THE PARTICULAR STATE Of the Government of the Emperor, FERDINAND THE SECOND As it was at his decease in the year 1636.  
Translated out of Latin by R. W.   printer's device? VERITAS FILIA TEMPORIS 
LONDON, Printed by E. G. for Thomas Nichols, and are to be sold at his shop, at the sign of the Bible in Pope's head Alley, 1637.   

THE PARTICULAR STATE OF The Government of the late Emperor, FERDINAND the second, etc. As it was in the year, 1636.  

CHAP. 1. Of the reasons for which the Emperor FERDINAND, the second, hath always kept his Court at Vienna.  
IN treating of the State, of the late Emperor FERDINAND the second, It is first of all to be considered; that his Imperial Majesty, from the beginning of his reign to the end of his life, did ever keep his constant Residence in the City of Vienna; as well for the commodious Situation, and pleasantness of the place; plenty of food, and all other necessaries for man; and the adjoining Forests and Woods, most fit for hunting, and other neighbouring places of pleasure; the chief of which are, Brater, Begelhoff, Newgebew, Caterburg, Ebersdorff, Laxemburg, Wolckers' dorff, Orth, Closter Newburg, or the Monastery of Neoburg, Newstat, etc. As also (chief, since these long, and yet continued, wars in Germany,) by reason of the strength of the City, and that his Imperial Majesty being there was in a manner safely compassed by the rest of his hereditary Kingdoms, & Principalities, from whence he might, in case of need, with more conveniency derive assistance: And lastly, for the benefit of the two navigable Rivers of Ehu and Danube, by which all necessaries for the Imperial Court, may from other places of the Germane Empire and from Italy, be the more easily furnished and brought thither.   

CHAP. 2. Of the Situation, circuit, and fortification of Vienna; of the Danube; of the Garrison, Suburbs, Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, the Bishop, the University, Civil and Politic governmen, the Lieutenant; and of the Castle of Vienna; in which the Emperor keeps his Court.  
THe City of Vienna, is the Metropolis of the Lower Austria, as the Town of Lintz is of the upper. In both which places now, almost every year, and sometimes (when necessity requires) there are often in one year held Assemblies of each province, in which as to the lawful Prince and Lord of the Country, when he doth fairly ask it, are often granted and presented by the subjects many hundred thousand crowns to his Imperial Majesty.  
The City itself is seated in somewhat a pleasant plain, and in a soil which is naturally most fruitful and good for Corn and Wine, and all other kind of Food and fruits, upon the banks of the Danube; which although indeed it be but a branch of the main Danube, yet at the season of the year, when the River is high, it is capable of good ordinary vessels. But when the River decreaseth, the ships are forced to stay above at Nusdorff, a league from the City, and sometimes two leagues higher, at the Monastery of Newburg. About half a quarter of a Germane league from the City, towards Moravia, are likewise three other streams, and for the most part, large and navigeable arms of the great River Danube; over which are laid five bridges, which for the greater security of the City, if need require, may be taken down.  
On the South side of the City there is a little River, or rather a Torrent, of the name of the City, called Vienna; which riseth out of the Western mountains, and is subject to sudden overflowing by rain and Land-waters: it drives some Mills, and falls into the Danube, not fare from the Town ditch. Towards the South and North, it runs like an arm of the Dannbe, and on the West, it leaves behind it the hills and mountains looking towards the Upper Austria.  
The City is in compass about half a Germane league, and is beautified with many fair and spacious places, and markets, and with other less, and it hath some fair streets, with many goodly and stately buildings, which notwithstanding are commonly more for show than conveniency.  
For the fortification of the City, it will suffice in this place briefly to declare, that it is strengthened and fortified with six principal Gates, and ten great Bulwarks; The greatest part of which Bulwarks, and some of them at the expense of the Empire, are built up a good height of Brick, and filled within with earth; and some also towards the East and South, (whereby the City might be the more defensible) have good Casamats, well raised and repaired. About ten years since, his Imperial Majesty caused a very great entire Bulwark to be raised of earth, almost right over against the Imperial Court, or Archducall Castle, for the greater security thereof, because the Castle heretofore, had been in that place but weakly fortified. Two years since, the former Bulwark, which looketh towards the South, and towards the West, was strongly new built.  
The Scottish Bulwark cast up of earth only, is now well lined with a strong wall, and made equal to the rest of the Bulwarks.  
Towards the East is a gate, commonly called Strubenthor: Towards the South, the Carnithian gate; and the Castle gate, called, Burgthor; towards the West, the South gate, and the new gate; towards the North, the gate of the red Tower, called in Dutch, der Roche Thum: The Castle gate, the Carinthian gate, the New gate, and the gate called Strubenthor, are the strongest, all arched, very high and stately, with large passages; the other two are are only Towers.  
To compass the City from the Gate called Strubenthor, to go to the gate of the red Tower, you must pass first near a Bulwark built of Freestone, with two high and battled Casamats, the higher of which doth almost touch the Dominicans Temple, the height whereof exceeds this Bulwark and Casamats.  
Thence you come to another Bulwark strongly covered with a Bricke-wall, which (as the former) is environed with reasonable deep ditches.  
From this Bulwark, on the left side of the town, are seen some little and low double Walls, reaching to an outward Gate; but on the right hand, near the town, doth run the Danube, on which is built a bridge of wood, commonly called Schlagbruck.  
This outward Gate leads to a broad street, where the City is somewhat naked: For on the left hand there are very low Walls only, and on the right hand nothing but the Danube, which one may sometimes ride over; and some fortifications, which are built on the banks thereof, towards the red Tower, and further towards the other outward gate, near which the street is narrower. From this Gate, the City is encompassed on the left hand, with long strong high Walls, on which these little watch-houses are built, which reach to the Armoury, and thence to the next Bulwark. It hath also a drawbridge. The third Bulwark is great and stately, (but wants ditches and water) and a good part of the middle of the upper Wall is fallen down and wants repair.  
Thence to the New gate, which hath broad but shallow ditches, without water, Henry Matthew, the elder Count of Turn, in Anno 1619. would have planted a petard to this Gate, and with his horse which then lodged at Ebersdorff, attempted to take the City.  
Thence to the fourth Bulwark, which likewise wants mending and repair. From this Bulwark, the Rampire is very high, with a little Wall upon it, towards the Scotch gate, and there the Towne-ditch is very deep, but without water. Thence the same kind of Rampire and ditch extends unto the next fift Bulwark. This Bulwark was only cast up of earth, but now of late is built up from the ground with a Brick wall, and is reduced to an orderly form and proportion, and by that means the City is the better fortified in that place. The Bohemian foot Regiment of Tieffenbach, who were then commanded by the said elder Count of Turn, remained not fare from the City in a Village called Hoernals, if the design had taken effect and had not been discovered by a Patriot, by this Bulwark should have entered and taken the City.  
This same high Rampire lined with Brick walls, in the ditches, at that place very deep, but without water, passeth along towards and behind the sixth Bulwark, over which the present Governor of the Town, Baron Lobell, hath caused a little garden, with a house of pleasure to be built, according to the bravery of the time. And because this Bulwark was lately renewed and better reform than the other, it excels the rest in beauty. Behind, it hath a Casamat with Brick walls, like the former. Thence the Rampire with a low, mean, and in some places but a weak Wall, built thereon, extends itself, even to the Imperial Court, or Archducal Castle, where by the raising of the outward highway the ditches are made deeper.  
Thence to the Castle gate, in Dutch das Burgthor, where stands the vast seventh Bulwark of earth, which behind hath a less Bulwark also, like a Casamat, not built high, but completely walled.  
On this side a Bohemian soldier, under the command of the elder Count of Turn, did shoot some bullets, from the suburbs of St. Vbris, into the Imperial Court or Archducall Castle, and even into the great Chamber of the Knights and Nobles, and into the Antichamber; and drove his Imperial Majesty, than King of Hungary and Bohemia, out of his own Chamber.  
From thence the Rampire, with a Wall above, and Fortifications below, extends itself with very deep ditches almost to the Carinthian gate; before which is a strong, great, stately and fair Bulwark, all of Brick, the eight in number, joining to the Gate, behind which and above the Gate, there is a Casamat raised. And over the Gate, the Captain of the City watch hath a fair lodging.  
From this Carinthian gate, instead of the Rampire, are Brick walls, almost of one height with the Bulwarks, the ditches are there of good depth, but (as the others) without water.  
Then follows the ninth, which as the former is a very stately Bulwark; with an Aquaduct into the town, and hitherto the ditches are dry; but about this Bulwark, the Aquaduct, which serves both to bring in necessary water, and in time of need, furnish the dry ditches with water, and rendereth them somewhat wet and marish, but from the corner thereof and lower, they are deeper, and more filled with water.  
From thence runs the Rampire, to the tenth Bulwark, commonly called Obere Stuben Pastey, which is most exquisitely fair, large, lofty, and strongly faced with brick, and the corners of Freestone, with a magnificent inscription in golden letters, on tables of stone. This Bulwark was built and perfected by the Emperor Ferdinand the first.  
These three last Bulwarks are of one height, and walled alike, and each of them have a several inscription, with golden letters, in Tables of stone.  
Of these ten Bulwarks of the City, three only stand in water, which is drawn from the Danube, and some certain veins which run into the City, and all the rest are dry.  
The ditches of the City are are very unequal and unlike.  
About the City are great and spacious suburbs, in which are diverse fair and pleasant gardens, with houses of pleasure, and store of other considerable dwellings, whereof many, especially before the Castle gate called das Burgthor, and the Carinthian gate: towards St. Vlrics, and the little River of Vienna; for about three hundred paces together, as well to enlarge the way and streets, as for the greater safety of the City, were purposely demolished; and others a few years since were burnt by accident.  
The garrison of this Town consists at this present of about one thousand foot, in eight companies, of which the Baron of Lobel Colonel, is Captain, and one of the Emperor's Counsels of War, and Vice Precedent of that Counsel. About some eight years since the arms, which had been taken from the Citizens when Archduke Leopald was Governor of the City in the year 1619. were restored unto them again, the Citizens being for the most part Protestants, and there being a suspicion conceived of some secret intelligence betwixt them and the Bohemians, but especially with the elder Count of Turn: The Magistrates fearing some attempt of the Protestants against the Roman Catholics, had caused the Protestants to be disarmed.  
The Burgmaster, by the command of his Imperial Majesty, as lawful Prince of this Archdutchy of Austria, heretofore did choose out and raise four Companies of foot of Citizens, of three hundred a piece. These selected men have been used on urgent necessities for the defence of the City, as was lately practised in the time of the last Hungarian seditions and rebellions, under the direction of Bethlem Gabor Prince of Transilvania. For when part of a garrison was sent to defend the Castle of Presbury, the selected Citizens were forced to serve four months together, for the defence of the Town. The pay of the garrison is six florins a man by the month, but for want of due payment they are often seen to beg in the streets.  
In time of war and danger, some Cornets of horse use to be taken into the suburbs; at other times the guard remains unaltered.  
Some think that the City of Vienna is so populous, that it contains, within and without, some threescore thousand souls, but the certain number is hard to be known.  
The suburbs on the other side of the Danube are inhabited by jews, as an Island a part, and in the Town they have a place of commerce, where by day they sell their commodities: but it is not lawful for them to lie all night in Town. But because they bring great profits to the Imperial Court, and for other causes and reasons, they are not only tolerated in this City, but they enjoy many great privileges and liberties.  
The Evangelicall Lutheran Religion, or the confession of Augsburg, being heretofore brought into this City, did afterwards so increase under the Emperor Maximilian the second; that the said Evangelicks, amongst other privelidges, had the exercise of their religion in the City itself, even in the Minims Temple, at the Provincial House. And although the Emperor Rodolph the second, and before him Ferdinand the first, did resolve to their power, to abolish the exercise of that religion; and began likewise a great reformation, and advanced the business so fare, that under the Emperor Rodolph the second, the Evangelicall state of Lower Austria lost the exercise of their religion in the City of Vienna; and it seemed as if an universal deformation, and a total suppression, and extirpation of all the Evangelicks, in those Countries, would have followed: Yet the Emperor Mathias the first, for diverse great causes did most graciously grant the Evangelicall state of Lower Austria, the exercise of their religion in the Village called Hoernals, about a quarter of a Germane league from the City, and granted them his high Imperial and Archducall Protection; notwithstanding the Catholics, especially the Clergy, (whom the exercise of that religion did vehemently offend) persuaded themselves, that the sermons of Cardinal Clozel, would have enduced the Emperor again, to prohibit the exercise of the Evangelicks at Hoernals: And that he would not permit them Evangelicall Matrimony, nor the administration of the Sacraments of Baptism, and the Lords Supper.  
But when the Emperor Ferdinand the second took the raines of the Roman Empire, and had taken the City of Prag; a Priest did seriously inculcate to his Majesty, that whereas since the states of the Evangelicall Provinces had been permitted the exercise of their religion in the Village of Hoernals, by the Emperor Mathias the first, they had so multiplied that in that congregation there were sometimes twenty, thirty, even forty, or fifty thousand persons, and therefore he earnestly petitioned that the exercise of that religion might be abolished by public command. And thereupon it came to pass, that a reformation of religion was directed in the City of Vienna, by an Imperial Mandate; and the exercise of the Augustan confession in the Village of Hoernals (which was afterwards given to the Cathedral Church of St. Steven in Vienna) was quite suppressed, upon a pretext that the Baron Helmhardt jorger, who was then in prison at Lintz, had no right of patrinage in that Village, and all the Evangelicall Preachers were forbidden to enter the City upon grievous punishments. But yet in Austria they were suffered, for their persons, as heretofore; and some of the Citizens and inhabitants had leave to go out of the Town, unto Sermons and Sacraments after the Evangelicall manner, at Intzerrdorff, belonging to the Lord Geyer of Osterburg, a Mile from the City.  
But at the last, Anno 1627. his Imperial Majesty severely required all Ecclesiastical Evangelicks by public Imperiall, and Archducall Proclamations and Mandates, to void by a certain time, all the Country of Austria and all other his Imperial Majesty's hereditary Dominions, with prohibition under his highness' pleasure and unpardonable punishents, never to return, or to remain there upon any terms.  
In Ecclesiastically matters the City of Vienna, acknowledgeth the Bishop who hath spiritual jurisdiction over all the Bishopric of Vienna. And the Bishop hath his Officiat always in Vienna.  
The Cathedral Church, which is dedicated to St. Steven is of a costly, great, high and large building, set off on one side, with a very high spired and excellent fair steeple, in which there is a very great and goodly Bell. A like steeple was on the other side begun and brought to some perfection, but was never finished; this (they say) the Bishop will perfect, and make it answerable to the other, and it is thought that in four year's space it may be finished.  
The present Bishop hath likewise caused all the old Bishop's house to be pulled down, and is building a large magnificent Palace in the place, to which purpose he hath obtained of the Emperor, a hundred thousand Rixdollers, which was the price of the Duke of Meckelburgs' reconciliation.  
This Church was raised to a Cathedral by Pope Paul the second, at the mediation of the Emperor Frederick the third. The Bishop's revenue amounts but to 8000. florins; which is but 1200 pounds sterling. The present Bishop's name is Antony, who hath gained the Title of Prince from the Emperor: And he holds besipes the Bishopric, the wealthy Abbey of Crembsmunster, of St. Bennets Order in Upper Austria. He is also a Privy Counsellor to his Imperial Majesty, and the first of the Counsel. His predecessor was Cardinal Clozel, who died at Vienna, in the year 1630. There are sixteen Cannons of this Cathedral, but by reason of the small revenue of the Church, their stipends are but slender. They all dwell about the Cathedral.  
There are also diverse other Churches and Cloisters within and without this City.  
The Emperor Frederick the second founded the University at Vienna, in the year 1237. and endued it with very great privileges and immunities, which were afterwards renewed, and amplified by Albert the third of Austria.  
This Emperor Ferdinand the second, about the year 1622. gave this Academy to the jesuits, with the adjoining and appendent Burses and Colleges or Convents, where now they teach and breed their scholars. His Majesty also granted them the liberty of prefessing Theology and Philosophy, but upon condition that the chair should be free for any of the Dominicans, Franciscans, or Minims to profess or dispute.  
The Lawyers and Physicians continue their ancient combination, and every six months, they choose a new Rector. When they think fit to call a Counsel for the good of themselves, or any other of the united persons of the University; it is chosen, and consists of sixteen of those faculties. The Rector of the University hath jurisdiction over all the persons and members of the University.  
The civil government of the City is ordered by the Senate, which consists of eighteen Citizens and Senators, to whom all businesses are propounded, concerning the particular or common good of the Citizens or City, and by them they are deliberated. The chief of these is the Burgmaster. In criminal matters, the Burgmaster hath his Assessors and Assistants. But the civil government is not absolutely in the Senate, but doth depend on the Lieutenant of the Lower Austria. And at all Colleges, and consultations of the Senators, an Imperial Minister is always present in person.  
The Office of Lieutenant is now exercised by Baron Sigfrid Christopher Preunez, one of his Imperial Majesty's Privy Counsel, and precedent of the government of Lower Austria, who hath chief cognizans in matters which concern the Cities, and civil government; and in the absence of his Imperial Majesty the government is solely in him.  
The Arsenal of Vienna is completely furnished, not only with ships and Vessels useful for the place; but also with Arms, all warlike preparation, and with great and small Ordnance, which are there kept. The present Master of the which is Count Xantelier, by Nation a Lorraine; but because his Father brought him to the Imperial Court when he was young and he hath long performed his office well, he is now esteemed a Germane.  
The Court of Caesar, or the Archducall Castle; in Dutch das Burg; hath no singular splendour or magnificens, and is somewhat strait for so great a Prince and stately a Court. It contains in it a great Court, on one side whereof, is the Imperial Chancery; on the other side is the Inner Castle, or the lodgings of the Emperor; and on the third side is the Rampire of the City, with a gallery upon it. And on the fourth side is the new Castle commonly called die Newburg, and the Court in the midst.  
In this Imperial Palace there is a Waldrope, and a Gallery with several chambers, which they call the Treasury, wherein are kept great store of all sorts of most precious variety of gold, precious stones, and pearl; with pictures and other things of curious workmanship, and with many rare pieces of nature and art, worth many millions. Amongst other things, which are most worthy of note, is the Imperial Crown and Sceptre, and the Imperial Globe; most richly adorned with gold, and rich oriental Diamonds, valued at a mill on of gold; made by the Emperor Rodolph for his own sacred person. Item a round globe, seven span in compass cut out of one entire Agate, with the Inscription of JEHOVAH, made by nature itself in darker characters. Then a Unicorn's Horn of twelve or thirteen spans long of which two last, the value is inestimable, because their like in form, beauty, quality, and quantity, are not to be found in the whole world. To this same Palace in which the Emperor himself doth lodge, there belong two pleasant gardens, the one bigger than the other, into which his Imperial Majesty hath an eary an commodious passage out of his own lodgings.  
In this Court of the Castle, called the Burgplatz, near the Emperor's lodgings, is a company of Foot, and at the entry to the inner Castle, under the very gate, near the Drawbridge, ten of the Guard, called Frabauten, do commonly watch; and keep their station there all day, with their Halberds, but at night they draw up the bridge, and watch within, until they be relieved by others of their fellows. And before the chambers of the Emperor and Empress, there are other Guards which wait with Javelins, called Hartschierer, and these are ever ready to attend and follow the Emperor wheresoever he goeth, as well in journeys as when he goes to walk, as the ordinary horse guard of his body.   

