A JOURNAL OF THE VOYAGE of the young Prince Frederick Henry, Prince of Bohemia:  
Taken in the sixth year of his age, from Prague in Bohemia, to Luerden in Friesland, to the Court of Count Ernestus Cassimerus van Nassaw Governor of Friesland.  
With his several Gifts and Entertainments: and the description of diverse of the chief Cities.  
Being accompanied in his passage by these of the German Nobility, and others, viz. 

Count Attemberg.  
Count Henry van Nassaw.  
Count Stulsberg.  
Baron Scoske, a Bohemian Lord.  
Mr. john Ashburnham Esquire, an Englishman, and Governor to the Prince.  
Mr. Frederick Porvel a German, the Prince's Tutor.    
With diverse other Gentlemen of Quality, Servants and other Attendants.  
Printed at London for Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne. 1623.   

A JOURNAL OF the Voyage of the young Prince Frederick Henry, Prince of Bohemia, etc.  
ON the 12. day of September Anno 1620. the Court removed from Prague to Brandis or Prandis, (being three miles distant) on the river Elb, near where the river Gitzera falls into the Elb: where the Prince the next day following, taking his leave of the King and Queen his father and mother, and being royally attended, set forwards towards Barlene, the chief residence of the marquis Elector of Brandenburg his uncle. Although the passages were too full of soldiers for him to go the nearest way: for which cause, and for the better commodity of lodging, shaping his course from prague full North; on the thirteenth of September he set out from Brandis: which Town being no great State, is in the same longitude and latitude with prague, that is, 29. and 46. and some odd minutes, and upon the great and fair river of Elbe or Albis, which the Bohemians call Labe; which we passing, came the same day to Wieswasser, which signifies in English White water, the Bohemians call it Biela: an ancient City it is, and though it be situated in the Kingdom of Bohemia, yet is this with diverse others under a particular government of some of the ancient Nobility of that Country: this City is five miles from Brandis, eight from prague.  
Hereabouts are also (almost) continual great waldts or woods, which marching from the banks almost of the river Elbe, East and West, tend even to the borders of the upper Lusatia, which is one of the incorporated Provinces belonging to the Kingdom of Bohemia: At this Wiswasser the Prince was met by the Inhabitants, and brought into the Castle, and there by the Burgraves' appointment (himself being through sickness unable to come to wait upon the Prince) he was for that night entertained by the Citizens with very good observance.  
The next morning being the 14. of September, the Citizens brought him on his way with an able Convoy of 150. horse and foot, till he passed out of Bohemia into Leutznatz or Lusatia; where at his first entrance the townsmen of Gabel met him, the chief of which company in the name of the townsmen made a complemental Oration, intimating their faithful loves, and his most hearty welcome unto them. The Oration being ended, he was conducted by them towards Gabel. Within half a miles riding he was met by a troop of horse, being about 150. which were sent from the marquis of jegerensdorf. Here the Convoy of Wiswasser returned back, and this troop brought him to the town of Gabel, here the Prince dined. This Gabel is one of the first good towns on the borders of Lusatia towards Bohemia; it stands near unto the river of Niesse one of the chief Floods of Lusatia, which rises not fare from hence.  
From hence departing after dinner, about a mile off from the Town, he was met by a second troop of horse, sent also from the said marquis of jegerensdorf, by which troops his Highness was convoyed to the City of Zittaw or Sittaw, standing upon the river of Niesse. At the entrance whereof, he was received by two other troops of horse, and three companies of foot, besides the Citizens themselves standing all in their Arms on each side, with music of Trumpets on the Cathedral Church, and Haultboyes on the tower of the Statehouse, which sounded until the Prince was entered into his lodging. Before which, by commandment of the town, was placed a strong Guard of both horse and foot, besides two companies of foot placed within the gates in the Court, for defence of his person. And at each gate of the City for that night was set an extraordinary strong Court of Guard both of horse and foot, the times being then dangerous, because the Duke of Saxony was then in Arms, and held his Leaguer before the City of Baultzen, within four miles to the North-West of that place, upon the river of Spre; and we were now upon the borders of Meisen, which is one of the Duke of Saxony's Countries, and confines upon Lusatia, by a long tract of ground. And thus fare even from prague in Bohemia unto Zittaw in Lusatia, our Court was full North.  
