THE CHARITABLE PHYSICIAN, Showing the manner to make and prepare in the house with ease and little pains all those remedies which are proper to all sorts of diseases, according to the advice of the best and ordinariest Physicians. Serving as well for the rich as the poor. Together with a Table of all those medicaments as well simple as compounded, which one ought to have by them both in City and Country. With a notable and Charitable advertisement to the public: By Philbert Guibert Esquire, and Physician Regent in Paris. Translated into English, by I. W. LONDON, Printed by THOMAS HARPER, 1639. THE CHARITABLE PHYSICIAN. The manner to make Clysters. A Clyster to purge the Belly which you may make at all times. TAke a handful of French Barley and boil it very well in a pint and a half of water, then strain this decoction being about three quarters of a pint, then boil in it half an ounce of good Seine, and two drams of green Anniseeds, or Fenill-seeds, then strain it through a linen cloth, or sieve the decoction being well strained, in which you shall dissolve the honey, butter, and red sugar as followeth: Having a basin or platter ready, within which you shall put two or three ounces of good honey and an ounce of red Sugar, This Clyster being very good cometh but to 7. pence. then pour upon them seven or eight spoonfuls of the decoction being very hot, with the which dissolve the said Honey and Sugar, & after that add unto them the rest of the decoction stirring them together a little longer, that being done strain it again through a white linen cloth or sieve in the which you shall mix five or six spoonfuls of oil of Olives, or half a quartern of fresh butter & your clyster is done, the which you shall pour into a bladder or syringe to be given luke warm or something warmer: if you have no Barley in the house, you may take a quantity of porridge or broth, or laxative Ptisan, or whey or common milk as shall be written hereafter; and if you will not use the said clyster you may make it as followeth. In the said decoction (being strained) you shall dissolve the said honey, red sugar and oil, adding to the same a dram of salt or a little more, being common white salt. Note, that when you have dissolved your honey and all other medicaments in any clysters whatsoever, you must pass or strain them through a sieve or white cloth, for fear there be some dirt or uncleanness left, that would stop the pipe, and so hinder the injecting of the clyster. To make another Clyster for the same. This Clyster cometh to 6. pence. Take French Barley, mallows, Marsh mallows, Pellitory, March Violets, Mercury, Camomile flowers and Mellilote flowers of each a handful; Fenugreeke and Linseeds of each two ounces bruised; cut the said herbs and flowers with a knife, after that wash them and make them clean, then take a little kettle or an earthen pot, in the which you shall put three pints of water or a little more, than you shall boil in it three or four walmes the barley; then put in the herbs, and at the last the flowers and seeds; being all boiled to a pint and a half or a little more which will serve for three clysters. Then take half a pint of the said decoction being strained, in the which being warm you shall infuse for the space of an hour the weight of three Crowns or half an ounce of good Seine, This Clyster cometh to 6. pence. with two dramms of green Anniseeds, and after the infusion boil them a little, then pass it, strain it as before, in that which is strained dissolve that which the Physician shall appoint. An other Clyster. TAke a quantity of the said decoction strained, This Clyster cometh to 3. pence. and put it into a pipkin with half an ounce of Seine, and a dram of green Anniseeds, then having boiled it a walm or two, you shall stir into it four ounces of good common honey, then letting it have a walm or two you shall pass or strain it through a cloth, and dissolve in it two ounces of fresh butter, and then it shall be ready to give being lukewarm. An other Clyster. TAke a quantity of milk, boil it a little, This Clyster cometh to 2. pence. then strain it, and dissolve in it two ounces of red sugar and your clyster is done: you may also take Barley water half a pint, dissolve the red sugar in it or a quartern of good honey, or in the place of the milk you may take whey. To make a detersive Clyster. This Clyster cometh to 4. pence. TAke a handful of common Barley and two drams of green Fenill, boil them in a good quantity of water till half be consumed, and at the end put into it a quartern of good common honey, and then let it boil a walm or two to dissolve the said honey, and then strain them, and dissolve in them two ounces of fresh Butter and your Clyster shall be finished. A Clyster against the beginning of the Dissentery. This Clyster 4. pence. TAke a quantity of good milk being boiled, in the which dissolve three or four ounces of good common honey, and the yolk of an egg, and your clyster is done. A Refreshing and detersive Clyster. This Clyster 2. pence ob. TAke a pint of new milk and boil it with three or four Lettuces and a handful or two of purslane, take a quantity of this decoction strained, in the which dissolve four ounces of honey and your Clyster is made. An Emollient Clyster. This Clyster 4 pence. TAke a pint of new milk, in the which being a little boiled, you shall dissolve the yolk of an egg, and then strain it, and in that which is strained you shall mix two ounces of oil of roses or an ounce and a half of fresh Butter. A Clyster with Turpentine against the Stone-Collicke. This Clyster 3. pence. TAke two ounces of oil of Olives, or fresh Butter, warm them upon a chafing dish or upon hot Cinders, then take them from the fire and pour upon them half an ounce of good venice Turpentine, stirring it together with the oil or fresh Butter; (which is an easy thing to do) being stirred well together you shall dissolve them with any of the aforesaid Clysters according to the advice of the Physician. An Astringent Clyster. TAke Plantain leaves, Shepherd's purse of each two handfuls, wash them, cleanse them, This Clyster 6. pence. and cut them; a handful of red rose leaves, boil them all in Smith's water in the beginning the leaves, and towards the end cast in the rose leaves for to take a walm or two until the decoction cometh to a sufficient quantity, then strain it, and mix with it two ounces of oil of quinces one or two yolks of eggs, and your Clyster is done. Another Clyster for the same. TAke a quantity of good milk, This with the Sugar of Roses 8. pence. which boiling you shall quench a red hot Iron in it three or four times, then strain it through a white cloth or searce, in the which you shall mix your oil of Quinces and yolks of eggs; you may also dissolve in it an ounce of sugar of roses. Note, Note. That to little children you must give half the quantity of the said Clysters: A Clyster for the Colic of the Belly. TAke Mallows, Marsh Mallows, Pellitory, of the wall Isope, Rue, Calamint, Peneroyall, Origan; of each a handful: Fenill-seeds and Cumin-seeds of each two drams, Bay Berries half an ounce, Camomile and Mellilote flowers of each half a handful, boil them all in three pints of water or a little more, beginning first with the herbs, and then with the seeds being bruised and boil them until half be consumed, and this decoction will serve for three Clysters. Take a quantity of this decoction being strained, in the which you shall dissolve fix dams of Dia phaenicum, and as much of Benedict: Laxat: two ounces of honey of Mercury, and as much of oil of Camomile or of Rue, and your clyster is made, which you shall give lukewarm; and if the grief continue, you shall renew the said Clyster with the Physician's advice. A Clyster for the Apoplexy. This Clyster 20. pence. FOr those which are troubled with the Apoplexy, if the disease lingers you shall take a quantity of the former decoction, in the which you shall dissolve six dams of Benedict: Laxat: and as much of Hiera Diacolocynthidos paschij, with two ounces of honey of Mercury, and as much of oil of Camomile and so make the Clyster. But if the disease be forward or dangerous, you shall take a quantity of Ptisan common or Laxative, and in the said Ptisan you shall dissolve the said medicaments. Another Clyster against the Colic for the poor. This Clyster a shilling. TAke Isope, Sage, Camomile and Mellilote flowers of each a handful, half an ounce of Anniseeds bruised, boil them all in three quarters of a pint of good wine, being boiled to a little more than a quarter of a pint, in the which you shall mix three ounces of oil of Nuts and as much of good honey. Another for the poor. YOu shall infuse upon hot Cinders, This Clystes 10. pence. or boil in three quarters of a pint of good wine half an ounce of good Seine, and as much of green Fenil seeds; then strain it and mix with it the said honey and oil of nuts. A natritive Clyster. TAke a quantity of broth or porridge made with the fat of a Capon, a piece of Veal, and the bloody end of a neck of Mutton boiled together, in the which you shall dissolve an ounce of fine Sugar and two yolks of Eggs. Another for the same. TAke a quantity of Hen or Pullet Broth, and as much Gelle mixed together, with two yolks of eggs and make your Clyster. Another for the poor. TAke a quantity of milk being boiled with two ounces of good Sugar, in the which you shall dissolve two yolks of eggs. That before you give any of these nutritive Clysters, Note. you must purge the excrements of the belly with an Emollient Clyster. Also that in making of these Clysters afore mentioned, Note. you may make all sorts of Clysters whatsoever. That for little children you must lesson the dose and quantity of the decoctions and medicaments with the counsel of the Physician. Note. The manner to make and prepare Suppositories. Each suppository cometh to 2. pence ob. TAke two ounces of common honey, boil it in a little sauce pan upon a clear fire until it cometh to the thickness of an Electuary solid; that done, take it from the fire and stir into it two dams of common salt or a dram of shall gem: in powder mix them very well together with a Spatule, & then pour it on a paper being anointed over with oil and form suppositories, and when you use them, you must dip them in oil. Those which you make for children must be but half so big as the other; and if you will keep them by you, you must put them in suet or in fresh butter, or otherwise the air will dissolve them. Other Suppositories which are stronger. Each suppository a half penny. TAke the said honey being boiled and let it cool a little, then mix in it very well a Spatule, common salt and shall: gemm: of each a dram and make suppositories. Another Suppository. Each suppository a half penny. WIth the said honey being boiled and a little cooled, you may mix twenty grains of Coloquintida in powder and as much shall: gem: in powder. Another Suppository. Each a half penny. OR with the said honey being boiled you may mix forty grains of Scammony in powder. For little children you may make suppositories with soap, or with the herb Mercury, or with a little wax candle or fresh butter. Note. That in the place of Suppositories you may also put three or four sugar plumbs of Verdum, without musk anointed with fresh butter one after another. I would not write any more examples of suppositories, because they are little in use, and of little effect, Note. for the former glisters and laxative Ptisans and purging broths which follow are far better and of more virtue. A Certain remedy for to loosen the belly of those which are hard bound, and will not take neither Clysters nor Suppositories. BEcause there are certain persons that are so choleric that they will use neither Clysters nor suppositories for any good in the world: not so much for a certain shame as they have, as they are afflicted with their Hemerods' as well internal as external and other diseases thereunto belonging, therefore let them use this remedy following which is excellent. Take a dram and a half or two dams of good Seine, half a dram of green Anniseeds; This Infusion cometh to 6. pence. put them into a porringer, and pour upon them seven or eight spoonfuls of water, but if the person be not troubled with a Cough, you may put half water and half and half juice of Lemons, and then cover the said porringer and put them to infuse upon hot cinders or in some other warm place the space of half an hour or an hour, than strain and squeeze it through a white linen cloth, and put it into three or four times as much of clear thin broth or pottage, and let it be drunk fasting, and some two hours after let the party eat some warm thing. But if the aforesaid broth or infusion be disagreeable to some delicates because of the taste of the Seine, may squeeze into the broth the juice of another Lemon, but if that cannot please them, than you shall make the Infusion as followeth; in this case you shall not put your Seine and Anniseeds in Infusion upon hot cinders, but in another place from the fire, the space of three hours, than strain and squeeze it as before and mix it with the other broth, putting to it the juice of a Lemon and there shall be no ill taste at all. This said Infusion or broth of Seine thus prepared, discha●geth the belly, dissolveth and emollifieth the excrements of the belly, which are hard and maketh them pass away without any pain or grief to the Hemerods' (which is a good secret.) But if it happen that the party being long time bound, this broth doth not discharge the belly: (which happeneth but seldom) you must reiterete it at night about four or five a clock, or the next morning. Also if the party refuse to take the broth of Seine, he may in stead thereof take one good glass full of laxative Ptisan of which I have written hereafter) taking two hours after some thin warm broth. For the poor which are solid and hard bound. THose poor people which have not the Commodity to take Clysters nor broths made with Seine as is before written, let them use this remedy following. Take two pennyworth of Seine, that is two or three dams with a little Anniseeds, which they may have at the Apothecaries or drouguists, which they shall infuse in a porringer with nine or ten spoonfuls of water upon hot cinders the space of an hour or two, then strain and squeeze it through a linen cloth, and put it into three or four times as much broth or pottage, and take it as aforesaid. The manner to make Injections. INjections are made for diverse diseases, as Ulcers wounds in diverse parts of the body, as also for the diseases of the yard and matrix which are used with syringes proper for the same, in the which are put waters, decoctions, oils or other liquors according to the advice of the Physician to be administered to the sioke. The which Injections in composing, there is great difference for the remedies of diverse diseases which the Physician ought to appoint according to the discase. But I shall write of some few to content the curiosity of some persons. An Iniection for the Gonorrhoea. YOu shall make an Iniection for the beginning with clear milk or with Barley water warm, This Iniecton with the syrup 10. pence. and afterwards you shall mix with it syrup of dried Roses, that is to say to four ounces of liquor, you you shall mix an ounce and a half or two ounces Syrup. Or if there be at the beginning any Inflammation you shall make an Injection in Summer with a decoction of French Barley, Plantain, Betony, Each Injection 2. pence. and water Lilies; and in winter with their waters, also against the pain of the said part, you shall make an Injection with new milk from the Cow. To make Pessaries. A Pessiry is bigger than a Suppository, and is very proper for the matrix, the which are made of Cotton silk or Linen cloth, in the which there are put medicaments; being wrapped in Taffeta silk or Linen cloth and well tied; then being infused in wine, water, juice, or other liquor convenient, is put into the neck of the matrix. They are made also with herbs, flowers, seeds, etc. bruised in a mortar and wrapped in a cloth fast tied, which hath a great virtue. Note. That you must tie a little ribbon at the end of the said pessary to tie round the thigh for fear it goeth into the matrix. A pessary to provoke the monthly courses. This pessary 2 pence. TAke the leaves of 2 or 3 handfuls of the herb Mercury, bruise them in a mortar with a pestle, then wrap it in a cloth, and bind it fast, and make a pessary the which you shall infuse a little in the juice of the said herb being warm and use it. A Pessary to stay the monthly courses. This pessary 3. pence. TAke the leaves of these herbs following, that is Centorie Mirth, Plantain, Cinquefoyle or five leaved grass, of each half a handful; after you have washed them and made them clean beat them together in a mortar, and make Pessaries as aforesaid, which you shall soak in warm juice of Plantain. To make Ptisan Simplex to drink ordinarily. This Ptisan 3. pence. TAke a handful of French Barley prepared, that is to say, washed and cleansed; a dram of Anniseeds, boil them in a pottle of river water or other good water in a pipkin or other vessel being very clean, being pretty well boiled you shall put into it half an ounce of good liquorish well scraped and sliced, than you shall scum it, and when there riseth no more scum, take it from the fire, and let it cool, and drink it ordinarily. Th●e are certain persons which love the taste of Liquorish, and others that love it not, therefore you may augment or diminish the said liquorish; or in the place of the Liquorish, you may put rasped Hartshorn or Ivory, or other medicaments according to the advice of the Physician. To make Barley water. TAke a handful of French Barley prepared as aforesaid, and boil it in a pint of fair water until a quarter be consumed, then strain it through a white cloth and use it. If it be to drink you may boil with it a few Anniseeds or a little Cinnamon. The best Bezoar 2. pence the grain. The manner to take Bezoar stone, and what it is worth a grain. FOrasmuch as we treat of Ptisans simple, we may also show the manner to take the Bezoar stone. Take four, six, eight, or ten grains, or more of good Bezoar in powder, the which put in a spoon and power upon it a little Ptisan or juice of Lemons and mix it together and so take it. Also I give you to know, that the best Bezoar will cost but two pence the grain; and I council those that hold the vulgar opinion, that it is good against small Pocks, Measells, Fevers, Purples, and many other diseases to buy it at the druguists, two drams or half anounce you may have a dram for seven shillings, & it will serve for your family and to give to the poor seeing it costs so little. The manner to make Hydromell Simplex. This Hydromell 4. pence. TAke a pottle of River water, or other good water six ounces of good honey, put them into a pipkin or other clean vessel, and boil them, and scum i● always until there riseth no more scum, then take it from the fire, and let it cool, and take a quarter of a pint at a time. To make compounded Hydromell. FIrst, boil the medicaments appointed by the Physician, then strain them, and boil with them as much honey as shall be needful. To make Laxative Ptisan. This Ptisan 6. pence. TAke an ounce of good Liquorish prepared, boil it in a quart of water and scum it very clean, and when there riseth no more scum, take it from the fire and infuse in it all night half an ounce of good Seine, and a dram of Fenill seeds enclosed and tied in a linen cloth; the morning following you shall strain it and drink a good glass full, taking two hours after a potringer of clear thin broth. If you will have the Ptisan stronger, instead of a quart of water put a pint. Another Laxative Ptisan. TAke a handful of French Barley prepared, Rasped Heart's horn and Ivory of each a pugil, tie the said rasping in a linen cloth, put them in a pint and a hall of good water and boil them, and in the end put to them an ounce of good Liquorish prepared, then being well scummed put to infuse the Seen and Fenill seeds as aforesaid. In summer you shall take a quantity of River water and put it into a pot or bowl with half an ounce of prepared Liquorish, and two dams of good Seine, and a dram of Fenill seeds, then pour it out of one pot or bowl into another many times, and then let it settle and so use it. If you would take this in a morning, it were better to let it infuse all night and the said Ptisan would be better. You may also enclose a dram of Rhubarb cut in small slices with a little Cinnamon, or as much of Agaricke with a little Ginger to infuse with it, but let it be with the counsel of your Physician. A Laxative Ptisan, with Seine, Rhubarb, and Agaricke. TAke three quarters of a pint of good water, in the which boil and scum as is aforesaid an ounce of Liquorish, then take it from the fire and infuse in it all night a little bag with half an ounce of Seine and Anniseeds, in the which enclose also the weight of a dram and a half of Rhubarb with a little Cinnamon, and as much Agaricke with a little Ginger bruised, the morning following strain it and press it through a linen cloth, and this shall be for twice taking. Another Laxative Ptisan with Cassia and Sene. TAke an ounce of Liquorish prepared, the which being boiled in a pint and a half of water and well scummed until there riseth no more scum, than you shall put into it the Cassia with the seeds, being drawn out of two ounces of Cassia in the Cane, then take it from the fire, and infuse in it all night the bag with half an ounce of Seine and Fenill seeds, the morrow morning strain it and take a good glass full at a time. Note. That it was spoken of before concerning this, who could not take neither Clysters nor Suppositories, and if their bodies be very solid, and that they take a good glass of this Ptisan and it doth not cause them to go to stool, (which happeneth but seldom) they may take another glass at night about four or five a clock, and another the next morning, taking two hours after some thin warm broth. Also with the advice of a Physician one might take this Ptisan three days together morning and evening, take two hours after some warm broth. The excellency of these Ptisans. MOreover I certify you that these Ptisans are of most excellent virtue, as well for the rich as for the poor, for they cost but little as you see, and they are of great effect serving for purging medicines and for Clysters, being easy to take because of the Liquorish which taketh away the ill taste of the medicaments, without hindering their operation; therefore you ought to pray for those that invented them, and for those that gives you the knowledge of making them in your own house with ease, and yet you ought not to make them without the advice of a Physician. To make water of Cassia. Each taking will amount to 2. pence. TAke half a quartern of Cassia in the Cane, the which you shall open and put it with the seeds into a pipkin with a pint of fair water, and put to it a dram and a half of Cinnamon bruised, boil them a little, then strain them, and let it cool, and take a good glass full at a time; you may also boil with the said Cassia and ounce of Tamarinds, and a dram or two of Rhubarb cut in small pieces. One might easily by this method make the decoctions of Guaicum Sursaparillae, Note. and others for those diseases which ought not to be divulged in the curing; the which for the honour and health of the diseased needeth not so many testifying, the Physician & Chirurgeon are only those necessaries keeping silence in their mouths: The difference of these things are only for the