CHAP. 3. Of the person of the Emperor Ferdinand the second, and of his Imperial virtues and qualities, his devotion and piety, his works of humiliation, and of his dispatch of business, recreations and meals.  
THe Emperor Ferdinand the second, was son to the Archduke Charles of Austrin, who lived at Gratz, and Grandchild to the Emperor Ferdinand the first; and had as his heredetary country's the Dutchies of Stiria Carinthia, and Carniola, with other appendent Provinces. But when the two Lines of the Austrian family; that of the Emperor Maximilian the second of Vienna, and that of Ferdinand the Archduke of Infbruck, were both failed. And that the Archduke Albert, who lived in the Low-countriess, was grown old and weak, and had retained the government of the Austrian Provinces; His Imperial Majesty, partly by succession, and partly by agreement and consent, (but chief, by his being chosen and Crowned King of Bohemia and Hungary, which was a strong foundation of his future greatness) obtained the possession of all those Provinces. And after this on the 28. of August, Anno 1619. (the Emperor Mathias the first being dead,) he was elected and crowned Emperor at Francfurt on the Main; At which time reigned these Kings and Princes in diverse Kingdoms of Europe, JAMES the first, King of Great Britain; LEWIS the thirteen, King of France; PHILIP the third King of Spain; CHRISTIAN the fourth, King of Denmark; gustavus ADOLPHUS, King of Sweden; SIGISMOND the third, King of Poland; and in the East, the Sultan Osman.  
Now for the person of his Imperial Majesty, he was of fifty nine years of age, of a middling stature and corpulent, of an excellent complexion, strong and healthful; his hair and beard somewhat grey, of a graceful presence; of a kind, meek, bounteous, and liberal djsposition, and of a singular understanding, eloquence and memory; temperate in meat and drink, and moderate in sleep; he seldom went to bed till ten at night, and sometimes not till one; and he ordinarily did rise at four in the morning, and on his bended knees commend himself by prayer to God. On festival and solemn days principally on the Apostles days, he did confess and hear Mass. The thursday before Easter he used to receive the holy Sacrament from the hands of the Pope's Nuncio, in company of the Empress, the King, and Queen of Hungary, the Archduke, and the Archdutchesse, and other principal persons of the Court, according to the rule of the Church of Rome. Before his Imperial Majesty went to Church, he did appoint two Masses to be said in the chapel or closet, one for himself, another for his late wife; who was sister to Maximilian the present Duke of Bavaria; and sometimes at the same time he did receive the Sacrament: And then he went to Church, where he commonly did hear a Sermon in Dutch of one of the jesuits, who is the ordinary preacher of the Court, of about an hour long. The Sermon ended, high Mass is celebrated with great devotion, and most sweet Music, which lasts at least an hour. After dinner he did use to hear an Italian Sermon by the ordinary Court Italian Preacher, and after that the vespers, which are sung with great solemnity. And in this manner his Imperial Majesty spent almost the whole Sunday or holiday. And sometimes he did visit other Churches, both within & without the City; as the Dominicans the Capuchins, the jesuits, or the Carmelites, and in these Colleges and Convents he sometimes did dine.  
In the time of Advent, his Imperial Majesty did commonly rise very early, to frequent certain Matins, like singing Masses, called Rorate; because at his entry is sung the said Rorate coeli, which is followed with Music of instruments and voices, almost an hour's space, which time the people employ in their prayers and devotions. The same Office is likewise solemnly celebrated with great concourse in all the Churches.  
During the time of Lent, his Imperial Majesty was most diligently wont to hear Sermons, in his Court chapel, and in the Augustine's Church which is near the Castle; and on Holidays in the Chapel of the Minims, especially in the time of the penitential processions; and every day in Lent are sung the Vespers at large in the Imperial Oratory.  
On Maundy thursday before noon, his Imperial Majesty publicly, and before all there present, did wash the feet of thirty poor men, then feed them and serve them in his own person, at table. After he gave to every one a gown, and a piece of gold of the value of a double Hungarian ducat.  
At the same day and time, in another place apart, the Empress performs the same, out of humility, to thirty poor women.  
The last Sunday before Easter his Imperial Majesty was wont to visit all the Churches of the Town on foot after the Catholic Roman manner, and to pray before the Tombs erected in them. This last year a coach did ease his feet of that penance.  
During the week of holy Cross, beginning from Sunday to the feast of the Ascension of Christ, his Imperial Majesty was used to be at the accustomed Processions, at which this year his weakness hath not suffered him to be present.  
On Corpus Christi day, when the great Procession is celebrated, his Imperall Majesty did use to assist with all the Court on foot, bore headed, and to pray on bended knees at all the altars by the way. And the sunday following, he was used to attend the Procession of the jesuits: and the next sunday to be present with great devotion at the general Procession, which is very populous, and continues from morning until noon.  
For this cause the Pope's Nuncio Cardinal Palatto in his relation made to Pope Vrban the eight; doth testify (to the great commendation of his Imperial Majesty,) the Emperor Ferdinand the second may well be styled a holy Prince, a man after Gods own heart, as was King David, and that for the candour of his conscience, and his firm faith in God, the protection of the Almighty hath been so constant, on his Imperial person, that as the Lords anointed he never hath or could be oppressed, or hurt by any. As plainly appeareth by his Imperial magnanimity, in the very beginning of his reign, and some following years after, when the three Regal Offices and Counsellors of the Kingdom of Bohemia being thrown out of the window at Prag, in the year 1618. the 25. of May (the Emperor Matthas the first being yet alive) all his hereditary Provinces and Countries were destroyed with fire and sword, and his sacred person (as it were) in the midst of his enemies, having nothing remaining, but only the City of Vienna, it was not possible to force him from his Residence, but on the contrary he was always most miraculously preserved by God.  
The same Nuncio reports also, that his Imperial Majesty, hath said, in greatest dangers; that the divine providence had abundantly manifested its strength and power in his sacred person, above the reach and understanding of man.  
And for matters of religion or conscience, when his Imperial Majesty did depute a Counsellor or Commissioner to that end, he did not precipitate a ratification, but first remit all to his Confessor, who is most acute and prudent father, whose counsel and a judgement his Imperial Majesty (as the sheep his shepherd) did constantly follow with a willing and ready mind and heart; and to clear himself from all scruples of conscience, he did refer unto him all, even the least things.  
On other days, (except the Lord's day) having heard two Masses and dispatched his private consultations, for every day, or at least every other day, he did hold a Counsel, unless there were something of greater moment to dispatch, his Imperial Majesty used to go out of town to take the air, or to hunt (in which kind of exercise he did most delight) and commonly returned not till night: whence the proverb grew, that his Imperial Majesty in three things was indefatigable; to wit, In devotion, in counsel, and in hunting. And although sometimes he did return somewhat late and tired from hunting; yet did he never refuse or forbear to sign with his own hand forty, fifty; or threescore or more several things at one time, concerning the business of the Empire, and other matters, and without the least show of displeasure or impatience; and then he did sit down to meat. So that his Imperial Majesty did never return from counsel, from hunting, or from audience (as they term it,) without prescribing or signing somewhat, or reading memorials, or being otherwise employed. And forasmuch as his Imperial Majesty by reason of the many businesses of the Empire, and others of great consequence, could not himself read the least part of them; if there was any thing presented to himself, or to the master of his chamber, he did command it to be sent by a waiter or usher of the chamber unto the Counsel proper for the business, that it might be speedily dispatched.  
His Imperial Majesty was most of all delighted in hunting (as is said) and in Music; and did keep all kind of dogs, and strange birds, for hunting and hawking. Of Huntsmen and Falcners, he had about 150. But besides these, his Imperial Majesty, in all his hereditary Kingdoms, and Provinces, had a chief Huntsman with diverse others, and dogs without number.  
He did use a piece very skilfully; but his chiefest pleasure was to moose his game, and with his own hand to kill wild boars, which he afterwards sent for presents of honour to foreign Ambassadors and Agents, and to the officers of the Court. And he was wont to keep a catalogue of the annual number of the Dear he killed, and sent to the elector of Saxony.  
His Imperial Majesty was likewise very curious to get exquisite Musicians, and to these two kinds of men, Musicians and Huntsmen, he did give very liberally, and spend much money on them. Music, he said, is profitable, and fit for the praise and honour of the Almighty; and to make the heart of man merry.  
His Imperial Majesty did ordinarily dine in his Antichamber, but most commonly sup with the Empress. Two years since, his Imperial Majesty, with the Empress, King and Queen of Hungary, and the Archduke and Archdutchesse, on solemn and great feasts, (as at Christina's, Easter, and Whitsuntide,) used to eat in public in the Chamber of the Knights and Nobles, before a great multitude; where there was commonly most exquisite Music of Instruments.  
The Emperor's Table is usually attended by the Ordinaries of the chamber, Sewers, Cupbearers, and such like Officers, and sometimes also by Princes, Earls, and Barons of the Empire, who having waited about an hour's space, withdraw themselves. For no Prince is admitted to fit at the Emperor's table in his Court at Vienna; but elsewhere, and in the Country, he sometimes, though seldom at his residence, causeth some to sit at table with him, according as they are great and eminent either by their birth and quality, or in his grace and favour.  
It is worth the observing, that Christian the elder Prince of Anhalt, being reconciled to the Emperor, presented the towel to his Imperial Majesty after washing, and after waited bareheaded; but when he had received his investiture and feudalities from the Emperor, and stood likewise bareheaded before the Imperial table; the Emperor considering it, would not admit thereof; and thereupon by the chief Marshal of his Court, (which then was the Earl of Lozenstein,) commanded him to put on his hat, which he did; and withal to sit at the table with him, which he did also in the Castle of Vienna.  
When his Imperial Majesty sits at the table with the Empress, in stead of Noblemen, Knights, and Gentlemen, the Imperial Ladies and maids of the Empress serve at the table, and then there is most exquisite Music; otherwise there is no music at dinner, unless it be on festival and holidays.  
The meats which are served on the Imperial board, are neither costly nor dainty, nor any way superfluous in splendour or magnificence, for so great a Prince.  
According to the time and occasion there are jesters, which make sport and tell merry tales. Amongst these jonas is the prime for sudden jests, but they are never so free as when the Emperor is abroad, or hunting.   

