❧ The Rutter of the See, with the havens, roads soundynges, kennynges winds floods and ebbs, dangers and coasts of divers regions with the laws of the yele Auleton, and the judgements of the see. ¶ With a Rutter of the north added to the same. (✚) * ¶ The prologue of Robart Copland the translator of this said Rutter. EVery science artificial or mortal is moest commonly enuretd with reason, speculation, and practise, by the which is known and tried the perfit doings of the same, formally to the behote at the doers, and to them, which of necessity must set to work such as been practised and authorized in every such science as thus. Every man that intendeth to build be it habitation, fortress or other edifice on land or water, behooveth to have such worekemen that can cast the plat and know the substance and the ground for the foundation: and that can saflye, and directly frame, and raise the hole work. For whoso hath not the very science of Arsmetryke, and geometry to aim & measure the plat and conjecture of the height, dread and length, and to fortify it with principals, gists, beams, tenants, morte●ses, countrebrases. and not knowing the number in every piece duly framed is in doubt & peril to lose all the frame and without tools thereto belonging, as rule squire, cumpas, line, prychel, triangle, & such other, & for the safeguard & reparation thereof, to store it with brick, or stone, lime, sand, l●me, lath board, nail tile, lead, & other Howbeit that by reason a man that never was builder by speculation may rease and edifis, but nothing like that entired practice. In like manner I conject that in the feat and course of Navigation or sealing a man may presume & take upon him by his speculation to conduct a vessel, as a blind man in a desolate wilderness doth walk till he be lost. But the sure wise & enured master mariner, or lode●inā, not ygnorauntly trusting his own sensual reason diligently for the safeguard of his doings and assuraunte of his practise, considereth if his bessell be sure, and decked at all points, and wi●h great solicitude sequeth inquireth, & getteth such necessary instruments as behoveth to the industry of his practise, as the card, compass, rutter dial and other which by speculate practise showeth the place, that is to say, the costs havens roads, soundings, dangers floods, ebbs, winds k●ninges courses and passages fro land to land, and to be the more sure in the conducting of his viage, he busily purveyeth for all takelynges & store thereto behoffull as cables, roopes, anchors, masts, sails, oars, artillery, victual, fresh water, fuel, and other necessaries. * All this discreetly pondered by a sad ingenyour and circumspect mariner of the City of London being in the town of Bourdewes bought a pretty book Imprinted in the French language called the Rutter of the see containing many proper feats of his science. And considering that it was expedient and necessary for all english men of his faculty to have it in their own language to the erudition, and save guard of our merchants as other haunting the see, not knowing the content thereof. The which book he instanted me lo translate into English. which over seen, me thought very d●ffycyle to me, not knowing the terms of mariners, and names of the coasts and havens, for I came never on the see, nor by no cost thereof. But following my copy by the advise, and oversight of certain cunning men of that science which bolded, and informed me in many doubts, I did untertake in doing my diligence: as a blind horse in a mill turning the querne ygnorauntly, save by conducting of the mylner that setteth him on work. desiring all expert masters to correct this and make other for the common vitlite and safeguard of these our native country men and goods floating in divers regions, In the which doing they shall not only obtain thanks, laudes and be prayed for in this world and also in the other, but he highly rewarded of almighty God which is chiefly master and lodesman of and to every stream and cost. To whom be given laud and glory in the world of worlds. Amen. ☞ The translator. Robart Copland. gentle mariners on a bonne viage Hoyce up the salye, and let god steer. In the bonaventure making your passage It is full see the wether fair and clear The nepetydes shall you nothing dear A see bordmates S. george to borrow Mary & john, ye shall not need to fere But with this book, to go safe thorough * Of the tides, that is to wit, the stood and ebbs fro the race of Sayne into Flaunders. AT the race of Sayne the moon in the southewest and point of souhtful see, & in the southeast & a point of east low water. At saint Mathews the moon north east, full see. And south west low water At the fourne the moon North-east a point of east full see, and in the south-west a point of west low water. At Portsall and at Bergroagh the moon in the east North-east full see, & 〈◊〉 the south west low water. At Lyganan the moon in the east north-east full see, and southeast low water. With in the isle of Basepole the moon in the east northeastfull see, and without in the channel the moon in the east, and the moon in the south low water. At Melenem the moan in the south appoint of south-west low water, and in the west a point of Northwest full see * At the vii isles the moon in the east southeast full see, and south south-west low water. * Fro the isle of basepole to saint Malowes all along the coast unto Carteras the moon in the south low water and the moon in the west full see. * At Cause, Granesey, jarsei, fourne and Clerk the moon in thy south low water to the grovende, and in the west full see. * At Roktowethe moon in the southeast a point of the east full see, and in the cost of garnesey without the moan in the south east low water. * At the race of Brehac the moon in the eastful see, & in the south low water ☞ At Ferrere the moon in the south east full see. At the race of Blanchey between the Hag & Aldreney the moon in the south east, a point of the east full see. between Creke & alderney is a bank called the bank of share, and over it is ix. fathoms without the casketes the moon in the east southeast full see, and in the south-west low water. At the Hag and aldreney the moon in the south a point of south-west low water to the ground. At the sherbrugh, at Barflewe and at the Hag the moon in the south south-west low water to the ground. At Carteras the moon in the south south east full see, and in the west south-west low water. From the chief of Cause to deep the moon in the south southeast full see In Sayne at the folle deleure, also for the landuange and the moan auaylynge fro southeast full se. Without antifer or Lantrygat unto the base of Some the moon in the east full sec. In some the moon in the south full see, and with nepetydes, and northwind the moon in the south southeast full see. At Staples and boleyn unto the stabler of Tenet that moon in the south southeast full see. At the straight of calais the moon in the south-west full see. Fro the straight of calais to ostend the moon in the south southeast low water. Fro ostend to Blankborowe the moon in the southeast and a point of south low wather, & over all the baukes of Flaundres the moon in the south, full see. At the Cape Loupin the moon in the south full see. ❧ Courses fro the race of Sayne in to Flaunders, & how the tides toward britain beareth. Within the Channel of yra is the flood beareth in the east and, the ebb into the west. between Moils, & Vsshant the flood beareth into the east north-east & the ebb into west south-west, with out the isles ye shall find xlv fathoms, and small gravel. between Vsshant and Sylley the flood beareth in the east North-east. In the gutter of Vsshant ye shall find good road at xxv fathoms & beware of a rock that is in the minds of the bay between fourne, and Bergroagh unto the isle of Basepoole the flow beareth to northeast, and a point of east & the ebb again ward At the cost of the isle of Basepole the flow beareth into the east southeast. Within & without the vii isles the flow beareth into the east & point of southeast, Without Brehac the flow beareth in the east & the ebb against it From Brehac the flow to Saint Malo the flood beareth east southeast between casket & alderney the flow cometh out of south-west unto half flood From Alderney to Barflewe the water cometh out of the east. Fro Barflewe to the isles of Marcoll the water cometh out of the south son th'east all long the said coast. Fro barflewe to Lantrygat and the thief of Causeth water cometh out of the