preparation of the medicaments, and the time they ought to be in infusion and in boiling, which is a small matter and little pain and easily prepared: To make water of Rhubarb. TAke half a pint of water, This water 4 pence. put it into a pipkin or some other clean vessel, and put into it a dram of Rhubarb cut into small pieces with a little Cinnamon bruised, boil them two or three walmes and strain them and use it. You may also boil in the said water the roots of China and Liquorish raspd Heart's horn and Ivory, This water 6. pence. and being a little boiled take them from the fire, and put into it the Rhubarb and Cinnamon to infuse. Also if you will, after the said ingredients are boiled and strained, you may put in the Rhubarb and Cinnamon to infuse, and take it not out until the water be very fair and well coloured. To make the said water of Rhubarb more purging, This 6. pence. you may put into the cloth with the Rhubarb a dram or two of good Sene. To make a decoction of Seine purgative. This decoction 6. pence. TAke half an ounce of good Seine, a dram of Anniseeds, infuse them all night in a quarter of a pint of water in a porringer near the fire, and in the morning strain it through a cloth and put into it the juice of a Lemon, and then put it into as much more pottage or broth, and take it fasting. There are those that infuses their Seine in verjuice, but it is better to infuse it in juice of Lemons, for the verjuice is astringent and hinders the working of the Physic, but the juice of Lymons is Laxative. A purging decoction of Seine for the poor. THe poor which hath not the commodity to prepare it of this fashion, shall take half an ounce of Seine and a dram of Fenill seed, and infuse it all night in a little hot water or Ptisan, and in the morning strain it, and with some pottage drink it. The manner to make and prepare Laxative and purging medicines of diverse fashions, and with little trouble. This medicine 8. pence. TAke half an ounce of good Seine, a dram of Fenill seeds, put them into a porringer and pour upon them a quarter of a pint of water, and let them infuse all night near the fire, and in the morning strain and press them, and when it is strained mix with it an ounce of syrup of Damask Roses, and take it lukewarm fasting in the morning, and two hours after take a porringer of warm broth, and keep your chamber all that day. Another Laxative medicine. TAke half an ounce of Seine with the Fenill seeds, This medicine 10 pence. being infused all night, then strain it and mix with it an ounce and a half of syrup of Damask Roses; you may also infuse the Seen and Anniseeds in Ptisan ordinary. Another medicine Laxative compounded with Syrup of Roses, Seine, Rhubarb and Agaricke. TAke half an ounce of Seine, This medicine 18. pence. a dram of Fenill seeds, infuse them and boil them a little in a quarter of a pint of Ptisan or Barley water, then strain it and press it hard, in the which being strained, you shall infuse in it two dams of Agaricke rasped with a little Ginger, and a dram and a half of Rhubarb cut in small pieces, and in the morning boil it a little, and strain it, and in the decoction which is strained, dissolve an ounce of good Syrup of Damask Roses, the which you shall take in the morning, and two hours after take a porringer of warm broth and keep the house all day. A Laxative medicine made with a decoction of Roots, Herbs, Seine, Cassia, Rhubarb, and Syrup of Damask Roses. TAke two or three roots of wild Succory, scrape them and take out the pith, take also three or four roots of Fenill and Parsley and prepare them in the said fashion, three dams of Liquorish prepared. Take also Agrimony, Betony, Scolopendry, bugloss, Borage, and Purslane, and Lettuce, of each half a handful. You may put away the seeds and flowers, and wash them all very well, then boil them very well in a pipkin or earthen pot in sufficient quantity of water, boiling first the roots, then put in the herbs, and then the flowers and seeds with the Liquorish, then take a sufficient quantity of this decoction strained to make this medicine following. This medicine 2. shill. Take half an ounce of good Seine and a dram of Anniseeds pu● them into a porringer and put with it the Cassia which is taken out of half a quartern of the Cane, a dram and a half of Rhubarb cut in small pieces, then pour a quantity of the decoction seething hot upon them, and cover the porringer, and let it stand all night in the chimney corner, in the morning you shall boil them a little upon a chaffing dish of coals, and then strain it through a white linen cloth, and in that which is strained mix an ounce of Syrup of Damask Roses, and so take it in the morning fasting keeping your chamber as is aforesaid. An easier manner to make the said medicine. TAke the said Seen and Fenill seeds, boil them in the said decoction, or infuse them in the decoction three or four hours in some warm place; then strain and squeeze it, and then put in the Rhubarb and Cassia and let them infuse all night, and then strain it and mix with it the Syrup of Damask Roses. You may keep these medicaments to boil in a decoction for a Clyster, and then strain it, and mix with it red Sugar, Honey, Butter, or other things proper for the same which is very good. This medicine above written is better than if there were Diacatholicon double, Note. or Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb. That if you cannot get the roots and herbs before mentioned, Note. you may take Barley water or ordinary Ptisan. Another Laxative medicine. TAke a dram of Anniseeds, This 6. pence. and half an ounce of Seine, boil them in a quantity of Ptisan, then strain it and mix with it half an ounce of Diacatholicon doubled with Rhubarb, a dram and a half of Diaphaeni●um, and an ounce of Syrup of Damask Roses, and take it as is before written. A medicine for those which are strong bodies and rustic. TAke half an ounce of Seine, This medicine 14. pence. a dram of Fenill seeds, infuse them all night in a quantity of Ptisan or Barley water, then strain it and mix with it three dams or half an ounce of Electuarium Diacarthum; with an ounce of Syrup of Roses. A Laxative medicine for those that are soluble. TAke half an ounce of Seine and a dram of Fenill seeds, infuse them a in sufficient quantity of water, then strain it and infuse in that which is strained all night a dram of Rhubarb cut in small pieces, then strain it and mix with it two ounces of fine Sugar to make it pleasing, and take it. A Laxative medicine for little children at nurse. TAke half an ounce of Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb, and let it take it with twice as much Ptisan. This medicine 2. pence. This 2. pence. Also you may infuse all night a dram of Seine in a little Ptisan, and Sugar it a little, and so let him take it. This 4. pence. Otherwise you may infuse all night in a little Ptisan or water sugared, then strain it in the morning and let them take it as aforesaid. To make a Bolus of Cassia. This Bolus 18. pence. TAke six ounces of Cassia in the Cane, draw it, and extract it with the decoction of Fenill seeds as followeth. There will be an ounce and half. Take half an ounce of Fenill seeds, boil them a little and pour them into a porringer; then lay a searce over the porringer, and so pulp your Cassia, through which being done you may take out with a spoon, and then you may wrap them up in bits with Sugar, and so put them in wafers soaked in water or wine, and some two hours after take some warm broth or the decoction of Seine, which followeth. This decoction 2. pence. The night before you take the Bolus, put in infusion half an ounce of Seine, and a dram of Fenill seeds in sufficient quantity of water and juice of Lemons. The morrow morning two hours after you have taken your Bolus, you shall strain this decoction and mix with your broth, and so take it keeping your chamber all day. Also you may mix with the extracted Cassia a dram of good Rhubarb in powder. Note. That when one mundifieth the Cassia upon the breath of the decoction of Anniseeds or Fenill seeds, it hinders the fuming of the Cassia into the head which many times causeth sickness. A Bolus of Cassia to purge the reins, and refreshing. EXtract as much Cassia as is aforesaid, This Bolus 18. pence. mixing with it a dram of powder of Liquorish, and then take it in bits in a spoon, and two hours after take some warm broth in the which you shall put the juice of a Lemon. A Bolus of Cassia with Turpentine for the Gonorrhaea. TAke as much Cassia extracted as is aforesaid, This Bolus 18. pence. and mix with it with a knife or Spatule of wood two dams of Venice Turpentine not washed, and wrap it up into bits, and so put it into wafers and swallow it down, and take some broth as is aforesaid. Another Bolus of Cassiae. TAke an ounce of extracted Cassia, This Bolus 12. pence. which being extracted mix with it two dams of diaprunes, and make it into bits and take it as is aforesaid. Another Bolus for children at nurse. TAke three dams of extracted Cassia newly extracted, This 4. pence. and dissolve it in a little broth and then let them swallow it. A Bolus for the poor. TAke an ounce and a half of Electuar: Lenetiv: This 8. pence. and swallow it two hours before you take broth. Another. This 8. pence. TAke an ounce of Catholicon doubled with Rhubarb, two dams of Di● prun: Laxate mix them together and take them as afore mentioned. Another Bolus for the poor. This Bolus 8. pence. TAke an ounce of Electuar: Lenetiv: two drams of Dia pran: Laxat: or as much of Dia phenic: mix them together with the point of a knife, and then swallow it down two hours before you take broth. To make Vomits. Note. THat the best time to take vomits is when the stomach is full; that is two say after you have eaten, for that will cause you to vomit with more case, and to void the excrements from the bottom of the stomach. A common Vomit. This vomit 2. pence. TAke twelve spoonfuls of warm water, and three or four spoonfuls of oil of Olives, or two ounces of fresh Butter melted, drink them, and now and then, put your finger in your mouth that the vomit shall not stay to long upon the stomach. Another Vomit. This 2. pence. TAke three or four Radishes, wash them and bruise them; half an ounce of Mallow seeds being bruised also, boil them in a porringer or two of water until three quarters be consumed, then strain it, and mix with it a little oil or fresh Butter, and so take it. A Vomit which is stronger. This 2. pence. TAke seven or eight green leaves of Cabaret, beat them, and juice them, and mix with the juice two or three times as much white wine, and drink it warm. To make Chewing or Masticatories. This 1. penny. THe ordinariest and easiest of all is to take only Mastic and chew it in your mouth, and you shall feel the rheum fall from your head into your mouth, which you must spit out and use this fasting. Another. INcorporate the said mastics with a little wax melted, This 4▪ and never so little oil with a little powder of pepper, Pellitory, and Stafes-acre, and make pills, the which take one fasting as is aforesaid to draw better the humidities from the head. Another. TAke Pepper and Pellitory of each a dram and a half, put them in powder, This 2. pence and mix them with honey, and cut them in pieces about the bigness of a Bean, and let them dry in the shade, and then use them as above. To make Gargarisms. TAke ordinary Ptisan as before written, This 1. pen● half penny. wash and Gargarize the mouth and throat lukewarm, and if you will you may mix with it an ounce of honey. Another Gargarism. TAke a quantity of Barley water and mix with it three or four spoonfuls of Vinegar and use it. This 1. penny Another. TAke a handful of Barley well picked and washed: This 4. pence Agrimony, Plaintaine, dry Roses, wash the herbs and cleanse them, then boil them in a pint and a half of water; first boil the Barley a little, and then the herbs until half be consumed, then dissolve in it two or three spoonfuls of honey, and as much of syrup of Mulberries, and use it. A Gargarism to mollify the heart and mouth. This 3. pence. TAke thirty sweet Almonds, peel them, and beat them in a mortar, pouring upon them by little and little as you beat them a quarter of a pint of warm water, then press them through a cloth, and put that which is pressed into a porringer, and let it infuse all night in the chimney corner, and then use it if you will have it more agreeable, you may dissolve some sugar in it. An Anodine Gargarism for the poor. GArgarize your mouth and throat very well with milk hot from the Cow. A Gargarism Astringent and Repereussive. This 9 pence. TAke a handful of French Barley, Plaintaine, Pencroyall, and bramble tops, of each a handful, boil them in a sufficient quantity of water, until it cometh to half a pint, strain it and mix with it two or three ounces of Surup of Mulberries and use it. To make and prepare Emultions. An Emultion for to refresh the reins, and for the sharpness of Urine. TAke two ounces of sweet Almonds, peel them and put them into a marble mortar, and beat them with a wooden pestle, pouring by a little and a little upon them some warm Barley water, then put to them two dams of each of the four greater cold seeds, beat them all very well, pouring still upon them a little warm Barley water until it come to a pint, than strain and press it very hard through a linen cloth, and in that which is strained dissolve two or three ounces of fine Sugar, and two ounces of juice of Lemons, and take it at three times two hours after you have eaten; and if the pain of the reins continue, you shall beat with the Almonds two drams of white Popie seeds, or a dram of Lettuce seeds, and as much of Poppies. That when you make your Emultion, Note. you must beat your seeds very well with a little warm Barley water, before you put in your Almonds. An easier way to make an Emultion which is ordinary. TAke half an ounce of Gourd seeds, and as many of Cowcumber seeds, put them into a marble mortar, (being very well picked) and beat them very well with a wooden pestle, pouring by little and little some warm Barley water, than beat two ounces of sweet Almonds peeled, pouring more water as is aforesaid; beating of them very well, and strain and press them very hard, that there may be strained the quantity of a pint strained. To make Almond Milk. TAke two ounces of sweet Almonds, peel them and beat them in a Marble mortar as is aforesaid, pouring now and then upon them a little and a little warm water, until there be a about half a pint, than strain and press it very hard through a clean white cloth; then take that which is strained and put it into a little pipkin, and boil it upon a fire without smoke, that it be neither to thick nor to thin, This 6. pence. then dissolve in it two ounces of fine Sugar, and a grain or two of salt for to give it a taste, and take it at night at the hour of sleep about nine or ten a clock. There are those that put Ptisan and Barley water in the place of common water, but it maketh the Almonds more rough, so that it will not be pleasing to some delicates. There are those also that do beat with the Almonds the crumb of a new white lose to make it more white and nourishing, which you may do if you please. Also in great heat of the reins we use to put and beat with the Almonds a dram of white Poppy seeds, but you must beat them well before you put in your Almonds. To make a Hordest or mundified Barley. TAke two ounces of French Barley, boil it upon a clear fire in three quarters of a pint of water three or four hours, until that there be but a porringer of liquor left, then strain it without pressing the Barley; then peel and beat in the mortar two ounces of sweet Almonds, pouring this liquor upon them as aforesaid, than strain and press them very hard, and boil it a little, and dissolve in it two ounces of fine Sugar, and take it when you go to bed. There are those also that beats their Barley in the mortar with the Almonds, and press it hard, which you may do if you please. To make Tablets or Lozenges of Sugar of Roses. TAke half a pound of fine white Sugar, and four ounces of good Damask Rose water, put them together into a skillet and boil it very well upon a soft clear fire, until it come to the consistence; which you shall know by taking a little upon the end of the Spatule, and let it fall down into the skillet again, and there will be a long thread; or put a little upon the handle of the skillet and it will grow hard: Secondly, take a trencher and put a little upon it, and when it is cold, if it be hard it is enough: Thirdly, drop three or four drops upon the ground, and if you can take it up that it stick not to the ground it is enough, then pour it all upon a Marble stone or upon a table well rubbed, strowing upon the table or stone a little starch in powder through a bolter or linen cloth, and so form your Lozenges to make them red, you may stir very well in it two dams of red Rose leaves in powder. To make a frontal or binding for the pains of the head, caused of cold. TAke leaves of Sage, Rosemary, Betony, and Balm, This 6. pence. of each half a handful, boil them very well in white wine, or half wine and half water, than beat them in a mortar, and put them betwixt two linen clothes, and bind them hot upon the temples. A frontal or binding to cause rest. TAke Betony, red Roses, white Lilies, This frontal 3. pence. and Violets, of each a Pugill; white Poppy, and Lettuce seeds of each two drams, beat them all in a mortar to powder; beginning with the Poppy and Lettuce seeds, and then with the herbs and flowers, and this powder you may incorporate with oxirrhodin; and apply it hot betwixt two clothes as is aforesaid, you may also incorporate them with ointment of Roses. Another refreshing to cause rest. This 2. pence. TAke a handful of new dry Roses, or of those of Rose Cakes if they be not burnt, beat them very well in a mortar, and incorporate them with oxicrat: warm that it may be something thin, then bind it between two clothes warm upon the forehead and temples as before; if there be any new fresh Lettuces or Purslane, you may beat half a handful with them. Another. This 1. penny. TAke a piece of Rose Cake which is not burnt, and cut it with a pair of Scissors just the length and breadth of the forehead, then soak it in a platter upon the fire with oxicrat: and bind it hot as is aforesaid. Another. This 1. penny. Anoint the forehead and temples with ointment of Populeon; being well anointed take a cloth and dip it three or four times in oxicrat: hot, and then squeeze and bind it upon the temples; the oxicrat: is made as followeth. To make Oxicrat. OXicrat is composed of vinegar and water, but because the vinegar hath not always the same property, for sometimes it is weak, and sometimes to strong, it is hard to write of the quantity, but you may take upon six parts of water, one of vinegar, but the ordinary use is to take as much vinegar as water which is best. To make Oxirrhodinum. This oxirrhod 4. pence. TAke four spoonfuls of good oil of Roses, two spoonfuls of good Rose water, and a spoonful of vinegar, mix them well together, and your oxirrhod is done, which when you go to use, warm it well in a porringer, and rub the party with it, tying upon it a dry cloth, or soak in the said oxirrhod or oxicrat. Another. TAke three ounces of oil of Roses, This 4. pence. and an ounce of vinegar, mix them together, and use them as before written. To make Hydreleum. THe said Hydreleum is made, mixing six parts of water and one of oil together. To make Epithemes. An Epitheme refreshing the parts which are tempered with heat. TAke half a pint of oxicrat before written, This Epithem 1. penny. put it in a basin and set it upon a chase dish of coals, being hot dip a linen cloth into three or four times, and squeeze it, and clap it hot upon the place affected, and lay another dry cloth upon it, and when that begins to be cold, be ready with another, and so do half a dozen times. This Epitheme is of great virtue, and better than those which are made with distilled water or powders, for they are hot of themselves. A Corroborant and refreshing Epitheme, for hot bellies in lingering Fevers. TAke Suckory, Sage, and their roots; Agrimony, Purslane, Plantain, and Endive, of each a handful; red Rose leaves half an handful, boil them all very well according to order in a pint and a half of water, being first washed and made clean, boil them to three quarters of a pint of water, then strain it and mix with it six or seven spoonfuls of vinegar of Roses or common vinegar, applying it hot with clothes upon all the belly as is aforesaid. An Epitheme to lay upon the region of the heart in malignant and pestilent Fevers. This with the Treacle 18. pence. TAke a Citron or Lemon peel, cut it in small pieces, and infuse it an hour or two in a quarter of a pint of good Rose water, then strain it and mix with it the juice of a Citron or Lemon and it is done; which you shall apply three or four times a day with linen clothes as is aforesaid; if you mix with the said Epitheme a dram or two of Venice Treacle it will be very excellent. Another for the same. This 16. pence TAke two handfuls of Medowsweet, and as much of Scabios and Devil's bit; seeds of Citron, Carduus, Benedict, and Alkekeng, of each half an ounce, wash and cleanse the herbs, and boil them in a pint and a half of water, and a little after put in the seeds being bruised, then boil them to half a pint, being strained dissolve in it the juice of a Lemon, and two or three spoonfuls of vinegar of Roses, and the said Treacle, the which you shall use as before. An Epitheme against the coldness of the heart. This 1. penny. TAke a quarter of a pint of strong wine, that is to say Claret or White wine, warm it very well upon the fire and use it with linen clothes as before. You may also instead of Wine use good Aquavitae with the council of a Physician. To make Sternatutories or sneesing powder. TAke a little white Hellibor or Euphorbium in in powder, This 1. penny, or 2. pence. snuff it up into your nostrils out of a piece of a pen or quill. To make Fumes and Perfumes. An excellent perfume to cast a sent in a chamber and against the ill air. TAke seven or eight spoonfuls of good Rose water, ten or twelve cloves bruised, This 4. pence. four or five little pieces of Lemon or Orange peel, put them all together upon a chafing dish of coals in a porringer, and put them in the middle of the chamber, or in any other place, and the vapour will rise and give a good sent and throw out the evil air. Another Perfume. TAke seven or eight spoonfuls of vinegar, This 3. pence. four or five bits of Lemon or Orange peel, fourteen or fifteen Cloves bruised, put them together in a platter upon a Chasing-dish of coals as before. This last perfume is not so odoriferous as the former, but it is very good. That you must not boil the said medicament, Note. but put them upon so much fire as will raise the vapour. There are made diverse perfumes for diverse diseases, Note. with roots, herbs, seeds, etc. the which the Physician will show you. To make Fomentations and bags. A Fomentation against the Pleurisy. TAke Mallows, Marsh Mallows, Pellitory, Sage, Isope, March, Violets, Camomile and Mellilote flowers, of each a handful; cleanse the said herbs and wash them, and boil them in sufficient quantity of water, and towards the latter end pour a quarter of a pint of white wine, then press and strain them all, putting the decoction into a pipkin, and put into it to soak a sponge or double linen cloth, with the which you foment and bathe the party affected; then when it begins to be cold squeeze