Upon the Frontispiece.  
Convivas Vitulos, Hircos, Asinosque suesque,  
preusae vides bruto stringere vina pede,  
Quid mirare? ivos hic aspicis Helluo fratres,  
qui, quoties coptus, talis es ipse pecus:  
Quandoquidem pressis rationem sensibus aufert,  
AEmula Cyrcaeis Artibus Ebrietas  
Quam si bellipotens Brittannia tollerit Hostem,  
Clarior hac nusquam natio, gente foret.  

Thus Interpreted.  
Calves, Goats, Swine, Asses, at a Banquet set,  
To grasp Healths in their Hooff's, thou seest here met;  
Why wonder'st thou oh Drunkard, to behold  
Thy brothers? In whose rank thou art inrowled,  
When thou (so oft, as toxed at any Feast)  
Canst be no better held, than such a beast,  
Since, like Cyrcaean Cups, Wine doth surprise  
Thy senses, and thy reason stupifies,  
Which Foe, would Warlike Britain quite expel,  
No Nation like it, could be said to excel.  T.H.   

Philocothonista, OR, THE DRUNKARD, Opened, Dissected, and Anatomised.  
LONDON, Printed by Robert Raworth; and are to be sold at his house near the White-Hart Tavern in Smithfield. 1635.   

The Author to the Book.  
THere's no faith in the forehead, Drunkard, go,  
Tell all of that condition, that are so  
(Styled worthily) they are Helluoes and not men;  
If they be vexed? say over and over again,  
They are Statues, only gasping a short breath  
Like dying men, each hour expecting death;  
Tubbs-bottomlesse, in which what ere you fill,  
All runs to waste, the more you power, you spill;  
Casks, open to receive what so you please  
To glut their Concaves with, health, or disease;  
To them all's one: Fowl Kennels that make stink  
The pure rain they from spouts and gutters drink,  
And turn them into puddle: Frogs, not content  
To live in water, (their sole nutriment)  
But ever croaking (to find something new)  
After the evening and the morning's dew:  
Dry Sponges, always thirsty (in their kind)  
And (drunk) being squeezed, leave all the dregs behind;  
They are no day-birds, rather Owls and Bats,  
These look not on the Sun, but see like Cats,  
Best in the night: To rest, they lay their heads,  
When th'early Cock calls other from their beds:  
Though men of fashion, and possessed of land,  
Yet on their own free ground they cannot stand;  
They live in thick Fogs (which like Aetna choke)  
By Candle-snuffs, and in Tobacco-smoake;  
Sometimes, they like those heathen Idols be,  
Have Ears, and Eyes, but neither hear nor see,  
Mere Ethnics i'll not call them; Christians neither,  
But the seven grand sins, bundled up together:  
Thou art none such; Then Book, away, begun,  
And tell the World, Ebrietas quid non.  Tho: Faeni-lignum.  

GEORGE DONNE, To his industrious Friend.  
THere rests the height of knowledge, when we see  
The Praticke part linked with the Theory;  
To both these, Observation. To contend,  
Whether this Art thoust best observed, or penned,  
Is questionable: most, thou sayest do draw  
A lawless drinking into rules of law.  
The Soldier, Clerk, and Seaman, from this part  
Speak all in their own terms, and drink by Art;  
Yet here's the master piece thy Art could fain,  
To show to drink, and drinking to abstain.   

OF PHILOCOTHONISTA, The Reader: To the Author, NEPHALIOPHILUS.  
THou hast (my learned friend) with happy fate,  
Shown to the world A Monster, (at cheap rate:)  
Much more A Prodigy, than all the Toys  
Set out to cozen Women, Fools, and Boys  
At Fairs and Markets. In the Gulf of drink,  
Where giddy vessels reel, and lastly sink;  
The Quicksands, Whirlpools, the Rocks, the Shelves,  
Are so described; that they must read Themselves  
Guilty of wilful Shipwreck, who o'erlook  
Thy pains, yet then be saved by thy Book.  
Hang Books! Let it go round! Follow your Leader!  
Pardon; I'm but Interpreter to th' Reader.  JOHN FORD.  

❧ The BOOK to the sober and discreet Reader.  
GEnerous Reader, thou hearest my charge, and I come to present myself to thy view, like a Chancery Bill, pitifully complaining. The reason is, because I am turned out, like a masterless man, without Patron, or Maecenas to countanance me, much misery I undergo, merely for my names-sake: For is he that hath a bad name is said to be half hanged, what may I hope for then, when mine is so abominable; Notwithstanding, if my condition had accorded with my Title. I might have had Incouragers enough, and too many; but when they understood my nature and my name were directly opposites (For many who were loath to have me follow them publicly in the streets, would have been glad to have hugged me in their private Chambers) I then was left destitute, both of pity and patronage: For instance; I presented my service to a great Favourite in the Court, who when he apprehended that my coming was, rather to pluck up, then plant the Vine, and to condemn, not countenance the vice, he bit the lip, contracted the brow, and made me this answer: And wouldst thou bar me from drinking healths to the Prince whom I serve? the Lords whom I honour? and my Mistress whom I love? So with a look able to sour the next draught before he swallowed it, left me.  
From the Court I took my progress into the Country, where hearing of a Noble housekeeper, who kept liberal hospitality (not common in these days) I tendered my service to him, who generously excused himself thus. Friend, wouldst thou have me now close-handed, and to set a padlock upon my Buttery hatch; If my servants be freely entertained in other great men's Sellers? Shall I forbid their followers to drink drunk in mine?  
From him I went to an old Country Lawyer, his next Neighbour, who presently clapped his spectacles on his nose, and reading my inside, with my Title (in a great chollar, which swelled up his ruff as high, as his velvet cap) said, Hence from my doors thou imposture, which art not what thou seemest, were it not for such of thy name, who quarrel in their cups, how should I do for clients to maintain my estate?  
near unto the Lawyer, dwelled a Farmer: I descended so low, as to offer myself to him, telling him my condition and quality, he replied in a fury, How then shall I pay my Landlord? were it not for Drunkards, I should sow no more Barley, so might the Maltmen starve, and I perish.  
Having such cold comfort in the Country, I then provided to come up to London with the Carrier. The first Inn we came unto, I opened myself to mine Host (a jolly Corpulent fellow, and a boon Companion) who at the very motion, first stamped, then staring, he began at length to be stark mad, saying aloud; Who then shall keep my guests up all night? call in for drink? and put them to unnecessary charges? how shall my Tapster live? or I maintain fire in thy Kitchen? As good persuade me to cut down my signpost: For thinkest thou, that I can eat and drink hay and water, with the Horses? Much ado I had to get lodging there that night, but with condition, to be gone thence by the day break in the morning. At length I came to the City, and hoping to have been entertained by one of the Sheriffs, I found the Seargeants and Yeomen, ready to beat their silver Flagons about mine ears. Their Sellers were open for all comers, and I only excluded, and extruded, for by no entreaty, they would show me to their Masters. The French and Spanish Merchants, that trade in Wines, rejected me, as one who had laid some project to undermine, and blow up their traffic. I than thought good to find some relief at Vintner's Hall, but there I was more churlishly repulsed, then at any time before. They called me Innovator, and told me, I had laid a plot to beggar them, who had 〈◊〉 so many. I went thence to the Fraternity of the Brewers, and finding them assembled, I had no sooner petitioned to them; but they presently opened so many stale bottles mouths against me, that I was afraid either to be drowned in their frothy 〈◊〉 (which poured upon me like a deluge) or to be shot to death with their corks, which pealed against me like so many Potguns: For which injury, I complained to a justice, desiring his warrant; and withal, besought him of entertainment. But he gave me this short answer. I prithee friend, how then dost thou think my Clerk should live? I than was in despair, but thus comforted myself, surely one Scholar will 〈◊〉 the work of another, and so put myself upon a Poet, who looking first steadfastly upon me, after a small pause, gave me this short answer, and so left me.  
Ennius' ipse pater num nisi potus ad Arma prosiluit.  

Old father Ennius never durst aspire  
To write strong line, till Bacchus lent him fire.   
I have now no refuge; but to thee (oh temperate and discreet Reader) under whose wings I hope at length to be shadowed, if not supported; For which favour, I shall protest me thine in all sober s●…dnesse,  
Philocothonista Anatomised.   

The Contents of the first Tractate.  
CHAP. I. 
THe excellency of Sobriety illustrated, and the h●…rrid effects of 〈◊〉 discovered: The first for Imitation; The second for detestation, etc.  CHAP. II. 
A Catalogue of sundry Helluoes, and great quafsers amongst the Grecians; Infamous for their 〈◊〉.  CHAP. III. 
Of famous Wine-bibbers amongst the Romans and other Natio●…s, etc.  CHAP. FOUR 
A particular discourse of those nations most addicted to Vinosity and Drunkenness: with the monstrous effects thereof, etc.  CHAP. V. 
Of s●…verall sorts of quaffing Cups and drinking Bowls most frequent in Greece, and other Country's.  CHAP. VI 
A discovery of sundry other Cups of several fashion and size.  CHAP. VII. 
Of Nestor's quaffing Bowl, the same which he used at the siege of Troy.  CHAP. VIII. 
A discourse of several sorts of Wines; and first of them most frequent in Italy.  CHAP. IX. 
The like of the Wines of Greece and elsewhere, with their appellations and operations, etc.   

The Contents of the second Tractate.  
CHAP. X. 
OOf our English Drunkards. The titles they give one to another; with the variety of their drinking Cups, and Vessels.  CHAP. XI. 
What foreign Wines and sundry sorts of drinks are now frequent in this Kingdom.  CHAP. XII. 
Of a new order of drinking lately come up amongst us, called a drinking School or Library. The degrees taken in the School: The Tongues and Books which they study, with the several titles proper to the Professors of that Art.  CHAP. XIII. 
Their phrases borrowed from several Courts, with places of dignity 〈◊〉 by them, both Civil and Martial.  CHAP. XIIII. 
Of their sea-service: Their new terms for new 〈◊〉: Their Writing-Schoole, etc.  CHAP. XV. 
Of certain penal statutes enacted by drunkards, upon several forfeitures committed in their healthing; With Writs that issue upon the forfeitures, etc.  CHAP. XVI. 
Of sundry Terms and Titles proper to their young Studients, with Customs to be observed, and forfeits upon the breach, with diverse Proverbs used amongst them, etc.  CHAP. XVII. 
Divers Cases to be put in their healthing, which have been weightily considered, and learnedly determined amongst themselves.  CHAP. XVIII. 
Divers stories of such whom immoderate drinking hath made most ridiculous.  CHAP. XIX. 
Of some who have lived abstemious, and altogether refrained from Wine.  CHAP. XX. 
A moderation to be observed in drinking, borrowed from Antiquity.  CHAP. XXI. 
Of the most horrid effects of Drunkenness, and a Christian like admonition, to Sobriety and Temperance.     

Philocothonista, OR THE DRUNKARD.  

CHAP. I. The excellency of Sobriety Illustrated, and the horrid effects of Drunkenness discovered: The first for Imitation; The second for detestation, etc.  
THe first age of the World, which is reckoned from Adam to Noah, (or the Creation unto the Deluge) might be called the Temperate, or Sober age, for then Mankind neither tasted the flesh of Beast, nor Bird, nor drank of the Ivice, or liquor of of the Grape; their Meat was the fruits of Trees, and the Roots and Herbage of the Field: Their Drink, the fresh and unmixed Water of the Rivers, and Fountains. But after the great Cataclisme, or Flood, when the waters were ceased from off the face of the earth, Noah 
* The first Planter of the Vine.  was the first that planted the Vine, and was made drunk with the strength thereof. Some are of opinion, that because in the dressing of it, he moistened the roots with the blood of sundry beasts. It still retains that predominant quality to put Drunkards into such several humours. For we find by common experience, some in their healthing, to be made 
* Several operation of Wine.  wild as Lions, (apt for any mischief, or outrage.) Some in their Cups, dull and sortish as Asses, (almost void of motion or spirit;) some Luxurious as Goats (forgetting both Civility and manners:) Others crafty as Foxes, (than most subtle, either in Cheats, or Bargains,) and so of the rest, but it is an Argument on which I will not insist, but pass it over, as rather a fancy then a maxim; only I will make my first Corrolary to show a reason why several Drunkards may be properly paralleled with sundry Beasts; and first of  

Ebrietas Asinina.  
THe horrid vice of Drunkenness and Intempeance, which like the Cup of Cyrces', turns Men into beasts, is to be avoided, as an open enemy to all goodness and virtue, Macrob. lib. sat. 2. tells us, that of the five Senses, the unlawful pleasures of two (If immoderately used) Man communicateth with the unreasonable Creature: Namely these of the Touch and Taste: and therefore all such are to be numbered amongst Beasts, who brutishly forget the Nobleness of their own Nature, and give themselves over to inordinate and carnal appetites: Amongst which, such may be called (and not amiss Drunken Asses, who bear themselves in their lavish and riotous cups, no otherwise then the Beasts, whose names they deserve) as being rude, Ignorant, Infacious, Ill-nurtered, shameless, Ill-tutered, and unmannerly; who neither observe their betters, nor reverence their elders, regarding not Matrons, nor respecting Virgins: who not only are of that impudence, to utter squirrelous and absceane speeches in their hearing, but in their absence to asperse their Chastities; boasting what either they have, or might have done, when their more sober consciences can justify against their toxed Insolence, their words to be as far from Truth, as their senses were at that time from reason; complying with that of Ovid.  
Corpora cum nequeunt, quod possunt nomina tangunt, Et nulli; non se Concubuisse ferunt.  

Whose bodies are debarred, their names they taint,  
And boast t' have lain with all, both shrew and saint.    

Ebrietas Canina.  
OThers are said to be Dogge-drunke, or as drunk as Dogs, and of such aught all men to beware; these like spannells faun upon any man in their better temperature, but when their brains are heated in the blood of the Grape, they will fasten on thee like Mastiffs, who in their native and genuine malice, against the lovers of Arts, and favourers of virtue; never express their virulency but in th●…ir pots, when they can no longer conceal it, on whom that of the Psalmist seemeth to re flect, Sep●…lchrum 〈◊〉 es●… guter ●…orum, venenum Aspidum sub labiis ●…orum: Their mouth is an open sepulchre? and the poison of Asps is under their lips.   