CHAP. 4. Of the manner of the Emperor's going to the Church or Chapel, of his attendants and of the carriage of the Ambassadors and Agents at those times, and how his Imperial Majesty is served returning from Church or Chapel, and what he then used to do.  
WHen his Imperial Majesty goes to the Church, the King of Hungary being present, goes next before him, in a Coach alone; and then follows his Imperial Majesty, either alone, or with the Empress. When the Queen of Hungary is present, the Empress and she, and the Archdutchesse are most commonly carried in one Coach, and follow next after the Emperor: and after then the Ladies and Gentlewomen in diverse Coaches. The Archduke goes before the King, and before all these on foot go the Courtiers, Knights, and Imperial Ministers of all sorts and condition. On both sides walk the Guard called Hartschierer and Trabanten bareheaded, which indeed is a brave sight and makes a great train.  
A troop of Soldiers on foot follow the Ladies, which attend and wait on the Emperor from his going out of Court till he return, to dine at the Court or any where else, be it in a Monastery or College, or any other place wheresoever.  
The Pope's Nuncio and other Ambassadors, never appear before his Imperial Majesty; till after divine service, or other public acts be done; and then they present themselves to his Imperial Majesty, and wait upon him to his Coach, and then they presently retire.  
When his Imperial Majesty is in the City, out of the Court, the City gates are all shut, and locked up.  
The great Master of the horse, doth use to go with his head covered on the left side of the Imperial Coach, but abroad he sits in the Coach over against the Emperor.  
When the Emperor goes out of his chamber to Church or Chapel, and returns again by the Knights great chamber and antichamber, the Pages of honour, the Nobles, Knights, Gentlemen of the chamber, Counselors, Barons, Earls, Princes, and other Officers of several conditions, follow them. After the Princes follow the Ambassadors, if any be present, than the Pope's Nuncio, the Archduke, the King of Hungary, and then his Imperial Majesty; and after him the Empress, the Queen of Hungary, the Archdutchesse, every one with his h of master, and last of all, the Ladies of honour. The Guard of both sorts wait till the train be passed, and until his Imperial Majesty be set at dinner, within and without the Knight's chamber even to the antichamber. On Sundays and festival days, the Trumpets use to sound in the Court of the Castle called Burgplatz.   

CHAP. 5. Of the Imperial antichamber, and of the Knights and Nobles chamber, etc. and what is usually done there.  
THe Barons and Knights, Councillors and principal Officers, Agents and others, who either have had audience of the Emperor, or who otherwise have access thither, until it be time to return home; use to wait in the antichamber or chamber of Knights. In the room where his Imperial Majesty gives audience, no man may put on his hat, but an absolute Prince, or a Prince of  Empire, a Cardinal, the Pope's Nuncio, and Kings Ambassadors.  
Here it is also to be observed, that when his Imperial Majesty is to pass the Knight's chamber, and comes near it, one of the ushers with a key raps the door twice, for a sign of his Imperial Majesties coming. When the Emperor passeth the chamber of Knights, diverse petitions and memorials are frequently presented to him; and withal, he is admonished and put in mind of the necessity and importance of the business, which his Imperial Majesty most graciously receives, and gives ear unto every one's petition, although sometimes it be very long with great patience and equanimity, without displeasure or anger.  
When his Imperial Majesty sees any foreign Knight of special qualities, or any who is lately returned to the Imperial Court, whom he had known before, he gives him his hand to kiss. He willingly hears propositions made unto him, and most graciously answereth them, and sometimes of himself he moves and asks some gentle and pleasing questions.  
He receives all writings and memorial with his own hands, and carries them with him into his own chamber, and never gives them away, until he come thither. He usually speaketh German or Italian, and sometimes also Latin, and that very readily and correctly; but never speaks French or Spanish, no not with the Spanish Ambassador himself.   

CHAP. 6. Of the yearly revenues of the Kingdoms, and hereditary Provinces of his Imperial Majesty.  
IT is difficult to speak certainly of the yearly revenues of his Imperial Majesty, out of his Kingdoms and hereditary Provinces; because those Countries, aswell by reason of the ordinary and extraordinary contributions, as for other causes are changed much from the ancient state, and are very uncertain.  
His Imperial Majesty hath a very great revenue, from the Hungarian mines of gold and silver, but doth expend it all, and much more in preserving the places bordering on the Turk.  
The Duke of Bavaria hath long possessed the Upper Austria, for twelve millions of florins paid at Ratisbone, in the year 1622. and still by that agreement it remaineth engaged unto him. And this at the present is much depopulated in diverse places by the insurrections of the boors.  
The Marquisate of Upper and Lower Lusatia in the year 1636. was granted to the elector of Saxony, for some millions in hereditary propriety.  
The revenue of Bohemia and Moravia, besides the ordinary and extraordinary contributions and other impositions, some few years since, amounted about some three millions yearly.  
The revenue of Silesia hath been uncertain of late years, but the yearly impost on Beer only, is fare above two hundred thousand florins.  
But the revenues of Lower Austria, Stiria, Carinthia, Carniola, etc. are of all others the most certain, safe and ordinary, and these according to report, amount unto about two millions of florins.  
The faithful subjects also of his Imperial Majesty's dominions, do yearly send to the Imperial Court some hundred thousand florins. The provincial Diets do likewise help him to much money. And besides all these, the goods which were confiscated by reason of the many rebellions in Bohemia and Moravia, and in the Upper Austria, and somewhat in the Lower, have brought above three and forty millions of florins to the Imperial Treasury, since the year 1618.   