east North-east, and in the rout ye shall find the sounding xvi or xviii fathoms, with a good bottom & sand For Lantrygat to the base of Some the water cometh fro north North-east From the base of Somme unto Boloyne the water cometh fro north North-east From Boleyne to the hurdles the water cometh fro the north. Fro the hurdles to gravelling the course without the Base the water cometh north north-east, and with out gravelling to dunkirk the water cometh fro the North-east. Fro the bay of the downs to ostend the water cometh fro the North-east, a point of the east. Fro ostend to blankborow the water cometh fro the east North-east. Fro Blankborowe to the point of saint Katherine the water cometh fro the east and by east northeste. ☞ Routs and courses fro the race of Sayne in Flaunders. Routs and courses fro the race of Sayne to come to saint Mathewes, ●e must go north ward & bear the point of the needle somewhat after board. Fro saint Mathewes to Fourne go ye on the north North-east and beyond saint Mathewes without the point in fair land. But take good head, the Fourne & the needles of the isle of might lieth North-east & south-west. The isle of Basepole and Garnesey lieth North-east and southeast. Roktow and Garnesey lieth north and south. Garnesey & Aldreney lieth North-east and southeast. Alderney, and the caskets lieth North-east, and south-west a point of the east & a point of the west The caskets, & Lantrygate lieth east and west, and if ye will go to Harfewe in Sayne go east southeast. Lantrigat & the shef of Caus lieth north and south, and if ye will go fro Lantrigat in some and staples the courses lieth North-east, and southeast. if ye will go fro the straight of calais into flanders go North-east with the flood and against water go east north-east as far as the bay of the Downs, & when ye be at xvi fathoms ye be in the right course of the Channel of Fla●nders, and when ye have xii fathoms of water ye shall be hard aboard the base, and forth with ye shall fall to three or four. ☞ enterings and Harborowes of the cost of Normandye. IF ye will lie at Sherburgh east auker at vi fathom, and ye shall find fair bottom, & ye shall go north west fro the point of the south and beware of the said point, for there it is dangerous. ☞ if ye will lie at Hag cast anchor beneath the church at xii fathoms. If ye will lie at the fossae of Coluyll cast anchor without at vii or viii fadons. If ye will lie in the rood of the sheaf of Caus go in & cast anchor at vi fathoms, and ye shall have the north fro the land as ye enter, and have no landuamg of the north North-east. If ye will lie in the road of Dyepe cast anchor at, seven. fadons before the town If ye will lie at the base of Some cast anchor without the banks, & take heed that the monastery of Cayo be in the east north-east, and cast anchor at six or at seven fathoms of water. And if ye will go in take high water under you, and take your marks beyond the castle of Crotey, a little with out Lordell, and ye shall go at two fathoms and an half or three. if ye will lie beforest apples cast anchor at vii fathoms or vi if ye will lie at anchor before Beloyn, before the heaven, and cast anchor at viii or vi fathoms. if ye will lie before the hurdles with a north wind, cast anchor before Ordecellus at ten or xii fathoms and ye shall have landuang of the north coming fro hurdles, and ye shall have a good bottom. And if ye cast anchor in the depeste, ye shall find rock and evil bottom. ❧ Floods fro Sylley and England into Flaundres. AT sylley a point in the north-east a point of east full see, and with out silley the moon in the east full see. ¶ At Moushole the moon in the east North-east full see to land. And without the moon in the east southeastful see also. * At Falmouth the moon in the east and by north east full see to the land; and in the east southeast without full see also. * At Fowy, & at. Plummouth the moon in east full see to land, and without in the east southeast full see, also. At Dartmouth the moon in the east full see to land, and without, in the east southeast. At Portlande, without, the moon southeast, and a point of the East full see, at the ankerage of Portlande, thee moon in the east south east full see, At Hound fast, and at Poole the moon at the southeast full see, and south west full see. At the Needles of the isle of wight without the moan at the Southeast, and a point of south full see, at the cost of the said isle at an high spring the moon at the south-west full see. At Shorham the Moo●e at south and a point of southeast full see. At Bewchey the moon in the south full see. At the chamber of wynchelse the moon in the south full see. At the thwart of romney the moon in the south south-west full see. At the straight of calais the moon in the south-west full see, Courses from the Cape of cornwall into flanders, and how the tides dobere. Fro the Cape of cornwall to Lezarde the water cometh out of the east, toward southeast. Fro Lezard to Dodman and unto Bodesters called the start the water cometh from the east north-east. Fro the start to Portland the water cometh from the southeast, and as well is the time known that the flood shall bear in to sutheaste by reason of that ebb at Portlande. At the isle of Wight the water cometh from the east toward North-east and if ye beat the coast of the swingles at two fathoms, the water shall come from the east North-east. ¶ Unto Dover the water cometh from the east toward North-east. From saint Margare●e to 〈◊〉 the water cometh from the north. Into the Temse the water cometh from the east southeast. Routs from, Sylley, & England into Flaunders. Silly and Longshyppes lie east North-east and west south-west. Syllye and Lezarde, lie east, and west. between Silly, and Lezarde is a Rock called Reynoylde stone, called golffe in brytysshe. And who so departeth fro the cape of Cornwall must sail east southeast for the double Lezard. For so lieth the two lands. Moushole, & Lezarde lieth southeast, and northwest. Lezarde, and Dodman lie North-east and soutwest, a point of the east, and a point of west Dodman, & the start lie east North-east, and west south west. The Start and Portland lie east and West, a point of North-east, and a point of south-west. Portlande, and the isle of Wight ye east and west. The isle of wight: and Bewchey lie east and west, a point of North-east and a point of south-west. Benchey and the point of Romney lie east North-east and west south-west. Saint margaret's point & Tenet lie north, and south. ¶ enterings and Herborowes all a long the coast of England. IF that you will lie at the travers of Moushole go nigh the land, & cast anchor at vi fathoms & ye shallbe in a good place at vii fathom, it is all rock. if ye will enter into falmouthe ye shall find a rock in the middle of the entering, Leave it on the larborde side and go toward east by shore, & when ye be passed it go straight in. For the bay is great sound and large, and cast anchor where ye will at xi or xii fathoms amid the bay, and if ye will go at the torning of the full see. For there is abanke to pass which ye shall find a● low water and at full see at ii fathoms and a half or three ankering, and if ye list ye may go into the town of peryn. ¶ If ye will enter at Plummouth, go in straight, and come not to near the isle for there is danger, and if ye will lie dry go before the town and hold toward the Tour for the causey, and if ye will pass toward the west, go nigh to the main land, and cast anchor at twenty fathoms. ¶ If ye will enter at Dartmouthe, go beneyth saint patrick's minster, that you shall see at the entering of the hau●●, and hold you toward the west with a south wind, & give somewhat a birth fro the pay at of saint patrick for because that there is the flat of a rock, and take heed of the rock on leer board side. For this rock is thwart of saint patrick amid that channel, and at the ebb of a spring tide resteth ●uth iii quarters or a fathom, and cast anchor nigh the town at vi or. 〈◊〉 fathoms. If ye will pass to portland cast anchor at viii fathoms, and ye shall have, landuang of southwind through that isle. if ye will entre within the pool go nigh the shore, & aim the st●ple of the Pool through a little house that is at the entering of the haven, & go between the two banks, & ye shall find at low water ii fathoms and a half or three. If ye will entre within the needles of the isle of w●ght, go hard aboard the needles right in & beware of the rock in the mids of the channel, & amid the channel, ye shall find viii. or ix fathoms & hard aboard, the needles is iii or four fathoms If ye will lie at saint Helen's, cast anchor at vii or viii fathoms & beware the point that 〈◊〉 he little without. If ye will lie without saint Helen's take the flood, & go south southeast, so farforth 〈…〉. ¶ If ye will lie at. 