and do as before. Bags or Cataplasms for the same. These two bags 6. pence. TAke the said herbs and flowers, cut them very small, and put to them an ounce of Linseeds, and as much Faenugrecke bruised, then put them in an old cloth white and clean, the length and breadth as shall require, than few it with thread, and boil it in milk or water, and when the party is well bathed with the former decoction, apply one of these bags very hot, and squeeze them upon the grief, and when that begins to be cold, put one the other. A Fomentation Resolative and Emollient. TAke Mallows, Marsh Mallows with their roots, of each a handful, Sage, Hyssop, of each two handfuls, Camomile and Mellilote flowers of each half a handful, Linseeds, Anniseeds, Fenill seeds, and Faenugrecke, of each half an ounce bruised; prepare them as is written before, and boil them insufficient quantity of water to a pint, strain it and put half of it in a hogs bladder, and tie it one the top, and apply it one the grief, and when it begins to be cold, lay the other half being in a bladder upon the same place, putting the other into a vessel to be hot against that which is on cools. And if you have no bladders, then bathe it with sponges or double linen clothes, and if you will make bags of the ingredients, put them between two clothes as before. An Anodine Fomentation. TAke a pint of new milk, and foment with it as before mentioned. Bags for the poor. TAke three or four handfuls of Bran, This 2. pence. fry it in a frying pan, putting to it a little wine that it be not to dry; then put it betwixt two clothes, and apply them one after another as before. Bags for the grief of the stomach. TAke two handfuls of wormwood, cut it in little bits; as much Rose leaves, and put them betwixt two clothes, and boil them in wine, water, or oxicrate, and apply them one after another as before: you may also put to them a little Isope. A Cataplasm for Apostumes and tumors. TAke three or four lily roots, This Cataplasm 4. pence. wrap them in a Colewort leaf, and roast them upon the hot cinders, then take them and beat them in a mortar, and put to them a piece of fresh Butter. Take a part of this Cataplasm hot, and spread it upon a linen cloth, and apply it upon the tumors if it be either pestilential or common. This Cataplasm is of little price, Note. but it is an excellent thing against all sorts of pestilential and other Apostumes, changing it twice a day. Note. If in malignant tumors you will mix with it a dram or two of Venice Treacle, you will make it very good. An Emollient and Remolitive Cataplasm. This 8. pence. TAke Mallows, Marsh Mallows, with their roots, Pellitory, Violets, Camomile, and Mellilote flowers, of each a handful; one Lily root, ●aenugrecke, and Linseeds of each an ounce; wash and prepare them, and boil them according to order in three pints of water, until it be almost boiled all away, then strain it through a sieve, and pulp the ingredients through as you do your Cassia, the which being pulp you shall dissolve in it a piece of fresh Butter or a little Oil or Suet; if you please you may put to it some Bean meal or Bran, and then put in your Su●t or Oil. A Cataplasm for Gangrenes and Pestilent boils. This 4. pence. TAke fresh Butter or oil of Olives an ounce, as much good honey, and the yolk of an egg, and a little Beane flower, first melt your Butter, or heat your oil, then mix in it the yolk of a egg and the honey, and afterwards the flower, and your Cataplasm is ready to use. To make Linements. This 2. pence. TAke an ounce of fresh Butter, Cinnamon, or Nutmeg, in powder a dram, melt the Butter and mix in it the powder, and the Linement is done. Another. This 4. pence. TAke two ounces of oil of Roses, and a dram of Cinnamon, and as much of Cloves in powder and prepare them as before. If you will make these Linements into ointments, Note. you must dissolve in the said oil or butter a piece of yellow wax. An excellent ointment for a burn, made by a charitable Gentlewoman in France. TAke a pennyworth of yellow wax, and a pennyworth of oil of Olives, cut the wax very small, and melt it with the Oil, then take it from the fire, and mix with it two yolks of eggs, and beat it together until it cometh to an ointment. To use it, you must take a little of the said ointment, and spread it upon a linen cloth as thin as can be, then lay it upon the place being burnt, and in little time it will heal any burn, changing of it twice a day. The said Gentlewoman had always of it ready by her, and gave it to all that came to demand it of her. To make a refreshing Cerat, and of a good odour. TAke an ounce of white virgin's wax, This Cerat 9 pence. and four ounces of oil of Olives, cut the wax in small pieces and melt it with the Oil, then let it stand till it be cold, then beat and wash it fifteen or sixteen times with fair water, until the ointment cometh as white as Snow, then after that wash it three or four times with Rose water to give it a good smell, and put it into an earthen pot or other vessel convenient with Rose water, that it may be more refreshing and more sweet. To make Colyrium or Eye-waters. A Colyrium against gravel or any filth in the eyes: This Colyrium 2. pence. TAke three spoonfuls of white wine, and as much water; the weight of a crown of Aloes hepatic: in powder, mix them together and make a Colyrium, and with some soft linen clothes wash and bathe the eyes, and soak the clothes in the said liquor, and lay upon the eyes. A Colyrium for the pain of the eyes. This 1. penny. TAke the quantity of a little Bean of white Vitreol or Copperas in powder, put it into a saucer with three or four spoonfuls of fair water; the Copperas being melted you shall use it as followeth: Take of this water with the end of your finger, and drop three or four drops into your eye, stirring your eye, that it may run about your eye, this do two or three times a day. A Refrigeretive Colyrium for the beginning of a fluxion or blackness. This 3. pence. TAke Plantain, and rose water, of each three or four spoonfuls, the white of a new laid egg, beat and malaxe them together in a dish, and it is done; in the which being warm soak linen rags and bind about the forehead and the eye round, the same side you may also use Plantain water alone, or Rose water, or both together. To make Vesicatories. Each Vessicate 1. penny. TAke a dram of the flies called Cancharides beat them in a mortar to powder and mix with it the double quantity of Unguent: Basilicon: and use it; take a little of the said confection and spread it upon a linen cloth or Taffeta and so apply it. Another. TAke half a dram of the said Flies in powder, Each 1. penny. and beat with it three drams of good Leven and put to it a spoonful or two of good vinegar, and use it as before. Another. TAke a dram of good Mustard, Each 1. penny. and half a dram of the said Flies in powder, beat them together in a mortar with half an ounce of leaven and a spoonful of vinegar, and use it as before. Be sure that after you have made these things in in the mortar, that you wash the mortar and pestle with hot water. An excellent preservative against the Plague. TAke a good Citron or Lemon weighing four ounces, cut it in small slices round, than put it into a skillet or other clean vessel, with half a pint of Medow-sweet water, or Cardus, or Scabios water, boil it until all the water be almost consumed, stirring of it still with a spoon for fear of burning; then take it and beat it very well in a Marble mortar with a wooden pestle, beating and adding unto it four ounces of conserveses of red Roses, & two drams of good Venice Treacle, and as much of confection of Hyacinth: all being well mixed together, put them into a galley-pot, and take every morning the quantity of a dram upon the point of a knife, fasting two hours after: and let children take the quantity of half a dram; as soon as you have swallowed it, drink a good glass of oxicrat, or three parts of water and one of Wine: And when you fear you have caught some evil infection, dissolve twenty grains of the said Treacle in oxicrat, or in wine and water, and keep yourself warm. Washings for the legs and feet to provoke sleep. This 6. pence. TAke ten or twelve Lettuces, five or six handfuls of Vine leaves, five or six Poppy heads; being broken and cut, boil them all together in a sufficient quantity of water; being boiled take it from the fire and pour them into a large vessel, where let the party wash and bathe his legs and feet the space of half an hour, beginning above, and so bathing downwards with the said ingredients, then let there be warm linen clothes bound about the party's legs and feet and so put in bed. Of Baths. EVery one knoweth now adays to make and prepare Baths, and half Baths of hot water; therefore I will not speak of this much, but only this; many times according to diverse diseases the Physicians prescribe many sorts of Baths, made with roots, seeds, herbs, etc. which being well boiled are poured into a large vessel for the party to bathe with. Touching the Hothouses or dry Baths, any Physician will direct you to them. A Treatise or Catalogue of those Instruments which the rich aught to have in their houses. FIrst two syringes or bladders fitted with pipes to give Clysters, the one for great folks, and the other for children: A little brass pot to keep a Clyster in, and to warm it in. Another bladder and box pipe to lend charitably to the poor. Two sieves, one very fine to strain medicines, and the other to strain decoctions. But in stead of the said sieves you may use white linen clothes fitting. Two pulping sieves, the one to pulp Cassia, Prunes, Tamarinds, etc. And the other to pulpt roots, herbs, etc. for Cataplasms. A set of weights of sixteen ounces in the pound, and a pair of scales to weigh the medicaments. Two Spatuls of iron, one bigger than another. One wooden Spatule. A Marble mortar with a pestle of wood. A brass mortar with an iron pestle or a pestle of the same. A lesser mortar with a pestle as before. Pots, Pipkins, Skillets, Basins, etc. To make Ptisans, decoctions, etc. A Catalogue of those Medicaments which the rich aught to have in their houses. A Pound of good Seen of Levant. Four ounces of good Rhubarb. Four ounces of good Agaricke. Two pound of good Cassia. Half a pound of good Tamarinds. A pound of Electuar: Lenetiv: A pound of good Catholicon. Four ounces of Diaphaenicum: Four ounces of Benedict: Laxat: Four ounces of Hiera Diacolocynthid. Four ounces of Diaprun: Laxat: Half a pound of Lozenges of Diacarthami: A quantity of Pills of three or four sorts. Four pound of good common honey. A pound of honey of Roses. A pound of honey of Violets. A pound of honey of Mercury. Two pound of red Sugar. Three or four pound of fine Sugar. Half a pound of Syrup of Poppies. A pound of Syrup of Violets. A pot of Syrup of Maidenhair. Half a pound of Syrup of Quinces. Half a pound of Syrup of Mulberries. A pound of Syrup of Damask Roses. Half a pound of Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb. A peck of French Barley. Four ounces of Anniseeds. Four ounces of Fenill seeds. A pound of Linseeds. A pound of Faenugrecke. Four ounces of each of the greater cold seeds. Four ounces of Lettuce seeds. Four ounces of white Poppy seeds. Four ounces of Cardus seeds. An ounce of common Pepper. Nutmegs and Cloves of each an ounce. Four ounces of Cinnamon. A pound of sweet Almonds. An ounce of Pellitory. Four ounces of Azarum root. Four ounces of Mastic. Half an ounce of Vitriole or Copperas. Four ounces of Sal gem. Three or four pound of good Liquorish. Half a pound of red Rose leaves and as many Violets. Camomile and Mellilote flowers of each a sufficient quantity. Four ounces of raspt Hartshorn. A pint of Rose water: A pint of Plantain water: A pint of Carduus water. A pint of vinegar of Roses. Two ounces of confect: Hyacinth. Two or three ounces of good Treacle. An ounce of confection Alkermes. A dram of good Bezoar. Four ounces of yellow wax. Four ounces of white wax. Three ounces of unquen: Populeon. Three ounces of unguen: Rosat. Four ounces of Venice Turpentine. Two pound of oil of Olives. A pound of oil of Roses. A pound of oil of Violets. A pound of oil of Quinces. Oil of Camomile, Lilies, Rue and Walnuts of each a pound. A Charitable and notable advertisement to the public. IT is necessary for all sorts of people to keep by them a syringe or bladder, and pipe to give Clysters, and to make or cause to be made the said Clysters in their houses; for what disease soever happeneth or ariveth there, is nothing so proper at the first as a Clyster; but if your servant or any other unto you belonging, should give a Clyster to any one sick of the Plague, Pox, Measells, Purples, Dissentery, small Pox, Ulcers, Sores, Boyles, or any other pestiferous disease; or should lend it to any that should do the like, and come and give you a Clyster with the same pipe without washing and cleansing any of the said dicases, would be upon you in less than an hour after, and to all your family; therefore see the pipe well warmed, washed and cleansed, before you take the said Clyster, and lend your pipe to none but to those that you know very well. THE PRICE AND VALVE OF MEDICAments as well Simple as compounded which are used in PHYSIC By Philbert Guibert Esquire Doctor Regent in the faculty of Physic in Paris in France. The Price of Medicaments Simple as they are sold at the Druguists. l. s. d. A Cassia the pound 0 4 2 A Corus the pound 0 10 0 Agaricke the pound 0 18 0 Aloes the pound 0 12 0 Roche Alum the pound 0 3 0 Bitter Almonds the pound 0 1 0 Sweet Almonds the pound 0 0 6 Ambergris the dram 0 10 0 Yellow Amber the pound 0 2 6 Angelica the pound 0 6 8 Anniseeds the pound 0 0 10 Quicksilver the pound 0 4 0 Aristolochia round the pound 0 1 0 Aristolochia long the pound 0 1 0 Asarum the pound 0 2 6 Assa faetida the pound 0 4 0 Bayberries' the pound 0 0 6 Myrtle Berries the pound 0 1 0 Bdellium the pound 0 6 0 Been Alum the pound 0 1 8 Been Rubr: the pound 0 1 6 Benjamin the pound 0 6 0 Berberis the pound 0 0 8 Bezoar the ounce 2 10 0 Bithumeis judaic: the pound 0 4 0 Lign: Aloes the pound 1 4 0 Bol Armoniacke pound 0 1 4 Borax the pound 0 6 0 CAlamus Aromat the pound 0 1 0 Camphor the pound 0 6 0 Cantharideses the ounce 0 2 6 Cardamom majus the pound 0 4 0 Cardamom minus the pound 0 0 8 Carpobalsamum the ounce 0 0 6 Cassia the pound 0 4 6 Castoreum the ounce 0 1 0 Caeruse the pound 0 0 6 White wax the pound 0 1 4 Yellow wax the pound 0 1 8 China the pound 0 12 0 Colocynthidos the pound 0 6 0 Colophonia the pound 0 0 4 Red Coral the pound 0 4 6 White Coral the pound 0 3 6 Cortex radic: Cappar: the pound 0 2 6 Cortex radic: Tamarisc the pound 0 2 0 Cortex media fraxin: the pound 0 1 2 Cortex guaiaci the pound 0 0 8 White Costus the pound 0 6 0 Cremor tartar the pound 0 8 0 Crystal mineral the pound 0 2 6 Cubebes the pound 0 5 0 Cyperus roots the pound 0 1 4 DAtes the pound 0 1 6 Dictaum: Crets the pound 0 8 0 White Ellebor the pound 0 0 9 Black Ellebor the pound 0 2 0 Olibanum the pound 0 2 6 Common Frankincense the pound 0 0 4 Epithymum the pound 0 2 6 Candied Citron peel the pound 0 3 6 Euphorbium the pound 0 1 6 FEnill seeds the pound 0 1 2 Staechadoes the pound 0 1 8 Folium Indum the ounce 0 1 6 Fragments of precious stones, of Emerauds, Grinads, Saphires, and Topaz each of them an ounce 0 1 0 GVaicum the pound 0 0 2 Galbanum a pound 0 6 0 Galingall the pound 0 6 0 Gum: Armoniacke the pound 0 2 8 Gum: Arabic the pound 0 0 10 Gum: Dragant the pound 0 0 10 Grana tinctor: i. Kermes the pound 0 6 0 HErmodacti the pound 0 1 4 Hypocystis the pound 0 4 6 IAlap the pound 0 7 10 Ireos of Florence the pound 0 1 8 jujubes the pound 0 1 4 juncus odoratus the pound 0 6 0 LAbdanum the pound 0 3 6 Gum-Lacke the pound 0 6 0 Lapis Calaminaris the pound 0 2 0 Lapis hematicis the pound 0 10 0 Lapis Lazuli the pound 0 1 8 Lapis spongiae the pound 0 0 6 Litarge of gold the pound 0 0 6 Litarge of silver the pound 0 0 6 Lupius the pound 0 1 4 MAnna Calabrin the pound 0 12 0 Mastic the pound 0 8 0 Mechoachan the pound 0 7 8 Minium the pound 0 0 10 Myrrh the pound 0 12 0 Musk the dram 0 15 0 NVx indica the pound 0 1 6 Cyprus Nuts the pound 0 0 10 Galls the pound 0 0 8 OPium the pound 0 12 0 Opibalsamum the pound 0 6 8 Opoponax the pound 0 10 0 Orpiment the pound 0 1 4 PEnedes the pound 0 1 6 Navel pitch the pound 0 0 3 Burgundy pitch the pound 0 0 6 Pistaches the pound 0 1 6 Polipodie the pound 0 0 8 Long pepper the pound 0 5 0 Piretrum the pound 0 2 6 Roots of Esula the pound 0 2 6 Liquorish the pound 0 1 2 Rhubarb the pound 1 8 0 SAffron the pound 1 12 0 Sagapaenum the pound 0 8 0 Dragon's blood the pound 0 2 0 White Sanders the pound 0 1 4 Red Sanders the pound 0 1 4 Yellow Sanders the pound 0 6 0 Sarsaparilla the pound 0 6 0 Sassafras the pound 0 1 8 Scamonie the pound 0 10 0 Sqults the pound 0 1 3 Sebestens the pound 0 1 4 Sal gem the pound 0 1 4 Sal niter the pound 0 1 2 Seeds of Agnus Castus the ounce 0 0 3 Seeds of Ameos the pound 0 6 0 Seeds of Bombas the pound 0 1 8 Seeds of daucus Greticus the pound 0 2 0 Seeds of Levistici the pound 0 0 4 Seeds of Eruca the pound 0 1 0 Seeds of Seseleos the pound 0 0 6 Wormeseeds the pound 0 6 0 Carthamus seeds the pound 0 1 4 Faenugrecke the pound 0 0 4 Linseeds the pound 0 0 6 Seeds of pearl the ounce 0 5 0 Seine the pound 0 4 6 Brimstone the pound 0 0 4 Styrax Calamit the pound 0 6 8 Styrax liquid the pound 0 3 4 White juice of Liquorish the pound 0 2 0 Black juice of Liquorish the pound 0 1 8 Sumach the pound 0 0 6 Spica Celtica the pound 0 6 0 Spica Indica the pound 0 8 0 TAlc of Venice the pound 0 0 10 Venice Turpentine the pound 0 0 6 Common Turpentine the pound 0 0 8 Tamarinds the pound 0 1 4 Terra Sigillat the pound 0 10 0 Turbith the pound 0 10 0 VErdegrease the pound 0 2 0 Viscus quercin the pound 0 0 8 Xilobalsamum the pound 0 6 0 Zedoaria the pound 0 10 0 For the value of roots, herbs, and other such like you may have them cheap at the Herborists. The price of Medicaments compounded, and first of Syrups. SYrup of Violets is made diverse ways, but principally in three: The first which is the best, is made as followeth. Make three infusions of a pound of Violets picked at a time, in four pints and a half of water, and the last infusion being strained and pressed, dissolve in it five pound and a half of fine Sugar and it is done; and there will be seven pound of Syrup. The three pound of Violet flowers picked cometh to six shillings, the Sugar seven shillings ten pence fire sixteen pence: sum twenty two shillings and six pence. The seven pound of Syrup abating for the loss, cometh to six pound four ounces, the ounce cometh to two pence three farthings. The second manner to make Syrup of Violets. TAke four ounces of juice of Violets for each pound of Sugar, boiled almost as thick as to make Lozenges, abating the scum and loss there will be eighteen ounces, which cometh to two pence half penny the ounce. The third manner. TAke a pound of Sugar boiled to the consistence, and pass it through a linen cloth upon four ounces of Violets well beaten in a marble mortar, the Violets lying upon the cloth; and it cometh to two pence the ounce. Syrup of Colt's foot. MAke three infusions one after another of Colts-foot, each time half a pound in a quart of water; the last infusion being strained, clarify it, and put into it a pound and a half of good Sugar, and boil it to the height of a Syrup: The which Syrup amounteth to penny half penny the ounce. Syrup of Damask Roses. THere are made nine infusions of Rose leaves, a pound each time, in five pints of water; the last infusion being strained, clarify with it four pound of good Sugar and boil it as aforesaid? it amounteth to two pence an ounce. Syrup of Poppies Simple. MAke an Infusion of seven ounces and a half of white Poppy heads, and as many black heads; twenty four hours in four pints of water, boil it until it cometh to a pint and a half; Then strain it and boil in it half a pound of Sugar, and as many Sugar pellets, the ounce penny half penny. Syrup of red Poppies. MAke an Infusion of half a pound of red Poppy flowers three times, a quart of water half a pound each time; the last infusion being strained put to it a pound and a half of Sugar, and four ounces of Sugar of Roses; the ounce amounteth to three half pence. Syrup of water Lilies: MAke three Infusions of water Lillie flowers or leaves a pound at each time in four pints of water; the last infusion being strained, boil with it four pound of Sugar to the height. The ounce cometh to a penny. Syrup of Maidenhair. IT is made by boiling and infusing the simples in five pints of water, than it is strained and clarified with four pound of Sugar, the ounce a penny. Syrup of five Roots. THere is a decoction made with the roots, cleansed in sufficient quantity of water, and boiled to four pints, then strained, and with three pound of Sugar it is made into a Surup: the ounce a penny. Syrup of Marsh Mallows. A Decoction is made with the roots, herbs, fruits, and seeds, in sufficient quantity of water, boiled to four pints, in the which is clarified and boiled to the height three pound of Sugar; and the Syrup cometh to three half pence the ounce. Syrup of Succory compounded with Rhubarb. THe decoction is made of herbs, roots, seeds, etc. according to art, and strained, in the which is put six pound of Sugar, and being boiled to the height, there is stirred and tied in it six ounces of Rhubarb and an ounce of Spikenard or Cinnamon, the which Syrup amounteth to three pence an ounce. Syrup of Succory Simple. TAke four pints of the said decoction, and boil and clarify with it as much Sugar, which cometh to three half pence the ounce. Syrup of Endive simple. Boil with eight pound of the juice of Endive dispumd and clarified five pound of sugar, the ounce a penny. Syrup of Femmatorie: Two pound of the juice clarified and despumed, boiled with as much Sugar maketh the Syrup, which cometh to penny the ounce. Syrup of the juice of bugloss. IN six pound of the juice of bugloss, boil a pound of the flowers, then strain them, and clarify them, boil with the decoction four pound of Sugar, and the Syrup cometh to two pence the ounce. Syrup of Vinegar. Boil four pints of fountain water, with five pound of fine Sugar; and when it is half consumed, scum it, and pour in by little and little three pound or pints of good white Wine vinegar, boiling it to the consistence of a Syrup, the which amounteth to a penny an ounce. Syrup of Mulberries. TAke a pound and a half of the juice of Mulberries, and boil with it two pound of honey, scum it well, and make it into a Surup of one penny the ounce. Boil four pound of the juice of Quinces, with three pound of Sugar, the ounce one penny half penny: Syrup of Apples Simple. Four pound of the juice of Apples clarified, with three pound of Sugar, which cometh to a penny. Syrup of Apples compounded. IN five pound of the juice, there is put to infuse four ounces of Seine, and half an ounce of Anniseeds twenty four hours, then strained and clarified with three pound of good Sugar, which cometh to two pence the ounce. Syrup of Mints simple. THree pound of the juice clarified, and boiled with as much Sugar, the ounce amounteth to six pence. Syrup of dried Roses. THere is infused three or four ounces of dry Rose leaves in a pint and a half of water, the space of twenty four hours, than it is boiled a little and strained, in the which is boiled a pound of Sugar, the ounce a penny▪ julep of Roses. Boil four ounces of good Sugar, with eight ounces of Rose water to the height of a julep which is but a little boiled, the ounce a penny. Syrup of Wormwood: AN