CHAP. 7. Of the Empress, King FERDINAND the third, the Queen MARY, Archduke Leopald William, and the Emperor's daughters.  
ELeonora the Roman Empress, daughter of Vincent, the elder Duke of Mantova, and sister to the late deceased Duke Vincent of Mantova, is now thirty seven years of age, of a perfect stature, gentle countenance, and wise; a good wife, liberal, merciful, and meek. She had for her dowry from her ducal house, about three hundred thousand crowns: And his Imperial Majesty hath given her lands in lower Austria to above that value in exchange. When she was crowned at Presburg, the Hungarians presented her a hundred thousand Rixdollers: and in the second provincial Diet of Hungary eighteen thousand Rixdollers, and another time also, thirty thousand. His Imperial Majesty allows her commonly every month two thousand florins, (which in English is no more than three hundred pounds sterling,) & a Country house commonly called Favoritenhoff  
Her habit is almost Spanish, she is pious and religious, and entertains Ecclesiastical persons with great love and honour, and chief Capuchins and Carmelites.  
His Imperial Majesty hath left four children living, Ferdinand the third, King of Hungary and Bohemia; Leopald William, Archduke of Austria; Maria Anna, wife of Maximilian Duke of Bavaria and; and Cecilia Renata, who is yet unmarried: all borne of his Imperial Majesty's first wife, who was his cousin german, and sister to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria.  
King Ferdinand the third is now of nine and twenty years of age complete; he is well favoured, of an heroic countenance and fashion, of a taller stature than his father, black hair and beard, becoming his royal face, and giving it a manly form; he is wise, prudent and serious, careful of his reputation, silent, and in many things like the Duke of Bavaria. He pays his debts duly, but withal, he knows well how to practise the proverb, Ne quid nimis, or rather as the Dutch, near reckoned, well paid; yet will be wanting in nothing which is just and decent. His studies (in which he hath well profited) are fit for a King, as well necessary in war as in peace, chief the Mathematics, and art of war and fortification, he speaks many Languages, Germane, Italian, Latin, Bohemian and Spanish. He is devout, and religious: and he hath a particular Court of his own.  
The Queen his wife is the Infanta Mary, sister of Philip the 4th. King of Spain, whose dowry (the same with the Queen of France) was five hundred thousand crowns, every crown valued at thirteen rials. The King her brother also was at the care and charge of her transport even to the furthest parts of Austria.  
Archduke Leopold William, Bishop Strasburg, Bassan and Halberstadt, is three and twenty years of age, tall and of a strong complexion, a lover of hunting; he hath put on the habit of a Churchman. But it is said, that he will not continue in this Ecclesiastical state, but intends to marry.  
The Archdutchesse Mary Anne, who is now married to the Duke of Bavaria her uncle, of the age of twenty eight, well bred, devout and virtuous, prudent and industrious, of black hair and eyes, of a most sweet countenance, well skilled in Germane and Italian. Vadislaus the now King of Poland should have married her: but, they say, the marriage was hindered by the States of Poland, and by the King's Counsellors; she was afterwards intended for the Cardinal Infant, the only son also of the Prince Palatine of Newburg: Albert Duke of Bavaria, as also Bethlem Gabor Prince of Transilvania by the example of Sigismond Bather desired to have married her; to which effect the Transylvanian sent his Ambassadors to his sacred Imperial Majesty at Newstat. But at last her uncle Maximilian Duke of Bavaria carried her.  
The younger Imperial Princess, the Archdutchesse Cecilia Ranata, is five and twenty years old, fairer faced than her sister, godly, virtuous, and very well brought up, but speaks her Mother tongue only Germane, and although she understand Italian, she speaks it not. The common opinion and conjecture is, she shall be married to the Cardinal Infant.  
These two Imperial Princesses are of a perfect proportion and stature, and somewhat of a strong complexion.   

CHAP. 8. Of the four chief Officers of the Imperial Court, the High Steward, the High Marshal, High Chamberlain, and High Master of the Horse, and of those of the Chamber, and of their Aids, Pages of honour, Guards aswell horse as foot, Court Chaplains, and Imperial father Confessor.  
THe highest and chiefest Office of the Imperial Court, is the high Steward; a grave man, stately, and now aged, who heretofore under the Emperor Mathias was high Chamberlain.  
The high Marshal of the Court is a great and profitable office of authority and reputation, whose jurisdiction extends itself not only over all the Courtiers, Officers, and others belonging to the Imperial Court, but also over foreign Agents, Residents, Ambassadors, and Deputies; soliciting and negotiating affairs and businesses in the Imperial Court: and over all that have any employment at Court, workmen, jews, and such like. His office also is to assign lodgings to every one according to discretion: when the Emperor removes his Court elsewhere, except at the Electoral and Imperial Diets, for there the hereditary Marshal of the Empire doth exercise his jurisdiction. The said Court Martial hath his Quartermaster, and other inferior harbingers (commonly called Furriers) under him; who have the charge of billeting and lodgings. And his Imperial Majesty being absent, the chief Marshal of the Court is his Vicegerent.  
Under the jurisdiction of the high Chamberlain, are those of the chamber, and all others serving therein. He conducts all King's Ambassadors, and other Princes, Lords, and Knights, unto their audience with his Imperial Majesty. He receives all letters of credence from all Agents and Solicitors, as well of foreign Princes, as of those of the Empire, and all others sent to the Imperial Court, directed to his Imperial Majesty, and signifies the prefixed time of their audience by a usher of the Chamber. He often watcheth whole nights himself before the Imperial Chamber, he wears a guilt key of the chamber, as do the rest of the chamber, tied to a black silk string, which is a sign they are of the Chamber to his Imperial Majesty. Those of the Chamber receive themselves the golden key from the high Chamberlain, and going from Court, they are bound to deliver it up to him again; and returning back to the Imperial Court they receive it again, and wear it as before. Their monthly stipend is forty florins (six pound sterling) with their diet at Court, as also have the other twelve of the Chamber in ordinary.  
There are diverse others also of the Chamber, who receive neither wages nor diet, nor ought else, except the guilt key, with the title and honour.  
Two of the twelve of the Camber in ordinary, every week by turns lie and watch all night before the Imperial Chamber. When the Emperor eats in the antichamber, they take the assay of the meat, which is served thither. If any one be to be made of the Chamber, he must take an oath of his allegiance to his Imperial Majesty, before the high Chamberlain, and give security.  
In the absence of the high Chamberlain, the eldest of the Chamber supplies his Office. When his Imperial Majesty sits publicly at table, the Sewers, which are truly Nobleses and of ancient families (some of them being Barons and Earls) serve and wait at Table, and so do the Cupbearers and Pantlers, and over them all is a certain Officer (commonly called Obrister Staebel meyster) who is otherwise one of the Chamber, who bearing a black staff, ushers the dishes which are brought to the Imperial table; neither hath he any certain wages, besides his diet at Court. He useth always to attend his Imperial Majesty in travelling, and hath a horse, or a coach room appointed for him. Of these and the like Nobles and Courtiers, there are about threescore which have only their diet and accommodation, as they call it, in travelling; and who remain in Court in hope of some better preferment, which they seldom or never expect in vain, unless sometimes their fortune be slow and too long coming.  
His Imperial Majesty hath also some servants of the Chamber, who are by their places to hearken after common discourses and rumours, and these use to make relations of what they conceive will prove acceptable. They are honoured with Nobility and have their diet at Court, and have also horses or coach room for travel allowed, and sixteen florins wages by the month.  
And as his Majesty's Imperial liberality and innate bounty towards his faithful Servants and Courtiers is inexhaustible: so he doth sometimes according to the quality of the service, reward them very liberally, besides their ordinary wages, that afterwards they may more patiently expect, until God shall further favour them; remembering (as it were) that the rich man who entertained his servants always with that comfort, to reward them largely after his death, was admonished by this inscription: Give thine whilst it is thine, which after death is none of thine. Whereupon his Imperial Majesty about two years since said to the jesuits, be taking Fathers, you shall not have always with you Ferdinand the second.  
There are likewise hiushers of the chamber, who wait at the door of the Antichamber, and suffer none but those who are allowed to enter there, these have a monthly stipend of twelve florins.  
The great master of the Horse hath authority and command over all that belong to the Stables. He helps his Imperial Majesty, when he gets on horseback. When he rides out of Town, he sits in the Imperial Coach with his head covered. But when he goes to Church, he goes on foot on the left hand of the Coach, also his head covered.  
The expense of his Imperial Majesty for the Stables, is great; for he keeps some hundreds of horses, of which many are spoilt by hunting: and besides these in his hereditary Provinces, he hath many and stately Stables.  
Part of the Pages of honour are Germane, part Italians, and Belgians, seldom of other Nations. They are brought up in study and the exercise of the body, and are afterwards preferred to the offices of Sewers, Cupbearers, or the like, as also some to more eminent offices, as their qualities deserve. They hold the torches in the Churches or Chapels behind the Priests, while Mass is celebrated; their livery is of three colours, yellow, black, and white.  
Of the Guards, some are horsemen or lanciers, (commonly called Hartshterer) and of them there are one hundred, in the time of the former Emperors they were nobly descended, some also of late have been of noble Families, and others expert and approved soldiers against the Turk, the common enemy of Christendom, in the wars of Hungary; but at this day the greatest part are of mean condition. In Town they wait on foot, bearing their Lances, but out of Town as horsemen, they are clothed as Pages with a livery of three colours.  
The Guards on foot (commonly called Trabauten) are in number one hundred also. These wait only in Town with their halberds, and are, for the most part, tradesmen and mechaniques: their coats and  are likewise of three colours.  
The six Court-chaplaines or Deacons are all Priests, every morning they sing Mass, and in their turns by weeks they say grace before the Imperial Table, they are little esteemed, they have every one their diet at Court, and three hundred florins (or 45. pound sterling) wages yearly; and one of them who is the chief Parochus, hath four hundred florins, besides which they usually enjoy some other Ecclesiastical benefices, whereby they may the better provide for their necessaries.  
The Emperor's Confessor is Father Laimormain, of the order of the Jesuits, by Nation a Fleming or Walloone, and an old man. He hath the greatest authority in the Imperial Court, as he who hath the heart of Caesar, and his conscience in his hands, and at his beck; his counsels and advices as well in Ecclesiastical cases of conscience, as in politic affairs prevail before all others, and unto him they are referred. Whoso hath this father for his Patron, may safely effect his business in the Imperial Court.   

