¶ Prohemye  
great thankynges laud & honour we merytoryously been bound to yield and offer unto writers of histories/ which greatly have prouffyted our mortal life/ that show unto the readers and herers by the ensamples of things passed/ what thing is to be desired/ And what is to be eschewed/ For those things which our progenytours by the taste of bitterness and experyment of great jeopardyes have enseygned/ admonested and informed us excluded fro such perils/ to know what is prouffytable to our life/ and acceptable/ and what is unprouffytable and to be refused/ He is/ and ever hath been reputed the wisest/ which by the experience of adverse fortune hath byholden and seen the noble cities/ manners/ and variant conditions of the people of many diverse regions/ For in him is presupposed the lore of wisdom and policy/ by the experyment of jeopardyes and perils which have grown of folly in diverse parties and contrayes/ yet he is more fortunate/ and may be reputed as wise/ if he give attendance without tasting of the storms of adversity that may by the reading of histories containing diverse customs conditions/ laws &/ Acts of sundry nations come unto the knowleche of and understanding of the same wisdom and policy/ In which histories so wreton in large and aourned volumes/ he sitting in his chambre or study/ may rede/ know and understand the polytyke and noble acts of all the world as of one Cyte/ And the conflyctes/ errors. Troubles/ & vexations done in the said universal world/ In such wise as he had been and seen them. in the proper places where as they were done/ For certain it is a greet beneurte unto a man that can be reform by other and strange men's hurts and scathes/ And by the same to know/ what is requysyte and prouffytable for his life/ And eschew such errors and Inconuenyties/ by which other men have been hurt and lost their felicity/ Therefore the counsels of Ancient and white haired men/ in whom old age hath engendered wisdom/ been greatly praised of younger men/ And yet histories so moche more excel them/ As the dyuturnyte or length of time Includeth moo ensamples of things and laudable acts. than thage of one man may suffice to see/ ¶ Histories aught not only to be judged most proffytable to young men/ which by the lecture/ reading & understanding make them semblable & equal to men of greater age/ and to old men/ to whom long life hath ministered experymentes of diverse things/ but also thistories able & make right private men dign & worthy to have the governance of Em●yte●● noble Royammes/ histories moeve and withdraw Emperors and kings fro vycious tyranny/ from vecordyous sloth/ unto triumph and victory in puissant bataylles/ Histories also have moved right noble knights to deserve eternal laud which followeth them for their vyctoryous merits/ And 'cause them more valiantly to entre in jeopardyes of battles for the defence and tuition of their country/ and public weal/ history also affrayeth cruel tyrants for dread of Infamy and shame infinite/ by cause of the detestable acts of such cruel personnes been oft-times planted and regystred in Cronykes unto their perpetuel obprobrye and dywlgation of their Infamy/ As thacts of new and such other/ Truly many of high and couragyous men of great empryse/ desiring their fame to be perpetuelly conserved by liberal monumentis/ which been the permanente records of every vyrtuouse and noble Act/ have builded and edefyed ryall and noble cities/ And for the conservation of the weal publycke have ministered and established discrete and prouffytable laws/ And thus the pryncipal laud/ and cause of delectable and amiable things/ in which man's felicity standeth and rests aught and may well be attributed to histories/ which word history may be described thus/ History is a perpetuel conseruatryce of thoos things/ that have be done before this present time/ and also a cotydyan witness of bienfayttes of malefaytes/ great Acts/ and tryumphal vyctoryes of all manner people. And also if the terrible feigned Fables of Poetes have moche stirred and moved men to pity/ and conserving of justice/ How moche more is to be supposed/ that History assertryce of verity/ and as mother of all philosophy/ moeving our manners to virtue/ reformeth and reconcileth ner hand all thoos men/ which through the infirmity of our mortal nature hath led the most part of their life in Ocyosyte and myspended their time passed right soon out of Remembrance/ Of which life and death is equal oblyvyon/  
The fruits of virtue been Inmortall/ specially wh●nne they been wrapped in the benefice of histories/  
then it must follow/ that it is most fair to men Mortal to suffer labours and pain/ for glory and fame Inmortalle/ Hercules when he lived suffered greet labours and perils wilfully putting himself in many terrible and ferdful ieop●rdyes to obtain of all people the benefaytes of Inmortal laud & renommee/ ¶ We rede of other noble men/ somme lords & some other of lower astates reputed as gods in diverse regions/ the whose famous acts/ and excellent virtues only history hath preserved fro perishing in eternal memory/ Other monymentes distributed in diverse changes/ enduren but for a short time or season/ But the virtue of history dyffused & spread by the universal world hath time/ which consumeth all other things as conseruatryce and kepar of her work/  
furthermore eloquence is so precious and noble/ that almost no thing can be founden more precious than it/ By Eloquence the greeks been preferred in contynu●l honour to fore the rude barbares/ Orators and learned clerks in like wise excel vnl●rn●d and brutyssh people/ sith this eloquence is such that causeth men among themself some texcelle other/ after the quality of t●e virtue and eloquence by seyn to be of value/ For some we juge to be good men dign of laud/ which show to us the way of virtue/ and other have taken another way for tenflamm● more the courages of men by fables of poesy/ than to prouffy●e And by the laws and Institutes more to punish than to teach So that of these things the utility is mixed with harm/ For some soothly techyth to lie/ But history representing the things like unto the words/ embraceth all utility & prouff●●● It showeth honest/ and maketh vices detestable/ It enhanceth noble men and depresseth wicked men and fools/ Also things that history deseryveth by experience/ moche prouffyten unto a ryghtful life/ Thenne sith history is so precious & also prouffytable/ I have delybered to write two books notable/ retening in them many noble histories/ as the lives/ miracles/ passions and death of diverse holy saints which shall be comprised by thaid and sufferance of almighty god in one of them/ which is named legenda aurea/ that is the golden legend/ And that other book is named polycronycon/ in which book been comprised briefly many wondered historyees/ first the description of the universal world/ as w●l in length as in breed with the divisions of countries royammes & empires/ the noble cities/ high mountains famous rivers/ marvels & wondres/ & also the historial acts & wondered deeds sith the first making of heaven & earth unto the beginning of the reign of king edward the fourth/ & unto the year of our lord M/ CCCClx. As by thaid of almighty god shall follow all a long/ after the composing & gathering of dan Ranulph monk of chestre first author of this book/ and afterward englisshed by one Trevisa vycarye of barkley/ which at request of one Sir thomas lord barkley translated this said book/ the bible & bartylmew de proprietatibus rerum out of latyn in to englyssh/ And now at this time simply emprynted & set in form by me William Caxton and a little embelysshed fro tholde making/ and also have added such stories as I could find fro th'end that the said Ranulph finished his book which was the year of our lord. M.CCClvij unto the year of the same MCCCClx/ which been an honderd & three year/ which work I have finysshed under the noble protection of my most dr●d natural and sovereign lord and most cristen king/ king Edward the fourth/ humbly beseeching his most noble grace to pardon me if any thing be said therynne of Ignorance/ or other wise than it aught to be· And also requyring all other to amend where as there is defaute/ Wherein he or they may deserve thank & merit/ And I shall pray for them that so do/ For I knowleche mine Ignorance and also symplenes/ And if there be thing that may please or prouffite any man/ I am glad that I have achieved it/ And following this my prohemye I shall set a table shortly touched of the most part of this book/ And where the said author hath all his work in seven books/ I have set that which I have added to a●ter a part. and have marked it the last book/ and have made chapytres according to the other work/ Of which accomplishing/ I thank almighty God To whom be given Honour/ laud/ and glory/ in secula seculorum Amen/  
¶ Deo gracias   

¶ The Table  
 bo/ ch· Abraham 2 10 Abdon duke of Israel 2 25 Abessa duke of Israel 2 24 Abbay of abendon 5 17 Abbo of floryansy/ 6 10 Abymalech duke/ 2 21 Abias' king/ 2 30 Archadenna a town 2 23 Achas king/ 2 33 Achaia a country/ 1 22 Achilles knight/ 2 24 Adam the first man 2 4 Adrian pope the iiij 7 22 Adrian emperor 4 14 Adelyng what it is 6 18 Accius' knight/ 4 33 Of his death/ 5 2 Africa/ 1 67 Affrycan historian 4 20 Item de Africa. 1 19 Agar 2 11 Agarenis/ 1 15 Agenor/ 2 15 Agamenon 2 24 Agatho Abbott 4 29 Agrimund king finding seven Children/ 5 3 Agelbert bishop 5 15/17 Ago●ond sarasyn 5 26 Aydan bishop 5 12/15 Aioth judge/ 2 17 Aylon judge/ 2 25 Albanya a province 1 17 Albany scotland/ 1 43 Albany faylled 2 35 Alban a saint 4 24 saint albons church/ 5 27 Alcimund king 5 28 Alania a province/ 1 12 Albuinus king 5 67 Albyn or Alcuyn master/ of king charles/ 5 28 Acliut the town 1 48 Acliut destroyed/ 5 22 Aldelm a saint/ 5 22 Aldrede Bishop 6 27 Albesten a stone/ 1 22 Alexander all paris 2 24 Alexander the great 3 27 Alurede king 5 30 Item of alurede 6 1 Alarik king of gothiss 4 32 Aletto king 4 19 Alexander pope 4 13 Alexander jamueo 3 38 Alchimus Impius/ 3 36 Ambrose a saint 4 29 Ambrisburgh monaster/ 6 12 Amazon the land/ 1 18 Amazones 2 21 Amon king/ 2 25 Annaeus marcius/ 2 35 Antecriste 3 3 Anastasius Emperor 5 4 Anastasius the monk 5 ●● Anlaf king of danes/ 6 ● Anselme Bishop/ 7 18.19 Angeo 1 28/13/ 14 Anglesye Ilond 1 44 saint Andrews coming in to Scoland 1 30 What right England hath in Scotlande 7/23 29 Item of the same 7 23/29/ The threfold ring 2 12 Of moyses ring/ 2 13 Antenor of troy/ 2 24 Anne the mother of marry/ 3/44 Antonye emperor 3 43/44 Antiochus magnus 3 34/ Antiochus epiphane 3 35 Antiochus Eupator 3 36 Antiochus cribus 3 37 Anacletus pope 4 12 Antomus pius emperour· 4 25 Of iij apparitions of crist 4 5 Appollinare a saint 4 10 Appostlis bodies stolen/ 4.21 Apulean a province 1 23 Apis king 2 11 A●polyn 2 16/18 Apias claudius 3 .15 Aquy●ayn or guyan 1 28 Arthur king 5 6 ●●em of Arthur 7 23 ●●ator subdeken 5 6 Arnulph king of France ●osumed with life 6 3 Arnulph bishop/ 5 21 The Arbres or trees of the son and moan/ 1 11 ●●em of the same 3 30 Arabye a country 1 13 ●rmenye a country 1 17 Arcadia a country 1 22 Aradya an Ilonde 1 30 Archa Noah 2 15 Archa testamenti 3·1/10 Ark of heaven or raynbow ·2·6 Argus king 2 12 Argonantis 2 23 Archadyens turned in to wolves 2 25 Arbaces of meed 2 35 Arte●erses longunanus 3/ 15 Art●xersesassuerus 3 18 Aristotyles philosopher 3 24 Archilaus king 4 2 Arsenius monk 4 29 A●uiragus king 4 8 Arrius an heretic. 4 27 Archadius & honorius 4 31 Assiria 1 13 Of the kings of assirie// 2 8 Assideris 4 4 Asceriscus & obello 2 3·32 Asclepio doto   Asia maior 1/67 67/11 Asia the lass 1 18 Ascanes Aeneas son/ 2 26 Asa king of jury 2 30 Astyages king of meed 3 34 Athenis 1 22 Athlant astronomer 2 12 Athila king of hunes 4 32 Athanasius persecution 4 27 Audoene king of lomb 5 6 Audoene bishop 5 19 Audomare a saint 1 25 Austyn sent to Englond 5 9 Austyn doctor 4 33 Austyns relyquyes 5 23 Augustus' cesar/ 3 43 Item of him 4 3 Aurelius emperor 4 24 Orleaunce 4 24 Aurelius alexander emperor/ 4 20 Aurelie Ambrose 5 3 Appolyn delphicus temple/ 1 22 Acliut & hagustal church ·1. 48 Adam gat Cain and his sister 2 4 Aaron deyde in oreb 2 14 Appolyn born 2 16 Apollo fond physic/ and made harp/ 2 18 Appolyn delphicus ansuerith/ 2/2 Achilles can to hector mind 2/29 Amazons women assayllen   Asie 2 28 Appolins temple spoylled· 3 18 Appolyn begyleth pyre/ 3 31 Adder with a woman in her grave 3 44 Apostles departen/ 4 .8 Appolyn hath leave of Gregory 4 23 Augustus' greater than Cesar/ 4 25 Ault that seint song on/ 4/26 Augustus hanged himself/ 4/31 Alleluya said 5 2 Amazons warn passage 5/2 Antipope laurence/ 5 4 Alholowen church at Rome 5 10 Agnus dei at mass 5 20 Arm restored by our lady/ 5 22 Abbaye of Glastenbury appeyreth 5 23 At Asshedoun Damns fyghten/ 5 23 Antipope Benet 6 8 Alsowlen day 6 15 Alms of evil getting is naught/ 6 18 Alfwold last Bishop of Shirburne/ 6 27 Antipope candulus 6 27 Antipope Clement 7 3 Abbot and monks of Glasbury striven and been atte debate 7 3 Abbay of chestre byld 7 7 Anselm striveth with the king/ 7 13 Antipopes four 7 23 Alms dyssh ordained/ 7 23 abbeys searched for money/ 3 39 accord between kings vl 1 Ancerre vl 1 Amblanullers vl 1 Adam stable mayer of london dysharged by a letter/ vl/ 4 Assemble of certain lords to destroy rebels/ vl 6 A recapitulation of the acts of king harry the fifth ul 16 affray between the bishop of wynchestre and Duck of Gloucetre/ vl 18 affray in fleetstreet vl/ 22 affray upon lombardes in London/ vl 27 Babylone 1 ●● Babel the tour/ 1 ●● Babel the tour ● ● Baleares Ilondes ● ●● Basyle the great/ ● ●● Baths of beroncye/ 3 ●● Bactria the land/ ● ●● Bavarye the Country/ 1 ●● Braband/ 1 ●● Bath the town ● ●● Bathon the town ● ●● Braas of saint george/ ●/ 8 Bladud king/ ● 30 Balthasar king 3 3 Bragmans'/ 3 ●9 Bassian king 4 18 1● Baldwin archebisshop. 4/24 19 Basyngwerk 7 22 Beda the priest/ 5 24 battle ydolo 2 9 battle of troy 2 24 battle punyk/ jo./ 3 23 battle punyk/ ij/ 3 33 battle punyk/ iij/ 3 36 battle macedon 3 34 battle of metrodat/ 3/39 39/40 battle gladiatorum/ 3/40 battle of pirates 3 40 battle social 3 38 battle civil 3 39 battle Cyvyle between/ pompee and cesar 3 41 Bellyn & brenius 3/17 17/19 Bren overcoming the Romayns/ 3 18 Benet and his rule/ 5 14 Benet's body translated/ 5/17 that this body might not be take away/ 5 25 Benedicte pope 12/ 7 44 Benedict bishop/ 5 16/17 battle of Barons attlews 7 37 battle of barons 7 37 Bertyn thabbot/ 5 15 Berengarye/ 6 27 Bernard the saint 7 19 Brendane of Irlond/ 5 6 Books & bybles 3 35 Brytayne the lass 1 28 Bretayne the more 1 29 marvels of brytayn/ 1/42 Bryghtwold resing fro death telling wondres/ 5 21 Bryghtricus king 5 27 Brystan bishop 6 6 Bithynia a land/ 1 18 Byryne bishop 5 13/15 Boneface pope/ 8/ 7 40 Boecia a province/ 1 22 Boecius & elf his wife/ 5 5 Botulph the saint 5 16 Botulphus fair 7 38 Brutus king of britons 2 27 Burgoyn a land 1 28 Busire the tyrant/ 2 17 Bounds meres & house have no cities 1 17 bridling of horse 1 22 Brenning hill ethna 1 30 Bryddies grown out of trees/ 1 32 Blacks twain in one eye/ 2/1 Books wreton and lettr●●  24 Bounds & meres ordained/ 2/5 Bole cometh out of Nile/ 2/12 Bithynia build 2 16 Birds springen water 2/25 Bruyt grenesheld/ 2 30 building of the temple 3 5 Brass yoten in to a braasen bull/ 3 5 Boasting of men and of Shippis 3 14 Byllyngesgate/ 3 19 Berde brent with a coal/ 3 21 Both mote come said the woman/ 3 22 Bones set to fore the child 3 34 bridge of ships 3 37 Byers blamen chaffer/ 3 38 Brother sleeth brother 3 38 battle civil against julius cesar/ 3 41/ Bryddes speak 4 3 Book of love 4 4/ Brytons demand Crystendome 4 16 Brytons and Romans striven/ 4 18 Bodies of the Apostles stolen 4 21 Bones of Andrew and luke 4 26 Bible translated in to latyn 4 29 Brytons of little brytayne 4 30 Buryenge under water/ 4 32 Brytons axe help of Romans 4 32 battle great 4 33 Barnabees body founden/ 5/3 Boyees maken books/ 5 5 Brytons chased 5 6 Brytons lesen cities and Towns/ 5 8 Blazing stars twain 4 24 bridge upon Rone broken 5 28 Balled charles and his brethren 5 29 Banner of our lady smock 6/1 bishops seven ordained 6/4 bond wench made lady 6/11 Birds fyghten 7 14 Birds bear brenning coals in their bills 7 3/ Black monks gathered at oxenford 7 34 Batayle of evesham 7 37 Blakamour the king nigh taken 7 42 Bishop of excetre byheded 7.43 battle in the see 7 44 Berwyk taken and delyu●rd 7 44 Brygytte had many revelations/ vl 1 Basyll fell down vl/ 1 battle of nazers in spain vl 2 Bertram Claykyn taken vl 2 Bastard of spain slew the king of spayn ul 2 Busshel of wheat worth xl pens vl 2 Bishop spencer gate towns in Flaundres ul 5 Blank charters/ vl 8 Bussh/ bagot & green ul 8 bridge of Rochester made vl 10 battle of Agyncourt/ vl 13 battle of vernayl in Perch/ vl 17 Bishop of wynchestre made cardynal ul 18 Bernadyn canonysed/ vl 23 Blue beard vl 25 battle of saint albons vl 27 battle of Septegrade against the turkies vl 28 Bloreheth a scarmuche/ ul·29 Canutus king 6 17/18 18/20 Capitoylof Rome 3 9 Caldea a land 1 13 Canaan a land/ 1 15 Cancasus a hill 1 17 Capadoce a land 1 18 Cartage a cyte 1 20/26 26/29 Cartage destroyed 1 36 Cartage reedyfyed 3 37 Campania a land 1 23 Caerlyl a Cyte 1 48 Clarygation 1 25 Cantredo what it is/ 1 44/32 Cassis or ships of Rome 1/25 Caryatharbe 2 4 10 Cain a cursed 2 5 Cadinus 2 25 Carmentis a nymph 2 22 captivity of x tribus 2/23 23/34 captivity of jewys/ 2 26 Cambyses king 3 8 Canullus furius/ 3 19 Catilina conspiring 3 40 Cassibelanus king 3 40 Crassus' precedent 3 4 Caton three 3 41 Claudius' cezar 4 8 Caransius tyrant 4 19 Cass●odore· 4 33 Item Cassiodore 5 6 Cas●el of Coryge 5 1 Cacanus kyng· 5 11 Charterous ordre 7 4 Cadwallo or cedwalla 5/19 19/20 Cedmon syngar 5 19 Clement the saint 4 9 Translation of his body·s 4/27 Clement the fourth pope/ 7 37 Clement the fifth 7 41 Chestre the Cyte 1 48 Chestre again 6 4 Cedar a land 1 15 Centauris 1 22 Cetura alias agar 2 11 Creta an Ilond 1 30 Croesus a king 3 5 Cleopatra queen. 3 41 Cletus pope 4 9 Celestinus pope 4 32 Cerdicus duke 5 6 Cesara baptized 5 15 Chedde bishop a saint. 5/17 17/18 Ced brother of chad 5 15 Ceruelyensis a cenobye/ 5 22 chimera 2 18 circumcision 2 10 Cyclades Ilondes·s 1 30 Cypress an Ilond 1 30 cities of englond 1 47 Circe's a sorceress 2 25 Cirus king 3/3 3/4·5 Cirus dead 3 7 Cinegirus of Athenes 3 13 Cithero tullius 3 38/43 Ciprianus 4 22 Coreiss or dances 6 18 Chore gigantum 5 4 Chorus 5 4 Closseus 1 24 Cordeylla 2 31 Counseyl of lugdnum 7 37 Columpnys· 2 25 Corsica an ylond 1 30 Codrus king of athene/ 2 28 Consuls of Rome 3 30 Coyllus king of brytons/ 4/12 Coelus father of helen 4 20 Colrede king of merces/ 5/22 Corminus marcus 3 22 Conanus armoricus 4 30 Clodonen s converted 5 3 Columba abbot 5 4 Columbanus abbot 5 9 Colfryde abbot 5 22 Colwolf king 5 24 Constant father of constantyn/ 4 24 Constantinus magnus 4 26 Constancius his sone 4 27 Constantinus tercins/ 5/15 15/17 Constantynopl● 1 22 Cunedagius king 2 31 Cubyte double/ 2 5 Clunyacence abbey 6 4 Cumbremere 7 17 Cunebert 5 19 Cuthbert a saint 5 19 Of the same· 6 2 Of the body of cuthbert 7 13 Cross of cryst taken and brought again 5 11 Of the part of the cross sent over see 6 26 Of the sign of the Cross appearing 7 25 Children sold at Rome/ 1 39 chief parties of brytayne three 1 34 Chestre men manners 1 48 conceiving of children 2 1 Changing of shappes 2 2 Calf of golnd bleteth 2 30 Cyte won by curtosye 3 19 Caspy hills closed 3 28 Child's wit assayed 3 34 Consuls and senators slain 3 39 Cesar first Emperor 3 41 Cryst conceived and born 4/1 Cryste say forty hours in earth 4 1 Child among doctors 2 2 cities cesaryes bilded 4 3 Cryste precheth and doth myracles·s 4 5 Crystes passion & death 4 6 Crystes name wreten 4 13 church of Rome hath possessions 4 20 Crysme hallowed 4 20 Cesar augustus. and Emperors diverse 4 22 Clotheses of gold 4 24 cardinals xv/ 4 25 Cryst nailed with four nails 4 26 Cross in clotheses and in bowellies 4 20 Eredo in unum deum made 4 30 Child with two bodies/ 4 31 Culuer bringeth crisme/ 5/3 Children seven founden/ 5 3 Clerks and lewdmen departed 5 6 Children to sell at Rome/ 5/6 Cryst help for fnesing/ 5/9 Child with four feet 5 9 Cups hanged by wellx 5 12 Cuthberd deed in france/ 5/20 Charles in hell 5 23 Charlemon shorn monk 5 25 Charles and his deeds 5/26 Clynt in cowbache/ 5 29 Cuthberd comforted Alurede 6 2 Charles children faylle/ 6 6 Childres master sleeth the sewer 6 6 Cloud wondered in Englond 6 13 Chesers of the Emperor 6 13 Conqueror born/ Robert goth to Iherusalem/ 6 19 Clerk and menchon/ 6 12 Conqueror crowned 7 1 Caerlyl a Cyte 1 48 Clarygation 1 25 Cantredo what it is/ 1/44 44/32 Cassis or ships of Rome 1/25 Caryatharbe 2 4 10 Cain a cursed 2 5 Cadinus 2 15 Carmentis a nymph 2 22 captivity of x tribus 2/23 23/34 captivity of jewys/ 2 26 Cambyses king 3 8 Canullus furius/ 3 19 Catilina conspiring 3 40 Cassi●elanus king 3 40 Crassus' precedent 3 4 Caton three 3 41 Claudius' cezar 4 8 Caransius tyrant 4 19 Cass●odore· 4 33 Item Cassiodore 5 6 Cas●el of Coryge 5 1 Cacanus kyng· 5 11 Charterous ordre 7 4 Cadwallo or cedwalla 5/19 19/20 Cedmon syngar 5 19 Clement the saint 4 9 Translation of his body·s 4/27 Clement the fourth pope/ 7 37 Clement the fifth 7 41 Chestre the Cyte 1 48 Chestre again 6 4 Cedar a land 1 15 Centauris 1 22 Cetura alias agar 2 11 Creta an Ilond 1 30 Cresu s a king 3 5 Cleopatra queen. 3 41 Cletus pope 4 9 Celestinus pope 4 32 Cerdicus duke 5 6 Cesara baptized 5 15 Chedde bishop a saint. 5/17 17/18 Ced brother of chad 5 15 Ceruelyensis a cenobye/ 5 22 chimera 2 18 circumcision 2 10 Cyclades Ilondes·s 1 30 Cypress an Ilond 1 30 Cities of englond 1 47 Circe's a sorceress 2 25 Cirus king 3/3 3/4·5 Cirus dead 3 7 Cinegirus of Athenes 3 13 Cithero tullius 3 38/43 Ciprianus 4 22 Coreiss or dances 6 18 Chore gigantum 5 4 Chorus 5 4 Closseus 1 24 Cordeylla 2 31 Counseyl of lugdnum 7 37 Columpnys· 2 25 Corsica an ylond 1 30 Codrus king of athene/ 2 28 Consuls of Rome 3 30 Coyllus king of brytons/ 4 72 Coelus father of helen 4 20 Colrede king of merces/ 5/22 Corminus marcus 3 22 Conanus armoricus 4 30 Clodonen s converted 5 3 Columba abbot 5 4 Columbanus abbot 5 9 Colfryde abbot 5 22 Colwolf king 5 24 Constant father of constantyn/ 4 24 Constantinus magnus 4 26 Constancius his sone 4 27 Constantinus tercius/ 5/15 15/17 Constantynople 1 22 Cunedagius king 2 31 Cubyte double/ 2 5 Clunyacence abbey 6 4 Cumbremere 7 17 Cunebert 5 19 Cuthbert a saint 5 19 Of the same· 6 2 Of the body of cuthbert 7 13 Cross of cryst taken and brought again 5 11 Of the part of the cross sent over see 6 26 Of the sign of the Cross appearing 7 25 Children sold at Rome/ 1 39 chief parties of brytayne three 1 34 Chestre men manners 1 48 conceiving of children 2 1 Changing of shappes 2 2 Calf of gold bleteth 2 30 Cyte won by curtosye 3 19 Caspy hills closed 3 28 Child's wit assayed 3 34 Consuls and senators slain 3 39 Cesar first Emperor 3 41 Cryst conceived and born 4/1 Cryste say forty hours in earth 4 1 Child among doctors 2 2 cities cesaryes bilded 4 3 Cryste precheth and doth myracles·s 4 5 Crystes passion & death 4 6 Crystes name wreten 4 13 church of Rome hath possessions 4 20 Crysme hallowed 4 20 Cesar augustus· and emperors diverse 4 22 Clotheses of gold 4 24 cardinals xv/ 4 25 Cryst nailed with four nails 4 26 Cross in clotheses and in bowellies 4 20 Eredo in unum deum made 4 30 Child with two bodies/ 4 31 Culuer bringeth crisme/ 5/3 Children seven founden/ 5 3 Clerks and lewdmen departed 5 6 Children to sell at Rome/ 5/6 Cryst help for fnesing/ 5/9 Child with four feet 5 9 Cups hanged by wellx 5 12 Cuthberd deed in france/ 5/20 Charles in hell 5 23 Charlemon shorn monk 5 25 Charles and his deeds 5/26 Clynt in cowbache/ 5 29 Cuthberd comforted Alurede 6 2 Charles children faylle/ 6 6 Childres master sleeth the sewer 6 6 Cloud wondered in Englond 6 13 Chesers of the Emperor 6 13 Conqueror born/ Robert goth to Iherusalem/ 6 19 Clerk and menchon/ 6 12 Conqueror crowned 7 1 Conspyracy cometh out 7 3 church of lyncolne byld. 7 7 Croos set in the stone 7 8 church doors stopped/ 7 9 cardinals taken with sophyms/ 7 13 Cyte removed with earth shaking 7 15 Camels taylle in stead of bridle 7 16 Cardynal taken with a strompette 7 16 Cristen men dyen at acon/ 7/20 Countess fleeth out of window/ 7 21 Cross in the moan 7 22 Child done on the Cross at gloucetre 7 22 Catel deled in three at last end 7 22 Cathedral churches in wales 7 24 Counseyl in France against king rychard 7 27 Castel of Rouchestre taken 7 33 Cardynal in the bell house of oseney/ 7 35 Carmes changen their copes 7 38 Corn and Wyn been dear 7 39 Clerks put out of protection/ 7 40 Calays besyeged 7 44 Chalkhyll a great host. vl 3 Courts withdrawn fro london to york vl 7 Courses of war in Smythfeld vl 7 counsel at Constance/ vl 13 Conclusion to make war in France vl 13 Cane won vl 14 Charles king of France is deed vl 17 counsel of Aras vl 19 Calays besyeged by the duke of burgoyne vl 20 Calays rescowed by the duke of gloucetre vl 20 Chalons died Arms in France vl 25 Capitayne of kente jackkade vl 26 Constantynople lost ul 27 Children went to saint mychels mount vl 28 Columpne took a rich ship with prisoners ul 32 Coronation of king Edward the fourth ul 33 Dalmacia a land/ 1 22 Denmark a land/ 1 18 David king 2 29 Danaus & egistus 2 14 Danyel the prophet 2 36 Item of danyel 3 23 Darius son of astrages/ 3/34 Darius son of ytapsis/ 3 10 Darius overcome/ 3 13 Damarachus/ 3 14 Darius son of arsanij/ 3 27 Damasus pope 4 29 david a saint/ 7 10 david king of Scots/ 7 18 Danes coming 5 27 battle of danes/ 6/1 1/2 2/3 3/4 4/5 Danes taught Englyssh men to drink/ 6 9 Delos an ylond 1 29 Deucalyon king 1 22 Dee river of chestre 1 42 Dedalus a subtle man/ 2 20 Delbora a prophetess/ 2 19 Consuls in her place ten men/ 3 15 Democritus philosopher/ 3 18 Demostenes orator 3 22 Dmetrius sother 3 36 Demetrius son of Demetree/ 3 36 Decius cesar 4 21· 22 Dymes were given in the beginning 2 10 How god is known 3 12 Of Cybele and boncincia/ 3/33 Of the goddies of the people 2 9 Of the day naturel 4 1 Dyonyse the little 5 5 Didimus alexandrinus/ 4/24 Dyoclosian cesar 4 5 Dindymus king of Bragmans'/ 3 19 Dyonyse the tyrant 3 21 Dyogenes a philosopher/ 3 30 Dyomedes' temple 2 25 Decius Cesar 4 21/22 Dyomedes dyspayring/ 2 ·25 Dyonyse alias liber pater/ 2 17 Of the same 2 19 Days of the egypciens/ 2 14 diluvy of no●/ 2 6 diluvy of achaye 2 11 diluvy of deucalyon/ 2 13 Dydo queen 1 20 Domician cesar 4 12 Seven slepars 4 22/33 Dorchestre a town 5 13 Dunstan a saint 6 10/12 Of the miracles of saint dunstan 6 13 Dunwallo moliuncio king of Brytons 3 15 Item of other slepers 1 20 Danes brought great drinking in to englond 1 31 Double body in one man 2 2 Denys bachus is liber pater 2 16 Daughter rideth over her father 3 1 drink ynowgh of man's blood 3 7 Dyonydes the see thief/ 3 27 deeds of Alysander/ 3 20 Dredeful wondres 3 29 Dekenes seven 4 ●0 Donatus the grammarians/ 4/27 Dragon slain with spyttle 4 31 devil in likeness of moyses 4 33 Drop of a nose is a man's death/ 5 21 Dragon in charles grave 5 23 devils and angels striven 5 31 Danes eten horse 6 3 Deed pope thrown in to Tybre/ 6 3 Dredeful prophecy 6 13 devil held by the nose/ 6 13 Danes in all the havens of englond 6 13 Duke Robert's mamnhode/ and his courtosye/ 6 19 Death of godewyn 6 25 Duke william arayeth for the conquest/ 6 26 Death of king william 7 4 Dunstan connseylleth Lanfrank 7 6 devil speaketh with men 7 11 Drowning of gentlemen/ 7/16 Death of king henry 7 17 Dyscryving of enemies/ 7 18 Death of lords in englond 7 22 Dunstaple/ Cryst seen on the Cross/ 7 24 Duke of Osteryche banner is down/ 7 27 Death of king richard/ 7 31 Death of king john 7 33 Decretals and books made 7 34 Dearth and hunger in Englond 7 36 david le bruys taken/ 7 44 Deposition of king Richard vl 8 Death of king Richard ul 9 Duke of Orleaunce challenged king harry vl 18 Duke of Orleaunce murdered at parys vl 11 Duke of holond came in to Englond/ vl 14 Duke of Bedford fought on the see// ul 14 Duck of gloncetre married the Duchess of Holond ul 17 Deep taken ul 19 Eboracus alias york. 1 40 Ebrancus king 2 29 Ebdomades lxx 3 3/16 Edmond king 6 7 Edmundus martyr/ 6 16 Of the same 5 32 Edmond bishop 7 34/35 Edwulf his brother/ 5 32 Edward the older/ 6 4 Edward martyr/ 6 12 Edward confessor. 6 28/29 Edward pus after Conquest 7 38 Edward second 7 41/44 Edward third 7 44 Edmond yrensyde 6 17/18 Edmond of dwelyn/ 6/ 18 Edgar king 6 19. 10·11 Edwyus perversus/ 6 8 Edrede king 6 8 Edgar adelyng 7 1.4 Of the same Edgar/ 6 17/18 Edricus prodytor 6 17/18 Edbaldus king of Canterbury 5 11 15 Edwin king 5 11/12 Edburga a saint/ 6 4 Edytha a saint 6 4 Egbert a monk 5 16.20 Egipte a province/ 1 16 Egression of Egypt 2 14 Egelnothus that brought Saint Austyns Arm/ 6 18 Egesyppus historian 4 16 Egwyn Bishop a saint 5 23 Egfryde king of northumberlond·/ 5 18/19 Egbert of york that recovered the pall 5 25 Egbert king 5 28 Egidius abbot 5 28 Egelrede king 6 13 Elladia a land 1 22 Ellesponte 2 17 Elyssa alias dydo 2 26 Elydurus king 3 31 Elfricus consumed with lyse 6 16 Elphegus bishop of wynchestre 6 6 Elphegus of Caunterbury/ 6 16 Elfrytha 6 12 Emeryta mylicia 1 15 Empedocles Philosopher 3 15 Emilius paulus 3 35 Emma 6 15.23 Enos 2 4 Enoch 2 4 Aeneas' knight 2 24/26 Aeneas silvius 2 28 Ennins poeta 3 33/35 Eolus god of wind 1 30 Eola an ylonde 1 30 Episcopatus Anglie and wallie 1 25 Epyphanye/ 4 5 E●ctonius/ 5 15 Eroobertus' king of Cantuare 5 15 Erkenwald bishop 5 18 Ermenylda queen 5 18 Esdras scribe 3 15 Estsaxons 5 15 Etheldreda a saint 5 16/18 Ethiopia a land 1 19 Ethyopyssa Moses wyf 2 13 Ethelbert king 5 6 Ethelbert king merciorum 4 18/19 19/21 Ethelnulphus or Athulphus 5 29 Ethelyngeseye/ 6 2 Ethelstan king/ 6 6 Eages seven of the world/ 1 4 Etas sexta seculi 4 1 Europa a Royamme/ 1 7/12 Europa a woman 2 15 evander king 2 26 Euylmerodac king/ 3 2 Eufrates divided 3 3 Euariscus pope 4 13·14 Eugenya a virgin 4 17 Eustachius Abbot/ 7 23 Endoxia empress gate the gives of saint Peter/ 4 33 Espies xij/ 2 14 Ezechias king 2 34 Ezechyel prophet 36 2 Earth is deled in three 1 6 Erynge with plough 1 30 Englysshmen called/ 1 35 Epirus is tracia 2 8 Ering and measure of wheat 2 12 Emperor pleteth atte bar 4 3 Emperors sons and daughters 4 3 Enemy of mankind 4 17 eleven thousand virgins 4 20 Empire departed 4 25 Empire forsake 4 25 Emperor beareth Earth 4 26 Emperor made against his will/ 4 28 Earth shaking 4 29 Eest saxons receive faith 5·5 earl accursed 5 15 eating of flesh/ 5 29 Edward's daughters spin/ 6 4 Englysshmen slay Danes 6 5 Eight kings rowen the boat 6 10 England deled on four 6 18 Earl of normandy cometh in to Englond 6 24 Englond won by Conquest 6 29 Englyssh men bond in Scotland 7 1 Englond destroyed 7 4 Earth shaking at shrewsbury/ 7 14 Earth quave during forty days 7 15 Emperor goth privily aweye/ 7 16 Eagle painted with four heeds 7 21 Emperors crown smeton of his heed 7 26 Englond enterdyted 7 33 Edmund of abendon 7 34 Earl of arondele taken 7 34 Edward prince born at wodestoke 7 44 Erldome of Cornewayl y made a ducherye 7 44 Earl of Cambrydge went in to portyngale vl 6 Earl of march proclaimed heir apparent/ vl 6 Earl of Arondel judged to death/ vl 8 Exyling of the duke of herford and duke of norfolk/ vl 8 Earl of derby made king/ vl 9 Ewayn of glyndor of walies vl 10 Emperor of Constantinople came in to englond vl 10 Earl of morryf instead against th'earl of kent vl 10 Edmond holond earl of kent wedded the duke's sister of melan vl 10 Earl of Cambrydge and lord scrope byheded vl 13 Earl of salysbury slain at Orl●aunce vl 18 Elyanor▪ Cobham vl 22 Edward earl of march made king vl 33 Franconia 1 26 France/ 1 27 Frensshe kings/ 1 27 Flaundres a land/ 1 28 Item of Flaundres 6 2 Flemynges 1 60 Flemynges came in to Englond 7 14 Face of a man 2 1 Pharaoh king 2 13 Faunus' king 2 21 Fables founden 2 18 Fable of pheton 2 13 Fable of wolves 3 22 Fabricius duke 3 31 Fames or hunger 4 8 Faustina tempted 4 15 Fabian pope 4 20 Fedus or bargain 2 15 Fenicia or fenices 1 15/20 Frederyk the first/ 7 29 Frederyk 2. 7 32 Fryxus and else 2 17 Fredeswyde a saint 5 24 Frigia a land 1 18 Fryse a land 1 26 Fynosomye of man 2 1 Fontayn of jobyn/ 1 15 Fontayne by Acon/ 1 15 Fontaynes of affryk 1 19 Fontayne of Trace/ 1 22 Fontayns of thessalye 1 22 Fontaynes of boecye 1 22 Fontaynes of ytalye 1 23 Fontayne of lass Brytayne/ 1 27 Fontayns of Sardine 1/ 29 Fontayns of Scicil● 1 30 Fontayns of Irlond 1 24 Fontayn boylling blood/ 7 9 Fossa of king offa 1 43 Foroneus king 2 11 Fossa of Severus king/ 4 18 Fortunatus poeta 5 7 Focas emperor 5 10 Formosus pope/ 6 3 Furseus and his vision 5 13 Furnus Camillus 3 17/19 fishes fight 7 17 Fosse and other high ways 1 45 Fables founden in Grece 2 18 fellows trysty and true/ 3 21 F/ and/ R/ three 5 24 Fontstone defouled/ 6 13 Falsehood of danes/ 6 13 Frensshe men and n●emans fyghten/ 6 23 Forbeding of wives to clerks/ 7 3 Flemyngys' dwell in England 7 13 Flower meddled with lime/ 7 19 Frensshe men take Constantinople 7 23 France is beginneth the order of Frere Mynours 7 34 Frere mynours come in to Englond 7 34 Freres and Armacan strive 7 44 Four & twenty ladies lad xxiv▪ knights to just/ vl/ 6 Fraunchyse of london lost ul/ 7 firmigny an enil journey ul 27 Field at brenkheth/ vl 27 Gallia and galyardes Ilondes 1 27 Gactely· 1 32 Gagates a stone 1 41 Gallacia a land 1 18 Galline or hens changing their kind/ 2 1 Gayus Cesar 4 7 Galba Cesar 4 4 Galyeen 4 15 Gracianus funorius Gracian emperor/ 4 30 Glastenbury and his relyquyes 5 23 Gladius athelstani/ 6 6 Glaston abbot 7 3 Germanye and his nature 1 26 Item of germanye 5 1 Getulia a land/ 1 19 Grecia a province/ 1 22 Getro Socrus moysy 2 13 Gemini 2 17 Gedeon duke 2 20 Guendolena 2 27 Geryon geaunt 2 18 George a saint 4 25 Gregorius nazausenus 4 28 Gregorius magnus/ 5 9 His heed sent to france 5/33 Gregorius the sixth 6 22 Gregorius the ninth 7 34 Gregorius the tenth and his counseylle 7 37 Germayn coming in to englond/ 5 12 Germayn bishop of parys 5/7 Gengulfus and his wyf farting 5 25 Gerebertus matematicus/ 6·14 Guerra baronum 7 37 Guerra lewelini 7 38 Guerra madoci/ 7 39 Gignosophystis 1 11 Geantes 2 5 Gisericus and kings of the wandales in affryca/ 4 33 Gisericus king 2 5 Gilomaurus king 4 33 Ginderius king of britons 4/8 Grimbaldus a saint 6 1 Giraldus bishop of york 7/12 Gothia a province 1 17 Gloucetre a town 1 47 Gorgones a strumpet 2 18 Item of gloncetre 4 8 Goths slain in tuscye/ 4 32 Gloria in excelsis deo 5 4 Godwyn th'earl 6 24/25 Grimald king of longobardes 5 16 Guthlacus confessor 5 21 Girmund king 1 33 Gurguncius bartruk 3 21 Guntrumius king saying wonder in his sleep 5 9 Guttrun king of danes/ 6 2 Gold is in offir 1 11 Goddess mynerua 2 11 Grece bath corn & seed/  12 God Neptunus is wroth 1 22 Gorgon the strompette slain 2 17 Goddesses which of them is the fairest/ 2 14 Gog and magog beyond caspy hills 2 34 great gathering of men and ships 3 14 garden of liking 3 18 Go not out of the circle 3/35 Gleman proffereth yefts 4 3 Glasyer byheded/ 4 4 Gloucetre caerclon 4 8 gnats/ & flies in ears/ 4/27 Grisly wondres/ 4 28 Gloria patri 4 29 Grayel and offretory 4 32 Groaning of brytons 4 33 great moreyn of men of Brytayne/ 5 1 Grisly wondres and sekenesses 5 7 Galping and other sekenesses 5 9 Gregory is deed 5 10 God have mercy on souls 5 12 Greeks forsake latyns/ 5/28 Gryffyn king of wales/ 6/23 Gyglo●es serve monks at meet/ 7 11 Gregory maketh a great counseylle/ 7 37 Ganeston forswereth englond 7 40 great strength goth in to France 7 44 Galeys brent gravysend vl 5 great master of rhodes/ ul/ 5 great fishes taken in tense ul 28 Hagustaldensis church/ 1/ 48 Hanibals victory 3 33 Hanybals death 3 34 Harald har●fote/ 6 20 Harald earl 6 25.27 Item of the same/ 6/28 28/29 Heber and his language. 2 6 Hebron/ 2 46 Hardekuute king 6 2● Hercules 2 14/17 Hercules pilers/ 1 30 Hector of Troye·/ 2 24 Hely priest 2 27 Herodes ascolonita 3 43 Herodes threfold/ 4 2 Helen queen 4 8 Helyseus the prophet/ 2 30 Helen mother of Constantyn/ 4 26 Helenes body translated/ 5 31 Herodes agryppa/ 4 8 Heresy of manyche 4 24 Heresys arriana/ 4 25 Heresys acephalorum/ 5 2 Heretyks of prescillies and maced 4 33 Hengistus & horseus/ 5/1 1/2 2/9 Heraclius emperor/ 5 11/13 Heroclonas' his son/ 5 15 Henry two emperor/ ● 21 Henry third emperor/ 6/2● Henry. iiij· emperor 7 10/14 Of the same henry/ 7 23/24 Henry the first after conquest/ 7 5/12 12/17 Henry the second king 7/21 21/22 Of the same harry 7 23 Henry the third 7 34 Hibena a land/ 1 17 Hyrcania a land 1 7 Hippia a tyrant 3 1● Hircanus industry 3 34 Hillary of pyctavensis/ 4 27 Hiltebrand pope 7 3 Hilda abbess 5 19 Herman bishop 6 26 Hereberte bishop 7 9 Herlewyn abbot 6 23 Hermofridus 2 1 Honorius augustus 4 34 Homerus 2 26 Men monstrous 1 11 Item of the same/ 2 2 Item of monstrous 6 10 Of the mutation of men in to beestes 1 35 Of the same 2 2 Of the misery of man/ 2 3 Of man of his property 2 1 Humbre the river 1 46 Hunericus the king 5 3 Hugh capet the kings brother 6 15 Hugo de sancto vyctore/ 7/19 Hugo novant bishop of Chestre 7 25 saint huge of lyncoln/ 7 32 Hills of caspye/ 1 9 Half yer night in tile 1 13 Hen becometh a cok 2 1 Hool bones in stead of rib and teeth 2 1 Harping smyting and weving founden 1 5 Hond writeth on a wall/ 3 3 Heyfur eweth a lamb/ 4 10 Hogs mouth was pope 5/31 Harp in kings hon 6 6 Hare heart for child's heart 6/18 hundred pound offrid 6 19 Holy land won 7 7 Hunger tribute and death in Englond 7 ● Heaven brenneth/ and a well welleth blood/ 7 9 Holy church made free 7 12 Heed of brass speaketh 7 29 Hogas the king londeth/ 7/44 Heresy of admytarum byganne vl 7 Henry bolyngbroke earl of derby landed in the north/ ul/ 8 Harflete besyeged and won vl 31 Harry the sixth was born vl 15 Hunfray duke of gloucetre died/ vl 24 Hunfray stafford and wylliam stafford slain vl 26 jacob the patriarch/ 2 11 jamus the lass/ 3 44 jamus the more/ 4 6/9 jayr duke of Israel/ 2 22 jason knight 2 23 Idols and idolatry 2 9 Idra the serpent/ 2 18 jerusalem the cyte 1 14 jerusalem subverted 4 4  taken of persis 5 10 Persecution of Ierlm 7 7/8 Of the same 7 19/24 jeroboas king 2 30 jehu king 2 30 jeremye prophet 2 25 Of his death & prophecy/ 3 1 Ihus son of sirac 3 35 jeconias' king 2 36 jeroms lawdes/ 3 35 jeroms death 4 33 Ignius pope/ 4 14 Ignacius bishop 4 13 Imperij translacio/ 5 28 De Imperij officialibus/ 6 13 De modo coronandi 7 26 Imperatorem   Imperatryx matyld 7 13 judea & his meruelies 1 11 Ilondes of the great see/ 1 30 Ilondes fortunate 1 31 Ilonde meroe 1 40 Insula vecta/ 1 44 Ilond Anglesye 1 44 Isle of man 1 44 Ilond of thenet 1 44 Inachus Isyde & Io 2 11 Item de Isyde & Io 2 14 Insula vulcani/ 3 34 Interpretes of Scripture/ 3 32 Innocentes 4 2 Ingrynaria pesties 5 9 Iuo king 5 20/24 Innocent thyrdde pope 7 31 Innocent fourth 7 36 Interdiction of englond/ 7 / 33 joachym king 3 2 joachym abbot 7 22 joseph sold 2 11 josue duke 2 14 jupiter the great. 2 15 jovithꝰ son of Noah 2 6 joseph's sepulture 2 10 josias king of juda/ 2 35 josephus exactor 3 34 jonathus machab 3 36 johannes hircanus 3 37 johan baptist conceyved· 3·44 johans' death 4 5 joninian emperor 4 28 johes elemosinarius 5 10 johan damascene 5 22 john of Beverley 5 23 johan scot at malmesbury 5 31 john pope that was a woman 5 32 johes de temporibus 7 18 johan king of englond 7 32.33 hippocras medycus 3 16 Ishmael 2 10 Islond an ylond 1 13 Isaac patriarch 2 11 Isidorus Ispalensis/ 5 15 Isaye prophet 2 35 Indya a land 1 14 jubylee the year 2 10 julo son of aeneas 2 26 julius cesar/ 3 40/42 Julius corrected the calendar 3 14 juge flayn 3 8 judas machabeus 3 35/36 julianus bishop/ 4 11 juliamn apostata/ 4 28 justinus tholder 5 5 justinus second/ 5 7 justinianus primus 5 6 justinianus sus 5 20/21 21/22 Iuo a saint/ 5 9 Item of the same 6 25 Images moved by craft/ 2 12 jupiter changed to a bull/ 2/15 johan the evangelist born/ 4 ● Jesus' cometh out of egypte 4 2 johan precheth and cristneth 4 5 judas scaryoth 4 6 johan & girald sent in to Englond 7 24 jews have sorrow in Englond 7 25 jew in a gonge 7 36 jews driven away 7 38 johan bayllol ariseth against edward 7 40 johan with the Cat at Oxenford 7 42 Irlond yeven to the first Edward 7 36 johan king of France deyde at Savoy/ vl 2 Jack straw vl 5 johan of Gaunt duke of lancastre went to Spain ul 7 james styward king of scots married vl 17 johan with the leaden sword vl 17 jane ways took the king of Arragon vl 19 kalends 1 25 Calendar correct/ 3 14 Karolus marcellus 5 23 Karolus magnus 5 26 Kenwalcus king 5 15 Kenulphus king 5 28 Kenelm king 5 29 Kymbelyn king 3 44 Kynrycus king 5 6 Kynegylsus king 5 11 King latyn 2 22 Kings fail in athene/ 2/28 Knights three against three/ 2 25 King without eyen 3 9 King of Englond yeveth yrlond 3 21 KING/ put to lettres of latyn 3 43 King of cornewayl 4 30 Kissing at mass 4 31 King and Bishop precheth 5 12 King monk is slain 5 13 Kings daughter spynneth 5 26 Kingdom of Englond is gods own 6 18 King edward lawheth at mass/ 6 23 King of Scottys doth homage to king of englond/ 7/2 2/23 King william taketh tribute 7 3 King of jerusalem come in to England/ 7 43 King of France taken 7/44 Kateryn of Senys ul 2 King Richard born at Bourdeux vl 2 King edward the third deyde vl 4 King of Ermony came in to England vl 6 King rychard made two dukes/ five earls/ and one marquys/ vl 6 King rychard married queen Isabel vl 8 King rychard went in to Irlond vl 8 King harry the fourth deyde vl 12 King harry the fifth crowned vl 13 King rychard the second taken fro langley and buried again at westmynstre ul 13 King harry fifth wedded queen katheryn vl 15 Item he was made herytyer of France and Regent vl 15 King harry u. is deed ul 15 King harry made knygth vl 18 King harry crowned at london and at parys ul 18 King of Scots murdered ul 21 King harry wedded queen margarete ul 23 King harry taken at saint Albon's ul 32 〈◊〉 ●arry deposed ul 33 Lamissio king of longobardes 5 3 Lacedomonia a land/ 1 22 Lameth with his wives/  21 Laborintus dedali 2 20 Latyn king/ 2 21 Latyn tongue four fold/ 2 22 Lavyna aeneas wyf 2 26 Lazarus 4 8 Laurence a saint 4 23 Laurence bishop scourged 5 11 Lanfricus archebisshop/ 7 1.2.6 Leycetre 1 27 Legyon a town 1 48 Laws of Englond 1 50 Leyr king 2 30 Laws of lygurge 2 31 Laws of Solomon 3 16 auctors of laws 3 16 Leonyda of Athenes 3 14 Leon the pope 4 33 Leon pope the fourth 5 28 Lestyngay 5 15 Leofricus earl 6 20 Leon Emperor 5 2 Letanyes ordained 5 3 Leodegarius a saint 5 17 Lyncoln a town 5 47 Lygurge of lacedomone/ 2 31 Libya aprovynce 1 19 Liler patea/ 2 14 Lettreses of grue 2 16 Lisimachus slaying a lion/ 3/38 Liberus a pope 4 27 London/ 1 47 Longobardes 1 23 Locustis a multitude 1. 37·7/15 Longobardys come in to Italye 5 7 Loath 2 10 Locryne king of britons/ 2/27 Longnius a knight 4 9 Louis the meek 7 19 Lucretia the chaste 3 6 Lucius papirius/ 3 25 Lucretius poeta/ 3 38 Lucanus poet 4 9 Lud king of bryton/ 3 40 Lucius king of briton/ 4 16 Lucius comodus Emperor/ 4 17 The kingdom of Lygdys failed 3 5 Lamps light with fire that came fro heaven 1 14 languages and tongues in Brytayne/ 1 59 Lamb speaketh/ 2 31 Leche bytraid his lord 3 31 Ludgate/ 3 40 Lente ordained tofore Easter 4 14 Laudamus te/ benedicimus te/ 4 29 Lente held in kent/ 5 15 Last king of britons 5 20 Lore for lords/ 6 1 Luyses eat elfryk/ 6 12 London brent/ 6 13 London yeveth pledges/ 6/ 16 Long man pallas 6 21 L●ye my body at church doors/ 6 22 Lords gathered at gloucetre/ 6 24 Louis king of France/ 7 19 Lords take the cross to the holy land 7 24 Lordship of Tartars/ 7 32 Londoners accursed. 7 37 Lewelyn striveth and is deed 7 38 Lady saint mary quoth the king 7 44 Leonel made duke of Clarence vl 1 Lywyth the maid ul 19 London bridge fill/ vl 20 Macedonia a land/ 1 22 Mauritana a land 1 20 Maddan king of brytons 2 28 Manasses king 2 25 Marcus cursius 3 22 Marcia queen/ 3 25 Marcus regulus/ 3 32 Mathathyas and his sons 3 35 Marius' consul 3 38/39 Marius' king of britons. 4/9 Maria mother of crist 3 44 Of the same/ 4 8 Maryes smok 6 1 Marcus evangelist 4 8 Marcus Antonius/ 4 16 Marcus aurelius/ 4 19 Marcellinus pope 4 25 Martin a saint 4 26/29 Miracles of Martin/ 6 3 Macharijs twain/ 4 29 Maximus a tyrant 4 30 Marcianus Emperor 5 1 Machomet and his law/ 5·14 Mauryce emperor 5 9 Marcianus a Scott/ 6 14 Of the same/ 7 2 Malcolyn king of Scots. 7/7 Maude his daughter 7 16 Maude thempress/ 7 18 Magyke illusions/ 7 29 Myraclys fantastic 7 25 Media a land/ 7 13 Mesopotania a land/ 2 21/23 Mero a town 2 13 Melchisedech 2 10 Mercurius 2 14/18 Mempricius king/ 2 29 Medecyn founden 3 16 Men of mercia be baptized 5 10 Medhampstede 5 18 Minotaurus/ 2 20 Midas rich king 2 28 Mitridiate/ 3 39/40 Mychel revelation 5 4 Moruidus cruel/ 3 31 Moses and his death 2 14 Monastery of benet/ 5 9 Modwenna a saint. 5 30 Mount synay/ 1 13 Mount libane/ 1 13 Mount Zion 1 14 Mount olyuete 1 14 Mount of Calvary 1 14 Mount of Cancase 1 17 Mount ararath 1 17 Mount Athlant 1 20 Mount Olympe/ 1 22 Mons pernasus 1 22 Mount Ethna 1 30 Item of Ethna 3 37 Mountains of caspe 3 28 Musyk founden 3 11 Marius' victory 1 48 Mare whelpeth a Fox 2 2 Making of man 2 4 Mametry first by nynus/ 2 9 Man bicometh an horse/ 2 25 Mametes fallen/ 3 1 Marcia yeveth laws 3 25 Maryes 3 44 Maria with elizabeth/ and maumetes fall/ 4 1 Man like themperour 4 3 Mary roasteth her child/ 4 10 Mass said eestward/ 5 6 Mares can kyke 5 6 Manslaughter by danes/ 5/4 Manual made 6 1 Malmesbury given 6 8 Maidens shorn as clerks 6 24 Men slain with myse/ 7 3 Met and mesur of thearth/ 1.5 Men clothed like women/ 1/33 Men wonderly shapen/ 2 2 Medea goth fro her husband 2 21 Men bicome birds 2 25 Men bycome wolves 2 25 Mynstral bycometh an ass 2 25 Mesures and weights founden 2 31 Metebord of gold/ 2 33 Months of the year 2 34 Money/ 2 34 Moliuncius king 3 15 Morayn at Rome/ 3 22 Mother sleeth her five sons 3 34 Messalina the strumpet 4 8 Monk made emperor/ 4 26 Men sold as beestes 4 32 Mychel in the mount gargan 5 4 Merlin the prophet/ 5 4 Mermyns seen/ 5 9 Monks have leave to preach/ 5 10 Mynstrals put out of contrary 6 21 Melan destroyed/ 7 20 Men eten their children/ 7/ 35 Men deyen for hete 7 38 Many Scots slain 7 44 Nabugodonosor 2 36 his body yeven to vulturis 3 2 Nabugodonosors dream/ 3 1 Nabuzardan 2 36 Nartisus bishop 4 18 Narsus patricius 5 7 Nemproth a giant 2 6 Nepthololmus/ 2 24 Neemia reedyfyed/ 3 16 Nectanabus exiled/ 3 27 Nero Cesar/ 4 12 Nilus a river 1 10.16 Nynus a king/ 2 9 Nychanorre 3 36 Nycholas a deacon/ 4 6 Nycholas a saint/ 4 27 Translation of him/ 7 5 Nycena synod 4 26 Noah/ 2 5 normandy/ 1 28 Norweye a land 1 31 Notyngham a town 1 47 Names Imposed 2 7 Novaria a strompette 1 25 Numidia/ 1 20 Numa pompilius/ 2 34 Nails four of crist 4 26 None yrysshman shall abide antecrist 5 4 Nolles twain in one child 5 9 No man spareth ne woman 5 12 Nose and tongue kytte of/ 5 15 Nail of Cryst/ 5 26 Normans and danes in France 6 3 Northumberlond 6 7 Normans t●chyth twice/ 6/21 Navey gathered against Norganes 6 23 Norgan kepyth the bridge 6 28 Normandy laid to wed. 7 9 None loveth other of henry's sons 7 21 New earl of an old bishop 7 25 Not thing might quench the fuyre/ 7 26 Northern wind breaketh house and trees 7 34 Nory fyghtyth for his lady/ 6 21 Nycholas of tower a Ship/ vl 25 Ocean the see 1 9 Ocillus ludus 2 20 Otho king of Perses/ 3 22 Octavianus augustus 3 43 octavius king 4 30 Odo archebisshop 6 10 Odo bayocensis 7 5 Offir an ylond 1 11 Offa king of mercia 5 25 Olympyades 2 32 Oliver monk of Malmesbury 6 28 Measure of the world 1 15 Oreb a lytil hill 2 14 Orygenes doctor 4 18 Orosius priest/ 4 22 Ordre of Chartrehous/ 7 4 Ordrer of Cystews/ 7 10 Ordre of premostranence/ 7/ 16 Orde of templars 7 16 Ordre of prechours 7 33 Oswald king 5 12/15 Translation of his bones/ 6 4 Oswald bishop a saint/ 6/ 10 Oswius king/ 5 15/16 Oswynus king 5 15 Osmunde bishop 7 3 Othonyell duke 2 16 Otho Cesar/ 4 10 Otho Emperor 6 6 Otho myrabylys 6 13 Otho legatus 7 35 Ouidyus poeta 4 4 Octobonus legatus 7 37 Owayn and his purgatory/ 7 20 Oxenford scoles 6 1 One man lowhe in his birth day 2 1 Olyfawtes clawed in the forhede/ 3 31 Olyfaunt throw/ 3 34 Orcades ylondes won/ 4 8 Obley ordained little 4 13 Oil for seek men 4 31 office of the mass/ 4 32 Offedyche 5 25 Oliver and Rowlond deed 5 26 Obedience asked and warned 7 1 Ordynal y made/ 7 3 One with Crystes wounds/ 7 34 Occasion of the Baron's war 7 36 Oost lieth at stafford/ 7 37 Ordre of Templars dampened 7 40 One will win Irlond 7 41 ordinance of Hebru/ grue/ and latyn/ 7 42 Oldcastel knight lord Cobham brent/ vl 14 Owayn that wedded queen katheryn vl 21 Oyer determine at london. vl 27 Osmunde a saint canonysed vl 28 Paradyse 1 10 floods of paradyse 1 10 Palestyna a land/ 1 15 Parthya & parthies/ 1 11 Pamphilia/ 1 18 Pannonia a land 1 21 Pallantes and pallas 2 11 Palumbus a priest/ 6 26 Pallas a giant 6 21 Plaghies of egypt/ 2 14 Plato the philosopher 3 23 Pharyseys and her sects/ 4 4 Paschal time 4 15/7 Paschalis pope 7 10 Patryk of Irlond/ 4 29 Patryks twain/ 5 4 purgatory of patrick/ 1 35 Palladium/ 4 32 Panlinus volanus 5 2 Paulinus archebisshop 5/11.12 Paul deken of Rome/ 5 28 Paul primus Heremyta 4 23 Paul thappostle/ 4 6 Paulus church in london 5 10 Peter apostle 4 6/3 Perseus' king 2 17 Pegasus/ 2 17 Pelops 2 17 Perdycus dedalus nephew/ 2 20 Pelias king/ 2 23 Pentasibea/ 2 24 Persius' poet/ 4 9 Pelagyus heretic 4 31 Prescianus grammarians/ 5 6 Plegmundus Archebisshop 6 34 Petrus comestor 7 22 Petrus de ponte fracto/ 7 33 Peter ganaston/ 7 41 Permendes a philosopher/ 3.15 Pygmeys little men 1 11 Philystea●a land 1 15 Pycardye 1 28 Pyctes/ 1 58 Priam king 2 24 Pisistraces of Athene/ 3 3 Pypyn king 5 20 Pirrus king/ 3 31 Pilates beginning/ 4 4 Pilates death 4 7 Philip apostle// 4 8 Plinius secundus 4 13 Philip emperor/ 4 21 Pyctagoras philosopher/ 3 / 11 Philosophrys 3 12 Poetes 4 9 Polemius converted/ 3 23 Promotheus astrologus/ 2 12 Proserpina/ 2 17 Porrus king of Indes 3 28 Pompeius magnus 3/34 34/40 Prodygyes in ytalye 3 39 Porcia Catons' daughter/ 3 43 Polcarpus a saint 4 15 Putyfar 2 11 Prayers found by enos 2 4 prophecy of the battle of Troye· 2 24 pope outlawed/ 5 6 Processions on sunday/ 5 6 Peter betyth the Bishop 5 11 Peter's pens 5 24 Pope a lewd man 5 25 Popes three at debate 6 10 priests wives forbade 7 13 Peers of pontfret/ 7 33 Pope set on a wild horse/ 7 40 Peers of ganeston 7 41 Pluralyte dampened 7 42 Plente of all thing sauf of money 7 44 Phelyp king of France breaketh bridges 7 44 Peter pens forboden/ vl 2 Prince Edward deyde. vl/ 4 Petrus de luna and scysme vl 5 prior of kylmayn/ vl 23 Parliament at leycetre. vl 25 Prentyses of london withstood the mayer/ vl 27 Quynchelinus king of westsaxons/ 5 11 Question of shippmen/ 3 23 Quyk thing may not sink in the see/ 1 14 Queen of women writeth to alysaunder the king/ 1 18 Queens of women 2 21 Queen of Saba cometh to Solomon 2 29 Qui pridie and water in chalys 4 13 Queen purgyth the king/ 5 15 Queen purgyth herself 6 23 Queen and her son outlawed/ 7 42 Question of caerneruan 7/44 Queen Anne married/ ul 5 Queen Isabel sent hoome in to France ul 9 Queen Katheryn is deed ul 20 Queen jane deyde/ ul 20 Rivers of paradyse/ 1 10 Rome y buyld 1 24 Rivers of englonde 1 40 Rain and Raynbowe 2 6 rings diverse 2 12 Rede see openeth 2 14 Ruthudybras/ 2 30 Remus and romulus 2 31 Rome y byld 2 33 Remus lepyth over the wall 2 33 Romayns named latyns/ 2/3 Romans besyeg●d/ 3 13 Rome taken 3 17 Renon pekketh a man's eyen 3 22 Romayns deceived in battle 3 25 Romans slay galls/ 3 33 Road painted by miracle 4/26 rule of monks made/ 4/29 Rome taken/ 4 32 Rome a sword draw 5 9 Rain and serpents at Rome/ 5 9 Rynging to the hours/ 5 10 Rome bitrayed 5 30 river deled a three 6 3 Requiescant in pace 6 ● Richard without dread/ 6 7 Rode spekyth out of the wall/ 6 12 Robert yaf yefts 6 19 Road hath the crown 6 20 Ring on the image finger 6 26 Robert Courthose 7 3 Robert short botes 7 12 Rising against the king/ 7/13 Rivers and wells drenyn in France/ 7 17 Rome enterdyted/ 7 22 Rosamund and her bower/ 7 22 Richard king helpyth the earl/ 7 26 Rese prince of Wales 7 31 Rycharde emperor 7 36 Robert grosthede 7 36 Rain and hard weder 7 40 Robert bruys/ 7 40 Rain and. moreyn of men 7 44 Robaws doctor 5 30 Ranulphus Bishop of Dwelyn/ 7 8 Randolph Bishop of Caunterbury/ 7 15 Remygius 5 3/4 Remygius lyncoln 7 7 Roboas king/ 2 30 Rhodes ylonde/ 2 29 Rowen heugesties daughter/ 5 1 Rollo duke of normandy 6/1 1/2 Robert king of France 6/15 Robert duke of normandy 6/19 Robertus bishop of Herford 7 2 Robert bishop of Chestre/ 7/4 Robert Conthecse 7 3/5 5/12 Rycold baptized 5 24 Rycharde duke of Normandy 6 7 Richard first king of englond/ 7 25/27 Rychardes' death 7 31 Robert knollies made knight ul/ 1 Rain like blood/ ul 1 Richard made prince of wales ul 4 Robert haul slain in westmynstre church/ ul 5 Rouen besyeged and taken ul 14 Richard which priest brent ul 21 Rogger bolyngbroke Nygromancer ul 22 Robert of Cane took Shippis ul 25 Raynold pecok abjured/ ul/ 28 Set of myddel earth/ 1 8 See of Ocean/ 1 9 Swolowes of the see 1 9 Seven men sleep/ 1 26 Spataria in spayn 1 29 Son goth not down/ 1 31 Scotlond called Irlond/ 1/ 37 Shires of englond 1 49 slaying with sight 2 1 Seven children atones/ 2 1 Spreding of men in to diverse lands/ 2 7 Swooning of words/ 2 7 Ship painted with a dragon/ 2 12 Saturn fleeth jupyter/ 2 15 Slaughter of uj. C/ 2 17 Seventy brethren slain/ 2/21 Sybelles ten 2 23 Samson Ruleth Israel/ 2 26 Salon made laws/ 2 28 Solomon reigned and builded the temple 2 29 Sardanapalus 2 31 Siracusana 2 34 Son goth back 2 34 Sybyle the wise 2 34 Salon yeveth new laws/ 2 36 spirits legyle men 3 5 Stryf at Rome 3 10 Socrates three 3 18 Socrates wives/ 3 18 Senators supposed gods 3 19 Staff by dyogenes 3 20 Sword above a man's heed/ 3 21 Strompette in a philosophres bed/ 3 23 Stone like alysaundre/ 3 30 Serpents in stones 3 34 Sheld of gold sent to Rome 3 37 six civil batails 3 39 Sybile prophesieth 4 3 Sects three among jews 4 4 Salutem et apostolicam 4/9 Simon magus/ 4 9 Simon leprosus/ 4 11 saint marrow the round 4 12 Sanctus at mass 4 13 Seven slepers/ 4 22 See of Rome is void 4 25 Story tripertyte is wreton 4 26 Stryf for to le pope 4 27 See passeth the clives 4 28 Son astynteth/ 4 29 Sulpicius will not speak 4/31 Slepers awake 4 33 Saxons come in brytayne/ 5 1 stinking prysonne 5 3 Stonhenge brought out of Irlond 5 4 Seek men eveled 5 5 Stations at Rome 5 9 Sarasyns slain 5 23 Son is derk 5 28 son against the father/ 5/ 30 Stryf for martyns' body/ 6/3 Senators of englond/ 6 12 See changeth to derham/ 6 14 Sancti spiritus assit nobis gracia 6 15 See obeyeth not the king 6 20 Syward armeth him to die 6 25 Slepers torn 'em 6 28 Shepster sleeth the Bishop 7 2 Stars fall and fight 7 8 See of Tedford chaungith 7 9 Secular clerks at Caunterbury/ 7 24 Sowdan and king Richard taken triews 7 28 Sarasyns do maystries 7 33 Statutes against mort main 7 28 Syxty thousand Scots slain/ 7 40 Spencer/ Mortemer and barkley 7 42 Stryf between kings of englond and of france/ 7/ 44 Siege of b●rwyck 7 44 Samaria a land 1 15 Samaria & samaryt●/ 2 34 Saxonia a province/ 1 26 Sclavia a province 1 21 Sardyn an ylond 1 30 Shrewsbury Turrian town/ 1 47 Sevarn a river 1 46 Samuel a prophet/ 2 27 Saul king 2 28 Saluste historian 3 34 S●lande/ 1 26 S●●rris cometis 5 19/24 Sergius pope/ 5 31 Steven king 7 18 Steven of caunterbury/ 7/33.34 Syria a province 1 13 Sydonia a land 2 10 Sychem or sichynnia 1 15 Scycilia 1 18/19 Scylla and Carybdis 1 29 Syrenes or mermaid 2 18 Siringa cadmus wyf/ 2 18 Scipio Cornelius 3 33 Scipio Affrycan/ 3 34 Scipio nasica/ 3 34 Scipio minor/ 3 37 Simon machabeus. 3 37 Simon mountfort 7 37 Sylla Consul 3 39 Syxtus pope 4 13 Silvester pope 4 26 Symachus pope 5 4 Synod of nycene 4 26 Synod of Constantinople 4 30 Synod of Constant 5 18/27 Synod of ephesym 4 33 Synod of calced 4 33 Stygandus Archebisshop 7/1 Symonyaks 7 3 Sophocleses/ 3 14 So●ne y derked 5 28 Sortylegye at barkley/ 6/ 25 Susis a Cyte 3 17 Susak king of egypt/ 2 30 Sua a king 6 15·16 Syxty perlys valued at x M motons vl 1 scholar slept seven year. ul/ 2 Seneschal of henaud died arms/ vl 11 Sigismunde emperor choose vl 11 Sygismund emperor came in to englond vl 14 Sygismunde emperor deyde/ ul 21 Sire fraunceys aragonoys ul 25 Spruys lost by division ul/ 27 Sandwyche dispoylled by Frensshmen/ vl 28 Tracia a land. 1 22 Tha●yse a river 1 46 Troy hath name of Tros/ 1 18 Trees of the son and moon 1 11 Tabour in battle 1 12 Tethynges yeven 2 10 Trump yfound 2 11 Temples yfound 2 11 Tokenes raised 2 15 Tyrus builded/ 2 20 Totres made 2 20 Troy betrayed 2 24 Troy taken 2 25 Temple of Solomon 2 25 Tree of the cross/ 2 29 Tales of the wise man/ 2 33 Ten lygnages taken 2 34 Temple of peace in Rome 2 35 Tokenes in Joachim'S body 2 36 transmigration/ 2 36 Torments 3 6 Trybunes at Rome/ 3 13 Trees of son and moan spoke to alysaunder/ 3 30 Translation of holy writ/ 3 32 Temple Cleopoleos/ 3 35 Tullyus' tongue kytte of/ 3 34 Twellyfth day/ 4 5 Titus and vaspasianus/ 4/10 Titus full of promysses 4 11 Traianus the best Emperor/ 4 13 Towelles of the auter 4 13 Thoycanata 4 26 Theofle doth homage to the fiend 5 6 treasure under the Cross/ 5 8 Twellyf honderd monks 5 10 Traianus delyverauce/ 5 22 Tiber encresyth 5 23 Translation and making of books 6 1 Two emperors/ 6 5 Tribute of wolves/ 6 9 Temple covered with beads/ 6 10 Traitors byheded 6 11 Towns destroyed. 6 13 Traitor edryk 6 15 Tribute releced in englonde/ 6 24 treasure sought in abbeys/ 7 3 treasure yfound/ 6 26 Tribute in englonde/ 7 1 Trees of wulstan 7 8 Towns drowned 7 11 Tokenes in Englond 7 14 Templars and her ordre/ 7 16 Thomas of Caunterbury. 7 22 Tryewes between kings 7 32 Toads bycome hounds and asses 7 32 Towns take and besyeged/ 7 33 Tethynges take to the pope 7 34 taxing of churches 7 38 Trailbaston 7 40 Thomas of lancastre 7 42 Town of london and Castel of Brystowe 7 43 Tempest of weder beside paris & tretees of accord/ 7.44 Tarquinus priscus/ 2 25 Tarquinus superbus 3 6 Thalestries queen 3 27 There father of abraham/ 2 4 Taurus eneus/ 3 5 Tartars 7 25/32 Transformates 2 25 Thessalia/ 1 22 Theseus duke 2 20 Theatre of Rome. 3 34 Tiberius Cesar 4 4 Tiberius Constantinus 5/8 Tripoli a land 1 19 Tyle an ylond 1 31 Titus livius 3 40 Titus' emperor 4 11 Thotylas king/ 5 6 Thobias 2 34 Tholomeus xj diverse 3/31 31/32 32/33 33/34 34/35 35/37 37/38 38/40/ Tholomeus matematicus 4/ 15 Trogus pompeus/ 4 15 Thomas earl of lancastre/ 7/14 Thurstyn bishop of york 7 15/18 Thurstyn abbot of glastenbury 7 3 Turgesius' king of Irlond 1 33 Thuryngya a land 1 26 Tubal came 2 5 tour of babel 2 6 Turnus' knight 2 16 Tullius hostilius/ 2 35 Three parties of earth 1 6/7 Three strong/ which is strengest 3 10 Three masses on Crystemasse night 4 14 Thorney is westmynstre/ 5/ 11 Thief came to slay the king 5 12 Three fuyres in thayer/ 5 13 Three year fasting 5 30 Three kings yield hem/ 6 5 Three drops of our lady milk 6 12 Thou hast spoused me 6 26 Three causes why william challenged englond/ 6 29 Three vysyons of the king 7 17 Three kings brought to Coleyn 7 22 Three abbeys byld 7 23 Thundering and lightening/ 7 23 Three sons against king henry 7 22 Three shellynges of a plough l●nd 7 32 Thunder and grim weder 7 32 Thou shalt end the verse/ 7/33 The thyrdde king henry crowned/ 7 34 thieves brenne merchants 7 38 The syxthe book and the seventh of decretals. 7/40 The thyrdde edward crowned 7 44 Things been dear 7 44 Two kings met at Calays vl 1 Two eagles fought in thayer vl 2 The duke of Suffolk arrested ul 25 The duke of Suffolk byheded vl 25 The duke of Somersete slain vl 27 The earl of warwick assaylled at westmestre vl 29 The duck forsook the field and went to irlond ul 29 The earls of march warwyck and Salysbury went to Calays/ ul 29 The duke of Somersete went to guisnes vl 30 The duke of york slain at wakefelde/ vl 32 The lord bonevyl and Sire Thomas kryel byheded/ vl 32 Towton field by york vl/ 33 Varro marcus. 3 37 Valerianus emperor/ 4 23 Valentynyanus tholder/ 4.29 Valentinianus the younger 5 2 Vecta an ylond 1 44 venom of Alysaundre/ 3 30 Vaspasianus emperor 4/10 Vysyons of danyel/ 3/1 1/2 2/3 Vyrgyl maronen 3 44 Vitellus Cesar 4 10 Vitalianus pope/ 5 16 Vlyxes knight/ 2 25 Vortigerus king. 4 33 Item of him 5 1 Vortimerius his son/ 5 1 Vterpendragon/ 5 4 Volumes and books/ 3 35 venom might not slay metrydas 3 39 venom y shadde in holy church 4 61 Vow revoked/ 5 7 university at oxenford/ 6 1 Vessel of quichinus 6 6 Wondres of Ind 1 14 well is none in Iherusalem 3 10 well that changeth Colour four scythes a year/ 1 15 well that changeth/ metal in to glass ● 15 With whips churls been chased 1 17 women bond 1 18 well that maketh clear voys 1 19 well cold by night and hot by day/ 1 19 women put out of counseylle 1 22 Welles of mind and of forgetting 1 22 well that cureth eyeen 1 23 well that drieth in/ winter 1 23 Wumles be lombardes/ 1 23 Wyf shall not be forsake though she be barren. 1 25 well that springeth against men clothed in rede 1 10 well that maketh barren & another go with child 1 30 well that torneth tree in to stone 1 31 women bycome hares/  34 Wondres of Irlond 2 35 Wales and the manners of it 1 38 Wondres of brytayne 1 42 women sell/ wind 1 44 Wondres of blue men/ 1 19 women bycome men 2 1 Wretches in egypt 2 14 Weather beareth fryxius and elles 2 17 women with men in battle/ 2 19 Wytches brought to doom 2 5 wives between sh●ltrons 2 33 Will you be bore again/ 3 4 Woryers beguiled 3 7 Wench buried quick/ 3 13 Writing under wax/ 3 14 Ways have freedom 3 15 Wolves accord with shepherd's 3 22 wives wooed for love 3 25 Wench sleeth herself 3 33 Wondres of julius death 3 42 Wondres in Crystes birth 4/2 Woman yeveth good counseylle 4 3 Wondres that fill/ 4 6 Wench that tumbled 4 7 Wyf wash in blood 4 15 Woman made abbott 4 17 Wall of turfs in brytayne 4 18 Wall made in brytayne/ 4 32 Wicked wrench of a woman 5 7 Wonder meeting of a sweven 5 9 Woman pight on a pole 5 11 Woman's neither. end singeth/ 5 25 Wench cheseth the kings son 5 27 Woman with two bodies 6/19 Wight destroyed with danes 6 15 Wytche at barkley 6 25 When I go to church of child 7 4 Whyrlewind beteth down houses 7 7 Walsshe men war 7 8 Westmynstre hall/ 7 9 Walsshmen in cheschyre/ 7 19 Women slytte 7 18 William with the long beard/ 7 30 Wards granted to king henry/ 7 34 Wolle and fell arestid 7 39 William waleys deed at london 7 40 Wynchelse brent 7 44 Walys and his rites 1 38 Wa●lyngstrete/ 1 45 Wandalys persecution/ 4 33 Wandragesylus' abbot/ 5 16 Walter bishop of herford/ 7/2 Walter bishop of dwell/ 7/11 Westfalya a land/ 1 26 Werwel a monaster/ 6 12 Westmynstre 5 11 wereburga a saint 5 18 Translation of her to Chestre 6/1 1/5 5/18 Whitlandia an ylonde 1 31 Wynchestre a cyte/ 1 47 Wine bishop/ 1 47 Whitby an abbey 5 16 Wylfrida a saint/ 6 9 Whitburgh a saint 5 28 Wylfryde bishop 5 17.18 I●em of the same 5 19/20 William louga spata 6 5.7 William Conqueror 6 19 Item of his Conquest/ 6 29 Item of him and of his death 7 1/4 William Rous his son/ 7 5/8 8/9 Item of the same 7 11/14 William king henry's son drowned 7 16 William bishop of ely/ 7/25 25/27 William aluernensis 7 34 Wulferus king of mercia 5 16/18 Wulstan a saint 7 8 Whyte Company ul 1 Wakefeld an evil journey vl 32 Xerses king of perces/ 3/ 14 Xenocrates philosopher/ 3 23 Xpuns conception 4 1 Xpuns nativity 4 1 Xpuns age and werkies/ 4 5 Xpuns passion 4 ● Zorastes fyndar of wytchecraft 2 9 Zorobabel the duke 3 5 Zorobabel solatyels son 3 10 Zeno the emperor/ 5 3 York builded 2 29 Years diversly accounted 4/ ● Yate closed against the king 5 11 Yef●es yeven to the danes ● 1● York y brente 7 1 yefts made of wales/ 7 28   

sith the time that the great and high tower of babilone was builded ●en have spoken with diverse tongues/ In such wise that diverse men be strange 〈◊〉 other and understand not others speech/ Speech is not known but if it be learned common learning of speech is by hering· & so always he that is deef is always dumb for he may not here speech for to/ learn/ So men of far countries and lands that have diverse speeches/ yef neither of hem have learned others language/ neither of hem wot what other meaneth/ though they meet and have great need of information and of loor of talking and of speech be the need never so great neither of hem understandeth others speech no more than/ gaglinge of geese For jangle that one never so fast that other is never the wiser though he shrew him in stead of good morow· ¶ This is a great meschyef. that followeth now mankind/ But god of his mercy and grace hath ordained double remedy/ One is that some man learneth and knoweth many diverse speeches/ ¶ And so between strange men of the which neither understandeth others speche· ¶ Such a man may be mean an● tell either what other will mene· That ot●er remedy is that one language is learned. used. and known in many nations and lands. And so latyn is learned known and used specially on this half grece in all the nations and lands of Europe/ Therefore clerks of her godnes and curtosye make and written their books in latyn· For her writing and books should be understand in diverse nations and lands ¶ And so Ranulphus monk of C●estre written in latyn his books. of Cronykes that descryveth the world about in length and in bre●de/ And maketh mention and mind of doings and deeds of meruaylles & of wondres·s and reckoneth the years to his last days/ fro the first making of heaven and of earth And so therinne is great and noble Information and loore to hem that can therinne rede and understand ¶ Therefore I would have these books of Cronykes/ translated out of Latyn in to Englysshe for the moo men should 'em understand and have thereof cunning Information and loore The Clerk These books of Cronykes been written in latyn/ And latyn is used and understanden on this half grece in all the nations and lands of Europa ¶ And comynly Englysshe. is not so wide understand used ne known And thenglysshe translation should noman understand but Englyssh men alone/ Thenne how should the moo men understand the Cronykes though they were translated out ●f latyn that is so/ wide used and known/ in to Englysshe that is not 〈◊〉 & known but of englyssh men alone The lord ¶ This question and doubt is easy to assaylle ¶ For if these cronykes were translated out of latyn in to Englyssh/ then by that so many the moo men should understand hem/ as understand Englysshe and no latyn The clerk You cunne speak rede and understand latyn. then it needeth not to have such an englyssh translation The lord. ¶ I deny this argument For though I can speak rede and understand latyn· there is moche latyn in these books of Cronykes that I can not understand/ neither thou without studyeng advisement and looking of other books. Also though it were not needful for me/ it is needful for other men that understand no latyn The clerk Men that understand no latyn may learn and understand ¶ The lord ¶ Not all For some may not for other manner business/ Somme for eld Somme for defaute of wit Somme for defaute of cattles other of friends to find 'em to school/ And some for other diverse defaults and lets ¶ The Clerk Hit needeth not that all such know the Cronykes/ ¶ The lord ¶ Speke not to straightly of thing that needeth For straightly to speak of thing that needeth/ only thing that is and may not faylle needeth to be. And so it needeth that God be/ for god is and may not faylle/ And so for to speak noman needeth for to know the chronics/ for it might and may be that noman hem knoweth· Otherwise to speak of thing that nedeth· somewhat needeth for to sustain or to have other things thereby/ And so meet and drink needeth for keeping and susteynaunce of life. And so for to speak no man needeth for to know the cronykes·s But in the thyrdd manner to speak of thing that needeth/ all that is prouffytable needeth/ and so for to speak all men need to know the Cronykes ¶ Tle clerk Thenne they that understand no latyn may ask and be informed and y taught of 'em that understand latyn ¶ The lord· Thou speakest wonderly for the lewd man wot not what he should ask/ and namely of loore of deeds that come never in his mind ner wot of whom comynly he should ask/ Also not all men that understand latyn have such books tenforme lewd men also some connen not & some may not have while/ & so it needeth to have an englysshe translation ¶ The clerk ¶ The latyn is both good and fair/ therefore it needeth not to have an englyssh translation ¶ The lord This reason is worthy to be plunged in a pludde and lede in powder of lewdness and of shame/ ¶ It might well be that thou makest only in mirth and in game. The Clerke ¶ The reason must stand but it be assoylled· ¶ The lord ¶ A blear eyed man but he were all blind of wytt might see the Solution of this reason/ And though he were blind he might grope the solution/ But if his feeling him faylled· For if this reason were aught worth/ by such manner arguing me might prove that the three score and ten Interpreters and aquila Symachus Theodotion and Origenes were lewdly occupied when they translated holy writ out of hebrewe in to grue & also that saint Iherome was lewdly occupied when he translated holy writ out of hebrewe in to latyn/ For the Hebrew is both good. and fair and y wrytte by inspiration of the holy ghost And all these for her translations been hyely praised of all holy church ¶ Thenne the foresaid lewd reason is worthy to be powdred· leyed a water and y soused Also holy writ in latyn is boothe good and fair/ And yet for to make a sermon of holy writ all in latyn to men that can Englysshe and no latyn/ it were a lewd deed/ for they be never the wiser/ For the latyn but it be told hem in Englysshe what it is to mean/ ¶ And it may not be· told in englyssh what the latyn is to mean without translation out of latyn in to Englysshe/ Thenne it needeth to have an englysshe translation/ and for to keep it in mind that it be not foryeten it▪ is better that such a translation be made and written. than said and not written/ and so this foresaid lewd reason should move no●an that hath any wit to leave the making of Englysshe translation ¶ The Clerke ¶ A greeet deal of these books standeth moche by holy writ. by holy doctors and by philosophye· thenne these books should not be translated in to Englysshe ¶ The lord ¶ It is wonder that thou makest so febel arguments and haste goon so long to school/ Aristotle's books and other books also of logic and of philosophy were translated out of grue in to latyn/ ¶ Also atte praying of king Charles johan Scot translated denies books out of grue in to latyn. and thenne out of latyn in to ffrensshe. thenne what hath Englysshe trespaced that it might not be translated in to Englysshe ¶ Also king Alurede that founded the university of Oxenford translated the best laws in to Englysshe tongue/ And a greet deal of the Sawter out of latyn in to Englysshe/ And caused wyrefrith bishop of wyrcetre to translate saint gregoryes books. the dialogues out of latyn in to Saxons Also Cedmon of whythy was enspyred of the holy ghost and made wonder Poysyes in englisshe nigh of all the stories of holy writ ¶ Also the holy man beda translated saint johns' gospel out of latyn in to Englisshe Also thou wottest where the apocalypse is written in the walls and roof of a chapel both in latyn and in Frensshe Also the gospel and prophecy and the right faith of holy church must be taught and prechd to Englisshe men that con no latyn Thenne the gospel & prophecy & the right faith of holy church must be told hem in englysshe/ & that is not done but by Englissh translation for such englissh preaching is very translation/ & such englisshe preaching is good & needful. thenne englissh translation is good and needful. The clerk/ if a translation were made that might be amended in any point/ Somme men it would blame The lord/ If men blame that is not worthy to be blamed/ then they been to blame/ clerks know well ynowgh that no sinful man doth so well that it ne might do better. ne make so good a translation that he ne might be better· Therefore Origenes made two translations/ And jerome translated thrice the sawter/ I desire not translation of these the best that might be for that were an idle desire for any man that is now alive/ But I would have a skilful translation that might be know and understanden The Clerk ¶ Whether is you liefer have a translation of these Cro●ykrs in Rhyme or in prose ¶ The lord ¶ In prose For communly prose is more clear than rhyme. more easy and more plain to know and understand ¶ The Clerke ¶ Thenne god grance us grace grathly to give/ wit & wisdom wisely to worche Might and mind of right meaning to make. translation trusty and true. Plesing to the trinity three persons and one god in mageste· that ever was and ever shall be and made heaven and earth and light for to shine/ And departed light and derknes. And called light day and derknes night/ and so was made evetyde and morrow tide one day/ that had no morowtyde ¶ The second day he made the firmament between waters And departed waters that were under the firmamente· fro the waters that were above the firmament: And called the firmament heaven/ the third day he gathered waters that been under the firmament in to one place and made the earth unheled· and named the gathering of waters Seas and dry earth land/ And made trees & grass The fourth day he made son and Moon and st●rres/ and set hem in the firmament of heaven there for to shine and to be tokenes and signs to depart times and years night and day The fifth day he· made fowls and birds in thayer and fishes in the Water The sixth day he made beestes of the land and man of the earth and put 'em in paradies for he should wyrche and won therinne/ But man broke god's hest and fill in to sin and was put out of paradies in to woe & sorrow worthy to be dampened to the pain of hell without any end/ But the holy trinity had mercy of man/ And the father sent the son/ And the holy ghost a light on a maid. And the son took fflesshe and blood of that blysful maid and deyde on the Road to save mankind/ and aroos the third day glorious and blysful. and taught his disciplis/ and ascended in to heaven when it was time/ And shall come atte day of doom and dame quick and deed/ Thenne all tho that been writon in the book of life shall wend with him in to the bliss of heaven. and been there in body and soul/ and see and know his godhead and manhede in joy without any ende·  
¶ Thus endeth the dialogue   