infusion is made of the simples in two pints and a half of white Wine, and as much juice of Quinces; the which being boiled and clarified, there is put to it two pound of Sugar, and made into a Syrup, the ounce two pence half penny. Syrup of Staechados. A Decoction made with the simpler in ten pints of water, and boiled to five pints, then strain it, and clarify it, and boil with it two pound of Sugar, and as much honey, being well scummed and Aromatized with Cinnamon, Ginger, and Aromat: Rosat: the ounce two pence. Syrup of Liquorish. AN Infusion made with the ingredients, mentioned in four pints of water; and the decoction being boiled to three pints, there is mixed with it Sugar, honey, and pennedes, or sugar pellets, the ounce amounting to a penny an ounce. Syrup of jujubes: Amounteth to sixteen pence a pound, or a penny an ounce. Syrup of Isope to eighteen pence the pound, or three half pence the ounce. Syrup of Horehound to eighteen pence a pound. Oximell simplex amounteth to eighteen pence a pound. Oximell Squillitic: or honey of Squills: the ounce three half pence or eighteen pence the pound. Oximell compounded, amounteth to sixteen pence a pound, or a penny an ounce. Vinegar of Squills, amounteth to sixteen pence the pound. Scumed Honey or dispumd: eight pence the pound. Honey of Roses, eighteen pence a pound, three half pence an ounce. Honey of Violets and Mercury, sixteen pence a a pound. Conserves. Conserve of Violets two shillings eight pence the pound, or two pence the ounce. Conserve of Roses eighteen pence the pound, three half pence the ounce. Conserves of bugloss, Borage, Betony, and Rosemary flowers, each of them two shillings eight pence a pound, or two pence an ounce. Electuaries. Electuar: Diacassia: amounteth to six pence the ounce, or eight shillings the pound. Electuar: Lenitive, amounteth to five shillings and a groat a pound, that is a groat an ounce. Diacatholicon, as the Electuar: Lenitive. Diaprunes, amounteth to four shillings the pound, or three pence an ounce. Electuar: Diaphaenicon, amounteth to four shillings the pound: Benedict: Laxat: amounteth to four shillings the pound, or three pence an ounce. Confect Hamech, amounteth to five shillings four pence the pound, that is a groat an ounce. Hiera Picra, amounteth to six pence an ounce. Hiera Diacolocynthidos pachij: amounteth to three pence an ounce. Of Electuaries solid. Diacarthami, amounteth to four pence an ounce. Electuar: de succo rosar: or of juice of roses, amounteth to four pence an ounce. Electuar: de Citro solutiv: amounteth to two pence the dram, that is sixteen pence an ounce. Of Pills. Stomach pills amounteth to ten pence the dram. Pillul: Ruffi: amounteth to sixteen pence the dram. Mastic pills, amounteth to eighteen pence a dram. Pillul: Imperiales, amounteth to ten pence a dram. Pillul sine quibus, amount to fourteen pence a dram. Pillul: Aureae, amount to three pence a dram. Pillul: Cochiae amount to ten pence a dram. Pillul: Agregativaes, amounteth to three pence a dram. Pillul: Alephanginae, amounteth to three pence a dram. Pillul: de Cinoglosso, amounteth to two pence a dram. Of Powders and Lozenges. Powder of Diamargarit: frigid: amounts to three pence the dram. Lozenges of Diamargarit. frigid: amounts to four pence an ounce. That to make Lozenges, you must put an ounce of powder for a pound of Sugar. Manus Christi, amounteth to three pence the ounce. Powder of Elect: Dianthos, amounteth to three pence an ounce. Powder of Elect: pleres Archontic: amounteth to two ponce a dram. Powder of Diatragagant. frig: amounteth to six pence a dram. Powder of Elect: Diacalamint: amounteth to four pence a dram. Powder of Elect: Diambra, amounts to six pence the dram. Powder of Elect: de gemmis, amounteth to eight pence a dram. Powder of Electu. Aromat. Rosat: amouth to three pence a dram. Powder of Elect: Diarrhodon abbatis, the dram amounteth to a penny. Powder of the three Sanders, amounteth to ten pence a dram. Powder of Electuar: Diamoschum, amounteth to three pence the dram. Antidotes. Philonium magnum, amounteth to six pence an ounce. Requies Nicolai, amounteth to four pence an ounce. Treacle and Mythridat, eight pence an ounce, Confect: de Alkermes and Hyacinth: each of them two shillings six pence an ounce. Trochisques. Trochisque of Vipers, amounteth to two shillings eight pence the ounce. Trochisque Hedicroi: amounteth to sixteen pence a dram. Trochisques of Squills, amounteth to three pence an ounce. Trochisches' of Cipheos, the ounce amounteth to five pence. Trochisques of Capers, amounteth to six pence a dram. Trochisques of Agrimony, amounts to a penny a dram. Trochisque of Diarrhod: abbot: amounteth to two pence a dram. Trochisque of Alkekengi, amounteth to two pence a dram. The Trochisq: of Myrrh amounteth to a penny a dram. Trochis: of terra Lemnia, amounteth to a penny an ounce. Trochis: of Camphor, amounteth to a penny a dram. Trochis: of Gallia Moschat: amounteth to a groat a dram. Trochis: of Alipt: Moschat: amounteth to three pence a dram. Of Distilled Waters. Rose water sixteen pence a pint. Treacle water an ounce six pence. cinnamon water an ounce four pence. Of Roses. Oil of Roses a penny an ounce. Oil of Violets two pence an ounce. Oil of white Lilies, dill, Rue, Margerum; each of them two pence, or a penny an ounce. Of Ointments and Plasters. Ointments and plasters are of diverse prices as sixteen or eighteen pence a pound, and two shillings and three pence, or four shillings the pound. FINIS. THE CHARITABLE APOTHECARY. SHOWING TO make Medicaments compounded with great ease and in little time. Written in French by Philbert Guibert Doctor Regent in the faculty of Physic in Paris. Translated out of French into English, By I. W. LONDON, Printed by Thomas Harper, 1639. THE CHARITABLE APOTHECARY. The first Treatise. CHAP. I. A Catalogue of all Instruments necessary to furnish an Apothecary. FIrst of all; a great Mortar of Brass weighing fifty or sixty pound or more, with a pestle of iron: A little Mortar weighing five or six pound, with a pestle of the same matter. A middle sizd mortar of Marble, with a pestle of wood, and a stone mortar with the same pestle. A great Bistort with a lesser. A Rouler to roll Tablets and Lozenges. Two great Spatules of iron, two middle sizd, and two little ones. A square of wood, with a nail at each corner to hold the strainers. Two great Copper pans, one to boil decoctions, Syrups, etc. and the other for ointments and plasters. Two little Possnets of Copper. A great Raspe of white Iron, to raspe Apples, Quinces, etc. Two spoons with holes in them, one great, and the other little. Two presses irond with their pins of iron. A Refrigetory to distil waters of Coperas, two or three platters of Iron or Pewter. Seals and Weights. Three or four strainers of a quarter broad hemmed. Three or four blanchets of Cotton hemmed. One or two Hippocras bags. Half a dozen of strong towels, to strain decoctions, juices, etc. A hair sieve covered. Two common pulping sieves, to pulp Tamarinds, Cassia, prunes, etc. Two other searses or sieves to pass bitter things. An iron Furnace. Galley pots, or earthen pots, to keep Conserves, Electuaries, Syrups, Oils, Ointments, etc. Two great Galley pots, and two great earthen pots. Three pipkins, one bigger than another. Two vessels of earth, or of brass to make infusions. A Porphyre stone, with a Mule or rubbing stone. Sufficient quantity of Boxes to put in Medicaments, where one may put diverse in one box. A square piece of wood, the thickness of one thumb a foot square. A Shoemaker's knife. Vessels of glass to keep Cordial powders in. A great iron spoon to prepare Lead and other things: Of any thing else that the Apothecary shall want, the Physician will give him advice. Of Clarification. CHAP. II. The manner to clarify Sugar and Honey: GOod Sugar, which is white, hard, solid, and clear, and of a good smell; ought not to be clarified, for it will yield little or no scum; But for sugar which is not clear, nor hard, shall be clarified as followeth. Take (for example) two pound of Sugar, break it and cut it into small pieces, put it into a pan, and pour upon it a pint of water decoction or infusion to melt it, and while it is a melting, take two whites of eggs with the shells, and beat them very well together in another pan or basin, pouring by little and little into it another pint of water or decoction, which being well beaten together with a whisk or little rod; then take the sugar being melted from the fire, and beat them all together, then put them upon the fire, and when you see the scum rise and it begins to boil, then take it from the fire, and strain it through the blanket made fast to the four corners of the wooden square, with a basin underneath to receive that which is strained. If the said sugar being strained seem not to be clarified enough, you may pass it again through the blanket, and so you may do two or three times, but it must be done while it is hot. When the said sugar is fair enough, one need not take the pains to clarify it for Syrups, etc. but only at the end of their boiling, take them from the fire and scum it with a silver spoon, or with a spoon with holes you may take of the scum. That if you clarify sugar, you must put for each pound of sugar a pint of water decoction or infusion, and one white of an egg with the shell; but if the Sugar be soul, you must put more of the liquor, and more whites of eggs, according to the dampness thereof. That those syrups which are made of juices, are made with good white sugar; as those of Raspas, Quinces, Mulberries, Cherries, and the like: for if they be often clarified, they lose their strength and virtue. Also that to make syrup of Lemons, Granates, and others, you must have of the best sugar, and it must be boiled to the height as you make your sugar of Roses, but if you cannot get that which is very white, you must first clarify it, and then boil it and scum it as is aforesaid. At the end when your sugar is strained, you must not press and squeeze the blanket, but let it strain by little and little until it be all dropped into the rest. For to clarify Honey, take a pound or two, or the quantity you please of the best Honey; put it into a pan with as much water or other liquor, and put it upon the fire, and when it hath boiled a walm or two, strain it through a strong linen cloth; and for every two pound of honey take a white of an egg with the shell; (as is aforesaid in the clarification of Sugar) and the second straining shall be boiled to what consistence the Physician shall see fitting. If the honey be very foul, you must put more liquor and whites of eggs, as is said of Sugar; Note, that when you strain your honey it must be very hot, but the sugar ought to cool a little before you pass it. CHAP. III. The manner to Clarify Decoctions and Infusions a part without Sugar. THE decoctions and infusions ought not to be strained boiling, but half cold before they be passed through the strainer or blanket; as for example, one putteth the white of an egg with the shell upon two pound of decoction or infusion, doing as followeth. Take a white of an egg with the shell, and put it into the pan or basin, and beat it very well with the said whisk or little broom; then put to it half a pint of the said decoction or infusion, beating them very well together; then pour in by little and little the rest of the said infusion or decoction, than put it upon the furnace, and when it hath boiled a walm or two that you see the dirty scum rise, then let it stand until it be half cold, and then pass it thorough the strainer or blanket. That infusions and decoctions are passed but one time through the blanket, for if they be passed any more, they lose a part of their virtue. CHAP. IU. The manner to clarify Apozems with Syruys and also to clarify Whey. THose that are liquorish of Apozems, clarify them in this manner. Take a pint and a half of the decoction of the simples strained; which being clarified with the white of an egg and the shell, put it into a pan upon the furnace, and when it beginneth to boil, put the Syrups into it, and when the scum riseth take it from the fire and let it cool a little, then pass it two or three times through the blanket until it be clear. If you will have your Apozem Aromatic, you may Aromatize it with some Cordial powder as followeth. Before you pass your Apozem, put the powder upon the blanket, and pass the Apozem three or four times, pouring it upon the powder, and your Apozem will be clarified and Aromatized. Know that upon four ounces of decoction you must put an ounce of Syrup, and being passed and repassed there will be wanting a quarter or more. Take twelve pints of Whey, four pound of good Sugar, put them together into a basin or other vessel convenient, the sugar being melted let it boil a walm or two; then put into it four ounces of juice of Lemons boiling it a little longer, then take it from the fire, and being a little cold, pass it three or four times through a white linen cloth, and it will be clear and agreeable. If you have no Whey, you may make it with Milk as followeth. Take three or six pints of Milk, put it into a pipkin or earthen vessel, that done, take a spoonful of strokings and mix it with three or four spoonfuls of the said Milk, then mix it with the Milk and cover the pot with a cover, and let it stand three or four hours upon the hot Coals or Cinders, then take away the Cheeze or Curd, and clarify it as aforesaid. CHAP. V. The manner to draw juices. THe juices of Roots, and of Herbs, of Plantain, Rue, Smalladge, Purslane, Lettuce, Betony, Mercury, and other fresh herbs, are drawn as followeth. The Brass or Stone Morter, being filled with the Roots, or herbs, well cleansed and washed if need require, than beat them very well with an iron or wooden pestle; after they are well beaten put them into a strong linen cloth, tying the cloth on the top with a packthread, and put it into the press and press it very well, having a basin underneath to receive the juice. That when you draw the juice of any other root or herb, you must first wash the mortar, pestle, and press, with hot or cold water, for fear the said root or herb be different in quality, and so loose his virtue; and you must seek always to have your herbs, when they are at their best nature. Also there are certain simples which ought to be beat in the Marble mortar, as shall be written hereafter. CHAP. VI To draw the juice of Quinces. THe Quinces must be rasped with the raspe of iron one after another, for by this means you may draw more juice, then if you beat them in a mortar whole, or in quarters, them put that which is rasped into a cloth, and press it in the press as is showed before: CHAP. VII. To draw the juice of Red and Damask Roses. TAke the flowers of the said Roses, and beat them very well in a Marble mortar, until they be almost in a paste; then put them in a linen cloth and press them. CHAP. VIII. To draw the juice of Gooseberries. THe Gooseberries being beat very well in a Marble mortar, put them into a cloth and press them in the press. CHAP. IX. To draw the juice of Barberries'. THey are drawn in the same manner as the Gooseberries. CHAP. X. To draw the juice of Mulberries. TAke a quantity of Mulberries, beat them, and tie them in a cloth, and press them in the press. CHAP. XI. To draw the juice of Cherries. TAke a quantity of Cherries, and take out the stones and press them as aforesaid. CHAP. XII. To draw the juice of Granates. TAke the Pomegranates, and take away the peel and keep it; which is called Malicorium, and all the rest is put in a cloth and pressed as before. CHAP. XIII: To draw the juice of Citrons and Lemons. CVt the Citrons and Lemons in the middle, and take away the peel, and put the rest in a cloth and press it. Otherwise cut the said Citrons and Lemons in four quarters, and take away the skin peel and seeds and so press it; but because the pulp will never press so well but there will remain some juice, you may put to it a little fresh water, and so press it, and you may use it about what you please. CHAP. XIIII. The manner to Clarify the aforesaid juices. WHen you have drawn the aforesaid juices as is written, you shall put them severally in a double glass, and set them in the Sun or some other place two or three days or more, to the end that they may settle, and all the dreggs may descend to the bottom of the said glass; then take them and pass them severally, very softly through the blanket, that the dregs do not mix with them, and trouble the clear which ought only to pass. And if you will use them presently, you may do as you make Syrups and other Compositions, but if you will keep them, put them into a double glass, filling the glass almost to the neck, then fill up the glass with a little oil of Olives, and stop it, and keep them in a temperate place. And when you will use the foresaid juices, you must take a little Cotton, and put into the mouth of the glass to suck up the oil, and your juice will be clear and clean, which you may pass through the blanket to make it more clearer. The juice of Mulberries is clarified as followeth; being pressed boil it a little in a pan or basin, and being hot pass it by little and little through the blanket: and as soon as it is passed, make it into a Syrup with Sugar. The juice of Cherries is clarified in the Sun, and strained through the blanket; and as soon as it is strained, made into a Syrup as it is written in the Treatise of Syrups. CHAP. XV. To draw the juice of Apples and to Clarify it. RAspe the Apples one after another, as the Quinces, and draw the juice of the same fashion; the which being drawn, boil it a little, and strain it through the blanket, and that which is strained put into a glass, and set it in the Sun that the dreggs may go to the bottom, and then strain it again through the blanket, and make Syrup. If you will keep the said juice of Apples, put it into a double glass and put some oil upon it. Note, that in Winter the said juices ought to be kept in the Cellar. CHAP. XVI. The manner to boil Sugar to the consistence; to make Sugar of Roses. Boil a pound of Sugar, or what quantity you please, that is to say to a pound of Sugar, half a pint of water into the consistence or height which you shall know by these signs following. First, the sum that riseth from the sugar in the skillet or other vessel will be very little, when the sugar is almost boiled. Secondly, taking a little up upon the end of the spatule, and throwing it upon the ground, a little of it will fly away, and that which is one ground doth not cleave thereto: Also you may know by putting a little upon a trencher and let it cool; also in taking a little upon the end of the spatule or spoon, and pouring it down, maketh a long thread by those signs, you may know when it is boiled to the consistence, you shall know also when it is half cold by the thickness of it. CHAP. XVII. To boil Sugar to make Tablets or Lozenges with powders. TO make the said Lozenges or Tablets, if you have not of the best Sugar, take some middling Sugar, and when it is almost boiled, scum it very well; this Sugar must not be boiled to that height as the Sugar of Roses, you may know when it is enough by taking a little upon the Spatule or upon a trencher, and it groweth thick and doth not run, but yet it sticks to the trencher; also if you take a little upon the end of the spatule, it maketh a thread but not so long as that of Sugar of Roses. And to tell you in one word, you must have judgement to judge of the boiling thereof, for sometimes there is put two dams of powder, for two ounces of Sugar, and sometimes a dram for two ounces. CHAP. XVIII. To boil Sugar and Honey to the height to make Electuaries. TAke the decoction or infusion with the Sugar, and boil them upon a charcoal fire well kindled to the height that it ought to be boiled unto. The which you shall know by taking a little upon the end of the spatule or silver spoon, and putting it upon a trencher, which being cold, will not scarce run without you stir it with your fingers, which will be very glutinous. Also when it stayeth upon the spoon or spatule, and will not run, but drop out in little bits as it were. The honey will be boiled also in the same fashion, preparing it as follows. The honey being clarified as is written in the first Chapter of this Treatise, and boiled to the height which you shall know by taking a little and putting it upon a trencher and it stay upon the trencher being cold and doth not run; then take it from the fire and use it, or if you will keep it, let it be a little cold, and then put it into a pot fitting, and tie a paper over it being pricktfull of small holes with a needle, that no dirt nor flies get into it, and when it is cold tie it over with a double paper, and keep it in a temperate place, and when you will use it, you need but weigh the quantity you shall need and heat it in a skillet or vessel fitting for the same. CHAP. XIX. Infusions to make Syrups. FOr to make Infusions of Syrups which are made of flowers, you must put for each pint of water four ounces of flowers, as you shall see written hereafter; the infusions must be made in pipkins, or vessels of pewter, or silver, having narrow mouths that they may be covered, and not in vessels of Copper or Brass. That the vessel which the infusions are made in aught to be stopped, Note. that the medicaments lose not their virtue by exhalation. Also that in making many infusions one after another, as in Syrups, Note. it is necessary that the first infusion should be made with boiling water poured upon them, and the others which follow only warmed. CHAP. XX. To know when Syrups are boiled enough. NOte that to make Syrups with infusions or decoctions, there is put sometimes three parts of Sugar to a quantity of infusion or decoction, as for example three quarterns of Sugar to a pint of infusion or decoction; also there be those Syrups that are put as much Sugar as decoction, and some not so much, therefore this is no general rule. The Syrups ought to be boiled softly upon the furnace upon a charcoal fire, taking it from the fire when it is boiled, and scumming of it with a pierced spoon or silver spoon. When the Syrup beginneth to boil, the fume will go out very strong; but when it is boiled or near being boiled, you shall see the fume very well diminished. To know better, take a little upon the spoon or spatule and let it fall, and if it make a thread it is boiled. Also in taking a little between the thumb and one of the fingers it maketh a thread it is enough, or in putting a little upon a trencher, and it runneth drop by drop and maketh a thread. And when it is boiled, take it from the fire and let it cool in the basin, than put it into a pot and cover it with a paper full of holes made with a needle, that nothing falleth into it, and when it is cold cover it with a double paper, and keep it in a temperate place. CHAP. XXI. To Remedy Syrups that are to much boiled, and those which are to little, and those which are Candied. IF the Syrups be to much boiled, put a little of the decoction, or infusion, or juice, the which it is made with, and let it boil a little to come to the true height. If they be not boiled enough, you must put them upon the fire and boil them to their consistence; for those Syrups which are candied, you must warm some of the decoction or juice that it is made with, and pour it into the Candy, and so dissolve that which is candied, and boil it to the height. CHAP. XXII. To draw the pulp of dates for Electuar: Diaphaenic: TAke ten ounces of good new Dates, take the skin away with your knife and the little white skin