Londini Emporia, OR London's Mercatura. Expressed in sundry Triumphs, Pageants and Shows, at the Inauguration of the Right Honourable RALPH FREEMAN into the Maiorty of the Famous and far Renowned City LONDON. All the Charge and Expense of the laborious projects, both by Water and Land, being the sole undertaking of the Right Worshipful Company of the Cloathworkers Written by THOMAS HEYWOOD. — Redeunt Spectacula.— MY TRUST IS IN GOD ALONE. Printed at London by Nicholas Okes, 1633. To the Right Honourable RALPH FREEMAN, Lord Maior of this Renowned Metropolis LONDON. Right Honourable, THE Triumphs and solemnities of this Day, are dedicated and devoted to this your happy Inauguration, which as Time warranteth, so Custom confirmeth: And herein hath this City a Priority above any Metropolis in Europe: For Rome itself when the Monarchy of the world was under her sole jurisdiction, never received her Praetor, Consul, or Dictator with the like Pomp and Solemnity: yet is it derived unto you from Antiquity, and I wish it may continue to all Posterity. And Sir, for your own part I am not altogether unacquainted with your Modesty, which would willingly have evaded this honourable trouble, but now you find that the Condition of Honour is such, that it inquireth after him who regardeth it not, courteth him that affecteth it not, and followeth him fastest who most flieth it, as knowing that it is not the Place which maketh the Person, but the Person which maketh the Place truly Honourable, which now hath invited you to your merit, howsoever against your minds, according to that of the 〈…〉 her Lyvi. Decad. Lib. 4. Gratia & honos opportuniora interdum non cupientibus sunt. Advising you withal of this your high Office and Calling, to observe the necessary adjuncts thereto belonging, namely, Affability with Authority and with your Sword and Power, Commiseration and ●itty: Neither can I wish you a better Precedent to imitate then your Predecessor, of whom I may say, Semper honos nomenque suum laudesque manebunt. Not questioning but that we may speak the like of yourself, and the two worthy Gentlemen the Sheriffs, your Assistants, when Time, shall summon you to resign your places to these which shall succeed you: And thus I humbly take my leave of your Lordship, with this Sentence borrowed from Seneca, Bonum est laudari, sed praestantius est esse laudabilem. Your Lordships Humbly devoted, THOMAS HEYWOOD. LONDON'S EMPORIA, OR MERCATURA. MErcatura, i. Merchandise, the greeks call Emporia, and Emporos a Merchant, the Hebrews Meker. From hence (it seems) the Poets call Hermes (the Son of jupiter and Maia) Mercury, making him the God of Merchants and Merchandise. The mystery whereof hath in the ancient times been held glorious, and the professors thereof illustrious as those, by whose Adventure and Industry unknown Countries have been discovered, Friendship with foreign Princes contracted, barbarous Nations to humane gentleness and courtesy reduced, and all such useful commodities in foreign Climates abounding, and in their own wanting, made conducible and frequent, nay, many of them have not been only the Erectors of brave and goodly structures, but the Founders of great and famous Cities: (for so saith Plutarch in Solon) Merchandise itself, Lib. 〈…〉 according to Aristotle, consisteth of three things, Navigation, Foeneration, and Negotiation, all which are commendably approved, if considerately and conscionably used. Eight Offices of Piety are in a Merchant required. 1. Rectitudo conscientiae, Uprightness of Conscience, which is most acceptable to the Creator, (and therefore aught to be more prized by the Creature) than any vainglorious Title: as styled by our best Theologists, the indulgent Mother of all Virtues whatsoever. 2. Simulationis & dissimulationis seclusio, i. A seclusion or separation from all dissembling or equivocation. 3. Fraudem devitare, i. To abandon all fraud or deceit in bargaining, but in all Covenants and Contracts to observe truth and irreprooveable fidelity. 4. justitiam exerceri, i. To exercise justice: which excludeth the practice of juiury, Extortion, and Oppression. 5. Superbiam deponere, To lay by all pride, for (as divine Plato saith) He who knoweth himself best, esteemeth of himself the least: We read also in Socrates, that pride is a vice which of young men ought to be carefully avoided, of old men utterly abjured, of all men suspected and feared. 