¶ A brief Chronicle, where in are described shortly the Original, and the successive estate of the Roman weal public, the alteratyon and change of sundry Offices in the same: the order and succession of the Kings, Consuls and Emperors thereof, together with sundry gests & acts of many famous Princes and valiant Captains, from the first foundation of the City of Rome, unto the. M. C. and xix year there of consequently: right pleasant and profitable to be red, marked and followed of all men.  
Collected and gathered first by Eutropius, and Englished by Nicolas Haward, studiente of Thavies In.  
Anno. 1564.  
Fais ton devoir,  
Selon ton powoyr.   

TO THE RIGHT worshipful and excellent young Gentle man, master Henry Compton Esquire, his faithful and daily Orator Nicholas hayward, wisheth long health, with increase and affluence of all worship.  
ALthough of long time scythe, (right worshipful,) I had in my heart professed a great zeal and reverens towards you, which from time to time, day by day. I sought means to signify to your good mastership, yet there never wanted some occasion which might withhold me from that mi said intent & purpose. For why, weighing mine own case and condition of fortune, and considering your worthy estate and degree of worship, I did always with myself yet hitherto, disallow my former attempted enterprise. But on the other side, setting before mine eyes, and beholding the exceeding great gentleness, which from your very youth ye have abundantly towards all men in all places declared, (which you as inheritance claim from your ancestors,) and also the no small favour and zeal which you continually have professed towards learning, where in I myself am able not a little to testify how you have profited. For omitting here, your diligent study employed at Oxford, which is to divers not unknown, I myself do well remember that long time before that, ye had attained the Latin tongue, (and that well nigh in your very childhood:) which things being so, I was emboldened,) presuming upon your passing great favour) now at last with certain confidence to declare to your goodness my poor heart to you long time since wholly addicted: upon which snre affiance so reposed in your worship, I have here presented unto you this small treatise. Upon the fynishinge whereof, I have employed for the most part such vacant time as I had, (not defraudinge my other studies,) bearing in memory therample and saying of Pliny, who thought all that his time to be lost, which he bestowed not at book. Nothing doubting but your lenity, being such as it is, ye will gratefullye with favour accept the same, and so enboulden my bashfulness in this behalf, as did Octavius Augustus to one, who when he had finished a book, (like as I this,) which he would have delivered to Augustus, and was come in presence before him, with trembling hand, he did both proffer and withdraw that his book again, which thing Augustus apperceiving, accepted the gift, and reprehending the bashful and timorousness of the giver, said: what thinkest thou, that thou dost now erhibite a mite to an Elephante? Such clemency and familiarity was there in the mighty Emperor. The like of which, also promiseth this your worship's countenance: which hath now exiled, and clean put to flight, the cloudy mists of my former bashfulness: So that now without fear or drawing back, I have hear preferred to your worship these my simple travails, which I chose among others to employ upon this author, as chief for sundry causes. th'one is, for the substance and matter, which he writeth of, which as it is of time and continuans antic, so is it of all men far before other histories to be embraced & desired to be known. another cause is, for the where divers Historiographers aswell Greeks as Latins have uttered to their posterity in writing thexploits & feats achieved by the Romans, as well in peace, as in war, yet among them all, are there few which in so good order have placed the same: and as for brevity and compendiousness, I am assured noon there are, but of force must grant him the price. And all be it that as tully sayeth, and as experience teacheth us, divers there are endued with very excellent wits by nature, which wits are aided by precepts and perfected by experience, which experiens is alone the masters of all things, who instructeth and teacheth us how to demean and govern both ourselves and our doings by judging things present, and calling to memory things which are past: yet among all those which are endued with such pregnante wits by nature, each one hath not attained such perfection in learning, that they of themselves are able enough to attain fully to the knowledge and understanding of the gests and facts of divers most victorious nations & peoples: the examples of whom may aminate and encourage others to endeavour and labour to purchase and attain such like fame and praise, as those others have done, so much as nothing can more. The knowledge of which examples, had to divers even to this day lain hid, been unknown, and unattained unto, had not that their default in learning, been aided by some others, able to further than in this behalf. Which imperfection of many, divers here to fore understanding, (to whom the talon of learning hath been more abundantly granted,) endevoringe themselves, to remedy & supply that want & default in others, have to their great commendation and praise immortal, by their industry and pains taking in translating divers Histories and Chronicles, (as in their minds best seemed to them) out of sundry languages into this out mother tongue, made perfect and healed that maim, which otherwise the want of knowledge of the same Histories for want of learning, had bred to divers of this our country. By which example of theirs, I was the more hardy to attempt this enterprise, as one right glad if by ought that lieth in me, (which easily I confess, and grant how slender it is,) any one might take either furtherance or pleasure. Which my simple travails I have presumed to exhibit to your worship, not for any the causes afore said, (knowing that you are in such studies, as ye are also in all other good sciences very exactly seen and perfect,) but only to signify, and as argument to testify the good will which to my power my poor heart unto your worship, as of duty doth owe: which then at length shall be fully satisfied, and adjudged itself very happy, when it shall seem to have done any thing which may appear acceptable to your good mastershyppe.  
And all though it may be granted that experience of things may be attained without learning, yet is experience purchased by learning, to be preferred before that other so much as quietness is more to be regarded then trouble.  
For as Philip de Comines a French writer affirmeth: a man shall see more experience in three months, by reading of books, than twenty men shall in Process of time, the one of them living after the other: Where by a man shall also understand the usage and and fashions of sundry realms and countries, aswell in peace as in time of war, the ordinances and laws of sundry nations, the ways and means by which they have enlarged their kingdoms, and the causes of the decay of the same, and how those ruinous Empires have been again restored, and have recovered their former estates. All which things like as they are plentifully, so are they chiefly contained in the description of good histories, which histories of Cicero are most worthily called the witness bearers of time, the lights of verity, the lives of memory, the regentes of life, and the ambassadors of antiquity: by which we may learn how to bear all manner fortune, as well adverse as prosperous, which shall administer unto us the very true and certain experience of things, so that we may certainly know how to attain and purchase praise and fame immortal: which with great increase and long continuance of the same, God of his infinite goodness, grant to your worship for ever. From Thavies Inn the xxii. day of june.  
Your faithful and daily Orator Nicholas Haward.   

¶ To the Reader.  
COnsidering with myself (gentl● reader) with how infinite pain and labo● divers here tofore me● of most excellent wits and of passing knowledge have compiled their books, & with what heed and cyrcumspectnesse they have examined and perfected their said travails and with what fear and wariness they have published the same, (nor that without good cause why.) For there by they exponed themselves, their name and fame to no small dangers and hazards. namely to the view judgement, and report of all men. For which causes (me seems) I have taken upon me a● this present a hard enterprise: A burden over heavy for these slender shoulders to sustain, who have at length showed myself so hardy as to publish abroad this small book to the scanning and trying of so many touch stones. Among whom like as those other most famous men have doubted to credit their wrytrnges (dreading how they might escape the close carping of divers slanderous and perverse detractors:) so I who now have weighed the safe anchors) of closeness, and hoisted up the sails of fearfulness, to receive the blasts of rumours and reports, have launched forth this simple ship to take his way amid the sapde gulfs, where as nothing else is to be looked for, but captain perdition, without the singular lenity of the benevolent Readers do supply the pilots stead to safe conduct him along those dangers, and defend him from those violente and surging waves which shall s●ke to overwhelm him: who should well have contented myself to have gratified only that excellent young (gentleman my singular good master, master Compton (whom I here name for his worthiness sake) without hazarding myself by farther dangers, to seek such adventutes as might betide.  
Nevertheless, sith it hath pleased him to will me to attempt this enterprise (whose request to again say, or commandment to withstand in no case I might,) I have the boldlier, under the banner of his Protectyon adventurxed to endanger these first fruits of my travails. Where in I do as yet adjudge myself to stand in far more safety and less danger, than those others do, of whom I made mertyon before: for that if in their doings any error might have happily been espised, it could hardly have been wyncked at, either for their singular knowledge and learning where in they did excel, or for their tipenesse of judgement, which well nigh passed all men's credit.  
But as for me, if ought there be doprehended in this small treatise, worthy reprehension (as one submitting myself to the judgement of others,) yet I desire of thee gentle Reader, grant of favourable scanning: which I trust easily without repining, I shall at thy hands obtain: For that what so ever hath chanced to escape me, may be ascribed to my imperfectness, (whom I yield to thy judgement) or imputed to youth, and so the easilier be remitted, or at least dissimuled. Neither think I that I could be so incircumspecte in sit placing of words, ne so exact a translator, that I could (though most I covetie it) please and satisfy of each one his fantalye: Sufficeth it me therefore, if among such a company, some: among so many, shall seem all together not to reject these my simple travails.  
And to the end I may endue the friendly Reader to conceive the better opinion of this small book, I shall show to thee what profit and commodity is annexed to the same, and how much doth avail the reading of good histories. And then have I to speak to the obloquy of certain persons, which seem greatly to disallow the translating of Historiographers, and other good authors, forth of divers languages into his own mother tongue: where by they detract and deprive the travailers in those affairs of their praise which most worthily ought to ensue their said labours.  
And as touching the first point, which is to express the profit and commodity which do ensue the revolving and often perusing of histories, and to declare of what force and effect they are to quicken and encourage others to achieve the like, the saying of worthy Themistocles seemeth to prove sufficiently: who in his first youthful years gave himself wholly to follow lust and sensuality, regarding nothing but riotousness and satisfying his fantasy, but so soon as Melciades obtained opportunity, and won through his prowess and manhood great victories of Themistocles, who alway before had been drowned in folly (and wantonness) conferring the life of Milciades with that of his, did in short space so aultare himself, as if he had never been any such kind of person. Where at divers much marveling, demanded of him the cause of that his so sudden change. To whom Themistocles answered that the victories and conquests of Melciades would not permit him any longer to sleep or slumber.  
Of such force and efficacy, and the examples of others, that of one who tofore was a member scant worthy to live in a common wealth, the example of that other made a valiant and most victorious conqueror. Which things being so. who doth dou●e how requisite and necessary histories are: in which are contained such number of notable examples, of men more famous far than was Melciades. Which histories like as they are to be had in estimation, and greatly to be regarded for the worthiness of them, whose acts they recount, so are they highly to be had in price, for that by mean of them only those gests of such men are so rife in memory, that in manner they do yet live, and seem presently to put them in practise. For why, hath not Virgil that divine Poet by his worthy verses given Troy such perpetuitye, that it doth as yet seem to burn, with an inextinguible fire: which else doubtless had perished together with the fading of that consnming flame.  
Who should now have been able to recite the worthy prowess of famous Achilles, if Homer had not crowned the same with eternity? And that which is more, (that I may say with mighty Alexander,) what had it availed that worthy Achilles? what had it advantaged divers other valiant men to have adventured themselves to such dangers, to have attempted so heard enierpryses, finally to have declared themselves always invincible, if such their victories, that their manhood, those their excellence virtues should have been with them over whelmed in the earth, and pearished in that small coffin? Which doubtless had happened, if the worthiness of writers had not challenged and delivered them from that lamentable destiny. Where had the renown, the fame and glory of the Romans. the Grecians, the Macedonians, the Persians and divers other victorious nations been now become? They had certes been quite worn out by antiquity, decayed by descent of ages, and given place to time, if the fame of them so deceased, had not been shrouded in the perdurable seereclothes of famous writers, (as Lyvius, plutarch, Curtius with others whom I here pass over,) and their said facts farsed with the pure powders of the writings, and monuments of such men as those were most sovereign preservatives against such putrefactyons.  
And thus much as touching the commodious and well nigh requisite knowledge of Histories. Now resteth it to speak a word or two to satisfy the misliking of certain persons, with such as have travailed in translating divers authors forth of other languages into this our mother tonnge. For the aucthorisinge and defence whereof, (me seems) the words of the famous orator Apollonius doth avail not a little. Who coming by chance into the school where tully was, being but a child as yer, and apperceiving his for wardness in learning, and his natural inclinatyon to the same, said: truly Cicero I commend thee, and bewail grestly the chance and case of the Grecians. For why, full well that worthy Orator apperceived that Tully should in process of time bereft the Grecians of their exacinesse in all sciences (where in they might worthily at those days claim singularity to themselves) and communicate the same with the Romans and others. Which thing though Culli did not as an interpreter of any, yet did he it so, that he seemed as an erpositor to many. For look what absoluteness or perfection any of the Grecians, the Hebricians or any other strange nations had through their labour and travail attained unto in leatning, and left written in their languages, for the prolytte and behoove of their country men, which was neither commodious or profitable to be known. All that hath he by his industry left most eloquently published in the Latin tongue, a language more rife and familiar than those from whence he desumed them. And like as many had failed of that knowledge which they now have aspired unto, had not Tully trodden forth unto them such easy paths, tyghte had there been no few among us in this our region, which had not as yet attained unto any understanding of so many histories, and with them sundry other things worthy to be knoweu, had not the diligence of Translators, & their pains employed in that behalf, removed and cleared the thick mists of their ignorans, where by it may appear that such as busy themselves for the furtherance and commodity of others, are not only worthy to be void of reprehension undepryved of their well deserved praise, but are also to be encouraged to persever in those their well doings. And where as some their be which obtecte that through these translatyons, the affecting and desire of the attaining of the Greek, Latin, Italian and other tongues doth decay, and is the less sought after, who seeth not how frivolous and vain that their saying is. For as it is very absonant that any one who hath the perfect use of corn & grain, and tasted the plesauntnesse there of, would refuse the same to be fed with Acorns, so is it no less dissonant to say, that any man having once tasted the pleasant purity of the Greek and Latin tongues, would (for saking the same,) fall to the barbarousness (in respect) of this our english tongue. But like as Ce●es hath not so indifferently dealt with all men, to instruct and show them the use of corn, for which some must of force content themselves to be fed with Acorns. So for that each man hath not attained the knowledge of those languages, in which notwithstanding many things are worthy to be known, some must needs content themselves to wade only in the troubled streams of Translators: for that they are not able to attain to the well spring itself: with translations if they had any manner way sounded to the decay or hindrance of learning or knowledge. Doubtless in those so many so famous men, which have sustained so great pains in that behalf great folly and oversight might have been imputed that they would have busied themselves so many years about so harmful studies. But so much are the minds of men now depraved with malice, and puffed up with pride, that they can not only broke the well meaning minds of any, but narrowly examine and try the errors of others. Being sure in the mean time that they themselves will attempt no such enterprise: (warily preventing what men might fortune to report by them,) worthy to be resembled to Esopes' dog. Who lying in the Ox's rack, would not only not eat the hay himself, neyet would permit the Ox, who ●ould gladly have fed. Whose over hedeful ●eades I pass over without regard, desiring thee gentle Reader, (for whose cause I have sustained these labours, and endangered my name) to conceive of this my rude enterprise accordingly. Exhorting thee also earn estly, daily to reunlue and peruse the number of good histories which either are all ready, or shall here after happen to be published for thy behoove. wishing thou mayst like as Themistocles,) pexceyve there by such fru●e and profit, that thou mayst be animated by reading those worthy acts and exployees of others, to purchase and gain like praise and fame to them, whom those their facts commend to thee.  
☞ Farewell from my chamber in Cha●…es Inn.   

¶ The first book of the Breviary of EUTROPLUS.  
THe Roman Empire, which was at the first beginning 
Romulushis' birth and parentage. Rhea Silvia mother to Romulus.  thereof, of all other the smallest, and in process of time did become the most 
Virgin's vestals wet they which ministered to Vesta daughter to Saturn, who see order was to keep themselves virgis until. 30. year of age, and then they were licenced to mary. The foundation of Rome laid, the. 729. year beforethe birth of christ and the. 3101. year after the creation of the world, & continued in that state about a 1300. years.  ample, and surmounted in circuit all other Empires, that any man could ever remember, was founded by Romulus. Who (as it was supposed) was the son of a birgin vestal, be gotten by Mars, & borne at one birth with his brother Remus. This Romulus when he had oflong time accustomed among the shepherds to pray and spoil abroad. At last being of the age of xviii years, he laid the site of a small city, in the hill Pallatinus, the eleventh day of May, in the xxxiii. year after that the plays called Dlimpici were first begun. And after the destruction of the city of Troy: according to the sust computation of all writers, the. CCC. lxxxx. & fourth year. When he had built this City, which after to his own name he called Rome, he wrought 
Rome named  these feats wellnigh as they follow. first he gathered together into his city a great number of such as were 
Rome inhabited.  borderers there about to furnish this citi. Among whom he chose anC. of such as were most anctent of years, after whose advise he minded to order his affairs: whom he for that they were so aged, called Senators. Then for that both he and his people were as yet 
senators in Rome. The cause why plays were first invented in Rome.  destitute of wives, upon a time he did invent certain plais and shows within the City, requesting such as were inhabitants near about Rome, to come and see those plays. At which time the Romans by force bereft them their daughters & maidens. Where upon, war was proclaimed against the Romans for that rape: in which battle, Romulus 
War against the Romans  subdued the Ceninenses, the Antennates, the Crustumyes, the Fidenates, the Veientines and the Sabines: which people environed the city of Rome. Within a while after, there arose suddenly a great tempest, in which 
Romulus' vanished in a tempest forth of Caprea meadow, where he took the view of his souldy ours.  Romulus being abroad, vanished away so that he was not after seen: Where upon when he could not be found, his people supposing that he was reached up to the skies, canonized him in the xxxvii year of his reign. 
Romulus' canonized.  After thee, the senators bare rule by the space of .v. days, during which time of their reign, was accomplished 
Interregn●, the time between the death of one king, and the treat on of another. Numa Pompilius the ii king a Sabine borne.  one whole year. Then was Numa Pompilius created king: who during the hole time of his reign, waged no battle, & yet was he no less profitable to the city of Rome than Romulus was. For why he establishedde Laws, and framed to good order the conditions 
No wars in Rome, which chanced unt two times more in Rome, one after the first Carthaginian battle, ones in Augustus Cesares time. The year divided into xii months. Numa, his reign.  of the people of Rome, which for that they had been so long accustomed to battles, were now judged as robbers and rude people. This Numa divided the year into xii months, being before but a confused number of days, and a thing not able to be accounted. And innumerable rites and ceremonies, and temples founded he beside at Rome. And deceased by sickness in the. 43. year of his reign. After him, Tullus Hostilius being 
Tullus Hostilius the third king. Martial policy renewed.  made king, did again put in ure the feats of arms, and renewed battles: which during the reign of Numa had been laid aside. He conquered the Albans, which were distant xii miles from the city of Rome. He also subdued the Veientines and Fidenates, of 
Alba longa destroyed in this kings reign. Rome enlarged.  which th'one were vi miles, tother were xviii miles distant from Rome. He enlarged the city annexing thereto the hill Celius, & being stricken with lightning, both he and his house was 
Tullus his reign.  burned, when he had reigned xxxii years. After him Ancus Martius governed the city of Rome. Who was 
Ancus Martius, the four king, he was before the incarnation of Christ. 642. years, he made the bridge over the river of Tiber, which ran by Rome, & built a gail or prison in Rome for the runishing of offenders.  son to Numa Pompilius his daughter. He waged battle against the Latins. He enlarged the city, by taking into it the hills Aventinus and janiculus. He built a city fast upon the sea shore at Dstia, which was vi miles distant from the city of Rome. And being visited with sickness, he deceased in the xxiiii year of his reign. Then Priscus Tarqvinius, obtained the Empire, he doubled the number 
Priscus Tarqvinius the v. king.  of the senators. He built the place of playee in Rome called Circus: and 
The number of the Senators doubled.  instituted also divers games there, which as yet to this day do remain. He subdued the Sabines. And berefting 
Circus built.  them of a great portion of their land, annexed it to the territory of the Romans. He was the first that entered the City of Rome with any 
Priscus Tarniquinius trivinphed first at Rome.  triumph. He builded the walls of the city, and sinks also to avoid the filth and ordure of the City. He began the Capitol, and when he had reigned xxxviii. years, he was slain by the 
The capitol 〈…〉 slain.  sons of king Ancus whom he succeeded in the kingdom. After him, Servius Tullius was king, whose mother was a noble woman borne: 
servius Tullius the vi king.  but yet was she a captive and a handmaid. He subdued the Sabines, and annexed to the city, these three hills, Quirinalis, Viminalis and Esquilinus. He entrenched round the 
Romewalles' entrenched.  walls of the City. He was the first that invented mustering of men, which before his time was not known through the whole world. In his reign 
Mustring 〈◊〉.  the names of all the inbabitantes in Rome were taken, and there were found 
〈…〉.  in the City of Rome lxxx and four M. citizens able men with those which inhabited about the city. He was slain in the xlv year of his reign, through 
servius Tullius slain.  the wickedness of his son in law Tarqvinius who was son to the last king before him (whom this Servius Tullius succeeded) and the naughtiness of his own daughter, whom he had espoused to the said Tarqvinius. Lucius 
Lucius Tarqvinius, Superbus the seven. king.  Tarqvinius, Superbus was the vii & the last king that reigned at Rome He overcame the Volscians in battle, which are situate not far distant from Rome (as men go from thence towards Campania, He subdued the City of Gabios, & Suessa Pometia. He made peace with the Thuscians, and built 
jupiter, his temple built.  jupiter his temple in the capitol. Afterward, as he was laying siege to the city of Arde, which was ten miles distant from the city of Rome, he was deposed. 
Lucius Tarqvinius deposed.  For when his son Sextus Tarqvinius had forced & polluted the noble woman, & therewithal the most chastest 
Adultery the cause of the first alteratyon of the state of the weal public in Rome.  Lucretia wife to Collatinus, & she had of this injury complained to her husband, & other her friends, in the presence of them all, she slew herself. Where upon they kindled the hearts of the people against Tarqvinius, & deposed him from his kingdom: and 
The severity of the Romans in punyshing adultery.  soon after, the whole army which at that time laid siege to the city of Arde together with the king, forsook him. Where upon when the king returned, and would have entered the city, 
Lucius Tarqvinius his reign.  the gates were shut against him. Thus when he had reigned xxv years, he fled with his wife and children. In this wise reigned vii kings over the city of Rome, by the space of. CCxliii 
The time that kings governed Rome.  years: at which time Rome extended not to above xu miles, where it was largest. From this time began there to be created in the place of one king two. consuls for this consideration, that 
Two consuls created in Rome. Consuls ordained in rome the 3450. year after the creation of the world. The reign of the consuls.  although the one of them were disposed to naughtiness, yet the other having the like authority, might bridle the affection of his companion. And it was decreed that they should not rule above one year, lest the continuance of their bearing rule should make them wax haughty, whereas otherwise 
The order of the consuls comeinued after it was first instituted until julius Cesares reign, which wxas by the space of 464. years  they would demean themselves more courteously, knowing that after their ycare expired and determined, they should become private persons again. In the first year after the expulsing of the kings forth of the city, Lucius junius Brutus, who had most of others procured the banishing 
Lucius junius Brutus and Tarqvinius Collatinus first consuls.  of Tarqvinius, and with him Tarqvinius Collatinus, who was husband to Lucretia, were chosen consuls. How be it Collatinus was forth with deprived of his Consulship. For why it was agreed that none should remain in the City, that bore the name of Tarqvinius. whereupon Collatinus 
Tarqvinius Collatinus depryned of his consulship.  taking with him all his substance, departed forth of the City, and in his room Valerius Publicola was created consul. Nevertheless king 
Valerius Publicola consul. The first battle that any Roman ever waged against Rome.  Tarqvinius who a little before was banisheda ssembling togethera great army to aid him to recover his kingdom, waged battle with the Citizens of Rome. In the very first front of the battle, Brutus the consul and Aruus Tarqvinius his son slew one another. 
Brutus and Aruus slain.  How be it the Romans obtained the victory in that battle: & the Roman matrons bewailed the death of Brutus by the space of one whole 
Brutus death bewailed.  year, as the defender of their chastities. After the death of Brutus, Valerius Publicola chose Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus, who was father 
Spurius, Lucretius, Tricipitinus consul. Lucretius died. Horatius, Puluillus consul. Five consuls in the i. year.  to Lucretia to be consul, who died by sickness: & Horatius Puluillus was created consul in his room. Thus were .v. consuls created in the first year. Of whom, Tarqvinius Collatinus lost the city for his name. Brutus was slain in battle, Spurius Lucretius sickened and died. Then in the second year after, Tarquinsus again 
War again attempted by Tarqvinius against the Romans.  made war upon the Romans, to the end he might recover his kingdom, whom Porsenna king ●f Thuscia then aided, and well nigh he had taken Rome. How be it at this time, was he also overcome. In the three year after the kings were banished forth of the City, when Tarqvinius apperceived that he should neither be received again of the Romans, nor yet that Porsenna would secure him any longer, he departed to Thusculus a city not far distant from Rome, & there by the space of xiiii years 
Tarqvinius lived as a private man at Thusculus.  he lived with his wife, as a private man. In the. 4. year after that the kings were banished the city, the Sabines 
The Sabins warred on the romen  again warred upon the Romans: at which time, they were also overcome & the Romans triumphed over them. In the .v. year Lucius Valerius, who was fellow in office with Brutus, & tother. 4. consuls, deceased in such extreme poverty, that money was fain to 
A collectyon of money for the burial of Valerius the consul.  be gathered among the people, to bear the expenses of his funeras.  