〈◊〉 go to the sorde and cast anchor at viii fathoms and ye shall have laduange of west south-west, in the middle of Bewchey: * If ye will enter into the chamber of weynchelse, take half flood under you and see that bewchey be north of you without Fayrle and go by the shore and ye shall go along by it, and beware of the point that lieth a little without. ¶ If ye will lie at anchor by Romney lie before a small village that ye shall see, and cast anchor at viii or ten fathoms For. at vi ye shall have landuange of south-west and rocky bottom, and at x. fathoms ye shall have no landuange of south-west. And at the anchoring of Romney is a bank well half A quarter of a league fro the Dun●onnesse, and there is oft depth between the bank and the Dunionnesse hard aboard the bank xvi fathoms. And the bank, & the point of Romney lie east north-east, and west south-west and there remaineth at the ebb of a high flood but one fathom of water over that bank, and ye shall find good harborough fro Romney to the Dounes all along the same cost at xvi or twenty fathom, and shall have landuange of the west south-west. ¶ If that ye will lie before saint margaret's, cast anchor at xvi fathoms, & ye shall have landuang of the southeast * If ye will lie in the downs cast anchor at vi or vii fathoms. How the ports and havens of England, brytay and Normandye do lie & how many lieges fro one to another Fourney and Vsshant do lie east, and west; and between them there is two lieges. Vsshant and Sylley do lie North-east and southeast, appoint of the north, and appoint of the south, and there is between them .xx v in leynges. * Fourne and Long shypes lie ●●orth east, and south southeast. And there is between them xxvii lieges. * Fourne and Darthmouth lie north north-east, & south south-west, and there is between the● xxxviii lieges. Fourne & dodman lie north & south & there is between them xxxiii lieges The isle of Basepole, and Garnesey lie North-east and south-west. Melenen● & Bodestour or the start lie north and south, and there is between them xxviii lieges. Garnesey, & Dodman lie east & south east, and west northwest, and there is between them xxxviii lieges. * The Caskets and Portlande do lie north; and south, appoint of northwest and a point of southeast, and between them is twenty lieges. * Portlande: and Barflete lie northewest, and southeast, and between them is xxviii lieges. ¶ saint Heleynes, and the Cule of Haglie North-east, and south-west. And between them there is xxiii lieges. * Saint Heleyne & barflete lie north & south, & between them is xxiiii lieges. * Saint Heleyne & shef of Caus lie northwest, and southeast, and between them xxviii lieges. * Bewchey, & Barflete lie North-east, and south-west. * The point of Romney, and Dyepe lie north, & south, appoint of northwest and a point of southeast. And between them is xxvi lieges. * Soundynges that ye shall find coming fro spain, Levant, or Portyngale to seek Vsshant. A Ship that cometh from Portugal ta seek usshant or Lizard in this rout at, c. or. lxxxx. fathoms and ye shall find big sounding, & shall be nigh about to the saints. And in this ●onte at. lxxx. fathoms ye shall find cockle shells and dints in the lead. In this rout hold on the north till ye change sounding. If ye be at. lx. or. lxv. fathoms ye shall find small sand, & mathey grount & ye shallbe at the cost of Vsshant. And if ye have time & day, go seek it, in the North-east, and ye shallbe about x. lieges of the isle. If ye come making your Rout about the Bas frede ye shall find course sand reed and brown, ye shall find sounding of xl fathoms. And if ye be toward the bank of Sylley ye shall have. lxxxvi. or. lxxxx. fathoms, and ye shall find in the lead stony ground, & ye shall make a great way toward the bank of Sylley. ☞ When ye be at. lxxx. fathom ye shall find small black sand, and ye shall be at the toward of Lezarde. When ye be at. lx. or. lxv. ye shall find white sand, and white soft worms And ye shall be very nigh to Lezarde. between the cape of cornwall & Vsshant amid the chonel ye shall find. lxx. fathom, & near enough the shore. Between Dodman, and Fourne in the channel ye shall find lx. fathoms. When ye be thwart of Plommouth or the Start ye shall find streymye ground, and dints in the ●alowe, and sounding of xli or xlii fathoms. ¶ At the coming fro Portland ye shall have xxxv fathoms, and small shingle And if ye be nigh Portlande ye shall find xxx fathoms, and stones like beans. And this sound lasteth to saint Aldam and in the said sounding ye shall find white stones like broken awls, and other be grater. and then ye shallbe wart of saint Aldam or of the isle of wight. And from thence go east ward fro the swyngles Two lieges or three from the isle of wight ye shall find xxv fathom, with dints and clyftes in the tallow like small thread Two or three lieges from the caskets ye shall find xl fathoms, and big stones, rugged, and black. between the isle of wight and she Hag the deepest is but xxxv or xl fathoms. Between the isle of wight and La●trygat the deepest is but xxv or xxx fathom Between Bechey, and the isle of wight at leyge from the land ye shall find xxxviii Fathoms and popples big as beans. between fayrle, and some in the deepest but xxv fathoms. between fylstone, and Boloyne is a banlie that is called rip rap, & is in the mids of the rout as nigh Pycardye as England, and hard aboard by it is xxvi or xxvii fathoms. Beneath the Castle of Dover ye shall find ten fathoms. In the straight of calais ye shall find xxx fathoms. Between calais and Thenet, ye shall find xxv fathom. In the road of calais is xvi fathom In the cost of Flaundres at the deepest ye shall find but twenty fathom. The kennynges from Sylley, and England unto Flaundres. ¶ From Sylley to Longshyp 〈◊〉 is a kenning. Fro Longships to Lezarde viii. lieges From Lezarde to Dodman a kenning. Fro Dodman to Ram's head there is a kenning. Fro Rainshed to the Cape of Beures there is a kenning. Fro cape of Beures to Torres there is a kenning. Fro Torres to Portlande xiiii lieges From Portland to s. Aldam four lieges From saint Aldam to the needles. vi. lieges. Fro Needles to saint Helyns vi lieges. Fro Saint Helen's to Bewechey xviii. lieges. Fro Bewchey to fayrle vii lieges. From fayrle to Romney. Fro Romney to dover vii lieges. Fro Dover to calais vii lieges. Fro Calais to Sluice xxi lieges. ¶ Floods & Ebbs, fro the foreland or Cape of cornwall, into wales all a long by the see cost. At the Cape of cornwall the moon in the east North-east full see, and in the south west low water. At Pastowe the moon in the east and appoint of north-east full see. At Londaye the moon in the east full see, and in the south low water. At Caldaie the moon in the east, and appoint of the southeast low water. Ad Grashormes the moon in the east south east full see. In the Ram's eyes, at the point of kardygan the mon in the southeast full see At mylfort the moon in the east south east full see. At the isle of Fer at the i'll of Colompes, and at Naskingeoles the moon in the east southeast full see. ¶ In the rout of the isle of Mag●●sykes in the mountains of Gaswaye the moon in the south southeast full see. And in all the rout of the isle of Man and unto arglas, and so forth into Scotland the moon in the south. * Routs for Sylley and England into wales along the coast of wales. SIlley, and Londey lie North-east and south-west & between them is xxviii lieges. The Cape of cornwall, and Londay lie North-east, & south-west, a point of north and a point of south, and between them is xxv lieges. Londay and Calday lie north and south, and between them is ten lieges. Cape of cornwall, and Consquere lie north and south, a point of northwest and appoint of southeast, and between them is xxxiii lieges. Cape of cornwall and Maskin geoles lie north and sauth, & bytwne them is xxxiii lieges. Maskyn geoles and Grashormes lie east North-east and west south-west, and between them is. two. lieges. The isle of Fer, & Mylforde lie east & west, a point of North-east & a peynte of south-west and between them is ii leig ¶ Courses fro the cape of cornwall into wales along by the see cost From the cape of cornwall the flood cometh fro the south, and the ebb fro the north, and