which is within side and put away the stones, then cut them into small pieces, and put them into a skillet or other vessel pouring upon them five ounces of water or more, and let them stand in soak three days in winter in the chimney corner, but in summer in some place from the fire, and when they have been in infusion three days take them up, and put them into a Marble mortar and beat them very well into a paste soluble, then pulp them through a sieve as you do your Cassia, with a vessel underneath to receive that which is pulped or passed: CHAP. XXIII. To draw the pulps of Cassia, prunes, and Tamarinds, and to prepare them for molutive Electuaries. EAch one knoweth how to pulp and pass the Cassia by a common sieve. For to draw the pulps of prunes in their times and seasons; you shall take sweet Damask prunes, or in their stead sweet plumbs the quantity you please, boil them in sufficient quantity of water till they be boiled enough. Then pulp them through a sieve, and put under them a vessel to receive the pulp, putting to them a little liquor, and if you have not of the liquor, take a little warm water. To draw pulp of Tamarinds do as followeth: take what quantity of Tamarinds you please, put them into a Marble mortar, and beat them well with warm water or decoction, then pulp them through a sieve as aforesaid. Note. That when the said pulpes of Tamarinds and of Prunes are passed, there will remain some humidity, which hath been put to them in the passing of them; wherefore you must put them several in a pewter dish or platter upon a chaffing dish of coals, stirring it together until all the humidity be consumed, so you may do with Cassia, etc. if you put liquor to them, for otherwise they will spoil the Electuaries which they enter into, and make them musty. That done you may weigh the dose that enters into the Electuary, and keep the best for another use. CHAP. XXIII. Of Medicaments which are put into powder, and first of Sennae. TAke half a pound of the best Sennae, cleanse it from the stalks and naughty leaves if there be any, and for every ounce of the said Sennae, put a dram of Fenill or Anniseeds, and beat them to powder as followeth. First, put your Fenill or Anniseeds which be the Correctives into the mortar, and beat them very well, and when they are well beaten put in your Sennae; and when they be well beaten together put them into a lawn scarse covered, and searse them, and that which remaineth put into the mortar and beat it again, and then searse it, and so do while you have searsed it all, but if there be half an ounce or so left, you may keep it to make some medicine. It is good to have five or six ounces in a box ready in powder to use when there is occasion, as to make pills, powders, Electuaries, or such like, it will keep half a year together in powder. That in Electuaries, pills, Note. etc. it is written hereafter of the quantity of Senae; you must understand the said Senae with the Correctives. CHAP. XXIIII. The manner to dry certain Medicaments, which are afterwards put in powder. ROses, Violets, and Saffron, if they be too moist, and not dry enough, they shall be dried in the Sun or before the fire enclosed in a paper, and turning the paper first one side, and then the other, that they may dry one every side and be not burned, after that beat them easily in powder in the mortar. Those herbs and roots which are not dry enough, must be put into the Oven after the Bread is taken out, laying them that they do not burn. Otherwise, some certain time before you use them, tie them in little bundles and hang them in the air in the shade to dry. CHAP. XXV. How to put in powder, Aloes, Myrrh, Rhubarb, Saffron, and Assafaetida. THese foresaid medicaments are put in powder severally; therefore before you put them into powder, you must put two or three drops of oil of Olives into the bottom of the mortar, according to the quantity of the medicament which you will put in powder, then stir it about with the bottom of the pestle, and put in the medicament, which you easily put into powder, without either sticking to pestle or mortar. For the Rhubarb, before you put it in powder, it is not amiss to cut it into small pieces, and then it will powder the easier and better, and you need not pass it through a sieve or searse. The Assafaetida, if it be dry, is put in powder in the same manner. If the Aloes be droffie or foul after it is in powder, pass it through the sieve, which is to pass bitter ingredients, and so you may do by any other medicament, passing them in sieves proper for the same. CHAP. XXVI. The manner to powder Scammony. IT is made into fine powder, anointing the bottom of the pestle and mortar with a little oil; but it must not be passed by any sieve or searse, as is written before of the Rhubarb. CHAP. XXVII. To put Mastic in powder. BEfore you put your Mastic in the mortar, pick it, and put into the mortar a little Rose water or common water, and if there be need, pulse it through a sieve covered. CHAP. XXVIII. To put Trochisques of Agaricke in powder. THey must be put in powder according to the same manner as the Mastic, wetting the bottom of the mortar with a little Rose water or common water; but they must not be scarsed. That the mortar is anointed and wetted with Rose water, common water, or oil, because the powder shall not stick to the mortar, nor lose by exhalation. CHAP. XXIX. To put Camphor in powder. TAke a scruple of white starch, which you shall beat into powder, then put to it a good dram of Camphor and beat them easily together into powder. Also take two or three sweet Almonds, peel them with your knife, and beat them in the mortar, and put to them a dram of Camphor. CHAP. XXX. To put Cinnamon in powder. CInnamon is put in powder, by beating two or three Almonds in the mortar because it should not lose the sent, and being in powder is searsed through a sieve, as is written in the twenty three Chapter. CHAP. XXXI. Of the Infusion of Oils. FOr each pound of oil, there is commonly put four ounces of leaves or flowers as is showed in the Treatise of oils, excepting some which are compounded. CHAP. XXXII. To know when Oils are boiled enough. THe infusion or infusions of oils being made, are put to boil in a vessel as is spoken of before upon the furnace with the fire well kindled; you shall know when they are boiled by the humidity, that the oils draw from the virtue of the simples is all exhaled or vanished away; then take a little of the oil at the end of the spatule, and drop it into the fire, and if it burneth clear and maketh no noise it is boiled enough; then take it from the fire and let it cool a little, and put it into a pot and cover it with a paper pricked full of holes, and when it is cold cover it with a double paper, or with a piece of parchment wetted, and use it. CHAP. XXXIII. To know when Plasters are boiled enough. THe perfect boiling of plasters, is known by taking a little of the said plaster and putting it into a little cold water, and if it riseth clean together without running in the water it is boiled enough, then take it from the fire and let it stand until it be half cold, and then make it into magdaleons. That when you form magdaleons of plaster, Note. which have oil in them, then wet your hands with fair water, but if there be no oil in them, then anoint your hands with oil. CHAP. XXXIV. The manner to wash the Barrow Hogs grease to make unguent: Rosat. TAke the cakes of Barrowes grease, and take away the veins and skin, and cut it into small pieces, and melt it on the fire in a pan, with a little water stirring of it together with a spatule of wood, then strain it, and press it through a white linen cloth, than put it into an earthen pot or vessel being twice too big for it, but just that the grease may fill it half full, and when it is cold, fill the pot almost full with hot water, stirring of it well together with the spatule in the Sun, then let it stand until it be all settled, then pour the water away softly, and do so nine times one after another, and when you have washed it as aforesaid with hot water, then wash it as many times with cold water as before, and the two last times wash it with Rose water; the cause of washing of it so often is to take the smell of the grease quite away, as shall be written when we speak of the making of ointment of Roses. CHAP. XXXV. The manner to wash Ceruse. TAke a quantity of Ceruse, as a pound or two, or more or less; rub it through the lawn or hair of a common sieve, putting underneath a white paper to receive that which is passed, then put it into a pipkin or other vessel, and pour as much fair water as will cover it upon it, and stir it well together with a wooden spatule, and then let it settle, and pour the water softly from it, and pour in it as much more fair water, and do so nine or ten times, and when you have done, put the Ceruse into a platter and set it in the Sun or by the fire side to dry, covering of it with a white linen cloth, and when it is dry, use it or keep it in a box until you have occasion to use it. CHAP. XXXVI. To wash and prepare Lytharge. TAke two pound of Lytharge, or what quantity you please, beat it in a mortar, and searce it all through a searce, and when you have done, put it again into the mortar, and fill the mortar almost full of fair water, and stir the Lytharge and the water together with the pestle, and pour the water presently out of the mortar into a great basin, and then put as much more water into the mortar and stir it well together and pour it into the basin, and so do until all the Lytharge be gone out of the mortar with the water into the basin, then let it stand all night to settle, and when it is settled, pour away the water, and dry the Lytharge in the Sun, and so use it. CHAP. XXXVII. The manner to burn Lead, and to powder and wash it for the unguent Pompholigos. TAke two or three pound of Lead, or what quantity you please, put it into a pipkin or great iron ladle, and set it upon a hot charcoal fire, and when it is melted, stir it together with a spatule or iron rod until it cometh into a powder somewhat yellowish, and that you see no more form of Lead, then take the said powder from the fire, and let it stand until it be cold, and then searce it through a sieve, and when you have done wash it in the same manner as the Ceruse in the thirty five Chapter, and so use it being dried in the Sun or before the fire. CHAP. XXXVIII. To prepare Tuttie Stone. TAke what quantity you please of Tuttie Stone, and put it into a Crucible, and set it into a furnace of hot fire until it be very well burnt, which you shall know by the redness of it; for when it is enough it will look very red, then take it from the fire and let it stand until it be cold, than powder it in a mortar, and searce it through a searse, and when you have done prepare it with Rose water or fair common water in this manner, put your powder upon the stone, and pour some water upon it, and stir it together with the mule or mallet stone until it be very well prepared, which you shall know by putting it upon your hand and rubbing of it a little, and it doth grace nor scratch, as one doth by pearls and precious stones, than form little Trochisques and trio them, and when you will use them powder them in a mortar. CHAP. XXXIX. The manner to Calcine Roman Vitriol. ROman Vitriol is dried in the great iron spoon or ladle in a moderate fire, until it cometh all white, stirring of it continually with a spatule or iron rod, and then augment the fire a little, and it will come all red, and that is called Colcothar; then take it from the fire, and put it in powder as is said of the Tuttie, and prepare it upon the stone, for the confection of the Emplaster Diapalma. CHAP. XL. To make Cream and Salt of Tartar. TAke a pound of Tartar, beat it in a mortar and searce it through a course sieve, than put it into a pipkin, and cover it with water, and make it boil a walm or two, then pass it two or three times through a hippocras bag with a basin underneath to receive the liquor, than set it to settle the space of twenty four hours, at the end of which, you shall take of the Cream which swimmeth one the top, with a trencher or silver spoon, and pour the water softly away by inclination, and scrape the salt away which sticketh one the sides with a spoon, and make it fall to the bottom, then wash them, dry them, and prepare them, and keep them by themselves. THE CHARITABLE APOTHECARY. The second Treatise of Syrups. CHAP. I. The manner to make Syrup of Violets with the juice. TAke twelve ounces of Violet leaves picked, put them into a marble Morter, and beat them very well, then tie them in a linen cloth and press them in the press, and you shall have five ounces of juice, which you shall put into a viol, then take twenty ounces of good Sugar, and half a pint of fair water, and boil it almost to the height of the Sugar of Roses, then take it from the fire, and mix your juice with it and your Syrup is made; the which you shall put into a pot and cover it with a paper pricked with holes, and when it is cold cover it with a double paper, and keep it in a temperate place. CHAP. II. The manner to make Syrup of Violets upon a cloth. TAke two pound of Sugar, boil it with a pint of water to the height or consistence as before specified, then take half a pound of Violet leaves, beat them in a mortar as before, and put them upon a cloth, two holding the cloth at each end, then pour the Sugar very hot three times upon the said Violet leaves with a basin underneath to receive the Syrup, pressing of it very hard with a spatule or silver spoon, and scraping the outside of the cloth very clean, and making of it fall into the said basin and your Syrup is done, the which you shall prepare and keep as before. Note. That you must not throw away that which hath coloured the cloth for there is Sugar amongst it, but dry it in the Sun and keep it, which will be good conserve and serve for a binding, as shall be written hereafter. CHAP. III. To make Syrup of Violets of three Infusions. TAke a pound of Violet leaves picked and cleansed from the green leaves, put them into an earthen pot or other vessel, and pour upon them four pints of water being hot, then cover the said vessel and set it to infuse in the chimney corner for the space of twelve hours, at the end of which warm it very well, and strain it through a strong linen cloth, and press them in the press, and through away those flowers, then warm the infusion, and put to it another pound of fresh Violets, letting them infuse twelve hours as before, then strain and press them in the press, and put a pound more of fresh flowers to the infusion, stirring them well together, and let them infuse as before, then strain and press them in the press, and if you will make it presently into Syrup, then take four pound two ounces of the infusion, put it into the Copper pan, and put to it five pound and a half of good Sugar and boil them together unto a Syrup; the which let stand till it be half cold, than scum of the froth or scum, and put it into a pot and cover it with a pierced paper until it be quite cold, then cover it with a double paper or wet parchment. CHAP. FOUR Mucharon of Violets and Damask Roses. THe Mucharon of Violets and Damask Roses, is nothing else but the last infusion strained and pressed, the which will keep a whole year being put into a glass with a straight neck, then put upon it a little oil of Olives to keep it from being musty, and when you will use it, take the oil away with a little Cotten. CHAP. V. To make Syrup of Coltsfoot. THere is made three infusions of the flowers of Coltsfoot with the green that goeth round about them, half a pound at each time in a quart of water; you shall take the said flowers and put them into a pot or pipkin and heat the water scalding hot, then pour it upon the flowers, and stir them well together with a spatule of wood, cover them close, and let them stand in the chimney corner the space of twelve hours, then strain them and press them, and put as many more flowers unto the infusion being hot, and let them infuse twelve hours as before, then strain and press them, and put as many more flowers, doing as before; then clarify it with the white of an egg and the shell, as is showed in the second Chapter of the first Treatise, weigh it, and put to it three parts of Sugar, and boil it to a Syrup. CHAP. VI To make Syrup of Damask Roses of nine Infusions. THere is made nine infusions of a pound at each time of Damask Rose leaves being picked, and the yellow which is within them taken away also, the green that goeth round about them, in four pints of water; the last infusion being made, strain them, and let them stand a while to settle, then strain them softly, and there will be about five pints, then clarify it, and boil with it as much Sugar, that is, five pound and boil it to the height of a Syrup, taking away the scum with a spoon and covering of it, and keep it in a temperate place. CHAP. VII. To make Syrup of Red Poppies, Rhead: MAke three infusions of half a pound at each time of red Poppies in two pints of water, and the last infusion being strained and pressed, put to it as much Sugar and boil it into a Syrup, scumming of it at the last, and well covering of it. CHAP. VIII. To make Syrup of water Lilies. MAke three infusions of water Lillie flowers in a quart of water, half a pound at each time, letting them infuse the space of twelve hours as is aforesaid; the last infusion being strained, boil it into a Syrup with as much Sugar. CHAP. IX. To make Syrup of Maidenhair. TAke Capill: Veneris, or in his stead Adianthe two handfuls, Pollitric: Scolopendry, of each a handful and a half, an ounce of Liquorish bruised and scraped, and with Sugar make it into a Syrup as followeth. The herbs being washed and cleansed shall be put in infusion for the space of twenty four hours in three pints of warm water, then boil them a little and strain them, and with three parts of Sugar clarify and boil them into a Syrup. CHAP. X. The manner to make Syrup of jujubes' simple and compounded, and first to make the simple. TAke a hundred good jujubes, open them in the middle without throwing away any thing, then boil them in three pints of water until half be consumed, and with three parts of Sugar boil it into a Syrup. CHAP. XI. To make Syrup of jujubes compounded. TAke French Barley an ounce, good jujubes threescore, Liquorish scraped and bruised an ounce, Capill: Veneris, politric: of each a handful, Quince seeds, Poppy, Melon, and Lettuce seeds, of each half an ounce, bruised with Sugar, make them into a Syrup as followeth. Take four pints of water, set it to boil; first with the Barley, and when it is a little boiled put in the seeds, and afterwards the herbs and Liquorish, and boil them until half be consumed, then strain the decoction, and with three parts of Sage clarify and boil it into a Syrup. CHAP. XII. To make Syrup of Marsh Mallows. TAke Marsh Mallow roots prepared, an ounce and a half of Asparagus roots also prepared, Liquorish scraped and bruised, of each half an ounce, tops of Marsh Mallows, common Mallows, Pellitory, Pimpernell, Adianthos, Politric: of each half a handful; melon, Cucumber, and Citroll seeds of each half an ounce, sugar a pound and a half, make them into a Syrup as followeth. The roots of Marsh Mallows and Asparagus being bruised and prepared, boil first in five pints of water, and when it is a little boiled then put in the seeds being bruised, and then the herbs, and after that the Liquorish; boil them all to a pint, then strain it, and with a pound and a half of Sugar clarify and boil it into a Syrup. CHAP. XIII. To make Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb. TAke French Barley a handful, Asparagus roots, roots of Danderlion, and Succory roots of each three ounces; Femmaterry, Politric: Agrimon: Adianthos, of each a handful and a half, melon, Cucumber, and Citrole seeds of each half an ounce, Liquorish scraped and bruised an ounce, Sugar two pound, make the Syrup as followeth, Put eight pints of water into a pan or other vessel, & boil with it very well the French Barley, then put to it the Succory, Danderlion, & Asparagus roots prepared, and after that the herbs, and then the seeds, and at last the Adianth: Politric: and Liquorish; and boil the decoction to four pints, then pour it altogether into an earthen vessel to infuse together twenty four hours, having first strained twelve ounces of the said decoction, and poured it upon five ounces of good Rhubarb cut into small pieces in a little pipkin, and set it also in the chimney corner being well covered to infuse twenty four hours. At the end of which time strain the other decoction, and clarify it, and boil with it two pound of Sugar into a Syrup almost as high as your Sugar of Roses, and in the mean time while that is boiling, strain the decoction with the Rhubarb and press it well in the press, and when the Syrup is boiled to the heigh mix it amongst it, and if the Syrup be not thick enough, make it boil a little more, and cool it, and put it into a pot and keep it in a temperate place. CHAP. XIIII. To make Syrup of Rhubarb Laxative. TAke three pints of the decoction made with Betony, Succory, Sage, with their roots, and bugloss; and in this decoction being hot infuse all night in these medicaments following. That is two ounces and a half of good Rhubarb cut in small pieces, a handful of Violets, two drams of Cinnamon bruised in a mortar, as many Fenill seeds, and half an ounce of Liquorish scraped and bruised. The morning following boil them all two or three boilings, than strain and press it, and with the said expression boil three parts or Sugar into a Syrup, and mix with it four ounces of Syrup of Damask Roses. CHAP. XV. To make Syrup of Poppies simple. TAke half a pound of white Poppy heads, and as many black Poppy heads, break them, or cut them with their seeds and put them into a pan or pipkin, and pour upon them four pints of scalding water, then cover them close, and set them in infusion in the chimney corner the space of twenty four hours, than strain and press them, and put to the infusion being hot as many more Poppy heads, and let them infuse as before, then let them boil a little, and strain and press them, and put to the decoction three parts of Sugar, and boil it into a Syrup. CHAP. XVI. To make Syrup of Lemons. TAke a pound of good Sugar, and with fair water boil it to the height of Sugar of Roses, then mix with ●t four ounces of clear juice of Lemons, to render it into the form of a Syrup. CHAP. XVII. To make Syrup of Quinces. TAke two pound of the juice of Quinces, clarify it very well, and with a pound and a half of good Sugar boil it into a Syrup. CHAP. XVIII. To make Syrup of Sabor or Apples compounded. TAke a pint and a half of the juice of Runnet Apples or Pearemaines, clarify it very well, and infuse in it twenty four hours two ounces of Seine, and two dams of Anniseeds, then boil them a little, and strain and press them, and with twelve ounces of Sugar make the decoction into a Syrup; if you will have it more purging, you may put three ounces of Seine, and three dams of Anniseeds. Also if you please you may infuse the Seen with half the juice of Apples, and half juice of Borage and bugloss, being well clarified. CHAP. XIX. To make Syrup of Mulberries. TAke two pound of juice of Mulberries and Blackberries together, clarify them, and with a pound and a half of Sugar boil them into a Syrup. CHAP. XX. To make Syrup of Cherries: TAke a pound of the juice of Cherries well clarified, and with twelve ounces of Sugar boil it into a Syrup. CHAP. XXI. To make Syrup