Ebrietas Ovina.  
THose are said to be sheepishly s●…ttish in their healthing, when wine takes away all manly courage from their hearts, melting them into such E●…eminacy, as if Bacchus and Venus were met together: These never think of Hell or Heaven, or have any religious thought, but at such intempestive seasons: Insomuch that they will oft times weep in a kind of superstitious piety, and seem to be terrified with the fear of Spirits and Hobgoblins, forgetting that of the Poet.  
〈◊〉 genus Humanum, falsa formidi●…e mortis,  
Quid stiga, quid Tenebras, quid nomina vana timetis,  
Materiam vatum falsique pericula mundi.  
Why stupid generation, dost thou fear  
The bugbear death? Or lend a timorous ear,  
To styx and darkness? Idle names and errors.  
〈◊〉 From the Poet's fictions, and world's terrors.   

Ebrietas Vitulina, etc.  
Such are said to be drunk like Calves and Apes, who when they begin to be Cupshot, and that the Wine or Al●… worketh in their heads, can stand upon no ground, but leap and dance, and caper, toy, laugh, sing, and prattle, troubling the whole company with their Antic gesticulations, and tedious verbosity, on whom that of the Psalmist may be conferred: Circumcederunt me vituli multi, et Tauri pingues obsederunt me: many Calves have compassed me about, and fat Bulls have besieged me round.  

Mille boves pascunt vitulorum millia centum,  
Musca super vitulum quemlibet una sedit.   

An Hundred thousand Calves, (and here,  
A Thousand Oxen graze)  
And upon every drunken Calf,  
There sits a fly, and plays.    

Ebrietas Vulpina.  
OThers are said to be drunk as Foxes, and those are they who Insidiate men in their Cups, and urge others, qua●…ing and healthing for no other purpose then to entrap them in their speeches, and bring them into trouble, or to catch some advantage at their words, thereby to supplant them in their estates, and such may be called Politic Drunkards; of whom Cicero speaks. The craftier and subtler a man is (saith he) the more he ought to be hated, as one who hath forfeited reputation, and opinion of goodness, the serpent hid in the the grass, stingeth the foot, and these Engineers under the pretence of honesty, deceive the simple.  

Sic avidis fallax Indulget piscibus hamus,  
Calida sic stultus, decepit esca feras.   

So cannot from the crafty hook,  
The greedy fish beware,  
And so doth the deceitful bait,  
The foolish beast Ensnare.    

Ebrietas Porcina.  
But above all; These are most ridiculous and nasty, who by giving themselves over to all bestial vinositie, by spending whole days, and consuming night after night in Taverns, and Tiplinghouses, return from thence, either led or carried, who oft times stumbling, lie wallowing in the kennels, and so appear no other than Hogs and swine, newly come dirty and daubed out of the puddles, and such may be called (and not unproperly) Scrophae, and Scrophi pasci. i Sows, or sowefeeders. I might run through all the several sorts of Drunkards. As 〈◊〉 Leonina, Caprina, Anserina, etc. Of some that are like Lions, some like Goats, others like Geese, in their height of vinosity, but by the former deciphered, the rest only named, may be apprehended: leaving therefore their expression I commit them to your Imagination, and (mixing Democritus with Heraclitus. I thus proceed.  
But before I come to speak of the Modern Drunkards of these times, and a new Grammar of a late, and the last addition In frequent use, ●…ly studied, and hourly practised, it shall not be unnecessary (the better to Illustrate ●…his present Tractate) to reckon up, some of the former ages, who have been notorious in that kind, and for their great vinosity, and excess in carousing, howsoever not commended, yet remembered to all posterity, as also of their manner of Healthings: The fashions and sizes of their Cups and Goblets; The height, and depth of their draughts, with the customs, and Ceremonies, used and obs●…rued in diverse Countries, which, though they were strange, and almost prodigious, yet if we compare them with the Riotising and intemperance of these times, It will manifestly appear, that though we come short of them, both in stature and strength, yet we in many degrees exceed them, both in distemperature and 〈◊〉.  
The bad man (saith 〈◊〉) liveth to eat and to drink, but the good man eateth and drinketh to live; Homer, to make men believe the Immortality of the Gods, taught the people that it was not possible they could die, because they did not eat, thereby intimating; that as eating and drinking maintain life, so they are likewise the occasions of death: Surfeit (saith one) hath killed more than the Sword, and Wine hath drowned more than the Sea. And another, the Vine bringeth forth three * Grapes; The first of Pleasure, the second of drunkenness, 
〈◊〉 several 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Vine.  the third of Repentance; Vino forma perit, vino corrumpitur aetas (saith Ovid) Wine blasteth Beauty, and hasteneth Age: It maketh of a man, a 〈◊〉, of a strong man an impotent, of a wise man a fool (saith Origen) whereof, the contrary according to the words of 〈◊〉, Sobriety is the very sinews, and strength of the soul: Plato lib. 8. de legibus, writing to the Lacedæmonians, useth words to this purpose; To drink too much, doth not become you, oh you men of Lacedaemon, unless it be at the high Feast of that God, who first delivered the use of the Grape unto you, therefore I persuade you to forbear all intemmperate carrow sing. To which the Lydians, the Persians, the Thracians, the carthaginians, the Celtaes, the Teutones (by whom is meant the Galls, and the Germans) are too much addicted, Ebrietatem vitet verecundus quisque 
Lib de Garret:  & modestus, ●…aith Plutarch, Let every bashful and modest man avoid drunkenness, for it is a monster 
Drunkenness a Monster.  with many heads, one of obscene talk, others of Blasphemy, Profanation, Lying, Cursing, wrath, Murder, etc. For Wisdom is hindered by Wine, and Understanding darkened. One 〈◊〉 being demanded how it came to pass that he had lived to the number of an hundred and eight years, returned this answer, because I never in my life-time ●…ate beyond satiety, nor drunk to 〈◊〉: Wine (saith 〈◊〉) will make the wise man sing foolishly, the temperate man laugh outrageously; The stayed man dance rediculously, the silent man utter secrets openly, and to speak things immodest, and uncomely: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 est in cord 〈◊〉, est in lingua 〈◊〉. Whatsoever things lies hid in the heart of the sober man, is 〈◊〉 made public by the tongue of the drunkard: When a prating fellow upbraided Bias of folly, because he 〈◊〉 silent at a banquet, he made him this answer, Friend didst thou ever know a fool that was tongue-tied in his Cups? And when certain Foreign Ambassadors were feasted in Athens, by one the most eminent amongst the Areopagitas, whither diverse learned Philosophers were invited to discourse, and keep them company; After many Arguments, gravely and weightily debated, one of the strangers observing Zeno in all that time not once to have opened his lips: took up a bowl and drank unto him, saying, But of you grave Sir, what shall we report to the King our Master? To whom he replied, say to him nothing else but this: We have 〈◊〉 an old man, who had that power over himself to be silent at a Banquet.  
It is reported of Philip King of Macedon, the Father of Al●…xander, that having levied a Potent Army to invade the Persians, and understanding by his skowtes and spies, that the land abounded with dainty fare, and delicate Wines, and that the People were wholly addicted to feed high, and to drink deep, he presently retired his Forces, and returned into his own Country, and being demanded the reason, he made answer: To what purpose should I make war upon them, who are every hour ready to overcome themselves.    

CHAP. II. A Catalogue of sundry Helluoes, and great quaffers amongst the Grecians: Infamous for their vinosity.  
I Come now to speak of the ancient Carowsers: I will first begin with the merry greeks. From whom the Good-fellows of this age would borrow that name, and see what Frolic healthers I can find amongst them. He that had a great inclination to drink Wine, was called Philoenus: He that loved to make himself merry with that liquor, which was 〈◊〉 of Water, and Grain (which I imagine to be like our Ale, or 〈◊〉) was styled Phi●…: He that drank immoderately, and above his strength, had the denomination of Philocothonista: Among whom * Old Nestor, even 
〈◊〉 a great drinker.  in his third age, was numbered; He was observed to take his rouse freely, and more at the siege of Troy, than the General Agamemnon, whom Achilles upbraided for his immoderate drinking▪ Neither in the hottest of the battle, was he ever known to venture further than within sight of his Bottle: To whom Sir john Falstaff may not unfitly be compared, who never 〈◊〉 ride without a Pistol, charged with Sack, by his side. You may read in Homer:  

Nestora non latuit clamour, tamen ille bibebat.  
Old Nestor, notwithstanding, all the Noise and clamour made by the Tumult, would not break his * draught. His Cup was compared 
Atheneus Dypa: lib. 10.  to Achilles his Shield; as the one never entered the field, nor engaged his person without his Targe to guard his life— So the other never heated his body in any skirmish, without his bowl to quench his thirst: Proteus the Macedonian 
Proteus, lib. de Sepulc. Alexand. et Hephestion.  had the character of an invincible quaffer; For as Ephippus testates, Alexander the Great; drinking to him a full bowl of Wine, containing twelve Sextaries (which according to our measures, held two Gallons and a quart, he pledged the King, and carowsed it off at one draught, with a great applause from the standers by, and after some small interim, he caused it to be filled again, and began a new health to Alexander: In the pledge whereof, the King failing in his strength, and not being able to overcome it, the bowl slipped out of his fingers, and he (with it) fell likewise grovelling to the earth. It is further reported of * Alexander, that he 
〈◊〉 the great.  would sit up and drink so long, that being overcome with sleep, he hath not left his bed for two entire nights and days together, insomuch that it grew to a common Proverb in Greece, That if any man could pour more liquor down his throat then his companions, they would say he were able to drink with Alexander; diverse Authors report of him, That carousing one day 
Menander in Adulatot: 〈◊〉.  with twenty Persons in his company, he drank healths to every man round, and pledged them severally again; And as he was to rise, Calisthenes the Sophist, coming into the Simposition, or Banqueting-house, the King offered him a deep quaffing-bowle, which he modestly refused, for which, being taxed by one there present: He said aloud. I desire not, oh Alexander, to receive a pledge from thee; by taking which, I shall be presently enforced to inquire for a Physician. Theophrastus writes, that by continual riotising, his body was made so unable to perform any veneral Act, that when his mother 〈◊〉 sent unto him a most beautiful Lady, called 〈◊〉, notwithstanding, his opportunity, and her importunity, she departed unvitiated from him. King Darius had these words inscribed 
Darius.  upon his Tomb.  
Vinum multum bibere potui Idque perferre. I could drink much Wine, and bear it well.  
Etesias' reports, that the Kings of India, were not suffered to drink, but with great moderation. But the Kings of Persia had liberty for one day in the year to carouse even unto surfeit, and that was in their sacrifice offered to the Sun: For so saith saith Duris. Philip of Macedon was surnamed 
Philip King 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  Bibax (for so saith Thepompus) who having 
〈◊〉. 7. 〈◊〉 lib. 〈◊〉. 26.  one night bounteously feasted the Athenian Ambassadors, they were no sooner departed to their lodgings, but he caused she minstrels and fingers to be called into the room, with Aristonicus the harper, and Dorionus the Piper, with sundry other jesters and Bafoones, with whom he often used to revel and carouse. In whose company having spent the whole night; the day no sooner appeared, but he commanded them all to leave the place, and sending for the Ambassadors early in the morning, even when he was scare able to utter one ready word, dismissed them with a ridiculous answer. Caristius in his historical commentaries writes, That when he purposed to take his rouse, he was wont to say, Now may I drink freely and safely, for it is sufficient to me that Antipater is sober and awake. Upon a time, being at ●…hesse, and one bringing him word that Antipater was coming to see him; he suddenly flung away the bag, the men, Chessboard and all, and hid them behind the bed on which he then sat; as if he either feared or was ashamed to be found (by him) at so unprofitable an exercise.  
Amongst these great wine-bibbers, Dionysius 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  junior is numbered by Thepompus, who almost drunk out his eyes; for his continual surfeits made him purblinded and dull sighted: For as Aristotle reports of him, he hath been known 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  to drink, and then sleep, and waking, to drink again without 〈◊〉, for the space of nineteen days and nights together: diverse of his Followers and Flatterers, because the King had bad 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 themselves blind, feigning that they could not see their way, but as 〈◊〉 them; nor distinguish the meat upon the Table, but as he said the; nor would they discern the cups that stood brimmed before them, but as he reached them▪ and put them into their hands; for 〈◊〉 palpable 〈◊〉, they were called Co●…. 〈◊〉 Tyrant of 〈◊〉, with his brother 
〈◊〉 of Si●…:  Appollocrates, both sons unto the forenamed Dionysius, were immoderate 〈◊〉. Nyseus understanding by his 〈◊〉, that he could with no possibility outlive some few months, resolved with himself to 〈◊〉 them voluptuously, in all the varieties that could best taste his palate, drinking the most sweet and delicious wines, even till the very moment of his death; He was no sooner instated in the kingdom, but he caused Chariots to be made; and wore a vesture of diverse colours; his chiefest delight was in riotous feasts and inordinate draughts, being frequently attended by Catamites and strumpets. In all which his brother Appollocrates equalled, if not exceeded him. The 
A 〈◊〉.  same Author speaks of 〈◊〉 the Theb●…, 
〈◊〉.  and Charidimus 〈◊〉 the Athenian, both branded 
〈◊〉.  for their intemperance in wine, and incontinence with women. Arcadion drunk himself 
〈◊〉.  to death, of whom Polemon the exigramatist writ 
Polemon Epig.  this Epitaph.  
Arcadionis habet tumulus his ossa bibacis Eroctusque—  