without at two or three lieges the tide cometh from the south west. ¶ And fro the cape of cornwall to Londay the ebb cometh fro North-east, & the flood fro south-west & without Londay the flood cometh fro the west, and the ebb cometh fro the east. Between Londay and Calday the flood cometh fro the east North-east and the ebb fro the east sutheast. Fro calday to, Scalmay the flood cometh from North-east, and the ebb south west. between Scalmay and grashormes the flood cometh fro the south, and the ebb fro the north. And fro grasholmes all the cost unto Hol●heed the flood cometh from the so●th, and the ebb againward, and without in the rout it taketh of the North-east and of the south-west. Fro Holyheed to the isle of Man the flood cometh fro soutwest and the ebb cometh fro North-east, & along the isle of Man unto without, the flow cometh fro south-west, and the ebb northeast between the isle of man and Scotland the flow cometh fro the east. between the costs of scotland, and the mountains of Galwaye the flood cometh fro the east North-east, & the ebb fro the west south-west. And fro the mountains of Galway to the paint of Lokestene cometh the flood fro north northwest, & the Ebb contrary, fro the point to tarke it cometh south soutwest, and the ebb contrary. * Routs fro Sylley, and England unto Ireland a long the cost. SYlley and c●pe of Clare lie East southeast and west northwest & between them is L. lieges. ☞ Cape of cornwall and the Cape of Veyll lie northwest and southeast, and a point of east, & a point of west, and between them is. xxiiil. lieges. Cape of Veyll and the cape of clare lie cast North-east, and west south-west, and between them is xiiii lieges. Cape of Clare, and the Musenes lie east and west, & between the is vii leyge Musenes and Dulfay lie east southeast and west northwest and between them. is vii lieges. Dulfay and the sonde of Blaskaye lie North & south & a point of northwest & southeast, take heed of the ne●●les between them is xvii lieges. * Blaskaye and thy isles of Daren lie ●orth North-east, and south south-west. and between them is xviii, leges. Blaskaey & blakrocke lie north, & south, & between them is, xl, lieges, And from Blakrocke sail north, & ye shall go out of Ireland. between blakrocke and cantere is, vi. kennynges, Courses from the cape Veyll unto cantere, and how the folds toward Ireland to ●ere. from cope of Veyll unto the isles of wiltay the flood cometh from south-west and taketh of the east and without in the south cometh the flood fro the west southweste & the ebb fro the east North-east. Between Saltaye, and Vkelo the flood cometh out of the south south west, and the ebb again ward between Vkelo and Lambaye the flood cometh from the north and the ebb from the south. And fro the isle of Lambay along the cost the flood cometh fro the south southeast, and the ebb againward. fro Malynes to the point of Arglas the flood cometh fro the south south-west and the ebb againward. Fro the point of Arglas to Cantere cometh the flood fro north, North-east, and the ebb fro south southeast. ☞ Routtes fro the ●oy of Bayone along the cost of Gasgoyn unto the race of Spain. HE that will sail fro the bay of Bayone along by the cost into gyrone, sail northward and by northwest for to double Alcassone, them go north, & by the North-east, & ye shall go in the Asues or pole head, to the way of Anthyoche go on the northwest, the way of Anthyoch lieth west south-west and east North-east, If ye depart from saint Martin your right course is to go by Bretons way in the west northwest, and ye shall go out of the isle of Eus. The way of Brytons lieth east, southeast, and west northwest. The isle of Eus & Bel isle lie northwest and southeast. And fro Byl isle to glenam go west northwest, to double the rocks of glenam, and ye shall go far enough fro Penwarke. Groye and glenam lie east and west, a point of northwest and southeast. If ye will sail without white Rock take most of the west, and to beware of the white rock take sure marks beyond saint Nycolas without Penfrede and then fear not. And when you are in glenan leave the two parts toward the isle of mutton, the third part toward Glenam, and go west by shore The isle of Mutton, & saint Nicolas lie north and south. ☞ The route of glenam lieth east, and west Depart from the rout of glenam, and fail west, and nortwest, and ye shall come before saint Tudy. ☞ And wha that parteth fro the rout of Glenam, and will double P●marke. his course is west, & by south-west, for the rout of Glenam, an the fourke lyeast and west. Penbroke, and fountenance lie, northwest and southeast. The kenynges fro rochell into. Flaunders. Fro la Palace to Bylyvers is vii, lieges. Fre Bylyvers to Holonue is vii lieges, from holonue to the isle of Eus is vii lieges. Between thy isle Eus and Bell isle is, xx. lieges. Fro bell isle to Groye seven. lieges From Groye to Glenam seven. lieges From Glenan to pemmarke seven. lieges From pemmarke to the Race, ix. lieges From the Race to. S. Math. ix lieges From S. Matthew to fourne seven. lieges From south to Bergroagh, seven. lieges between Bargroagh and the isle of Basepole is xiiii lieges. between the isle of Basepole, and the seven, isles is seven, lieges. Between the seven. isles and Brehac vii lieges. Between Brehac and Freel x. lieges between freel and saint Malo, iiii. lieges. Fro saint malo to Chause vi. lieges From Cause to jarsey seven. lieges From jarsey to Hag viii. lieges From the Hag to the isle of wight xxviii. lieges. Fro the isle of wight to Calas xlij leyg Between Calais & S. luce xxi. lieges These are the. Soundynges coming fro spain on the outward parts to the isles north ward, & abau● Rochel. IN this sailing at. l. fathoms ye shall be, xvii. lieges fro and ❧ If ye be at xl fathom ye shall be at, seven, lieges fro land. * And if ye be at, thirty, fathoms ye shall be at vii lieges. fro land. If ye be at, xxii. fathoms ye shall 〈◊〉 at, iiii, lieges fro land. In this rout ye shall find Ose. & ye shall be toward Maumusson, and nigh the land, & ye shall find stones like peason, & then ye shall be toward Balyvers or toward Hol●nne, but go no nigh except it be thy day in this sounding of xu fathoms of water. If ye be south at of the isle of Eus at lx. fathoms ye shall find small sand and be xiiii lieges fro land. If ye be at. l. fathoms, ye shall be at x. lieges fro land. At xxx fathoms ye shall see the isle clearly. If ye be in the see of Layre at xl fathom is Ose, till ye be at xxv fathom. ¶ At the south of Belly at xl fathom ye shall be at ten lieges of it, & come not nearer then. l. or xl fathom but by day. For in the rout of Belly, and glenam at. l. fathom ye shall be nigh the land And take good heed, for there be false soundynges in the thwart of glenam. and Penmarke. ☞ How the land of britain and of Spain do lie and how many lieges is from one to another. BAsefrede and caplye north North-east and south southewest pellem Penmarke and Sysserges lie North-east & south-west appoint of south, a point of north, and between them is xvi, kennynges, Glenain and saint Vyncent de laberker lie north & south, and between them is. lxxxv, lieges. Groye & saint Andrew lie north & south between them is, lxxxv, lieges. Bel isle, & lar●don lie north & south and between them is, lxviii, lieges, The isle of Eus & Martrychaco lie north & south between them is, in. lieges. Holonne & saint Sebastyan lie north and south. These lieges be fro the buckewe of Gyronde to the buckewe of bayone along the cost of, Spain, & portyngale THere is between the Buckew of Gyronde and the Buckewe of Bayonne xxv. lieges between Bayonne and fountaraby is seven. lieges. between fountaraby and saint sebastian is, iiii, lieges. fro, s, Sebastian to quytayre, iii, leyg, fro quitayre to, Montrygo iii, lieges, fro Montrygo to Vermio v. lieges fro Vermio to Bylbame vi, lieges fro bylbawe to Castres' iii, lieges, fro Castres' to the Rade iii, lieges, fro the Rade to S. Andrew vi. lieges fro saint Andrew to saint Vyncent, dela bekete v, lieges fro saint Vyncent to Leagues v, lieges fro leagues to Rybdecell v, lieges fro Rybdecel to vyll vicious v. lieges fro vicious to Gynnon iiii. lieges fro gynnon to pens de gonsen two, lieges fro Gonson to veylles two, lieges fro veylles to pronne two, lieges fro pron to Lyenarke, ix, lieges fro Lyenarke to Rybaydue v. lieges fro Rybaydue to s. fabyan v. lieges fro s. fabyan to Vmero two. lieges fro Vmero to cap de Vere two. lieges fro cap de Vere to Ortiguer two. lieges fro Ortiguer to Sydera iii lieges fro Sidera