6. Beneficientia uti, i. Out of his abundance to be openhanded unto all, but especially unto the poor and indigent. 7. Auaritiam fraenare, i. To bridle the insatiate desire of getting, for the avaricious man wanteth as well what he hath, as what he hath not: who hath great travail in gathering Wealth, more danger in keeping it, much Law in defending it, most torment in departing from it. 8. Sollicitudines resecare, i. To renounce all care and trouble of mind, which may hinder Divine contemplation, but rather to fix his thoughts upon that Heavenly treasure which the Moth corrupteth not, the Fire cannot waste, nor the Sea wraeke: All these things desirable being known to be eminent in your Lordship, was the main inducement to entitle this present Show by this apt Denomination, Londini Emporia: 〈◊〉 lib. 1 ●. 1. Further of Merchants we read Horace thus, Impiger extremos currit Mercator ad Indos, Per mare pauperiem fugiens, per saxa per ignes. The Merchant to the farthest Indieses flies, Through seas, rocks, fires, lest Want should him surprise. Concerning this Company of the Cloathworkers, none hath been more ancient, as claiming their place from the first institution, and though in count the last of Twelve, yet everyway equal with the first or any: the reasons are pregnant, and briefly these: The Nobility of the Land are called Pares, (that is) Peers. For their parity and equality, as having prevalent voices in the high Session, or Court of Parliament. The two famous Universities are equal Sisters: neither can one claim priority above the other, yet because they cannot be named at once, those of Cambridge say, Cambridge and Oxford: Those of Oxford say, Oxford and Cambridge, which neither addeth nor detracteth from the other: In all numbers there is a compulsive necessity of order, only for method sake, not that we can properly say, this Figure in itself is better than that, being all of them only helpers to make up an Account: since that all the Lord Majors of this honourable City: (from which of the Twelve Companies soever they be Elected) bear one Sword, receive one Power, and retain like Authority: (There being no difference at all in place, office, or in granting Privileges or Immunities etc.) I hold them all equal without difference, or if any shall claim priority or precedence above the rest, let it be conferred upon that which breedeth the best Magistrates, and of this Company have been these after named, not of the least Eminence, as Sir William Hart, L. Maior Anno 1559. Sir Rowland Hayward An. 1570. who was twice L. Maior at the least. Sir james Howell An. 1574. Sir Edward Osborne An. 1583. Thomas Skinner, who died before he was Knighted, 1596. Sir john Spencer An. 1594. Sir Michael Moseley 1599 Sir john Watts 1606. And now this present year 1633. the Right Honourable Ralph Freeman: Neither is it the least Honour to this right Worshipful Fraternity, that it pleased Royal King james, (of sacred memory) besides diverse others of the Nobility, to enter into the freedom and brotherhood of this Company. Show water. I come now to the first show by water which is a Sea-chariot, beautified and adorned with shelfish of sundry fashion and splendour, the Fabric itself being visible to all, needeth not any expression from me. This Chariot of no usual form or figure, is drawn by two Griffons. The supporters to the Arms of this Worshipful Company: Those which ride upon these commixed Birds and Beasts bearing staves with pendants falling from their tops, in which are portrayed the Arms of the two Sheriffs now in place: The speaker is Thamesis, or the Genius of the River Thames, increased to this navigable depth by the meeting of the Tame and Isis, he being seated in the front of the Chariot with his water Nymphs clad in several colours about him, seemeth asleep, but at the approach of the Lord Mayor's Barge, he rouseth himself as being newly wakened from a Dream, and speaketh as followeth. The Speech by Water. CAn Thamesis himself so far forget? But 'tis so long since Tame and Isis met, That 'tis not rare; for we two are grown old, And being Rivers, subject to take cold: Forced with extremity of pain to groan, 〈◊〉 River ●●at this ●●ne clin●●g by sundry water●●gines. As troubled with the gravel and the stone. (Whole