¶ The epistle of sir johan Trevisa chapelayn unto lord Thomas of Barkley upon the translation of Polycronycon in to our Englysshe tongue  
wealth and worship to my worthy and worshipful lord sir Thomas lord of Barkley· I johan Trevisa your priest and ledeman obedient and ●nxom to work your will. hold in heart/ thenke in thought and mien in mind your nedefful meaning and speech that you spoke and said that you would have englysshe translation of Ranulphus of chestres' books of cronykes/ Therefore I will fond to take that travail and make Englysshe translation of the same books as god granteth me grace/ For blame of 〈…〉 I not blynue· For envy of enemies 〈…〉 of evil spekers wol● I not leave to do this 〈◊〉 For travail will I not spare/ Comfort I have in medeful making and plesing to god and in knowing that I wot that it is your will·s For to make this translation clear and plain to be known and understonden. In some place I shall set word for word and actyf for actyf & passyf for passif arrow right as it standeth without changing of the order of words/ But in some place I must change the order of words and set actyf for passyf and ayenward/ And in some place I must set a reason for a word. and tell what it meaneth/ But for all such changing the meaning shall stand and not be changed. But some words and names of countries of lands/ of cities of waters of Rivers of montaynes and hills/ of people and of places must be set and stand for 'em self in her own kyndr/ as Asia Europa Affryca and Syrya Mount Atlas Syna and Oreb Marach jordan and arnon· Bethleem· Nazareth Iherusalem and damascus· Hanybal Rasyn. assuerus and cyrus and many such words/ And names. if any man make of these books of Cronykes a better Englissh translation and more prouffytable god do him meed/ And by cause you make me do this medeful deed/ he that quiteth all good deeds quite your meed in the bliss of heaven in wealth and liking with all the holy saints of mankind & the nine ordres of Angelis As angels Archangels. Pryncipates. potestates virtutes. dominaciones/ Trones cherubyn and seraphyn to see god in his blysful face in joy without any end Amen  
¶ Thus endeth he his Epistle   


¶ Prolicionytion ¶ Prefacio prima ad historiam ¶ Capitulum primum/  
AFter solemn and wise writers of Art and of science that had sweetness and liking all her life time to study & ro travail about cunning and knowleche of kindly things and about sobrenes and readiness of thews/ they been worthy to been hyely prey sed/ as though it were putting and meddling to guider prouffyt and swetenes·s For they written and left to us written meruaylles and wondres. great bearing out and deeds of our forn faders/ of stalworth/ wight wise. and worthy and of diverse manner men that were in old time ¶ For in the making of books of stories that been to us sent and byquethens by great business of the writers of Cronykes blazon and shynen clearly the right rule of thews. Ensample of living/ knowing of goodness. the meeting of the three ways of the virtues of divinity/ & the metynge of the four ways of the four pryncipal virtues of thews of Ryal clothing  
¶ Of the which things our lytil cunning might not take knowleche ne follow the fourth/ but business of writers to our uncunning had shadde and stremed mind of Ancient and old deeds ¶ For why short life dull wit slow understanding & idle occupations let us to know many things foryetyngnes always kithing the craft of a stepdame is enemy of mynde· ¶ Also now in our time Art Science and law were lost Ensample of noble deeds were not known/ Nobylyte and fair manere of speaking were all lost/ But the mercy of God almighty had ordained lettres and writing in remedy of the unperfyghtnesse of mankynde·  
¶ I pray you/ who should know emperors wonders of the Philosophers or else follow thappostles·sapostles But their noble deeds and their wonder works were not wreton in histories and so kept in mind/ who should know lucillum but Seneca in· his Epistles had written his deeds/ writing of Poetes is more worth to praising of Emperors than all the wealth of this world and richesses that they wielded while they were a live/ For story is witness of time/ Mind of life Messagyer of oldenesse/ story weldeth passing doings/ story putteth forth her professoures·s deeds that would be lost story reneweth/ deeds that would flee out of mynde· Story callith again/ deeds that would die story keepeth 'em for evermore Wherefore among other noble travayllours of the three paths arne most worthy to been praised fair flourysshers and embelysshers of words and of metre. that have of their travail gotten great pries and laud/ We may not 〈◊〉 praise 'em that in Histories meten and descriven all the world wide/ ¶ But without any dread they shall receive their meed of him that rewardeth· and quyteth all them that well work. ¶ By the worthiness and ensample of noble writers that herto fore have wreton not boosting of mine own deeds ner scorning/ ne blaming other mennys deeds I have cast and ordained as I may to make/ and to write a treaties that I have gathered out of dyverce books of the estate of the Ilonde of Brytayne. otherwise called Englond unto the knowleche of 'em that shall come after us/ Thenne special lords that knew mine intent/ And had desire to know greet men's deeds prayed me bysyly/ that I should also write the famous hystoryes·s and acounte the years from the beginning of the world unto our time/ ¶ Tho took I heed that this matier as Labo●●ntus Dedalus house hath many halkes and hurues wonderful ways winding and wrynklynges that will not lightly be opened and showed/ Me shamed and dread to take on me to grant so ferdful aboone/ For idleness and slowthe let greet works that men would wyrche/ ¶ My wit is full lytil to▪ unwynde· the wrappynges of so wondered works/ The matiere is large/ Writers therinne been many and greet/ ¶ For the fullness thereof men been all sad and take the lass heed and lightly would find fault on this simple werke· And as enemies whet their tongues and bend their brows/ Of such men speaketh Gregorius Nazauzenus that will lightly blame defawtes of other men/ And not follow so lightly goodness. all this I had in mind And also I knew mine own poverty and shamed and dread after so noble spekars that swooned as tromps to put forth my barren speech hose and snoching as who reacheth up mulberyes and serveth lychorous men that liveth in liking with sour grape's/ ¶ For if after the labour of Hercules and after the first tourneys strife and joustes of Olympye a Pygmeye busketh him to battle and arayeth him to fight. Who might thenne leave to lawhe/ ¶ Also who would shonte to scorn if I pipe with an ooten reed/ and unhighte so noble a/ matier with mowing grunting and whistling after so noble spekars that swooned atte best And of hem fair facounde and renable speech flowed and stremed all her life tyme· ¶ But I have well in mind what Booz saide to Ruth that was shamefast/ and lose up the ears after his Ryp men/ He said noman shall wrath the· ● And to his rypmen he said/ If she will with you Ripe/ forbid you her not/ And her for to lose or gleyne noman shall let. ¶ The Poet also Mantuanus Marro Virgilius sayeth libro decimo/ And Oracins as saith Hugucio Pisanus in dininaciovibus suis Capitulo perviso ¶ When Enemies despised Oracius and bore him on honde that he had taken some of Homeres versis· and meddled among his and called him a gader●● of old wrytynges● He answered and said it were right greet strength● to wrest a maas out of Hercules honde/ ¶ Therefore I pray that noman blame me/ though I far as sonde and ashes. For though they be dim and foul hem self. they cleanse other things and make shine full bright. And many other things that have not in hem self/ yet yeven to other. ¶ So saith the Poet Satiricus I far as a whestone that maketh iron sharp and keen. ¶ Item Gregorius in suo Pastorali saith/ I have painted a well fair man/ And am myself a foul● peyntoure. Therefore I trust on that charity that Gregory speaketh of in his Omelye/ that wit virtues and strength/ that uncunning denieth/ And auntre me in to reaping that is full of travail and waking in caas despised of envious men and proud. And yet I hope it shall be prouffytable to good studyers and meke· ¶ ● shall entre in to the fields of our fornfaders/ And follow the Rypmen/ if I may in any wise lose and gadre somewhat of the crumbs that fallen from lords boards that sometime were fulfilled and left their relief to her children ¶ And also if I might gadre any scraps of the relief of the xij kipes or lepes·s And some what put to & encre●e writing of auctors as a dwerf sitting on a geants' neck wherthurgh yonglynges mow be brought to loore/ ¶ And greater men to use and business set/ mow be informed and taught by this short treaties. that have not seen the great volumes and large that been of stories ●reton/ Not subtlety of sentence/ ne fair flourysshing of words. But sw●tenes of devotion of the matters that Regne in this book ¶ In the which book and tretyse weal nigh all the Problems and questions of the wisest men been planted ¶ Also many things that been not wreton in other books/ I have gathered of the comyne as though it were of a story and wreton in th●● treaties/ by cause men should know 'em after our tyme· For somdele by malice of enemies. somdele by the sloth of wrytars knowleche by great deeds is so nigh lost and foryeten that scarcely bore names of places we have not in mind/ Though feigning and saws of misbelieved and lawless men And wondres and meruaylles of diverse countries and l●●des been planted in this book. such seruen and is good to 〈◊〉 known of Crysten men ¶ Virgyle sought gold of wit an● wisdom in the fen of Ennij the Poet ¶ And the children of Israel in her going unto the land of Biheste spoylled the Egyptians that is in other books wreton we'll wide and par celmele planted/ Here it is put together mirth to sadness/ and heathen to Cristen people everich among other that strange stories been so a●●egged/ shorted and lengthened/ that the history is hoole and sothnes not changed/ ¶ Nevertheless more certain some is held than other/ ¶ For Augustinus de Civitate dei saith we should trow and worship the myraclee of god· And not hem dispreve by disputicion· Wondres been not all to be untro wed/ ¶ For some tell many· wondres which thou shalt find that thou wouldest not believe ¶ And yet they been full sooth/ kind may not do against god lord of kind Also of many things that semen full sooth/ Netheles skylfully it is to be doubted ¶ Y●dorus i'th' quintodecimo saith If reason is uncertain of the building of Rome. what wonder though men be uncertain of the building of other cities and towns/ wherefore we shall not blame makers and writers of histories that diversly spe●en and written. For long passing of time and eld of deeds make 'em unknown & writers to err/ Therefore Iherome saith it is seemly to believe their saws that gaynsaye not our bileve ne sothnes that is knowen· wherefore in the writing of this history I take not upon me to affirm for truth all that I write. but such as I have seen & re●de in diverse books I gather and write without envy & common to other men For thapostle saith not all that is written is sooth But he saith all that is wreton is wreton for our doctrine & loore. And though I take it of other men's/ I call this story mine/ And for that I write other whiles mine own words & sentence of old men/ the auctors that I in the first beginning of this book take for shelde· and defence me for to save and keep against enemies that me would despise strangely and blame/ first for myself and for mine own/ name I writ this letter ¶ R Here I write and rehearse the names of the auctors of which this Cronyke is special gathered & drawn/ ¶ josephus judeorum historicus in signis qui ab inicio seculi usque ad ·xiiij 〈◊〉 domicianis libros antiquitatum viginti nec non et de subverstone civitatis Iherosolime gentis que sue captivitate septem conscripsit Egesippus de excidio urbis quem transtulit Ambrose Plinius in/ xxxvij· libris de naturali historia· Trogus pompeius in xliiij/ libris de cwetis pene orbis historijs quem abreu●auit discipulis suis justinus Eusebius in historia ecclesiastica cuius v●decim sunt libri/ Historia Ecclesiastica triꝑtita/ cuius tres sunt Auctores Eusebius jeronimus et Theodorus Episcopus/ Augustinus de civitate dei potissime/ xvij/ & xviij/ orosius Hispanus terraconensis presbyter in libro de ormesta mundi· ysidorus hispalensis in libro etymology/ Solinus de mirabilibus mundi· henricus hontyndon Archidya●onus Eutropius in historia romana Walterus Oxomensis archidyaconus/ Paulus dyaconus in historia longobardorum/ Alfridus beverlacensis thesaurarius· Cassi odorus de gestis imperatorum et pontificum· Galfridus monamutensis in historia B●itonum· Metodius martyr et episcopus cui in carcerato revelavit Angelus de mundi statu principio et fine Willelmus Ryvallensis· Giraldus Cambrensis qui descripsit topographiam hibernie itinerarium wallie et vitam regis henrici secundi sub triplici distinctione. Succonius de gestis romanorum Valerius maximus de gestis memory. Macrobius in saturnalibus/ johannes Salesburyensis in suo policraton quem intitulavit de nugis cur●●l●●m et philosophorum. Prescianus gramaticus in cosmag●●phia/ Petrus comestor in historia scolastica/ Hugucio pisanus Episcopus in magnis divinacionibus suis/ Gregorius de mirabilibus Rome/ Vincencius belnacensis in speculo historiali ¶ Beda de gestis anglorum/ Iuo carnotensis Episcopus Beda de naturis rerum. Historia ffrancorum/ Beda de temporibus Titus livius de gestis Romanorum Gildas de gestis britonum· Martinus penitenciarius domini pape in Cronicis suis de imperatoribus et pontificibus/ Marianus Scotus. Willelmus malmesburyensis monachus de gestis Regum Anglie et pontificum/ Florencius wigorn Monachus quem in annorum supputacione una cum mariano potissime sum secutus   

¶ Prefacio secunda ad historiam  
ANd for as moche as this Cronyke containeth berynges and deeds of many times/ therefore I clepe it Policronicon that is the Cronyke of many times/ In the which werk by the ensample of the first wercher that wrought all his works in six days and/ rested in the seventh. For his doing is our doctrine. This work I depart and deal in seven books/ The first book descryveth places contreyes and lands and all the wide world ¶ The other six books by the number of the six ages that containeth bearing and deeds from the beginning of the world unto our time ¶ Netheles in the first book of this work as who descryveth general common and special/ mappa mund is portrayed and painted therinne· which is the clot that the shape of the wide world is painted Inn ¶ Thenne in his chief parties the world is deled ¶ And for this story is travailed by cause of brytayne every province and land is described until we come to brytayne last of all as most special And therein been contained fyften chapytres needful to the knouleche of the Ilonde of Brytayne as though it were an Inbrynging to greater knowleche in other books that followeth/ that who that may not come to full knowleche of the full story may by such forleding have liking to leave shrewdness and sin ¶ The second book aventureth for to tell bearing and deeds with destription of the lass world ¶ And for the ages of the world be not all evene and of bearing and of deeds and eveery book is even and conteynth like ¶ Therefore the second book containeth the bearing and deeds of the four ages fro the making of our formest father to thebrenning of the temple of the jews. The thyrdde book from the transmygration of the pepole to the coming of Criste/ The fourth fro Criste to the coming of the saxones/ The fifth from the Saxones to the danes/ The sixth from the danes to the Normans/ The seventh from the Normans to our time that is under the reign of king Edward the thyrdde after the conquest/ And so by the prophecy of ysaye this great story is departed in seven streams so that both hosed and shod gods people may pass thereby   

¶ Prefacio tercia ad historiam ¶ Capitulum· Tercium  
TO 'em that will have full knowleche of historyes·s it needeth eygthe things to know descryptions of places/ states of things/ distynction of times after following of kingdoms/ diversity of living/ passing of ages/ Manner of doing & in all these very acountyng of years. The first of these shall be remembered in the first book· And the other in the other books shall be openly wreton/ Touching the second take heed of two estates/ One fro the beginning of the world to Criste· and that is called the state of mysgoing. The second state fro Criste to the worlds end. And that is named the state of grace and of mercy/ For the thyrdde take heed of three times/ One to fore the law wreton· the second in the time of law wreton· And the thyrdde under the new law of Criste of which law is under grace and mercy/ for the fourth take heed that sometime there were four pryncipal Kingdoms/ that is to weet of the assyryens/ Perces'/ Greeks and Romayns/ Netheles touching the course of the world and the process of holy writ the first kingdom was under our forfaders fro Adam to Moses. The second fro moyses to saul. The thyrdde under kings fro Saul to Zorobabel/ The fourth under bishops fro Zorobabel to Criste/ For the fifth take heed of five manners of living/ The first was in the first age under the law of kind common to all men. the second in the second age was the living of misbelieved men/ when mawmetrye began in Nynus's time king of Ninyve. the thyrdde in the thyrdde age under the law wreton/ when circumcision & law departed the children of israel fro laws and mysbyleved men/ The fourth living of Cristen men bigan under Criste. when believe and grace of Sacrament hallowed herself. The fift living of Sarasyns began under macho meet as it shall be said in the fift book/ and after the time of heraclius themperour openly showed/ for the sixthe take heed of sex ages/ One is fro Adam to Noe. The second fro Noah to Abraham/ The thyrdde fro Abrahain to David/ The fourth fro david to the transmygration that was when Israhel was brought in to thraldom of Babilone/ The fifth fro the transmygration to Crist. The sixthe fro Crist to the worlds end/ And here take heed that ages of the world been not delid by evenness of years/ but by merueylles that byfelle in her beginning/ as the first age began fro the beginning of the world/ The second from Noes flood/ The thyrdde fro the circumcision. The fourth fro the beginning of kings/ the fift from the transmygracion· The sixthe fro thincarnation of Crist/ For the seventh take heed of seven persones·s whose deeds been wreton in storyes·s that is to were King in his Royamme/ Knight in battle/ juge in plea. bishop in clergy lawful men in the people/ husband in house. religious man in the church. Of the which springeth out seven famous doings. Building of Cytees·s victory of enemies Making of lawes·s Correction of trespass/ help of the common prouffyt· Governing of main and of household/ Getting of blifful mede· In the which blazeth and shineth rewarding of good men and punysshing of evil men/ For the eight/ take heed of echt diverse manner of acountyng of years/ Three the jews use. three the Greeks/ One the Romayns/ And the Cristen men one/ for the jews in tretys·s and covenants have a year usual· And beginneth in janyver· In devotion and sacrifice they have a year lawful and beginneth in march/ Also they have a year of appearing that they use in Calculing and in Cronyke/ And beginneth in May when they passed out of Egypte. Also the greeks in three manner wise acount●n their years first for joy of the victory they acounte her years fro the taking of Troy. Afterwards they acounte her by olympiades that been the times of their joustes and tournementes/ But after that they reigned they accounted their years by her reigning in this manner Anno Regni Grecorum quinto vel tercio tali vel tali sicut patet in libro Machabeorum/ when the Romayns waxed in her flowers they accounted her years fro the building of the Cyte ab urbe condita· But Cristen men fro the Incarnation of Criste acounten her years/ But when me cometh to that place men must take heed/ that the Calculing of denies that englond and F●aunce folowen hath lass by xxij year than the calculing of Iherome that followeth the Gospel/ willelmus Malmesburyensis bbro. 4· de pont saith that marianus scotus. and the monk prysoned in maguncia a toun of almayn about the year of grace a/ M/ three score/ &/ xuj. looked bysyly in books & accounted and fond that dyonisyus exiguus acordeth not with the gospel in acountyng of yeres·s ffor this Scot marianus accounted all the years from the beginning of the world and put to xxii year that lacked of denies acountes. And written a great cronyke and an huge/ the which book Robert bishop of herforde deflored. and that for it is that the common Cronikes that foloweden denies faylled all daye· ffor I●erome in translating the cronyke of Eusebij saith that years lack between Cristes' passion and vaspasianus tyme· And also twelve years lack about decius Caesar'S time as it is showed in the/ uj· age/ This error bifalleth for days and months were unrekened that kings reigned over full years. Also days and months that voided between two kings were forgotten. wherefore in this book I shall mark as I may how and what years such defawtes fill/ So that I shall hyghte the margyns by the hedes of the histories some wych double and some with triple rows of years. ffrom Abraham to the cyte y buyld· I set to geders the year of the age of the world and of the ledare. ffro the Cyte y buyld to Criste I set to guider the year of the age of the cyte and of the ledare. And fro Crist● forthward I write together the year of grace/ and of the prince that reigned    


¶ Cronica Ranulphi Cistrensis Monachi De orbis dimensione prescianus in Cosmagraphia ¶ Capitulum quintum  
IVlius Cezar by counseyl of the Senators/ And Aldermen of Rome sought and searched histories and books of his years of doing and deeds. And ordained wisemen and ready to measure and describe all the world about. Thenne fro julius time to Saturmus time xxxij year. Messengers wise men and well y taught in the practyke of Geometrye cunning and prouffytable to measure and g●sse hygnes and lownes·s length and breed and depnes also were redyly sent to every land about to jugges and Capytayns/ to Governors of lands/ for they should measure and describe Land and water/ woods and lands valleys and plains/ Montaynes and downs. And the see strand and every place where any man might go or ride. or ship sayle· And write and certefye the senators where and what wondres were founden/ R. This witnesseth Iherome in translating the history of Eusebi libro secundo/ cao. secundo/ there he saith that pilate juge of the jury certefyed. Tiberyus cezar of merueylles & wonders that Criste wrought in the Iewrye/ & Tiberius certefyed the Senatours· but the Senators believed not· ffor they had not herd afore so wonder works/ prescianus & so by warning and certefyeng of Capytayns of lands it was founden and known that all the world about hath seas of diverse names ·xxx· Ilondes/ lxxij. Famous montaynes/ xl/ provinces/ lxxviij/ Noble cities/ iij. C/ lxx great Rivers/ lvij· diverse nations an. C and five and twenty/ ¶ The roundenes of the world about is three honderd scythes/ and fyften scythes an honderd thousand paas The length of the earth that men dwell Inn fro the eeste to the west/ that is fro Ind to the pylers of hercules' in the See Gadytan is iiij score scythes. &/ v/ scythes. an· C/ lxxviij mile/ but the way from that one end to that other is moche lass by waterthan by land. The breed of the earth fro the south to the north that is from the clyf of Ocean in Ethyopia the land of black men to the mouth of the river of Thany is well nigh haluen deal lass than the length. and containeth/ liiij. C/ and/ lxij mile also it is fond that the deppest place of the See of myddel earth containeth down right fyften furlong deep. R/ Tholomeus saith that the Roundenes of a Cercle about containeth thrice so much as the breed and the sevendele of the breed/ So that the proportion of two and twenty to seven·s So that is accounted that the roundenes of the earth about containeth twenty thousand and forty mile/ if we depart that some a three and the seventh part of the third. the thycknes of the earth thurghout is almost sex thousand and five honderd. four score and eleven mile/ Thenne half the thyknes of the earth inward/ and down right/ is three thousand two C· five & forty myle· and somewhat over as it were half a mile/ So if hell is in the myddel of the earth down right it may be known how many mile it is to hell.   

¶ De orbis divisione/ Augustinus de cinitate dei libro sexto capitulo/ Octavo ¶ Capitulum Sextum  
THe departing of the world take heed that the great See of Ocean beclyppeth all the earth about/ And the Earth is departed in three great parties. Asia that is one parte· Europa that other/ And Affryca the thyrdde/ But the three parties been not all even like moche/ for Asia one of the three containeth half the earth/ And stretcheth fro the south by the eeste unto the north/ And is closed about with the see of Ocean/ But it endeth westward atte great See/ Beda de naturis. his ends been the mouth of the river Nilus in the south and of the river thanays in the north. Ysidorus libro quarto/ decimo/ capitulo quarto/ That other part europa stretcheth dounward fro the river thanays by the north/ Ocean to the costs of Spain and joineth to the great See by Eeste and by south And endeth in the Ilonde Gades. ¶ Item/ Ysidorus/ capitulo quinto/ Affryca the thyrdde part stretcheth fro the west to the south unto the Coost of Egypte/ And these two parties Affryca and Europa been departed a sounder by an Arm of the See Plenius libro 3o. co. po. The mouths of that Arm conteynen ffyften thousand paas in length/ and five thousand paas in breed. And of thilk mouths the See of myddel earth beginneth/ And by diverse arms spreadeth and waxeth inward the lands   

De parcium orbis descripcione· plenius liliro sexto· prescianus in Cosmagraphia ¶ Capitulum septimum  
ASia is mooste in quantity/ Europa is lass/ Andrea like in number of people/ But Africa is jest of all the iij parties both in place & in number of people· And therefore some men that knew men and lands accounted but two parties of thearth only· Asia and Europa. And they accounted that Affryca is narrow in breed and evil doers/ Croupt ayer· wild beestes/ And venomous dwellen therein/ Therefore they that acounte Affryca the third part acounte not by space and measure of length and breed/ But by diverse dispositions better and worse and depart Affryca fro Europa and Asya as a sore member that is not fro membrys that been hoole and sound and in good point at the best Also Affryca in his kind hath lass space. And for the sturenes of heaven it hath the more wilderness/ And though Affryca be lytil. it hath more wilderness and waste land. for great brenning of hete of the son/ Thenne Europa for all the chele and great cold that is therinne/ for why all that liveth & groweth may better endure with cold than with hete· But measure ruleth both/ Plenius libro sexto/ Therefore it is that Europa nouryssheth and bringeth forth fair men larger and greater of body myghtyer of strengthe· hardyer and bolder of heart and fairer of shape than Affryca. for the son beam alway abideth upon the men of Affryca/ And draweth out the humours and maketh 'em short of bodyes·s black of Skin/ Crypse of beer/ And by drawing out of spirits maketh 'em coward of heart/ The contrary is of northern men In the cold without stoppeth smal● hooles and porus. and holdeth the hete withinne· And so maketh 'em fatter greater and whiter withinne. and so hardyer and bolder of heart   

¶ De mari magno medio sive mediterraneo Plenius libro 3o. capitulo primo· ¶ Capitulum octawin  
THenne the great see of myddel earth beginneth in the west at hercules' pylers/ there the see Ocean of Athlant breaketh out & maketh the see gadytan· The length of that see is xv M· paas/ & the breed v/ m. paas/ & hath in the right side affrica & in the life side europa. & thereof springen the Inner seas/ the ends thereof is the water thanayan the northsyde. & nilus in the south side/ ysid/ libo. 14/ The 〈◊〉 see flowing out of the Ocean turneth in to the south. and thenne in to the north/ Balearis is the first great haven and passage of the see/ and shedeth in to sp●●ne· Thenne the other mouth gallycus passeth by the province of Narbon. thenne lygustyus by janua a cyte/ Thenne tyrenus to ytalye archeth/ Thenne the haven of Scicilia passeth to creta then the passage of creta stretcheth in to pamphilia and Egypte and fro thence the streme of the great haven and mouth Elespontus breaketh out a broad in great wawes and stremes·s And torneth northward But besides grece at Boforn it waxeth narrow and straight. as narrow as the space of seven furlonges·s And there exerses the king made over a bridge of ships for to pass in to grece and war therin· Plenius libro sexto/ There the see is so narrow between Europa and Asia that men may here in either side out of other hounds berke/ and fowls sing/ but if weder and wind lette· Giraldus de po. co. xo./ that narrow place is named saint georges arm. And stretcheth forth by constantynople and between Europa and asia· And in that see is the Ilond abides/ ysid. libro nono/ Thenne the see shede●h northward and maketh the see propontydes. then it naroweth to the narownes of uj. C/ paas/ & is the see trach/ Thenne the see ponticus that passeth by north/ by trasia and Misia stretcheth to the waters and mareys of meotydes. and receiveth there the river thanays/ then it stretcheth estward and passeth by the lass Asia unto the ends of yberya and armeny. and that see is named Eusinum/ Ysid libo. nono. And that see is swetter shorter and more misty For ffresshe Rivers all about run and fallen thereto. ¶ In that great mouth and bay been ylondes as chachos/ Pathmos and other. Plenius libo./ 6ᵒ./ And the see ponticus floweth not ne torneth again. but ever runneth in to the see propontydem and Ebespontum/ R. The cause thereof is might and strength of Rivers & bakwaters that rennen thereto/ drive forth the see eusinum always in one course/ & the strength & the flood of the see elesponticus that is far fro occ●●n may not withstand the course/ & strength of the strong streams that run that course. ysid libo. nono/ as the earth that is one hath diverse names because of diverse pla●●● so this great see by cause of diverse Kingdoms/ Ilondes people/ cities & towns that it passeth by/ & haps that fall therein is diversly named and hath diverse names   

¶ De Occeano/ ysidorus libro 13ᵒ. ¶ Capituluin nowm  
THe see of Ocean byclyppeth all thearth about as a garland. and by times cometh and goth/ ebbing & flowing and floweth in seas and casts 'em up/ And winds blown therein. Plenius libro secundo// capitulo 99/ The high flood of Ocean ariseth upon the costs of brytayn four score Cubits high And that rising and depnes is better known by the clives than in the high see/ for beting of veins is better known in the utter parties of the body than in ward in the myddel within everich flood ariseth more in ocean than in the great see that is for the hoole to guider is myghtyer and stronger than any party by himself/ Or for the hool Ocean is great and large and receiveth. more working of the moan than any party by himself that is smaller and lasse· Therefore lakes/ Rivers/ Ponds and other ffresshe wuters ne ebb ne flow as Ocean doth/ Plenius libro secundo· capitulo 7. Ocean spreadeth and shedeth in to dyveerse mowthes and costs toward the land/ And in many places well nigh toucheth the Inner seas. so neyghe that the mouth that is called· Arabicus/ and is the mouth and the cost of the reed see is fro the see of egypte. but fifty thousand paas also the mouth and see that is called caspius is but three honderd/ lxxv/ mile fro the great see that is called Eusinus/ Beda de naturis. Among all the mowthes and seas that cometh toward the land and out of the Ocean three been held most famous. The mouth and see hath two names and is called gadytanus and athlantycus also The second is called caspius/ and entereth out of nor●heest and departeth between the northsyde of Ind and Sicia that land An● that stretcheth toward the great mouth and see that is named Eusmus/ The thyrdde mouth and see is the reed see and cometh out of the northeest. and departeth the south side of ynde fro ethiopia and egypte/ ffro thilk two lands thenne the reed see stretcheth forth and departeth in ij mouths and seas. that one is named persicus & stretcheth northward/ that other is named. Arabicus and stretcheth westward and toward the great see. This rede see is not reed of kind/ but it flassheth and wasseth on the reed cleves and stones and so is y dyhed reed as a roose/ therefore of the clives and strand of the reed see is gathered vermylon and rede precious stones-Solmus. by the see that is called caspius been hills that been called 〈◊〉 hills of caspij and have in lengthy 〈◊〉/ thousand paas/ and in breed unnethe the space of a cartwaye/ In the sides of the hills of caspij salt veins melt and wose 〈◊〉 humours and moisture y dreyed and clongen by heat of 〈…〉 ne. joineth and cleaveth to guider/ as ice or glass/ And so men 〈◊〉 not clymme on the hills the weigh is so slyther. Also every draft is full draw in the space of xxviij/ thousand paas· the land is dry without socoure· and address and serpents fallen therto· so that but it be winter there may no man come therinne·. R/ Marcianus saith that the yates of Caspij been fast shette wi●h iron barris and in springing time fast barred for serpents and adders/ And the master of histories saith that atte prayers of king Alexander the hills of caspij were closed and joined to gyders/ Paulus in historia long. lio. po./ There been many swelled wyngys' and whirlyngys' of waters by the see brynkes twain been in the see of myddel earth between Italye and the Ilonde Scicilia/ thilk two swolowes been called scylla and carybdies of the which speaketh vyrgyle/ and saith Scylla is perilous in the rightsyde/ and carybdies in the life side/ Other swolewies and perils of water been in Ocean/ One is in the west● clyve of brytayn and is called the navel of the see/ the other is between brytayn and gallycia· and it is said that these swolewes twice in the night and day swelled with in streams and floods and cast 'em up agayn· Also it draweth in ships and casted hem again as swiftly as an arrow to a man's sight.   

¶ De provyncijs orbis/ Et primo de Paradiso. ¶ Capitulum decimum  
FOr the knowleche of earthly paradyse/ three points must be known/ wherefore three questions must be axed· the first question axeth if any such place is on earth/ The second axeth whytherward· and where is paradyse in earth. the third axeth what country and place is paradyse in erthe· ffor the first four manner witnessis we have that paradyse is in earth/ ffyrst stories that likened Sodom oer it were overtourned to paradyse· The second witness is of 'em that assayed· wrote and said that they had seen that place/ The thyrdde witness/ been the four Rivers that rennen out of paradise. for the heed of thilk rivers been not founden in see ne in ffresshe water ner in land that men dwell Inn though Kings of Egypte and many other travailed well oft and sought there after. Therefore Ysid ·xiij. eth· saith that Iherom took heed that other understanding byhoveth of the Rivers of paradyse than auctors written. Also Basilius in exam●ron/ ysid i'th' libro xiv. and josephus libro primo sayen that water's falling of the highest hill of paradyse maken a great pond/ and out of that pond/ as it were a well the four Rivers springen/ Petrus capitulo 14/ Of the which four Rivers the first is physon/ And is to meaning full waxing of plente/ That river physon passeth in to Ind and draweth with him golden gravel· Phison hath another name· and is called ganges of a King of Ind. which was named Gangarius. But Ganges is to say. Felawship and Company. For it receiveth t●n great Rivers that rennen thereto/ The second is called/ Gyon and Nilus also. And goth about Ethiopia and Egypte The thyrdde is Tigris/ And as josephus saith dyglath also that is to say sharp. for it is swift as Tigris which is a right swift beeste. And Tigris passeth toward Assyria that land/ Ysidorus libro tercis decimo· The most certain Author Salustius saith that there cometh a well out of Cerannes' the hills of Armenye and springeth out of the foot of the hill that is called Cancasus. And that well is the heed of twain Ryvers·s of Tigris & of Eufrates. the which two Rivers sometime ben· departed a sunder and sometime medlid to gyders. and of●e time they been swolowed in to the earth/ And after springen up again. And long after goon about. Mesopotonya that land/ and dounward in to the reed Se●e. R. And though men rede in books that Nilus cometh out of Paradyse/ Yet some men affermen and say that Nilus springeth in the west side of the land of Ethiopia not fe● fro the hill that is named Athlas/ And gooth about Ethiopia and dounward by Egypte/ Seche the proprete of Nilus in the Chapytre Egiptus· ¶ The fourth witness and proof that such a place is in Earth that is called Paradyse· is old Fame and long durynge· ffor men shall believe old fame that is not withseyde· But Fame of Paradyse hath endured without gaynsayeng six thousand year and more. For fro the beginning of the world unto our days it hath endured. And Fame that is false endureth not so long. for it falls out of mind or is disproved by Sothnes known/ ¶ Of the second question that Axeth in which side of the world and in what place paradyse should be· Though that short witted men and lytil of assay say that paradyse is long saylling out of the earth that men dwell Inn●· And also departed from the earth. and is as high as the moan/ it is not to be bileved· ffor nature and reason both withsaye it/ for if paradies were departed atwynne fro the earth that men dwell Inne· ne water ne eyer might bear such a burden/ also the fuyer occupieth all the myddel space between thayer & the moan/ then paradyse is not there· ffor thenne nothing might live therinne/ also if paradyse were so hyghe· sometime it should take a way the light and make eclipse of the moan. but of such an eclipse heard we never Also if paradyse were so high & departed a sunder from every land & earth. how should the four Rivers that springen out of paradyse pass by the air and the wide see and come in to lands that men dwell Inn/ And if men say that paradyse is so high that in one place it continueth to the earth that men dwell june/ Thenne the earth is enlong & not round all about as wise men descriven hit· but that may not stonde· For it is know by experience and assay that in every eclipse of the moan the earth maketh a round shield/ Therefore the earth with all his parties must needs be round And so wise men conclude that paradyse is in the uttermost ends of the eest. and that it is a great country of the earth no lass than Ind or Egypte/ and a large place and covenable for all mankind to dwell Inne· if mankind had not sinned. Of the thyrdde that axeth of paradyse what manner place it should be. ysid saith/ libro 14/ ca/ 3o./ that this name paradis turned out of grue in to latyn is as much to say as an orchard but paradise in ebrew is called eden that is to say lykynge· The which twain y put to guider maketh an Orchard of liking. R. no wonder· ffor in that place is all thing that acordeth to lyf· Ysid libro quarto decimo/ There is health for the eyer is attemperat neither too hot ne to cold so that nothing that liveth may die therinne. that withnessith Enok and hely that yet been there a lyve· johannes damascenus that place hath fair weder and mirth/ for it was the celer and place of all fairness. no manner tree loseth there his leves. ne flowers there fade There i● mirth and sweetness of fruit and trees that grow there/ Genesis secundo capitulo/ It is wryton every tree therinne is sweet to eat and fair to sight/ Therinne is sykernes and sewrte. for the place is high/ R/ petrus/ ca· 13o saith that the water of the great flood cometh not in paradyse Though some men say that paradyse is high as the moan/ that is not sooth in words and in deed but that speech is saved by an excusation of speaking that is called yperbolyca/ So that they that speaken would mean that paradyse in height passeth all other lands/ Trevisa/ So we praise an earthly man jordan or johan· and say that he was the best man that ever was. and yet he was never so good as criste· So in words that/ subtle men well divine the meaning is true & good/ but alas as ysidorus saith libro nono. capitulo primo Our way to paradyse is fast stopped by cause of the sin of our forn father/ it is closed all about with a brenning wall so that the brenning thereof arecheth to heaven. as some men would ween paradyse is closed with that wall to hold out mankind/ angels stonden/ on that wall to keep well paradies that none evil goostes mow come therein.   

¶ De Asia & provincijs eius. Ysidorus libo./ 14 ¶ Capitulum undecimum  
YSydorus saith that asia hath the name and is called after a woman that dwelled therinne/ which was named Asia In Asia been many provinces and lands the which I shall describe & rekene all along. & begin with ynde. ynde hath in the est side the son rising/ In the south the see Ocean/ In the west the river of ynde. In the north the hill that is called Cancasus. And so ynde is end. In ynde been men of colour and hew died/ In ynde is a bird that is named phytacus. elephantis peper· and a tree that is called hebanus/ ivory and precious stones beryls/ Crisopassis/ Carbunclis· adamantis. and golden hills. to the which it is full hard for to come/ For dragons and gripes & for diverse manner men grisly and wonderly shapen· Among all the lands of this world/ ind is greatest and mooste rich strengest and most full of people/ In wonder and meruaylles most wondered. In Ind a crop of a fyghe tree is so great and so wide sprad· that many companies of men may sit atte meet well enough there under/ That causeth the goodness of the land/ temperure of weder and plente of water· Plenius libro sexto/ capitulo/ 19/ In ynde been many kings and people's/ Somme of hem tylleth the land/ Somme useth chaffer & merchandise Some knygthode and chivalry. And somme been great clerks ¶ In ynde been treees that have tops as high as men shall shoot with an arrow. Also of a gobet between twain knots of a reed in ynde men make a boot that beareth three men atones over a deep water/ In ynde been men of five Cubyte long that wax not seek n●r yield up the breath. Also there been satiri and other diverse men grisly and wonderly shapen. There Inn been men of a Cubyte long/ and been named pygmy. These pygmy geten children. and engenderens in the fourth yere· and wax whore in the ·u· They gather a great host/ and riden upon weders and Rams to fight with Cranes/ and destroyen their nests and her eggs For the Cranes that been their enemies should not encrece and wax to many/ There been bis● philosophers that biholde on the son all the day long/ Also some have heeds as it were hounds. And the voys that they make/ is lyker to berking of hounds than to man's voys They been clothed in wild beestes Skynnys/ And Armed with her owen teth and nails and lyven by hunting and hawking. Other there been that have no mouth and lyven by odour & smellis/ & been clothed in moss & heery toftes that grow out of trees/ Other wax hoer in yongthe and wexen black in eld/ In some hills of ynde been men that have the sooles of their feet overturned and eight fingers in one hand. Tull de tust/ 9ᵒ./ In one country of ynde every man hath many wives. but when the husband is deed. the wives shall go to gyders and look which of hem was best byloved of the husband/ and she shall be buried with him and put in the earth quick and a live/ And in that country that is the fairest hap and fortune accounted and also worship that any wyf might have/ Petrus/ 19/6· In ynde hen trees that been called trees of the son and of the moan. priests that eat of the Apples of thilk trees lyven v/ C/ year/ they were called the trees of the son ffor everich of them quaked/ and shaken as son as the son beam touched his top/ and answered men that stood about. The same doing was of the trees of the mone· By these trees. the great king Alysaundre was forboden that he should never come in babylone/ Ysydorus libro/ 15/ Offyr is an Ilond of Ind their Inn is great plente of gold/ And the passage thereto out of grece is by the reed see   

¶ Capitulum duodecimum ¶ De parchia Ysid libro. 14  
YSydorus showeth that parchia that kingdom for might 〈◊〉 strength of men of that land that her name spradd 〈…〉 the lands of Assiria and media and was wont to cont●●● 〈◊〉 the land of four contreyes·s of Assiria· Media Persida and of 〈◊〉 mania/ the which londe· perchia stretcheth in length fro the Se● that is called caspius unto the Reed See/ And in breed from the river of Ind/ to the river that is called Tigris/ That is the bygynning of the land/ that is named. Mesopotonya/ Trogus libro decimo capitulo/ quynto. Perchij the men of Perchia in the language of the country of Scicia were outlawes·s and when the kingdom was taken from the men of Media to the men of Persidia/ then were the perchis as it were pray to the vyctours and were as it were unknown among men of the eeste l●ndes unto the time that men of macedonia bycam kings and lords of lands. Thenne afterward they served the Macedoyns when the macedoyns were vyctours in the eeste lands/ But at last they were partners with the Romayns and deled/ lordship with hem· These perchij useden the manners of men of Scicia▪ that put 'em out sometime. therefore her arms & weepen been fethery. swelling wits. gyleful espies ¶ Men they acounte violente· and wynmen mild. and ever they been uneasy to her owen neighbours or to strange men/ They been comynly still and lytil of speech/ more ready to do than for to speke· therefore they held prive good haps/ and bonchyef. as well as evil haps and meschyef They been obedient to their lords for dread and not for shame/ They been all disposed to lechery with their own wives/ everich of them hath many wives/ Not trespaas among them is punished so grievously as advoultrye by her law. therefore they forbidden their wives open sight. festes & company of other men· They lyven scarcely & by lytil mete· & eat no fflessh but venison. Giraldus .17. Thilk men after they left king S●lencus dwelleden under the king Arsaces·s And therefore they were called Arsacide/ That king Arsaces taught 'em first laws. he gathered knights and builded castellies/ cities and strong walled towns. And atte last Arsaces the king joined the kingdom of hyrcania to his Empire/ And so men of hyrcania longed to his empire. among the which afterward among other kings come Metridates. Metridates soon after the death of Crassus' consul of. Rome/ reigned and held the kingdom xliij yere· In the which time he died many viages and had many fair vyctoryes as it is declared within forth in his place/ Trogus libro .14/ parchij the men of Parchia been in the myddel between Scitas men of Scicia and medes men of media that land/ And Parchijs have many bondmen among them. For they been never made free. their free men riden always on horsbak· And their bondmen goon a foote· And in battle they fyghten on horse/ they goo● to prive offyce/ and to common festes·s but they teach bysyly their children to ride and to shoot. And everich of 'em by his richesse and power find to their kind horsemen in battle for to fygthe· they con not fight in common manner. ner they con not bisege castles nor strong walled towns/ they fygthe on horse running in full course and turning again/ And oft in strengest and hardyest fight/ they feign for to flee and suddenly torn/ and fight aagayn that they mow the slylyer win and slay their enemies/ In battle they use tabours and no trump. and they mow not endure long for to fight/ Not men should hem awelde and withstand if they were as strong and stalworth to endure· as they been angry and hasty to fighte· their burying is wondered ffor beestes teeren·s eten and all to halen their flesh. And they bury only but the bones   

¶ De assiri●s ysid libro .14 ¶ Capitulum/ 13/  
Take heed that Assiria hath the name of Assur· Semmes son for he was. the first that dwelled therinne after no's flood this land Assiria hath in the eest side Ind. In the south media/ In the west the River tigris and in the north the hill that is called cancasus/ there been the yates of caspye· there the hills been long and narrow/ trogus libro/ 42/ Egeus was king of Athenes/ Medus was Egeus son and followed the deeds of jason that was his own stepfader· and built the cyte of media and called the cyte Media also/ In worship of his mother that was named Medea/ that land medea hath in the north side the see/ In the eest Inde· In the west Caldea/ and in the south persida Ysid libro. 14· Persida is y named and hath the name of Perseus that conquered that londe· and made it a worthy land that was to fore unworthy· Persida hath in the est Ind. In the west the reed See In the north media/ and in the south/ Carmania. In that persida began first wicchecraft in nembroth the geants' time that after the spreding of many languages & tongues went in to Persida/ and taught men of that land to worship th●●●re and the son that is called in her language el. the Chief 〈◊〉 of that land was named Elam after Elam Semmes son. That Cyte was called afterward Elamayda/ And is now called persipolis of that Cyte speaketh holy wryt in libro macha●●●orum. And of that Cyte they had the name they were 〈◊〉 called Elamyte in Actibus Apostolorum/ Mesopotanea 〈◊〉 between Tigris in the eest side. And Eufrates in the west 〈◊〉 And beginneth out of the north between the two hills 〈◊〉 and cancasus and hath Babylone in the south side/ ¶ ysido●●● libro quinto decimo· Though baby●●nia were afterward y called a party of Caldea/ it was first so solemn that it containeth assiria/ caldea & Mesopotanea three londes·s The chief cyte of babylolonia was babylon the Cyte that Nemproth the Grant buylded· And Semeramis the queen afterward made that Cyte more Petrus Capitulo 37/ The Cyte is called babylon and the land babilonia though that one be well oft take for that other/ but the tower is called and named babel/ Ocac/ libro second. Babylon was builded as a ca●tel/ And walled with four walls square all about/ Every wall was fifty cubytes in breed and four time so moche in heygthe· ¶ The length of every wall from one corner to another was sixteen myle· the walls were all about four honderd and four score forlonge that is four and forty miles/ the walls were made of brende tile. And of glue in stead of mortar so that neither water ne fuyre might 'em shift ne depar te. ¶ In this Cyte were an Honderd yates and a diche without that was seen·s ¶ The river Eufrates ran by the myddel. of the Cyte thurghoute/ Netheles Cyrus' King of Persida took that Cyte afterward and destroyed it/ as it is afterward w●eton. ¶ Iherome saith that of the Relief of this cyte were builded two g●ete cities in Persyda/ And the place of Babilone is now wilderness and full of wild beestes·s Caldea as Cassydea hath the name of Casseth Nachor's sone· Nachor was abrahams' brother/ caldea is a gre●e kingdom besides Eufrates in Semaar a field of that kingdom the tour babel was y buyld/ josephus libro p/ That tower babel was builded two honderd lxxij/ paas high. the length somdele lass to 'em that beheld it neyghe/ For the breed was so moche. ¶ R· Somme men say that the tower was three mile high/ ¶ But Iuo Carnotensis saith in his Cronyke that this tower was five mile and almost two honderd paas high and four mile brood/ Arabia is set by south Caldea/ And hath in the eest side Persida and in the west the Reed See/ In arabia is stoor myrrh/ and canel/ and a bird that is called phenyl The northeest portion of Arabia is named Saba and is called Saba after saba Chus son. this Saba is byclypped i●●hre sides with the Reed See/ ¶ josephus libro primo. In this Arabia in the country of Madyan is·s the mount of Syna/ the mount Oreb is a party of the mount of syna/ and is high/ and hath great plenty of grass and of lose/ But it is hard to come thereto/ for high Rokkes and scars ¶ Moses' was the first man that lad thither beestes·s it is named also the mount of covenant and of drede· For god almygthy thereupon made thundering and lightning and gaf the law to the folk of Israel that were at the hill foot/ so that noman durst approach to it but he were puryfyed and made clean ¶ Trevisa/ Fenyx is a wonder bird For of all that kind is but one a live ¶/ R/ In the country of Arabia toward Circyus. is the hill that is called mons●●bani· that hill departeth three lands a sonder· Arabia· Jude & Fenys/ that hill is full high/ so that snow lieth always in some side of that hill/ And it is a certain mark and token to ship men that sayllen in the great see and leadeth 'em to diverse mowthes and havens/ it is an hill of health and plente. For Cypress cedar trees & herbs grown thereon that droppen gomme & smell sweet. by the which trees gomme and sweetness seek men been he led· and venom destroyed· Syria hath the name of Cyrus Abraham's nephew and lieth between the water Eufrates in the eest side. And the great See in the west side. And hath in the north side Armenia and capadocia/ And in the south side the see that is named Arabicus. & containeth many provinces that been Comagena/ Palestina. Fenies/ Canaan/ Idumea and judea· that is the jury. Damascus was sometime the chief Cyte of that provynce· Eleaser Abraham's servant builded and made that Cyte damascus· Raysyn king of Damask help away the ten· lygnages of Israel against the kings of juda/ Damascus is as moche to say as shedding of blood. For there Cain slow Abel and hid him in the sonde   

¶ De Regione judee ¶ Capitulum/ 14  
IVdea is a kingdom of Syria/ a party of palestina and hath the name of judas jacob's son. & was sometime called cananea of cham Noes son/ either of the ten manner of people that the jews put out of that londe· Petrus/ judea is taken in many manner/ otherwhile for the land of biheste/ And then it hath the name of the jews and of judas. And so it 'tis taken in this speech/ The great Pompeus made judea trybutaryes/ And otherwhile it is taken for the Royamme of juda· And so it is wreton of joseph. that when he heard that Archelaus reigned in judea· he dread for to go thither. And sometime it is taken only for the lot of the lineage of judas· And so speaketh holy writ/ and sayth· judea and Iherusalem dread you not. ¶ Gir· d tercia/ In this judea the land of bihest the length thereof is fro dan. to Bersabee· And Iherome saith in Epistola ad dardanum. that it is scarcely an hundred and sixty mile in lengthe· And the breed is fro joppen to Bethlehem scarcely six and forty mile of that land/ ¶ But secundum librum numerorum. judea is byclypped in this manner about And hath in the south the deed see ¶ And thenne it stretcheth forth by Sina and Cades berne unto the streme of Egypte that runneth westward in to the great See· And in the northsyde the hill that is named/ mount Taurus. And in the est the hill mount Libani/ And the beginning of the See Tyberyadis and of the streme jordan that springen at foot of mount Libany both Tiberyadis and jordan Thenne jordan runneth in to the deed see. and departeth judea and Arabia. ¶ This land judea was byhoote to our forn faders·s but not all had/ As Paul saith ad hebreos ¶ all they been deed and receiveden not the bihestes/ ¶ And so it must be. that there been two lands of biheeste earthly and ghostly: In that one is heavenly Iherusalem· and in that other earthly Iherusalem· by the which earthly Iherusalem· the heavenly Iherusalem is bitokened/ ¶ This land judea is rich and fruits. And hath plente of win and of spycerye/ Of cedres/ Of Cypress/ Of Bame Of olives/ Of pomegarnet· Of Palms of figs. Of Milk▪ and of honey/ ¶ And bath in the myddel as it were in the Navel of the earth the Cyte Iherusalem ¶ Ysydorus libro quinto Capitulo primo/ The jews seyn that Sem Noes son that is named Melchisedech also made and builded the Cyte Iherusalem after Noes flood and called it Salem/ But afterward a people that were called jebusey dwelled therinne and named it jebus/ So of thilk two names jebus and Salem is made one name Iherusalem Afterwards Solomon called that cyte Iherosolyma/ and poetes that speaken shortly callen the Cyte Solyma in her short speech/ And after that helyus Adryan the Emperor called that Cyte Helya/ and walled it and made it more about so that our lords Sepulchre that was sometime without the Cyte is now closed withynne· R/ ¶ Netheles it seemeth that Iheronimus in epistola ad evangelistan presbitum. will say that Salem Saliin that Mechisedech made and dwelled Inn/ was another Cyte than Iherusalem. there he saith that Salem is a toun beside Sicolim that yet is called Salem/ And the● in is seen the palace of Melchisedech· And thereof speaketh holy wrytte· Genesis. And saith that jacob went in to Salem the Cyte of Sychem/ that is in the ●onde of Canaan Will de/ re libro primo/ Not well is within Iherusalem but waters been gathered and kept in Cisterns/ for the Cyte is so set that it hath in the north side the mount of Zion. And is disposed that the water that falls dounward and southward with the dependaunt toward Iherusalem taketh no filth but is clean ynowgh and runneth in to the Cyte and. maketh no filth but runneth in to the cysternes as though it were lakes and well streams/ And some thereof runneth in to the brook that is called torrens Cedron· And maketh the brook torrentem Cedron wax and be well the more ¶ In the top or sommet of the mount Zion was a Ryal tower made for fairness and defence/ ¶ In the· side of mount Zion was the Temple as it were in the myddel between the tower and the Cyte/ The Cyte was lower than the tour· And therefore oft holy writ clepeth Ihrlm the daughter of zion For as a dougther is mayntened and defended by the Mother and subgette to the Mother. So the Cyte was lower and subgette to the temple and the tower also/ ¶ The great Constantynus are●ed there sometime the church of the holy Sepulchre. Mysbyleved men mysdyde never that church/ ¶ And that is as men suppose· For every year on Easter even· cometh fire fro heaven & tendeth & lighteth the lamps therein/ but when that miracle began first it is uncerteyn & unknown/ Solomon the king walled this cyte sometime with three walls all about/ netheles not only for strength/ but for distinction of dyverce manner men that dwellden therein The priests and clerks that served in the temple· ¶ And also the king and his main dwelleden within the first wall by the mount of Syon· with in the second wall dwellden Prophets and mighty men and stalworth/ so speaketh holy writ that Olda the prophetisse dwelled in Iherusalem in the second distinction. within the third dwelled the common people and men of crafte·. R. Fast by Iherusalem in the north side of the temple is the mount of Olivet for plente of olyves·s saint Augustin super Johannem calleth it the hill of crisme and of unction. the light and of fatness the hill of medecyn and of feeding For the fruit of olive is full of light liking and unctuous. And it was specially the hill and the mount of light for it was bischyne with light of the son alday/ And with light of the temple all nyght· In that hill Solomon when he wexr mad and all by shrewd for love of women he build temples and high places for maumetrye so saith holy writ/ Romanos/ 2o. .1o.. capitulo/ Out of that mount ascended Criste in to heaven/ And in that mount he shall dame the world at last/ Atte foot of that mount springeth the brook torrens cedron and runneth in to the valeyr of josaphat between the brynk of torrens cedron. and the mount was the orchard that Criste went in oft for to bid and praye· In that Orchard Criste was taken by which was a Thorpe that heet Gethsamany/ In that mount was the lytil street of preestes that height bethphage. ¶ In the side of the hill was the town of lazar Martha and Marie Mawdeleyn· that town was named Bethania/ Hug ¶ In the north side of the mount zion is the mount of Caluarye. there Criste deyde on the Road/ And is called Golgatha in the language of Syria. Golgatha is as moche to say as a bore skull/ For when thieves and mysdoers were byheded/ the heeds were left there. And so atte last the skulls wexen all bore/ ¶ Other wonders of the temple look in libro Regum. Ysidorus lio. decimo quinto/ capitulo primo Also in the Royamme of juda is the See of wilderness that is the deed See/ and from Iherusalem two Honderd furlongs that make five and twenty mile and departeth judeam/ Palestinam and Arabiam/ Ysidorus i'th' libro terc●odecimo That lake stretcheth from the end of judea not far fro Jericho unto Zores of Arabia seven Honderd forlonges and four score the which maken four score and fourten mile/ that lake is in breed an honderd and fyfthy furlonges·s and stretcheth nigh to the country of Sodoma that lake is called lacus salinarum/ for salt is made there· Also there is moche glu● in that country/ & therefore it moveth not with winds for the glue withstondeth always for water that hath glue standeth still/ and that lake sustaineth no ship ne none other matter but it be glued ¶ Petrus capitulo quinto. Nothing may undo the glue of that place but only the blood that is called sanguis menstruus/ Ysidorus libro. terciodecimo/ Hit is also cleped the deed see· For that see bringeth forth nothing that is quick and a live. so that it receiveth neither water fowls ne ffysshes so that what quick thing that dippeth therin· anon it leepeth up again and all deed things it swoloweth so far forth that a lantern with light fletyth and swymmeth· And if the light be quaint/ it dippeth down and deenchith josephus libro primo that was assayed and known in that great princes time vaspasianus by two men that londen her hands behind and were cast in there/ but anon they were cast up agayn· Ysidorus libro nono cao. tercio/ That Royame's is called pentapolis/ Also for five wicked cities that there were a dreint and y brent to ashes that were sometime more rich & more plenteous than Iherusalem. for sapphires and many other precious stones & gold also were fond among the clay of that land. As job witnesseth. visesimo quarto capitulo. ¶ But now there seemeth summer shadow and likeness of fire both in herbis and in trees for appels that there grown semen so fair and so ripe/ that who that hem seethe willeth hem for to eten/ but thilk Appels fallen anon to asshes·s as they been handled and smoken as they were a fyre· R. ¶ But there is another pentapolis in Affryca   

¶ Capitulum/ 15.  
CAnaan is a Royamme of Syria and is named canaan for canaans children were the first that dwelled therinne/ after Noes flood/ and contained/ b● nations all accursed as it were by heritage of cham no's son/ Trevisa/ Chamwas Noes son and had his faders Eurs·s for he lowhe his father to scorn when he saw his prive membrys albare & unheled while he say a sleep. R/ palestina is a province of Syria/ and that height sometime Philistea· The chief Cyte thereof height philistini· And now is named Ascalon. and after the Cyte is the province called palestina or philistea· And men of that country been called palestini & phylystei also/ For in the speech of hebrew is no· p· but in stead of/ p/ they use/ ph/ therefore philistei & palestini been all one· And be also called Allofily/ that is to say alyens and strange men· ffor they were always alyens & strange to the folk of Israel/ that province hath in the south side Egypte/ In the west Tirus/ In the north judea/ and in the e●ste ydumea/ ydumea hath the name of Edom· Edom and Ezau is all one Jacob'S brother/ that ydumea is a strong land hylly and hot and stretcheth to the reed see· ysidorus libro nono. In this ydumea is jacob's welle· that well changeth hew and colour four scythes a year/ And is three months pale as ashes/ other three months reed as blood. the thread three months green as gras· the fourth three months clear as water/ Palestina was to contain Samaria/ the chief cyte of that land was sometime called Samaria. now it is called and named Sebaste/ Samaria hath the name of the hill that is called· Summer/ And Samaria lieth between judea and Galilea/ men that dwelled in Samaria were driven out and Assirij were brought Inn/ Assirij held moyses law/ But in some things they discord fro the jews/ and also they been called Samaryte· that is to say keepers/ for when men of the land were taken. they were ordained wardeyns of 'em/ Sychem that height sichima also is a lytil land in Samaria. and hath the name of sichem Emors son that first dwelled therinne. Also there is a Cyte that height Sychem and now is called neopolis. that Cyte jacob bought sometime with money and great travayll·s and yaf it to joseph his son above his lot so saith Iherome/ Genesis octo decimo capitulo/ And this was a Cyte of refuge and of succour. so it is wreton. josue visesimo capitulo For that land. was de tribu and of the lineage of Ephraym· And th●re were joseph's bones buried after they were y brought out of egypte witness of holy wrty●●/ josue ultimo capitulo In that place joseph's brethren fedden and kept droves and flocks of bests/ But afterward abymelech jerobabels' son destroyed that place/ and slow the men that dwelled therinne. and sew salt therinne/ for the land should no more bear fruit and corn wittnes·s josue capitulo nono/ And there is jacob's well where criste rested by when he was weary of weigh & of going. galylea is a land between judea· & palestina and is double/ the over galylea/ and the neither galylea/ and joinen to gyders. And also to Syria and to Fenicia. In either galylea is good land and great plente of corn and of fruit/ great lakes and huge prouffytable and helthful. And some lake is so great and so full of ffysshe that men cheap it a see/ so the lake of Tiberiadis is called the See of Tiberiadis/ And genosar that lake is called also·s Also in the west side of the neither galilea toward the great see fast by the cyte ptholomayda that is called Acres Also is a well that torneth in to glass all metal that is cast therinne· Cedar is a land in the over side of palestina and hath the name of Cedar that dwelled therein/ that Cedar was Ishmael oldest sone· The offspring of Cedar and of Ishmael were afterward named Ismaelyte/ And also agreani more rightfully than Saraceni. For they come of Agar that was Ismaels' mother and served Sara· But afterward for pride they took wrongfully the name of Sara and called 'em self Saraceni/ Methodius These men have none house but walk in wilderness & dwell in tabernacles & in tentes·s and live by pray & by venison. these men shall sometime gader to gyders and go out of wilderness & occupy the lands about eygthe weeks of years/ that is eygthe scythes seven year. And they shall overturn cities and towns & slay preestes and defowle clerks and holy places and teye her beestes to tombs of holy saints that shall bifall for wickedness of evil living of Cristen men/ R this doing seemeth fulfilled in the last time of Eraclius th emperour. when that false prophet machometus occupied Persida· and made Egypt and affryca subgette· and written and brought in the falls law and sect of Sarasyns/ as it is Innermore plain wreton after heraclius time Fenicia is a land in the which is contained two londis tirus & sidon & hath in the est side/ arabia· In the south side the Reed See In the north the mount libani/ and in the west the great see· Ysid libro. 2 ca· 5. Phenyx· Agenoris son bitoke reed lettres to the phenyces that been men of fenicia and therefore that colour was called phenyceus· And afterward the letter changed/ and that was called punyceus that is reed/ hug C/ fenix/ for phenyces were first fynders of lettres. yet▪ we write capitael lettres with reed colour in token and mind that phenyces were first fynders of lettres   

¶ Capitulum/ 16/  
EGipte hath the name of egypte danays brother/ and hight sometime Aeria and hath in the eest. side the reed se●· in the south the river Nilus. and blac men. In the north the great see and the over party of Syria/ and in the west libia/ Egypte is zelde beraynd. and hath water and moisture only of the river nylus/ and is rich of corn of fruit and of Marchandyse· Petrus capitulo· 94 ¶ Egypte against kind of other lands when it hath plente of corn. it is bareyn of pasture· And grass groweth afterward in tyme. There been Cocodrylly and ypotamy also that been water horses. Egypt hath in the ceste side a great wilderness and dyverce manner beestes wonderly shape· and in the west canopea/ the which Ilond is the end of Egypt/ and beginning of libya. there is the mouth of Nilus. for there Nilus falls in to the great see. R· Though men rede in books that Nilus that is named gyon runneth out of Paradyse/ Yet it is said that Nilus springeth up in the west end of Ethiopia not far from the hill that is named Mons. Athlas/ And then nylus goth for●h about Ethiopia and down in to Egypte and overfloweth the plain countries of Egypt. and by cause of slime that runneth therewith it maketh the land fat and good to here corn and fruit. so saith jerome upon the prophet Amos by goddess owen ordenaunce· Nilus overfloweth and watereth all the land of Egypte/ For heepes of gravel stop his course that it may not lyg●tly fall in to the great see· But after that it hath so biflowe & watered the land the heepes of gravel depart and fall/ And then the water falls in to the channel again and runneth in to the great see. Netheles. Ysid saith libro 13/ that nylus is driven again and let●e of his course with the northern wynde· And so the water swelleth floweth and waxeth grete· But beda in libro de naturis saith that the northern wind blowith in may and stopped the course of the water of Nilus with heepes of gravel and so the water ariseth and overfloweth the land/ But when the wind ceseth the gravel to shedeth and the water falls in to the channel and so runneth dounward in to the great see   

¶ Capitulum. 17/  
TEre take heed of two lands that each of hem is named Scicia/ the over is in Asia/ and the neither is in Europa. The over Scicia is a great land in the north/ and hath moche wilderness by cause of great cold and chele and stretcheth sometime estward unto Ind/ northward toward oecean/ And southward to the hill caucasus And westward unto Germania but now it is made lass and endeth in the west side to hircania/ in the which land been the hills Iperborey. great gripes·s gold & smaragdes. and other precious stones·s Trogus libro secundo Thilk men destyngeth not neither mark her fields by bounds/ ne by dyches they have none house for to dwell in· their wives and her children they lede in cartes·s and they been clothed in wild beestes skins. woollen clotheses use they none· they live by milk and by honey. they recche not of gold ne of Silver they make nothing that they dread to lose/ they account no trespaas greater than Robbery/ their men of war and vyctours desire nothing but worship· they were never subget yet to any man. They overcame vesor the king of Egypte in war and battle/ they chased and feared darius the king of Perce/ and made him flee/ They sloughe Cyrus the king also/ they destroyed Zephirona and his riches/ Zephirona was the great Alysaunders Capytayn. thrice they conquered asia· and asia was afterward to hem a thousand & five honderd year/ the men of this people be by 'em self/ And the women by themself· Also they made kingdoms of dyverce lands. the men made of perchia and bactria· And the women of Amasonia kingdoms mighty and strong/ And so it is among hem uncertain and unknown whether is more worthy and more noble in nature and kynde· men or women. In the first journey in asia after that they had driven chased and poursewed vasor the king of Egypt. In the turning again they abode/ xv. year for to make peace in asia. But wives made great pleyntes and sorrow that her husbondes were so long from home/ and so the men were sent fore and turned home/ and dwelled with their wives. In the second journey the men were by treason slain/ & the wives took great wretch of the enemies/ In the third journey the men were out and absent four years together. And the wives wedded her own servants and bond men that were left at home for keeping of beestes But when her lords and husbondes had the victory/ and turned home again/ the wives & the new husbondes gathered 'em to geders and arrayed 'em in a great battle to fight again their old lords and husbondes that were coming homeward/ and when they met to gyders Fortune was unstable and unstedfaste one's with that one side and eft with that other that the lords bithought 'em and concluded to fight other wise with their own land men than with their enemies of strange lands/ And cast away her owen Armour and weepen of knygthes. and bore whips in her hands. And so feered the churls and the false wives that had broken their wedlock that they had shameful death. for some were slain with iron and some were hanged full high/ After this journey was peace in Scicia unto the time of darius king of Persida/ then darius was overcome of the Scytes men of Scicia· And in the turning homeward he overcome macedones that been men of macedonia of that land. And warred upon Athenienses men of Athenes/ Bactria is a land that cham Noes son dwelled first in/ And stretcheth fro the See Caspius unto the river of Inde· And hath in the west side the mount cancasus and in the south perchia This hill cancasus is lengest of all the eest hills and most famous/ and stretcheth fro the ends of Ind unto the hill that is named mount Taurus/ So that mount Taurus and cancasus is contained all one hill. but some men say that the west side of cancasus that is toward Armenia/ is. and heyte mount Taurus/ That mount cancasus hath in the north side the see that is named caspius and hircania that land. And in the south side perchia and assiria and babilon/ That hill by cause it stretcheth to diverse countries & lands hath many and diverse names·s that hill is highest on the eest side/ And for whytnes of snow that lieth always theron· it is called mons cancasus. that is to say the white hill. ¶ Albertus saith that hill is so high that men that dwell thereby seen the son beam in the west side three hours within night And so many hours to fore the day in the eest side of the hille· Hyrcania that land hath in the eest side the See caspius. In the south Armenia/ In the north Albania/ And in the west Iberia that lond· And lieth by the side of the mount cancasus/ and hath the name of that wood that is called hyrcania. In that land been diverse wild beestes and fowls. Tigris that beeste and pantera also/ That land is wide and large/ and hath xliiij manner men/ Somme tyllen land. And some lyven by huntyng· And some eten man's flesshe· there been birds that been called hircane: her feathers shynen by nyght· ¶ Iberia that land lieth under mount Taurus/ and lieth westward fast by pontus/ & joineth to armenie/ albania that land hath in the est side the see caspius and stretcheth dounward by the mouths of the north Ocean unto the waters that been named meotydes/ And the men of that land been born with white here and with yellow eyen y peynted/ And seen better by night than by day. The hounds of that land been so great so grim and so strong that they throw down bulls & sleen lions One of thilk hounds was sent to king Alysaunder and fought with in lists with· a lion and an Olyphaunt and with a wild boor. and had the maystrye Gotha is the neither party of Scicia toward Circiun· to that land Gotha lieth that Ilonde Goclandia that Ilond hath plente of all manner merchandise/ And hath in the north side dacia/ and in the south side/ Ocean And is cleped gothia of gos japhets' son the men of that country been redylyer called gothy than gogy/ And been right strong men great grim. and sturne & of hem come the dacies in Europa Setuly in Affryca Amazones in asya/ Armenia that is called also Ararath/ Ararath hath the name of Armenyus jasons knight/ the which Armenius when he had y lost jason his king of thessalia/ he gathered knygthes that royled about/ and took Armenia/ and dwelled therin· that land stretcheth to the mount Taurus/ And Cancasus from the See caspius unto Capadocia and hath in length. xj· C/ thousand paas And in breed. seven/ C· mile. there is that hill mount Ararath/ there no's ship abode after no's flood/ And there be two Armenyes the more. and the lass. the overer and the neither/ And so been two panonyes also/   

¶ Capitulum· 18/  
CApadocia that land nouryssheth and feedeth many horses. & hath in the eest side Armenya/ In the west Asia the lass In the north Amazonya/ And in the south mount Taurus. there by lieth Scicilia and Isauria unto the see Sylycus that stretcheth toward the Ilond of Cyprus/ The alas Asia joineth to capadocia in the eest side/ And is byclypped and closed in the other sides with the great See· For it hath in the north side that mouth and see that is called Ensinus/ In the west the mouth and See propontydes. & in the south the see of Egypte· This lass Asia containeth many provinces and lands/ For first in the north side it containeth bythinia in the beginning upon the See against Tracia/ and is named also the more ffrigia· The chief cyte of bythinia is named Nychomedia. Thenne is galathia and hath the name of men that were Galley that come atte prayer of the king of Bithynia to help him in his warris and dwelled in that land galathia· but though that land was called gallogrecia/ ¶ And the men of that land gallogreci as men meddled of galleys and of grecis. But now they been called galathe. and to hem Poule writeth his epistle and Galathas· ¶ The thyrdde is the lass ffrigia· And hath the name of frigia Europa's dougther/ Agenor's dougther/ & that frigia was named dardania also of dardanius jupyters son in that land is the cyte of troy that is named Ilium also Troy is named after troos erictonius son that was dardanius son that was Jupiter'S son ¶ That land hath in the eest side lidia/ and in the west the mowth and the See Elespontus The fourth is lidia/ and is in the eest side of the eeste ffrigia/ ¶ In that lidia reigned sometime the rich king Croesus. But when that land was to lytil for two brethren that were kings that hight lyddus and Tirenus. it happened by lot that Tirenus went out with many men and gate him a land in the over party of Galya/ and called his land Tirea/ It seemeth that the See Tyrenus hath the name of this king Tirenus as the land lidia hath the name of his brother liddus. The chief Cyte of lidia is called smyrma to that cyte saint johan evangelist writeth in thapocalypse/ the chief river of lidia is named pactolus and bringeth forth golden gravel as poetes tellen/ The fythe province of the lass Asia is called pamphilias and Isauria also· the chief cyte of that land is namod Selencia. that cyte selencus. Anthyochus builded and arered· Thenne is Scilicia· and containeth licia/ and that is called licaonia therein were noble cytres lystris and derben as it is wreton in Actibus apostolorum By thilk cities men sail out of Syria to Italya/ But the chief cyte of all these was Tharsis dounward toward the See Amasonia that land is some in Asia. And some in Eur●pa and is nigh to Albania· The first Amazones were the wives of goths that took wrecche of her husbondes death that were traytourly slain. For they took prays and slow men and saved women. and lived long without husbondes·s And afterward made 'em two queens/ that one lad the Ooste and mayntened the warre· And warred fast▪ That other queen was at home and reuled the land and governed the people at home. And these women held under hand a great deal of Asia about an honderd year/ And atte last these women would have childeren· And took husbondes of the next countries aboute· And certain times let their husbondes lie by them· and certain times abstained them  
¶ But they slew all the men children/ And saved the maid children/ And taught 'em for to shote· And to do deeds of Arms & of chivalry. And for great breasts should not let 'em to shoot/ of every maid of seven year old they brent of the right breast. And therefore they were called urimamme. that is to say brent breasts/ And they were named Amazones that is to say without breast. Hercules was the first that chastised the ill disposition of these women/ And then Achilles/ And atte last the great Alysaunder/ And though ysid eth· 14. saith that the great Alysander destroyed Amazones/ netheles the story of ¶ Alysaundre saith that when king Alysaunder axed of 'em tribute. Thalestrys the queen of Amasones written to king alysander in this maner· ¶ Of thy wit is wonder that thou desirest to fygthe with women. For if fortune favour us/ And thou be overcome it shall be great shame and vylonye when thou art overcome of women/ and if our gods be wroth with us and thou overcome us for to win the maystrye of women/ thou getest but lytil worship/ ¶ King Alysander was pleased with this and granted 'em freedom/ and said women must be overcome with fairness/ and love and not with steornes and dread/ ¶ Trogus bbro/ 2/ This queen Thalestrys after that she had been king Alysaunders leman forty days she turned again in to her owen land/ And afterward in short time fell in with her owen people   

¶ De Affryca et eius provyncijs ysid libro 14 Capitulum/ 19  
Alle Auctores of. histories witness that affryca hath the name of affer Madians son abrahams son that was gotten on Cethura. Affryca stretcheth forth from the ends of Egypt by the south by the neither Ethiopia unto the hill of Athlas/ And is closed in with the great see both in the eeste side & in the north side also/ & hath in the west side the west Ocean/ R. josephus libro primo capitulo octavo· And Ysidorus libro nono/ sayen that this Affer lad his ooste toward libia·s and overcome his enemies by the help of the more hercules and named the men and the land after his own name Affryca. hercules wedded ethea affer's daughter and gate on her dederym. Of dederym came pharon· This Affryca containeth many provinces and lands/ first it conteneth the west deal of Ethiopia· then libia. tripolis getula· numidia. and two maritania/ Of all these now by order is our speech. Ethiopia hath three parties the first is hylly and montuous. and stretcheth fro the mount Atlas unto/ Egypte/ The myddel party is full of gravel. The thyrdde that is the eest party is almost all wilderness that party is between the south ocean and the river Nilus And hath the Reed see in the eest side/ And heyte Ethiopia of the colour & hew of the men of the land that len blac men. & is for the great brennynng & heet of the son. which is to hem full nigh/ In Ethiopia been many diverse people wonderly and grisly y shapen/ some are named goromantes and some trogodyte which been swyftyer than hearts/ And some curse the son for his great heat. Somme eat serpents and address/ somme hunt lions and panters. Somme dig caves and dens and dwell under earth and make her noise with grunting and chirking of teth·s more than with voys of the throat ¶ Some go naked and do no work/ Somme without heeds and have mouth and eyen in the breest/ Among some of 'em been four footed beestes without eeres/ And Olyfantes' also. Somme of 'em have on hound for her king and dyvyneth by moving and styring of hym· somme live only by honysoukles y dreyd with smoke or with the sonne· There been also cameleons and basylyscus· unycornes camels·s pardes and dragons that have in her brain and heeds many precious stones/ chameleon is a flekked best in colour like to a lupaerd. and so is pardus and panthera also & somdele of the kind But pantera is friend to all manner beestes sauf to the dragon alone. For him be hateth as deth· ¶ Basylyscus is king of serpents that with smell and sight sleeth beestes and fowles·s ysid libro terciodecimo In Affryca among the people that been called trogodyte is a well that maketh 'em that drink thereof to have good voys shryer and clear. Also among the other people garamantes is a well all the day so cold that noman may drink therof· And all the night it is so hot that noman may touch. ¶ Libya Cirenensis that land hath in the eeste side Egypte· In the south Ethiopia/ In the west the perilous place of the see that is call●d the more Cirtes and tragoditas also/ And in the north the great see 〈◊〉 libro quinto saith that libya hath the name of that 〈…〉 named lib●s and is the wind that bloweth out of Affryca 〈◊〉 libya hath the name of libya Epaphies daughter. that Epaphye was jupytres son. ¶ That woman libia reigned in that land libia. And the people of that land height phutey of phut chames son/ Tripolitana that region hath in the eest side arras philenorn the antres and winds of that people that been set between the people trogodyte and the more Syrtes. Syrthes maiores been perilous places fast by the gravelly see that is named mare Arenosum ¶ And Tripolitana hath in the south side getulos and garamantes that stretcheth unto the Ocean of Egypt. and hath in the west side bisancium unto the lake that is called lacus salmarum/ And in the north side he hath the see of myddel erthe· and the perilous place that is called sirtes minores/ the alas sirtes·s Getula is the myddel land of Affryca and hath the name of gethes that folk of the gothes·s And in an Omely saint Gregory saith that thilk men have no ffysshers   

¶ Capitulum 20·  
NVmidia hath in the eeste side Sirtes minores the lass Sirtes a perilous place in the see. In the south Ethiopia: In the west mauritania· And in the north the see Siculus In that is Ruscida and Cartago the great Cyte that was in this manner arered and build as auctors tellen ysidorus libro quinto decimo/ capitulo tercio decimo/ Fenyces men of fenycia that land went fro the reed see and builded these cities first in Syria they build Sydon· and Tirus In affryca utyca· In boecia thebe· and in the mouth of the west ocean gades/ for in old time the Fenyces were greet merchants and passed in to diverse lands with merchandise that they brought and received therefore land and place to build on cities and towns ¶ Trogus libro octo decimo/ Dido which was named elissa all so went out of Fenycea wtth a great company of yonglynges choose/ And sailed first in to Cyprus/ And there this womman Dido took with her four ●●re maidens for to bring forth children/ And come in to Affryca/ And there for ease and rest of her men that were weary of saylling she bought as moche land as she might beclyppe with an Ox's hyde· And kytte the hide unto a 〈…〉 was full long and small. And beelypte there with 〈…〉/ And cleped it birsa that is a thwonge ¶ Ysidorus libro quintodecimo. ¶ Or cartada that was a new toun/ After the name was changed and the place called cartago. And thus Cartago was y buyld lxxij year to fore the cyte of Rome ¶ R Papias saith the same/ And histories tell that Rome was build the fourth year of Achas king of juda/ then if we acounte redyly and put to guider four year of Achas/ xuj year of jonathas and lij year of Ozias that/ reigned to fore Achas it foleweth that Cartago was founded about the fyrse year of Ozias the king/ Netheles ysid li/ 5 eth· & magister in historia scolastica sayen as it seemeth that Cartago was founded about the xxxiiij year of king david/ Marianus saith that Cartago was build about the iiij year of amazias king of juda/ then it may not stand that virgilius and frigius dares in his histori of the battle. of Troy seyn that aeneas saw that woman dido For aeneas was deed three honderd year & more ere cartago was founded that dido founded or there was another dido and older than she/ or Cartago was rather build/ Therefore saint austyn libro ·p· confessionum saith that wise men denyen that aeneas saw cartago/ or dido that womman/ Therefore Orosius li/ quarto. saith that Cartago is all about/ xxij/ M. paas ● and every wall is. xl· cubits high/ and/ thirty/ foot brood/ and the Cyte is byclypped with the see well nigh all about out take faucibus that iij·M were opened. Mauritana is the name of two lands/ the first cezarencis that hath in the est side numidia In the south the gravel of the Occean· In the west the river malua. & in the north the gewies of the great See/ Tyngytina is the last province of affryca/ and hath in the eeste side the river malua/ In the north the see gadytanus/ In the west the hill Atlas & the see ocean Mauritania· hath the name of mauron that is blac as it were the country of black men/ In this affryca is the hill Atlas in the west side and end not far from ocean. And Atlas is so high over other hills that lewd men weenen that it retcheth to the moan. there is oft by night y seen/ fire fami and Saturi which been spirits of thayer diversly showed Also there is oft herd tymbres pipes and tromps/ Augustinus de civitate dei/ l●/18 Atlas was an astronomyen promotheus brother/ therefore some feynen that Atlas beareth heaven. And of this man Atlas the hill hath his name and is called athlas also· And it is so high that lewd men ween that it beareth heaven ¶ Take heed that pump ni punici & punyces also been called ffenices affri & cartaginenses as they were men of Fenycea of Affryca or of Cartago/  
For that woman dido that founded Cartago was a comeling and come fro Fenycea   

¶ De Europa et eius partibus ¶ Capitulum 21  
YSidorus libro quarto saith that Europa hath the name of Europa Agenor's daughter king of libya and jupiter king of Creta ravished Europa Agenor's daughter. But this Europa is the thyrdde deal of this wide world/ And beginneth fro the river thanay. and the water meotydes and stretcheth dounward by the north Ocean unto the ends of spain atte ylond Gades. & is byclypped by eest & also by south with the great see. In Europa been many provinces and Ilondes the which now shall be described/ But first take heed that in the north side of the world/ the water meotydes and the river thanays depart a sunder the more Asia and europa/ the river thanays hath the name of thanas the first king of Scicia/ that river thanays beginneth fro the hills ripheiss and goth down in to the see of myddelerthe/ ysidorus libro quartodecimo. the lower scicia/ that land is full of cold· and beginneth from the river thanays and stretcheth between the river danubius and the north Ocean unto the germania that country. Alama is a party of the lower Scicia And stretcheth somdele fro the waters meotydes toward dacian/ misia that land is closed in the northeest with the mouth of danubius and joineth in the southeest to Tracia/ And in the south to macedonia/ In the west to histria. and in the south west to dalmacia/ Misia is a good land of corn and of wheat/ therefore the old cereris called it a berne· Sclavia is a party of Misia. ¶ there been also two lands either is named Sclavia· the more is named properlych Sclavonia and containeth some ofDalmacia/ and Sarmatas and hath wild men. And See thieves/ ¶ The lass Sclavia stretcheth fro wandalia and bohemia unto Saxone/ And therinne been more mild men and people Pannonia hath the name of penninis Alpibus/ that been hills that are called Alpes. And thilk hills depart pannonia & ytalia/ there is another pannonia beyond the waters meotydes in the yonder scicia out of the more pamnonia hinny went an honting and passed long by marreys and waters & followed the trace of hearts as Erodotus saith/ and so atte last they fond the lass pannonia and turned home again/ and took with· 'em great strength and came again in to the lass pannonia and put out the men that were therinne/ And called the land hongaria But a party thereof is named bulgaria/ And hath in the eest side Misia/ In the south eeste histria. In the west Alpes the hills that so be named ¶ In the west gallia belgyca that is France/ And in the north that river Danubius and Germania that land This land Bulgaria hath veins of gold and hills in the which men dig marble and salt good at best/   

