THE GREAT AND FAMOUS BATTLE OF LUTZEN, Fought between the renowned King of Sweden, and Walstein;  
Wherein were left dead upon the place between 5 and 6000. of the Swedish party, and between 10 and 12000. of the Imperialists, where the King himself was unfortunately slain, whose death counterpoised all the other. Pappenheim, Merode, Isolani, and diverse other great Commanders were offered up like so many Sacrifices on the Swedish Altar, to the memory of their King.  
Here is also Inserted an Abridgement of the King's life, and a Relation of the King of Bohemia's Death.  
Faithfully translated out of the French Copy.  
❧ Imprinted 1633.   

To the Reader.  
WE see that in the greater Maps things are expressed more plainly than they can be in the smaller, though they be drawn all by one skill: So Virtue in Princes is more perspicuous, then in Plebeians; in the  she is drawn at length with all her dimensions; in the latter she is limned in little, being invisible, unless you approach very near her. And, indeed, this is consonant to Natures own Wisdom, who suffers the vitali spirits in the body to go to the least member, yea to the very finger's end; yet doth she most plentifully bestow them where she hath the greatest employment for them: so on the vulgar she confers gifts suitable to so low a Calling: But in Princes and Monarches, she centuples and irradiates her ornaments, because by them she speaks, and gives Laws to Humanity. Yet is not this Rule so general, that it often suffers not an exception: for as Nature distinguisheth between the Subject and the Prince by Sovereignty, so doth she between Prince and Prince by Virtue, and Ability. That this is true, this our dear Tragical subject will serve for a lively and clear demonstration, whom neither this Age, nor any of the former could parallel in the management both of the Sceptre, and the Sword. In his whole Reign, his prudency at home hath not deserved more admiration than his Prowess abroad: For indeed, from his Youth upwards, Mars hath been the Sphere wherein he hath moved, into which violated justice first halled him, and out of which nothing but she appeased, or Death could remove him. He was a General ere a Man, and with a yet unreaped Chin mowed down his Enemies before him. With many Kingdoms at once he waged war, from all which he forced conditions advantageous to him and his. This was not without the amazement of all men, to see a Point oppose and conquer so  a circumference. In his wars I will only observe three things, His Way to Victory, his behaviour in it, his Carriage after it. For the first, he did animate his Soldiers rather by Fight, then Exhorting; nor did he challenge to himself any advantage above the meanest of them, but Honour and Command. He knew that it is in Empire, as in the Body, where the most dangerous diseases flow from the Head: Wherefore he worked on their manners by his own, the only firm Cement of a General and his Army. He well understood that Faith and Loyalty are not to be expected where we impose thraldom and servitude, and therefore at times he would be familiar as well with the Common Soldier as the Commander. His Invention, and execution of all Military stratagems were ever twins: for in all his Conquests he owed as much to his Celerity, as Valour. When his foes were in their Tents securely discoursing of him, as a fare off, he like the Wolf, broke into their fable, to their irrecoverable astonishment. They could not withstand the force of his Fame, much less that of his Arms. One feather more I must add, without which his Victories had not been fully plumed, nor could have soared so high, and that was this: He never persuaded any man to an Enterprise, in which he would not himself make one. He taught them as well by Hand, as Tongue. I may add, that neither Antiquity can, nor Posterity ever shall produce a Prince so patiented of all Military wants, as of meat, drink, warmth, sleep, etc. all which are necessary to the maintenance of life. In diverse sufferings of his he recalls to my mind the most accomplished of the Romans, Cato, who leading his Troops through the contagious and poisonous Deserts, was ever the last of his Army that drank, save once, when he began to them all in water taken from a spring suspected to be envenomed.  
Thus much of his way to Victory, now let us come to his Deportment in it. After all his Conquests, such a calm immediately ensued, that the passed storm was soon forgotten, and the Enemy appeared rather like one suddenly wakened, then frighted. There was not any of his Victories that washed not her hands of all cold and innocent blood. He was so severe a justicer, that he often revenged the violating of his merciful Decrees even upon the place, & sometime on men of quality, whom he affected. The Laws of Retaliation he knew so well, that he gave to all men punctual satisfaction for all offences received from his party, according to the nature of the wrong done. For this cause his Tribunal (like the Roman) stood ever open. All his great Achievements were ever attended by Devotion within, and Circumspection without. He first praised God, and then provided for man, at once having an eye on his enemies next designs, & his soldiers present necessities. The greatest of his glories purchased with blood & sweat, could neither change the estate of his mind, or copy of his countenance. The true greatness of his spirit was such, that in all his actions he placed Ostentation behind, & Conscience before him, & sought not the reward of a good deed from Fame, but from the deed itself. I conclude this point with this assertion, That Honesty had as strict, and great a command over him, as Necessity over mankind. He was a Prince of so great & clear a fame, that Envy herself blushed to oppose it, and therefore was forced to assume the mask of Religion, under which she might securely display her invectives. Religion, Religion, it is thou that shouldst unite, but dost estrange hearts, and makest us seek to take away even those lives that gave us ours. Let a man have in eminency all the Cardinal and Theological virtues, he of a contrary sect looks on all these through a mist raised by his malice, which makes him either not see them at all, or not as they are. O jesus, jesus, in thy best blessed time gather thy strayed flock into one fold, & let Truth and Peace kiss each other. This testimony the perfections of this Prince drew from me, who was abstemious & continent in every thing, save in the search of Glory and Virtue.  