shelves are in our reins) but (Fates so please) By Artists help we late have got some ease. Thanks to our Patriots: O when I look On you, I must acknowledge to a Brook My River had been turned, had not your care Been ever studious for our best welfare. (My recollection help me) you are he That up to Stanes and down as far as Lee, Are my great Lord in chief; first than I bow To Stanes upward and down to Lee, the L. Maior commmandeth the Thames. To your Inauguration, and I now Rouse me in my Sea Chariot, drawn or led By your own Griffons: Birds, who have the head Of Eagles, Lion's body, wings beside, All Symbols of that Praetor, who shall guide So great a state; know further, Griffons can Snatch from the Earth the harnessed horse and man To pray on them at pleasure, these imply That you must always have an eagle's eye To out gaze the Sun, and keep that Aquilant sight To see what's wrong, and to distinguish right. The Lion's strength and boldness you must have (With all his pity,) for to such as crave Or yield unto him, aining themselves dying, Scorning to kill, he will not touch them lying: But such as strive or shall oppugn his laws, He rends and tears them with his Kingly paws. The wings your Griffons bear, import what speed should be applied to such as justice need: But why should I though best of Neptune's sons (Whose stream almost by your permission runs) Instruct him who can teach? since the last year Till this day, never ran my Tides so clear As now they do, were never so become With Barges, Ensigns; Trumpets, Fyfe and Drum, Me thinks you make me young again to view Old customs kept, and (in them) all things new. Though I by name of Thamesis ame known My streams are yours, you welcome to your own, Pass, and return safe, thus much on we build, What's on my Waters wanting Land shall yield. ●he first ●how by ●and. THe first Show by Land, Presenteth itself in Paul's Churchyard, which is a Shepherd grazing his flock upon an Hill adorned with several Trees, and sundry sorts of Flowers, he fitteth upon a Dial to which his sheephook is the Gnomon, (a Symbol of his care and vigilancy,) upon the same platform where his Sheep are resting in several postures, appeareth a Wolf ready to cease upon his prey, at whose presence though his Dog seem terrified and flies for refuge to his master, yet he stands ready at all hours with a bold spirit and wakeful eye, both for the defence of his charge and offence of the common adversary the Wolf, which reflecteth upon the office of the Praetor this day Inaugurated wherein is expressed, not only the care he ought to have of his flock, but of the profit also which ariseth from the fleece, from which the mystery of the Cloathworkers deriveth its Original. Pastor or Opilio in the Roman tongue, and in ours a Shepherd: the Hebrews call Roheh, from which some are of opinion Rex and Roy are derived, the greeks call him Poimin, which properly implies Ouium pastor or a feeder of Sheep: to which charge none ought to aspire who is not lawfully called, but this Shepherd entereth by the Door which is the voice of a free election, and is not that Mercinarius pastor of whom it is thus spoken, He seeth the Wolf coming, and leaveth the Sheep and flleeth, &c. I shall not need to swell my pages by reciting the sundry profits and emoluments arising from this most necessary Mystery, without which no Common. Weale were able to subsist, nor to reckon up into how many several Provinces and Countries this commodity of Cloth is transported and vended, nor what several sorts of wares (by barter, and commerce) are in exchange of that brought over into our own Kingdom, therefore to cut of circumstance, I proceed to the Shepherd's Speech as followeth. The Shepherd's Speech. IF a true Shepherd you desire to see, Look this way, for he's embleamed here in me: But you grave Praetor raised to this high state, He whom as now I only personate The numerous throng, which you this day behold Are your own Sheep, this City is their fold, And by your grave discretion they shall best, Know where to browse by day, by night to rest. As I, so you must on a Dial sit Which hath no Gnomon but my staff to it, And such your Sword is now, your wakeful eye Must still be open to watch where you can spy The Ravenous Wolf to press, and block the way, Lest he on any of your Flock should prey: Although