Whose death the Roman matrons did by the space of a year, bewail, as they did the death of Brutus before. In the ix year after the banishing of the kings, when Tarqvinius his son in law had assembled together 
Preparatyon for war against the Romans by tarquinius his son in law. The office of dictatura first instituted. Titus Largius dictator  a great army, to the end he might revenge the reproach which his father in law sustained at the Romans hands, There was a new office created in Rome, called Dictatura in authority, excelling far the office of the consuls. That same year was there also ordained in Rome an other office called Magister Equitum: who was deputed to be attendant upon the dictator. To this office of Dictator was 
Spurius Cassius. first magister Equitum.  first deputed at Rome Titus Largius. And Spurius Cassius supplied first the office of magister Equitum. In the xvi year did the commons of Rome make a commotion, pretending 
A commotion at Rome by the commons.  the cause to be, for that the senators and Consuls would have oppressed them: At which time, they created two. whom they called Tribuni Plebis, 
Tribuni Plebis created: which were after, abrogated by Sylla, and restored again by Pompeius.  and assigned them to be peculiar decisers and determiners of their causes only: by whose means they might be in safety, and defended against the consuls. In the year following the Volstians renewed battle against the Romans, 
The Volstianes' renewed war against the Romans  they were subdued: and lost moreover their first city called Corioli. In the xiii year after that the kings were banished, Quintus Martius 
Rome invaded by Quintius Martius a Roman.  a famous captain of the Romans, who won Coriolis a city of the Volscians, upon displeasure conceived, went to the Volscians, and took part with them, who also aided him against the Romans. By mean whereof, he put the Romans oft times to the worst. He camped within .v. miles of the city of Rome. And regarding nothing the Legates, which the Romans sent to him to entreat for peace, he determined to have invaded his own country, had not his own mother Veturia, and his wife Volumnia come forth of the city to entreat him: through whose request mixed with tears, he was overcome, and so withdrew his army. In that year that Cesus Fabius, and Titus Virginius were consuls, three hundredth noble men of the house & stock of the Fabianes, took upon them alone 
Battle taken in hand a 'gainst the Veientines, by the house of the Fabianes alone.  to wage battle against the Veientines, offering the senators and the people of Rome, that they them selfs would fight the field. Whereupon, all these noble men according they had before decreed, went forth to the battle ward, of which each of them was well worthy to have been a captain for their singular prowess: and were all slain there: so that of that so great a family 
The stock of the Fabians near clean extinguished.  & line, there was left none a live but one, who for that he was but a child, was not then able to go to warfare. After these things, there was another muster taken within the city, & the citizens amounted to the number of a C. 
The second muster at Rome.  & xix M. able men. The year following, when th'army of the Romans was besieged in the hill Algidus, which 
The romain army besieged  was well nigh xii miles distant from the city of Rome. Lucius Quintus Cin 
Lucius Quintus Cincinatus being Dictator, called strait from the plough handle.  cinnatus was made dictator, who being seized of a close or field which contained so much ground as one yoke of oxen was able to ear in four days: called in latin. Quatuor ugera: (which contained ix C lx foot in length & in 
In how final citimatyon ample possessions were in Rome.  breadth. CCCC. & viii score foot,) tilled that ground with his own hands. And being sent for to succour the Romans, they found him busily occupied in ploughing: he then wiping only the sweat from his brows, and (as the manner was) casting upon him the garment (which was assigned for the Dictator to wear) called Toga pretexta: took his journey forthwith against his enemies: 
Toga pretexta.  and putting them to flight, delivered the army of the Romans besieged. In the year after the foundation of the city of Rome three hundredth and one, the office of the consuls ceased 
The office of Consuls ceased.  for a time. And in the place of the ii consuls, there were chosen ten which should bear chief authority in the city, and they were called Decemuiri. But when in the first year 
Decemuiri first instituted.  after their creation they had well demeaned them sclues, in the second year of their bearing rule, one of them 
During the reign of the Decemuirs certain of that order, were sent into Grece, to see the usages of the most famous cities there, who using there in the advise of the most learned in those parts wrote certain laws which were called the xii tables, and The Decemuirs deprived of their authority, they reigned. 3. years.  named Appius Claudius would have forced & deflowered a maid, which was daughter to one Virginius: which Virginius at that time soulded for honest wages in the hill Algidus against the Latins. But when Virginius understood the pretense of the Decemuirs, he chose rather to slay daughter as he did, than he should be polluted by the Decemuir: and returning back to his soldiers, he began a commotion: for which fact the Decemuirs were deprived of their authority, and they themselves condemned. In the. CCC. and xu year after Rome was built, the Fidenatsses rebelled against the Romans: wheme the Veientines assisted. Tolumnius 
The Fidenates rebelled.  was at that time king of the Veientines, both which Cities were situate nigh to Rome: For Fidene was but vii miles and Veientes xviii miles distant from Rome. The Volscianes in like manner took Parr with those other people. How be it they sustained the overthrow by 
Marcus Emilius Dictator. Lucius Q. Cincinatus magister Equitum. Tolumnius slain. The City of the Fidenats taken and overthrown. Furius Camillus Dictator.  Marcus Aemilius then Dictator, & Lucius Quintus Cincinatus, Magister Equitum. In that battle they lost their king. The city of the Fidenaies' was won and quite destroyed. Twenty years after that, the Veientines rebelled again: and there was sent against them, Furius Camillus the Dictator: who at the first, discomfited them in battle: and eftsoons when he had besieged the City a good space, he wan it: which was 
The city of the Veientins taken.  the most ancient and the richest through all Italy. After that, he won also Falisci, a City no less notable than that other was. But the people's 
Falisci won.  hearts were kindled against him, through the procurement of certain persons which surmised that he had 
Camillus' banished.  not well and indifferently divided the spoil: Upon which cause, he was condemned and banished the City. Immediately hereupon, the 
Rome invaded by the frenchmen, in the. 360. year after the city was built, about. 350. years before the birth of christ  Frenchmen invaded Rome and pursued the Romans unto the flood Allia, which was xi. miles dystante from the city of Rome, when they had thus discomfited and vanquished the Romans, they won the city itself: of which no part was able to be 
Rome taken.  defended against them but the Capitol only: which when they had also of long time besieged, so that the Romans which were included, began now to fail of victuals, Camillus who lived as a banished man, in a city near adjoining, set upon the Frenchmen, and with much a do put them to flight. whereupon 
Rome rescued by Camillus, and the frenchmen put to flight.  the Frenchmen which laid siege to the capitol, broke up their siege, receiving gold of the Romans for the same intent. But Camillus still pursued, and made such slaughter of them, that he recovered not only the gold which they had received, but such anncientes also and ensigns of war, as they had gotten. And thus returning to Rome again, he entered into the city with his third 
Camillus' called the second Romulus.  triumph, and was called the second Romulus: as though he also had been a founder of that his country.   

¶ The second book of the breviary of Eutropius.  
IN the three hundredth three score and v. year after the building of the city of Rome, and in the first year after 
Offices changed again in Rome.  that it was so taken by the frenchmen, the offices were again altered, and in stead of the two consuls, two were created, which were called Tribuni Militum: of no less authority 
Tribuni militum created.  than the Consuls were. From this time, began the wealth of Rome to increase. For that same year, Camillus won the city of the Volscians. 
The city of the Volscianes won by Camillus.  which by the space of lxx years had waged battle with the Romans: he won also the cities of the Equys and Sutrines, and discomfited all their armies: and got three triumphs together. Tytus Quintius Cincinatus pursuing at that time also the Prenestines which came to the very gates of Rome to wage battle, and overcame them at the flood Allia, and annexed to the Empire of the Romans those cities which were under the dominion of the Prenestines. Than gave he the assault to the city Preneste itself: which was 
Great prowess of Cincinatus.  yielded up to him: All which feats he did within twenty days space: and a triumph was granted unto him. How be it the dignity of the Tribunes 
The office of Tribunes ceased.  did not long endure: for after a while, it seemed good to the Romans to create no more of that order. And so by the space of three years, they stood in doubt whether they should make any great offices again or no. Nevertheless the Tribunes at last, 
The Tribunes recovered again their dignity.  by common consent obtained again their former dignity, and that they should also have the authority of the Consuls beside, and continued so by the space of three years. Then were there consuls created again. In the year that Lucius Genutius, and Quintus Servilius were 
Consuls created again.  consuls, Camillus died, unto whom most honour was attributed next after 
Camilius deceased.  Romulus, of any that ever was in Rome. About this time Quintius the Dictator was sent forth against the Frenchmen which were arrived in Italy, and had camped on the farther 
The french men again a rived and camped in Italy.  side of the flood Auienes, where Titus Manlius the worthiest of all the Senators, slew one of the French men, which provoked him to fight hand to hand. And when he had slain him, he pluck of a chain of gold which his enemy ware about his neck, and put it about his own: whereof both he and his posterity were called Torquati, for a perpetual memory of that fact. The residue 
The original or the name of Corquati.  of the Frenchmen were put to flight: and eftsoons overcome by Caius Sulpitius the Dictator. Within a while after, the Thuscianes were 
The Thuscians discomfited by Marius.  subdued by Caius Marius: and vii thousand of them were led prisoners in one triumph. There was again a muster had in Rome, and when the Latins whom the Romans had 
The third muster at Rome.  before subdued, refused to assist them with any power of men against their enemies, they were enforced to choose among themselves young soldiers only, and such as before that time had never been at war, to the number often legions. So much prevailed the Romans in Warlike feats and chivalry, although their wealth and substance was as yet but very slender. This army went forth against the Frenchmen, and Lucius Furius was appointed general thereof: At that time, one of the french camp challenged into the field him whom the Romans accounted the most valiant among them al. Upon which brags Marcus Valerius being at that time Tribunus Militume proffered himself to fight the combat: and as he marched forward 
Mar. Valer. did battle with a french man.  into the field ready armed, a Crow lighted upon his right arm, and sat there still. afterward when his adversary and he came to handy gripes, the same Crow smote the Frenchman upon the eyes with his wings and tallaunts in such sort, that he could not see forthrighte, by mean whereof he was slain by Valerius. And the Crow gave him not only the victory, but his name also, that he was after called corvinus. 
The original of the name of corvinus. M. Va. Cor. Consul.  And for this fact he was created consul, during the space of xxiii years. Then the Latins who before had refused to aid the Romans with any soldiers, made request that one of the Consuls might be chosen among them, and the other among the Romans, which demand of theirs was denied, and battle by the Romans prepared against them, wherein they were overcome, and upon their overthrow the Romans 
Battle against the Latins.  triumphed. The pictures of the consuls were set up at the bars: (which was the place where the Orators pleaded men's causes) for 
The Images of the Consuls erected.  this victory achieved. Now the Romans waxed mighty: they warred with the Samnites well nigh an C. and xxx miles distant from Rome which are situate in the mid way between Picennm, Campania, and Apulia. Lucius Papirius Cursor went to that battle being first created Dictator, & returning through cause of business from thence to Rome, gave charge (at his departure to Quintus Fabius Maximus, who at that time was Magister Equitum, that during his absence, he should not fight with his enemies. How be it he upon occasion given, with marvelous dexterity of fortune fought with the Samnites, and vanquished them. For which fact the Dictator Lucius Papirius after his return gave sentence of death upon him, for that he had fought contrary to 
Quintus Fabi. Max. adjudged to death.  his commandment. But yet he was delivered through the pasling great favour of the soldiers, which they pretended toward him. About which matter there was such dissension bred by Papirius, that he was nigh slain himself there in. After this, the Samnites overcame the Romans 
The Romans vanquished by the Samnites. The yoke that they called jugst was made with two. spears, stuck in the earth. and the third on their points like a gallows: under which for reproach vanquished men were led.  to their great reproach, and caused them to creep under the yoke at which time Titus Veturius and Spurius, Postumius were consuls. How be it the Senators and people of Rome forth with infringed that league, which a little before they were constrained to make with the Samnites. Then Lucius Papirius had the upper hand over the Samnites, and sent vii thousand of them under the yoke: and Papirius triumphed over them. At that time Appius Claudius being Censor conveyed into the 
The Samnites discomiyted.  city, the stream which is now called Claudia water, and made the high way which is yet called Appia way. 
The Samnites renewed battle.  Not long after the Samnites renewed battle, and overcame Quintus Fabius Maximus, and slew iii M. of his men. Afterward when his father Fabius Maximus was sent to 
Quin. Fab. Max. vanquished.  aid him, he did not only subdue the Samnites again, but won also divers of their towns. Then were Publius Cornelius Rufinus, and Marcus Curius Dentatus created Consuls: and were both sent forth 
Publi. Cor. Ruf. and M. Cur. Dent. Consuls.  against the Samnites, and in an exceeding great battle they vanquished them: and thus ended they the battle, which the Samnites had continued against the Romans, by the space of xlix years: which nation far above all the residue through out all Italy, did most diminish the force of the Romans. Within a few years after, the armies of the french men joined with the Thuscianes, and Samnites against the Romans: but as they marched towards Rome, Cnaine Cornelius Dolabella encountering with them, slew them: At that time war was proclaimed 
War proclaimed against the Tarentines.  against the Tarentines which inhabited the farthest parts of italy, for that they had injuried the Legates of the Romans. The Tarentines desired Pyrrhus' king of Epirus to assist them against the Romans, who forth with came to italy.  
This Pyrrhus was descended of the line of Achilles. This was the first battle that the Romans 
The first battle that the romans waged with foreign enemy.  waged with any foreign enemy. To this battle was Publius Valerius Levinus sent: who when he had apprehended the espies of Pyrrhus, he willed that they should be led through the camp, and that all the army should be showed to them, and so be dismiste, to the end they might recount to Pyrrhus how the 
The stoutness of the romans.  Romans did demean themselves in all points. Soon after the armies joined battle, and Pyrrhus was at the point to have fled, had not his Elephants been, through 
Pyrrhus overcame the Romans, by means of his Elephants.  whose means he got the victory: of whom the Romans (for that they had not erst seen, such beasts) were dismayed and stood in fear.  
How be it the night finished their skirmish for that time. Levinus the Consul fled that night: 
Leunius the Consul fled.  and Pyrrhus took prisoners about ● thousand and eight hundredth Romans, whom he entreated very honourably, and such as were ●aine in the battle, he buried, whom when he saw they were all wounded in the fore parts, and after they were dead, keeping still their 
Pyrrhus' his princely behaviour.  grim looks, which while they lived they yet had, as one aghast at the sight, lifting up his hands to the skies, he said: were it my chance 
Worthy commendation of the Romans.  (quoth he) to have such soldiers as these were, I could easily within short while conquer all the whole world. After this, Pyrrhus associated unto him the Samnites, the Lucanes and the Brutians, and marched so forward toward Rome despoiling all as he went with fire and sword. He prayed through all Campania, & came to Preneste which was distant but xviii miles from Rome, then retired he back again to Campania for dread of the Consuls, who came with a great army against him. The Romans then sent their legates to Pyrrhus to entreat about the ransoming of their prisoners, whom he received honourably, and sent to Rome such prisoners as he had, without receiving any ransom for them. And among the residue of the Roman Legates, Pyrrhus was so much affectyoned towards one Fabricius, that where as he understood the said Fabricius to be but a very poor man, he proffered to give him the fourth's part of his kingdom, if that he would forsake 
How dear the Romans esteemed their country.  Rome, and come to him. But Fabricius refused that his offer, Where upon Pyrrhus not a little meruailinge at the Romans, sent the chiefest of all his band, one called Cyneas on ambassade to Rome, 
Pyrrhus' prayed peace.  to entreat for peace, upon indifferent conditions, so that Pyrrhus might still detain that part of italy which he had subdued by battle, which proffer of peace misliked the Romans: and word was sent back to Pyrrhus from the Senate, that unless he would departed forth of Italy, he could in no wise have peace with the Romans. Then the Romans 
The stout answer of the romans.  commanded that all those which Pyrrhus had taken prisoners, should be reputed as infamed persons, for that they would be taken prisoners 
The severity of the Romans.  when they might have defended themselves by force of arms: And more over, that they should not again be restored to their former estate, until such time as they brought with them the like spoils of their enemies. With this answer returned 
Worthy praise of enemies mouths.  the Legate of Pyrrhus: of whom when Pyrrhus demanded what manner of place Rome was, he answered that he had there seen a country of kings: affirming that in manner every one there, was such a one, as Pyrrhus alone was counted to be at Epirus, and through all Grece. Then there were sent forth against Pyrrhus, Publius Sulpitius and Decius: who were then Consuls. In a skirmish 
Pub. Sul. and Decius Consuls sent against Pyrrhus.  which he made against them, Pyrrhus was wounded, his Elephants slain, and of his army he lost twenty thousand. There were slain of the Romans only v. M. Thus was Pyrrhus discomfitedde. 
Pyrrhus' put to fiyght.  The year after, Fabricius was sent forth against Pyrrhus: This was he, whom before among the other 
Fabricius sent against Pyrrhus.  Legates of the Romans, Pyrrhus could by no means allure to forsake Rome and come to him, upon promise to departed with the fourth part of his kingdom unto him. When he and king Pyrrhus had pitched their tents near the one to the other, Pyrrhus his Physician came by night to Fabricius, offering that he would destroy Pyrrhus with poison, if Fabricius would give him any thing for his labour: whom Fabritius 
The Romans hated treason.  apprehended, and caused to be bound and carried to Pyrrhus, and to be de-declared unto him what things his Physician had conspired against him. Where at the king all aghast said. Undoubtedly this is that Fabricius (quoth he), who with more difficulty can be made to forsake honesty, than the Sun can be stopped to run his course. And so the king departed into Sicily. Fabritius after 
Pyrthus went into Sicily. Fabritius triumphed.  that he had subdued the Samnites and the Lucanes trpumphed. Afterward, Marcus Curius Dentatus and Cornelius Lentulus being then Consuls, were sent forth against Pyrrhus, Curius fought the battle with him. He slew his army, he drove him to Tarentum, and 
Pyrrhus' discomfited.  sacked his tents. He slew that day of his enemies three and twenty thousand. Curius Dentatus triumphed in his Consulship: he brought 
elephants first brought to Rome.  four Elephants to Rome: which were the first that ever were there. Not long after, Pyrrhus departed from Tarentum, and at Argos 
Pyrthus slain  a city of Grece he was slain. When Caius Fabritius Luscinus, and Caius Claudius Cinna were consuls, which was in the year after the foundation of the city of Rome, four hundredth three score and one, ambassadonres were sent forth 
Legates forth of Alexandria sent to Rome.  of Alexandria by Ptolomeus too Rome, to join friendship and amity with the Romans: which thing they obtained. Whilst that Quintus Gulo, and Caius Fabius Pictor were consuls, the Picentines stirred up war against the Romans, 
Pub. Sem. & Ap. Clau. Consuls.  but they were overcome by Publius Sempronius and Appius Claudius, (which were next consuls) & triumphed over them. About this time, the Romans 
The cities Ariminum & Benenentum built by the Romans. Mar. Attili. Regu. & Lu-Iuni. Libo Consuls.  built the cities Ariminum in France, and Beneventum in Samnio: when Marcus Atti. Regu. & Lu. Iu. Libe were consuls, war was procilamed against the Salem. in Apulia: The Brundusians were vanquished, 
The Brundusians & the city taken.  and their City won: and triumph was had over them again.  
In the. CCCC lxxviii year after the building of Rome, the name and renown of the Romans became now famous, and yet had they never waged any battle forth of Italy. To the end therefore that they might understand what power they were able to make, there was a muster 
A m●●●er again in Rome  had, and the names of the Romans were taken: who being numbered by the polls, amounted to .cc. xc ii M. 334. citizens, all he it sith the first foundation of the city, wars had at no time ceased: Then was the 
The first battle which the romans waged against the carthaginians was in the 480. year after the buyl ding of the city, & lasted xx●●. years without intermissyon.  first battle attempted against the people of Africa: Appius Claudius and Quintus Fuluius being then Consuls: battle was fought against them in Sicily: where as Appius Claudius triumphed over them, and over Hieron king of Sicily.  
In the year following Martus Valerius, 
Appi. Clau. & Quin. Ful. consuls. Mar. Vale. and Octacil. Consuls.  and Octacillus being then Consuls, the Romans wrought very great enterprises. For why, the Taurominatanes, and the Catanenses, and besides them, fifty other cities, were received under obediens.  
In the third year after, preparation for war was made against Hieron in Sicily. But he, together with 
Wax pretended against Hieron.  the reside we of his nobility, made peace with the Romans, and gave unto them in consideration thereof, CC. talents of silver. The africans were overcome in Sicily, which 
The second triumph over the Africans  was the second time that the Romans triumphed over them.  
In the fifth year after that the Romans first waged battle against the Afers', (Caius Duillius, and Cneus Cornelius Asina being 
Ca Duil. & Cne. Cor. Asi. Consuls The first battle which the romans waged on the see.  Consuls,) they fought upon the sea: Against which battle, they had prepared light ships, which they called Foystes. The Consul Cornelius was deceived by a train. But Duillius fought the battle out, and overcame the captain of the carthaginians. He took xxxi ships. He sonk 
The carthaginians discomfited.  xviii. He took vii M. men prisoners, and slew iii M. There was never victory more acceptable to the Romans, than this was. For where before they had showed themselves to be invincible upon the land, they had now also experimented that they were of great force upon the sea, when Caius Aquilius Florus, and Lucius Scipio were, Consuls, Scipio won 
Caius Aqui. Flo. & Lu. Sci. Consuls. Corsica and Sardinia won.  Corsica, and Sardinia, and led with him from thence many thousand prisoners, and triumphed. Lucius Manlius Volso, & Marcus Attilius Regulus, being Consuls, war was again transposed 
Luci. man.. Vol. & Mar. Atti. Regu. Consuls.  into Africa against Hamilcar a captain of the Carthaginiens: This battle was also fought upon the sea 
The second battle on the sea.  and Hamilcar was discomfited. For when he had lost lxiiii ships, he retired back. The Romans lost in that battle xxii ships: but when they were 
A great over throw of the Carthagini. Clipea yielded to the Romans.  arrived in Africa, Clipea the chiefest City in Africa was yielded up to them. The consuls then marched forward toward Carthage: and when they had despoiled many Towns, Manlius returned to Rome, & brought 
Manlius' returned with victory to Rome.  with him xxvii M. prisoners. Attilius Regulus remaining still in Africa, prepared his army to withstand the force of the africans: and 
Regulus remained in Africa. Regulus worthy acts.  joining battle with three captains of the carthaginians at ones, he obtained the victory. He slew xviii M. of his enemies. He took prisoners five thousand men, and eight Elephants. He received under obeisance lxxiii. Cities. The carthaginians when they were thus dyscom●ited, desired peace of the Romans, which 
Peace desired by the Carthagini.  when Regulus would not grant, but upon strait conditions, they desired aid succour of the Lacedæmonians: to 
The carthaginians desired aid of the Lacedæmonians.  whom the Lacedæmonians sent Xantippus with a band of men, through whose means, Regulus was overcome, so that of all the army of the Romans, there escaped but two. M. only, xv. M. were taken prisoners, 
A great over throw of the Romans.  and their captain Regulus all so: thirty. M. were slain. Regulus himself was cast into prison. Then were 
Regulus taken and cast into prison. Mar. Emili. Pau. & Ser. Ful. Consuls.  Marcus Emilius Paulus, and Servius Fuluius the nobler created Consuls: both which passed over into Africa with a navy of iii C. sail. first they overcame the Afers' in 
Battle renewed by the Romans against the Cartha. The third battle on the sea. A great discon fyture of the Carthagini.  battle upon the sea: Emilius sunk a hundredth and four ships of his enemies. He took thirty. together with the men that fought in them. He slew and took prisoners besides xu M. of his enemies, and enriched his soldiers with a● exceeding great spoil. And at that time, had all Afric been subdued, had not there's chanced so great a dearth, that the soldiers could not any longer remain there: As the consuls returned 
A great dearth in Africa.  home with their victorious navy, they suffered shipwreck about the coast of Sicily. Whereas there a rose so great a tempest, that of four 
The Romans 〈◊〉 greatly by shipwreck  C. lxxriiii. ships, uneath lxxx. could be saved. Which tempest was so terrible, that the like thereof had not at any time before been heard of, upon the sea. Nevertheless the Romans forthwith renewed two hundredth 
The invincible and stout courage of the Romans.  new ships, (whose minds were not a whit dismayed with those former mishaps.) Then were created Consuls, Cneus Servilius Cepio, and Caius Sempronius Blesus 
Cne. Serui. Ce. and Ca Sem. Buy. Consuls.  who with two hundredth and lx ships, took their byage towards Africa where they won certain cities. And as they returned thence homeward 
The fourth battle on the sea.  (bringing a great spoil with them) they suffered shipwreck, Whereupon they suffered shipwreck, whereupon 
The romans. sustained shipwreck again.  the Romans finding themselves aggrieved with these continual and often damages which they sustained upon the sea, the Senators thought good, to give over that kind of battle, 
The romans purposed to give over battle on the sea. Luci. Ceci. Me. & Caius Furi. Pla. Consuls.  and to keep no more but lx. ships only, to defend Italy withal. When Lucius Cecilius Metellus, and Caius Furius Placidus were Consuls, Metellus overcame in Sicily, the captain of the carthaginians which came against them with a hundredth and xxx Elephants, and a great power of men beside. He slew 
The Cartha. discomfited.  xx. M. men, and got xxvi Elephants. The residue of his enemies which were skatred and dispersed among the Numidians, (whom he had to aid him,) he got together & brought them prisoners with great triumph to Rome and as they went, the herd of Elephants, which were a. C. and xxx in number gainsaid all the way. The The carthaginians after these so great mischances, required Regulus a captain of the Romans (whom 
The Carthasente regulus a roman to ●ntreate for peace.  before they had taken prisoner,) that he would go to Rome, and get peace for them of the Romans, and also exchange of prisoners. But Regulus when he was coe to Rome, and was brought into the Senate, did in no point behave himself as a Roman, affirming that from the day that he first fell into the hands of the carthaginians, he gave over clean the desire to be any longer a Roman: in so much that he refused the company of his own wife at Rome: and persuaded the Romans that peace should by no means be granted to the carthaginians: alleging that their minds were so quaylte with those so many mischances, that they were quite void of hope, that they should ever be able to recover again their former estate.  