It now remains that I say something of the ensuing Treatise, in which is contained the last and greatest Battle of this King, his deplored Death, and other weighty Circumstances. The Original is French, written by one of the ablest Pens of that Nation. He gins at the Kings coming down into Germany, and extends his Story to his death. Of all the Modern Histories, I dare make it the Chorus; for it is written in a style so Attic, and so judicial, that it may well be called, The French Tacitus. What hath been before delivered in other Discourses concerning this Subject, is to this nought else but a Fail. The full and perfect Translation of this rare piece, I here promise the Courteous Reader; and in the mean time, entreat him to wear as a favour, this Branch, by which he may judge the whole body,  
Dix●.   

The great and famous Battle of Lutzen, fought between the renowned King of Sweden, and Walstein, wherein were left dead upon the place between 5. and 6000 of the Swedish party, and between 10. and 12000. of the Imperialists, where the King himself was unfortunately slain, whose death counterpoised all the other. Pappenheim, Merode, Islonain, and diverse other great Commanders were offered up like so many sacrifices on the Swedish Altar, to the memory of their King.  
Here is also Inserted an Abridgement of the King's life, and a Relation of the King of Bohemia's Death.  
THE King having mustered his Troops, and those of Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar about Erffurt, the Army received command to advance towards Naumburg.  
The King came thither in person on Saint Martin's day, and cut in pieces two Regiments of Merode, that opposed him by the way. He was no sooner arrived at Naumbourg, but he received Intelligence that the Enemy's forces lay encamped at Leipzig, and Noerspurg, and stretched thence in length as fare as Weissenfels, and that they were entrenched in a place advantageous. Which proceeding of theirs obliged the King to do the like at Naumbourg, and to seek the means to join his Army with the Electoral, which then lay about Torgau, consisting of fifteen thousand men, and reenforced with two thousand Horse, belonging to the Duke of Lunebourg. He sent diverse Posts to inform them of his coming, and of the courses were to be taken for their uniting. Walstein, and Pappenheim being lodged between them, had an eye on them both, and made it their only study to hinder their conjunction. On the fourteenth of November, the Scours of the King brought him word, the Enemy had sacked, and abandoned the City, and Castle of Weissenfells, laid plain his Trenches, and retired himself towards Lutzen, two Germane miles from Leipzig. The King hearing this news, resolved no longer to delay the Fight, his courage not permitting him to temporize any further, nor to attend the return of his Posts sent to the elector.  
That which confirmed him in this his Resolution, was the assurance of certain prisoners brought him by Relinguen, that Pappenheim was gone to Hall with six Regiments Wherefore his Army had order to march toward the enemy, the fifteenth, three hours before day, and to dare him to a Battle. The diligence of the Van was such, that it reached the enemy by the second hour after Noon, and began the Assault. The Imperialists failed not to make head, and a strong resistance. Many charges were given with advantage, and loss equal, the victory inclining now to this side, then to that, till at length the Swedes gave fire to their small Field-pieces, which pierced, and broke sundry Imperial Companies, and forced them to a Retreat. The Swedes became Masters of the Field, and brought to the King a Standard taken from the Enemy, with this Devise, La Fortune, & l'Aigle Romain, Fortune, and the Roman Eagle. Hence some drew this Prognosticke, that the enemy should ere long part with the one and the other. A thick mist, and the night coming upon them, the Swedes were hindered in the pursuit of the enemy, and the victory.  
The King remained in the Field, and stood in order of Battle all night, having no other shelter then his Caroche, resolved to follow close his Design, and engage the enemy to a general Combat. He communicated his Intention to the Dukes of Saxon-Weymar, and other remarkable Commanders, who passed away that night near his Caroche, having nothing over their heads, but the Heavenly Arch, nor any thing under them, but trusses of straw laid upon the earth. Their field furniture they left behind, believing they should return to lodge in Naumbourg. But the patience of their General made them with ease pass over these inconveniences. Some of the principal Officers endeavoured to dissuade the King from giving Battle, alleging that the Forces of the Enemy were great, his Seats advantageous, their own Army feeble, and wearied with continual Marches; and that it was fare safer to wait for the arrival of the Saxon, and make so strong an union, as may promise success in the equality of their Armies. Their reasons were not received, but crossed by the King, with many more solid, derived from the Experience of the times past, and the present astonishment of the enemy, from the courage of his Soldiers, and his advantages obtained, from the justice of his Arms, from the Benediction from above, from the absence of Pappenheim, and the discommodities he should be subject to in that season now waxing bitter, in case he should suffer the enemy to perfect his Trenches, which he had already begun in many places. To which he added his Reputation, and how important it was to hasten the Combat, saying aloud, That he could not suffer Walstein to beard him, without calling him to an account, and letting him see by proof he was not to be faulted, that ere this he had not seen him with his sword in his hand: that he desired to make trial of his ability in the Field, and ferret him out of his burrows.  
The Commanders perceiving by the language, and tone of the King, that his decree to fight was inevitable, and their opposition fruitless, conformed their wills by an humble obedience to his, not without reiterated protestations to subscribe themselves his, in their own blood, and seal it with the loss of their lives: Whereat the King rejoiced extremely, nor could he contain his joy from appearing in his face, but by his cheerful looks expressed his inward content, and forthwith called for a new suit of Chammois, which he presently put on. Then they presented to him his Arms, and the Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymar, and sundry other Princes, and Officers conjured him by all things dear and holy to wear his Helmet and Cuirasse: but they could not win him to it, he objecting the encumbrance, and laying his hand on the Musket bullet still remaining in his shoulder, which to him made the least weight unsupportable.  