But the next day being the 15. of September, departing from thence, we took up upon the right hand more towards the East, setting forward towards Gorlitz, which also stands upon the river of Niess aforesaid, which river rising in the Country of Miessen (I take it) eastward of Gabel, passeth by Zittaw, Gorlitz, and so northward through both the lusatia's, till it falls into the Oder, which parts Lusatia from Silesia. On the way towards this Gorlitz, (the Prince's horses being almost wearied) he was met by certain Coaches and diverse troops of horse, sent from the marquis of jegerensdorf, who in that time of war had his chief residence in that City. This guard took up both sides of the way for a mile and a half together: and within half a mile off the City, the marquis himself in person met the Prince, accompanied with 4000 horse and foot. And within a quarter of a mile off the City, he was received by the Citizens, ranging themselves in armour on both sides the way, their order extending even to the very entrance of the marquis his Palace. For the Prince's better contentment, the soldiers were all commanded to march by in Battaglias and warlike order, with Drums, Fifes, and Ensigns displayed. After all which the Prince was by the marquis and all his Council most royally feasted. He was lodged in the Palace in a most fair chamber, richly furnished, and cut with antique works of great art and beauty. At this good entertainment we stayed two nights and two days.  
This Gorlitz is the chief town of the upper Lusatia, and a fair and a strong one it is, as being naturally defended, partly by his mountainous situation, and by the nearness of the River of Neiss, over which it hath a commodious & well covered wooden Bridge. The Church of S. Peter's is a very fair piece, as is also the Tower of the Statehouse.  
On the third day after being the 1●. of September, the marquis with all his train and troops, brought his Highness' half a mile out of Town, and there solemnly taking his leave, parted with him, commanding his Troops to go on with the Prince, and to convoy him to a garison-Town of his called Lauben, which is to the Eastward of Gorlitz, and something out of the way. At our approach within two miles of the town, we might behold the Soldiers both Horse and Foot drawn forth in two divisions, the Horse in one, and the Foot in the other, and both ranged in battle-array. The reason of this demeanour, was a jealousy of some treachery which they conceived to be intended against their Garrison, for that the night before the Prince's Quartermaster being sent before, to give them intelligence of his Highness coming, they supposed him to have been a spy, and clapped him up close prisoner, lading him with irons. These troops and companies of Garrison Soldiers being afar off discovered, bred also the same jealousy of them in us, as our approach did of us in them, either part having a misprision of the others intentions. Whereupon it was resolved to send a Trumpet before, with certain Gentlemen, to give and take satisfaction on either side. Whereupon they being better satisfied, and all mistrust being quite taken away, the chief Burghers of the Town advanced forwards, and coming to the Prince, they kissed his Highness' hand: And after some solemn Speech of entertainment, with their excuse alleged, for their late behaviour, imputing the same to the danger of the time, and their unexpected and sudden notice of his arrival, the Prince mounted on horseback, & road clear through their troops towards the Town: and having past them, the horse and foot discharged three volleys of shot for his welcome: & coming to the gates of the town he was received by a guard of towne-dwellers, and by them conveyed to his place of rest, where for that day he dined, where also the marquis of jegerensdorfs Convoy of horse left us, and returned to Gorlitz.  
This town of Lauben is situated upon the banks of the River Queis, which also runs into the Oder, and is near unto the borders of Silesia, and unto a neck of land which thrusts out from Bohemia also, which being very narrow at Gabel, we touched upon Miessen the Duke of Saxony's Country.  
This Lauben is in the frontiers (as it were) both of Bohemia on the Southside, and Silesia on the East, itself being the utmost town of the upper Lusatia, which makes the Garrison to stand more warily upon their guard.  
After dinner he was conducted out of the same Town by a troop of horse of the town garrison, which waited upon his Highness, till he came to the City of Limberge in Silesia, which town stands upon the River of Bober, and not fare from the river Queis aforesaid. But before he came near the City, the Prince was met by a troop of horse from thence, in the midst of whom he was conveiged to his lodging in the town, which was one of the chief Burghers houses, where they placed a strong guard at the door, for the safety of his person. This was upon a Saturday at night.  