And as for him, he was not worthy to be so much esteemed (being now very aged) that for his cause, and the redeminge of a few others which 
A notable example of love toward his country.  were detained prisoners, at Carthage, so many thousand of their enemies should be restored. Which request of his, at last the Romans assented unto. In so much that they would not give ear to the petition of any which came from Carthage, to entreat them for peace. Regulus soon after, returned to Carthage: whom the Romans offered to detain still at Rome. But he denied that he would remain in that city, in which he could not now have the name of an honest Citizen, sith that he had so long been among the carthaginians. Whom (after his return to Carthage,) the carthaginians with most cruel torments 
Regulus put to death.  put to death. When Publius Claudius Pulcher, and Caius junius were consuls, Claudius in an evil 
Pub. Clau. Pulcher, and Ca junius Consuls. Theromains discomfited.  time, with no less evil success, loughte a vattayle: and was overcome by the carthaginians. For setting forth with two hundredth and twenty sail, he fled with xxx ships only, lxxxx. were taken together with the men which fought in them: and the residue were sunk. There were beside, xx. thousand of the romans taken prisoners. In like manner also 
The romaye navy perished by shipwreck  the other Consul lost his navy by shipwreck: how be it he saved his army, for that the shore was near. At what time Caius Luctacius Catulus, and Aulius Posthumius 
Ca Luctatius Catu. &. aul. Posthu. albi. Consuls.  Albinus were consuls, (which was in the xxiii year after that battle was first waged with the carthaginiens,) battle was committed to the guiding and ordering of Catalus against the Africanes: who took his voyage into Sicily, with three hundredth sail: against whom the Afers' had prepared. cccc. sail ready furnished. This Catulus was some what sickly when he took shipping. For why, he was wounded in a battle a little before. The battle was fought over against Lylibeun a city of Sicily, with passing great valiantness of the Romans. They took lxxiii. of the carthaginians ships: They sank a c and. xxv, they took 
The great overthrow of the Carthaginians.  xxxii. M. men prisoners: & slew xiii M an infinite deal of gold and silver brought they to Rome: and of the Roman navy, only xii ships miscarried, which were sunk. This battle was done the vi of the Ideses of March. The carthaginians forth with desired peace, and it was granted 
Peace granted to the carthaginians.  to them. Such prisoners as the carthaginians had taken of the romans were restored. And they desired that they might ransom such prisoners as the romans had taken of theirs. The Senate therefore commanded that such of the carthaginiens, as were prisoners in the common holds, should be delivered and sent home without any ransom: & such of them as private persons had taken prisoners, should be dismyste also: and that their ransom should be answered (to those which took them) forth of the common treasury, 
The great largesse of the romans.  rather than the carthaginiens should be charged therewith. After this, were Q. Luctatius, & Aulus Manlius created consuls. They waged battle against Falisci: which had been some 
Q. luctatius & Aulus man.. Consuls.  time a wealthy city of italy. This city they won, within vi days after 
Falisci besieged and won.  they laid the assault thereto. They flew there xu M. men: to the residue they granted peace, but they deprived them of the one moitye of their lands.   

¶ The third book of the breviary of Eutropius.  
WHen the battle against the carthaginians was thus determined, which had continued by the space of xxii years, the Romans (who were now become famous,) sent Legates to Ptolomeus king of Egypt, proffering to aid him, 
Aid proffered by the Romans to Ptolomeus.  for that Antiochus king of Syria, warred against him: he thanked the Romans for their gentleness: how be it he received no aid of them, for that the battle was all ready finished. About the same time Hiero the mighty and puissant king of Sicily, came to Rome, to behold 
Corn given among the Romans by Hiero.  the Interludes there, and distributed among the people of Rome, two hundredth thousand bushels of wheat Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, & Fuluius 
Lu. Corne. Len. & Ful. Flac. Con.  Flaccus being Consuls (during whose reign Hiero came to Rome) battle was waged against the Ligurians within Italy: and triumph 
Battle against the Ligurians.  was had over them. At that time all so, the carthaginians attempted to renew battle: and persuaded in like 
War renewed by the carthaginians.  manner the Sardinians to rebel, who should have been subject to the Romans, for as much as peace was concluded between them & the romans upon the same condition. Nevertheless they sent their Ambassadors to Rome, and confirmed 
Peace granted to the carthaginians. Ci. Mau. Tor. and Ca Atti. Balbus Consuls. A triumph over the Sar.  the peace again. When Titus Manlius Torquatus, and Caius Attilius Balbus were consuls, the Romans triumphed over the Sardinians. Then the Romans concluded peace with all nations, so the now they had no manner battle in hand: which thing never happened unto them sith the first building of the city of come, but at one time only: (which was) during the reign of Numa Pompilius. When Lucius Posthumius Albinus, and Fuluius Cneus Centumalus were consuls 
Lu. Posthu. Albi. & Ful. Cueus. Cen. Consuls.  they waged battle against the Illyrians: and when they had taken many cities there, the kings yielded themselves. And that was the first triumph that the romans ever 
The first triumph over the Illyrians.  had over the Illyrians. During the time that Emilius was Consul, great armies of the Frenchmen were 
Emilius consul. Italy invaded by the Frenchmen.  come over the Alps. How be it, all Italy stood together in the defence of the romans. For as Fabius the Historician doth report, (who was himself present at that battai,) there were eight hundredth thousand men in a readiness for to have fought that battle. Nevertheless the Consul himself ended that battle with great dexterity of fortune. He slew in that battle forty thousand enemies: and there was a triumph decreed unto Emilius. A few years after, a battle was fought against 
Emilius triumphed.  the Frenchmen within italy, and it was done by Marcus Claudius Marcellus, and Cneus Cornelius Scipio, being then consuls. At 
Battle against the Frenchmen. Mar. Clau. Mar. & Cne. Corne. Sci. Consuls.  that same time, Marcellus having with him but a very small troop of horsemen, slew the king of the Frenchmen (called Viridomarus,) with his own hands. After he, and 
Viridomarus king of the Frenchmen slain by Marcellus. Millayn conquered.  his fellow consul, slew great armies of the Frenchmen. He conque●rd Milan. He brought an excea●yng great spoil with him home to Rome, and in his triumph he fastened ●he spoils which he had gotten of 
Marcellus triumphed.  the French king, to a long staves ●nde, and so bore it upon his own shoulders. In the time that Mar●us Minutius, and Publius Corne●ius 
Mar. Min. & Pub. Corne. Consuls. War with the Istrians.  were consuls, war was ●aged sore against the Istryans, for that they had rob and despoiled the ships of the Romans, which served them with grain. And they were quite subdued. The self same year, the carthaginians waged 
The second battle of the Carthagis. against the Romans, in the 560. year after the city was built, which duted by the space of xvi years. Saguntum assaulted by Annibal.  their second battle against the Romans, by Hannibal their captain, who attempted to assault Saguntum a city of spain, which was in league and friendship which the Romans. This Annibal was then of the age of twenty years, and had in his army a hundredth and fifty thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen. The Romans sent ambassadors to him, to will him to cease from battle. But he would not speak with the Legates: whereupon the Romans sent likewise to Carthage, 
How loath the Romans were to use force.  desiring that commandment might be given to Hannibal, that he should no more war upon such people as were friends and in league with the Romans. But they has shrewd answers given them by the carthaginians. In the mean season the Saguntines were famishedde, whom Hannibal (after he had got 
The Saguntines famish by Annibal.  the conquest over them) afflyeted with extreme punishments. Upon this, Publius Cornelius Scipio, went into Spain with an army, and Tiberius 
Two armies sent forth by the romans.  Sempronius into Sicily with an other, war was proclaimed against the carthaginians. Hannibal (leaving his brother Asoruball in Spain,) himself passed over Pyreneus, making his way over the Alps: at which place as yet, no way lay. It was reported that he had in 
Annibal passed the alpes.  his army which he brought with him into Italy, lxxx. M. footmen, xx. M. horsemennes, and, xxxvii. Elephants. In this space, divers Ligurianes and Frenchmen had associated themselves with Annibal. Sempronius Gracchus assoon as he understood that Annibal was come into Italy, he conveyed his army over Ariminus forth of Sicily. Pub. Cor. Scipio first encountered with Annibal: his 
Scipio discomfited by Hannibal.  men were put to flight, & himself returned wounded to his tents. Sempronius Gracchus in like manner fought with him at the riner Trebia 
Sempronius Gracchus discomfited by Hannibal.  and was discomfited. Whereupon divers in Italy for fear yielded them selves to Annibal. And as he departed thence to Thuscia, he met with Flaminius the Consul whom he slew. 
Flaminius the Consul slain by Annibal.  There were at that time xxv M. Romans slain. The residue fled. After these things, Q. Fab. Max. was sent by the Romans against Annibal. He by tracting the time and dallying broke the violence and force of Annibal: and efcsones finding opportunity, set upon him and gave him the over throw. In the. ccccc. and. xleyere after that the city of Rome was built, Lucius 
Hannibal sustained the overthrow by Q. Fa. max.  Emilius, and Publius Terentius Varro, were sent against Hannibal, and succeeded Fabius, which Fabius advertised both the consuls that they could not otherwise 
Lu. Emilius and Publi. Teren. Varro Consuls.  overcome Hannibal (who was a hot and a hasty warrior,) but only by deferring and prolonging the battle. How be it, Varro very rashly: contrary to the mind of the other Consul joined the battle, and fought at the Town called Can in Apulia: Whereas both the consuls were overcome by Hannibal. There were slain in that battle 
Both the Consuls over come by Hannibal.  three hundredth Africanes: and a great part of Hannibal his army was wounded. But no battle that 
The greatest discomfiture that ever the Romans endured by the Carthagini.  the Romans ever hadbe with the carthaginians, endamaged them so much as this.  
For why, there were slain in that battle, Emilius Paulus then consul, and twenty other of the order of consuls and Pretoures: of the Senators there were taken and slain xxx noble men, to the number of three hundredth: soldiers to the number of xl M. and iii M. and five hundredth gentlemen beside. For all which great mischance, there was not yet any one among the Romans which made any mention of 
The great stoutness of the romans.  peace making with the carthaginians. The bondmen in Rome were made free, and appointed for soldiers: 
The bondmen in Rome manumist.  which thing never happened erst there. After that battle, many cities in italy which before were under the obeisance of the Romans, fell from them to Hannibal.  
Then Annibal proffered the Romans that they should redeem such 
Annibal proffered the Romans to redeem their prisoners. The great stoutness of the romans.  soldiers of theirs, as he had taken prisoners. To whom the Romans and the Senators answered that those were not to be accounted as necessary citizens, which when they were armed, would be taken prisoners: upon which answer, Hannibal slew them all with sundry punishments, and sent home to Carthage three bushels full of rings, which he pluck of from the hands 
A passing great murder of the romans.  of the Gentlemen and senators, and soldiers of the Romans. Asdrubal also his brother whom he left behind him in Spain with a great army (to the end he might bring all that country in subjection to the Africanes,) sustained an overthrow by the two Scipio's which were captains of the Romans, he 
Asdrubal overcome by the two. Scipios.  lost in that battle xxxv M. men, of which the Romans took prisoners, x. M. and slew twenty M. But the carthaginians to strengthen him again, sent him out of hand xii M. footmen, and. iiii M. horsemen, and xx. Elephants. In the four year after that Hannibal invaded italy, Marcus Claudius Marcellus then Consul 
Mar. Clau. Marcel. Consul.  fought against him with passing good fortune at Nola a city of Campania. Annibal had by this time gotten many cities there from the Romans in Apulia, Calabria, & among the Brutians. At that time, Philip king of Macedon by his Legates (whom he sent to Hannibal) proffered that he 
Philip proffered to aid Hannibal against the Romans.  would aid him against the Romans: Upon condition that after he had overcome the Romans, he might in like manner have assistance of Hannibal against the Grecians. But the Romans by chance apprehended the Legates of king Philip, and understood by them the whole matter. Where upon, they willed Marcus Valerius Levinus to go into Macedon: and Titus Manlius Torquatus then being Proconsul, into Sardinia: for that Province also through the alluring of Hannibal, was fallen from the Romans. And thus at one 
Battle waged in four several places by the Romans.  time, fought the Romans in four several places rogether. In Italy against Annibal. In Spain against his brother Asdrubal. In Macebonie against Philip. In Sardinia against the Sardinians, and an other Asdrubal a Carthaginien. This Asdrubal was taken by Titus Manlius the Proconsul, who was sent into Sardinia against him: he also slew there xii. M. of his enemies, and took a M. and D prisoners. Thus was Sardinia subdued by the Romans, and Manlius as a conqueror brought 
Sardinia sub dued by the romans.  Asdrubal and those other prisoners with him to Rome. In this while, Philip was also overcome by Levinus in Macedon. And Asdrubal the 
Philip over come.  second brother to Annibal, and Mago his third brother were by the two Scipiocs 
Asdrubal and mago overcome.  overcome in Spain. In the tenth year after that Hannibal invaded Italy, at what time. Pub. Sul. & Cne. Ful. were consuls, Annibal approached with in. 4. miles of the city of Rome: & his 
Pub. Sul. & Cne. Fulu●us Consuls.  horsemen were come to the very gates. But forthwith for dread of the Consuls which came against him with a great host, he retired back to Campania. Soon after, his brother Asdrubal flew hothe the Scipios in Spain: which by the space of many 
The ii Scipio● slain by Asdrubal in Spain.  years had been conquerors there. Nevertheless, their army remained whole. For why, they were rather beguiled by train, then vanquished by manhood. At this time, a great part of Sicily was recovered by Marcellus the Consul: which country the Afers' began as than to possess: and from Siracusa the most famous City thereof, he brought an exceeding great spoil to Rome. Levinus made league and joined friendship with Philippus Macedon: 
Friendship joined with Philip by Levinus.  and with divers other cities in Grece beside: & with Attalus king of Asia. And by the way as he went marching toward Sicily, he discomfited and took prisoner Annones a captain of the carthaginians, at the 
Annones taken prisoner.  city Agrigentum, together with the city itself: and sent him to Rome among those other prisoners. There were yielded up unto him xl cities. He conquered xxvi other cities. Thus when all Sicily was recovered, and Macedon in such sort shaken and quailed, he returned to Rome with great renown. afterward Hannibal assaulting Cneus 
Cneus Fuluius slain by Annibal.  Fuluius at unwares being then in italy, slew him and viii. M. men besides. In the mean space, Publius 
Pub. Corne. Scipio sent into Spain.  Cornelius Scipio son of Publius Scipio, was sent into spain: where (after that the two Scipios were slain,) no captain of the Romans was left. He waged battle there, being but of the age of xxiiii years. One who of all the Romans that were either in his days or any 
Great commendation of Scipio.  time sith, might worthily be adjudged the chiefest.  
He won Carthage in spain, where the africans had all their gold and Silver, and furniture for war 
Carthage in spain won.  remaining. Furthermore he sent to Rome, the most noble hostages which he had received of the Spaniards. He took also prisoner, Mago Annibal his brother, and sent him to 
mago scent prisoner to rome  Rome with the residue. There was great mirth demeaned at Rome after these news. Scipio restored to their parents, their sons whom he had received for pledges before. Where upon, in manner all the spaniards with one assent took part with Scipio against Hannibal. After these things, he subdued and put to flight Asdrubal Hannibal his brother, and got there a great spoil. 
Asdrubal discomfited.  In this mean space, Quintus Fabius Maximus the Consul, (being as then in italy) recovered Tarentum, in which were then remaining 
Tarentum recovered.  great armies of Annibal: and there he slew also Carthalon captain to Hannibal. He sold xxv thousand prisoners, and divided the spoil among 
Carthalon slain.  his soldiers, and the money which he received for the men which he sold, he brought to the common tresor of the Romans. Then many cities of the Romans which erst had yielded themselves to Hannibal, did again submit themselves to Fabius Maximus. The year following, Scipio wrought notable feats 
Scipio, his good success in his affairs  in Spain: there he (what through the aid of his brother Lucius Scipio, & what through his own valiantness,) recovered lxx cities. Howbeit they had evil success in that battle which they fought in Italy. For why Claudius Marcellus being then consul) 
Clau. mar. consul slain.  was slain there by Hannibal. In the third year after that, Scipio went again into Spain, and achieved worthy things there. He vanquished the king of Spain in a great battle, 
The king of Spain discomfited.  and afterward concluded friendship with him, without requiring any pledges of him after he was subdued, whereas all others used after they had vanquysht any, to take pledges of them whom they had so overcome. Then Hannibal fearing that he should not be able any longer to detain Spain against Scipio, or to withstand his force, sent for his 
Asdrubal sent for forth of Spain.  brother Asdrubal withal his army from thence. And as Asdrubal would have passed that same way as Hannibal did forth of Spain into Italy ward, he fell into the embushmentes which of set purpose were laid for him by Appius Claudius Nero, and 
Asdrubal slain.  Marcus Livius Salinator: at which place manfully fighting and defending himself, he was slain: and his great army which he had with him, was all together taken either or slain: and a great quantity of treasure was brought to Rome. after those things, Hannibal began clean to despair of the success of the battle: and courage accrued & grew to the Romans. whereupon they sent for Publius cornelius Scipio 
Scipio sent for forth of Spain.  forth of Spain: who came to Rome with great glory. When Quintus Cecilius and Lucius Valerius were consuls, all those cities among 
Q. Cecilius and L. Valerius Consuls.  the Brutians, which before fell from the Romans to Annibal, yielded themselves again to the Romans. In the xiiii year after that Annibal had invaded italy, Scipio who had luckily achieved things in 
Scipio created Consul.  Spain: was created consul, and sent into Africa. This Scipio was adjudged to be inspired with some divine spirit. In so much that men thought he had conference with the celestial powers. He fought in Africa against Anon a captain of the carthaginians and slew his army. In the second battle he took his tents, and four M. and .v. C. soldiers, and slew xi M. He took Siphar. the king of Numidie prisoner, who had joined himself in aid with the Afers': and invaded his tents & sack 
Syphar king of Numidie take prisoner.  them: and sent Siphar together with the most noble men of Numidie to Rome and an infinite spoil: which thing so soon as it was understood, all Italy well nigh forsook Annibal, whom the carthaginians willed to return and succour Affrycke, 
Annibal willed to return home into Afrycke.  which as then Scipio despoiled. Thus in the xvii year all Italy was delivered from the terror of Hannibal. The Legates of the carthaginians desired peace of Scipio: and by him they were sent to Rome to the 
Peace desired by the carthaginians.  Senate. Truce was made with them during the space of xl days: until such time as they might repair to Rome, and return from thence again. In consideratyon where of, they gave the Romans xxx thousand pounds. And when they had exponed their cause to the Senate▪ answer was made to them, that according to the advise of Scipio, peace should be granted them, referring the matter wholly to Scipio: by whom it was granted upon these condityons. That they should give the Romans five C. thousand pounds of silver: and that they should moreover, 
The conditions of peace with the carthaginians.  rastore to the Romans such prisoners as they had taken of theirs, and such as were fled from the Romans to them.  
While these things were in talk, Annibal as he returned into afric, infringed the league, for he and his army wrought divers things by 
The league broken by Hannibal.  the way as they went, contrary to the peace concluded upon, and as enemies. The Legates of the Carthaginyens were apprehended by the Romans: as they returned from Rome.  
But they were by the commandment of Scipio straightway dismiste again. Not long after, Annibal himself being sore wearied with those continual battles, desired peace: 
Annibal desired peace.  which when it came to be treated of, it was granted upon the same conditions as it was before: and to the precedent conditions of payment of .v. M. pounds of silver, was annexed the penalty of payment of a C. M. pounds beside, for that new breach of league by him committed. The conditions displeased the carthaginians. Where upon they willed Annibal to fight it out. War was waged against the carthaginians, 
The condityons of the peacemisliked the carthaginians.  by Scipio, and Masinissa king of the Numidians, who had joined friendship with the Romans. Annibal sent three espies to the tents of Scipio: which when they were apprchended by the Romans, Scipio commanded they should be led about through the tents, and that all his army should be showed them. Then that they should be feasted, and so dismissed, to the end they might recount to Hannibal, what they had seen among the Romans. In the mean time, preparance of battle was made by the captains on cche party, such as uneath any man could ever remember the like. At which time both those expert men of war and valiant captains led forth their armies into the field. Scipio returned conqueror: and at that time had he well nigh taken 
Hannibal greatly discomlyted.  Hannibal himself also: who at the first escaped and fled with a great company of horsemen: but being pursued, they were all slain, saving xu 
Annibal sustained a great over throw.  only. And at the last, he fled but with iiii. alone. There was found in the tents of Hannibal, xx. M. pounds of silver, and of gold eight hundredth 
Peace graveted to the carthaginians.  thousand: of other stuff great store. After that skirmish, peace was concluded with the carthaginians: Scipio returned to Rome, and with 
Scipio triumphed and was called Affricanus. The second battle with the Carthaginiens finished.  great glory triumphed: and from that time was he called Africanus. Thus was the second battle with the Carthagidiens finished in the xix year after the first commencement thereof. ¶ (⸫) ⁋   

¶ The fourth book of the Breviary of Eutropius.  
WHen the battle against the carthaginians was finished, there ensued battle in Macedon against Philip who was king ther. In the. ccccc. and li year after the building of the City Titus Quintius Flaminius was sent against king 
Titus Quintius Flaminius sent against Philip.  Philip, and had good success. He granted peace to Philip upon these conditions: That he should not make war upon any of those cities which were by the Romans received under 
Peace granted to Philip  protection: that he should moreover restore all such Romans as he had taken prisoners, & such as had fled also from them to him: & that he should keep but l. ships only: the residue of his fleet he should deliver up to the Romans. Furthermore, that he should yearly by the space of ten years, pay to the romans four M. pounds of silver, and deliver him his son Demetrius for a pledge, for performance of these covenants. Titus Quintius waged battle also against the Lacedæmonians, and vanquished their captain 
Battle against the Lacedæmonians.  Nabides: who submitted himself to Quintius upon what condityons he would. And as he returned 
Nabides yielded himself.  thence homeward with great glory, there were led before his chariot, the worthy hostages which he had gotten, (that is to weet) Demetrius son to king Philip, and Armenes Nabides his son: After that the Macedonian battle was finished, there ensued war in Syria against 
War in Syria.  king Antiochus: During the time that Publius Cornelius Scipio and Marcus Attilius Glabrio were Consuls. 
Pub. Corne. Scipio, and M. Attilius Glabrio Consuls.  Annibal took part with Antiochus, forsaking his own country for fear least that his renewing of battle might seem to have been a breach of the league before made between his country men and the Romans. Marcus Attilius Glabria had good success in Achaia: He invaded and took the tents of king Antiochus by night▪ and put him to flight: and for that Philip aided the Romans against Antiochus, he delivered unto him his son Demetrius. 
Demetrius restored to his farther king Philip.  when Lucius Cornelius Scipio and Caius Lelius were consuls, Scipio who was also surnamed Africanus was sent unto his brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio, than consul, to aid him against Antiochus: Hannibal who was with Antiochus on his side, was discomfited in battle upon the sea. afterward, Antiochus 
Annibal discomfited in battle on the sea.  himself was put to flight in a very great battle, by Cornelius Scipio the Consul at Sipilus Magnesia a City of Asia. Eumenes' king 
Antiochus' put to flight.  Attalus his brother, who builded Eumenia in Phrigia, aided the Romans in the battle. There were slain in that battle on king Antiochus his side, l. M. footmen, and four M horsemen. Then king Antiochus desired peace, which the Senate granted him upon 
Antiochus' desired peace.  the same conditions as they did tofore, (though he was now overcome:) which was that he should avoid forth of Europe and Asia, & meddle no farther but within the precinet of Taurus: Moreover the he should give to the Romans ten M. talentes, and xxx pledges for thassurance of his promise. And finally that he should deliver Hannibal to them, who had been the only procurer of the battle. Then the Senate gave to Eumenesal 
The liberality of the Romans.  those cities of Asia which Antiochus had lost in battle: and divers other cities were also granted to the Rhodians for that they had assisted the Romans against Antiochus. Scipio then returned to Rome, and with great glory triumphed: and obtained also a surname like as his brother had before: which 
Scipio triumphed, & was called Asiaticus.  was, to be called Asi●a●●us for the subduing of Asia, like as his brother was called Africanus for that he conquered Africa. When S. Posthumius Albinus and Q. Martius Philippus were Consuls, Marcus Fuluius triumphed over the 
S. Posthumius Albinus, and Q Martius Philippus Consuls  ●●etolians. Assoon as Antiochus was overcome, (Annibal fearing lest he should be delivered to the Romans) fled to Prusias king of Bythinia: at 
Hannibal fled to Prusias king of Bithynia.  whose hands he was required again by T Quintus Flaminius. Whereupon, when he saw there was no remedy, but that he should come into the hands of the Romans: he drank 
Annibal poisoned himself.  poison, and so died: and lieth buried at Lybissa, which is in the bor●ers of the Nicomedienses. Sun after Philip died also: who had both ●varred against the Romans, and 
Philip died.  assisted them also against Antiochus: Then his son Perseus' rebels in Macedon: where he had assembled a great army ready appointed and furnished for war: whom Cotis 
War renewed in Macedony by Perseus king there.  king of Illiria, aided against the Romans. But the Romans had to assist them, Eumenes king of Asia: Atlarates king of Cappadocia: Antiochus king of Syria, Ptolomeus king of Egipte: and Masinisla king of Numidia. But Prusias king of Bithynia, although he had espoused the sister of Perseus, yet he demeaned himself indifferently between both parts, helping neither of them both. Publius Licinius who was then Consul, was deputed captain on the 
P Licinius the Consul vanquished.  Romans side, and was vanquished by the king, in a great battle. Yet would not the Romans grant the king peace when he desired it, (all though they themselves had sustained the overthrow at his hands,) but upon condition that he would submit himself, and all his, to the Senate and the people of Rome. Sun after, Lucius Emilius Paulus the Consul was sent against him, 
L. Emilius Paulus Consul.  and Caius Anitius the Praetor was sent into Illyria against Gentius. But Gentius was easily overcome in one battle: and shortly after, yielded himself. His mother, his wife, his two sons and his brother, were taken prisoners by the Romans. And thus within the space of xxx days, was that battle ended. For the Romans knew that they should have the upper hand over Gentius or ever that they had joined battle with him. Paulus Emilius the Consul, fought with Perseus the fourth 
Perseus' overcome.  day of September and overcame him. There were then slain on Perseus his side twenty M. footmen. But the whole troop of horse men remained safe with the king. The Romans lost in that battle a hundredth soldiers. All the cities of Macedon which the king possessed, submitted themselves to the Romans. The king when he understood, the his friends had forsaken him, yielded himself to Paulus 
Perseus' yielded himself to the Romans.  Emilius, by whom he was entreated honourably, & not as a vanquished man. For when the king would have prostrate himself at Paulus his feet, he did not only refuse that he should so 
Notable clemency of Emilius.  submit himself, but placed him in a chair fast besides him. He granted the Macedonians and the Illyrians, that they should from thence forward befre. And that they should be charged with the payment but of th'one moiety of those tributes and impositions which they were before assessed to pay to their kings: To the end it might appear, that the Romans 
The Romans contented minds with small lucre.  warred more for equity (& justice, than for avarice and desire of luere: which words, Paulus pronounced a great assemble of people: and at that time he desired th'ambasssadors of sundry nations which were with him to an exceeding sumptuous feast: affirming that it appertained to a man to show himself not only victorious in battle, but that it was also sitting for him to be neat and expert in feasting and entertaining of strangers. Sun after, he received again under obeisance lxx cities of Epirus, which before had rebelled. He distributed the spoil among the soldiers. Then returned he again to Rome, in a ship of king Perseus, which was reported to be of a marvelous greatness, so y● as the report went, it had xvi rows of oars. He triumphed royally, carried in a golden chariot with his ii sons standing on each side of him. There werled before his chariot, the kings ii sons & Perseus himself being 
Emilius triumphed.  of th'age of xlv years. There followed lying in the triumph Caius Anitius, who then also triumphed over the Illirians.  