The King's design was to begin the combat by the peep of day; but so thick and dark a mist arose, that it confined the eye to a small distance, and rendered any enterprise not only difficult, but dangerous: Wherefore the King was constrained to expect till the Sun had chased it away, which till then had deprived him of all sight of the Enemy. The interim (according to his custom) he employed in his devotions, and in making the Round of his Army, to mark the disposition and countenance of his soldiers, and encourage them to fight manfully. Coming to the Quarter of the Swedes and Finlanders, he put them in Battle Ray, and with a voice and countenance alike chee efull he thus bespoke them: 
Comrades is in English Chamber-fellows.  My friends, and Comrades, this is the day that invites you to demonstrate what you are; show yourselves men of valour, keep your ranks, and fight couragiausly for yourselves and your King: If this day the bravery of your spirits shine forth, you shall find the heavenly Benediction perched on the points of your swords, Honour, and a recompense of your valour; On the contrary, if you turn back, and basely and foolishly commit the armed hand to the protection of the unarmed foot, you shall find Infamy, my disgrace, and your own ruin, and I protest to you on the word of a King, that not the least piece of you, or of your bones, shall return again into Swedeland.  
This Exhortation, delivered in a high and piercing tone, won from the Swedes and Finlanders only these general acclamations: That they would approve themselves men of Honour; that they had lives only for him, which they were ambitious to preserve in the obtaining of victory, and his good graces.  
The Swedes being placed in Rank and File, the King embattailes the Alman Regiments, and thus in few words exhorts them: My friends, Officers, and Soldiers, I conjure you, by your love to heaven and me, this day to manifest whose you are; You shall fight not only under me, but with me, my blood and life shall mark you out the way to Honour; Break not your ranks, but second me with courage: If you perform this, Victory is ours with all her glories, you, and your posterity shall enjoy it; if you give back, your lives and liberties have one period.  
This Speech was answered with an universal shout, and vows reciprocal; That they would make it appear they knew the way to Victory, or to death; that the King should receive all satisfaction in their service, and the Enemy should acknowledge he had to do with men of Honour.  
Walstein, and his principal Officers discovered quickly by his Scouts the resolution of the King, and the countenance of his, and thereupon grounded this resolution, that they must needs come to blows. Walstein was infinitely desirous to avoid the Combat; but he was wisely admonished by some about him, that every step his men made in a retreat would take from their courage, and give it to the Enemy, and bring upon his Army a Panic fear, and an utter confusion. He spent that whole night in digging and entrenching, in embattailing his Army, and planting his Artillery in divers places advantageous, the better to sustain the shock of the Enemy. Pappenheim was sent for back in post hast, who was gone to Hall, being very desirous to invest it, not believing that the King would give or accept of battle, before the Forces of Saxon were arrived. In the mean time the utmost endeavours of Walstein were not wanting to hearten his men, and laid before them Honour, Reward, their advantages, their Forces, the justice of their cause, which God, the Catholic Church, the Emperor, and the whole Empire justified against the violence and usurpation of a stranger, and all this and more he uttered in his Litter, which his Gout would not permit him to forsake.  
This was subject to divers interpretations; Some believing that indeed he felt some symptoms of that sickness very familiar to him; others maintained, this posture to have no good grace on a day of Battle, and judged that Walstein was very willing to preserve himself safe and sound, that he might hereafter serve his Master, and his party: others averred, he was much indebted to his Gout, which did warrant his retreat without his reproach, necessity commanding the stoutest courage to yield to such an Enemy.  
On the other side, the King being ready at all points, and his Army embattled, he would take no refection, because he would be an example to his men, and lose no time. Being placed in the head of Steinbocks Regiment, he thus spoke with avoyce audible: Now, now is the time Comrades, we must go on undaunted; let us charge, let us charge in the name of God: jesus, jesus, jesus aid me in fight this day, and favour my right.  
These words were no sooner pronounced, but he gave spurs to his horse, and with his head inclined, gave a charge to a Battalion of four and twenty Companies of Cuirassiers, which were esteemed the flower of the Imperial Army. Two Swedish Regiments had order to second him. The Artillery of the King was advanced, and five Cannon shot discharged upon the Enemy, who answered them with two hundred, which went off with a horrid noise, and lightning, but with small loss to the Swedes, the Cannoneers of Walstein not having well taken their aim. But the first shock was fatal to the King, and all the Army: For though the Squadrons led by so brave a Chief, with an unheard of resolution, gave on like Thunder on the Enemy, and made him recoil; yet one shot from a Pistol gave him new courage, which pierced the King's arm, and broke the bone. When those next the King saw him bleed, they were amazed, and cried out, The King is wounded. Which words the King heard with much distaste and repining, fearing it would abate the valour of his men: wherefore dissembling his grief with a joyful and undaunted look, he sought to qualify the fear of his Soldiers with these masculine words: The hurt is slight Comrades, take courage, let us make use of our odds, and return to the Charge. The Commanders that were about him, with hands lifted up, earnestly besought him to retire: but the apprehension of frighting his men, and his ambition to overcome prevailed.  
The Assault being rebegunne with vigour, and fervour, and the King fight again in the head of his Troops, once more to break those Ranks that were again made up, the loss of blood, and the grief which he felt in the agitation of his body, enfeebled much his spirits and voice, which caused him to whisper these words in the ear of the Duke of Saxon of Lavenburg; Convey me hence, for I am dangerously wounded. He had scarcely ended his speech, and turned head to retire, when a Cuirassier marking this retreat, advanced upon the gallop from the Battalion of the Enemy, and discharged his Carabin full in the shoulder of the King, with this insulting speech: And art thou there then? long it is that I have sought thee. Some imagined that it was Pappenheim that gave the blow, by reason he had often vaunted, that an ancient prediction was found amongst the Records of his Family, That a Stranger King should dye by the hand of a Pappenheim, with divers scars in his body, and mounted on a white Horse. And for this cause (having many scars in his face, and divers other parts of his body stitched up) he reflected on himself, and believed the Prophecy should be accomplished by his hand. But this needs no other confutation than the absence of Pappenheim, and the time when the King received his hurt, which was in the very beginning of the Assault, before Pappenheim could make one of the adverse party. I may add, that the discretion of this worthy Count would not have suffered him to run into an error so uncivil, as to speak so undecently to a Prince of that eminency.  