of dried Roses. TAke three or four ounces of good red Rose leaves, put them into a pan, and pour upon them a pint and a half of hot water, and let them infuse being covered the space of twenty four hours, than strain and press them, and with a pound of Sugar boil the infusion into a Syrup. CHAP. XXII. To make Syrup of Wormwood. TAke half a pound of Roman Wormwood, cut it into small pieces; take also three drams of Nard: Indic: which cut also, then take two ounces of red Roses, infuse them altogether the space of twenty four hours hot in two pints of good old white Wine and as much juice of Quinces clarified, at the end of which boil them to two pints, and clarify it, and with as much Sugar boil it into a Syrup. CHAP. XXIII. Of Syrups made with Honey. To make Despumd Honey. TAke a quantity of good honey, prepare and clarify it as is showed in the first Chapter of the first Treatise; then boil it upon the furnace in a basin until it be come to the height of honey, which you shall know by taking a little with the spatule, and put it on a trencher and let it cool, that done, take it from the fire, and when it is cold set it up among the other Syrups. CHAP. XXIIII. To make honey of Roses. THe said Honey of Roses is made diverse ways, but the best and easiest ways is those which followeth. The first is to make three infusions of a pound of red Roses as you do your Syrups in four pints of hot water, each infusion the space of twelve hours; the last infusion being strained, boil with it as much honey until it cometh to the height of a Syrup, and when it is cold scum it. The second manner is to make the said three infusions, with half red Rose leaves, and half Damask Rose leaves mixed together, being both together a pound in four pints of common water as is said before; the last infusion being strained and pressed, you shall boil as much honey with it to the consistence thereof. CHAP. XXV. To make Honey of Violets. THe honey of Violets is made like the honey of Roses, making three infusions, and the last infusion being strained, boil as much honey with it, and at the last scum it. CHAP. XXVI. To make Honey of Mercury. TAke the juice of Mercury and common honey, of each a like quantity, boil them a walm or two, and strain them through a linen cloth, and then wash the pan clean, and put into it again the said juice and honey, and boil it to the height of a Syrup. CHAP. XXVII. Of Conserves. To make Conserve of Violets. TAke half a pound of Violet leaves clean picked, put them into a Marble mortar and beat them with a wooden pestle until they come into a paste, and that in handling of them you feel no roughness; then put to them by little and little a pound of fine Sugar in powder or cut in small pieces, and beat them very well together, then put it into a pot and set it in the Sun for thirty days, stirring of it two or three times a week with a spatule. CHAP. XXVIII. To make Conserve of Roses. TAke half a pound or a pound of red Rose buds, cutting the white and yellow away from them, and beat them in the Marble mortar with the double of Sugar. CHAP. XXIX. To make Conserve of water Lillie flowers. TAke half a pound of white water Lillie flowers and beat them in the Marble mortar as before, with the Sugar doubled, and set them in the Sun as before: CHAP. XXX. To make Conserve of Coltsfoote. TAke only the yellow of the flower, and make it into Conserve as before. CHAP. XXXI. To make Conserves of the flowers of Borage, bugloss, Rosemary, and Betony. THe said Conserves are made and prepared as the Conserves before written; if you will have the said Conserves sweeter, you may put for a pound of flowers three pound of Sugar, and for half a pound of flowers, a pound and a half of Sugar. THE CHARITABLE APOTHECARY. The third Treatise of Eel 〈…〉 CHAP. I. The manner to make Electuary 〈…〉 tive for the rich. TAke Polypodic of the Oak bruised three ounces, Fenill seeds half an ounce, Betonie, agrimony, Adianthos, Politric: Scolopendry, of each two handfuls; leaves of Seine cleansed two ounces, Anniseeds half an ounce; pulp of Cassia, pulp of Tamarinds, and of Prunes, of each six ounces; Seen in powder with Anniseeds four ounces and a half, a pound of sugar, make it into an Electuary as followeth. Boil the said simples cleansed and washed in fair water; first, the Polypodie with the Fenill seeds the space of a quarter of an hour, then put in the Betony and the Agrimony, and after that the Politric: Adianthos and Scolopendry. Take a pint of the said decoction strained, in the which infuse the space of twenty four hours the said two ounces of Seine, with the Anniseeds, in the which time draw the pulps of Tamarinds and prunes, as is showed in the twenty two Chapter of the first Treatise, a part. Note. That after you have drawn your Cassia, those excrements which cannot be pulped through the sieve, put in infusion with the Sene. That done, make your infusion boil a little, and then press and strain it, and with the decoction or infusion boil your Sugar to the height as is written in the seventeen Chapter of the first Treatise: The Syrup being done, pour it into a vessel of brass or pewter from the fire, and mix with it the said pulpes of Tamarinds and prunes, mixing of them well together with the bistorties, and after that mix with them the pulp of Cassia; then stir very well into it the Seen in powder as is showed in the twenty three Chapter of the said first Treatise, mixing all very well together; the which being all mixed and incorporated together the Electuary is done▪ if in the mixing of them the Syrup should grow cold you must warm it upon the furnace. Note. That you must never mix the pulps with the Syrup boiling hot, for than it will burn, but when it is almost half cold. I have written but only one way to make the Syrup, which is very good, and shall serve for these four following. CHAP. II. To make Electuar: Lenitive for the poor. TAke a pint of the former decoction of the simples to infuse with the Seine and Anniseeds as aforesaid. Seen cleansed two ounces, Anniseeds half an ounce; Pulp of Prunes and Tamarinds of each nine ounces; Seen in powder with his Anniseeds four ounces and a half; Sugar a pound: make it into an Electuary in the same manner as the former. CHAP. III. To make Diacatholicon. TAke twenty ounces of the former decoction to infuse with the Seine and Anniseeds. Seen cleansed two ounces, Fenill seeds half an ounce, pulp of Cassia four ounces, pulpes of Prunes and Tamarinds of each six ounces, Seen in powder with his Anniseeds two ounces and two dams, Rhubarb in powder two ounces, sugar a pound and a half; make it into an Electuary as followeth. First, put in infusion the Seine and the Anniseeds as before. The Rhubarb must be put in powder as is shown in the twenty five Chapter of the first Treatise, ●nd is mixed with the powder of Seine and Anniseeds. The pulpes of Cassia, Tamarinds, and Prunes, being prepared are put asunder, and when the sugar is boiled with the infusion as is showed before, then when it is half cold mix the Pulpes in, and after that the powders as before, and so make it into an Electuary. CHAP. FOUR To make Diaprunes simple and compounded. TAke a pint of the said decoction strained of the said simples to infuse with the Seine and Anniseeds: Seine cleansed two ounces, Anniseeds half an ounce, pulp of Prunes half a pound, pulp of Tamarinds four ounces, red Roses three dams, Sugar a pound; make it into an Electuary: This Electuary is made according to the former, and is called Diaprunes Simple. Which if you will make compounded; while this said Electuary is hot, mix very well with it nine dams of good Scammony put in powder as is showed in the twenty six Chapter of the first Treatise; and than it is Diaprunes compounded. That I have not written here the Catholicon for Clysters, because you may use for the same any of these former Electuaries which are far better. CHAP. V. To make Electuary of Dates or Diaphaenicon. TAke six ounces of the pulp of Dates, two ounces of Turbith, a few sweet Almonds peeled, Ginger scraped with a knife, Mace, Fenill seeds of each two dams, Scammony fix dams, with ten ounces of despumd Honey, as is written in the seventeen Chapter of the first Treatise; make an Electuary. The pulp of Dates being prepared as is showed in the twenty one Chapter of the first Treatise, and put by itself, you shall make the following powder: First put the Turbith and the Ginger in the mortar with the Almonds too hinder their exhalation, and beat them together, and when they are half beaten, put in the Mace, Fenill and Anniseeds, beating them into powder, and searcing them in a covered scarce as is written in the twenty three Chapter of the first Treatise, speaking of Seine; having drawn three ounces of powder, put it by itself in a paper; the Scammony also must be put in powder as is written before. Then take the pulp of Dates, put it into a basin, and put some despumd honey to it stirring them well together, and then mix the powders and the rest of the honey, and the last of all stir in the Scammony, stirring them altogether very well and your Electuary is done. CHAP. VI To make Benedict: Laxative. TAke Turbith, Hermodactills sliced of each six dams, a few sweet Almonds peeled, red Roses three dams, Ginger sliced, Mace of each a dram; Anniseeds, Grummell seeds, Saxifrage, and Smallage feeds of each two dams, Scammony five dams, despumd honey fifteen ounces, make it into an Electuary. First, put in the mortar the Turbith, Ginger, and Hermodacts, and the Almonds which being half powdered you shall put in the seeds, and at the last the red Roses and the Mace, beating them all to powder as before, and searcing them in the scarce, then put your powder in the basin being stirred about with some of the honey, then put in all the honey, and then put in the Scammony, stirring them all very well together and the Electuary is made. CHAP. VII. To make Tablets or Lozenges of Mechoacan. TAke Mechoacan, Hermodacts sliced, and Turbith of each two dams, red Roses a dram, Ginger half a dram, Scammony two dams with half a pound of Sugar dissolved and boiled in common water, make Tablets the weight of half an ounce each of them. The Mechoacan bruised in the mortar, put in the Turbith, Hermodacts, and red Roses, being all powdered and scarced with two or three Almonds to hinder their exhalation, then powder the Scammony and mix the other powders with it. Then boil the Sugar as is showed in the fifteen Chapter of the first Treatise, and when it is boiled take it from the fire, and let stand until it be half cold stirring of it together, then mix your powders into it, and form Tablets as is showed before. CHAP. VIII. To make Trochisques of Agaricke. RAspe two ounces of good white Agaricke or what quantity you please with the great Raspe of iron; put it into a mortar of Marble and beat it very well, pouring by little and little some Aqua vitae upon it, and beat it into a paste, than form Trochisques and dry them in the shade, and when they are dry beat them again, pouring more Aqua vitae upon them and dry them again, and then beat them the third time doing as before and dry them and use them; you may also in the place of Aqua vitae take white wine, in which Ginger hath been all night infused. CHAP. IX. To make Trochisques of Athandal: FIrst, put into infusion for the space of four or five days three drams of gum: dragant. in Rose water in a little pipkin well covered, in which time take Coloquintida purged from the seeds, the which cut into small pieces and put it into the mortar having first anointed the bottom of the mortar with a little oil of Olives, which being well powdered, form it into Trochisques with the gum: dragant: dissolved; then dry them, and powder them the second time, and make them into Trochisques with the said gum. CHAP. X. To make Trochisques of Myrrh: TAke Cinnamon, seeds of Nigella, Aloes, Myrrh, of each two dams, with the juice of Rue despumd, make them into Trochisques. The said medicaments being powdered, beginning with the Cinnamon as is showed in the thirty Chapter of the first Treatise; then the Nigella, and then the Myrrh, and afterwards the Aloes, which being all well powdered and seared; then stirring them together in the mortar, power upon them the juice, beating and malaxing them well together, and form them into Trochisques, the which dry in the shade and use them. CHAP. XI. Of Pills. To make stomach Pills or ante Cibum. TAke Aloes six dams, Mastic and red Roses of each two dams, with the Syrup of Damask Roses, beat and malaxe them into a mass. First, powder the Mastic, wetting the bottom of the mortar wtih a little Rose water, then powder the Roses, and after that the Aloes; then mix them together, and pour the Syrup upon them and make a mass, beating and malaxing them very well, then wrap it in a paper being anointed with oil and keep it in a Galley-pot. CHAP. XII. To make Pills without the which, or sine quibus. TAke Aloes half an ounce, Rhubarb, Trochisques of Agaricke, Seen in powder, of each a dram and a half; Scammony two dams and a half, with Syrup of Damask Roses; make them into pills: powder all the medicaments severally, then mix them altogether and pour to them the Syrup, and beat and malaxe them into a mass and put them up as the former. CHAP. XIII. To make Pills of Agaricke. TAke Aloes and Trochisques of Agaricke of each three dams, Seen in powder two dams, Marmalade a dram, Scammony two dams and a half, with Syrup of Damask Roses, make them into a mass. The powders being all powdered and mixed together, put the Marmalade into a porringer and pour a little Syrup upon it and dissolve it, and pour it upon the powders, and with as much Syrup as shall be fitting, form them into a mass keeping it as the former. CHAP. XIIII. To make Pills of Rhubarb. TAke Rhubarb an ounce, Cinnamon and Liquorish in powder of each half a dram; with Syrup make them into a mass. The Rhubarb being in powder is mixed with the other powders, and with Syrup of Damask Roses made into a mass as the others. CHAP. XV. To make Somniferous Pills. TAke Myrrh three drams, Olibanum two drams and a half, Henbane seeds and Opium of each two dams, Saffron and Castor of each half a dram, and eighteen grains with Syrup of dried Roses, make them into a mass. The powders being powdered put the Opium in the mortar, and pour a little Syrup into it, beating them together, then mix in the powders as before. CHAP. XVI. Of Powders. Powder of three Saunders, the which one may use in the place of Diarrhodon: abbatis Diamargarit: frigid: and de Triasuntali. TAke white, red, and yellow Saunders, wood of Aloes of each two dams, seeds of Succory, Endive, Purslane, and C●rduus; sealed earth of each a dram; of these medicaments make a powder as followeth. Cut all the Saunders in small bits or pieces and beat them in the mortar with half the seeds and the wood of Aloes, and when they are well beaten put in the other half of the seeds and powder them very well, and scarce them through the scarce, and that which cannot pass, beat it again in the mortar, and scarce it until you have scarced all as is showed before; then powder the sealed earth by itself, and mix them all together and keep them in a glass. CHAP. XVII. To make the powder called Diambra, the which you may use in the place of Diambra Arematicum Rosatum, and the Trochisques of Gallia Moschata. TAke good Cinnamon, Mace, red, white, and yellow Saunders; wood of Aloes, red Roses of each a dram, Ambergris and Musk of each twelve grains, make them into a powder. First, put in the mortar the Saunders and the wood of Aloes, with the Cinnamon and Mace to hinder their exhalation, or if you please you may sprinkle upon them a little Rose water being all well powdered and seared as before; put the Musk and Ambergris into the mortar, and with a little of the powder, powder it, and mix the rest of the powder. CHAP. XVIII. To make the powder Diatragagant. TAke gum: dragant: and gum: Arabic of each three dams, roots of Iris, of Florence Liccorish, seeds of white Poppy, Purslane, and Endive, of each two dams, of these medicaments make the powder. When you have picked the white and the best of the gum: Arabic, and gum: dragant: you must make a clear fire in the bottom of the mortar, and make the mortar so hot that you can scarce touch it with your hand, then heat the bottom of the pestle almost red hot, then wipe it with a clean cloth, and put in your gums and cover it with a clean cloth with a hole in the midst to put in the pestle, and so beat them to powder, and if the mortar cool before you have powdered and scarced your gums, warm and heat it again in the same manner as you did before; then when your gums are powdered and scarced, beat the Iris roots and the seeds, mixing them all together and cover them close as before. CHAP. XIX. The manner to make powder of Liquorish. BEcause the Physicians often appoint the powder of Liquorish to be used, I have here set down the manner of making it. Take two ounces or what quantity of Liquorish you please; being dry, scrape it and make it very clean, then cut it into very small pieces, and beat it in the mortar, and searce it into fine powder, and keep it in a glass as you do the other powders. CHAP. XX. The manner to make Tablets or Lozenges with the aforesaid Cordial powders. FOr an example, take two dams of the said powders, and mix it with four ounces of Sugar boiled, as is showed in the sixteen Chapter of the first Treatise. Your Sugar being boiled, take it from the fire, and let it stand till it be half cold, and then mix in your powder and form Lozenges as is showed in the seventh Chapter of this same Treatise, speaking of the Tablets of Mechoacan; your Sugar being dissolved first in Rose water or Cordial water and boiled to the height. CHAP. XXI. Of Confection Alkermes and Hyacinth: with Venice Treacle. YOu may find of these Confections at a reasonable rate at the Druguists, and Venice Treacle at the Apothecaries, which is made and showed to the principallest Physicians of the City. THE CHARITABLE APOTHECARY. The fourth Treatise of Oils. CHAP. I. To make Oil of Roses three ways. THE first way is, take a pound of red Rose buds, beat them in a Marble mortar with a wooden pestle, than put them into an carthen pot, and pour upon them four pound of oil of Olives, letting them infuse the space of a month in the Sun of in the chimney corner stirring of them sometimes, then heat it, and press it, and strain it, and put it into the same pot or other vessel to keep. The second is, take half a pound of red Roses, and half a pound of Damask, beat them together in a marble mortar, and put them into a pot, and pour upon them four pound of oil, and let them infuse the space of twelve hours, then pour them all into a pan and boil them two or three boilings, and strain them, and press them in a strong to well in the press, and in the mean time put in the pot as many more Roses and pour the oil upon them, and so heat them and press them, and put Roses to the oil three times, and then boil it until all the humidity be consumed which is showed in the thirty two and thirty three Chapters of the first Treatise. The third is, to take all Damask Roses and no red, and make three infusions as before. CHAP. II. To make Oil of Violets. THe said oil of Violets is made but with one infusion, as the first oil of Roses, putting to a pound of the flowers, and that part that encloseth them, four pound of oil of Olives. CHAP. III. To make Oil of water Lilies. TAke a pound of water Lillie flowers, and make two infusions in four pound of oil as is showed before. CHAP. FOUR To make Oil of Camomile. MAke two infusions of a pound of Camomile beaten in the mortar, in four pound of oil as before. CHAP. V. Oil of Lilies. TAke only the white of the Lilies, taking away the yellow, and make two infusions as before. CHAP. VI To make oil of Dill, Rue, and Marjoram, and Wormwood. THe said Oils are made with two infusions as the former: many chooseth the lesser leaves of Wormwood, because they are most astringent. CHAP. VII. To make Oil of Mastic. TAke three ounces of Mastic, break it in the mortar, and put it into the pan, with twelve ounces of Oil and four ounces of red Wine, boil it until all the wine be almost consumed, than strain and press it, and cover it close in a pot. CHAP. VIII. To make Oil of Capers. TAke the Cortex of Caper roots, an ounce Cortex or Barbe of Tamarix seeds of Agnus Castus and Ceterach of each two dams, leaves of Rue a dram, good Wine and Vinegar of each two ounces; oil of Olives twelve ounces; make the oil: first beat your barks well in the mortar, than the Ceterach and the Ruc, then stir them with the oil, wine, and vinegar, and let them infuse fifteen days in the Sun, then boil them until the Wine and Vinegar be almost consumed as is showed in the thirty two Chapter of the first Treatise, and strain it and put it in a pot. CHAP. IX. To make Oil of Castor. TAke dry Castor grossly powdered an ounce, Wine or Aqua vitae two ounces, twelve ounces of oil, boil them until half the Wine or water be consumed, for the Castor will not endure long coction, then strain it and keep it among the rest. CHAP. X. To make Oil of Worms. TAke half a pound of earth worms, wash them very well; first with fair water, then with white wine, than put them to infuse into a pot, covering them with wine the space of twelve hours, then throw away that wine, and put the worms to infuse in the Sun or in the chimney corner in a pound of oil and three ounces of Claret the space of eight days, then boil them until the wine be almost consumed and strain them. CHAP. XI. To draw Oil of sweet and bitter Almonds. TAke a quantity of Almonds, beat them very well in a Marble mortar with a wooden pestle without peeling of them, until they be all beaten into a paste; then press them softly by little and little in the press, in a clean strong linen cloth, or in a cloth of hair. The Oil of bitter Almonds is made after the same manner. CHAP. XII. Of Unguents: or Ointments. To make unguent Basilicon. TAke Navel or black Pitch, good Rossin, and yellow wax, of each six ounces; good oil of Olives a pound and a half, make thereof an ointment. Cut the wax into small pieces, break the Rossin and the Pitch into little bits, and melt them all together in the oil, and when they are all melted, strain them through a strong linen cloth, and put it into a pot or other vessel until it be cold, then tie it up and set it away. CHAP. XIII. To make unguent: Aureum. TAke oil of Olives thirty ounces, yellow Wax six ounces, clear I urpentine two ounces, Rossin and Colophonia of each an ounce and a half; Olibanum, Mastic, of each an ounce, Saffron a dram, make them into an ointment. First, put the Olibanum and the Mastic in powder and scarce them. Note. That you must put more of the Mastic and Olibanum to powder, because you shall find the quantity scarced, and the rest may be kept. Then cut the wax into small pieces, and also break the Rosin and Colophonia into small bits, then melt them them with the oil, then mix with them the Turpentine, and when it is half cold put in the powders of Olibanum and Mastic, stirring them well together with the Spatule, and after that the Saffron being dry and put in powder, for to colour it the better, and the ointment is made, the which put into a pot fitting. CHAP. XIIII. To make unguent Aegyptiacum. TAke common Honey seven ounces, strong Vinegar three ounces and a half, make an ointment of them as followeth. First, put into the mortar to beat to powder some Verdegrece, in the beating thereof forget not to stop your nose, then scarce it, and take a quantity of it, and keep the rest, and pour it into