Gentius and his brother, and his sons, were led before his chariot. There came to Rome kings for the of sundry countries to behold this sight. Among whom were Attalus 
In what admiratyon the Romans were had of strangers.  and Eumenes kings of Asia, and Prusias king of Bithynia, who were received and entreated by the Romans very honourably: and through the permission and sufferance of the Senate, the gifts and presents which they brought with them, were set up in the Capitol. And Prusias committed his son Nicomedes to the government and ordering of the Senators. In the year following, Lucius Manlius fought a battle in Spain, with good success. And after him, Marcellus the Consul had good chance there also. Then was the third battle taken in hand against the carthaginians, in the year after 
The third battle against the carthaginians.  the building of Rome, six hundredth and one: at which time, Lucius Manlius Censorinus, and Marcus Manlius were Consuls: which in the li year after that the second battle against them was finished. The Consuls took then their voyage to invade Carthage. Asdrubal a captain of the carthaginians was sent forth against them, and Famea an other of their captains had the conducting of the horsemen: At that time, Scipio who was nephew to Scipio Africanus, was by the Romans deputed general of the army. Him did all the army both reverence and fear. For why, he was a captain passing ready 
Notable commendation of Scipio.  in battle, and therewithal very circumspect. Through whose policies the Consuls achieved many things very fortunately. And there was nothing that either Asdrubal or Famea so much sought to avoid, as they did to fight against that wing of the Roman 
Misinissa deceased.  army where Scipio was. About this time, died Misinissa, who was in league with the Romans, after that he had lived. lxxxxvii. years and left behind him xliiii sons. Among whom, he appointed Scipio, to distribute his kingdom. No we when as the name and renown of Scipio waxed famous, he was created Consul, being as yet but a young man: and was sent forth to assault Carthage. He won it and pluck it 
Carthage assaulted by Scipio.  down to the ground. Such spoils as he found there, (which the carthaginians before time had gotten at the subversion of divers Cities,) together with the monuments of sundry towns of Sicily, he restored again to those cities, from whence the said spoils were taken: Among which, every city knew such things as sometime had been their own. Thus was Carthage overthrown in the vii C. year after that it was first built. Scipio 
Scipio merited to be called Africanus the younger.  merited to have the name which his grandfather before him wan, (which was, for his valiantness and prowess to be called Affricanus the younger.) In this mean space, one usurping falsely upon him the name of Philip, attempted war against the Romans in Macedonie: & gave Publius Iwencius praetor of Rome, the overthrow, who was sent against him: & 
Iwencius discomfited.  made such slaughter of his men, that scant he let one escape a live of all his army. After him, Q. Cecilius Metellus was deputed captain, & sent forth against this falls named Philip. Who when he had slain xxv M. of his men, recovered Macedon, and took prysonner the said Phillippe. At this time war was also proclaimed against Corinthus, the worthiest city of all Grece, for thal they had injuried 
Corinthus over thrown.  the Legates of the Romans. Mummius the Consul won it, and pluck it down to the ground. And so were there three notable triumphs 
Three triumphs at ones at Rome.  had together at one time at Rome. The one by Scipio, forth of Africa: before whose chariot Asoruball was led. An other, by Metellus forth of Macedon, before whose chariot Andriscus was led, which was that false named and counterfeited Philip. The third triumph was by Mummius over the Corinthiaus: before whom were carried the brazen ensigns, and painted tables, and other the ornaments of that most famous city. There was yet again another, who falsely named himself Perseus in Macedon: affirming that he was son to that other Perseus of whom we spoke before: when he had assembled an army of bondmen, to the number of xvii M. men of arms he was conquered by Tremillus the 
Perseus' conquered by Tremillus.  Questor. At the same time, Metellus achieved notable enterprises in Biskay awong the spaniards. Quintus Pompeius succeeded him there. And not long after, Quintus Cepio was also sent forth against one Viriatus, which waged battle in Portugal against the Romans. But 
Battle in Portugal by one Viriatus  Viriatus his men, dreading the force of the Romans, slew Viriatus: which was he that had stirred up the Spaniards to war against the Romans, by the space of xiiii. years. This Viriatus was first a shepherd, soon after, he became a Captain among robbers and thieves: And at the last, he stirred up such nations to war against the Romans, that he became to be called Protector of Spain against the Romans.  
Then they who slew this Viriatus, 
The Romans detested treason.  demanded of Cepio the Consul, what reward they should have for their fact. Who answered that it never pleased the Romans, to have any captain slain by his own soldiers. 
Q. Pompeius the Consul overcome  Then was Quintus Pompeius, who was also Consul, discomfited by the citizens of Numantia: which was the worthiest City of Spain: and made with them a reproachful peace. After him Caius Hostilius 
I reproachful league.  Mancinus the Consul, made again with the Numantines, an infamous 
Caius Hostilius Mancinus the Consul discomfited.  league. But the Senate & people of Rome, commanded forthwith that the peace should be infringed, & that Mancinus should be delivered to his enemies, to th'end they might wreak the injury of the breach of peace on him who was the author of making the same. After this so great infamy, that the people of Rome were twice discomfited by the Numantines, Publius Scipio 
P. Scipio Consul.  (who was also named Affricanus,) was created Consul the second time: and was sent to Numantia: He by exercising and well trading up the Roman soldiers rather then by punishing them, reformed them very well, who through the guiding of evil captains were now become slothful and cowardly. Sun after be got many cities in Spain: of which, some he won in battle: some were yielded up to him. At length, after that he had of long time besieged Numantia, he famished it, and so won it. The residue of that province, he received under protection. At that time, Attalus king of Asia brother to king Eumenes died, and made the people of Rome his heir: And so by Testament was Asia annexed to the Empire of the Romans. Not long after, Decimus junius Brutus, triumphed with great glory over the Calesianes and the Portugals: and Publius Scipio Africanus had his second triumph which was over the Numantines in the xiiii year after that he had first triumphed over Africa. In this mean space, Aristonicus son to Eumenes whom 
War in Asia by Aristonicus.  he begat upon his concubine stirred up war in Asia. That Eumenes was brother to king Attalus.  
There was seen against this Aristonicus, Publius Lucinius Crassus, who was aided of sundry kings. For why, Nicomedes king of Bythinia, Mithridates' king of Pontus, (between whom and the Romans was waged afterwards most sharp and cruel war), Ariarathes king of Cappadocia, and Pilemenes king of Paphlagonia assisted the Romans. How be it, Crassus was overcome and slain in that battle, his head was stricken of and brought to 
Crassus slain.  Aristonicus: and his body was buried at Smirne. Afterward Perpemia Consul of Rome, (who succeeded Crassus) hearing of the success of the battle, hasted towards Asia: he vanquished Aristonicus in battle 
Aristonicus vanquished.  and enforced him to flee to the city Stratonice: where famishinge him he caused him to yield. This Aristonicus was throttled in prison by the commandment of the Senate, for that Perpenna could not triumph 
Perpenna the Consul died.  over him, because he died at Troy, by the way as he returned homewards. Lucius Cecilius Metellus, and Titus Quintius Flaminius being 
L. Cecilius Metellus & T. Quintius Flaminius Consuls. Carthage reedefyed.  Consuls, Carthage was by the commandment of the Senate re-edified in Africa: (which doth yet to this day remain) in the xxii year after that it was overthrown by Scipio. Thither went divers Citizens of Rome to dwell, In the vi C. and xxvii year after the building of the city of Rome, Caius Cassius Longinus, and Sextus Domitius Calvinus, were created Consuls. They waged battle against the Frenchmen, 
Battle against the Frenchmen.  which inhabited on the farther side of the Alps: and against the most noble city of the Auernians: and against Bituitus king there. They slew an infinite multitude of 
A great slaughter by the Roman of french men.  frenchmen, fast by the river of Roan. There was brought to Rome a great tresor of the very chains only, which were gotten at the despoiling of the frenchmen. Bituitus yielded himself to Domitius, and was by him brought unto Rome: & with great glory both the Consuls triumphed. When Marcus 
M. Portius Cato, and Q. Mar●ius Consul.  Portius Cato, & Quintus Martius Rexwer Consuls, which was in the vi c. and xxxiii year after the building of the city of Rome, Narbona in France, 
Narbona inhabited.  was inhabited and stored with people. afterward when Lucius Metellus and Quintus Mutius Scevola 
L. Metellus and Q. Mutius Scevola Consuls.  were Consuls, they triumphed over a great part of Slavonia, which is now called Dalinatia. In the vi c and xxxv year after the building of the city of Rome, Caius Cato then 
Caius Cato Consul.  Consul, warred against the Scordiscians', with great reproach to him. When Caius Cecilius Metellus, and 
The two Metelli triumphed. Ca Cecilius Metellus. & Cne. Carbe Censuls.  Cneus Carbo were Consuls, the two brothers Metelli triumphed both in one day. The one over Thracia, and the other over Sardinia. About that time, news came to Rome, that the Danes and people of Norway were 
The Danes arrived in Italy.  arrived in italy. When Publius Scipio Nasica and Lucius Calphurnius Bestia were Consuls, war was 
P. Scipio Nasica, & L. Calphurnius Bestia Consuls.  waged against jugurthe king of the Numidians, for that he had slain Adherbal and Hiempsal, Micipsa his sons, and brothers to jugurthe, which were each of them kings and friends to the Romans. There 
W●● against jugurth.  was sent against him, Calphurnius Bestia the Consul: who being corrupted with money which the king gave him, concluded a dysworshipfull peace with him: which was by the Senate forth with infringed again. In the year following, Spurius Albinus Posthumius was also sent against juxsgurth: who fought likewise against the Numidians with great dishonour, committing the battle to his brother's guiding. Then thirdly there was deputed to go against him, Quintus Cecilius Metellus the Consul, who reform 
Q. Cecilius Metellus Consuil.  the army with great sobriety and wisdom: using no manner of rigour or cruelty to any man: but by lenity reduced them to the valiant courage of the romans. He discomfited jugurth in sundry battles: He slew and took all his Elephants: and when he was now at the very point 
jugurth discomfited.  to have finished his battles, Caius Marius succeeded him, and overcame both jugurthe, and also Bocchus king of Mauritania, who assisted jugurth. 
jugurth and Bocchus vanquished.  He won sundry towns in Numidia, and so finished he those battles: Then jugurth was taken by Lucius Sylla lieutenant general of the army: a man of great prowess and stout courage, to whom Bocchus delivered jugurth: whose 
jugurth taken.  part before he had taken against the Romans. At this time these triumphs were had at Rome. One, by Marcus junius who vanquished the Danes in France. An other, by Minutius Rufus, who overcame the Scordiscians' and Triballians in Macedon. And an other by Servilius 
Five triumphs at Rome together.  Cepio, who subdued the Portugals in spain: and two other triumphs which were gotten over jugurth. The one by Metellus, and the other by Marius. But jugurthe with his two sons was led prisoner before the chariot of Marius fettered in 
jugurth throttled in prison.  chains: and within a while after, he was by the commandment of the Consuls throttled in prison. ¶ (⸫) ⁋   

¶ The fifth book of the Breviary of Eutropius.  
IN the mean while that battle was waged in Numidia against jugurth the Roman Consuls Marcus 
M. Manlius and Q. Cepio Consuls.  Manlius and Quintus Cepio were overcome by the Danes, the Almains, the Swysers, and Ambroves: which (were people of germany, and France.) They had this overthrow fast besides the river of Rouen: where was made so great slaughter of them, that there escaped scant one away a live. And well nigh they had lost at that time, their tents 
A great over throw of the Romans.  and the most part of their army. Here upon, so great fear invaded the Romans, as unneathe they sustained the like whilst Hannibal lived, and the Carthaginian battle yet endured: (doubting not a little, least the French men should again have gotten the City of Rome).  
Where upon, Marius after that 
Marius' assigned to fight battle with the Danes.  he had got the victory over jugurthe, was created Consul the second time, and appointed to go forth to battle against the Danes and Almains: And for that this battle with the days continued still, he was made Consul the third and fourth time also. But in the fourth year of his consulship, Quintus Luctatius Catulus was deputed to be his colleague. Where upon, he joined battle with the Danes: and in two battles he slew two hundredth thousand of 
The Danes greatiye discom●yeed.  his enemies. He took four score thousand prisoners: and their captain Theutobodus with them prisoners.  
For which fact, he was in his absence, made Consul the fifth time. In this while, the Danes and Almains of whom there remained as yet great store in those parties, were passed over into Italy: with whom Caius Marius, and Quintus Catulus encountered again: but the matter fell forth more luckily on Catulus his side. For in that battle which Marius and Catulus fought jointly together, there were slain of their adversaries, (what in fight, & what as they fled,) to the number of a C. and xl M. men. And there were taken prisoners lx. M. beside. And of the Roman soldiers, were slain of either army, no more but ccc men only. There were won in that battle from the Danes xxxiii ancients: of 
The battle with the Dance and Almains finished. Both the Consuls triumphed.  which Marius his host won two, and Catulus his army xxxi Thus was that battle finished, and a triumph granted too either of the Consuls. When Sextus julius Cesar and Lutius Martius Philippus were Consuls, in the vi C l and lr. 
S. Inlius Cesar, and L. Martius Philippus Consuls.  year after that the city was built, & that now all other battles were almost fully ended, the Picentines, the Scythians, and the Pelignians began a grievous battle in Italy: who 
A grievous battle in Italy.  when of long time they had been subject, and under the obeisance of the Romans, they began now to claim equal and like liberty with the Romans themselves. This was a very dangerous battle. In it Publius Rutilius the Consul slain. Cepio a worthy young man and 
P. Rutilius, and Portius Cato Consuls and Cepioslayne.  Portius Cato the other consul were slain also: Captains against the Romans on the Picentines and Seythians side, were Titus Vietius, Hierus Asinius, Titus Herennius, and Aulus Cluentius. And Caius Marius on the behalf of the Romans, 
Marius' vi. time's Consul a row.  sought against them with exceeding prosperous fortune. Marius had now been vi times Consul. There was sent with him also Cneus Pompeiꝰ But especially among other, L. Cornelius Sylla wrought at the time notable feats: Among which his famous gests, this is one worthy to be had in mory: that he discomfited in such sort the army of Cluentius which was very populous, that of his own men, he lost not one. This war continued by the space of. 4. years, not without great damage and loss to either party. At last, it was finished in the. 5. year after it was first commenced, by L. cornelius 
L. cornelius Sylla Consul.  Sylla then Consul: who in the same battle, worthily behaved himself sundry ways, when as yet he was but praetor. In the vi C. and xlii year after the building of the city, began 
The first civil battle at Rome.  the first civil battle in Rome: And that same year also, began the battle against Mithridates. Thoccasion of 
Battle against Mithridates.  the civil battle proceeded of Caius Marius who had been vi times Consul. 
Marius' causer of the first civil war at Rome upon indignation taken, that Silla was preferred to fight that battle against Mithridates  For when Silla (who was now Consul,) was sent forth to war against Mithridates, (who had already gotten Asia & Achaia,) & stayed his army for a while in Campania, Marius (to th'end the memory of the battle which before Silla and he waged jointly in Italy, might be extinguished and decay,) made iaboure to the Senate that he might himself alone have the ordering and disposing of that battle so attempted against Mithridates. Where upon Sylla conceiving displeasure, returned again back to the City withal his army, and fought there against Marius and Sulpitius. Himself first entered the city of Rome, 
Sulpitius' slain, & Marcus put to flight.  and slew there Sulpitius: and forced Marius to i'll thence. And so when he had appointed Cneus Octavius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna to be Consuls 
Cne. Octavius. & L. Cornelius Cinna Consuls.  for the year following, he took his journey toward Asia.  
For Mithridates' king of Pontus, had gotten now both Armenia the less, and all the sea called Ponticum in compass, and Bosphorus also. This Mithridates would first have driven Nicomedes forth of Bithynia, 
The presence of Mithridates battle.  who was friend to the Romans: And upon that, gave the romans to understand that he would make war upon the said Nicomedes, for that he had sundry ways endamaged 
The assured friendship of the Romans  him. To whom the Senate made answer, that if it were so that he warred against Nicomedes, he should also feel the force of the Romans. Whereupon Mithridates being moved with anger, forthwith invaded all Cappadocia, and expulsed from thence, king Ariobarsanes, who was friend to the Romans. Sun after, be set upon Bythinia and Paphlagonia, and exiled thence Pilemenes and Nicomedes who were kings there, and likewise friends to the Romans. From thence he went to Ephesus, and sent letters through all Asia, that where so ever any citizens of Rome might be found, they should be all slain forth of hand. In the mean space Athenes a city of Achaia 
Athens yielded ●o mithridates.  was yielded up to Mithridates by one Ariston an Athenien. For Mithridates had all ready sent Archelaus his captain with a. C. and twenty M horsemen and foremen to over run and bring all Greece in subjection. Sylla be sieged Archelaus at Pireneus, not far from Athens, and wan the city. afterward, he joined battle with Archelaus: in which he discomfited him in such sort, that of his C. and twenty M. men, scant ten were left 
Great discomfiture of mythridates.  alive with Archelaus: and of Sylla his army, were slain but xiiii persons only. When Mithridates had understanding of this chance of battle, forth of hand, he sent to Archelaus lxx M. well appointed men, whom he chose as chiefest through out all Asia. Against whom, Silla fought again. And in the first battle he slew twenty M. of his enemies, and Diogenes also. Archelaus his son. In 
Diogenes Archelaus his son slain.  the second battle, all the whole force and power of Mithridates was quite discomfited. Archelaus himself was constrained to fly, and to hide himself naked in the fens and 
Archelaus narrowly escaped.  marshes by the space of three days, when Mithridates heard these tidings, he began to treat with Sylla for peace. In this while also Sylla had partly subdued in battle, and 
Mithridates' desired peace.  partly received again under obeisance, the Dardanians, the Scordiscians', the slavonians, and the Moesians. But when the Legates were come from Mithridates to him which desired peace, Sylla answered that he would not grant peace in any wise, unless the king would depart thence to his own country, and yield up such Provinces as he now detained there. Nevertheless, 
Peace concluded between Mithridates and the Romans.  at length both the parties themselves came to talk, and peace was concluded between them. For Silla feared least that if he should return to repress the civil wars at Rome, he should also stand in jeopardy of invasion, at his back by Mithridates.  
For during this while that Silla warred upon Mithridates in Asia and Achaia, Marius (whom Silla had before constrained to flee the city,) and Cinna one of the Consuls, renewed battle in italy, and entering into the city of Rome, they slew the most noble men 
Marrius his great crueity.  of the Senate and Consuls: and many they banished. They despoiled Silla his house, and drove his wife and his sons, to fly forth of the City.  
All the residue of the Senate, leaving the city of their own accord, fled to Sylla into Grece: and besought him, that he would without farther delay succour his country. Sylla 
Sylla returned to pacify things in Italy, du●ynge which time marius died.  therefore forthwith transposed his army from thence into Italy: minding to wage a civil battle against Norbane and Scipio the consuls. He fought the first battle with Norbane 
Narbane and Scipio Consuls.  not far from Capua, where he slew seven. thousand of Norban his army: and took vi. M. prisoners: and lost of his own men, to the number of a. C. and xxiiii soldiers. From thence, he turned his army against Scipio: and or ever they came to handy gripes, all Scipio his army yielded themselves to Sylla without any bloodshed. Then were the Consuls changed at Rome: and Marius 
Marius, and Papirius Carbo Consuis.  son to that other Marius, (who was causer of this civil war) and Papirius Carbo were made Cousuls. Sylla fought against Marius the younger, and slew xu M. of his men, and lost. cccc. of his own. Sun after, he entered the city: and pursuing young Marius unto Preneste, besieged him there, and slew him. He had again 
Marius the younger slain.  an other battle with Lamponius & Carinates, which were captains on Marius his side, at Collina gate. There were by report assembled in that battle against Silla lxxx M. of which xii M. yielded themselves to Silla. The residue what in fight, what in their tents, and as they fled, were all slain, through the insatiable hastiness of the conquerors. In like manner Cnous Carbo the other Consul fled from Ariminus into Sicily: 
Cne. Carbo Consul.  where he was slain by Pompeius: which Pompeius being as then but of the age of twenty years, Sylla (for that he apperceived his prowess 
Cneus Carbo the Consul flayn.  and fires courage,) deputed to be lieutenant over his garrison, to the end he should be had in estimatyon next after himself. Thus when Carbo was slain, Pompeius appeased 
Siliice pacified.  Sicily, and departing from thence towards Africa, he slew Domitius a captain of Marius his side, and Hiarbas king of Mauritanie who aided Domitius. After these things, Sylla triumphed over Mithridates 
Sylla triumphed over Mithridates  with great glory. Cneus Pompeius also (which was nevererst granted to any roman,) being but xxiiii years of age, triumphed over Africa. Thus were finished two most deadly battles: the italian battle: (which was also called the war between confederates and allies,) and the civil war. Both which, endured by the space of x. years, which battles consumed above an. C. and l M. souldyoures, xxiiii. Consuls vii Praetors, xl. Aediles, and well nigh. CCC. Senators beside.   

¶ The sixth book of the Breviary of Eutropius.  
WHen Marcus Emilius Lepidus, and Quintus Catulus were Consuls, and Sylla had now appeased and set in order the weal public, battles grew again a fresh. One in Spain: An other in Pamphilia and Cilicia. The third in Macedon: The fourth in Sclavonia. For why Sertorius, who took part 
Four battle in sundry places at one time against the romans.  with Marius, fearing what should become of him, for that he saw what had betided to others of the same factyon, stirred up the Spaniards to battle against the Romans.  
Quintus Cecilius Metellus, son of that Metellus which subdued king jugurth, and Domitius the Praetor were sent forth captains against him. Domitius was slain by Hyrtuleius captain of Sertorius his host. 
Domitius slain.  Metellus fought with Sertorius himself with great uncertainty of fortune. But at length when the Senate 
Pompeius' sent to aid Metellus against Sertorius.  saw that Metellus was overmatched in battle by Sertorius, they sent Cneus Pompeius also into Spain: and so Sertorius fought against both those captains of his adversaries with great variety of fortune. But at last, in the eight year after that the battle was first begun, Sertorius was slain by his 
Sertorius slain by his own souldyoures.  own soldiers, and so that battle was finished by Cneus Pompeius, (who was as yet but a young man) and Quintus Metellus Pius. And well nigh all Spain submitted them selves to the Romans at that tyme. Appius Claudius after that his Consulship was expired, was sent into Macedon. He fustained but easy battles against divers which inhabiied Thracia: and there falling sick, died. There was sent to succeed 
Appius Claudius died.  him, Cncus Scribonius Eurio, so soon as he had likewise finished his Consulship. He subdued the Dar danianc, and passed forward till be came to the river Danubius, and merited a triumph: and within iii years he finished his battles. Then was Publius Servilius sent into Cilicia and Pamphylia. This Servilius (taking him for a Consul) was a passing stout and valiant man. He subdued Cilicia. He assaulted & won the worthiest cities of Licia: among which, these were some, Phalilides, Olympus, and Coritum. And within a while after, he gave the assault to Isauros an other city, and enforced it to yield, and within iii years space, He finished those battle▪ He was the first Roman that made any voyage to Taurus. When he returned 
P. servilius the first Roman which made any voyage to Taurus  thence, he triumphed, and merited the name to be called Isauricus. About the same time, was Caius Cosconius also sent into Illiria, in 
servilius triumphed, and was called I sanricus.  the Consul's stead. He brought in subjection a great part of Sclavonia. He wan Salone, and when he had finished this battle, he returned to Rome after that he had been absent thence, by the space of two years. At the same time, the Consul Marcus Emilius Lepidus, 
M. Emilius Lepidus Consul.  who was colleague to Catulus, would have commenced a civil war. How 
Civyl war pretended again.  be it that uproar was appeased again within one summers space. Thus were four sundry triumphs had at Rome together at one tyme. The one by Metellus over Spain, 
Four triumphs at Rome together.  the other by Pompeius, (& that was his second triumph) over Spain also. The third by Curio, over Macedon. The fourth and last, by Servilius over the Isaurians. In the six hundredth three score and sixteen year after the building of the city of Rome, Lucius Licinius Lucullus, 
L. Licinius Lucullus, and M. Aurelius Cotta Consuls.  and Marcus Aurelius Cotta being Consuls, Nicomedes king of Bithynia died: and appointed by his testament Romans to be his heirs. About this time Mithridates (infringing the league before made,) would have again invaded Asia & Bithynia, 
War renewed by Mithridates.  but the Consuls were forthwith sent against him, & of long time they experimented uncertain fortune in battle. Mithridates overcame Cotta in fight Chalcedon, & forced him the city, where 
Cotta the Consul discomfited.  he besieged him. But when Mithridates removed his power from thence towards Cizicus, (thinking that if he had once gotten Cizicus he might easily invade all Asia,) Lucullus tother Consul encountered with him. And whilst that Mithridates stayed to lay siege to Cizicus, Lucullus had environed him behind: and so keeping him from coming by vyttails, vanquished him in sundry skirmishes. At that time he escaped and fled to Byzantium: (which is now called Constantinople,) his captains 
Mithridates' discomlyted.  were discomfited in battle upon the sea. Thus in one winter and a summer space, Lucullus slew on the kings side, well nigh an. C. M. meu. In the. Dc lxxviii year after the building of the city of Rome, Marcus Licinius Lucullus, who was cousin german to that Lucullus which warred against Mithridates, was deputed to have the government of Macedon. At this time suddenly in italy a fresh battle was begun. For why lxxiiii of those which were accustomed to play at weapons, (called 
Battle a fresh in Italy  Gladiatores) broke forth of the schools at Capua, and made to them selves, Spartachus, Chrisus & Denomannus. And as they roved through Italy, they commenced battle there no less dangerous than was that other which before Hannibal waged there. For when they had discomfited divers Roman captains, and the two Consuls also, they assembled an army well nigh of lx. M men well appointed. How be it, they were overcome in Apulia, by Marcus Licinius Crassus the Proconsul. And so after sundry calamities sustained in italy, this battle was fivyshed in the third year after that it was first begun. In the year after that the city was built vi C lxxxi there were but only two great battles waged within the Roman Empire, (that is 
Two battles only waged against the Romans through the world.  to say) the battle against Mithridates, and the battle against the Macedians, both which battles the two Lucullies, (which is to wit) Lucius Lucullus, & Marcus Lucullus fought. For Lucius Lucullus after he had finished the battle at Cizicus, in which he overcame Mithridates: and after the other battle upon the Sea, in which he vanquished the captains of Mithridates, he pursued Mithridates himself. And when he had recovered Paphlagonia and Bithynia, he invaded Mithridates own kingdom. He won there Sinopes and Anisus, two of the most noble cities of Pontus.  