This Tomb contains, drunkard Arcadions' bones;  
If you desire to know who laid these stones,  
'Twas Charmilus and Dorcas, to his fame,  
Who as he lived in drink, died in the same.   
The same Author in one of his Epigrams, remembers Erexemus guilty of the like intemperance. 
〈◊〉.  〈◊〉 Salaminus, and Diotomus Atheniensis two approved writers, commemorate one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, who was likewise called ●…dibulum, 
〈◊〉.  which signifies a tunnel: For when a tunnel was put into his mouth, what wine soever was poured down his throat, he received it into his belly without 〈◊〉, gulping, or fetching his breath: of him 〈◊〉 witnesseth. Herodotus tells us that Cleomenes the 〈◊〉 
〈◊〉.  was an extraordinary quaffer, and slew himself with his own knife, when he was extremely Cup- 〈◊〉. The Poet Alcaeus, and Baton Synopeus were taxed of the like life, though not remembered 
〈◊〉.  in the like death. 〈◊〉 Rhodius was 
〈◊〉.  〈◊〉 his bibacity called Metator, as the Poet Ephorion 
〈◊〉 in Chi●….  testats. Chares Miletenus writing of Alexander reports, that when he came to the Tomb of Colanus the Indian Philosopher, he there celebrated to his honour and memory, a contention in Music, and another in wrestling; a third likewise he instituted in drinking: In which the first, who exceeded the rest, had for his reward proposed a talon, the second prize was thirty 
A prize of 〈◊〉.  pound weight of silver, the third t●…nne; to, try which mastery, 30▪ Indians fell instantly dead in the place, and six more expired within a few hours after: He that drunk most, and attained to the first, which was a talon, poured down sour Choas (which holds just the same quantity with that which the Romans call Congius) which contains a gallon and a pint, and he was called Promachus. Tymaus writes, that Dionysius the 
Dionysius 〈◊〉.  tyrant was the first who in the feast called Choas proposed a golden crown as a reward to him who could drink off a Choa at one draught which Zenocrates the Philosopher first compassed, 
〈◊〉.  and was therewith crowned; but immediately taking it from his head, he exposed it to that statue of Mercury which was erected in the great hall, to which he had before accustomed to offer wreathes and garlands of flowers. Phanodemus reports that the feast called 〈◊〉, celebrated in Athens, was first instituted by King Demophoon at his entertainment of Orestes; at the end of which sacred, every guest there present, had a Chaos of wine delivered into their hands, which done, the King spoke aloud and said, that he who first could turn up his bottom, to him should be given a 〈◊〉 or Marchpane.  
Antigonus in his Book of 〈◊〉, surnamed 
〈◊〉: 〈◊〉.  Heracleotes relates, how that at one of these Drinking-feasts; the King having his chief and best affected Mistress there present, he retired her apart to have had some dalliance with her, but finding himself unable, by reason of his age, he brought her back into the Drinking-schoole, amongst his fellow carowsers, and said to them openly; For my own part I am now passed it, but he whose youth is about him, and finds himself best able, let him do this Woman a courtesy. Anacharsis Scitha, upon a time, 
〈◊〉, 〈◊〉.  when a contention, or wager of drinking (celebrated by Periander) being the first that was toxt in the Company, he demanded the prize as his due, as if celerity in drinking, and speedy in the race had been all one, and that he might challenge a right, and with as much justice, for being quickly drunk, as he that attained soon to the Goal. Herodatus tells us of one Micernius 
Lib. ●….  an Egyptian, who being told by the Priests 
〈◊〉.  that he had not long to live, resolved with himself to do nothing but drink, till the snuff of his life was quite burnt out: The same Author ranks 〈◊〉 King of 〈◊〉 amongst these immoderate 
〈◊〉  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Methimnerus reports one Nicolites Corinthius to be of the same condition 
〈◊〉. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  and 〈◊〉: And 〈◊〉 writes that 〈◊〉 the son of 〈◊〉, and Nephew to Scotta 
〈◊〉. ●… 〈◊〉 on. 〈◊〉.  the Ancient, was so devoated, and quite given over to 〈◊〉, that he was often seen to come 〈◊〉 from the common 〈◊〉; sometimes he would cause a Chair of state to be brought him, and being placed thereon, would be carried publicly through the streets to his Palace, on men's shoulders.  
Philarchus relates, that King Antigonus was so 
Lib. Histor. 6.  
R. Antigonus.  be sotted with the love of wine, that scarce one day past him without extraordinary distemper; for seldom was he sober when he sat upon the judgement seat: Insomuch that not being able to govern himself, he appointed two to manage the affairs of his Kingdom; Aristeus and Themiston brothers, and Cyprian's by nation. King Antiochus surnamed the Illustrious, he who was 
Antioch. Illustr.  once sent on hostage to Rome, was (as Ptolemeus 
Coment. lib. 1. and 5.  Evergetus reports of him) called Bibax; he, much addicted to the Indian commessations and surfeits, devising new and unheard of ways of riot, and excess: In which he exhausted an infinite Magazine, who in his wine would take handfuls of gold, and cast it into the streets and highways, saying, This belongs to them to whom Fortune hath disposed it, they that find it let them take it: He was often seen to wear garlands of Roses about his brows, and garments upon him of golden texture: He washed openly, and daubed himself with sweet unguents, Insomuch that a private man coming by and observing him, said aloud, how magnificently dost thou smell (Oh King) which he hearing, commanded a vessel (of the measure of two Chokes of sweet ointment, to be poured upon his head, to which the people thronging to dip their handkerchiffes and garments, the place was made so slippery, that many of them fell grovelling, which moved in the king extraordinary laughter, Polybius 
Polib. lib. Hist. 26.  would not allow him the name of Illustrious, but calls him a madman. For he was not only seen to quaff and carouse amongst strangers, but with common men, and the most abject of the people: Posidippus Apamaeus speaks of another 
Posid. lib. Hist. 16.  Antiochus, he who fought a great battle in 
Antiochus.  Media, against Arsaces: And gives him also the character of Bibax, who being slain in the conflict, and the body brought before Arsaces, he taunted him in these words: Thy Wine and thy boldness hath much deceived thee, Oh Antiochus, who in thy deep and lavish Cups, didst promise to thyself to have drunk up the Empire of Arsaces. Antiochus' surnamed Magnus, whom the Romans 
Antioch. Magnus. Prolib. li●…. 20.  after subdued (by the relation of Polybius) when he came to Chaleis in Eubora, though he were in the midst of his Wars, and environed with nothing but combustion: yet being above Fifty years of Age, he gr●…w enamoured of a Chal●…idian Virgin: and in his drunkenness married her; she was the daughter of Cleoptolemus, one of the most eminent men of that Nation, and she the fairest of the Damosels of Enboea, 
〈◊〉.  whom after, the King styled by that name: There he spent a whole Winter in gormandising, and drinking without any regard of the safety of his Army. But in the spring following, being overcome come in Battle by the Romans, he was forced shamefully to fly with his new Mistress, and hid his head in Ephesus.  
Polybius tells us likewise of Agrones' king of the 
Polib. lib. 20. Agrones.  Illirians (who was wont greatly, to glory in his conquest of the Etolians.) that he made himself more like a vessel of Wine, than a man, and died of an extreme pain in the belly: He remembers only of one Teuthiones, King of the 
〈◊〉.  same Country, and a successor unto Agrones, who performed many excessive outrages in his Cups: for night and day he continued his Riots: Amongst other execrable acts, he caused his brother Pleuratus, who had married the daughter of Menanius to be slain, that most incestiously he might enjoy her bed, neither spared he any of his subjects; but murder still followed whithersoever Wine and lust led him: Demetrius who was a pledge unto the Romans, 
Dem●…trius, lib. 33.  and escaping thence, after reigned in Syria, was also one of these brothers of the Grape, and such was Olophernes, remembered by the same Author, 
〈◊〉, li●…. 32.  who reigned but a small season in Capadocia. For neglecting his Father's precepts, and wand'ring in a wilful deviation f●…om his former strict and austere government, entertained from other foreign Countries, all brutish and infamous vices, denizened them in his own, naturalising all alien disorders, riots, luxuries, intemperances', vari●…ties, and vinosities, which were Incouragers, and Abetters to all the rest: so that as his government was wicked, and his manners dissolute, his life was short, and his end miserable.  
Most commendable and wholesome therefore 
Plut. lib. 〈◊〉.  was the Counsel of Divine Plato, advising that Children should by no means be suffered to taste any Wine at all, till they were eighteen years of age, as holding it inconvenient to add fire to fire, and so prove Incendiaries to the body. But it is lawful from the eighteenth to the thirtieth year, for young men to use Wine moderately and modestly: but to proceed so far as surplus, or drunkenness, they ought altogether to abstain. He that hath passed forty years, and shall be sometimes invited to feasts, and banquets, may amongst the rest of the Gods, offer some Ceremonious rights to Bacchus, as to him that is 〈◊〉 and medicinable to Austerity and old age: because he infuseth into them that alacrity not only to forget evils, and cares, but to think themselves for the present restored again to part of their former youth.  
Amongst so many men drunkards, give me leave to insert one woman amongst the greeks (for it is no rara avis in terris) named Cleo, remembered by Phalaecus in one of his Epigrams, in these words,  

Auratam vestem, & croceam, succincta Lyaeo  
Ista dedit patri, munera magn●… Cleo, 
Cleo.   
Simposijs quoniam prestabat, quam bibere aeque  
Nullus tentavit vincere vel potuit.   

Thus paraphrased:  
Her yellow gold-robe, Cleo (full of wine)  
Cast off, and said; Father, this great gifts thine.  
Famous for her deep healths; on even hand, whom  
None could, none durst contend to overcome.   
But it is now high time that I leave the Grecians, and proceed to the Romans, of whom I will be the more brief, because their histories are frequent amongst us.    

CHAP. III. Of famous Wine-bibbers amongst the Romans and other Nations, etc.  
IT is read of Alexander the great, That he was of rare temperance and continence, till he had subdued the Persians, but as he conquered them, so their vices captived him; for they were much addicted to effeminacy and pleasure: So the Romans who were a nation of austere behaviour and absteimious diet, thirsty in their fare and sparing in their cups; having recovered the Monarchy from the Grecians, and subjugated their Empire; As they could teach the other to sight, so they could learn of them to drink; for in short time he was accounted no brave fellow, that could not Graecari, or Greco more bibere, that is, could not measure his cup with theirs, and drink after the Greekish fashion: Neither shall you scarce read of any famous General employed in the conquest of foreign dominions, but that although the spoils he took from them were never so rich, yet he brought withal from thence, part of their vices, were they never so dangerous. So the Frenchmen are said to have brought the Neopolitan disease from Italy, and since engrossed both the malady itself and the name thereof to themselves. And many of our nation have used the Lowe-Countrey wars so long, that though they have left their money and clothes behind, yet they have brought home their habit of drinking.  
Of the Roman Emperors, these were they who were most Voratives and Infamous for their intemperance, as too much indulgent over their throats and bellies, namely, Claudius, Tiberius, Caius, Caligula, Nero the Tyrant, Galba, Vitellius, Aelius verus, Plautianus, Severus, Antonius, Heliogabulus, Bonosus, Maximinus, 〈◊〉, Galienus: neither can Augustus Caesar himself escape aspersion. Amongst the rest Claud: Tiber: Nero was so observed for his extraordinary quaffs and carouses, that the very soldiers in his Camp did not fear to nickname him, even in his hearing, and for Claudius called him Cald●…s, for Tiberius, Biberius, and for Nero, Mero. Marcus An●…onius one of the Triumvirate, with 〈◊〉 and L●…pidus, hath been likewise not unjustly taxed for his night revels, and elbowe-deepe healths. Infinite more I could capitulate unto you, whom for brevity's sake I omit. Now if the Emperors, and great men, were so given over to intemperate bibacity, there is no question, but the People and Communality being more apt to apprehend their vices, then imitate their virtues, would fashion themselves to their example.  
Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis.   

CHAP. FOUR A particular discourse of those Nations most addicted to Vinosity and Drunkenness: with the monstrous effects thereof, etc.  
BOcton in his discourse of Alexander●… journeys, and Amintas in diversor, reports that the Tipirians were so besotted of the grape, they did not only please their palate, and swell their bellies therewith, but they dipped their garments in wine, not enduring the savour of any other odoriferous 〈◊〉. Ctesias in his book the tribute. Asiatic. assirmes as much, giving them the character (notwithstanding) of honest and upright men; which comes something near the Proverb we have amongst us, In vino veritas, In Wine there is truth: Harmodius Lampreates speaking of the Phigalenses, who are near neighbours 
The Phigalenses.  to the Nessenians, brands them with the Title of common Drunkards; and Philarchus, lib. 
Byzantians.  6. terms the Byzantians Helluoes: For their custom is to bring their beds into Taverns and Tiplinghouses, and there drink with all comers, till they fall into such a dead sleep, that a Trumpet sounded in their ears cannot awake them. They are people given over to all voluptuousness, and impatient of labour: Therefore when the great Captain Leonidas had drawn them to battle on his party, he shut up all the Drinking-houses within the City, and caused great store of Wine to be carried without the walls into the Tents, where they were billeted, but when the summons was given, and his forces ready to Encounter the enemy; even than saith Damon, lib. de Byzant, could they be but with great difficulty, thrust out of their drinkingtents, and be drawn to the battle, Menander on Mineruali saith, that Bysantium makes all the Merchants that trade with them drunkards, neither they to have sufficient, till every one seem to one another, to have four heads upon his shoulders. Ephippus in Busyrid. taxeth the Argives 
Argives.  
Tyrinthians.  and the Tyrinthians; For being perpetually overcome with Wine, insomuch (saith he) as often as they enter battle, so oft they turn their back upon the enemy, and fly the field. Eubulas in conglut mat. reports the like of the Milesians, 
Eubidus.  and Polemon in his Book of Epigrams, accuseth 
Elis.  the City Elis, both of Drunkenness and 
Elis.  Lying, in these words:  
Ebria fitque Elis, mentinurque; ac domus una qualis erit, mox urbs, tota reperta tibi.  

Elis will drink and lie,  
and as one house to thee  
Proves; thou wilt by and by,  
find the whole City be.   
Theopompus lib: 22. speaking of the Calcedenses 
Calcedenses.  in Thracia, saith thus, they are a nation who contemning all Arts, and disciplines, with such things as induce to virtue, and good manners, give themselves over to Wine, and sloth: The Thracians in general he calls homines Bibaces, 
Thracians.  of whom the Poet Callimachus thus writes.  

O derat hic Thraces potantes, ore patenti  
Fusim: grataque erant pocula parua sibi.   