¶ Degrecia et eius provincijs. ¶ Capitulum 22  
AVctours tellen that Grece with the provinces thereof is lady of kingdoms noryce of knighthood and of chivalry/ Mother of philosophy fyndar and master of Arte. and of science And hath the name of one grecus that reigned there sometime/ Netheles that land is called comynly Ilyricus/ ¶ The men thereof been called greci/ Graij· Achei. Achim/ Argini·. Acciti. Jove's jonij and Ellenes ¶ But when the great constantin made constantinopolim the chief cyte of th'empire of rome Thenne were the Greeks called Romanij/ as it were men of new Rome so saith Rabanus ¶ And unto this ●aye the Greeks be but Romayses. And were sometime stalworth. orped/ and best men of Arms and natheles subget to laws ¶ Ysidorus/ d. Capitulo/ 17 ¶ In this land was sometime the study/ and the Scole of Pallas and minerua· of grettese Arte and seyence of knighthood and of chivalry ¶ And the clergy and the chivalry held so to geders that in the common prouffyte was alway good speed/ ¶ And the old Graij adventured and gate many things by clergy and deeds of Arms/ But that virtue keled and withdrowhe in 'em that came afterward and passed from the Greeks to the Latyns. So that to fore where wells/ were been now but lakes. or more verily dry channels without water For now they hold synonies feigning ulyxes gyle/ atrenis cruelness and fight with sleyghte and with cawtelis and not with Armure and weepen/ This land Grecia is fast by the great see· & containeth many provinces that been Tracia/ lacedimonia/ Macedonia. Achaia Archadia· Thessalia. elladia and boecia/ tracia is called epyrus also for epyrote dwell lid therein and hath in the south side the see Egyus/ In the west Macedonia/ In Macedonia dwelled sometime diverse men that hyghte massagete sarinate and gothy. ysid libo./ 15/ In this land is a well that quenchyth brenning brondes·s & tendeth brands that be acquenched. The chief cyte of this land is constantinopolis in the est side openly y seen between the two seas ponticus & propontydes/ and openly y seen out of water and of land And was sometime the chief Cyte of the eeste/ right as Rome was of the west/ and higthe sometime Bisancium/ of this Cyt● W/ libro quarto Regum speaketh in this manner The great constantinus builded and made this Cyte even and peer to Rome/ and deemed that the emperor should not be the chief the apostlis were chief and namely y crowned// And he brought also many relyquyes of holy seyntes that might help against their enemies/ images of false gods and tripodes delphycos that were Appollynes' images he brought to be scorned and spite to them that beheld 'em and saw. So this Emperor vouched sauf to bylde· the chief Cyte of th'empire in good corn countree· where there is good temprure of heaven and of weder beside the land Misia that hath great plenty of corn and fruit That Cyte is y seen and showed to all shipmen that sayllen thyderward out of what land that they come of Asia and of Europa· And is well nigh byclypped all about with the great see and is cornered within the clipping of the walls fast by the see sydr. And is byclypped with a wall of twenty thousand paas. therewith heepes and huppels of stones and of gravel cast in to the see besides the cyte/ the land is eched and made more· Also the river danubius that is called hister also is y lete and y lad in to dyverce places of the Cyte by goters undrr earth ¶ In this manner when the water shall run in to the cyte men take out a bar that the water is stopped with. and let the water run/ and stoppen when hem liken/ And so Danubius findeth water enough to an hundred stretes·s In this cyte constantinus arered & builded two famous churches but justinianus the emperor builded afterward the third church in worship of Divina Sophia that is our lord Criste that Agia calleth divina sophya· in Englysshe the wisdom of god. And men tell that the work passeth all the building of the world. And is more noble than men can telle· ¶ thither brought saint helen the holy cross that our lord Criste deyde on. There resten thappostles Andrew and james that was called frater domini/ In Englysshe our lords brother/ there rests Mathias and Prophets also. Helyseus samuel. and Daniel. and also luke the evangelist and martyrs full many/ also confessors johan with the golden mowth/ vasyleus and gregorius Nasasenus and virgins Agatha and Lucia/ Lacedomonia that height spartanya/ also· is a province of grecia fast besides Tracia/ Men of that province been called lacedomones of lacedomon Semelis son/ and been called spartani also· Trogus libro 3 ¶ These men sometime besieged the Cyte Mesena ten year to guider/ And were weary and aggrieved of pleyntes and of grucching of her wives/ And dread also that long abiding from home in war and in battle should make 'em children at home/ And ordained therefore that maidens of her land should take yonglynges everich after other· For they hoped to have the serenger children if every womman assayed many men/ ¶ But for the shameful doing of the moders the children that were gotten and brought forth in that manner were called spartani· And when they were. xxx· year old they dread the sore of need and of meschyef· For none of them wist who was his own father therefore they take 'em a leder and a capitain one phalantis Aracius son/ And took no leave of her Mode●s· but. went forth and were cast● hither and thither by diverse fortunes/ And atte last came in to ytalya. and droof out the men that dwelled there/ And made the chief Cyte Artarentum. macedonia hath the name of macedo deucalyons nephew. And was called sometime Emathya of Emathyus the king/ that hath in the eese side the see egeus/ In the south achaia/ In the west dalmacia/ and in the north misia/ In this province is the hill mons olympus & departeth two lands Tracia· and Macedonia. Petrus ca/ 3· The hill passeth the clouds in the upprist of that hill come no clouds rain ne wind/ upon that hill lettres that were wreton in powdrr were founden without hurting or wemme at yeris end so fowls may not live there For the air is to clear ¶ And philosophers may not dwell there to learn the course of the stars without sponges watered and held at her nose thirles to make thycker the Air. that they draw to coal with her herte· ¶ There is also mons athos that retcheth to the cloude● the shadow of that hill arecheth to the Ilond lempnum. That Ilond is from that hill/ lxx myle· ¶ Dalmacia that land hath in the eest side Macedonia. In the west histria. In the north Misia. And in the south the See Adryaticus/ Achia hath the name of Acheus the king. And is well neyghe an ylond closed in the see· For it hath in the eeste side the see Tirenus· And in the north the see Creticus/ In the south the see jonius And only in the ● west it joineth to Macedonia and to Attica· The chief cyte of that land is named Corinthus/ there king Alysaunder gathered his host for to win all the world. thither paul written his pistel ad corintheos/ archadia that heygte Scicionia also & hath the name of Archas jupiter's son/ and is an angle or a corner of Achaia & lieth bttwene the two seas jonius and egens and is shapen as a plain leef· there in is albeston that ● will never quench be it once set a fyre· there been also white Ousels though Ousels be black among us there been white ¶ Thessalia joineth in the southsyde to Macedonia/ And was sometime Achilles country. And there began laphyte/ thilk men chastised and tamed horses first with bridles/ and sat on her backs/ therefore the lewd people supposed that it had. be all one body man and horse that they sat upon/ ¶ And therefore an hundred horsemen of thessalia were called Centauri· that name is gathered of twain of Centum that is an honderd and aura that is the wynde· And so that name was to hem given Centauri/ as it were an honderd wind waggers/ for they wagged the wind fast in her reading ¶ Trogus/ li. 14 ¶ In this province is the hill pernasus Poetes acounte that hill noble and famous and hangs with two copped stones/ In the top thereof is the temple of Delphicus appollyn. & in the wending of the myddel plain is a pit/ out of that pit philosophers were euspired/ And diverse answers/ were yeven out of that pit. Therefore if noise of men or of tromps sownen in a valeye/ the stones answer everich other. ¶ And diverse echo swooned/ ¶ Echo is rebounding of noise Ysidorus libro tercio decimo In this province been two rivers. sheep that drink of that one shall wax blac/ and sheep that drink of that other shall wax white/ And if they drink of both they shall wax splekked of diverse colour/ Also in this province been thylk liking places to walk in that philosophres & poetes callen tempore florida· that is liking place with flowers/ Of this place written theodolus and ovidius/ ¶ Also in this province was the thyrdd particular flood and fill in deucalyons time prince of that land/ that Prince saved men that fled to him in ships and boots/ Therefore poetes feigned that he and his wyf pirra cast stones and made men/ ¶ Elladia that land hath the name ellena the king that was/ deuo●lyons son and pirras also  
Of this Ellena the greeks were called ellenes·s This land is named Attyca also of Athys that was gravius dougther· and lieth between Macedonia and Achaya/ and joineth in the north side to Archadia· This land is very grecia/ and hath two parties Boecia is that one. And peloponensis is that other/ The chief Cyte of this land is called Athenes/ there was sometime a great study of lecture and of clergy/ And men of all nations and lands come thither for to learn Athenes that Cyte was build in this manner. Aug/ de/ ci/ li/ 18 ¶ That time that Egypte was sme●on with god almyghtyes wretthe under moyses hand some Egypciens dread best Egypte should be lost/ And fled out of Egypte to other lands/ And so Cicrops fled out of Egypte in to Grecia/ And there he builded the Cyte of Attenes that was called afterward Athenes·s In this manner as barr● seyth· An Olive was suddenly seen in that Cyte Attenes·s And a water braake out suddenly in an another place/ ¶ Thenne Cycrops axed counseyl of Appolyn· delphycus a maumete in the mount pernasus/ and axed what these should be to mean/ And be answered & said that the olive bitokened the goddess min●rua And the water betokened Neptunus'/ And said that it was in power and choice of cyteseyns after whether of the ·ij. gods the Cyte should be named/ therefore the Cytezeyns both men & wommen gathered hem to gyders as it was the manere that tyme· that both men and women should come to common counsel/ Thenne in that counseyl men yaf the doom for neptunus and women for Minerva/ And for theridamas was one womman moo than men/ Mynerua had the. maistrye. And the Cyte was called by her name Athene. for mynerua in the speech of grue is called Athena Thenne was Neptunus' wrath wood & made the floden of the see tarise & overflow & he'll the lands of them of athenes as devils may lightly do such chekkes. Thenne for to please 〈…〉 for to abate his wrath & his anger women were punished b● double pain/ that one was that no woman should afterward come in common counseyl ¶ That other pain was that no child should afterward bear his mod●es name· ¶ To that province Ellaida lieth Ele●pontus the great mouth· of the great see and hath the name· of elle ffryxus sister that fled the malice and the pursiewte of her stepdame and was drowned in that mouth and see· And for that hap/ ●hat see and the land about is named after ell Elespontus ¶ Varro. saith that fast besides that place been men that he'll smyting of serpents with touch and with spotyl. Trogus libro secundo ¶ Athemensis men of athenes used first craft of wool of wine and of oil/ and taught to eere and sow/ and to eat acorns/ they florysshed first in lore of clergy and of law/ ¶ The first king of that land height Cycrops/ after him come granus that height Granans' also· Thenne his son Athys yaf his name to that land and cleped it after himself Atheniensis/ ¶ Thenne after Athys reigned Amphygyonydes In his time wa● the great flood in thessalia/ Thenne afterward the kingdom descended to Erictonius· After him reigned egeus. & after him his son theseus/ The theseus son of demophon/ he help the greeks against the trojans Boecia ¶ Ox land that name of bos/ that is an oxe· when Cadmus Agenores' son at his father's hest sought his sister Europa that jupiter had ravished & might not find her he dread his faders wratthe And he could none other rede but fledde· as an outlaw/ It happened that he followed the foot of an ox. and fond the place that the ox say in. and called it Boecia/ And builded there the cyte thebe· In that Cyte bella Civilia debanuerunt/ and there was apollo born and hercules in thylk more thebanus also/ ¶ In that land is a lake wondered and wode· For who that drinketh there of shal· brenne in wodenes of lecherye· there been also two wellx in that land. who that drinketh of that one he shall be foryetful. And who that drinketh of that other· he shall have good mind/ ¶ Petrus· take heed that men of thebe in egypte are called thebei/ And men of thebe that is in grecia are called thebani/ and the men of thebe in judea been called thebyt●   

¶ Capitalum/ 23/  
YSydorus libro quartodecimo. we rede in stories that greeks dwelled sometime in Italia/ and called that land the great grecia that land height sometime hesperya of hespera the star that lad the greeks when they saylled thither and was her lodesterre· hespera that is venus. Afterwards that land height saturnia of saturnus that dwelled there/ For saturnus hid himself there in that land for dread of his own son jupiter. And called that land lacium/ that is saturnus hydles·s After that that land hyghte ¶ Eusonia of eusonius ulixes sone· But ate last that land was called ytalya of Italus rege siculorum king of Scicilia. And is the noblest province of all Europa. And is closed in the north side with the mouth and see Tirenus· And in the west with the sides of the hills that height Alpes. Out of thilk hills springen three the noblest Rivers of all Europa/ that been called the river danubius· and rone· ysid libro tercio decimo ¶ In this Italia is Cetheroes well that heleth sore eyen. there is also the lake clitorius who that drinketh of that lake no win shall him grieve/ ¶ Plenius libro secundo capitulo o●todecimo. ¶ Fast by the hills that been called Alpes Apennini is that well Novacius that welleth and springeth in the hoot summer and dry/ and fordryeth in cold winter and wet ¶ Trevisa Alpes Appennini that been penitus hills/ Hannibal was a great duke & heygthe penitus also & went by Alpes to Rome. therefore of the two names Alpes & penitus is that one name shortly made appennini. And so been many lettres left of the two/ ¶ Paulus libro secundo In this Italia been many provinces and lands that been called Calabria Apulia Campania/ Beneventana/ Tuscia/ Emilia liguria lumbardia/ calabria/ Apulia is a part of Italia· And lieth estward upon the see. And is departed from the Ilond Scicilia with an arm of the see· Greeks were the first that builded therinne. the chief thereof is brondus●um/ and hath the name of that word of grue brunca/ that is an hearts heed. For the Cyte is shapen as an hearts heed/ fro thence men sail to the holy londe· ¶ In this land Apulia been hot wellx & holsom·s The more com●ania is a land in the myddel between the demesnes of Rome and Apulia. the chief cyte thereof is Capna and hath that name of Capacitas. that is ableness to receive and to take/ For that cyte receiveth and taketh enough of all plente· and is counted the thyrdde cyte after the most famous cytes Rome and Cartago. In that land been famous cities Nothelis and puteolis. there been vyrgyls baths that were sometime in great worship/ But there is another lass campania in gallia senosenci/ that is ffruunce· The chief cyte of that campania is called Trecas and Trecensis also. that is Troy's in Champayn/ R In this Italia were sometime diverse lords everich after other that were greeks/ janus Saturnus/ Italus. Aeneas and his offspring and afterward galley senosences that been ffrensshe men under duke Brenius Thenne afterward about the year of Grace four honderd Gothy hynny wandaly atte last under the year of grace/ five honderd/. eight and forty. ¶ In the prince time justinus Narcencartularius prayed longobardy for to come in to Italia & of the longobardy yet to this day to hither side of ytalia from Alpes well nigh to Rome beyghte lombardia How longobardy came to that name. Paulus/ Romanus dyaconus in primo libro history longobard/ saith in this manner wynnyli that hight longobardi also and. have the name of her long beards went with two dukes Ibor and Ayon and her mother Gambara that was full ready and wise out of scandinavia an Ilond of Germania in the northsyde. ¶ this scandinania is y called an ylond not for it is in the see/ But for in the plain of the· brynkes. it is always wasshen with wawes/ Out thereof went winnily and warrayed in scormyga & overcome the wandales Thenne deyed Ibor and Aion & they made 'em a king agelmundus Aions son the which reigned over 'em/ xxxiij year▪ In his tyme· a common woman had seven children at one burden as it shall be after more clearly showed/ One of 'em that was named lavissius was the second king of longobardies/ and reigned after Agelmundus. ¶ when Agelmundus the king was to bold upon his owen trust/ the bulgaris came upon him in a night/ & slow him standing/ After him/ lethens reigned & was the. thyrdde king of the longebard. And reigned forty year After him hyldecoc ¶ After him the fifth gudehoc reigned in Odocaes' time that was Italycus and lad his men to the land of Rugorum. After him the sixthe Claffo. ¶ After him the seventh Cato that waccho slough Cato and outlawed his son for evermore· waccho was Cato broders son. & so when waccho was deed his son waltarycus was the eygthe king of longobardies and reigned seven year after hym· The/ ix· Audoenus that lad first the longobardes in to Pannonia. After him his son Albuynus was the ten king of the longobardes/ Narses patricius prayed this king Albuinus to come with his men: and take ytalia. That was in justinus themperours tyme. the year of our lord/ v/ Clxviij/ and that was after that longobardes had dwelled in pannonia xlij year/ Of this Albuins conquest and· of his wondered ende·/ Seche within forth in his place about the year of our lord· v/ C· lxx   

¶ De urbe Romana ¶ Capitulum. xxiv  
AVctours written and tellen that the Cyte of Rome is builded in Tuscia that is a party of Italya/ Of the fondation thereof and Governing. auctors write many diverse doings and specially. Martinus de condicione eius/ Magister vero gregorius. of the wonders of the cyte writeth shortly many things that been worthy to be kept in mind ¶ Martinus it is write that many Kings reigned about the place of Rome/ For Eustodius saith that after that tour babel was built and men bigonne to speak diverse tongues and languages. ¶ Noah with certain men took a ship and saylled in to Italia/ And builded a Cyte of his name and ended there his life ¶ Thenne janus japhets' son that was Noes son builded janiculum by yond the river Tiberis There is now a church of saint johan that height saint johans' church ad janiculum. About that time Nemproth that height Saturnus also which was gelded of his own son jupyter come to the foresay janus kingdom/ And builded a Cyte there as the Capitol is now. ¶ Also Italus that time the king with Sciculis men of Scicil●a come to janus & to Saturnus and built a cyte fast by the river Albula/ That river is now called Tyb●r & is a river of Rome ¶ Also hercules Italus son builded a cyte named galerias bynethe the Capytol· ¶ After that Tiberis the king come out of the este· And evander the king out of Arcadia and builded cities/ Vyrgylius acordeth hereto and saith/ thenne the father evander at Rome was maker of towers/ Thenne afterward come Romulus and closed within one wall all thilk cities about and made one great cyte of all closed in one/ And brought gentlemen and noble out of ytalia with their wives for to dwell therinne/ ¶ Titus ¶ while that Cyte was pour. was no place more holy· ne richer of good ensample. But afterward riches gathered and increased And sin they have been coveytous and lecherous· ¶ Marcus' ¶ Two brethren that were born at one burthon/ Remus and Romulus buylden Rome in the hill palatinus And was build the/ xj kalends of Maye· Tho bigan the seven Olympus that was the first year of Achaz king of juda. and four honderd/ liiij year after the taking of troy ¶ R/ But more verily as Solynus seyth· four honderd and xxxiiij/ after the taking of troy. Marc/ The which Cyte of Rome was afterward/ wonderly hight with walls. with towers with yates. with temples·s with palays·s & dyuse & wondered works/ & had on the walls three honderd/ lxj towers and containeth about two and twenty mile without that is by yond tiber and the Cyte leonina/ But as men seyn it containeth all about two and forty mile and had in all ·xuj pryncipal yates/ ten a thishalf tybre that were named port capu●na· port apia· port latina: port Asmaria/ port matronijs/ port levycana port numentana/ port salaria. port princiana and port colina/ Also by yond tybre been three yates·s And three in the cyte leonina Gregorius among the wonders of this cyte that yet been seen/ saith if is a great wonder of so many defensable towers of so many buildings of palayces whether. it were by wycchecraft or by man's deed. R/ So that now been veryfyed the versis that hildebertus episcopus cenonean made. & willelmus malmensb putteth 'em in his book of kings as here followeth/ Rome nothing is peer to thee/ though thou neygh all falling be▪ On all thou showest thy bounde· how great thou were when thou were sound  

¶ De palacijs Rome  
THere were many palayces ryal and noble build in Rome in worship of Emperors and of other noble men also Among the which the greatest and most palace of all was in the myddel of the cyte in token of one principalite of all the world wide/ Also the palace of pees·s therein Romulus died do set his own image of gold and said/ it shall never fall till a maid bear a child/ And that image fill when Criste was born/ Dioclisians palace hath pylers as high an a stone caste/ and so great about that an c men all a year working should uneath hew one of thylk pylers. Also there was a palace of sixty emperours·s & yet standeth a part thereof. that all Rome may not destroy/ De templis There as pantheon the temple of all mawmetrye was is now a church of all halowen And by cause our lady is after Criste is chief and holiest of all mankind/ that church hath the name of our lady. and is called sancta maria rotunda that is the round church of our lady. And hath in breed the space of/ ij/ C·lx· foot/ Fast by that temple is an Arch of Marble. And that is the Arch of Augustus Caesar's victories and great deeds/ In that Arch been all his great Acts described There is also Scipions Arche· he overcome havibal. at saint steuen in piscina was the temple olovitreum that was made of crystal & of gold. there was astronomy graved and y peynted with stars and signs of heaven saint sebastian destroyed that temple· Also the capitol was arrayed with glass and with gold as it were the myrour of all the world about/ There the consuls & senators governed and rewlid all the world as moche as was in her power/ And there was Jupiter'S temple. And in that temple was jupyters image of fyn gold sitting in a throne. R Here takehedr that only three temples were in Rome that had flamynes. that were bishops to serve/ falls gods and mametrye and hight flamynes as it were filamynes of filo that is a thread that they bond about her heed. when they might not in the holy day suffer on her pylyons and her caps for hete/ In jupyters temple served fflamen dialis that is the day bisshop· For jupyter was cleped diespyter/ that is the father of the day. Also in Mars temple was flamen Marcialis/ that is mars bishop ¶ And in Romulus' temple was Flamen quyrinalis that is quirinus bisshop· For Romulus was called quyrinus also ¶ De domibus ¶ In rome was an house y made well nigh all of gold & lefette ● with precious stones/ ¶ Men said that/ that house was worth well nigh the thyrdde part of of all the world/ In that house every land and province had an image set by Necromancy. everich of thilk images bore his own lands name wreton an on his breast. And a cokerbelle of silver hanged about his neck. So that if any land rebelled or aroose against Rome/ Anon the Image of that land turned his back toward the image of Rome and the bell about his neck should ring/ And the preestes that kept that house/ everich by his course. warned the princes of that doing/ there was also an horseman of brass on high on the coppe of that house and moved also with a spear in his hond· and turned the point of his spear toward that land that would so arryse· ¶ And so the Romayns might lightly come upon their enemies unware In that house also was a fire that no man might quench. And men axed of the crafts man that made it· how long it should endure· And he answered and fayde it should endure for evermore unto. that a maid had born a child/ & the same night that Criste was born that· house fill down. and the fire was quenched that same night and time Also beaneus Apollo that man closed a confection of brymstonn and of black salt in a vessel of brass. and set it a fire with a candle that he had halewed in his manere· and made there a bath with bathing places that all way were hoot/ There was also in an house an image of iron. and was named Bellefrontes image/ which weighed fifteen M pound with his horse that he sat on And hinge in the air with no post ne piler bynethe under set/ ne hold with chain above but adamant stones that were in the vawte and in· the Arches about drowhe even the iron everich to his side so that the iron image might not dounward ne upward ne toward neither side but hinge always even a mid/ ¶ De Artificijs. There is a· place in Rome in Eraclea and is called theatrum·s that is a place to stand or sit Inn/ for to look well about/ there in is wonderly graven cabans and dens. diverse outgoynge benches and seges all aboute· and is hoole and sound all on marbel stone· & this werk is set upon uj crabs hewn of hard marbelst one In that place may noman so privily speak. ne to himself ne to another man/ But all that he saith be herd all about/ ¶ Fast by Augustus Cezars' palace is awalle made of brent tile/ And stretcheth dounward out of the high hills by the gate port asmaria. that wall is made upon great Arches and huge that wall stretcheth a days journey from Rome in a great conduit upon that wall the waters and streams of the wells of the montaynes rennen in to Rome· And thenne it is departed in dyuse conduytes & pipes of bras. & so ran sometime in to every palace of Rome/ For the water of tiber is hoolsom and good for horse/ And unhelsome and evil for men/ therefore the old Romayns made fresh water come out of four parts of the cyte by ways craftily made/ & thereof men might take all that they would while the comins of rome were in her flowers. By that wall is the bath. that bianeus made of the which bath was spoken tofore. In Albisterio a place that height mutatorium Cezaris were made white stoles for emperors/ Also there was a candlestick made of a stone that higthe Albeston. when it was once yteyned and set a fire and set without theridamas could noman quench it with no craft that men could devise/ R ¶ In this manner it might be that the geant pallas about the year of our lord a thousand and fourty· that year was found in Rome a geants' body buried hool and sound/ the space of his wound was four foot long and an half·s The length of his body passed the heygthe of the walls. at his heed was yfound a lantern brenning alway that noman could quench with blast ne with water ne with other craft/ unto the time that there was made a lytil hoole under the light/ bynethe that the air might entre. Men seyen that Turnus slowghe this geant Pallas when aeneas fought for lavina that was Aeneas wyf. This/ geantes epytaphium is this the writing of mind of him that say there was this Pallas evanders son lieth here· him turnus the knight with his spear slowhe in his manner ¶ De statuis et signis ¶ There was at Rome a bulle· of brass in the shap of jupiter overcast and shape to men that looked thereon. That bull seemed lowhing and startelyng· Theridamas was also the image of venns all naked in the same manner as venus showed herself to that man Paris sometime of troy/ and was so craftily made that in the mouth and lips that were as white as any snow seemed fresh blood and new. there is also at Rome a wonder copped pyler and is Romulus' Piler. that pyler pylgryms and palmers that fast can· lie call it saint Peter's corn hupple and sayen that when nero themperour had ravisshed it it turned in to an hill of stone. as great as it was before of corn/ among all pilers julius Caesar'S pyler is most wondered/ and hath in height two honderd and fifty foot. In the coppe thereof in a round thing of bras been Julius Caesar'S bones and ashes/ Of that pyler and arch been verses y. made that been thus to meaning and namely of the overmest stone/ if the stone is one. tell what craft brought him upon. And if they be many stones. tell where they joinen at ones·s This arch and pyler is y founded and set upon four lions/ pylgryms full of lesynges/ call this arch and pyler saint Peter's nelde and lie and say that thylk man is clean of sin that may creep under that stone· ¶ there been also in Rome two great horses of marbel stone/ For in Tiberius' time two young philosophers praxitellus & Fibia/ come to Rome and yeden all naked. And when themperour axed him why and wherefore they went so naked/ they answered. and said. For we have forsaken all thing. And for all thing is to us naked and bore and openly known. you sir Emperor and all that thou speakest in counseyl and pryvete we know at best/ ¶ Trevisa the first point of this doing and answer teacheth that who that forsaketh/ all thing forsaketh his clothes·s And so it followeth that they that been well clothed and goth about and beggeth and gadreth money & corn and catel of other men forsaketh not all thing R Themperour assayed and fond sooth all that they said. and at her owen prayer/ made in mind of 'em two great horses of marbel· there is another sign and token before the pope's palace an horse of brass and a man sitting thereon And holdeth this righthonde as though he spoke to the people and holdeth his bridle in his life honde and hath a cuckoo between his horse hairs. And a sick dwerf under his feet pilgrims clepen that man. Theodoricus And the comyns call him Constantinus/ But clerks of· the court call him Marcus and quintus cursius also· this sign stood sometime tofore in piters awlter· In the Capitoyl upon the four pilers of bras/ but saint gregory threw down horse & man & set him to fore the pope's palace/ They that call him marcus tell this reason & skylle There was a dwarf of the kindred of mesenis his craft was Nygromancie when he had subdued kings that dwelled nigh him and made him subgette to him. Thenne he went to Rome to war with the Romans/ And with his crafte· he bynam the romayns power▪ & might for to smite. & biseged 'em long time y closed within the cyte/ This dwerf went every day tofore the son rising in to the field for to do his craft: when the romayns had espied that manner doing of the dwarf they spoke to marcus a noble knight & bihighte him lordship of the Cyte. & a Memorial in mind for evermore if be would deffende· hem & save the Cyte/ thenne Marcus made an hool through the wall longer it were day for to abide his craft to cache this dwerf· And when it was time the cuckoo sang and warned him/ of the day Thenne marcus raised to. & by cause he myghtnot hit the dwerf with weepen he caught him with his honde/ and bore him in to the cyte/ And for dread lest he should help himself with his craft if he might speak. he threw him under the horse feet/ And the horse alto trade him/ And herfore that/ image was made in remembrance of this deed/ They that call that image and sign quintus cursius tell this skylle and reason/ there was sometime in the myddel of Rome a great clift or hoole in the earth out of that hool come smook & brimstone & slew many men· thenne Quintus cursius took counseyl of phebus and armed hym·s and entered in to the hool· thenne anon fleygh a cuckou out of the hool· & thenne the earth closed to guider and so the hool was stopped. Another sign is colloseus image that is called also the image of the son or of Rome/ There is great wonder how it might be yoten or arered/ the image is so great the length thereof is six score foot and six. this image was sometime in the ybond herodius fyften foot heygher than the heyghest place in rome. this image bore in his right honde a spear all round y shape as the world· And in his life hon a sword that bytokeneth might of batayll· in token that it is lass maystrye to win & to conquer than it is to keep and to save that/ that is conquered and won. this image was of brass but it was so ryally overgylt that it shone in derknes and yaf great beams of light· Also it moved about with the son in such a manner that alway his face was toward the son. all the Romayns that come thereby worshipped that image in token of subjection & of thraldom ¶ saint gregory destroyed that image with fire ffor he might not destroy it with strength/ ¶ Of that image is only y left the heed and the right hand holding the spear/ that is the Roundenes & the likeness of the world. For of all that image left no more unbrent that heed and that honde been now to fore the pope's palace upon/ ij/ pylers' of marble· & wonderly by craft of milting that brass was y yoten/ that the here seemeth soft to a man's sight. and the mouth as though it were speaking ¶ Polier/ ●●bro secundo/ ¶ For to hight the noblete of this Cyte the Romayns made a woman's image in bras· ●hat image h●ld in 〈◊〉 honde a spear the shape of the wide world/ ¶ And when t●e image was full made him seemed that the legs were to feeble for to bear such an image. it was so great and so huge. But the crafts man that it made answered and said/ the legs shall dure always and ●ere the image at the best and never fail unto a maid bear a child/ but the legs faylled and the image fill down when Criste was born/ Fast by vaspasianus palais is a stone that is called parius. in that stone is y coruen a white sow with thirty/ pigs that give water to 'em that will wesshe there. there is also a tabel of brass that forbedeth sin/ therein been wreton the chief points of the lawe· there been wreton as it were reules in metre· the meaning thereof is understanden in this writing neext folowyng· Every night where a cock waketh some man oer it daw/ All his song in a flocke· may like noman by the lawe· when summer is hote· the throstle singeth with merry note when the day goth away/ the bird is still and leaveth his laye· In town as it longs/ The osul twiterith merry songs/ ¶ At night for dread/ truly no song doth he grede/ when flower springeth on rote· the nyghtyngale in his note/ Twiterith well fawning with sweet song in the dawnyng· Thrall maketh his fare/ with mouth/ then chiterith the stare/ Of morrow song kynde· they have at even no mind    

¶ De quibusdam Romanorum institutis et obseruancijs ysidorus eth libro octodecimo. capitulo de triumphis et hug capitulo tris. ¶ Capitulum/ 25  
When Duc/ king. consul/ or Emperor had done any great voyage and victory and come in to Rome/ At his coming he should be received with three manere worship/ Alle the people should come against him with all the solemnity mirth comfort and joy that they couth make/ Alle the prysonners should follow his char with her hands bound behind her backes·s This vyctour should hem self were on jupiter's cote/ And sit on a char that four white horses should draw unto the capitoyl ¶ Thereof speaketh ovidius with four horses all snow white/ thou shalt sire emperor wend/ yet among all this worship· For he should not foryete himself/ this one Annoy he had/ A churl was with him in his char. and smote him alway in the nekke and that for two skills/ That one was/ For he should not be to proud of that great worship· ¶ That other skylle was for every man should hope to come to that worship. if he made himself worthy by his deeds/ ¶ While the chorl smote the vyctour. he should oft say to him/ in this manner notho solitos that is to say know thyself/ as who saith be not to proud of this worship/ And also that day every man had leave to say to the vyctour. what somever he wolde· and no blame should be take therefore And so were many dispyteous words said to julius Cezar. And he took thereof no manner wreeche· One said to julius at siche a time salve Calf that is hail balard· And another said hail king and quene· R. Look within in julius cezar. In vita johis Elemosinarij/ when themperours of Rome were crowned should come to him crafts men that make tombs and ask of hem of what manner stone or metal they should make their tombs as who saith thou shalt die/ Govern. myldely the people ¶ Hug capitulo Clarus When the Romayns would war in any land/ one should go to thends of that land and clearly declare and show the mater· and cause of the war/ and that declaration was called clarigation/ then a spear y pyght in the land warned that the Romayns would war ¶ Ysidorus libro .19. capitulo/ visesimo secundo. while consuls rewled Rome· the knights of Rome should were reed clotheses the day tofore that they should fight/ That was done for they should not know & be abashed when they saw the reed blood run on her clotheses and such knights were named Rosati/ as it were y clothed in Rooses R Take heed what papie saith Virgyle calleth the Romayns togati. that been men clothed in gowns/ three manner gowns they used and were called pretaaxta palmata & candidata/ the first manner gown pretaxata gentilmens' children used for to were of xiiij· year old/ the second manner palmata used vyctours for her noble deeds/ the third manner goun candidata used· lords & maystres rulers of the law. Hug/ ca fastus/ the days that the Romayns well sped were named fasti that is leveful. For it was leeful to hem thylk days to use diverse doing & deeds/ the days that the romayns myspedde were called nephasty as it were not leeful· and they heelde thylk days & wrought not. but for no love ne devotions but for dread of evil haps/ Hug/ ca/ 5/ the feast of thylk days is called quinquatria that is the five black days for the sorrow and bitterness that the romayns had when the Frensshemen and hanybal besieged them all about/ For thenne no romain dared one's go out of the toun··s Hug/ c. classis. when romulus had ordained for the common prouffit ●e departed a sondre the great & the mean/ & cleped either party classis/ In worship of 'em he ordeygned a month and called it Mayus. that is the month of the grete· men·s The mean men were called the second Classis. And in worship of 'em he ordeygned a month and called it junius that is the month of younger men ¶ Afterwards the Romayns were departed in four parties. In the first party were consuls and doctours·s In the second classis were tribuni and men of· lass dignity/ In the third were for men· & in the fourth were bondmen. tribunus is he that receiveth tribute and payeth knights & a leder or· captain of thousand knights height Tribunus ¶ Hug. c/ calon/ The Romayns used/ sometime in every month to make a fair and the fair began the first day of the nonas and dured to the first day of Idus Idus is as moche to say as dealing and departing for thenne the fair was departed/ Also for the beginning was oftyme unknown to Merchants and to chapmen/ therefore the first day of the month height kalende of calo calas that is call and crrye· A cryour should stand upon a tour· And as many days as were from that day to the beginning of the fair he shod cry calo. Therefore it is that in some month in the calendar hath but four nonas/ and some hath six/ And that done for thieves that were hid in woods for to aspye chapmen should not know when the fair should bygynne/ Hug/ ca/ mereor. Sometime knights after that they were· lx/ year old were not compelled for to do deeds of Armes·s But men yaf hem fields or towns. or somewhat else of the common tresorye whereby they should live/ And then such a knight was cleped Emeritus or emerite milicie as it were a knight set out of the needful deeds of chivalry/ ¶ R Therefore Anatarn that is by yond Tiber height Emerytor●a/ For such knights spent there what they had to fore gotten and ywonne/ ¶ Hug· ca/ lita It was usage in Rome that the cytezeyns should do not elliss to fore none but dispute of the common prouffyt· therefore coming women of rome were cleped nonarye/ for they should not to fore none goon out to her common place/ lest they should let young men from the common prouffyt Hug. ca nepa ¶ Sometime in Rome father and mother should not nourish and teach her own childer●n/ For it was supposed that they would be to tendre and not chastise and bete hem. Neither maystres·s that were all strange & out of the kin should teach children of Rome. jest they would recche to lytil of the children & bete hem to sore/ therefore maystres should teach the children of Rome that were not to nigh ne to far of her own kin Hug. capitulo· proles ¶ There were sometime in Rome that serveth of naught else but for to gete children/ & dwelled always in the cyte/ and were/ not compelled to deeds of Arms. And such men were cleped proletar ij that is to say geters of children R Netheles in hanybals time they were constrained sore to go out for scarsenes of knights/ Vale/ libro 2  
¶ An honderd year & lx after that the cyte was y buyld/ was no devorse made between a man and his wyf/ Netheles Carbilius a bastart was the first that left his wife only/ for the woman was bareyn though he seemed meved of Reason. yet he was not all blamels for he. put covetise of children to fox the faith of wedlok ¶ ysidorus li 6 Though the greeks write first in wax with poyntels of iron/ the Romayns ordained. that noman should write with poyntels of iron but with poyntels of boon ¶ Poli libro secundo ¶ Who that will look books of stories Among all men that were sith Rome was first made. he shall find that the Romayns were most covetous & proud/ he shall find also that the mastery that they had in the world about they gate it by punysshing of people by false wiles & by gyle so ferfoth that uneath any of her princes lived his life kindly to his ende· therefore every Romayn that overcometh other is overcome with flattering and with fair words/ And if words faylle. yefts shall him a weld/ if yefts faylle. worship maketh him prisoner/ Pol· libro septimo decimo/ capitulo/ 11/ cs the cities. of ytalia loved peace and worshipped right wysenes and leued false oaths/ then they had liking and wealth in her owen londe· But when they yeve 'em to falsehood and to strif Anon the pride of the Romayns. & the wodenes of duche men or some other wrecbe of god almighty falls upon 'em. unto the time they amend by penance and contrition. For trespaas of that people putteth away all pryncipalyte or maketh her prince more mild   

¶ De Germania/ et eius provyncijs/ ysid/ each/ 14 ¶ ca/ 26.  
YSidorus saith that very germania hath in the eest side the mouth of the river danubius in the south the Ryn that river/ and in the north and in the west the see of occean· there been two lands/ either is called germania·s the over Germania stretcheth besides Alpes to that mouth·s and cost of the great see. that is called adriaticus· there the see is as it were lakes in the countries of aqu●lia. the other germania is lower toward the west about the Ryne· and is comynly called Almania/ or trutonia· In either Germania been many provinces and londes·s that been boemia westfalia/ bavaria/ thuringia. Suevia/ Saxonia· Franconia lothangia/ frisia/ and selandia ¶ Paulus libro p. the north country is far from the son and wholesome for men to dwell in and able to bring forth children/ therefore it is that there is more multiplication and increase of men and children in the north country than in the south that is full nigh the son & · unholson & seke●ew for men to dwell in/ And so though every land and. country have his own proper name. ¶ Netheles all the country and land from the river thanays unto the west is called germania. For it gendereth and bringeth forth more men and children than it may well sustene· Therefore it is that so oft goon diverse men out of that side of the world in to other lands/ by lot or against her will or by her good will for to gete other lands/ so died gothi wandali/ saxones·s wynnily and longobardi Boemia is the first province of the eeste germania/ And hath in the eest side Misia and Alania. In the south the river Danubius and Pannonia In the west bavaria and turingia/ And in the north and northwest Saxonia. and is closed almost about with hills & woods & hath great plenty of lose & grass that smelleth full sweet and of diverse wild beestes·s Among/ the which is one beeste and is called booz in the language of boemia· But he deffendeth not himself with his horns but he hath a large Ryvel as it were a bag under his chin/ therinne he gadreth water & heteth it in his running scalding hoot & throweth it upon hunters and hounds that poursiewe him and skaldeth of the here of 'em and brenneth 'em full sore/ ¶ Thuringia hath in the eeste boemia/ In the/ west Franconia/ In the north westfalia And in the south the river Danubius. ¶ Franconia is as it were the myddel province of Germania. and hath in the eeste thuringia/ In the west suevia. In the north a party of westfalia/ and in the south bavaria and the river Danubius Bavaria hath in the eest the river Danubius and Retica/ westfalia hath in the est side saxonia in the west Frisia/ in the north Ocean In the south a party of France & of suevia· Suevia hath in the eeste Bavaria/ In the west the river that is called the Ryne In the north a party of Franconia· and in the south Rethica & Alpes/ Saxonia hath in the eeste Alania in the west westfalia/ In the north Occean· And men of that country been more lighter and stronger on the see than other scommers or thieves of the see and pourfiewe here enemies full hard and both by water and by land and been called Saxones of Saxum that is a stone For they been hard as stones and uneasy to far with. In the hills of Saxonia is well nigh all manner of metals founden reserved tyn ¶ In Germania been saltwelles. Of the which wells is salt made as white as any snow/ ¶ Fast by that hill that copper is digged in/ is a great hill of which hill the stones smell as sweet as violet/ ¶ Also fast by the monastery of saint Michael is marble founden the fairest that may be· Beda/ c. visesimo quinto/ the old saxones have no king but many knyghtes·s of her own rule· ¶ But in time of battle they cast lot which of her knights shall be leder & captain And they follow him that is so choose by lot. as chief lord and master during the battle But when the battle is done thenne shall he be as he was byfore· that is to weet he and other all lyche great of power and of might/ Plevius libro quinto Frisia is a land upon the cost of the west Ocean. And beginneth in the south side fro the Ryne and endeth atte see of Denmarke· ¶ Men of Frisia been high shaven about/ And ever the more gentleman and noble the higher he is shorn The men been fair of body Cruel and bold of heart And use spears in stead of Arrows/ and love freedom most of any thing/ Therefore they suffer noman to be a kynght that would be her lord. Netheles they ben· governed and ruled by domes men and judges/ And every year they cheese of 'em self her own judges they love well chastity and keep besily her children and suffer 'em not to marry till they be four and twenty year old/ Therefore they have strong and stalworth children/ they have no woods/ therefore they make 'em fire of turfs/ ¶ S●landia is a lytil land upon the see/ which runneth through the land and causeth xvij Ilondes and about everich a ship may sail/ And hath in the est holandia In the north Frisia in the west Ocean/ and in the south Flandria/ And is environed with water and high banks to bold out the rising of the see and floods. there is good cornlond and scarsete of trees for the Rotes may not take deepness ne farnes for saltness of the earth ¶ The men been great of body and mild of heart/ ¶ Paulus libro primo· In the west side of Germania is a people called scribonius that hath snow all the summer time/ and eateth raw flesh & been clothed in ghoot buk skins. In her country when the night is short. men may see all the night the son beams/ And after· in the winter when the day is short though men see/ the light of the son/ yet the son is not seen/ Item fast beside that people scribonius under the clyf of Ocean is a den under on high stone· therinne slepen seven men and have long slept and been hool and sound in body & clothing & all withouten wem ffor which cause the common people have 'em in great worship & revence. they are supposed Romans by her clothing there was a man sometime that for covetise would stripe one of hem· and have his clothing/ but forwith his arm waxed all dreye It may be that god list to keep 'em so hool and sound for misbelieved men in time to coming should through 'em be converted and turned to good believe   

¶ De Gallia et/ Francia R/ ¶ Capitulum. 27  
●It is wreton in stories that gallia which is ffrancia hath that name gallia of whytenes of people/ ¶ Gala is a w●●de in grew and is lac in Latyn. and milk in Englysshe Therefore Sibilla called 'em gallos that is white And saith that the mylky necks been wesshen with gold/ ¶ Hug· capitulo gala By the dyversite of heaven is diversity of ●●lours of face of quantity and gretenes of body of manners and of wytte· therefore in Rome been heavy men· In grece light·s In Affryca gyleful. In gallya witty men and wise R ¶ Here take heed as Augustinus de Civitate dei libro secundo capitulo quinto toucheth that Galley in one manner speech were the preestes. that were in the temple of that goddess that height Cibeles·s And have that name not of that land gallia/ but of that river gallus that is in Frigia. all they that drank of that river should wax wood and were all gelded in their mind of that child Athis that thylk goddess Cibelis loved with all her myght·s/ That child wax wood & gelded himself for fraud & gyle that he had done to that goddess Cibeles' so saith Ovidius de fastis/ But of galli that been Franci & frensshe men/ Entropius libro 2/ saith galley been well hasty and her bodies passen the common stature of other men But it is founden by assay that as the galley been more hasty than strong in the first refe or bront/ so afterward in fighting they been more feeble than women. For as they been like alpes in gretenes of body so they be somewhat like to the snow that lieth upon the Alpes that breaketh out in swote and melteth with heat of fighting as snow doth with hete of the son Get/ capitulo. septimo decimo/ then gallea with his parties all hoole hath in the north side Germania/ In the eest the Ryne. In the southest the Alpes. In the west the see Ocean that is called both britamnycus and gallycus that is englysshe and Frensshe/ For it departeth englond and Fraunce· In the south the see of myddel earth that wessheth aboute· by the prounce of Narbon/ ¶ In julius Caesar'S time Gallia was departed on three/ ¶ But for diverse haps that bifelle afterward in that land the country and land that stretcheth from the Ryne to seyne from that one river to that other is now called gallia belgyca that is very France/ & that country that stretcheth from thence to the river of leyr is called· gallia lugdunensis· ¶ the over party thereof height burgundia/ And the neither party is called Neustria· And the Country that stretcheth from the river of leyr to the water of geronde is called gallia acquytanyca/ that is guyan. And. stretcheth out of the eeste fro the river of Roen unto the west Ocean. the over party thereof height Celyca that is heavenly and high by cause that high montaynes been therinne/ from the river of Gerond to the see of myddel earth and to the montaynes that be called montes Pyrenij/ great hills of spain is cleped gallia narbonenses·s And now some thereof is called gothia/ And some vasconya that is gascoyn· And so gallya all hoole 〈◊〉 closed about with three noble waters with the Ryne in the north●yde with Rone in the est/ and with the bruttyssh ocean in the west side/ In Gallea been many quareys & noble for to dig in stones And beside Paris is great plente of a manner stone that is called gipsus/ and is called white plastre. also ¶ when that stone is brent and tempered with water and turned in to plastre. then men make thereof images walls chambres·s paments/ and diverse manner works that dure long ynowgh/ There is that fair flower the cyte of Paris which is noryce of thewes·s Boteler of lettres shining in Europa as Athenes died sometime in grecia ¶ Giraldus/ d p. The Frensshe men that been called Franci also and many other men the strengest of europa/ come of the troyans. For after that Troy was taken· Antenor with his men fled away by waters that height paludes meotydes and by the river Thanays and dwelled in pannonia/ And bulde there a Cyte and called it Sicambria/ Of that Cyte he and all his were afterward called Sicambri· After anthenors death they ordained 'em two leders and capytains Trogotus and Franco/ And of thilk Franco they were afterward called Franci/ Turpinus de gestis karo●● seith that when king Charles had made spain subgette and was come home to paris agayne· he made all the bond men of gallia free in worship of seint james & of seint denies/ But they should every year offer four pens to the church work of seint denies/ And so they were called Franci sancti dionifij/ that is to say seint denies free men·s And so it came about/ that Gallia was called Francia by cause of that freedom. Other men tellen that valentilianus themperour called 'em francos as it were ferancos that is stern and wither in the language of attica. that is grecia· For sicambri that been frensshe men were tributary to Rome long time to fore valentinianus time also/ But when Alani men of allania were enemies to Rome· Sicambri had her tribute foryeven/ for ten year for to war against the men of Allania. and when the ten year were done and Alani overcomen the Romayns axed their tribute. And Sicambri warned it and would none pay. therefore valentinianus the emperor warred upon hem with a great host/ and had the victory/ then for that mishap Sicambri were sore wroth and warred in the lands of Rome/ and also on the lands that were. subgett to rome also/ therefore Sicambri were afterward called Franci as it were feranci/ that is wither and stern/ And of that duke Franco they were called Franci as it were Francoes men· also of her freedom that king charles yaf them they been named Franci/ that is free men for to mean Trevisa but how that ever they come to that name Franci been frensshe men and height both Sicambri· and galley/ and so it is all one people Sicambri/ galley Franci and ffrensshe men. ¶ R Franci made 'em a king that was called Ferramundus Marconurus son/ and made all the land subget fro sicambria unto the Ryne ¶ Willellmus de/ r· libro primo When Ferramundus was deed they made his son king that had three names and height Clodion· Clodyus and Crinicus/ And of him kings of France were called Crinici/ After Clodyus they made his son kyng· that hight meroneus· And after him kings of France were called Meronyngy unto pypyns' time/ ¶ In the same manner kings sons of Englond had names after the names of their father/ as. Edgar's son was called Edgaryngus & Edmondue son was named Edmondignus. Comynly he that cometh of the kings blood is called adelingus· Gir. de/ p. After meroneus reigned his son childericus/ him christened Remigius This childericus at prayer of the Romayns put that people Gothi arrianis out of guyan. when he was deed his son Childebertus held the kingdom with his three brethren/ Theodericus Clodonurus and Clotarius this was in the time of the great pope Gregory/ After this childebertus reigned his brother Clotarius/ he wedded saint Radegunde· And after him reigned his son Childericus with his three brethren Carbertus gundianus & sigesbertus After Childericus reigned his son Clotarius/ he bigate dagobertus and his sister Batildies/ under this dagobertus Pipinus was the greatest man of the kings house/ And that was in the time of Eraclius th emperour. after dagobertus reigned his son Clodonius/ in his time saint Benet's body was translated and born out of the province beneventana in to France/ After clodoneus reigned his son Clotarius/ And after him his brother the odericus In his time ebronius that was the greatest of the kings house poursiewed saint leodegarius· and died him much woe and tene. and martyred him atte last/ After theodericus reigned Clodoneus/ And after him his younger brother childebertus· after him his young son dagobertus/ And after him the kings lineage faylled/ ¶ For after him reigned his brother Daniel that was a Clerk/ But franci changed daniel's name and called him childericus/ After him reigned one of his kin that was called theodoricus/ And after him his brother hildericus/ he was put down for great Nycete and made a clerk/ and lived as a monk in an abbaye/ And then faylled the lineage in men of Ferramundꝰ blood but yet it lasted & dured in a woman that was Batildis/ dagobertus sister/ In this manner batildis was wedded unto ausebertus and had by him a son that hight arnold. thenne this Arnoldes son height arnulphus/ that Arnulphus wedded duke pipins daughter/ Pipinus was the greatest of the king dagobertus house. king dagobertus was batildis broder· Th●s Arnulphus was afterward made bishop mentensis Thenne his son Ansegilius gate pupinus that had two other names/ vetulus and brevis· willelmus de/ r· libro primo This pipinus gate Charles that height tutidis and marcellus also/ And had that name tutidis of tudere that is beaten and bounsed For he bete out of France all tyrants and sarasyns that warred therein/ And destroubled the land & people/ This charles followed the sentence of his forfaders & held the kings of France in his retenue .. And he himself was called an Earl and held him paid and content with that name· Giraldus this charles gate the second pupinus and charles the grete· that was afterward a monke· This. second. pupinus was of kings kind. For he came of batildis that we spoke of before and therefore he was made king of France by assent of all the chivalry & by authority of pope steven. that was pope neyt after zacharye/ This pupinus gate charles the grete· This Charles was made king after his father's death the year of our lord vij C. lxix· For his noble deeds the Romayns choose him afterward for to be saint Peter's advocate/ Afterwards Patricius and thenne emperor and augustus. And fro that time th'empire of constantinople turned fro the Romayns to the Frensshe men For they would not help the church of Rome against the longobardes that warred against the romayns. this charles gate Louis that was afterward emperor. this Louis gate the ballid charles that was emperor also· the balled charles gate Louis. Louis gate lotharius· lotharius gate Louis the last king of this lineage. when this Louis was deed Franci took hugh duke of bergoyn and made him her king/ this Hugh gate Robert· Robert gate harry/ harry gate philip/ philip gate Louis. Louis reigned in harry clerks time the conquerors son/ the great charles offspring reigned in France unto hughiss time that was called capet by his surname· Of him come other kings of France/ as it is within in his place openly declared kings of his offspring reigned in ytalia and Almania unto the year of our lord ix/ C/ xij/ when Conradus king of duche men took th'empire to himself/ R. ¶ long afterward as the common fame/ A woman that was queen of France by heritage wedded a bocher for his fairness/ therrfor in reproof of that deed Frensshe men ordained evonge 'em self/ that no woman should of afterward be heir of the royame of France/ Gir/ The Romayns were sometime vyctours of all the world· but stalworth men & wight that dwelletd in France overcome 'em in many batayls  
But atte last in Gayus julius Caesar'S time gallia that is France was made subget· and so occupied by Romayns about a four honderd year unto the last time of valentinianus themperour/ when diverse men of strange lands werred in gallia· For first wandaly and hinni/ then suevi and burgondi that been of suevia a land of Almania that is Almain· thenne gothi and sicambri. thenne norways and danes made 'em self cities in gallia/ In gallia that is France been many provinces and lands that been/ Braban/ Flaundres Pycardye· Normandye: The lass britain. ¶ Peyto· Guyan Angeoy· Gascoigu. Burgoyn. Selina provyncia/ Campania the lass that is champayn And aluerne also is in France Flaundria that is fflaundris a province of Gallia belgyca. andis upon the cost of the see Ocean and in the north Frisia/ In the eest germania/ In the south Pycardia· And in the west ocean. and inthe north a party of Englond· and though fflaundres be a lytil land it is full plenteous of many prouffytable things of riches/ of pasture/ of beestes of merchandise/ of Rivers of havens of the see and of good towns/ The men of fflaundres hen fair strong and rich and bring forth many children & been pesible to her neighbours and true to straungers·s noble crafty men & great makers of clot/ which is sent about well nigh in all Europe/ ¶ The land is pleyn and scarce of wood/ therefore in stead of wood they brenne turns that smelleth worse than woode· & maketh fouler ashes Braban is bysouth eest fflaundres and is plentivous of merchandise and making of clot/ For of the wulle that they have out of englond they make clot of diverse colours. And send it in to other provinces and lands as fflaundres doth/ For though Englond have wool atte best/ it hath not so great plente of good water for diverse celours and hews as fflaundres hath & braban·s Netheles at london is one well that helpeth well to make good scarlet/ and so is at lyncoln one certain place in the brook that passeth by the toun/ ¶ Pycardya is a province of gallia and hath that name after the toun that hete ponticus/ that now is called phyten so saith Erodotus/ Pycardya hath many noble castles and towns as Amiens. belgys' or belnacus/ Tournay and many other· And lieth between Flaundres in the north●ide and normandye in the south side/ & ha●h in the west side the se●. & the south side of Englond/ There been two pycardyes that one is ner France/ And either joineth to thends of Flaunders and of braban. the men thereof been boisterous men of deeds and have greater speech than other men of France/ ¶ normandy that heet neustria also and hath that name of Norway's that sailled out of norway and out of denmark/ and gate a country upon the cleves of Occean· in gallea/ And called it Normandye The chief cyte thereof is Rouen upon the mouth of the river of Seyne/ there Seyne renueth in to the see of Ocean/ ¶ normandy hath in the south the lass brytayn in the west the Frensshe Ocean/ & in the northwest the south side of Englonde· The lass brytayne hath the name of bretons that twice occupied that land first by brenius that was king bellinus' brother/ and eftsoons by bretons that were poursiewed and grieved by the saxones in vortigers time king of Britons· as is wreton and contained in the story of brytons ¶ This province hath in the eest. side Andegavia. that is Andegoy. In the north normandye. In the south guyan. In the west Ocean acquytanicus/ that is the see that is by the side of guyan ¶. Giraldus in toppicis ¶ In this britain is a well if the water of that well be take in a bugles horn and poured upon a stone next to the well. be the weather never so fair ne dry anon it shall rain/ And in France is a well fast by the castle of pascense the water thereof is right good for men and naught for women. Noman can hete that water of that well with fire ne with any craft that any can devise Pyctavia that is peytow. is a province of gallia Narbonenses/ Englysshe men. Scots and pyctes seylled and dwelled there/ and cleped the country pictavia/ And the chief Cyte pyctaws that is peyters so saith Erodotus/ this province scretcheth far upon the Ocean/ And in the eest side turonia/ thereby passeth the river of leyr/ In the south side spain/ In the north the lass brytayn and the see of guyan· and in the west the see of Ocean/ the men of that land been of the conditions of Frensshe men by cause they meddle with them and of the country that is so neyghe to them· So that they be now strong. of body fair of face hardy of heart/ and fell of wit   

¶ De Aquitania/ Capitulum. 28  
AQuitania that is guyan· And hath that name Aquitonia of aquis that been waters For the water of the river of leyer goth about a great deal of that land. many a particular province is comprehended under the name of that land. Plenius saith that it· hath in the north and eeste gallia lugdunensis· In the south and eeste it stretcheth to the province of Narbon/ Audegavia that is angeoy a province of gallia. and as it were in the myddel between gyan and lytil brytayn· ¶ Vasconia that is gascoyn & was sometime contained under guyan And hath in the est side the hills pirenij· In the west th● west Occean· In the sou●h est the plain of the province of tholous. And in that other ●yde it neigheth to peytow/ ¶ In that land been many woods hills & wines/ And the river garonna departeth between that land & the province of tholouse. & entereth in to the see of Ocean fast by bourdeux/ which is chief cyte of that londe· the men of that land been called vascones/ as it were wacones ¶ The great pompeus put 'em down of mount pireneus and gathered hem all in to a toun when spain was overcome so saith Erodotus the writer of histroyes/ The men of that land been called now basclenses and been swift and hardy and use balls and arblestres and gladly do rob and reve· and so they be strong thieves/ they been clothed is slight clotheses and fowl Burgundia is a party of gallia Senosenses and stretcheth unto Alpes pirenei/ and hath that name burgundya of borugh towns that Austrogoti builded therein when they purposed to destroy ytalia. this land is full cold toward Alpes pirenei· Men that dwellen toward that side of burgoyne have botches under the chin y swollen and bagged as though they were double chynned/ that is by cause of great cold of waters of snow that melteth among 'em always   

¶ De Hispania/ Trogus libro ultimo and ysidorus libro avinto decimo/ ¶ Capitulum/ 29  
TRogus saith that Trigonia is spain all hool· and the hills pirenei joinen spain in the north side to gallia Narbonenses and is closed in the other sides all about with the see of ocean and with the see Tirenus/ And so spain is well nigh all an ylond/ ¶ For it is byclypped with the see well nigh all about But there been two spain's the hither beginneth fro the plains & valleys of pyreneis. & stretcheth by cantabria & endeth at cartago spataria/ the yonder spain containeth the west party unto the see gadytanus. where as hercules set his pylers beside the mount Athlas/ This spain is a plain land. and hath great prence of castles of horses of metal and of honey. And heat sometime hisperia of hespera the eve star that lad the greeks thither & was her lodesterre/ A fterward it was called hiberia· of the river hiberus but at last it hete hispania of the river hispalus/ or of hispanus that hercules ordained governor and king there· In hispania been sex provinces as terraconensis/ lusitania· galicia bethica tingitina Astruria/ and arogonia/ ysidorus libro quinto decimo capitulo secundo/ This Cartago of spain is called spataria·s For to have difference between this cartago and the great Cartago of Affryca. that Scipio consul of Rome destroyed/ Affri men of affryca made this cartago spataria/ And at last gothy destroyed it/ For gothy were lords of spain long time and specially in honorius themperours'emperors tyme· But afterward the sarasyns were overcome of charles the grete· and lost the west lands of/ spayn gallicia and luscitania/ and held only the East lands and countries of spain   

¶ De Insulis maris. magni ¶ Capitulum. 30  
GAdes is covenably first set among the Ilondes of the great see and standeth in the west end of spain in a mouth of the west Ocean/ there the great see Ocean breaketh in to the Inner lands and departeth a sunder Affryca and Europa· Tiries came seyling out of the reed see and occupied that ylond & called it gades in his language/ And gades is to say byclypped/ For it is byclypped all about with the see. And is from the land an honderd paas and ten there. as hercules set his pilers which been right wondered as it were in the uttermost end of the world· And though pylers been called after the name of the Ilond· Gades also· ¶ Hug/ capitulo gad And to give knowleche that there is no place ne land ferther westward that strong man hercules set though pylers there by gades·s thenne estward from these pylers and from the Ilond gades been the Ilondes baleares that been called maiorica and minorica/ then is there the Ilond Sardina ¶ And hath in the south side Affryca and in the north Scicilia/ and hath neither address ne venom but there groweth an herb that is called apium which maketh men laugh hem self to deth· this ylond hath hoot wells and wholesome which water maketh thieves and men that forswear 'em self blind if their eyen touch the water of thilk wells/ The Ilond Corsica is cornered with many forlondes stretching in to the see/ therinne is noble lose and pasture for beestes. therinne is a stone that is named aconites/ Corsica hath in the est side the see Tirenus. In the south the ylond Sardima/ thirty/ mile thence. In the west the ylondes baleares. & in the north the see ligusticus. and liguria a province of ytalia/ & is eyht score mile in length and xxuj in breed And hath that name Corsica of a woman that height Corsa/ This Corsa had a bull that oft left company of other beestes and swum in to that Ilond and came home in moche better point than he went out Corsa saw that and waited her time and took a boot and followed after the bull in to that ylond/ ¶ And saw that their was·s land for to bear corn and grass/ and brought thither first men that were called ligures/ aradia that is called aradium also is an ylond that is all one cyt●· not far from the cyte tirus and hath many shipmen that been full strong in fighting/ Cyclades been/ liij/ ylondes to gydre & are named of Cyclon in grew which is a circle in englysshe. For they been set all round as it were a circle about the ylond that hight delon/ Netheles some men seyn that they be so called by cause of high rocks that been all about them The first of them is roads toward the eest/ And these ylondes end toward the north in the clyf of the lass asia/ & hath out of the south in to the north fifty mile/ and out of the eest in to the west two honderd mile/ the myddel ylond of them is named delon that is to say shown/ For it was sometime byschyne with the son to fore other lands after no●s flood/ the same delon is called Ortigia. For ortigie been called conturnices curlewes. which been there great plente. ¶ And in that place lacona bore Appolyn delphycus. Samos otherwise called Samia is an Ilond. in which pyctagoras juno and sibilla were born. In that land is whyce cleye and reed· Of which cleye men make erthen vessel at best/ Cyprus that land height paphon and cichym also/ And is beclypped in the south with the see of phenicia/ in the west with the see pamphilicus/ and in the northwest with scicilia· & is eight score mile in length/ &/ uj/ score &/ u in breed/ In that isle brass and craft of brass was first founden/ the wines of that land is strongest of all wines/ Creta hath that name of one cretus that dwelled therin· that ylonde height centapolis also. that is a land that hath an. C· cytees·s for therein were sometime an/ C· cities sometime & there was saturnus & jupiter born· & were first kings there & of right it longeth to grecia of old time/ and hath in the. south side the see libicus/ And in the north the see of grecia & stretcheth out in to the eest and in to the west/ and was the first land that was parfyght and noble in craft of rowing with oores/ Arms & shotyng with arrows. and yaf law wreton. and taught men ride on horsbak And there was the craft of music and singing of ydeiss dactilis found/ ¶ They of Creta made it more and yaf it in knowleche to other lands about/ ¶ That land is now called Candia/ In that ylond been many sheep and g●eet/ & few roes & hertes·s therein be no foxes ne wolves ne address ne such venomous beestes/ And that land hateth so venom that if men bring any venomous beestes or worms of other lands they deyen anone· & though there be no great venomous beestes in that land yet been there Attercops venomous that been called Spalangya in· that land Orous seith that this ylond is viij score & seven mile in length/ & an/ C mile in breed/ In this Ilonde is one of the four laborintus as it shall be said afterward/ Trevisa/ For to late men have knowleche what laborintus is· it is an bous wonderly builded & wrought with halkes & huyrenes tornynges & windynges so diversly by wondered ways & wrynclis that who that gooth in to that house & would come out/ again though he return hytherward & thitherward eeste west north or southward whither ever he draw & for all the ways he can cheese/ though he travail never so sore/ he shall be so mased that out can he not go/ but if he have the craft that serveth therefore. Scicilia. that Ilond was sometime called trinatria as it were three square by cause of three hills that been therein/ The hills been called pelorun pachinun/ libeun· & afterward was called scicilia of sciculus that was ytalus brother· & that land height sometime scicania of scicanus the king/ & hath in the northsyde apulias a party of ytalie & is departed fro that part with great waters of an arm of the see· or cloven by erthskaking thus saith salustius/ & the see between secilia & ytalye is now three mile brode· & is called regium that is to say broken of In that see been two great perylls wondered & wide y knowe/ that one is scylla/ that other is caribdis·s men of that land call scillan a great stone that is seen above the water shapen as·s a man byclypped about with hounds heeds & feynen & say that it seemeth. that the wawes berketh that beteth thereupon/ caribdis is a perilous whirling see that casts up water & wawes & swoloweth 'em in again thrice in a day/ ysid/ li/ 14. In this ylond men ered first with plough for to sow in corn and other seeds. & there was comedia/ song of gests first founden/ Beda de naturis· The land of scicilia is hollow & full. of caves·s & much sulphur or brimstone. & glue. so that the air & fire hath way ynowgh thereto/ & fire closed in the caves & in the chins within the earth. striveth with the air & other things that been contrary to fire/ And that causeth oft smoke and brenning leyte to break out in many places ¶ And sometime the strength of the wind that is within maketh to break out heepes of gravel and of stones/ For such doing it is that the brenning of the hill that is called the mount Ethna dureth so long/ ysid li· 14/ That hill mount ethna toward the southeest hath many chynnes and hollow dens or caves within the earth full of brimstone that receiveth moche wind and engendryth fire and smoke/ R. In that place been seen diverse figures and shappes and heard rueful voys and groaning. ¶ Therefore some men weenen that souls been there in pain/ as it seemeth that saint gregory maketh mind in his dyaloge· Gir· in to/ there is a well in scicilia if aman cometh thereto clothed in read. anon the water of that well springeth up as high as that man's heed ¶ And for any other colour or hew the water meveth not. There been also ● Cicades birds that syngen well in the best wys● and they have a pipe open under the throat/ And syngen better when the heed is of than when it is on. And better when they been deed than while they been a lyve· Therefore herds of that land bihede them for to have the swetter song/ ¶ And in that land is a Cyte called Palarna that yieldeth every year more of certain rent than the king of Englond. hath of siker rent of Englond ¶ Ysidorus libro 13/ In Scicilia been two wells that one of 'em maketh a barayn woman to bear children/ And that other maketh a childing woman barayn· In Scicilia is salt agrigentinus wondered and contrary to other salt ffor it melteth in fire and lepeth and sperclyth in water· byside Scisilia is an Ilond that is called Eola· and hath that name of Eolus· Poetes feynen and say that Aeolus is god of wyndes·s For while he was Ruler of the ix Ilondes everich of 'em height/ Eola. By rising of moisture of mist and of smoke he would tell when it should rain/ And therefore simple men supposed that he had the wind in his power and might/ ¶ The same nine Ilon●es height wl●ane that is fiery. for fire brenneth there alwaye· There been other Ilondes in the see Eusinus/ That see Eusinus is a great party of the see of myddel earth/ Among the which ylondes the ylond of Colchos is famous. there as jason fet the golden fflyes as it shall be. declared after about the battle of troy ¶ And pathmos is an Ilond in the same see/ there as saint johan the evangelist was when he was exiled suit of other lands   

¶ De jusulis Occeani/ Ysidorus libro quinto ¶ Capo. 31  
INsule fortunate that been the gracious Ilondes and been of good temprure of wind and. of weder set in the west Ocean/ And of some men named paradyse by cause of goodness of the land and of temperate weder ¶ There been gracious tymes·s The hills been covered with corn ¶ And herbs grow as it were grass. ¶ Therefore by cause of plente of Corn and of Fruit they been called Fortunate that is gracious/ ¶ For there been trees of seven score foot high ¶ There is the Ilonde Capria that is the Ilonde of Gheet. ¶ For there been many gheet· and weders also/ there is the Ilond Canaria. that is the Ilond of hounds/ ¶ Dacia that is denmark is an Ilond that joineth to the northsyde of germania/ Men of that Denmark were sometime full stern and good men of Arms. Therefore they occupied sometime great countries in brytayne & in France/ & been called daci as it were dagy· For they come of the goths there been many men in dacia and been fair of stature & seemly of face and of here. And though they been stern against their enemies/ they been esy and mild to good men and true But it may not be forgotten that they brought great drinking in to Englond. ¶ Wyntlandia that Ilond is by west denmarke· and is a bareyn land. and men out of believe they sell wind to the shipmen that come to their ports and havens as it were closed under knots of thread/ And as the knots be unknytte the wind waxed at their will/ Iselond that Ilond hath in the East side norway/ In the north the frorens see/ that is mare congelatum The men of· that land been short of speech and true of their words and clothed in wild beeste skins. and been Fysshers and have one man both king and priest. There been gerfawcons and gentle hawks. and there been white beers that breaken the ice for to draw out fish. there been no sheep in that land ne corn but ootes and that is for great cold. That Ilond is from Irlond & from brytayn three days saylling Solinu● de mirabilibus tile is the uttermost Ilond of Ocean/ between the north and the west coost by yond brytayn. And few men know that land ¶ Plenius libro secundo· ¶ Tile hath the name of the son for from springing time when the day & night be even unto harvest time it is always byschyne with the son/ & eft from that time to springing time again/ when the day & night be. even about september it hath no light of the son/ but always derk night & no day & therefore the land is not covenable for men to dwell in. In summer for heat. & in winter for cold/ & derknes. & by cause thereof there may no corn grow/ also the see is there hard y frore/ between that Ilond & britain been the ylondes that hight· scandia lingos & vergyon/ Netheles tile is uj days saylling out of britain/ R/ gir in top/ for seint augustyn/ d· ci/ de/ speaketh of tile· & says that it is an ylond of ynde & that the trees of tile lose never their leves. but be ware· that thou be not beguiled by likeness of names ¶ For that ylond of ynde is called Tilis in the nominatif· caas· And the ylond of Ocean is named Tile in the nominatif caas/ and been lyche in other· As if thou canst decline thilk two names and speak latyn so saith ysidore eth libro quinto decimo Norway stretcheth somdele eest toward denmark and gothia· And hath in the southsyde scotland and in the northsyde Iselond/ the Ilond is brood byclypped about with the see and is full sharp and cold and hath many hills and wodes·s wild beestes white beres bawsons and brocks and scarcete of corn/ Men of that land live more by fisshing and hunting than by breed and corn. In the northsyde of that land many nights in the summer time about the stinting of the son/ the son goth. not down but shineth all night/ And eft as many days in the winter about the stinting of the son/ the son ariseth not to yeve 'em light· therefore all that time they must work by candle light/ what work that hem needeth. In that land is a well that turneth tree and leather in to stone· and it abide therinne a year hool● The men of that land been shipmen and thieves of the see/ Trevisa ¶ For to know what the stinting of the son is to m●●nyng take heede· that the son styntith twice a year/ one's atte summer when it goth none higher ¶ · And eftsoons at winter when it gooth no lower/ And so in either time is the stinting of the son   

¶ De hybernia ●● ¶ Capitulum 32  
HYbernia that is Irlond. And was of old time incorperate in to the lordship of britain so seith Giraldus in sua topographia where he descriueth it at full yet it is worthy and seemly to praise that land with larger praising. For to come to clear and full knowleche of that lond· these titles that follow open the way Therefore I shall tell of the stead and place of that land how great and what manere land it is/ Whereof that land hath plente. and whereof it hath defawte· ¶ Also of what men that dwellid therinne first. Of men Of manners of that land of the wondris of that land of and worthiness of hallows and saints of that land. ¶ De situ hibernie locali./ ¶ Irlonde is the last of all the west ylondes and height hibernia of one hiberus of spayn that was hermonius brother For these two brethren gate and won that land by conquest/ ¶ Or it is called hibernia of that River hiberus that is in the west end of spain And that land height Scotland also/ For scots dwelled there sometime oer they came in to that other Scotland that longed to brytayne Therefore it is wreten in the martiloge· Such a day in Scotland saint bride was bore/ and that was in Irlond/ this land hath in the southest side spain three days saylling thennes a sydehalf And hath in the eest side the more brytayn· thennes a days saylling In the west side it hath the endels' ocean. and in the northsyde Iselond three days saylling thence Solinus but the See that is between Britain and Irlond is all the year full of great wawes and unesy·s So that men may seld sail sikerly between/ that see is six score mile brood/ ¶ De eius quanto et quali/ Irlond is an Ilond greatest after brytayn and stretcheth northward from brendans hills unto the land Columbina and containeth. viij/ days journeys Every journey of xl/ mile And from develyn to patriks hilles·s and to the see in that side in breed is four journeys And Irlond is narrower in the myddel than in thends all otherwise than brytayn is· as Irlond is shorter northward than brytayn/ so it is longer southward/ the land is not pleyn but full of montaynes·s of hills/ of woods of mareys and of moors. the land is soft rayny· wyndy· and low by the see side and withyn hilly and sondy. Solynus/ there is great plente of noble pasture and of lose/ therefore the beestes must be oft drive out of their pasture leeste they eat overmuch for they should shende hein self if they might eat at their wylle· Gir· Men of that land have comunely their health/ and strangers have oft a perilous flux by cause of the moisture of the meet/ the flesh of kine is there wholesome and swines flesh unholsome· Men of that land have no fever but only the fever ague. and that right seld/ therefore the holsomnes and health of that land and the cleanness out of venom. is worth all the boost and richesse of trees of herbs of spycerye/ of rich clotheses and of precious stones of the eeste lands/ ¶ The cause of the health and holsomnes of that land is the attemperat hete and cold that is therinne/ ¶ In quibus rebus sufficit In this land been moo kine than Oxen/ more pasture than corn. more grass than seed/ ¶ There is great plente of salmon of lamprayes of Eelis and of other see fish Of eagles/ of Cranes of peacock's/ of Curlewes of sperhaukes/ of goshaukes and of gentle faucons. Of wolves/ and right shrewd mice/ there been attercoppes blood soukere and eeftes that done none harm/ There been feyres lytil of body and full hardy and strong/ There been bernacles fowls like to wild ghees/ which grown wonderly upon trees as it were nature wrought again kind/ Men of religion eat bernacles on fasting days by ●ause they been not engendered of fflesshe wherein as me thinketh they erre· For reason is against that· Fro if a man. had eten of Adam's legge· he had eten flesshe· And yet Adam was not engendered of father and moder·s but that fflesshe came wonderly of thearth & so this fflesshe cometh wonderly of the tree/ In this land is plente of honey and of mykle of win and not of vine yerdes'/ Solinus and ysidorus written that Irlond hath no bees Netheles it were better written that Irlond hath bees and no vyneyerdes Also Beda saith that there is great hunting to robuckes/ And it is know that there been none. It is no wonder of beda for he saw never that land but some men had told him such tales/ Also there groweth that stone saxogonus and is called Iris also/ as it were the rain bow/ if that stone be hold against t●e son anon it shall shape a reynbowe· there is also founden a stone that is called gagates and white margery perlis In avibus rebus deficit· wheat corns been there full small uneath cleansed with man's hand Reserved men· all beestes been smaller there than in other lands. there lacked well nigh all/ manner ffysshe of Fresh water that is not gendered in the see· there lacken unkind falcons gerfawcons. partrychiss Fesaunte Nyghtyngale and pyrs/ there lacken: also Roose and buck and ylespyles wonts and other venomous beestes therefore some men ●●ynen and that favourably that saint patrick cleansed that land of worms & of venomous beestes·s But it is more probable and more skylful that this land was from the beginning always without such wormes·s For venomous beestes and worms dyen there anon if men bring 'em thither out of other lands/ And also venom & poison brought thither out of other lands/ lesen their malice as son as it passeth themyddel of the See/ ¶ Also powdre and earth of that land cast and sown in other lands driven away worms so farforth that if a turf of that land be put about a worm it sleeth him or maketh him thrill the earth for tescape away/ In that land cocks crow but lytil to fore day· so that the first crowing of cocks in that land and the thyrdde in other lands been like far to fore the day   

¶ De Incolis prioribus ¶ Capitulum 33  
GYraldus saith that Casera Noes niece dread the flood and fled with three men and fifty women in to that Ilond and dwelled therein first the last year to fore no's flood/ But afterward bartholanus Seres son that come of japhet no's son come thither with his three sons by hap or by craft three honderd year after no's flood and dwellid there and encreced to the number of ix/ M/ men/ And afterward for stench of kareyns of geants that they had killed/ they deyden all save one ruanus that lived a thousand and five honderd year unto saint patriks time/ And informed the holy man of the foresaid men/ and of all their doingisand deeds/ then the thyrdde time come thither Nymeth out of Sichia with his four sons and dwelled there ij honderd year and sixteen. and atte last of his offspring by dyuse mishaps of wars and of moreyn they were clean destroyed and the land left void ij/ C year after· the fourth time five dukes that were brethren gandius/ genandus Sagandius/ Rutheragus sclavius of the foresaid nimethiss successors come out of grece & occuppyed that land & deled it in five parties. And every party contained/ xxij/ candredes ¶ A candrede is a countraye that containeth an honderd towns/ & they set a stone in the myddel of the land as it were in the navel & beginning of/ v/ kingdoms/ Atte last slanius was made king of all the londe· the fift time when this nation was xxx year to guider they wax feeble. four noble men that were myllesius the kings sons come out of spain with many other in a navy of/ lx/ ships/ and two of the worthiest of these four brethren that hit hiberus and hermon deled the land between hem twain But afterward covenant was broken between hem both and hiberus was slain thenne hermon was king of all that land/ & from his time to the first patriks time were kings of that nation sex score & euleven. & so fro the coming of the hybermensis unto the first patrick were a thousand year and viij·C/ They had that name hibermenses & hibernicis of the foresaid hiberus. or else of hiberoes a river of spayne· they were called also Gaytels and scots of one/ gaytelus that was phenius nephew/ this gaytelus coude speak many languages after the languages that were made at nemproths tour/ And wedded one scota pharoes daughter/ ¶ Of these dukes come the hibermenses ¶ Men say that these gaytelus made the yryshe language and called it gaytelaf. as it were a language gathered/ of all languages and tongues Atte last Belinus king of bretayn had a son that hight gurguncius· As this gurguncius come out of denmark atte Irlondes Orcades he fond men that were called basclenses and were come thither out of spain. these men prayed & besought for to have place to dwell Inne· And the king sent 'em to Irlond that was tho void and waste. and ordained and sent with 'em dukes and capitayns of his own/ And so it seemeth that Irlond should long to. brytayn by right of old time ffrom the first saint patrick unto Fedlinudius the king's time four honderd year reigned xxxiij. kynegs everich after other in Irlond In this Fedlinudius time Turgesius' duke and capytayn of Norweyes brought thither men of Norweye and occupied that land and made in many places deep dyches and castles sengle double and triple and many wards strongly walled/ & many thereof stand yet alhoole/ But Irysshe men retch not of castels· For they take woods for castles and mareys and mores for castle dyches ¶ But atte last Turgesius deyde by gyleful wiles of women/ And Englysshe men seyn that gurmundus won Irlond and made thilk dyches/ and make no mention of Turgesius'/ Andrea yrysshe men speak of Turgesius'/ Andrea know not of gurmundus. therefore is to weet that gurmundus had won brytayn and dwelled therinne/ And sent Turgesius with great strength in to yrlond for to win that land/ and by cause Turgesius was Capytayn and leder of that voyage and journey and seen among them therefore yrysshe men speak moche of him as a noble man that was seen in that land and known. Atte last when gurmundus was slain in Fraunce· Turgesius'/ loved the kings daughter of meth in Irlond. And her father behighted Turgesius that he would send her him to the low lacherin with xv. maidens. And Turgesius promised to meet 'em there with. xu· of the noblest men that he had/ And held covenant and thought no gyle. but there come/ xv/ young berdles men clothed like women with short sword under her clotheses/ and fill on turgesius and slew him right there and so he was traitoursly slain after he had reigned/ thirty/ yere· Not long after three brethren amelanus Syracus and iourus come in to Irlond with her men out of Norway as it had been for lone of peace and of merchandise and dwelled by the see sides by assent of Irysshe men/ that were always ydel as paul's knights/ And the norway's builded three cytees·s develyn waterford and lymeryche. and encreced and after wax rebel against men of that land and brought first sparths in to Irlond/ So fro Turgesius' time unto Rotheriks' time king of cannaccia that was the last that was king of all the land were xvij kings in Irlond And so the kings that reigned in Irlond from the first hermons time unto the last Rotheriks time were in all an honderd four score and one knygis that were not crowned neither enoynted ne by law of heritage. but by might maystrye & by strength of Armes·s The second harry king of Englond made this Rotherick subgette the year of king harry's age forty. and of his regne xvij· the year of our lord xj C lxxij   

¶ De Incolarum moribus Solynus· ¶ Capitulum/ 34  
SOlinus saith that men of this land been strange of nation houseles and great fyghters'/ and acounte right and wrong all for one thing and been syngel of clothing scarce of meet cruel of heart and angry of speech. and drinketh first blood of deed men that been slain and thenne wesshen their visages there with/ and hold hem paid with fflesshe and fruit in stead of meet and with mylke· in stead of drink/ & use moche pleing Idleness & hunting & travail full lytil/ In their childhood they been hard norysshed & hard fed & they be unseemly of manners & of clothing and have breach and hosen all one of wool and straight hodes that scretcheth a cubyte over the shoulders behind and foldynges in stead of mantles and of cloaks/ Also they use no saddles/ boots ne spurs when they Ride. But they drive their horses with a Chambered yard in the over ende· in stead of bits with trenches and of bridles of Reest they use bridles that let not their horse to eat their meet/ they fight unarmed naked in body netheles with two darts and speres·s and with brood sparths they fight with one hand/ these men forsake tylyeng of land and kepen pasture for beestes/ they use long beards & long locks hanging down behind her heedes·s they use no craft of flax of wool of metal ne of merchandise but yeve 'em to idleness and to sloth and rekene rest for liking and freedom for richesse/ And though Scotland the daughter of Irlond use harp tymbre and tabor. Netheles Irysshe men be cunning in two manner Instrumentis of music in harp & tymbre that is armed with wire & strenges of brass. In which Instruments though they play hastily and swiftly/ they make right merry Armonye and melody with thyck tewnes werbles and notes. And begin from bemol●and play secretly under dim sown in the great strenges and torn again unto the same. So that the greatest party of the craft hideth the craft/ as it would seem as though the cra●● so hid should be ashamed/ if it were take/ these m●n been of 〈◊〉 manner in her living they pay no tythes·s they wed lawfully they spare not their alyes but the brother weddeth the brode●● wife they been busy for to betray their neighbours & other. they 〈◊〉 sparths in their hands in stead of staves and fight against them that trust most to them· these men been variable and vnst●●faste trechours and gyleful·s who that dealeth with them 〈◊〉 more to be ware of gyle than of craft of peace than of brennyn● brands/ of honey than of galle· of malice than of knighthood ● They have such manners that they been not strong in wars in battle ne· true in pers. they become gossibs to them that they will falsely bitraye in the gossibrede & holy kindred/ everich drinketh others blood when it is shed. they love somdele her no●ice ● her pleyfers which that suck the same milk that they souked while they were children And they poursiewe their brethren their cousins and their other kyn· And despisen their kin while ● they live/ And avenge their death when they be slain/ So long● hath the usage of evil cu●tomme endured among them that 〈◊〉 hath gotten the maistrye over them and turned treason in to kind so farforth that they been traitors by nature/ and alyens and m●n of strange lands that dwell among them folowen their manners that uneath there is none but he is besmitted with their treason also/ Among them many men pissen sitting and women standing. there been many men in that land fowl shapen in limbs and in body/ For in their limbs they lack the benefi●e· of kind/ So that nowher been none better shapen than they that be there well shapen & none worse shapen than they that be evil shapen And skylfully nature hurt and defowled by w●ckednes of living bringeth forth such foul grooms and evil shapen of 'em that with unlawful dealing with fowl manners and evil living so wickedly defowleth kind. and nature/ In this land and in wales old wives and women were wont and been yet as men seyne oft for to shape themself in likeness of hares for to milk their neighbours kine and steel her milk/ And oft gerhoundes rennen after hem and poursiewe them and weenen that they be hares/ Also some by craft of nygromancye make fat swine for to be reed of colour and sell them in markettis and feyres·s But assoon as the swine pass any water they turn in to their own kind/ whether it be straw/ hay grass or turfs/ But these swine may not be kept by no craft for tendure in likeness of swine over three days/ Among these wonders and other take heed that in the uttermost end of the world falled oft new merueylles and wondres. As though kind played with larger love secretly and far in thends than openly and neygh the myddel/ therefore in this Ilonde been many grisly wonders and meruaylles   

¶ De locorum prodigijs· Giraldusus Merueylles of Irlond/ ¶ Capitulum/ 35  
MAny men tellen that in the northside of. Irlond is the land of life. In that Ilond noman may die but when they been old and be vexed with great s●kenes· they been born out in to the next land and die there/ ¶ There is another ylond in Irlond that no woman therein may bear a childe· but yet she may conceive Also there is an Ilond in which no deed body may rotten In ultonia that is vlster is an Ilond in a lake wonderly departed in twain/ In that one party is great disturbance and discomfort of Fendes/ And in that other party great liking and comfort of holy Angels·s there is also saint patriks purgatory that was showed at his prayers to confirm his preaching and his lore· when he preached to misbelieved of sorrow and of pain that evil men should suffer for her wicked works/ And of joy & bliss that good men shall receive for her holy deeds. He telleth that who that suffereth the pains of that purgatorye· if it be enjoyed him for penance. he shall never suffer the pains of helle-but he die finally without repentance of sin/ as the ensample is set more full at this chapytres end ¶ Trevisa/ But truly noman may be saved. but if he be very repentant what sommever penance he do/ And every man that is very repentant at his lives end/ shall be sikerly saved/ though he never here of saint patriks purgatory/ There is an Ilond in Cannacte Salo that is in the see of Conaccia halewed by saint Brandan/ that hath no mice. there deed bodies been not buried but been kept out of thearth and rotten not/ In mamonia is a well/ who that washeth him with the water of that well he shall wax whore on his heed/ there is another well in ultonia. who somever is wesshen therein he shall never wax whore afterward/ There is a well in mownstre or momonia/ if. any man touch that well anon shall fall great rain in all the province/ ¶ And that rain shall never cease/ till a priest that is a clean maid sing a mass in a chapel fast by and bless the water and with milk of a Cow that is of one here bespring the well/ And so reconcile the well in this strange manner At glyndalcan about the Oratorye of saint keywyn withges berith apples as it were apple trees & been more wholesome than savoury/ that holy saint brought forth these apples by prayers for to heel his child that was seek There is a lake in ulster and moche fyssh therein which is xxx mile in length and xv in brede· the river ban runneth out of that lake in to the north Ocean And men say that this lake began in this manner/ there were men in that country that were. of evil living/ coeuntes cum brutis/ And there was a well in that land in great reverence of old. time and always coverd· and if it were left uncovered the well would rise and drown all the land: & so it happened that a woman went to that well for to fetch water And hied her fast to her child that wept in the cradbe and left the well uncovered/ than the well sprung so fast that it drowned the woman and her child and made all the country a lake & ffyssheponde· for to prove that this is soothe it is a great argument that when the weder is clear/ Fysshers' of that water see in the ground under the water Round towris and high shapen as steeples and churches of that land/ In the northsyde of Irlond in the country of Ossiriens. every seven year atte prayer of an holy abbot. twain that been wedded a man and a woman must needs be exiled and forshappen in to likeness of wolves and abide out seven year/ And at th'end of seven year/ if they live they come home again and take again their own shape/ And then shall other twain go forth in their stead and so forshapen for other seven year/ there is a lake in this land if a pool of tree be pight and stycked therein that part of the shaft or pool that is in thearth shall torn in to iron/ And that part that abideth in the water shall torn in to stone· And the part that abideth above shall be tree in his owen kind. Also there is a lake that torneth hazel in to asshe and asshe in to hazel if it be done therein/ ¶ Also in Irlond been three salmon leepes·s there as samons lepee against a roche a long spears length/ Also in lagenia is a pond/ theridamas be seen colmen birds/ the birds been cleped certelles & come homely to man's honde. but if men do 'em wrong or harme· they gone a way and come not again/ & the water there shall wax bitter & stink/ And he that died the wrong shall not asterte without wretch and meschyef but if be do amendss/ ¶ R As touching patriks purgatorye· you shall understand that the second s●int patrick that was abbot and not bishop while he preached in Irlonde laboured and studied for to torn thilk wicked men that lived as beestes out of her evil life for dread of pains of helle· And for to confirm 'em in good life/ And they said they would not torn but some of them might know somewhat of the great pains/ and also of bliss that he spoke of ¶ Thenne saint Patrick prayed to god almighty therefore/ And our lord Jesus crist appierid to saint patrick and took him a staff/ and lad him in to a wild place and showed him there a Round pit that was dark within and said/ that if a man were very repentant and stable of bileve and went in to this pit and walked therinne a day and a night he should see the sorrows and the pains of evil men and the joy and bliss of good men/ ¶ Thenne crist vanyssyhed out of patriks sight/ And saint patrick arered & builded there a chirche· and put therein canons Reguler· and closed the pit about with a walle· and is now in the church yard at est end of the church/ and fast shytte with a strong door/ for noman should go in nicely with out leave of the bishop or of the Prior of the place ¶ Many men went in and came out again in patriks tyme· And told of pains and joy that they had seen· and the merueylles·s that they saw been there yet wreton. And by couse thereof many men turned & were converted to right bileve· also many men went in and came never again ¶ In king stevens time king of Englond a knight that height oweyn went in to saint patriks purgatory/ & came again & dwelled ever after during his life in the needs of thabbey of ludensis that is of thordre of cistews & he told many wonders that he had seen in patriks purgatory. the place is called patriks purgatorye· & the church is named/ Reglis/ ¶ Not man is enjoined for to go in to that purgatory but counseylled that he should not come therinne But take upon him other penance/ and if/ a man have avowed and be stable and will need go therinne he shall first go to the bishop/ And than he shall be sent with lettres to the prioure of the place/ and they both shall counseylle him to leave. and if he will needs go thereto/ he shall be in prayers and in fasting/ xv. days. And after xu days he shall be houseld and led to the door of the purgatory with procession and letanye. and yet he shall be counceylled to leave it And if he be steadfast and will entre the door shall be opened: And he blessed and go on god's name and hold forth his way/ And the door shall be fast shette till the next day And when the time is the prior shall come and open the door/ ¶ And if the man be comen he leadeth him in to the church with procession. And there he shall be xv/ days in prayers and in fasting   