In the second battle which was waged at the city Cabira, Mithridates had provided xxx M. men, 
thirty M. vanquished by .v. M. Romans.  whom he did choose and pick forth through all his kingdom, which when they were vanquished by v. M. of the Romans, Mithridates fled 
Mithridates' fled.  and his tents were sacked. The less Armenia likewise, which he had 
Armenia recovered.  gotten, was recovered again from him. But Mithridates after he was thus fled, was received by Tigranes' king of Armenia, who reigned at those days in great renown. This Tigranes oft times had subdued the Persians. He wan Mesopotamia, 
Mithridates' succoured by king Tigranes.  Syria, and a piece of Phenicia.  
Sun after, Lucullus required him to deliver his enemy, whom he had put to slyght. Which request when he withstood and denied the delivery of Mithridates, Lucullus forthwith invaded king Tigranes his realm, and wan there Tigra nocerta the chiefest city of Armenia, and having but xviii M. soldiers to aid him, he gave king Tigranes a passing great overthrow, which Tigranes came against him with vi. M. men on barbed horses, and an huddreth thousand Archers, besides other men of arms. He slew the 
A great overthrow of king Tigranes.  greater part of the Armenians, and removing from thence to Nisibis, look that City also, and the kings brother in it.  
But they whom Lucullus had left behind in Pontus with part of his army, to the end that they should keep under to the behoove of the Romans such people as he had all ready subdued there (demeaning themselves very rechlesly, and with great cruelty) gave opportunity to Mithridates 
Battle renewed by Mithridates.  to invade Poneus again: and so battle was renewed there a fresh. There was one sent to succeed Lucullusrwho after that he had won Nisibis, made preparation for his voyage against the Persians. The other Lucullus who had the government of Macedon, was the first Romain that waged battle against the Bessians: whom he overcame in a great battle upon the hill Emus. 
Lucullus the first Romain that waged battle against the Bessians Vscudama won.  He won also Vscudama: a town which the Bessians did inhabit the self same day, that he gave the assault to it. He took in like manner the city Cabiles, and marched still forth till he came to the river Danubius. After that he invaded divers cities 
Cabiles take Both the Lucullies triumphed.  which were siivate upon the Sea coast of Pontus. There he destroyed Appollonia, and won Calatis, Partenopolis, Tomos, Histrus, and all Buzia. And when those battles were 
Battle in Crete.  finished, he returned to Rome where either of them triumphed. But yet the Lucullus who had waged battle against Mithridates, triumphed with greater glory, for that he returned conqueror of such ample kingdoms. After the battle was finished in Macedon, the battle against Mithridates as yet endured: which battle Mithridates renewed, assembling together all the power and force of men he could make after that Lucullus was now departed back. About this time began there also battle in Crete, Cecilius Metellus was sent thither, who after that he had fought great battles there, with in the space of iii years he won the whole province, and for this fact was called Creticus. He triumphed over 
Crete won by Metellus, and he called Creticus.  that Island. At this time also, Libya was by the bequest of Appio king there of, annexed to the Empire of the 
Libya annexed to the Roman empire by Appio.  Romans. In which province, these were the noblest Cities, Beronice, Ptoloneais, and Cyrene. While these things were in hand, Pirates began to annoy the passengers through those parties by sea. So that the Romans who had subdued well nigh all the whole world, wanted now nothing, saving that they had not now safe course and recourse by the seas, where upon that viage against 
Battle against the pirates committed to Cneus Pompeius.  those pirates, was committed to Cneve Pompeius, who within a few months space, finished it with great celerity, and no less derteritye of fortune.  
Not long after, the same Pompeius was also designed to go against Mithridates, and Tigranes which voyage when he had taken in hand, he overcame Mithridates in battle by 
Mithridates' overcome in battle by night.  night in Armenia the less, & sack his tents. He slew there xl M. of the kings army, and lost of his own host, but twenty men, and two of his captains. After this evil success, Mithridates fled being accompanied 
Mithridates' fled.  but with his wife & two, other to wait upon them, and eftsoons in a tumult which fell among his soldiers through the procurement of his son Pharnaces, he was forced to death, which he executed on himself by 
Mithridates' poisoned himself.  drinking of poison. This end had Mithridates: he died at ●osphorus, a man very politic, and witty with all. He raaigued lx years, he lived three score and twelve years. He 
Mithridates' hysage and time of his reign.  warred against the Romans by the space of forty years. Then Pompeius addressed his battle against Tigranes, who yielded himself. 
Tigranes' pursued.  And so soon as he was entered within Pompeius his tents, which were pitched xvi miles dystante from Artaxata, he fell prostrate at Pompeius his feet, and delivered up his crown into the hands of Pompeius: but 
Tigranes' submitted himself.  Pompeius reposed it again upon his head, and entreated him very worthily. Nevertheless, he deprived him of a portion of his kingdom, and assessed him to pay a great sum of 
The worthiness of Pompeius.  money beside. There was taken from him Syria, Phenices, and Sophenes and he was assessed to pay vi M. talents of silver, for that he warred against the Romans without cause. Not long after, Pompeius also made war upon the Albans, and overcame 
War against the Albans. Orodes king of th' Albans overcome.  Orodes king of the Albans, in three sundry battles. But at last, being requested by letters and presents, he both pardoned him, and granted him peace. He overcame 
Arthaces king of Iberia vanquished  in like manner Arthaces king of Iberia in fight, and at last, received him under allegiance. He gave Armenia the less, to Deiotarus king 
Armenia given to Deiotarus.  of Galacia, for that he had aided him in battle against Mithridates. He restored Paphlagonia to Attalus, and 
Attalus and Pilemenes restored to their kingdoms.  Pilemenes. He deputed Aristarchus king over Colchos. Sun after, he overcame the Iturians and Arabians. And when he came into Syria, he enfranchised Seleucia, a city situate 
Seleucia enfranchysed. A piece of  near to Antioch, for that they did not aid, ne secure king Tigranes. He redelivered to the Antiochians, their pledges which they gave to him. He gave the Daphuenses a per cell of land, for the enlargement of their groves or copies, for that he was delighted with the pleasant site of that place, and the great plenty of waters which abounded 
ground given to the Daphuenses.  there.) From thence, he passed forth taking his way towards judea. And in the third month after his arriving there, he won jerusalem the chief city of that country. He slew there xii M. jews, the residue he received under allegiance.  
These things being thus finished, he went into Asia, and so ended he the war, which had long continued. when 
M. Cullius C i and Caius Antonius Consuls. This Cicero was lireally descended from the kings of the Volscian, which were leng before the city of Rome. a man of singular wy● & clemency, and of a passing zealot his country he was called of the Father of his country for that he hadso study ●sly preserved it. He flourished about xi. years before the incarnation of Christ.  Marcus Tullius the Orator, & Caius Antonius were Consuls, in the vi C. lxxxix year after the city was built, Lucius Sergius Catiline, a man descended of a noble stock, but yet of an evil disposityon, conspired with divers other noble men of like rashness and naughtiness as he was, Catiline was expulsed forth of the city, by Cicero. His confederates were apprehended and throttled in prison. afterward Catiline himself was overcome in battle, and slain by Antonius the other Consul.  
In the six hundredth and ninetenth year after the building of Rome. When Decius junius silanus, and Lucius Murena were Cansuls, Metellus triumphed over Crete, and Pompeius triumphed for the battle 
D. junius Sillanus. and L. Murena Consuls.  which he had over the Pirates on the sea, and for that other battle which he waged with Mithridates. The pomp and pride of no triumph, was ever like to that of 
Metellus and Pompeius trfumphed.  Pompeius. There were led before his chariot, the son of Mithridates, and the son of king. Tigranes, and Aristobulus king of the jews. There was carried moreover before him great store of wine: and an infinite deal of gold and silver beside. At this time, the Romans waged no great battles through all the whole world.  
In the six hund, eth nineteth, and third year after the building of 
Ca julius Cesar, and L. Bibulus triumphed.  the City, Caius julius▪ Cesar, who afterward became Emperor, was created Consul, and Lucius Bibulus with him.  
France was committed to his government, and the coast of Illiria (now called Sclavonia,) together with ten legions of soldiers first he subdued the Helvetians which are also called the Sequanes or Burgonians. Then he passed forth still conquering and subduing as he went, with grievous battles, until he came to the english Ocean sea. And with in the space of ix years, he brought well nigh all France in subiertyon, so much as is situate between the Alps, the river of Rouen, the flood of Rhine and the Ocean sea, which in circuit extendeth to. ccccc. miles. Sun after, he warred upon the britains which before his arriving 
britain which is now called England, invaded by julius Ccsar. The Britain's tributaries to the Romans.  there, had never any cognisance, nor at any time hard speaking of the Romans. When he had subdued them, he made them tributary to the Romans, and took hostages of them. But he did exact of France under name of Tribute, cccc. Sestercios. Then he assailed the Germans, which inhabited on the farther side of the river of Rouen, and vanquished them in most sharp battles. But among all these so many successes and chances of fortune he fought thrice unluckly. Ones against the Auernians in France, 
Three unlucky vattailes of julius Cesar.  at which battle he was present himself, and twice in Germany when he was absent. For his two Legates Titurius and Aruneulus were slain there by a train. About the same time▪ in the. cccccc. xcvii. year after the city was built, Marcus Licinius Crassus fellow in office with Cneus Pompeius the great, in the second year after that he was made Consul, was sent on a voyage against the Parthians; and joining battle with them in an evil hour at Carras, he was 
M. Licinius Caslus slam.  overcome by Surena captain to king Drodes: and at last, he was slain and his Son also, a valiant and a worthy young man towards. The residue of his army, was preserved by Caius Cassius 
Acivii dissension sprung in Rome, after which ensued a most sharp civil war between Pompeius and julius Cesare, where upon grew th'alteration of the weal public of Rome, and an utter decay in manner of the same, the occasion of the battle was butlight For Cesar after he was returned forth of France, requested to be made Consul, for so it stood him in hand, for that certain had conspired soon after to haveprocured his bannyshment through whose invegling Pompey us changed his former mind, and revoked his former promise made to Cesar, and added beside certain threatenings to Cesar wards, upon which the grudge grew. This battle began in the. 3914. year after the creatyon of the world, and in the 706. year after the city was built, & in the 47. before the birth of Christ, it lasted v. years in all, then was Rome fyrstea monarch.  lieutenant of the host, who through his singular and passing great manhood reduced to such good pass those matters so far endangered, (which were now well nigh paste cure and hoop of recovery,) that conveying his army over Euphrates. He vanquyshedee the Persians in divers skirmishes.  
When these things were thus finished, there ensued an horrible and lamentable battle: By mean whereof, (besides divers other calamities which chanced in the Roman weal public) the condition & wont estate of that famous Empire was aultered. For when Cesar returned conqueror forth of France he required to be created Consul again. Which thing when it was by divers of the Romans without contradictyon granted unto him, Marcellus (who was then Consul,) Bibulus, Pompeius, and Cato, did openly withstand it, and sent commandment to Cesar that he should dismiss his army, and come home to the city. Upon which answer Cesare conceiving displeasure from Ariminus (where he had his army assembled) towards Rome to invade it.  
Where hppon the Consul, the Senate, and all the Nobility of Rome together with Pompeius, fled forth of the city, and passed over into Greece, and made preparance for war against Cesar, at Epirus Macedon and Achaia, and those Pompeius to be their Captain. When Cesar was entered the vacant and forsaken city, forthwith he made himself Dictator. From thence, he went into spain. There he discomfited the most strong 
juli. Cesar made himself Dictator.  and valiant armies of Pompeius, and three of his captains, (that is to wit,) Lucius Afranius, Marcus 
Pompeius his captains discomfited.  Petreius, and Marcus Varro. returning from thence, he passed over into Grece, and pitched his field, and fought against Pompeius. In the 
Pompeius & Cesar fought  first battle he had the overthrow, & was put to flight. How be it he escaped, 
julius Cesar discomsyted.  for that (the night approaching so near,) Pompeius would not pursue him. Where upon, Cesar when he was thus escaped, said: that neither Pompeius witted how to conquer him, and that that was the only day in which he might have had the upper hand over him. After that, they both met again at Paleopharsalus in thessaly: whereas each of them led forth to fight, their passing great armies, Pompeius had in his band, xl▪ M. footmen in the forefront, seven. M. in the left wing, and. ccccc. in the right wing.  
He had secure beside, forth of all the Casto parties: and moreover innumerable Senators and praetors, and others of the Consuls, and almost all the nobility of Rome on his side, and such as ere that time had been conquerors of very stout nations. Cesar had in his army not full out xxx M. footem on, and a. M. horsemen. The force and strength of the Romans was never before that day assembled either in greater number, or under more worthy captains, so that now they could eastye have subdued all the whole world, if they should have fought against the Barbarians. The battle was handled with great prowess and manhood on both parties. And at length Pompeius was discomfited, and his tents 
Pompeius' discomfited.  were sackic. Himself fled to Alexandria: where he thought he should have gotten aid of the king of egypt, unto whom he was by the 
Pompeius' 〈◊〉 to Alexandria.  Senate, sometime appointed to be a tutor and governor during the time of his minority. But the young king having more regard to the 
An example of great unkindness and ingratituding.  time present, than respect or consideratyon to the passed friendship which he had found at Pompeius his hands, slew Pompeius. And when he had cut of his head, he pluck of his ring from his hand, and sent them together to Cesar. which when Cesar saw, he burst forth on weeping to behold the head of so worthy a man, which also was his son in law.  
Not long after, Cesar came to Alexandria, where Ptolomeus also conspired against him: upon which occasion, Cesar made war on the king, who when he was overcome, drowned himself in the river of 
Ptolomeus drowned himself.  Nilus: in which place, both his body was found afterward, and his coat of plate also, which was gilded and very rich.  
When Cesar had on this sort obtained Alexandria, he gave that kingdom to Cleopatra, sister to 
Alexandria given by Cesar to Cleopatra.  Ptolomeus, whom he after used as his paramour, As Cesar returned from thence, he overcame Pharnaces son of Mithridates the great, 
Pharnaces discomfited & pursued to death.  who had succoured Pompeius at Thessaly, and eftsoons rebelled himself in Pontus, and had won sundry provinces from the Romans, and pursued him to death. Returning 
Cesar made himself Consul the third tyme.  from thence to Rome, he made himself Consul the third time, and Marcus Emilius Lepidus with him, who was Magister Equitum in the year before, when Cesar was Dictator.  
From thence, he went into Africa, where as a great number of the nobility, together with juba king of Mauritania renewed battle against 
War in afric by juba king of mauritania against Cesar.  him. The Roman captains in that battle, were Publius Cornelius Scipio, (who was descended from the most ancient stock of Scipio Africanus, which Scipio was also father in law to Pompeius the great:) Marcus Petreius, Quintus Varus, Marcus Porcius Cato, and Lucius Cornelius Faustus (son to Sylla, which was sometime Dictator.) Cesar disposed his battles in order against these captains, and after sundry skirmishes, he obtained the victory. Cato, Petreius, Scipio, and juba, slew themselves. Faustus who was son to Silla, who sometime was Dictator, and son in law to Pompeius, was slain by Cesar. The year after, Cesar returned to 
Cesar created himself Consul the 4. tyme.  Rome, and created himself Consul the fourth time, and went forthwith into Spain, where as Cneus and Sextus, sons to Pompeius, renewed battle with great force. There 
War in Spain against Cesar.  were many skirmishes between them. The last battle was fought at the city Munda, in which Cesar was so nigh overcome, that his men fled 
Cesar driven to a near straight.  from him: for which cause he determined to slay himself, rather than (after that he had gotten such renown and fame in Martial feats), he would now fall into the hands of young men and be vanquished by them, when he had lived lvi years with great honour. Nevertheless when he had recovered his men again, he obtained the victori against them. The elder son of Pompeius, was there slain. The younger son fled, and so escaped.  
Afterwards, when as now civil wars 
The civil war aghast Pompeius & his adherents finished by julius Cesar.  were clean appeased, Cesar returned to Rome where he began to demean himself very disorderly and against the usage of the Roman liberty. Where upon, when he bestowed the digniries and Offices in Rome upon such persons as pleased himself, which offices were accustomed to have been granted by the advise and consent of the commons of Rome, and moreover would not use any familiarity or salutatyon to the Senate, when they came to him, 
Cefar his disorderly demenor in Rome.  and did sundry other acts besides, which were used in the time of tyranny by the kings, at what time they bore rule and authority as yet in the city of Rome, by means of which facts he began very much to grow in hatred of the commons 
A great conspiracy against him.  and Senate, there conspired against him xl or more, Senators and gentlemen of Rome. Among whom, these were the chiefest: the two Bruti, (which were descended from the stock of that Brutus, who was the first Consul that was created at Rome, and had procured then the banishing of the kings from thence, Caius Cassius, and Servilius Casca. And when Cesar on a day, with the rest of the Senate, were at their session in the council house, the 
Cesar slain by the senate.  Senate rose against him there, and slew him, and smote him in with three and twenty deadly wounds. ¶ (⸫) ⁋   

¶ The seventh book of the Breviary of Eutropius.  
When Cesar was slain, which was in the vii C. and ix year after the building of Rome, 
Tivyl war●s renewed in Rome by Antonius.  civil wars were again renewed. For why, the Senate took part with them which had slain Cesar. But Antonius the Consul who favoured Cesar, endenored (what in him lay), to oppress them by civil battle. Where upon when the weal public was thus greatly disquieted, Antonius wrought at that time divers heinous acts: for the which, he was by the whole Senate counted as an open enemy 
Battle against Antonius.  of the common wealth. Where upon there were sent to pursue him, Pansa and Hircius the two Consuls, and Octavianus a young man of the age 
Pansa and Hircius Consuls.  of xviii years, nephew to Cesar, whom Cesar had adopted, and by his last will designed to be his heir, and to bear his name. This was that Cesar who was afterward called Augustus, and became ruler over all the whole world. when these three capytaines were gone forth against Antonius, they gave him thoverthrow. 
Antonius' discomfited.  How be it it chanced so, that both the Consuls died, assoon as they had obtained this victory, so that all the iii armies were then attendaunte upon 
The two Consuls died.  Cesar alone. when Antonius was thus discomfited, and had lost his army, he fled to Lepidus who had been Magister Equitum before under Cesar, and at that present, had 
Antonius sue coured by Lepidus.  great bands of men ready assembled: if whom he was received. Sun after, through the procurement and earnest suit of Lepidus, Cesar made 
Legue made with Antonius.  league with Antonius. Then Cesar returned to Rome with all his host, making semblance as though he would have revenged the death of his father which adopted him, and 
Cesar compelled the Romans to create him Consul, when he was but twenty years of age, about the 710. year after the city was built.  of fine force caused the Romans to create him Consul, being as yet but of the age of twenty years. Then by the advise and counsels of Antonius and Lepidus, he banished divers of the Senate, and began to detain the weal public, by force of arms. By their means, was Cicero 
The ontcagiousnesse of Cesar, through evil counsel.  the Orator slain, and divers other noble men.  
In this mean while, Brutus and Cassius which were two of them that slew Cesar, prepared a great battle, having assembled many armies through Macedon and the east parts. There went forth against them Cesar, Octanianus, Augustus, and Marcus Antonius. 
Battle pretended against Cesar, by Brutus and Cassius.  But Lepidus was left behind to defend italy. They joined battle with Brutus and Cassius at Philippos a city of Macedon.  
In the first battle Cesar and Antonius were discomfited. How be 
Cesar and Antonius discomfited. Cassius slain.  it Cassius captain of the nobility was then slain.  
In the second battle, Brutus was slain also, and an infinite number of the nobility, which 
Brutus slain.  took part with him against Cesar. Then did Cesar and Antonius depart the roman Empire between 
The Roman Empire divided between Cesar and Antonius.  them on this sort. That Augustus should possess Spain, France, and italy. Antonius should have Asia, Pontus, and the east parts. At this time, Lucius Antonius 
A civil war by Lucius Antonius.  who was brother to that Antonius which took part with Cesar against Brutus and Cassius began a civil war within Italy. He was overcome at Perowse a city of Thuscia, and was taken, but was not slain. In the mean space, by Sextus Pompeius, who was son to Cneus Pompeius the great, there was another great battle attempted in 
Another battle by Sextus Pompeius Peace concluded.  Sicily: at which battle, all those were assembled, which as yet were left alive, of them that aided Brutus and Cassius. The battle was fought by Cesar Augustus octavius against Sextus Pompeius. And at last, peace 
The Persians vanquished.  was concluded between them. At the same time, Marcus Agrippa had good success in his affairs in Guyon which is that part of France, that is now called Aquitain. Lucius Ventidius Bassus overcame the Persians which invaded Syria, in three sundry battles. He slew Pacorus king 
The first triumph over the Persians  Orodes his son, the very same day that Surena captain to Orodes, slew Crassus. He was the first which merited a most condign triumph at Rome over the Parthians. In this mean space, Pompeius' infringed the peace, and was discomfited in battle 
Pompeius infringed the peace, & was slain.  on the sea, and as he would have fled from thence to Asia ward, he was slain. Antonius to whom Asia, and the East parts were allotted, being divorced from the sister of Augustus Cesar, espoused Cleopatra 
M. Antonius espoused Cleopatra.  Queen of Egypt. He warred on the Persians, and overcame them in the first battles. And as he returned homewards, there fell great skarsity and penury of victuals among his 
The Persians oyscomfyced by Antonius.  soldiers. But when the Persians' pursued him hard as he returned, he got the victory over them at that time also. This Antonius began a great civil war through the procurement 
A civil war by M. Antonius.  and egging for ward of his wife Cleopatra, affecting to attain the government of the city of Rome, that there by, he might satisfy the incessant requests of his wife. He was vanquished by Augustus in battle upon the sea at Actiu in, which town is situate in Epirus. From thence, 
Antonius' vanquished by Augustus.  he fled into egypt: and there being exempt from all hope of good chance, and despairing that his affairs should ever take good success again, (so that all men now took part with Cesar) he slew himself. 
Antonius and Cleopatra slew themselves.  Cleopatra also his wife, procured to be stricken of an Adder, by mean of whose poison she died. Then was Egypt also annexed to the Roman Empire, by Octavian Augustus, 
Egypt adjoined to the Roman empire.  and Cneus Cornelius Gallus, was appointed lieutenant there, who was the first of the Romans which decided or determined matters 
Cneus Gallus lieutenant over Egypt.  in egypt.  
Thus when wars were pacified through the whole world, Octanian Augustus returned to Rome in the twelfth year after that he was first created Consul, and from that time he governed the Roman Empire himself alone, by the space of four and forty years. For during the other twelve years before, he administered it jointly together with Antonius and Lepidus. So from the 
The time of Augustus his reign.  first commencement of his Empire unto the end there of, were lvi years. He deceased in the four score and six year of his age, by sickness 
Augustus his age.  at Atella a town of Campania, and lieth buried at Rome, in Campo-Martio. 
Augustus Cesar died in the two. year of the 198. Dlim●●▪ which was in the. 767. year after the city was built, and in the year of our Lord god the xu Augustus' canonized. Augustus' his worthy demenor.  A man who in most things, and that right worthily, was deemed as a God, For lightly there was none either more fortunate in battles than he was, or in time if peace which ruled more discret●lye. Ouring those xliiii years in which he reigned alone, he lived very civilly, behaving himself very liberally towards all 〈◊〉, and to his friends exceeding trusty and assured, whom he advanced to so great honours, that almost he made them equal with his own estate. The Roman Empire at no syme before his reign, did more flourish. For besides the suppressing of the civil wars in which he always was invincible, he annexed also to the Roman Empire, Egypt, Biskay and Dalmatia which is parcel of Sclavonia, (which country was by the Romans before his reign oft-times over run, but by him it was fully conquered,) & Hungary, 
The Roman Empire greatly enlarged by Octavian Augustus.  Guyon, Illiria, Rhetia, the Vandals, and the Thalassians which inhabited among th' alps, together with all those cities which were situate along the sea costs of Pontus. Among which, these were the chiefest, Bosphorus and Ponticapeos. He vanquished the Danes in battle, and slew great armies of the Germans, and drove them over the flood Albis, which is in Barbary far beyond the river of Rheyne. He fought this battle by Drusus, who was his wives son by he● first husband, like as he did that other battle against the Hungarians, by Tiberius an other of his wives sons. After this battle, he brought forth of Germany. cccc. M prisoners, and placed them in France, a long 
France repl● shed with inhabitants by Octanian.  upon the banks of the river of Rhein. He recovered Armenia from that Parthians, and the Persians gave him hostages, which they never did to any 
Pledges taken of the Persians.  before him. They restored more over such ensigns to the Romans, as they had got from them, at what time they vanquished Crassus. The Scythians and Indians, who before had not heard speaking of the Romans, 
The Corinthians & Indians sent legates to Augustus. Galacia made a prou●●●●.  sent both Legates and presents to Augustus. In his reign, Galacia was also made a province, which was a kingdom before, and Marcus Lollius governed it in the stead of the Praetor. Besides this, he was so well beloved of the Barbarians, that such kings as had joined friendship with the Romans, (to the end they might augment the honour of Augustus) built divers cities which they called after his name, Cesaree. As king juba did in Mauritania, 
Towns built and named after the name of Cesar.  and in Palestina (which is now a famous and fair city.) Moreover many kings left their own kingdoms and came to Rome, to the end they might attend and do their service to Cesar, and in such like apparel as the Romans used to wear, (that is to say in gowns) they followed his chariot, or horse as he road. After his death he was called a God. He left a most fortunate common 
3. Claudius' Tiberius, son to Livia Augustus his wife, by her  wealth to Tiberius his successor who was his wives son by her former husband, and became after that, to be son in law to Augustus by adoption, and the espousing his daughter. 
first husband began his Empire in the. 3976. year after the creation of the world. in the 768. year after the building of Rome and in the year of our Lord God xvi  Tiberius' governed the Empire by great cowardice, grievous cruelty, unmeasurable avarice, and filthy lust. He waged battle no where himself, but warred always by his provosts and substitutes. divers kings whom he had procured through great flattery to come to him, he would never permit to depart again. Among which, Archelaus king of Cappadocia was one, whose kingdom he did also reduce into the form of a Province: and the chiefest city thereof, he commanded should be called by his name, which at this day is called Caesarea, where as before it was called Mazaca.  