When the King had received this mortal wound, which pierced him through and through, he fell from his Horse, and gave up the Ghost, with nothing but (my God) in his mouth. He that made this accursed shot was beaten down with a storm of Harquebusadoes, and sacrificed to the indignation of the Swedes. But while the Groom of the King's Chamber, and divers others lighted to raise the body, the charge began again more furiously than ever; the Enemy having taken notice of this blow, and concluding that all was now finished, and that he should have Swedes good cheap. This hindered the King's servants from bearing of his body, and summoned every man to regain the stirrupe, and withstand the foe: so that the King could not be defended from receiving another pistol shot in the head, and being twice run through with a sword: The imperialists fearing him even after death, and cowardly suspecting his speedy resurrection. The poor Groom of his Chamber never forsook him, but breathed his last upon his Master's carcase, after the receipt of an infinity of wounds.  
But neither the King's death, nor the great odds that the enemy had, being strongly entrenched in diverse places, could let the Swedes (madded with their inestimable loss) from assaulting the imperialists with an unspeakable fury, insomuch that they compelled the Battalion of Cuirassiers (which made the left Wing) to retire into their Trenches, whom they dislodged about noon, and gained seven of their Cannon, together with many Colours and Cornets.  
Lieutenant Colonel Relinguen received command to advance, and with three hundred Horse, to charge four Regiments of Crabbats commanded by Isolani, which made the right wing of the Enemy, which he performed with so much bravery and courage, that he twice pierced through them, and brought back three Standards, leaving behind one of his own. All his Officers were wounded, and he himself in the second onset had his arm shot through with a Pistol bullet, which forced him to retire. Isolani General of the Crabbats lost his life, with a great number of his men. Eighteen of his Companies charged some German Regiments that guarded the Baggage, but they were stoutly opposed, the Combat fierce, the Assaults reiterated, the earth died crimson, and burdened with carcases, the Crabbats driven back, though not without some disorder of the German Horse, recoiled amongst the Carts: but this disadvantage the Enemy could not espy, by reason of a thick cloud which then arose, and gave the Germans opportunity to rank themselves.  
The Imperial Commanders, Galas, Merode, and Holok, longing to recover their Seat, and Cannon lo●●, took selected Bands, fired the four Corners of Lurzen, to blind the Swedes, and keep them from piercing that side, to the succour of their friends. This Essay was followed by success, the Trench force by the imperialists, the seven pieces of Cannon lost, regained, and some Swedish Regiments disordered.  
The Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymar seeing the confession of his men, and being advertized by Kinphausen of the King's death, was extremely incensed, and protesting he had not so base a wish as to survive him, he ran (with his head couched) on the enemy, seconded by the Regiments of the Prince of Auhalt, and Count Lowenslein. Then the fight became obstinate on both sides, the Charges redoubled, the Carcases piled up, the Pikes broken, and the difference come to be decided by dint of Sword. The eye of man, nor that greater of the World ever beheld a joust more furious. The Imperialistes striven to hold their advantage recovered, and the Swedes to dispossess them of it. The Duke Bernard did wonders that day. Thrice like Lightning shot he through the Forces of the Enemy, nor could a wound received on the left Arm cause him to leave the field, before he had constrained the Enemy to abandon the Cannon, and his Post.  
The winning of this opened him the way to the conquest of another: For this valiant Prince pressed the Imperialist so hard, that he again disranked them, and compelled them to quit another Post, guarded with thirteen Cannon. His dexterity in the drilling of his men, in the opening and shutting of his ranks was such, that they received little or no hurt from the Enemy's Cannon. The Duke undaunted, pierced through the clouds of smoke, displaced the enemy, and made himself Master likewise of this place, and of the Cannon, and driven the enemy to a confused Retreat. The slaughter was great, and the Swedes well blooded, made good life of their advantage, and the disorder of their foes, passing over their bellies, killing all that came in their way, and stopping their ears against all motives for quarter.  
The Duke possessed of this place, and Master of the Field, between two and three in the afternoon, thinking there was but one Post to force, seared by a Windmill, and guarded by three Imperial Regiments, endeavoured to remove them, sending in the mean time sundry Squadrons to chase the fugitives. But then the fight grew more cruel than ever: For Pappenheim was returned from Hall, and came upon the gallop with certain fresh Regiments. His Reputation, and his concouragement gave new spirits to the Runaways, and called them to the combat. The Duke having notice of this, quits this place, new ranks and encourages his men, and gives Pappenheim a meeting in the midway. All the Charges past were nothing in respect of these latter. Pappenheim employed his utmost cunning and diligence, and shown himself in all places in the Head of his Troops, to embolden them. On the other side, the Duke Bernard fixed a resolution either to die, or overcome; and the Swedes and Finlanders enraged for the death of their King, fought like Lions, and desperately ran upon the enemy. The Artillery advanced, and began to thunder, and to enter diverse Battalions, and to make legs and Arms to fly from one place to another. The smaller shot was also see violent, that the Squadrons encountered in the palpable darkness caused by the smoke without knowledge of their parties. This furious shock contained two hours, with equal loss to both, Victory opening her arms to embrace now one side, then another. Galas, Merode, and Holok were wounded to death, and a Cannon shot cut off Pappenheim by the middle.  