to cap de prievi four lieges fro cap de pryenl to colome iii lieges fro Colome to Sissergues v. lieges fro Sissergues to cormes iii. lieges fro cormes to Mongye v. lieges fro mongye to the cap of fevyster there is four lieges fro the Cap fenystre to cea v. lieges fro Cea to moor v. lieges fro moors to bayone de moror viii. leigs fro Bayone to camino iiii. lieges fro comino to Vyenne iiii. lieges fro Vyenne to Vyll de count .v. lieges fro Vyl decount to Porto in Portyugale is four lieges fro Porta de vere de Mondego ix leyg. fro Mondengo to paradeun ix lieges fro Parades to barlynges ix. lieges fro Berlyngues to rock de Semper there is xii lieges. fro Semper to Cap de fycher ten leygs fro fycher to Cap. s. Vyncent xxviii ley between cap. s. Vincent and cap saint Maryis xviii leyge between the cap of saint Mary & the abbey of Dolues is xvii lieges between the abbey of Dolues, and saint Lucas de bemeredo is viii lay. ¶ Routs fro Pontewe de Feron unto the flome jordan and how many lieges is between them. POntewe de feron and the isle of cales lie east and west, and between them is twenty lieges. The isle of Cales and Trefaldogar lie east southeast, and west southwest and between them is viii lieges. Trefalga● & the straits of marock lie east & west, appoint of southeast & of northwest, & between them is xii leyg The straits of Marock and cap of Gad lie east and west, a point of north east, and of south-west, between them. lxv. lieges. Cap de got and the formynges lie north-east, and south-west, and between them is. lx. lieges. The formynges & Mayerke lie north east, & south-west, between them xxx legs The isle of Mayerke containeth in length xxviii lieges. Mayerke and Sardayn lie east & west, & between thew is. lxxxx lieges. * Sardayn & Fozyl lie east and west and a point of Southeast, a point of northwest, between them is xxii legs. The isle of fozyl in length is. lxii. leigs The isle of cecyll, and the isle of sapience lie east, and west between them is. two. lieges. The isle of Sapience and the isle of Candrye lie east and west, a point of southeast and a point of northwest, between them is. lxii. lieges. Candre in length is. lii. lieges. The isle of Candre, and the isle of Famagos lie east, & west between them. cxv. lieges. The isle of Famagos in length. c lieges. Famagos and capde Danaco lie east & west. Cap dedinaco and Flo●e jordan lie north and south and between them is lxxxx lieges. * Thus endeth the Rutter of the see and here followeth, the courses of the moon, and judgements, of the isle of Auleron. TO reckon the Courses of the moon truly, it behoveth to take for every, quarter of the moon xxxii hours and a half. For two quarters. xlv. hours. For the quarters. lxviii. hours and a half. For four quarters. lxxxx. hours. * Note one course before the son in the south the moon in the east. For five quarters. c xii hours, and a half. For vi quarters cxxxu hours. For vii quarters. c lvii hours, and a half. From viii quarters. c lxxx hours. ¶ Two course before the son in the west the moon in the south. For ix quarters. cc ii hours. From xi. quarters. cc xlvii hours. for xi quarters xlvii hours. for xii quarters. cc lxx hours. * The course before the son in the west, the moon in the south For xiii quarters. cc. lxxxxii. hours. and a half. for xiiii quarters. ccc xu hours. for xu quarters. ccc xxxviii hours & a half. ¶ Another course before the son in the south the moon in the north and so of other. Note it well and shall find vii c twenty hours. HE that will reckon the moon well by the days, ought to take for every quarter of the moon three quarters and half a quarter of a day and an hour and an half. And for two quarters there is a day & three quarters, an half a quarter of a day. For three quarters there is two days, three quarters, an hour and an half. For four quarters is three days, and three quarters of a day. ¶ One course before. ❧ And for .v. quarters there is four days and a half four hours and a half. For vi. quarters is v. days, and an half, and half a quarter. For vii quarters there is vi days, & a half. an hour and a half. For viii quarters there is vii days, and a half. ¶ Two course before. ¶ For ix quarters viii days & half a quarter, an hour and a half. Foe ten quarters ix days, and ix hours and a half. For xi quarters ten days vii hours and a half. For xii qaurters xi days and a quarter of a day. ¶ Three course before. ¶ For xiii quarters xii days four hours and a half. For xiiii quarters xiii days and half a quarter of a day. For xv. quarters xiiii days, an hour and a half. For xvi quarters xu days & no more ¶ Thus ye shall find but xxx days in every moon. * Note this well. * At xviii days and xviii hours of the Moon, the Son in the south, what shall the tide be at glenan. Answer It shallbe low water, and the moon shall be in the north and ye shall have three winds between the Moon, and the son. * These be the customs of the Vicountyes of britain. ALshyppes or other vessels when they go to wrack by adventure on the coasts of Britain be as if they were won to the said Viscount so that no merchant nor other shall take nothing but they that saveth them which ought to be rewarded after their deserving. That is to wit, if they go at adventure of the see to fetch them far they have the third part. And if they take it on shore they shall have but a competent reward, as justice requireth. And because the country of Britain is so ꝑeryllleous that, scantly a ship can sail thither the spare of ii years with outcomming in danger of the said fordship. Therefore it was accorded between the said Duke and all manner of ships, by the assent of the King of france, at the prayer, request, & supplication of all the country, that the said earl should give seals the which been called bryfes to whom he would in his ground, and so where held all the ships that jaded in the duchy of britain unto the realm of Spain to take the said bref●s on pain to lose the said ship and the goods. ¶ It was a greed therefore among them that what ship that adventured into this said ground, & fyndenge the brefes in witnesses of the registres of the places where they do lie that the said Lordship ought not to take nor suffer to take any of the goods that is in it, nor of the wares that is saved, saving the right of the saviours that was agreed because thy labour to save the goods, & by these covenants of brefes, all manner of ships & marchaū●yse been assured of right & noblesse of the said prince, & they ought to show to the admiral or his lieftenaunte the brefes of all the voyages that they have made in a hole year, at all times that he will require them or else he may hold them as for faith & because that the king of Spain nor his ports, nor english men were not at his agreement to sail under the first condition, in case that they come jaded or void from their countries, if they by charged where the bryfes be they must take of them. for if they be without them they be at the princes pleasure body and goods. THe ordinances wherefore the viscount of Leon is accustomed to the seals called seals of conduct and not brefes was because the said Vycounte was at the passage there as it behoved all vessels to assemble, laden or empty, to th'end that none should misdo other because they were of strange countries it was agreed that he should keep vessels to save & conduct them toward their lands from the said harborowe, & to suffer that all manner of people might take victuals on his foresaid ground, it was accorded therefore that he should have a certain somme for the seals. And in case that any ship passed forth without taking victual on his said ground not having the said seals, to be forfeit in body & goods. And the said viscount may follow then what part soever they go and lead them with him as things forfeited to justify in his said ground and they beholden to show all the seals of voyages that they have made for years, & by this the said viscount is holden to keep the said vessels in peace within this said ground to her power And this is his right with the mind of many Sith the Lords of britain have conquered the said viscount, and these be the two noblesses of the prince. And sith the said noblesses were hole to him hath willed that the spaniards and other that they may take harborowe in his ground without adventure charged or to be fraught fro strange lands, that where the brefes should be safe to them to demand the said brefes with in the third tide after that they have cast that anchor, on land in the haven to rest, or