In the xxiii year of his reign, he deceased in Campania with the great 
Tiberlus his reign.  rejoicing of all the Romans, when he had lived lxxx and iii years. 
Tiberius' deceased.   
After him succeeded Caius Cesar, 
4. Caligula the 4. Emperor, son to Germanicus, began his Empire. 3999. year after the beginning of the world, in the. 701. year after Rome was b●il●e, in the year of our Lord. 39  who was surnamed Caligula, nephew to Drusus and Tiberius, Augustus his wives sons, a very naughty and cruel man, whose facts were so heinous, that if they had been conferred with the doings of Tiberius, they might make those of Tiherius, to seem tolerable. He warred against the Germans, and invaded Swevia. But he achieved there no manly act. He had carnal copulation 
The dishonourable reign of Caligula.  with his own sisters, and his own daughter whom he begat upon the one of his sisters, he had in likewise carnal company with all. When he had thus used great avarice, fleshly lust, and horrible cruelty towards all men, he was slain in his palace in the xxxix year of his 
Caligula ●layne. Caligula his 〈◊〉.  age, when he had reigned, three years x. months and viii days.  
After him succeeded Claudius, uncle by the father's side to Caligula, and son to Drusus: (unto which Claudius, there was a most honourable 
5. Claudius' ●he v. Emperor of Rome. son to Drusus, which was brother to ●●berius, began his Empire, in the. 4003. year after the creation of the world, in the 795. year after the building of Rome and in the year of out Lord 41. he rai●●● 13. years and ix. months, he was poisoned, in the. 11. year of his reign.  tomb created at Mensae in Germany), whose nephew also Caligula was. He reigned over Media, and did many things there very quietly. And yet some things did he very cruelly, and without discretyon. He made war upon the britains: which country sith the time of julius Cesar, none of the Romans had ever had any thing to do withal. And when they were overcome by Cneus Sentius, and Aulus Plantius, two famous and worthy men, he had a great triumph over them at Rome. Furthermore, he annexed also to the Empire of the Romans, certain Islands situate in the Ocean sea beyond Britain, called Orcades, and 
War upon the Britain●, now called England.  surnamed his son ●ritannicus. He behaved himself very courteously towards divers of his friends, in so much that when Plautius, (a notable man), who in his voyage which he made into britain, achieved divers notable acts, & should triumph for the same, the Emperor himself accompanied him, and (the use being such that with his triumph he should go up into the Capitol,) Claudius gave him the preheininence, & went 
The term of Claudius his ●a●gne.  on his left hand. This Claudius lived. lxuii. years, and after his death was canonized. 
Claudius' canonized.   
After him, succeeded Nero, who 
6. Nero who was son in law to Claudius, who adopted him to be his successor in the Empire. began his reign in the. 40●7. year after the creation of the world, the 809. year after Rome was built, & the 5. year after Christ, he had carnal copuia●ton with his own mother, and eftsoons ●●ewe her, and his wife, and divers other worthy mer. He was a great persecutor of christian religien, & put divers Saints to death.  did very much resemble his uncle Caligula. He did greatly disgrace and diminish the Roman wealth and substance: A man given to unwonted riot, strange lust, and great expenses and charges, so that after the manner of Caius Caligula, he bayned himself with hot and cold Ointments. He fyshed with golden ne●tes, the ropes of which, where with they were drawn forth of the water, were of Pnrple silk. He slew a great number of the Senate. He became enemy to all good men: and at last, did habondone himself wholly over to so great disworship, that he would dance and sing o●penly in the apparel of common minstrels, and such as are accustomed to play in interludes. He committed divers murders upon his own kinsfolks.  
And when he had slain his own brother, his wife, and his mother, he set the city of Rome on fire, that he 
Rome set on fire by Nero and burned 6. days space.  might thereby (as by demonstratyon) see after what fashion Troy burued, when it was taken and set on fire by the Grecians. In feats of arms he durst do nothing at all. 
The cowardice of Nero.  He had almost lost Britain. For during his reign, there were taken 
Britain nigh lost.  there and destroyed quite, two notable towns.  
The Parthians did bereft him of Armenia, and brought the Roman armies under subjection. How be it, there were two Provinces created during his reign, Pontus Polemoniacus, 
Two provinces created.  by the assent of king Polemon, and Alps Cotie, king Cotius being now deceased. For those his acts, waxed he to be abhorred of the citizens of Rome, and clean forsaken of all men, and of the Senate was adjudged as an enemy of that weal public. Where upon they sought him, to have been revenged on him, whose punishment was appointed on this manner. That he 
Punishment devised by the Romans for Nero.  should first be drawn naked through the city, then having a fork thrust into his head, he should so hang, and be whipped till he were dead: after that, he should be thrown down headlong from the rock.) which which when he understood,) he fled forth of his palace, and in a farm ere grange of one, who had been sometime his bondman and was by him lately enfranceised, he slew himself. This farm was situate between 
Nero slewa himself.  the two ways Salaria and Numentana, (which were four miles distant from Rome. He founded the baths at Rome, which during his 
Baths in Rome.  reign, were called Neroniane, and now are called Alexandrine. He deceased in the xxxi year of his age, 
Nero his age and reign.  when he had reigned xiiii years, and with him, almost all the progeny of Augustus was put out of memory.  
Afterward, Sergius Galba succeeded 
7. Sergius Galba the. 7. Emperor.  in the Empire. A Senator of ancient nobleness, who was chosen Emperor by the spaniards and Frenchmen, when he was lxxiii ye●es of age, and eftsoons was gladly ●eceiued of the whole army. For whilst he was yet but a private man, ●e demeaned his life worthily both ●n Martial acts, and also in civil policy. He had been oft Proconsul, exercising the office of Consul, for others. At sundry times had he been a captain in most perilous battles. His Empire was but of very short continuance, proceeding of marvelous good beginnings, saving that he seemed somewhat overmuch given to severity. He was slain thorough the treason of Otho, in the 
Galba slain.  seventh month of his reign. His throat was cut in the market place at Rome, and lieth buried in his gardain●s which are situate along the way called Aurelia, not far dystante from the city of Rome.  
When Otho had thus slain Galba, he invaded the Empire, and detained 
●. Otho the. 8. Emperor.  it himself. His stock was more noble by his mother's side, then by his fathers, and yet was it by neither of them both, very base. When he was yet a private man, he behaved himself very gently and tractablye.  
In his Empire he could not show any great experiment of his doings, for that at the same time that he slew Galba, Vitellius was made Emperor by tharmies of the germans, (who attempted battle against him. And Otho was discomfited in a very light skirmish at Bebriacus, (notwithstanding that he had with him a great band of men,) where he slew himself, whom when his Souldyoures requested, that he would not so lightly despair 
Otho slew himself.  of the success of the battle, he answered that he was not wonrthye, ne so much to be esteemed, that for his cause any civil battle should be waged, and there with all, smote himself in with his dagger in the xxxviii year of his age, when he 
The reign of Ottho.  had reigned four score and fifteen days.  
Then Vitellius obtained the Empire, 
9 Vitellius the ix. Emperor.  descended of a family which was become worshipful through advancements and promotions, rather than by nobleness of birth. For his father which came neither of any notable line, was created Consul thrice a row. This Viteliius reigned with great disworship, being merueileusly noted for his great cruelty, 
The disorderly reign of Vitellius.  but especially for his excessive gluttony, and unmeasurable eating. In which he did so exceed, that (as report went,) he feasted four or v times in one day. But among all the 
Vitellius his excessive gluttony.  residue of his banquets, this one is had in memory, which his brother Vitellius prepared for him: in which, besides other charges and expenses, (as it was said,) there were set before 
An example of unineasurable gluttony.  him at one time, two thousand fishes, and seven. thousand birds. This Vitellius affecting very much to resemble Nero his doings, did so expressly show this his said purpose and intent, that he laboured (what in him lay,) to honour the exequys and funerals of Nero, who at that time, lay but very meanly buried. He was slain by the captains of 
Vitellius slain.  Vespasian. But first he slew Sabinus, Vespasian his brother, whom he burned in the Capitol, which he se●te on fire. When Vitellius was thus slain, he was with great reproach and ignominy drawn naked openly along the city of Rome, 
The reproach full death of Vitellius.  with his beard and hear of his head staring, and a naked sword set under his chin. And as he passed through the streets on this sort, every one which met him, threw dung in his face and bosom. This done his throat was cut, and he thrown into the river of Tiber, that he might want the worship of burial, which 
In what estimation burial was among the Romans.  is granted to every man, yea even to the simplest. He was slain in the lvii. year of his age, when he hadd● reigned viii months and one day. 
Vitellius his age & reign.   
After him succeeded Vespasiane, who was created Emperor at Palestina: 
10. Vespasianus the tenth Emperor began his reign in the. 4032. year after the creation of the world, in the 824. year after come was built, and in the. 71. year after th●ncarnatiō of christ A Princeendued with most excellent virtues, a maintainer of civil order, and learning in Rome, so that he assigned certain standing stipends to Physicians & professors of other sciences at Rome.  one in very deed base born, how be it worthy to be compared with the best and chiefest Emperors. A man who for his private life was worthy to be had in memory. For in that time, he was sent by Claudius into Germanye, and from thence into Britain, he pitched field and fought five times with his enemies. He annexed to the Roman Empire two mighty nations, twenty towns, and the isle of Wight nigh adjoining to Britain. He behaved himself in the Roman Empire very moderately, but he was somewhat to much desirous of money. Neverthclesse he got the same in such sort, that he wronged no man for it.  
And like as he did with earnest means and diligence, study to gather it together, so did he very cyrcumspectlye distribute the same abroad, espetiallye to such as had great need there of. So that uneath any man can find either greater liberality, or more justly employed of any Prince that ever was before his tyme. He was very patient and gentle: In so much that he would not lightly punish any such as 
The great lenity of Vespasiane.  were accused and openly convicted to have conspired treason against him, with any grievouser penalty, then by banishment only.  
In the time of his Empire, judea and jerusalem, the most famous and notable Cities of Palestina, were annexed to the Roman Empire.  
Moreover he reduced Achasa, Licia, Rhodus, Byzantium, (which is now called Constantinople,) and Samos, which before were free cities,) and likewise Trachea, Cilicia, Thracia and Comagenes which were under the dominion of sundry kings, such as were friends to the Romans, into the form of Provinces. He would quickly forget displeasures and grudges of mind. He would patiently suffer and hear the rebukes and taunts of Philosophers, and of those which pleaded men's causes tofore him. But he was an earnest reformer of Martial policy. He and his son Titus triumphed 
Vespafian triumphed over jerusalem with his son Titus.  over jerusalem. Thus when he was by these means beloved and well liked of the Senate, and other the commons of Rome, and in fine of all men, he was stricken with a flux, and so died at a Manor of his own, which was among the Sabines, 
Vespasian died of a flix.  in the lxix year of his age, when he had reigned ix years and seven. days, and was canonized. 
Vespasian his age, and time of 〈◊〉   
He had with such observation di●gentlye marked the naituityes and births of his sons, that when son dry conspiratyes were pretended against him and were deseried, he 
Credit to the casting of nativities.  would always dissimule and neglect them: affirming to the Senate, that either his sons should succeed him in his Empire, or else no man. After his decease, Titus his son succeeded him: who was also called 
11. Titus Vespas●an●●e xi Emperor began his reign in the. 4041. year after the creation of the world, the 833. year after Rome was ballte, ● the ●o▪ yereafter Christ his incarnation. Titus Vespasian a good archer.  Vespasianes a man worthy of great● admiration, for all kind of virtues. In so much that he was called she love and delices of mankind. He was very eloquent, and an ●●tedyng stout warrior, and one of passynge● great sobriety. He pleabed causes himself in Latin. He made divers Poetical inventions and tragedies in Greek. At the assaulting of jerusalem (where he so●loed under his father,) he shot of xii arrows which he bestowed in such sort, that with each of them he slew a man, of them which stood on the walls, in the defence of the City. He used such lenity in his Empire at Rome, 
The great lenity of Titus  that he never punished any one man at all. Such as were convict to have conspired against him, be dismyste and pardoned in such sort, that forth with he would again use and accept them in like familiarity, as he did before. He was so easy to ve entreated, and there with also liberal, 
The liberality of Titus.  that he never denied request to any man. For which cause when his friends rebuked him, for that his largesse and liberality: he made them this goodly answer. From an Emperor 
An example of a right princely heart.  quoth he, none ought to depart sorrowful, for not obtaining their requests. And for this cause ones, as he sat at Supper, and bethought him that he had that day given nothing to any man, he said: O my friends I have lost this day, (accounting that for no day, in which 
The Theatre built, a place made half round, where the people assembled to behold plays.  he gave not some thing away.) He builded the Theatre at Rome, a place made round, very good to behold plays and interludes. And at the first erecting thereof, he slew siue thousand wild beasts.  
When he was through this demeaninge himself passingly well beloved of all men, he fell sick and died at the same Manor place where his father did, after that he had 
Titus died.  reigned two years, eight months, and twenty days, and in the forty year of his age. There was no less 
Titus his age and reign.  moan and lamentation made for him after his death, then if every man had bewailed his own private loss and aloneness. The Senate hearing of his decease, forthwith in haste went that same night in the evening tide into the counsel house, and there rendered unto him (being now at this time dead) so great praise & thanks as they did never the like to him at any time. While he yet lived, & was conversant among them. He was 
Titus' canonized.  also canonized. After his decease, Domitianus 
12. Domitianus the xii Emperor brother to Titus began his reign in the. 4043. year after the creation of the world, in the 835. year after the building of Rome and in the year of our Lord 83 he expulsed the Philosophers and studiers of the mathematical sciences forth of Rome he was the two. emperor that persecuted the christians, whom he put to death like as Nero did. The cruelty and pride of Domitianus  obtained the Empire, being younger brother to Titus: but he resembled more Nero or Caligula, or Tiberius, than he did either his father or his brother. In the first beginning of his Empire, he behaved himself with great temperance and modesty: But soon after, being enfected with the vices of fleshly lust, anger, cruelty, & avarice, he so kindled the hatred of all men against him, that he did in manner quite abolish and blot out of memory, the good deserts of his father and brother. He slew the most worthy of the Senate. He was the first which commanded himself to be called a God: He would not permit the Romans to set up any pictures of him, unless they were of gold or silver. He slew his own cozen germane. He was moreover of an horrible pride. He made in his time four viages only. One against the Sarmatians, an other against the Cattianes', and two into Dacia, (which is now called Denmark.) He triumphed twice over the Dacianes and the Cattianes'. When he had subdued the Sarmatianes', he ware but a garland of bay only. He sustained sundry damages in those battles: for in Sarmatia his Legiones and captain were slain. And by the Danes, Appius Sabinus one of the Consuls, & Cornelius Fiscus, captain of the emperors guard were also slain, and great garrisons of men with them beside. He finished sundry pieces of work at Rome: among which, was the Capitol, the place for Musicians and singing men, the two galleries called Isium and Serapium, and the Tilt, (a place for men to run in.)  
At length, being abhorred and detested of all men for divers his wicked doings, he was slain in 
Domitianus slain.  his palace by his own men, in the xiv. year of his age, and the xu year 
Domitianus his age and reign.  of his reign. His corpse was carried forth to burial by such only, as usually carry the bodies of other mean men in Rome to burying, and so he was buried very dysworshipfullye.   

¶ The eight book of the Breviary of Eutropius.  
IN the eight hundredth & fifty year after the building 
Vetus & Valens Consuls.  of the city of Rome, at what time Vetus and Valens, were consuls, the weal public 
When common wealths flourish.  of Rome aspired to a marvelous prosperous estate again. For that now with great good hap, the 
13. Nerua the 13 Emperors began his Empire in the. 4058. year after the creation, of the world, in the 850. year after the building of Rome and in the year of our Lord God. 98.  administering there of, was committed and betaken to the guidance of good rulers.  
For after the death of Domitianus that deadly tyrant, Nerua succeeded: a man which in his private life, behaved himself very soberly, and yet was he both stout and manful.  
He was descended but of a mean line of nobility. ●y the procur ement of Petronius Secundus, who was captain of the guard, and Parthenius which was he that slew Domitianus, he was chosen Emperor, being then berye aged. He demeaned himself very uprightly and curtuously. He provided very ●ire unispectlye for the weal public, by adopting Traianus to his son. Nerua 
Nerua deceased. Nerua his age & raygn.  died at Rome, after that he had reigned 
14 Vlpius Traianus the. iiii Emperor began his reign in the. 4060 year after the creation of the world, in the 8●1. year after come was built, and in the. 100 year after th incarnation of christ he was then. foreyner that was created Emperor, he was a Spaniard borne and no Italian. adopted to the succession of the Empire by Nerua. he was the third emperor that persecuted the christians. But in his time it was decreed that they should not be called to examinatyon, except they had been first accused. Armenia renewed.  one year, iiii. months, and viii days, in the lxxvi year of his age. After his death, he was canonized.  
After him succeeded Vlpius Traianus Crinitus, who was born at Italica in Spain, whose parentage was more ancient of time then noble of birth. His father was first Consul: them after he became to have government of tother Agrippina a city in France. He governed the weal public in such sort, that he might worthily be preferred above all other Princes. He was one of passing great civility and stoutness withal. He enlarged both in length and breadth, the borders and marches of the Roman Empire, which sith the time of Augustus, was rather but defended and only conserved, then worthily augmented. He repaired those cities which were ruinous and fallen in decay on the farther side of Rhine in Germany. He subdued Dacia, and vanquished Decibalus. He created a Province on the farther side of Danubius, in those parties where as now the Taiphalianes inhabit. That Province extended to a thousand miles in cixcuit. He recovered Armenia, which the Parthians had won, and slew Pharnaces the Sirian who detained it. He appointed one to be king over the Albans. He received under obeisance, the kings of the Spaniards, the Moscovites, the Bosphoranes, the Arabiaves, the Dsdroenes, and of the inhabitants of Cholchos. He conquered the Adiabenes and Marchomedes. He subdued Antemusium a great region of Persia. He wan Seleucia, Ctesiphontes, Babilone, and Edissios, and brought that country in subjection unto the borders of India, and marched still forward, until he came to the red sea, where he founded three Provinces, Armenia, Assiria, and Mesopotamia: together 
Three provinces made.  with those people which border upon Macedon. After that, he reduced Arabia also into the form of a Province. He prepared a navy for the red Sea, minding there with 
A voyage prepared on the red sea.  to spoil the coasts and borders of India. But his courtesy and sobriety excelled far all those his Martial 
The passing same of Traianus.  feats. He behaved himself at Rome and else where through all his Provinces, fellow like to all men.  
He went oftentimes to his friends houses to salute the● and visit them if they were sick and diseased.  
If they feasted one an other, he would also banquet among them, without putting any difference between them and himself.  
Often would he ride with them in their chariots. He would Mever harm any Senator, nor commit any thing contrary to justice, for the augmenting of his treasure. He used great liberality towards all men. Both openly and secretly enriched he all persons, and advanced to honours divers such as he had but very small acquaintance and familiarity withal. He built in manner a whole world himself. He enfranchised many cities. In fine, he did nothing, but it was very quietly done, and void of all trouble.  
For during all his whole reign, there was but only one Senator condemned, whom the residue 〈◊〉 the Senate adjudged to death, unwitting to Traianus. For which cause, he was through all the whole world reputed of all men most like to a God. So that both whilst he ye● 
Traianus reputed for a God.  lived, and after his death also, he demerited immortal honour. Among the residue of all his worthy sayings, this one of his, deserveth eternal memory. When his friends happened once to reprehend him, for that he behaved himself so gently towards all men, he made this answer: that when he was now Emperor, he showed himself to be such towards 
A worthy saying of an Emperor.  his subjects and popular people, as he (when he was as yet a subject) wished the Emperor to have been to him wards. When he had thus purchased great glory and renown both for civil and also Martial policy, as he returned from Persides, he sickened and died by the way, at Seleucia 
Traianus deceased.  a town of Isauria of the flux: when he had lived lxii years, ix. months and four days, in the xix year 
Traianus his age & reign.  vi. month, and xu day of his reign. He was canonized, and of all other, 
trajan the first Emperor which was buried within the city.  he alone was buried within the city. His bones were put in a golden cup, and set under a pillar, in a street which he built himself, which pillar amounted in height to an C. and xliiii foot. The facts of Traianus are so rife in memory, that even in these our days in the Senate or Council house, the fortunate acclamations and well wishynges to the Prince by his commons, at his elections, are used to be these. That hes might prove in his affairs more fortunate than Angustus, and in behaviour and demeanour of himself, to excel Traianus. So much prevailed in him the fame of perfect goodness, that whether men flatter him, or do in deed commend him, he gave undoubtedly just occasion to be accounted a most worthy example to others.  
When Traianus was deceased, Elius Adrianus was created Emperor, 
15. Elius Adrianus the xu Emperor, begenne his reign in the. 4079. year after the creation of the world, the 871. year after Rome was built, & the 119. year atfer Christ, he gave himself wholly to purchase peace & quietness, there was no one Emperor sense Augustus time, which advantaged the common we'll so much as he did, he was very expert in Astrenomy he made prognosticatyons, yearly for his own self. He persecuted the christians at the first, but after he had red divers bakes which certain Christians that were learned men, wrote to him, he wild that none should be apprehended for religyons' sake.  not for that Traianus willed it should be so, but through the only procurement of Plotina wife to Traianus. For so long as Traianus was yet living, he would never adopt him, nor make him his heir: although he was his own sister's daughter's son, and cozen to him. He was also borne at Italica in Spain.  
This Adrianus envying at the glory of Traianus, yielded up the keeping of those three provinces which Traianus had annexed to the city of Rome, and removing his armies from Assiria, Mesopotamia, and Armenia, he mineded that his Empire should not have extended any further that way, than to the river Euphrates. But when he purposed to give over Dacia also, which then the Romans' kept, his friends dissuaded him from that (fearing least by that means, many Roman citizens should have been endangered to fall in to the hands of the Barbarians.) For Traianus after that he had subdued Dacia,) removed thither great plenty of people, whom he assembled together through all the Roman Empire and dominion, to inhabit there, and manure that land. For that Dacia was through the continual wars of Decibalus, become now void of inhabitants, and clean without strength, He had peace during the whole time of his Empire. Only one battle waged he and that 
One bettayle only during the reign of Adriands.  by his Provost. He went over all the Roman Empire himself, and built many places there. He was very eloquent in the Latin tongue, and exceeding well seen in the Greek tongue. He was not greatly commended for any clemency which he used. He was exceeding circumspect about the treasury, and Martial policy. He deceased in Campania, being above the 
Adrianus deceased, hieage and reign.  age of lx years, when he had reigned xxi years ten months and xix days. The Senate would not canonize him. Nevertheless his successor Ditus Aurelius Fuluius required very earnestly that he might be canonized: which thing all the Senate did openly withstand. How be it at length, he obtained it. Than after, Adrianus there succeeded Antonius Fuluius Boionius who was called 
16. Antonius Fulnius Boionius the. 16. Emperor, whom Adrianus adopted, began his reign in the. 140. year after the incarnation of Christ.  also Pias: he was descended of a noble family, but yet of no long antiquity. He was a notable man, and such one as might worthily be compared with Numa Pompilius, like as ●●aianus might be conferred with Romulus. When he was as yet a private man, he behaved himself very well, and in his Empire far better. He showed cruelty to no man. He exhibited great courtesy to all men. In Martial feats he obtained mean glory, endeavouring evermore rather to defend, then to amplify and enlarge his provinces: assigning the justest men that he could find, to hear office in the common wealth. He advanced always to promotyons such as were good men, and detested such as were lewd and naughty persons, without using (for all that,) any rigour or cruelty to any of them. Among such kings as had joined friendship and amity with the Romans, he was not only reverenced, but feared also. In so much that divers nations of the Barbarianes 
A notable argument of justice and indifferency.  (setting wars and force aside) would bring their controversies and matters in debate, to be decided before him: yielding themselves wholly to abide his determinate sentence there in. And where as before thaccep taunce of th'empire, he was exceeding rich, and of passing great wealth, yet during his said reign, he did wonderfully diminish and abate his said substance, and greatly impoveryshe himself by augmenting the wages of his soldiers, and using so great liberality towards his friends. How be it he left the common treasure well stored and wealthy. He was called Pius, for the great pity and gentleness which he used. He deceased at Lorium a Manor 
Antonius' deceased of a fever.  place of his own, which was situate xii miles distant from Rome, when he had lived lxxiii years, and reigned xxiii years. He was worthily canonized.  
next after him, Marcus Antonius 
17. M. Antonius Verus the 17. Emperor began his reign in the year of our Lord 163 he was passig wellearnd, he adminystred the Empire jointly with his brother L. Antoninus. In his time a piece of England received the faith.  Verus attained the Empire: A man which doubtless was come of a very noble house. He conveyed his descent by the father's side, from Numa Pompilius, and by his mother's side from king Salentinus. There reigned with him also as Emperor, Lucius Annius Antoninus Verus. At that time first began the weal public of Rome to be administered by two Emperors at one time, who with like and indifferent authority governed the same, whereas before that time, it was governed by one alone.  