¶ De preconijs sanctorum/ ¶ Capitulum 36  
HCre Graldus maketh mind that as men of this nation been more angry than other men and more hasty for to take wretch whiles they been alive. So seyntes and hallows of this land been more wrecheful than saints of other lands/ clerks of this land been chaste and sayen many prayers and done great abstinence a day and drinketh all night. So that it is accounted for a miracle/ that lechery regneth not there as wine regneth·s And they that been evil of them been worst of all other/ so good men among them though they be but few been good at best/ Prelates of that country been full slow in correction of trespaas and besym contemplation and not in preaching of god's worde· Therefore it is that all the saints of that land. been confessors & no martyr among them and no wonder. For all the prelate's of this land been choose out of abbeys in to the clergy/ ¶ And done as monks sholde· what Clerks and prelate's should do is to them unknowen· therefore when it was put against the bishop of Cassil how it might be that so many saints been in Irlond & never a martyr among 'em all sith that the men been so shrewd and so angry/ and the prelate's so reckless and slow in correction of trespaas/ the bishop answered frowardly ynowgh and said our men been shrewd and angry ynowgh to hem self. but to god's servants they ●eye never honde/ but do to hem great reverence and worship· But Englysshe men come in to this land that can make martres and were wont to use that craft/ ¶ R The bishop said so by cause that king harry the second was tho new comen in to Irlond fresshly after the marterdom of saint thomas of Counterbury/ ¶ Gir· in this land in wales and in scotland been bells and staves with crooked heeds and other such things for relyquyes in great reverence & worship/ So that men of this land dreaden more for to swear upon any of thilk bells & gold staves than upon the gospel· The chief of all such relyquyes is hold Jesus' staf· that is at develyn/ with the which staf· they say that the first saint patrick droo● the worms out of Irlond ¶ Augustinus de civitate d●i/ Capitulo septimo. if men ask how it may be that diverse manner beestes and of dyverce kind that been kindly gotten between male and female come and been in Ilondes after no's flood/ Men supposen that such beestes swum in to Ilondes aboute· And first to the next and so forth in to other Or else men seylly●● in to ylondes brought with 'em such beestes f●r love of hunting or angels at god almyghtyes commandment brought such beestes in to Ilondes about. or the earth brought 'em forth first and fulfilled though god's commandment that commanded the earth to bring forth grass and quick beestes   

¶ De Scocia ¶ Capitulum/ 37  
it is a common saw that the Country which now is named Scotland is an out stretching of the north party of britayn· & is departed in the southside· from britain with arms of the see/ And in the other sides all about byclypped with the see This land heet sometime Albania· and hath that name of Albanactus that was king brutus' son/ For Albanactus' dwelled first the●nne/ Or of the province Albania. that is a country of Scicia and nigh to amasona· therefore Scots been called as it were scites·s For they came out of Scicia/ Afterwards that land heet pyctavia. For the pyctes reigned therinne a thousand year/ and lxx/ Or some men tell a thousand three honderd. lx· year And atte last heet hibernia as Irlond heygthe/ Gir in top For many skills one skill is for affynyte and ally that was between them and yrysshe men/ For they took wives of yrlond and that is openly seen in her bileve· in clothing in language and in speech in weepen and in manners ¶ Another skylle is for Irysshe men dwelled there sometime/ Beda/ libro primo Out of yrlond that is the proper countraye of the scots come yrysshe men with her duke that was called renda· And with love & with strength made 'em chief seas and cities beside the pyctes in the northsyde Gir/ Now the land is shortly called scotland of scots that come out of yrlond & reigned therinne ·iij/ C/ xv/ year unto the rede william's time that was malcolyns broder· R. many evydencis we have of this scotland that it is oft called and heyte hibernia as yrlond doth/ therefore beda libro 2. c· p/ saith that laurence archibisshop of dunbar was archibisshop of scots that dwelled in an ylond that heet hibernia & is next to brytayne. Also beda li/ 3· c/ 27. saith Pestilence of moreyn bore donn hibernia/ Also. libro tercio· capitulo secundo saith that the scots that dwelled in the south side of hibernia/ also libro 4· capitulo tercio/ he saith that chadde was a youngling and learned the rule of monks in hibernia/ Also libro quarto capitulo visesimo secundo/ Egfridus king of northumberland destroyed hibernia. Also libro· 4 ca 15. The most deal of scots in hibernia/ And in the same chapytre he clepeth hibernia properly named/ That west ylonde is an honderd mile from everich brytayne and departed with the see between/ And called hibernia that countray that now is called scotland/ there he telleth that adanman abbot of this ylond seyled to hibernia for to teach yryshmen the lawful Easter day And atte last came again in to scotlond· Ysi/ ethli 14. Men ofthiss scotland/ been named scots in their own language & pyctes also· for sontymeher body was peinted in this man. they would sometime with a sharp egged toll prick & kerue her own bodyes·s & make thereon dyuse figures & shappes/ & peynte 'em with Ink or with other peynture/ or colour· And by cause they were so painted they were called picti/ that is to say painted ¶ Erodotus Scots been light of heart. strange and wild ynowgh/ but by. meddling of Englysshe men they been moche amended/ they been cruel upon their enemies And hateth bondage most of any thing/ And hold for a foul sloth if a man die in his bed ¶ And great worship if he die in the field. They been lytil of meet and mow fast long/ And eten seld when the son is up/ ¶ And eat flesh fish milk and fruit more than breed. And though they been fair of shape They been defowled and made unseemly ynowgh with their own clothing. they praise fast the usage of their own forfaders·s And despysen other men's doing/ her ●onde is fruytful ynowgh in pasture gardyns and fields/ Gir/ de/ p/ capitulo/ 18/ The princes of Scots as the kings of spayn been not wont to been enjointed ne crowned. In this Scotland is solemn and great mind of saint andrew thapostle. For saint Andrew had the north countries of the world scytes and pyctes to his lot for to preach and convert the people to Cristes believe/ And was atte last martyred in achaia in Grecia in a cyte that was named patras/ And his bones were kept two honderd ·lxxij/ year unto constantinus themperours time/ And thenne they were translated in to Constantinoble & kept there an. C/ & ten year unto theodosius themperours tyme· Thenne ungust king of pyctes in Scotland destroyed a great party of brytayn and was bisette with a great host of britons in a field called mark/ And he herd saint Andrew speak to him in this manner/ ungus/ ungus/ here thou me Christ's apostle/ I promise the help and succour/ when thou hast overcomen thine enemies by mine help. thou shalt yeve the third deal of thine heritage in alms to god almighty and in worship of saint Andrew· & the sign of the cross went to fore his host. And the thyrdde day he had victory and so turned home again/ and deled his heritage as he was boden. And for he was uncertain what cyte he should deal for saint andrew/ he fasted three days/ he & his men prayed saint andrew that he would show him what place he would cheese/ And one of the wardeyns that kept the body of saint andrew in Constantynoble was warned in his sweven that he should go in to a place whyder an angle would lede him. And so he came in to Scotland with seven felaws to the top of an hill named Ragmund/ The same hour light of heaven bishone and byclypped the king of pyctes that was coming with his host to a place called carcevan/ There anon were healed many seek men/ there met with the king Regulus the monk of constantynoble with the relics of saint Andrew ¶ There is founded a church in worship of saint Andrew That is heed of all the churches in the land of pyctes that is scotland/ To this church comen pylgryms out of all lands/ there was regulus first abbot and gathered monkes·s And so all the tienthe land that the king had assigned him he departed it in diverse places among abbeys/   

¶ De wallia  

Now this book taketh on honde  
Wales to fore englond  
So take I my tales/  
And wend in to wales/  
To that noble blood  
Of priamus blood  
Knowleche for to win.  
Of great jupiter's kin  
For to have in mind  
Dardanus kind  
In these four titles I fond  
To tell thestate of that land  
Cause of the man I shall tell  
And then praise the land & well  
Then I shall write with my pen  
all the manners of the men  
Thenne I shall fond  
To tell merueilles of the land  
Of the name how it is named wales  
Wales now is called wallia  
And sometime it heet cambria  
For camber brutes son  
Was prince & there died won  
Thenne wallia was to mean/  
For gwalaes the queen  
King ebrancus child  
was wedded thither mild  
And of that lord gwalon  
withdraweth of the sound  
And put to/ l· i· a  
And thou shalt find wallia/  
And though this land  
Be moche less than englond  
As good glebe is one as other  
In the daughter as in the mother  
Of the commodytees of the land of wales  
Though that land be luyte.  
It is full of corn & of fruit  
And hath great plente ywies  
Of flesh & eke of fish  
Of beestes tame & wild  
Of horse sheep oxen mild  
Good land for all seeds/  
For corn grass & herbs that spredes  
There been woods & medes/  
Herbs & flowers there spredes  
There been rivers & wells  
Valleys & also hills  
Valleys bring forth flood  
And hills metals good  
Cool groweth under land  
And grass above atte honde  
There lime is copious  
And slattes for house.  
honey & milk white/  
There is deynte & not light  
Of braket methe and ale  
Is great plente in that vale  
And all that needeth to the live  
That land bringeth forth rive.  
But of great riches to be draw  
And close many in short saw  
Hit is a corner small  
As though god first of all  
made that land so feel  
To be selere of all hele  
Wales is deled by/  
A water that heet twy/  
North-wales from the south/  
Twy delith in places full couth.  
The south heet demecia  
And the other venedocia/  
The first shoteth & arrows beres.  
that other dealeth all with spears.  
In wales how it be  
Were sometime courts three  
At carmarthyn was that one  
And that othir was in moan  
The third was in powysy  
In pengwern that now is shrousbury  
There were bishops seven  
And now been four even·s  
Under saxons all atte honde  
Sometime under pinces of that land   

¶ Of manner & rites of the walssmen  
The manner living of that londe·  
Is well diverse from englond  
In meet & drink & clothing  
And many other doing/  
They be clothed wonder well  
In a shirt & in a mantel  
A crisp breach well fain  
Both in wind & in rain.  
In this clothing they be bold  
Though the weder be right cold  
Without sheets always  
Evermore in this array  
They go fight pleye & lepe  
stand sit lie & sleep  
Without surcot goun cote & kirtle.  
Without iopen tabard cloc or bell/  
without lace & chaplet that her laps  
Without hode hat or cappes·s  
Thus arrayed goon the sedges  
And always with bore legs  
They keep none other going/  
Though they meet with the king  
With arrows & short spears  
They fight with them that hem deres  
They fight better if they needen  
When they go than when they ridden  
In stead of castle & tour  
They take wood & mareiss for so/  
When they see it is to do cour/  
In fighting they will be a go·  
Gildas saith they been variable  
In peace & not stable  
If men ask why it be  
It is wonder for to see  
Though men put out of land  
To put out other would fond  
But all for nought at this stand  
For all many woods been at gronde  
And upon the see among  
Ben castles builded strong  
The men may dure long un eat  
And love well comune meet  
They can eat & been mury/  
Without great cury.  
They eat breed cold & hoot  
Of barley & of ote  
Brode cakes round & thin  
As well seemeth so great kin  
seld they eat breed of wheet  
And seld they done one's eat  
They have gruel to pottage  
And lekes kind to companage/  
Also butter milk & cheese  
Y shape enlong & corner wese  
Such messes they eat snel  
And that maketh hem drink well  
Methe & ale that hath might  
thereon they spend day & night  
Ever the redder is the win.  
They hold it the more fyn  
When they drink atte ale  
They tell many a lewd tale  
or when drink is an hondling  
They been full of jangling/  
Atte meet and after eke  
Her solace is salt and leke  
The husband in his wise  
Telleth that a great prise/  
to yeve a caudron with gruel  
To hem that sitten on his meal  
He dealeth his meet at meal  
And yeveth every man his deal.  
And all the overpluse  
He keepeth to his own use/  
Therefore they have woe  
And mishaps also  
They eat hoot salmon always/  
All though phisik say nay  
Her houses been low with all  
And made of yerdes' small  
Not as in citres nyhe/  
But far a sunder & not to hihe  
When all is eten at home/  
Then to her neighbours will they  
& eat what they may find & see/  
And then torn home a you. roam  
The life is idle that they ledes  
In brenning sleeping & such deeds  
Walsshmen use with her myght·s  
to wesshe their guests fret a night  
If he wessh her feet all & somme·  
Then they know that they be well  
They live so easily in a rout  
That seld they bear purse about  
At her breach out & home come  
They hung their money & comb/  
It is wonder they be so hende  
And hate crack at neither ende·  
And without any core·  
Make their wardrobe atte door  
They have in great mangery/  
harp tabor and pipe for minstralcie  
They bear corpse with sorrow gret·  
and blow loud horns of gheet  
They praise fast trojan blood  
For thereof come all her broad/  
Neyh kin they will be  
Though they passen an ·C/ degree/  
above other men they will hem diȝt  
& worship priests with her might  
As angels of heaven right  
they worship servants of god.  
Often giled was this brood  
And yearned battle all for wooed  
For merlins ꝓphecie almyght  
And often for sortelegye.  
Best in manners of britons.  
For company of saxons  
Ben turned to better right  
That is known as clear as light  
they tillen gardens field & downs  
And draw 'em to god towns  
They ride armed as will god  
And go y hosed & you  
And sitten fair at her meal  
And sleep in beds fair & fele·  
So they seem now in mind  
Moore englissh than walssh kind  
If men ask why they now do so  
Moore than they wont to do/  
They lyven in more peace  
Because of their riches  
For their catel should slake  
If they used oft wreck  
dread of loss of her good  
Make them now still of mode  
Albina in one it is brought  
Have nothing & dread naught/  
The poet saith a saw of preef/  
the foteman singeth tofore the thef/  
And is bolder on the way/  
than the horsemen rich and gay   

Of the marueylles & wonders of wales  
There is a pool at brechnok  
therein of fish is many a flok  
often he changes his hew on cop  
And bereth· above a gardin crop  
Oft time how it be  
Shape of house there shall thou see  
When the pole is frore it is wonder  
Of the noise that is there under  
If the prince of the land hoot/  
Briddes sing well merry noot/  
As merrily as they can  
And sing for none other man/  
Besides carlion  
Two mile fro the toun  
Is a roche well bright of leem  
Right against the son beam/  
Goldelyf that roche height  
For it shineth as gold full bright  
Such a flower in stone is naught  
withowt fruit if it were sought/  
If men could by craft undo  
the veins of thearth. & come thereto  
Many benefice of kind  
Ben now hide fro man's mind  
And been unknown yet/  
For defawte of man's wit  
great treasure is hide in ground  
And after this it shall be found  
By great study & business  
Of 'em that come after us/  
that old men had by great need  
We have by busy deed/ Trevisa  
In books you may rede  
that kind faileth not at need/  
When noman had craft in mind  
then of craft halp god & kind  
When no techer was in land  
Men had craft by god's honde  
they that had craft so thenne/  
taught forth craft to other men  
some craft that yet come not in place  
some man shall have by god's grace  
R· an ylond is with nois & strif  
In west Wales at kerdyf  
Fast by Severn strand  
Barry hiht that ylond  
In that hither side in a chene/  
Shall thou here wonder dene  
And diverse noys also  
If thou put thine ere to.  
Noys of leves & of wind  
Noys of metal thou shalt find  
Froting of yren & whestones thou  
heating of ovens then with fire  
all this may well be shalt here/  
By wawes of the see  
that breaketh in there  
With such noys and far/  
At penbrook in a stead.  
Fendes do oft quede  
And throweth foul thing in  
And despiseth also sin.  
Neither craft ne beads may/  
Do thence that sorrow away  
when it grieveth so  
To the men it bodeth woo·  
At crucinar in west wales  
Is a wonder burials  
Every man that cometh it to see  
Seemeth it even as moche as 〈◊〉  
Hool weepen there a night  
Shall be broken ere day light·  
At nemyn in northwalis.  
A litil ylond there is  
That is called bardysey  
Monks dwell there always  
Men live so long in that hur'st/  
That the oldest deyed first/  
Men saye that merlin there buried is  
That hight also siluestris  
There were merlyns twain  
And prophesied beyne  
One hit ambrose & merlyn  
And was y goten by gobelyn.  
In demecia at carmerthyn.  
Under king vortigerin  
He told his prophecy  
Even in snowdonye·  
Atte heed of the wat of coneway  
In the side of mount eriri  
Dynas embreys in walsshe  
Ambrose hill in englysshe/  
King vortigere sat on/  
The water side & was full of won  
Then ambrose merlin ꝓphecied  
to fore him right tho. Trevisa  
What wit would ween.  
Thate a fend might gete a child  
Somme men would mean  
that he may no such werk weld  
That fiend that goth a night/  
women full oft to guile  
jucubus is named by right.  
And gyleth men otherwhile  
Succubus is that wight  
God grant us none such vile.  
Who that cometh in her gyle  
Wonder hap shall he smile  
With wonder deed  
Both men & women seed  
Fendes will kepe·  
With craft & bring an heepe  
So fendes wild  
May make women bear child/  
Yet never in mind/  
Was child of fendes kind  
For withouten eye  
There might no such child die  
clergy maketh mind  
Death sleeth no fendes fond  
But death slow merlin  
Merlin was ergo no gobeblin/  
Another merlin of albin land/  
That now is named scotland·  
And he had names two  
Silvestris and calidonius also  
Of that wood calidoni  
For there he told his prephecie/  
And heet siluestris as well  
For when he was in batel  
And saw above a grisly kind  
And fill anon out of his mind  
And made no more abood  
But ran anon unto the wood·  
Trevisa Silvestris is wood/  
Other wild of mode  
Other elliss/  
That at wood he duelles  
R. Silvestris merlyn  
Told prophecy well & fyn  
And prophesied well sure  
Under king Arthure/  
Openly & not so cloos  
As merlyn ambros  
Theridamas been hills in snowdonye  
That been wonderly high  
With height as great a way.  
As a man may go a day  
And heet eriri on walsshe.  
Snowy hills in englysshe  
In these hills there is  
Leese enough for all beestes of walis  
These hills on coppe beres  
Two great fish wears/  
Contained in that one pond/  
Meveth with the wind an ylond  
As though it died swim  
And neyheth to the brim  
So the heerdes have great wonder  
And ween that the world meveth  
In that other is perch & fish under/  
Every one eyed is  
So fareth al· well  
In albania the mylwel/  
In rutlond by tetingel  
Theridamas is a lytil well  
That floweth not always/  
As the see twice a day  
But sometime it is dreye  
And sometime full by the eye·  
Theridamas is in norwallia  
In mon that heet anglesia  
A stone according well neyhe  
As it were a man's thyhe/  
How far ever that stone/  
Be born of any money  
On night it goth home his way  
That he fond by assay  
Hugh th'earl of shrewsbury·  
In time of the first harry/  
For he would the sooth find  
That stone to anothir he 'gan bind  
With great chains of iron/  
And threw all yferen.  
Y bound at one heepe  
In to a water deep  
Yet a morrow that stone/  
Was seen erly in mon/  
A cherle held himself full sligh  
And bond this stone to his thy  
His thigh was rotten or day/  
And the stone went away  
If men done lechery  
Neyhe that stone by  
Swote cometh of that stone  
But child cometh there none  
There is a roche right wonderly.  
Th● roche of hearing by country/  
Though there cry any man born  
And blow also with an horn  
Noise there made though thou abide  
Thou shalt here none in this side  
Theridamas is another ylonde  
Fast by money at honde  
Hermytes there been rive  
If any of 'em don strive  
all the mice that may be gete  
Come & eat all their meet  
Thenne seceth never that woe  
Till the strife sense also  
As men in this land/  
Been angry as in yrlond  
So seyntes of this country/  
Been also wrecheful always.  
Also in this land  
In yrlond & in scotland/  
Been bells & staves  
That in worship men haves/  
And been worshipped so thenne/  
Of clerks & of lewd men  
That dreaden also/  
To sweren on any of though  
Staff either bell  
As it were the gospelle  
At basyngwerke is a well  
That sacer hete as men telle·  
hit springeth so sore as men may see  
What is cast in it throweth a you  
Thereof springeth a great strand  
It were ynowgh for all the land  
Seek at that place  
Have both hele & grace  
In the welmes after than one's  
Ben found reed sperclid stones  
In token of the blood reed  
That the maid wenefrede  
Shad at that pit  
when her throat was kytte  
He that died that deed  
Hath sorrow on his seed  
His children at all stounds  
Berken as welpes & hounds  
For to they pray that maid grace  
Right at that well place  
Either in shrowsbury street  
There that maid rests sweet    

¶ De britannia ¶ Capitulum 39  
AFter the Ilond of Ocean now brytayn shall be described By cause of britayn all the travail of this story was begined. The first point that shall be told shall be of the names of the ylond/ then of the stead & place of length and breed/ the thyrdd of the worthiness of the londe· the fourth of merueylles and wonders that been therinne/ the fifth of the chief party of the londe· the sixth of ylondes that been besides that londe· the seventh of the kings heyhe wayes·s the viij of famous rivers and stremes·s the ·ix· of old cities and townes·s the tenth of provinces and shires/ the xj/ of laws and of names of laws/ the ·xij of kyngedoms of bounds and of merkes between kingdoms/ the/ xiij/ of bysshopriches & of bishops seas/ the xiiij how many manner men have dwelled in that ylond/ the fifteenth of language of manners & of usage of men of that land  

¶ De varia insule nuncupacione  
first this land heyte albyon/ as it were the white land of white rokkes about the clives of the see that were seen fro far. Afterwards bruyte conquered this land/ And called it britain after his own name. thenne saxons or englysshe men conquered this land and called it anglia that is englond or it is called anglia of a queen that owed this land that was named angela/ and was a noble duke's daughter of the saxons·s or as ysid saith eth/ 15/ Anglia hath that name as it were an angle and a corner of the world/ or else as beda saith libro primo· saint gregory saw englysshe children to sell at Rome. And he acorded to the name of the land and said they been soothly anglis. For her face shineth as angels/ For the noblete of the land shone in the children faces. Alfred ¶ The brytysshe Anglia is cleped the other world and for great plenty of all good the great charles called it his own chambre/ Solynus/ The edge of the French clyf should be the end of the world if the ylonde of brytayn ne were not· which is worthy to have the name of another world/ ¶ Al●o This Ilond is called Insula· For it is in sa●● that is the see and is beaten of with diverse course of waters with streams and with wawes of the see    

¶ De situ eius et dimensione. plenius libro secundo capitulo. 77 ¶ Capitulum 40  
THis britayn is accounted a noble land. both in our storye● and also in the stories of greeks/ and is set against Ge●●man●a gallia France and spain between the north and the west and the see bytwene· this land is fifty mile from the clyf of the men that be called morini gessorico Beda libro primo And for this ylond lieth under the north heed of the world· Hit hath light & bright nights in the summer time/ So that oftyme at midnight men have questions and doubt whether it be even tide or dawynge/ that is for the time of the yere· that the son goth not far under the earth by night/ But passeth by the north side and cometh son in to the eest again. And therefore in the summer been there days full long of xviij hours. And the nights of six hours/ And after in the winter been long nights of/ xviij: hours and short days of uj Also in Armenia/ Macedonia/ Italia and in other lands of the same line the lengest day and lengest night also is of xv hours/ And the shortest day or night is of/ ix/ hours/ Plenius in meroe/ that ylond is chief of black men/ there is the lengest day ·xij hours. In allexandria in egypte of xiij houres·s In ytalia of xv hours. In Brytayn of xviij hours/ In the ylonde named tile in all the six summer months is day· And all the six winter months is night/ ysidorus libro 14 Brytain is set within ocean as it were without the world And is set against France and spain Giraldus ¶ Britain is endlonge and larger. in the myddel than in thends/ Orous· Britain stretcheth in length out of the south in to the north And in the south east side. it hath Fraunce· in the south spayn. In the north norway/ and in the west hiber●ia that is Irlond When shipmen passen the next clyf of that land they see a Cyte that heet rutpimouthe. Beda li primo. That Cyte is now called shortly of englysshe men reptacestre/ Solynus/ britain is/ viij. C mile in lengthe· And it be moten from the clyf of totenesse to the angle of calydon. Alfr· That is from penwithstrete/ xv. mile byyonde mychels stow in Cornewayll unto catenesse that is beyond scotland. And britain is more than two/ C· mile brood from menevia that is the uttemest place in wales unto yarmouthe in norfolk/ beda only ●outake the lengest out sheting of diverse for lands with the which britain is all about ·xlviij/ sith ·lxx. m/ paas   

¶ De prerogativis huius insule attollendis/ gir in top/ ¶ Capitulum 41/  
AS France passeth britayn so Brytayn passeth Irlond in fair weder and noblete/ but not in health/ ¶ Beda libro primo For this ylond is best to bring forth trees and fruit Ruthern and beestes/ And win groweth therinne in some place/ ¶ The land hath plente of fowls and of beestes of diverse manner kynde· The land is plentivous and the see also. The land is noble copious and rich of noble wells and Rivers with plente of Fysshe· Theridamas is great plente of small fish of salmon & of eels/ W/ de 'pon li. 3o. So that the people in some place feedeth their swine with ffyssh ¶ Beda libro primo Theridamas been oft-times taken dolphins·s See calves and balaynes great ffysshes as whales kind/ And diverse manner shelfysshe ¶ Among which shelfysshe been muscles that have within 'em margery pearls of all manner of colour and hewe· of rody and reed purpur and of blue and sp●cially and most of white/ ¶ There is also plente of shellefysshe that men dyen therewith fyn reed. the redenes thereof is wonder fair and stable. and steyneth never with cold ne with heat with weet ne with drye· but ever the older the colour is the fayrer· There been also saltwelles & hot wells. thereof rennen streams of hoot baths departed in to diverse places according for man and woman of all manner age old or young ¶ Basilius saith that the water that runneth and passeth by veins of certain metalle taketh in his course great hete/ This ylond is plentivous of veins of metals/ of brass of iron of lede of tyn· and of silver also. Plenius libro 16/ capitulo sexto/ ¶ In this ylonde under the turf of· the land is good marvel founden/ the thryfte of the fatness drieth 'em self therinne. So that ever the thykker the field is marled/ the better corn it will bear/ There is also another manner white marvel/ that the land is better four score year that therewith is marled ¶ Solynus ¶ In this ylond groweth a stone that is called gagates/ if you will know his fairness/ it 'tis blac as gems been. if you will know his kind/ 〈◊〉 brenneth in water and quencheth in oil. and as to his might/ if the stone be frotted & chauffed it holdeth what him neigheth as succuns a stone that is so named. ysidorus libro 15· there been 〈◊〉 that berin good wulle/ there been many hearts and wild beestes and few wolves/ therefore sheep been the surer without keeping left in the fold. R/ In this ylond also been many cities and towns fair and noble and rich many great Rivers and streams with great plente of ffysshe· many fair woods and great with right many bests tame and wild/ The earth of that land is 〈◊〉 of metal oor. and of salt wells. of quareiss of marbl● of diverse manner stones·s of rede. of white of soft and of hard/ of chalk and of white lyme· there is also white clay & rede for to make pots crokkes stenes and other vessel and brent tile to covere with houses and churches as it were in the other Samia/ that is named samos also. Flaundres loveth well the wulle of this land. And holand the skins and fells/ Guyan the iron and the lede/ Irlond the oor and the salt/ Alle Europa loveth and desireth the white metal of this land/ Alf●/ Brytayn hath enough of matter that there needeth to buy and sell: or is needful to man's use/ there lacketh neither salt ne yron· therefore a vercifiour in his metre preys●●h this land in this manner/ Englond is a good land fruytfulle of wool/ but it is a corner/ Englond is full of pleye/ Fre men well worthy to pleye/ Fre men/ Fre tongues free heart & free been all their things/ their honde is more free and better than their tongue/ ¶ Also englond is beautevous of land Flower of lands all about that land is full paid with fruit & good of his own. that land releveth strange men that hath need thereto/ ¶ And when hunger grieveth other lands. than land feedeth hem/ that land beareth fruit and corn good ynowgh. that land is we● at eese as long as men live in peace. Eeste & west in each land been known well the havens of englond· her ships fondes and oft helpeth many londes·s their meet and moneye· men have there more common always And for to learn men gladly yeve yefts. In lo●de and strand/ wide speak men of englond/ land honey milk cheese/ this ylond thereof shall bear the prize. this ylond hath no need to other lands. all lands must seche help at this alone/ Of the liking of their wone. might wondre king Solomon the richesse that there is an/ would desire octavian   

¶ De mirabilibus in ea stupendis Solynus· Capitulum. 42  
IN brytayn been hoot wells. well arrayed and addressed to the use of mankind. mistress of thylk wells is the great spirit of minerua· In here house the fire endureth alway that never changeth in to asshes·s But there the fire slaketh· it changes in to stony clottes ¶ Alf● ¶ In Britain been many wonders. Netheles four been most wondered/ The first is at pecton there bloweth so strong a wind out of the chines of the earth that it casts up again clotheses that men cast in/ The second is at stonhenge besides salesbury· there been great stones and wonder huge and been rered an high as it were yates·s So that their semen yates set upon other yates/ Netheles it is not known clearly ne apperceyved how and wherefore they been so arrered and so wonderfully hanged/ the thyrdde 'tis atte cherdhoke/ there is a great holownes under earth. oft many men have walked therein and have seen Rivers and streams/ But nowher can they find none ende· the fourth is that rain is seen raised upon hills and a none sprung about in the feldes·s Also there is a great pond that containeth/ lx· ylondes covenable for men to dwell in/ that pond is byclypped about with/ uj/ score roches/ & upon every roche an eagles nest/ And lx Rivers rennen in to that pond/ and none of 'em all rennen in to the see but one/ there is a pond closed about with a wall of tile and of stone/ In that pond men wash and bathe well ofte· & every man feeleth the water hoot or cold right as he will himself/ there been salt wells f●r from the see. & been salt all the week long unto saturday none/ And fresh fro saturday none unto monday/ the water of these wells when it is sudden torneth in to small salt fair and white/ Also there is a pond the water thereof hath wonder wirching/ For though all an host stood by the pond and turned their face thyderward/ the water would draw 'em violently toward the pond and wet all their clotheses so should horse be drawn in the same wise. And if the face be turned away fro the water/ the water noyeth not There is a well that no streme runneth fro neither thereto/ And yet four manner ffysshes be taken therein. that well is but .xx/ foot long and/ xx/ foot broad/ And not deep but to the kne. and closed with high banks on every side/ In the countray about wynchestre is a den or a cave out of that cave bloweth always a strong wynde· so that noman may endure to stand to fore that den or cave/ there is also a pond that torneth tree in to iron if it be therein a year/ And so trees been shapen in to whestones. also there is in the top of an hill a buryels every man that cometh and meeteth that buryel· he shall find it even of his own length and mesure· And if a pylgrym kneel thereto/ anon he shall be all fresh and feel no grief of weariness Gir in top ¶ Fast by the mynster of wynburney that is not far fro bathe is a wood that beareth moche fruit/ if the trees of that wood fall in to water or ground that is neyh and lie there all a year/ the trees tornen in to stones/ Gir in itinere Under the cyte of chestre runneth that river dee that now departeth englond and wales/ that river changeth every month his fords as men of the countray tellen· and leaveth oft the channel. But whether the water draw more toward englond or toward wales/ to what side that it be. that year men of that side have the worse end and be overset. And men of that otherside shall have better end & be at their above/ when the water so changes his course it bodeth such haps/ this river d●e runneth & cometh out of a lake that heet pymblemere/ In that river is great plente of Salmon. netheles in the lake is never Salmon founden· W/ de· r/ libro secundo ¶ Take heed how great light and brightness of God's mildness hath be showed upon englysshe men. sith they turned first to right believe. So that of no men in one province been founden so many hoole bodies of men after her death in likeness of everlastingness that shall be after the day of doom as it well seemeth in these holy saints/ Etheldrede. edmonde/ the king elphege/ Edgar/ Cutberd and saint Edward and many other/ I· trow that it be do by special grace of god almighty for the nation that is set as it were without the world should take heed to during of bodies without coruption & roting and be the more bold and steadfast for to trust on the final arising of deed bodies for to last evermore after the day of doom.   

¶ De partibus brytannye principalibus ¶ Capitulum 34  
AFter the first brutes time the Ilonde of brytayn bygan for· to have the principal partyes·s that been beogria· Cambria that is wales/ And albania that is now scotland· Loegria had that name of locrinus that was brutes oldest son/ and heet Loegria as it were locrinus land/ but now loegria is called Englond/ the bounds & merkes were thereof sometime the frenssh see both by est and by south/ Beda libro primo capitulo visesimo And by north two arms of the see that breaketh far in to the land either against other. but they reach not to gyders· the est arm of thylk tweyn beginneth about a two lytil mile fro the mynstre/ of ebburcuring. in the west side of penulton in that arm is a toun that is called guydy. the west arm of thylk twain hath in the rightside a strong cyte that heet alcliud which in her language is called clintstone/ & standeth upon a river that is called Clynt also. ¶ R Some men would mean that loegria endeth at humber/ and stretcheth no ferther northward. the second party of brytayn is called Albania that is scotland· and hath that name of albanactus bruytes son and stretcheth fro the foresaid two arms of the see northward unto the see of norway. Netheles the south party of albania where as pyctes dwelled sometime lieth from the water of twede unto the scottysshe see/ All that longed sometime to the kingdom of Northumberland. brenycorn/ the northside of northumberland fro the first time of englysshe kings to that time when kynadyus king of scotland that was alpinus son did away the pyctes and so joined that contrary to the kingdom of scotland/ the thyrdde party of brytayn is wales. wallia. that heet Cambria also. And hath that name cambria of camber brutes son/ For he was prince of wales·s In the est s●de Severn departed sometime between englond and wales/ But now in the northside the river dee at chestre and in the south the river that is named vaga at the castle of strygelyn departeth englond. and wales·s Also king Offa for to have a distinction for evermore between the kings of Englond and of wales made a long dyche that stretcheth forth out of the southside by briston under the hills of wales/ northward and passeth the Rivers Severn and d'ye almost to the heeds and unto the mouth of the river dee by yond chestre fast by the castle it runneth between cobehill and the mynstre of basyngwerke in to the see· This dyche is yet in many places seen In saint edwards time welsh men should not pass that dyche with weepen upon a greet pain. and that was at earl beraldes procuring as it shall be said here after/ but now in either sides both ayond half and a this half the dyche & specially in the shires of chestre of shrousbury and of herford· in many places been englysshe men & walsshmen meddled to gyders   

¶ De Insulis britannye adiacentibus ¶ Capitulum 44  
BRytayn hath three ylondes that been nigh and longen thereto all without the ylondes orcades/ as it were answering to the three chief parties of brytayn. for the isle of wight ●ongeth & lieth to loegria that is englond/ The Ilond mon that is called anglesia also longeth to wales·s And the ylond eubonia that hath two other names and is called menavia and man also· which longeth to Scotland· And all these three ylondes wight money and man been almost yliche moche And of the like quantity of the which/ three all arewe now followeth our speech. ¶ Beda libro primo capitulo tercio Claudyus scent vaspasianus and vaspasianus won wight And wight stretcheth out of the est in to the west/ thirty. mile long. And out of the south in to the north xij mile ¶/ And is in the est side six mile fro the south clyf of brytayn· and three mile in the west side/ Beda libro quarto capitulo quinto/ the measure of this ylond as englysshe men guess is a thousand howsholdes and two honderd ¶ Gir in itinere· Mon that is called anglesia also is departed from North-Wales by a short arm of the see as it were two mile brood· In mon been three honderd towns lxiij And been accounted for candredes/ that been three hondredes/ the Ilond is as it were xxx mile long and/ xij/ mile/ cantredus is so moche land as contained an honderd towns. that name cantedrus is made one of two languages of brytysshe and of yryssh. In praising of this ylond walsshe men been wont to say a proverb and an old sawe· Mon main kembry/ that is to say in englyssh mon mother of wales/ For when othir lands lacken mete. that land is so good that it seemeth that it would find corn enough for all the men of wales. therefore vyrgyls verses may be according therto· as moche as guawes·s beestes long Inneth daws So moche eft/ bringeth cold dew in a nyyhte. In that arm of the see that departeth this land and North-Wales is a swolow that draweth ships to it that saylleth by and swoloweth 'em in right as doth cilla and caribdis that been two perilous places in/ the see of mydde●erthe/ therefore men may not sail by this swolow but slily atte full see· R ¶ Of the marueylles and wonders of the ylond mon thou shalt find tofore in the chapytre of wales. Gir in itinere. The third ylond that is called both eubonia and menavia that is man standeth in the myddel between the yrysshe vlster and the scotyssh Gallewaye as it were in the navel of the see Beda libro secundo capitulo nono This ylond man containeth as it were two Ilondes/ The first is southward the more country and the better corn land/ and containeth ix. C and lx husholdes·s ¶ The second containeth the space of three honderd and moo as englisshe men guess Gir in top/ Sometime was stryf whether this ylond man should long to Brytayn or to yrlonde/ And for as moche as venomous worms that were brought thither lived there It was jugged that the ylond man should long to brytayn. R. In that Ilond is sortilege & wyccecraft used. For women there sell to shipmen wind as it were closed under three knots of thread/ So that the more wind he would have/ the more knots he must undo. there oft by day time men of that land seen men that been deed tofore hond· byheded or hoole & what death they deide alyens setten their feet upon feet of the men of that land for to see such sights as the men of that don ¶ Beda li/ 1 Scots dwellid first in this ylond/ Thanatos that is tenet· and is an ylond besides kente and hath that name thanatos of death of serpents. for there been none/ And the earth thereof sleeth serpent's y born in to other lands/ There is a noble cornlond & fruytful/ it is supposed that this ylond was halewed and blessed of saint anstyn the first doctor of englyssh men For there he arrived first   

¶ De platris regalibus Ganfe ¶ Capitulum. 45  
MOliuncius king of Brytons was the ·xxiij· of hem and the first that yaf hem law. he ordained that plowmen solowes gods temples and high ways that leaden men to Cytes & towns should have the freedom of succour/ so that every man that went to any of the three for succour or for trespass that he had do should be sauf for poursuete of all his enemies but afterward for the ways were uncertain and strif was had. therefore Belinus the king that was the foresaid molyuncius son for to put away all doubt & stryf made four high kings w●yes privileged with all privelegys' & freedom/ & the ways stretch through the ylond The first & greatest of the four ways is called Fosse/ and stretcheth out of the south in to the north and beginneth from the corner of corn wail and passeth forth by Devonshire by somersete/ & forth besides tetbury upon cotteswold beside coventre unto leycetre & so forth by wild pleynes toward newerk & endeth at lyncoln. the second chief kyn●tes high way is· named wat●ingstrete & stretcheth thwert over fossae out of the southest in to the north west· & begyneth at dover/ & passeth by the middel of kent over temse biside londom by west westmestre· & so forth by seint albon in the west side by donstable by stratford by toucetre by wedom by south lylleborn by atheriston unto gilbertus hill that now is called wrekene· And forth by Severn & passeth besides wrokcetre/ & thenne forth to stratton and so forth by the myddel of wales unto cardykan and endeth atte yrysshe see the thyrdde way is called Erimyngestrete and stretcheth out of the west northwest in to eeste southeeste and beginneth in menevia that is in saint david land in west wales and stretcheth forth unto southampton· The fourth is called Rykenyldestrete and stretcheth forth by worcetre by wycombe by birmyngham by lychefeld by derby by chestrefeld by york and forth unto tynmouthe   

¶ De famosis fluminibus Alfr ¶ Capitulum 46/  
Three famous Rivers rennen through brytayn by the which three rivers merchants of by yond the see comen in ships in to brytayn well nigh out of all manner nations & lands These three rivers been temse Severn & humbre/ the see ebbeth & floweth atte mouths of the three rivers & departeth the three provinces of the ylond as it were the three kingdoms a sondre· the three parties been loegria Cambria & northumbria·s that been myddel englond wales & northumberland. R/ these name temse seemeth made one name of two names of two rivers that been tame & ice. for the river tame runneth besides dorchestre & falls in ice. therefore all the river fro the first heed unto the eest see is named tamyse or temse Tamise beginneth besides tetbury that is three mile by north malmesbury/ there temse springeth of a well that runneth estward & passeth the fossae & departeth gloucetre shire and wylshyre & draweth with him many other wells & streams and wexth great at grecestre & passeth forth than toward hampton & so forth by oxenford by wallynford by reading & by london W d. po/ c. & atte haven of sandwich it falls in to the est see· and holdeth his name ·xl. mile beyond london/ & departed in some place kente & esex westsex & mercia that is as it were a great deal of myddel englond. R/ Sevarn is a/ river of britain & is called habern in britons/ & hath that name habren of habren that was estrildes' daughter Guedelon the queen drenchid this habren therein therefore the Britons called the river Habren after the woman that was drowned thrinne. ¶ But by corrupt latyn it is called Sabrina Severn in englysshe Sevarn beginneth in the myddel of wales And passith first toward the eest unto shrowesbury/ And thenne torneth southward unto brigge north wyrcetre and Gloncetre & falls in to the west see besides bristol and departeth in some pla●e Englond and wales·s W/ de pon/ li· 4/ Severn is swift of streme· fish craft is therein/ wodenes of the swolewing and of whirling water casts up & gadrith to heepe great hepes of gravel/ Severn oft ariseth and overfloweth the banks/ R· Humbre hath that name of humber king of hunes ffor he was drowned therin· and runneth first a crookout of the southside of york ¶ And thenne it departeth the province of lyndeseye that longed sometime to the merces from the other country northumberland/ trent and Ouse rennen in to humber and maken the River full great Trevisa ¶ The merces were men as it were of myddel englond as it shall be said here after   

¶ De Antiquis urbibus beda libro primo capitulo primo. ¶ Capitulum .47  
THe kingdom of britayn was sometime made fair with ·xxviij noble cities without right many castles that were walled with towers with yates & with bars strongly builded Alf● These were the names of the cities caerlud that is london. caerbranc that is york/ caerkent that is caunterbury. caergorangon that is wircetre. caerlirion that is leiceter caerclon that is gloucetre· carcolden that is colchestre/ carrey that is chicestre· Saxons called it sometime cissancestre· caercery. that is circetre· caerguent that is winchestre Ca●●graunt that is cambrygge· caerleyl that is lug●balia & karlyl/ caerperis that is porchestre/ caerdron that is dorcestre· caerludcoit that is lyncoln & lindecolyn. caermerthyn that is merlius cyte/ caersegent that is sisecetre & is upon temse not f●r from reading/ caerthleon that is caerlegyon also & height first ligecetre & now is named chestre caerbathon that is bath & height sometime athamamnꝰ cyte. ca●rpaladour that is septon that now hight s●aftesbury· ¶ R Other cities been founden in Cronycks for understanding of stories of whom it shall follow W/ de pon̄ London is a rial and a rich cyte upon Tamyse of burgeyses of richesses of merchants of chaffer and of merchandise: therefore it is that sometime when dearth of vytaylles is in all englond comynly at london it is best cheep by cause of the byars and sellars that been at London ¶ Ganf● Bruyt the first king of britonns builded and edefyed this cyte of London the first cyte of Brytayn in remembrance of the Cyte of Troy that was destroyed And calleth it troyeneweth and trinovantum that is new troy Afterwards king lud called it caerlud after his own name· therefore brytons had great indygnation as gyldas' telleth· Afterwards Englysshmen called the Cyte London. and yet after that Normans called it Loundres and is named in latyn Londonia/ Rudhudibras king leyles son was the viij king of brytons He builded Caunterbury the chief cyte of kente. And called i● caerkent. Afterwards englysshmen called it Dorobernia but that is not dover that standeth upon the clyf of the frensshe see. And is from this dover/ seven englyssh mile/ Afterwards this dorobernia was and is called caunterbury·s The same king Rudhudibras builded wynchestre and called it caerguent· And after Englyssmen called it went and wynchestre after the name of one wine an englyssman that was bishop there/ all westsaxon was subgette to him the same king builded palodour that is Septon that is now called Shaftesbury· Brytons tellen that an eagle prophesied there sometime/ Bladud leyles son a nygromancer was the ix king of brytons/ he builded bath and called it caerbadum/ Englyssmen called it after Athamannes city/ But at last men called it bathonia that is bathe W· de 'pon/ libro secundo ¶ In this cyte welleth up and springeth hot baths. And men ween that julius cezar made there such baths R But ganf● monemutensis in his britons book seith that bladud made thilk bathes·s By cause that wiliam had not seen that Britons book written so by telling of other men or by his own guessing as he written other things not best advisedly/ Therefore it seemeth more soothly that bladud made not the hot baths ne julius cezar died such. a deed/ though Bladud bilded and made the Cyte ¶ But it acordeth better to kendly reason that the water runneth in the earth by veins of brimstone/ and sulphure· ¶ And so is kendely made hoot in that course/ and springeth up in diverse places of the Cyte ¶ And so there been hoot baths that wasshe●h of tetres soores and skabbiss ¶ Trevisa ¶ Though men might by craft make hoot baths for to dure long ynowgh/ this acordeth well to reason and to philosophy that treteth of hoot wells and baths. that been in diverse lands though the water of this bath be more troubly and henyer of savour and of smell than other hot baths been that I have seen at Akon in Almaigne ¶ And at Eggs in Savoy. which been as fair and clear as any cold well streme I have been bathed therinne & essayed them/ R Claudius' cezar married his daughter to arruiragus king of britons/ this claudius cezar builded gloucestre in the wedding of his daughter/ britons called this cyte first after claudius name/ but afterward it was called gloucestre after one glora. which was duke of that country/ & standeth upon Severn in the march of englond & wales. shrowesbury is a cyte upon Severn in the march of englond & wales set upon the top of an hill/ & it is called shrowesbury of shrobbes and fruit that grew there sometime on that hill/ britons cleped it sometime pengwern that is the heed of a fair tree/ shrowesbury was sometime the heed of powesye. that strethecth forth thwert over the myddel of wales unto the yryssh see/ notyngham standeth upon trent/ & sometime heet snotyngham that is the woning of dennes·s For the danes dwelled there sometime/ & digged dens & caves under hard stones & rokkes and dwelled there/ R/ Lyncoln is chief of the ●rouynce of lyndesaye. & was sometime called caerludcoyt & afterward lyndecolyn· It is uncerteyn who builded first this cyte/ but if it were king lud/ & so it seemeth by meaning of the name· For caer is bry●ysshe & is to say a cyte and coyt is a wode· & so it seemeth that caerludcoit is to say luddes wooed toun· King leyr was bladuddis son & builded leycetre as it were in the myddel of englond upon the river sos & upon fossae the kings high way   

¶ Willelmus de 'pon/ libro tercio. ¶ Capitulum .48  
YOrke is a great Cyte in either side of the water of Owse. that seemed as fair as Rome unto the time that the king William Conqueror had with brenning and fuyre defowled it and the country about/ so that a pylgrym would now weep & he saw it. if he had known it to fore· Gauf●/ Ebrancus the fifth king of britons builded york and called it after his own name Caerbranck· ¶ He builded also two other noble cities one in Scotland and is called edinburgh. And another toward scotland in thends of englond and is called alcliud· R. Edinburgh is a Cyte in the land of pyctes between the river of twede and the scotysshe see· And heete sometime the castle of maydens· And was called afterward Edinburgh of Edan king of Pyctes/ that reigned there in Egfridus time king of Northumberlond alcliud was sometime a noble cyte and is now well nigh unknown to all englysshemen/ For under the brytons & pyctes and englyssmen it was a noble Cyte unto the coming of the danes but afterward about the year of our lord/ viij. C·lxx. it was destroyed when the danes destroyed the countries of northumberland But in what place of brytayn that cyte alcliud was bilded. avetours tellen diversly/ ¶ Beda l●/ p. saith that it was build by west that arm of the see that departeth between the britons and the pyctes sometime there severus famous well endeth westward & so it seemeth by him that it is not far from caerleyl/ For that Cyte is set atte end of that wall: Other writers of stories written that the cyte of alclyud is that cyte that now is called Aldburgh that is to say an old toun· and standeth upon the river oh wse not far for burgh brygge that is xv mile westward out of york and it seemeth that he proveth that by ganfride in his book of deeds of britons/ he writeth that elidurus king of britons was lodged atte cyte alcliud by cause of solace & hunting- And fond his brother agalon masking in a wood nigh there beside that height calatery/ But that wooed calatery·s which is caltres in englysshe reacheth almost to york and stretcheth toward the north by aldeburgh in length by space of twenty mile the most deal of that wood is now thrown donn and the land y tylled Other men would suppose that Alcliud was that cyte that now is called burcham in the north country of westmerlond fast by comberlond/ & standeth upon the river Eden the cyte is there yet wonderly seen. deem you now where it is builded Trevisa it is not hard to assoylle if men take heed that many towns bear one name· as cartago in affryca & cartago in spain newport in wales & newport in the parisshe of barkeley wotton under egg and wotton basset wyckwar wyck pain/ & wyck in the parissh of barkeley· & two shire towns either is called hampton/ as southhampton & northampton/ so it seemeth by the stories that one alcliud was in yorck shire/ another in westmerlond/ & one fast by in the right side of the west arm of the see· that departeth englond & scotlond but that alcliud was a right strong cyte as beda saith. & that cite standeth fast by a river that is called cliud/ & there is no such river in yorkshyre. neither in westmerlond as men of the country tell me/ some men say that the river cliud is now named sulwach/ sulwach is but/ u mile fro caerleyl. R Caerleyl is a cyte in the country of northenglond toward the northwest. And hath another name which is lugubal/ leyl the/ seven/ king of Brytons builded Carleyl R ¶ In this cyte is somewhat of that famous wa●●e that passeth northumberlond W/ de pon· In this cyte is yet a three chambered house made of vawte stones that never might be destroyed with tempest of weder ne with brenning of fire/ also in the country fast by in westmerlond in the front of a three chambered place. is wreton. in this manner. Marij victorye· what this writing is to say I doubt somewhat/ but if it were so that some of the combres say there sometime when the consul marius had put 'em out of ytalye· but it seemeth better that it is written in mind of marius king of brytons that was/ Arviragus son This marius overcome in that place Rodryck king of pyctes·s so saith Ganfr. in his brytisshe booke· Wiliam malmesbury saw never that book At hagustaldes' church is a place f●ur score mile out of york northwestward the place is as it were destroyed so saith will ·li 3. de pont That place longed sometime to the bisshoprich of york/ there were sometime houses with vice arches and vou●es in the manner of Rome· Now that place is called bestoldesham and heglesham also. Beda li 3. ca· p· saith that that place fast by the long wall of the work of Rome in the north half ¶ R There is difference between the province of lyndeffar and the church of lyndefarne/ for the province of lyndeffar and lyndesaye is all one and lieth by eest lyncoln/ & lyncoln is the heed thereof/ Of the which saith beda li. 4. c/ 11· that sexnulphus was fi●st bishop. there/ but beda sayth· li. 4/ c/ 23· that lyndeffern church is an ylond that is called haly ylond in the river thwede next berwyck. And so it is gathered of Bedaes' saws that twede runneth in to the famous arm of the see that now departeth englyssh men and scots in the eest half/ And in that Arm been three ylondes/ that one is mailroes that now is called menros/ Then above toward th● west is lyndeffarn church that is called haly ylond Thenne the third is above upward/ and that is the ylond farne And is called also/ Farny ylond/ then upward above that two mile is a Ryal Cyte upon the brink of twede that sometime height Bebenborgh that is bobs Cyte/ And now is called Bamburgh· And hath a right strong castle Gir in itinere Two cities there been either is called Caerlegyon & Caerleon· also· One is demecia in south wales that is named Caerusk also/ ¶ There the river Uske falls in to sevarne fast by glammorgan. Bellinus king of Brytons sometime bilded that cyte And was sometime the chief cyte of demecia in South-Wales/ Afterwards in claudius Caesar'S time it was y called the cyte of legyons when atte prayer of Genyus the queen vaspasianus & arinragus were acorded and legyons of Rome were sent in to y●lond/ though was carleon a noble cyte and of great authority and by the Romayns ryally and walled about with walls of brent tile great nobley that was there in old time is there yet in many places seen/ as the great palayses giants towers noble baths/ Relief of the temple places of the atres that were places high and rial to stand/ and sit in And to behold about/ the places were rially closed with rial walls that yet somdele standeth right nigh cloos/ And within the walls and without is great building under earth/ water condytes and ways under earth and stews also thou shalt see wonderly made with straight side ways of breathing that wonderly cast up heat. In this Cyte were sometime three noble churches one was of saint julius the martyr and there in a great company of virgins/ That other was of saint Aaron/ that was of the order of blac canons. That church was with 'em nobly adourned· The thyrdde church was the chief mother church of all wales·s And the chief See But afterward the chief see was turned out of that cyte in to menevia/ that is saint davies land in west wales·s In this Carleon was amphibalus born/ that taught saint albone· There· the messengers of rome come to the great Arthur's court/ if it is leeful to trow Trevisa If giraldus was in doubt whether it were leefful for to trow it or no. it were a wonder sweven as men would ween for to have evermore in mind. and ever be in doubte· if all his books were such what lore were therinne/ and namely while he maketh none evidence/ For in neither side he telleth what moveth so for to say ¶ R There is another cyte of legyons/ there this cronyke was bytravaylled/ as it is clearly known by the first chapytre of this book· Trevisa That is to understanding in latyn writing For he that made it in latyn turned it not in to englyssh/ ne it was turned in to englysshe in the same place that it was made first in latyn The understanding of him that made this Cronyk is thus wreton in latyn in the beginning of this book/ Presentem Cronycam compylavit Frater ranulphus cestrensis monachus· that is to say in englysshe· Brother Ranulphus monk of chestre compiled and made this present Cronyke ¶ R The cyte of legyons that is chestre standeth in the march of Englond toward wales between two arms of the see that been named dee/ and mersee This cyte in time of brytons was heed and chief cyte of all venedocia that is in North-Wales. The founder of this cyte is unknown For who that seethe the foundamentes of the great stones would rather ween that it were Romayns werke· or work of gyant●s/ than were made by setting of brytons/ This cyte sometime in brytysshe speech heet Carthleon legecestria a latyn. And chestrean englyssh and the cyte of legyons also/ For there lay a winter the legyons of knights that julius cezar sent for to win yrlond And after claudyus cezar sent legyons out of that Cyte for to win the ylondes that be called Orcades/ what ever wiliam malmesbury by telling of other men met of this cyte/  
¶ This cyte hath plente of livelihood/ of corn of fflesshe of ffysshe and specially of pris of Salmon/ this cyte receiveth great merchandise and sendeth out also· Also neygh this cyte been salt· wells/ Metal and oore/ Northumbres destroyed this cyte sometime But afterward Elfleda lady of mercia builded it again and made it moche more· In this cyte been ways under earth with vowtes and stonewerke wonderly y wrought three chambered works/ great stones grave with old men's names therein There is also Julius Cezars' name wonderly in stones grave & other noble men's also with the writing about· this is the cyte that Ethelfryd king of northumberland destroyed. & s●ough there fast by nigh two thousand monks of the mynster of bangor/ ¶ This is the cyte that king Edgar came to sometime with seven kings that were subget to him. A metrer breaketh out in this manner in praising of this Cyte/ Chestre Castel toun as it were name take of a castle ¶ It is unknown what man byld this cyte now Tho legecestria cheese ●ete now toun of Legyones ¶ Now walsshe and Englysshe hold this toun of great pris/ Stones on wall/ Seemeth work hercules all. There long with might to dure that heap is y hight· Saxon sm●le stones/ set upon great been atones There under ground loting double vout is found That helpeth with sondes/ many men of western lands fish flesh and corn low This cyte toun hath ynowgh· ships and chaffre See water bringeth ynowgh there. Godestalle there is that was emperor ere this And ferth henry king earth is there righten dwelling. Of king haralde. Powder is there yet y halde/ Bacchus and marcurius Mars and venus also laverna· Protheus and pluto regnen there in the toun Trevisa God wot what this is to mean But poetes in her manner of speech feynen as though every kind craft and living hath a diverse god everich from other And so they feigned a god of battle and of fighting & called him mars/ & a god of covetise of richesse and merchandise and called him mercurius. And so bachus he called god of win. venus' goddess of love and beauty. laverna god of theft & of robbery▪ Protheus god of falsshede & of gyle/ and pluto god of helle· And so it seemeth that these verses would mean that these forsay●● God's regne & been served in chestre Mars with fighting and king Mercurius with covetise of richesse and merchandise/ bachus with great drynkyng· venus with love lewdly Laverna with theft and robbery/ Protheus with falsehood and gyle thenne is pluto not. unserved god of hell ¶ R Theridamas babilon lore more might hath truth the more   

¶ De shiriss Anglie sive provyncijs/ ¶ Capitulum 49  
TAke heed that Englond containeth. xxxij· shires and provinces/ that now been called Erldomis/ reserved Cornewayl and the Ilondes ¶ Alfr These been the names of the Erldoms & Shyres·s Kent Southsex/ Sortherey. Hampshire. barokshire that hath his name of a bore ook that is in the forest of wyndesore For at that bore ooke men of that shire were wont come to gyders and make their tretis and there take counseyl and advys Also wildshyre that heet sometime the province of semeran Somersete Dorsete/ devenshire that now is called devonia in latyn. These ix southshires tamyse departeth from the other deal of englond which were sometime governed and Rewled by the westsaxon law/ Estsex Myddelsex· south folk north folk hertfordshire. Huntyndonshyre. Northamptonshyre/ Cambryggeshyre/ bedfordshyre/ Buykynghamshyre Leycetre shire Derby shire/ notynghamshyre Lincolnshyre yorkshyre/ Duramsihre· Northumberhand Caerlelshyre with Cumberlond Appelbisshyre with westmerlond lancasshyre that containeth five litil shires/ These fifteen north and eest shires were sometime governed and rewled by that law which is called denelawe/ But Oxenforshire Warwikshire. gloucestreshyre▪ wircetre shire Herdforshire shropshire staffordshire Chestresire ¶ These viij middel and west shires were sometime governed and Rewled by the law called mercia in latyn and merchene law in englysshe· It is to weet that yorkshyre stretcheth from the river of humbre unto the river of teyse. and yet in yorkshyre been/ xxij hondredis hundred and candred is all one. candred is one word made of walsshe and prysshe And is to meaning a country that containeth an honderd towns/ And is also in englyssh called wepentak· For sometime in the coming of a new lord. tenants were wont to yield up her weepen in stead of homage. duranshire stretcheth from the river teise unto the river of tine/ & for to speak properly of Northumberland it stretcheth fro the river Tyne unto the river of Twede that is in the beginning of Scotland/ then if the countray of Northumberland that was sometime from humbre unto Twede be now accounted for one shire And for one erldom as it was somtyme· Thenne been in englond but/ xxxij shires but if the countray of Northumberland be departed in to uj shires that been ever wikshire duramshire Northumberlond carleylshire Appelbyshire and Lancasshire· thenne been in englond xxxuj shires without Cornuale and also without the ylondes King william conqueror made all these provinces and shires to be described and meten thenne were fonden xxxuj shires and half a shire/ Towns L/ ij/ M/ four score Parissh churches/ xlv M and ij/ knights fees/ lxxu·m Whereof men of religion have xxviij thousand xu knights fees/ But now woods been hewn down and the land new tilled and made moche more than was at that time and many towns and villages builded and so there been many moo villages and towns now than were in that time And where as afore is wreton that cornuayll is not set among the shires of englond it may stand among them well ynowgh For it is neither in wales ne in scotland but is in englond And joineth to devensshire/ And so may there been accounted in englond xxxvij shires and an half with the other shires   

¶ De Legibus legumque vocabulis ¶ Capitulum 50  
DVnwallo that heet Moliuncius also made first laws in britayne the which laws were called moliuncius laws And were solompnly observed unto wiliam conquerors time Molyuncius ordained among his laws/ that cities Temples and ways that lede men thereto and plowmen solowes should have privilege and freedom for to save all men that would flee there to for succour and refuge/ Thenne afterward marcya queen of britons that was gwytelynus wyf. Of her the province had the name mercia. as some men suppose. ¶ She made a law full of right of wit and of reason/ and was called merchene law/ Gildas that written the histories of brytons turned these two laws out of briton speech in to latyn· And afterward king Aluredus turned all out of latyn in to saxon speech/ and was called merchene law/ Also the same king Aluredus written in englyssh & put to another law that heet westsaxon law/ Thenne afterward danes were lords in this land/ and so came forth the thyrdde law that heet dane law/ Of these three laws saint Edward/ the confessor made one common law that yet is called saint edward's law/ I hold it well done to write here and expowne many terms of these lawes·s Myndebruche. hurting of honour and worship· In frensshe bleschur dhonour· Burchbruch in frensshe/ bleschur de court on de cloys/ Gritchbruch breaking of pees·s Myskenning changing of speech in court/ showing setting forth of merchandise/ In frensshe displeir de marchandyse· Hamsokne· or hamfare a rese made in house/ forestalling/ wrong or let down in the kings high waye· Frythsoken sewrte in defence· Saka/ for fait Soka Suit of court/ and thereof cometh soaken/ Theme suit of bondmen· Fyghtingtwyte. Amersement for fighting. Blodewyte. Mersement for shedding of blood Flytwite. amendss for shedynge of blood. leyr wyte· amendss for lying by a bondwoman/ Gul●ewite amendss for trespas· Scot a gadring to work of bailyes/ hydage tayllage for hides of lands Danegheld tayllage yeven to the danes that was of every bonata terre that is every Ox land three pens/ A weepentack and an honderd is all one ¶ For the country of C towns were wont to give up weepen in the coming of a lord. Lestage custom challenged in chepyngys' and fairs stallage custom for standing in streets in feyre time   

¶ De Regnis regnorumque lymitibus ¶ Capitulum 51  
THe kingdom of britayn stood without departing hool & all one kingdom to the britons from the first bruyte unto julius Caesar'S time/ And fro julius Caesar'S time unto Severus time this land was under tribute to the Romayns Netheles kings they had of the same land from Severus unto the last prince gracyan successors of brytayns faylled/ And Romayns reigned in brytayn Afterwards the Romayns left of the reigning in Brytayn. by cause it was far from Rome of for great business that they had in other side ¶ Thenne Scots and pyctes by mysleding of maximus the tyrant poursiewed brytayn and warred therein with great strength of men of Arms long time unto the time that the Saxons come atte praying of the brytons against the pyctes and put out gurmund the yrysshe king with his pyctes and the brytons also with her king that heet Carecticus and drof hem out of Englond in to wales/ And so the saxons were victors and every province after his strength made 'em a king & so departed englond in to seven kingdoms Netheles afterward these seven kyngeddoms everych after other come all in to one kingdom all hool under the prince adelston/ netheles the danes poursued this land fro athelwulfis time that was a luredus father unto the third saint Edward'S time about/ C/ lxx year and reigned therein continuelly thirty year after the danes the/ iij. saint Edward reigned therein twenty-three year and a lytil more/ And after him haralt held the kingdom ix months And after hem Normans have reigned unto this time But how long they shall regne he wot to whom nothing is unknown ¶ R Of the for said seven kingdoms of her merkes' meres and bounds/ when they began and how long they endured/ here shall I somewhat shortly tell ¶ Alf● The first kingdom was the kingdom of kent that stretcheth fro the eest Ocean unto the river of Tamyse. there reigned the first hengistus & began to regne by the acompting of dyonyse the year of our lord four/ C/ lu· That kingdom dured three honderd lxviij/ year under ·xv/ kings unto the time that Baldrede was put out. And Egbert king of westsaxon joined that kingdom to his own. the second kingdom was of southsaxon that had in the eest side kent In the south the see and the isle of wight. In the west hampshyre and in the north sothery. There ella reigned first with his three sons/ And began to regne the year after the coming of the angles even/ thirty/ But that kingdom within a short time passed in to other kingdoms The thyrdde kingdom was of eestsaxon· and had in the est side the see· In the west the country of London· In the south Tamyse/ In the north southfolk. The kings of this country estsaxon fro the first Sabertes time unto the time of the danes were ten kings which were subget somdel to other kings/ Netheles oftest and lengest they were under the kings of mercia and unto. that time that Egbert king of westsaxon joined that kingdom to his own The fourth kingdom was of eest anglis and contained Norfolk and Suffolk and had in the eest side and in the north the see· In the northwest cambrygeshyre· In the west saint Edmundes dyche and hertfordshyre. And in the south Ests●x/ This kingdom dured under/ xij/ kings unto the time that King edmund was slain/ And then the danes took wrongfully both the kingdoms of eest angles and of eestsaxon ¶ Afterwards the danes were put and driven away or made subgette And the elder king Edward joined both the kingdoms to his own/ the fifth kingdom was of westsaxon & dured lengest of all these kingdoms and had in the est side southsaxon. In the north Tamyse. In the south and west the see Oxcean· In that kingdom reigned Cerdrick with his son kenrik and began to regne the year of our lord. u·c·xix/ And after the coming of anglis lxxj· so saith denies the other kingdoms passed in to this kingdom. The sixte kingdom was of mercia and was greatest of all The marks and the meres thereof were in the west side the river dee fast by chestre and Severn fast by shrowesbury unto bristol/ In the eest the est see· In the south Tamyse unto London In the north the river humbre/ And so westward and dounward unto the River mersee unto the corner of wirhal there humbre falls in to the west see/ Penda wybbes son reigned first in this kingdom the year of our lord ·uj/ C/ xxuj/ so saith denies And fro the coming of angles an/ C.lxxv/ year/ This kingdom dured under xviij kings about two C lxiij year unto the last colwulf/ to the which colwulf the danes bitoke that kingdom to keep when burdred the king was put out/ But the elder Edward the king put out the danes and joined the kingdom of mercia to his own kingdom/ netheles at beginning this kingdom of Mercia was departed in three In west mercia In myddel mercia and est mercia/ The seve nth kingdom was northamhimbrorum that is the kingdom of northumberlond The meres and marks thereof were by West and by est the see of ocean by south the river of humbre and so dounward toward the west by thends of the shires of Nothyngham and of derby unto the river of mersee/ And by north the scottysshe see that heat forth in scottysshe werid in brytysshe· the scotyssh see in englysshe ¶ This kingdom of northumberlond was first deled in two provinces/ that one was the south side and heat deyra/ and that other was the north side and heet brenicia as it were two kyngdoms·s And the River departed these two kingdoms that tyme· For the kingdom of deyra was fro the river of humber unto the River of tine. The kingdom of brenycia was fro tyne to the scottysshe see· And when pyctes dwelled there as beda saith libro terci● capitulo secundo/ that ninian that holy man converted men of the south side/ ¶ Ida the king reigned there first and began to regne the rear of our lord/ v/ C/ xlvij. so saith dyonyse. In deyra reigned the king elle the year of our lord .v. C. xlix· These two kingdoms were other while as it is said departed between two kings & sometime all hool under one king ¶ And dured as it were .xx englysshe kings. three hundred &/ xxj/ year/ Atte last osbrutus & ell were slain in thee/ ix· year of her kingdom/ the danes slow hem·s And northumberlond was vode without king viij year ¶ Thenne afterward the danes reigned in northumberlond/ xxxuj year unto the ooning of the kingdom of adelston· he made subget the kings danes scotyssh and walssh/ And reigned first all one in englond and held the kingdom of englond all hoole and all one kingdom that was the year of our lord/ viij/ C.xxvij That river of mersee was sometime the mark and mere between the kingdom of mercia and the kingdom of northumberlond that may be showed in two manners ● first by the proprete of this mersee that is as moche to say as a see that is a bond and a mere/ For it departeth one kingdom from another ¶ Also it is write in Cronycks of Henry and of alfrede that king coward the elder fastened a castle at mauncestre in northumberlond/ But that cyte mauncestre is fro the River of mersee scarcely three myle·   

¶ De episcopatibus et sedibus/ Alfr ¶ Capitulum. 52  
LVcius was the first king Cristend of the brytons in his time were three Archibisshops seas in Brytayn/ One was at London· Another at york And the thyrdde at caruske the cyte of Legyons in glamorgan·s that city now is called carleon/ to these Archibisshops seas were subget xxviij bishops and were called Flamynes to the archibisshops see of London was subgette C●●nual and all myddel englond unto humbre/ To york all northumberlond from the low of humbre with all Scotland To Caerleon all walls/ there were in wales seven bishops and now been but four·s Tho Severn departed englond and wales/ W de 'pon libro primo. But in saxons time though saint gregory had granted london the privilege of tharchbishop's see· Netheles saint Austyn that was sent in to Englond by saint Gregory turned tharchebisshops see out of London in to caunterburye After saint Gregoryes day atte prayer of king Athelbert and Cytezeyns' & burgesyes of caunterbury. their tharchebisshops see hath dured unto now/ Save that in the mean time Offa king of mercia was wroth with men of caunterbury/ and bynam hem that worship· And worshipped adulph bishop of lichfeld with tharchbishop's pal by assent of adrian the pope upon caas by yefts sent Netheles under kenulph the king it was restored to caunterbury again. The worship of the see of york hath dured there always and dureth yet though Scotland be withdraw fro his subjection by passing of tyme. Gir in iti/ li/ p: the archibisshops see was y torned out of caerleon in to menevia that is inthe west side of demecia upon the pryssh see in saint davids time under king arthur from saint davids time unto sampsons time were in menevia Archebisshops. twenty-three/ aftward fill a pestilence in all wales of the yellow evil that is called the jaundice/ & thenne sampson tharchbishop took with him the pall and went in to Brytayn armonyca the lasbritayne and was there bishop of dolensis/ From that time unto the first harries tyme. king of Englond were at menevia. which is called saint davids xxj bishops all without pall whether it were for uncunning or for poverty/ Netheles always fro that time the bishops/ of wales were sacred of the bishop of menevia of saint davies/ And the bishop of menevia was sacred of the bishops of wales as of his suffrigans & made no profession ne subjection to none other church/ ¶ Other bishops that come afterward were sacred at caunterbury by compelling and heest of the king. In token of that sacring and subjection bone face archibisshop of caunterbury that was legate of the cross song in every cathedral church of wales solempnly· amass he was the first archebisshop of caunterbury that so died in wales. & that was done in the second Harry's tyme· ¶ R But now been but two primates in all Englond of Caunterbury and of york/ To the primate of caunterbury been subget xiij bishops in Englond and four in wales ¶ The primate of york hath but two Suffrigans in englond that been the bishops of caerleyl and of durham ¶ Of all these seas and changing of her places I shall show you here folowyng· ¶ Take heed in the beginning of holy church in Englond bishops ordained their seas in low places and simple that were covenable for contemplation for prayers & devotion/ But in wiliam conquerors time by doom of law canon it was ordained that bishops should come out of small towns in to great cytees·s ¶ Therefore was the see of dorchestre changed to lyncoln/ lychefeld to chestre: Tetford to norwiche. Shirborn to salisbury wells to bathe· Cornwayl to Ex●tre And Selesey to Chicestre. The bishop of Rochestre hath no paryssh but he is tharchebisshops'archbishop's chappellayn of Caunterbury. sith the See of caunterbury was first ordained by saint Austyn/ it changed yet never his place· Chicestre hath under him only southsex and the isle of wight/ And had his see. first in Selesey in the time of tharchebisshop theodore. And the see dured there three honderd ·xxxiij/ year under twenty bishops fro the first wilfrede unto the last Stigande atte commandment of king william conqueror changed the see from Selesey to chicestre.   

¶ De Episcopis occidentalibus. Willelmus ¶ Capitulum 53  
Have mind that all the province of westsaxon had always one bishop fro the beginning unto theodoras time/ By grant of king Islo king of westsaxon the first byrinus ordained a see at dorchestre that is a simple toun by south Oxenford beside wallyngford between the metynge to guider of Thames and Tame when birinus was deed kenwalcus the king ordained a See at wynchestre as his father had purposed. there Agilbert a frensshe man was first bishop of all the province of westsaxon/ ¶ Fro that time the Cyte and the See of Dorchestre pertained and longed to the province of mercia  
¶ For that cyte standeth within Temse· And Temse departeth between mercia and westsaxon· After that Agilbert was put out of wynchestre that though hight wynton ¶ There was there an englyssh bishop there that was called win O Some men suppose that the cyte hath the name of this wine and is called wynchestre as it were wines cyte/ Atte last he was pute out & after him come lentherius the foresay agelbertes nephew/ After lentherius hedda a while was Bishop there when he was dead theodorus tharchbishop ordained two bishops to the province of westsaxon Danyel at wynchestre to him were subgette two contreyes Sothery and Southampshire· Adelin/ at shirborn to him were subgette six countries/ Barkshire· wiltshire/ Somersete Dorsete shire/ Devenshire and cornuayl ¶ Trevisa It seemeth by this that westsaxon contained sothery/ Southampshire/ barkshire. wiltshire Somerseteshyre Dorsetshire devenshire and Cornuayl. ¶ Willelmus Afterwards in elder Edward's time to these two seas were ordained by commandment of Formosus the pope· three other seas at wells for Somersete/ At. kryton for Devonshire/ And at saint germayn for Cornuayle. Not full long afterward the sixth see was set at Ramesbury for wytltshire/ Atte last by commandment of king wiliam conqueror all these seas save wynchestre were turned and changed out of small towns in to great cities For shirborn and Ramesbury were turned in to Salesbury ¶ Now to that see is subget barkshire wiltshire and dorsete. The see of wells was turned to bathe/ thereto now is subget all Somersete. the seas of kyrton and of cornuayl were changed to exetre/ thereto is subget/ Devenshire and cormuayl   

¶ De Orientalibus episcopis willelmus ¶ Capitulum 54  
OIt is known that the eeste saxons alway fro the beginning to now were subget to the Bishop of London But the province of eeste Angles that containeth Norfolk and suffolk had one Bishop at donwyck The Bishop heat Felyx and was of burgoyn and was bishop xvij year After him thomas was bishop five year/ After him Boneface xvij/ year/ Thenne bysy afterward was ordained by theodorus and rewlid the province while he might endure by himself alone· After him unto egbertes time king of westsaxons an hundred/ xliij/ two bishops rewled that/ province. one at donwyck & another at elyngham/ Netheles after ludecans' time king of mercia left and was only one see at elyngham unto thee/ fifth/ year of wiliam conqueror when herfastus the/ twenty-three bishop of the estrene changed his See to Tetford. And his successor herebertus changed the See fro Tetford to norwiche by leave of king wiliam the Rede. the see of ely that is nigh thereto the first king harry ordained the ix year of his reign and made subget thereto Cambrigshyre that was to fore a part of the bissoprich of Lyncolne And for quyting thereof he yaf to the bishop of lyncoln a good toun called spalding   

¶ De Episcopis merciorum· Willelmus/ ¶ Capitulum 55  
HEre take heed that as the kingdom of Mercia was alway greatest for the time so it was deled in moo Bisshopryches and specially by great heart of king Offa/ which was forty year king of mercia. he changed tharchebisshops see fro caunterbury to lychefeld by assent of Adryan the pope. then the province of mercia and of lyndefar in the first beginning of her cristendom in king wulfrans time had one bishop at lychefeld the first bishop that was there heet dwyna the second heet Celath/ and were both Scots After 'em the thyrdde Trumpher/ the fourth germuannus. ¶ The fifth Chedde/ but in Edelfredes time that was wulfers brother when Chedde was deed theodorus tharchebisshop ordained there wynfrede cheddes deacon/ Netheles apud hyndon after that for he was unbuxom in some point he ordained there sexwulf abbot of medamstede that is named burgh/ But after sexwulfs fourth year theodorus tharchebisshop ordained five bishops in the province of Mercia And so he ordained bosel at wyrcetre· cud win at lychefeld/ the foresay sexwulf at chestre· Edelwyn at lindesey atte Cyte Sydenia And he took eata monk of the Abbay of hilde at whytby· and made him bishop of dorchestre besides Oxenford ¶ Tho this dorchestre heet dorking. And so the see of that longed to west Saxon in saint byrynes time longed to Mercia from theodorus the archebisshops' time Also when Ethelred king of Mercia had destroyed kent. This Bishop Sexwulf took pyctas bishop of Rochestre that come out of kent and made him first bishop of herford· Atte last when Sexwulf was deed hedda was bishop of lychefeld after him and wylfred flemed out of northumberlond was bishop of chestre/ Netheles after two year alfrede king of northumberlond died and wilfred turned again to his own see of hagustalden/ And so hedda held both the bisshopryches of lychfeld and of chestre. after him come Albyn that heet wor also/ & after him come three bishops Torta at chestre wytta at lychefeld/ and eata was yet at dorchestre/ after his death bishops of lyndeseye held his see three honderd &/ liiij/ year unto Remygyus changed the see to lyncoln by leave of the first king wiliam· But in edgar's time bishop leofwnus joined both bisshopryches to guider of chestre and lyndeffar while his life dured   

De episcopis northumbranis W· de 'pon. li· 4 ca/ 11· Capitulum/ 56  
AT York was one see for all the province of Northumberlond/ Paulinus held first that see and was ordained of the bishop of caunterbury and held that see of york seven year Afterwards when king edwin was slain and things were distroubled paulinus went thence by water weigh in kente· from whence he come first and took with him the pall ¶ Will libo./ 3  
¶ And so the bisshopryche of york ceesed/ thirty. year and the use of the pall seced there an/ C. xxu· year unto that Egbert the bishop that was the kings brother of the land recoverid it by autoryte of the pope ¶ R ¶ When saint Oswold reigned aidanus a Scotte was bishop in brenicia that is the Northside of Northumberlond/ after him ffinianus· After him Salmannus ¶ W wi sup/ Atte last he went in to Scotland with great indignation for wilfride undertook him for he held unlawfully esterday/ thirty. year after that paulinus was goon from wylfryde was made bishop of york Beda libro quarto ¶ But while he dwelled long in France about his sacring at exiting of quartatadecimanorum that were they that held Easter-Day the xiiij/ day of the moan Chedde was y take out of his Abbaye of lestynge and· wrongfully put out in to the see of york by assent of king Oswy/ But. three year afterward Theodorus tharchebisshop died him away and assigned him to the province of mercia/ and restored wylfrede to the see of york/ ¶ But after wilfrede by cause of wrath that was between him & the king Egfryd was put out of his see by help of theodorus tharchebisshop that was corrupt with some manner meed/ This was done after that wilfred had been bishop of york x year/ Thenne at Instance of the king. theodorus made bosam Bishop of York And Cumbert at hagustald church/ & ●ata at lyndeffar church that now is called holy ylond in the river of Twede/ Aidanus founded first the see/ And theoder●s made eadhedus bishop of reponn that was comen again out of lyndesaye· wylfrede had be abbot of Repon. Theoderus sent Trunwynus to the land of pyctes in thends of Englond fast by scotland in a place that heat Candida casa. and whyterne also·s There saint Nynyan a bryton was first foundour and doctor/ But all these seas out take york failed lytil and lytil/ For the See of Candida casa that is galewey that longed tho to Englond dured many years under ten bishops unto that it had no power by destroying of the pyctes The seas of Hagustald and of lyndeffar was sometime all one under ix bishops about four score year & ten & dured unto the coming of the danes/ In that time under hyngar and hubba ardulph the bishop go long about with saint cutb●r●s body unto king aluredes time king of westsaxons· and the see of lyndefar was set at kunegestre that is called kunyngysburgh also/ that place is now called ubbesford upon twede/ Atte last the xvij year of king egbert king edgardes sone· that see was changed to durham. And saint cuthberts' body was brought thither by the doing of Edmond the bishop/ And fro that time forward the see of hagustald and of lyndeffar faylled utterly· The first king henry/ the. ix· year of his reign made the new see at caerleyl/   

¶ Capitulum 57  
THe Archibisshop of caunterbury hath under him ·xiij bishops in englond· & ·iiij/ in wales/ he hath rochestr under him & that see hath under him a part in kent alone/ London hath under 'em estsex myddelsex & half hertfordshire Chichestre hath under southstx● & the isle of wight. wynchesere hath under him hampshyre & southerye. salesbury hath under him barkshire wiltshire & dorset· excetre hath under him devenshire & cornuayl· bathe hath under him somerseteshire alone. wyrcetre hath under him gloucetreshire wircetreshire & half warwyckshire/ herford hath under him herdfordshire & some of shropshyre/ Chestre is bishop of coventre & of lychfeld· & hath under him chestreshire staffordshire. derbyshyre half warwykshire: some of shropshire and some of lancastreshyre· fro the River of mersces unto the river of Rypyl/ Lyncoln hath under him the provinces that been between Tamyse and humbre that been the shires of Lyncoln Of Leycetre Of Northampton of. huntyngdon of bedford of bokynham Of Oxenford & half hertfordshyre/ Ely hath under him Cambregeshire out take merlond ¶ Northwyche hath under him merlond/ Norfolk and suffolk Also tharchbishop of Caunterbury hath four suffrygans in wales/ that been landaf. saint Davies bangor and saint Assaph. ¶ The Archebisshop of York hath now but two Bishops under him that been durham and caerleyl/ R. ¶ And so· been but two Prymates in englond. What one of hem shall do to that other and in what point he shall be obedient & under him/ It is fully contained withinne about the year of our lord a thousand lxxij/ to fore the first king wiliam And the bishops of englond by commandment of the pope The cause was handled and y treated between the foresaid prymates/ And ordained and deemed that the primate of york shall be subget to the primate of Caunterbury in things that longen to the worship of god and to the bileve of holy church So that in what place ever it be in englond that the primate of Caunterbury w●l hot and constrain to gad●e a Counseyl of clergy/  
The prymate of york is held with his Suffrygans for to be there and for to be obedient to the ordinance that there shall be lawfully ordained. When the prymate of Caunterbury is deed the prymate of york shall come to Caunterbury and with other Bishops he shall sacre him that is choose and so with other bishops he shall sacre his own prymate· if the prymate of york be deed/ his successor shall come to the Bishop of caunterbury and he shall take his. ordinance of him and do his oath with profession and lawful obedience/ ¶ After within about the year of our lord xj honderd four score and xu in the time of king Richard been reasons set for the right of the party for either prymate/ & what one Prymate died to that other in time of th●rstinus of thomas & of other bishops of york from the Conquest unto king harry's time the thyrdde/ Also there it is said how each of them start from other/ This place is but a forspeking and not a full tretis therof· therefore it were noyeful to charge this place with all thilk reasons that there been made.   