else to fetch them, what part soever they be, in case that they should not have passed by the race of saint matthew, but if they do not pass, they shall not be saved by such will and manner. ☞ Here beginneth the judgements of the See, of ships, of masters of mariners, of merchants, and of all their doings. first one man is made master of the ship and the ship belongeth to many partners & departeth from the country of whence it is, and cometh to London or o another place, and is fraught to go into a strange country the master ought not to sell the ship without he have a procuration or licence of the owners. But if he have need of money for the expenses of the ship, he may lay to gage some of the take lynge, by the counsel of the mariners of the ship. This is the judgement. A Ship lying in a haven, and tarrieth for the freight & time to depart, the master ought take counsel with his fellows, and say, mates how like ye this wether, Some will say it is not good, let it over pass. Other will say the wether is good & fair. The master ought to agree to the most, or else if the ship perish he is bound to restore the value as it is praised, if he have where with. This is the judgement. IF a ship pereysh in any place the mariners ought to save the most part of the goods in the ship & in so doing the master ought to give them their costs reasonable to good to land, if they have saved so much that the master may do it. And the master may lay to bledge of the saved goods to some honest man for them. And if he can not help them so he is not bound to reward them, but they to lose their rewards when the ship is lost. And the master may sell no takeling of the ship but if he have procuration or licence of the owners. But he ought to put them in safeguard to the time that he doeth know the will of the owners, & he ought to do it the most truly that be can, & if he do otherwise he is held to make amends if he have wherewith. This is the judgement. ALso if a ship depart fro Burdewes or another place laden, it chanceth sometime that it wracketh and the most part of the goods that may be his saved, the merchants & the master be at great strife, & the merchants ask their goods of the master They ought well to have them, having the freight as if the ship had made the viage kenning, by kenning, & course by course, if it please the master & if the master will he may amend his ship if it be in case to be lightly mended, & if not he may hire another ship to finish his viage, and the master shall have his freight, as if he had saved the goods, and the freight of the said goods that be saved aught to be reckoned pound by pound, & the good to pay the part of the costs that were done in saving of the said goods, & if so were that the master & the merchants do promise to tolke that should help to save the ship & goods, to have the third part or half by them so saved for the peril that they be in the justice of the country ought well to regard what labour & pain they have done in the saving and after that pain (not contenting the promises made by the said master & mariners) to reward them IF a ship depart fro any place laden or not, & aryvethe at another place the mariners ought not to go out without lean of the master, for if the ship should perish or hurt by any adventure, they be holdeen to make amends. But if the ship were in a place where it were anchored with two or three Cables they may well go out without the mayesters leave, leaving some of the mariners to keep the ship and goods, and they to come betime to the ship and if they tarry long they ought to make amends if they have wherewith. Such is the judgement. Mariner's bind them with their master & any go out without leave of the master and drink drunken and make noise and strife so that any of them he hurt, the Maiester is not bound to cause them to be healed, nor to purvey ought for them, but he may well put them out of the ship But if the master send them in any erande for the profit of the Ship, and that they should hurt them, or that any did grieve them, they ought to be healed at the costs of the ship This is the judgement. IF it chance that any mariner be taken with sickness in the ship doing service thereto belonging the Master ought to set him out of the ship, and seek lodgyuge for him, and aught for to find him light, as talow or candle and give to him a lad of the ship for to take heed of him, or hire a woman so keep him, and ought to purvey him of such meat as is used in the ship that is to wit as much as he took when he was in health and no more but if the master will. And if he will have deyntyer meats, the master is not bound to get him any, but to be at his toasts. And if the ship be ready to depart it ought not to tarry for him, and if he recover to have his hire in praying and rebating that the master laid out for him. And if he die his wife or next kin or friend ought to have it for him. The judgement, is such. ALso a ship is freight to go toward London, or elsewhere and if it do chanceth that torment taketh it being on the see, and it can not escape but if the goods because out the master ought to say, mates it behoveth to cast over these goods to save the ship, & if there be any merchant that will answer and will be contrary of the casting out by their reasons & will not agree, the master nevertheless oughtnot to leave but cast over so much as he shall see need. He & the thyr depart of his fellows making their oaths on the holy gospel when they become to the right place of their discharge that he did it for to save the body of the ship & the other goods that is yet in it & the wines that were cast over aught to be praised at the value of them the be come safe, & when they shall be lo●de they ought to be divided pound by pound among the said merchants and the master aught to divide, and teken the ship or three freight as his choice and for recovering of the damages the mariners ought to have a ton free, and any other aught to have part after his deserving, and if he hath not behaved him as a good man to have nothing of the franchise. And the merchants may charge the master for it by his oath. This is the judgement. SO may chance that the master must cut of his mast by force of the wether, but he ought to call the merchants that own the goods, if any of them be there and say. The mast must needs be cut to save the ship, and goods, it were reasonable by truth. And sometime behoveth to cut a sunder Cables and leave the Ankers and rothers to save Ship and goods all these things been reckoned pound by pound. And when god sendeth the ship to discharge in safety the merchants ought to pay each their rate without delay, or to sell or gage for money, or ever the goods be out of the ship. And if the ship be at hiring, and the master tarry by reason of their debate and perceiveth lekage, he ought not to part with the losses but have his freight as if the tones were full. This is the judgement. WHen a ship cometh safe to the right discharge the master should show the merchants the ropes that they have to hoist withal. And if they see need, the master ought to amend them. For if the ton lose because of the hoisting or of the ropes the master and the Ma●●uers among them must pay the merchants, and the master ought to pay after as he ought to take for the unlading, and the unlading to be set first to recover the losses, and the residue to be departed among them. But if the ropes break without that the Master show them to the merchants they are bound to recompense the damage. But if the merchants say, the ropes be sure, & good, if they break each of them ought to have part of the damage, that is to wit the merchant that oweth that wine only, and the master & the mariner This is the judgement. A Ship being charged at Burdewes or else where, & hoisteth the says for to go with the wines, & the master and his mariners trymmeth not their sail as it should and ill wethering taketh them in the see, in such manner that the takeling crusheth or siniteth out the bottom of the ton or pipe, the ship being saufaryved at the right discharge, the merchants sayeth to the master, that ●y his take ling there wine is lost. The master sayeth nay, and if he will swear, and three or four or half a dosyn of his mariners or any of them which the merchants will that the wine was not lost by their default nor by thyr takeling as the merchants put on them they ought to be quit. But if they will not swear they be bound to order their sail well and truly or they part fro their charge. This