These two were both of one kindred and alliance. For why, Verus Annius Antoninus espoused the daughter of Marcus Antoninus, and Marcus Antoninus, was son in law to Antoninus Pius, by mean of his wife Galeria Faustina the younger, which was his sister's daughter, and cozen germane to him.  
They waged battle against the Parthianes, which never erst 
Battle against the par thians.  rebelled, sith the victory that Traianus had over them.  
Verus Antonius took on him that voyage, and staying for a time in Antioch, and in the borders of Armenia, he achieved sundry and those worthy feats there, by mean of his captains. He won Seleucia a very 
Seleucia wan.  famous City of Assiria, and took prisoners v. C. M. men in it. He brought a triumph with him forth of Parthia and solemnized it with his brother, who was also his Father in law. But as he departed from the city Concordia, minedinge to go towards Altium, (which is now called Torrine,) he died. For as he road in chariot with his brother, he was suddenly stricken with an issue of blood, by mean of a disease, which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. (The 
Antonius Verus deceased  force of the disease is such, that those whom it taketh, it depriveth of their senses,) he was ve rye witty. Of himself, he was disposed and inclined to no great civility e. But yet for the rinse which he stood in of his brother, he durst never attempt any cruel fact. When he was deceased, which 
Antoninus Verus his age & reign.  was in the xi year of his reign, he was canonized. After his death, Marcus Antoninus alone governed 
The roman Empire reduced to that form of a Monarch again.  the Empire, being such one as men might rather marvel at, then but praise only. For from the beginning of his reign, he was very sober and grave. In so much that in his childhood, he would never aultare his countenance, either for mirth or for sorrow. He was wholly addicted to the Philosophy or doctrine of the stoics, professing himself not only in outward demeanour and kind of living, but by his learning also, to be a right Philosopher. When he was as yet but a very young man, he was had in such admiration, that Adrianus purposed then with himself, to leave him as his successor in his Empire. How be it he adopted Antoninus Pius minding so to contrive the matter that Marcus should be son in law to Antoninus Pius whom he adopted, and that so, by order of succession, he might at last aspire to the Empire. In philosophy he was instructed by Apollonius the Chalcedonian. He was traded up in the Greek tongue by Sextus Cheronesus, who was nephew to Plutarch. He was taught the Latin tongue, by Frontus a notable Orator. He dealt withal men up rightly at Rome. He was nothing 
Worthy commendatyon of a prince.  the higher minded for all the pomp of his Empire. He was exceeding liberal. He entreated the provinces which were under his government with great gentleness & moderation. Matters took very good success in Germany, during the reign of this Prince. He waged one battle himself against the Marcomanes: (who are supposed to be the people of Bohemia.) 
A battle by the Bohemians.  This battle was so great & cruel, that almost no man can ever remember the like, so that it might well be compared with those which were waged against the Carthaginiens. It was so much the more ctuel and grievous, for in that battle all his army died. For during his reign, there fell so great a Pestilence, that after the victory which he got over 
A great Pestilence in Italy.  the Persians, the greatest part of the inhabitants of Rome and italy, and other the Provinces, and well nigh all the soldiers died.  
Where upon when by the space of three years continually without intermissyon, he had continued his battle at Carnuntum, he finished at length his battle against 
The battle which the Bohemians finished.  the Marcomannes, which the Quadianes, the Vaudales, the Sarmatianes', the Swyssers, and all barbary had maintained against the Romans.  
He slew there many thousands of men: and when he had delivered the Hungarians forth of bondage, he triumphed again at Rome with his 
M. Antoninus triumphed at Rome.  sone Commodus Antoninus, whom he created Cesar. And when through the charges and expenses of the said battle, he had exceadingly wasted and nigh spent all his treasure, and had now nothing left which he might give abroad as he had accustomed, he would not yet for all that, exact any thing among the Senators or others about the Provinces, but did choose rather to sell all his wardrobe by piece meal, in that street which Traianus made. There made 
Themperor sold all his substance rather than he would charge his subjects with exactions  he also open sale of all his plate of gold, cups of Crystal, & Murrhine stone: He sold moreover, the apparel which belonged to himself and his wife, and divers other jewels & ornaments of precious stones. The foresaid sale lasted by the space of ii whole months. By this mean, he got again much gold into his treasury. But so soon as he had obtained the victory, he repaired to such as had bought any part of his said substance, their money again, to such of them as would depart with the things which they had all ready bought. And those which desired rather to detain still that which they had bought, then to take their money again, he never molested or disquieted for it. He llcensed such as were noble men to feast with like sumptuousness and furniture, and to be served with like servitors as he was himself. When he had gotten the victory, he was so liberal in dealing gifts, that in one day (as the report went,) he gave away an C. Lions together. Thus when he had reduced 
The great largesse of Antoninus.  the weal public, to a most fortunate estate, both for manhood and courtesy, he deceased in the xviii year of his reign, when he had lived lx years and one, and was canonized, (all the people earnestly labouring to have it so,) After him succeeded Lucius Antoninus Commodus his son, who 
L. Antoninus Commodus, the 18. emperor began his reign in the year of our Lord. 181.  in one thing resembled his father, but only that he had also good success in battle against the Germans. He would have changed the name of the month of September, and called it Commodꝰ after his own name. He defamed himself with riot & ribaudry. He played oftentimes in thopenopen schools of fence, & sometimes also upon the theatre or stage, with this masters of defence themselves. He died suddenly 
Antoninus Commodus died suddenly.  so that men did judge that he was either thrailed or poisoned, when he had reigned xii years and viii months after the decease of his father, he was so abhorred of all men, that even after 
Commodus Antoninus his reign.  his decease, he was deemed as an enemy of mankind. After him succeeded 
19 Pertinax the 19 Emperor began his reign the 194 year of our Lord.  did Pertinax, who was then very aged, for why he was lxx. years of age and at that time called Prefecturoo: And when he had reigned lxxx days, he was slain in an uproar which fell among the guard, through the 
Pertinax slain.  treason of julianus.  
next after him Saluius julianus got the Empire, a noble man 
Saluius julianus the 26. emperor began his reign in the year of our Lord. 194.  and one which was very expert in the laws: nephew to that julianus, who during the reign of Adrianus the Emperor, (whom the Romans worshipped for a GOD,) made always the Proclamatyons and other thedicts and ordinances of the Emperor. This julianus was discomfited by Severus, at the bridge 
julianus discomfited.  called Miluius bridge, and being pursued, was soon after slain in his palace. He lived vii months after 
julianus slain.  the time that he first began to 
julianus his reign.  reign. From that time, Septunius Severus took the rule and government of the Roman Empire: Who was born at a town called Lepus, which was in Tripolinata, a province in Africa. He was the only Emperor, (after as any man can remember,) 
The only Emperor created forth of Africa.  either before that time, or sith, which was create Emperor forth of Africa. He had first the ordering and oversight of the treasure, soon after he was made Tribunus Militum. From thence, passing through divers offices and preferments: At last he became to have the administration of the whole weal public. He willed that men should call him Pertinax, for the great zeal and good will which he seemed to owe to that Pertinax which was slain by julianus: He was very sparing and near himself, and by nature cruel. He waged sundry battles, and those with great dexterity & good success. 
Severus his valiantness.  He slew Percenius Niger at Cizicus, who rebelled in Egipte and Syria. He oveacame the Parthians. He subdued the Arabians so nigh, that he made a province there. By mean whereof, he demerited to have the names 
Sextinus Severus called Parthicus and Arabicus  to be called Parthicus and Arabicus. He repaired many things through out the Roman Empire. In this time also Clodius Albinus, who had associated himself with julianus 
Clodius Albinus created himself Cesarium France.  to help him to ●lea Pertinax, created himself Cesar in France, and was vanquished at Louane, and slain there. But Severus beside that he did excel in glory, purchased by feats of arms, he was also reverenced for his civil policy. He was hothe 
Worthy praise in a prince.  learned, and had attained besides the perfection of the knowledge of Philosophy. The last battle which he waged, was in Britain. And to the 
Severus subdued Britain.  end that he might make sure with defence all such provinces as he had won there, he caused a trench to be cast from sea to sea a long, the length of xxii miles. He deceased at York, being very aged in the xviii. year and 
Severushys' age & reign.  iiii. month of his reign, & was canonized. He left his son Bassianus & Geta to succeed him in his Empire. But he willed the Senate that they should call his son Bassianus, Antoninus. Whereupon he was named Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Bassiainus, 
22. Antoninus Bassianus the 22. Emperor, after his father's death, begun his Empire in the 213. year after Christ's Incarnation, he slew his brother in law at his mother's breasts.  & succeeded his father alone. For Geta who was counted as open enemy to the weal public, died forthwith. Thus was Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus, who was also called Caracalla, created Emperor. He was well nigh like of conditions unto his father, but somewhat sharp & more full of threatenings. He founded the baths at Rome which were called Antonians, a notable piece of work. Besides that, he did nothing worthy 
Autoniane baths founded at Rome.  of memory. He was out of measure given to sensuality, and carnal concupiscence: in so much that he espoused his mother in law juba. He died in Osdroenes at Edessa, as he made preparation for his voyage against the Parthians, in the vi year and second month of his reign, when he had lived scant xliii years. He was buried very simply, after the common sort of people. There were Opilius Macrinus, and his son Diadumenus created Emperors. This Macrinus was sometime captain of the guard. They did nothing that was worthy of memory, for the short time of their reign, which endured but by the space of one year and two months. They were slain both together in a sedityon which fell among the soldiers. Next after them was Marcus Aurelius Antoninus created Emperor, whom men supposed to be the son of Antoninus Garacalla. He was one of the priests of the Temple of Heliogalus. When he was come to Rome being long looked for, both by the Senate and soldiers.  
He defamed and prostituted himself to all kind of shame and reproach. He lived very unchastely and filthily. And about two years and viii months afterward. He was slain in 
Aurelius Antonius slain.  an uproar which the soldiers made, and his mother Semia Sirrah with him.  
After him, Aurelius Alexander be 
2. Aurelius Alexander the xxv. Emperor, was chosen Emperor when he was but xii years of age. He was a very virtuous prince & one that favoured all good men, he was the first Emperor that favoured Christians, he began his reign, the 225. year after Christ's incarnation. Magister Scrivii.  came Emperor, whom the sonldiors named Cesar, and the Senate created Augustus, being as yet but a very young man. In the battle which he attempted against the Persians, he vanquished with great glory their king Xerxes, with great diligens he gave himself to martial policy. Certain legions of soldiers which made uproars and were unquiet, he dismiste and put forth of wages. He associated with him to assist him in judgement and giving of sentence, Vlpianus who made the laws, who also supplied an O ffyce in Rome, which was called magister Scrivii, an office (much like that) whithe we call here the master of the Rolls.) This Emperor demeaned himself very gently at Rome. He was slain 
Aurelius Alexander slain  in France in a tumult that grew among the soldiers, iv the xiii year and viii day of his reign. Who showed during his whole life time very great godliness towards all men: especially toward his mother Mamea.   

¶ The ninth book of the Breviary of Eutropius.  
AFter that Aurelius 
26. Maximinus the 26. emperor began his reign in the year of our Lord. 237. he was first a shepherd in Thracia, and became after to be a soldiers.  was dead Maximinus obtained the Empire, being descended of a mean parentage: for why, his father was a souldioure. He was the first that aspired to the Empire, by mean of the soldiers only, not being authorized by the Senate, & one who had been never himself Senator before: when he had with good success fought against the Germans, and was by the soldiers nominated Emperor, he was slain by Pupienus at Aquileia, (and his son 
Maximinus' slain.  with him, who was as then but a very child.) when he had reigned by the space of three years, and a few 
Maximinus' his reign.  deed days, at which time his own soldiers forsook him, and fled from him, than were there three which at one time in Rome bore the name of Augustus, which were Pupienus 
Three Emperors together at Rome.  Balbinus, and Gordianus: of which the ii first were descended of a very base line, but Gordianus was come of a noble progeny: for why, his father should have been chosen Prince by the soldiers, at what time he supplied the office of Consul in Africa: during the reign of Maximinus. So soon as they were come to Rome, Balbinus and Pupienus were 
Balbinus & Pupienus slain.  slain in the palace: and the Empire was reserved for Gordianus alone. Who being as yet but very young, 
27. Gordianus the 27 Emperor began his reign the 241 year of our Lord.  espoused Tranquilliva at Rome, and warred in two places together at ones.  
And took his voyage from thence into these parts, he waged battle against the 
He raygued vi. years.  Parthians who were now ready to issue forth of their city against him. This battle in short space took very good success. And he in sundry great skirmyshes did sore afflyct the Persians'. But as he returned, he was 
Gordianus slain.  slain, not far from the borders of the Romans, through the treason of Philip, who succeeded him in the Empire. After his death one of his soldiers erected a monument for a memorial of him, about twenty miles distant from Circesshus (which is now a castle of the Romans): near adjoining to Euphrates His funerals 
Gordianus canonized.  were solemnized at Rome, and he was canonized. Then the two Philips, the father and the son took 
28. Philip the 28 Emperor, began his reign with his son, the year of our lord. 247. the year of their reign was the 1000 year after Rome was built.  on them the government of the Empire, after that Gordianus was thus slain, and returned into italy, leading back with them the army forth of Syria. It was accounted the M. year after the building of the city of Rome, at what time they began first their reign: which year was celebrated with great solemnity and preparation of games and shows. Not long after they were both slain by th'army. 
The two. philip's slain.  The elder Philip at Verona the younger was slaive at Rome. They reigned by the space of v. years, and were canonised both. After their decease, 
29. Decius the 29. Emperer beganhiss reign in the year of our Lord. 252 he was the. 8. Emperor which persecuted the chry stians, he made an act that all that worshipped Christ, should be slain. Some judged he was swallowed up in an earthovake.  Decius (who was born at Bubalia in Hungary) obtained th'empire. He repressed a evil battle which was commenced in France. He creaied his son Cesar. He founded a bathe in Rome. But both he and his son were slain in Barbary: after that they had reigned by the space of two years and were canonized. There were then created Emperors, Gallus Hostiliaws: and Volusianus his son.  
During the time of their Empire, 
10. Gallus Hosti Itanus the. 30 Empiror, began his reign in the year of our lord. 254. together with his son Volusianus. He was also a persecutor of the christians they reigned scant two. years  Emilianus attempted new conspiracies in Moesia, and when they both went to subdue him, they were slain at Iteramna, and so reigned not full out two years. They committed no fact worthy of memory. Their Empire was for this cause only remembered, for that during the time there of, there fell great plagues and sundry other diseases and mala dies with in the Roman Empire. Emilianus like as he was of base 
Great plagues in the romain Empire.  stock descended, right so was the time of his Empire very obscure, and without fame: when be had 
Emilianus emperors.  reigned iii months he was slain.  
After him Lucinius Valerianus, who had the government of Rhoetia and Norseus, and was lieutenant 
31. Lucius Valerius the 31. Emperor, begun his Empire in the 256 yereafter Christ's Incarnation, he was a persecutor of the christians, & used them so extremely that many of them forsook the faith for fear of death.  there, was by the army created Emperor, and eftsoons made Augustus. At that time, was Galienus also made Cesar at Rome by the assent of the Senate. The reign of these two was very pernityous and hurtful, and in manner an utter decoy to the fame and renown of the Romans, what for the misfortune and evil luck which they had in their affairs, and what for the cowardness of the said princes. The germans were entered within Italy, and approached unto the city Ravenna. Valerianus waginge battle in Mesopotamia, 
Valerianus discomsyted & taken prisoner by Sapor●s. and used very vilely, for when Sapores would take his horse, he made Valerianus to lie on the ground that he might tread on him while he got upon his horseback in stead of a blok or sotestole.  was discomslted there, by Sapores king of the Persians, and soon after was taken prisonner: and ended his life among the Persians in most servile bondage, Galienus (who was made Augustus) being as yet but a very young man. At the first he did with great derterity govern the weal public: Sun after, indifferently well, and at the last, marvelous naughtily. For when he was but young, he at cheved and brought to pass sundry things in Frasice & Illiria ●ery stoutly. He slew jugenuꝰ at Mursia, (one of the peers of the country) & Treballinnus. Long time after that, he behaved himself marvelous still and quiet.  
Afterward giving himself wholly over to wantonness and riot from thence forth he governed the weal public, with exceeding great cowardice, so that things fell into passing great desperation. The Almains when they had despoiled France, 
The Romans annoyed the Roman empire.  they invaded Italy. And Dacia, which was situate on the farther side of the river Danubius, and by Traianus was annexed to the Roman Empire, was then lost. Grease, Macedon, Pontns, and Asia were over run by the Goths. Hungary was despoiled by the Sarmatians, and the Bohemians. 
A great part of the Roman empire won by foreigners.  The Germans proceeded still forward until they came to Spain, where they conquered the worthy city Tarracon. When the Parthians had no we gotten Mesopotomia, they began also to pretend atytle and of claim to Syria. Thus when things were well-nigh past all hope of reconerye, and the Roman Empire almost wholly extinguished, Posthumius a French man borne, being 
Posthumius usurped the estate imperial  come of a very base stock, intruded into th'empire, and governed the same by the space of ten years, in such sort, that through his great prowess and manhood, he recovered those provinces, which were then almost quite lost. But within a while after, he was slain in a tumult, in which the 
Posthumius slain.  soldiers rose against him, for that he would not licence and permit them to rifle and sack the city Moguncia, which rebelled against him: at which place, Lollianus also begun new conspiracies. After him, Marius a handicrafts 
Marius usurped the imperial estate.  man, of a very vile and reject occupation, got the Empire, and the next day after he was slain. Then 
Victorinus governed France.  Victorinus took on him the government of France: he was a marvelous stout man of courage, but overmuch given to carnal concupiscens. And when he fell to deflower and force other men's wives, he was slain at 
Victorinus slain.  the city Agrippina in the second year of his reign, through the treason of one Acturius. After him succeeded Tetricus the Senator, who being lieutenant 
Tetricus chosen emperor  over the part of France, which is called Aquitany or Guion, was in his absence by the whole consent of his soldiers chosen Emperor, and at Bordeaux he took estate upon him. He overstode sundry tumults of the soldiers. But whilst that those things took this success in France, the Persians were vanquishte in the East parts by Odenatus. Syria was 
The Persians vanquished  defended against such as invaded it, and Mesopotamia was again recovered. Odenatus proceeded forward, until he came to Ctesiphontes a town in Parthia. Then when Galienus had resigned and given up the government of the weal public, the Roman Empire was adminystred by two at ones. The East parts by Odenatus, and the West parts 
The roman Empire governed by ii at ones.  by Posthumius.  
In this mean space, Galienus & Valerianus were slain at Milan, in the ninth year of their reign, and Claudius succeaded after them, who was chosen by the soldiers, and by 
32. Claudius' the 23. Emperor, began his reign in the year of our Lord. 271 a very worthy man, he recovered again things which were gone to decay during the reins of Valeriauus and Galienus  the Senate created Augustus. He overcame in sharp wars the Goths, he won Illiria, and discomfited & put to flight such as despoiled Macedon. He was a very sparing man, and a sober. A maintainer of justice, and such one, as was fit to governea weal public. Within ii years after that he began first his reign, he sickened and died, and was canonized. The Senate attributed great honours unto him. For why, they caused to be hanged up, a golden Target or shield in the Council house: and in the Capitol, a golden Image to be created for a perpetual memory of him.  
Next after Quintilius brother to that same Claudius, was by the whole consent of the soldiers nominated 
Quintilius nominated emperor.  Emperor, a man of singular sobriety & gentleness, worthy to be compared with his brother, or rather to be preferred before him. By the assent of the Senate, he was made Augustus, and 
Quintilius slain.  was slain within xvii days after that he began his reign. Then Aurelianus accepted the government of the Empire. 
33. Aurelianus the. 33. emperor preferred to that dignity by Claudius, begun his reign in the year of our Lord. 213, he was the tenth emperor that deltexttemely with Christians.  He was borne at Dacia Ripensis, (which is now called Denmark.) He was a stout man in war, how be it his mind was inclined to unmeasurable cruelty. He subdued also manfully the Goths. He restored the Romain Empire to the wont and ancient precincts, after long and uncertain fortune of battle. He vanquished Tetricus at Catalaunos in France, where Tetricus betrayed 
Tetricus vanquished and deposed l  his own army unto him, for that he could not endure the daily sedytions and discensions which sprung among his soldiers. Whereupon he requested Aurelius by letters seacreatly, that he would rid him from those calamities. In his said letters he used this verse of Virgil. eripe me his muicte malis (which is). Deliver me forth of these miseries thou victorious, and invincible conqueror. He took Zenobia prisnoner in an exceeding great battle, almost fast by Antioch, when he had first slain her husband Odenatus: who had now got all the East parts under his dominion. 
Odenatus slain.  And when he came to Rome, he triumphed worthily, as he, who had again recovered both the east and West parts of the Empire. 
Aurelianus triumphed at Rome.  There went before his chariot in the triumph, Tetricus, and Zenobia. But Tetricus was afterward deputed to have the reforming and redressing of Lucania, and lived as a private person there, of long tyme. And Zenobia atter her decease, lef● her posterity at Rome, which deo as yet to this day remain there. During the reign of Aurelianus, the coiners of money rebelled with 
Coiners rebelled in Rome.  in the city of Rome. They depraved the coin, and slew one Foelicissinnus Rationalis. But Aurelianus when he had ones subdued them, he kept them under with great extremity of punishment. divers of their Principals, he put to death. He demeaned himself with great cruelty, and as a blood thyrster. Many reverenced him more for the dignity and room which he supplied, then for any zeal or love that they bore to him. He practised always horrible rigour. In so much that he● slew his own sister's sons. How be it he endeavoured by all means to reform martial policy, and to reduce and frame to good order the dissolute and corrupted conditions of the people. He environed the City of Rome 
Rome walls new made.  with stronger walls. He founded a temple there, which he dedicated to the Sun. Upon which he bestowed 
The temple of the Sun founded at Rome.  an infinite deal of gold and pretyous stones. He surrendered and gave up the keeping of the province of Dacia: 
Dacia yielded up.  which Traianus founded upon the farther side of the river Danubius, and despoiled all Illiria, and Moesta for that he stood in doubt how he should be able to defend the same any longer.  
And conveying all the Romans ●●et● of the Cities and Countries of Dacia, he planted them in the midst of Moesia, which is new situate lying on the right side of Danubius, where the lee hath his course, which before lay more on the left side. He was slain through the treason of his 
Aurelianus slain.  own servants, who falsely & traitorously counterfeiting th'emperors hand, made in a rol the names of sundry men, (which in deed were such as themperdure fancied, and was very much affectioned unto) affirming to them that the Emperor had decreed their deaths. Whereupon they thinking to prevent that pretence of the Emperor, slew him in the midst of his journey upon the causye way, which was between Constantinople and Heraciea. The place was called Cenophrurium. How be it, his death was not unrevenged. He was canonised, he reigned by the space of v. years and vi months. 
Aurelianus his reign.   
Next after him, Tacitus obtained th'empire, a man of exceeding good 
34. Tacitus the 34. emperor began his reign in the year of our Lord. 279.  conditions, and such one as was meet to govern o weal public. Nevertheless he could not show any document of his worthiness, for that within vi. months after the commencement of his Empire, hes 
T●acitus deceased.  was preusnted by death.  
Then Florianus, who succeeded 
35.  Tacitus, administered the Empire by 
35. Florianus the 35. Emperor, begun his Empire in the 279 year after Christ's Incarnation.  the space of two months and twenty days: who in like manner did nothing which was worthy of memory. After him, Probus a man singulerlye expert in warfare, became Emperor. He recovered France, which the Barbarians had won before. He vanquished 
36. Probus the 36. Emperor, began his reign in the year of our Lord. 279  in sundry skirmishes, divers which attempted to usurp the estate imperial: as Saturninus in the East parts, and Proculus, and Bonosus at Agrippina. He licenced the french 
France reconered.  men and the Hungarians to have vineyards. He caused the hill Almus adjoining to the city Sirmium, and the hill Aureus in Mesia the higher, 
vineyards permiited in France and Hungary.  to be planted with vines by the hands of his soldiers, and after gave them to men of the same Provinces, to be tilled and husbanded. After that he had waged innumerable battles, and had at the last purchased peace: and that all the countress round about were now quiet, he said that within short space, soldiers should not be requisite ne needful. He was a very earnest, stout, and a just man, and such one as was able to match Aurelianus his predecessor for renown achieved by chivalry, and as for civility and courteous behaviour, he excelled him far. He was slain at Sirmium 
Probus slain  in an uproar (which grew among the soldiers) in an Iron tower, when he had reigned vi years and 
Probus his reign.  three months.  
After him Carus was created Augustus, who was borne at Narbona 
37. Carus the. 37. Emperor began his reign the 286. year of our Lord.  in France. He immediately upon his said creation made Carinus and Numerianus his sons, Cesares: and with them he reigned by the space of two years. But when he took battle in hand against the 
Carinus and Numerianus Caesar's.  Sarmatians (having understanding of the insurrection of the Persians,) he changed his viage into the East 
The Persians' subdued.  parts, where he achieved things manfully against the Persians, & subdued them in battle. He won Seleucia 
Seleucia and Ctesiphontes won.  the chiefest city of Syria, and Ctesiphontes a town in Persia, and being in his tents which were pitched fast upon Tigris, he was stricken 
Carus slain with lightning  with lightning from heaven, and so died: Numerianus also his Son, (whom he took to that battle with him, which he waged against the Persians,) being a young man of a wonderful towardness, for that he was pained with a grief in his eyes so that he could not ride, was carried in an horse litter thronghe the persuasion of Aper his Father in 
Numerianus slain.  law, by whose treason he was there slain: and his death concelde until that Aper might have opportunity to get the Empire. But through the stench of his carcase, his death was bewrayed.  