DA quot quando et quibus inhabita ta ●it gentibus ¶ Capitulum 58  
BRitons dwelled first in this Ilond the xviij year year of Hely the prophet the xj year of Silvius postumus king of latyns/ xliij year aftir the taking of Troy to fore the building of Rome four honderd and xxxij year ¶ Beda libro primo· They come hither and took her course from armorik that now is that other brytayn/ they held long time the south contreyes of the ylond/ ¶ Hit befell afterward in vaspasianus time duke of Rome that the Pyctes shipped out of Scicia in to Ocean and were driven about with the wind and entered in to the north costs of Irlond and fond there Scots and prayed to have a place to dwell in/ and might none gete/ For Irlond as Scots said might not sustain both people ¶ Scots sent the pyctes to the northsides of brytayn. And behight hem help against the Brytons that were their enemies if they would arise  
And took 'em wives of her daughters upon such a condition if doubt fylle· who should have right for to be king they should rather cheese hem a king of the mother side than of the faders side/ of the women kin rather than of the men kind Ganfr In vaspasiane themperours'emperors time when marius arviragus son was king of Britons/ One Roderik king of pyctes came out of Scicia and▪ 'gan to destroy Scotland/ then marius the king slew this Roderick. And yaf the north party of Scotland that heet Cathenesia to the men that were come with rotherik and were overcome by him for to dwell Inn/ but these men had none wives ne none might have of the nation of brytons. therefore they saylled in to Irlond and took to their wives prysshmen daughters by that covenant that the Mother blood should be put tofore in succession of heritage. Gir. c/ 17. Netheles syrinus super virgilium seith that pyctes been agatyrses that had some dwelling place about the waters of scicia/ & they been called pyctes of painting and smyting of wounds that been seen on her bodies/ For they had moche flewme and were oft boxed and bete blood and had many wounds seen on her body So that they seemed as men were painted with wounds/ therefore they were called pyctes as painted men ¶ These men and the goths been all one people. For when maximus the tyrant was went out of Brytayn in to France for to occupy thempire Thenne Gracianus and valentinianus that were brethren and felaws of th'empire brought these Goths out of Scicia with great yefts with fflatering and fair byhestes in to the north own name In king edgards time kynadyus Alpynus son was duke & leder of the Scots and warred in pycte land & destroyed the pyctes he warred six scythes in Saxon and took all the land that is between twede and the scotyssh see. with wrong and with strength   

¶ De Incolarum Anguis ¶ Capitulum 59  
AS it is known how many manner people been in this Ilond there been also many languages and tongues. Netheles welsh men and scots that been not meddled with other nations keep neygh yet their first language and speche· but yet the scots that were sometime confederate and dwelled with pyctes draw somewhat after their speech/ But the Flemynges that dwell in th● westside of wales have left her strange speech & speaken like to saxons/ also englysshmen though they had fro the beginning three manner speeches Southern northern and myddel speech in the middel of the land as they come of three manner of people of Germamania. Netheles by commyxtion and meddling first with danes and afterward with normans In many things the country language is appayred/ for some use strange wlaffing/ chytering harring garring and grisbyting/ this appayring of the language cometh of two things/ One is by cause that children that gone to school learn to speak first englysshe/ & than been compellid to constrew● her lessons in Frenssh and that have been used sin the norm●ns come in to Englond/ Also gentilmens' children been learned and taught from their yongthe to speak French/ Andrea uplondyssh men will counterfete and liken hem self to gentlemen and arn busy to sp●ke frensshe for to be more set by. Wherefore it is said by a common proverbe· jack would be a gentleman if he could speak frensshe. ¶ Trevisa This manner was moche used to fore the great deth·s But sith it is somdele changed For sir johan cornuayl a master of grammar changed the teaching in grammar school and construction of Frenssh in to englysshe. and other Scoolmaysters use the same way now in the year of our lord/ M·iij/ C·lx·v. the/ ix year of king Richard the second and leave all frenssh in scoles and use all construction in englissh. where in they have advantage one way·s that is that they learn the sooner their grammar And in another disavauntage/ For now they learn no ffrenssh ne can none/ which is hurt for them that shall pass the see/ And also gentlemen have moche left to teach their children to speak frenssh ¶ R Hit seemeth a great wonder that Englyssmen have so great diversity in their own language in sown and in speaking of it/ which is·s all in one ylond· And the language of Normandye is comen out of another land/ and hath one manner son among all men that speaketh it in englond For a man of Kente Southern/ western and northern men speaken Frensshe all like in sown & speech. But they can not speak their englyssh so Trevisa Netheles there is as many diverse manere of Frensshe in the Royamme of France as is diverse englysshe in the Royamme of Englond ¶ R Also of the foresaid tongue which is departed in three is great wonder/. For men of the East with the men of the west accord better in swooning of their speech than men of the north with men of the south/ Therefore it is that men of mercij that been of myddel englond as it were partyners with the ends understand bet● the side languages northern & southern than northern & southern understand either other· W/ de p. li/ 3· all the languages of the northumbres & specially at york is so sharp slyting froting and unshape that we southern men may uneath understand that language I suppose the cause be that they be nigh to the alyens that speak strangely And also by cause that the kings of englond abide and dwell more in the south country than in the north country. The cause why they abide more in the south country than in the north country. is by cause that there is better corn▪ land more people moo noble cities. & moo prouffytable havens in the south country than in the north   

¶ De gentis huius moribus ¶ Gir in itinere. Capitulum· 60  
FOr the manners and the doing of walssmen and of Scots been tofore somewhat declared· Now I purpose to tell & declare the manners and the conditions of the medlid people of englond/ B●t the Flemyngys' that been in the west side of wales been now turned as they were englysshe by cause they company with englyssmen/ And they be mighty and strong to fight And been the most enemies that walshmen have and use merchandise and clothing/ And been full ready to put 'em self to adventures and to peril in the See and land by cause of great winning/ And been sometime ready to go to the plough/ and sometime to deeds of arms when place and time axeth It seemeth of these men a great wonder that in a boon of a wethers right shoulder when the fflesshe isw sudden away and not roasted they know what it have be done/ is done and shall be done as it were by a spirit of prophecy and a wondered craft ¶ They tell what is done in far countries tokenes of peace or of war. the state of the Royamme/ slaying of men and spousebreche such things they declare certainly of tokenes and signs that be in such a sholdre boon ¶ R But thEnglishmen that dwellen in englond and been meddled in the ylond and been far fro the places that they sprung of first tornen to contrary deeds lightly without enticing of any other men by her own assent/ And so uneasy also full unpatient of peace enemy of business & full of sloth W de pon̄/ libro tercio/ saith that when they have destroyed her enemies all to ground. thenne they fight with hem self and sleeth each other as a voyde· and an empty stomach wircheth in hit self. ¶ R Netheles men of the south been esyer and more mild/ than men of the north/ For they be more unstable. more cruel and more uneasy. The myddel men been somdele partners with both/ Also they use 'em to gluttony more than other men and been more cestlew in meet and clothing/ me supposeth that they took that vice of king hardekunt that was a dane. For he heat set forth twice double mess at dyner & at soper also these men been spedeful on horse and a foot. able and ready to all manner deeds of arms And been wont to have victory and maystrye in every fight where no tr●son is walking. And been curious and can well tell deeds and woundres that they have seen. Also they go in diverse lands uneath been any men richer in her owen land/ or more gracious in far and in strange lands/ They can better win and gete new than keep her owen heritage ¶ Therefore it is that they be spradde so wide and ween that every land is their own. The men been able to all manner sleight and wit But to fore the deed blondring and hasty And more wise after the deed And leaveth of lightly what they have begun Pol/ li/ 6. Therefore Eugenius the pope said that Englyssmen were able to do what ever they would/ & to be set & put to fore all other/ ne were that light wit lettyth. And as Hanybal said that the Romayns might not be overcome/ but in her own country ¶ So englyssmen· mow not be overcome in strange lands but in her owen country they be lightly overcome ¶ R These men despysen her own and praise other mennys/ And uneath been pleased ner appayd with their own astate· what befalleth and becometh other men. they will gladly take to hem self· therefore it is that a yeman arayeth him as a squyr/ a squire as a knight A knight as a duke/ A duke as a kynge· yet some go about and like to all manner state and been in no state. ¶ For they that will take every degree be of no degree ¶ For in bearing outward they been mynstrales and herowdes. In talking gre●e speke●s/ In eting and drinking glotons In gathering of catel hucksters and taverners. In araaye tormentors/ In wynnyngys' Argy/ In travail tantaly In taking heed dedaly. In beds Sardanapaly In churches mamet●s· In courts chonder only in privilege of clergy and in prebendis they knowleche 'em self clerkys/ ¶ Trevisa ¶ As. touching the terms of latyn as argy tantali dedali Sardanapali you must understand 'em as the poetes feigned of 'em/ Argus was an herd and kept beestes. he had an honderd eyen/ and argus was also a ship a shipman and a chapman And so Argus might see before and behind and on every side Therefore he that is wise and ware and can see that he be not deceived may be called argus· And so the Cronyke saith in plurel numero that Englyssmen been Argy/ that is to say they see about where as winning is/ ¶ That other word tantali the poet feigned that tantalus slow his own sone· wherefore he is dampened to perpetuel penaunce· And he standeth always in water up to the neither lip. And hath always Ripe apples and noble fruit hanging down to the over lip/ but the fruit ner the water may not come within his mouth· he is so hold and standeth between meet and drink and may neither eat ne drynke· & is ever an hongred & a thirst that woe is him a lyve· by this manner lyknes of tantalus they that do right naught/ there as much thing is to do in every side been called tantali/ It seemeth that it is to say in travail they be tantali/ For they do right naught thereto/ the thyrdde word is dedali. take heed that dedalus was a subtle and a sly man/ And therefore by likeness they that been subtle and sly been called dedali/ the fourth word is Sardanapali You shall understand that Sardanapalus was king of assyryens and was full unchaste and used him to lie softe· And by a manere of likeness of him they that live unchastely been y cleped Sardanapaly R But among all Englysshe men meddled to gyders is so great changing and diversity of clothing and of array and so many manner & diverse shappes that well nigh is there any man known by his clothing and his Array of what somever degree that he be. thereof prophesied an holy anchor in king Egelfrede's time in this manner Henricus libro sexto Englyhssmen for as much as they use them to dronkelewnes/ to treason and to rychelesnes of gods house/ First by danes and then by Normans·s and atte thyrdde time by scots that they hold most wretches and lest worth of all other· they shall be overcome· thenne the world shall be so unstable and so diverse and variable that the unstableness of thoughts shall be bitokened by many manner diversities of clothing   
¶ Explicit liber primus   

¶ Liber secundus.  

¶ Cao. p io./  
AFter that places and countries be reckoned and described of the world wide. the order of the tale of the story axeth that bearing & deeds of the world be also descrived· But every thing is for somewhat. and that is more· Trevisa/ Here this authority of the philosophre is to mean. that all thing that is reasonable and kindly ordained for another thing/ as a mean for to come thereto and for to save/ It is ordaining for better thing and more noble than is that thing that is so ordaining. therefore/ eeryng· and sowing and donging of land· is ordained for to have good corn/ And good corn is better than all the other deel Also medicine is ordained for heel/ and he'll is better than the medicine/ Also meet and drink and other things be ordained for the life/ And the life is better and more noble than the meet and drink. and all other things that be so ordained for the life ¶ R Than sith that the more world is made for the lass as holy write saith/ The more shall serve the lasse· and now the more world is described in our foresawes in the first book. than is it skylful somdele to describe the lass world also. from the beginning of his forne dedes·s that it might be know what manner thing it is. and how great/ that is so little/ and doth so greet deeds. in the more world that is so great & so huge/ And also the worcher and the maker of all things that hath with him shaply reasons of all manner things. when he had made the more world than he made the lass/ And thaugh he made him lord of the great world. yet he printed on him the likeness of the great world for a man and the world be like in three things/ In length and breed in kindly disposition and virtues working  
¶ And first though the length of a man's body that is from the soole of the foot to the top of the heede· be such six as the breed that is from the one side of the ribs to the other side and ten so much as the depnesse that is from the rig to the womb ¶ Netheles Plenius libro/ seven/ ca/ 18/ seith that as much space as is between cinct. that is the point that is in the firmament even against him in the other side of the earth so moche is out of the eest in to the west and so it is in the body of a man that as moche as is from the soole of the foot to the top of the heed/ so moche is between his twey longest fyngres ends and he stretch out his arms and hands a brood Also Plenius the right capᵒ 17. saith that the stature & the measure of a child when he is three year old is even half his measure and his stature that he shall have when he is of age. if he live so lo●g/ the second as we see in the world so we see in a man/ that 〈◊〉 membres & the parties helpeth and standeth everich other in ste●e and bynemmeth his woo· For the over limbs governeth a●d yeveth. the neither limbs beareth and serveth/ the middle receiveth and dealeth about the other limbs/ And in the either world if a limb is out of his own place and entrede to another place/ than in his own/ anon is great distourbaunce made as when the air is enclosed within the earth/ than thearth quaketh/ & when within the clouds than is greet thundering Also in the body of a man when the limbs be writhed out of her own places/ or if the humours be apayrede. than is ache sickness and sorrow ¶ Also when the limbs be well arrayed and as they should be in shape colour and hew manner quantity gretenesse and smallness moving and place than hath the man good peace and quiet and is in good hele and rest ¶ The contrary falls and the limbs be evil and not rightly arrayed/ Therefore Plato yafe his doom & said such ordinances & disposition and shap as a man hath in his kindly membres and lymmes·s such kindly manners & deeds he foloweth· also as it is in the parties of the great world that they be so ordained. and set that the highest of the neither kind touch the lowest of the high kynde· As oystres and shelfysshe that be as it were lowest in beasts kind passeth/ but litil the perfection of life of trees and herbs. ¶ For they may not meeve 'em but as c●lpes of the See waggeth with the water else they cleaven to the earth/ and may neither see ne here/ taste ne smell but only feel/ when they be touched ¶ And the last of the earth touchethe lowest of the water· And the over most of the water toucheth the lowest of the eyer and so upward by degrees anon to the overmost heaven Also the highest in bodily kind that may be cleped skylfully man's body kindly & parfytly disposed arecheth to the lowest of the next overkind that is man's soul that holdeth the lowest degree of spirits and of goostes that have knowledge and understandyng· And therefore it is cleped Oryson as it were the next narche in kind between bodily and ghostly thynges·s By the soul me gooth up from the lowest kind by degrees of knowleche and of cunning anon to the overmost knowleche and understanding ¶ And when the soul is all clean without earthly liking it reacheth otherwhile to holy spirits that be nothing bodily also man hath somewhat common with things that be parties of the great world ffor gregory in an Omely says that a man hath being with stones living with trees/ & herbs/ feeling with beasts knowledge & understanding with angelis. Also in men's body seemeth earth in flesh & bones/ water in blood & in other humours/ eyer in the longs: fire in the heart: & is called homo in latin & antropos in grue. & is as it were a tree turned upso doum & hath an heed with here as it were a root & hath arms & thighs as it were bows Touching the third likeness that is virtuous working we see as gregory saith in an Omelye of the aduent that the world was atte beginning thryving & strong for to bring forth children as it were in youth/ & was full of heel & so fressh & green & by great riches it was fat/ but now it is abated with eld & as it were driven toward the death with oft & many diseases: So in a man's youth the body is thryving the breast is strong the noll. is bold/ the arms be full/ But in his eld the stature boweth & croketh & stonpeth a down/ the bold noll. abateth the breast is driven often with many sighs & soore· the breath shorteth & in all the body might and strength abateth And though there were none other sickness in old men for the more deal ●●le is sickness Also as we see that in the more world be two contrary moevynges/ One is kyndely· by the which the planets and neither welkens meove out of the west in to the est. That other is violent by the which they be ravesshed ayeinwarde with the moeving of the overmooste welkin or firmament out of the Eeste in to the west ¶ So it fareth in a man that the flesh coveteth against the spirit ● and the spirit against the flesh  
¶ For the neither knowleches and wits fight against the reason ¶ And yet a man hath common working and suffering like to many other parties of the more world For he is slow and heavy as the earth/ and fleteth away as the water and withdraweth suddenly as the eyer/ and heteth as the ffyre▪ changeth as the moan/ fighteth and sleeth as mars/ coveteth as Marcurius: goth out of kind as jupiter/ And is cruel as Saturnus ¶ Also plenius libro septimo· capitulo tricio saith that as the utter parties of the greet world wellith and springeth full of miracles wonders & meruaylles as in Ind/ Ethiopia blue men land and in Affryca ¶ So in mankind kind hath slily & craftily made wondered works & mirth/ for first in a man's face there been t●n limbs other few moo. there is so great diursyte that among many thousand men uneath is one found in face like to another. In affryca be many that have witching tongues so that things that they praise they shende & slay with her praisynges/ so that trees that they preysen waxed dry & children die So in trivallis & in Iliricis be men that slay with her sight what they behold and look on long namely and they be grieved/ and wroth while they look so and bihold· and these have in either eye twey blacks ¶ Also among us varro says kind hath y gendred & brought forth venom in some men's eyen so that none evil is found. that their nies somewhat lyche yfound in mankind. So some parties of a man's body be forbyson and boding of wondres so Pyrrhus king of Epyrothes had a great too in his right foot/ the touching of that too was a good medicine against venom/ ¶ And that too might not be brent with the other bodye· when the other parties of his body was brent So auctors tell also Plius li 7 ca●e 7 saith that some men be geten and born with gendering stones clening to gyders as it were all one/ Somme be born with one bone all hool in stead of teth and that boon is harder and sharper than any man's tooth/ ¶ So prusi king of Bithimia had a son that had aboon in his mouth in stead of his other teth/ one boon all hool and that boon was so hard/ that when the other deal of the body was brent that boon might not brenne also Ibid ca 18. Some men live and everich of hem hath the bones of his body cleving to gyders as it were all one bone all hoole & without marry: these men be never a thirst also they sweet never more· Trevisa Some men tell some man in irland hath one boon all hoole in oo side in stead of all his ribs: & Tom hayward of barkley hath in the moold of his heed polle & forheed but one boon all hool therefore he may well suffer great strokes above on his heed without hurt: Also plius l: 7: c: 21 seith that some men had in all the body sinews even straight thwert over & cross wise & ●assing wondered in strength: some may dure to run without werinesse some be passing clear of fight: as a knight that hight Strabo stood in a waits place & saw the navies & ships of puny that were from him an honderd five and thirtty miles: Also plius li. 11: capitulo: 44: saith That tiberius Cezar saw more clearly in derknesse than in light so that when he waked in the night he might see all thing clearly about/ Also plius li 7 c 27· Somme were wonder mighty of mind as cyrus king of pierce that to all the knights of his host yaf certain names ¶ R And seneca/ p. li/ declamacionum saith of himself that he was so mighty of mind that he rehearsed two thousand names arewe by heart in the same order as they were said. and that he rehearsed moo than two honderd versus/ that other men had yeven and began at/ last/ & rehearsed anon to the first withouten any faylle/ Also he saith that Cineas Pyrrhus messenger king of Epirotes. this Cineas the second day that he came to Rome he salewed and grette the Senators and spoke to everich of the people about him by his own name· Another saith that Cineas had made a great making of poesy. For he rehearsed it atte first hearing more swiftly than he that had made it. Also plius/ li 7/ c. 27. Seith that some were noble & wise of wit as julius cezar that was wont to rede & write what men saide with a good advisement all atones/ Also he used to write quires & indite lettres & write pistles all atones  
Also plius libro 7 c 18/ seith that some men have more strength in the right side and some have more in the life side· and some be like strong in either side· Also men be hevyer than women & deed men's bodies be hevyer than quick & sleeping than waking hevier also· Of the careynes of deed men runneth foul moisture & humours & they lig upright/ and of the careynes of deed women/ if they leg neveling & dounright as thaugh kind spared shame ¶ Also li. 7. ca 17 we rede that oon man lough that day that he was born and put away a man's hand that groped & handled him also c. 20/ Me speaketh/ of some men that never lough of some that weep never. of some that spit never of some that bok balked never/ Trevisa Rogger bag was a full old man at wotton under egg in gloucestreshire he spit never he coughed never Also seneca ubi pius c 4 ¶ And as· it is among other beestes so it is in mankind that sometime one of mankind is both man & woman & such is cleped hermofrodyta & was sometime cleped androginus & in englyssh is called a scrette & accounted among meruaylles & wondres but now among us it is deynte/ for it is seld seen Also we have y seen & herd that some change wonderly her shape/ For we saw in affryca a maid the same day that she should have been wedded transformed & turned in to a man & anon forthwith berded & membered & lymmed as a man & wedded a wyf with in a short time after Also saint austinus de c/ d/ libro tercio/ c// 29 toucheth that agellus/ li· atticar●co noccm saith that women be sometime turned in to men it is no magel tale but it is sooth as the lettres be written/ therefore agellus saith that in a Cyte called Smyrna He saw a maid turned in to a man/ the same day that she should have been wedded/ Also such one was brought to Rome to the Senators in time of lascivious crassus and cassius longinus consuls of Rome and by hest of dyvynours that tok● heed of weder and of chittring of birds it was born into a wild island. Also titus lyvius speaketh of hens that were turned in to cokkes/ And avicenna libro/ 8/ de animalibus speaketh of an hen that had overcome a cok in fighting/ & after the fighting & the victory she rered up the tail as a cok· & had anon a spore growing on the leg and a crest on the heed as it were a cok/ Also capitulo ·5· Trogus seith that in egypte be ·vij· children born at one birthen/ & thighs days if two twins be born it is seld that the mother & the first child live long after the birth & namely if the one be a knavechild & that other a mayde· Also· cao. · 12. And sometime a woman conceiveth twey children & is but a lytil time between and so the children be afterward born one after another and be parfihte ynowgh/ as it was of hercules & his brother hispycle/ And so it ferde or happened of that woman that bore two childer· one like to her husband/ & that other to the compyner/ & of that woman that in the seven/ moaneth after her birth in the second month after she bore twey Childre/ somme women bear always. maid children & some always knave children & some always changen and bearen sometime a maid child & sometime a man child some be barren/ & conceive of no man & some conceive of some men & of some men conceiveth not. Also/ ca/ 13/ Some bear childre like to hem self· & some like to the father & some like to no man. somme bear daughters like to the faders and some like to hem self· Somme bear children like to her forfaders' Ensample is Nyceus the noble peyntour at by sancm that was born of a fair mother and went out of kind & had one hand as a blue man Hugo capitulo malo· ¶ Me saith that woman's kind is such/ that she conceiveth children like to things that they see painted & shape for the working of the soul while the body is in geeting of a child sendeth inward likeness & shape that she seethe without & rauess●th the images thereof as it were to his disposition/ & so they usen in spain for to bring fair horses & gentel & hold 'em before the mares and in her sight while they conceive/ & they use also to peynt fair culuers or downs in places there culuers were wont to devil/ And quintilianus defendeth and excuseth a woman that was accused of spousebreche for she had born ablue man·s And he leyed for her that such an image was painted in her bedchambre when she conceived that child. and ypocras wrote of a woman that should be dampened to the death for she had born a fair child that was not like to herself/ ne to the father/ but ypocras made men assay/ And it was found that such an image was painted in the father & mother hedchambre/ while that child was conceived/ and so the mother was saved. Plius· li 7/ c/ 13. There for in a man be many diversities for swyftnesse of thought and changing of wit in the conception emprynteth in many divers likeness and shappes·s In other beasts wit is as it were not changeable therefore among 'em all the broad is like to the same kind Augustinus de ci. de/ li· 16/ ca/ 7   

¶ Capitulum. secundum  
OF brodes that be wonderly shapen me axeth if they come of adam and Noah/ Some of 'em hete. ciclopes & have. but on eye in the forheede/ Somme have both the shap of man & woman & gendereth to gider & getteth & conceive & bearen children as the course cometh about/ For one's he shall gete child. & he shall eftsoons conceive & go with child in his time as it goth about/ Some women conceive at/ u year old· & live not over eight year. some have thighs without hams & be wonderly swift and hete ciopodes for they lie neveling & down right in the summer time & deffenden hem self with the shadow of her feet from the hete of 〈◊〉 son whereto we answer and say that it needeth not to trow that there be so many manner misshapen men as men speaken of· Netheles reason as is yeven of wonder shape children that be among us such reason men may yeven of divers manner people that be wonderly shapen/ For god knoweth where and when it needeth to make any manner thing/ he knoweth the fairness of all creatures and with what likeness and unlikeness of parties they be meddled to gyders ¶ Certainly in our time was a man born in the Este that had two bodies unto the myddel of the womb & bynethe but one ¶ But yet for all that we shall trow that be come of Adam/ Therefore such as be wonderly shape owther they be nought· owther they be no men/ owther if they be men without doubt they come of Adam's kind ¶ Touching antipodes that men speaketh of & singeth that they be men in the other side of the earth and her feet toward ours and her heed yondward and treaden hiderward/ that may be trowed by no reason/ there is no story that maketh us have knowledge/ but only by guessing of mankind such a tale is found/ Though the earth be round all about and somdele hanging within the holownesse of heaven/ natheles the earth is not bore in that side/ For it is biclypped and closed within the water/ and though it were bore and not so closed· yet followeth not that men should devil there/ R/ But he would mean as marcianus saith in his astrology that the sign capricornus the great maketh summer to the antipodes and the cancer the sign maketh to them winter/ And that is accounted. beyond the side of ethyopia blue men's land/ there men tornen well nigh her feet toward men's feet that dwell about the ylond tile. under the north star Trevisa. Here take heed that the circle that the son holdeth his course in by the year is deled in twelve parties and every party thereof is cleped a sign and every sign hath a proper name/ These be the names of the signs. The weder the bull the twins/ the crab the lion/ the maid the balance. the▪ scorpion the archer/ the good the stew/ the fish/ also twelve months be in the year and everych month entered in to a sign as it falls for the month/ and so in march it entereth in to the weder in aprile in to the bowl/ In may in to the twins in june in to the crabs and so forth arewe by months & signs So that in december the son is in the Goote/ than marcianus will mean when he seethe that the good maketh summer to the antipodes that when the son is in the goote than it is summer with hem But in december it is midwinter moneth· & when he seethe that the crab maketh 'em winter he meeneth that when the son is in the crab than it is winter with 'em. that is june that is midsummer month & thus it is declared what is to mean the goote maketh 'em summer & the crab winter/ ysid eth ·l/ 11· sometime births be born wondelrly shapen for to be boding & to kenning of wonders that shall befall. but than they live not long· as in excerses tyme. king of pierce a mare foled a Fox & boded that the kingdom should be undo/ & in the greet king alisander in his time was brought forth a be'st wonderly shapen. for the over parties of him were shapen as the ꝑties of a man but they were deed/ & the neither parties were shapen as the parties of dius manner beestes & were alive & betokened sudden sleing of the king/ for the were ꝑties lived longer than the better Trevisa Wiliam wait of berkley saw a child with twey hedes and twey nekkes born and cristened at mese in Loreyn the year of our lord thousand three honderd luj/ that year the king of France was taken atte batayle of peyters/ this child had twey arms and twey legs as other children have/ and he had the thyrdde leg growing out above the buttokkis behind and the thyrdde arm between the twey shoulders/ ¶ Item Isid/ li. 11/ capitulo tercio Sometime is grisly and wonderfully changing of shappes of men in to beestes & is do by words other by wyccecrafte. some hath and receiveth such changing by the same kind. somme by corruption passith and changeth in to other kind and so of calves rooted cometh bees and of horse rooted cometh thavers· therefore Ovid saith if thou craft have take arms hollow for the crab/ Scorpio bringeth hail to sting with kroked· tail. Au/ li/ 18· c sexto. In the matier of wondered turning changing and shaping of men & women it is to hold that fendes and evil men mow make no kind neither change that is made· Nevertheless almighty god suffereth likeness of things diversly for to seem/ so that the fantasy of a man that gedreth likeness of divers things in thought and in dreaming or swevening when the wits be let and take none heed maketh to seem likeness of bodies that is not present also of images and of diverse likeness and shappes of things that never were made· and so men waking seemeth that they see likeness and shap of divers things & of beestes. as men seem sleeping and meeting wondered swevenes'/ & seem sometime that they bear many heavy birthons but and they be birthons fendes bear hem/ and so god that deemeth rightfully suffereth mankind be oft so beguiled R Of this matier look within more plainly after the battle of Troy   

¶ Capitulum tercium  
THough man as it is said be like & accord to the world in two things that be contained therin·s Netheles in many points of man's condition of his prerogative and his worthiness he is diverse and unlike to the world  
¶ For though man's body were made first of earth/ yet it was so covenablie and so according to the soul that in man's body was evenness of complexion according to limbs rightfulness of stature/ fairness of shap/ & so should the body be afterward buxom to the soul withouten any rebellion and bring forth childre without any sin and live without any defaute of strength and be translated and changed in to bliss of heaven withouten deing and death. also he should gete and conceive childre without shame and a woman should bear childre without sorrow and woe/ and have meet and drink without sweet and travail stering and moeving in limbs withouten any mysfare/ and to all this paradyse was yeven mankind for to· dwell in/ and woman for to be man's fellow/ paradyse to woning place/ the tree of life for meet and all creatures for solace and a●te last god himself for to be man's meed/ But alas that so noble a banyour fell● so soon. that was erly brought forth/ & put in worship he knew not that he should be like to beestes when he did that was forbade Fro that day forth the body that is corrupt by sin grieveth the soul ¶ The flesh coveteth against the soul and man's wits torn and assent lightly to evil A man's own meynal wits/ be his own enemies/ so that all man's life is in temptation while he liveth here in earth. & the disposipon of the soul ruleth meynteneth/ helpeth and comforteth the body/ But ayeinward the wretched disposition of the body distourbeth the soule· Also man is ever faylling and wayward he may not stydfastly abide/ he falls lightly but he ma● not lightly arise/ profit of birth is sorrow and care in living and man must needs die Plenius libro septimo decimo capitulo tercio decimo· ¶ And thaugh all other that be made have shells rinds skins. wool here/ bristels feders wings owther skals/ Man is born without any heling or kevering naked and bore/ anon at his birth. he gynneth for to weep atte beginning like a be'st but his limbs fayllen him and may not help himself· but he is feebler than any other beeste/ he can noon help/ he may naught do of himself but weep with all his might Not be'st hath life more brutyl and unseker/ None hath sickness more grievous no●n more liking to do otherwise than he should. none is more cruel ¶ Also other beestes lone everich other of the same kind and devil to guider and be not cruel/ but to beestes of other kind that be contrary to hem/ ¶ But man torneth that manner doing up so down/ and is contrary to himself and cruel to other men/ and if he may not reach for to grieve other/ then he becometh angry and cruel to himself ¶ R And yet to all these man hath twey myshappes and that rightfully. one is of himself within/ so that he that threw away peace and rest warred within him/ in his living he hath neither peace ne rest but war & strif within Another myshap man hath without forth. So that he that would naught be subget to god that is above him now he feeleth his underlinges rebel to hym· so that the creatures that were yeven man to solace of brutelnes to susteyning of comfort to bear up feebleness to service and subjection to myron● and showing of wonders/ Now for the most deal they flee man's sight and his felawship fro his company and hateth his handling & will naught of his lordship. and dreadeth for to live and dwell with him   

¶ Capitulum/ 4  
ADam was made of earth in the felled of damask the sixthe day of the world and brought in to paradise and sinned the same day and was put out after midday/ and so he fill out of the state of Innocence. and of wealth in to the valley of wretchedness and of woo· Man in his beginning might take weal sweet meet in gods own house But he desired that he should not and assayed that was forbade. And fill out of high in to low out of light in to derknesse and slyme· out of his own land and country in to outlawing/ out of his house in to wailing/ and trouble/ Out of fruits in to wiping and woe Out of praysinge in to dole and sorow· out of mirth in to stryf/ out of love in to hate. out of joy and wealth in to pain and ●●ene/ out of health and grace in to gilt and sin/ out of peace in to pain out of homlynesse in to offence and wrath ¶ Methos This Adam the xu· year of his life bigate cayn that is co●unely called Cain and his sister Calmana Than/ xv. year aftir that when adam was·s thirty/ year old he gate Abel and his sister delbora/ but Abel was slain and his father & mother made dole and sorrow for him an honderd yere· ¶ R· ¶ As hebrews saith/ Adam begat seethe the year of his age an honderd and thryttye. And lived afterward. viij·C/ year/ And so Adam lived in all nine honderd year and thyrtty Trevisa There were three score and ten· that turned holy writ out of hebrew in to grewe· And they be cleped the three score and ten· ¶ R ¶ Adam deyed & was buried in Ebron that is cleped also/ Caryatharbe that is to mean the Cyte of four that be patriarchs that be buried there that be adam abraham ysac and jacob ¶ Seethe gate enos when he was an honderd year old and fxue and lived after/ viij C/ year/ but the three score and ten seyens that seth was two honderd year and five when he begat enos and lived afterward seven honderd year and fyftene· But the three score and ten seyens that Enos was nine score year & ten when he gate caynan and lived afterward seven honderd year and fifteen. Me saith specially that Enos cleped first gods name. For upon caas he fond first. words of prayeng· Other as hebrews tellen. he first fond images to worship of god for to wake the sloth of man's mind in to god almighty. Caynan three score year old and ten gate malaleel & lived afterward/ viij/ C year and fourtye· But the three score & ten putteth an honderd year to fore the seventy/ & withdraweth an honderd afterward Malaleel five and sixty year old gate jareth and lived afetrward eight honderd year and thrytty but the seventy setteth an honderd to fore u & sixty and withdraweth an honderd afterward. jareth an honderd year old & lxij/ gate enoche· and lived afterward eight honderd year/ ¶ In this the seventy acordeth with other: Enoch five and sixty year old bigate matusale and lived afterward three hundred/ year and held god almyghtyes way and was translalated and brought in to paradyse/ But the seventy setteth an honderd year before the five and sixty/ this enoch was fynder of lettres and written some books so saith judas the apostle in his epistle/ Me troweth that· Adam deyed in enokes▪ time/ And as in caymes children lameth the seventh was werste· 〈◊〉 in sethes' children enoch the seventh from Adam was best  
Matussale an honderd year old four score and seven gate lameth/ and lyue●d afterward seven honderd year and twain that was unto no's flood/ lameth an honderd year old four score and tweyn gate no●/ and lived afterward five honderd year four score & ten   

¶ Capitulum 5  
CAym Adam's first son begat enoch/ he gate Irad he gate manayel· he gate matusale he gate lameth. This lameth took ●wey wives ada Ada and sella and gat twey sons on Ada jabel that was father of 'em that woned in tents and in pavilions And tubal that was father of organistres & of harpers  
And lameth gate on Sella tubulcam that was a smyth working with hamer and his sister Noema she fond first weving craft josephus Cain gathered riches violently by strength/ & made men be lechours and thieves and turned sympel living of men to finding of mesures and weights/ he ordained marks and bounds of fields and of lands. and build a cyte and walled it/ For he full sore dread them that he had grieved Ysi libro quinto decimo capitulo secundo ¶ Men were first naked and unarmed not syker against beestes·s nowther against men to defend and keep 'em fro cold and fro heat/ than by business of kind wit/ they bethought them of buyldyng· therefore they build them small coats and cabans and keverd 'em with small twiggis and with reed. that her life might be the more safe  
¶ Petrus capitulo visesimo septimo/ ¶ Lameth the seven from Adam and most shrew was the first that brought in Bygamye and so spousebreche against the law of god and of kind and against gods own doom. ¶ josephus jabel ordained first flokkes of beestes and marks to know one from another And departed kyddes from lambs and young from the old ¶ Petrus Tubalcam found first smytthes craft/ Tuba had great liking to here the hamers sowne· And he fond proportion and accord of melody by weight of the hamers·s And/ so he used hem much in thaccord of melodye· but be was not fynder of the instruments of music For they were fond long afterward ¶ R Here wisemen tellen that thaugh tubal used first music for his plesir while he was an herd and kept beestes for all that was not he that fond firstt the resonne of accord in music by wights but Pyctagoras fond that. thereof look within in the thyrdde book of pytagoras ¶ Petrus visesimo septimo capitulo Lameth an Archer but somdele blind had a youngling that led 'em while he hunted for play and liking owther for one of beestes skins For men eat no flesh before no's flood. And it happened that he slough caym that loyterd among the bushes and wend that he had been a wild be'st/ And for his leder warned him not He slow him also/ And therefore sith that caymes sin was punished sevenfold that is in the seventh generation. For Lameth was the seventh from adam in that line/ Lamethes sin was punished seven and seventy fold for seven and seventy children that come of him were deed in no's flood/ either for many generations were btywene Lameth and Criste that paid ransom/ ¶ josephus ¶ Not man shall trow that it is falls/ that is red of so long living of men that were sometime/ for they lived fair life and had covenable and clean meet and drink Also for blysful virtues that they used and made 'em besye about astrology & Geometrye that they might never lerne· but if they lived six honderd year atte lest in· For in so long time is the/ great year of the stars fulfilled ¶ Petrus Sethes children were good men unto the seventh generation/ But afterward men mysused men/ and women mysused· women ¶ Thenne Gods sons take mennis daughters: That is to. say. Sethes' sons took caymes douhters and begat geantes ¶ Petrus. 29 And it might be that Incubi such feudes that lie/ by women in likeness of men made geantes be y geten. in the which Geantes gretenesse of heart answereth and acordeth to the hugeness of body But after no's flood were other geantes born in ebron and after were other in than a cyte of egypt· and thilk geantes were cleped Tythanes of hem come enachym His children woned in ebron/ Of hem come Golyas ¶ josephus That time men wist as Adam had said/ that they should be destroyed by fire or else by water ¶ There for· books that they had made by greet travail and study he closed 'em in two great pilers made of marble and of brent Tile/ ¶ In a pyler of marbel for water and in a pyler of tile for fyre· ¶ For it should be saved by that manner to help of mankynde· ¶ Me saith that the piler of stone escaped the flood and yet is in Syria Gen. Than when Noah was five honderd year old he begat Sem Cham. and japheth that is to seyne when he was so old he had these three sons geten/ and he made the ship an honderd year afterward of tymbre planed well smooth and was glued within and with out/ The Ship was three honderd cubyte long and fifty cubyte broad/ and thrytty cubyte high from the keel to the hatches under the c●bans and housing ¶ Noah made a window in his ship & a door on the side dounward And housing and cabans with die/ vers floring ¶ The window was a cubyte high Trevisa Hear men may wondre how the window was made bynethe in the side of the ship for coming in of water ¶ Doctor de lira moveth this doubt and saith that there we have Fenestra that is a fenestre and a window the letter of hebrew hath lucerna that is a lantern & sommen sayen that that Lantern was a carbuncle or some other precious stone that shone and gaf light clear ynowgh there it was set/ But some other say that that window was all hool of Crystal stone by which light entered & hield out water. Many other windows were in the ship/ and so needed for the ship was full great and huge and had in full many beestes Petrus 30 This ship was made somdele to the likeness of man's body in the which the length from the soole of the foot to the top of the heed is such six as the breed that is from the myddel of the side ribs in that one side to the middel of the side ribs in that other side/ Also the length is such ten as the depnesse. that stretcheth from the rig to the womb ¶ Trenisa If the man be of full shape as he should be nouther to great ne to small Hugo de Are This ship· might not receive so many beestes and other things and so greet/ but the cubyttes were cubyttes of geometrye For the comune cubit that me useth containeth but a f●ote/ and an half that is six spans ¶ A span stretcheth from the end of the thumb to th'end of the myddel fyngres/ when the hand is straught· But a cubyte of geometry conetyneth sex common cubittis' that will be nine foot long ¶ Gen ¶ Than when the ship was made Noah in the year of his life six honderd entered and go in to that ship·s the first day of the second month that is of man/ & in eight days he brought in to the ship all that he was warned to bring in ere our lord send rain here upon the earth/ And so the flood was made and occupied the earth well nigh all a year/ The water of the flood passed xv/ cubyttes above the highest hills for the work of man kind defouled the eyer so high as me troweth by worshipping of fire that smoked and sprynkeld up so high This year ended. the first age of the world from Adam to no's flood under ten generations that we spoke of rather ¶ And josephus libro primo capitulo quarto ¶ And also the Hebrews say that this first age of the world containeth two thousand year seven honderd six and fifty B●t the seventy turneers and ysidorus libro 5 saith two thousand year seven honderd and two and forty But jerome saith not fully two thousand/ And meotodus seith two thousand/ For here he leaveth the odd years that be over the thousands ¶ For he calcleth and acompteth the ages of the world by thousands and let the other deal abide   

¶ Capitulum sextum  
ATte last when the water of the flood withdrew Noah went out of the ship the/ xxvij· day of the second month that is man· Than our lord behete and promised Noah/ that no such flood should be after that· And in token of that covenaunt· he set his bow in the clouds that is the rain bow ¶ Petrus 329 The rain bow is token out of twey domes/ Of the doom that was done by water ¶ For me should not dread it. and of the doom that shall be by fuyre for me should dread it Therefore the bow hath twey colours/ the utter is wattry for the doom of watir that is a passed the ynner is fiery for the doom of fire shall be And holy saints tellen that the rain bow shall not be seen xl year before the day of doom/ Also they say that it never appeared fro adam to no's flood ¶ Also no rain bow was seen all that time now their flesh ne fyssh eten ne win drunken/ For that time was as were springing time/ and though was enough and plente of all helthful things that was afterward changed through sin/ But after the flood mankind had leave to eat flesh and fyssh. that rather eat herbs and rotes Noah lived after the flood three honderd year and fifty/ And he lived in all nine honderd year and fifty/ and so deyed and left three sons a live Sem Cham and japheth of the which three came all manner of mankind Gen Than two year after the flood Sem was an honderd year old & gate Arphaxath and lived afterward five honderd year Arphaxath was father of caldeis and gate· Sale/ when he was an honderd year old and/ xxxu· as jerom sayth· ¶ But ysidorus libro sexto· and hebrews seyn· xxxv. year & lived afterward three honderd year and three:/ But the seventee and luc also followeth 'em Arphaxath when he was an honderd year and five and thryfty he gate caynan/ and lived after three honderd year & thrytty Caynan an honderd year old and thrytty gate Sale of him come the old Samarytanes and the judes and lived afterward four honderd and eight years and thryttye so the seventy tellen Hebrews saith that Sale when he was thyrtty year old gate Eber ¶ Of this Eber they were called hebrews/ And Sale lived after that he gate eber four honderd year/ But the seventy and ys●dorus account the honderd year bifor the thyrtty & three honderd year after the thirty/ Of Heher Hebrews have the name/ the hebrews say that heber four and thyrtty year old gate phaleth And lived afterward four honderd/ thyrtty year but the seventy putteth an honderd before the four and thrytty Hebrews saiye that phaleth thrytty year old gate Ren that heet Ragan also & lived afterward two honderd year and nine but the seventy and ysidorus putten the honderd before the thyrtty· & afterward two honderd and nine/ This heet phaleth rightfully for phaleth is to say departing For language was departed in his time that rather was all one in the building of the tower of Babel ¶ And so men were departed in to divers lands. Ragan xxxij year old gate Sarug and lived afterward two honderd year and seven so s●iye hebrews. but the seventy and ysidorus set ten an honderd before two and thrytty and afterward two honderdseven He brews say that sarug thrytty year old gate nachor and lived afterward two honderd year and twain/ But the seventy and ysidorus put an honderd year before the thrytty & two honderd afterward Hebrews sayye that nachor xxix year old gate there and lived afterward one honderd year and nine but the seventy put an honderd year before nine and twenty  
¶ And ysidre saith that nachor was seventy year and nine when he gate there The hebrews and ysidorus seyn that there seventy year old gate abraham/ Nachor and aran and lived afterward an honderd year and thirty but the seventy put the honderd year before the seventy year: ¶ Petrus 38 ¶ And so the second age of the world is ended fro no's flood to abrahamns birth and containeth ten generations & two honderd year four score & twelve/ so say hebrews josephus and jerom. But the seventy and saint ans●yn acounten a thousand year and two and seventy and eleven generations But ysidorus acounteth nine honderd year and two and forty and meotodus a thousand ¶ The caas of this dyversite is/ for the seventy/ and saint Augustyn also putten to everych faders age from arphaxath to nachor an honderd year Beda As Noah was the tenth from Adam so Abraham was the tenth from Noη ¶ Netheles luc in his genologye· when he saith Qui fuit Sale that is to mean that was Sales son. and so forth that was caynans son that was Arphaxath son/ ¶ There luc followeth the seventye· that putten one generation moo than the hebrews put/ ¶ Augustinus de civitate dei libro 15/ capitulo 13 When in many translations is dyspite found that may not stand than the first language that the turning & the translation is made of shall be most be bileved Beda The turning and translation of the seventy was first not fully turned readily owther it was afterward appayred by misbilevid men Eusebius ¶ from adam to abraham is no story found in grew nowther in strange language Methodius ¶ Νoah had a son born two thousand year & an honderd after the beginning of the world. That son was called jonytus ¶ Noah gave him lordship anon to the see elyochora to him god almighty yafe wit and wisdom that he should find sciences of astronomy and that he coude tell bifore· what should befall and come afterward and specially of the beginning and ending of the four chief kingdoms/ and so he knew that first of came the assiriens should regne of cham come belus· afterward of Sem the Medes the perses and the gre●s/ Thenne of japheth the Romans/ jonytus showed all this to his disciple Nemproth/ therefore Nemproth had great desire to regne & reigned in babylon among Chames children. they gate and hield Assiria in egypte for to Nynus reigned in assiria upon the assires josephus libro primo capitulo quinto ¶ After that Noah was deed in phalathes tyme· than all the men of the world had one language and tongue Noes children by teaching and leading of nemproth trowed and bileved that good haps & good speed is not of god almighty but by man's own virtues & deeds/ Also they wend that god almighty would depart 'em by enuye· that he might the more lightly make 'em subget Also they dread that another flood should come and builded a well high tower of brent tile and glue in stead of mortar in the field that heat Sennaar/ theridamas babylone was afterward build/ but god almighty departed hem For they should not make dessention and strife among hem self This nemproth was chus son. chus was cams sonne· And Cham was no's son/ That place is cleped babel that is to say shedding/ For there at god almyghtyes heest/ the language and the tongues of the builders were shadde and skaterd/ Heber was held guiltless of conspiration in the building of the tower and therefore he was spared as guiltless in the shedding of tongues Petrus 35. Than nemproth a strong hunter of men that is a tyrant upon men/ he put assur out of that land & began to regne among chams children in the cyte of babylon that he build. Neth●l●● semyramys the queen afterward made this cyte well more Afterwards nemproth went to the men of pierce and taught 'em to worship the fuyre & founded there the cyte nynyve/ afterwad nynus and semyramys made that Cyte more/ Augustinus de civitate dei/ libro octodecimo cao. primo   

¶ Capitulum/ 7  
When men were departed and to shufte or skatred in to diverse lands and everich followed his own liking and will while that it seemed that what that was desired was enough to no man. Mankind was departed against himself and the stronger party bore down that other/ and told more price of Freedom than of salvation and of heel/ So that it was greet wonder of 'em that had liefer be lost and spylt than be underlynges & servants/ And yet by loor of kind better is be underling and servant than be put out of life. Therefore by goods ordenannce it is do that some men be kings and lords/ and some subgettis and servants. Isidorus libro 8 ca/ 3/ Than men that came of Seem/ Noes first son had the south land from the rising of the son anon to the Fenyces men that so heat These men that come of Sem occupied four honderd countries and six under seven and twenty languages ¶ They that come of cham held the land by the south Ocean unto the se● Gadytan three honderd countries four score and fourten under thrytty languages & tongues/ Au. li/ 6. They that come of japheth held the land from the hill that heat mons Taurus in Salicia. Northward toward the north Ocean to half deal of asia and all Europia unto the brytyssh Ocean that is the englysshe see· three honderd contrees under fyften languages and tonges·s and left each land and people his name of the which many be now changed other of kings of lands other of the same lands/ other of manners of men of lands ¶ Other things stand as they were· So that yet it is seen of whom that they come ¶ As the Assures come of Assur and the Hebrews of H●ber Of some is no reason known/ as that that me saith that Egypcians pertain to mes●aym and Ethyopens to chus ¶ josiphus libro· primo capitulo quinto ¶ Of Chus unto now the Ethyopens be cleped Chusey and the Egypcians mysrey ¶ And so when men were to scattered in to diverse londes·s Some changed Names as hem liked as the grease/ oh wther for feyrenesse of writing/ Owther for liking of readers other for to make her own self the nobley of her forfaders. ¶ Hugo Capitulo Frisia ¶ Oft names be set for manere of doynge· As when we will mean that the Trojans be ferful we clepe 'em Frigios ¶ And if we will● mean that they be gentel and Noble we call 'em Dardano/ ¶ If we will mean that they be strong we call 'em Trojans ¶ If hardy we clepe 'em hectours. ¶ Isidorus li 14· ca 2 ¶ Men of the eest sownen her words in the throat as Hebrews and Sires men of myddel lands in the roof of the mouth as Grease and Asians ¶ Men of the west breaketh her words between the teth as spaynols and Romayns ¶ Augustinus de civitate dei libro sexto decimo capitulo octodecimo ¶ But sith that men were first skatred in to diverse lands though the kingdoms of Assyryens in the eeste of egypcians in the south and of Shites in the north that is in grece begin as it were atones Augustinus libro octodecimo capitulo primo Netheles the kingdoms of assiriens of medes that is of perses of grece of Romans followed everich after other And were pryncipally among other/ Netheles the first and the last were more noble and dured lenger· Other kingdoms and kings longed to these kingdoms Also bearing and deeds of men of Athenes be greater in loos & fame than they be in deed/ so saith Salustius & varro also And that is for that writers and philosophres of Athenes were solemn of wit and praised the deeds hugely and over measure/ ¶ R And for the tretice is. full and general of the four chief foresaid kingdoms from the beginning of the kingdom of Assiryes to the end of the kingdom of Romans axeth long writing and processe· therefore of the first kingdoms as it were of the same age with the kingdom of Assiries first we shall write   

¶ Regnum Shitarum ¶ Capitulum octawm/  
THe kingdom of Shytes in the North by cause of age and of time axeth the second place in ordre/ And is set after the kingdom of Assiries And began in Saruges time under thanaus the first king that was there/ Sarug was Abraham's father grauntsyre ¶ It seemeth that the river Thanays hath the name of this king thanaus the which river in the north side of the world departeth between Asia and Europa· ¶ This kingdom was never overcome but thrice it conquered asia and overcome Darius' king of Perses and slow Cyrus the king and did away Zephiron that was the greet Alysanders' leder ¶ Petrus capitulo 60 ¶ Also another kingdom was in the west & was the kingdom of Scitions that is of archadia a party of grease in europa and dured under Agilaus first/ ix·C year three score and enleven· Agilaus is a lord as it were a king other an Emperor Afterwards this kingdom endured under one and thrytty kings from the xxiv year of Nachor abrahams grantsir unto Zensippus time that reigned the year of hely the priest seventeen Therefore one kingdom in Arcadia heat sometime Agealea ¶ Netheles it. hete afterward palaponensis there was one of the kingdoms of grece ¶ R Netheles Denys saith that the kingdom of Scitions began the year of there fifty that was twenty year ere abraham was born There was abrahams father/ In this kingdom the first king was Cicrops and reigned five and fifty year Another kingdom as it were of the same age with these foresaid kingdoms was the kingdom of Egypt in the south and began in nachors time Abraham's grauntsire ¶ Regnum Egipciorum  
¶ This kingdom had fifteen great lordships and cleped 'em dynastias from the first myneus other sons to abrahams' time ¶ Afterwards thebey men of thebes held sexton greet lorshippes and cleped 'em dynastias ¶ Than Diapolitani that were cleped pharaones that were kings of Egypt held echten greet lordships and cleped 'em dinastias dinastia is greet lordship and power during in a province that chose king other emperor And so this kingdom of Egypt dured unto the time of cambis that was Cirus son Cirus was king of pierce and yaf while he lived the kingdom of Assiria that was tho turned to the medes to his son cambis and cleped him Nabugodonosor also and his prince Olofernes and subdued egypt And Egypt was under seven kings of pierce and after went from the Perses and had ten kings of her own for to Othus that heet. Artharexerses/ Also the twellue kings of Perses put out Nactanabo the last king of Egypt unto Ethyopia and won the kingdom of egypt ¶ Afterwards that kingdom dured under three kings unto the seventh year of the greet Alexander after that the kingdoms of Egypte and of pierce were under the greeks three honderd year under thretten kings that were cleped lagydes and tholomeus unto julius cezar time other as some men mean under the fyften year of augustus Cesar that overcome Clopatram Denys daughter/ Denys was ptholomeus & the last laged ¶ Egypt from that time fell to the romaynes·s and so all the kings of Egypt from the first beginning unto Alexander were four score & eleven The kings of egypt were first cleped diascenes and than pharaones and ate last lagydes and ptholomees. joseph libro octavo/ ca· The kings of Egypt had in her chrldhode other names/ But when they were made kings they were cleped pharaones/ For a king is cleped pharaoh in the language of Egypt ¶ The kings of allexandrya were cleped ptholomeiss when they were made kings and the kings of Romans were cleped cezares Solomon wedded a kings daughter of Egypt I rede of no king of Egypt after him that was cleped Pharaoh Regnum assiriorum Augustinus li 16 ca· 18· The fourth kingdom but elder of time is the kingdom of assiryes and began in the est under belus nemproth the twenty-five year of Sarug that was abrahams father grauntsire This kingdom had lordship of all asia out take Ind Petrus 60 And it dured a thousand year/ iij. C & twain under seven & thritty kings unto the last Sardanapallus the king that deyed the seven year of Ozias king of juda/ Than arbaces that heet arbactus also the kyngys' stieward and his traytre· for he slough him and turned the kingdom of Assyryes to the medes that is to understand in hope and not in deed R ¶ For after Sardanapallus from the seventh year of· Osias king of juda to manasses king of juda about an honderd year and twelve ¶ The Assyryes had seven mighty kings though they had not the kingdom all hoole of which these be the names/ Arbaces Phille/ Teglafalasar/ Salmanasar: Senacherib/ Assaradon Sargon ¶ Netheles some will mean that after Sardanapallus death from the seventh year of Ozias the king to the year of the transmigration of the jews one & thyrtty the hoole kingdom of the Eeste. stood with the medes two honderd yere· and sixty under eghte kings f●om the first Arbaces unto Astrages that was Darius' uncle and Sirus grantsyre ¶ Cyrus' overtorned this Astrages and turned the kingdom of medes to the hoole kingdom of Perses and left the kingdom of Hirca●s to Astrages ¶ Regnum Babylon ¶ Netheles in Sanacherib king of Assyries' time and in Ezechias time King of juda come up the great kingdom of the Babylon's and cald●is and dured under seven kings whose names were Me●edac that heat Baladac also. Nabugodonosor/ Emlmerodoc. Regusar/ Labofardac Balthasar that heat Nabar also. ¶ Him slough Cyruns y socyed to his uncle Darius ¶ And turned his Kingdom to the Kingdom of pierce and of Medes the year of transmygration of the jews one and thrytty & so passed ij/ C year & lx from the seven year of ezechias king of juda/ in the which year began to faylle the hoole kingdom of Assiryes unto the year of transmygration one & thyrtty though began the hool kingdom of pierce Regnum Persarum ¶ Than the hole kingdom of pierce from the year of transmygration one & thrytty unto thee/ vij· year of the great Al●xander that was from the first cyrus of the last darius arsanius son dured ij/ C: year/ & five & thrytty under threttene king that was cyrus the first· Cam bises the second his father Cirus yave him another name and cleped him Nabugodonosor and gave him nynyve with the kingdom of assiryes while he was/ himself a lyve· under him befell the story of judith the third Ermendes magus/ the iiij darius tapsis sone· the five/ exerses the uj/ arcarexerses that hete longimanus also under him were esdras & neemyas. the/ u excerses·s the viij/ Fogodia: the/ ix/ darius nothus. nothus is a bastard other he that is geten of a worthy father/ & born of an unworthy moder· the x artharexerses that heet assuerus also under him was hester. the/ xj othus: the/ xij/ arsanius/ the/ xiij darius Arsanius son/ the greet alysander overcome him & turned the kingdom of perses to the hole kingdom of macedons at grece ¶ Regnum macedoin Netheles this kingdom of macedones begun rather under the first cranans the fourteth year of Ozias king of juda/ & so dured uj C year. & xxxuj unto the last perseus the Romans slough him the ix year of onyas the bishop that heet menelaus also: nethles there were other kingdoms in grece everich/ after other ordained Of the which the first was in archadia at Scicions· that people And was y torned thence to the peloponenses as it is said bifore: ¶ Another kingdom of grece was among the Argives And was y torned thence to mecens ¶ Another was at Athenes that Cyte ¶ Another among the Lacedaemon's/ these were the spartans Another at Epyrus that is Tracia/ Another at Macedonia/ ¶ Regnum Romanum ¶ The king of Rome swolewed up all these kingdoms as it did other kingdoms of lands and made 'em all long and be obeissaunt to the kingdom of Rome/ In this manner the kingdom of rome began under janus the first king of ytalye and dured unto the seven year of darius arsanius son king of perse● him slough the great alexander & so the kingdom of Rome dured at that course viij·C. year & four score under/ xxvij/ kings of the which xxvij kings six the first. were latyns. The fourteen that came afterward were albanes. the other seven that came after that the cyte was build wer● Romans of the which romulus was the first & tarquinus the proud was the last Afterwards kings were put out of the cyte and were from year to year twey consul's chosin/ After consul's trybunes plebes & doctors ruled the comō●e unto julius Caesar'S time/ iiij/ C/ year three score & four. afterward they left of the name of kings & cleped her chief lords cezares emperors and augustes of the which julius cezar was the first of a consul & dytatour made an emperor his successor & nephew was Octavianus augustus & brought all the kingdoms of the world in to one kingdom all hole: Thenne philip thee/ xxviij emperor was the first emperor that was cristened/ Than the great constantine made constantynople the chief cite of th'empire & left rome for to be chief See of the pope to saint petres successours· when th'empire was translated & turned to the greet charles king of France Pipinus the kings son/ than the name of themperour left alone at constantinople Augustinus de cimitate dei libro/ 18   

¶ Capitulum nonum:  
IN sarugges time belus neinprothiss son king of babilon went in to assiria & won it aftward within a short time & when he had regned· lxv year: than he deyed/ & his son nynus reigned aftir him & began to regne the year of there abrahans father even thrytty & was king well nigh of all asia out take Ind/ liij. year. In the year of his kingdom. xliij· abraham was born before the building of the cyte of rome nigh a thousand year & thre· C/: Orous li. 1 The year before the building of the cyte of rome a thousand and three hundred nynus king of assiriens for covetise to make his lordship great bore out armure and lived and cruel life fifty year in all asia in war and in battle/ & aroos out of the south and from the reed see & destroyed in the north upon the see that heat eusinun that stretcheth fro the river thanay to the ends of hiberia and armenia/ ¶ And so this king Nynus overcome men of Scicia barbaryca that were yet no werrours but still men and pesible & made 'em know strength & taught 'em to live by mannee b●ode that lived before hand with milk of beestes/ And atte last he slough Zoroaster king of battryans that was synder of wytche craft but atte last deyde while he besegied a cyte that was turned from him he was hit with an arrow and so he was slain petrus 36/ ¶ Nynus belus's son when his father was deed had assiria and the Cyte Nynyve and named it after his name And made that Cyte Nynive chief of his kingdom and enlarged the cyte greatly by three iourneyes·s For nemproth had biforehand founded that cyte and slow also I'm that heat zoroaster also king of battria that written the seven sciences in fourten pilers in seven of brass and seven of brand tile for to save 'em both against fire and water/ but Nynus brent his books Ysidorus libro 8 Aristotle of Zoroaster he written that he made twenty honderd thousand verses of wytccherafte and democritus made that c●aft more afterward in ypocras time Petrus 36 Of this nynus mawmetrye began in this manner ¶ When belus was deed his son nynus for to have some comfort of his sorrow made an image of his father and he died that image so great worship and reverence that he spared all evil doers that fled to that image by ensample of this doing many men made images to her lyef friends. And so by ensample of belus mawmett come forth other mawmettis also of belus name come forth the comune names of mawmettes in diverse languages and tongues For some men call her mawmett beel. somme Baal and some baalym. and some gafe her mawmete a surname and cleped her name Belphegor and some belesebub ¶ Alexander in mytilog ¶ Idolatria mametrye ¶ Of the bringing forth of mametrye come weal nigh the feigning of Poetrye For when Syrophanes of Egypte had an image of his son that was deed That image he cleped ydolum that is likeness and shape for likeness of sorrow when he had made that image in mind of his son that image was greatly worshipped of his servants/ It was refute and succour to mysdoers as he had y ordeygned  
¶ And while he sought help and remedy of sorrow/ he found seed and springing of well more sorrow/ for the old error in worship of mawmettes 'gan to spread ¶ Netheles the same manner doing was. not ordained and comfermed of all men· Fo● Philosophers worshipped oo god and gave him many names for many manner doings and worchynges/ that he worcheth and liveth for he yeveth life/ felith for he yeveth feeling jupiter that is helper For he helpeth/ ¶ Also Plato in the book called Philosophus saith: that Poetes by cause of winning and of favour painted reason's science and might that were granted to the use of living in many manner shappes: and yaf to everich a proper name And so cunning of tilling of fields he cleped cereres: Cunning of tylling of wines he called bachus: and accounted foul deeds of men among goddess ¶ Ysidorus i'th' libro octavo They that paynims cleped gods they were men: And as they bore 'em in her life better or were: so they were worshipped after her death/ But by false loore of fendes men that come afterward worshipped 'em for goddes·s that were first worshipped only for mind/ And than for to make it more solemn come feynynges of poetes ¶ R Augustinus de civitate dei libro secundo capitulo undecimo The poet with his lip speaketh of three manner of gods: ¶ For some they clepe gods as mars and jupiter/ Somme half gods as hercules and Romulus: And some virtuous men that men trowed that had somewhat of godhead as hector and achilles Of mametrye come many manner of evil doing ¶ such is that/ that Ierom speaketh upon ysaye/ 18: And saith that the egypcians and well nigh all men of the eeste lands worshipped fortune· that is god of haps/ as they mean the image of fortune is set in a place that is well known/ and hath in his right hand an horn full of meed all that sitteth about foundeth to taste of that horn the last day of November/ And if they find than the horn full it bodeth a good corn year. And if they fyndr it void or empty/ than they make sorrow ¶ Crogus libro primo ¶ When nynus was deed his wyf Semyramys with her son nynus that heet nynyan also reigned in this maner· ¶ The woman dared not betake the kingdom to the young child nowther she dared herself regne openly. Therefore she disguised herself in the child's lyche the mother for the son a woman in stead of the childe· For either had a small voice and mean of stature ¶ Therefore they hid her arms and her thighs with diverse helynges and her heed with a cap· And for me should not say that she had any thing with new manner clothynge· she height that her people should go clothed in the same array. and yet the people use the same manner clothing Than this woman did many great deeds and when she had over come the enemy of all enemyes·s than she knowleched what she was & how she had done than that doing turned her to right greet worship for she overcome ethiopia blue men land & Ind also And atte last she desired her own son and bade him for to lig by her/ And he slow her. when he had reigned two and fou●●● year But her son nynus held him appayed with the travail of his father and moder·s and was afterward seld y seye among men and lived and wax old among women ¶ And his successors kings that come aftir him followed the ensample of him and yaf answer to the people by messagiers that should go between R ¶ That manner doing was used unto king Sardanapalis time   

¶ Genesis ¶ Capitulum 10  
There when he was three score year old and ten than he gate Aram nachor & abraham/ & abraham was born the year of nynus king of assiria three and forty/ two honderd year four score and twelve after no's flood so saith josephus ¶ R The nombre· and the some of this second age look before in this book ¶ Ben Than Aram gate lo●h Sarray and melcham/ Aram deyed bifore his father there in ur caldeorum a place in cald●a· ● so nynus deyed the year of abrahams' age eleven ¶ Petrus 60 Semiramys nynus wyf for she would regne after her husband/ Ninus she wedded her own son that she had by her husband nynus. And had by her son a child that echyd and enlarged babilonia and made it more Gen ¶ Than there might not suffer the wrong that him was y doo of worshipping of fire in caldea/ there they had slain his oldest son Aram ¶ He went out of that country with abraham and nachor· and arams main unto charram in mesopotania and deyed there after two honderd year and five ¶ Abraham when his father there was deed he went down out of charra in to Sychem & thence in to pentapolis ¶ Afterwards he pight his pavyllon between bethel and hay And hunger was strong he went down in to Egypt and told there that Sarray was his sister ¶ josephus libro primo· capitulo septimo Abraham learned in caldea and went down in to Egypte and was the first that taught the Egypcians Arsmetrike/ and astrologye that was unknown to hem before ¶ Abraham was full rich and went out of egypt to the place of the foresaid pavylon and for strife of herodes he departed from Loth and went fro him unto the vale of mambre besides Ebrom  
¶ Petrus .42 Ebron that hete Chebron also is a cyte and hete also caryatharbe of caryath that is a Cyte in arabe: that is four for four the greatest patriarchs were buried there Adam abraham Isac and jacob ¶ R But joseph is buried in Sychem besides mount Effraym as it is said above & in the book of josue in the last chapter ¶ Genesis When abraham come again from the battle of four kings/ he ●afe tything of all that he had gotten to melchisedech king of Salem And melchysedech offered breed and wine ¶ Decime Melchisedech ¶ jeronimus in epistola ad ewangelium. et petrus 43 ¶ Me readeth that Abraham yaf first tethynges but abel yaf rather the first that god/ sent him of all manner kind The hebrews tell that this melchisedech was sem no's son and telleth that he lived unto Isac/ They tell also that from Noah unto Aaron all the elder sons were preestes·s and blessed the people in offerings and festes and received & had the first birth of beestes And me seith that such were the first births that Esau sold to his brother jacob Also some men menyth that annus jubilens that is the year of grace took the beginning of the victory for the deliverance of prisoners/ jobel is forgiveness other the beginning thereof come jobileꝰ other jubileꝰ the year of grace & is ordained thee/ L yere· For ●oth was though fifty year old For abraham that was cunning in the craft of knowleche of the planets and stars knew that the temprure that cometh of highness and lowness of planets and stars cometh ayene to temprure atte fifty year. And so Abraham: ordained some likeness here in earth that he saw in the stars and planets ¶ Petrus 53 ¶ Abraham had a son Ishmael born of his servant Agar the which Ishmael was circumcided when he was threttene year old ¶ The Arabes usen yet that manner of doing Ishmael was her ductour/ ¶ Genesis This Ishmael was afterward an Archer and gate ●n his wyf that was of egypt twelve dukes leders of people that cleped 'em self Saracens As thaugh they were y come of Sarra: but they be verily agarenes for they come of agar Ismaels' moder· Also they be called Ismaelytes for they come of Ishmael and be madianytes also R ¶ Our lord yaf Abraham & his children the circumcision f●r to make and depart his people from other nations Petrus/ 47 ¶ For abrahams' name was changed when he was circumcided. therefore hebrews yeven her children names the ·viij/ day when they be circumcided: In the old testament me readeth that men were warned of four men's names before the birth of ysmael Isaac/ sampson and josias In the new testament only of johan babtyste and criste R ¶ And when that was y doo it bodeth and bitokened great grace and merit & virtue. So me readeth in Remygyus life Genesis/ This year sodoma was destroyed and loath delivered and went in to Segor a lytil cyte there heside an hill/ And was win drunk and in his sleep he gate Moab on his oldest daughter and Amon on his other daughter Of moab come the moabytes/ And of Amon the amonytes ¶ R ¶ Of the place of Sodoma that is called now the deed see look above in the first book in the province of Asia in the chapytre judea that is the jury:   

¶ Isaac Capitulum undecimum  
ISaac was born of his Mother Sarra when she was four score yrre old and ten/ Petrus 539 Isaac was weaned wha● he was three year old and though was made a great feeste ¶ For though he went first to his father board ¶ Ceres began to regne in Creta/ of him that ylond creta hath that name c●eta ¶ Some men say that Ceres was one of the governors that norysshed and hid jupiter Sarra died when she was six score year old and seven and was buried in ebron And son thereafter elezeer abrahams servant was sent f●r 〈◊〉 fet a wy● for Isaac and brought rebecka. Also Abraham wedded ce●hura and big●te on her six children and departed hem all from his son I●aac ¶ Petrus 59 Hebrews seyn that Ce●hura is a com●n● name and is to understanding y coupled/ And saith that this ceth●ra was aga● and of le●man was made a wi● after/ the death of Sarra jest pe●auenter the old man should have be held and reputed for a lechour if he had wedded any other than he had leye by before ¶ I●aac was forty year old when he wedded Rebecca that bore no child/ xx year after ¶ Augustinus libro octodecimo. Atte last/ 54 Tryconydes was seyn a woman that ●eete trycona the grease call her Minerva and heat pallas Also of pallas the Ilond of Tracia there was she nourished other of pallas the geant that he slough R Here take ●ede that this geant pallas was another g●ant than the geant pallas that turnus evanders slough in ●n●as time Augustinus ubi supra This maid pallas that he●te Minerva found up many crafts and specially wool craft/ and was lightyer trowed a goddess: For me witted weal lytil whence she cam· Isaac had twey twins born of rebecca Esau and jacob ¶ Augustinus ubi supra/ The kingdom of Argives began in Grecia under Inachus Isis father Isis heat Io also & Inachus reigned fifty year And that kingdom dured five honderd year and four and forty under xiv kings unto the last acrisius him slow persius. though it were not by his will the twelfth year of delbora jug of Israel· And therefore persius dread full sore and left the Argus and turned the kingdom to the mycenes Abraham an honderd year old three score and fifteen deyed and was buried in Ebron Petrus 66 The language of Hebrew and the usage of old latyn is for to account the lass number before to the more countray to the manner that latyn useth now For now we seyn in latyn Abraham lived an honderd year iij score and fyftene· But the hebrews seyn in this manner: Abraham lived fifteen three score and an honderd year ¶ Augustinus de civitate dei libro octodecimo Feroneus Inachus son was the second king of the Argives and reigned sixty year/ This Feroneus Argolycus yafe first laws in grease and ordained that causes should he pleted to fore jugges ¶ Therefore he cleped the place of domes forum after his own name/ his broders name was Fogons and the fogons could moche Astrologye/ and ordained temples to worship falls gods: therefore he was reputed and taken for a God among them that worshipped such false gods His sister was called ysis/ and Io also. she saylled into Egypt and taught men there lettres and tilling of fields: Therefore after her death she was honoured as a goddess among them Isidorus libro tercio ¶ Isis' ordained first tromps. therefore the amasones cleped her often to battle ward with tromps ¶ R ¶ That me readeth that jupiter ravished Io and on it begat epaphus It is but a fable and feigning of Poetes/ For noble fame of either person ¶ For Poetes feign many noble persons geten of jupiter For the kin should be hold for the more gentle and noble ¶ But Io was in the time of Isaac and jupiter was after in the time/ of josue: Thessallus grecus son reigned in thessalia. jacob after that he had bought the first births and slily geten his father's blessing by his mothers counsel he went down in to mesopotania Petrus 64 ¶ The first births were special profits and worship that the oldest son had in her kindred unto Aaron: For they were clothed in special clothing in offering of sacrifice and had her father blessing and double portion in feestes and in dealing of heritage and they should bless her lass jacob begat his first son ruben on his wyf lya ¶ This year was a lytil flood in achaia that heet attica· that land was under ogiges the king that renewed the cyte Atthen and belde Elensis ¶ This year jacob four score year old and eleven begat joseph on rathel/ Petrus 74: When the fourten year were do in the which jacob served for his wives. Laban made covenant with him that all the spekeld lambs and kyddes that should be ewed during his covenant should be jacob's mede· and all that were of oo colour white/ or blac should be labans own therefore jacob took gren● yerdes of poplers of almond trees and of Platans' and pilled of the rind in some place of the yerdes/ and in some place pilled 'em not· And so he made the yerdes' spekeld and made 'em in the wattring place before the sheep's eyen when they should conceive for theyshold conceive lambs like to the shadows that they saw of Rams in the myrroure of the water in the conceiving/ And for they should not all be specled lest the gyle were known/ therefore in the first conceiving time he laid so yields but not in the later conceiving time And so jacob found a newr manner turning of kind with kindly craft to fight against kind R Look more of this matier above libro eius capitulo primo ¶ When jacob was come ayene with his wives & children oer he came to his father twellue year before the death of Isaac joseph sexton year old was sold in to egypte to one that he●te putephar that was ennuchus and master of pharaohs knights ¶ Trevisa Ennuchus is he that is gelded and such were sometime made wardens of ladies in egypt ¶ Augustinus super Genesim ¶ This putephar was not so ennuchus as they that were gelded in her childhood for he had wyf and children and joseph had wedded his daughter/ but this putephar saw that joseph was fair and bought him for to mysuse him. therefore god made this putephar so cold· that he might never after have to do fleshly with his own wyf no more than thaugh he were ennuchus y gelded/ & therefore as he that was most worshipful he was made bishop of god heliopoles. Apis the third king of argives was Feroneus son and reigned two and twenty year Isaac an honderd year old and four score died and was buried in the double grave in ebron ¶ That year pharaoh saw the sweven of the seven corn ears and of the seven kine   

¶ jacob· ¶ Capitulum duodecimum  
THis year that was the second year of Fanus jacob an honderd year old and thrytty went with his children doum in to Egypte ¶ Augustinus libro octodecimo This year apis the king argolicus sailled in to Egypte & died & was y cleped Serapis Varro tellith why he was cleped serapis and says that the chiste that he was put in was cleped Seron in grew/ And therefore apis was named Seronapis and afterward by withdrawing of lettres as me useth he was called Serapis That white spekeld ox that men of Egypte for it was worshped a live it was cleped apis/ And when that ox was deed they ordained 'em another ox that was also white specled & tenderly nourished and worshipped ¶ Hugo capitulo Apes That bull hete Apis that was wont to come out of the river Nilus and warn by his pleing and startling what was to coming ¶ Petrus Somme tell that every year in Serapis feste/ come up a bull out of the river Nilus and had a white mark in the right shulder shapen as a new moon/ And when the Egipciens came to him with all manner music and mirth that bull was lift up in to the eyer as it were with jolyte & with the moving and stynting of that boole the Egipcians moved & stynt upon the earth/ but that bowl vanished out of their sight that same day Therefore the Egypcians worshipped that bull for than man Apis and a cow in stead of Isis that woman & a bowl also for jupiter Therefore it was a great abomination among the egypcians to slay neet or eat their flesh ¶ Argus the fourth king of Argives began to regne and reigned six and forty year In this time grease had seed brought out of other lands and 'gan to ere and sow and have corn tilled the rinne jacob an honderd year old and seven and forty blessed his children & yaf to every of them his blessing & died & was enoynted and kept thrytty days and atte last born in to ebron and buried there in the double grave ¶ Petrus. It was the manner of misbelieved men for to keep a deed body nine days without oynement and make sorrow for 'em nine days and wash the bodies nine days for to wit whether the soul were apassed or no ¶ Afterwards they kept the bodies forty days enoynted But it was the manner of jews for to keep deed/ bodies seven days without oynement/ and afterward thrytty days enoynted Augustinus libro octodecimo ¶ Me saith that Promotheus· Rapetus son and athlas the Astronomer his brother made men so saith ovidius in magno/ ¶ Netheles that is saide/ for of men that were uncunning & boisterous as beestes they made cunning men and wise Ysidorus tercio decimo Also for me readeth that they made images of men go and walk on the ground by a certain craft ¶ Also these fond first a ring of iron and closed therinne a precious stone and cleped it a nail. for as the nail is closed in the flesh so is such a stone closed in the/ metal Hugo capitulo Annulus Annulus is a ring seid of anus an ers. ¶ For sometime thieves and mansleers when they were taken should bear an ape on her neck and hold her mouth atte apes ers. but this foul usage ceesed and thieves manslers when they were taken should bear rings of iron in her fingers And therefore gentlemen for to have dyversite and distinction from such brybours made hem rings of gold or of silver ¶ Ysidorus libro 19 in fine/ Gentlemen used her rings of silver and of gold on the fourth finger that is cleped the leche by cause of more heyghting and fairness/ for in that finger is a vain that stretcheth to the heart But Romans had rings of the comune tresory gentlemen had rings and other had solidi that were hool and sound ¶ Free men of blood used rings of gold Fre men that came of bond men used rings of silver/ but bond men used rings of iron ¶ Sometime it was a greet diffamation for a man to use moo rings than one· ¶ Augustinus de ci. This promotheus had a brother that heat Atlas and was an Astronomer. therefore men feigned that he bore heaven ¶ Also a greet hill in Affryca heat Athlas/ by this man Atlas name. and the lewd people ween that that hill bear up heaven Petrus  
¶ Me saith that Trycolomus went that time in his ship that was painted with a dragon in to Grece and made there more craft of tylling of fields/ Also that time Ceres that woman that the grease call demetra without Instruments that she fond up of eering craft She found also up mesures of wheat for before they deled wheat/ by huples small or great R After that time grease began to have tylth of corn so saith ysidorus libro 5/ ¶ joseph an honderd year old and ten deyed in egypt and was enoynted with sweet oynementis and kept unto the going of the children of ysrael out of Egypte an honderd year and four and forty in the which time the hebreus served the egipcians ¶ Also as joseph's brethren died everich after other they were buried in ebron ¶ Netheles afterward her bones were born in to Sychem with joseph's bones that place heat now neapolis the cyte of Samarytanes And so from that time that jacob come in to egypte unto that time that the hebrews the children of Israel went out of Egypt were two honterd year and fyften   

¶ Moses' ¶ Capitulum 13  
AMram was caath son Caath was levy son. this Amram sixty year old begat moyses on his wyf jocabeth/ Petrus ¶ Pharaoh under whom joseph was heat nephres by his own proper name/ the eight pharaoh after him heat amonophis/ in his time moyses was born ¶ johannes libro secundo ¶ This Pharaoh hated the children of Israel/ for virtue of wit for cunning of travail for plente of richesse and for fairness of children/ Therefore he bethought him felliche and gylefully to bear a down the children of Israel and hold 'em low/ lest they would multyplye to fast and arise against him ¶ Also he put upon them charges of many manner works for to make brent tile for to dig ●●ches about the running streams of the river of Salus and for to bear fen and cley/ Andrea yaf 'em naught to meet but small chaff ¶ For he would so overcome 'em with travail and with hunger that they should have no will f●r to lig by their wives and so it should follow that children should faylle ¶ Also one that was a writer of holy lettres/ and w●st what was to come· warned pharaoh king of egypte that one should be born of the hebrews that should bear down the pryncipate of Egypte and areyse the kind of Israel and make 'em full grete· ¶ Therefore it was commanded that the men children of Israel should be slain when they were born/ Petrus/ But yet for this the people multiplied fast & pharaoh commanded the midwyves' of Egypt that they should sl●e all the men children of hebrews and keep the maid children ¶ For he held women kind well febel to be rebel/ And netheles we'll liking of lechery to the egipcians and when Pharaoh might not so have his will he commanded to throw the men children in to a river anon as they were born Me troweth that for that sin the Egypcians fell in to that error for to worship an ox that they cleped▪ Apis in stead of god/ Genesis Therefore moyses was hid three months when he was born but atte last he was done in a scaf of ashes shapen as a little boot glued weal about and thrown in to the river/ Than thermuth pharoos daughter fond him and took him up of the water and made him as it were her own son and cleped him moyses ¶ josephus libro secundo/ Moses' is a name made of twey names of grew of moy that is water/ and esis that is saved/ and so moyses is said as he that is saved by water/ Also this child moyses hated all the wymens' breasts of the Egypcians and would suke no woman's breast of the egypcians but he was slily brought to his own mother and she fed him And when he was three year old god almighty made him so fair of shap and of stature· that when he was born by stretes·s all that were about him left of her work and occupations for to look and bihold on that child were they never so stern ne angry Than on a day thermuth Pharaoh's daughter brought the child to Pharao· for he should see the child and make him as it were his own son ¶ Than the king had wonder of the fairness of the child and took his own crown in the which the image of jupiter was graven· and set it on the child's heed. but the child anon threw down the crown/ and trade thereon spytously with his feet. and there stood one that was god Eleopoles priest and cried and said/ this is that child that our god bade us slay/ that we dread no more and would anon have slain the child/ But there was a wiseman and said/ that the child had so do by uncunning of childhood and so ●e saved the child ¶ Petrus libro secundo ¶ In evidence of this excusation of the child were brenning coals brought before the child moyses/ & anon he put 'em in his mouth & scalded the point of his tongue. the Hebrews trowed that by cause thereof he had afterward a let in his tong· This child Moses was so fair that men that bihelde him took so great heed to the fairness of him that they put of all anger & teen & took heed to the fairness of the child ¶ Me saith that about this time hercules overcome Antheus in wrestling josephus libro secundo The ethyopes blue men warred upon egypte & the dyvynours had answer that they should take a beder of hebrews & uneath they gate moyses and made him her leder and capitayne/ Moses' was cunning in deeds of battle and forsook the way by the water Nilus and lad his host by a wilderness that was full of serpents/ Netheles he put ciconias by night against the serpent's/ Cicome be birds of the land of Egypt that haten and destroyen serpents and be mild, enough to mankind ¶ And so came unware upon the Ethyopes and closed them in a Ryal cite Saba afterward Cambyses the king cleped that Cyte meroen after his sister name ¶ That cyte is full strong by cause of walls of dyches and waters that run about that Cyte/ And is set between the Ethyopes and the Egypcians upon the river Nylus· ¶ Tharbys' the kings daughter of Ethyopes saw the fairness of moyses and delivered him the cyte upon a covenant that he should wed her to wyf Petrus libro secundo ¶ This is that woman of Ethyopia for the which marye and aaron stroof with moses in desert/ when moyses would torn again in to Egypt his wyf would not assent/ ¶ Therefore moyses as a man that was cunning in the Cours and working of the stars and planets made twey rings/ one of mind and another of foryetyngnesse/ And kept the Ring of mind with himself. and took his wife the Ring of oblyvyon/ And so he turned home again Genesis/ That time when Moses visited his brethren in the land of jessen/ he slough a man of the Egypcians and hid him in the sand for he had smitten a man of the Hebrews  
¶ On the morn a man of the Hebrews put that against moyses beard and Moses' dread sore. and avoided for dread in to the land of Madyan/ And wedded Zephora a priests daughter of that land and gate on her Gersan and Elieser/  
¶ Petrus libro secundo· ¶ This Priest was Prymat● in the land of Madian about the reed See/ his proper name was Raguel And had twey surnames jethero and Cyneus and had seven daughters that were herds and kept beestes/ for thoffice of keeping of beestes was that time ordained for women & specially in the land of Trogodytes The kingdom of Athenes began under cicropis fables tell that on his wyf latona's. apolyn lord of wit & of wisdom was geten by jupiter. deucalyon began. to regne in thessalia in his. xij· year was the third particular flood & the brenning under pheton ¶ Augus li/ 18. This flood destroyed a great party of grees·s there many men fled in to ships to deucalyon king of thessalia and were saved ¶ Deucalyon occupied that time the mount pernasus/ for this hap Poetes feigned that deucalyon and his wyf Pirra threw down stones and arered men ● Ysidorus libro terciodecimo capitulo 61 ¶ When Rivers waxed over measure they do not only harm in the arising but they bode and bitoken harm that shall come afterward/ ¶ Orous libro secundo ¶ Also the son that time brent not only Ethyopia blew men's land but it brent also the land of Scicia so grievously that men might not endure. and because hereof mysbyleved men feigned the fable of Feton.   