is the judgement. A Master hireth his mariners and aught to keep them peaceably and ostre to be their judge and if any say that his fellows lieth, having bread and drink at the table, aught to pay four d. And if any belieth the master to pay viii d. Or if the master belie any also to pay viii d. And if the master smite any of the mariners the mariner ought to abide the first buffet be it with fist, or stath with his hand but if he smite any more he may defend him. And if a mariner smite the master to pay .v. s. or. to lose his fist. The judgement is such. Any ship freight at burdewes or any other place & cometh to his right discharge, and be charged half party tonnage and small lodmans' servants been to the merchants. The custom of britain is all they that be taken steth they pass the isle of Bas, & bepayuz la main. And they of Normandy and England, and flanders, sith they pass Garnesey, & they of sith they pass Garnesey do not. This is the judgement. IF variance fall between the master of a ship, and the mariners the master ought to take the torwell a way that is afore the mariner or he put him out, and if the mariner offer to make amends at the Agreement of his mates that be at the table and the master will not but putteth him out, the mariner may follow the Ship till it come to the right discharge, and aught to have as good wawages as, if he had gone in the ship, amending the trespass at the verdict of his fellows, And if so be that the master take not in as good a mariner as be, and the ship by chance take harm the master is bound to restore the ship and the goods, if he be able. This is the judgement. IT may so be that as a ship lieth anchored at road, another ship cometh out of the see, and by misguiding hitteth against the ship that is in the way, so that the ship is damaged with the struck that the other ship gave it, and there is wine shed on both bartes, the loss ought for to be praised and divided half to half between the ships and the wines lost in the said ships also among the merchants, and the master of the ship that it the other must swear on a book, and his merchants with him that he did not with is will. The reason why this judgement was made is that an old ship willingly lieth not in the way of a better so farforth as it knoweth not to damage it by grieving but when it knoweth well that it must part behalf, it will pass by out of the way. Such is the judgement. TWo ships or more dying in A haven, at scant water, and one of the anchors lie to near another ship, the master of the said ship ought to say. Master take up your anchor it is to near us and may do us harm And if they will not remene it, the master and his mariners that might have the damage may take it up, and set it ferther from them, but if the other will not suffer them, and it do them damage, the other must restore it, and if so be that they had fastened to it, no. But and if it do hurt they be hold to yield the hurt all along, & if they lie dry in a haven, thy ought to set marks at their anchors that may plainly be fain above the water The judgement is such. IF a ship be arrived to be charged at Burdews or at any other place the master is holden to say ta his fellows. Mates will ye freight by yourself, or be allowed at the freight of the ship. That is to be at their own provision. They must answer what they will do, if they take at the freight of the ship, they shall have as the ship shall have. And if they will freight by themself they ought to freight it in such wise as the ship do not tarry. And if it chance that they find no freight the master is not to blame, and ought to show them their fare, and may set the weight of their ship meat to each of them, & if they will lay in a ton of water they may▪ for a ton of wine, and if throwing over into the see happen the ton of water ought to be for a ton of wine, or for other goods, pound to pound, whereby the mariners may help them in the see. And if so be that they freight it with marchaundeyse, such franchise as the mariner hath aught the merchant to have. That is the judgement. THe mariners of Bri●ain ought to have but one meal a day, by reason of that they have drinks going, and coming, and they of Normandye ought to have two meals of the kitchen on the day, because they have but water going at the ship costs. And when the ship is at the shore the mariners to have wine to drink and other at the finding of the master. This is the judgement. A Ship cometh to discharge, the mariners will have their finding some there be that have neither bed nor cabin in the ship, the master may retain of their hire fill the ship be there as they took it, if their put no good surety to furnish their voyage. This is the judgement. ALso the master of a ship hireth his mariners in the town that is of some of their own finding, and other at his coasts. It chanceth that the ship can find no fight to go where he would be, and they must go ferther. They that find themself ought to follow him, but they that be a this coasts he ought to raise their wages, kennynges by kenning, and course by course, after the rate of their hire for to go to a tertayne place. And if they go near then the place, or well as far as they were hired to all to be allowed but they must yield the ship, where they took it, and set it at the adventure of god. This is the judgement. WHhen a ship cometh to Brystow or any other place Of such meat as is in the ship, two of the mariners may bear to shore a mess or an half mess, such as they be cut in the ship, and such bread as they have, as may eat at one time, but no drink. And thy ought to haste them shortly aboard again that the master lose not the ernestes of the ship, for if the master have damage by that loss, they be holden to allow it. Or if any of their fellows hurt himself for lack of help, they be holden to heal him and to make a fine at the verdict of one of the mariners, and of the master, and of them of the table. This is the judgement. IF a master freyghte his ship to a merchant, and set a certain term within the which at the merchant should lad, ready to depart, if the merchant doth it not, but keep the the Master and his mariners by the space of xii or xu days or more, sometime he loseth his wethering & time by default of the merchant, the merchant is holden to make the master amends. And of such amends as the master hath the mariners ought to have the fourth part, and the master the other three parts, because he findeth their expenses. This is the judgement. CErtain merchants or one freighteth a ship, & setteth it in way The said ship entereth into a haven, and is there so long that money faileth them. The master ought for to send in haste into his country for money, but he ought not to lease his armogan for if he do he is bound to redress all the damages of the merchants. But he may take of the wine, & of the marcasites goods, & make sale for his store. And when the ship cometh to the right discharge the wine that the wayster hath so taken aught to be praised after the rate as the other shallbe sold commonly and neither more nor less. And the master ought to have his freight of the wine that he hath taken. This is the judgement. A Lodesman under taketh to lad a ship to hull or to other places, if he fail, & the ship perish to the merchants damages he is bound to restore the damages if he have wherewith. And if he have not wherewith to lose his head, and if the masts or any of the mariners or Merchants do smite of his head they be not bound to make amends, but they ought first to know before they do it if it be able ta make a mends This is the judgement. TWo vessels be fellows to take herrings or Makerelles, they ought to lay as many gins one as another. and they be a greed to part the gain by half between them, and if it chance that one of them perish both men, gins and other things and the other scapeth and cometh safe to shore, the friends of him that is dead asketh part of the gain that they have made, of the gins, hearing, and vessel. They shall have part & gain of the gins and hearing, by the oaths of them that be scaped. But of the vessel they get nothing. This is the judgement. A sip hoysseth up at the discharge and lieth dry where she is so iocoud that the Mariners taketh at the main. mast, or at the scurtyll before or behind the master ought to increase hire their kenning for kenneing, and in wyndying of wines it chanceth that they leave a pipe or other vessel open, & have not well fastened it with roopes at the end of the ship and it slippeth