the Honey and Vinegar, and boil them to an ointment. That when you have powdered the Verdegrece, Note. you must wash the mortar pestle and scarce with hot water. CHAP. XV. To make mundificative of Smalladge. THis ointment is made at any time, putting into the juice what the Physician shall think fitting according to the nature and time of the diseased. CHAP. XVI. To make unguent: Album or white ointment. TAke white Wax three ounces, Ceruse washed six ounces, oil of Roses twelve ounces, three whites of eggs, Camphir a dram; make the ointment as followeth. The Ceruse being washed and afterwards powdered and seared, then cut the wax into small pieces, and melt it with the oil, and when it is melted take it from the fire and stir it well together with a Spatule of wood until it be half cold, then stir in the Ceruse, and afterwards the whites of eggs, and so make it into an ointment. CHAP. XVII. To make red Dissicative. TAke oil of Roses twelve ounces, white Wax five ounces, Lap: Calaminaris, Bol: armoniac of each four ounces, Litarge of gold prepared, and Ceruse of each three ounces, Camphir a dram; make them into an ointment. Cutting the Wax into small pieces and melting it with the oil, and mixing the other things being in powder as is written in the former Chapter. CHAP. XVIII. To make unguent Pompholigos. TAke oil of Roses twenty ounces, juice of Nightshade eight ounces, white Wax five ounces, washed Ceruse four ounces, burnt Lead as is showed in the thirty eight and thirty nine Chapter of the first Treatise being in powder, Tuttie prepared of each two ounces, Frankincense an ounce; make the ointment according to Art as followeth. The Lead and Tuttie being powdered with the Ceruse and the other powders, then boil the juice of Nightshade with the oil, until the juice be almost consumed, then strain it through a strong linen cloth, and mix with it the powders upon the fire, stirring them well together, then take it from the fire and stir it till it be cold. CHAP. XIX. To make ointment of Populeon or Poplar buds. TAke Poplar buds nine ounces, Hog's lard or Barrowes grease eighteen ounces, good Vinegar and good Rose water of each six ounces, leaves of Nightshade and Lettuce of each four ounces, Houseleek three ounces; make the ointment as followeth. In the month of March take the said Poplar buds and beat them very well in a Marble mortar, then put to them the Hogs grease beating of them very well together, and put them into an earthen pot and let them stand until june, until you can get the other herbs, then when you have the other herbs pour upon the grease and buds the vinegar and Rose water, and let them stand in the Sun a day or two, then take the herbs, pick them, and cut them very small and beat them in the mortar and put them into the pot with the grease and buds, and let them infuse in the Sun the space of eight days, stirring of them now and then with the Spatule, and then pour them all into a pan and boil them until the liquor be almost consumed, than strain and press them through a strong cloth; and if it happen it be not thick enough, boil it a little upon the fire and make it thicker, and then let it stand until it be cold, and and put it into a pot and cover it, and set it in a temperate place. CHAP. XX. To make ointment of Roses. TAke Hogs grease or Barrowes grease washed as is shown in the thirty five Chapter of the first Treatise eighteen ounces, as many red Roses new; beat the said Roses in a mortar, and mix with them the grease, and beat them well together, then put them into a pot and let them infuse in the Sun the space of six days, or upon hot cinders three days, then boil them a very little and press them in the press, and then beat as many more Roses with the said grease, and let them infuse as before, then strain and press them, and mix with it six ounces of juice of Roses, and four ounces of oil of sweet Almonds, and boil them until the juice be almost consumed, then strain it and keep it. CHAP. XXI. To make Plasters. To make white Diachilon. TAke common Oil thirty six ounces, Litarge of gold prepared eighteen ounces; roots of Marsh Mallows cleansed, Linseeds of each a pound, seeds of Faenugreeke twelve ounces; make thereof a plaster. To make this plaster very white, choose a good fair air and clear; curiously washing and cleansing the Marsh Mallow roots, and taking away the skin that goeth round them, and the pith that is within them, than put the Linseeds and Faenugreeke into the mortar, and beat them very well with the roots, and put them into a pipkin covering them with water and cover the pipkin, and let them infuse in the chimney corner twenty four hours, then boil them a little and strain them, that there may be two pound four ounces of Mucilage, a part of which shall be boiled with the Oil and Litarge prepared, as is shown in the thirty seven Chapter of the first Treatise, upon a middling fire, stirring them always with a Spatule of wood, or else the Litarge being heavy will burn to the bottom, and when that part of Mucilage is almost consumed, which you shall know when it maketh no more bubbles, then put in the rest, and boil them into a plaster, as is showed in the thirty four Chapter of the first Treatise, then let it stand until it be half cold, and then make Magdaleons wetting your hands with a little water. CHAP. XXII. To make Diachalcyteos or Diapalma Plaster. TAke Roman Vitriol four ounces, Hogs grease a pound and a half, Litarge of gold prepared, old Oil of each thirty six ounces, make them into a plaster. The Litarge being prepared shall be boiled with the Oil and the grease, stirring them well together with a wooden Spatule, and when the plaster is boiled, mix with it the Vitriol prepared, as is showed in the forty one Chapter of the first Treatise, and make Magdaleons as before. CHAP. XXIII. To make Emplastrum Divinum. TAke Litarge and common Oil of each eighteen ounces, yellow wax eight ounces, loadstone four ounces, Amoniacke three ounces and three dramms, Bdellium two ounces, Galbanum, Myrrh of each two ounces and two dams, Frankincense an ounce and a dram, Mastic, Oppoponax, long Aristolochia root, Verdigreece of each an ounce, make of these medicaments an ointment as followeth. First, put in infusion the gums, which are Amoniac, Bdellium, Galbanum, and Oppopanax, in sufficient quantity of vinegar, that the vinegar may cover them the space of twenty four hours, or until the gums be dissolved, then strain them and boil them upon a chaffing dish till their humidity be consumed, or until they come to the thickness of Honey: in the mean time weigh the Lytarge and put it in a paper, and then powder the rest and searce them severally; that is the Loadstone, Mastic, Frankincense, Aristoloch: and Verdegrease, then boil your Lytarge and Oil with the Wax cut in small pieces, stirring it together with a Spatule, and when it is boiled put in the gums, and then the powders, and last of all the Verdegrease, stirring them together, and when it is half cold, form Magdaleons or Rolls as before. CHAP. XXIIII. To make Emplastrum de janua sive de Betonica. TAke the juice of Betony, Plantain and Smalladge, of each twelve ounces, yellow wax, black pitch, Rosin, and Turpentine, of each six ounces, make the plaster as followeth. Put the juices into the pan, with the wax cut in small pieces, and the Pitch and Rosin broken, and boil them until the juices be consumed, which you shall know by taking a little upon the end of the Spatule, and dropping it into the fire, and it will make no noise, then put in the Turpentine, and make Magdaleon as before written. CHAP. XXV. Of the distillation of waters. FOr the distilling of simple waters, every one hath knowledge, as to put the herbs being bruised or picked into a Still, and covering of it, keeping a moderate fire; also for the stilling of flowers or herbs in a Limbeck butter water unto them, and putting cold water in the top, and drawing away the first water which is the strength, and throwing away the rest, therefore we shall not need to write any more of this. CHAP. XXVI. Of Treacle water. IN the place of Treacle waters described by diverse Authors and diverse ways. It is better to take a quantity of Venice Treacle and dissolve it in wine if there be no Fever, or in Scabious or Carduus water; but if there be a Fever, in Purslane, water Lillie, or common water, with a little juice of Lemons. CHAP. XXVII. To make Cinnamon waters. TAke a pound of fine Cinnamon, beat it and put it to infuse the space of twenty four hours in a glass vessel, with four pints of good Rose water, and half a pint of good white wine upon the hot cinders or in some hot place being well stopped, then still it in a Limbeck or Balneo Mariae, and keep the water in a strong glass well stopped. CHAP. XXVIII. Another Cinnamon water. IN a necessity for to make Cinnamon water, take half an ounce of Cinnamon and beat it in a mortar, and boil it in a pint of fair water until half be consumed, then strain it and use it. CHAP. XXIX To make excellent Hippocras. TAke a pound of good Sugar, an ounce of fine Cinnamon, two dams of Ginger, with three pints of good white wine or Claret; make the Hippocras, cut the Sugar into small pieces, and beat the Cinnamon and Ginger in the mortar, than put them together in a pipkin, and pour the wine upon them, and stir them together with a spoon or spatule, and let them stand all night in the chimney corner, and in the morning pass them five or six times through the Hippocras bag. That if you will have it very clear, pour into it a spoonful of milk. CHAP. XXX. Another manner to make Hippocras. TAke a quart of good Wine, half a pound of good Sugar, and an ounce of Cinnamon beaten; infuse it all night covered in the chimney corner, and and the next morning pass it through the Hippocras bag five or six times. CHAP. XXXI. To make Hippocras of water. TAke half a pound of good Sugar, two dams of good Cinnamon beaten, two quarts of water; infuse them all night as before, and in a morning strain them as before through the bag. The end of the Charitable Apothecary. THE CHARITABLE PHYSICIAN SHOWING THE manner to Embalm a dead Corpse. By Philbert Guibert Esquire, Doctor Regent in the faculty of Physic at Paris. Translated into English, By I. W. LONDON, Printed by THOMAS HARPER, 1639. The manner to Embalm a dead Corpse. FIrst of all let the Chirurgeon make a long incision from the neck unto the lower belly; opening the breast, and taking out the heart, lungs, and others, or leaving of them within; but if they desire to hav● the heart embalmed by itself, then make an Incision in the pericard, in which it is enclosed, and embalm it as shall be shown hereafter. After that you may show the belly inferior, that is the stomach and the Epipleon; considering the orifice superior, and inferior, and afterwards the bowels, bladder, and other things. All the said parts of the the breast and belly inferior being observed, must be all cut round the Diaphragma, and cut as near as possible can be where they are tied and taken all out, and put into a large basin or vessel. Those two bellies being emptied and cleansed, that is all the blood that cometh from the veins and Arteries, dried up with Sponges: than you must come to the head. The head or Cranium shall be sawed in two, as you do in an Anatomy, and the brains and parts shall be put into the vessel with the bowels, together with the blood that hath been drawn out of the three bellies; that is, the head, breast, and belly inferior, and put them altogether into a barrel, and hoop it round, to be buried or put into the ground; but if they desire to carry them far, or to keep them you may embalm them as followeth. Having emptied and squeezed the blood from the excrements, you must wash them with warm oxicrat, made with four parts of water, and one of vinegar compounded, as shall be written hereafter: then powder them all about with one of the balming powders hereafter written, then put them into a barrel pitched within and without, and hoop the barrel well, and then wrap it round with Cerecloth and cord it fast, than put it into a bigger barrel also pitched and hooped, and send it whither you please. The head, breast, and belly inferior being also emptied and cleansed, you shall begin to embalm them: beginning at the head being well washed within with the said vinegar compounded, then with pieces of Cotton soaked in the said vinegar and filled with balm, the head shall be filled, and both the pieces of the skull shall be bound together with thread. Do also to the breast as you do to the head, piercing the Muscles and flesh with a bodkin, to make the blood run out, which you must dry up with sponges, then wash and soak it with the said vinegar, and fill it up with Cotten full of Balm, do so also to the belly inferior. The foresaid parts being embalmed, you must make long Incisions in the arms, legs, thighs, and buttocks, and principally in the great veins and Arteries, to make the blood run out, and to dry them up with Sponges; then soak them with the said Vinegar, and stop them full of pieces of Cotton filled with Balm. You shall make an Incision from the shoulder to the wrist in the arm, piercing it with a bodkin to the bone all about, to make way for the blood, then dry it up with sponges, and wash and soak it well with the said vinegar, and then filling it with pieces of Cotton soaked in the said vinegar and filled with Balm, and then sow it up with a needle and thread; so do to the thighs making an incision from the belly to the knee, piercing of it, and stopping and sewing of it up as before, and so the knees and others. You may also stop the holes of the ears and nostrils and mouth, with Cotton soaked in the vinegar and filled with Balm. That done turn the Corpse upon the belly and make an Incision about the Ingular veins in the neck, letting out the blood, and so make an incision down the reins, piercing the back to let out the blood, taking it away and washing it with the said vinegar, and filling it with Cotton balmed, and sewing them up as before. Also make Incisions in the palms of the hands, and in the soles of the feet, and wash and fill them as before, sowing them up also, the fingers and toes; incisions being made and stopped as before. The Corpse being thus embalmed shall be anointed all over with Venice Turpentine, dissolved in oil of Roses or oil of Spike, and then it shall be covered all over with Cerecloth and put it into a Coffin of Lead, the which Coffin shall be filled with dry Aromatic herbs, as Rue, Wormwood, Time, Scordeum, Margerum, and others as shall be written hereafter, then cover it and let it be well sodered. To Embalm the Heart. THe Heart being washed with the said Vinegar compounded, shall be put to infuse in the said Vinegar in a pipkin being plastered round the lid, that the air enters not the space of five or six days, then take it out and make an incision in it, and fill it with balm and pieces of Cotton balmed, and sow it up again, than few it well into a little bag made of Scarecloth, and put it into a case of Lead, Silver, or Pewter, fashioned in the form of a Heart, and carry it whither you please. That the Simples which enter into the following Balms, as roots, herbs, seeds, etc. if they be not dry they must be dried in the shade or in an Oven after the Bread is drawn forth, before they be powdered. A Description of the Vinegar compounded, the which is to wash and soak the parts being warm, before you apply any of these Balms following. TAke Wormwood dry or green five or six handfuls, cut it into small pieces with a knife oppaire of Cizers; thirty Apples of Coloquintida, cut them into four quarters without throwing away the seeds, Roch Allom, and common Salt of each a pound, boil them together in eighteen pints of good Vinegar, until it cometh to fourteen pints; then strain and press it, and use it as is aforesaid. If with the said Vinegar compounded, strained, and pressed, you will put three pints of Life water or Aqua vitae it will be excellent. To make four sorts of Balms to powder and put into the parts of the body. The Description of the first Balm. TAke dry common salt, Allom of glass, of each a pound, beat them to powder in a mortar; then take Balm herb, or hoary Mints, Wormwood, water Mints, Sage, Rosemary, Origanum, Calamint, Time, Costus Hortensis, the greater and lesser Centory, and Scordeum of each six handfuls; all these herbs ought to be dried as I showed before, then put into the great mortar, and beaten to powder and seared; so beating and searcing them until they be all seared then mix with them the Alum and Salt, and so use it. A Description of the second Balm: TAke Hyssop, Time, Sage, Lavender, Rosemary, Wormwood, Marjoram, Rue and Scordeum of each eight handfuls; Ireos of Florence, Pepper, Ginger, Pellitory, and dry red Roses, of each half a pound, make them into a powder as followeth. The Salt being dry shall be powdered by itself, than beat the Ireos' pepper, Ginger, Pellitory, and dry Roses with the other simples, beating and searcing them all to powder, and when they are all seared mix with them the Salt and the Balm is made, the which use as before written. A Description of the third Balm. TAke Ireos of Florence, Gentian, Orange and Citron peeles; Ginger, juniper, Berries, Cyprus' Nuts, Benjamin, Frankincense, Aloes, Myrrh, Cinnamon, Cloves, of each half a pound, Rosemary, Sage, Lavender, Dill, Origanum, Cyprus, Wormwood, Balm, Time, Scordeum, of each eight handfuls, make the Balm as followeth. First, beat well together in the mortar the Ireos Gentian, Orange, and Citron peeles, Ginger, juniper Berries, Cyprus' Nuts, Cinnamon and Cloves, with the other simples, beating them all to powder and searcing them, than powder the Aloes, Myrrh, Frankincense, and Benjamin, with a little Oil anointing the bottom of the mortar and mix them altogether, and the Balm is done. A Description of the fourth Balm in case of necessity. SOmetimes one hath not the commodity to get the simples aforesaid, as in Armies, Towns, and Castles assieged: when some man of quality dyeth, and that his parents or friends will have him preserved for some time, to carry to some tomb of his Predecessors; then one must make necessity a virtue: for having emptied the three bellies as is showed before, wash them, and the incisions with common vinegar, if you have not the commodity to make the compounded; or if you have not common vinegar, take salt water, that is salt melted in water, and fill them up with this Balm following. Take ashes of Willow, and Lime, of each a sufficient quantity, fifth it through a sieve, and use it, but if you have no Lime take Chalk and do as before, being thus embalmed, rub and anoint the body over with this Linement following, and keep him in a temperate place not to hot nor to cold. A Description of the Linement to anoint the body after it is embalmed. TAke Oil of Olives, Roses or Spike one part, Venice or common Turpentine two parts, make thereof a Linement. Warm the oil upon the fire, then put to it the Turpentine, stirring them well together, and anoint the body all over with it being warm. The end of this Treatise: A Treatise of Ointments. A Balm or Balsam for all wounds that are newly made. TAke two ounces of Aqua vitae, put it into two Viols equally divided, and put into the one two dams of Myrrh, and a dram of Aloes in powder, and let it stand until it hath taken the colour. Then put two dams of Turpentine into the other Viol, and let it stand until that the Aqua vitae hath taken the colour of the Turpentine, than put them both together to use it Another for an old and new wound. O Liban. and Mastic of each an ounce, two ounces of Verdegrece, as much Galbanum, an ounce of Turpentine, and as much Rosin, oil of Olives a pound, and half a pound of oil of bitter Almonds, and as much oil of poppies, white wax an ounce, black pitch three ounces; melt your gums, and heat your oil with the Verdegrece, and strain them through a strong cloth and keep it in a pot or box. An ointment for new and old wounds. Beat three yolks of eggs with the bigness of a nut of washed Turpentine and a little Beane meal, it will keep but a month. Another for Apostumes and Boyles. Half a pound of Turpentine, four ounces of Virgin's wax, as much of Mutton suet; a little milk from a woman which hath a male child, and a little from one that hath a female child, boil them together until they be thick. For to eat dead flesh. THree ounces of honey put into a new pan or pipkin, a dram of green Coppras, and as much of Verdegrece and Allom, and half an ounce of galls, being all in powder stir them into the honey, and boil them until they become red. For a burn. Water of Nightshade and of Plantain, yolks of Eggs, oil of Roses, and Virgins wax as much of one as of another, melt them together and anoint the sore. For pain in the head. Beat Plantain with the urine of the diseased, and make a plaster and bind it upon the Temples. For black and blue eyes. Salted, honey, and wine boiled together, and the place anointed: Against the swelling of the throat. LEaven, honey, and juice of Smalladge mixed together and made into a plaster. For to stay bleeding in what place soever. IVyce of Shepherd's purse, Mastic, Oliban: Bol● Armenic: Dragon's blood, of each two dams to make a plaster. A washing for a Fistula, upon women's Breasts. LOng and round Plantain, Agrimony, C●●ntorie, and Wormwood of each half a handful, cut them small and boil them in a new pot or pipkin with a quart of wine, until it cometh to a pint, then strain it, and wash the pipkin, and put into it again that which is strained, and put to it two ounces of honey of Roses, and as much Syrup of Wormwood, then boil them a little, and when you will use it, put a little to warm in a saucer and keep the rest in a glass. Ointment or unguent: Martiatum. TAke Bay leaves three pound, Rue two pound, Marjoram two pound, Rosemary a pound and a half, Myrrh a pound, the tops of Marjoram and water Mints, seeds of Ocimum, of each six ounces; Butter six dams, Storax, Heart's grease, Bears grease, and Cock's grease, of each half an ounce; Mastic three ounces, Frankincense two ounces and a half, oil of Nard: an ounce, common oil six pound, Wax four pound; make an ointment according to art. It is good against cold Gouts, the Palsy, Sciatica, and generally against all diseases of the Nerves. A Stomachall ointment. TAke oil of Wormwood, Mastic, Nard of each an ounce, red Roses, red Coral, Cloves, Cinnamon, Lign: Aloes, Mastic, Mints, Shaenants of each a dram; Wax a sufficient quantity, make them into an ointment. It is very good to strengthen the stomach, and to appease those griefs which have come of cold, causing an appetite and helping digestion. Ointment of Marsh Mallows. TAke Marsh Mallow roots two pound, Faenugreeke and Linseeds of each a pound, Oil four pound, Wax a pound, Turpentine two ounces, Rosin six ounces; cut the roots, and beat them with the seeds and make a Mucilage, and take of the said Mucilage two pound, boil it with the other ingredients until it be all consumed; this ointment is good to warm and will keep three years. Galens' refreshing Ointment. TAke white Wax and oil of Roses, of each four ounces, beat them long together; first with fair water, washing them, then with Vinegar, and then with Rose water, and if you will keep it any time you must wash it often with Rose water. An Astringent Ointment. TAke Bole Armonic, Dragon's blood, and sealed earth, of each an ounce, oil of Roses six ounces, Wax a pound and a half, and of Vinegar, boil the wax, oil, and vinegar together, until the vinegar be consumed, then mix the other ingredients being in powder. The end of the