¶ Moses/ Aaron ¶ Capitulum 14  
Moyses' four score year old with his brother Aaron four score year old and three spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt for he should deliver god almyghtyes people and let hem do sacrifice to god/ But pharaoh was fast and hard in his malice. and would not suffer the people go/ Wherefore Egypt was smitten with ten great wreeches and punysshmentes Augustinus libro octodecimo/ ¶ That time that god took wreeche in egypte some of the Egypcians dread jest Egypt should have finally be destroyed & went in to other lands/ and so one Cycrops saylled in to Grece and build the cyte Atthen that was called afterward athenes' ¶ R Look more of Atthen in the first book/ capitulo grecia scilicet Alladia Netheles Coryntheus that first was named Epyra was build five year before Atthen ¶ Petrus libro secundo/ There were many wreeches in egypt without the ten great wreeches. therefore some days in the kalendre/ be called days of Egypt by cause that in thoo days fell wreeches in egypte Of the which days we set in the kalendr● but in every month twain in mind of the wreeches that god took in egypte· Nevertheless there were many moo wreeches taken in egypt· It is not to be deemed ne trowed thaugh the egipcians were cunning in knouleche of the stars & planets that they found that these days were peryollus & forbade in beginning of works & of ways & in blood letting. than when moyses was lxxx year old he led the folk of Israel out of egypt in the same day of the year that jacob & his children entered in to egypte when Israel went out of egypte the moan was. xu· days old. and was four honderd year and thrytty after that Abraham went out of Carram that was in mesopotania in the land of bibeste when Israel went out of Egypte about uj C M men & bore with 'em joseph's bones And the bones of his eleven brethren that be called patriarchs and buried hem in Sychem so saith jerome Israel took with them m●le and flower/ sprung with oil/ and used that thrytty days A pyler of a cloud went before Israel and lad hem by day and a pyler by night/ when Israel went out of Egypte the reed see opened and let hem pass/ and drenched all the egypcians that took the same way in the opening of the See for to pursue/ ¶ josephus The opening of this See shall not be untrowed/ for me readeth that the See Pamphilicum opened before king Allexander Macedo and also before his host when he pursewed darius/ ¶ Petrus libro secundo/ ¶ The water of this see is not reed of kynde· but it is died of reed clives and earth that lieth there aboute· ¶ Therefore also there be founden reed precious stones and there is founden sharp vermylon· This see is departed in twain/ that one part is called the see Persicus and that other the see Arabycus/ ¶ johannes libro tercio ¶ Thrytty days after that Israel went out of egypt they faylled corn and our lord gave him curlews manna and water of the stone in Oreb/ yet that place is watered with rain as god gave water that time by moyses hand ¶ Three months after that Israel went out of Egypt· Moses went up in to the hill/ and fasted forty days and forty nights/ and received the law/ and seven months he made the tabernacle by ensample that was showed him on the hill and so the tabernacle was arrered the first day of Aprille in the second year of her outgoing of Egypte. ¶ From this time to the buyldyyg of the temple in Iherusalem is counted four honderd year and four score ¶ Also this time as some men tell/ Yo that woman went from Argives in to egypte and there she was called Isis and was wedded to Thelegon/ And had a child that was called Epaphus ¶ Petrus libro quarto capitulo decimo sexto ¶ After the second year of the outgoing of Egypte twelve espies were sent to the land of biheste/ and come again for grudching of the people and despeyr and wanhope the children of Israel were forboden to go further/ ¶ Therefore they turned ayene in to wilderness and were there punished forty year and none of them entered in to the land of biheste out take Caleph and josue ¶ The sixth year after the outgoing of Egypt Eriston builded the temple of App●lyn Delphycus. ¶ Also that year Cranaus the second of athenes began to regne and reigned nine year. His daughter was called Athys of her Atthica that land hath the name ¶ R Look before in the first book capitulo. Grecia silicet Eladia That time the Hebrews received lettres and grecia wines ¶ Also lacedaemon Semelis son builded lacedomonia that Cyte and the ferth Erutonius of Sciciones·s Archas king of the Argives gave his name to that land Arcadia and called after his own name· ¶ But that land Arcadia hette rather Cici●ma Egypte he eete rather Aerea· And hath that name Egypte of one Egyptus that reigned therinne/ ¶ Danaus the tenth of Argives reigned fifty year. ¶ Orous libro primo· ¶ Danaus' and Aegisthus were twey brethren ¶ And Danaus by his fifty daughters slow Aegisthus fifty sons in one night out take one that should regne after him ¶ Danaus' doer of many evil deeds went up to the Argives/ and by gyle put ou● scevelus that had oft saved him while he was needy and on●lawe and reigned himself ¶ Me troweth that in that tempest went out that man that was called Liber pater and heat dyonysius Bacchus Also he made up Argives and gave the greeks use of vynes·s Augustinus de civitate dei ¶ Me saith that the great mercurius was in that time/ this Mercurius was Maya Atlas daughter son/ ¶ This mercurius was cunning in many craftes·s And there he was made among 'em as he were a god. but the great hercules was somdele latter than he ¶ R This great hercules had a surname de●aneus so saith marianus libro primo capitulo five honderd forty and five Also this is that Hercules that slough busirus the tyrant so saith Ouyde josephus/ This hercules wedded ethea Affers daughter affer was Madyans' son/ therefore hercules went with affer to win Libia· and that land was than cleped Affryca by Affer the conquerors name· The forty year after the outgoing of egypt Aaron an honderd year old and three and twenty died in Oreb/ Also the same year moyses when he had lived forty year in Egypt forty year in madyan and forty year sauf thrytty days in desert six score year old almost he died in the hill mount abarim against Jericho that town and was buryrd of our lord in the valley of Moab   

¶ Sequitur Capitulum 15.  
IOsue moyses servant ruled the people six and twenty year so saith josephus/ Netheles the scripture reckoned not the years josue the first year of his leeding lad the people in to the land of biheste/ And the river Flum jordan opened and let them pass and josue offered the estre offering and renewed the circumcision that was forborn forty year in wilderness And when they eat of the fruit of that land than manna failled that had dured forty winter ¶ Petrus ¶ Eusebius in his Cronyke saith that that year was jubileus the year of grace and was the one and fifteth year of grace as though there were a passed from the beginning of the world two thousand year five honderd and fifty that is one and fyfty scythes fifty year than for to take of every fifty year one year of grace ● It cometh to one and fifty years of grace/ But by the seventy there were passed many moo years/ And Beda followeth the Hebrews/ and proved that there lacked seven year of two thousand five honderd and fifty The first year of josue Eruthonius the fourth king of Athene was the first that brought charyote in to grece as me saith Netheles before were Charyottes in other lands ¶ Augustinus libro octodecimo ¶ This ordained first pleyes to/ Apolyn and to Minerva ¶ Also that time busirus the tyrant king of Egypte used his tyranny on his ghesties. For he slough men and offered 'em to gods/ Me saith that he was Neptunus' son begeten on Libya Epaphus daughter ¶ josue departed the land of palestynes·s to the jews/ ¶ Also that time Fenyx and Cadmus twey brethren of thebe that is in Egypte went in to Syria/ And reigned at Tyrus and at Sydon twey cities that so were called jupiter king of Creta ravished europa the daughter of Agenor king of Libya Afterwards Astrius king of Creta wedded Europa to wyf ¶ Augustinus libro octodecimo ¶ jupiter on Europa that he ravished he gate Radamantus Sarpedon and mynoys that reigned after him in Creta/ R/ Netheles marianus/ li/ 1· c· 61/ saith that astrius on europa begat these three sons/ Ysid/ li/ 14/ Agenore king of libya begat three sons/ silex/ fenyx cadmus and one daughter that was called Europa/ when jupiter had ravished her he put her in his ship that was y peynted with a bull/ & therefore poetes feign that jupiter was turned in to a bowl/ agenore bad his iij/ sons that they should go seche their sister that was so ravesshid & lad away & forbade 'em to come again but if they brought their sister with hem· And by cause they could not find her· they d●ad the wrath of her father/ Silex abode in a country and cleped it Scilicia after his own name/ And fenyx abode in Fenycia But Cadinus chose his exiling in grecia. there he followed the step of an ox and come to a country and abode there and cleped it Boecia Oxlande/ Afterwards he build there the cyte of thebe ¶ R Look more hereof in the first beok capitulo Grecia ¶ Augustinus libro octodecimo jupiter reigned in the Ilond Creta and his father saturnus was put out and went to Italy ¶ Henricus ¶ This was a wyckedman and a great werryour and conquered gree● ¶ There after his death the greeks that were full of lesynges/ held him god of heven· and named him god of gods/ for his great power and might ¶ The men of Cre●a for he was buried among hem/ would speak of his byryels Therefore the grekes·s cleped 'em liars Allexandre in mith· Veray story saith that Saturnus the father and jupiter the son had twey kingdoms joining together in Creta and for ends and bounds of fields was a battle between 'em and jupiter had the mastery and Saturnus was chased out and went in to Italye and there janus the king received him to a part of the Empire by cause he couth skylle in wines in reeping and in tylling of fields And he was called Saturnus of satu●itas that is plenty for he made great plente in that land ¶ Eutropius ¶ This Saturnus flemed his son jupiter out of Grece to the ends of Tuscia not far from the place of Rome he hid him there in a place and cleped the place Saturnia after his own name/ & after he cleped it lacium that is his hiding place/ there he taught boisterous men to build ere and sow. and set wines/ For before they lived by Acorns and dwelled under bows and twygges woven together ¶ Also this ordained pans of brass/ therefore the uplondysshe men hyeld him a god ¶ R ¶ And though poetes mean that jupiter gelded Saturnus for he should not gete children to supplant him/ Netheles the history of Rome saith that Saturnus gate pycus in Italie· ¶ Allexander in mith ¶ Other mighty geantes founded to put out this jupyter/ this jupiter was full cruel and destroubled the peace after that his father was put out and over come the geantes with gins of were/ me feigned that be lightened out geantes ¶ Petrus/ ¶ josue ere he died hyeld water on the earth before the people in token of the covenant that was made between god & the people that was that the people had choose the sothfaste god ¶ Petrus: ¶ Mysbyleved men used to held out and shed. the blood of a sow in token of covenant made Hugo capitulo Fedus ¶ Fedus that is a covenant is said of Feda a sow that is slain as it were to mean that is blood that breaketh the covenant should in that manner be shadde/ Petrus/ But the hebrews held out water in token that as the water is all shadde and naught y lefte/ so he that breaketh the covenant should be deed and all his kyn·s Also men in old time used to arere and enhance signs and tokens that might long dure in mind of covenant of 'em that come after ward/ And so some men arered and enhanced stones and huples of stones in mind of covenants   

¶ Othonyel ¶ Capitulum 16  
AFter josua's death Israel served chusan king of Mesopotania eight year/ Netheles this eight year be accounted with Othonyels time Calephs' brother/ by the hebrews/ ¶ But the years of rest and of thraldom were accounted together under jugges of Israel/ the sothnesse of the acomptes would not stand in the history ¶ Augustinus libro octodecimo ¶ About this time that woman Lathona bore Appolyn in to the Ilond Del●s· R/ But not that other appolyn delphicus that had long before be/ but that Appolyn that served the king admetus with the latter hercules. ¶ Me saith that this Latona was the same woman that he●●r Isis ¶ Than othonyel was leder of Israel forty year for to r●ken the foresaid eight year of thraldom Neptunus reigned and was the fifth king of Athene Cadynus reigned in th● cyte thebes of his daughter semela was born Denys bachus that was called also Liber pater· that is the free fader· In his time was lynus of thebe in Egypt the great chauntoure in his flowers/ ¶ Fenyx build bythynya that heat sometime Mariandyna. Ysidorus libro secundo capitulo quinto ¶ And as Fenyx gave the Fenyces. somme rede lettres R Thereof book more in the first book. capitulo quinto decimo Fenicia/ Ysidorus libro secundo ¶ The lettres of grece that cadinus yaf him speleth words and standeth for numbers ¶ R The lettres of grece from the first to the tenth as· A/ standeth in order of A b c so they stand for number among the greeks/ for the first standeth for one/ and the second for twain and the thyrdde for three/ and so the fourth unto the tenth. But the xj letter standeth for twenty/ the twellyfth for thrytty the xiij for fourty·s & so unto an C for an C/ standeth the/ nineteeen than the twenty letter standeth for the one and twentieth for three honderd/ the ·xxij for four honderd & so forth Petrus Craft & use of iron was founden in egypt. the deeds that me telleth of demetra/ and of dan Per●●us mother befallen that tyme. and the cyte corinthy was builded tha● tyme·   

¶ Aioth ¶ Capitulum ●●  
AIoth was leder of Israel four score year for to acc●m●●● eighteen year/ in the which Israel served Eglon the 〈◊〉 ●yng of Moab· ¶ Also for to rekene one year of Sangar· the duke and leder that slouwgh six honderd men with a plough share. ¶ This Aioth used either hand for his right hand and was Ier●es son Ihera was gemynus son ¶ Petrus ¶ Somme tellen that Gemynus was a vile person of the lyngnage of Benyamyn: ¶ And was oft named in reprove to all his ofpring/ for he was so vile and unworthy. Netheles these hebrews mean that these Gemynus was benyamyn. as though he were so named by changing owther withdrawing of somewhat of the beginning of the name/ For where we set●e Gemynum/ the Hebrews set jamyn that is a Rynge· that longeth to the right side· And may be said Gemynus in latyn/ ¶ Rytholomus came in a long ship to Elensio/ and deled there wheete· And Ortus king of Molos and of Tracia ravished Proserpyna her hound that was called Cerbe●us swolowed up a man that was named Piriton that come with theseus to ravessh Proserpyna/ And the same hound cerberus would have eten theseus also But hercules came the mean time and saved hym·s And therefore he was envyned in to hell ¶ Athens build Achaia ¶ Denys liber pater duke of athene was born of Semela as some men say and took myscerya of Perseus that slow that hoor gorgon that was so fair that she astonied men that bihelde her fairness Also that time Frixus & his sister Else fled the malice & the pursuyte of their stepdame and were drowned in the see that is called Elespontus And for a wethir was painted in the sign of her ship. therefore me feigned that the wether with the golden fleece bore hem forth/ by the air/ Laomadon the eight king of Scitions reigned. L year/ Amphion and Zebus reigned in Thebes the Cyte of Gre●e· & put out Cadinus Tros reigned in Dardania. that is Frisia and warred afterward against Tantalus king of Athene for the ravesshing of Gammedes/ Of this Tros the Trojans have her name and are called Troyans R ¶ Than the fable of jupiter is feigned and so the ravesshing of an e gle is feigned in ydel Perseus Erutheus' brother fought against the Perses. he smote of the heed of Gorgon ¶ Pegasus was a full swift horse of a woman that was called bellerefrontis ship ¶ jon the strong man cleped the men of Athenes jones by his own name Denys that hete liber pater also werred with the Indes and build the Cyte Nisan ¶ This denies ordained first/ women in his host with men ¶ Pelops first king of Poloponens was heed of the Olimpies·s netheles afterward he was against Troy and overcome of dardanus/ In Aiothes time duke of Israel the latter hercules/ another than we spoke of before was in his flowers ¶ Trogus This hercules was strong and tamed the world & over come the Amasones and passed in to Ind and warred there and overcome the trojans and warred in libya and was lord of spain ¶ R This hercules overcome Antheus the geant of Libya So saith Ouyde in magno libro octavo/ And slow Gereon the geant king of Spain and lad his catall and his beasts through ytalye in token of the maystrye/ And he bigate the king Latyn on the daughter of Fanus and he slow a lion/ he slow the serpent ydra in the water lerna/ and he ran a furlong at one breath and he restored the tournamentes and joustes of Mount Olimp/ he overcome the Centaurs and pight his pilers in the see atte Islands gades and he did twelve great deeds. Trevisa The centaurs were men of Thessalia they were the first that chastised horses and led him with bridels and road on horsbakkes ¶ Augustinus libro octodecimo/ And after his greet deeds he fell in a greet sickness/ that was so painful and sore that he might not endure/ Therefore he threw himself in to a fire and brent himself R ¶ Claudyanus libro sexto de raptu proserpine· et virgylius eneydis viij eciam Ovidius meth libro nono ¶ reckon the great deeds that hercules did of the which deeds/ the first was the victory that he had of the Centaurs The second the slaying & the huylding of lions in a wood that height nenia the third the chasing of the fowls that hight Arpyes The fourth the taking of the golden apples out of the Orchard of the seven daughters of Atlas the geant and the slaying of the dragon that kept the place/ the fifth the cheyning and the tyeng of the great hound Cerberus that devoured perytheus in the ravesshing of proserpina ¶ The sixth the bearing down of dyomede king of Tracia that fed his horse with men's flesh The seventh the destroyeng of ydra the serpent in the water lerna The echt the overcoming of Achelous that changed oftyme in to diverse likeness and shappes. The/ ix. the throwing down of Antheus the geant of Libya that took again might & strength as oft as he touched the earth/ The/ x/ the slaying of the cat that cast out fire of his mouth as me said ¶ The xj the slaying of the boor in Arcadia. The ·xij· the bearing and holding up of heaven while Atlas the geant rest him when he was weary  
But in the thyrten deed he did on a corsette of dianier and died ¶ Here take heed that these twelve deeds that be accounted to hercules soundeth the story as it is told so doth the second of the lion and the elleventh of the boor/ owther it perteneth only to covering of thews/ and than the tale is a fable· but the meaning is full of truth and of sothnesse/ So the thyrdde of the Arpyes and the fourth of taking and the ravesshing of the golden apples/ Owther it tokeneth and soundeth the story meddled with a fable/ so doth all his other deeds of these twelve. Also here take heed/ It seemeth that it is not all one hercules that these twelve deeds be ascribed to For saint Augustyne de civitate dei li. octodecimo capitulo quarto decimo saith that it was another hercules that these deeds be aretted unto·s & another hercules that overcome antheus the geant in wrestling/ And also Boecius in fine quarti libri de consolacione telleth that same of Antheus among the twelve deeds of hercules/ Also saint Augustyne ubi supra eciam capitulo 19/ saith that there were many hercules And also sampson for his wonder strength/ was accounted hercules. And Frigius dares in his book of the battle of Troy saith that jason that won the golden flees at Colchos had a surname and was called Hercules ¶ Therefore ovidius meth terciodecimo saith Menia under fur● and the Trojans under hercules/ And Ovidius octavo meth arretteth the slaying of the boor of Arcadia to meleandrus· And also septimo meth he ascribeth the chasing of the Arpyes to Boreas sons that heighten Zoas and Calaius· therefore many wise men tellen that hercules is the surname of noble men and stalworth that passeth other men greetely in boldness and in strength. and so it seemeth all by kindly meaning of that name for hercules is said of heros/ that is a man and of cleos that is bliss as though hercules were to meaning a blysful man and glorious   

¶ Eusebius in Cronyca ¶ Aioth ¶ Capitulum/ 18  
IN Aioths' time namely in grece fables were founden and me saith that Isopus found first fables for hight and enhance kindly sothnesse· for the privity of kind should not be despised/ therefore kind of things and by divers manner of doing he feigned names and working of goddess ¶ Alcyn in mith And so he feigned that after the flood men come of stones and of trees/ but that was feigned for the manner of dwelling of men in the old time/ for some went about as they were beestes Augustinus libro octodecimo capitulo decimo tercio After josues' death unto the battle of Troy fables were feigned in grecia As that ulcanus in great hete and brenning of lechery with Minerva gate Eruconius footed as a dragon that is a fable and a poetes feigning and saw/ But the sooth meaning is that in the Cyte Athene was a temple of ulcanus and of Minerva in that temple was a child found byclypped about with a dragon/ that bitokened that the child shield be grete· and for the child was found in her both temple/ therefore the child was cleped her both son/ ¶ Also Tritholomus that was born of fleeing address in to needy lands atte hest of Cerreres/ & brought them wheat it is a fable· Also of mynotaurus that a beest● closed in laborintus ded●lus house/ And when men went in to that house they were so beguiled that they couth not come out/ Also of centaurs that were meddled of mankind and of horse kind/ Also of Cerberus the hound of hell that had three heeds/ Also of Frix●s and his sister Elle that were born of a wether by the eyre and flown as fowl▪ Also of gorgon the strumpet that she was heered with address and turned in to stones men that bihelde her Also of Bellerefront that he was born of a fleeing horse with fethres and wings/ his horse was called pegasus/ Also of Amphion that he pleased stones and drowe 'em to him with sweetness of his harping/ Also of dedalus the carpenter and his son ycarius that made 'em wings of feathers and flay as fowles·s Also of Antheus him slow hercules·s Antheus was the son of the earth/ therefore when he fell down he roos again with more strength Ysidorus libro undecimo/ ¶ Also gereon the geant king of spayn that was slain of hercules and was described in three lykenesses and shappes/ It is a fable/ for there were three brethren so well according to gedres that it seemed that they had one soul/ one wytt and one will Also the strompettes Gorgon's heered as serpents had one eye and turned in to stones men that bihelde them it is a fable/ But there were three sisters all of one fairness. men that bihelde them they made 'em as still and as stydfaste as stones/ ¶ Also the three syrenes/ that were half maidens half fowls and hadden wings and talentes as hawks. and one of 'em sang that other pyped and t●e third harped/ and drowe to hem ward Shipman that saylled in the see in to ship wreck it is a fable/ But there were three hoores that brought men that used 'em in to meschyef and therefore me saith that they brought 'em in to shipbruche· ¶ Also that me feyneth that Scylla was a woman byclypped about with heeds of hounds and with great berking of hounds that is said/ for the wawes of that see/ Siculus that flasshith and washeth upon that rok that is called Scylla maketh such manner noise men that sailleth thereby be so afeard that they ween that the wawes berk that wasshen on that rokke/ So they fen that the serpent ydra with nine heedes·s and if one heed were smitten of/ than grew up three for one/ ¶ The sooth tale is that ydra was sometime a place that wonderly and perilously cast up water. and if oo water were stopped the water brakeup in many places and ways Hercules saw that and destroyed the swolowe and closed all the ways/ therefore me feyneth that he destroyed ydra the serpent. ¶ ꝑsid libro primo capitulo trisesimo tercio/ Fables be said of fando that is speaking/ not for they be sooth in deed but feigned in speaking Poetes brought in fables for three skylles·s for liking of talking and of fair speaking. such be the fables of plantus and of Terencius/ and fables that be commonly told. Also for health and enhancing of kind so me saith that ulcanus halteth for the fire is never even ulcanus is feigned god of fire ¶ So chimera is feigned a beeste of three manner shappen and kinds & bitokeneth the ages of mankind The first youth of a man is cruel as a lion The second age of manhood is sharp of sight as a good/ owther stynketh by lechery as a good▪ The thyrdde age is ●lde and boweth as a dragon & wastes always and so the fable of ypocentaurus that was feigned meddled of horse kind and of mankind bitokeneth the swift passing of man's life/ Also fables be feigned for dark fair and mystyal speaking of thews. As when me speaketh. and feyneth that things that can no reason speak to hem self that by the tale that is feigned the sooth betokening be remeoved to that that is soothly done in dede· So Orace speaketh of the mouse and of the wessylle/ And ysopus and avenet of the Fox and of the wolf and in libro judicum of the trees of lybanus and so speaketh demostenes of wolves and hounds feigned for the deliverance of the advocates and layers ¶ R And that is that saint Austyn saith in his book de mendacio ¶ Fables he saith though they have no sothnesse in hemself· Netheles they represent and induce to man's mind sothnesse that they bitokene and signefye. ¶ Augustinus libro tercio capitulo tercio ¶ By authority of the Romans it was affirmed that the goddess venus was Aeneas' moder· and that god mars was Romulus father/ But I and so varro belive it not/ the writer of the stories of Rome that saith privily it were prouffitable to Cyteseyns' that strong men and orped trowed that they were bigeten of gods though it were falls/ That in that manner the mennis hearts should be the bolder and have trust in the lineage of gods and adventure them ● to the greater deeds and do myghtly with the moor boldness in trust of gracious end by cause they hold themself of the kind of goddess ¶ Allexander in mith· Macrobius super sompnium/ Scip●onis saith that some fables be feigned by cause of lykyng· such be of menandre and Terencius/ and such long●th not to philosophres And some fables be feigned by cause/ of prouffyt in excitinge & comfort/ in the which fables the matier that me speaketh of owther the order of telling of the thing that is feigned is feynyngly told that is to understand/ do falls is told by another falls/ So it fareth in esopus fabbes & in anians fables also/ and these fables be not pertynent ne long not to philosophres Also sometime a sooth saw is told by a feigned tale and such were the feynynges of Esiodus and of Orpheus when they spoke of diverse deeds of kind of gods and such a tale is no fable but a tale like a fable And if such a tale is told by likeness of fowl thing and harlottry than it lengeth not to philosophres neither to dyvynes/ but such as be told by likeness of fairness & of honest pertaineth to philosophres/ So plato feigned that a knight that was called Ere/ aroos from death to live and told many things of the everlasting life of man's soul ¶ R And Boece feigned that philosophy appeared to him in the likeness of amayde/ In this manner may a divine use ensamples mannerly in his talking and speaking ¶ Pet●us ¶ In Aiothis' time the latter Apollo that was latonas son as the Greeks tell found up the A●te of Phisic and made haps ¶ R/ Netheles ysidorus libro tercio eth Saith that ●●rcurius afterward in gedeon's time put seven strenges to the ha●p that was bifore founden and he put to the strenges and strained hem in this manner/ The river Nilus had be up and biflowed the land/ and was ebbed in to the channel again. Than lay many beasts deed on the fe●des· and among other say a deed snail/ when this snail was rooted the sinews were strained within the skin of the snails house and swooned as the wy●de blew thereon esyly/ thereon and softly. than mercurius took heed thereto/ and made an harp to the likeness thereof and gaf it to Orpheus the harper ¶ Trevisa ¶ I rede among the wondres of Ind that snails be there so greet and so huge that a man may be herbeured in a snayls house ¶ Petrus ¶ Also that time the foresay mercurius fo●nde up an Instrument of musick· and called it Siringa and is made of reed and of pipes/ and heete Siringa by the name of that woman Syrynga that was cadmus wyf· she went away from her husband for love of music and of melody/ It is uncertain which Mercurius this was· whether Mercurius hermes or mercurius Trimegystus the philosopher or the greet Mercurius/  
For josephus speaketh of three of the which every was called Mercurius Ysidorus libro quinto ¶ Also that time in grease was found up an Instrument of music that heat chorus Petrus Strabus saith that that Instrument with twey pipes by one pipe the eyer goth in/ & by that other the sown goth out   

¶ Augustinus de civitate dei libro/ 18. c. 13/ ¶ Delbora ¶ Capitulum/ 19  
DElbora that woman was a Prophetisse of the lineage of Effraym/ This Delbora with barache of the lineage of Neptalim ruled the people of Israel forty year for to reckon xx/ year in the which jabyn king of canaan pursued Israel. In her time the kings of Argives faylede that had reigned five/ C. year & forty/ that was from the first Inachus to the first pelops time king of peloponensis/ and than the kingdom turned to the Mecenes. That time began the kingdom of Laurentines in italy/ After the death of janus and of Saturnus/ that had long reigned there/ there reigned pycus Saturnus son/ Augustinus de civitate dei ubi supra/ About that time died Denyse that heat also liber pater. that warred in ynde. and had in his host men & women meddled together. Netheles atte last perseus slough him His golden buryels is yet seen in thessalia besides Appolyn delphicus in mount pernasus. Myda the rich king reigned that time in frigia· Of him poetes feigned many things. as it is written in mitholog fulgencij et Alexandri. And Ilius Appolyns son build Ilium in Troy   

¶ Gedyon ¶ Capitulum 20  
GEdion that heet Iheroboal was leder of Israel forty year for to reckon/ viij/ year that Israel served madyanytes & Amalechites ¶ josephus saith that the cyte Tirus was build in Gedyons' time about two honderd year and forty before Salamons' temple ¶ Petrus Minos king of Creta jupiter's son occupied the see that tyme. and gafe law to the men of Creta That time the strong man theseus Egeus the kings son of Athene slough mynotaurus in the tournament. therefore men of Athene that were trybutarye before were quyttte and free of all tribute Minotaurus was a great man of stature. and there with all right mighty and strong and full delyure in wrestling and was king of minos Bocher/ Therefore he was cleped as it were mynoys taurus that is a bocher. About that time Theseu● ravished Eleyn and her twey brethere castor and pollux fett her and brought her agayne· And took theseus mother and chased theseus out of contrary Also me saith that dedalus was that time in his flowers This dedalus made birds of metal by craft and spirit closed for to flee about· Me saith also that he made images that moved 'em self/ he was the first that departed feet of images a twynne/ for other men joined 'em to gyders Ysidorus libro nono This dedalus had a nenew called perdix and took him to his loer ¶ This perdyx was subtle and cunning of craft and bythought him in his imagination to have some spedeful manner of clyving of tymbre and took a plate of iron and filed it and made it tothed as the rig boon of a fish and than it was a saw/ Also this child bythought him & made the first compass and wrought therewith Therefore his master dedalus took greet envy to the child and threw him down of an high tower and broke his neck/ therefore Dedalus with his son ycarus at Creta fleygh and come in to Scicilia and there he made first laborintus otherwise called a maze Petru●· ffor dedalus flew away so swiftly after he had slain his nephew me feyneth that he flew with wings as a bird by the air ¶ Ysidorus libro quincodecimo ¶ Laborintus is a manner building wonderly build/ with dangerous walles·s therein minotaurus was closed if any man went thither in without a clue of thread it were full hard to find away out they that open the yates should here dread full thundering Hugo capitulo labour  
Me gooth a down as it were by a honderd grease or steps there be also in derknes wonder many diverse wyndynges and tournyngys'/ and such four be in this world of such houses One in egypte another in Creta the third in the ylande lempno and the fourth in ytalye and be so made that unnethe they may be destroyed while the world dureth ¶ Hugo capitulo Cilleo  
¶ When there fell a pestilence amongs men of Athene for the ●eth of ycarus and of his daughter Erigen and maidens of Athene were compelled as it were to snarls and griefs Than they had answer of Appolyn delphycus that the pestilence might ceese if they sought busily the bodies of ycarus and of his daughter Erigen/ Than they sought busily/ And when they had long sought and might nowher find. for to show the devotion and will/ that they had for to seche for to be seen seche busily in another Element that they might not find in earth men of Athene hinge up roopes in the Eyer and men tottered thereon and moveth hyder and thither. for they would be seen seche the bodies in the eyer above the earth/ & when men fell of the tottres and were hurt sore it was ordained among 'em that images like to the bodies should be set in the tottres & meeve & totter in stead of 'em that were fallen that game is cleped ocillum in latyn and is componed and made of twain of cilleo cilles that is to move and os oris that is a mouth for they that tottered so meaneth against men's mouths   

¶ Abymalech Thola/ ¶ Capitulum 21  
ABymalech gedeons son born of his concubine was leder in sichem after his father three year. And slough his own brethren three score & ten out take one that were born of diverse wives/ That time was the battle of athene between the lapehites & centaurus/ Palefatus libro de Incredibilibus saith that Centaurs were noble horse men of thessalia that fought against Thebees' men of thebe in Egypte· Thola of the lineage of Isachar was jug in Israel three and twenty year/ In his fourth year medea went from her husband egeus' king of Athene in to the island colchos there she was born Trogus 43 ¶ About that time Faunus pycus son reigned. in ytalya in his time euandr● came out of Arcadia and received and took fields/ & the hill mount palatyn/ This Faunus had a wyf called Fatua and had oft a spirit of prophecy/ therefore yet oft they that have a spyryt of prophecy be cleped fatui. Tho hercules. had slain Gereon the geant king of spain and lad his beasts through ytalye in token of the victory he say by this Faunus daughter unlawfully & begat Latinus that reigned afterward in ytalye/ Orous li/ p. About this year vesores king of egypt warred first against scites yet first he sent messengers/ & willed his enemies to be subget to his law/ & the scites answered/ a dull king & most rich moveth battle against poor men & needy namely while it is in doubt what end the battle shall have/ prouffyt cometh thereof none but great open harm & damage & not long after the deed accord with thanswer for they compelled the king of Egypt for to flee & chased & spoylled his host & would have spoiled all Egypt had they not be let by waters of the river nylus/ than in the turning again they warred xv year in asia & made asia tributarij. & her wives sent them word/ that but they would come hoome/ they would have children by men of the contreyes about. The mean time among the scytes twey ryall yonglynges by fraud and by deceit of the greet were were put from home and took with 'em greet multitude of people and strength and werred in the countries of pontus & capadocie & when they hadden do greet destruction·s than they were killed of men of the contrees about/ than her wives exiled and wydewes armed 'em and took wretch of her husbandis death/ and when they had made peace by strength and by dedes·s of arms they took men of other lands to lie by 'em for to have children and slough her own men children and kept her maid children and brent of her right breast. at last twain of these women were queens Mersepia & lampeto and departed her host and kept and mayntened 'em in batel either by her course. Than when they had overcome a great deal of europa and many cities of Asia they sent home the better part of her host with proyes that they had taken/ than enemies slough marsepia the queen and the other women that were left there for to keep Asia/ And her daughter synope reigned after her mother death and gathered a singular joy of virtue by everlasting chastity. Men wondered so greatly of this woman that when hercules had hest of his lord for to war against the queen he gathered all the great strength of the young men of grease and ordained nine long ships and fell upon the women that were unwarned for him was liefer to steel upon 'em than come up on hem with a battle openly/ than when the twey queens that were sisters were suddenly overcome hercules gave menalippa to his sister Anthiopa and wedded her sister ypolyta to his knight theseus and received the armure of the queen in price of redemption/ ¶ at last after Orthia the queen pentasilia the queen was in the battle of troy and did many greet deeds against the grekes·s   

¶ jair ¶ Capitulum 22  
Jair of Galaad of the lineage of manasse was jug of Israel two & twenty year & had thirty sons & made 'em princes upon xxx cities & cleped the cities by his own name anoc jayr that is to say jayres towns ¶ R Some tellith that cartage was byld the third year of jayr. but look in the first book/ co. Africa scilicet munidia. the xuj year of jair mynoys of Egypt amended armure against dedalus in Scicilia and was killed of Cotalus sonnes·s ¶ Ysidorus libro primo. ¶ Carmentis nympha otherwise called Nichostrata king latyns mother fond and brought latyn lettres/ ¶ Ysidorus libro nono The language of latyn was departed in four The first was under janus and Saturnus and was cleped Priske·/ and latyn under king latyn And other kings of tuscan/ In that language were twelve tables of law wreton/ Also Romayn that began after kings were made subget and that language used plantus & Tullius virgylius and caton/ but mixed language increased after that th'empire increased and was huge ¶ After the death of Iare Israel served the philystyns and ammonytes/ xviij year that be accounted to the years of jepte that was duke afterward of. Israel   

Jepte ¶ Capitulum 23  
IEpte of galaad of the lineage of gaad a common woman's son was jug of Israel six year/ king latyn ffamyus son began to regne in ytaly and reigned there two and thirty year. Of him the kings of ytaly hadden that name and were called kings of latyns Ysidorus libro octavo. In this king latyns time was Sibille Eretrea in her flowers and was called Erofila and was born at Babylon▪ she warned the greeks that went to Troy that Troy should be destroyed and that Omerus should write lesynges afterward ¶ There were ten Sybyls/ and this is the fifth in number and is put before other The first Sibylla was of pierce the second of Libya/ the third was Delphica in Appolyns temple before the battle of Troy omerus written many of her versis in his books/ the iiij was cimerias of italy/ the/ v/ was critria of her is now our speech the uj/ was samia born in the island samos. the seven/ was cumana born in campania. she brought ix books of torquynus priscus king of romayns in the which were written the domes of rome/ the/ viij was elesponsia born in a field of troy/ me readeth that she was in king Sirus and in Salons time thee/ ix/ was Frigia/ me readeth that she prophesied in anchisa. the tenth was tiburtina otherwise called albunea/ the books of 'em all be worthy preysing for they written moche of Crist & also of pains/ ¶ R Netheles it seemeth that saint Augustyne· li 18/ capitulo 16/ Will mean that Sibilla Eritrea was in Romulus' time and she written moche of Criste & that openly as it followeth in these versis of hers/ Token of doom the earth shall of sweet become wete/ Out of heaven the king endless shall come to sight and that in flesh present for to dame the world. And so forth Sibilla hath many moo versis·s The heed lettres of these versis and of other as they be written in latyn speaketh thus Jesus' Cristus gods son saviour. Ysidorus libro quarto ¶ Sibilla is a name of offyce and not of person and is said of Syos that is god and of beele that is thought/ And so Sibille is said as it were a woman that hath gods thought ¶ Therefore as a man that prophesieth is cleped a prophet/ So a woman that prophesieth is called a Sybylle/ under these days in king latyns time/ was the saylling made that is called the saylling of Argonantes/ that sailing was cause and occasion of the battle of troy and began in this manner Trogus libro secundo ¶ After Neptunus the successor of Erutonius the kingdom of Athene fell to Egeus that had geten his son theseus on his first wyf· And atte last when that wyf was deed/ he wedded Medea the kings daughter of Colchos and gate on her medus· ¶ at last medea dread her stepson theseus when he come to age. & took with her her son medus and went home to her father in to colchos▪ after egeus his son theseus reigned in Athene/ he went sometime with hercules & warred & overcome the amasones·s After theseus his son demephon reigned & halp & assisted the greeks against the trojans Trogus li/ 42/ Than pelias king of poloponens that is of thessalia dread lest jason the noble would war in his land. & put him out· jason was esons son Aeson was pelias own brother pelias brought jason in wit for to fetch the golden fle●s at colchos & hoped thereby that the young man should be deed owther f●r long saylling in the see. owther in battle against strange nations ¶ Frigius dares·s ¶ Therefore Pelias made Argus ordain a well fair ship covenable to his saylling and passage Petrus Of this name Argon cometh this name argonante/ Argonante were stalworth young men gathered all about for jasons voyage/ than jason saylled forth with these men & landed first in frigia/ though laomedon reigned there. Trogus/ But jason was put out of frigia & come in to colchos and overcome the king & slough his son egealms & took the golden flees & lad with him medea the kings dought & made her his wyf· netheles aftward he forsook her and put her away But afterward when king Pelyas son was put out of thessalia jason recounseylled and took ayene his wyf media with his stepsonne medus and gathered a strong multitude of young men and went in to Colchos and restored orpedly his wives father that was put out of his kingdom and gave him many cities to his kingdom/ in recompensation and amendment of the old wrong Frigius dares/ Than jason when he had subduyed Colchos he had with him at his praying Hercules castor pollux peleus of Scicia telamon of Salymina and come in with five ships by night in to Frigia and slough laomadon the king and destroyed Ilium in troy He ravished hesiona the kings daughter and gave her to his knight telamon to wyve for he was the first that entered in to Troy/ there was taken a great proy and jason turned ayene with his men When pricimus laomadons oldest son herd & wist of all this/ he strengthened Ilium that is troy with yates and with walls and began for to Regne   

¶ Abessa/ ¶ Capitulum 24  
ABessa of Bethlem was jug in Israel seven year in his second year priamus king of Frigia that is king of Troy sent Antenor to the greeks and said that he would gladly for yeve all trespasses that they had do bifore· if they would send again his sister hesiona that they had ravished/ The greeks would not priamus arrayed for the battle and made his oldest son hector leder of other men/ Alysaunder that heet paris also hectors brother assenteth hereto and saith/ that when he hunted sometime in the wood called Ida/ he slept and dreamed that mercurius brought before him juno venus and mynerua for he should dame which of hem were fairest & Minerva biheete him wisdom/ juno worship and venus' behete him the fareyst wyf of the world if he would dame that she were the fairest/ helenus the other brother prophesied the contrary & said that if that alisander that heet paris took a wife of grece/ the greeks would come & destroy ylium that is troy· that woman cassandra prophesied the same netheles ships were arrayed and paris with Antenor were sent in to grece and when th● men came in to the Island Citheria to the feast of juno helena king menelaus wyf came for to see the fairness of Paris and paris ravished her and took her with him in to Troy Than was Priamus glad enough weening thereby recover his sister hesiona/ Than menelaus king of lacedomonia made greet and grievous playnte to his brother agamenon king of mescenes of the ravishing of his wyf/ and gathered passing strong men Achylle Patroclus ulyxes Ajax Nestor with other stalworth men seven and forty and had ships ready in the haven in number a thousand and two honderd and had answer of Appolyn Delphicus/ that Ilium that is troy should be destroyed in the tenth year ¶ The greeks took up their ankres and saylled on the see and took great proyes and turned home ayene  
¶ In the mean time Agamenon sent messengers ulixes and Dyomedes to king priam to wytt if he would yield up helen. and send her home again Priam bythought him and had anon in mind the wrong of the Argonantes. the death of his father the ravishing of his sister/ the despising of his messenger Anthenor· therefore he forsook peace/ and ordained for the war  
¶ Than when the host was gathered on either side/ Hector slough Protheselaus/ and slough and felled to the ground many men till that this Cousin Esiona son Ajax The lamomus knowleched kindred between 'em/ and so let him of his rees The mean time trewes was taken for two yere· that they might bury her men that were slain but after two year they received a strong battle in the which batail· hector slough x/ stalworth dukis & achilles on the other side slough/ iiij. stalworth men & noble/ & the battle dured four score days continuelly in hard fighting & strong. & after that was trewes taken for three year & after that trewes they received and appointed to fight. & slough many men on either side. And andromach hectors wyf warned hector by her dream that he should not that day wend in to the battle ¶ Netheles Hector went to battle and was slain of achilles/ And when Hector was buried were trewes taken for an year And when Hector's mind day was held. Achilles was there at & loved right heartily policena king priamus daughter & axed to have her to wyf & withdrew him from the bataylle· & said that it was evil done to destrouble all Europa for the ravishing of Eleyne. But atte. last he went forth atte prayer of the Greeks and was wounded of Troilus that had slain many Greeks. therefore he was angry and wroth and slough Troilus and menon also ¶ Than was Hecuba wonder wroth Priamus wyf and bythought her of gyle and set Achilles a day when he should come and fetch home his wyf polixena that was her own daughter. and when the day was comen alysandre otherwise called paris slough Achilles gylefully. therefore they had answer of gods that the greeks should have the victory by achilles' lineage ¶ Neoptholonius Achilles son went forth in to batayll· in the which battle Paris and Ajax were wounded to death either of other Thenne the seventh year of the siege came pantasilea queen of Amosons in help and succour of the trojans and broke the siege of the Greeks and brent many of their ships/ Netheles she was slain of Neoptholomus that she had wounded· ¶ After that Antenor and aeneas counseilled for to deliver heleyne/ and for to desire peace. Priamus took great indignation of their counseylle and said they should die. if ever they were so wood to counseylle that eftsoons/ Therefore they took great indygnation and scent Polidamas to the greeks and proffered to bitray the cyte for her own salvation/ The greeks granted peace to these three to Antenor aeneas and polidamas/ and to all their retinue. and the cyte was opened by night to the greeks/ Than pryamus fled to thaltar of their gods and neoptholomus pursued him and slough him ¶ Aeneas' hid polixena at his own father Anchises at prayer of helen. andramach had freedom granted to seek polixena and was long sought and atte last found and slain of neoptholomus at her father tomb Aeneas for he had hid polixena was hot to be a go. The land was left to Antenor/ helen went home ayene with menelaus This siege of troy dured ten year and six months and were slain of the Trojans ere the Cyte was betrayed six honderd thousand three score and sixteen/ And when the cyte was bytraid three score and echten thousand/ were slain/ Than Aeneas went out of country with four and twenty ships and with him three thousand men and three honderd· and with Antenor three thousand with Andromach & elenus two thousand   

¶ Aylon ¶ Abdon ¶ Capitulum 25  
AYlon of the lineage of Zabulon was jug of Israel ten yere· Netheles the seventy acounten him not/ and therefore Eusebius acounteth his years with the years of josue of samuel and of saul for the scripture spekyth not of their years/ Netheles they set moo years than be founden by josephus So that from the going out of egypte unto Salamons' temple were four honderd year and four score Abdon that heet labdon also was jug of Israel echt year in his third year Troy was taken echt honderd year and four and forty after abrahams' birth three honderd year and forty after the going out of egypt the year of king latyn in ytaly/ xxu· before the building of Rome four honderd year and two and twenty ¶ Augustinus ·18/ capitulo ·16 ¶ After that Troy was destroyed· yet while king latyn reigned in ytalye/ the greeks that turned again & hadden in the way many myshappes/ For varro libro tercio de historia saith that diomedes were turned in to fowls and dyomedes was no more seen· ¶ So that he was held a god/ his temple is solemn in the Island dyomedia not far fro mount Gargan in Apulia/ Me says that fowls be/ and flee about this temple and serve wonderly and spring water· If the greeks or any of the kind of the Greeks come thither/ the birddes make 'em good semblant and if any other come/ they wound 'em with their greet bills/ and for to confirm the same/ varro tellyth not a fable losing but sothnesse of story of that famous dyvyneresse sorceress and wytche/ Cirte that transfourmed ulyxes felaws in ro beestes/ And of the Archades that by lo●t swum over a p●ole & than were turned in to wolves and lived with wild beestes·s and if they eat there no man's flesh they should after nine year swim home over the pool. and turn ayene in to shap of mankind/ He saith also that demenetus when he had tasted of the sacrifice of Archad was turned in to a wolf/ and after nine year he was restored ayene to his own shape of mankind and used afterward geantes deeds/ and had the maystrye in a turning of Olimpe ¶ Plenius libro sextodecimo capitulo vysesimo secundo That men be transformed in to wolves/ and often in to her own shape we trow it be falls/ Netheles auctors of Grece tellen that Archades were led to a pool in the same land & hinge her clotheses on an ooke and swum over the pool & in wilderness turned in to wolves and dwelled nine year among wolves/ And if they kept 'em all that time and eat no man's flessh· they should swim home again and take her own clotheses and her own shape. and be nine year older than they were when they went out/ but their is no losing so greet but it may be confirmed Augustinus libro/ 18/ capitulo .16 Than what shall we say to all this sayngys'/ Certainly when we were in ytalye we herd enough of women hostelers of that land that used to yeve cheese that was bywytched to men that travailed by the way and anon the men turned in to beestes and bore heavy charges and hadden kindly wit and reason/ and when they had done her service they turned ayene in to their own shape/ Also epuleus in his book saith that so it happened himself that he took such venom and had his wit and reason and was made an ass R Willelmus de regibus libro secundo Tellith such doing of tweyn wytches or enchanteresses/ that dwellid in the high way to Romeward And if any guessed come alone they turned him in to a be'st and so come by them aminstrele that couth much mirth and they transformed him to an ass and sold him to a rich man for a greet some of money. netheles with such warning that he should never pass water & his warden kept 'em besily long time Netheles in passing of time he took lass heed to his Ass and escaped to water and turned ayene to shap of mankind/ the warden of the Ass followed after and axed after his ass of every man that he met/ And he that had been an Ass. and was turned to a man ayene said that he had been an ass and was bycomen a man/ & his warden led him to his lord & the lord led them both to leon the pope & the old wytches were convyct before the pope & knowleched the deed the pope doubted of this thing & petrus damianus a cunning man of letture confirmed the manner doing by ensample of Simon magus that turned Faustinus in to his own shape and made his own children dread him full sore ¶ Augustinus ubi supra/ ¶ It is to be believed that fendes may naught do but at god's sufferance and so they may make no man kind neither transform ne chaungebodyes/ ¶ Netheles it seemeth semtyme that they change likeness and shap of things that God made and wrought· So that the fantasy of a man that changeth in thought & in meeting of dreams by diverse manner things and taketh the likeness of bodies with a wonder swyftnesse though no body be presente· when the wits of the body be absent and let of their working and the image and likeness that is in thought & in fantasy is as it were emprynted in the likeness of some be'st and seemeth to other men's wits in the same likeness/ And so a man may seem to himself such as he seemeth in meeting of swevenes and so him may seem that he beareth berthens and charges But and they be very berthens and charges fendes bear 'em that men may be so beguiled For one prestancius told that such an hap befell his own father that he took such venom by these in his own house and lay in a bed as he were sleeping and no man might him wake but after many days he awoke and told as it were a sweven how him was bifalle for him thought that he was made an horse and bore corn among other beestes to knights that were at Rethica and it was found right as he told it was done in deed/ ¶ He said also that he saw a philosopher at home in his house. which philosopher expowned to him many secrets of platoes books which things he had boden him expoune before and he would not and when me axed of the philosophre. why he would expowne in an other man's house. that he had denied in his own: nay quoth he/ I did not so but I met that I did  
¶ And in that manner by the image and likeness of fantasy it was showed to that one waking what that other met in his sleep Therefore that the Orchades turned in to wolves by wytchecraft of Cirta. me seemeth it might be in this manner/ Netheles if it were soothe but for dyomedes fellows vanished suddenly away & were never after found me troweth that wicked angels took wreeche on hem and turned hem in to other fowls that were made and brought thither by craft of men As it is known that an hind was brought in stead of ephigenia Agamenons' daughter and she was lad away The fowls that at dyomedis temple that springen water and flaterens the greeks is by exciting of the devil to bring men in wit to believe diomed be made a god and so beguiled in worshipping of false gods ¶ R Look moor of this matter in the first book capitulo hibernia/ ¶ Giraldus in top ¶ Fendes and wicked men may not change kind but by sufferance of god/ they may change likeness & shape and let men's wits and beguile men so that things seem not as they be but by strength of fantasy and of wytche craft men have seeming by feigned shappes/ But it is not unfitting that we trow that god as he maketh things of naught so he changeth one in to an other for to take rightful wretch/ owther for to show his might or mercy. So he turned Loathes wyf in to an image of salt and water in to wine/ owther change the likeness without and leave the kind unchaunged within·   

¶ Abdon ¶ Capitulum 26  
AFter the destruction of Troy aeneas with his father anchises and his son ascamus with twelve ships come in to Scicile and there Anchises deyed/ than aeneas would have sailled in to Italye but tempest. droof him in to Affryca/ there he was right well byloved of dydo/ the queen/ But soon after he forsook and left dido and came in to Italye R ¶ If it be sooth that Trogus & papie and other wise men written this queen dido build Cartage three score year and twelve before the building of the cyte of Rome· that was build the fourth year of Achaz king of juda/ Than is it truth that Aeneas saw never dydo the queen of cartage/ For aeneas was before and died three honderd year and more oer cartage was buyld· And so means & writeth saint Austyne primo libro confessionum in fine/ And saith that wisemen deny that Aeneas saw cartage Hugo Capitulo Elissa/ This Dido was called elyssa that is vyrago a manly woman for hap that fell afterward for she slow herself manly Trogus libro octodecimo Atte last this Elyssa Pigmalyons daughter when she should have be compelled of the people to take an husband/ she went in to a greet fire that she had/ made & so she slough herself manly & was long after worshipped for a goddess Marinell Than eneas came in to Italye and was confedred and sworn to king evander that though reigned in seven hills/ these two fought and warred against latyn king of Latins and t●rnus king of Tuscan king latyns daughter husband/ ¶ In that battle pallas evandres son and turnus were slain ¶ R Netheles Trogus libro .43 writeth that aeneas in his first coming fond so great grace with king Latyn that he entered in to a party of the kingdom and wedded lavyn king latynes daughter. that was turnus' spouse And so both Latyn and aeneas confedered to geder· took katayll against turnus for the gyleful marriage of ●●uyn/ and latyn and turnus were both deed in that battle. And eneas afterward was king of either kingdom of latyns and of Tuscans. And build a cyte and called it the cyte lavinium by the name of his wyf. and warred afterward against the king of mescene in Tuscan & in that battle Aeneas was slain and left after him his son Ascanius that he had gotten on creusaat troy Ysidorus eth julus was Aeneas' son & heat first ascanius by the name of a river in ●●rigia that so heet and was afterward called Ilus by the name of Ilus king of troy Hugo capitulo julus Afterwards when the king of mesenes was slain in a singler battle of stalworth men than ascanyus was cleped julus for his ferst springing of beard that though was first seen for the first sprynging of beard is properly called julus and is a name of twey syllables by cause of metre R ¶ Here take heed that but the years of Aeneas' reigning be accounted within the year of king latyn the acompting of this story shall fail for the story saith that king latyn reigned two & thyrtty year & specially while aeneas when Troy was taken come in to ytalye the twenty-five year of king latin as all histories tellen· ¶ Trogus/ 43 li· ¶ Ascanius' aeneas son began to regne among the latyns & regued xxxviij/ year. and left the cyte lavinium that his father eneas had sometime y buyld and build the cyte alban a long upon the river Tiber That cyte was heed of that kingdom three honderd year by the name of that Cyte kings latyns were cleped kings Albans Reges Albani ¶ Eutrop/ This Ascanius nonrysshed up full myldly his brother silvius posthumius· For he was born of his stepdame lavina after his father's death and was called posthumus for he was born after that his father was buried and was called Silvius for he was nowrysshed in a wood A wood is Silva in latyn. By his name the kings of latyns were afterward called Syluyes ¶ Ascanius when he had reigned/ xxxviij year he left the kingdom to silvius posthumus for his own son Ilus was yet of tender age so saith marianus libro primo. ¶ Of this Ilus the main that be cleped familia Iliorum had that name· Samson was jug in Israel/ xx/ year. in his time befell that that fables tellith of ulyxes of grecia·s how he fled scylla & syrenes thereof speaketh palefatus. libro primo Incredibilium and saith that Scylla was a woman that used to rob her gests & said that Syrenes be common women that beguiled men that saylled on the See Also that time orestes slough Pirrus of Egypt in Appolyn delphicus temple/ ¶ Also some say that Omerus was that time but to speak of his time old men discorden for some say that he was an honderd year some an honderd year & forty Somme an honderd year & four score· some two honderd year & forty after that Troy was destroyed & some trow he was before Troyes destruction Hiderto the book of judges liber judicum accounteth three honderd year under twelve jugges   

¶ Hely ¶ Samuel ¶ Capitulum 27  
HEly the priest after Samson was jug in Israel/ xl year so saith ysidorus libro quinto and josephus libro sexto But the seventy say that hely was over the people twenty year In his time fell a greet hunger in the land of Israel/ And the story of Ruth that was of moab felle· Hector's children took Ilium that is troy and put out Anthenores' offspring by help of helenuspriamus son silvius posthumus aeneas & Ascanius his brother geten on his stepdame lavina was the third king of latyns & began to regne and reigned nine and thyrtty year in the which year Brutus Silvius son that was ascanius' son occupied bretayne as stories rehersen. It seemeth that histories discorden that tell of this brutus' father for thistory of brytons saith that this brute was silvius son the which silvius was Ascanius son But thistory of Rome saith that Ascanius gate julius of which came th● meinie familia iuliorun & maketh no mention of silvius then if this julius had twey names & was cleped silvius also that one of histories fayllyth/ for me saith that this brute when he was fyften year old slough his father at hunting and all histories acorden that Silvius posthumus was eneas's son and not ascanius son and lived long after unslayne and reigned also than it is sooth that this silvius posthumus was not brutes father but upon case for thistory of Rome saith that ascanius after eneas's death norysshed up tendrely silvius posthumus/ therefore he is accounted his fader· Herto I would assent withonten doubt/ ner that me readeth that silvius was slain of his son Bait T ¶ Ganfr This brute slough his mother in his birth and his father afterward at hunting when he was fyften year old Therefore he was put out of ytaly● and went in to grece and there by help of the trojans he overcome pandrasue the king of grece & wedded his daughter Innoges·s he delivered the Trojans and saylled thence and had answer of the gods and landed in affrica/ then he passed the aventure of philenes the lake called lacus salinarum the salt lake/ the river malue and nn's pilers. and came in to the see Tiren and found there corneus and went in to Gyan and overcome there Gopharyus Duc of Peytowe and Turnus Brutus nenewe was slain at a Cyte called turon owther Turon by his own name· And than brute had good wind and saylled in to brytayn and held britayn at clyf of Totenes in Cornewayle and was first king of brytayn all hole and destroyed the geauntes that dwelled there in and cleped the Ilonde Brytayne by his own name and called his fellows Britons and bitoke cornewayl to corneus and build a Cyte & called it Trinovantuin as it were new troy that cyte now is called london and is upon Temse Brutus bigate three sons Lotrinus camber and albanactus and died when he had reigned four and twenty year in the island/ The kings of Scitions failled when they had reigned an honderd year three score and twain. ¶ Samuel after hely was jug in ysrael twelve year so saith josephus libro octavo/ Netheles the scripture speaketh not thereof from his time began the times of prophetees tempora prophetarum· And in his thyrdde year david was born Petrus This Samuel ordained first company of clerks in queres for to sing and than me said that they prophesied that is to mean they worshipped god busily Afterwards Samuel was jug in ysrael under Saul echten year/ Lotrinus brutus' eldest son began to regne as it were upon the south see to the river of humbre and named that party of the ylonde loegria that is englond as it is said in the first book in the chapytre of Britain/ But Albanactus' was slain and camber died And locrinus after that he had reigned twenty year was slain also in battle that his wyf Gwendolena made against him by cause of a strompete called estrilda And Gwendolena reigned after her husband fyften year   

¶ Saul ¶ Capitulum 28  
SAul of the lineage of Beniamyn was the first king of Ebrewes and reigned tw●nty year/ so saith josephus of the which years the scripture speaketh not/ Petrus/ For Saul reigned xviij year while that samuel lived & two year after his death The four king of latyns Aeneas silvius was posthumus son and began to regne and reigned xxxj year R In some histories posthumus brother latynns silvius is set the fourth and this aeneas is set the fifth but in this place eneas is set the fourth/ The xvij duke of Ath●ne Codrus melautus son began to regne & reigned one and twenty year after his death kings of athene faylled ¶ Augustinus libro octodecimo capitulo 14 The peloponens men of thessalia rebelled against them of Athene. Than was answer yeven of gods/ that on whether side the duke were slain that side should have the maystrye ¶ Therefore the knights were charged over all thing to take good keep of king Codrus· Netheles Codrus took a poor man's clothing & a byrthen of Fagottes on his neck and entered in to the strength of his enemies. and there was stryf arered among the people and a knight slough hym· that he had rather wounded with an hook when it was known that coreus went away without battle and the Athenes were delivered/ Codrus had liefer die and his men have the maystrye than live and his men be overcome After his death the comonte was governed by maystries for there was no law but liking of lordship unto the time that Salon the noble maker of laws was choose jug Maddan Loctinus son by Gwendolena geten reigned forty year among the britons and bigate mempricius and maulus/ the Amazons maken war in Asia soul & his children been slain in the hill mount Gelboe and so endeth the third age of the world from the birth of Abraham to the kingdom of david ¶ Ysidorus libro quinto saith that the third age of the world containeth nine honderd and eight & f●urty year by fourteen generations But either translation saith that the thyrdde age of the world containeth nine honderd year and two and forty R ¶ This diversity befalleth for ysidorus saith that Samuel and Saul ruled the people forty year ¶ Netheles josephus libro octavo and the master of the stories acorden that Samuel reuled the people alone twelve year and after him Saul reigned ·xx· year   

¶ david ¶ Solomon ¶ Capitulum 29  
David of the lineage of juda was the second king of Hebrews & reigned forty year first seven year in ebron upon juda all one & after three and thyrtty year upon all israel ¶ Latynus Silvius the fifth king of latyns reigned fifty year The second Ixyon king of cormth reigned xxxviij years Andonycus build the cyte ephesus/ And Solomon is born ¶ Psidorus libro quinto Cartage is build ¶ Petrus Somme will mean that carthedon Tirius build cartage/ And other write that his daughter dido builded it ¶ R And if there were but three score year and ten between the bylding of cartage and of Rome as Trogus and papias acorden· than it seemeth that cartage was build about the first year of Ozias king of juda as it is said in the first book of the province of Africa capitulo numidia. Galf● and Alf● Menpricius the fifth king king of brytons reigned twenty xere This cleped his brother for accord and slough him and took the kingdom with strength and usede tyranny in the people and bigate on his wyf a noble young man called Ebrancus & forsook his wyf at last & used zodomye as a shrew should but atte last at hunting he was eten of wolves ¶ David the king. died the xxix day of december at the tower of Zion in Iherusalem and was buried therewith great richesse of the which richesse afterward hircanus the bishop yave antiochus demetrius son three thousand talentes for to go from Ierlm/ Trevisa/ A talon is a great weight & there be three man talentis the jest is of/ l. pound/ the middel of ·lx/ score pond & twelve/ the most of an/ C. pound and twenty/ Sequitur in historia/ This david while he had peace made songs & ympnes some of three metres & some of five & made also organs of diverse man & other instruments of music in which the dekenes should say ympnes and songs & four men maystres over other/ Ema● in the myddel Asaph in the right side. ethan in the life side & edythim to over see the symbals Also there were xxiv bisshopps & had under 'em four and twenty preestes four and twentydekens & four and twenty porters·s the thyrdde part of 'em served in the temple and the m●ene time the other two parts ordained for her own house/ Solomon reigned in ysrl somewhat of years while his father david was a live/ the which years been accounted to david & not to· Solomon/ & after that his father was deed he reigned xl yere· Also jerom in epla ad vitalem presbiterun· saith that Solomon when ●e was xj year old gate a son on pharaoh's daughter Also me readeth of achaz the king that gate a child when he was xj year old/ also this Solomon when that he had slain joab semey & adonyas & when he had received wit & wisdom of god in the hill & given doom of the two strompettes/ he cast in his heart to do three thynges·s first build a temple to almighty god/ a kings palace to himself/ and to wall Iherusalem with three walls/ within the first wall dwelled preestes & clerks that served in the temple and the king & his household within the second wall woned stalworth men and prophets and within the thyrdde wall were inhabit with common people and crafts men/ Salamons' meet was everx day/ thirty/ chorus of ter flower & lxxx chorus of meal/ x/ fat oxen & an honderd weders/ without venison pultrye and wild foul. Chorus containeth the measure of .30/ busshels Solomon written also three books that one is called Parabole salamonis & proverbia also/ the second heat ecclesiastes·s the third cantica can ticorum/ He disputed also of kind of trees & of herbs. from the cedar that groweth in the wood Lybanus/ unto the ysope that groweth out of the walles·s Also he told moche philosophy of the kind of beestes/ He found up also halsing & coniurisons for to slake sickness and other for to cast fendes out of men· that they cumbered/ Also he found up figure's and pryntes to be graven in precious stones that should with the rotes of some herbs be held to the nose thrylles of men that hadden fendes within hem and put out the fendes/ This craft was moche used among the hebrews before the coming of crist Therefore josephus libro octavo saith that he saw Elyazarus the conjurer in presence of Vaspas●an the Prince helede men that hadden fendes with in 'em/ in this manner he put a vessel with water to the man's nose and heet the fiend/ that he should overturn the vessel when he went oute· and so it was done/ ¶ Also Solomon. to find a spedeful craft for to cleanse and cleave stones/ he enclosed a struction bird in a glass & the struction brought a worm that heat Thamyr out of wilderness and touched the glass about with the blood of that worm/ and so brake the glass and delivered his bird ¶ Than the first year of Solomon was the outgoing of that nation jonica of Lacedemonea Omerus was in that passinge· jonica is a nation of greeks ¶ The fourth year of Solomon the second month that was four honderd and four score year after the going out of Egypte Solomon began to build the temple & was seven year in building and signefyed holy church & the viij year the temple was hallowed & had in length an C cubits & xx/ in breed three score & in height thirty/ ¶ In this temple was so much gold that when the Romans set it on fire there ran a streme of gold of nails melted in to the brooc called torrens Cedron. Also that year the queen of Saba come for to here the wisdom of Solomon ¶ Petrus ¶ Me saith this queen saw a tree in the temple on the which tree/ one should be an hanged/ and by cause of his death the kingdom of jews should be destroyed· the queen warned Solomon. and anon the tree was thrown in to a deep pit under earth & how it fleet aftward about Cristes' time in a pond called probatica piscina/ it is uncertain. Me troweth that this tree· was the rood tree Gaufr/ Ebranc Nempricius son was the sixth king of brytons and reigned sixty year/ this man was both fair and strong and on one and twenty wives he bigate twenty sons and thyrttye daughters. The fairest daughter of all was gwalaes/ Hebranc send these daughters to Albia silvius king/ for he would have 'em married to the blood of troy because that the women Sabynes fled the beds of the latyns Also Ebranc by leding of Assaracus occupied a party of germania Ebranc beyond humbre build that cyte of york in the march of northumberlond and of scotland/ he ordained the cyte alcluyt ¶ And he build within Scotland the castle of maidens that now is called eden borgh/ ¶ Afterwards he sailed in to France with a greet navy and come ayene wonderly rich/ Alba silvius the sixth king of l●tyns reigned nine and thyrtty year   

¶ Roboas ¶ Abdyas ¶ Asa Capitulum 30  
ROboas Salamons' son reigned only upon twey lygnages juda and Benyamyn echten year so saith josephus libro octavo Capitulo quinto/ and seventeen year as other written Roboas forsook the counseyl of old men/ and was ruled by the counseyl of yonglynges·s that time Jeroboam Nabathes son reigned in Samarya upon ten lygnages of. Israel xvij year/ But josephus libro octavo capitulo septimo saith that he reigned two and twenty year ¶ This nabath for the people should not turn her heart to her lord Roboam/ when they went to do sacrifice in· Ierlm he made twey calves of gold to be worshipped of the people in dan & in bethel & so this nabath was cause of maumetrye in Israel· ¶ The variance in the counting of years of the king of juda and of Israel may be determined by that·s that a part of the year is taken for the hoole year owther for some kings reigned with her faders/ ere that they reigned all one or for the kingdoms were otherwhiles without kings For the books of kings were gathered of diverse writings of prophets/ Therefore the beginnings both of the kings of juda and of the kings of israel be diversly set and therefore such discord may not lightly be determined. we trow it happeth by defawte of the writers that be often beguiled in numbers and in proper names ¶ Trevisa ¶ For we speak of the kings of juda and of the kings of Israel Here take heed that the line or offspring of jacob's children were called the lignages of Israel/ And so the line or offspring of judas jacob's sonne-was called the lineage of juda & the of spring of Benyamyn was called the lineage of benyamyn and so of other ¶ David and Solomon were kings of all the lygnages of Israel but for Roboas Salamons' son was hard and stern the ten lygnages forsook him and made 'em a king by himself/ and cleped him the king of Israel for he was king of the more part of israel Twey lygnages abode with Roboas the lineage of juda and of benyamyn And for the lineage of Iud● was the worthier lineage/ the king of these twey lygnages was called the king of juda and criste come of the kings of juda/ josephus li·8. ca/ 5. Susac king of egypt spoilt & took away the sheldes of gold that Solomon had set in Iherusalem. Roboas set sheldes of brass in her stead/ Susac went and subdued Syria ¶ Abyas Roboas son was the fourth king of juda and reigned three year that is to say two full year and the third deal of the thread year ¶ And for he trusted in god he should over come Jeroboam that fought against him and slough sixty thousand ¶ Asa· the rightful Abyas son reigned xlj year and destroyed mawmetrye and cleansed the temple and slough the king of egypt And atte last he had a grievous sickness on his feet and died. he had put a prophets feet in the stokkis that had charged him to do right/ Nadab jeroboas son reigned in Israel two year that is one year & some what of that other. him slough ba●a & reigned aft him xxiv/ year/ this slough jehen the prophet that time jeheia ananias & asarias ꝓphecied in israel/ egippus silvius the seven king of latyns reigned xxiv year/ asa the king hired be nadab the king of siria to let basa the king that had bylded●ama xl furlongs out of Ierlm/ so that noman might go out Brutus grenessheld ebrancꝰ eldest son was king of brytons xij· year. capis silvius the viij king of latins reigned xxviij year & made capna/ hela bases son reigned in israel/ ij year that is one hole year & somewhat of that other that year zamry slough ela & reigned for him seven days and when he was deed the people was departed and one part followed zamry & the other followed tebui Petrus  
This steyf of this kingdom endured three year and more for zamry began to regne the xxj year of asa king of juda. and reigned with tebui four year And after tebui. he reigned all one in Israel eight year and so he reigned in all twelve year Leyl brute grenesheldes son reigned in brytayn twenty-five year/ Achab zamryes son reigned in israel xxij year his wyf heet jesabel· josaphath asas son was rightful before god & reigned in juda twenty-five year/ in his time ꝓphecied helias michias & abdias Ruthud●bras leiles son reigned in britayn xxxix year & build three noble cities/ caunterbury winchestre & shaftesbury/ carpentus silvius the ix king of latins reigned among the latins xiij year. Ochosias' Ahab'S son reigned in israel. ij/ year & had no son but his brother joram reigned viij year after him unto the second year of joram the king & reigned after that all one four year/ joram josephath king of judas son reigned viij year/ in his viij year edom went his way for they would ot be under juda & ordained 'em a king of her own & helyas was ravesshid in to paradyse/ the/ x· king of latyns tiberius silvius carpentus son reigned among the la●yns viij year of him the river tiber had that name/ tiber that heet rather albula/ achasias otherwise called asarias joranis son reigned in juda one year Matthew reckoneth not this achasias ne his son joas neither his son amasias in the genealogy of crist by cause of her v●cious & wicked living jehu enoynted of helizeus his child upon israel slough achasias king of juda & joram king of israel & his mother jesabel and ahab's lxx sons & asarias king of iuda xlij brethren & all baals preestes & reigned xxviij year Atha●ia king asarias mother was Ahab'S daughter & reigned in iuda six year & slough all the kings children of jorams house except joas Asarias' son for Achasias sister that was joyade the preestes wyf took away that child and hid him and norysshed 'em privily six year in the dekens chambers with in the temple The xj king of Latyns Agryppa silvius reigned among the latyns joas Achasias son reigned in juda forty year and renewed the temple/ bladud Ruthydibras son reigned in brytayne ·xx. year  
Ganfr & alfrid written that he by craft of● Nygromancy made the cite caerbadom that is bath & made the hot baths/ R· Netheles wilian malmesburi se●th that julius cezar brought up thilk baths but I trow it not as it is said rather in the first book capitulo de urbibus joathas jehues' son reigned in Israel xvij year in his time helyzeus the prophet died & was buried in sebasten that is Samaria· when this helyzens was born in galgalis/ One of the golden calves that jerobas had made lowed· & when that was herd in sharp wise a priest of Ierlm said. Now is a prophet born that shall destroy all the mawmetrye of Israel & Zachary as joiade the bishops son was stoned to death of king joas between the altar & the temple ¶ Our lord in the gospel clepeth him barachias his son because of his myldenesse and goodness/ barachias is as moche to say as gods own blessed son/ Leyth bladudis son reigned in britain sixty year and builded leycestre upon the river soray & gate three daughters so saith the brytissh book/ joas joathas the king of israels son reigned in israel seventeen year/ the xij king of latyns aremulus silvius reigned among the latyns nineteeen year   

¶ Amasias ¶ Capitulum 31  
AMasias joas son reigned in iuda xxix year aft him the kingdom of juda was without king xiij year. Petrus. upon caas me saith that the kingdom was void so long For amasias departed the kingdom while he was a live/ & his son a child of/ iij/ year old yet might not regne & so it seemeth for when his father amasias was deed his son Ozias was but xuj year old when he began to regne/ ¶ R. These xiij year in the which me saith that the kingdom of juda was without king some stories acompteth 'em not other acompte 'em among the xxix year of amasias the king/ else shall not so many years be founden there as Eutropius acompteth from the twenty-five year of king latyn in the which year Troy was destroyed unto the building of rome that was in all four honderd xxxij year Jeroboam joas son reigned in israel xlj year/ the xiij king of latyns' eventinꝰ silvius reigned among the latins xxxiiij year. Ozias that heet asarias amazias son reigned in juda lij year/ this king loved weal earth tilling also this king would have taken upon him & entremeted of thoffice of priest & was smitten with lepre or meselrye & half a greet hill claf and fell upon his gardens Arbaces otherwise called arbactus the first king of medes slough Sardanapallus the last king of Assyries and reigned among the medes xxix/ yere· And tho faylled the hool kingdom of assyries that had continued from belus and ninus to the last sardanapallus a thousand year &. iiij·C/ Nethehes after sardanapallus were mighty kings in assiria unto the destroyeng of Ninyve though they were not full & hool kings/ Trogus/ li· p/ This Sardanapallus was a man more wretch than any woman. his stuard arbaces fond him spinning reed silk on a distaff in woman's clothing among company of common women/ for to to receive some of the huyr Therefore arbaces took greet indignation & exited his knights against the king in conspyracye & atte last the king was overcome& went in to his ryal place & brent himself with much richesse/ R/ Commentator/ p/ i'th'/ c/ 14 ¶ Said that one written on sardanapallus tomb in this man/ so much I had as I eat & drank· And seint austyn de. ci· de/ li/ 2// ca/ 17. understandeth that sardanapallus himself while he lived ordained that to be written on his tomb when he was deed. for it was the man that time that kings ordained the writing that should be writon on her tomb after her death/ the/ xiiij· king of latyns procas silvius reigned among the latyns xxij/ year/ that time fidon found up & yaf the argyves' measure & w●yghtes Trogus libro tercio Ligurgus king of Lacedomonies gave law to his peple· the tenor of his laws is thus The people is informed to be buxom to the princes and the princes to do the people right and reason· he teacheth all men to be skylfully scars or mesurable that the travail of knygthode be not destroyed by greet wasting and spending/ ¶ All that shall be bought and sold shall be bought and sold not for money/ but for changing of merchandise/ he died away use of money as it were matier of vice or sin/ He departed the governance of the comonte by degrees. and gave kings knights power of batayls and to jugges power of domes and to the Senators kepyng· and mayntening of the laws and gave the people power for to chief jugges whom they wold· the land and ground he dealt even among all men that egalyte of inheritance of lands should make 'em all like mighty and strong Her yonglynges should hold 'em apaid all the year with one clothe· he suffered no man to be gayer than other/ ne no man to far better than other of meet ne of drynk· He bade that children of fourteen year he should not use 'em in cheaping ne in feyres/ but in fields unto they come to man's age. Nothing should be sprad under them when they should sleep they should lyvewith out delicious meet/ maiden's should be wedded without endowing or yefts for to constrain wedlok the faster when no wedlock were bond with bridels of endowing He ordained that oldmen should be more worshipped than rich/ he ordained no thing to be held of other men but as they would hold it hem self/ ¶ And for his cyte that was out of good rule & out of good living should the rather come to rule and receive the lawe· he feigned that appolyn was fynder of this law/ And for he would that this law should last evermore/ he bond the people by oath and made hem hem swear not to change this law till he came ayene/ And feigned him that he would go to Appolyn delphicus and ask counsel of him if aught should be withdraw of this law or made moor Netheles he went in to Creta that ylonde and was there till be died and when he should die he bade throw his body in to the see/ lest he were born to lacedomonia and the men that were sworn to his law would ween that they were discharged of their oath Cranius the first king of lacedomonia reigned there echte and twenty year Ganfr ¶ Cordeylla king leyers daughter after her father reigned in brytayn five year but atte last her sister's sons morgan and cunedagius put her in prison and cunedagius reigned in brytayn after cordeylla three and thyrtty year he slough morgan that was rebel against him in Glammorgan in wales and by cause of that hap that country is called morgans land/ ¶ After cunedagius reigned Ryvallo after him Gurgustius silvius after him jago After him kymnarchus after gorbodio he had twey sons fferrex and porrex· this porrex for covetise of lordship slough his brother ¶ Therefore her mother was full wroth and fill with her maidens upon the mansleer/ cs he slept and hakked 'em all in gobbettes ¶ Afterwards was discord in the land that grieved the people full sore under/ v kings unto molyuncius donwallons time/ ¶ The fifteenth of Latyns Amilius procas younger son reigned three and forty year but his years be accounted with his broders munitors years Munitor procas son was put out of his kingdom by his own brother amulius and lived in his own field afterward and his daughter rea otherwise called Etilia for she should have no child was choose to be a maid in the temple of the goddess vesca And the seventh year of her eme amulius she bore twain children at oo childing Remus and Romulus. and she said that god mars gate her with child and therefore she was buried quick & the children were laid in a wood & a woluesse that had lost her welpis fed oft the children & made 'em suck of her own tetes But faustulus the heord espied this doing & took away the children from the wild be'st and norysshed hem up among his beestes with meet of wood and of fields ¶ Than when the the children come to age and hadden wytt and strength they saved oft the beestes from strong thieves but atte last the thieves took Remus & brought him to munitor for he should punyssh him as a thef that had stolen his beestes And when munitor took heed of the shap of the child he advised him long and bythought him how his daughter children were laid sometime in the wood Than in the mean time come fastulus the herd and brought with him Romulus' Thenne after when munitor knew that the children were his daughter sons he and the children intended to slay his brother Amulius Eutr ¶ Faustulus the heorde that kept the kings beestes fond twey lytil brethren laid by the brink of the river Tiber & brought 'em to his wife that was called acta laurencia & for her fairness & concupisbence of her disordinate lust she was called lupa in latyn that is a woluesse in englissh And therefore the house of common women is called yet lupanaria in latyn These children Remus and Romulus waxed strong and gathered to hem many heerdes and thieves and slough amulus upon the river Alba and restored her grauntsir munitor to his kingdom ayene ¶ Martinus· ¶ Netheles whether that woman was called lupa or no the old writing in marble & in other stones at Rome showeth yet/ that a woluesse fed the twey brethren with her milk/ a woluesse is lupa in latyn Zacharias jeroboams son regnede in israel sex months him smote Sellum Jabes son and reigned oo month Petrus by very acomptes owther the kingdom of Israel. after the death of jerobam was three and twenty year without king owther this Zacharyas began to regne the xv year of Ozias and so reigned all thylk three and twenty year that be not accounted to him for all that time he lived a wicked life and for he amended him and lived s●x months good life therefore sex months be accounted to him in the xxxviij/ year of Ozias Manaen gaddyes son reigned in israel ten year ¶ Odours gave the egypcians' law in his time a lamb spoke and told ready tales The lacedomonies arrayed battle against the mecenes and atte last were aggrieved by plaints of her wives for they were so long from home & ordained that the women that were left at home everych should take many men for they hoped in that manner to have the stronger children ¶ R Look more hereof in the first book capitulo grecia scilicet lacedomonia ¶ In corinthy were every year ordained jugges in stead of kings ¶ The first Olimpias began that time so faith Eusebius in his Cronyke This year phaceas manaens son began to regne in israel and reigned two year   

¶ joathan ¶ Capitulum 32.  
IOathan josias son reigned in juda sexton yere· In his first year Phacea Romelyas son began to regne in Israel and reigned twenty year ¶ This first year of joathan as josephus and the history of Affryca and beda tellen after four honderd year and six after the destruction of Troy the first Olimpias was ordained by the Iliensis under Escilis jug of Athene in the which Olimpias corebus of athene was the first vyctour/ Hugo ¶ Olympus is the name of an hill in grecia at clyf named acten that hill is called olympus for mirth & clearness of weder that is there as it were the mirth of god Theridamas the Ileens have their tornamentes from iiij year to iiij year so that four year was between the tornoyes in the which four year princes be ordained and choose & that space of four year is cleped Olimpias Isichus praxomdys' son ordained first Olimpias/ R/ The Olimpias beginneth atte styntyig of the son in the winter that is when the day is shertest for the grekis beginneth her year than Hugo ca/ olympus ¶ Olympiad's be plays ordained under the hill Olympus in worship of jupiter· In the which plays who that hath the maystrye shall have what he would ask and was held once in five year jest it should be foryete and it were longer forborn and for it should grieve men with great cost if it were ofter used ¶ Theglathphalazar king of assiria went up in to Israel and destroyed the country beyond jordane and took prisoners twey lygnages of Israel and an half. and lad with him to Assiria/ And that was the beginning of the thraldom of the ten lignages of Israel ¶ Pol. li/ octavo ¶ jerom saith that this king of Assyria had five names salmanasar Senacherib phulle Theglathphalazar. Sargon. therefore it is no wonder though this king be named in dyuse stories by diverse names. R· Now some will mean that these names be names of diverse kings that reigned in Assiria after Sardanapallus every after other as arbaces' phul theglathphasar Salmanasar senacherib Assaradon Sargon/ After him the greet kings Merodac and other unto Balthasar reigned in babilonia unto darius· Cirus turned her kingdom to the perses the● for after Sardanapallus that was the last hole king of assiria come kings everych after other and warred with nations that dwelled about 'em for to rekever worship and dignity and brought the ten lygnages of israel in servage and reigned unto Ezechias time king of juda/ when senacherib fled out of juda and was slain of his own sons in the temple   

¶ Achas ¶ Capitulum 33  
AChaz joathans' son reigned in israel xuj year in his. iiij· year Rome was full build in the hill Palatynus of the twey brethren twins Remus and Romulus the xxj day of Apryll in the beginning of the seven Olimpias from that year is the kingdom of Romulus accounted xxxix year Martinus ¶ Me readeth that this kings reigned long before about that place in ytaly & specially janus Saturnus Picus Faunus and latynus reigned unto aeneas about two honderd year  
R. ¶ Than from aeneas to this Romulus/ italy was under fyften rectors four honderd year and two and thyrty· And after that from that the cyte was build to the last year of tarrquinius the proud me reigned at rome under seven kings abou● two honderd & four & forty year And afterward under Con●suls unto julius cesar four honderd and four and forty year ¶ Enter Than while romulus reigned his leder fabius slough remus Romulus brother with an heordes raak Marc ¶ I not if that was done by his brother will/ the cause of his death was thus Remus said that a sengle wall was not strength enough for the new cyte and for to make that good/ he leapt over the wall at oo lepe FLETCHER ¶ Titus ¶ For these brethren twins were of one age they put upon dyvyning whether of hem should rule the cyte that was build as the older and greater master/ Than when they were in the hill Aventinus seven fowls showed 'em to remus that he called vulture's and afterward such two that were fourten vultures showed hem to Romulus/ than they stryved and either said that he had the better divination of fowls Remus for he had first and Romulus for he had the more number and so Remus was slain in that strif Marc But the more common saw is that remus was slain f●r he leapt over the new walls of Rome Enter ¶ Than Romulus the first of the Romans for by his name the latyns were cleped Romans and he named the cyte after his own name and gathered people all about and chasse an honderd of the elder and wisest and did all thing by her counsel and cleped 'em senators by cause of her eld or age for senex in latyn is old in englysshe and he named 'em faders by cause of the charge and keeping that they had And he made her names be written with lettres of gold And therefore they were cleped faders written/ He cheese a thousand werriours and called them milites by that number mill that is a thousand/ Milites be knights in englysshe ¶ Titus And when Romulus had gathered to his cyte a great multitude of flemed men of mysdoers and heordes and of unworthy personnes than men that dwelled about 'em held 'em but harlottis and would not yeve 'em her daughters to wives/ for they were so unworthy. Than Romulus sat up games and prayed all the nations about to come and to see· And when they were comen the Romans ravished her maidens the fairest maid of all was yeven to duke thalassus Therefore in wedding of Romans me cried thalassus R ¶ Austyn de civitate dei libro tercio capitulo undecimo ¶ saith that Titus lyvius treateth how by cause hereof was were long during between the sabines and the Romans ¶ at last when the Sabines fill one tarpenis daughter made covenant with tacius king of Sabines that she would deliver to him and to his men the· tower torpeya where her father was lord/ So that the Sabines would yeve her the broaches that they bore on her life arms/ of the which ovide maketh mind libro primo de fastie The Sabyns entered in atte yates of Rome and bruised and overlay that maid wilfully with sheldes that they bore on their left sides ¶ When the Romans herd that they arrayed 'em for to fight and fought till they were nigh destroyed· But the Romans wives that were the Sabines daughters went with her hair spradde and children on her arms weeping between the shiltrons and cried peace and made peace so that her kings should regne to geders an● the people should put her own names before the names of her fellows but the name of the kingdom should leave to the Romans Eutr Thereof it come that every romayne had afterward twey names ¶ But son after tacius king of sabins was slain by assent of Romulus that seemeth well For he made no sorrow for him neither took wretch but he granted 'em fedome that did that deed R ¶ Titus lynius and other written that while Romulus told his people atte water of capne he was covered and healed with a thykke c●●wde ¶ But Austyn de civitate dei libro tercio capitulo 13 ¶ understandeth with other as it seemeth that Romulus was smyteij with lyghting and all to dashed so that nothing of his body might be found Or as some Romans write he was also haled and drawn of his own Senators for his cruelta ¶ Than one julius proculus that was at greet worship among the Romans said that Romulus appeared to him in his sleep and height him and the Romans that they should worship Romulus in stead of god and clepe him quirinus for he used a spear and a spear 〈◊〉 called quyris in the language of Sabyns and therefore knights of rome be cleped quyrytes as it were ●pere men ¶ In this manere the people of rome were let that they slough not the Senators for the death of Romulus. And namely for that time fill the eclypps of the son Therefore the Romans wend that the son had be sorry for Romulus' death ¶ Augustinus de civitate dei li. decimo octavo capitulo quartodecimo· In Romulus' time was Tales millesius in his flowers the first of the seven wise men Ysidorus libro secundo ¶ This tales was the first that searched natural philosphye causes and working of heaven kind of things and afterward plato departed his doing in four in Arsemetrik geometry music and astronomy ¶ Pol/ ¶ This natural philosopher and dyvynour searched kind and virtues of things and warned and told before the eclipses of the son and of the moan and he trowed that moisture is the beginning of all things and me saith that he lived unto the lxviij Olimpiad Augustinus libro octavo ¶ Tales disciple was Anaximander he changed the foresay opinion and trowing of his master a●d said that every thing hath his own proper beginning and causes whereof it is gendered Anaximenes' herd it by his own name nummus. Ysidorus libro sextodecimo capitulo 17 ¶ Pecunia cometh a p●cus that is a beast. For pecunia that is money was first made of leather and of beasts skynne● Afterwards Saturnus made money of brass with writing about ¶ at last this numa made money of silver and wro●e his own name about/ Therefore nummus that is a penny hath that name nummus of numa   

¶ Manasses ¶ Capitulum ●●  
MAnasses ezechias son began to regne· & reigned lv/ year In his time sibyl Erophila was in her flowers in the island 〈◊〉 ¶ And· nychomedia in bythymia was build that was called sometime Archacus Mida the rich king of Fugia dranck blood of a bowl and died Manasses an evil king before god after that he had made the streets of Ierlm reed with blood of ppephetes. and made ysayas the Prophet to be sawed with a saw of tree and lad to prison in to Babylon. yet atte last this manasses repented him and wept and did penance and so by grace amended his life The hebrews seyens that ysaias while he was sawed without Iherusalem beside the well siloe axed water/ men gave him none. than god from heaven sent water in to his mouth and so he yield up his soul● ¶ Siloe is as moche to say as sent Isaye had prayed and it was granted of god in the siege of Iherusalem that men of the cyte that went thither should find the water. and enemies might there no water find. In mind of that deed the people buried him under an ook called quercus Rogel fast by the water of Siloe/ Kings seaccen at Athene and jugges be ordained to rule the people ¶ Tullius' hostilius the third king of Romans reigned two and thyrtty year Eutr ¶ This was the first king of Romans that wore pmpure a manner reed clothing of kings and brouderd and Ryveld and after long peace he arrayed batayls and overcome the Albans & the fidenates'/ and at last he was smitten with lighnting in his own house and so he died/ Augustinus libro tercio capitulo undecimo From Ascamus time to r●mulus the heed of the kingdom left with Albans/ when the Cyte was byld was greet seryf and long between the romans & the albans·s the end of the strife was put upon three knights on that one side & iij knightiss on the otherside/ so that of whether side the knights overcome other that side should be heed of the kingdom Tha● on the Romans side came together three knights every of them wa● called Oracius & were born at one byrthen/ And on the Albans side came also together three knights every of them was called curiacius and were also born at one byrthen These three curyacies of the Sabyns side first slough twain of the oracies of the Romans side than the third Oracies saw that he was left alone in right great peril he feigned for to flee that he might suddenly fall upon the three when they were departed & unware purposing to take his advantage and so it was done· For they ran after him unwisely every after other and he slough every by himself as they came to his hand each after other Therefore the heed and the name turned to the Romans of the kingdom ¶ But Oracius sister that was spoused to one of the Curyaces saw that her brother had slain and spoylled her spouse she myssa yde her brother angrely for the sleenge of her spouse therefore her brother was wroth and slough her also ¶ R This tullius hostilius had battle against fydenates'/ And prayed metius king of Albans to come with him and assist him both for old kindred and alliance and for new covenant and friendship made after the death of the three curiacies ¶ But when Tullius' hostilius fell on his enemies Metius withdrew him/ netheles tullius had victory and took metius king and drowe him with horses and threw down the Cyte Alba and took the men and richesse and sent 'em in to Rome ¶ Archilotus and Simonides the enchanters were that time in her flowers and the Cyte Bysans was byld in Tracia. that now is called constantynople Amon Manasses son reigned two year so write the hebrews but the seventy sayen that he reigned twelve yere· ¶ This Amon lived an evil life and was slain of his own servants ¶ R It may hap that because thereof that the years of this age been diversly accounted among diverse men and that the years from the building of the cyte passen by ten years the which ten years the seventy put ten to josias Amons son a child of echte year old began to regne and reigned in Inda one and thyrtty year This josias the iiij year of his reign corrected evil doers as he had been an old● man and gladly heard the words of Deutronomij that is this anaximander and said the eyer is cause of all things His disciple was Anaxagoras he said that the In wit of god is maker of all things He taught Archelaus and democritus· And Archelaus taught Socrates and Socrates was Plato's master ¶ Augustinus de civitate dei libro decimo octavo capitulo visesimo quinto· The other s●x wisemen were in the time of the transmigration of the jews Netheles they left no books after hem written but they taught men by honest of lyvyng· these be the names of these wisem●n/ Pitacus milytenus. Salon Atheniensis/ chilon lacedemonius/ Piriadrus Corinthius Cleobolus lidius bias Pien●us ¶ Val libro quarto capitulo primo In this tale's time Somme ffisshers sold a draft of fishes with the net though was drawn the golden meteborde that was in Appolyn delphicus temple And because of that board there fill strif among hem and the Fysshers said that they had sold the fissh that was taken And the mightier said that fortune had bought the bargain Than for wonder and novelte of this doing me axed counseyl and reed of Appolyn delphicus and he deemed that the board should be yeven to the wyseste man Than the board was yeven to Salon and he sent it to bias and Bias yaf it to phitacus and so fro one to other till it was yeven to Salon again Tho salon hallowed the board to appolyn/ Os●e elaes son slough Phasee the king of Israel and reigned for him nine year And when the nine year were done the folk of israel were brought in to servage. that time myda the rich king reigned in Frigia   