His death, and the loss of diverse other Commanders, staggered the Imperialistes, as much as that of the kings incensed the Swedes. Then the enemy (upon the receit of a new salute from four and twenty Cannon, which pierced their thickest Troops) began to fly, and the Swedes pressed and pursued them far within night, which favoured the retreat of the fugitives, and hindered the Swedes from ranging further in the chase. Indeed they were so tired, that they had neither breath, nor force furtherto follow them. The imperialists (giving fire to their camp, and part of their baggage,) took some the way of Leipzig, others that of Leutmeritz, towards the Frontiers of Bohemia, whither it was thought Walstein was gone, (having heard of the loss of the Battle) to find a safe place of retreat, and to gather together his dispersed Troops.  
The Swedes remained in possession of the Enemy's camp, and most of his Baggage, of one and twenty exquifite Cannon, besides inseriour ones, and a multitude of Standards and Corners. Upon the mustering of their Army, they found wanting, (over and above the incomparable, and irreparable loss of their King) the Major General Isslet, and other Colonels, and Officers. A Prince of Anhalt, a Count of Nilis, the Colonels Brandestein, Wildenstein, Relinguen, and Winchell received that day deep and honourable wounds. The Duke Bernhard of Weymar also was hurt, to whose valour and conduct the Swedian party (after God) owes the glory of that day, more bloody by far, then that which was sought the year passed in the neighbouring fields of Leipzig. The Duke Ernest of Weymar also infinuated himself into the hearts of all men by his courage, and leading that day. The Regiments of these two Princes, and those of the Prince of Anhalt, of the Count of Lewestein, of Colonel Brandestein, and the two Swedish Colonels, surnamed, The Blue, and the Yellow, bore the brunt of that day. The Swedes lost between five and six thousand men, and the enemy between ten and twelve thousand remaining on the place, and two thirds of their Army ruined, and dispersed, besides the death or mortal wounds of diverse of their remarkable Commanders, as Calas, Merode, Holok, Piccolomini' Isolani, and diverse others. Pappenheim above all the rest was bewailed by his party, and not without just cause; his courage, his Conduct, his Vigilancy, and Experience having conspired to rank him in the Soldiers esteem amongst the bravest Generals of these times.  
But this glorious Victory of the Swedian Army suffered an Eclipse by the death of that truly great King, who was the soul of his Friends, and the terror and scourge of his Enemies. His body could not be found till the next day, when after a curious search it was discovered amidst the dead heaps rifled, and half naked, and so disfigured with blood, and dirt, that he could hardly be known. This at once so doleful and glorious a spectacle of the end of so great a Monarch, worked so strongly, and effectually on the hearts of his Soldiers, that with tears and lamentations for a loss so irreparable, they made an unanimous Vow, upon the place to revenge his death, and make him revive in the rigorous pursuit of his Designs, which he had so often conjured them to continue, especially a little before this Battle, when he seemed to presage his end, touching which he discoursed often and seriously with many of his familiars. Amongst other passages, the King marking the multitude of people that flocked about him at his entry into Naumbourg, three days before the Battle, and hearing their shouts of joy, and this general acclamation, Long live the King, as if now they had nothing to fear, since he was present, he made to the standers by this short but memorable speech: Our Affairs answer our desires, but I doubt God will punish me for the folly of the people who attribute too much to me, and esteem me as it were their God, and therefore he will make them shortly see I am but a man. He be my witness it is a thing distasteful to me. What ever befall me, I shall receive it as proceeding from his divine will: In this only I rest fully satisfied, that he will not leave this great Enterprise of mine imperfect.  
The seventeenth of November immediately following the day of Battle, and the King's death Duke Bernard of Weymar retired to Weissenfels to take a general review of his Army, and to give rest, and breath to his over wearied Troops. By the review of his Regiments, it appeared that his Army was be 'tween fifteen and sixteen thousand strong. The Duke imparted his present estate, and all other necessary particulars to the Court of Saxon, and urged the elector to an uniting of their Forces, to the end they might follow close their design, and pursue Walstein to the remotest parts of Austria. After this, all the Army, as well Swedish as German, agreed in the election of Duke Bernard for their General, and took a new Oath faithfully to serve him, who had deserved so well of the Swedian party by so many benefits, by his vigilancy, his conduct, and the greatness of his same in War: but above all, by his resolution, and incomparable valour, of which he made so opportune and clear a demonstration on that bloody day of Battle. The Chancellor Oxesterne (who lay when about Frankfort) was sent for in all haste to manage the affairs of the Chancery Royal removed to Erfurt; but chiefly, to serve and counsel the desolate and disconsolate Queen, environed wih griefs and crosses inexprimable, yet but equal to the greatness of her loss. The said Chancellor, and the Chevalier Rache served happily to rectify sundry disorders, and to raise the spirits of such as were dejected; but principally, to stop the flood of tears flowing from the eyes of this most virtuous Princess, and to replant in her mind generous and masculine resolutions.  
De la Gorde was sent for in post hast, who was embarked in Swedeland with certain Regiments of Swedes, and Finlanders, to bring a supply to the Camp Royal, and reinforce it, the dead King being anchored in this maxim, to make continual levies, (notwithstanding the number of his Armies) that so he might have men at will to fill up those empty Companies, which the Sword, mortality, and many other military miseries might unhappily depopulate.  
But notwithstanding the death of this mighty Prince, the astonishment and fright of the Enemy was such, that he basely forsook divers strong and impregnable places in the Electorate of Saxony. Amongst others the City of Leipzig was forsaken, and the Castle razed to the ground, Chemnits was taken, Zwickaw invested and forced, the Duke Bernard following close his good fortune, and making good use of the Enemy's amazement. To this he was animated the more, by the fixed decree of the confederate Princes, to make all fast, and more and more to knit a firm Union with the Swedes, that so jointly, that so both of them jointly might execute, and fulfil the intentions and exhortations of the deceased King.  