Treatise. A Treatis of Precious Stones. Of the Bezoar stone. THe Bezoar stone is such an excellent Counter poison, that the Physicians have given its name to all the most excellent Antidotes, calling them medicaments Bezoarties: if it be powdered and put upon bitings of venomous beasts it will heal them; also being strewed upon biles or plague sores, it healeth them also, there is made Lozenges with it, and Rose water against all sorts of poison. Of the Emeraud. THe Emeraud hung about the neck, hindereth the accidents and assaults of the King's Evil, and healeth it also sometimes. Of another Stone. THere is found a stone in the belly of old Cocks, or in the Gizzard; the which (as is said) maketh him that weareth it constant, gracious, hardy, and happy in love, and the same held upon the tongue appeaseth thirst. Of the Amethyst. The Amethyst hindereth a man from drunkenness. Of the Saphir. THe true Saphir infused in water, and the eyes being washed therewith, draweth away all filth from the eyes. Of the Turqui Stone. THe Turqui Stone groweth in Ethiopia and is somewhat of a green colour, and being infused maketh a liquor as white as milk, and is very good against any pain of the eyes or hindrance of the sight. Of Crystal. Crystal engendereth of a pure liquor which hardeneth by little and little in the entrailes of the earth; it is found often with other mettles in mines in Holland and Spain: being powdered and mixed with white wine is good against dissenteries, and it stayeth the white flux of women, and causeth store of milk in women's breasts. Of Alabaster. Alabaster is well known of those which have visited the Antiquities of Rome, Alabaster burnt and incorporated with pitch or Rosin melted dissolveth hardness, and is good against the griefs of the stomach. Of the Serpentine Stone. THe Serpentine Stone worn about the neck is good against the pains of the head. Of the Stone of Arabia. IT drieth the Hemerods' being powdered, and put upon them, and it is good to make teeth white. Of the Stone of judea: THe bigness of a Nut of this Stone being powdered and drunk in warm water causeth urine, and and breaketh the Stone in the bladder. Of the Chalcedine Stone. THe Chalcedine hung about the neck hindereth melancholy. Of the Sponge stone. SPonge Stone being drunk in white wine breaketh the stone in the bladder. Of Coral. THose children which take half a scruple of Coral in powder with their Nurse's milk before they suck, shall never be troubled with the Epilepsy. The end of this Treatise. Of the virtue of Fruits Of Temperate Fruits. Of Figgs. OF all the Fruits of Autumn the Figs are the best, for they are very good to cleanse the breast; also they are good against a cough and the diseases of the lungs: dry Figgs eaten looseneth the belly, and they are good to dissolve tumours being mixed with meal and leaven. Of Raisins. Raisins of the Sun are very good against the diseases of the stomach, lungs and head, being eaten by themselves or with a little pepper. Currants are also good for the breast and causeth obstructions. Of Fruits hot in the first degree. Of Almonds. THe best sweet Almonds which are yellow and full and break white, are very good to avoid gross excrements, also they are good to cause Appetite and for those which have cold bellies. Of common Nuts. COmmon Nuts are hard of digestion and contrary to the stomach, but being eaten fasting they are very good against the worms of the belly; also being incorporated with the leaves of Rue, Figs, and a little Salt, are good against the pestilence and poison being taken fasting. Of fruits hot in the second degree. Of Capers. Caper's being taken in broth the quantity of two dams, and wine the space of forty days purgeth away gravel, and bringeth away by urine all bloody matter, it is also good against the Sciatica and Palsy, and for women which have not their flowers. Of Nutmegs. NVtmegs are very good to clear the sight, strengthen the stomach, to diminish gravel, to provoke urine, and to stay the flux of the belly, and is good against all cold diseases of the matrixe. Of Fruits hot in the third degree. Of juniper Berries. IVniper Berries taken in broth are very good for the stomach against all diseases of the breast, against a cough and against stingings of Serpents; also it is very good against Convulsions, and against the suffocations of the Matrix. Of Cloves. CLoves are very good for the stomach and heart, helpeth digestion, and stayeth the flux of the belly, four dams taken in milk being in powder, maketh a man valiant, and is good to clear the sight. Of Fruits hot in the fourth degree. Of Pepper. PEpper is good against venom, and it is sovereign against the Colic, and against all cold and gross humours. Of Fruits cold in the first degree. Of Citrons. CItrons are good to fortify and strengthen the stomach, and are very good against melancholy, and their seeds taken in broth and applied without, are good against stingings or bite of Scorpions, and their juice is good against the pestilence. Of Quinces. QVinces are good for the stomach and to provoke urine, and are good against the dissentery and flux of the belly; their decoction is singular good to foment the fundament or Matrix that cometh forth, and they are good against the inflammation of women's breasts and against vomitings. Of Pears. Pears are good against the stomach and are astringent, and are good against defluctions. Of Prunes. Prunes are very good to loosen the belly. Of Fruits cold in the second degree. Of Cucumbers. CVcumbers are refreshing to the stomach and are good for the bl●dder; the seeds boiled with milk and wine are goo● to provoke urine and against all diseases of the bladder. The leaves beaten with Wine healeth the bitings of dogs. Of Oranges. Oranges' are refreshing, and are good in Fevers; for to quench thirst the peel is hot and Cordial. Of Lemons. Lemons are very good against hot and pestilent Fevers, and the Syrup is very good to stay Fevers also, the juice of Lymons killeth worms in the bowels. Of Fruits which refresh the stomach. Of Cherries. CHerries are very good to refresh the stomach, and against the pain of the belly. Olives. OLives are also good to comfort and to refresh the stomach. Respases. REspases are very good to refresh the stomach, to stay vomitings, and are good against the flux of the belly. Of Fruits which engender seeds. Figs, Pine kernels, Nutmegs, and Pistaches, are good to augment and engender seeds. Fruits which are good against Poison. IVniper berries, common Nuts, Pepper, Citrons, etc. are good against venom and Poison. The End of this Treatise. To make Preserves dry and liquid. Of Preserves which comfort the Heart. Preserved Oranges. CHoose the best Oranges that have the thickest skins, cut them in quarters and lay them a soak in water five or six days, then boil them in honey syrup or sugar to the height. Citron peeles preserved or Candied. TAke Citrons and peel them, and cut them into slices and infuse them in water nine or ten days, then take them out of the water, and boil them in fair water until they be soft, then put them into julep or Sugar, and boil them unto the height of Sugar Candie, you may Aromatize them with a little Musk or a little Ambergris. In this manner you may Candie Oranges, Lemons, or any other rind or peeling. Of Apples. TAe Apples and peel them, and cut out the core, and the pippins within them, and cut them into quarters, boil them in julep or Sugar and water well, and the next day boil them again in Sugar and put them with the Syrup into a pot, Of Preserves which comfort the Belly. Of Ginger. PReserved Ginger or Candied Ginger is very good for the belly and against all hard humours thereof. Preserved Quinces. QVinces preserved and Aromatized, as Apples, are very good for the pains of the belly, and to stay vomiting also against the flux of the belly, and to strengthen the stomach and to help digestion. To make Marmalade. TAke eight pound of the flesh of Quinces, cleansed from their rind, pippins and stalks, boil them in water until they come into a paste, then pulp it through a sieve and boil it to the height with as much sugar, and put it into boxes. There are those which boil it but with half so much sugar; it is very good for the flux of the belly taking it before meals, and good against vomitings taken after meals; and for the loss of appetite. Preserved Pears. PReserve Pears, as the Quinces and Apples, and they are very good to strengthen the heart, and against the pains of the belly. Preserved Wallnuts. GAther the Wallnuts before they be hard when they are green, pair them as the Apples, and infuse them in water nine days, changing the water every day, then pierce them with a needle or bodkin in three or four places, and boil them in water until they be soft, then take them from the fire and stick them with Cinnamon and Cloves, and boil them in Sugar and put them into a pot. Preserved Cherries: GAther Cherries before they be quite ripe, put them into Sugar and boil them, and put them into pots or glasses. Of Dry Comfits or Candy's. TAke the Cortex or Rinde of Citrons, Oranges, Lemons, or any other bark or fruit, boil them first in fair water, having first infused them, then boil them in Sugar to the height, and then take them and dry them. The end of this Treatise. To make all manner of Fumes and Perfumes. Of Perfumes and Aromatic smells. PErfumes are certain medicaments simple and compounded, the which without putting in the fire will alter the head and hinder all ill smells and corruption of the air. They are also used diverse ways, sometimes only one simple medicament is used and held to the nose, as the seed Nigella infused in vinegar, and wrapped in a cloth or piece of silk; and at another time there is mixed many medicaments together and sometimes there are made Pomanders, Ointments and Bullets; the ingredients which ordinarily enter into Perfumes are Musk, Ambergris, Nigella, Margerum, Storax, Cloves, Ocimum, Staechados, Spikenard, Lavender wood, of Aloes, Labdanum, Roses, Violets, Saunders, water Lilies, Camphor and the like. You must observe that in making of Pomanders and Bullets, you must put the Musk and Ambergris the last of all the ingredients. Perfumes or suffumigations for the head: A Suffumigation to stay and dry Catarrhs. TAke Coriander seeds, Roses, Nigella, infused in Vinegar, of each an ounce and a half, Mastic, Frankincense, of each half an ounce, gum of juniper two ounces, make them into a powder, the which strew upon a chase dish of coals, and perfume the cap and clothes for the head you may make them into Trochisques with Rose water and gum Dragant if you please. Another Perfume of the same. TAke Frankincense, Mastic, Labdanum, Storax of each half a dram; beat them together and make them into Trochisques with gum Dragant dissolved in Rose water. A Suffumigation of a good smell to strengthen the head. TAke Trochis: of Gallia, Muscata a dram, Sage, Margerum and Rosemary of each a dram and a half, Cloves and Cinnamon of each a dram, wood of Aloes a scruple, four grains of Musk, make them into a powder, and use them as before. Another Perfume. TAke Frankincense, Cinnamon and Cloves of each a dram and a half, Citron peel a dram, wood of Aloes two scruples, Myrrh and Mastic of each a dram, Trochis: of Gallia, Muscata two dams, Labdanum two dams and a half: beat them together with oil of Myrrh, and form them into Trochisques. Another. TAke gum of juniper, Mastic, Roses of each a dram, Cloves, Storax of each three dams, make them into Trochisques with Turpentine: Cordial Perfumes. A Perfume against the sincopes or failings of the Heart. TAke Frankincense, Mastic, of each an ounce, dry Citron peel half an ounce, wood of Aloes, Storax, Cloves, Calamint of each three dams. Make a perfume for those that have pains at their heart: A Perfume to strengthen the animal and vital spirits. TAke red Roses, Staechaedos, Rosemary of each a dram, Frankincense two dams, Cloves, wood of Aloes of each a dram and a half, make them into powder, and make a Perfume. A Perfume against the corruption of the Air. TAke red Roses, Spikenard, wood of Aloes, Costus, Rosemary, Mastic, red Saunders, Bdellium, Labdanum, Olibanum, Saffron of each a dram and a half, Dock roots, Pepper, yellow Sanders of each three dams, Cardamomes, Cubebes, Camphor, of each half a dram, five grains of Musk, put them into powder, and make little Trochis: with Rose water. Suffumigations for the Lungs. A Perfume against the ulcers of the Lungs. TAke Coriander seeds, red Roses, Mastic, Frankincense, Myrrh of each three dams, Benjamin, Storax, Labdanum, Hypocistidos of each two dams; Auripigmentum a dram, powder them, and make Trochis. with Turpentine, and use them being a remedy against the ulcers of the nostrils, ears, and matrix. Another when there is any inflammation. TAke Coriander seeds prepared, red Roses of each an ounce, Labdanum, Hypocistidos of each three dams, white and red Sanders of each two drams, Poppy heads, Cortex, Mandragora of each two dams; Storax, Benjamin, of each a dram, Auripigment: half a dram, make them into Trochis: with gum dragant dissolved in Rose water: A Perfume against the Cough: TAke Mastic, Frankincense of each three drams, all the Sanders of each a dram, Storax, Labdanum, red Roses of each two dams, make them into powder to perfume night and morning the cap, and things for the head. Suffumigations for the Matrix. A Perfume against the Suffocation. THere are made ordinarily perfumes of stinking medicaments against the suffocation of the Matrix, as Assafaetida, Galbanum, Castor, and old shoes, because of their smell, they cause the suffocation to descend. A Perfume for to dry the Matrix. TAke Aliptae Moschatae, or Gallia Moschat, half an ounce, Benzoin, Calamus Aromaticus, of each two dams; make them into Trochis: which put upon a chafing dish, and receive the fume into the Matrix with a funnel. A Perfume to help conception. TAke Labdanum, Mastic, Gall: Moschat, Cloves, Calamus Aromaticus, Galingall, of each t●ree dams, red Roses two ounces, Hypocistidos, Castor of each two dams, make them into Trochisques with Mucilage of gum: dragant. Suffumigations for the joints. A Perfume against grief and pain. TAke leaves of Wormwood, Rosemary, Staechados, Camomile of each two ounces, Myrrh, Storax, Benzoin of each three dams, make them into Trochisques, and perfume Cotton, and apply the Cotton very warm. A Perfume against hard Tumours. TAke Cinnabaris two ounces, Bdellium, Myrrh, Storax of each half an ounce, make them into Bullets with Turpentine: A Perfume to provoke sweat for the Pox. TAke Cinnabaris two ounces, Storax, Benjamin, and Mirth, of each an ounce, make them into Trochisques with Turpentine, and perfume all the body except the head. Another for the same. TAke Cinnabaris half an ounce, Frankincense, Mastic, of each half an ounce, Calamus, Aromaticus, Zedoary, of each three dams; Olibanum, Sandarac, of each two dams; Ceruse half an ounce, make them into Trochisques with Turpentine. Another Perfume for the Pox. TAke Frankincense two dams, Mastic, juniper, Gum, Hypocistidos, of each half an ounce, Auripigment, three dams, Cinnabatis an ounce, make Trochis: with Turpentine. Odoriferent Suffumigations. Trochisques of wood of Aloes. TAke wood of Aloes, Labdanum, of each two dams, Benjamin two dams, Storax half a dram, Sugar Candie three ounces, Musk three grains, make them into Trochis: with Rose water. Trochis: of Gallia Moschata. TAke wood of Aloes five dams, Ambergris three dams, Musk a dram; make them into Trochis: with gum: dragant dissolved in Rose water. An Odoriferent Bag. TAke Cubebs half a dram, Cloves, Nigella of each a dram and a half, beat them together, and sow them in a little bag. Powder of Violets. TAke Ireos Root of Florence half a pound, Roses four ounces, Cyprus' roots, Marjoram, Cloves of each an ounce, yellow Sanders, Benjamin of each four ounces, Storax an o●nce, beat them into powder. Another powder of Violets. TAke Ireos root of Florence four pound, dry Marjoram four ounces, Calamus Aromaticus three ounces, Roses and Violets of each five ounces, Cloves half a dram, Musk a dram, make them into a very fine powder. A Pomander. TAke Storax an ounce, Cloves two dams, Benjamin, half an ounce, Ambergris half a dram, Musk fifteen grains, powder of Violets a little; incorporate them all together with Rose water. A Pomander against pestilential air. TAke Labdanum, Storax of each a dram, Cloves half a dram, Camphor, Spikenard, Nutmeg of each seven grains, beat them into fine powder, and make them into bullets with gum: dragant dissolved in Rose water. A Pomander which looseneth the belly by the smell. TAke Scammony, Myrrh, Aloes, of each a dram, Esula, Coloquintida, of each a dram and a half, beat them well together with the juice of Coriander and make two Balls. Candles to perfume the air. TAke Benjamin, Storax, of each four ounces, Frankincense, Olibanum, of each twelve ounces, Labdanum eighteen ounces, Nigella an ounce, Coriander seeds, juniper berries, of each half an ounce; liquid Storax fix ounces, Turpentine half an ounce; form them into Candles with gum: dragant and Rose water. Odoriferent Candles against Venom and the plague. TAke Labdanum three ounces, Storax ten drams, Benjamin six dams, Frankincense an ounce and a half, Staechados two ounces, red Roses, Cloves of each three ounces, Citron peel, yellow Sanders, of each three dams, juniper berries half an ounce, Musk and Ambergris of each half a scruple, form them into Candles with gum: dragant dissolved in Rose water. Musked Sope. TAke four pound of Castle Soap, cut it into small pieces; then take powder of Cloves and white Sanders of each two ounces, Benjamin an ounce, Musk twenty grains; incorporate them all together, and put to them two or three drops of Oil of Cloves or Nutmegs. FINIS. A Table of that which is contained in the first Book. THe manner to make Clysters. pag. 1 The manner to prepare suppositories pag. 8 A certain remedy to loosen the belly of those which are bound, and will not use Clysters nor suppositories pag. 9 The manner to make Injections pag. 11 To make Pessaries pag. 12 To make Ptisan simple ibid. To make Barley water pag. 13 The manner to take Bezoar ibid. To make Hydromell pag. 14 To make Ptisan Laxative pag. 15 To make Laxative medicines of diverse fashions ibid. To make water of Rhubarb pag. 17 To make a purging broth pag. 18 To make a Bolus of Cassia pag. 22 The manner to make Vomits pag. 24 To make Gargarisms pag. 25 To make Emultions pag. 26 To make Almond milk pag. 27 To make a Hordeat pag. 28 To make tablets of Sugar of Roses ibid. To make frontals pag. 29 To make Oxicrat pag. 30 To make Oxirrhodin ibid. To make Hydrelium pag. 31 To make Epithemes ibid. To make Sternatutories pag. 33 To make Fumes or Perfumes ibid. To make Fomentations ibid. To make Cataplasms pag. 34 To make Linements pag. 36 An excellent ointment for a burn pag. 37 To make a refreshing Cerat ibid. To make Colyriums' pag. 38 To make Vessicatories ibid. To make washings for the feet and legs pag. 40 Of Baths ibid. A Catalogue of those Instruments which the rich aught to have in their houses pag. 41 A Catalogue of those medicaments which the rich aught to have in their houses ibid. A Charitable and notable advertisement to the public pag. 44 The end of the Table. A Table of Treatises and Chapters in the last Book. A Catalogue of all the Instruments necessary to furnish an Apothecary pag. 65 Of Clarification pag. 67 To clarify decoctions and infusions a part without Sugar pag. 69 To Clarify Apozeams with Syrups, and also to make Clarified Whey pag. 70 To draw juices pag. 71 To draw juice of Quinces pag. 72 To draw the juice of Red and Damask Roses ibid. To draw the juice of Mulberries pag. 73 To draw the juice of Cherries. ibid. To draw the juice of Citrons and Lemons pag. 74 To clarify the said juices ibid. To draw the juice of Apples and to clarify them pag. 76 To boil Sugar to the height, to make tablets of Sugar of Roses ibid. Of infusions to make Syrups pag. 79 To know when Syrups are boiled enough ibid. For to remedy those Syrups which are to much boiled, or to little, or candied pag. 80 To draw the pulp of Dates pag. 81 To draw pulpes of Cassia, Tamarinds, Prunes, etc. ibid. Of medicaments which are put in powder, and first of Seine pag. 82 The manner to dry medicaments which are afterwards put in powder pag. 83 How you must powder Myrrh, Aloes, Rhubarb, Saffron, and Assafaetida pag. 84 How to powder Scammony, and how to powder Mastic pag. 85 To powder Trochis: of Agarick ibid. To powder Camphor and Cinnamon pag. 86 Of the Infusion of Oils ibid. Of the boiling of Oils pag. 87 Of the boiling of Plasters ibid. To wash hog's grease for unguent: rosat: pag. 88 To wash Ceruse pag. 89 To wash Litarge ibid. To burn and wash lead pag. 90 To prepare Tuttie stone ibid. To Calcine Roman Vitriol pag. 91 To make Cream and Salt of Tartar pag. 92 The second Treatise of Syrups. TO make Syrup of Violets pag. 93 Of Infusion of Violets and Damask Roses pag. 95 To make Syrup of Coltsfoot pag. 96 To make Syrup of Damask Roses ibid. To make Syrup of red Poppies pag. 97 To make Syrup of water Lilies ibid. To make Syrup of Maidenhair pag. 98 To make Syrup of jujubes ibid. To make Syrup of Marsh Mallows pag. 99 To make syrup of Succory with Rhubarb pag. 100 To make syrup of Poppies pag. 102 To make syrup of Lemons ibid. To make syrup of Quinces ibid. To make syrup of Apples pag. 103 To make syrup of Mulberries ibid. To make syrup of Cherries pag. 104 To make syrup of dried Roses ibid. To make syrup of Wormwood ibid. Of Syrups with honey. To make despumd honey pag. 105 To make honey of Roses ibid. To make honey of Violets pag. 106 To make honey of Mercury ibid. Of Conserves. To make Conserve of Violets ibid. To make Conserve of Roses pag. 107 To make Conserve of water Lilies ibid. To make Conserve of Coltsfoot ibid. To make Conserves of Borage, bugloss, Rosemary and Betony flowers. pag. 108 The third Treatise. TO make Elect: Lenitive for the rich pag. 109 To make Elect: Lenitive for the poor pag. 111 To make Catholicon ibid. To make Diaprunes pag. 112 To make Diaphaenicon pag. 113 To make Benedict Laxat: pag. 114 Tablets of Mechoacan ibid. Of Trochisques. To make Trochis: of Agarick pag. 115 To make Trochis: of Athandal pag. 116 To make Trochis: of Myrrh ibid. Of Pills. To make stomach pills or ante Cibum pag. 117 To make pilul: sine quibus ibid. To make pills of Agarick pag. 118 To make pills of Rhubarb ibid. To make somniferous pills pag. 119 To make powder of three Sanders ibid. To make Diambra Aromat: Rosat: pag. 120 To make Diatragagant ibid. To make powder of Liquorish pag. 121 Of Confect: Alkermes Hyacinth and Venice Treacle pag. 122 The fourth Treatise. To make oil of Roses pag. 123 To make oil of Violets pag. 124 To make oil of water Lilies ibid. To make oil of Camomile pag. 125 To make oil of Lilies ibid. To make oil of Wormwood, Dill, Rue, and Margerum ibid. To make oil of Mastic ibid. To make oil of Capers pag. 126 To make oil of Castor ibid. To make oil of Worms pag. 127 To make oil of sweet and bitter Almonds ibid. Of Ointments. To make unguent Basilicon pag. 128 To make ungent Aureum ibid. To make unguent Aegyptiacum pag. 129 To make muudification of Smalladge ibid. To make unguent Album pag. 130 To make Dissicative red ibid. To make Diapompholigos pag. 131 To make unguent Populeon ibid. To make ointment of Roses pag. 132 Of Plasters. To make Diachilon Plaster pag. 133 To make Diapalma pag. 134 To make Emplast: Divinum ibid. To make plaster of Betony pag. 135 Of the distillation of waters pag. 136 Of Treacle water ibid. Of Cinnamon water pag. 137 To make Hippocras pag. 138 FINIS.