That day (his Highness coming thither being known abroad in the country) all the young Nobility and Gentry thereabouts came in to see the Prince, and to wait upon his Highness at table at Suppertime, so that all the Prince's servants were for that time dismissed from their attendance upon him.  
The next day being Sunday, and Septemb. 19 the Prince mounted on horseback, the Nobility going before him on foot, and their children on each side, with the troops of horse and Foot attending. In which stately and solemn manner his Highness road to Church, and heard a Sermon. Whence being returned, he dined with the Nobility.  
After dinner the same day, he was by them and their troops conducted to the City of Somponsel, where he was most nobly entertained of the Citizens. So soon as the Prince was discovered by the Watch upon their Towers, they sounded their Trumpets, and beat up their great kettledrums, continuing so until he came to the gates. Where as soon as he was entered, the Townsmen making a guard of themselves, gave the Prince a lusty volley of shot for his welcome. Then with the sound of Corners and Haultboyes he was entertained to his lodging. At the entrance whereof the Townsmen gave him another volley of shot, and placing a strong court of guard for that night before his lodging, departed.  
The 20. of Sept. the Nobility took their leave of the Prince, and the Townsmen waited upon him with a convoy to a place called Crozan, or Crossen, where his Highness dined.  
After dinner the same Convoy brought him through till he came to a city called Friestadt, which is not fare from the borders of Poland, and lies to the North the river Oder, running between this part of Silesia and Poland, through the Duchy of Crossen, which is finally parted from hence by a ledge of woody mountains, tending northwest and by north by a long tract to the Eastward Here the troops of Somponsel left him, and returned homewards, the Soldiers both horse and foot of Friestadt receiving him into their ranks in warlike order. All which by reason it was late and dark, was done by the Citizens by torchlight: by whom he was gallantly conducted to his lodging, where he rested for that night.  
This being the last town we lay at in Silesia, the next day being the 21. of September, the Prince being convoyed by some horse of the town, we entered into the Brandenburgher mark, that is, the marches or borders of the land of Brandenburg, through which we passed on to the City of Frankford upon Oder, so called, to distinguish it from the other Frankford which is near to the Palatinate, where the great Mart is twice a year kept; which is also called Frankford upon Maine, because that that stands upon the river of Maine, as this doth upon the river of Oder. This last town being under the government of the marquis Elector of Brandenburg, the chief Citizens at the Prince's arrival (according to their wont manner to noble strangers) presented their loves in huge flagons of wine (which grows here) and banqueting stuff, to the Prince; their flagons being so much the greater, in regard of their loves to the Duchess of Brandenburg their Princess, who is Aunt to the Prince. This being moreover the general courtesy of the great Cities of Germany, to present their loves to all Princes their friends, and Ambassadors of Princes, with an Oration, the Burghers bring each of them a great bottle of wine, which hangs by a ringle upon his arm; and if he hath any business or Embassy to their State, they send him also Oats and Fish.  
This Frankford is esteemed the third town of worth in the Country, and being upon the very North west angle of Silesia, and about some 14. years before our being there (viz. Anno 1606.) was made an University by joachim marquis of Brandenburg: the Oder runs upon the East side, the other parts are fenced in by the mountains.  
From hence upon the 22 of September we set forwards towards Ruttersdorp, but the way being waste ground, and without habitation, we were fain to have our provision carried along with us, and dined that day at a Boers house. The same night his Highness came to the village of Ruttersdorp, where he lodged in the Castle, both which belong unto the marquis of Brandenburg.  
At this place (the marquis himself being then in Prussia or Pruce land) the Prince was fain for that night to content himself with such entertainment as the place could afford. But the marchioness being certified of the Prince her Nephew's being there, sent post all night, with plate and other provision; which made so good speed, that by the morning there was store of furniture, and by breakfast time very good variety of provision of all sorts; which was a strange change, and a sudden alteration, over night to be served in vessels of Tin, and in the morning to have a Cupboard of Plate. And thus by the Duchess noble care, the Prince's supper was well mended, by a full and sufficient breakfast.  
This marchioness of Brandenburg is named Elizabetha Charlotta, daughter to Frederick the fourth Prince Elector Palatine; and sister to the prelent King of Bohemia, the Prince's father.  