my Dog fly from him, who hath been Rent with his paw, and fears his horrid grin, Yet at all hours (you see) I ready stand With armed hart, and Sheephook in my hand, (So with your Sword must you) both with an hie Undaunted Spirit, and with a Vigilant eye, Lest any envious thorn, or schratching briar, May raze their Skins, or on their Fleeces tire, And that your charge so carefully be borne They may be never But in Season shorn: Great reason too you have, for by this Trade, (Of which Great Freeman, you first Free were made) The whole Land's Cloth, no Mystery, no Art, Science, or Manifacture, that hath part In Theory or Practic, but must all Give due respect to this in general: For since the Trade of Clothing first begun, Both from the scorching of the summer's Sun, And blustering North-Winds, Rich, Poor, Young and Old Have been defenced, nor could that Fleece of Gold Colchos still boasts, (in the'Auncient Poets rode So useful prove, or make so fine a thread With ours, (low prized because not counted rare) No remote Climat's able to compare: It is that only Marchand Zewhich brings All novels wanting here, even foreign Kings Have thought themselves Rich Habited to have worn Such Cloth as for the commonness we scorn, Oh bless then our increase, those that have been I'th' World's remote parts, and strange Nations seen, For want of Cloth find them go naked there, Yet men like us, and the same Image bear, Make much Sir of your great Charge, 'tis not mine, Y' are the true Shepherd, I my place resigns. THe second Show by Land, presented in the upper end of Cheapside, ●he second ●how by ●and. is a Ship most proper to the Trade of Merchant-aduenturers: neither know I whom more aptly to employ as Pilot therein then Mercury, whom the Poets feign not only to be Diactorus, or Internuntius betwixt the gods and men: as also the Leader of the Graces, the Inventer of Wrestling, the Deviser of Letters, the Patron of Eloquence, &c. (From whence he hath sundry attributes and denominations conferred upon him) but he is also termed the god of Barter, buying, selling, and commerce in all Merchandise whatsoever. We read of two only employed by the gods in Embassy unto men, namely, Iris and Mercury: The difference betwixt their employments is, that Iris (for the most part commanded by juno, (as being her chief Attendant) and never by the rest of the gods, unless to foretell War, Famine, Pestilence, or some strange Disaster: And Mercury was negotiated but in sports, pastimes, marriage Feasts, solemn meetings, Shows, Ovations, Triumphs, spectacles of the like nature, and therefore more proper to this Day's employment. He is figured like a young man, fresh coloured and beardless: In his right hand holding a Golden Purse, in his left a Caduzcaem, (a Rod with two Snakes twined and internoded about it,) their Heads meeting at the top, and their Tails at the bottom, which the Egyptians held to be an Emblem of Peace: and in ancient days Great men employed in the affairs of State, or foreign Embassies, boar such staves, from whence they were called Caducaeatores: He wears Wings upon his Hat and Heels, intimating his Celerity: and behind him stands a Cock, denoting his Vigilancy: so much for the person, I come now to his Speech. Mercury's Speech I Mercury, the Patron of all Trade, Of Traffic and Commerce, am this day made A speaker from the Gods: (for my quick motion Can sail as well upon the Land as Ocean: And who the Merchant better can assure, Then Mercury, the Lord of Mercature? To you, this Day with state and power endowed, Bowing the Lord Maior Whose winged Ships all foreign Seas have ploughed, And maugre, surge, gust; or tempestuous flaw Discovered what our Polestar never saw. They from cold Arctos to the burning Zone Have washed their keels to find out lands unknown. Crossing the Boreal and the austral lines, To view the set and rise of all the Signs. To you whose Factors in both Indies lie, The East and West: (all parts both far and nigh,) Who sometimes up, then down the Volga steer, To know in Musco what is cheap or dear: And what Hesperian Tagus can afford, (To match this noble Island) take aboord. There's nothing the brave Persian can hold rare, But hither brought by your great Cost and Care. The potent Turk (although in faith adverse) Is proud that he with England can commerce. What Genova, Luca, Florence, Naples