For why, the soldiers which followed the horse litter wherein he was carried, being annoyed with the smell, plucking of the coverings from the bed, found him dead, and within short while after understood how he was slain. In this mean while, Carinus whom Carus his father (when he made his expedition against the Persians) had deputed Cesar over Illiria, France and Italy, gave himself over to all kind of mischief. He put divers innocents to death for very small crimes. He forced and deflowered divers noble men's wives, and harmed oft times such his school fellows as reproved him gently, and with fair words for certain misdemenures which he used in thauditory or place where they heard their lectures, through which occasious, he grew to be hated of all men, and not long after, suffered condign punishments for those his facts. For when the army was returned forth of Persia, after these discomfitures (that is to say,) when they had lost Carus Augustus by lightning, and Numerianus Cesar by treason, they created Dioclesianus 
38. Dioclesianus the. 38. Emperor began his reign the 288. year of our Lord, a man for policy and civil government, he was an exceeding sore persecutor of christians, in his reign there were slain within xxx days space to the number of 17000. christians.  Emperor, Who was borne at Dalmatia. He was descended of a very base stock: for divers adjudged that he was a scriveners son: Others there were that thought him to be bondman to Anulinus the Senator, and by him made free: he took an oath in the open assembly of the soldiers, that Numerianus was not slain by any his treason: and there with all, in the presence of all the soldiers, drawing forth his sword he ran Aper through, who stood fast by him, which was father in law to Numerianus, and had slain him. After that, he overcame Carinus, who yet lived, being hated and despited of all men, whom his own army, which was of great power & strength, betrayed, forsaking him between the two hills Viminatius and Aureus, when Carinus had on this sort obtained the Romalne Empire, the peisauntes of France began a commotion, and called that their conspiracy Bagande. They chose Amandus, and one other called Elianus to 
A commotion of the peasants of France.  be their captains. Against them, was sent Maximianus Herculius, than Cesar: who in easy battles vanquished the said peysaunts, and repressed and quieted again that part of France. After this, Carausius also (who though he was descended 
France pacified.  of a very base parentage, and yet had attained unto great renoum, for that he demeaned himself manfully in wars,) took upon him at Bononia to bring in quiet and to appaise the sea along the coast of Britain, and that part of France, called Gallia Belgica, which as then the Frenchmen and saxons did annoy. This Carausius when he had oft times apprehended sundry Barbarians, of whom he neither reserved the spoil whole, nor yet was accoumptable for it, to those which had the over sight of the provinces, ne to the Emperors themselves for that time being: it grew to be suspected, that of set purpose, he permitted the Barbarians to have recourse that way,) to the end that as they passed by freighted, he might board and rifell them, and by that means enrich himself. For which cause, Maximtanus commanded that he should be put to death. But he having understanding there of, fled 
Britain detained by Carausius.  into Britain and kept it by fonrce. Thus when as through the world all places were in an uproar, Carausius 
The roman Empire throughout disturbed.  rebelled in Britain, Achilleus in Egypt, the Quinque gentians molested afric, & Narseus waged battle against th'east parts, Dioclesianus made Maximianus Hercuculius Augustus also, who before was but Cesar. And Constantius, and one other Maximinus, he created Caesar's. 
Maximianus Herculius made Augustus, and associated fellow to Dioclesian in th'empire.  This Constantius was thought to be Claudius his daughter's son. And Maximianus Galerius was born in Dacia not far from Sardica. To the end therefore that he might knit those two in alliance, he caused Constantius to espouse Theodora daughter in law to Herculius: upon whom he begat vi children which were brothers to Constantinus. Galerins took to wife Valeria daughter to Dioclesianus. They were enforced both, to divorce their wives which they had before. Battle was then attempted against Carausius. A man 
Battle against Carausius.  of singular experience in matters of warfare, but they took no good effect. Where upon peace was concluded between them. And then in 
Peace concluded with Carausius.  the vii year after, Carausius was slain by Alectus his companion, 
Carausius slain.  Who then kept Britain himself 
Alectus detained Bretain.  by the space of three years, and was subdued afterward by Asclepiodoius captain of the guard. Thus was Britain recovered within ten years after 
Britain recovered.  that Carausius unrst took it. About the same time, a battle was fought by Constantius Cesar in France, 
War in France.  near about the Langrecians: & that time he experimented both adverse and prosperous fortune. For when the Barbarians assailed him very hastily, he was enforced to retire back again to the City, where he was so hardly bestead, that (the gates of the city being shut) he was fain to be drawn up the wall with ropes. And within less than .v. hours space 
A great over throw of the Almains.  after when he had assembled his army together, he issued forth against them, and slew almost lx M. Almains. By this time, had Maximinus Augustus in like manner finished his wars in Africa, where he subdued the Quinquegentianes', and made peac● 
Peace concluded with the Quinquegentians.  with them. About viii months after, Dioclesianus overcame Achilleus of Alexandria and slew him, and demeaned the victory which he had go● 
Achilleus siayne.  very cruelly. For why, he polluted all Egypt with great slaughter of men, and banished a great number beside. Nevertheless he established divers things very circumspectly there: which continue yet to these our days. Valerius Maximianus experimented at the first unlucky fortune, and soon after, he had very good success: For when he joined battle, and fought rather unadvisedly then cowardly at Callinicum and the city Car giving the onset with a very few upon an exceeding populous army of his enemies, he was discomfited there, and enforced to retire. Where upon he returned back forthwith to Dioclesianus for aid, whom he met by chance in the mid way as he came. And Dioclesiane (as it was said) welcomed him after such wanton and effeminate fashion, that (being then clad in his magistrates robes,) he a lighted and ran on foot by Maximianus his chariot, as he road. But so soon as Maximianus had assembled an army forth of Illiria and Moesia, he pitched a field and fought again with Narseus, grandfather to Ormisda and Sapores in Armenia the greater with passing good fortune: and no less circumspectness and valiant courage for taking with him two horsemen forth of his garrison, he kept the skoute watch himself. When he had vanquished Narseus, and put him to flight, he sacked his tents. He took his wives, his sisters, and his children prisoners. And a great part of the nobility 
Thr Persiam put to a great foil.  of the Persians, took he prisoners there.  
He get moreover great plenty of the Persians treasure, and forced the king to flee to the uttermost desert places of his Empire. Thus returning with great joy he was again received very honourably by Dioclesiane, who tarried him in Mesopotamia with aid there, ready if need had been. After that they both together, and each of them alone, waged sundry battles. They subdued the Carpianes and the Basternes, and conquered the Sarmatians. From among which nations, they brought a great number of such as they had taken prisoners, and placed them in the borders of the Roman Empire. Dioclesianus ordered his doings very circumspectly, as one that was of a very sharp wit, and such one as could 
The close working of Dioclesiane.  make other men instruments to wreak his severity and rigour by. He was a very diligent●●nd a wise Prince. He induced into the Roman Empire some usages which were accustomed and put in practice, rather during the bondage of the kings, then agreeable with the liberty of the Romans. He commanded men to worship him, where as before his time, the usage was only to salute the Emperor. He garnished his apparel and shoes, with precious stones, 
Dioclesianus given somewhat to pride  where before his reign, the habit imperial consisted but in a purple cloak. The residue of the Emperor's apparel, was better than the other peoples of Rome. But Herculius did outwardly demean himself with great cruelty, declaring the same all so openly, by the terror of his countenance, he applied himself wholly to follow the appetite of Dioclesianus, whose mind he accomplished in all cruelty. But when Dioclesianus apperceived that he waxed unwieldy to govern the Empire, for that he now grew in age, he began to persuade with Herculius that they 
Dioclesianus pers● ad●d with Herculius to resign the state imperial.  both should become private persons again, and resign the government of the weal public, to such as were both younger and lustier men, to which advise of his, with much a do Herculius would assent. But yet nevertheless at length, either of them both upon one day changed their estate imperial, and resumed again 
Herculius and Dioclesianus became private men again.  the apparel of private persons, Dioclesiane at Nicomedia, and Herculius at Milan, so soon as they had sinished the noble triumphs which they kept at Rome with great pomp and solemnity of pageants: In which the concubines, the sisters, & the children of Narseus were led before their chariots. When this triumph was finished, the one of them went to the city of Salona: and tother into Lucania. Dioclesian passed forth his life worthily in quiet, as a private man in a town not far distant from Salona, demeaning himself virtuously there. He was the only first which fithe the foundation of the Roman Empire, was willing to revert again from so high degree, to a private estate and condition of life. For which cause, there was granted to him, that which never scythe any man could ever remember did chance to any other: which was, that though he deceased 
Dioclesianus canonized after his decese. though he was aprivate man.  a private person, yet he was canonized, that notwithstanding.   

¶ The tenth book of the Breviary of Eutropius.  
WHen they had 
39 Constantius the 39 emperor, began his reign with Galerius in the year of our Lord 308.  thus finishedde their bearing rule, there were chosen Emperors, Constantius and Galerius: and to them was committed the government of the weal public, and the Roman Empire was divided between them: So that Constantius should possess France, Italy & Africa. Galerius should have Illiria, Asia, and the East parts. which done, they substituted under them ii Caesar's. But Constantius holding himself content with the dignity of Augustus, refused to sustain the trouble which he should have endured through the administration of the affairs of italy and Africa, wherein he declared his worthiness & passing great modesty. He sought by all means how he might enrich 
Worthy studies of a Prince.  the popular people of th'empire, and such as inhabited the Provinces. He did not much affect the augmenting or increasing of the common treasure, supposing it far better and more profitable, that the wealth of the whole Empire should be possessed and remain among private persons, rather than the wealth of private men to be included and shut up, in one place together. He was himself so slenderly stored of things necessary for household, that if it chanced him to feast any number of his friends, he was enforced to borrow plate abroad here and there, to furnish his tables withal. He was not only beloved, but had in great reverence also among the frenchmen, for that through his said accepting of the empire, they had now eshaped the suspected wittiness of Dioclesiane, and the bloody hastiness and cruelty of Maximianus. He deceased at York in Britain, in the xiii year of his reign, and was canonized. 
Constantius deceased at York in England.  Galerius who was endued with very good qualities, and was of great prowess in martial policy beside, (when he understood that through the permission of Constantius, italy was also annered to his Empire,) he created two Caesar's: but when Constantius was deceased, his 
Two Cesers created under Galerius.  son Constantius being base born, was created Emperor in Britain, & 
40. Constantinus the. 40. Emperor began his reign in the yereof our Lord 310. He was the first Emperor that professed the name of christ he established the gospel in his Empire. Maxentius, Herculius his son nominted Augustaus  became governor of that country in his father's room, (which thing all the people laboured earnestly to have it so.) In this mean space, the guard began a commotion at Rome, where they nominated Maxentius son to Herculius Augustus, which Herculius dwelled not far from the city of Rome, nigh to the high way as men go to Rome wards. At which tidings, Maximianus Herculius conceived a good hope that he might again recover the estate which tofore by persuasion 
Herculius came again to Rome.  of Dioclesian, & far against his own will he had foregone and resigned. Whereupon, with great speed he hasted to Rome wards, forth of Lucania. Which place he had before choose (being a most pleasant soil to remain in,) where he had also spent a great 
Herculius persuaded Dioclesian to resume the state unperial  part of his time, after that he had resigned first his Empire. Then Maximianus so soon as he was come to Rome, he begun to persuade with Dioclesian by letters, that he should likewise resume his former estate: which thing he neglected to do. Then was severus Cesar sent to Rome with an army to repress 
Severus sent against the guard.  & assuage the commotion which the guard had made. But as he laid siege to the city, his own soldiers forsook him, by mean whereof strength and power accrued & grew to Maxentius. 
Severus slain.  Severus (as he would have fled thence) was slain at Ravenna. After that, Herculius Maximianus in an assemble of the soldiers, made semblance as if he would have deposed his son Maxentius: for which his said enterprise, he sustained reproach and rebuke of the soldiers. From thence he departed to France, feigning that he was expulsed by his son, and 
A cruel pretense of Herculius.  forced to fly: (thinking by this means) he should get to be received of his son in law Constantinus: whom he minded to slay, if he might find time and opportunity convenient: which Constantinus at that present, reigned in France with great favour and love, both of his soldiers and other the inhabitants of those provinces. And when he had slain the French men and Almains, and taken their kings prisoners, (assembling a great company to behold 
A cruel fact of Herculius.  the sight) he set them forth to be devoured of wild beasts. But his daughter disclosed to her husband Constantinus, the wicked enterpryces of her father & revealed unto him, what treason her father had pretended against him. Which thing so soon as Maximianus understood, he fled to Massilia, (thinking to have passed over from thence, to his son Maxentius again,) and was there 
Herculius slain.  slain: suffering condign punishment for those his demerits: one who was evermore prone to all rigour and cruelty. A man without faith, very pernicious and hurtful to all men, and void of all civility and courtesy.  
About the same time, Licinius was created Emperor by Galerius. 
Licinius created Emperor.  He was borne at Dacia, and passing well known of Galerius, for that he had of long time been of familiar acquaintance with him. He esteemed him greatly for the earnest travail and pains which he sustained in the battle that he waged against Narceus, & for other serviceableness & good endeavour, which he apperceived to be in him. This don, shortly after, Galerius deceased. Then was the Empire administered 
Galerius deceased.  by four at ones. By Constantinus and Marentius, whose fathers 
Four Emperors at once in Rome.  had been Emperors before, and Licinius & Maximinus which were newly created Emperors. But Constantinus in the .v. year of his reign, attempted a civil battle against Marentius. He discomfited his armies in sundry skirmishes. 
A civil battle by Constantinus.  And at last, vanquished him at Miluius bridge, and so got all Italy under his obeisance. 
Maxentius vanquished.   
At this time, Maxentius exercised great tyranny upon divers the peers of his Empire. Not long after that, Maximinus attempted warresin the 
War pretended by Maximinus against Licinius.  East parts also against Licinius.  
But when he apperceived that he was like to be discomfited, he prevented the mischiefs imminent, by dying suddenly 
Maximianus deceased.  at Tarsus. Then Constantiꝰ being one of a haughty stomach & courage, affecting to accomplish & bring to pass such things as he had once conceived in his fantasy, coveting to become Emperor over the whole world, made war upon 
This war was against Licinius by Constantius for religions sake chiefly.  Licinius, although he was his friend. For this Licinius had espoused his sister Constantia. He vanquished him first in Hungary: the second time he overcame him at Cybale: whereas Licinius 
In the time os Constantius scotland received the saith.  began to renew battle with great preparation. when he had thus got all Dardania, Mesia & Macedon, he wandivers other provinces beside. After that, there were sundry battles waged between them, and peace concluded, and broken again. At last, Lycinius was conquered at Nicomedia 
Licinius conquered.  a famous city of Bithynia, in battle both by Sea and land. He yielded himself: and yet contrary to the integrity of the oath and promise made between them, he was slain. 
Licinius slain.  At that time, (which never erst happened) was the Roman Empire subject 
One Emperor and iii Caesar's at Rome.  to one Emperor and iii Caesar's. At this time, Constantinus his children had the government of France, the East parts, and of italy. But this unkethenesse of passing great good fortune & success in his affairs, did somewhat change and aultare Constantinus from that his wont gentle & flexible mind. In so much that he persecuted his own blood, and those which were of his alliance. He slew his own sister's son, a notable young man and very towardly. eftsoons he put his wife to death and after that, sundry of his friends also. In the first beginning of his reign, he was worthy to have been compared with the best and chiefest princes of the Romans that ever were: and at the end thereof, to be resembled to such as were of the meaner sort. He was endued with sundry and those excellent virtues. He was very much given to purchase praise and fame by feats of chivalry. He had exceeding good chance in battle, and yet not so good chance but that his industry and endeavour excelled it far. He vanquished and put to flight at sundry times the Goths. After that he had repressed the civil wars, he vanquished the Goths in divers places, and granted them peace at last: and won great memory of praise and worship among the Barbarians. He was passing desirous to attain learning, and applied himself wholly to the study of the liberal arts. He endeavoured to gain the love of the people, through his well deservings, seeking the same by his great liberality, and facility. Who like as he seemed to some of his friends unsteadfast and suspected, so was he to the residue of them passing friendly and assured: suffering no way ne mean escape, by which he could imagine how to enrich & advance them. He enacted & established sundry laws. Some grounded upon equity & justice: divers superfluous & to no purpose, & many replenished with severity & rigour. The city which he built, he ertolled to so great port and estate, that he made it able to compare (in manner) with the city of Rome itself. And as he made preparation for battle against the Parthians, he died at Nicomedia 
Constantius deceased.  in thopen town there, in the xxxi year of his reign, when he had lived lxvi years. His death was prognosticated by a Comet or blazing star, which was seen by a certain space being of 
Constantius his death prognosiicate.  a great bigness, (which star the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. After his death he was canonized. He left behind him iii sons of his own, that is to wit Constantinus, Constans & Constantiꝰ to succeed him in his Empire, & one other which was his brother's son. But Dalmatius Cesar which was his brother's son, a young man of a marvelous towardness was slain 
Dalmatius Cesar slain.  in an uproar which fell among the soldiers, (his cozen Constantius 
41. Constantinus the. 41. Emperor began his reign in the year of our Lord 340, and with him his father Constantinus Magnus had appointed by his last will, that his two brothers Constans & Constantinus should perticipate and have their portyon of th'empire.  permittig only, rather than procuring his death.) Not long after, when Constantinus attempted war against his brother at Aquileia, and demeaned himself unadvisedly there in, he was slain. Then was the Empire of the Romans reduced under the government of two only. The reign of Constans endured for a time valiant, which he administered with great justice. Sun after, when he began to fail of his health, he associated unto him in stead of friends evil disposed people to assist him about th' Empire, through whose evil counsels, 
Constantinus slain.  he declined into horrible vices. By mean whereof, waring scant tolerable of thinhabitantsinhabitants of the provinces & nothing regarded of his soldiers, he was slain at Magnensium in a 
Constans slain.  commotion there, in a castle called Helena castle not far from Spain, in the xvii year of his reign, when he had lived xxx years. In his life time, he had achieved divers things very prosperously, and during his whole reign, he used no great cruelty towards his soldiers. But Constantius experimented very uncertain and variable fortune in his battles. For why, he sustained divers, and those great damages by the Persians. They oft times won his towns, besieged his Cities, and slew his armies: to be brief, he never waged any battle against Sapores, in which he had good success but only one which he fought at Singara, where he lost that victory also, which undoubtedly he might have gotten, had it not been for the outrageous fierceness and over hasty courage of his soldiers: which unadvisedly without any regard, contrary to all order of warfare, would needs join the battle, when as now the day was clean spent. After the death of Constans, when as now Magnentius possessed Italy, Africa, & France, new matters begun to grow in Illiria, where the soldiers by the whole consent, chose Veteranio to govern the Empire, being now very 
Veteranio chosen prince by the soldiers.  aged, but yet well be loved of all men, for the good success which he had of long time experimented in martial affairs. There was assigned unto him, the government of Illiria. This Veteranio was both witty, and a very good man. In condityons, much refembling toe ancient Emperors of Rome, and one which was greatly inclined to the ancient usage of the Emperors, and passing tractable himself. How be it he was nothing at all learned. In so much, that he knew not the alphabet or croscow, but as he learned it in his extreme age after the he was created emperor. This Veteranio was deposed 
Veteranio deposed.  from th'empire, by Constantius, who to revenge the death of his brother, begun a civil battle, and Veteranio after an unkethe & strange sort (was by the consent and agreement of the soldiers, enforced to relinquish and resign his estate imperial. At the same time was there a commotion at Rome: at 
Nepotianus got th'empire.  which time Nepotianus, Constantinus his sister's son, invaded th'empire, being aided by a band of them which use to play at the weapons (called gladiatores.) But according to his cruel beginnings, so had he an end correspondente. For in the xxviii. day after his said enterprise, he was slain by the captains of Magnensius: 
Nepotianus slain.  and so suffered punishment fit for his demerits. His head was smitten of, & set on theud of a tavelin, and so carried about the city. There were great banishments, and marvelous great slaughters of noble men them committed. Within a while after, Magnensius was also discomfited in battle at Mursa: & was well nigh taken. A great number of the Romans were slain 
Magnensius slain.  in the battle, which were men able to have withstood all foreign invasions of enemies, and such, as the Romans, (through their prows,) might have gained many triumphs, and been in safety and security against their adversaries. Shortly after, Constantius deputed Gallus his father's brother's 
Gallus made Cesar.  son, Caesar over the east parts. Magnensius after that he had been discomfited in so many battles, slew himself at Louane, when he 
Magnensius siue himself.  had reigned three years and seven months. In like manner dealt his brother Senonis also, whom he had made Cesar, and sent to defend 
Gallus Cesar slain.  France. About this time, was Gallus Cesar slain by Constantius after that they had waged divers civil wars together: a man of cruel disposition, and very prone to tyranny, (if he might have ruled according as himself had listed.) Silvanus also who attempted other new matters 
Silvanus' slain.  in France, was within xxx days after slain. Then Constantius himself alone, enjoyed the Roman Empire. 
Constantius Emperor alone.  Soon after, he appointed julianus his uncles son, and brother to Gallus, Cesar over France, and sent him thither, espousing first his own 
julianus made Cesar.  sister unto him. Now when the Barbarians had won divers towns, and besieged other some, and that every where there was a pitiful spoil made by them, so that the Roman Empire consisted in no small hazard and danger, julianus slew great armies of the Almains at Argentine a city of 
An overthrow of the Almains.  France. Their mighty and worthy king, was there taken prisoner, France was again recovered. julianus was by the consent of the 
julianus Augustus.  soldiers made Augustus: who with in a year after, made a voyage toward Illiria: Constantius who was busied in battle against the Parthians, when he hard of this, returned home wards to pacify that commotion, & died by the way between Cilicia, 
Constantius deceased, his age & reign.  and Cappadocia: in the xxxviii year of his reign, when he had lived xlv years, and was adjudged worthy to be canonized. He was a very peaceable and quiet man: but such one, as gave over much credit and affiance to his friends, and those which were his familiars. And followed to much his wives council. Yet in the first commencement of his Empire, he demeaned himself with great sobriety, endeavouring by all means to enrich such as were of his acquaintance, and would not see them unpreferred to honours and promotions, whose painful diligence and endeavour be had ones experimented. How be it with great severity and cruelty, he punished such as he ones appertained to affect sovereignty in such sort, that he would seek to deprive him of his Empire. Otherwise he was very quiet and gentle: whose fortune and good chance, was more to be commended in civil wars, then in those which he waged forth of his Empire.  
After that julianus was Emperor, who with great preparation 
42. julianus the 42. Emperor began his reign in the year of our Lord 362. one seen passing well in the liberal sciences, but an earnest adversary of christian religion.  made war upon the Parthianes, at which voyage I myself was present, divers towns and holds were peaceably yielded up, and other some won by him. And when he had despoiled Assiria, he pitched his tents, and entrenched them, and sojourned there for a season. And returning from thence a conqueror, he was slain by his enemies, as he pressed some what unadvisedly into the battles, in the vi of the kalends of july, in the vii year of his reign, when he had lived xxxi years, and was canonized. He was a notable man, and such one as would passinglye well have governed the weal public, if destiny would have permitted him to have lived. He was exceedingly well seen in all the liberal sciences. He did excel in the Greek tongue, in so much that his knowledge in the Latin tongue was nothing to be compared with that which he had in the Greek tongue. He was very eloquent, and of a very ready & prompt memory. In many things, he resembled much a Philosopher. He was liberal to his friends, but not all together so heedful about his affairs, as it was sitting and fit for so mighty a Prince: which fault divers objected to him, whereby his fame and glory was somedeal stained in that behalf.  
He dealt very uprightly with thinhabitants of the Provinces, which were under the Romans. He charged his subjects to pay as few tars and tributes as might be. He was very civil and courteous to all men. He sought little to augment his own treasure. He was very desirous to attain glory and renoum: In so much that he did affect it sometimes with out measure. He was an exceeding 
julianus a persecutor of Christians.  great persecutor of Christian religion, but yet in such sort, that he abstained from shedding their blood. He was not much unlike to Marcus Antonius, whom he did also earnestly endeavour himself to imitate and follow. Next after him, iovinianus who as yet had never been trained up 
43. iovinianus the. 4●z. Emperor 〈◊〉 hy● r●●gne in the. 367 y●re of our Lord he was a veri good prince, a favourer of the gospel, and confessors thereof he instituted that tithes should be paid to churches.  in warfare abroad, was by the consent of the army, chosen to have the administration and the rule ofth Empire: of whom the soldiers had better notice through the commendatyon and good report of his father, then for any trial and knowledge they had of himself. Thus when the weal public of the Romans was disturbed, and the soldiers brought to extreme poverty, so that they were destitute of all things necessary, iovinianus was vanquished in a battle or two. by the Persians, and 
iovinianus sustained a shameful overthrow.  forced to make a very reproachful peace for granting wheref, he was forced to them, with a great portion of his Empire: which thing sense the first foundation of the city of Rome, (which was well nigh a M. C. and. xviit. year,) never erst happened. In like manner also, the Roman Regions were discomfited and sustained an overthrow by Pontius The lesinus at Eaudium a town of the Samuites, 
The Romans put to great foils.  and in Spain at Numantia, and at Numidia and sent under yoke. But at that time they departed with no part of the Empire to their adversaries. Nor yet that former concluding of peace on that condition, had been greatly to be misliked withal, if that afterward, so soon as he had been able, he had infringed that league again, which before of necessity and force, he was constrained to make: like as the Romans did in all those battles which I have before recited. For after any such peace made, they renewed battle again forth with against the Samnites, the Numantines, and the Numidians, so soon as the peace was concluded.  
But iovinianus (dreading that he should have been supplanted in the Empire,) held himself still in the East parts, giving in the mean time small heed or regard to his renown.  
After that, as he took his iourne● from thence to ward Illiria, he die suddenly in the borders of Galacia one who in no other his affairs was either slothful or negligent, or wanted any wit. Of the his so sudden death, divers conjectured diversly. Some thought that he took it by eating raw meat, for in deed he had surfited over night.  
Other some supposed that it proceeded through the unwholesome air of the chamber, which for that that it was newly pargeted with lime, was very noisome to him lying there in.  
And other some adjudged that it ●ame by reason of the unmeasurable burning of charcoles in his chamber, of which, for the it was extreme cold weather, he wylled there should be burned great plenty. He deceased in the vii year of his reign, ●he xxiiii of the Kalends of March, in ye●xxiii. year of his age: & through the 〈◊〉 nevolens of them which succeeded ●im in the Empire, was canonized. He was given very much to civility, and was by nature very liberal. Such was the state of the Roman Empire, at what time the said iovinianus, and Verovianus governed it (which was) in the M. C. and xix year after the first building of the city of Rome. (⸫)  
¶ Thus endeth the Breviary of Eutropius.   

¶ Imprinted at London in Fleetstreet, near to Saint Dunston's Church, by Thomas Marsh.