After which the 23: of September he set on towards Berlin, the Court of the marquis, and ordinary place of his residence. The Duchess hearing of his approach, by a Post which the Prince dispatched to her aforehand, to give her Highness' notice of his being so nigh; the Duchess sent forth her brother Prince Lodowicke, Duke of Simmern, and uncle to the Prince, together with a young Polish Duke (whose father had been banished out of Poland) and Count Philip van Solmes, who all with a fair train came to meet the Prince, of whom, after most joyful and mutual salutations, he was brought into the Palace, where his Highness with the rest of his followers were most nobly welcomed, and royally feasted.  
This gallant young Prince, uncle to our Prince Frederick, is styled Lodowicke Philip, Count Palatine, etc. was borne Nouem. 22. 1602. had the two Dukedoms of Simmern, Lautern, with the Country of Sponheim assigned him for his portion, by his father's Testament; which was confirmed unto him by the Emperor Rodulphus the second: he going up with his brother into Bohemia, had all his country & goods taken from him by Spinola in the Palatinate: he went from prague to Berlin before Prince Frederick, where they now meeting, went into the Low-Countries together.  
Here we abode ten days, having as great variety of entertainment, as that time of mourning would permit. For the old marquis Elector being lately deceased, and the household and whole Court all in mourning, and the day of the Funeral drawing near, was not a time of mirth or masking. In our stay here, this one thing was exceeding well worth the seeing and remembering, which was this; The time of the Funeral growing, the vault in the great Church was opened, where Marquis' Electors of Brandenburg still use to be interred. The Prince and all we of his train were brought in to see the place; going down into which, there was an object of State Antiquity and much reverence, namely, the bodies of 16 Princes embalmed in Coffins of Tin, and laid by three and three on the top of each other, with their swords and spurs hanging by them: which also besides the worth of the present sight, shows also the antiquity of the succession since the choice of that place of burial. The Funeral was appointed to be five days after the Prince's departure, which was now at hand.  
After ten days stay therefore, on the 3. of October the Prince took his leave of the marchioness Electoresse his Aunt, and of the rest of the Court, and departed out of Berlin; and being accompanied with Prince Lodowick his Uncle, and Count Philip van Solmes, who from hence journeyed with him all the way, and never left him till he came into Holland; they arrived the first night at an old City and a strong Castle called Spandaw, for now from Berlin we turned about again on the left hand and full West: the river of Spre upon which Berlin is situated, being betwixt that City and this Spandaw. Here the Prince lodged all night, his provisions and entertainments being all made at the charges of the marchioness Electoresse. This Spandaw stands near the conscience of the two rivers Havel and Spre.  
The next day being the 4. of October, the Princes dined at a place called Sando, and the same night they lodged at a Dorp called Bernese; which because they be places of no great account, I therefore pass them over without any more description of them.  
The 5. of October the Princes dined at the City of Ratenaw, which stands by the River of Havell, beyond this City, and to the North or Northwest loses himself and his name in the greater Elbe or Albis. After dinner they set forwards again, and came that night to the Castle of Tungermund on the River Elue. The place is something old, but what it is, is in the marquis of Brandenburgs' Dominions.  
The next day being the 6. of October, the Princes passed through the Forest of Neslingham, where they also hunted; and that night they lay at the Marquis' Lodge in the Forest: and thus fare the marchioness sent her plate, furniture, and servants to attend the Princes, and feasted them hitherto at her own charges. Which from hence being the boundary of the Marquisate on that side, returned home again towards Berline. And all this while we held our course full West from Berline. By the Westside of this Forest runs the River Ohre, which we passed.  
The next day being the 7. of October, they entered into Brunswick Land, and dining at a Town called Caluer, they came the same night to a College of Lutherans called Miriando: where the Rector would not open his gates to receive the Princes, until he heard his Princes the Duke of brunswick's pleasure, who was at the same time 7. miles off from that place. Here we stayed 2. hours and above, in a terrible storm of rain and wind, until a Post which the Princess had dispatched the night before unto the Duke, was returned. Upon whose arrival with Letters from the Duke, the Princess were received with all fitting respects, and the best entertainment that the place could afford. The Rector and the Society excused themselves by reason of the times, which were dangerous, and full of suspicion, and the persons of the Princes unknown to any of them, and the College itself being a place of importance. A tedious night this was and a could, and some were wet with the rain, and othersome scaped better. But that which gave us some comfort, was; that about midnight there came another Post from the Duke, who requested the Princes to stay there all the next day also, for that the Duke had not made his provision for their entertainment at his Court in such a short warning. And in the mean his Highness sent in his own furniture for the Prince's table, and commanded such provision to be brought in, as the Country there about could afford, so that we had there the next day by dinner time, all things fitting for entertainment.  