yields, What grows, or's found through all the Latian fields. What is in China, Greece, or Ormous sold, (That Diamond worthy to be set in Gold.) For Norway, Dansk, France, Spain, the Netherlands, What's best in them, comes frequent to our hands. And for transportage of some surplus ware, (Our own wants furnished) what we best can spare. No rarity for profit or for pleasure, But brought to us in an abundant measure. To this brave Isle, (by Neptune moared round) You give a Wall; not fixed on any ground, But moving 'tween the Ocean and the Air, Which as you build, so yearly you repair. And (though a wooden Fabric) so well knit, That should invasive force once menace it With loud voiced Thunder, mixed with Sulphurous flame, 'Twould sink, or send them back with fear and shame. Company Motto 〈◊〉 trust 〈◊〉 God 〈◊〉 Grave Sir, no other precedents you need To follow now, then him whom you succeed: Next on your Motto think: so happy prove, Let your trust be in him that reigns above. THe third Show by Land, third 〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉 is a Model devised for sport to humour the throng, who come rather to see then to hear: And without some such intruded Antimask, many who carry their ears in their eyes, will not stick to say, I will not give a pin for the Show. Since therefore it consists only in motion, agitation and action, and these (expressed to the life) being apparently visible to all, in vain should I employ a speaker, where I presuppose all his words would be drowned in noise and laughter, I therefore pass to the fourth and last. Which is a curious and neatly framed Architect, beautified with many proper and becoming Ornaments: The Show Land. bearing the Title of The Bower of Bliss. An Emblem of that future Happiness, which not only all just and upright Magistrates, but every good man, of what condition or quality soever in the course of his life, especially aimeth at: I dwell not on the description thereof, I will only illustrate the purpose for the which it was intended: This Pageant is adorned with four persons, which represent the four Cardinal virtues, which are behooveful unto all who enter into any eminent place or Office. Prudence, Temperance justice, and Fortitude, which are so concatinated amongst themselves that the one cannot subsist without the other. The first Prudence, Reformeth Abuses past, ordreth affairs present, and forseeth dangers future: Further (as Cicero observes) justice without Prudence is resolved into Cruelty, Temperance into Fury, Fortitude into Tyranny. Next Temperance, which as Hermes saith, is Rich in losses: Confident in perils, Prudent in assaults, and happy in itself. As a man cannot be Temperate unless he be Prudent, so none can be truly valiant unless he be Temperate, neither can justice exist without Temperance— since no man can be truly just, who hath not his breast free from all purturbations. Then justice (which according to Cicero) is the badge of Virtue, the staff of Peace, the maintenance of Honour. Moreover, justice and Order are the preservers of the World's peace, the just Magistrate is in his word Faithful, in his thought sincere, in his heart Upright, without fear of any but God and his Prince, without hate of any but the wicked and irregular. Last Fortitude, which (as Epictetus observes) is the companion of justice, and never contendeth but in Rrighteous Actions, it contemneth Peril, despiseth Calamities, and conquers Death, briefly Fortitude without Prudence is but Rashness, Prudence without justice is but Craftiness, juststice without Temperance but Tyranny, Temperance without Fortitude but Folly. Amongst the rest of the Persons placed in this structure, are the three Theological Virtues, Faith, Hope, and Charity, as handmaidens attending to conduct all such pious and religious Magistrates, the way to the celestial Bower of Bliss, (of which this is but a mere representation and sign) who aim at that Glorious Place, left they anyway deviate from the true path that leadeth unto it. I proceed to the Speech. Prudence the Speaker. Grave Praetor, with your Censors, (Sheriffs elected, And now in place) it is from you expected, That having your Authority from Kings, (And many hundred years since) all such things As Custom (by Time strengthened) hath made good, You should maintain, withal your