¶ Ezechias ¶ Capitulum 34  
EZechias was the fourteenth king of juda. in his second year the Cyte Siracusana and in his third year the cyte Catina in Scicilia were build ¶ The king of Babylon worshipped this Ezechias with yeftes·s For he had herd tell that the son that they worshipped in stead of god· had turned ayene atte prayer of Ezechias/ And so he understood that the son had done the king great worship/ therefore he sent messengers with rich yefts/ and desired to know the reason and cause of that wonder·s Than Ezechias showed all his treasury ¶ Senacherib otherwise called Salmanasar was king of Caldees and overcome osee king of israel and besieged Samarya three year and gate it/ ¶ Also he took ten lygnages that is to say the seven other lygnages prisons in to the hills of medes besides the River gothan/ Girald that is beyond the hills of caspy where Alysaunder encluded and closed twey foul manner people gog & magog/ Antecrist when he cometh shall deliver these people and bring 'em out/ Also the jews abiden this antecrist and believe that he is Messiah that is crist/ Petrus in the first taking in to servage of the three lygnages ¶ Me troweth that Tobye was taken and left with king Osee prysonner in Nynyve his story was fulfilled under manasses Ezechias sonne· owther atte most the xx year of josias the king/ Than the king of Assyryes brought men of diverse lands in to Samaria to keep the land of Israel/ And they for dread of lions that were cruel & styerne weren made holder's of the law of jews and cleped Samarite and samaritanis that be keepers. they be cleped also chutei and jacobites that be supplanters but they left not her maumetrye· Romulus died when he had reigned xxxix year/ as it is said bifore/ and the Senators ruled the comyns of Rome the space of an year and half and space of time was called Inttempus as it were a time between Numa pompilus began to regne· among the Romans and reigned four and forty yere· This numa had no battle with men that dwelled about him he ordained to the Romans laws and good living For they seemed rather by custom of batayls thieves and tyrants lawless This deseryved or departed the year without ready. acomptes in ten months/ Hugo capitulo janus ¶ For the Romans as the hebrews bigan her year fro the month of march unto the time▪ of this pompilus but he put januar and februare to the beginning of the yere· and so the year left among the Romans incorrecte unto julius Caesar'S time/ Eutr· Numa ordained ornaments and serymonyes and all worships of god's bishops dyvynes and mars preestes and other mynystres of priesthood every by due order and forboden days and other He yaf a temple to god janus and another with fire to the goddess vesta & her maidens to be worshipped that the light should be warden of Emperye and wake and shine to the likeness of stars of heaven And numa said that he had all these to the keeping of the noble goddess/ Also he build the capitoyl and rered it from the first fundement he ordained penny to his people & cleped moyses book of the law & destroyed mawmetrye with the high places Trevisa High places be templis that were in groves upon high totes or hills to worship mawmettis in Than followeth in the story This josias brent the bones of false propheter and of false preestes that worshipped and served falls god's/ And held the Easter-Day in mind of passage through the reed see. And atte last he fought with pharaoh nechao king of Egypte & was slain and left after him three sons Elyachym otherwise called jeconias joathas otherwise called sellum and mathani as otherwise called Sedechias ¶ Ancus marcius the fourth king of Romans Numaes' nephew born of his daughter bygan to regne and reigned twenty-three year ¶ This Ancus for the grace that he saw in tarquinius priscus/ made him warden of his he ires but he quite it full evil/ jeremyas was Elchias the bishops son & began to prophecy and prophesied xlj year unto the destroyeng of the cyte without that time that be prophesied in Egypte This jeremyas saw three tokenynges a yerde waking a crock brenning and his own bregyrdel y rooted besides the river of eufrates. he made the lamentations for the death of josias king of juda/ Also that woman olda and sophonias the prophet prophesied of them & is made mind in the book of kings Tarqvinius priscus the fifth king of Romans reigned seven and thyrtty year This priscus doubled the number of Senators/ he ordained games and plays and made walls and vises and other strong places and privy and at last Ancus son that was his precessour slough him ¶ Titus ● When ancus was deed he sent traytously ancus sons an hunting for he would himself be ordained king in the mean time Also he cheese Servius Tullius to wed his daughter and to be his heir after him. therefore Ancus sons conspired against him & hired heerdes to slay him/ therefore the heerdes feigned a plea. & as it were to have a rightful doom they appeled to the king In the which cause and plea while the king took heed to that one/ that other heerde slough him/ joathas josias myddel son when his father was deed & his elder brother forsaken was ordained by the people king of juda & reigned three months/ as it were from the first day of januar to the first day of averel ¶ Pharaoh Nechao king of Egypt lad him bound in to Egypt and made his elder brother Elyachym king and Trybutarij to the king of egypte and cleped him joachym in token of subjection Than this elyachym that was so cleped joachym reigned eleven year and lived atte worst for he slough urias the prophet and prisoned jeremye and brent baruchiss book   

¶ Nabugodonosor ¶ Capitulum 36  
THe great nabugodonosor began to regne in Babyloyne/ & reigned xxxiij year and overcome the king of Egypt and occupied the land from the river of egypt to the river eufrates & was lord of all Syria without judea/ josephus li/ 10 ca/ ● Saith that this nabugodonosor in the fourth year of his reign went in to judea that is the Iewrye & wan  & took Ioach●m prisonner & made him trybutary & left him in the way netheles he took with him prisoners noble children that were descended of kings. Anania/ Azarias misael and danyel and lad them with him in to babilon with the vessel of the temple/ ¶ Fro that time forward this king Nabugodonosor was Emperor of caldea of siria of egypt and of judea that is the jewry Petrus Under that tempest and teone. the rachabites jonadab/ Rachabs' sons children that followed her father bests and commandments and dranc no win ne set wines ne sew seeds they went tho in to Ierlm to save 'em self/ joachym the king herd tr●le that the king of egypt would eft fight against nabugodonosor and denied him tribute that he had promised him Therefore nabugodonosor was wroth and went and took jerusalem and killed all the strong men and joachim the king also and threw 'em without the walls unburied and crowned. there his son jeconias king ¶ R Here we shall yeve credence to jerom that saith there w●re twey jeconias One in the end of the forne fourteen generations and another in the beginning of the other fourteen generations and so it may seem that the comune lettre of matthew is full scars for unlearned men to understand There he saith josias gate joconias and his brethren in the transmygration of babyloyne for it should be continued in this manner that mean and unlearned men might understand ¶ josias begat jechonias and jechonias And jochonias gate salatiel & either jechonias was called joachym so saith josephus and the text must be understand in this manner. in to the transmygration that is about the time of the time of the transmygration Trevisa The transmigration of Babyloyne was the taking of the folk of Israel in to bondage in to babyloyne/ Petrus/ On. the body of the elder joachim that was so thrown without the walls/ were found lettres and figures against the law of god and the name of the mawmett codonasia that he worshipped josephus li· 10 ca/ 8 jechonias otherwise called joachym/ joachis son was made king by Nabugodonosor & reigned but three months that was unto the month of juyl For nabugodonosor dread hym·s lest he would have mind of his father death and hold with the egypcians against him/ therefore he nabugodonosor/ turned ayene & besieged jerusalem/ And the king jechonias by counsel of jeremye yield him wilfully with his mother and all his household to nabugodonosor/ and so this jechonias was taken prysonner and two ·M/ princes with seven thousand crafts men among the which were mardocheus & ezechiel that was yet a child of the blood of preestes and so this jechonias otherwise called joachym left in prison in caldea xxxvij year till nabugodonosor was deed and his son nabugodonosor also & enylmerodach nabugodonosors other son took him out of prison Petrus 144 ¶ From this transmygration that was made the echt year of the regning of Nabugodonosor some reckoneth three score and ten of the bondage of jews. but properly to speak these that yield 'em wilfully be cleped the transmigration and other that weren y taken afterward against her will be called prysonners and bondage Mathanias josias third son was ordained king of nabugodonosor. but he was sworn that he should serve him tributary & was also called sedechias and reigned xj yere· josephus li. 10 ca 9/ Ezechiel began to prophecy & prophesied in babylon to 'em that were in bondage aft that they had taken the ople of jeremye the prophet out of the land of juda & this ezechiel sent his ꝓphecie in to Ierlm/ but the king sedechias trowed not his ꝓphecies for him seemed that the ꝓphecies of Jeremy & of ezechiel were not according/ For all the Prophecies acorded that jerusalem should be taken and that the king should be led away prisonner in to babyloyne· But it seemeth that they discorded in that that Ezechiel said that Sedechias should not see Babyloyne ¶ Netheles their saying were true of both· For when nabugodonosor took Zedechias he put out his eyen in reblatha and lad him so in to babylon stark· blind ¶ Salon one of the seven wise men did away the old dragon's laws and gaf his own laws to men of athene/ R. Of this salon speaketh seint austin de ci/ d/ li. 2/ ca 16· Agellus spekith more openly li/ 11. & trogus pomp li· ●/ in this manner In salons time men of Athene had no law for every of them had liking of rengning in stead of law at last sa●on a man of great rightwysenesse was elect and choose that went so rightfully between the people & the senators that he had thank on either side· Val/ li/ 8/ ca· 7/ This at his last end day when his friends came/ about him & talked/ he arered & lift up his heed & bihelde 'em/ one axed 'em why he did so/ he answered & said/ what ever it be that you talk of when I have understanden it/ than I shall die Danyel the prophet expouned Nabugodonosor the king's sweven ¶ Here take heed that Danyel see ten sights/ three under Nabugodonosor three under balthasar the seven & the viij under darius/ the ix & the tenth under cirus· Netheles other prophets long before the taking of Iherusalem & of the people prophesied of the taking. and so did ysaias osee michias and other when the taking was toward and while it was in doing and so did sophonias jeremyas· & Ezechiel and some during the taking and the bondage as Danyel abacu● and some afterward as Aggeus and Zacharyas Yet some understand that danyel saw that sight the fyf and thyrtty year of Nabugodonosors reign Nabugodonosor besieged Iherusalem for tribute. was werned him ¶ The king of Egypt arrayed him and went out as though he would have broken the siege ¶ Therefore Nabugodonosor went from the siege and chased the king of Egypt out of Syria ¶ And therefore prophets sons and false prophets scorned jeremyas and said/ the babilon shall not torn again as thou seydest & prophecidest/ but jeremyas seid the contrary and therefore he was first put in prison and than in a lake in slime unto the throat/ ¶ Than the same year the tenth month Nabusardan prince of chivalry of Babyloyne· besieged  & the cite was closed three months & for great hunger women eat her own children to the measure of a span/ That year the iiij month the king was taken in the dawing in the way of wilderness & brought to nabugodonosor in reblatha there his eyen were put out & he was bound & led in to babilon & there was yeven to him a laxatif drink in presence of the king & of all the fist & for shame he died son aft/ Also that year that was the nineteeen year of nabugodonosor nabusardan brent the temple & house of Ierlm & destroyed the walls and took away the vessel with the pilers & took the men prisoners and took jeremyas out of prison. Netheles nabugodonosor let jeremias dwell with godolia and he let the rachabytes go free and so the temple was brent four honderd and four and thyrtty year after that it was build so written he brews/ But more verily ysidorus and the seventy written iiij·s/ C/ and four and forty year After the bylding of Rome an honderd year three score and one ¶ The fourth age of the world endeth from the beginning of the kingdom of david to this taking of Iherunsalem and of the jews that is cleped the transmygration This transmygration and taking was done the xj year of Sedechias in the month of august and dured four honderd year three score and thryttene sex months and ten days. by sextene generations/ Netheles matthew by cause of some prive meaning setteth fourten generations but ysidorus and the seventy tellen that this age contained four honderd year four score & three And in case this discording of years happeth for the common translation saith that Amon reigned two year and some seyne that he reigned xij year Therefore if the xiij year that the kingdom of juda was without king after the death of amasias be put to these years. than the years of this fourth age shul be iiij C/ lxxx and xuj   
¶ Explicit liber secundus/   

¶ Incipit Liber tercius  
THe fifth age of the world began from the transmygration of the jews and the brenning of the temple that was done the· xj/ year of sedechias/ Therefore who that will reckon seventy year of the prysonning and bondage of jews from this xj/ year of sedechias as Eusebius died by authority of Zacharye. the prophet/ than he shall end this seventy year in the second year of darius Itapsis sonne· but it seemeth that josephus & jeroms gloze reckon these seventy year from thee/ xiij· year of josias the king in the which year jeremias began to ꝓphecie unto the first year of Cyrus but redyly to account the seventy years that enden in the third year or in the last year of cirus be ꝓprely the years of taking & bondage of the jews/ but the years that end in the second year of darius be ꝓprely the years of the full transmygration & of the destroying of the temple/ Petrus 154/ The men of juda dread the face of nabugodonosor for the death of godolyas whom they had slain. therefore they went with their children & cataill in to egypt & jeremias went with them· against her will And for he prophesied always that they that went in to egypt at that time should be destroyed/ therefore they stoned him to death the fourth year of that transmygracion· Netheles the egypcians worshipped the prophet & buried him besides the buriels of kings/ for he had with his prayers driven away the eddres & cocadrilles from the egypcians/ Trevisa A cocadrille is a four footed be'st that liveth both in water & in land & is cominly xx cubet long with claws & teeth strongly armed/ his skin is so ha●d that he rekketh not of strokes of hard stones. he rested by day in water & by night in land/ the cocadrylle alone among beests moveth the over jaw so saith ysidore/ Than it followeth in the story/ Also the prophet yave a token to the kings of egypt that her manmettes sholden fall when a maid had born a child· therefore the preestes of misbilevid men ordained 'em an image of a maid with a child & worshipped it in a privy place within the temple· Also this jeremias known that the temple should be destroyed & took the shrine of the testament with all that was therein & made it through his prayers be swallowed in to a stone between the hills of wilderness where moses & aaron been buried/ & he marked the stone with his finger & written therein gods own name/ & from that time hidderto & to the worlds end the stone is hid with a cloud/ so that the place may not be known neither that name of god may not be redde· Me saith that at first arising atte day 〈◊〉 doom moyses and aaron shall bring that shrine and 〈◊〉 on the hill Syna. there the holy hallows shul be gathered to 〈◊〉 the ayene ● going of god The king nabugodonosor the 〈◊〉 year of his kingdom went down in to Syria and made subget 〈◊〉 him an● and moab and overcome egypt and slough the king of Egypte and ordained there another king/ ¶ Also atte last the jews that he found there he lad in to babilon/ Nabugodonosor the second year of his kingdom met the sweven of the image of/ iiij manner things made and was full sore afeard This second year is not accounted from the first beginning of his kingdom but from his great kingdom when he had made subget other nations about and brought the relyef of Israel and of juda out of Egypte/ that year befell the second sight and vision of daniel of the angel that delivered the· children out of the oven ¶ That year befell the thyrdde vision that is cleped the kings pistle. in the which he telleth that he was himself bitokened by the tree that was y seen And atte last for his pride he should be shapen before as an ox and bihind as a lion not by changing of body but by changing of disposition of wit and of seeming and that he should eat hay as an ox till seu●● times were turned in to seven months atte prayer of daniel ¶ Petrus 16 ¶ After the which time he was changed in to his own shape ayene but he reigned no more· but he ordained seven jugges for himself and did penance unto seven years end/ and eat no breed ne flesh/ · ne dranck no win but eat herbs and pottage by counseyl of daniel ¶ servius tullius the sixth king of Romans come after tarquinius priscus and wedded his doughder and reigned four & twenty years ¶ Eutr libro primo This was a noble woman's son that was taken· He yafe three hills to the Cyte of Rome Quirinalis equilinus and viminalis and made ditches about the cyte. this ordained first personale tribute to the Romans/ ¶ In his time were founden eight honderd thousand and s●uen thousand burges in Rome Titus ¶ This had married his daughter tullia to one tarquinius superbus. she made her own husband to conspire with the comynte of Rome and the Senators for to slay her own father. Therefore this tarquinius met with the king upon a time and threw him down of a stair and so the king was sore hurt and went homeward/ and was slain by the way of men that tarquinius had hired to do that false deed And Tullia the kings daughter herd hereof and took her char & went to great her husband that was made new kyng·s and by the way she lad her char over her father body ¶ Ezechiel the Prophet was to drawn with horses in ●aldea by the doing of 'em that were left of the lygnages of dan and of gad/ and that for he had warned 'em that they should not come ayene to Iherusalem ¶ Also that year he saw sights and visions of the newing of the temple josephus libro decimo capitulo undecimo  

¶ Capitulum secundum/  
AFter the great Nabugodonosor his son Nabugodonosor reigned in Babyloyne ten year/ he put moche more to his father Royalte ¶ For Megasten in libro judiciorum saith that in strength and great deeds he passed hercules And he destroyed Libya and hiberia and pulled and drough out of places great stones as it were hills and set there trees and made there an Orchard that was cleped suspensilis/ that his wyf might st●●de in that Orchard and see home in to her own country where she was born and she was darius doughter· Darius was astrages son Astrages heet assuerus also ¶ Also this king besieged Tirus three year and three months R Nethehes Marcianus speaketh not of this second nabugodonosor but he saith that evil marodoth and Balthasar were brethren ¶ That time were in their flowers Anaximander and Anaximines' Philosophres tales disciples Petrus 162 ¶ This Nabugodonosors brother Enylmerodach began to regne when his brother was deed and anon he took joachiin king of juda out of prison that had be in prison & in bands seven and thyrtty year and he set his throne above all kings trones that were with him in babilon/ he did him this grace & mercy· ffor his brother nabugodonosor in the time of his father meschyef had do many evil deeds/ and when his father was restored ayene· to his own shap· he put his brother Enylmerodach in prison that was accused to his father/ And joachim was there in prison unto the death of the second Nabugodonosor ¶ Therefore this enylmerodach when he began to regne took joachym out of prison for he dread jest his father would rise from death to live as he was sometime turned fro the shape of a be'st in to the shap of mankind ¶ And by counsel and loore of this joachim/ he took out of the earth his father's body and cut it in an honderd pieces & deled the pieces to an honderd vultures for to ete· For joachim said his father should never rise ere all the vultures come together ¶ This enylmerodach had three sons one beyght egessarius & regusar that other height labo sardachus & the third height nabar and Balthasar to him fill the kingdom Petrus 169/ ¶ In this enylmerodaches ●●me was Suzanna accused that is not in danyels book of hebrew/ but is cleped a fable not for feigning that is therinne but for somewhat false is rade therinne of the preestes that they were stoned to death For Jeremy saith that they were brent in fy●e ¶ Also for we say that it was written of danyel and natheles it was written of one that was of Grece· and that seemeth well by some manner according of/ words that be not in hebrew   

¶ Capitulum 3  
BAlthasar reigned in caldea and in Babyloyne in his first year daniel saw his iiij sight of the iiij winds in the see that is four angels of the four beestes. Of the lion the bear the pardus and the boor that is of the four chief kingdoms of the world and of the ten horns that is of the other ten small kyngedoms that sprung out of the fourth beeste· and should be subdued of a little horn that is Antecrist Petrus 163 ¶ This antecriste unworthy of the lineage of dan. shallbe born of the seed of father and of mother in a dark place of Babylone and after that he is conceyned an evil spirit shall light in to his mothers womb and by virtue of him the child shall afterward be yned born and waxed and be cleped the child of loss dr of losing And three of the first ten horns be smitten of his face that is to say he shall slay first three kings of thylk ten the king of Africa the king of Egypte & the king of ethyopia & then the other seven kings shall yield them to that falls vyctour antecrist· He shall have wonder wit and cunning for by wytchecrafte he shall worche wonders and find treasure that is hidde· He shall circumside him and clepe himself messias that is cast jews shall fall to him and he shall build the temple ayene and set his throne therinne/ he shall torn men to him with dread with yefts and with wonder works that he shall worche/ He shall slay Enoc & hely he shall grieve god almyghties holy people that shall be bitaken unto his hand unto the time and times and half a time that is unto a year and two years and half a yere·  
¶ And Remigius saith that Antecrist shall feign him deed and arise again But atte last criste shall slay him owther by his own hecst or by service of saint michael tharchangel ¶ And jeronimus super danielem says that Antecrist shall be slain in his own tent in the monut of Olyvete where crist ascended in to heaven And Remygius saith that crist shall not come unto the doom till Antecrist be slain but men that shall be saved shall have fyf and forty days for to do penaunce· Therefore take heed that though it be written in mathewe & in marc. 13/ that no man knoweth that hour but the father alone/ yet god's son knoweth itfor he is the same god that is the father. But therefore it is said that he knoweth it not for he maketh not us know it that be his limbs and holy church her in earth ¶ It is not spedeful to us to know that day Austyn in glosa saith/ The last day is unknown to us for we sholden bewar of all and so we shulden live always as though we sholden be deemed to day· or to morrow Trogus libro secundo ¶ About that time at Athene after the death of salon the wise one Phisistratus botte himself that he bledde and said that the great maystres hadden beaten him so for love that he had to the people and comyntee ¶ Therefore were many knights assigned to keep him and he reigned at athene four and thyrtty year Pol libro octavo ¶ The wyf of this egged him for to slay one that had kysshed his daughter. in the high way and he answered and said. if we 〈◊〉 them that loven us what shall we do to 'em that haten us/ ¶ Daniel saw the fifth sight and visyon of the whether or sheep that had horns not all like/ that is to understand of the kingdom of medes and of perses and of good buck that is the great Alysander that was dread and bytokened by that buk and on him grew four horns that were his successors One little horn that is Anthyochus epyphanus come of one of the four horns for he come of Selencus that was sometime plegge and prysonner at Rome/ but he escaped thence and went and warred in the kingdom and defowled the temple. The sixth sight of daniel was when Balthasar with his concubines drank of the vessel of the temple of our lord· the which vessel his grauntsyre the gre●e nabugodonosor had krought out of Iherusalem· Balthasar saw an hand write before him on the wall these words/ Mane techil Phares/ that is to understand number wight and dealing which daniel expouned and said god hath told & numbered thy kingdom that is now fulfilled/ For the first thou art weyen in a balance and founden that thou hast lass that is thou livest lass while than thou wendest For the second· thy kingdom is deled from the and yeven to the perses ¶ for the third than the same night Cyrus and darius come and took the cyte babylon and slough balthasar Oracius when Cirus had won the eeste lands and come toward Babyloyn/ the river Eufrates let him and a bold knight and a fair that the king loved well adventured him in to the water and was drowned Than the king was sorry and wroth and made his avow/ that he would make that great River so shalde without depnesse that the water should not come to women's knees/ that would wade over Therefore in the broad fields he departed the river in four honderd and three score channels and so destroyed the river that was wont to run through the myddel of Babyloyne and so enemies went in and took the cyte that me would ween might not be build ne destroyed by man's deed ¶ Petrus 165/ Somme write that Balthasars' mother for whom the orchard suspensilis was made was darius daughter and for Balthasar had no son darius Cyrus came socyed and joined to Cyrus. occupied that kingdom Petrus 166 ¶ When Balthasar was slain/ Darius' turned the kingdom of Babyloyne and of caldea to the perses and medes That year befallen the seventh vysion of danyel/ For danyel sued darius till he was done and put in to the pytte of lions in medea for that he worshipped god And the same year befell the echt avision of danyel for the Angel gabryel certefyed him of the final taking and bondage coming by the Romans ¶ And of the coming of Crist after seventy weeks of yeres·s For Gabryel said seventy short weeks be upon thy people/ that be weeks set not of days but of years. So that one week contained seven year ¶ And he said short weeks For we should understand years of the moan/ and not of the son For a year of the moan is shorter by xj days than an year of the son Trevisa ¶ A year of the son is from a day of the year to the same another year but an year of the moan is from prime in a month of the year to· the first prime in the same month of another year & that will be eleven days rather in the second year than in the first year/ Ensample when prime goth by one than fallyth the prime the three and twenty day of january and the next year after it shall fall the xij day of january. And that is eleven days rather Than it sueth in thistory/ Than seventy weeks of years of the son maketh four honderd year four score and ten/ Beda reckoneth this seventy weeks of years of the Moon from the twenty year of Artaxzerses the king that year neomyas had leave and build the temple unto the xviij year of Tiberius' cezar/ that year crist suffered death Affrycanns history acordeth with bede touching the beginning but he endeth the seventy weeks in the xv year of Tiberius Cesar in that year crist was baptized. ¶ Tercullianus rekene●h this years from the first year of Darius. that year was god's word showed to danyel till titus destroyed the temple. ¶ The ix avysyon of Danyel was of a man clothed in linen whose body was of Crisolitus/ And the tenth sight was of the after following of the kings of pierce and of king Alysaundres successors and of antecrist ¶ Danyel saw the third year of cyrus king of pierce R It is uncertain how long daniel lived but nethles me readeth in the first chapyt●e of his book that he dured unto the first year of Cyrus   

¶ Capitulum quartum  
AFter the death of darius of media that was made assuerus either Astyages son Cirus held the hole kingdom of the Este and set his see in percia though the kingdom of Media were more worshipful for the men of Percia had advanced him to be king/ This Cyrus was darius sister son and Astyages daughter son● ¶ Trogus libro primo ¶ Astyages otherwise called assuerus had but one daughter & he met in his sleep that a vine sprang out of his daughters prive chose/ and byspradde al· Asia ¶ Than dreeme readers expowned this swe●● and said that his daughter should have a child that should be lord of asia and put him out of it Than the king dread and gave his daughter to a simple knight that was privily born for his daughter should bear no noble child/ And also when his daughter was with child he took her to him and when the. child was born. he betook it to one Arpagus that was his secretary for he should slay the child. And he trowed that the kingdom should sometime fall to the kings daughter/ and bitoke the child to an heerd that kept the kings beestes/ and commanded him to ley the child in a wood there to be devoured/ And when the heerde had laid the child in the wood he told his wyf thereof which was lighter of child the same time and she prayed that he would fet the child to her and she would nowrysshe him and that he would leye her own son in the wood for him/ And when the herd came to the child he found a bitch yeving it sowke and kept it from beestes and fowls ¶ Petrus 173 And when the child was brought to the herds wyf/ it made to her good semblant as though it had known her/ and she named the child spartatus that is a welpe in the language of pierce And when the child was of age and strength and that he couth go about and play with children his play feres called him Cyrus and made him her king in plays and he chastysede sore them that were rebel to his heestes wherefore the father of the childre were aggreved and compleyned to king Astyages on the heerdes' son. than the king sent after the child. and axed why he fir so with the children. he answered boldly and said that he did so as a king should The king wondered that the child was so bold and so stydfast and took heed that the child had signs and tokenes of a king/ and he took the herd a side privily and learned the sooth all how it stood ¶ Netheles the dread of his nephew was aslaked for he trowed that the meaning of his dream readers was·s fulfilled in the kingdom of children Therefore to the same man Arpagus· to whoome he had rather bytake the child to slay he bytoke tho him to nouryssh and to feed/ & told him that that child was the herds sone· but he made arpagus privily eat his own child/ for he had broken his heeste and when he he ha' d eten his child than he told him all/ It befell that astyages made this Arpagus leder of his host for to were against his enemies of pierce and the king left himself in media ¶ Than Arpagus bythought him and had in mind of that evil deed that the king had done him and conseyled thost to cheese cyrus and make him the king of Perses and than they cleped 'em Cyrus as they would mean though astyages strive this shall be heir ¶ Trogus libro primo In the mean time Arpagus sent a letter to Cyrus that he should have mind how he savede him and lost h●s own child for love of him ¶ Arpagus might not send this letter openly for the king. therefore he took out the bowels of an hare and put the letter within the hare. and for the fraud should not be known he sent it on a day as it were venison And when the letter was red. Cirus was warned in his sleep that the first man that he met erly on the morrow he should take him with him on his way/ Than erly on morrow he met one Sebar that was escaped out of prison and was born in pierce/ He died of his gives and lad him with him to persipol there he gathered the people and bade 'em hew down a greet wood and made 'em a greet feast a morrow/ And when he saw them mury and well at ease with meet and drink he axed 'em whether hem were liefer the travail of the rather daye· owther the feeste of that day Than Cyrus said who that followeth the medes he shall have the travail of yist●rdaye and they that follow me shall have such feestes/ Than anon he arrayed 'em to battle against Astyages Petrus 173/ ¶ Than Astyages dread sore and made his cousin darius to be his son adoptiws. and when the bataylls came together and began to fight cyrus & perses began for to flee. than her wives and her moders came fast against hem and showed hem her pryvee choses and axed of 'em will you creep in to your mothers womb & be born ayene/ than the men were a shamed and turned suddenly ayene and fell on her enemies & hadden the victory Cyrus bore him to astyages as his nephew after the victory. and not as his vyctor for be granted him the kingdom of hircans while he lived. and he granted the kingdom of medes to his ●ame darius as to his mother brother and hoped that it should torn to him again ¶ Petrus 174 ¶ Cyrus when he had herd ysayas prophecy that was wryton of him an honderd year and twenty bifore· in this manner to my crist whose right hand I have take etc/ he delivered the jews the first year of his kingdom and made free nigh fifty thousand men and restored 'em the holy vessels of gold/ and of silver five thousand and three honderd and gave 'em leave to go again and build the temple in Iherusalem ¶ Aggeus me●ued hem most thereto that was tho young & not yet a prophet and also Zacharias the prophet moved him/ that blessed salatiels son and cleped him Zorobabel that is to say master of babylon ¶ But for many of 'em in caldea & hadden there possession and wives and childre hem was the loather to go thence and abiden unto the thyrdde year of Cirus   

¶ Capitulum 5  
DAnyel prayed. to god for the delyveranre of the people and darius king of medes the first year of his kingdom purposed to deliver the people but he died son and he fulfilled it not· Therefore Cyrus the first year of his kingdom yafe the jews the same leave but the people was slow therefore danyel prayed god that as he had yeven the king will to deliver the people that he would yeve the people will for to wend homeward again ¶ Petrus 174 ¶ Than the third year of Cyrus the jews wenten under Zorobobabel the duke and under johan the greet priest and this was the lxx year of the bondage and taking so saith josephus and jeroms gloze upon Ezechiel/ that time was from the/ xiij/ year of josias the king to the thyrdde year of Cyrus though eusebius in his Cronyque by authority of Zacharie the prophet saith that the second year of darius itapsis son was the lxx year of this taking and bondage Netheles it may be determined in this manner The second year of darius was lxx year of the fifth age of the world and of the destroyeng of the temple· But the thyrdde year of Cyrus was the lxx year of the first taking that was done the xiij year of josias the king Than the jews went hoome again and laid the fundament of the temple and the Samarytans herd thereof and came to hem and asisted 'em to build the temple for they worshipped all one god and had understand moyses books The jews answered and seyden though we worship one god· netheles it falls not us to byld one house/ Therefore the samaritans were wroth/ & let her werk with suggestions and with yefts unto the second year of darius Itapsis son ¶ Orosius libro primo In king Cyrus' time Phalaris a tyrant of Scicilia punished men oft rightfully/ though he were himself unrightfull ¶ Than one Parilius a crafts man of brass desired to please the tyrant and made him a brazen bowl with a door in the riyhtsyde/ where men that were damped should go in to the bull for to be tormented and when they were within and the door closed and fire made there under the noise and cry of 'em that were tormented should pass by diverse wyndinge and tornynge so that it should seem grisly roaring of booles and of beestes/ and not man's groaning But Phalaris the tyrant was weal apaid with the deed an● wroth with the doer and made him first essay the torment that he had wickedly brought up to torment other men and punished the crafts man by the craft that he had founden ¶ That year befell that that me readeth of Croesus the rich king of Liddus: For when Cyrus werred against the babylon's Cresus king of lyddes help the babylons but he was overcomen and fled/ And when the Babylon's were sessed Cyrus took Croesus and died by him great worship. and that turned to either of them great profit ¶ For the strength that come out of grece to were against cyrus turned again for the curtosye that was done to cresus ¶ This Croesus had a daughter that height/ Fanatica which had a spyryt of prophecy/ and ever counseylled her father to leave the war/ wherefore cresus axed counsel of gods that beguiled him with a verse and a word of double understanding Cyrus alym pass shall/ And then kingdoms many lose Therefore Croesus was rebel against Cyrus and was taken the thyrdde time Petrus 176 ¶ Cyrus smote Croesus besides the river Alim and brought the lyddes. that were noble men of Arms by sleght to wrechednes and sleuth/ For when they had lost her horses and their armure he made 'em to use taverns pleyes iapes and nice crafts with common women and strompettis and evil living men/ And in this manner as it were showing love and good will he overcome by liking and lechery hem that he might not overcome by battle/ And so the kingdom of lyddes faylled that had stand two honderd year and one and thyrtty ¶ Trogus libro primo ¶ There had be noble kings of lyddes but none so gracious as Candalus that lovede his wyf to moche by cause of her beautee/ and would speak of her and praise her to all manner men and at last he showed her naked to one Gygy that was his own fellow/ By that deed he made his fellow a spouse breaker and his own enemy And therefore he lost both his kingdom and his wyf   

¶ Eutropius ¶ Capitulum 6  
THe seventh and the last king of the Romans had three names Lucius tarquinus and Superbus/ He slough his wives father Servius tullius and reigned five and twenty yere· This found up first diuse manner torments among the Romans as bands boleyerdes plates bats prisons gives chains out lawing and exiling/ he overcome the vultes and the gabyes & made peace with the tuscans/ Augustinus de ca/ li 2 ca 14· at last he build a temple of jupiter in the hill carpelus & for they found a man's heed in that place while they· digged they cleped that place capitolium/ wherefore their prophets & dyvynes told that that place should be heed of the world· Titus' lius/ & augus de ci li· 1. ca 19· Sometime while this tarquinus superbus besieged the Cyte ardea that was rebel to Rome/ his son tarquinus sextus and lucrecias husband tarquinus collatinus sat at soper and talked of the chastity of her wives/ let be quod collatinus· & let their own deeds praise our wives/ therefore as it were by assent they came by night to Rome and found lucrecia all one waking about will work and other men's wives were a sleep and some about gyglotrye· wherefore Sixtus tarquinus waited his time and was lodged with lucrecia in gestwyse· and came upon her while she slept with his sword drawn to lig by her maugre her teth And said but thou suffer me lie by the I shall put a naked churl deed withthe in bed. and thou shalt lig deed with him also/ Than when this sextus had done that deed the woman went her weigh sorrowfully/ and sent to her father and husband and prayed them to come home out of the host & informed them the mishap that her was bifalle· & they gave faith and credence to her messagier and she took wretch of the deed and slough herself before hem with a prive knyf that she bar● ¶ R wisemen here say that lucrecia here slough not herself· for no virtue but for shame & for anger for neither man ne woman should be punished without guilt/ neither guilt without jug/ But for the Romans covet most praising of men & worldly worship This lucrecia had dread if she lived after that deed jest the people would ween that she were assenting to the deed/ And therefore in token that she was sorry thereof/ in conserving her good loos and name and in a voiding the despite. and in example of good women he would no longer live/ Of this hap speaketh a dytour or retrition as saint austyn de ci li 1 ca 19 toucheth tweyn there were and one broke spousage/ Eutr. By cause of this deed the people gathered together/ and put down and deposed his fader· from his kingdom/ and exiled him and his children ¶ The host that was with the king at Ardea forsook tarquinus the king And when the king came to rome and fond the yates closed against him/ he and his childre went away/ After that kings were put out of the Cyte and two consuls were ordained to govern the comontee. that were junius brutus and tarquinus collatinus lucrecias husband but oer the years end lucrecias husband was put out of his office of consul for hate of his name because he was called tarquinus For the/ Romans would that no man that bore that name should bear offyce in the cyte ● neither dwell therein/ And that in despite of the spouse breaking that tarquinus sextus had done R Austyn de/ ci/ de/ li/ 2/ ca/ 14/ & .15/ saith that lucrecias husband was put out of his offyce within the year by fraud of his fellow that other consul· Augustinus/ li. 3 ca/ 14 & Titus/ When Tarquinus was so put of he sent messagiers in to the cyte and his messagiers had prive counsel with the sons of brutus the consul and with vicilles the brethren of brutus' wyf· The counseyl was that Tarquinus should be brought to his estate in the cyte again/ but this came out by a servant of the vycellyes/ and was known and told to the Senators/ Than brutus the consul did them to death everichone R Virgile speaketh hereof in fine sexti libri eneidis ¶ Euto. libro primo/ ¶ Than Tarquinus gathered help on every side and warred against the cyte for he hoped to be restored in that manner/ and in the encountering and fighting Brutus· the conseyll and Arnus tarquinius slough either other and tarquinus fought thrice in three year against the Romans and was onerco men ¶ Therefore he went in to tusculus with his wyf and lived there fourteen year/ But the foresay brutus the consul/ was so pour when he died that he had no money to bury him with but as it was gathered among the people/ ¶ Petrus 176 & Trogus libro primo   

¶ Capitulum 7  
CIrus when he had won Asia· he intended to war against the Schites. there thanurus the queen of/ Shites & messagetes that be all one nation came against him/ Though she might have withstand his entry in to her land and all her enemies/ and have held 'em of atte passage of the river Arexes'/ Netheles she wilfully suffered them entre to have the esyer fighting within the land that she knew ¶ Also for the river hehind her enemies should let not them escape by flight/ Cyrus' set his pavylon within her land with great plente of meet and drink and feigned him to flee· and withdraw him as it were for dread ¶ The Queen had sent her young son with the thriddele of her host against Cyrus. and when he come to the deynteous meet and drink he was uncunning of chivalry and he and his men were rather overcomen with dronkenesse. than with deeds of Arms Than Cyrus came upon him and slough him. when the Queen heard thereof/ she wept not therefore/ But for solace and comfort she desired to take wretch/ and beguiled Cirus with such a manner gyle ¶ She as it were fleeing for her son that was new wounded drough Cyrus in to a narrow valeye between high hills and slough Cyrus and two honderd thousand of his men of pers·s so that not one escaped to bear home tidings ¶ The Queen bade smite of Cyrus' heed and throw it in a fflaket full of man's blood/ and despised him in this manner/ now fill thyself with the blood that hast ever desired & thus Cyrus was deed after that he had reigned nobly and ryally thrytty year and always done great deeds ¶ Petrus 178   

¶ Capitulum 8  
CAmbyses Cyrus' son reigned after his father/ Esdras clepeth him artarxerses & assuerus/ Netheles in the story of Judith he is called nabugodonosor In this cambyses time bifell that is red in thistory of judith/ Trogus 189. And no wonder though he were so cleped for his own father Cyrus called him nabugodonosor and while he was a live he made this cambises that was his own son to regne twelve year among the Assyryes in Ninyve. ¶ But atte last when his father was deed· he held the hole kingdom of the eest eight year This cambises suffered not the temple of Iherusalem to be build during all his time Also the first year of his hole kingdom he slough Arphaxath that would have reigned in Media/ while he would be worshipped in stead of god of Israel as he was overall judith the widow slough Olyfernes the prince of his host in the Siege of Bethulia the second year of his empire Than Cambyses the fifth year of his kingdom destroyed Egypte/ He forsook the usages thereof and destroyed the temple and build Babylonia in egypt/ And when he turned thence/ he died in Damask the viij year of his kingdom.  
Valerius libro sexto This cambyses made strike of the skin of a jug for he had yeven false juggement and made 'em to spread and to take/ it about the chair/ there as the jug should sytt in plea for to dame and made that jugges son jug in that place in stead of his father/ and made such versus to be wryton upon the chair sitting on this see/ justice look thou stydfast be/ Keep hand and eke eeres from yefts and from men's prayers/ Take lantern law/ light under skin to draw/ Thou sittist in place yet· where thy fornfader was set/ Trogus libro primo et Petrus decimo octavo   

¶ Capitulum 9  
AFter Cambyses one hermeydes that was one of the seven wise men that Rewled the kingdom of Perses wedded Cambyses daughter and made it as though he would not regne by the title of his wyf·s but as though he would have kept the kingdom to one Mergus Cambyses brother. that yet was a young childe· Netheles cambyses had slain before this mergus within the temple and no man wist thereof/ but this wiseman hermeydes·s ¶ After seven months of his kingdom this Hermeydes lying on his death bed and he had a fair youngling to brother ordained him king/ and said that that jongling was Mergus Cyrus' son and Cambyses brother. Such hiding of kings might lightly be done in Perse. For no man goth in to the kings of pierce but men of main/ One of the wisemen began to have suspection of this doing and had a daughter among the kings concubines & charged his daughter pryvely· that she should by night grope the kings heed and take heed if he had eeres/ And when it was known by the wench that the king had none eeres·s the seven. wise men conspired together & slough him/ & so these two brethren reigned scarcely one year/ than these seven wise men treated between 'em self which of hem should wed the kings dough● & be king of that kingdom than all they acorded that they should erly a morrow come in to a place of the palyce before the temple yates & whose horse neyde first he should be king by the showing of the gods/ Than one of hem darius I●apsis son spoke privily with the keeper of his horse and charged him that he should make his horse assaylle a mare that night in the same place/ where they should come to geders a morrow So it was done and when· the wisemen came to geders on the morrow anon darius horse began to neye for he had mind of the mare and so darius was made king and reigned six and thyrtty year   

¶ Capitulum 10  
DArius reigned over an honderd and seven and twenty provinces and Zorobabel Salatyels son was right familiar with him and had counseylled him oer he were king. that he should make his avow to god of Israel that if he were king he should restore the temple of god and yield the holy vessels again ¶ Therefore Zorobabel began boldly to build the temple and Zacharyas and aggeus the prophets comforted him 〈◊〉 thereto And said that god was wroth with hem by cause gods house was desolate and they dwelled in houses that were well build and sayden that it was a token of god's wrath that they sew moche and gathered lytil ¶ But the Princes of pierce that weren beyond the river letted the work of the temple ¶ Therefore Zorobabel went to darius and had great worship of him and slept in his own Chambre josephus lib●o undecimo ¶ The king put forth a redels' erly a morrow and axed of the three wardens of his body which quoth he is strengest of these thre· king wine or woman· And promised him yefts that gaf readiest answer The first said that the king is strengest of all for this skylle for a man is above all beestes and the king is above men and men doth all thing that he commandeth  
The second said that wine is strengest by this reason The king is not above other men but by strength of his wit and wine overcometh the strength of man's wit ¶ Zorobabel said a woman is stronger than either of the twain/ and women yeveth life and feeding to kings and to 'em that set wines. and when kings be comen to strength they jeopardy their life for women and he told that he saw a kings concubine yeve the king buffettis And when she lough the king lough and when she was wroth the king was wroth also Netheles he said Truth is stronger than all these three For all these be they never so fair so great and strong they shall pass and fail but sothnes and truth shall never die ne change but ever dure· this sentence pleased moor all men and the king granted him the vessels of the temple/ and licenced him to go and build the temple and gave him lettres of warrant that no man should let him Than the second year of darius ytapsis the eicht month the werk men wrought for to build the temple and fulfilled it the seventh year that was the six and forty year of the kingdom of perses from the first year of Cyrus/ when they had leave to build the temple ● And so it is sooth that is said in the gospel in six and forty year this temple was build When the temple was byld it was hallowed the twelve month that is in march ¶ And this is the second hallowing of the temple and was done in march Netheles the first halowiing in Salamons' time was done in harvest The thyrdde was done in winter in judas Machabeus time ¶ Petrus 182 Also this year the fire that was taken away of the Altar the first year of the taking in to bondage & hid in a pit it was found brenning/ Of the Shrine of the testament how and when the jews came there to it is uncertain  
¶ But if it be sooth that epyphanius that the shrine should not come out of the den of the stone where jeremyas had hid it till the day of doom ¶ Than it is sooth that the hebrews made another to the likeness of the old shrine that moyses made ¶ For it is red that among the prays that the Romans took out of the jewry they took the shrine of god a can delstyk and a meet board ¶ And so when the temple was full build in the month of March Aggeus and Zacharyas died ¶ This year kings were put out of Rome and consuls began to rule the comonte as it is said before/ ¶ And there were made twey consuls that if that one would outrage/ that other might refreyne And these twey consuls were choose and changed from year to year lest they would outrage if their offyce dured long time Titus ¶ After that Tarqvinius was put out of Rome the Romans hadden peace among hem self while Tarqvinius warred against hem ¶ But in the fifth year began strife between the greet Reu●ers. and the Comonte/ in this manner/ ¶ It was usage and customme among the Romans that warriors should were upon her own cost But though by cause that they warred oft they must borrow money of the greet Maystres. and of the Reulers of the Cyte. And the dettours that might not pay her money/ at her day they were put in prysonne/ ¶ And therefore began strife/ and the comynne people went three mile out of the cyte unto the hill mount sacer but at last peace was made upon such a condition that the people should have great masters and trybunes that should maintain and defend 'em against the great   

¶ Capitulum 11  
PIctagoras the philosopher died that tyme. Trogus li/ 22 This was of the nation of samia a rich merchants son call●d 〈◊〉 but pictagoras was well richer than his father for he might forsake more than his father might get. this went first in to Egypt & aft in to babilon to learn the course of the stars & to know the beginning of the world/ Thens he turned again in ● creta and lacedomonia for to know mynoys and ligurgus law ¶ Than he turned to the Cyte called Civitas Croconiorum that was all out of rule And there he was twenty year and taught there virtues and thews and taught their father and mother childre and old women every by himself and atte last he went to Mechapontus and died there Th●● same sentence is written of him pol libro septimo capitulo quarto ¶ But there is more put to in this manner pyctagoras with oft disputing brought about that old moders put away her noble array of gold and of other royalte as thaugh such 〈◊〉 were Instrumnet to lechery and therefore they died 'em away and offered 'em in the temple of juno Pyctagoras said that chastity is very ●oble array of 〈◊〉 modree● Three honderd youngmen were sworn together and lived in a felawship by 'em self as it were a company of privy conspyracy against him & tornned the Cyte against 'em self So that the people of the Cyte gathered 'em in to one house/ and would have brent 〈◊〉 and in that stryf were sixty deed and the other were exiled This pyctagoras was of greet authority in old time 〈◊〉 his opinion passed all other men's sentences Also it was y●ow to confirm any sentence if pyctagoras said so Val libro tercio capitulo sep●●mo ¶ They that herd him died him so greet worship that they said It is not lawful to make neither doubt ne question of loore that he had taught And me axed 'em any reason of saws that me said they yafe none other answer but that pyctagoras said so Isidorus libro primo saith that pyctagoras found first this letter/ Y· to the likeness of man's life Agel libro octavo capitulo octavo all the money that any of Pyctagoras company had it was openly put forth among hem and so the company was stydfast and true/ ¶ Also they that came to his loore axed busily of thews and of kind of casting of mouth and of semblant of array and shape of body ¶ Also he ordained covenable time to be still and to speak/ Hugo didascolus Pyctagoras had this manner by the seven sciences/ none of his scholars should before seven year ax●● reason ne skylle but busily herking what he sayde· And he should believe what the master said till that he had said and so than he might himself find skylle and reason Poen. libro septimo This Pyctagoras used so great contynence and abstinence that he eat neither fish ne flesh ¶ Also after his death men wondered so moche of him and his authority was so great that men made a temple of his house and worshipped him in stead of god and in caas took occasion of his sawe· For he said while he was on live that a philosophres house is an holy place of wit and of wisdom and very temple of god Also he taught men to believe that men's soul shall never die but live for evermore and for to have meed or pain after the deserving in their life netheles me saith that he brought wickedly the fable of a thousand year after the death ¶ jeronimus contra Ruffel Pyctagoras saith that souls after the death pass from body to body And virgilius sexto eveydis saith oft they begin to will to torn to body Tullius de natura deorum libro tercio/ When Pyctagoras fond new conclusion in geometry he woloffre an ●xe to the muses and that I trow was done for he would not offer to Appolyn delphicus. for he would not spring the Aucter with blood ¶ Trevisa ¶ 〈◊〉 is wonder to speak of the muses for some poetes feign that the muses were 〈◊〉 daughters of jupyter and of mind And some seyn that they were the daughters of meno and of tesbia ¶ Pol li 5 capitulo quarto Men of Athene brent Pyctagoras books and exiled 'em also for they doubted of her gods whether 〈◊〉 were sooth or no/ of somewhat that me spoke of her gods ¶ Agellus libro quinto When that Pyctagoras was young and was busy to gete spedeful man bearing of byrthens to gete his livelihood with/ he bore a byrthen of many ivy stalks bound in a short roop Democritus the philosopher met hym· and saw the youngling do speedily his deeds and had his byrthen bound as it were by craft of geometry and axed him who had bound that fagott I said Pyctagoras·s than he made him undo the byrthen and bind it again. And saith sith thou hast wit for to do well if thou would follow me thou shalt do well better deeds and he granted and learned of him philosophy Pol libro quinto One Auallius rich and young come to Pyctagoras for to learn parfyght manner of speaking and paid him half his money before oer be learned and that other half he should pay that day that he made plea before a jug and had the maystrye ¶ at last when he had cunning of speech he forsook his facunde and his cunning before pleders as me troweth for he would not pay that he owed to his master Pyctagoras took counsel and summoned him before jugges and began in this manner learn thou young fool that that I ask is debt to me by either way for if I overcome the in this cause than by right it is debt to me/ And if the doom is yeven for the than is it debt to me by covenant/ for than thou overcomest and haste the maystrye/ Nay said Auallius but learn wise master that by neither way I shall pay the that thou axist· for yif it be deemed against me than shall I not pay by doom/ and if it be deemed against me than shall I not by covenant for I have not the maystrye ¶ Than the jugges saw that the cause was brygous as it were an insoluble & continued the sentente of juggement to a long day ¶ So it is red among the men of Athene that a woman poisoned her husband and her own son/ for they had wickedly slain her son and her heir that she had by her first husband ¶ The old jugges respited their juggement till an honderd year ¶ For on that one side was great sorrow to assoylle and in that otherside a cruel deed to be dampened ¶ Ysidorus libro secundo capitulo visesimo quarto ¶ Though men rede that tubal of caimes lineage was fynder of consonancy and of music before Noes flood Netheles me readeth among the Greeks that Pyctagoras found the craft of music by sown of hamers and by stretching of cords and of strenges ¶ Marian libro secundo ¶ It happened that Pyctagoras passed forth openly and herd smiths bete with hamers/ on hot iron & accord everich to other in certain order of sown/ For the sharp sown acorded to the great and made the smiths to change hamers/ but the same accord of swooning followed always Than he took heed that the hamers were of dyuse weight and bade him make greater hamers And from hamers he tornede him to examine strenges and strained guttes·s and sinews of sheep and of beestes fastened to diverse weights such weights as he founden in the hamer and had such song and accord as the rather according of hamers made with sweetness of kindly sown of strenges Than when he was cunning of so great privity he began to find numbers by the which 'sounds accord and so he sped to make the craft of music R ¶ Therefore Tullius de tusculis questio libro quarto speaketh of him and saith that Pyctagoras scholars couth bring her mind out of strif of thoughte● to rest by song and sown of strenges ¶ Augustinus ep h contra Rut/ When yonglynges were win drunken and would break the yates of chaste women Pyctagoras bade pipers pipe a song made by thenditing of spondeus and when they did so/ though the bestyalyte of moeving of lechery cessed by the sloth of the manner of tewnes·s Seneca libro tercio de lira Pyctagoras with harp and strenges cessed the distourbance of wits ¶ R Here wise men I tell that Pyctagoras passed sometime by a smiths house & heard a sweet sowed & according in the smiting of four hamers upon an anueld and therefore he let weigh the hamers and found that one of the hamers weighed twey so moche as another/ Another weighed other half so moche as another And another weighed so much as an other & the third deal of another· As though the first hamer were of vjl●̄/ the second of twelve/ the third of eycht· the fourth of nine/ As this figure showeth/ ¶ When these acordes were founden Pyctagoras yave 'em names and so that he cleped in number double. he cleped in sows Dyapason/ And that he clepeth in number other half he clepeth in sows Dyapente. & that that in number is called all & the third deal hete in sows dyatesseron/ and that that in numbers is called all and the eyghteth deal heat in tewnes double dyapason as in melody of one strenge if the string be strained endlonge upon the holownesse of a tree· and departed even a two by a bridge set there under in either party of the streng the sown shall be dyapason if the streng be strained and touched▪ And if the string be departed even in three and the brygge set under/ So that it depart between the twey deles and the thyrdde than the longer deal of the string if it be touched shall yeve a sown called dyatesseron. And if it be departed in nine and the brigge set under between the last part and the other dele· than the longer deal of the streng if it be touched shall yeve a sown that hete tonus for nine containeth echt and the eight part of eight as in this figure that followeth  
¶ jeronimus contra rufum Many of Pyctagoras disciples kept her masters heestes in mind and used her wit & mind in study of books & taught that many such proverbs shall kytte & depart sorrow from the body uncunning from the wit lechery from the womb/ treason out of the cyte/ stryf out of the house Incontynence and hastynesse out of all things ¶ Also all that friends have shall be common A friend is the other of twain ¶ Memot take heed of times ¶ After god sothnesse shall be worshipped that maketh men be next god ¶ Ysidorus libro octavo capitulo sexto   

¶ Capitulum 12  
THe name of philosophres had beginning of Pyctagoras/ for old greeks called himself sophistris that is wise/ but Pyctagoras when me axed what man he was/ he answered and said that he was a Philosopher that is a lover of wit and of wisdom for to clepe himself a wiseman it would seem great boost & pride/ Afterwards other philosophres hadden her names of her auctors ¶ And so they that held pyctagoras loore/ were called pyctogoraci· And they that helden Plato's loore were cleped platonici ¶ Pol libro primo Some philosophres hadden names of contrees & so they that helden pyctagoras lore were cleped Italya/ For Pyctagoras taught a great country of italy/ that sometime was called the great grecia/ Other were called jonyci/ that hadden that name of the yonder grece/ their author & prince was tales and millesius Ysidorus libro octavo ¶ Other had names of standing and coming to geders as stoycy· achademices peripatetici Stoyci had that name of a porch of Athene called Stoa in the language of grece therein was painted the great bearing and deeds of wisemen. and of strong The first of hem was yeven that all sin was like great and thus he meaned that it were as great sin to steel straw as gold & to slay a knight as an horse for the be'st he said is not to blame but the man's will ¶ This Zenon said that man's soul shall die with the body. Trevisa I would a wiseman had seen his water/ and powered it in his throat though it were a galon· ¶ Than it followeth in the story he and his scholars said that they should not dure withouten end and netheles they desired life withouten end Achademici hadden that name of plato's town beside a then called achademia and was in point for to falle· there plato was wont for to study ¶ This trowed all thing was uncertainly made/ Archelaus brought up that sect but democritus made it more ¶ Butt it must be granted that many things be unknown and hid fro man's knowleche. ¶ So god will that many things pass the knowleche of man. And also many things be that may be known by man's kindly wit/ Paripatetici have that name of wand'ring and of walking▪ for Aristotle was her Author and was wont to dispute wandering and walkyng· Augustinus de civitate dei libro octavo Theridamas be three manner philosophres of kind and taketh heed of kind of things such were· tales Millesius Pyctagoras and they that held her loore/ And somme ethici that took heed and taught the knowleche and cunning of good living and of thews ● such was Socrates and they that held his loore/ and Plato specially and they that held his loore Therefore among all he is praised for a parfighte techer of Philosophic ¶ Ysidorus libro octavo capitulo sexto ¶ Therefore he is a very phisosophre that hath knoheleche of things that longeth to god and to man and holdeth all manner way of rightful living/ But of all manere of Philosophres they that were cleped dyvynes were reputed for most excellent For they treated of god that is almighty. Netheles many of hem erred in treating of god and of the world And many came to the knowleche of god netheles they worshipped him not as god/ but vanysshede away in her thoughtis and said that they were wise and they were made fools. The errors of hem brought in afterward many errors in holy church/ such a false error is that deed men shall not rise at the day of dome· and that every martyr is even and peer to god Augustinus de civitate dei libro octavo/ capitulo decimo/ ¶ They that had right knowleche of god profited moche to the knowleche of truth and such was plato that said that in god is cause of being/ reason of understanding and order of good living And therefore god is to us beginning of kind so●hnes of loore and grace of lyf· Also there were Philosophres that travailed their wits to find and know cause of things and manner of lyvyng· netheles they were most praised that knew god & where he is and that he is cause of all things that is wrought and light of sothnesse and of truth and well of grace/ that we shall drink To this knowleche they come in this manner/ they travailed their wits to find the best of all that is god They knew that/ that is no body for a body may be fordone & corrupted for it is made of contrary things Also they took heed that god is no likeness/ that may be changed therefore he passed all bodies and all lykenesses ¶ The body is seen without the likeness of the body is in thought within & that that is in thought within/ is no body but likeness of a body Than the likeness is known by a thing that is nowther the likeness nowther the body and that that is likeness is seen and deemed whether it be fair owther fowl/ is better than the thing that is so deemed There is no fairness of body whether it be in state of body as in shap of length and breed owther in moeving as in song but such as the inwytte of man deemeth/ and that might not be but if there were a better likeness in the inwytte without swelling of body and crying of man's wis without length or space of the place and of tyme· But that is man's thought and kind in wit of man's soul and that is no body· sith that the likeness that is known thereby is no body But and our inwytte is no body should god make that our in wit be a body/ Also our inwytte is changeable and moevable/ else should no man's wit know better than other· of that he felyth and knoweth neither he that is wyttyer better than he that is duller/ And yet· the same wit amendeth and profiteth and deemeth better after than before/ But what that is amended and apeyred is changeable Than philosophres and dyvynes knewen well that no thing that is changeable may be but by him that is a stydfaste and not chaungeable· to him is none other being than living. none other being than understanding none other being than be we'll ¶ Eutr & Mariauns   

¶ Capitulum 13  
THe people of Rome made strife as though they were mysledde by the Senators/ therefore they made him trybunes as defenders of the people against the consuls· Quintus Marcius duke of Rome that had taken the vultes bifore. was put out of the cyte and was wroth and went to the vultes·s that he had rather taken and had help of 'em and went for to war and destroy the country five mile from Rome and over come eft the Romans and forsook peace that they proffered & cessed not to war and grieve the Cyte till his mother and his wyf came out of the Cyte and prayed for the cyte ¶ Three honderd noble men called Familia Fabia fought alone against the vegenses and weren smitten to death The Romans be biseged in the mount algyd and lucius quincius delivered 'em. he was taken from the plough and made a dictator he wiped away his swat and took on a royal gown ¶ Egypte forsook Darius' king of pierce and would not be under him ¶ Pompilia a maid at Rome was taken in lechery and was buried quick a live. Pyndarus and symonydes the poetes were tho in her flowers Trogus libro secundo After the death of pisistratus the tyrant of athene one of his sons took a maid by violence and say by her/ and therefore the maids brother slough him ¶ That other brother named Espyas held the kingdom of Athene after his father and made him be taken that had slain his brother/ and when the mansleer was compelled by torment to knowledge the men that were assenting to the man's death. he accused and appelled all the hispias the tyraunces friends/ and when they all were slain hispias axede if there were any moo consenting to his brother death And he answered and said/ There is no man alive worthy to die but thou alone ¶ Than the people knew the virtue of the young man & put espyas out of the cite Than hispias went anon in to pierce to darius the king and exited him against them of Athene ¶ Orocius libro secundo This darius after that he had rekeverd by/ battle the Assyryes and the Babylon's that rebelled against him/ he ordained battle & war against Anticirus king of Schites for he had axed the marriage of his daughter and had it not And went forth with seven. C/ thousand men of Arms and lost seventy thousand by sudden rese & skarmysshes Netheles in returning he chastised the macedoynes and the jones Also he ordained a battle against the men of Athene for they helped and were assistente to jones Netheles the men of Athene with ten thousand met so many thousand/ and were so glad for to fight/ So that when there were a thousand paas between the shiltrons/ the course was so sped that the strokes came before the enemies ¶ Than there was so strong fyghte· that they seemed men on that one side and beestes on that other Trogus libro secundo The perses were overcome and fled to their ships. of the. which ships many were dreynt and many were taken In so great a victory it were hard to tell who that gate the price/ Netheles one Cynegyrus a knight of athene. after many great deeds and slaughters pursued the perses that fled to ships there a ship that was jaded he held with his right hand till it was smitten of/ and eft with the lif● hand & lost it/ and when he had lost both his hands he boat on and held the ship with his teth so that the stok of a man fought with his teth as it were a wood be'st ¶ Two honderd of the perses died there with hipius the tyrant/ And son afterward darius died the year of his kingdom xxxvij/ and left many sons a live ¶ Among his sons Artaxerses as he that was begeten in the kingdom and he had the great Cyrus to his mother grauntsir that was advanced to the kingdom/   

¶ Capitulum 14  
ARtaxerses Darius' son was the fifth king of Perses/ and reigned twenty year This wan egypt that his father had lost and put out arysted· and warred five year against Grece as his father had bigonne ¶ josephus saith that under this Artaxerses the seventh year of his kingdom Esdras went down in to the jewry and Neemyas the butler went down the five and twenty year and restored the laws of Iherusalem in space of twelve year And esdras himself says that he went down in Artarxerses time ¶ Trogus One damarachus was exiled out of Athene and dwelled with king Artaxerses/ & loved moor his own land after thexiling than the king after that he had done him moche good/ and written all the kings purpoos in tables of tree and waxed the tables above the writing and send him by a privy messagier to the great of Athene Than the men of Spartania advised hem long what it it should mean/ for they saw no writing in the tables And atte last king leonydas sister fond out the conceit of the writer For she shaved of the wax and than the lettres were seen and red. and so they were warned of the war/ For Artaxerses had made ready ixCM of fighting men/ so that it seemed that the host dried up the Rivers for hem behoved so moche water Orocius libro 2 Artaxerses had seven C· thousand fighting men of his own kingdom and iiijC thousand of help of other lands and ships of war with yren snowtes/ ij/ M/ &/ ijC. & three thousand of other ships well arrayed so that the Rivers semede scars for hem for to go in and the see seemed scars for hem to sail in ¶ Than this great rout that was not habyly arrayed to fight neither free to go forth and to renn●/ neither ready to flee come between places of Termopyles and four thousand of sparnates fallen upon hem and leyden a down and slough of 'em three days together ¶ Valerius libro sexto ¶ When the great rout was gathered together one of the perses said the greeks shall not only be overcomen but they shall be allayed with the multitude of Perses and another spoke and said the king shall have no enemies to kith on his strength/ Yet another spoke & said the see is scars for our shippes·s towns be scars for our knights & fields for our other men. ¶ Thenne Damarachus answered & said/ here be so many men that they may not be ruled And what may not be ruled may not long dure· and so it befell/ ¶ For many that were naught rewled were overcome of few that were weal ruled ¶ Therefore when the king was overset with them of Lacedomones/ he said that he was beguiled for he had so many men and but few cunning in battle for to fight ¶ Valerius libro tercio ¶ In that fighting one of the greeks said to his fellow the son is derked with arrows and shot of Perses/ thou sayest weal said that other for we should better fight in shadow than in hete of son/  
¶ Also me axed in great despite of one that halted/ why he came in to the battle/ And he answered and said It is my purpoos to abide and not to flee/ And that befalleth weal for an halt man ¶ Trogus libro secundo ¶ at last Leonyda king of Athenes came on with four thousand men & beat down a great part of the host of Perses and came upon the remnant by night when they were a sleep/ and slough of hem and chased 'em and brake and skayled the host every fro other Artaxerses myshapped twice for he was overcomen in bateylle on the land and would essay his fortune and hap upon the Se●/ And there his men were beaten & shad and skayled every from other/ And he that had rather hilled & be spradde the See with great ships was disconfyte and for fere glad to flee/ & uneath escaped away in a fysshers' boat/ Also/ then deyde wonder many for hunger and many deed careyns say in the fields and afterward there came a moreyn upon the host/ So that beestes and fowls followed the host by the smell of deed careyns Herodotus the writers of histories euripedes basylydes dya· goras and Sophocles the writer of gests were that time in her flowers R ¶ jeronimus in epistola ad nepocianum speaketh of this Sophocles and saith when he took but little heed of main and of his how should for his great eld his sons accused him of wodenesse Than before the jugges he rehearsed & said the fable and geste that he had written of Edippus and now in his great age of wit and of wisdom that he should torn the cruelty of jugges in to favour of the theatre That time socrates the philosopher was born & a stone shapen. as a good fell down from heaven in the see egeus Artabanus Artaxerses the kings steward purposed to be king of pierce and can in an eventide with his seven sons in to Artaxerses chambre and slough the king and many other ¶ And the king had twey sons that one height darius and that other Artaxerses And Artabanus excited Artaxerses to slay his brother darius and said that darius had slain his own father But one vagabaxus knew how the king was slain and told Artaxererses how it stood and how Artabanus had slain his father  
¶ And ano●e Artaxerses gathered the people together and made 'em come armed before him. as though he would know the number of his knights/ ¶ Than when Artabanus stood before him armed among other men. the king said that his haberion was to to short and bade Artabanus do of his haberion/ and change with him/ And when Artabanus had unarmed him & was naked anon the king commanded his men to sle him & his sons. And so Artaxersts took wretch of his father death & saved his father throne and his brother life and himself from gyle and treason Marianus   

¶ Sequitur Capitulum 15  
ARtaxerses the seventh king of pers was call●d longimanus and reigned xl year and bigan to regne when Artabanus had reigned seven months Some say that thistory of h●●ter and of mardocheus befallen in this Artaxerses time but I trow not for hesdras the writer in this kings beginning tellith that he and neemias turned fro Babyloy●e & speaketh not of hester· & if hester had be in his time is to presuppose he would somewhat have spoken of her But hester was in the other artaxerses time that was the eleventh king of Perses and hete Assuerus also ¶ About this time dunwallo moliuncius that was the duke's son of Cornewayle began to regne among Brytons ¶ And when the kings were slain of Englond of wales & of Scotland he reigned alone in the Ilond and made him a dyademe and a crown of gold and made certain laws that be called molyuncius laws/ the which laws afterward gyldas' turned in to latyn And afterwards king aluredus made 'em be turned out of latyn in to englysshe/ And when this molyuncius had reigned forty year he died & was buried by the temple in the Cyte Trinovantum that is london ¶ This is be that gafe privilege & freedom to temples to ploughs to cities & to ways that leadeth thereto Petrus ¶ Esdras the writer came down with the kings lettres by which he should discharge the mynystris of the temple of all manner trybute· and put other yn & other out and change 'em as it were to doing and punish 'em that were rebel by death by exiling by prisonne owther by paing of catalle And Esdras came down with the vessayls of the temple to teach his people in jerusalem the law that he had written and corrected the books two honderd & xx of the children of Israel that were beyond the hills of caspy came with him at one's/ and a/ M/ and seven/ C. came with him out of Babyloyne There he chastised in his coming the children of the transmygration. and specially preestes for wives of strange nations/ Esdras renewed and written the law that the caldeys had brent/ & amended the volumes that strangers had apayred & gathered all in to xxij books for the hebrews should have as many books/ as they had lettres/ ¶ Also he found up new manner titles & prikkes to write among the lettres that were lighter to be written & therefore he was cleped a swift writer/ Also he put some titles of psalms & telleth that jews written before in manner of bydders from the life side to the right side/ & eft from the right side to the life side/ Empedicles Permenides and Zeno the philosophres be in her flowers empedycles cheese to be buried in the hill mons ethna that is in scicilia that brenneth always ¶ Boecede consolacione saith that permenydes sat ten year on a roche/ & bythought him of the Art of Logyke But Plato afterward made that art more and found therinne many prynciples and rules/ But Aristotle's brought it together in to Art· Tho was feretides the second writer of histories in his flowers/ netheles little before herodotu had written thistories ¶ R And Titus livius   

¶ Capitulum 16  
THe Romayns send messagiers and prayed men of Athene to send 'em laws written ¶ This were Salons laws they sent not in to lacedomonia to have ligurgus laws/ though his laws were best. For they had him suspect as a liar for he had said that he had taken laws of Appolyn ¶ The Romans gathered this Salons laws in to ten tables & put afterward twey tables thereto ¶ Thereof come afterward that famous law of the twelve tables as it is written in folio de origine juris libro secundo in the gloze ¶ Ysidorus libro quinto. Moses' gaf first law to the Hebrews Feroneus to the greeks Mercurius trimogestus to the Egypcians Salon to men of athene/ Ligurgus to the Lacedomones and numa pompilius to the Romans ¶ Afterwards the people of Rome might not ne would not suffer the stryf of the maystres and jugges and ordained ten men to write laws and they written laws out of Salons books and turned the law of twelve tables out of grue in to latyn ¶ The first that would make books of law was the great pompeus the consul but for dread of evil spekers he accomplished ne fulfilled it. than julius Cezar began to make books of laws/ but he deyde to son ¶ And so among the Romans little and little laws were compiled/ till Constantyne the great ordeygned new laws. ¶ But Theodosius minor made a book of law that is called Theodosius coode ¶ And soon after justinianus of weal nigh of two thousand books and thyrtty thousand versus made/ and restored the laws of digest/ The power of consuls cessed in the cyte· And thenne men were ordained rulers in stead of the twey· consuls but the second year after as saint austyn toucheth de ci· dei li primo ca/ 19· One of these ten men that hight appius claudius had great desire & lust to induce & meove a knights daughter to lygge by her and made falsely one of his servants challenge her for his bond woman/ and so Appius deemed and jugged her/ And her own father slough her and made pleyn●e to the people of that falsheed/ the people was tho in the hill algid Than the ten men were put out of her offyce and trybunes and Edyles were put in their stead Petrus 186 Neemias a man of Hebrews king artaxerses butler came by leave of his lord out of Babylon in to the jewry/ & lad the people xij year/ so th●t that the v/ year he begun to restore the walls & the yates of Iherusalem/ and he ended his work in two year and four months and had so great let in the building that half the people srode armed without the cyte for to defend the cyte and the work for resing and slekking of strange nations/ and that other de●le of the people/ armed build the wallis and leide stones with one hand and held everich his sword in his other hand ¶ Af●terward neemyas took heed that the jews had no fire from heaven and cleansed a pit in the valeye of josephath where jeremias had hide fire in the time of taking into bondage and found the stokkes of the altar and brenning coals and fet water and he cast of that water on a faggotte of wood and thereof come fire ¶ Than if thou wilt reckon seventy weeks of years from the twenty year of Artaxerses when neemias went down to build/ jerusalem unto criste that is unto the eyghten year of Tiberius' cezar/ the which seventy weeks of years danyel prophesied to be shorted upon god's people/ thou might find seventy weeks of years so that thou acompte a week of years of the moan/ and a year of the moan is twelve months of the moan As it was usede in moyses law not the year of the son now there of Embolisme· ¶ And so seventy weeks of years from this year unto crist maketh four honderd years of the moan and four score and ten without the months of Embolismes that maketh four honderd year of the son and three score and fyften  
¶ Trevisa. ¶ An year of the son is the full yere· that men use now in Englond and other lands. But the year of the moan is xij months of the moan. and a month of the moan is fro change to change and so the year of the moan is lass by eleven days than the full year and the month of embolis●me fallith when xiij primes be in one year ¶ R The number of the wikes and years may be proved in this manner ¶ For Beda libro de temporibus saith that the kingdom of Perses dured from this twenty year of Artaxerses to the sixth year of darius· when darius was overcome of Alysaunder an honderd year and fyftene· And than the kingdom of grece dured unto julius Caesar'S time two honders four score and twain years Than from the beginning of julius cezar that reigned four year and seven months to thee/ xviij/ year of Tiberius Cezar was four score year and eight/ and so all these years amount unto the number of four honderd lxxv years of the son ¶ Orocius libro tercio Till a great deal of the day was passed it seemed that the night dured/ ¶ Also hail stones fell and descended from the clouds and beat the earth with very stone's  
¶ Petras 188 ¶ Esdras died in good age and eld/ And Neemias turned ayene to Artaxerses the king but he turned ayene to Iherusalem against his ending day/ and chastised hem that trespaced against the law and died and is buried by the wall that he made in Iherusalem ¶ Beda de tempore Hiderto thordre of the holy history is taken of the books of hebrews that were written of deeds and of doings of yeres·s But what deeds and doings followed after this be taken of the books of josephus Affrycan and the books of machabeiss Eft consuls were made at rome ¶ Ypocras in this time flourysshed ¶ Ysidorus libro quarto Apollo found first Art of physic among the greeks/ Than his son Esculapius made. it moore· & was smitten with lightning/ And than that Art was left five honderd year unto this Artaxerses time/ And in his time Ypocras renewed the art and craft of phisik in the ylande cheo But the twey first Arts were untrusty that is to say methodyca that taketh none heed of times of causes of elements neither of age but only of the evil and use tellynges as old wives do The second is called Emperita and axeth not but essay ¶ The thyrdde is called logyca and is allowed and approved   

¶ Capitulum 17  
AFter this artaxerses·s Artaxerses the eight king of pers reigned. two months In his time plato was born/ & after him/ fogodyanus reigned nine months/ After him darius no thus by his surname was the tenth king of perses and reigned nineteeen year. Gaufr & alfr/ In his time belinus' mo●●uncius son reigned in brytayn and held to himself loegria myddel englond/ wales and cornewayle and took that other land by yond humbre and scotland to his brother brenicius and they twain acorded in the kingdom five year well enough ● but afterward brenicius was rebel to belinus' and this belinus' overcome him ● he fled to the duke Alebrog that is the duke of lytil brytayne/ ● wedded his daughter and had the lordship after the dukes deth· After that he had that ducherie one year/ he came in to Brytayn with frensshemen and brytons of little brytayne/ to were against his brother But their mother that was full old spradde her heeabrode and showed her breasts that they had sowked and so she made peace/ Than after an year these brethren made France subgett and overcome the germayns and besieged Rome atte las●e That time the first denies used tyrannies in scicilia and Furius Canullus was made dictator in Rome and overcome the venetans and the falystes but he was put out of the cyte by envy surmysing upon him that he had not egaly departed the ●rayes that they had taken/ Titus When the Romans besieged the vegetens they had many unhappes/ And Furius Camillus myned on that one side of the cyte & made ways under ●●the by the which ways a knight went in and took the tower of the Cyte while furius camillus yafe assault to the cyte on the other side/ And when men of the cyte saw that/ they yielded themself and the Cyte. But Furius camillus offended the people in deling of prays/ ¶ So that he was called to Iuggemēt● and he dread to be condemned and outlawed himself wilfully and went in to the Cyte Ardea/ Netheles in his absence he was condemned in ten thousand of certain money of bras/ But afterward he came and broke the siege of Frensshemen/   

¶ Capitulum 18·  
ARtaxerses the son of darius & of ꝑa●itides had a surname· Menuon and the hebrews called him Assuerus/ He was the xj king of pers and reigned forty year from Ind to ethiopia· over an honderd provinces and xxvij/ his throne was in the Cyte Susis/ The Cyte that here was called susis was called Egbatanis in the book of judith and was chief cyte of the elemytes/ josephus saith that danyel made there a wonder burial for kynges·s So wondered that it semede made the same day that is to say the kings of media of perses and of Perchea were wont to be buried in that burial. This Artaxerses otherwise called Assuerus in the third year of his kingdom made great revel and feast to his princes that dured an honderd days three score and ten in that wondered palace that me readeth of in thistory of Alysaundre The pyllers of that palace were of silver the kevering like to the firmament chambered and having precious stones of diverse colours to the likeness of the stars ¶ After he lay with his people seven days in the Orchard of liking/ there was a vine yerde with wines of seluer with branches of gold and clustres of precious stones The pavilions were pight upon pilers of silver of marble and of ivory with roopes of white sylk and of reed/ ¶ There vasty the queen was rebel and would not come to the king/ therefore hester was choose queen in her stead Democritus the philosopher died that time Agellus speaketh of him and saith that he put out his own eyen. and that for three skills ¶ The first for his sight let him of his holy thoughtes·s the second for he might not see women without great temptation the thirdde for that he saw shrews oft mysdo and diden evil deeds & that might he not suffer but it grieved hein sore Tullius ep/ 95 Democritus was wont to say that the hests of shrews & the 'noys of the womb been in one place/ what have I to do therewith said he whether this noise sown upward or downward ¶ Pol libro septimo ¶ Socrates the philosopher four score year old and nineteeen. drank poison with stydfast semblant and died ¶ R lest error befall in the name of Socrates take heed for there were three Socrates One was Author of doing and of deeds Cassiodorus in thistory called tripertita preyseth well this Socrates ¶ Selencus theodoricus and Socrates made that story Another Socrates was of grece a great philosopher and layer  
¶ Of him libro primo Saturnalium is rehearsed that noble saw When he was prayed of his fellows to put forth somewhat of his noble speaking. he said as this place axeth I spareno speech & the speech that I spare is not covenable/ for this place nouther for this time▪ ¶ such a tale is told of hippocras the philosofre/ the third Socrates was platoes maystrer of him is our speech at this time Pol libro quarto capitulo sexto Socrates was reputed the wisest by answer of Appolyn & without any withsayenge he passed the seven wisemen/ that were held wisemen among the greeks and was accounted before hem with out comparison not only in wit and cunning but also in manner of good lyving·s therefore tullius libro primo de tuscul qon seith that Socrates was Prince of philosophy/ and that he called philosophy from heaven unto earth and stuffed cities with philosophy. Augustinus de civitate dei libro octavo capitulo 14 ¶ A spirit followed Socrates and taught him things/ ¶ Apulius libro suo 1 de di/ Socrates says & rehearseth. that this spirit/ used to warn Socrates to leave of his doing when the doing should have no good end R Therefore calcidius super librum thimeis Me saith that a spirit folewed and/ taught Socrates from his first childhood not to compelle him to do aught but to forbid him to do thing not spedeful· and as in adremes It seemeth a man that he herith many things not by very voys/ but by some token that followed thoffice of man's vois/ So socrates thought while he was waking was comforted and taught by warning of clear token of the spirit Tullius de diō● libro primo/ We have learned of Socrates that was always tendaunt to a spyryt that was cleped daemon but he never moeved him to do deeds. but withdrew him oft fro doing of deeds/ And therefore when he should be dampened to death he cheese to die in most rightful maner·s but though had he no token yeven him of his god ¶ Valerius libro primo capitulo septimo ¶ Socrates' in his old age used harping & armonye of strenges & said that it was better to use that craft late than learn it never. he would also take heed to the Art of music that art is right needful said he/ ¶ And so he hield himself ever pour to learn and rich to teche· ¶ And though he was wise and witty ever he said that he could no good/ Thereof came the comune saw of Socrates I can not but that I can not/ As jeronimus rehearseth epistola 35/ Valerius li/ 8 Socrates shamed not to take a rehed between his thyes·s and play with his small children Pol libro octavo ¶ It is homely and necessary a wiseman other while to pleye/ not to put away the use of virtues/ but to refresh himself and make him more strong to do virtues of virtues ¶ Also Socrates was profitable in virtues that maketh men like god/ For he was a man of good temprure as Agell saith libro secundo/ So that we'll nigh all his lives time he lived in health without sickness/ & also in that moreyne time/ that destroyed the Cyte Athene Therefore Valerius libro secundo saith that Socrates said that many men would live for to eat and. drink/ and that he would eat and drink for to live Also he was of great sufferance/ therefore Seneca libro tercio de Ira saith that Socrates walked in the Cyte and was evil smitten upon the heed. and he answered and said naught else but he said It is evil for men that they wit not ¶ when they should go out with salettes on her heeds and when without Also when a young man spit in his face while he disputed of wrath/ he answered and said I am not wroth but I doubt whether I should be wroth or no  
Also he was sometime wroth with a shrewed servant/ that he had and said I would bete the and I were not wroth ¶ Also he had a wyf light of her body as who saith comyne and children that were rebel and horelinges/ & more like to the mother than to the father And a servant that was always a shrew alway wroth and grutching ¶ Netheles Socrates suffered always and was patient ¶ Therefore Seneca epistola 197 saith that Socrates was well nigh always in battle owther in tyrannise owther in freedom harder than battle owther tyrannyse/ Therefore jeronimus contra jonium and also Epistola 33 seith that socrates had twey shrewd wives that wolden always chide/ and strive/ And hadden oft stryf for him between hem/ the wines were called Zantippa and Altipias/ And on a time he blamed 'em by cause they striven for him that was but a fowl thing/ and said you strive for a man with snatted nose with a balled fort●p with ●●ery shoulders and with crooked thighs.  
And atte last both the wives turned against him/ and chidden him alto scarthes' by one assente· and after great chiding and dispytous words they threw on his heed their piss of four nights pissing out of a soler. And he answered naught else but wiped his heed and said I wist weal that it should rain of thundering of words Agellus libro secundo et Pol libro/ 5 One axed of socrates why he chastised not his wyf· Zantippa that was so full of chiding and of anger or else why he pute h●r not away from hyme And he said I suffer such one at home to have use and customme that I may the more patiently suffer wrongs of other men Seneca de Ira capitulo tercio Token of wrath in Socrates was low speech and few words He was true and trusty in counseylle as Valerius libro octavo saith that a young man axed counsel of Socrates whether he should wed a wyf or no. whether so thou do of these tweyn seith he. thou shalt forthynke full sore/ For if thou wed no wyf. thou shalt have this disavauntages·s thou shalt be alone/ thou shalt have no child a strange man shall be/ thine heir/ And if thou wed a wyf thou shalt have great business alway/ many manner plaints plea of doing despising chiding and stryf/ of thy wives dame and unsekernesse and dread of thy childers end ¶ And Seneca epistola. 30 and Pol libro septimo ¶ One axed of Socrates why pilgrimagiss stood him to no prouffyte what wonder saith Socrates'/ while thou berist thyself alway about with thee/ The same cause that grieveth the maketh the go from hoome· what profiteth new land there the flight fleeth not the. the disease of thought must be put away else shall no place the please Also Poli libro quinto capitulo sexto ¶ One axed of him who should gete him best fame/ ¶ Who that doth best said he and speaketh little Also poli libro septimo Plawes scholars hadden envy to plato in Socrates' school. And plato axed of Socrates how he might escape the envy of envious men/ Be most wretch said he/ and than no man shall envy the No thing is without envy but wrechednesse alone Ysidorus eth libro secundo capitulo decimo quarto ¶ This Socrates ordained first moral philosophy for ruling of good living of right wysenesse and temprure virtues and readiness ¶ Augustinus de civitate dei libro octavo This Socrates turned first all manner of philosophy to help of good living and of good manners but I know not whether he died that for he was overcome of grief of hardness of derk and of uncertain things/ to find some certain man of doing by the which life of man might be the better/ Owther for man's soul should be the better and discharged of unskilful lykynge· and be born up by kind strength to know things that ever shall last/ for the soul may·s not know chief causes of thynges·s but when it is pured & made all clean This Socrates when ●e deyde/ left many disciples a live that disputed in many wise of our last end & of him that is the best. but of all his scholars plato was chief Seneca epistola 107 Speaketh of the cause & manner of socrates death/ For socrates said he was more lyef to swear by creatures/ than by goddess ¶ It was laid against him he did against the lawe· and that he appeyred children/ and therefore he was dampened to prisonne· where he should eat venom called fermacum Augustinus de vera religione capitulo primo/ Socrates ● was hardyer than other in swearing/ for me saith that he would swear by hands and stones and all that he would swear by. he had ready in mind/ I trow that he understood that all the works of kind that god ordained to be wrought by working of god/ be we'll better than any crafty man's works/ And therefore it is more worthy to take worships that longeth to god· than mawmettes that were worshipped in temples R ¶ Therefore an expositor upon boece de disciplina capitulo quarto/ saith/ that one of Socrates dtsciples accused him for he had made a book of one god and not of many gods/ ¶ Therefore he was compelled to drink a venomous herb in that god's name/ & drank and deyde not. And eft he was compelled to drink in name of many gods and drank and deyde ¶ Therefore Tullius writeth that after that he was dampened the men of Athene were sorry and punished hem sore: that had accused him/ and maden an image of gold resembling and remembrance of socrates and· set it in their temple ¶ Also the commentor eth 5 saith that Socrates when he was accused seyde· Men of Athene may damn socrates but they may not make him unrightful Than the Athenes began to use four and twenty lettres/ & used before sixteen Eutr and Eaufr   

¶ Capitulum 19  
FRensshmen otherwise called Senones by leading of brennius overcome the Romayns eleven mile fro Rome att● river Albia and chased 'em unto the cyte and took the Cyte unto the capitoyl Titus livius/ there the frensshmen came in by night by a way under earth every after other while the Romayns slept Mallius Torquatus and other Romayns awaked with crying of gandres/ the first day of Junii and they put of the Frensshmen ¶ Therefore long time the Romayns hallowed the feast of gandres the first day of Junii/ Netheles afterward they called that feast of juno's moneth· for they trowed that juno warned the gandres and made 'em to cry. ¶ In that fighting the Senators arrayed 'em ryally in array of Senators. and so they sat in their houses ¶ And when the Frensshe men found 'em sitting in so ryall araye· they wend that they were gods that be c●eped genij and spared 'em and went bakward Trevisa ¶ God Genius is to say a spirit that followeth a man all his lives tyme. than it followeth in thistory. Netheles one of the Frensshemen groped and handled the beard of a Senator called papirius/ and he up with a staff that he had in hand and smote the frenssheman on the heed/ therefore all the frensshmen were wroth/ and slough him first and than all the Senators every one ¶ Than the Frenssmen received a thousand pound of gold for peace and went their way Than Furius camillus that rather was put out of the Cyte pursued the Frensshemen and slough hem· and brought the gold and jewels of knights to the Cyte again ¶ And this Camillus did the thyrdde voyage and went in to the Cyte ayene. & was called the second Romulus He besieged sometime the falisces and the capitayne of 'em lad out children of the cyte/ as it were for to play and gave hem to camyllus & said that the Cyte should be yolden to him for saving of the childre ¶ And Camillus not only forsook the fraud/ but he bound the Capitains' hands behind him and let drive him with yerdes and sent hyin and the children to her faders and moders and for that courtoys deed/ the cyte was yelden to him that he desired not to gete with fraud and treason Trogus libro 24 ¶ Three honderderd thousand of Frenssmen by leading of belgius & of Brennius destroyed Ytaly and brent Rome and spoylled Pannonie and macedon and slow tholomeus the king of macedonia Paulus libro secundo Me saith that the cause why the frensshmen came in to Italy was this ¶ The frensshmen tasted wine that was brought out of ytaly and were moved by liking of that wine/ and went in to Italy ¶ The leder of hem was brennius that reigned among the Frensshmen senones·s he came with three honderd thousand & sent an honderd thousand to spoyll the Greeks. Netheles fast by Appolyn delphicus they essayed & felt that the greeks hadden full sharp swords and keen Another honderd thousand went in to galacia that is in the lass Asia and were first called gallogreci and after galates ¶ The thyrdde honderd thousand left in Italy and build papie. Melane Pergame Brixia anrimi· And gave the name to ffraunce that is on this side Alpes and cleped it gallia  
¶ Trevisa Burgoyne is in that country that is called gallia Senonensis ¶ Pol libro sexto capitulo decimo Galli Frensshmen in ytalye build veron and vincencia. ¶ Also they build the Cyte Cene for her old men/ and sekelew and for their heordes that kept her beestes ¶ That wytnessith yet likeness of fair hew & colour and fair shap of people in the which they accord with brytons and with the galls frensshmen though long passing of time and place and countray of the world and company with men that dwell about 'em have changed 'em in many points Gaufe ¶ Belinus turned again out of ytaly in to britayne and lived in peace and repaired and build cities among the which he founded the cyte caerusk that now is called caerle on upon the river uske that is nigh Severn ¶ And he build belius gate that englysshmen callen now Byllyngsgate upon Temyse in the cyte trinovantum that is london/ ¶ And he build a tower above that gate therinne were the asks of his body were done after when his body was brent he made also laws & four high ways as it is said in the firse book capitulo Brytania ¶ Trogus libro 24 Eft brennius turned ayene out of the eest countries/ and eft overcome the macedoyns & their duke Sosten and spoylled gods and temples and said merrily that rich gods must yeve men somewhat of her richesse  
¶ Also he spoylled Appolyn Delphicus temple in the hill mount pernasus Pol libro sexto There men of the countray prayed help of her god and suddenly the earth 'gan shake and a great party of the hill fell upon the host of galls and haylestones slough that other deal ¶ The Duc brennius for sore of his wounds might not endure/ And therefore he slough himself with a sharp sword ¶ Not man shall wondre though Appolyn took wretch of 'em that spoylled the gods & the temples/ For god suffered Appolyn destroy many nations by cause of their trespaas and evil living and deeds For it is certain that spirits of the air may use her shrewdness in 'em that be misbelieved and evil of deeds For grace is withdraw from such manner men and evil spirits have leave granted to noye 'em & to gre●e hem Eutropius   