The next day being the 9 of October, the Princes left the College, and set on towards Wolfenbuttell, the chief place of residence of the Duke of Brunswick, & where the Court then was. But a little before we came to the City, the Duke of Brunswick himself, with the L. Chancellor of the Duchy, diverse of the privy Council, with many Nobles and Gentlemen, came forth of the Town, with many fair Companies of horse, to entertain the 2. Princes, & so went along together with them into the Town. Within which were diverse Companies of Soldiers with full Armies under their several Ensigns with Colours flying, with Trumpets sounding, Fifes playing, & Drums beating in warlike manner, very gallant to behold, which stood along until we came to the Castle. The Hault-boyes and Cornets playing in the mean time from of the top of a Tower, and a peal of Ordinance being shot off at their entrance into the Castle.  
The Princes were led into very stately, rich, and fair Rooms in the Castle, and every where in the house there Princely plenty and variety of all things necessary.  
The Princes having reposed themselves a while, were by the Duke brought into the Duchess Chamber, who being allied to them both, received them with all joy and contentment.  
Supper time being come, the Princes were again brought into a wondrous fair room, where the Tables were covered and great state used according to the Germane fashion of entertainment, which is full and sumptuous. In this supping place, there was a room wherein there was a very large and rich Cupboard of plate; at one end of which stood the music of Instruments and voices, and at the other end stood the Officers of the Cellar and Buttery, to fill wine and beer to the table. For here is beer in this Country which is rare in other places of Germany, though scarce good any where. Yet here at this Wolfenbuttell, is a huge vast Tun, larger than that of Heidelberg, but this is filled with Brunswick beer, as that other with Rhenish wine. There were also 6. other tables, where the 2. Prince's servants did eat, the Dukes own Gentlemen bearing them company, which time and the whole three days that we stayed here at this Royal entertainment was spent with great mirth, jollity and extraordinary show of magnificence, bounty, and courtesy; all which excellent well became a kinsman and a Prince.  
The present Duke of brunswick's name is, Fredericus Vlricus, he was born the 5. of April 1591. he married Anna Sophia daughter of john Sigismond, marquis Elector of Brandenburg then lately dead in November 1619, & sister to Georgius Wilhelmus the present Prince: she was borne March 17. 1598. the Duke's alliance with the Prince comes in by the mother's side: for Anne Queen of England was daughter to Frederick the 2. King of Denmark; as was also Elizabeth her elder sister, the mother of this present Duke. The Duchess' alliance with the Prince comes in by the house of Brandenburg, of which she is descended. The Duke of Brunswick hath as yet no children; his only brother and heir apparent is our valorous noble Champion Christian D. of Brunswick, and Bishop of Halberstadt: he hath or had also 5. sisters.  
Leaving therefore this City the 14. of October in the morning, the same day they came to a place called Stanberge, where the Princes dined at the Duke's charges. The same night they lodged at a place called Collenberge, which stands upon the West side of the River of Glein.  
The 15. day the 2. Princes dined at Hamelen which is by the River of Wester, and on the East side. After dinner they went to Dalmel, where they lodged. And thus fare the Princes was feasted and furnished  Plate and other provision Royal, at the sole cost and charges of his Highness the Duke of Brunswick, who is elder brother to Duke Christian of Brunswick, Bishop of Halberstadt the famous young Warrior; and this Town is upon the Confines of the Duchy of Brunswick, which is bounded on the West by the Country of Westphalia, from which the Weser parts it. Here the Duke's Servants and Officers returned from the Princes back again to Wolfenbuttell.  