Walstein having notice betimes of his men's infortunity, and the advantage of the Swedes, recovered Leipsig that night, and before day took the way of Leutmeritz, where he recollected is disbanded men, and added to them six fresh Regiments that had not been engaged in the Battle. After the often sending of his Posts to all parts, at length Altringer had order from the Duke of Bavaria to join half his Army to that of Walstein.  
Notwithstanding the somiserable defeat of the Imperialists, bonfires were made in divers parts of Bavaria, for the death of the King, and Te Deum chanted aloud through all the streets of Ingolstatt, and Ratisbone. But these vain fires, and triumphs served for so many Trumpets, to sound forth the praise and glory of the departed King, since in the Enemies own judgement his death was thought sufficient to counterpoise the dissipation and slaughter of so puissant an Army: And indeed, except this accursed blow, there was no one circumstance, that did not oblige the Imperial party to a funeral Equipage. Nothing was more to be admired then the moderation of the Court of Vienna, which expressed no joy in triumph, or exultation. They contented themselves with the discharging of a few Ordnance, to make the silly people believe they had the better of the day. Some judged this modest behaviour to proceed from sensible losses, suffered in the Battle, from the consideration of the Swedish Forces, and the difficulty to set on foot again an Army of that vastness. Others deemed it to proceed from the dispersed rumour of the Emperor's death, which they thought countervailed that of the King, and cast the Imperial Court into an irrecoverable dejection  
The failing of the Saxon to appear in the Field on the day of Battle, (when his aid concerned his own honour and the King's good) was attributed to the like sad accident, a rumour being divulged, not only of the Duke's death, but the manner of it, to wit, sudden Apoplexy: But these false bruits, both of the one and the other, were contradicted by assuted news that both the Princes were living.  
That the Saxon was not dead, he gave good proofs, resolving to take occasion by the lock to revenge the ruin of his Cities, and depopulation of his Country, and to hinder the Imperialifts from sending into his Dominions any more Incendiaries.  
The continuance of the Emperor's life was favourable to his party; the very name and splendour of Majesty being of virtue to animate, and retain divers spirits in devotion, and obedience to the Austrian Line, which else perhaps might have followed the Chariot of the victorious Triumpher.  
But will'st the foolish people spread abroad, or by design, or credulity, the death of these two Princes, there came too assured news from Nayence of the King of Bohemia's death. When this unfortunate Prince was ready to take a new possession of his Country, and the conditions drawn up between him, the King of Sweden, and the Governor of Frankendale, he was surprised in Nayence with a contagious disease, presently after his return from Deux-ponts, where he had visited a Prince of his alliance. The care and sufficiency of the Physician was so great, that he quickly expelled the pestilent quality, and set him in all appearnace free from danger; but the great calamities through which he had passed, had much estranged his Constitution from its first purity, and quite altered his colour, and complexion. When he thought to quit his tedious bed, and take possession of Frankendale, it unfortunately happened that the King of Swedens' death came to his ear, which wrought so on his mind, and body, that his disease was aggravated, and his death ensued on the 29. of November. His death was much deplored by those of his blood, by his servants and subjects, yet did their grief receive an allay by his devotion, and his last words full of faith and piety.  
The life of this Prince was a mere Medley, and like a Picture with many faces. His entry into the Electorate was glorious, his beginning happy, his Virtue's eminent, and courted he was by the whole Empire. His Alliance, and friends within and without Germany, the consideration of his House, of his Dominions, and the great Body that depended on his direction, were the cause of his election to the Crown of Bohemia, which was fatal to him, and all Germany, which felt the sad accidents that attended this Comet, and was forthwith invaded by an universal War in her heart, and all her quarters, which hath never since forsook her, having engaged all the Imperial States and Provinces, every one whereof to this day carries her marks. And though this Prince hath sought all means of reconciliation, hoping that way to quench this Wildfire; yet hath he from time to time found such fatal oppositions, and such an ingrasted malice in the incensed party, that all the motives, propositions, and intercessions of great Kings have hitherto been unprofitable; and this good Prince hath been constrained to live an exile from his Country. At length when a most pleasing prospect laid at once open to his view the frontiers of his Country, and the end of his afflictions, a sudden death deprived him of his sight, and the fruition of so delightful an object.  
The calamity of this Prince hath given occasion to many licentious tongues, and pens to declaim against him, and unjustly to judge of his cause by the sad event. Those that were of his more inward acquaintance, avow that he was unfortunate beyond defect, and that the most magnanimous, and Heroic soul could bear afflictions with no greater moderation and patience, than he did. If many of his virtues have been clouded and obscured by his infelicity, yet are there more which his darker fortune could not hinder from shining forth, and striking envy blind. His great Family, his Extraction, his Allies and Confederates, and his Princely virtues, me thinks should have contained within the bounds of Honour, and truth, certain Mercenary, Satyric Spirits, who have common places of praises, and Invectives, which they draw forth to exalt, or depress whom they please, and maintain their loser vain at the cost of Princes, and play upon their persons, qualities, and estates, whom the greatness of their births should privilege from such contumelies. We own honour, and respect to Princes of what party soever; whether they be Friends, Enemies, or Neuters: And I thought this short Apology due to my so much deplored Subject, whom his miseries rendered to some contemptible, though by others he was truly honoured in the midst of his disgraces, and afflictions. The King of Sweden gave many brave testimonies of him, being forced oftentimes to give him a stop in the career of honour, lest courage should engage him too far, exhorting him to preserve his life, the good of his Country, and the public cause.  
All the comfort of his Subjects is contained in that generous unparalleled Princess, and in her fair line, and numerous issue which promiseth them one day an entire liberty, and the reestablishment, and subsistence of a house so many ways considerable, as being one of the first, and most ancient of Europe.  