The Thracians drinking open mouthed,  
And scattered on the flower,  
He hated: thirsty cups he craved,  
And did desire no more.   
Theopomp. lib. 5. affirms the Methimnians to neglect all things, that even belong to their necessary uses, to spend their hours in carousing, and qua●…ing, whom Cleomenes the Tyrant removed from his People, and diverse of their Bawds (who professed to keep drinkingscholes, and under that government, enticed freewomen to prostitution,) he caused to be sowed up, and thrown into the river: The like act Hermippus, lib. septem sapient. ascribes to Periander, and the same Author, lib. 2. rerum Philippic. reports that the Illirrians, are seldom 
〈◊〉.  or never out of the Simposij, drinking so long, till their wives setch them thence, and support them staggering to their houses: they are all (saith he) voluptuous, who at their first coming into the Tavern (having broad belts, or girdles to contract their bellies within compass) still as they drink, let them out by degrees, till he that came in a Roundlet, goes out like an Hogshead. The same Author tells us, that the Ariaei, and 
〈◊〉.  Helotes, when their Army in the field hath filled 
〈◊〉.  up the number of Three hundred Thousand fight men, they have been so effascinated with the delicious taste of the 〈◊〉, as that they were perpetually intoxicated with the fume and strength thereof, being 〈◊〉 or never sober, Insomuch that the Celtaes leading A potent host against them, and searing the adversary's puissance & number, the night before they were to join battle (knowing their greediness of Wine) they caused their Tents to be furnished with tables; on which were 〈◊〉 costly banquets, with all the rarieties the camp could afford, with great choice of Wines and quaffingbowles, which were tempered with the Ivice of certain pestilent and venenifferous herbs, whose operation was to trouble, and wring the guts, and purge the belly: which done, leaving their Tents desolate, they pretended a sudden and secret fight; The enemy advancing, and supposing them fled for fear, their licorishnesse so far overcame their reason, that they had not the apprehension to suspect the deceit, but presently swallowed the bait, and laying aside their Arms, betook themselves to gormondizing and quaffing: of which the Celtaes, taking advantage, came suddenly upon them, slew many, and those that escaped the slaughter, were forced through the extreme pain of their bellies, to cast themselves into Rivers, perishing by Water, who were so much besotted of Wine.  
The Danes have made a profession thereof 
The vinosity of other nations.  from antiquity, and are the first upon record, that brought their Wassell-bowles and elbowe-deep 
Danes.  healths into this land. It would ask too long discourse, to tell when and how the Swethians, 
Sweathland.  Norwayians, with other inferior nations under 
Norway.  their dominions, as the ●…inlander Lopplander, Greeneland●…r, etc. all bred in cold Climates, love to warm themselves within, and where wine is wanting they have Confections made of honey and other ingredients, with which they will drink themselves so far out of their senses, that though they be uncovered upon the Ice, or frozen earth, hid with snow in the very depth of their winter, yet for the present they are not sensible of the bitter weather or airs distemperature. It is further observed, that the cooler the Climates are, the more the inhabitants are addicted to strong and toxing drinks of which they provide themselves great plenty and much variety.  
The Italians are something moderate, yet at 
Italians.  certain times, either at the celebration of public feasts or private banquets, they will take their rouse freely, though not commonly. The French are our neighbours, I will spare to speak 
French.  much of them, but it seems they love the best of their own grapes so well, that they keep the choice and chief wines to themselves, and send the smallest and refuse into England and other Country's. The Spaniards notwithstanding 
Spaniards.  they have such choy●… and plenty, yet are to be commended for their temperance; drunkenness being ●… Vice so much hated generally among them, that whosoever hath been noted to be delinquent in that kind, he is neither admitted to be of any jury, neither, in his best sobriety, will his evidence be taken in any matter of controversy. The Transylvanians, Wallachians, Hungarians, 
Transiluan.  
Walachians.  Bohemians, Polanders, etc. for the most part drink after the Dutch; neither can any of these free Principalities and Provinces belonging to the Empire, acquit themselves of the great a●…persions (in that kind) which is laid upon whole Germany in general. The Russian hath his 
〈◊〉  quasse▪ the Scot his Ale, the Welsh his Metheglin, 
Scot  the Irish his 〈◊〉▪ and none of these but 
Welsh.  hath sometimes the operation to make midday 
Irish.  look with them, like midnight: but from arch drunkards, I come now to speak of the several sizes and fashions of Cups, Bowls and Goblets, which they used in old time to quaff in.   

CHAP. V. Of several sorts of quaffing Cups and drinking Bomles most frequent in Greece, and other Country's.  
We read in History, of some whose sole delight was to be possessed of many kind of quaffing cups of various shapes and qualities; insomuch that they used not to give a valuation of their riches, by how many Talents they were worth, or what they might yearly dispend, but how many Pots, Cups, and Goblets of Silver, Gold, and Crystal, they could show, when they made any solemn invitation of their friends. Amongst whom was Arcadius Pitheas, 
〈◊〉.  
〈◊〉.  who at his death entreated to have that Epitaph inscribed upon his tomb, of which Harmodius Pepreates. lib. legittim, maketh mention.  
Pytheas hoc tumulo, tegitur prudensquae bonusquae Pocula cui vini multa fuere viro, etc.  

Within this Tomb, here Pytheas lies,  
A man in life both grave and wise;  
With many Cups served in his Chamber.  
Of Silver, Crystal, Gold and Amber▪  
Who for variety and store,  
Exceeded all that went before.   
Zenophon lib. 8. saiththat the Persians were most ambitious that way, so that he was most magnified amongst them, who at any invitation could show the richest Plate, and the greatest choice of quassing Cups; neither made they any scruple how unjustly they compassed them, so that they had of them abundantly to furnish their Cup-boards.  
Cerilius the rhetorician reports of Agathocles, 
〈◊〉.  that he was much delighted in drinking vessels of Gold and Silver, amongst which wer●… intermingled earthen Pots and Steanes, in remembrance that he was the son of a Potter; and would usually show his Plate to his familiars, and say, Behold, all these have I bought and purchased since I was made King. Sophocles in Lariss: speaks of Acrisias thus; 
Acrisias.   
Exponit aeneas lebetes ut ferunt etc.  

His brazen kettles he would show (they say)  
And hollow Mineral Cups, with some of Clay,  
Others of Silver (whose store) could afford  
Sixty two cups at once upon the board.   
Possidonius in his 26. book of histories, writes, that when Lysimachus the Babylonian invited Hymerus 
〈◊〉.  with three hundred gentlemen to supper, (which Hymerus governed the Babylonians and Selucians at one time) when the Table was taken away, he put into the hands of every one of the 300, a silver bowl of four pounds' weight, which when they drunk off brimmed with wine, he bestowed the cups freely upon them, to dispose of at their pleasure.  
There were a sort of Cups called literatae, or 
〈◊〉 liberat●…e.  with letters, when Anticlides the Athenian, with other Princes, sent a Colony into Lesbos; In which expedition, a beautiful virgin was cast Overboard into the Sea; one Enallo a chief Captain amongst them being much 〈◊〉 on the damsel, leapt in after her, with purpose to save her, but both of them were suddenly overwhelmed with the waves, and no more seen, but after some few years, when Methimne came to be Inhabited, Enallo appeared to some chief men of the City, and to them delivered the cause of his so long absenting himself, relating ●…nto them that the Virgin was still living, and made a companion with the daughters of the old Sea-god Nereus, and that he himself was entertained by Nepture, and made his chief herdsman, to feed his Sea morses, or oxen, and then presented them with a Cup of Gold, (of no great quantity) made round with ears, and very ancient, about whose compass were engraven eleven Greek Letters to jupiter, the deliverer, or preserver; Achaeus tragicus in 〈◊〉 speaks of this Proculum Libertum, thus: They called me of late a jug, or drinking-cup, consecrated to the Gods, whilst D. stands in the first place, I. in the second, than O. and N. with Y. followeth, and after O. which filleth up the word Dyoniso, or to Bacchus.   

CHAP. VI A discovery of sundry other Cups of several Fashion and size.  
PHiletus Megarenses, lib. de ordinat Prothenius, and 〈◊〉 the Priest of A●…ollo, writ of a Cup called Giala; that whensoe'er the King entered 
Giala.  into any City, he was presented with a Giall of Wine at the gate, of which he tasted before he was permitted to proceed any further: There is another sort called Dynus, of a 
〈◊〉.  great capatious receipt, of which diverse Authors make mention, as Archidie●…s, Appollophanes in Daulid, Telesilla poetria, and others, amongst which is Dinosius, Synopaeus; who of a drunken old Woman thus writes.  

Dic quo tuplex est poculorum genus,  
Faeminae? Dicothili Tricotili & ingens Dinus, etc.   

Tell me, oh woman, if thou now beest able,  
How many several Potts be on the Table?  
Cups of 2. draughts, or 3. or the great dine,  
Of a capatious measure, brimmed with Wine,  
Boat-cups, or bowls called Rhytae may there be? 
Boate-Cups.   
For nothing else but cups the Crone can see. 
Rhytae.    
Silemus, and Clitarchus in linguis said, that amongst the Clytorians, there were Goblets in frequent use, called Depastra, as Antimachus, Colophonius 
Depastra.  lib. 5. Thebay. affirms.  
Regibus & Graijs mox atulit ipsa Depastra.  
To the Kings and Greeks, she strait brought in the Depastra, which were Golden vessels, and made with ears, after the fashion of those which were called Dactilotae, so termed, because 
〈◊〉.  they were strait and tall, after the manner of the Sydonian bowls, or else because they were altogether plain, and came not near the fire, Homer's Cauldron, or Kettle, was never set to warm any liquor, or to cool that which was before heated.  
Damoxemus speaks of another kind of Goblets, called Elephas, est poculum (saith he) magnum 
Elephas.  quod trium sit Choarum & Capax, It is a great spacious Bowl, and holds three Choas: Of the same Epinicus in Re●…pondent maketh mention, there was another called Ephebus, vulgarly styled 
Ephebus.  Embacicaeta; of which Pholemon Atheniensis lib. 
〈◊〉.  Attic. nomin: & lingua: speaks, as also Stephanus Comitas in phicilotacone in these words, mecum tuli grandes Ephebas & graves simul, I brought with me those great and heavy pots, which were cal●…'d Ephebae.  
Lynceus Samius writes of another kind called 
The names of several quaffing bowls▪  Hedipotades, some were styled Herculea, Hethania, Semisecta, Thericlea, Cadus, Cadiscus, Cantharus, Carchesius, Calpius, Celeba, Cornu, Cossibuium, Cotila, Cyborium, Condy, Canonius, Caelicus, Hemin●…, Cotabides, Cratanium, Crumum, Cyathides, Calyx, Cilichnides, Cymbium, C●…pella, Cymba, Colcon, Latronia, Lacaeum, Lepasta, Laebasnis, Spondium, Lesbium, Peluis, Lyciargus, Mela, Holmus, Oxybaphet, Aenesteria, Vnguis, Proaros, Pelica, Rheontes, Rhycydes, Rhotyades, Rhytus, Sannacra, Selencides, S●…yphus, Callina, Scythus, Tabaeta, Tragelaphus, Triremis, Hystiachus, Phyale, Chrysides, Argirides, Odus, Ouum, Otyscyphium, etc. every one of these taking denomination, either of the Matter, Mettle or Sign; the measure they contain, the place where they were forged or cast, or the Artist who first devised them, it asks too m●…ch time to give you of them a several Character.   

CHAP. VII. Of Nestor's quaffing Bowl, the same which he used at the siege of Troy.  
OF Nestor's quaffing Bowl the Poet thus writes;  
Poculum erat Pulchrum, etc.  

'Twas a fair Cup with golden studds transfixed:  
Four ears it had, with equal space betwixt,  
(In which he drank at home) you might behold  
There double Livia's feeding upon gold.  
Two bottoms t'had, and when 'twas brimmed, not one  
Could lift it from the board, save he alone:  
The grave old Nestor) with no labour too, etc.   
Some would have these Claves to be golden nails artificially driven in; but Asclepiades Mirlyanus takes them rather to be swellings, beaten out in the manner of studds, such as Homer describes to be in Achilles his S●…epter, and the hilt and chape of Agamemnon's Sword; the fashion of this Bowl was not usual, but only in these Cups called Seleucides; such as had two bottoms were styled Oniscipia parui cantheri, and Carchaesia; such a quaffing Cup there is in Capna a City of Campania, dedicate to Pallas, yet to be seen; which they say was Nestor's drinking Cup before spoken of. The mettle is of silver, and hath certain verses charactered in gold; 
Livi●….  Nor are these Livia's to be understood (as some have interpreted them) these birds which we call Doves and Turtles, but rather the Pleyades, the daughters of old Atlas (who is said by the Poets to support the whole frame of heaven upon his shoulders.) For the grave and wise Nes●…or, in making the substance of silver, seemed to have a reference to the colour of the firmament; and in the golden studds to comply with the stars, and by the Livia's the Pleiades, we are taught when to sow, to mow, or to reap; and by their appearance to know the time of the growth or gathering in the fruits of the earth, according to that of the Poet Hesiad:  

Tempus adest Messis cum sunt Atlantides ortae,  
Ast ubi Merguntur jubeo proscindere campos.   

When Atlas daughters rise, harvest comes on,  
When they are drensht, the plough then think upon.   
Many other Criticisms that may arise hence, might be disputed, but I purpose not to be prolix in any thing.   

CHAP. VIII. A discourse of sev●…all sorts of Wines, and first of those most frequent in Italy.  
IT would not stand with propriety, nor suit with Custom, to expose so many empty cups before you, and no liquor at all in them, and therefore it follows by course to speak something of Vines, and ●…irst of those in Italy.  
Galen speaking of the Falernum or Muscadel, 
Vinum Falernum.  saith, It is commonly drunk from ten years old to fifteen, and so to twenty: before ten, it is neither wholesome nor tasteful; and after twenty, offensive to the head and stomach, there be two sorts thereof, white and yellow. Then they 
〈◊〉.  have vinum Albanum, of which there are likewise two kinds, the one sweet, the other bitter, both of them commonly drunk from the fifteenth year to the twentieth. Their Surrentinum is not to 
S●…ntinum.  be drunk till after five and twenty years, it is fat, but weak, and hard of digestion. Rhegium is 
Rhegium.  more fat than the former, and is not drunk till after fifteen years. Privernum comes of a grape which is smaller and less offensive to the brain. Phormianum is somewhat like it, but not so 
〈◊〉.  strong and sooner ripe; a degree below which, for strength, is the Trypholium, near unto which 
〈◊〉.  
〈◊〉.  is the Sentinum: The Tybertine is more heady 
〈◊〉.  than the former, and the older it is, the better it 
Libicanum.  relisheth the palate; the Libicanum is a Wine full, and sweet-tasting, betwixt the Album, and Falernum. The Gauranum is sweet and fat, thick and strong; but very rare, and esteemed the best, 
〈◊〉.  as preferred before the Tybertine, or Prenestine: Marsicum is very tart and sharp, and healthful to the stomach; It grows in the Provinces called Campania, near unto the Cumae: Asconitanum 
〈◊〉  is fat and good; The Picentinum is like the 
〈◊〉, 〈◊〉.  Albanum, and profitable to digestion, Calanum is a light Wine, and better tasted then the Muskadel, the Caecubum is called Vinum generosum, a generous Wine, very strong, but not in its prime till after many years; Fundanum is strong and nourishing, but sooner fumeth into the head, and inflameth the stomach, therefore seldom drunk in the Simposium: The Scyathium is 
〈◊〉.  lighter than all these, and is drunk from seven years to fifteen: The Signinum is good at six 
〈◊〉  years, and the older the better: The Nomentanum 
〈◊〉.  quickly comes to ripeness, and hath in it little or no sweetness at all▪ The Spoletinum is sweet in taste; and of the colour of Gold; That called Acuannm parallels the Surrentine in 
〈◊〉▪  all things; Valuinum is sharp and unpleasant; 
〈◊〉.  Cansinum is held to be a generous Wine, and very 
〈◊〉.  like Muskadel▪ Venefranu●… comforts the stomach, 
〈◊〉.  mach, and is light: Trebellicum is most in use in 
Trebellicum.  and about Naples; It cherisheth the stomach, makes a cheerful countenance, and is of a moderate strength: Eubulum is first black, but after 
Eubulum.  some few years changeth colour, it is small, but delicate in taste: Massiliense is wholesome, 
Massiliense.  thick and strong, but there is very small store of it, therefore it is the dearer, and the more desired: The Tarentinum, and all in that climate are soft and pleasant, and very comfortable to the stomach: Mamertinum grows not in Italy, 
〈◊〉▪ Io●…linum.  The Sicillians call it jotalinum; It is sweet and strong, Chares Mytilenaeus speaks of A Daemon, or spirit adored amongst the Indians, whose name is Soradius, which as the greeks interpret it? was the first that brought the use of Wine into their Country.   