This Duchy of Brunswick was sometimes accounted to Saxony, and got a particular and distinct name from Bruno, who being son to Ludolphus Duke of Saxony, laid the foundations of City in this Duchy, which of him is called Brunswick; the Duchy of Luneburg hath also been possessed by the Dukes of Brunswick, continuing so until the year of Christ 1430. in which the Country was divided between William the victorious, who had the title of Brunswick, and his uncle Bernard, who had the title of Luneburg: in whose posterity both these Dukedoms still remain, the Dukes of both being both of one family, Brunswick being of the direct line, the elder house, and the greater Dukedom. The chief City both of Brunswick and of all Saxony, is the Town of Brunswick, which gives name to the whole Duchy, although the Court be most commonly kept at Wolfenbuttell, which with the whole Duchy we having left behind us, entered next into Cleveland.  
The 16. of October setting out somewhat late, we arrived the same night at a City called Belfield, where within a mile of the Town, they were received by certain troops of horse, and so conveyed to the City. Entering the Gates, they were welcomed with a peal of Ordinance; and so by the Townsmen in Armour, they were brought into the Castle of Spanberg, where the Governor and Captain entertained them with their forces marshaled in warlike order. Here the Princes were feasted 4. days.  
In the mean space it was consulted upon for the Prince's safety; that seeing they were now to pass by diverse Garrisons of the Enemies: that it were best to dispatch a Post before hand to the Prince of Orange, to certify his Excellency of the Princess' nearness, which was also done. Both the Armies of the States and the Spaniards being then about Wesel. Here it was also agreed upon to send Prince Lodowick with some others another way into Holland; that so the Countrypeople might be satisfied with his presence in stead of the Princes; which took effect accordingly; and did not only give the people good content through whom he passed, who came flocking into the high ways to see him; but also diverted their expectations, from any thought of his passage any other way: by means whereof, his Highness the Prince of Bohemia passed in his way with the more safety and secrecy.  
From Spanburg Castle we came next to the Castle of Arden, which is under the Grave of Benthem; and so by Glandorpe to Mareling, where we lodged all night. From whence forward the Towns being near & so well known, I forbear to make any further description of them, but only name them as we pass through them.  
From thence we went to Russenbeck; from thence to Embsbourne; from thence to North-horne; from thence to Hardenberg, where we lodged. From thence we went to Realte; from thence to Deventer in Holland, where we met with the Princes again.  
The next day we set forwards towards Swoll, which is a strong Town of Garrison; where we stayed two nights and one day. And here the Count Ernest van Cassimere (who coming in Post from the Prince of Orange's Leaguer at Wesel, had before met with the Princes) received the Prince into his charge, and safe protection. And here Prince Lodowick departed from his Highness, & went directly towards the Hage: And Prince Frederick kept on towards Freezland.  
The next day at dinner being the 25. of October, we came to a City of Garrison called Steenwick, where his Highness was met by the Burghers in Arms, & received into the Town with a volley of shot, and coming to the Castle they discharged a peal of Ordinance for his welcome: and all marched by in warlike manner in the Prince's view.  
From thence after dinner they came to Wolfingow, where they rested all that night.  
The next day, they dined at Hernenfen, and came the same night to Luerden in Freezland, the place whether at his first setting out of prague, it was his intention to go. Here the chiefest of the Town met the Prince on Horseback. At the entrance thereof, the Ordinance of the City were discharged to welcome him: and the Burghers within the Town in Arms, ranking themselves on each side; conveied his Highness to the Castle being the Court of Count Ernestus van Cassimerus; at that instant time, being received in succession of Count William of Nassaw his brother lately deceased, for Governor of Friezland.  
The Prince being come to the Court, and brought to an exceeding fair Chamber, beheld all the Townsmen marching by in their Arms: & then being brought to the Chamber of the Countess, he was there most Nobly entertained by them both, with all joy and solemnity.  
And thus it pleased the Almighty God to lead this sweet young Princes first one way, and then again another way, now through friends Countries, and now through foes, as from Heidelberg in the Palatinate, to Prage in Bohemia at first; so now again from prague to Luerden: which is almost round about the middle part of Germany. A journey by Land which would have tired the little Iül●s. Which two, as they may hitherto be compared together for their high birth, (both being borne of gods, and both descended from Venus) and their early travels, and in the loss of their native Countries; so it may please God also to conclude them alike in this too: that it may be said hereafter, how that they were both; The Fathers of a race of Emperors.  

That so the Towns he passed, may for their honours say,  
Near, Prince, King, Emperor, Frederick Henry lay.   
FINIS.