The Reader, I doubt not, will pardon this digression of the Soldier, who held himself obliged to speak for a Prince, who had been a long time the common But of all afflictions, and infultations. That which hath made him the more bold, and earnest in his defence, is the near alliance of this Prince to mighty Monarches. I shut up all concerning this point in this Assertion, that all Princes have a common interest in the honour of their equals, and should all join to place their Crowns, and purple above the reach of Envy.  
The death of these two Kings was sufficient to make the Germans approve of the calculation, and prognostics of their great ginger Herlicius, who had noted this Month of November, as fatal to great Princes and Commanders, and foretold by the Aspects, and fiery constellations, the tragical encounters of these two great Armies, and the death of such eminent persons, as may well compose the greatest part of the History of our time.  
The Swedes were even wedded to sorrow for the death of their King, vowing they would more willingly have suffered the loss of many battles then that of him, if it had lain in their power to dispose of the Arrests of Heaven, and the satal laws of the eternal Providence, which with a Diamantine point marks all things, and gives them a Character, which never can be changed, or defaced.  
Indeed all the days of this Month of November, were at strife for Superiority in evil, but the sixteenth overcame, to which all stories shall give a brand, in that it gave so strange an alteration to the face of Christendom. The battle sought on that day is ennobled by many memorable accidents, which exalts it above those of former Ages. Amongst others are remarkable the small number of the victors, and the multitude of the vanquished, the violent and surious charges, the durance of the fight, the doubtful event of the combat, when victory (as if the had been the daughter of janus) had two faces, and looked two ways; the piles of the dead, the loss of eminent Commanders, and the different effect which one and the same cause wrought in both parties, the King's death kindling indignation and desire of revenge in the bosom of the Swede, and the death of Pappenheins, and other great Commanders, begetting an astonishment in the hearts, and looks of the Imperialists. And we may well affirm, that amongst all the Accidents of that saddest of days, this particular hath been most remarkable; that the Swedes having lost their King in the first shock, this unparaleld mischance, served rather to confirm, then shake their courage, and was one of the most apparent causes of the victory.  
This also raised as high as Heaven the King's renown, that in his fall he crushed in pieces so vast a body, and the hearts of his men were so inflamed with this his disaster, that after his death they made the palm and the Laurel to spring out of his blood. Nor was the life of this Prince less famous than his death.  
His youth was exercised in great affairs, which hardened his body to endure travel, and armed his mind against all finister accidents, and infused into him a courage which might easily be provoked, never subdued. The entry of his Reign (which was the Eleventh of this age, and the Seventeenth of his) was thorny, and sallebrous. At one, and the same time he was confronted by the Danes, the Polonians, and the Muscovites, who on all sides assaulted him: And though their motives to war were divers, yet all their intentions, like so many lines met in this Centre, to ruin the Swede. Sometimes he shown himself on the Frontiers of Denmark, sometimes on those of Muscovia, sometimes again on those of Livonia, and all with that promptness and celerity, that his Enemies believed his body to be ubiquitary. And his troubles were increased by corruption of many of his Subjects to a base revolt. But his valour, his dexterity, and the continual travail of his body and mind were such, that he passed through these, and greater impediments without stop, or diminution of his Fame. His composition with the Danes, and Muscovites was honourable, and to his advantage. The quarrel between him and the Polonian was not about any small petty Territory; but the Crown and Sceptre itself, and therefore hardly to be decided.  
The Prowess and agility of this King were such, that the Polonians saw him in all parts, like another Hannibal, before their gates; and after many great losses received in Livonia, and Prussia, they took counsel of the Pillow, and (to preserve the remainder of those Country's unviolated) concluded to come to a treatry, on which attended a Truce, which from their souls they wished had been a Peace, whereby their repose might be eternised. Our youthful Mars had not a soul so narrow, as to be contented to wear only the Laurel of the North. More wreathes were prepared for him, and a Theatre more spacious, and glorious. Posterity will hardly believe that what this Prince hath done was by a man fesible. That the conquest of so many vast Provinces, and the ruin of so many Armies was the work only of two years, and a few months. That a puissant Empire, formidable in her greatness, in her supports, in her extension, in her Armies, in her conquests, and success, fortified with so many Garrisons, who hath for her bounds the Ocean, and the Alps, should in so short a time be forced to put on the yoke. A man would think infinite Forces were required to manage well an Enterprise of this nature, and greatness.  
The personal qualities of this Prince were admirable. His external bravery consisted in a sweet yet majestical aspect, in a comely stature, in a piercing eye, in a commanding voice, in an agility, and universal application to all such as might hinder or further him. But the great guests that lodged within were fare more illustrious, a quick spirit, a solid judgement, an incomparable wisdom, an inexprimable courage, an indefatigable nature, and an admirable conduct, which were the happy instruments of all his victories, and the embellishment of this rare piece. I may justly add his Encampments, his Discipline, his foresight, his direction, and unequalled Industry. Nor was his readiness less in the disposition of his affairs, in the government of his men, and his complying with their several humours, which made him as well Lord of hearts, as Provinces and Cities. But above all the rest, his devotion was conspicuous, and his frequent pious exercises, which received no interruption by his most serious employments. And (which draweth near to a miracle) he himself projected and executed all things. It sufficed not him to be only a General, but he would also be a Captain, and Engenier, a Sergeant, a Cannonier, a common Soldier, or of any Military calling. The most dangerous occurrences dazzled not his judgement, but then was he most venturous when his valour was most required. He never form a military project, in the execution whereof he would not himself make one. And (which bred in all an amazement) he was never weary, though ever busied, as if action had been his nourishment. I will close up the Pannegyricke of this Worthy with this affirmation, that in him all imaginable brave parts conspired to make him the greatest, and most able Captain of Christendom.  