CHAP. IX. The like of the Wines of Greece, and elsewhere, with their appellations, and operations, etc.  
THe Kings of Persia drink only of one kind of Grape, which was called Vinum Calybonium, wh●…ch Possidonius 
〈◊〉 n.  affirms, grew in Damascus, a City of Syria: But Agarsides 
〈◊〉.  writes that the best Wines grow in Issa, an ●…land 
〈◊〉.  near unto Adria, Epilichus remembers us of the Wines in Chyus and Thasius; Fubulas comemorates others called Thasium, and Psythium, 
Thasium.  and Peparethinum: and Arestrates Dypnologus 
〈◊〉.  of Lencadinum, and Milesium, and Blebina, which grow●… in Syria: Phenicum and Lisbinum, Xenophon of Mendaeum, and the Poet Hermippus 
Mendaeum.  speaking of Wines, sorteth them thus;  

Mendaeum Mingunt Caelestia regna tenentes,  
Molibus in stratis, sunt dulcia Thessala vina.   

The Gods Celestial, in their beds Divine,  
Having drunk deep, piss out Mendaena wine.  
Thessalium Wines are pleasant, relishing well, 
Thessalium.   
The Thasunim too, that do of Apples smell;  
And that I thought all others had surpassed,  
Till mellow Chyum better pleased my taste.  
There is a wine called Saprium, which if powered 
Saprium.   
Into a bowl, and covered but an hour,  
The lid removed, thence will arise a smell  
So rare, that shall the Violet excel,  
Or H●…cinthe; as of that fragrant race,  
The casements shut; it sweetens all the place,  
Such noble Nectar may my friends devour,  
My foes, the Peparathium, tart and sour.   
The Mendoians, as Phantas Eressius writes, 
Phantas.  use often to water their Vines with certain Medcinable Ivices, called Elateria, to make the Wine taste the more pleasant and gentle: Se●…us in Icaro reports that ther●… is another sort called Pramnium, which takes the denomination 
Pramnium.  of a Mountain so called: Amphis speaks of Acantium: 
Acantyum.  
〈◊〉.  Alexis of Corinthium, and Euboicum: 
Enboicum.  Archilochus of Napium, and 〈◊〉: Chresmus 
Napuim.  of Pollium, so called of Pollio the Argine, who 
〈◊〉.  
Pollium.  reigned in Siracusa: We read further of Vinum 
〈◊〉.  Oaenantium, Benthium, Paristium, Onoglium, 
Benthium.  
Pavistium.  Stathmium; from the places where they grew: 
Onoglium.  Polyrelus speaks of a Wine in Rhodes▪ called Antitum; 
〈◊〉.  
Antitum.  〈◊〉 Comicus of Capria, the best of which 
〈◊〉.  he saith is in Bonaventum in Italy: Amphium is 
Amphium.  remembered by 〈◊〉, and called Malum, etc.    

THE SECOND TRACTATE.  

CHAP. VIII. Of our English Drunkards. The titles they give one to another, with the variety of their drinking Cups, and Vessels.  
TO leave all other natives, and now at last to turn our eyes inward, and look back upon ourselves, w●…e by comparing their riots, excesses, intemperances', surfeits, variety of drinks, and choice of quafsing Cups with ours frequent in our land, rather for figure, or size, Mettle, or matter, shall easily find, that we are so farre from coming short of them in any one thing, that we apparently exceed th●…m in all things, first, whereas other languages afford but some few words, as amongst the Grecians, Philocothonista; the Latins, Ebrius, or Bibax; the Spaniards, Borachio: The French, Yurogne: The Italian, Boraco, and so of the rest. To title a drunkard by, we (as loath to give such a name, so gross and harsh) strive to character him in a more mincing and modest phrase; as thus:  

He is a good fellow,  
Or,  
A boon Companion,  
A mad Greek,  
A true Tojan,  
A stiff Blade,  
One that is steel to the back,  
A sound Card,  
A merry Comrage,  
A Low-country Soldier,  
One that will take his rouse,  
One that will drink deep, though it be a mile to the bottom,  
One that knows how the Cards are dealt,  
One that will be flush of all four,  
One that will be subtle as a Fox,  
One that will drink till the ground looks blue,  
One that will wound up his bottom,  
One that bears up stiff,  
One whose nose is dirty,  
One whom the Brewer's horse hath bit,  
One that ca●… relish all waters,  
One that knows of which side his bread is buttered,  
One that drinks upse-freeze,  
One that drinks supernaculum,  
One that lays down his ears and drinks,  
One that can sup off his Cider, & c   
Next for variety of drinking Cups, we need 
Drinking-Cuppes.  not be said to come near, but to go far beyond the Grecians, of whose carow sing bowls I have before given you a sufficient catalogue; diverse and sundry sorts we have, some of Elm, 
WoodenCuppes.  some of Box, some of Maple, some of Holly, etc. Mazer's, broad-mouthed dishes, Noggins, whiskins, Piggins, Crinzes, Al●…-bowles, Wassell-bowles, Court-dishes, Tankards, Cans, from a Pottle to a Pint, from a Pint to a Gill: other Bottles we 
Of Leather.  have of Leather, but they most used amongst the Shepherds, and harvest people of the Country; small jacks we have in many Alehouses of the City, and Suburbs, tipped with silver, besides the great black jacks, and bombards at the Court, which when the Frenchmen first saw, they reported at their return into their Country, that the Englishmen used to drink out of their Boots; we have beside, cups made of horns of beasts, of Cocker-nutts, of Goords, of the eggs of Ostriches, others made of the shells of diverse fishes brought from the Indies, and other places, and shining like mother of 〈◊〉: Infinite there are of all measures, and fashions modelled of earth, Cotili, and Dycotili, single pots, and double pots, some plain, others of many colours: Insomuch that the Dutchmen have removed their Furnaces hither, and driven a great trade as if our own Nation and soil, could not either asford us earth, and clay enough, or workmen sufficient to maintain our 〈◊〉: some I have seen made in the form or figure of beasts, as of Dogs, Cats, Apes, and Horses, others of Fishes, as Dolphins, etc. But the most curious and costly, either for Workmanship, or Mettle, are brought from China: Of glasses to 
Glasses.  quaff in, the fashions and sizes be almost without number, some transported hither from Venice, and other places, some made in the City by strangers; besides the ordinary sort, I have seen some like Ships under-sayle, accommodated with Masts, Sails, Ordnance, Cable, Anchor, and sailors to man her: others like boats, Lions, Rats, Trumpets, and indeed what not? Come to plate, Every Tavern can 
Plate.  afford you flat bowls, French bowls, Prounct Cups, Beare-bowles, Beakers, and private householders in the City, when they make a Feast to entertain their friends, can furnish their cupboards, with Flagons, Tankards, Beer cups. Wine-bowles, some whire, some parcel guilt, some guilt all over, some with covers, others without, of sundry shapes and qualities. Many can make shows of 50. pounds, or an hundred Marke-worth of plate upon his Table, when he hath scare an hundred shillings to dance in his pocket, and that makes the proverb to grow so common amongst them. A good pa●…ne never shames his master. But come to a great man's Invitation in the Citi●…, the variety and value of their plate, were it not so common, might to some appear wonderful: what then may we imagine the estate of the Nobility, and the Court to be in that kind: No question without valuation; Insomuch that diverse of good experience and judgement have been of opinion; that the Plate doth much outvalue the Coin in the Kingdom: you see how we may compare with others in variety of cups, let us now examine what competitor-ship we can claim with them in diversity of drinks.   

CHAP. XI. What foreign Wines and sundry sorts of drinks are now frequent in this Kingdom.  
IT is unquestionable, but that where other nations and Provinces are contented with such wines or other liquors as their own Climates afford; Yet we, as if doting upon insatiety, borrow from them all: From the French; Red, White, Claret, Graves, High-countrey, Gallicke, from Gascoigne, Rochel, Orleans, etc. From the Spaniard, all kinds of Sacks, as Malligo, Charnio, Sherry, Canary, Lcatiea, Palerno, Fr●…ntiniack, Peeter-see-mee, Vino deriba 〈◊〉, Vino dita Frontina, Vino blanco, Moscatell perarsarvina Calis, Callon gallo paracomer, etc. And from other Islands, sweet wines, B●…stard white and brown, Raspis, Tent, Halligant, Melnisee, Muskadel. From Germany; Rhennish, Backrag, etc. And besides these, sundry Greek wines; to every of which, as they but vary in taste, so they give them new adulterate names never before heard of. We have moreover Wine of the Vintners own making conjured from the rest: Ip●…cras white and red, Boxed Alicante with Sugar and Eggs; Stitch-broth brewed with rose-water and Sugar, Burn'dSacke; Burn'd-Wine; Muld-Wine; TomlonsBalderdash, etc. And notwithstanding we have it in our own dominions, Metheglin from Wales, and nearer hand, Whey, Perry, Cider, Bear, Bragget, and Ale: To add to these chief and multiplicity of wines, before named, yet there be Stills and Limbecks going, swetting out Aquavitae and strong waters, deriving their names from Cinnamon, Lemmons, Balm, Angelica, Aniseed, Stomach-water, Humm, etc. And to fill up the number, we have plenty both of Vsqueba'he and Scotch-Ale; neither can I think that any nation under the Sun thirst more after variery of variety.  
But I could wish all our deep Carowsers and health-quaffers to listen to the words and counsel of Zenophon, who thus saith, I would have all my friends to drink Wine, but with a limit and moderation; for when it hath watered and quickened the spirits, It qualifieth cares, and expels 
The effects of moderate drinkers.  the dolorous passions of the mind; it ●…th the power of Mandragora to provoke men to quie●… and sound sleep, and as oil putteth life into the flame, so it wakens and stirs up the dull and slothful spirits to agility and quickness; for men's bodies may be compared to the flowers and plants of the e●…th; for when they are over-watered, and almost drowned with sudden showers; and tedious and intempestive Rain: they droop, and hang their heads, as not able to hold them up, through the extremity of moisture: but when they receive a gentle dew, and drink no more from the soft melting clouds then is sufficient, they appear much refreshed, and are made more capable thereby of sudden growth, and fertile production, so we, when we pour into our bodies deep and lavish cups, they dull the understanding, darken the eyes, captive the senses, suffocate the breath, dull the tongue, making us neither fit for speech, nor motion; but to drink moderately sharpeneth the appothite, helpeth digestion, and prepareth the spirits to active mirth and alacrity. Our Feasts, banquets, and meetings should be rather ordered and prepared like that of which Zenophanes Colophonius speaketh, expressing himself in these words:  
jamque solum purum, est manus huic & pocula cunctis, Puraque quae-cingit nexa corona caput, etc.  

Clean swept the flower, white hands, Pots without stain  
And pure and fresh the Crown that girts thy brain.  
An unguent one Cup holds, with odours sweet,  
A second fraught is brought, these a third meet,  
Full of sweet smelling flowers, in midst of which  
Another bowl is placed, that's filled with rich  
And purest Frankincense, the feast to gr●ce,  
Whose divine smell doth sweeten all the place:  
Fresh pleasant water is not wanting there,  
Upon the the reverend Table; All the cheer  
Is Yellow cakes, pure Honey, and fat cheese:  
The Altan that stands by, hath the degrees  
With fair flowers strewed, so likewise is the ground,  
With festive songs, the Courts about resound.  
They offer first unto the Powers divine,  
(As good men ought) before they taste their Wine:  
With hearts sincere, unto the Gods they pray,  
That nothing ill may there be done that day.  
They do not drink to surfeit, but for thirst,  
Riot with them is starved, and temperance nursed;  
Extremes they shun, the mean they do not break,  
Not he that most can drink, but best can speak,  
Hath their repute. All quarrels they extrude,  
'Mongst them the Giants wars are not renewed;  
Nor Centaines Feasts: but in their cups they bear,  
Hearts like the Gods, so upright and sincere.   
The like we read in the Excellent Poet Anacreon.  

Nullus amicus erit, qui tecum pocula siccat,  
Dum rixas bella etc.   

No friend of thine let such a man be held,  
Who when he empties cups with thee: is swelled  
With rage to brawl and fight, but only he  
With whom the Muses, and sweet mirth agree.    

CHAP. XII. Of a new order of drinking lately come up amongst us, called a drinking School or Library. The degrees taken in the School: The Tongues and Books which they study, with the several titles proper to the Professors of that Art.  
HOw far f●…om these and the like, our Bacchanals are, may appear by the sequel; For there is now professed an eight liberal Art or Si●…nce called Ars bibendi, ●…. the Art of Drinking. The Students or Professors thereof, call à gre●…ne Garland, or painted hoop hanged out, A College: A sign where there is lodging, mans-meate, and horse-meat: An Inn of Court an Hall, or an Hostile, where nothing is sold but Ale and Tobacco, A Grammar School: A red or blue Lattice, that they term A free School, for all comers.  
Now we know that in all Schools there are several degrees to be attained unto, therefore they in their deep understandings, and prosound judgements have thought it exped●…ent to call:  
A fat corpulent Fellow, A master of Art. A lean Drunkard, A Bachelor. He that hath a Purple face enchased with Rubies, and such other ornaments. A Bachelor of Law: He that hath a red nose; A Doctor, and he that goes to school by six a clock in the morning, and hath his lesson perfect by eleven; him they do hold to be a pregnant Scholar, and grace him with that Title.  
Now before they go to study, at what time of the day, or night soever it is necessary to know what language:  
If the English Tongue, He drinks Al●…. 
The study of Several tongues.  If the Dutch,  Bear. If the Spanish,  Sack●…, or Canari●…. If Italian,  B●…stard. If the Grecian,  Rhenish, or 〈◊〉. If Irish,  Vsqueba'he. If Wel●…,  〈◊〉. If Latin,  Hallig●…. If Greek,  Muskadel. If Hebrew,  Hypocr●….  
The books which they study, and whose leaves they so often turn over, are for the most part three of the old translation, and three of the new, those of the old translation:  

First, the Tankard. 
The books which the drunka●…ds study.   
Secondly, the Black-Iac●….  
Thi●…dly the Quart-Pot ribbed, or Thorondell.   
Those of the New be these.  