and falleth upon another, and marreth them boat, the Master and mariners ought to restore the merchants, and the Merchants must pay the freight of the two pipes, because they shall be paid at the price that other besolde. The master and mariners ought to set their hoyssing first to recover the damage pound to pound. The owners of the ship shall take nothing, for it was fault of the master, and mariners in fastening of the pipe. This is the judgement. Witness the seal of the i'll of auleron established by the contracts of the said isle, the Tuesday after the feast of saint Andrew. The year of our Lord. M.CC.lxvi. Finis. ¶ A new Rutter of the See, for the north; parties. Compiled by richard. Proud. M.D.XLI BArwyke lieth south & north, of the Cold stone land, and Barwyke haven lieth west nor west & east south east & from bambewe unto the point of the land. The course lieth north & south, but beware of the Golstones, it flows north nor west, & quarter tide under roder from Tynmouth to fayreyland, the course is north Northwest, and south south east. And Tynmouth is tied North-east, & south west betwixt the headland and hand cliff the course is northwest & southeast & it flows west south-west east North-east & at Why thy is half tide, & from Hondclyf cliff so forth to humber the course is southeast and by south and nortweste and by north, from Lyernesse to the head land the course nor nor west, & south south east, at the head land the streams set norweste and southeast and it flows on the head Land of holdernes north-east & quarter tied in the fair way and at the head Land quarter tide, & half quarter and, if ye go fro Lyernesse to the shield ye shall go east south east, for to go clear of to sand and if ye half a neb go southeast and by east, and if ye go from sporne the shield And wind be at north west, your course is southeast, till ye be paste well Banks in the wells flows west, and East, and there goeth also streams under other, and at the shields it flows on the Land, West nor west half streams Under other by the Land to ye come to Winter towns, and fro Winter towns to ye, come to Kerkely Rood, it flows on the land, it flows northwest and quarter & half quarter tid under other & if ye go from shield to the Helms, and it be in the night ye shall go but x. fathom of the cost till ye guess be pass the Limber & ury. And so go the estemmar course till ye come to xiiii fathom and go your course sodtheast till you be past the holmes. But the most wisdom is to bid till day. From Kerkeley rood holmis to orforde, and be westin, it flows on the land south southeast, and at the halmes head quarter tide fro or fordnes to or will wannes the course is. south-west, and floweth south east, and in or will havyn within the were south and north and ye go fro or will wannies to the nesse ye west go south west fro the nasse of makres, of the spette your course is west south west, and it flows south and by east bring your marks together: That is the parish church steeple out be east the abbey of saint Vsseys', then go your course over the spetes south till you come in ten fathoms or xii fathom them go your course with the sho south south-west. If it be flood come not within eight fathoms And ye bring you to xi fathom or xii fathoms then go your course into the Thames with the grenebanke west south west and at the sho it flows south and north, and out of Orwilwandes to go out at the flood your course is east south east for cause of the rogue and the ●ackes till ye come to xu fathoms dep●, & for the landefang, than ye may go south southeast till ye come to xviii fathoms then ye must go south one glass or two glass for cause of the knock. Then go south south-west and fetch up Tenete & tetch up vii fathoms on the break them go your course south, it is your fair way, & take the knok in Kentisee it flows south, and at the north head of god win the streams runneth to south south west and at the south heed of goodwin the stream renis to south west, and by south it flows fro tenet to wyze on both sides on the main Land south south east, at sandwich at downs go to south by east, And in the down go half tide under other, and if ye ride in the downs And will in to Sandewych haven ye must ryre and it be toning wind at east, southeast move. And if it be a following wind ye may bide to south east moan. And ye bown to calais haven, and ride in dowues, & the wind be west south-west or south west, ye must rear I north east moon and get you into your marks, the stepell in the Fan, then go your course, east southeast over & after your tide serve your wend, And Look you seek Cales haven, at south southeast moan or south and by east And if ye turn in the Downs, come no near goodwin them ix fathom, ne no near the brakes them five fathom, from saint margaret's stair and ye will go to donginas your way is south, south-west & reach xviii. fathom deep betwixt-saynt margaret's stair and Donginas goeth half tide. And fro dongynas to held ninas your course is east and west. Donginas and the water of sin lieth east southeast, and west norwest, Dunginas and deep lieth south east and by east, nor west and by west and Donginas and sane heed south southwest go from donginas and ye have twenty fathom deep. go west south west, that is your course along see. And at donginas is half and is half quarter tide And unto hasting half tide, and at Becheffe quarter tide, Becheffe and Deep south east, and northwest becheffe and say heed south and north the hy-land of a Rondel and strouttart south southeast, and nor nor west, the say head and wolves head southeast, and nor west Barflette nas and wolneserde south southeast, and nor norwest. The schapel hogs and neldes south and north. The hag be east, Rokys sneeze, and Wolnesord south and by west, north and by east. Wolnesorde and Garuesaye south southeweste and quarter tide under other at Wolnesord. From Wolnesord to the Beg of saint telynes half tide under other And from saint Telines to chaike sord is half tide, and a south moan make highest water with in wight nedelles. And they forne lieth south west and by west, and North-east and by east the neldes and the cornelande west and east and the nedylles it flows south east, and by south from the nedelles to portland west south west, and east north east at the Poll within Haven it flows nor west, and southeast, and in the fair way south southeast & north north west, at Waymouth within the haven east and west at the bill at Portlande south southeast and north north west. The say heed and Portelande lieth west northwest, & east southeast. Portlande and Garnsay south and north. Sayne heed and the Hyunde by west dartmouth east and by south west and by north Portland and berry land east and by north, west and by south Bery land and Sterte-west south-west and east north east. betwixt Portland and start every haven is tied east west betwixt Berylande and the lands end of England that is half tide in the fair way Bytwixte the start and Lessart the course is east and west and beware of the Edy stones all the havens he full Bytwixte the Start and Lessarte the course at west southweste moon the lands end and Lessarte lieth east south east and west Norwest at the lands end lieth the. Raynolde stone a little yurth of but xii fathoms shall lead you without him And south south west of the lands end lieth the golf the Lange ships and the lands end lieth nor nor west, and south south east, the lange shypes and saint Mary ●ounde of Silly lieth west south west and east North-east. Saint Mary stound and Vishant lieth nor west, and by north south east, and by south. Silly and the sayne lieth south south east and nor norwest, The sayne & Vsshant lieth south and north. Vsshant and the Popyll hope lieth north and by west, and south and by east. Vsshant and Lyssart north and south, Lyssart and saint Mary stound of Silly lieth west and east, but beware of the Gulf, but Saint Mary stound and the Forne nor west and southeast. The Forne and Popyl hop nor north west. and south south east. The Forne and Lyssart north and by east, and south & by west. The Forne and the Gred by east. Falmoth north and south. The forne and the Ramhed nor north east, and south south-west. Vsshant and the Ramhed north east and by north south west and by south. The Forne and Bery land north east and by north, south west and by south. The Start and Baspal north and south. Basepal and Ramhede north and by west, & south & by east. Garnsay and the Hiwnd by west Dartmoth west north west, and east southeast. (*) ⸪ ❧ FINIS.