There was nothing in him the least way  but his choler, to which the least provocation gave fire: an humour familiar to fiery spirits chafed with continual business, which often falls out cross. But he had a corrective ever ready, which was an overflowing courtesy, and sweetness to him natural, which stopped and repaired the breach his Anger had made. For any hasty speech he would give satisfaction, not only to men of eminency, who might justly be offended, but to those also of the meanest condition, borne to suffer. In acknowledgement of his nature so apt to take fire at the least distaste, he would often say; That he was willing oftentimes to bear with others infirmities, as the phlegm of some, and the wine of others, and that therefore reciprocally his choler deserved some support. And, to say truth; this passion may challenge, and win connivance from him who shall duly consider his working spirit, never weakened, though ever bended; as also his extraordinary virtues, and his gentleness, which, upon occasion, made him familiar with the meanest of his soldiers, so fare was he from being puffed up with prosperity, or raising his mind with his fortune.  
Some note another oversight in this Prince, that he did not better distinguish between the duties of a Carabin, and a General, but exposed himself to all dangers, and was too prodigal of a blood so precious. To confess the truth, it is not so much to be wondered at, that he lost his life in this famous Battle, as that he parted not with it long before in so many Encounters, where his life ran the same hazard with the basest of his soldiers. And in his defence this may worthily be annexed, that the valour of his men depended on his example, and all his victories had for their original his presence, and forwardness in all Battles, which like a heavenly aspect sent down influences, and irradiations into the spirits of his soldiers, and terror and amazement into those of his Enemies.  
The Soldier hath attempted to draw this Prince to the life, and assures himself, that they who have had the honour to see, and serve him in his wars, will confess that the portrait hath some air of his face, if not drawn to the life. And he believes withal, that they who have felt the puissance of his Arms will be the first to extol and magnify his worth, that thereby they may lessen their own losses, justify their disgraces, and show to the world that so powerful an Organ was required to operate on them with such success.  
Amongst other circumstances, this is the most agreeable, and worthy of observation, that this Prince hath left his affairs in an estate so prosperous, and advantageous. The Swedian party is possessed of two thirds of Germany, of the best Cities, of most of the Rivers from the Vistule to the Danube, and Rhine. It hath also ten Armies dispersed through the higher and lower Saxonies, Silesia, Moravia, Bavaria, Franconia, Suabe, Alsatia, and the Circle of the Rhein. This party is also backed, and countenanced within by the principal Forces of the Empire, and without by great Kings and States, who think themselves interested in the support of it, and prefer sure friends before doubtful and wavering, who will eternally remember the least loss, or affront received, and, opportunity serving, be ready to revenge it. To this may be adjoined the experience of the times past, which demonstrates unto us how well in the Mantuan war they requited the benefits received from that house at a dead lift, which serves for an infallible argument of their dealings.  
It now remains that the Princes, and States united continue to make good the advantages bequeathed them, by banishing all jealousies, suppressing of factions, extirpating of Schisms, and partialities, deciding of all disputes arising from their Genealogies, by conferring offices on men, not of great descent, but ability, by making use of the times present and past, by quickly seconding their consultation with action, and by a strait conjunction of their Counsels, and Forces to seek their own preservation in that of the Empire. In any of which being wanting, neither the care and pains of the deceased King, nor their own Armies, or advantages can secure them from being a miserable prey to their Enemies, and wretched spectacle to their friends.  
The truth is, hitherto the Princes and Generals united have much abated the pride of the Enemy, by deceiving his hopes, and apprehensions, and making it evident by their proceed that they were not in vain so long trained up in the King's school, but were still mindful of his instructions and discipline, and that his death did but concenterre, and redouble their vigour. The Dukes of Weymar tread on Walsteins' heels, whom some report to be wounded, others dead in the Forest which lies between Fravestein and Klostergrappe. If he be deceased, he serves as another sacrifice due to the King's tomb. Tubal keeps the greatest part of Silesia, and Moravia in obedience. The Prince of Birkenfield shuts up all passages to the Bavarians, within the circle of Ingolstat and Ratisbone. Horn is Master of Alsatia, and hath joined to it the Conquest of Schletstatt. Colman and Kentzingen have Senfeld, nothing remaining in those parts unconquered, but Frebourg which they batter, and Brissack which they play with. Baudisin marcheth through the bishopric of Cullen without resistance, and traverseth his Galleries (maugre the Count of Gransfield) from the river of Wesper even to the gates of Cullen. The Troops of Wirtenberg advance towards the Lake of Constance, and are resolved to make good proof of their courage. To be brief, the Swedes show that they have no great desire to repass the Sea, no more than have the Germans to refall into their wont slavery.  
But though the King of Sweden hath left his party in an Estate prosperous, yet we must needs confess, that the enemy derives from his death great Advantages, and that the expense of a little Lead hath profited him as much as the gaining of many millions, in that the several Heads of the Swedish Armies are subject and prone to jealousies and misconceptions, which gives him means and opportunity to preserve what he yet holds, to calm seditions, to recall long-banisht peace, and once more to replant her in the Empire.  
If he make good use of his losses and imfortunities, we shall see him forthwith to abandon all counsels tending to blood, or violence, to have a care, left by the oppression of Princes he make them desperate, to recall his strayed Subjects by a general Pardon of all their offences, and seek to reign by Love, not Fear. He will then no more violate Peace, and the public Faith, under the pretext of Conscience, which ought to be persuaded, not forced, as depending on another Tribunal then that of men. This way to rest and quiet, he is invited also to take and persist in, because he may now peaceably enjoy all his due rights and Titles, the death of the King having cured him of the deadly Fear he was in, lest this magnanimous Prince should yet fore higher, and aspire to new Diadems, and make good his Anagram, by changing the name of Gustavus into Augustus.  
FINIS.