First, the jug.  
Secondly, the Beaker.  
Thirdly the double or single Can, Or Black-Pot.   
You hear what the Books most in use amongst them are: It follows now as a thing necessary to make known unto you, what the professors be, or at lest what Titles they have amongst them. 
The professors of this Art.   
He that weeps in his cups and is Maudlin drunk— studies Hydromancy. He that laughs and talks much—  Natural Philosophy. He that gives good counsel—  Morality. He that builds Castles in the Air—  Metaphisicks. He that sings in his drink-  Music. He that disgorgeth his stomach.—  Physic. He that brags of his Travels—  Cosmography. He that rhymes extemporie, or speaks play speeches-  Po●…try.  

He that cries trill-lill boys, is a— rhetorician.  
He that calls his fellow Drunkard, a— Logician.  
He that proves his argument by a Pamphlet or Ballad, a— Grammarian.  
He that rubs off the score with his Elbow Ha●… or Cloak, an— Arithmetitian  
He that knocks his head against a post, then looks up to the sky, an— Astronomer.  
He that reels from one side of the Kennel to another, a— ●…eomitrician.  
He that going homeward falls into a ditch, or Kennel, a— Navigator.  
He that loseth himself in his discourse or talk, a— Mooter.  
He that brawls and wrangles in his Cups, a— Barrister.  
He that loveth to drink in hugger-mugger, a— Bencher.  
He that drinks to all comers, a— Young Student.  
He that hath no money in his purse, but drinks on trust, a— Merchant Venterer.  
He that in his Wine is nothing else but compliment, a— Civilian.  
He that drinks and forgets to whom: is said to study the— Art of Memory.    

CHAP. XIII. Their phrases borrowed from several Courts, with places of dignity usurped by them, both Civil and Martial.  
TO leave the Colleges it is needful now that we inquire what is done in the Courts, and to learn what phrases and words of Art belonging to their profession they borrow from them:  

He that plucks his friend or acquaintance, 
Phrases borrowed from several courts  into a Tavern or Tippling house perforce, is called a— Sergeant.  
He that quarrels with his hostess and calls her whore— Puts in his Declarations.  
He that is silent or tongue-tied in his Cups, is said to— Demur upon the Plaintiff.  
He that engrosseth all the talk to himself, is called— Foreman of the Iury.  
He that with his loud talk deaffens all the company,— Crier of the Court.  
He that takes upon him to make the reckoning,— Pronounceth judgement.  
He that wants money, and another man pays for, is— Quit by Proclamation  
He that gives his host or hostess a bill of his hand, is said to be-— Saved by his Clergy.  
He that is so free that he will pledge all comers— Attorney Gen●…rall.  
He that wears a Nightcap, having been sick of a surfeit— S●…geant of the Coyffe.  
He that is observed to be drunk but once a week— An ordinary Purs●…ant.  
He that takes his row●… freely but once in a mon●…th, a— Sub-Sheriffe.  
He that healths it but once in a Quarter, a— justice of Peace.  
And he that takes his rouse but twice a 〈◊〉— judge of a Circuit.   
There be likewise belonging to this Art, or 
Places of dignity belong-to this Ar●….  Science, divers places of respect and dignity, both Civil and Martial; Of the Civill ●…rst;  

He that is unruly in his Cups, swaggers, and flings Pots and Drawers down stairs, 〈◊〉 Glasses, and beats the Fiddlers about the room; they call by the name of— Major Do●….  
He that cuts down signs, bushes or 〈◊〉— Master controller.  
H●… that can win the favour of the ho●…esses daughter to lie with her,— Principal Secretary.  
He that stands upon his strength and begins new healths,— Mr. of the Ceremonies.  
He that is the first to begin new frollickes,— Mr. of the Novelties.  
He that ●…ings Cushions Napkins and Trenchers ●…bout the room,— Mr. of Mis●…ule.  
He that wanting money is forced to pawn his Cloak,— Master of the Wardrobe.  
He that calls for Rashers, pickleOysters, or Anchovyes,— Clerk of the Kitchen.  
He that talks much, and speaks nonsense, is called a— Procter.  
He that tells tedious and long tales,— Register.  
He that takes the tale out of another man's mouth,— Public Notary.   
The Martial degrees follow in the next place; And their order, thus;  

He that drinks in his boots and Gingling-spurs, is called a— Colonel of a Regiment.  
He that drinks in Silk-stockings and Silke-garters— Ca●…tain of a foot-company.  
He that slings Pottle and Quartfield pots down the stairs,— Marshal of the field.  
He that begins three healths together to go round the table,— Mr. of the Ordnance.  
He that calls first in all the company for a Looking-glass,— Camp Master.  
He that waters the Faggotts by pissing in the Chimney,— Corporal of the field.  
He that thunders in the room and beats the Drawers,— Drum-Major.  
He that looks red, and colours in his drink,— Ensign-bearer.  
He that thrusts himself into company and hangs upon others,— Gentleman of a Company.  
He that keeps company and hath but twopences to s●…end,— Lansprizado.  
He that pockets up Gloves, Knives, or Handkerchiefs,— 〈◊〉.  
He that drinks three days together without resp●…t,— An Old-souldier.  
He that swears and lies in his drink— An Intelligencer.    

CHAP. XIIII. Of their sea-service: Their new terms for new Paradoxes: Their Writing-Schoole, etc.  
HAving past the degrees, both Civil and Martial, It follows in the next place that we come to take view of the Sea, or rather, Seller-seruice; of which we have already made this Que●…e:  

He that having over drunk himself, 
Of their sea-service.  and utters his stomach in his next fellows Boots or Shoes, they call— Admiral of the Narrow-Seas.  
He that piss●…th under the Table to offend their Shoes or Stockings— Vice-admiral.  
He that is first Flaued in the company before the rest,— Master of a ship.  
He that is the second that is drunk at the Table,— Masters Mate.  
He that slovenly spilleth his drink upon the Table,— Swabber.  
He that privately and closely stealeth his liquor,— Pirate of the Narrow-Seas  
He that is suddenly taken with the Hitch-up,— Master-Gunner.  
He that is still smoking with the Pipe at his nose,— Flute.  
He that belcheth either backward or forward,— Trumpet●…r   
I might run through the rest of the Offices in the ship but for tediousness, therefore these beforenamed suffice for the present. I am next to acquaint you with new terms for new Paradoxes; As first, Your Drinking-Schoole must not be termed a Study, a Buttery, a Tavern, a Taphouse, or a Seller; but a Library, wherein is specially to be observed, That whosoever shall 
Necessary obs●…uations.  drink himself from off his legs, in the Library, must be Raised, Recovered, and Conjured up with a book of the Old-translation: But he that is drowsy, and sleeps only to prevent the biting of Flees, must read in one of the New; and in so doing, it is judged by the most learned of that Society, that the exercise is well performed for that present.  
You have heard how they practise to study; It is requisite that you likewise know how they teach one another to write:  

He that is industrious to learn 
Their 〈◊〉.  the Secretary-hand, calls for a Bowl or Glass of— Six-shillings Bear.  
He that desires to write a fair Rom●…n-hand,— for Ch●…ico.  
He that for that time would practise the Court-hand,— C●…ary.  
He ●…hat will write the Chancery hand, calls for three horns of— Bragg●…tt.  
He that would be perfect in the Checker-hand, begins with a draught of the Wooll-sac●…— Bear, or Al●….  
He that cannot see the way out of the Library, must call for a legeble hand to read, and that's— A cup of Sack.    

CHAP. XV. Of certain penal Statutes enacted by Drunkards, upon several forfeitures committed in their healthing; with Rits that issue upon the forfeitures, etc.  
I Come now to the penal Statutes enacted for divers forfeitures, upon most grave and mature deliberation, 
Of penal Statutes enacted upon diverse forfeitures.  as followeth; No man must call a Goodfellow Drunkard, for that's a name of reproach and indignity, as quite extermined out of their learned Society: But if at any time they spy that defect one in another, they may without any forfeit or just exceptions taken, say; He is Foxt, He is Flawed, He is Flusterd, He is Suttle, Cupshot, Cut in the Leg or Back, He hath seen the French King, He hath swallowed an Hair or a Taverne-Token, He hath ●…hipt the Cat, He hath been at the Scriveners and learned to make Indentures, He hath bit his Grannam, or is bit by a Barne-Weesell, with an hundred such like adages and sentences, extract out of the most Authentic Authors in their Liberary.  
Now upon the breach of these Statutes diverse Writts' Issue, to be s●…rued upon the delinquents; of which:  

The first cup, or Writ, with 
Of Writts that Issue upon the for●…itures.  which he is to be served, is— A Subpaena.  
The second granted out by the Court, is called— Alterum summoneas.  
The third that comes upon him for his forfeiture,— An Exigent.  
The fourth, if he be peremptory, and stand it out,— A capias.  
The 〈◊〉, which by no means can be avoided, a— Fieri-facies.   
And if the Liquor be sour, flat, muddy, or any way distasteful, so that it giveth no content unto the company:  

There presently goeth a Writ out,— Admelius inquirendum.   
There are diverse other Writts for ●…vers other causes.  

If any shall rudely press into 
Other W●…itts for other causes.  the room without leave,— A forcible Entery.  
If he be admitted, he than pleadeth— Libertate probanda.  
If one depart the Room without paying that which he called for,— No exeat 〈◊〉.  
If he begins to stagger, than two cups more, is an— Attachment.  
But if he chance to fall under the Table:— A binding process.  
If he be drowsy, and offer to sleep in the room, an— Habeas corpus.  
If he be dead drunk, and without motion,— Capias ad Vigatum.  
If any to cease drinking, fall to whisper,— A Writ of conspiracy.  
If any shall offer to buy the stooping,— Champertaine.  
If an unruly drunkard chance to be kicked down the stairs,— Excomunicato capiendo.  
But if he be suffered to stay with good leave,— Dedimus Potestatem.  
If any one of them shall hide his head for the reckoning,— A Latitat.  
If a drunkard sitting long in the Tavern, sha●…be fetch't home by his Wife, a— Quo jure.  
If he drink from the morning till the Sun go down,— Diem clausit extremum.    

CHAP. XVI. Of sundry Terms and Titles proper to their young Studients, with Customs to be observed, and ●…rfits upon the breach, with diverse Proverbs used amongst them, etc.  

HE that makes himself 
Terms and Titles.  a laughingstock to the whole company, is called a— Tenant in Fee-simple.  
He that will be still smowching and kissing his Hostess behind the door,— Tenant entail special.  
He that will be still kissing all comers in,— Tenant entail general.  
He that is three parts foxed, and will be kissing,— Tenant entail after possibility of Issue extinct.  
He that is permitted to take a nap, and to sleep,— Tenant by the courtesy de Angliter.  
If two or three Women meet twice or thrice a week, to take Gossip's Cup, they are— Tenants in dower.  
He that hath the disposing of a donative amongst his comrades,— Tenant in Frank Almain.  
He whose head seems to be heavier than his heels, holds in— Capite.  
He whose heels are heavier than his head, holds in— Soccadge.  
All Gentlemen- Drunkards; Scholars, and Soldiers, hold in— Knights s●…ice.  
He that drinks nothing but Sack and Aquavitae, holds by— Gr●…d 〈◊〉.  
He that drinks only Ale, or Beer, holds by— Petit serientry.  
He that drinks uncovered, with his head bare,— Tenders his homage.  
He that humbles himself to drink on his knee,— Doth his fealty.  
He that hunteth the Taverns, or Taphouses, when he comes first to age,— Pays his relief.  
He that hath sold and mortgaged all the land he hath,— Sueth for his livery.  
He whose Wife goeth with him to the Tavern, or Alehouse, is— A freeholder.  
He whose Wife useth to fetch him home from the Library, is a— Tenant at will.  
He that articles with his Ho●…esse about the reckoning, is a— Coppieholder.  
He that staggering, supports himself by a wall or a post, holds by the— Verge.   
Customs to be observed: and forfeits upon the breach.  

First, not to drink unto any man in the company 
Customs and forfeits.  if a Woman be in presence.  
2. Not to drink to the Drawer, Tapster, or Buttler; Upon pain of drinking twice.  
3. To keep your first man, and withal to remember whom you drink unto.  
4. To have a care to see yourself pledged.  
5. That you see the health to go round.   
Other customs there be in some places held by Tradition, as to have Thirteen to the dozen, and call for the reckoning pot, or come again.  
Certain learned Proverbs, and proper Phrases belonging to the Library.  
AS to drink Vpse-phreese, Supernaculum, 
Proverbs.  to swallow a Slap-dragon, or a raw Egg: Then to see that no less than three at once be bare to a health: And of Proverbs These and the like.  
He that drinks red, gains by the colour▪ A pound of care, will not pay an ounce of debt: A raw stomach makes a rheumatic head, etc.   