CHAP. 9 Of the several Imperial Court Counsels, as of the Cabinet Counsel the Imperial Court Counsel, the Chamber Court Counsel, Military Counsel, Ecclesiastical Counsel, Counsel of conscience, Hungarian Counsel, Bohemian Counsel, and confiscation Counsel.  
THe Privy Counsellors of the Cabinet, excel the other Counselors in dignity, for they are employed in consultation of States matters, concerning the peace and war of the Emperor's hereditary Kingdoms and Dominions, and the petitions and Commands of foreign Kings and Princes. To these also belong all matters of the Chambers, and whatsoever is first debated and deliberated by other Counsels, and concluded by votes, and referred to his Imperial Majesty. And also, what other Counsels have before decided, the Cabinet Counsel afterwards sometimes changeth or otherwise disposeth of, and from thence is the Imperial restitution to be expected in all things.  
In matters of the Empire, the judgement and sentence of the Imperial Court Counsel, grounded on strong and firm reasons, is seldom rejected or changed by the Cabinet Counsel. And hence it appears that all things first come to his Imperial Majesty, before their dispatch; except small matters, which may of course be granted by the Precedent of the Imperial Court Counsel, or Vice Chancellor of the Empire.  
All matters of grace, of what nature soever they be, are presented to his Imperial Majesty, with all humbleness, and presently they pass and belong unto the Imperial Cabinet Counsel; yet sometimes his Imperial Majesty causeth them to be referred to the Imperial Court Counsel, that he may understand their reformation and judgement, before he gives his own gracious judgement thereupon.  
About two years since the Prince of Eggenberg had the direction of this Cabinet Counsel, and was absolute Patron of Caesar's will, so that they then had but one heart & one way; as the Prince of Eggenberg within the Court had all the power, so the Duke of Friesland did sway in the wars.  
And although he kept his bed almost continually by reason of the gout and colic, with which he was much afflicted, and although his house was a good distance from the Imperial Court, yet his Imperial Majesty appointed his Cabinet Counsel to be always assembled there, and himself passed to his house from the Archducall Castle, or Imperial Court through a long Gallery, and assisted in his own person at the consultations. Neither did he only visit him at times of Counsel, but other times also daily, and sometimes often in one day. And his Imperial Majesty, and the Empress did often use to play and sport themselves in his house. This Prnce was of an admirable judgement, a quick understanding, a great capacity and eloquence, and framed by nature to a most comely shape, a bigot in religion, dissembling, most happy in advising and resolving counsels; and on that knew how to satisfy his Imperial Majesty in all things.  
The Emperor had mightily enriched him, and made him very great, as may in part appear by the titles which he enjoyed whilst he lived. It was then a Proverb, that the Emperor had three mighty hills; to wit, Eggenberg, Werdenburg, and Questenberg: and three precious stones Dietrichstein, Walstein and Liechenstein in his hereditary Kingdoms and Provinces; for that those Families had attracted and appropriated to themselves a great part of the best and fairest dominions in the hereditary Provinces of his Imperall Majesty.  
But as this Prince of Eggenberg hath still enjoyed the constant grace of the Emperor, the favour of all the house of Austria, the esteem and praise of all the Imperial Court, and a general respect and honour of all the Country and Empire: Son on the other side, as soon as the treason of the Duke of Fridland & his conspiracy, intended at Pilsen, was discovered, both the Emperor's grace and all other men's favour and respect towards him began to fail: so that he had but even time enough, yea scarce enough (when the King of Hungary Ferdinand the third, taking his last leave of the said Prince of Eggenberg, and bidding him farewell, without those terms of kindness, which otherwise are usually given to Princes of the Empire) to withdraw himself out of the Court, and in the best manner he could, make (as it were) his retreat into Stiria.  
Of the Cabinet Counsel to the Emperor were, the Cardinal of Dietrichstein, a Moravian by Nation; the Bishop of Vienna of the Rhine; the Count of Megar, an Austrian; the Count of Trantmansdorff a Stirian; the Count of Fugger of Suevia; the Abbot of Lilieufield a Westphalian; the Count of Schlick a Bohemian; the Count of Werdenberg an Italian; Count Mansfelt an Earl of the sacred Roman Empire, who seldom comes to Counsel; Count Schlawata a Bohemian; Count Kevenhuller a Carinthian; the Count of Morsburg a Franconian, and the Lord Breuner an Austrian.  
The Imperial Court Counsel next in rank to the Cabinet Counsel, is where all affairs of the Empire both public and private are both considered and decided, according to the laws and constitutions of the Empire, and according to the grants and charters of privilege and immunities of the Electours, Princes, and States of the Sacred Roman Empire, that every one may be maintained and established therein; and not by any means be burdened, contrary to the Laws.  
The Counsellors of this Counsel are partly Nobles, and partly Doctors. Of the Nobles there are but six of the Empire, the rest are all borne in the Emperor's hereditary Provinces. The Doctors are many, and most of them borne in the Empire; that is, within the Austrian Provinces. And because the affairs of the Electours, Princes, and States of the Sacred Roman Empire are of great moment; therefore the consultation and direction being made, his Imperial Majesty is informed thereof in his Cabinet Counsel, and from thence his resolution is expected. Hence the dispatches are sent to the Secretary, and being prepared, the said Secretary first subscribes himself on the left hand below, afterwards the Vicechancellor of the Empire, in the middle towards the right hand, and last of all his Imperial Majesty signs the close under the writing, towards the right side.  
The yearly wages of every one of the Imperial Court Counselors, is twelve hundred florins, (one hundred and forty pounds sterling) and besides his Imperial Majesty distributes and gives them gratifications, according to their merit; and according as every one hath faithfully and profitably discharged his office on his Imperial Majesty.  
The Court Counsel of war, is composed for the most part, of Knights and Commanders. In this they do consult and make provision for the garrisons and soldiers, how to continue the war and to assign necessary allowance to the soldiers, money for the armies, victuals, and provision; and to supply them with munition and all other things, directed for the good, profit, and benefit of his Imperial Majesty, in all things which may and ought to be done.  
The Court Counsel of the Imperial Chamber, hath not only power and jurisdiction in all other chambers, but also looks unto all the revenues and rents aswell of the Empire, as chief of his Imperial Majesty, his hereditary Provinces. For although every one of his Imperial Majesty's hereditary Kingdoms and Provinces, have a peculiar chamber, yet all of them depend upon the said Court chamber.  
The resolutions of this chamber are somewhat slow and tedious; and thence it was, that in the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary, this amongst others was presented as a great grievance, that the States and subjects of that Crown, could not obtain dispatch, but were constrained at great expense and charges, to neglect the affairs and businesses of their own family, to attend in vain this Court chamber. The now precedent of this Counsel and Court chamber, is an Ecclesiastical Prelate.  
And here it is chiefly to be observed, that the Precedent of the Court chamber, who directs so many millions of revenues from the Emperor's hereditary Kingdoms and Provinces, whether he be deposed or resigns his office, is not obliged to give any account of his administration.  
The Ecclesiastical Counsel was instituted by the Emperor Maximilian the second, that Ecclesiastical matters and those which concern Religion, aswell in the Empire, as in his Imperial Majesty's hereditary Kingdoms and Dominions, might be therein resolved and deliberated. This Counsel hath neither a Precedent, nor a set number of Counselors; the one half whereof is of Ecclesiastical persons, and the other of Politic.  
The Counsel of conscience consists only in the meeting of Ecclesiastical persons, which are more or less according to the occasion.  
When his Imperial Majesty treated the peace of Prag in the year 1635. with the elector of Saxony, and his conscience was much perplexed, whether he might any longer suffer the Evangelicks to enjoy the possessions of Ecclesiastical goods in the Empire; for the recovery whereof, the war had so long continued, and so much blood had been shed: This question of conscience, of so great a consequence, was referred to the Counsel of Divines, that thereupon they might declare their judgement. Hereupon diverse Ecclesiastical persons were assembled from diverse places in the City of Vienna: the Counsel was composed of two Cardinals, two Bishops, two Prelates, two Cannons, two Fathers, of every society and order, (amongst which were also two jesuits.) And they deliberated and consulted thereon for diverse weeks, and at last delivered an opinion, whereupon his Imperial Majesty did afterwards agree of Articles with the elector of Saxony, and thereupon the peace was published.  
And this Assembly of Ecclesiastiques was then called, the Counsel of conscience; because the matter touched the conscience of his Imperial Majesty.  
The Court Counsel for Hungary consists of Hungarians only, and hath a dependence on the Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary, who is there as Viceroy.  
The present Palatine is the Lord Esterhasy, Count de Gallanta, Knight of the golden Fleece; who governs the Hungarian Kingdom in secular matters, as Cardinal Pasman the jesuit, Archbishop of Gran doth in spiritual.  
To this Counsel also belong the affairs of the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Creatia and Sclavonia.  
The Bohemian Court Counsel, although it seems not to be a set Counsel, as the others, because therein ordinarily are only a Chancellor, Vicechancellor, & Secretary: & that besides the government of that Kingdom is committed to the Lieutenant and supreme Officers at Prag: nevertheless, diverse petitions and supplications, touching tenors, immunities, confirmations and enlargement of Provinces, and all sorts of feudal affairs are bought to the Bohemian Court Chancery, as well out of the City as Country, and are afterwards all dispatched in the Court Chancery.  
There is also a particular Officer of tenors and fealties, who (the vassals conveniently desiring it) doth grant unto them their recognziances or attestations that they have performed the feodatory oath, which being brought into the Chancery, there are afterward dispatched the feodary patents. If there happen any processes, they are first sent to the Royal Counsel of appeals for information and report of their opinion therein; and afterwards they are resolved and decided in the Court Chancery. Other appeals also from the whole Kingdom of Bohemia, of all the cities, towns and parts thereof are brought thither and many times decrees and sentenses, about feudal affairs are there pronounced and obtained. The Barons and Knights of that Kingdom seek justice and redress (if they need) at a Court called, the royal Landtable. And matters of debt are decided at a Court, commonly called, the office of the Burggrave; next in dignity to the former. Reviewes or affairs of Revision are referred out of the Chancery to the chamber, called the Green chamber. When there happens any thing of moment in the Court, there is held a Bohemian Counsel at the Lord vicechancellors of the Empire, the Baron of Stralendorfs: To which purpose, because there befall at this time diverse businesses of great moment, concerning the affairs both of the Kingdom of Bohemia as also the incorporate Provinces, which are to be discussed and resolved upon (which would have been too troublesome for the Bohemian Counsel alone) his Imperial Majesty hath deputed (besides the said Bohemian Counsellors) some others of the Imperial Court Counsel, and joined them in Commission with his said Vicechancellor Stralendorff. The confiscation Counsel consists of the Bishop of Vienna, the Abbot of Lilienfield, Precedent of the Imperial Court chamber, the Count of Schlicke Precedent of the Court Counsel of war; together with the Secretary of the Court chamber, Hoffman of Ankerson. In this Counsel of confiscation, was taken the deliberation and resolution about the distribution of the confiscated goods and Lands of the late Duke of Fridland, Count of Kinskie, and the Baron Ilaw: and since that time very lately in the same Counsel hath been consulted about the distribution of the goods of Terskie, a great part whereof is already bestowed on others. And this cause of Terskie being now finished, they are now busied in causes of Silesia, and diverse others. And these confiscated goods amounted to many millions, besides the three and forty millions already mentioned. These and the like, are the means whereby the soldiers are partly satisfied, and appeased in their importunities.   

CHAP. 10. Of the foreign Ambassadors, and Agents, and of the Ambassadors and Agents of the Empire, now at Vienna.  
THe Pope hath an ordinary Nuntio to the Imperial Court, who is called the Appertolicke Nuncio. He pretends spiritual jurisdiction, not only in the Kingdoms of Hungary, and Bohemia, with their adherent and incorporated Countries, and in all other Countries and Provinces of Austria; but even in the whole Germane Empire. He watcheth also for the safety of the Roman Church, that it may receive no prejudice nor detriment, and if he observe any such thing, he opposeth himself and protests against it.  
As he did lately in the cause of Bremen, and was much displeased at the Emperor's gracious resolution therein: to whom his Imperial Majesty made answer, that he was enforced by the Treaty of Prag, to yield to that and many other things, because the Pope had forsaken him.  
The King of Spain hath his ordinary Ambassador, and at this time almost continually an extraordinary, the Count d' Onnate, who helps to direct and uphold the Germane and Imperial Military forces as well with counsel as with means and supplies of money. He hath his Counsel also; his Counselors are Father Chirova a Franciscan, the Queen of Hungaries' confessor; Doctor Novara a Spaniard, and Secretary Bodin.  
The French Kings emulation, and being in competency with the Spaniard hinders him from keeping an Ambassador in the Imperial Court. His last Agent was forced to retire himself thence.  
The King of Great Britain hath an Agent with his Imperial Majesty.  
The State of Venice have heretofore had an Ambassador in the Imperial Court, but since the difference about style and title, betwixt the Spanish Ambassador, the Count d'Onnate and Signior Pietro Gritti, Ambassador of Venice, some thirty years since; there hath been no ordinary Ambassador from the State of Venice in the Imperial Court: but they have their Agent, who was invited not long since to dispose the Republic, to send again an ordinary Ambassador to the Imperial Court, with proffer to receive him with the like honour as is given to Ambassadors of Kings.  
The great Duke of Tuscany three years since had likewise his Ambassador there, who was received with the Title of Ambassador at the Imperial Court, and equal honour with the Ambassador of Brussels. But now he hath only a Secretary at Vienna.  
The Duke of Savoy hath for a long time sent no Ambassador to the Imperial Court, because he pretends precedency, before the great Duke of Tuscany.  
The Electors, Princes, & States, of the Roman Empire have some their Residents, and others their Agents, negotiating their affairs in the Imperial Court, but when their happens any thing of moment or difficulty they send their Ambassadors to his Imperall Majesty.  
The Pope's Nuncio takes the first place in the Court before all other Ambassadors, and before the Princes of the Empire then present. After him the Spanish Ambassador claims and pretends precedency.   
FINIS.   

THE STATE OF THE IMPERIALL-COURT of the EMPEROR FERDINAND THE SECOND.  
Wherein is treated, Of all higher and lower Officers, and Ministers, Privy Counsellors, Imperial Court, Court-chamber, Court-Millitary, Hungarian Bohemian, Austrian, and diverse other such like Imperial and Royal Court-Councellors, and Court dispatches, of the several Chanceries and of their Officers.  
And principally, Of the several jurisdictions of the four chief Court Officers: Of Ambassadors, Residents, and Agents, Artificers, Tradesmen and Musicians of the Court, etc.  
As it was MDC. XXXVI.  
LONDON, Printed by ANNE GRIFFIN. 1637.   


The High Steward of the Court.  
THe L. Leonard Hellfried, Count of Megaw, etc.   