livelihood, Which that you will perform, we doubt the less. When we consider who's your patroness, The Holy and blessed Virgin, (further) this Fabric before you placed, The Bower of bliss. If we to greater, less things may compare These present, but the petty Symbols are Of what is future; for bare Prudence here Pent and confined in humane knowledge, there Shall be reduced to Wisdom that's Divine. Temperance (which is bare Abstinence) shall shine In clarity immaculate: justice, which Oft sways the Balance so, that to the Rich It most inclines, shall by an equal Scale, (Leaning nor this, nor that way) so prevail, That Right in glorious Star-wreaths shallbe crowned, And Injury in tenebrous Lethe drowned. Brave Fortitude which chiefly doth subsist In opposition of the Antigonist, (Whether that he the Bodies mortal state Seek to supplant, or Soul insidiate) Shall stand impugnable, and thenceforth be Fined and repured to all Eternity: When you arrive at yon Celestial Tower, Which aptly may be titled freeman's Bower. The way to find which, through these virtues lies Called Cardinal: The steps by which to rise, These Grace's show, Faith, Hope, and Love attend you: Who on their unseen wings shall soon ascend you. These (when all Earth's pomp fails) your prayers shall bring Where Saints and Angels Haleluiahs' sing. I cannot without just taxation of ingratitude, omit to speak something of this Worshipful company of the Cloth Workers, at whose sole charge the Triumphs of this day were celebrated, for the Master the Wardens and the Committi, chosen to see all things accommodated for this business then in motion, I cannot but much commend both for their affabillity and courtesy, especially unto myself being at that time to them all a mere stranger, who when I read my (then unperfect) Papers, were as able to judge of them, as attentively to hear them, and rather judicially considering all things, then nicely carping at any thing, as willing to have them furthered for his honour, to whom they are dedicated, as careful to see them performed to their own reputation and credit, in both which, there was wanting in them neither encouragement nor bounty: and as they were unwilling in any vain glory to show new precedents to such that should succeed them, so they were loath out of parsimony to come short of any who went before them, less I could not speak in modesty, and more I forbear to utter lest I might incur the imputation of flattery, I come now to the twelve celestial Signs, which may aptly be applied unto the twelve Months during the Lord Mayor's government. The Speech at Night. Sleep may you soundly Sir, to morrow pressed To a years trouble for this one nights rest, In which may Stars and Planits all conspire, To warm you so by their celestial Fire Aries whose Gold-Fleece Greece doth so renown May both enrich you and this Glorious town, That Taurus in your strength may so appear, You this great weight may on your Shoulders bear: Gemini That the two Twins the Mother's blessed increase, May in this City still continue peace. That Cancer who incites to hate and spleen May not in your fair Government be seen That Leo waiting on your judgement seat May moderate his rage and scorching heat, Virgo That the Celestial Maid may you advice Virgins and Orphans still to patronise And rather than your justice here should fail, Libra no more be seen with Golden scale And that the Scorpion's sting may be so charmed The poor may not be wronged, nor innocent harmed, That Chirons' bent bow so may guide your will, You may still aim, but never shoot to kill: And Capricorn though all things said to dare Though he have power, yet may have will to spare That as Aquarius doth his water power You may your goodness on this City shower, Pisces, the last of Twelve, the Feet they guide, From Head to Foot, O may you so provide. I conclude with the excellent Artist Mr. Gerald Christmas, whose worth being not to be questioned (as a prime Master in his profession,) I am of opinion that there is not any about the town who can go beyond him, of whom I may boldly speak, that as Art is an help to nature, so his experience is, and hath been an extension to the trial and perfection of Art, therefore let every man in his way strive to be eminent, according to that of Ouid. 2 De pont. Artibus ingenuis quaesita est gloria multis. FINIS.