CHAP. XVII. Divers Cases to be put in their healthing, which have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 considered and lea●…edly 〈◊〉 amongst themsel●…s.  
AS first; If a Clerk happen to be dead-drunk in his own Library, in that case, his Wi●…e may make him Cuckold without Impeachment of waste: If she can do it before he revive, and therein she may plead custom.  
Now followeth a case in the Common-Law.  
IF there be two brothers, and the elder being 
A Case in the Common-law.  seized of sixteen pence in credit▪ and shall be made dead-drunk in the Liberary, the younger may enter as the next Heir, upon the sixteen pence in demean, and presently convey it over in Fee to his Hostess: but except she please, the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in credit shall not descend, because the elder brother died not seized.  
If three Gentlemen jointly purchase three Gallons of Sack to themselves and the remainder over to their servants in fee: If the men fall drunk before their masters, without Issue: Th●… remainder reverse, or escheat to the 〈◊〉, and the suruiving purchaser (his fellows being blown up) goes away with the whole, which he may Alien to the next comer in non obs●…, the Statute of Alien●…ions.  
If a Female Covert, offer her Petticoat or Smock to Mortgage, to the Clerk of the Li-●…ary, and he taketh one or both up for the 〈◊〉 or reckoning, If her Husband come just in the Nick, the plaintiff shall abate, and the Clerk shall be forced in despite o●… his Breeches to withdraw his Action, or to let it fall, and all because it was not before entered.  
In case of Linen, it hath been adjudged, that if four brothers have but one shirt amongst them, If by consent of all ●…oure, that single shirt be condemned to the Lombard, and the purchase spent in the Library, the naked ●…ueth of the common law in that case is; that they are compellable to wear no Linen, but to go woollward for Pennqnce, till the next bountiful hedge commiserates their necessity.  
If two empty Corporals, or Low-country Soldiers lately come over, hap into a strange Library, and after the turning over the Books of the old Translations, they be called to account for their learning; If they upon some feigned case, fall to quarrel, and the ●…lerke be well and throughly beaten for his labour, they may by the force of the Common-Law, depart whilst the disputation is hot, sco●…-free, and shot-free.  
If a Bottle of Aquavitae, or Strong-Waters, descend to three Gossips, they may as partners divide the liquor by a cup, or glass of partition, but i●… the Bottle as a thing not dividable, they shall occupi●… in common, till two of them decease, and be buried in the Library; then the suruiving Gossip may carry away the Bottle whole (if she break it not by the way) and that by the way of suruivership.  
If a Clerk bring to any approved Scholar, A Book of a false Translation, that is, when it should be in Quarto, to bring him one in Octavo, or in stead of one in Duo decimo, to bring him one that is in Decimo sexto, although the student turn it over for inst●…ction sake, yet if he mislike the Volume, he may lawfully break the cover of the Book about the Clerk's head, and justify it by a decree, made at the ●…rst setting up of the Library. But of these no further; I now proceed to matter of more weight and consequence.   

CHAP. XVIII. Divers stories of such whom i●…moderate drinking hath made most ridiculous.  
TO leave all foreign, discourses, which might exemplify unto you how Wine hath debilitated the senses, and made some men derisions and laughing stocks to the world; I will now only present you with a few domestic examples, either of mine own notion, or related from others.  
A Servingman much over taken with wine, 
A drunken Servingman.  when he perceived that he could bear no more, stole out of the T●…verne by a back door, and passing through a d●…ke and narrow Lane, late in the night when the Moon shined very bright and clear, and at length coming to cross Cheapside, to go into Friday-street, he presently began to apprehend, that the shadow wherein he stood was the Shore, and the Moonshine a River (for he directly conceited it to be water) therefore he first called aloud, A Boat, a Boat, but hearing none to make him answer (for who would but imagine him to be some drunkard or madman) he next bethought himself, It might be possible for him to wade over, in which conceit he laid by his Cloak, plucked off his Boots and Stockings, and then his Breeches: when drawing up his shirt to the highest, he laid the rest of the luggage upon his shoulders, and staying himself upon his Sword, put one foot first softly into the Moonshine, andfinding the Channel firm under him, he adventred the other; and wading further, in great fear and supposed difficulty, at last got over to the Shore, and then fell devoutly to his prayers, thanking those powers who had granted unto him such an happy and safe passage. The Watch sitting close, seeing and perceiving all that was done and said, let him alone till he had wiped himself dry and put on his clothes, and then showed themselves, and told him they were Watermens and came to row him back again to the Counter, which they would have done, had not the Constable (of milder temper (and being well pleased with the jest) stayed them, and commanded one or two of them to see him safe at his lodging.  
Another Drunkard coming homeward late 
A travelling Drunkard.  over the fields, thinking to pass a bridge, slipped into the ditch where he stood knee deep in water, and not able to get out, in that posture fell fast asleep. Towards morning one passing that way heard him first muttering & grumbling to himself, at length, turning to one side, he said a-loud, Thou Whore, why dost thou no more clothes upon my feet.  
Before the old Exchange was built, the Merchants 
An old man Cupshot.  kept their meeting in Lumberstreet where dwelled a plain honest old man, called Father Garret, who having played the Goodfellow a whole night together among his Countrymen (which was not usual) and drinking a cup or two too much, it was morning before his wife and maid could get him into his warm bed, where he slept sound; and waking about noon (his eyes being gummed together, so that he could not well open them) he groped by the bed side for the Chamber-pot, and perceiving it to be full, he rose up, opened the Casement (which was toward the street) and poured it out upon some of the Merchant's heads, who after they had well shook their Hats and their Cloaks, called to him by his name, and said; Why how Father Garret? what do you mean by this? who putting his head again out at the window, made them this answer Mary it is to teach you for walking abroad so late at midnight.  
A Loader, or Miller in the Country, was such 
A swaggering Miller.  a notorious swaggerer, and so dangerous in his drink, that none of the Townsmen durst keep him company, unless he would first put off his great basket-hilt Dagger (which was a Sword's fellow, and still wore about him) and lay it by; which at their request he upon a time had done; The fashion was to wear great broad Belts of Leather, buckled about their wastes: They having drunk their dozen round, and he amongst the rest 〈◊〉 Flusterd, the motion was made to break up Company; when the rest rose, he sitting upon the bench side, and groping for his Dagger behind, he happened upon a 〈◊〉 that was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and putting the end of his Belt through the handle of it, buckled it about him in the stead of his weapon, and so walking without a Cloak through the street in the day time▪ all thd●… Boys and Girls ran laughing and hollowing after him to look behind him, For his Dagger dropped out of the Scabbard.  
It was somewhat more wittily put off by him, 
A witty drunkard.  who living in a Chamber, over heard where the watch wa●… set beneath, emptied a Chamber-Pot upon their heads▪ who calling unto him, and ask him why he had used them so slovenly 〈◊〉 demanded of them, Who they were that questioned it▪ They told him they were the Watch, why then saith he, Harm Watch, harm Catch, and so shut to his Casement.  
Another coming from 〈◊〉 at a very 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  〈◊〉 hour over the Bridge, justled against one of the Chaine-posts ov●…r against Saint Magnus' Church, who being naturally very quarrel some in his Cups, supposed that some nightwalker had given him that affront; and therefore very desperately out with his dagger, and by great fortune struck into the very hollow of the post; and perceiving it to give way, made no further question, but he had slain the party: with the sudden apprehension whereof, he leaves the weapon in the wood, presently begins to devise of some sudden shift to save his own forfeit life, he dares not go home to his house: and knows no man whom he may trust with such a secret: Therefore he presently takes boat, down hec goes that night to Gravesend, and from thence gets shipping into the Low-countrieses. The weapon the next morning was found in the post, and known, and the owner thereof missed by his wife and friends: but not to be heard off. After a twelvemonth, notice being given to his wife, where he lived, and by circumstances, being possessed of the mistake, he came over like an Ass as he went, and was a jeer to the City his whole life after.  
Certain Gentlemen using much to our Taverns, 
A sleepy 〈◊〉  some of them affecting Tables: Their custom was still when they met to play at Irish or Tictack: and whatsoever the stake was, to call in Wine, because they would not charge the house, so that the standers by might drink freely of the gamester's cost, and thus sometimes they would spend the whole night: Amongst the rest, one observed to be a shark, that would save his purse, but could never be drawn into any game, or expenses, and yet would devour more Wine than any two in the Company, and whilst the rest were either busy all playing, or looking on, he would be still tampering with the cups, till he had stolen himself drunk, and then he would fall alseepe in the room: This being noted by the rest, whilst he was taking a sound nap in a chair, they devised to put a trick upon him, and watching his waking, they suddenely put out all the lights in the room, and still pretended to hold on their game: The dice run, and the Table-men walk, the standers by, bet, some on this side, some on that, every cast was named as it was thrown, all which he heard, but saw nothing: This jest was held up so long, and carried so well, that he presently apprehended, that he was struck blind, and quite bereft the use of his eyes, and so fell into a great passion and clamour: The Gentlemen came about him, and feigned to wonder what he meant, bid him look up, and be of good cheer, he told them, he knew them by their tongues, but could not discern any one of their faces: at which they seemed to be the more amazed, and so concluded that he was miraculously deprived of his eyesight, still they called for more lights, more lights; Another answered, there were six in the Room already, and if not by them, he could ●…ever see at all▪ one offers to lead him, another began to shrive him, persuading him, that sure this judgement was fallen upon him for some great sin he had committed: Some he remembered and confessed; sure saith another, he hath been a great sparer of his Purse, a stealer of his drink, and a dissembler with his friend, none of which he deems: At length, when they had got out of him what they could, and Jeered him (as they thought) sufficiently, they suddenly caused light to be brought in, by which, finding how he was gulled, he grew so ashamed, that he who was before a burden to them, could never be seen in their company after.  
I knew a Citizen, and a substantial housekeeper, 
A Citizen  who having been drinking late, could not find his own door, and though he knew the streets, and the posts that stood at other men's gates, and how far distant his house was from them, yet still ●…e rather came short of it, or passed beyond it; at length (loath to be noted, but mere loath to lie upon the stall) he perceived a light in one of his Neighbours windows, he raps at the doors, the good man (being upon some occasion late up at that time) looked out of the window, asked who was there? and what he would have? Nothing good friend answered he) but only to entreat you to direct me where such a man dwells, (meaning himself) and show me his house; his Neighbour knowing him, replied, calling him by his name, I hope no man knoweth that, or at least should know it better than yourself: True it is ●…aith he, but not at this time; so his Neighbour perceiving in what case he was, came down, opethe door, and light him over the way, which howsoever it was secretly carried, yet made his intemperance palpable, even after midnight.  
A Maltman coming ●…ling at noon day 
A 〈◊〉 Maltman.  from a Red-lattice, wearing about his waste a leathern Belt, buckled before, with a thong hanging down, went to turn to the wall, and standing some yard from thence, 〈◊〉 his head on the one side to see who went and passed by; and putting his hand down to grope for something to show the wall, he missed of his aim and lighting upon the thong that hung down, held it out betwixt his fingers, and pissed in his breeches; The people that saw the water drop down by his knees, grew into a general laughter; by which he finding the mistake, grew sensible of the plight he was in, and so ashamed, stagge●…r'd away as fast as he could, like a drunken Coxcomb.  
A drunken Sailor having been foxed in the 
A 〈◊〉 Sailor.  Town, his ship being then in harbour, he called aloud for the Cockboat to fetch him aboard, and in the mean time laid him down upon the Bank, and there fell fast asleep▪ The Tide was then coming in (for it was young flood) and by degrees first came up and washed his feet, and then retired; the next time it came up to his knees, and then fell back, ●…o to his very neck, yet all this while he waked not; the next wave came up to his mouth, of which being somewhat sensible, he said, No more drink I pray thee, and the second time and the third, and still as it covered his face, when it was fallen off, as soon as he could recover himself, he said nothing else, but No more drink I prothee, and had not the Boat come just at the instant, there he had been drowned, and never told who hurt him.  
A company of drunkards having tossed the 
A drunkard in a W●…ll.  Cans all the night long, even till the day break, in the morning, one of them riseth from the table reeling, with a purpose to piss in the Chimney, and having let something fall upon the hearth, and stooping, thinking to take it up: when he raised himself, his head was got within the Mantletree (which he perceived not) but having made an end of that which he went to do, and being something tall of stature, he made pro●…er to come away, and first walked from one end of the Chimney to the other, then back again and felt about with his hands, but could find no way out, at which he began to bless himself and wonder where he was, and in his devotion casting up his eyes he perceived a light above (for it was then day) by which he presently apprehended, that he was fallen into a well; but seeing by the distance betwixt him and it, it was so deep that there was no possibility for him to get out without help, he began to be in despair; And as he was musing what he should do, he heard them laughing and talking in the room, which he supposed were some above that passed by the wells mouth upon business; and not willing to lose that opportunity, he called out aloud, Help, help, Ladders, Ropes, help, help, I am fallen into the Well? The rest wondering by the hollowness of his voice whence the noise should come (for the clamour ascended upward) at length by his struggling and striving perceived him to be in the Chimney, and so in the stead of pulling to draw him up, they plucked him out by the legs below, and these and such like are the ridiculous effects of drunkenness, which end with that of the Poet;  
Nam maximum Ebrietas Malorum est omnium. Mortalibus, quod laedat hos est maximum.  

The greatest evil that on earth can be,  
And most hurts mankind, is Ebriety.    

CHAP. XIX. Of some who have lived absteinious, and altogether refrained from Wine.  
IAm loath to cloy the reader with too much impertinences, I will next set before you the absteniousnesse of some Ethnics of the former Ages; To whom, if we oppose the Libertines of these our times, and this nation, it will easily appear how far those Moral men excel us in sobriety and temperance, and on the contrary, how much we Christians exceed them in vinocity and surfeit. Philarchus 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  relates that Theodorus Larissaeus was of such abstinence, that he always withdrew himself from the presence of King Antigonus, when he went to any quaffing feast. The same Author 〈◊〉, that the Iberians, though they were the 
〈◊〉.  richest and potent of all their neighbouring nations, yet they drink nothing but water, and eat but once a day; yet in their attire they were gorgeous and sumptuous. Aristotle and Theophrastus remember a man called Philinus, who never 
〈◊〉.  in his whole life time, eat, or drank any thing save Milk. Hegesauder Delphus writes that Anchimolus and Mosschus, two Philosophers 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  that read in Helis, never in their life time drank any thing but water, and eat nothing but fruits, yet they were of strong and able bodies. Matris 
〈◊〉.  an Athenian, eat little or nothing, save the fruit of the Myrtle, he never tasted of the Grape, but water only. Lamprus Musicus was most abstenious, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  commended by Pbrinicus, both for the sweetness of his voice and wisdom, he never drank but from the river or fountain. Macho the 〈◊〉 Poet remembers the like in one 
〈◊〉.  Moschiaedes. Aristotle in his book de Ebrieta, speaks of diverse, who notwithstanding they fed upon salt meats, yet were never thirsty, amongst whom were Archonides the Argine, and Mago the 
〈◊〉.  
〈◊〉.  Carthaginian who past the Deserts three several times, eating only dry meats, and never drank in all their travel. Antigonus Charistius reports 
〈◊〉 Accad.  of Poleman the Academic, that beginning from thirty years of his age, he drunk nothing but water to the hour of his death. 〈◊〉 Sceptius witnesseth of Dioeles Peparethius, to have tasted 
Diocles.  no other in the whole term of his life. Herodatus, lib. 1. speaks of a King of Persia, who 
A King of Persia.  drank only of the Ri●…er which flows near unto Susas, and whithersoever he remooved, many Wagons, drawn by Mules, and laden with silver vessels filled with that Water followed him. The second King of Egypt, surnamed Philodelphus, having contracted his daughter Berenice 
Philodelphus.  unto Antiochus King of Syria; at his infinite charges provided, that the water of Nilus should be continually conveyed unto her, because he would have her drink only from that River, for so reports Polybius. Heliodorus relates, that Antiochus the Illustrious, used to mix his Wine with 
〈◊〉.  a water drawn from a Fountain in Antioch, which Theopompus, saith Midas, King of Phrigia, caused first to be made, when he thought to surprise Sylenus, the drunken Priest of Bacchus: I●… is called Inna, and lies (as Byon saith) in the midway betwixt the Medi and the Paerniaus: Staphinus saith, that Meampodes was the first 
〈◊〉.  that used to drink Wine commixed with water. Demostenes the famous Orator, protests of himself, 
〈◊〉.  that for a long space together, he drank Water only, of whom Pytheus thus writes. Now behold, and cast your eyes upon Demosthenes and Demudes, both pleading at the bar, the continence of the one, and the intemperance of the other: The on●… tastes nothing but water, the other swills altogether Wine, Demosthenes always sober, Demudes ever drunk; the one addicted solely to his study, the other to his belly. Euphorian Calcidensis reports of Lysirtus Lasivinius, 
〈◊〉.  that he was never known to be thirsty at all, and though he seldom or never tasted any liquor: yet his urine hath been as free to him, as to any other man: At which when many wondered, yet by trial they found it to be true. Infinites I could exemplify in this kind, but I will surfeit you with nothing, for I observe with the Physicians, that a sparing diet is better than surfeit: but on the contrary, concerning those sponges that pour down their throats cup after cup, and glass after glass, as if their thirst would never be satisfied, or as if their stomaches were of the nature of fire, which the more it eats, the more it asks; let them listen to that of the Poet Antiphanes.  