The Cabinet Counselors.  
THe L. Francis, Cardinal and Prince of Dietrichstein, Bishop of Olmuiz in Moravia.  
The L. Anthony, Prince and Bishop of Vienna, Abbot of Crembsmunster.  
The L. Leohard Hellfned, Count of Megaw, high Steward of the Imperial Court.  
The L. Maximilian Count Trantmansdorff, high Steward to K. Ferdinand the third.  
The L. john Ernest Fugger, Count of Kerchburg and Weissenhorne, Knight, Precedent of the Imperial Court-Counsell.  
The L. Ignatius, Abbot of Lilienfield, Precedent of the Imperial Court-chamber.  
The L. Henry Schlicke Count of Parsaw, and Weisenkirhen, Precedent of the Imperial Court-counsell of war,  
The L. john Baptist, Count of Werdenberg, Chancellor of the Imperial Court.  
The L. Wolgang, Count and Lord of Mansfelt, Imperial Counsellor of the war, and Governor of Raab in Hungary.  
The L. George Lippai of Zombor, Bishop of Vesperin, Chancellor of the Hungarian Counsel.  
The L. William Count of Schlavata, high Chancellor of the Kingdom of Bohemia.  
The L. Francis Christopher Khevenhiller, Count of Frankenberg, high Steward of the Court of the Queen of Hungary.  
The L. julius Neidhard, Count of Noersburg.  
The L. Peter Henry of Stralendorff, Baron, Vicechancellor of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
The L. Sigfrid Christopher Preuner Baron, Lieutenant of Lower Austria.   

The High Chamberlain.  
THe Lord john jacob Khiesel, Count of Gotsher.   

The high Ma shalt of the Court.  
THe Lord Leonhard Helfried, Count of Harrach.   

The high Master of the Horse.  
THe Lord Bruno, Count and Lord of Mansfelt.   

The Lords of the Emperor's chamber in ordinary are these following.  
THe L. john Christopher of Paar Baron; general Postmaster for the Court.  
Wentzel Count of Wurben.  
Charles Count of Portia.  
Georg Achat C. of Losenstein.  
Szywa Count of Wurben.  
Frederick Cou. of Caveriani.  
Hierome Co. of Montecuculi.  
Montauto Co. of Mountacut.  
George Barthol. Khiel C. etc.  
Frederick Co. of Atomos.  
Vratislaus Co. of Furstenberg.  
Francis Co. of Picolomini.  
john Co. of Swartzenberg.  
Wolf Engelbrecht Co. of Awersberg.  
Diolate Co. of Conossa.  
Simon Lewis Co. of Dietrichstein.  
john Count of Trauston.  
George Ehrnrich C. of Trautmanstorf.  
Adam Co. of Budianis.  
Adam Count Forgatsh.  
julius' C. of Salm. Barons.  
Gabriel Ardedi Freebaron.  
john Sigismond Gayler Freebaron.  
Dionise Setshy Freebaron.  
Stanislaus Potaizi Wolfskie Freebaron.  
jacob di Negro Freebaron.  
William of Tedenbach Free-b.  
Christopher of Ebiswald Freebaron.  
john Maximilian Freebaron of Lamberg.  
Peter Ernest of Molar Freebaron.  
john George Freebaron of Herberstein.  
Christopher Free-b. Teufel.  
Rodolf Freebaron of Paar.   
These following of his Imperial Majesty's chamber extraordinary, are all either Princes, Earls or Lords.  

PRince Christian of Anhalt.  
john Caspar Master of the Teutonick Order, Prince of Mergetheim.  
jules Henry Duke of Saxen Lawenburg: Colonel.  
Rodolf Maximilian Duke of  
Saxen Lawenburg, Colonel.  
Francis Albert Duke of Saxen Lawenburg, Colonel.  
Rodolf Duke of Lignitz.  
Henry Wentzel Duke of Munsterberg.  
Maximilian Prince of Liechtenberg.  
Ferdinand Prin. of Cardenas. Earls.  
Anthony Gunther Count of Oldenburg.  
Christian C. of Waldeck.  
john Lewis C. of Nassaw.  
Frederick C. of Hardeck.  
George Lewis C. of Swartzenberg.  
Frederick C. of Furstenberg.  
William C. of Slawata.  
Wolfgang C. of Mantsfelt.  
Bruno C. of Mansfelt.  
Henry C. of Shlick.  
Maximilian C. of Dieterichstein.  
Francis Christopher C. Khevenhuller.  
jaroslaw Borzita C. of Marzin.  
Leonhard Hellfrid C. of Megaw.  
Balthasar C. of Maradas.  
john C. of Nassaw.  
George C. of Opperstorf.  
Mathias C. of Gallas.  
Michael Adolf Co. of Altheim.  
William Vratislaw C. of Mitrowitz.  
Adam Paul C. of Slawata.  
Maximilian C. of Wallstein.  
Leonhard Charles C. of Harrach.  
Rodolf C. of coloredo.  
Octavius Co. Piccolomini. Barons.  
Arnold Freebaron of Peymer.  
Philip Husman Freebaron.  
john jacob Freebaron of Kusstein.  
Ernest Freeb. of Kollonnitsh.  
Ferdinand Curtz Freebaron of Serftenaw.  
Christopher Loebell Freebar.  
Sigfrid Christopher Preuner Freebaron.  
julius Neidhard Freebaron of Moersburg.  
William Leopald Nothaft Freebaron of Wehrenberg.  
Gundacre Freebaron of Polheim.  
Paul Palfy Freebaron.  
Steven Palfy Freebaron.  
Ernest Freebaron of Suys.  
Paul jacob Freebaron of Starenberg.  
Rodolf Freebaron of Tieffenbach.  
Frederic Freebaron of Thallenberg.  
Christopher Thonradle Freebaron.  
Christopher Paradiser Freebaron.  
Sigismond Adam Freebaron of Traun.  
Adam Freebar. of Wallstein.  
Charles Freebaron of Tzherotin.  
Peter Henry Freebaron of Stralendorf.  
Conrade Baron of Steinberg.  
Henry Freebar. of St. julian.  
George Teuffell Freebaron.  
john Freebaron of the Reck.  
Leopold Freeb. of Stralendorf.  
joachim Adolf of Stralendorf Baron.   

The Imperial Court-counsell hath two Benches, whereof the one is called, the Bench of the Nobles, and consisteth of Counts, Barons and Knights, to the number of twenty.  
The other Bench is called the Bench of the learned Counselors; whereof are ten, most of them Doctors or Bachelors both of the civil and canon Law.  
The Precedent of this Court-counsell is john Ernest Fugger Count of Kirchberg.  
Another Counsel, called the Imperial Court-chamber, consisteth of seven Counsellors, which are either Freebarons, Barons, or Doctors: Ignatius Abbot of Lillyfield is the Precedent of this Counsel.  
The Counsel of War consisteth of eight Counselors, whereof is one Duke, two Counts, and five Freebarons: and Henry Count of Shlick is Precedent of this Imperial Military-counsell.  
The Captain of the Guard with Javelins (consisting of one hundred horse and called Hartshier) is Don Balthasar Count de Maradas.  
The Captain of the foot, or Halberdiers, is Philip Count of Mansfelt, and this Guard consisteth also of one hundred men.  
The Master of the Staff, or the Imperial Officer, who bearing a black rod, ushereth the meat which is carried to the Imperial table, commonly called Stabmaster, is Diodato Count de Conossa.  
Bruno Count of Mansfelt is now both Master Falkner and Huntsman; the two offices of the high Hunter and high Falkner.  
The general Postmaster is john Christopher Freebaron of Paar.  
At the Imperial Court are always as Counsellors for the affairs of Hungaria, George Lippai Bishop of Vesperin, Court-chancellour for that Kingdom, and Thomas Mikulich of Brukonoz Counsellor of that Kingdom, and Lieutenant of the King's personal presence in judgement.  
In like manner are Counselors for the affairs of Bohemia: Namely, William Count of Slawata supreme Chancellor, and Adam Libstentzkie of Kolobrat, Freebaron and Vicechancellor of Bohemia.  
After the supreme Master of the staff or Stabmaster, follow the ordinary Court offices: in which are  
Three Cupbearers: the eldest whereof at this time is an Earl, the other are Barons.  
There are two Masters (called Chamberlains) of the plate, whereof the first Chamberlain is john George, Freebaron of Herberstein. The second or under Chamberlain is Laurence Lord of Huttendorf.  
The chief Master of the Kitchen is Theodore Hartman of Clarstein.   

Ecclesiastic persons.  
FAther William Lamormain jesuit, Imperial confessor: and Counsellor of his Imperial Majesty's conscience.  
Two Court Preachers, one for the Germane, the other for the Italian.  
Paul Knor of Rosenroth, chief Chaplain of the Court, and great Almoner.  
There are seven other Court-chaplaines.  
An Imperial Library-keeper.  
An Imperial Historian.  
And there was one, but now is no Mathematician to his Imperial Majesty.  
The Treasurer is Nicholas Churland.  
Court Physicians of his Imperial Majesty are five.   

Residents and Agents, now present at the Imperial Court, are  
FOr the King of Spain, Ambrose Reutz, who negociates also for Brussels.  
monsieur de Scarbonniere, Agent for the K. of France, did of late negotiate at the Imperial Court at Vienna, but a few months since he was not only prohibited, but in a few days commanded, totally to leave the City.  
The Agent for the Qu. Mother, monsieur Roverie, is returned to his Queen.  
The King of England his Agent Mr. john Taylor.  
The K. of Poland's Agent, Mouns. Gibboni.  
The Agent for the Republic of Venice, john Baptist Balderino.  
Of Savoy, Octavius Bolognese.  
Of the Republic of Genua, Peter Panicall.  
The D. of Mantua hath no body at the Imperial Court.  
The D. of Modena negociates his affairs by another's Agent.   

Under the High Steward's jurisdiction.  
ONe Controller.  
One Cofferer, called  
Fenning-master.  
One Hushier.  
Five Heralds.  
One chief surveyor of the Tapestry.  
Two Porters of the great chamber.  
One servant of the Closet.  
Three servants for the Plate.   

The Court kitchen.  
ONe Cook for the month.  
Six Master-cookes.  
Ten Under-cookes.  
Two Basters, or Rosters.  
Two helpers, or assistants.  
Two Broth-cookes, or for boiled meat.  
Two helpers, or boilers.  
Eight Kitchen-boys.  
Two Kitchin-porters.  
One Kitchen doorkeeper.  
One Woodman, or cleaver of the wood.   

The Court Cellar.  
ONe Court Cellar-man called chief Butler.  
One clerk of the Cellar.  
Two servants of the cellar.  
Three coopers of the cellar.  
Two children of the cellar.   

The Court Larder.  
ONe Kitchen clerk.  
Two Purveyors.  
Two keepers of the meat.  
Two carriers or porters.  
One Court burcher.  
One Chandler.   

Table Coverers.  
TWo chief coverers of the free Tables.  
Two chamber table-coverers.  
Two preparers or coverers of the Lords and Gentlemen waiters table.  
One coverer of the Pages Table.  
Two coverers of the Officers tables.   

Laundresses.  
ONe Laundress for the body.  
One for the mouth.  
One for the table; and  
One for the Kitchin.   

The high Chamberlain his jurisdiction, or those which serve in the Chamber.  
Ten servants of the chamber.  
Two chamber doorkeepers.  
One fire-maker for the stoves.  
Four Guards of the chamber, vulgo Trabanten.  
One chief jester named jonas Schissel.  
Three other jesters or fools.   

Offices subject to the high Marshal of the Court his jurisdiction.  
ONe Court Quartermaster.  
One Secretary of the high Marshals Court.  
Six Harbingers, vulgarly called Furriers of the Court.  
Three Messengers, vulgarly called Einspanninger, serving on horseback.  
Two guards of the office vulgarly called Marshals Trabanten.  
Two Court Surgeons.  
All Agents in the Imperial Court of the Electours, Princes and States of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
All and every Court negociatours, artificers and tradesmen, the number of them exceeds one hundred and fifty.  
All the free jews of the Court.  
One Lieutenant of the chess, vulgarly Provost.  
One Sergeant.   

Under the chief master of the Horse his jurisdiction, are  
Twenty Imperial Pages of honour, with their governor and tutor.  
One Master Avenor.  
One clerk of the Avery.  
Two Horse-riders.  
Two Colt-breakers, vulgarly called Pastin and Klepper-riders.  
O●e Overseer.  
Fourteen Court Trumpeters.  
One Kettle-drummer, vulgarly Heerpaucker.  
One Master Fencer.  
One charger of pieces, vulgarly called Buchsenspanner, who prepares the Guns to be discharged.  
Two yeomen of the stirrup.  
Two black or horse smiths.  
Sixteen Footmen.  
One Tentmaker▪  
One Master of the Coaches.  
One Master of the Litters.  
One Saddler for the Court-stables.  
One Boot-cleanser.  
Eight and twenty Grooms or Horse-keepers in the Spanish stable.  
Six and twenty Grooms or Horse-keepers in the stable for hunting nags,  
Ten servants of the Litters.  
Two Coachmen of the Emperors Coach.  
Four and twenty Court Coachmen.  
Six and twenty Postillons  
Six boys of the Stable.  
Ninety great saddle Horses, fit for war, and warlike exercises.  
Fourscore amblers, and hunting Horses for the Emperor's person.  
Threescore Coach-horses.  
Two and twenty Mules.   

Under the Captain of the Horse-guard, are these Officers.  
A Lieutenant.  
A chief Furrier.  
An inferior Harbinger.  
One hundred Hartshiers or Horsemen.  
Three Trumpeters.  
One Chirurgeon.  
One Blacksmith.  
One servant of the Guard.   

Under the Captain of the Foot guard, are these.  
ONe Gentleman harbinger.  
One under Harbinger.  
One hundred Soldiers, (called Trabanten) with Holbards.  
One Drummer.  
One Fifer.  
One servant of the Guard.   

These following persons are joined as Commissioners to the Imperial Privy Counsel.  
THe Baron of Questenberg, and Bohemian affairs.  
Commissioner for Italian   
D. justus Gebhard Counsellor of the Imperial Court, and commissioner in matters concerning the last Treaty of Prag.  
Mathias Arnoldin, of Clarstein Counsellor of the Imperial Court and principal Secretary of State.  
D. john Soldner Counsellor of the Imperial Court, and Secretary of the Imperial Court-counsell.  

Now followeth the several Chambers of the Court Chancery.  
THe chamber for the Dispatches of the privy-counsel, whereof are Mathias Arnold of Clarstein, before mentioned; and also D. john Soldner a civilian, etc.  
These have their own clerks and servants expediting the dispatches, and if they need more, they use the help of the clerks of the Imperial chancery.   

The chamber of the Imperial Court-chancery for the affairs of Germany.  
ALthough D. john Soldner is Counsellor of the Imperial Court, and hath in the said counsel his own voice and ordinary vote, and being most commonly busied in more secret dispatches, for which cause Paul Thomas (who is otherwise an Inditer of the Imperial Court chancery) serveth in his stead in the said Court Imperial counsel for enrolling: Nevertheless the direction of the court Dispatches in the Empire remain still in his hands.  
Bartholomew Immerdorffer Imperial counsellor, Fiscal or Court-receiver.  
George Frisinger Imperial Counsellor and Taxer for the dispatches.  
George Dieterlin Register of the Court of chancery.  
Fra. Katsemayer Vice-secretary of the Court-chancery.  
Christopher Swisser enroller of the Court-chancery.  
Fourteen clerks and engrossers.  
One servant of the Chancery.   

The Chamber of the Latin dispatch of the Imperial Court-counsell.  
IOhn Walderode Imperial  
Counsellor and Secretary of the Imperial  
Court counsel.  
Four clerks and engrossers.  
One keeper of this Chancery chamber.   

The Chamber of the dispatches of the Court chamber.  
BArtholomew Shoellhard Imperial Counsellor and Commissioner or Referendarius of the Court-chamber.  
There are three Secretaries of this Court-chamber.   

These Dispatches chiefly concern confiscated goods and now belong to the Confiscation Counsel, wherein the principal Commissioners, are  
THe Bishop of Vienna.  
The Abbot of Lilienfield, and  
The Count of Schlick.  
Item one Register.  
One assistant to the Register.  
One Dispatcher of the Court chamber.  
One Assistant.  
Seven Inditers.  
Nine Clerks.  
Five servants of the Court chamber.  
One Dorekeeper of the Court counsel chamber.  
One Messenger of the Court chamber.   

The Chamber of the Military Court Counsel, or Counsel of war.  
THere are of this Counsel four Secretaries.  
One Register.  
One Assistant to him.  
One Dispatcher.  
One Assistant to him.  
Six Clerks.  
One porter or doorkeeper.   

The Chamber of the Court Marshal's office.  
LEonhard Fleuner Imperial Counsellor, and Secretary of that office.  
He hath his own clerks and servants.  
In matters of consequence there are joined to him by the Court Martial, some Counsellors of the Imperial Court, with the fiscal of the same court.  
Two Guards of the Court Marshal's office.   

Of the Hungarian Counsel Chamber, are  
LAurence Ferenskie Counsellor both to the Emperor, and to the King of Hungaria; and Secretary of the Hungarian Counsel.  
One Taxer for the Dispatches.  
One Register, and  
Two Clerks.   

Of the Bohemian Counsel-chamber, are  
GEorge Freisleben Counsellor both to the Emperor, and to the K. of Hungaria, etc. and Secretary of the Bohemian Counsel.  
Wolf Henig Taxer and Register of both the Counsels of Germany and Bohemia.  
One dispatcher.  
Two Inditers.  
Six Clerks; the youngest whereof is always obliged to be Porter.   

The Chamber of the Court Counsel of Austria.  
THe Counsel & Chancery! of the Archdutchy of Austria is commanded by john Baptista Count of Werdenberg.  
It hath two Secretaries.  
One Register and Taxer.  
One Inditer.  
One Dispatcher.  
Five Clerks.   

The Imperial Court Music.  
ONe Master of the Court-chappell.  
Two Organists.  
Twenty Instrumental Musicians.   

Vocal Musicians.  
SEven Bases.  
Seven Tenors.  
Five Altus.  
Four Descants.  
Eleven Musical Trumpeters.  
Three Trumpeters not Musical.  
One Kettle Drummer.  
Item twelve boys and scholars with a Master.  
One Notist.  
One keeper of the instruments.  
One Instrument maker.  
Two instrumental servants.   
Besides these there are of the Imperial Music, and belonging thereto in number about fourscore persons.   

THE ORDINARY STATE of the Court of her Imperial Majesty of the Roman Empress, ELENORA, etc. Born Duchess of Mantova and Monferrat, etc.  
How the same was kept, and served by all high and low Officers, Ladies, Maids of honour, Gentlewomen, Maids, and Servants.  
In the Imperial residence at Vienna, in the last year. 1636.  

MAximilian Prince of Dietrichstein is high Steward of the Court of the Empress.  
Lady Ursula, Countess of Atomos Shee high Steward of the Court.  
Lady Agnes Countess of Farensbach, is Governante of the Court Ladies.  
The Ladies or Maids of honour of the Roman Empress, are thirteen; being all Maids, and daughters to Earls.  
Vrban Freebaron of Potnig is Steward of the Court of the Archdutchesse of Austria, the Lady Cecilia Renata, second daughter to the Emperor.  
Margaret Baronesse of Heberstein is Governante of her Court: She hath but four Ladies or Maids of honour, all daughters to Earls and Barons.   

Servants and Officers of the Empress her Court.  
One of the Guard.  
ONe Germane Secretary.  
One Italian Secretary.  
One Confessor.  
Three Court-Chaplaines. Afterwards.  
Six servants of the Chamber.  
One Wardrobekeeper.  
One Tailor.  
One Apothecary.  
Two of the Cellar.  
One doorkeeper of the chamber.  
One fire-maker of the chamber.  
One porter of the great chamber.  
Two guards of the chamber  
Two cooks.  
One footman.  
One coverer of the Lady's tables.  
Two coverers for the tables of the chamberers and maids.  
Six Tailors for the maids.  
Item six Chambermaids.  
Two other maid-servants.  
One mistress Woman-cooke.  
One inferior Shee-cook.  
Nine Ladies Waiting-women.  
One Chamber-woman.  
One Laundress for the Ladies.    

THE STATE OF THE COURT of the Archduke Leopald William of Austria; the Emperor's second son.  

SEbastian Bishop of Gurch, Privy Counsellor both to the Emperor and to the Archduke Leopald William, is also this Archdukes high Steward and Chamberlain.  
Three Privy Counsellors, whereof the last is a jesuite, and his Confessor, the two others are Freebarons.  
john jacob of Daun, Knight of the Teutonick order, is Master of his horse.  
There are five Gentlemen of his chamber, the one being an Earl, and the four others all Freebarons.  
George Pacher Imperial Counsellor for Lower Austria, is his Court-chancellor.  
One Doctor of Physic, by name, Leonhard Mulgiesser.  
Michael Ottho Bishop, Secretary.   

Officers of his Chancery.  
ONe Register.  
One Expeditor or dispatcher.  
Two Clerks.  
One Assistant.  
One servant or chamber-keeper.   

Besides.  
There are fourteen Pages all children to Freebarons, Lords and Gentlemen of quality.  
Six Grooms, or servants of his Bedchamber.  
Six Footmen.  
Other officers and servants that wait on him, are (as it were) borrowed of the Emperor's Court.    

A CATALOGVE OF THE PRINCES, ELECTORS, and States of the Sacred Germane Empire. Anno M. DC. XXXVI. The Electors of the Sacred Roman Empire.  

Ecclesiastickes.  
THE Archbishop of Mentz, Arch-chancellor of the Sacred Roman Empire through Germany.  
The Archbishop of Collen, Archchancellor of the sacred Roman Empire for Italy.  
The Archbishop of Tryer Archchancellor of the sacred Roman Empire for France, and Arelate.   

Secular Electors.  
THe King of Bohemia, Arch-cupbearer of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
The Count Palatine of the Rhine, Arch-Sewer of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
The Duke of Saxony, Arch-marshal of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
The Marquis of Brandenburg, Arch-Chamberlain of the Sacred Roman Empire.   

The Archbishops of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
MEniz.  
Collen.  
Tryer.  
Magdenburg.  
Saltzburg.  
Bremen.  
The Bishops. 

Ausburg.  
Aichstat.  
Bramberg.  
Basel.  
Biven.  
Constance.  
Chur, or Coire  
Cammerach.  
Freysingem.  
Hildesheim.  
Halberstat.  
Liege.  
Lubech.  
Munster.  
Minden.  
Osnabrug.  
Passaw.  
Paderborne.  
Ratzenburg  
Regensburg, or  
Ratisbonne.  
Strasburg.  
Schwerin.  
Spire.  
Tryer.  
Verdun.  
Wartzburg.  
Worms.     
The three Bishoprics of Metz, Theul, and Verdun were taken from the Roman Empire by the Kings of France, and are detained to this day.  
The master of the Teutonicke order, Prince of Mergetheim, is indeed no Bishop, but an Ecclesiastic Prince of the Empire, and takes the first place after the Bishops.  

The secular Princes of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
ANhalt, Princes.  
Bavaria,  
Dukes. 

Brunswick and Lunenburg, Dukes.  
Brandenburg, Marquesses.  
Baden, Marquess'.  
By Rhine, Palgraves.  
Holstein, Dukes.  
Hessen, Landgraves.  
Lorraine, Dukes.  
Leuchtenburg, Landgraves.  
Meckelburg, Dukes.  
Ostereich or Austrian, Archdukes of the Germane, others of the Burgundian line.  
Pomerania, Dukes.  
Saxonia, Gullick, Cleveland, and Bergen, Dukes.  
Saxonia of Engem and Westfalia, Dukes.  
Savoy, Dukes.  
Wirtenberg, Dukes.  
The Lithuanian and Ratzivilian, are also received amongst them, and put in the number of the Princes of the Empire.     

The Abbots, Priors, and Prelates.  
COrvey.  
Elwangen.  
Elchingen.  
Fulda.  
Gengenbach.  
Hirshfelt.  
Keysersheim.  
Kempten.  
Merchthall.  
Munchrot.  
Murbaco.  
Munster in the Gregorian vale.  
Oxenhausen.  
O denheim.  
Petershausen.  
Rittershausen.  
Reckenburg.  
Richenaw.  
S. Emmeran at Ratisbonne.  
Salmanswile.  
Shlussenried.  
S. Vlrick in Augsburg.  
S. Cornelius Munster.  
Stab l  
Vesin or Irsee.  
Vsperg.  
Weingarten.  
Wettenhausen.  
Wenden.  
Abbatesses.  
BVchaw on the Lake called Federsea.  
Essen.  
Guttentzel.  
Gerenroda.  
Hervord.  
Heggenbach.  
Lindaw.  
The Upper Munster in Ratisbonne.  
The Lower Munster at Ratisbonne.  
Quedlingburg.  
Rottenmunster.   