He that with Wine, Wine thinks to expel,  
One ill, would with another quell:  
A Trumpet, with a Trumpet drown.  
Or with the Crier of the Town,  
Still a loud man: Noise deaf with noise▪  
Or to convert a Bawd, make choice  
Of a Pander, pride with pride, shame thus,  
Or put a Cook down by Calistratus;  
Discord, by discord, think to ease,  
Or angry men, with scoffs appease:  
So War by Battle to restrain;  
And labour, mitigate, by pain:  
Command a sudden peace between  
Two shrill scolds, in their height of spleen:  
By drink to quench drink is all one,  
As if by strife, strife to atone.    

CHAP. XX. A moderation to be observed in drinking, borrowed from Antiquity.  
EPichermus is of opinion, that all sacrifices which were first piously de●…oted to the Gods, have since, by the corruption of times, been adulterated, as merely changed into riotous Feasts, and banquets; And those which were at first sacred, made profane by voluptuous and excessive quassing, from whence ariseth wantonness, or fury, begetting blast, misery, and fetters; The Poet Pangascs dedicates the first moderate draught to the hours, and the Graces; the second to Venus and Bacchus; the third to Injury and discommodity, according to that of Euripides: Sunt praemium Lascivienti verbera: To him that wantoness in his cups, strokes are due. And Pamasis, before named, thus speaks concerning the use or abuse of Wine.  
A superis homini vinum gratissima dona Conueniunt, Illi, Cantus, Choreae simul omnes, &c,  

Wine was the grateful gift of Gods, to men,  
To which agree songs and all dan●es, when  
Their strains are chaste, and comely: and above,  
Where gifts pass free in interchange of love.  
took modestly, all sorrows it expels;  
Immoderate cups, breeds madness, and nought else.   
The Poet Eubulus, Introduceth Bacchus the God of Wine, speaking thus:  

Prudentibus viris, Ego tres misceo  
Crateras, unam, sanitatis gratia  
Primum bibant hunc, gra●● Amoris Alterum, etc.   

I Temper three cups to the wiseman: one  
To preserve health (if it be drunk alone)  
The next of love, and pleasure, both to keep  
Firm and entire: A third to provoke sleep;  
These may the grave and discreet men carouse,  
Yet each of them▪ art sober to his house:  
No more I do allow, who these exceeds  
In a fourth draught, brawls, and contention breeds;  
Clamour a fifth: A sixth to Lust invites,  
And loose incontinence: A seventh accites  
Spots in the cheek and forehead: The eight doth make  
Tumult, and confused noise, able to shake  
The strong Simposium: and the ninth cup, hath  
Power to exclude all peace, and stir up wrath  
What's beyond these, is madness: if you fill  
Great Vessels into small, you waste and spill.   
Zeno Citieus saith thus, To do justice unto all men, is Prudence; To follow what is good, and avoid what is ill, Temperance; To endure all adversity with patience, Fortitude. The counsel then that I would give to all such as are given over to vinosity, I will borrrow from Plutarch lib. de Audiend. Poetis; It is great wisdom (saith he) for a man who is subject to anger and wrath, not to be ignorant of his imperfection, but to take heed to himself, that he entertain no motive that may accite him to choler: so should the intemperate man arm himself against drunkenness. And as King Agesilaus would not suffer his cheek to be kissed by a beautiful young man, lest he should grow enamoured of his feature; And Cyrus commanded the fair Paccthea not to come into his presence, for fear of being captivated by her beauty; so he should avoid both wine and bad company, lest he be tempted by the one, or taken by the other; be advised by Solon, whose maxim was Nequid nimis, take not too much of any thing, the branches (saith Plato) which proceeds from the root Abstinence, are Modesty, Shamefastness, Continence, Temperance▪ Moderation, Honesty, Parsimony and Sobriety; when the fruits of Drunkenness, are the trembling of the joints, the stammering of the tongue, Error, Oblivion, Babbling, Dullness, Baldness, age in Youth, imbecility of Body, defect in the brain, a diseased Life, an immature death: Sallust saith, Nothing can be more abject and base, than a man to live a slave to the pleasures of the mouth and belly. It is a true saying, Much meat, much malady; Plenty of Wine, and store of ●…antonnesse. It fareth with men, saith Origen, as with vessels upon the water; put in the one too much loading, they sink; power into the other too much wine, they surfeit. It is a great fault, saith Seneca, For a man to be ignorant of the measure of his own stomach; Every man knoweth what weight his beast can bear, but not what burden himself can carry; loath he is to overlaode him, but still ready to overcharge himself; But how difficult a thing it is (saith Cato) to preach Abstinence to the Belly which hath no ears; and is still importunate, that it will brook no denial: I will conclude this Argument of Abstinence with that of Virgil, de vino & venere,  

Nec veneris, nec tu Vini capiaris amore.  
Vno namque modo, vina, venusque nocent, etc.   

Dote neither upon Women, nor on Wine,  
For to thy hurt they both alike incline;  
Venus thy strength, and Bacchus with his sweet  
And pleasant Grape, debilates thy feet:  
Blind-Love will blab what he in secret did,  
In giddy Wine there's nothing can be hid;  
Seditious wars, oft Cupid hath begun,  
Bacchus to Arms makes men in fury run;  
Venus (unjust) by horrid war tossed Troy,  
Bacchus by war the Lapyts did destroy:  
When thou with both, or either, art possessed,  
Shame, Honesty, and Fear, all sly thy breast:  
In setters Venus keep, Gyves Bacchus tied,  
Lest by their free gifts thou be'st damnisied  
Use Wine for thirst, Venus for lawful seed,  
To pass those Limits, may thy danger breed.    

CHAP. XXI. Of the most horrid effects of Drunkenness, and a Christian like admonition, to Sobriety and Temperance.  
DOsitheus lib. 3. rer. sycular. writes, That Cyanippus Siracusanus sacrificing to the gods, amongst all the rest had neglected Bacchus the god of wine; for which, boing enraged, he sent the plague of Drunkenness upon them, (as the greatest punishment he could inflict) who in the heat of his cups, meeting his daughter Cyane in a place remote and 〈◊〉, vitiated her Chastity; In which act (not knowing 〈◊〉 the ravisher was) she wrung a Ring from his singer, and after gave it to the keeping of her Nurse, as hoping by that token to find out in the future who had done her that outrage: In process, a great plague beginning in the City, and they sending to Apollo Pytheas, to know why the gods were so incensed against them; answer was returned by the Oracle, That to remove it thence and to appease the anger of the gods, an incestuous man must be sacrificed. Cyane having sound by the ring, the intent of the Oracle (which none else apprehended) and that it pointed at the father, she took him by the hair of his head and beard, and dragging him to the Altar slew him there, and presently herself fell upon 〈◊〉 same sword, and so died: Though this may to some appear fabulous, yet hath our own country afforded accidents in the like nature, as prodigious and strong. One Master Coverlee, a gentleman of quality and good descent, in the like distemper wounded his Wife and slew his own Children; whom I am the bolder to nominate, because the facinorous act hath by authority been licenced to be acted on the public Stage. And very lately in Wilt-shire, A young gentleman well borne, but riotously conditioned, ran his sword through his own mother's body, and slew her when she came with her grave and Matron like advice, to counsel and dissuade him from ryotising and lewd company.  
Nay, have not some Husband's slainc their Wives, when they have come home from swilling? and Wives cut their husband's throats, after they have been tippling? The Father hath flung his knife at the Mother, and missing her, killed the Child▪ one Brother hath slain the other in the Tavern: and one man stabbed his dear friend in the Alehouse: I need not wander far to inquire for these fearful accidents, when this very City itself affords such frequent examples▪ Wine (saith one) is the blood of the ●…arth, and the shame of those who abuse it: St. Ambrose saith, the first evil of drunkenness, is the hazard of chastity. And Saint Augustine, It is a sweet sin, a pleasant poison, and a bewitching devil.  
Of this cursed (I may say) most contagious sin (for commonly, one drunkard infecteth another) hear what the wise man, King Solomon saith, Proverb. 23. Keep not company with drunkards, nor with gluttons, for the glutton, and the drunkard shall be poor, and the sleeper shall be clothed with rags: To whom is woe? To whom is sorrow: To whom is strife: To whom is mourning? To whom is wounds without cause? And to whom is the redness of the eyes? Even to thee that tarryest long at the Wine, to them that seek mixed wine; look not then upon the Wine when it is red, and when it showeth his colour in the cup, or goeth down pleasantly; In the end thereof, it will bite like a serpent, and hurt like a Cockatrice: Thine eyes shall look upon strange Women, and thine heart shall speak lewd things, and thou shalt be as one that sleeps in the midst of the sea, and as he that sleepeth on the top of the Mast. They have stricken me (shalt thou say) but I was not sick; they have beaten me, but I knew not when I awoke, therefore will I seek it yet still, Saint Luke 21. 3, 4. Take heed to yourselves, least at any time your hearts be oppressed with furfets and drunkenness, and cares of this life, lest that day come on you at unawares, for as a snare shall it come on all them that dwell on the face of the whole earth.  
Take therefore the Counsel of Boethius the Christian Philosopher and Poet, who speaketh thus: Then necessity impells to a sober and upright life, when we apprehend and consider, that all our actions, how private soever, are visible to him that shall judge them; Neither ought we to delay the amending of our lives, or correcting of our manners, for as Saint Augustine saith: Dat penitenti veniam, fortasse non dabit peccanti penitentiam. i. He that gives pardon to the penitent sinner, will not perhaps give repentance to him that sinneth, for there is no man who drinks to day, that can presume to lift the cup to his head to morrow.  
If lavish cups be not permitted to Kings and Princes, how much less to common men: Hear what the Wiseman saith, Proverbs 31. 4. It is not for Kings (Oh Lemuel) It is not for Kings to drink Wine, nor for Princes strong drink, lest he drink, and so forget the decree, and change the judgement of all the children of Affliction. To you therefore I speak (who are altogether given over to this sin) hated of God, and abhorred of all good men,) which St. Paul in his Epistle to the Ephesians 5. 17. And be not drunk with Wine, wherein is excess, but be satisfied with the spirit.  
Let us therefore speak unto God, as if men did hear us: And live amongst men, as knowing that God seeth us, whose eyes pierce into the secrets of the prison, into the corners of the hearts, into the hiddenness of time, and the concealednesse of Eternity: For not to the offender, but to him that is offended, doth God grant pardon, saith Saint Augustine.  
johannes Episcop. tells us, What doth carnal man know more, then warily to keep his own, and watchingly to scratch from another? Or if he cannot compass it, yet at least to desire it▪ But the heavenly Physician hath to all vices, made obvious virtues, as remedies. For as in the Art of Physic, they work by contraries, ministering hot things to heal cold infirmities, and cold things to help hot diseases: So the Creator of the Heavens, the Earth, and us, hath provided cordial Medicine●… to cure contrary corrupt Maladies: To make sound the slothful man, is to be applied Labour and Industry: The Avaricious man, Bounty and Charity: The wrathful man, Gentleness and Patience: The Proud, Humility and Lowliness: The drunken man, Sobriety and Temperance. Let us then be swayed by Leo Pap. who tells us that we ought all to labour (by the Almighty's Grace and help, that he may in His own Temple, which is our bodies, find nothing that may be offensive to the eyes of so Divine a Majesty, but let the Tabernacle, and habitation of our hearts be clean swept from all vices, and furnished with Virtues, keeping them still shut and locked, against the Temptations of the devil, but always open to receive our Redeemer.  
Thus I conclude, beseeching the Almighty, that as our Nation being the most forward to commit this grievous and abominable sin of drunkenness, so it may be the first to express a true Repentance, and contrition for the same, that his heavy judgements, long threatened, and now impending, may be turned from us, which he grant for His mercy sake, and Merits of His Son our blessed Saviour.  

In Cratere meo, Thetis est conjuncta Lyaeo  
Est Dea juncta Deo, sed Dea major eo.   
FINIS.    

ERRATA.  
PAge 3. line 7. read, for infacious, infacetious. p. 4. l. 5. r. patens. p. 12. l. 8. r. Symposium. p. 22. l. 20. r. thrifty. p. 26. l. 5. r. mentitur. p. 33. l. 6. r. Poculum. p. 43. l. 1: r. nations. p. 62. l. 13. r. Ligatum. p. 75. l. 4. r. denies. p. 78. l. 17. and in the rest. r. abstemious. p. 8. l. 3. r. Demades. p. 84. l. 20. r. Panthaea p. 18. l. 5. r. lost. Divers mistakes are in the proper names, which I entreat the understauding Reader favourably to correct.