The Earls of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
BArbey and Muhlingen.  
Bentheim.  
Bruckhorst.  
Castell.  
Erbach.  
Eberstein.  
Furstenberg.  
Falkenstein.  
Hohenloe.  
Hanaw of Muntzenberg.  
Hanaw, of Liechtenberg.  
Isenburg.  
Lippa.  
Lewenstein.  
Leyningen.  
Mansfelt.  
Montsort.  
Mandershied.  
Nassaw Catzenelenbogen.  
Nassaw Sarbrucken  
Neumar.  
Ostfriesland.  
Oldemburg.  
Oetingen.  
Ortemburg.  
Ruepfen.  
Solms.  
Suliz.  
Sayen.   

The four Counts of the Empire.  
SWartzenburg.  
Stollberg.  
Schaumburg.  
Schwartzenberg.  
Tubingen.  
Waldeck.  
Wittigenstein.  
Wildt and Count of the Rhine.  
Wied.  
Zimmern.   

Freebarons, Barons and Lords of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
FLeckenstein.  
Fugger.  
Griechingen.  
Graveneg.  
Hohen Geroldsegg.  
Hohenfels.  
Konigsegg of Aulendorf and Marstetten.  
Limburg, hereditary Cupbearer of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
Maxelrein.  
Pappenheim, hereditary Marshal of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
Reussen of Plawen.  
Senisheim.  
Shoenburg.  
Schenck of Trauttenberg.  
Wallburg, hereditary Sewer of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
Wolfstein:  
Winnenberg and Peilstein.  
Waldbotten of Passenheim.   

The Cities of the Sacred Roman Empire.  
AAch, or Aaken.  
Augsburg.  
Aalen.  
Biberach.  
Buchhorn.  
Buchaw, on the lake called Federsea.  
Bingen.  
Bopfingen.  
Constance on the Lake called Bodensea.  
Colmar.  
Collen on the Rhine.  
Cammerich.  
Dinkelspiel.  
Dortmund.  
Donawert, which at this day enjoys not the liberties of an Imperial City, but is detained by the House of Bavaria, but is to be restored.  
Esligen.  
Francfurt on the Main.  
Fridberg.  
Goslar.  
Gemund in Swaben.  
Giengen.  
Giengenbach.  
Hervorden.  
Hailbrun.  
Hall in Swaben.  
Hagenaw.  
Isna.  
Kaufbeuren.  
Keysersberg.  
Kempten.  
Landaw.  
Leutkirchen.  
Lindaw.  
Lubec.  
Munster in the Gregorian vale.  
Mulhausen in Turingia.  
Memmingen.  
Norimberg.  
Nordlingen.  
Nordhausen in Turingia.  
Offenburg.  
Oberenheim.  
Pfullendorff.  
Popfingen.  
Regensburg or Ratisbone.  
Rotweil.  
Reutlingen.  
Ravensburg.  
Rotenburg on the Tauber.  
Rosheim.  
Strasburg.  
Spire.  
Sweinfurt.  
Schletstat.  
Turckheim.  
Weinsheim.  
Weissenburg in Nortgaw.  
Wangen.  
Weill.  
Wimpfen.  
Weissenburg on the Rhine.  
Worms.  
Weizler.  
Vlme.  
Vberlingen.  
Zell on Hammersbach.    

RELATION OF THE present State of the Imperial Chamber of the Sacred Roman Empire, at Spire. Anno M. DC. XXXVI.  

ONe judge of the Imperial Chamber.  
Three Precedents of the Imperial chamber.  
One Assessour for the elector of Mentz.  
One Assessour for the elector of Collen.  
One Assessour for the elector of Tryer.  
Two extraordinary Assessors of the Ecclesiastic Electours.  
One Assessour for the elector Palatine.  
One Assessour for the elector of Saxony.  
One Assessour for the elector of Brandenburg.  
Two extraordinary Assessors for the secular Electours.  
Two Austrian Assessors.  
Two Burgundian Assessors.  
Four Assessors for the Circle of Franconia.  
Four Assessors for the Circle of Bavaria.  
Four Assessors for the Circle of Swaben.  
Four Assessors of the Upper Circle of the Rhine, two places whereof are now void.  
Four Assessors of the Lower Circle of the Rhine, all which places are now void.  
Four Assessors for the Circle of Saxony.  
One Fiscal advocate being a Doctor in Law.  
Fourteen Advocates, all Doctors of Law.  
One fiscal procurator Doctor of both laws.  
Two and twenty procuratours, all Doctors and Licenciats in Law.  
One chief superintendent of the Chancery, Doctor of both laws.  
Three Protonotaries, the first and second places whereof are now void.  
Four Readers.  
One fiscal Notary.  
One Register.  
Four Notaries.  
One Master of the Messengers.  
One Physician.  
Two Sergeants.  
One receiver of the chancery.  
Four Engrossers.  
Two Copiers.  
One keeper of the Chancery chamber.  
Ten Messengers of the Chancery, that serve on horseback.  
Ten Foot-posts or Messengers serving on foot.    

A Catalogue of all such persons, which by his Imperial Majesty (during the time of his reign) have been created Princes, Earls, Barons or Lords.  

And first he created Princes of the Empire.  
Earnest Count of Schaumburg, Prince.  
john George Count of Hohen-zoler of Woldstein.  
Francis and Maximilian of Dieterichstein.  
Philip Ottho Count of the Rhine.  
Stenko Adelbert of Lobcowitz.  
Albert Duke of Fridland.   

Princes and Marquess' of the Roman Empire.  
PEter Aldobrandin Marquis.  
Fabritius Caraffa Prince.  
Charles Spinelli Marquis.  
Anthony Biglio Marquis.  
Charles Emanuel of Gore Prince.  
Charles Philibert of Este Prince.  
Ludwig Victorius Marquis.  
Jerome Caraffa Marquis of Monte-negro, Prince.  
Count of Contecroy Prince.  
Charles of Cardenas Prince.  
Paul Jerome Marquis.  
Anthony Bishop of Vienna Prince.  
George Ossomilimius in Tenzin Prince.  
Albert Altovite Marquis.  
Thomas Raggio Marquis.   

Fellow the new created Earls or Counts of the Empire.  
THe Freebarons of Buchaim, now Earls.  
The Freebaron of Nachot.  
The Barons of Meggaw.  
The Baron of Bronkorst.  
The Baron of Geraldine.  
The Lord Michna.  
Those of Tilly.  
Those of Mittrowitz.  
Maximilian of Trautmanstorf.  
The Baron of Losenstein.  
john jacob Kissell.  
Balthasar of Thanhausen.  
N. of Taxis.  
Sdenko of Shambach.  
Sesyma of Wr●by.  
Baron Rodrigo Barragan.  
jaspar Bernhard of Rechberg.  
Those of Waldeck.  
Herman Tshermi.  
The two brothers of Cratzen.  
Burian Bercka.  
Adam Erdman Terzka.  
William Verdugo.  
Paul Andrew of Wolkenstein.  
Henry Erbtruchsas, Freebaron of Waldpurg.  
William of Mihinitz.  
john jacob Erbtruchsas.  
Gotfrid Henry of Pappenheim.  
Wentzel of Wurben.  
Those of Wrzowitz.  
Rodolf Tertzka.  
Woldemar Christian of Holstain.  
Theodoric and john Andrew of Aursperg.  
Philip Adam of Cronberg.  
Charles Christopher of Brandstein.  
The Dorrings.  
William of Clenowa.  
N. of Konigsegg.  
N. of Atthimis.  
john Balthasar & Sigismond Ludovic of Dieterichstein.  
Ladislaus of Waldstein.  
Henry Holka.  
john Altringer.  
john Charles of Schonburg.  
joachim of Mettich.  
john Ludovic Isolani.  
Those of Wolkenstein.  
Adolph and Charles of Puchaim.  
Nicolas des Fours.  
jacob Kuen.  
The Hutzfeldes.  
Francis of Vlefelt.  
john Goetz.  
john of Ligniville.  
Theodore Trivultius.  
Francis and Baptista Crescentii.  
Charles of Gaulz.  
jacob Strozzi.  
john Baptista of Verdenberg.  
Henry de Ravero.  
Sdenco of Collobrat.  
Paul Bernhard of Font aines.  
Vincent Cavalli.  
Martin and Georg Krasichi.  
joachim of Quincey.  
jaspar Ernest and Gerard of Donhof.  
Maximilian of Gallian.  
Lupus Walter Zapata.   

These following were created Freebarons: called Liberi Barones'.  
THe Virnemonds, Freebarons.  
Those of Reiffenberg.  
Those of Ulm.  
Of Wrzeswitz.  
The Webers'.  
Those of Stein.  
The Toettenbeckes.  
The Wattsen.  
Of Sickingen.  
Herman Isherin.  
Kurtzen.  
Of Benzenaw.  
Spiering.  
Of Closen.  
Of Mespelbrun.  
Vincent Mushinger.  
Of Newhaus.  
Otto of Nostitz.  
john Hersan.  
Of Rorbach.  
Of Wansheim.  
Levin of Mortagni.  
Of Weichs.  
Rodhaubt.  
Vrban Shatzel.  
George Zdiarskie of Zdiar.  
Of Wurtenbach.  
Of Degenfelt.  
Of Questenberg.  
Ferdinand Geitzk●fler.  
William of Clenowa.  
Thomas of Lindlo.  
john Vlric Schafgotsh.  
joachim of Donnersberg.  
Henry of Ginandis.  
john of Shonstein.  
Henry Charles of Orscalor.  
Of Husman.  
john Charles Fuchs.  
john Altringer.  
Those of Baumgartner.  
Charles of Heim.  
Francis Marzoni.  
Vlric of Ronm●g.  
john of Bremd.  
Cornelius of Muhlen.  
Alexander of Vehlen.  
jaspar of Gram.  
Of Comargo.  
Theodoric and john Andrew of Aursperg.  
William and Werner of Bomgarten.  
john Vlric and George Ehrnrich of Puri●g.  
john Charles, and Otto Frederick of Shonburg.  
Philip Hector and Leopald of Adelshausen.  
Of Closen  
Ferdinand Rodolf Lashanskie.  
Henry and Christopher Adam of Muggenthal.  
john Fridecick and john Constantine of Pentzenaw.  
Eberhard Adolph of Muggenthall.  
Thobias of Haubitz.  
john Henry Nothaft.  
Francis Maximilian of Billehe.  
john of Reck.  
George Frederic of Standing.  
jacob Brechtold.  
john George of Seebach.  
Sebastin Wietz.  
john God's.  
john Rodolf of Bredaw.  
Reinhard of Walmerode.  
john Christopher and john Paul of Ruppen.  
Luther of Buwinghausen.  
Maximilian of Goltz.  
Of Paar.  
Foppius and Aisema.  
john of Leuttersheim.  
Corpus.  
john de Werth.  
Of Reinach.  
The Crafts, brothers.   

Barons or Lords.  
Florian, Theodorich.  
Albert Clodomir Fabriani.  
Wolfgang William Laminger.  
john Baptist Werda.  
Henry Baradas.  
Christoph. Nicolas, Andrew, etc. Orlick.  
Martin Somogie.  
john Baptist Trecho.  
Leo Groppello Medici.  
Ernest of Suis.  
joseph of Neuhaus.  
Ernest of Linden.  
john of Merode.  
john William Arnold of Wachtendank.  
George of Gaillard.  
john Cerboni.  
Degenhard Bertram of Lohe in Wisen.  
jacob Francis Bestacalda.  
Mathias Gallas.  
Philip and Bernhard of Areyzaga.  
Francis Porta.  
Adrian of Enckefort.  
Ernest, Henry and Gotfrid of of Sharenberg.  
Matthew of Vernier.    
FINIS.