¶ Capitulum 20  
Office and dignity be changed among the Romans/ For in stead of twey consuls be made trybunes of chivalry with the power of consuls Tho began the prouffyte of rome tencreace but this dignity dured not long/ R· About this time dyogenes the philosopher prospered. josephus in pol libro suo septimo saith that dyogenes was Anaximines' disciple jeronimus libro suo contra joninianum saith that he was an tistenes that was Socrates disciple and that I trow soothly For Seneca and valerius seyne that dyogenes was in the great Alysaundres time that reigned long after Anaxagoras but if there were many dyogenes in divers times as there were many Socrates jeronimus contra joninianum Dyogenes used a double mantel for cold and had a scrip in stead of his celer·s and a staff to lene to and dwelled in yates & outgoing of yates and knowleched sooth in yche side and took heed of the life of men that passed by the way/ For many manners of men stank as him seemed When that he punished himself in a ton. yet he had game that his house moeved ¶ He turned the mouth of his ton toward the south in cold time and toward the north in Summer time where ever the son were dyogenes house turned thyderward ¶ Valerius libro quarto capitulo tercio ¶ Alysaunder Macedo came to him sitting so in his ton and bade him ask somewhat of him/ I would said this Dyogenes that thou wouldest not let my son Thereof came that bysawe that alysaunder might lyghtlyer put darius out of his throne and out of his kingdom than dyogenes out of the state of virtue ¶ R Seneca libro quinto de benefycijs saith that dyogenes was myghtyer and richer than alysaunder· ffor there was more that he would not receive than Alysaunder might yeve & thenne Alysaunder was overcome for he found a man to whom he might naught yeve and he might take from dyogenes right naught/ ¶ Seneca epistola 94 et jeronimus contra ¶ Dyogenes bore in his scrip a dish of tree for to drink of· and saw a child drink of the pawme of his hand/ and braake his disshe anon/ and said how long shall a fool bear superflue farthels I wist not rather that kind had craft of drinking and he always after drank water of the pawme of his hand He never abated countenance neither his thought/ what ever mishaps befell him he never changed semblant/ he thought never of disease neither of fortune. he changed never his purpoos for sorrow neither for meschyef and said It falls not to a philosophre to change his wit for hap of fortune/ his death showed that he was virtuous and continent. For when he was old he went to the tornement of Olimpe/ He was taken with a fever in the way and say in a den by theway and his friends would have carried him thence on a be'st/ or on a char but he would not assent but went to the shadow of a tree and said I pray you go you hens and cease/ For this night I shall essay whether I shall overcome or be overcomen/ If I overcome the fever I shall come to the tornament and if the Fever overcome me I shall go down in to hell and laid down his heed and neck and was there all nyght· and showed not only that he would dye· but also that he would put over the Feure by death/ And in caas was he gyled by ensample and opinion of noble men that would gladly die and help to her own death I trow that he cleped hell the state of the soul after the death of the body ¶ Valerius libro 4 capitulo 3 ¶ Dyogenes weded wortes upon a time and one aristippus said to him if thou wouldest use flattery with denies the king thou ne should need to wede wortes. ¶ And▪ he answered if thou wouldest eat of these wortes. thou wouldest not flatter with denies Also dyogenes disputed on a time of wrath and one spy●ce in his face and he said I am not wroth but I doubt whether I should be wroth or no Seneca de ira libro tercio Dyogenes pleted once in cause and one lentulus spetted and threw ropy spotel in his face & he wiped his face and said I shall say after this that they all be beguiled that say that thou hast no mouth ¶ Pol libro octavo ¶ One behilde dyogenes and said thou hast right wanton gygly eyen wherefore his disciples would have beaten the man as a liar. let be fellows said Dyogenes For I am such one by kind but I refreigne me by virtue ¶ R Juvenal libro 4 satira prima/ writeth that Dyogenes would weep when he went out openly among men/ for he deemed all that he saw was wretchedness and woe But democritus died the contrary and lough when he went openly out among men for he held all that he saw ny●sty and fooly In libro de dictis philosophorum One that was foulest of all men showed his house to Dyogenes/ the house was wonderly pleasant and welbesene and this dyogenes spit in the man's face/  
And men axed of him why he did so/ and he answered and said for I see no so foul place in his house as his face/ Also it was axed him why he used a beard ¶ A woman said he berded/ is unseemly sight ¶ One said to him that one of his friends had spoken evil by him ¶ I doubt said he if my frond have said such words by me/ But it is openly known that thou hast that thing said ¶ Trevisa ¶ It is wonder that dyogenes used so lewd sophistry/ For here he maketh no difference. between the liar and him that accused the liar and warned men of his lesynges ¶ It is not one to speak evil by a man and warn him that a man speak evil of him/ and rehe●ce what evil was said ¶ saint johan in his gospel said not that the devil was in crist but the jews said that the devil was in criste And crist himself despised not god but he rehearseth how men bear him on hand that he despised god ¶ Than it folo●weth in thistory Also one said him that all men despised him And he said wit and wisdom must be despised of folly When evil spekers blame and missaye a man· it showeth that he is right good that is of hem myssayde Tullius libro primo de tusculis questione ¶ Dyogenes when he should die bade that he should not be buried but thrown and let lygge in a field/ owther upon an hill ¶ Than his friends sayden that he should be eten with beestes and fowls/ Nay quoth he but say a s●aff by me that I may therewith keep 'em away ¶ Whereto said his friends for thou shalt not feel than said he the eting of the bees●tes shall not grieve me when I shall not feel   

¶ Capitulum 21  
Denies the tyrant king of Scicile died and the young denies took the kingdom ¶ Valerius libro quarto Amon and Phiceas were two friends and denies would needs slay one of 'em/ ¶ And that one axed respyt●e to a certain day that he might the mean time dispose his goods. and Cataylle and took his fellow to the tyrant to plegge/ The day came and the man came not/ Therefore Denys deemed that other· that was an unwise pledge/ ¶ Nethelesse that other come atte hour that was sette· ¶ Than the tyrant wondered and foryave him the death/ and prayed that he might be one of her fellows ¶ Tullius de tusculis qon One damocles denies friend praised denies royalte and riches and said there was never man that had so great welth· ¶ Wiltow said denies essay my fortune and my wealth. and he granted Than denies made array a bed of gold and a rich table richly besene with great plente of d●ynteous meet and drink/ noble servants ready sweet songs and mirth enough Among all this he bade hung a bright sword and a sharp even above his heed by an horse here and the point downward even to his heedewarde And when he took none heed to all this liking for dread of the sword than denies said such is my life that thou holdest the life of wealth and of joy ¶ Valerius libro sexto ¶ When all men Siracusanes desired and prayed the death of denies the tyrant for his cruelty/ an old wydue in her last eld to god prayed for denies life and his health and when he wist thereof he wondered of the good will of the woman and axed what her moeved so to pray ¶ When I was said she a young wench I was overset with a tyrant and desired to be delivered of him ¶ And when he was slain one worse than he held the kingdom And when he was deed than had we the third that was worst of alle· And therefore jest a worse than thou come after thee/ I would yeve mine heed and my life to save thy life and thine health Tullius de officijs libro secundo ¶ Denys the king used no barber to shave his beard for he dread the barber's rasours full sore and sweled of the here of his beerde with fire  
¶ This denies on a time came in to a temple where many images were clothed in gold and he took away the gold from hem and said to them that were beside him/ this clothing is to heavy for summer and cold for winter ¶ Eft he took a crown out of an images hand of Mercury and said. Lo you see well that I take no thing from him but that he profrith me with his will That time Aristotle's in his eighteenth year of age learned of his master plato ¶ And nectanabus king of Egypte began to regne and reigned nynetene year  
¶ Pol libro quinto ¶ Furius Camillus Duc of Romayns died/ before is made mind of his great deeds  
¶ Gaufr and Alfr/ ¶ About that time Gurgunaus' King of Brytons that was Belyns son came out of Denemarche that warned him Trybute· that was wont be paid to him ¶ And fond by the Islands Orchades thirty ships full of men basclenses that thither were driven out of spain side and he sent 'em and their duke bartholomew in to Irlond that was tho void and inhabit R Look more hereof in the first book capitulo hibernia   

¶ Capitulum 22  
Othus' otherwise called Artaxerses the xij king of pers/ reigned twenty-five year/ In this time when furius camyllus was deed among the Romayns there fell a great pestilence among them so that in the myddel of the cyte the earth was opened & there was a great chin and a way to hell Atte last the dyvynours' sayden that that way to hell abode the buryenge of a quick man ¶ Than marcus cursius an horse man of Rome for to save the Cyte armed him and went down in to that clyffe· and so the clyf was closed The mean time the Romans fought against the galls ffrensshemen that destroyed ytalye & one of the galls proffered him to fight with one man body fordy than lucius mallius fought with him & slough him and took a byce of gold from his neck and died about his own and so took a surname for evermore to him and his offspring and was cleped torquatus that is a man with a byse/ For a byse is torques in latyn· ¶ Augus de ci. de/ li. 5/ ca· 18· saith that this torquatus slough his own son that had fought for the contrary and won the vyctory· he slough him for he had fought against his faders heest jest that deed should have be ensample of more harm and despite of the empire than the worship should be of the death of the enemy/ Philip king of macedonia that was held Alysaunders father begins to regne and reigned xxuj year In his time demostenes the advocate fairest speaker of all prospered. he went on a time to a fair strumpet called lays & was of corinth & lays axed of him an yefte/ that she clepeth nummun quantum & demostenes that was greatly moved in lust said that he would not buy so dyer & after be sorry & forthynk his deed Pol libro sexto ¶ This nummum quantum maketh/ x/ M/ pens of ours and is worth half the greater talentum that is worthy xx thousand pens of ours Trogus & val li· 8/ Demostenes the advocate was so busy to put of all manner let of his speech that noman spoke more clear than he· And though he had a well small voyx. netheles he used it so that he had a noble swooning speech Me axed of him oft what were most spedefull among wise men/ and he said most spedeful is to the knouleche of that he can naught ¶ Me tellyth of him that he spoke moche and long time while he had stones in his mouth but when the stones were out and the mouth void he was more ready to speak ¶ Agellus Messengers of the moloses came to athene and the first day of plea demostenes pleted against hem & withstood 'em/ ¶ On the morrow he was stopped with money for he should not speak against 'em The thyrdde day when the cause should be pleted demostenes come forth with wool about his neck and said that he had the squynacie & therefore he might not speak against the moloses Than one cried and said it is no squynacy but siluery that him aileth ¶ And demostenes afterward told out how it was & accounted it for a great worship and axed of Aristodimus what meed he had taken for to plede for 'em/ talentum said he/ and I said demostenes had weal more for to hold my peace Valerius libro septimo Twey men had taken money to a woman to keep and ordained that the woman should deliver the money to neither of hem by himself but to them both together/ long time after that o●e came & said that his fellow was deed & beguiled the woman & had the money of her. than not long after his fellow came and axed the money than the woman was pursued hard & grievously & demostenes came & helped her in this manner & said let 'em both come together & ask/ her money as it was ordained when the money was taken her to be kept & than the money shall be paid & no rather & for they came never to geders the woman was quytte. Yus li/ 1/ ca 31· King philip besieged the cyte athenes/ & axed x wise men of the cyte to be deliver to him & he would go away from the cyte & besiege it no longer. but demostenes counseiled nay & told this fable wolves sometime proffered friendship to shepherds on this condition that the shepherds should delyu her hounds to the wolves for your dogs said they make all the variance bytwyx you and us whereupon the shepherds delivered 'em the hounds/ ¶ Than the wolves when strength and ward of hounds was away slough and devoured all the sheep at her own will  
¶ So said he would this Philippe destroy this Cyte/ if it lacked wise men of counsel ¶ Othus king of pers turned the jews in to hircania ¶ The great Alysaunder is born in macedonia/ And denies is slain in Siracusa/ ¶ The Romayns overcomen the galls in the which fighting one of the Galls axed Marcus valerius a Tribune of Rome to fight with him in a singler battle body for body/ ¶ And while they fought a raven sat upon the right shulder of valerius and always smote to the eyen of the frensshman and so the Romayn gate the victory and the name/ and was afterward cleped corvinus for a raven is coruus in latyn. and corvinus was consul four and twenty year after that deed Pol libro septimo   

¶ Capitulum 23  
PLato the philosopher died when he had lived lxxxx year/ in so great reverence that me doubted long after his death whether that he should be accounted among the god's owther among half gods ¶ Plato was most excellent among Socrates' disciples and was called plato for he had a broad breast and a broad space between his brows/ ¶ For platoes in grew is latum in latyn/ brood in Englysshe/ ¶ Plato was born in Athenes ¶ Tullius de di/ libro primo capitulo decimo sexto ¶ While Plato was a child/ and say in his cradel and slept bees sat on his lips and dyvynours said that he should shine in sweetness of Eloquence ¶ Valerius libro primo capitulo quarto ¶ That night that Plato was set to Socrates' loore he deemed that a swan lay on his knees ¶ Pol li. septimo This plato in his first loore of lettrure was taught of denies/ In wrestling of Ariston Argus he despised not the craft of puture/ he feigned himself profitable to divinations and to gests And he trust on his endyting and tellyngys' as old wives use and would become a fighting man but socrates forbade him/ Valerius li/ 8 ca· 7· Socrates died atte last and plato turned to the loore of 'em that followed pyctagoras loore & worshipped 'em not only for here cunning but also for they were continent ¶ After that he went to theodorus cyrenensis and learned gemetry●. Than he went to egypt to learn astronomy Pol libro septimo ¶ And many ween that le learned there the prophecies of prophetes·s but the aoncpting of times suffrith him not to be in time of prophets. For austyn li/ 8 de ci ca 11/ saith that plato was born about an honderd year after the death of jeremye the prophet Than about a sixty year after his death the books of prophets came in to egypt in time of the king tholomeus/ there in that pilgrimage of Plato· Plato might not see jeremias that was deed long time before nowther rede the books of prophecy that were not yet translate in to grue Netheles many things be found in platoes books that acordeth with saws of prophetis ¶ Austyn libro 16 ca 20 & libro confessionunante finem saith that saint johannes gospel was founden in platoes books unto that place tenebre came non comprehenderunt that is to say derknes knew not light. ¶ For thapostle said that such philosophres vanished away in her thoughts/ I would not trout but that it is wreton in books of holy faders/ than Plato departed from egypte and came in to Ytaly and followed Carentinus articus that held pyctagoras loore· ¶ And th●● he would have goon unto the Indes & medes that couth nygromancye and wytchecraft but that the were of caldee let him for to pass And therefore when he found Ceno and permenydes/ he abode with hem and gathered her saws/ Shrews remoeved this three connyngys' into Scicilia by divers oppynyons·s For some moved that he came for to see thistory of kind and the reason of brenning of the montayne Ethna The second said that he came atte prayer of denies the tyrant to hold with the Cyt●ciracusa and for to teach their law/ the iij said that he came to reconsile one dyon to his countray by forgiveness and grace geten of denies ¶ jeronimuscontra jon Plato was ●iche for condition and time ¶ And dyogenes with his foul feet trade on his bed that was well besene ¶ Than Plato cheese a little town called achademia a mile out of Athenes in that town was oft pestilence and earth shaking and therefore he cheese that dreadful place for such dredeful haps should withdraw his scholars from temptation of lechery and for his scholars should feel none other liking/ but of things that they should learn ¶ Marc libro tercio ¶ This plato said that there be twey deaths by one death the soul forsaketh the body/ By that other death the soul while it is in the body forsaketh and despiseth bodily lykingges wrath and anger. and unskilful doings and this should philosophres desire/ ¶ Seneca de ira libro tercio ¶ Plato was once wroth with his servant and heat him do of his kertill and make his shoulders naked and bore but when he understood that he was wroth. he held his hand/ and stood as he would smite ¶ Than one of his friends pseusippus axed him why he stood so and what he did and thought/ and he answered and said I am about to punish a man and am wroth and worthy to be punished I pray the said he. bete thou this servant jest I bete him more than it needeth by cause of my wrath No man is in his power that is not in his own power ¶ R Helmande said that plato used to title his books by names of his maystries for they should be of the more authority either by names of scholars that he well loved Pol libro septimo saith that men tellen that Plato died/ for shame for he could not assaylle the question of shipmen/ I trow better that it was sooth of homerus as maximus saith/ Oft these twey men been t●ken either in stead of other for her great wit and wisdom & noble speaking and also for breed of breasts For it is certain that noble men and worthy hadden many names·s Pol li/ ●/ Philosophres that were cheped Zenofontini had great envy of platoes cunning and loose and feigned of him such a tale ¶ Flamanus the philosopher libro de vestygijs philosophorum saith/ that though many men tellen that plato yield up the ghost wilfully at a derk meaning of a number that was when he had fulfilled years of his age nine scythes nine that is four score & one Valerius libro nono capitulo decimo tercio ¶ Homerus for he might not assoylle the question died for shame and sorrow R ¶ Gregorius Nauzauzenus upon this word of the Apostle The wisdom of this world is folly before god/ and said that Plato walked upon the see clyf and biheld heaven than shipmen see him and lough him to scorn/ What have you said he ¶ They answered and said/ all that we have taken. we have naught and all that we have naught take we have  
¶ They had lowered their clotheses/ and slain all that they might take and so they had naught that they had taken  
¶ Plato thought on fish and wondered and eat naught ne slept For he made him so besye to find the solution of the question and so he died/ ¶ Valerius libro quarto ¶ Plato herd tell that his disciple Zenocrates had spoken moche evylle of him and greatly despised him/ ¶ Netheles Plato took none heed of this complaynte· and the jug axed him why he yaf no credence to the tale/ It is not to be yeul faith unto saith plato that him that I have loved so long loved not me also. but the jug swore that he had herd such tales of Zenocrate's mouth Than plato answered and said that Zenocrates would never tell such tales/ But it seemed that it were spedeful such tales to tell Valerius libro septimo. ¶ After Plato in his stead came his sister son pseusippus and after him Zenocrate's platoes scholar that he loved weal in the school called Achademia. And therefore they that came after them politinus/ Porphirius Apuleius and affer had that name of the school & were called Achademici As they had the name of Plato and were cleped platonici Valerius libro decimo Of this Zenocrates it is red that a fair common woman of Athenes received meed and undertook to make him lie by her and came at night and say by him in his bed but she might in no manere wise make him abate chastity/ than yonglynges scorned her/ For she might not abate the philosophres chastity ¶ I made no covenant said she of an image but of a man jeronimus contra joninianum ¶ Zenocrate's left to the men of Athenes but three hests of Tricolinus laws to worship father and mother & herie gods & eat no flesh Also in the ● dictes of philosophres it is wreton that Zenocrates saw one lad to be hanged & lough and said/ the greater thieves punish the lass ¶ Valerius li/ 6 in fine/ Also one pollemo otherwise called pollemius a young man of Athenes was full lecherous so that he had liking and joy not only of his evil doing but also he had great joy of evil loos and mysfame/ ¶ On a time he come from a feast not after the going down of the son but after the son ry●syng & went home and saw Zenocrate's gate open and was wine drunken and enoynted with oynementes and aparaild with garlands and ryally clothed entered in to the school in this manner full of noble doctors and set him down there for to scorn▪ the fair speech of the doctors in his dronkenesse Atte last every man had indignation of him but Zenocrates changed not his semblant but he left the matier that he spoke of and turned his speech to the matier of sobrenes of patience and sufferance & by his reasonable fair and noble speche· Polemius was compellid to take heed and first he drough to him his arm that he held stoutly without his mantel/ and than he threw down the garland of his heed and atte last be forsook all his evil liking so that of a fowl boller and goloton was made a great philosopher ¶ Pol libro septimo et Augustinus de civitate de● libro nono capitulo undecimo   

¶ Capitulum 27  
AFter Plato come aristotle a noble man of fame and of lore and of great wytt·s Netheles not so noble a speaker as plato But he passed many men in thoffice of teaching and was cunning in craft of fair utterance and showing to with say all other man's sentences/ he brought up the sect that is called paripatetica·s For he used to dispute wandering and walking while plato lived aristotle gathered many disciples in to his heresy. he made books of all manner philosophy and gave certain hests & rules in all manner philosophy ¶ Netheles passing all other he brought logic in to his right law/ ¶ This is called the philosophre as it were he that berith the price of philosophres·s So Rome is called the cyte· so maro/ the poet and so Aristotle the philosophre ¶ Netheles some men trowed that he was a fendes son/ for he was swyper and swift and clear of wit and desired great worship/ for by many manner sleyghtes·s he used to win and took worship before all other men/ Alexander de natura ¶ Aristotle among other taught eloquence fair and noble speech as it is specially seen in his comentes homeris/ and in dyte of troy the which he bytoke Alysaunder and in his dyalogus of poetes and in his tretice of rhetoric ¶ Aristotle xviij year old was sent in to Athenes and learned there of Socrates three year. And when Socrates was deed he was with plato xx· year till plato died/ and had so great favour of plato that plato called Aristotle's house/ the reading house/ and would oft say go we to the readers house ¶ And when Aristotle was absent Plato would cry understanding is away. the audience is deef/ he lived after plato's death xxiv year/ ¶ Sometime teaching Alisaunder sometime wending about with him in to many lands sometime making books sometime teaching disciples and so he lived in all lxiij year ¶ He made Alysaunder build ayene the Cyte stagerik that philip had destroyed and beaten down Therefore the men of that Cyte halloweth a fist day in worship of Aristotle and that feast is called Aristotileya and the month that this feast is hallowed in·s they clepe it stagirites Aristotle died in calcide & was brought in to stagerik. when alysander went against the perses aristotle was busy about philosophy and made an history of two honderd and fifty laws Aristotle put to many things of philosophy and to ethyk. that is the science of thews He put that parfyt wealth/ is not in worldly richesse ¶ Also to philosophy he put the fifth being ¶ Trevisa In libris de celo et mundo and in other books also Aristotle clepeth the welkin or firmament that is above the four elements the fifth body ¶ Than it followeth in the story that he withdrew nothing of divynyte. He made problems me dycynale of phisik and of kind in four score books/ And problems of perspective and of methaphisik ¶ Trevisa A problem is a question that is hard to assoylle and also an hard redels' is also cleped a problem ¶ Perspectyf is a science that specially longeth to the sight that science teacheth how a thing is seen and is lass owther more than it seemeth/ owther even as moche as it seemeth even or crooked and right as it is or other wise shapen than it seemeth ¶ Than it followeth in thistory he made statutes to iustefie the cities of grece by the which statutes philip determined & made end of pleas between the greeks He left after him his son nychomachus/ and his daughter pitharda and full many disciples among the which theofrastus was of great name He made the book de nupcijs of spousayls Aristotle made a thousand books and loved to follow truth. & not forsake thing that was openly known/ Auicenna preyseth him well libro tercio methapharo suo/ And raby moyses li· 1/ capitulo 4 & agellus li/ 8 capitulo tercio & johan in suo policrato li/ septimo/ This is he that moved archademia more with strength of reasons than it was moved with strong blasts of wind for through his business the Achademici that were left after. plato moeved doubts weal nigh of all things ¶ Also plynius libro suo saith/ That the great Alysaundre brent in covetise of knowleche of the kind of beestes and sent to Aristotle many thousands of men of Grece/ of Asia and of Tracia that fed beestes and fowls wild and tame and all that be taken with hawking owther with hunting and had all manner beestes in keeping in hives in lays in fish wears & ponds/ for he would know all thing that is brought forth in kind Aristotle examined all hem busily & made about a fifty volumes of the kind of beestes Therefore plinius de naturis recum libro secundo/ saith that sommen tellen that Aristotle made his books so shortly and so hard for envy and for vain glory ¶ Other say that he made his bookis in that manner to use of studientes as the science axeth for science is about thing that is good and hard to know Trevisa ¶ Here take heed that here all thing that hath life and feeling is cleped a be'st Than it followeth in thistory/ aristotle when he should die bad that his subtle books should be buried with him in his grave/ For they that come after him should have no proufyt thereof/ But I wot not by what virtue of kind owther of craft that I say not by wonder of wytchecraft that sepulchre hath so appropred there to that place that is about it that noman may come now in to that place/  
Somme men say that antecrist shall know that place and look and see the books that he there hide/ but who dare trow/ things that be in doubt and uncertain/ Of the death of Arystotle gg. Nauzauzenus in his tretice upon that word of the apostle The wisdom of this is folly before god And said that in grece at a place called the black brygge· the see ebbith and floweth as it were at one's in the same place And Aristotle came and would know the cause why and bihelde it & took heed long time/ & for he could not find the cause why· for great indignation he spoke to the water and said/ For I may not comprehend and take the thou shalt take me and so he fell in to the water and dreint himself ¶ Trevisa It is wonder that gregorius Nauze●zenus tellith so mad a magyl tale of so worthy a prince of philosophres as Aristotle's was/ why telleth he not how Aristotle declareth the matier of ebbing and flowing of the see. secundo meth/ why tellyth he not why it is wreton in the book of the appel how Aristotle's dyed and held an Appel in his hand and had comfort of the sinelle and taught his scholars how they should live and come to god and be with god withouten end  
¶ And atte last his hand began to quake and the apple f●lle down from his hand and his face wax all pale and so Aristotle yield up the ghost and died Than it followeth in thistory Aristotle's successor was theofrastus and had that name for his noble speaking of god so saith the master of thistories supli. math ¶ This theofrastus' made a book de nupcijs of wedlok & called the book theofrastus aureolus/ there be disputeth clearly of the teen and anguish of wedded men ¶ jeronimus talketh moche of that book against joninianus ¶ And this Theofrastus made another book of friendship and putteth and prefereth friendship before all other things of men/ ¶ Me saith that this theofrastus' accused kind for it yafe longer life to other beestes than to mankind ¶ There it is said that is spedeful that friends love we'll/ and not assay 'em that they love/ Also it is written there that loving men have blind domes   

¶ Eutropius ¶ Capitulum 25  
THe Romans ordained a bataille against the Sampnytes that be between campania and Apulia and have armour of gold and of silver ¶ The cause of battle was the land of campania that is best land and most pleyne ¶ The chief Cyte thereof is capna and is peer to Rome and to cartage in gretenesse and in plente ¶ Than lucius papirius dictator or orator of Rome was sent against the Sampnytes and he t●rnede ayene to rome and bade quintus Fabius master of the horsemen that he should not fight while he were a way. netheles Quintus saw and found occasion and faughte and sped well and skomfyte the Sampnytes/ And by cause thereof the dictator dampened him for he had fought against his heest in his absence ¶ Netheles he was delivered and saved by great favour of knights of the people. ¶ And so great stryf was arered against papirius that he was in ●opardy of his life But afterward in a place called furcule candeꝰ. the sampnytes had the Romans closed in narrow ways and strait & overcome 'em with so great shame that hem was liefer keep 'em a live to shame and to shenship. than slay 'em so closed and made 'em cast of her armour and her clothee/ and go on a long rue under the hill side and had of 'em a condition the which condition if the Romans had held they had been deed owther bond men to the sampnytes Titus' livius  
¶ The duke and the leder of the sampnytes called poncius had ord●●gned his host besides Furcule candynes where the Romans should pass That place is closed with hills on either side & hath a plain in the myddel between high lands with strait entre and straight out going Poncius had sent some of his knights b●fore clothed as heordes that kepen beestes and that they should answer the host of Romans that would pass and ask after the sampnytes where they were and the knights to answer that the sampnytes were passed to besiege a cyte called lucrecia that was comfedred with the romayns/ and when the Romayns herd that anon they went swiftly in to the valley of furcule as it were for to speed 'em to succour the Cyte that was besieged/ but in the mean time the sampnytes knights and other hew down trees and stopped the entry and the outegoing of the valley and went in to the tops of the hills & so the Romans were compelled by meschyef to ask peace of the Sampnytes owther a battle of knights ¶ Than poncius the duke answered and said now the battle is done and granted peace upon this condition that the Romans should yield up her clothing and her armour and go all naked sauf her privy membres in a long rue under the hill side and yielded up pleggys' three hond●rd horsemen of the Romans ¶ T Enter The year that followed after by heest of the Senators the dictator ●●cius papirius scomfyted the Sampnytes ¶ Orocius libro tercio After that victory there fell so great pestilence in Rome of death and of lightning that all the cyte made sorrow for deed men & for seek/ than they looked the books of Sibylle the wise and took counseylle and scent in to Epydauru a cyte of grece for to have a mawmette the image of Esculapius· he is feigned god of medicine and showeth him to his worshippers in the likeness of a serpent Item Orocius ¶ wives of Rome brenning in wood love toward her own husbands made as they trowed drinks of love and yet the drinks were veray poison and death A wench that knew that doing warned the Senators thereof than the wives were compellid to drink of the same and by the violent poison of that drink many of them fell down suddenly deed. and two hundred wives and seventy that were mays●●s of the doing were dampened to the death/ ¶ About that time Guytelynus Gurguncius son reigned in Brytayn· his wyf marcia was right cunning and could many manner crafts she made the law called marcene law. R ¶ Look more hereof in the first book capitulo de legibus Gaufr  
Also this marcia reigned somewhat of time after her husbands death and after her reigned Sicillius and after him kymarus davius after davius morindus that was full cruel/ but at last a be'st devoured him   

¶ Capitulum 26  
ARsanius otherwise called artaxerses othus son was xiij year king of pierce and reigned four year In his first year jadus bishop of jews prospered ¶ Philip king of macedonia was deed by trayson of one pansania Trogus libro nono This philip was moor busy about deeds of Arms than about feestes and gave him more to win richesse than to keep it And for all that he rob always yet he was ever needy and loved mercy and falseheed both like well and was untrusty in his speech/ and would behote more than he would perform He couth feign him gracious and well apaid when he was wroth & wroth when he were well apaid He used to make wrath between parties and get thank on either side ¶ Trogus libro septimo This when he had first overcomen the men of athenes he let the prysonners go by his good will than he wedded olimpyada Neoptholomeus the kings daughter of the moloses and bigate on her the great Alysaunder ¶ These gave an assault to the cyte mathona and there his right eye was smyton out with the struck of an arrow/ but for that wound he was never the slower to fight ne wrother with his enemy/ but at last men yield up the Cyte and than he was mild and merciable to hem all Trogus libro octavo This philip was enemy to men's freedom he nourished firyfe in cities & helped the lass aienst the more & brought both in to thraldom the victor & him that was overcome/ so he made to him ij/ brother kings of tracia subget that put her querele in his arbytration to dame rightly between 'em to make final peace ¶ He made subget to him the Bardanes and other nations by such manner fraud ¶ He made his wives brother Alysaunder a youngling of/ xx. year old to use fornication alway/ for he would have him afterward the more bound to him and to his service ¶ Trogus libro 14 Philip sometime werred against the Shi●es and scomfyted 'em more with gyle and fraud than with virtue and strength He had with him on a time twenty thousand children of women & of beestes with twenty thousand noble mares for to do what it were in macedoyne as it were to have somme manner new men to dwell therein And on a time he turned from the tebans men of thebes in grece that warned him passage/ and was wounded in his thigh wonderly sore so that through his thy his horse was slain that he road on Netheles he scomfyted 'em solemnly but that day for the victory he seemed never the gladder of cheer to his own men/ ne the more stierne to hem that were over come but he sent again the prysonners and restored ayene three honderd wisemen that were put out All these wise men when five of 'em were accused of the trespass said that they all were even peers in doing of that deed Yet philip arrayed an host of two honderd thousand foot men and fyften thousand horsemen to were in the Ream of pers and made one Attalus duke and leder of that host this duke's sister Olympiada was philippes wyf and afterward put away and forsake/ ¶ Therefore when Philip sat at feste of spousayle without wardcorpses Pansania a noble young man slough him right there ¶ The cause thereof was this· Atthalus had despitefully scorned this pansania and done him greet vylenye first privily and after openly in a great feast and revel & he complained oft to Philip of the despite that atthalus had done him and had none amendes·s therefore he turned his wrath and was wroth with philippe and slough him in that manner for vengeance of that deed ¶ Olimpiada philippes wyf and alysaunder philippes son were had in suspection and not held all guiltless of that deed ¶ Olimpiada for that she was forsaken· and Alysaunder for the despite in that was done to his mother And specially for philip oft reproved his son alysander for his mother was so forsaken & was often in point to rese on him with his sword And therefore Alysander exiled. dwelled a while with his uncle in epyrus Trevisa This land is tracia and was sometime the land of Epyrotes/ It followeth in thistory he hanged afterward pansania & crowned olympyada with gold & brent aftward her body upon her husbands body/ Trevisa/ Who that knoweth this cronyque a right knoweth that it was used sometime in divers lands to brenne noble bodies when they were deed and keep the asks solemnly in reverent place It followeth in thistory he hanged cleopatra Atthalus sister ¶ This philip was sometime warned & saved himself from the violence of a chariot Therefore he undid all the charyottes and chares that were in his kingdom Also he avoided and withdrough him from that place called chariot in boecia/ and come not therinne ¶ Netheles he escaped not pansanias sword in the hilt of that sword was engraven a chariot ¶ Pol libro sexto capitulo sexto ¶ While philip ordained his host he forbade all men all manner carriage that gooth upon wheels and commanded every ten foot men bear about with 'em stones and ropes. In summer time he made men bear meele & flower and quernes on her neck for thyrtty days ¶ Trogus libro primo   

¶ Capitulum 27  
THe great Alysaunder when his father was dede· bygan to regne after his father in macedonia in his xx. year of age & reigned but xij year and sex months/ He was greater than his father both in vices and in virtues/ Netheles his father was the wiser man of counseylle/ but the son was the greater man of heart ¶ The father would oft keep secret and overcome his own wrath·s the son used not to seche love nowther the manner of wretch/ either loved well wine and were both good deynkers The father would slay but his enemies and the son would slay both his enemies and his friends ¶ The father would be loved but the son had liefer be dread. they were of one believe/ the father gave him to skylful largeness of yefts/ and the son gave him to lechery Vynceun libro quinto The year of othus' king of pers xv of philip king of macedoine xij and of nectanabus king of egypt xvij. othus occupied egypte and put out nectanabus· If this nectanabus dread were and battle he would not array and gadre his hoost·s neither ordain gins of were but he would go secretly in to a private place and take with him a basine of clear water and make ships and men of wax to the likeness of a ship in the see so that it should seem that all though moved and were alive Also he would take a yerde of fyrre hollow/ within as a pipe and he would speak in the holownesse of that yerde and clepe gods above and bynethe and so he would found to drown his ship of wax in the basin/ And so it should byfalle that by drenching of the wax and of the tapres that were brenning his enemies should drench in the see/ He heard tell on a time that Indes perthes medes Arabes and other nations also had conspired to rise against him and he broke on laughing and went to do his craft that he used/ and he known by that that he should be overcome but if flight might help him· Anon he bade shave his heed. and took all the precious riches that he had and came in to macedonia and said that he was a astronomer/ and philip the king was thoo out of countray/ & occupied in were and nectanabus by his enchauntement and his fantastic feigning gate such love of the Queen Olimpias. that he say by her in likeness of jupiter horned and bygate the great alysander/ Than when the queen. was with child many fowls flow about philip that was tho occupied in were But among other fowls an hen laid an egg in philippes lap and when that egg was smitten of his lap to the ground a dragon leapt out of the shell and crept all about and while he would have cropen in to the shell that he came out of. he died anon/ Than Antiphon a noble dyvynoure was demanded what that should signefye & he answered & said that philip should have a son born that should go about all the world but he should die oer he came ayene For a dragon is a ryall be'st and an egg hath the shap of the world ¶ Afterwards when Olimpias was travelling of child were herd and seen earth quaking lightning and thunder Quintus curcius All t●at day sat twey eagles upon the coppe of the house that boded & sygnefyed twey great empires of europa and asia Vyncen The child is born and named Alysaundre with fair heier and fair eyen one yellow another black ¶ jeronimus epistola 85 ¶ Alysaundre might not leave the manners and the vices and the lechery of his master leonydes. in the which he was infect while he was a child and used 'em when he was lord of the world/ ¶ And therefore his father philip put away leonydes and made Aristotle to be Alysaundres master ¶ Seneca ¶ Alysaunder put that leonydes afterward to lions to be devoured  
¶ Vincen ¶ When Alysaunder was twellif year old he had great liking and joy to be in host among men of Arms/ and to lepe on horse and used himself right knyghtly On a day when Philip was absent. Alysaundre prayed Nectanabus that he would teach him his craft and he granted/ and when they came together to a deep water pytte· alysander threw the witch in the same pit And when he was deed wounded he axed of Alysaundre why he died so ¶ Thy craft said Alysaunder is to blame for it warned not the this change. there thou lyeste neveling and shouldest tell after these things o● heaven/ and he answered and said/ ¶ Not man may flee his own destiny/ ¶ Trevisa/ ¶ Nectabanus said this saw & was a wytche & therefore he is nevir the better to be believed But it were a vile shame/ for a cristen man to believe this falls saw of a wytche. For from every myshap that man is shape/ in this world to fall in/ god may him save if it be his will Than it followeth in the story nectanabus said I know well by this craft that mine own son should slay me/ what said Alysaunder art thou my father & he told alysandre all thing by order as it stood & died anon after/ than alisander ordained him a grave & told his mother of all this/ that time philip took great thought who should be his heir and king after him & had answer of appolyn delphicus that who that ever might ride his horse without fall or hurting should be his heir and lord of the world/ Alysander heard tell hereof of philippes horse called Bucyfall right perilous and bytyng· and alway kept in cloos and neyed as it were in the roaring of lions. netheles alysaunder took the horse by the mane & led him out & leapt on his back & road him without hurting/ Philip heard thereof & worshipped alysandre as lord of the world/ therefore alisander in his xuj year fought in chariots & had the victory & won the cyte mathona that his father had lost/ and when he came hoome again he saw messengers of pers in his father house challenge tribute that they were wont to have for land and for water/ what seid alisaunder chalengith the king of pers/ the Elements that be common to all men & beestes/ than he bade darius leave of & cease of unskilful doing Gir in top· In an homely & special company & mirth alisandre herd a sweet harp and he kytte the strenges & said is is better to kytte strenges than hearts/ he conceived that by the sweet melody his heart should be moor turned to liking than to hardiness. to ease than to chivalry/ to lechery than to vertu/ to bestly liking than to manhood/ netheles histories sayen that antigonus broke the harp that alysander took great delight to here. & says it befalleth to thy age now to regne. be than ashamed to suffer women's lying to regne in a kings body Tullius ¶ While alysaunder gate favour of men by yefts of money/ his father wroote to him in this manner/ What error hath brought the in to that hope that thou troweste to have 'em true to thee/ that thou haste overcome with money. he that receiveth is the worse and also more ready to wait after yefts thereby he taketh heed to the as to a servant and a yever of yefts and not as to a king   

¶ Capitulum 28  
THe xiv king of pers darius Arsanius son/ began to regne the second year of alysander and reigned six year ¶ Trogus libro 11 ¶ Than Alysaunder slough his stepdame's son caranus and all his own kin that seemed able to the kyngdome· for that no matier of stryf should leave in macedoyne when he were out of the land Than he allayed craftily many stryves that were bygonne and went in to corinth/ he began to restore the were in pers that his father had bygonne He made subget the lacedomones and the athenens that were rebel by counseylle of· demostenes Than the Attenens with the flemes thebans gave themself to darius king of pers He deled his heritage among his friends and believed that Asia were alone enough for him· And therefore he bade the knights spare the things of Asia/ he left the duller men to keep his kingdom/ macedonya and had with him the sharpest witted men ¶ Old men of sixty year that had travailed with his father. he made them maystres/ and leders of his host/ for they put hope in brain and not in feet and trust in the victory and not in the flight In Alysaundres host were/ xxxiij M foot men and five thousand horsemen Therefore it was doubt whether it was more wonder that alysaunder might win the world with so little strength/ owther that he durst auntre him with so little strength ¶ Petrus 196 ¶ Than Alysaunder passed the see Elespontus/ and overcome darius dukes and leders that were assembled against him upon the granicus ¶ Than he passed forth through lidia through y●onia. through pamp●ilia and took the cyte Sardes/ that is set between the twey Frygyes Trogus libro undecimo ¶ Alysaunder herd of the coming of darius and dread the streytnesse of places and went up to the hill mount taurus & laid on fifty furlongs and had the mastery and came to tharses full of swote and of powder or dust and threw himself in to a water that springeth there/ than his sinews began to shrink so that he should have died anon but he had taken a drink of philip a Phisicien Netheles darius had before yeven to philip a great some of money for to slay alysaunder and Alisaundre had lettres thereof and was warned that he should in no wise take drink ne medicine of Philip'S hand/ ¶ Netheles Alisaundre took trustly a drink of Philippes hand/ But he took him first the same lettres to rede. after four days alysander was hole and darius passed the river Eufrates at mount taurus with iiij C·M/ foot men & an honderd thousand horsemen & set forth the forward and sheltron There was strong fighting & either king was wounded/ darius fled fast away four score/ M footmen and ten thousand horsemen of his were slain and thirty thousand were taken. his castles and walled towns were beaten to ground. darius mother and his wyf and his twey sisters were taken but her life was saved and they be to new marriage taken Than alysaunder bigan to live lecherously and loved barsines that was taken and gate on her hercules. Than he desired to be king of the eest. and went in to Syria ¶ Petrus 146 Than one Saraballa made a subgestion to king alisaundre that the jews would be the lass rebel if their power were deled a two & by leave of the king they build a temple in the hill mount gazarim that dured to the destruction that was done by the Romans and ordained abysshop there in manasses that had wedded his daughter and was jadus the bishops brother ¶ Trogus libro 11. While alisander was in siria many kings of the est came against him & lords with crowns and dyademes some of hem· he took to his company & some he bename her kingdoms & put new in her stead & put down many gentlemen & put ungentilmen in her stead. among the which he put of gentlemen & made an ungentilman lord of the sidonies that lord was wont before to worche for hem & lave up what of pits & what orchards & gardens so he did for men should take heed and trust to be anaunsed by their noble deeds & not by her great blood· Trogus li/ 18· That time alisander filled the ditches and took the cyte tirus & heng in croyses all that dwelled there out take stracons blood. Trogus li/ 81· sometime were many churls in that cyte tirus & conspired together & slough her lords that were vyctours long time and all her free men & occupied her houses and wedded her wives/ and bygate free children though himself were bond ¶ Netheles one churl of so many thousand hid his lord called stracon and savede him goodly/ Than the churls come together to ch●se 'em a king and were assented that which of hem might first espy the son rising on the morrow he should be her king. this good churl warned his lord strakon of this doing & strakon counseled the churl that when they were all common at night in to the felled & looked Estward after the son he should look westward and so he did and showed him wonderly the light of the son beams shining on the highest towers of the Cyte. but hem semede that that manner doing come of no churls wit and axed fast who was counseylour of that deed and he knowleched that it was his lord/ than it was known how greatly wit of lords passed wit of churls/ than the old men and his children had grace & stracon was choose king/ this man doing of churls comynly was used in every land unto alysaunders time/ He took the cyte & slough all that was therinne except stracones blood/ jose li/ 11/ Than alysandre written to jadus prince of preestes in Iherusalem that be should ordain for him vytaylle and tribute that he was wont to pay to darius the king/ jadus warned and said nay/ for he was sworn to darius to pay him that tribute/ therefore alysander was displeased with the jewes·s Petrus li/ 196·. Than alysander went forth and took the Cyte Gaza when he had besieged it twey months and from thence he went toward jerusalem And jadus the Bishop as he was taught in his sleep arrayed him in bishops array and went with other preestes against king alysaunder & showed him the prophecy of danyel· in the which prophecy it was said that one of the Greeks should destroy the power of the perses and that by gods doing and so jadus gate grace of the king and release of the tribute for seven year  
Trogus libro 11· Than he won roodes·s and egypt as it were without battle/ Than he went to jupiter ammon to wit of him reed & counsel of haps that should bifalle & also of his own birth/ For his mother olimpias was beknowen to philip·s that a great serpent had geten alysaunder on her & not Philippe therefore philip in the last time of his life told openly that Alysander was not his son and therefore he forsook Olympyada and put her away from him/ ¶ Than Alysaunder desired to gete him lineage and birth of godheed and also to put of the sklander of his mother Than alysaunder gave meed to the bishops and warned 'em what answer he would have and went in to jupiter's temple and was worshipped as he were goddess son ¶ And therefore he wax the more proud and uneasy and lost the visage of thews that he had learned in lettres of grue Than he turned in to egypt/ and there build the cyte allexandria. and passed forth and warred upon the Cyte of Samaritans and wan it and gave it to Macedoyns to dwell in ¶ For the Samarytes had slain one Andromachus. that Alysaunder he left to keep the countray/ Augus de ci dei li 4 ca 4 Pol li 3 That time Alisaunder axed of one dyonydes a thief of the see that was taken· why he rob the see and he answered and said stydfastly for the same skill that thou robbest all the world wide/ but for I do with a little ship therefore I am called a thief & for thou dost it with a great navy thou art cleped an emperor towching the cause thereof/ is no difference between us· but vnfortune & unhap out take that he is werste that stelith most/ were alysaundre taken all one. he should be cleped a thief. and if the people were ready to dyonydes' commandment than dyonydes were an Emperor ¶ The laws that I flee thou impugnest and withsayst 'em/ little fortune/ poverty and scarsite of riches maketh me a thief. great pride and covetise that may not be fulfilled maketh the a theef· On caas if my fortune and riches were withdraw I should be better than I am now And thou the more fortune and riches that thou hast/ the worse thou shalt be/ Alysaundre wondered of his stydfastnesse· & said I shall essay if thou wilt be the better/ if thy fortune be changed/ so that after this thou shalt wite it thine own manners and not fortune what thou trespassist and dost amiss justinus li·6/ When siria was overcome. alysaunder and darius came eft to geders in battle for to fight/ darius sent lettres to alysaunder in this manner/ darius king of kings & cousin of gods sendith to his servant alysander charging & commanding the that thou return to my servants thy forfaders that yet liest in thy mothers lap I hot that thou learn man's offyce & till thou come thereto. I send to the a scourge a ball & a purse with gold· the scourge bitokeneth the to take heed to thy lore the bal acordeth to the playing of thine age & the money may relieve the in thy way & but thou be obeyssaunt to my commandements & hests & do as I command/ & charge I shall send men that shall scourge the & bind the & bring the bound before my lordship & mageste/ these sayings made the lords that were with alysander sore abashed & afeard Than alysander answered 'em & said why be you abashed of these words that have more of brag & of boost than of trust & of truth It is the manner of the feblest hounds to berke most & ever the lass might they have they berke the faster Than alysander written to darius in this manner alysander king of kings and lord of lords and cousin of gods sendith greeting to darius Thou hast sent me a scourge a ball & money of gold therbi I knoulech that thou hast covenablye granted me all thing/ for it behoveth that I use a scourge among my subgettis/ the roundenesse of the ball signefieth that I shall be lord and emperor of all the wide world/ the gold that thou hast sent me behoteth me lordship of all thy richesse and treasure the great boost that thou makest of richesse maketh us to have the greater will to were against thee/  
Trogus libro undecimo ¶ at last darius was overcome & fled in to babylone and prayed Alysaunder by lettres that he might ransom his men that were taken prisoners But alysaunder challenged not only money but all the hool kingdom/ Eft darius proffered Alysaunder his daughter/ and a great par●e of his kingdom with her/ But alysaunder charged him to deliu to him his owne· and commanded darius to come meekly and receive as the vyctor will ordeyne· Than darius had none hope of peace and came against alysaunder with/ iij. C.M. foot men & an C/ M. horsmen· Netheles it was told him by the way that his wyf was deed in travail of child in Alysaundres warde· & that alysaunder had buried her with gre●e worship. Netheles alysander did it not for love/ but for manhood of himself/ therefore darius written to him the third time thanking him that he was curtoys to all his and died 'em no despite ne enuye· & proffered him the more part of his kingdom unto the river eufrates & his daughter with thirty/ M talentes for the other deal of his men that were taken prysoners·s Alysaunder answered thanking of enemies is but vanity/ It needeth not said he flatter among rese of were than he promised him array his sheltron/ owther yield him & his/ namely while that land may not suffer twey kings that be like great Than Alysaunder went privily in to darius tents/ and met happily with darius and said. I am Alysaunders messenger and I tell these tidings I hold him no king. that hyeth him slowly in to battle. whether thou be Alysaunder said Darius that speakest so boldly/ Nay said Alysaunder but I am his messenger ¶ Than Darius brought him· in to soper where Alysaunder of every vessel that was proffered him to drink he drank of the wine & put the vessel in his bosom When darius was warned hereof by his servants/ he was wroth & reproved alysander as a thief/ this manner said alysander is used in alysandris court. and therefore I wend it be so used And so the king was apaid and the noise cessed ¶ But one that was at feste knew Alysaunder & thereof Alysaunder was soon war and fled anon and slough a child of pierce that held his horse at gate and passed the river and came to his men Darius followed Alysaunder but alysander charged that none of his men should pass the river/ and that his men should yeve way and let the perses pass Trogus libro undecimo Theridamas was strong fighting and atte last darius 'gan to i'll and Alysaunders knights pursued and took great prays full thyrtty days Than that rich cyte persipolis that was the chief cyte of pers was taken but darius fled with many sore wounds and his own cousins put him in bounds of gold/ but at last darius died and alisaunder buried him with great solemnity and worship ¶ Trogus libro 1● ¶ The mean time messengers came with lettres out of macedonia and told that Antipater the wardayn and kepar of the countray had overcome cacides king of spartania that is lacedomonia and also alysaunder king of epires that is tracia but Antipater also was fowl born down ¶ Also Zephiron Alysaunders stuard with thirty thousand fought against the shytes and were all destroyed· when Alysaunder had herd these tidings. he made three days greet moon and sorrow. than his knights trowed that he would return to his own countray/ Netheles alysaunder comforted his knights to travail and win strange lands of the eest/ & said that he sought not darius body/ but his kingdom and his land ¶ son after he wan the mardes and the hircanes Also talestris the queen of Amazons with three honderd women met with Alysaunder and came xxxv journeys among right cruel men for to have children by king Alysaunder. The sight and the coming of her was wondered to all manner men and specially for the message that she brought was wondered & not used Than she lived there xiij days/ in fleshly liking and went her way ¶ R Netheles Alysaunders story tellyth that Alysaunder axed tribute of the queen of Amazons and she written to him in this manner ¶ Of thy wit is wonder that thou wouldest fight with women/ For if it hap that fortune favour us and thou be overcome than thou art shamed for ever more and if thou overcome us thou getest but little worship of victory of women ¶ Trogus libro 12   

¶ Capitulum 29  
AFter this Alysaunder took the clothing and the dyademe of the king of pers as thaugh he would pass in to the manner and usage of macedonia ¶ And for it should not seem that all one he trespassed in that doyng· he. bade his friends also use long clotheses of gold/ Also he deled the times and stempnes of the nights among company of strompettes and put to noble meet & drink jest fasting destroyed lechery he highted his meels with divers plays and had no mind that great richesse is lost by such manner doing and not gete ne won. Therefore men began to have indygnation of him for he forsook the usage and the manners of his forfaders/ He let knights wed women that were taken prysonners/ for they should take and suffer more easily the travail of chivalry and think the lass of their own country/ he held that macedonia should be strenger/ if young knights come after old faders and used deeds of knights with in the bounds of their own birth/ And should be the more stall worth afterward if they pight her tents as it were in her own cradles/ Also Alysaunder ordained feeding for childre· hers·s and armour for the yonglynges hire & wages for the faders/ & if the faders died the sons should receive the wages of the faders and so her childhood should be as it were knighthood & chivalry/ than when the parties were chased Alysaunder way cruel among his own men and hated most if any of his men with said him of any manner dede· There he slough one permenion an old man that was next the king and permenyons son phil●ta also/ for they told him that he overturned and destroyed the manners and the usages of the countray and of his fornfaders Than Alysaunder dread jest tidings of that deed should come in to macedonia. he made it as he would send some of his friends in to macedonia to. tell there tidings of the vyctoryes and of the great deeds that he had do and bade that men should write lettres all that would tidings send and made the messengers bring him the lettres pryvately for he would know all men's will that would lettres send owther for he would reward 'em that were true owther send 'em that were falls in to far lands Pol· Alysander was oft drunken and than he was cruel among his meinie/ And so it happened on a time that he gave doom against one the greatest of his palace that his heed should of/ And he appeled anon right· ¶ But for me used to appeal from the lass to the more. the tyrant that was wine drunk turned in to more wodenesse and said from whom and to whom appellyst thou/ I appelle said he from Alysaunder the drunk to alysaunder the sober/ By that answer Alysaunder abated his wrath & put of the sentence and doom/ and fully foryave him the trespass ¶ Trogus Than he subdued the people that dwelled atte foot of the hill cancasus and build the cyte Alexandria upon the river thanays ¶ R Here take heed that Alysaunder build xij· cities every of 'em called Allexandria in divers kingdoms and lands/ ¶ Atte river thanays Pontus Shician mesagetes Egypt Troada at Tigris and at Staurus. and made write in the walls of the cities in lettres of grue Alexander jupiter's cousin ¶ Trogus libro duodecimo ¶ The men that be closed with in the waters that be called Palludes meotydes sent a letter to Alexander in this maner· If gods would that the having of thy body were even to the coveitese of thy soul the world might not receive the· whether thou know not that trees that grow long time be rooted up in a little while/ than take heed and bewar that thou fall not with the tree while thou takest to the the bows Oft the lion is meet to small beestes and to fowls and rust destroyed iron/ there is no thing so strong and stydfast that may not be brought in to peril and that by a feeble thing and weal little worth/ ¶ What cyleth the at us/ we came never in thy land we may serve no man and we keep not to regne ¶ And thou hast joy to pursue thieves and thou art every nations thef What need hastow to riches that maketh the the more needy to desire moor riches To the victory is cause of battle/ no man suffereth gladly an alien lord/ And if thou art god thou shouldest yeve men benefice and yefts and take fro no man his own If thou be a man think what thou art/ thou might have friends of hem that thou hast not grieved/ and them that thou hast overcome thou might have 'em ever in suspect. between a bond man and his lord is no manner friendship though they be in peace/ One day at a fist among Alisandres trusty friends was speech of the deeds of philip the kings father There Alysaundre began to booste and make himself more worthy than his father and a great deal that were at feste held up Alisandres oil But olitus an old man and wise trust in the kings friendship and praised the father and anon Alisandre slough him for that great preysing but afterward when the kings wodenesse was cessed he bithought him of the person/ that was slain of the cause of his death and of the fist time and made so great sorrow that he desired to die. the tears broke out of his eyen and he wept full sore Than he biclypped the deed corpse and gropeth the wounds and drew out the shaft and proffereth to stick himself therewith ¶ For this olitus sister was alisandres norse/ this sorrow dured four days and one calystenes alisaundres school fere under aristotle allayed this sorrow uneath with great business ¶ Trogus libro duodecimo ¶ But not long afterward for this calystenes the Philosopher would not use the manner and the array of pers' Alysaunder bore him on hand that he was a falls espy and heat smite of his limbs and threw the stoke of the body in to a pit and an hand with hym· But one lysimachus a gentleman and a noble made him drink venom for remedy of his sorrow ¶ Than Alysaunder was wroth for that deed and put this lysimachus to a lion to be eten but he wrapped a clot about his hand and put in to the lions mouth/ when the lion resed and razed of the tongue and slough the lion. Alysaunder saw that and loved him the more afterward ¶ Solinus ¶ After this Alexander came to the hills of caspy there the children of boundage of the ten lygnages of Israel were closed and prayed for licence to Alexander to go out of that closing/ And when Alysaunder had understand that they were closed there for her sin/ and that it was prophesied of 'em that they should not go thence/ Alisaunder closed them· faster & stopped her out going with stones and glue and he saw that man's wit was not suffisaunt to do that deed and prayed god of Israel that he would fulfil that werk. and deed than the cops of the hills went and closed together/ and so the place was closed that noman might come thereto ¶ R But they shall go out atte worlds end and slay many men so saith josephus After this Alexander about the tenth year of his kingdom went to Ind and covered the armour of his knights with silver and went up in to the noble cyte nysa/ thence he led his host toward the holy hill where men he'll there privy harnays with ivy leves·s there with a sudden doing of the hill his host was moved to cry to god almighty with holy cryes·s ¶ Than he went to the hills called montes dedaly that be in the kingdom of the queen cleofilis·s and for she might not withstand him with Armour in fighting/ she let the king lie by her and she ransomed the kingdom/ The son that she had by alisander was named alysaunder and was Emperor of Ind after his mother/ ¶ But the queen was cleped the kings harlatte while she was a live/ than Alysaunder came to a stone of a wonder sharpnesse· moche people were fled thither for succour/ At that stone hercules was forboden further passage for he should pass no ferther But Alysaunder would pass hercules deeds and gate that place with great travail and perille and made the people yield them to his mageste ¶ After that Alysaunder fought with porrus king of Ind/ he slough Alisaunders horse that hete bucyfall/ Netheles porrus was wounded all about and take prysonner And Alysaunder restored him ayene to his kingdom Netheles this porrus was so sorry that he was overcome that he would not eat ne suffer men hele his wounds   

¶ Capitulum 30  
When Alysaunder had gone about the last clyff of ocean he arrayed him to were in the Ilond Bragmans'/ They sent him such a letter King we have herd of thy bataylles/ & of thy vyctoryes/ but what shall suffice the whom all the world sufficeth not. richesse we have none for the which me should were on us. All our good is comune to us all/ Meet is our riches/ Vile clothing and sckars we have in stead of gold and great array Our women be not arrayed for to please For great array is accounted charge among us and not highness and fairness Our women desire no more fairness than they have of kind ¶ Our dry dyches and dens standeth us in double stead/ in stead of our herberowe while we live and in stead of our graves when we be dede· ¶ If we have sometime a king/ It is not for to do right· but for honest of kind/ We have among us neither domes ne plee· for we do not thing that needeth redress by plea owther by dome· we desire no more than reason of kind axeth· we hold needful that we know is mesurable and not to moche/ Euenesse of povert maketh us all ryche· our people hath one law and doth nothing against the law of kind we use no travail that slhod make us covetous we shone and forsake fowl sleuthe and lechery we do no thing that nedith punysshing/ It is unlawful to us to wound the hills with culture and with share. we use no gloteny ne outrage of meet and drink and therefore we be not seek/ we dwell in dry dyches heaven findeth us kevering & earth findeth us bedding We be no werriours we make peace with good living and not with strength Also no father followeth thoffice of his sons death  

¶ Committatur exequias  
¶ We seche no plays & japes for it is right liking to us to behold the firmament and the stars of heaven/ we be men of simple speche· It it common to us all not to lie/ god of all is our god for he hath liking in words and in deeds by a manner likeness of love/ He is a word spirit and thought and is not plesid with worldly richesse but with holy works and thankynges of his grace Rno allexandri If it be as thou sayest dindimus bragmans' alone be accounted in the number and tale of mankind they be without vices and riches. they acompte wrongefull all the deeds that we doo· they acompte grievous the benefice that god hath granted to the help of mankind. help and service of crafts they acompte sinful and atte last they destroy the laws of living. than either they say/ that they be goddes·s or that they han envy to god and by cause thereof they blame the fairest of creatures Responsio dindimi ¶ We be not at home in this world but from home as gests/ we come not to dwell here but to wend hens. we be not allayed with charge of sins/ but without such manner charges/ We draw nigh our own house and high fast homeward/ we say not that we be gods we have none envy to god/ But we say that we will not mysuse goodness of god almighty. We say not that all thing is seemly that is lawful/ god hath put the use of things in man's freedom than he that leaveth the worse and followeth the better/ is not god but he is made gods frende· ¶ When the swelling of wealth hath bolned up pride than you forget that you be men and seyn that god rekketh not of mankind/ you build temples to youre self in the which you sheden blood Therefore I call you. wood for you wit not what you do and if you despise god wyttyngly than you held in the sin sacrylege Epistola Allexandri Thou callest thyself a man of wealth for thou dwellest there no man may come to thee/ you praise the living and doing of your scarsete but by the same skylle they be in wealth that be in perpetuel prysonne. for they have no use of riches. but they be with out riches right as you be· law of kind doth to you as prison doth to 'em That you tille neither gardyns ne fields that maketh defawte of ire that kind voucheth not sauf to yeve you/ that yet live by roots/ so you must needs for you may not sail in to other lands to gete you other lyvelode ¶ Sometime beestes lived by roots right as you do therefore it is good to live in good rule and in plente and not in straight skarste and meschyef Else blindness and poverty should be noble virtues alone blindness for he seethe not what he coveteth/ and poverty for he hath not what he desireth That your women been not lykyngly arrayed I grant for you have neither cunning ne where with That you have no great fleshly liking it is no wonder for that maketh your great need and meschyef and fowl sight and nakedness/ that you have no laws and domes men and study in no lettrure and axen neither grauntmercy/ therinne you accord with fishes and unskilful beestes/ man's soul in divers time for divers haps of causes is able to divers manner of doing/ divers manner of souls torn and change with the changing of heaven and be wyttede in a cl●er day and dull witted and heavy when the day is dim and cloudy/ Also the reason of wits as it may be in many manner wise so it is changeable and not only by diversity of other things but also by dyversite of ages ¶ Therefore childhood is mild and young men be wild and old men be soft and wexen feeble Also all the wits been pleased with things that long to her own feeling ¶ Trevisa/ You may know how the wits han liking in things that longeth to her own feeling if you take heed how the sight hath liking in fair hue and colour the hearing in sweet voys and sown/ the nose in sweet odour & smells/ the mouth in sweet taste & savour/ the groping in hot and cold dry and wet nessh and hard but nesshe is known by many wits/ for it is known both by groping and by sight. ¶ Than it followeth in thistory The elements yeveth us matier of wits and of all that we feel. the stature of the body of mankind is made of the elements meddled to geder. for every should make good for his own party and yeve us special help and subsydye by his own dispensation. than if thou wilt not use the benefice/ that we have by thelements the which benefices been seeds. fishes and fowls and many other Thou shalt be accused of pride/ for thou forsakest yefts/ either for envy for they be yeven of him that is better than thou Responsio dindimi/ ¶ You moeve werres and bataylles and were outward against men· for you have not overcomen your enemies within/ but we bragmans' had overcome the ynner bataylles of our own members and rest sikerly and have no bataylles outward/ We beholden the firmament and the stars of heaven and her fowls song we be healed and fed with leves and fruit of trees·s we drink water and sing songs in worship of god/ and take heed and think of the life that is coming We be apaid with few words and be son still and hold our peace/ You say what should be do but you do it not Your wit and wisdom is in your lips. you be hungry and thirsty after gold· you needeth house and servants. you covet reverence and worship/ water quencheth our kind thirst ¶ Gold heeleth not your wounds nowther withdraweth/ ne refreyneth your covetise but maketh it moor ¶ Therefore it is openly known that the thirst and hongre of gold/ cometh of kindly need. when it were once had it would sometime quench such hunger and thirst One calamus fled from us to you· we despised him and you worship him ¶ Than Alysaunder sent one Onesicritus to dindimus that lay in a wood upon leves of trees with these words Alysaunder the great god jupiter's son and lord of the world chargith and commandeth that without delay thou come to him and if thou comest he would yeve the many great yefts and if thou come not/ thou shalt thy heed and thy life for go ¶ Dindimus lay still and answered him in this manner Sothfaste god yeveth men light and doth no man wrong/ He avoideth manslaughter/ and arereth no stryf ne were ¶ But Alysander shall die than he is no god. ¶ What he promiseth to me is not needful to me· Me needeth no such thynges·s I go freely wheder me lyketh·s If Alysaunder smite of my heed and slay me/ he may not slay my soul ¶ The groaning of 'em that suffren wrong is beginning of pain and torments of hem that doth the wrong Say than to Alysander that I dread not my death/ if he will ought of mine let him come to me Than Alysaunder left of all pomp and boast and came to dyndimus fete· and dindimus to him said. why distourbest thou our peace What desirest/ we have no thing. & what we have is not needful to the We worship god and love men. we rek not of gold/ we despise death/ You love gold and hate men and despise god Than Alysaunder said teach thou me wit and wisdom that thou hast received. of god as it is said ¶ Than dyndimus answered and saide. thou haste not whereon to do. such a yefte/ for thy soul is full of covetise/ than how shall I suffice to the. to whom all the world sufficeth not/ god hath made the lytil/ and though thou desire all the world/ It needeth the to have at last as little land as thou seest me lie on owther thyself sit on/ If thou learn this wisdom of me all thou shalt have/ though thou desire naught/ for covetise is mother of povert God is my friend/ I have heaven for my roof. the earth in stead of my bed. the river findeth me drink/ and the wood is my meet borde· flesh of beesties roteth not within my guts/ I am not buryels of deed bodies/ I live as I am made/ I know god's pryvytees. for god will that I be pertener of his works/ ¶ Than whether sayst thou is more ●ightful to mysbede men owther to defend 'em and do 'em right to shed and to shift owther to keep and to save. If thou slay me I go to god and thou mayst not escape his hand/ ¶ Than destroy thou not that god hath wrought and made ¶ Than Alysaunder said thou comest of god and livest in a place of peace and reste· I live in great dread and effray/ mine own wardeyns I dread I dread mote my friends than mine enemies I may not leave 'em ne trust to other ¶ A day I grieve men and I am grieved at night and dread full sore if I slay him that I dread than am I sorry and full of woe ¶ And if I be easy and soft than I am despised. and if I would dwell with the in valleys and in dennys I might not endure· when these tales were told. Alysaunder proffered to dindymus gold silver clotheses breed and oil ¶ And dindimus said to him may thou make the briddes that here sing the better for gold & silver & if thou may not/ why wilt thou make me worse than the briddes·s and make me receive thing that may not stand me in steed/ but of a free man make me bond but for I would not grieve the to swyth this oil I wool receive And when dindimus had said so he threw the oil in a fire of wood and sang an ympne to god almighty/ And alysaunder saw that and went his way    

¶ Capitulum 31  
AFter this Alysaundre about the eleventh year of his kingdom passed by the est ocean & the bishop of the trees of the son and of the moan come against him/ the bishop was clothed in wild beestes skins and said that they should entre in to the place if they were clean and not pollute in liking by women but they should do of her clotheses & her array/ And for thilk trees were an honderd foot high. Alysaunder said that it rone oft in that place. nay said the priest and said that there came never rain ne bird ne wild be'st/ but the trees had wept in the eclyps of the son and of the moan Petrus 197 priests took of the apples of these trees and lived five honderd year and when the beam of the son touched the tree of the son owther the beam of the moan the tree of the moan. than anon the tree would shake and yeve answer to 'em that stood about Vincen· Alysander would have do sacrifice to the trees & the priest said It is not leeful to set encense a fire in this place ne to slay bests/ than alysander fell down and clipped and kysshed the stokkes of the trees and herd in the son rising of the tree of the son speaking in the language of Ind. And at even in the moan rysinge· he heard of the tree of the move speaking in the language of grece that one should be lord of all the world about & that he should never come home in to his own country/ and therefore he counseled him that he should not come at babyloyn/ For if he came there he should be slain there not with egg toll but with venom. the second year after· Also he heard that his mother should wrechedly die and his sisters live long time in great wealth Petrus 197· Alysander warned his master Aristotle of this doing and of other wondres of Ind/ ¶ R/ Many stories tellen that when Alysaundres knights went about the privy places of Ind/ there was one that blamed greatly alysaundres covetise/ and sent him a little stone with eyen by his knights & said that her lord without deute was like to that stone/ in all manner points/ and when that stone was brought me wondered long time in which side of that stone that likeness should be Atte last the stone was laid in a balance and it weighed up all that might be laid their agayns on that other side till they laid a ly●el clay against the stone in the balance in the other side/ and it weighed up the stone lightly enough ¶ Eutropius That year lucius papirius dictator of Rome that was so noble a wereiour was choose among all the Romans to withstand alysaunder and to put him of/ if he would come in to ytaly 〈◊〉 he overcome the sampnytes so worshipfully that he beet so down the cytees·s so that though me sought Sampnium in that place Sampnium it might not be fond Petrus 197 ¶ When Alysander had won all the East lands and went toward his own contrary/ the messengers of the west lands of Affryca of spain & of ytaly come in to Babyloyne/ to yield 'em to his lordship and mageste/ netheles he hoped thereby to be king holly of all the world and for great liking and joy he forgot the answer of the trees of the son and of the moan and went in to babyloyne to speak with these messengers Trogus libro duodecimo ¶ Also the stewards that he had made wardeynes & keepers of provinces and of lands met with him there/ and were grievously accused of men of lands and of provinces and hete 'em hang 'em there in the sight of the messengers that were comen out of the west lands Alysaunder took darius daughter to wyve and married noble maidens of the country to men of macedonia/ he left old men and took to him yonglynges ¶ Also he received his moders lettres of the fraud and treason of antiparte steward of macedonia/ he saw that the king had slain his men/ and that he himself was not rewarded for his great travaylles & dread full sore jest him should worse byfalle and ordained his son cassandrus to empoysen the king with venom. the strength and malice of this venom was so violent and tyngynge· that no bras ne iron ne no manner metalle might hold it but only the hoof of an horse foot might hold it ¶ Than at soper of Tessalus the phicicien among great service of meet and of drink Alysaunder was poisoned and gave a groone as though he had be stykked through the body with a sword and dread the handling of man's hand as▪ sore as hard woundes·s & axed a tool to slay himself in remedy of sorrow/ His friends trowed that vnholsomme meet that he had eten at soper was cause of his sickness ¶ Petrus 197 ¶ Than Alysaunder lost his speech and written his last will and would not make one man heir of his hoole kingdom for me should rede after him of no man/ that was his peer/ But he made twelve young men that were his fellows of youth/ successors of his kingdom/ But that ordinance dured not long. for four of hem reigned and the other were forsake/ so it is comprehended in danyel Trogus li· 12 When that Alysandres friends saw that he should die/ they axed of him who should be his heir and emperor after him/ the most worthy said he/ he was so stout and great of heart though he had a son hercules and a brother arydeus and saw also his wyf Roxones with childe· he forgot the offspring and lineage and ordained that the worthiest should he his successor and emperoure· he saw also that of this manner speaking & doing might come great stryf and envy. when he might not speak be took the ring of his finger and gave it to one Perdyca in token that he should be his successor Alysander died the year of his kingdom xij/ and the year of his age xxxiij/ Strange men made sorrow for his death as though he were her father and they that were next him made joy as though her enemy were overcome Darius' mother ordeygned for his death not for to put her enemy before hi● son but for she had found with him myldenesse as it were the myldenesse of her son. Also his friends prayed to jupiter and had answer and ordained for to bury him in egyp●e not in memphis but in the cite alexandria that he had build ¶ Pol libro quarto In grece was never man greater than alisaunder netheles perdyca a tomblestres son was his successor and▪ not his own son For it is a common saw Sylde owther never emperors children be the fadres heirs for they had her own enemies to be her heirs after hem or else heirs that they knew not Trogus libro duodecimo When alysaunder was buried Philosophres came together and said Alysaunder hath made treasure of gold but now is the contrary/ Another said all the world was to little for him yisterday & now four ellues is enough atte full Another said yisterday he had the people at his heestes and now the people hath him at her heste· Another said yisterday he had an host to day is the contrary for an host leadeth him Another said that yisterday he bore a down men & this day he is born down under erth· Petrus 197· After the great alysander in the four parties of the world reigned iiij kings Philip arydeus alisandres brother reigned in the west in macedonia in grece/ Antigonus reigned in the north of Asia and of pontus selenchus nichanor reigned in the East of Syria & of babyloyne and after nichanor antiochus sother kings that reigned aftir him had the name of him and were named antiochy & every in the singler number were cleped Antiochus ¶ The kings that succeeded him were Antiochus theos Antiochus galerius Antiochus the grete· Antiochus Epyphanes/ ¶ Also in the south of egypte reigned tholomeus lagus son/ of him kings had that name and were cleped tholomeis/ the which kings were philadelphus euergetes ¶ Philopator otherwise called Eupator/ Epiphanes Philometor Euergetes·s Sother ¶ josephus libro 120   

¶ Capitulum 32  
THolemeus lagus son reigned after Alysaunder in egypt forty year and was cleped saviour and had a surname Sother he put to Syria to his kingdom & werred with the jews that were ydel in the holy day and took prysonners of hem and set 'em to sale ¶ In his days died jadus bishop of jews After jadus his son Onias was bishop  
After him Simon the rightful After him his brother Eleazarus This tholomeus was so strong that he restored Pirrus king of epurtes to his kingdom ayene after that his enemies had put him out of his kingdom ¶ And he overcome demetrius Antigonus son & restored some of the kingdom to Salencus king of Syria/ for the kingdom was bynome Selencus before ¶ Agathocles used tyranny in Syracuse/ Of his wondered beginning me readeth in Trogus books  
Tholomeus took Iherusalem by fraud and gyle and took many jews prysonners and sold 'em for covetise ¶ Theophratus the philosophre had that name theophratus for his noble speaking of god almighty ¶ This theofratus and menandis be in their flowers ¶ Fro this year the history of ma●hebeis accounted the kingdom of grece regnum grecorum ¶ About this time Selencus king of Syria build Antyochia Leodicia and selencia/ ¶ The great Simon Onias' son is in his prosperity and is cleped rightful for his rightful believe and worshipping of god ¶ The tarentes did great vyleny to the messagiers of Rome/ therefore they took with 'em Pyrrhus king of Epyrotes with four score thousand foot men and seven M/ horsemen and twenty olyfauntes against the Romans but Pyrrhus was overcome in the thyrdde fighting and turned home ayene to his own country. ¶ After this the tarentines and the cartagynenses together werred against the Romans and raised the bataylles that be cleped bella punica Eutropius Pirrus overcome the Romayns in the first battle and occupied ytaly unto the cyte prenestes xviij mile fro Rome ¶ And scent hem the prisoners that were taken a live without ransom and buried all that were slain ¶ And when he beheld them lie with grisly wounds and stern terrible and cruel he heef up his hand and said that he might be lord of the world if he had such knights ¶ Pirrus proffered the fourth part of his kingdom that he had geten/ to one fabricius messagyer of Rome to hold with him and be on his side ¶ And fabricius would not assente· Than Pyrrhus scent one cin●a with great yefts in message to the Romans and desired peace with skylful condition  
Trogus decimo septimo But he found no man's house that would receive his yefts but was put of/ and the prisoners that were sent again were sklaunderd for evermore for they were taken prysonners while they were armed Titus Cyneas came ayene and said to Pyrrhus that he had seen the country of kynges·s and said that nigh all that were there were such as Pyrrhus was held among his own men Than in the second battle Pyrrhus was overcome and his olyfauntes were slain & twenty thousand of his men·s For as Isoder saith the Roman had ordained swift yonglynges sitting by hind horsmen· the which young men leapt down lightly in the fighting and clawed and frotted the Olyfauntes in the forheede with horse combs unto the olyfauntes fill down and died right there ¶ Than Pyrrhus was overcome and went in to tarente and sailed thence in to grece there he was afterward slain Valerius ¶ Pirrus fabricius had castles nigh to geders and Pirrus Phicicien came to fabricius and promysede him/ that be would take to him his lord if he would yeve to him a covenable meed  
¶ Than this fabricius bound this Phicicien and sent him to his lord and messagyers to warn him of the treason and of the falseheede/ than the king wondered and said. ¶ This is Fabricius that is harder to be turned out of honneste/ than is the Son to be turned out of his course ¶ Titus'/ ¶ Pirrus was praised of the Tarentines to were against the Romans And he axed of Appolyn what ind the battle should have/ And Appolyn answered him Amphibolyce. that is/ he that gave him answer of double understanding ¶ It may befall the Pyrrhus to scomfit the romayns/ Pirrus was comforted with. this answer & came to eraclea the Cyte of Sampnia there the Romans the first day were afeard of·s the horrible gretenesse and shape and smell of Olyfauntes and fled away for dread but in the second battle Pyrrhus was sore wounded in his arm and went his way thence In many places of ytaly blood sprung and ran out of wells and rain of milk came down fro henen Selencus king of Syria took many jews in to the cities of his kingdom and granted 'em as great worship as the greeks had Eleazarus Symons brother is bishop of jews The Romans build Benevent in Sampmun/ ¶ Gaufr/ and Alfr ¶ About this time Morindus the cruel son of davius reigned in brytayne his mother was called tangustela and was davius concubine This morindus did many cruel deeds and was eten atte last of a great be'st of the see· and left after him five sons/ the first was called gorbomanus he loved well rightwysenesse and reigned a while and died Than the second son archgallo reigned cruelly and atte last by the people was put out. Than the third son Elydurus a mild man and soft was made king and after five year of his kingdom he hunted in a wooed called calcum that now is called Caltras besides York. ¶ Gaufr ¶ Beside the Cyte Acliut he fond his brother Archgallo masking that was put out of his kingdom and kept him privily in his chambre and lay in his bed and feigned him seek and sent for the lords of the land and compelled 'em to restore his brother to the kingdom/ than archgallo reigned ten year and died ¶ Than Elydurus was restored eft to the kingdom/ but his twey other brethren vygenius and Peridurus werred with him and prisonned him in Trynovantum that is London/ and they twey reigned by times either after other and died atte last ¶ Than Elydurus was take out of prysonne and restored to the kingdom the thyrdde time and lived afterward in peace to his lives end/ ¶ After him two and thyrtty kings reigned among the brytayns everich after other/ among the which king bledgaret passed all his predecessors in music & in melodye· so that he was called god of gle men After that hely reigned forty year and left three noble sons a live after him   

lud cassibelanus and nemius Petrus capitulo 200  
THolomeus philadelphus the second king of egypte reigned eight and thyrtty year▪ me saith that he overcome his own father and had in his host two honderd thousand foot men xx M horsemen two thousand charyottes & iiij C olyfantes/ Petrus 200 This delivered the jews that were in egypte and let them go free six score thousand by tale & paid to her lords for every pol xx drams of silver that is twenty-five ss of our money and sent the vessaile that were hallowed by jews to eleazarus bishop of jews ¶ Also by counsel of demetrius that was warden of his books he sent messengers to eleazarus the bishop praying that he would send him wise men of the jews that should torn moyses law out of hebrew in to grue Than Eleazarus sent unto the king of every lineage uj men that draweth to three score and twelve but the scripture usith oft time to speak not of the little number if it be odd over the great/ these be called the seventi that turned holy scripture out of hebrewe in to grue & informed tholomeus the king of the knowleche of one god and of the governance of the kingdom and translated the law psalms and prophecies ¶ In that translation where they found aught of the trinity. they spoke not thereof owther they translated it in a redel wise jest we would ween that they spoke of three god's ¶ Also in I say about the incarnation of criste. they found six names of god and set but one that is angelus magni consilij an angel of great counseylle lest me would ween that they meaned that mankind and manhede should be the ky●de of god and godhead ¶ They fulfilled this work in three score days and ten but it seemeth that saint Augustyn de civitate dei libro decimo octavo capitulo 42 understandeth that these seventy were departed every by himself in a sell and translated the law without discord of words or sentence ¶ Ierom holdeth that they all were closed in one house owther that they came together the saturday/ and examined and correct her work of s●x days ¶ Augustinus de civitute dei libro decimo octavo capitulo quadragesimo secundo ¶ Seventy old men of all the lygnages of Israel every by himself at Alexandria in Egyp●e turned. holy writ out of hebrewe in to Grue and discorded not in words in sentence nowther in setting of words/ And though there were other in the time of the new testament that turned holy writ out of hebrew in to grue that were aquila symachus theodotion and the fifth translacion· the author thereof is unknown these seventy be set before all other/ In our time one jeronimus a priest a wise man and cunning in three languages translated holy scripture out of hebrewe in to latin· jews say that his translation is truest/ ¶ Netheles holy church deemeth noman to be put before the authority of so many men Some men would amend the translation of the seventy by books of hebrew/ but they dare not withdraw what the seventy hadden more than the Hebrews/ but there they made strikes like as ounces be wrytton. And be also cleped oboly to show that there is moor than is in the hebrewe books But what the Hebrews had more than the seventy they marked with marks that be called Astarisces/ and be shapen as stars as it were to hight the defante Ysid libro sexto ¶ Me saith that this tholomeus had seventy thousand books in his lybrary ¶ Petrus capitulo decimo quinto/ Of divers translations it is enough to speak at ones·s Before▪ thincarnation of our lord three honderd year and forty and one the seventy that turned holy writ out of hebrewe in to grue were in prosperity/ Also after the ascension of our lord six score year and four in adrian the princes time aquila made a translation ¶ Than after three and fifty▪ year in comodus the princes time theodotion was in his prosperity/ ¶ Than after thyrtty yere· in severus the princes time symachus made his translation/ Than after eight year the fifth translation was founden at jerusalem and is cleped the comune translation for he that made it is unknown ¶ Than after xviij year in alysaunder the princes time Origenes made a translation with signs that be cleped Astaryches and obelus and afterward he made another translation with siches/ signs and marks. And all these translated out of hebrew in to grue. Many translated out of grue in to latyn/ But at last jerom translated out of Hebrew in to latyn and his translation is held nigh in every place out take in the sauter Eutr ¶ The Romans died the first battle that is cleped bellum punicum & cartaginennsem the Ayens the affres that be men of Affryca Trevisa Men of affrica be cleped affri primi peni punici punices and cartaginenses Therefore the battle that is against hem is cleped bellum punicum and cartagmense also as it were the battle that is against 'em that be called punici punyces & cartaginenses·s Than it followeth in the story though the romayns had moved none armour without ytaly before that time/ Netheles for to know certainly the some and number of romayns they paid a certain and were accounted and yfound two honderd thousand four score thousand twelve thousand three honderd and four and thyrtty· the battle cessed never sith· the cite was first build/ And so the Romans five year continuely and Sicilia ayenest Iheron king of Sicilia and ayenest the affers were vyctours and had the maystrye Than the Romans gave the first battle in affryca Her leder was marcus regulus consul of Rome/ And first they took their ships and drenched 'em either chased hem and her ships And atte last they took three dukes of Affryca and beet down the host and took many olyfauntes and sent xxvij thousand prisoners to Rome among these deeds at river bragada they slow a great serpent and sent the skin thereof to Rome for a great wonder. for that skin was six score foot long Than the cartagynenses men of affryca were overcome and axed peace And marcus regulus would grant none peace/ But upon well hard conditions/ than the Affers gate with hem zansippus' king of lacedomonia and overcome marcus regulus with all his host atte last meschief So that only twain of the romayns escaped and fled ¶ Thirtty thousand were deed slain Marcus regulus and five honderd prysonners were held long in bonds Afterwards the Romayns overcome the Affers in were in see and in land so that they slew of their enemies two honderd thousand and six score olyfauntes and ten were y take and the cartagynenses affers scent marcus regulus to Rome and prayed that they would change prysonners ¶ Augustinus de civitate dei libro primo Netheles an oath was sworn that if they axede should naught be do/ Regulus should torn ayene to cartage he went forth and died away his wyf from his bed as though ●e were no Romayn and in the counsel of Senators y gadred together/ he counseylled the contrary of his own message· And he said that it was not prouffitable· to the comonte of Rome to change so many noble prisoners for such an old man as he was. the Romayns died by his counsel ¶ Netheles he was not compelled to go ayene but the Romans counseylled him specially for to abide at Rome· But by cause he swore at cartage to come ayene if he might not have authority of an honneste bourges of the cyte of Rome after that he was prisonner he cheese for to go again and went ayene there the Affres closed him in a straight tree that was full of pikes within forth of sharp nails and pared of the lyddes of his eyen and made him stand so there and wake to his lives end Petrus 168 ¶ Tholomeus fought against Antyochus theos king of siria/ but afterward they were confedered to guider for Antiochus wedded beronica tholomeus daughter and forsook his rather wyf laodyces But atte last laodyces had grace of her husband and came to him again and punished him and his son that he had begeten on beronica and made her own son Antiochus king of Syria ¶ A penny of silver is first shapen in rome/   

¶ Capitulum 33  
THolomeus euergetes philadelphius brother was the third king of egypt & reigned xxuj year This in wretch of his sister beronica for her husband and her son were slain with venom destroyed siria silicia and a party of asia and grieved antyochus galerychus. But when he heard that the princes of egypt had conspired against him in his absence/ he turned again in to egypt and lad with him great good and two thousand and sex·s honderd mawmettes ¶ Antiochus galerychus left twey sons after him Selenchus and the great antyochus but at last selenchus was slain and his brother antiochus reigned in Syria six and thyrtty year and fought afterward with philopater king of egypte & fled & was well nigh taken Ennius the poet is born at tarent· Cato the quaestor brought him to Rome Trevisa ¶ Questor is he that gathered tribute to Rome and the domesman was sometime cleped quaestor. Also the wardeyns of the treasure were cleped questores But now churls and pardoners be cleped questores Than it followeth in the history Ennu●s the pocte dwelled in the hill aventinus with little cost and was content with the service of a wench ¶ That time a bond man. lay by a maid of the temple of the gods vesta/ & the maid slough herself for sorrow ¶ Eutropius libro secundo/ About this time forty thousand galls passed the/ hills Alpes and were slain of Romayns ¶ These galls had a leder called Brytom●r●s and they made their avow and swar that they would never do of their gurdels of knighthood till they come in to the capitoyl of Rome and so it befallen for when they were overcome enulus the consul put them to death in the capytoyle That year the great Antiochus bygan to regne in Syria ¶ Tholomeus eupator other wise called philopator Euergetes son reigned in egypte seventeen year/ In his time were the deeds do that be red of the first machabeiss Trogus libro 30 This tholomeus for his evil living was called Philopator· for he left of the deeds of knighthood & gave him to sleuth to lechery to children's nicete to man slaughter & to slay his peers He spend the night in hoerdome and the day in festes Atte last he slough erudyces that was his sister and his wyf and gave him all to strompettes and to harlattes ¶ Therefore the great Antiochus was wroth and would han won Egypte nadde he be let by an host that was huyred out of grece ¶ at last this tholomeus was deed and left a child of· five year of▪ age to keep the kingdom that he had bygoten on erudyces Than his strompettis were hanged everichone Eutropius libro tercio That year began the second battle called bellum punicum and dured seventeen year ¶ In that battle the Romayns were more overcome than vyctors and had more harm. than they were quytte. for hanybal awl caris son a child of nine year old had sworn to his own father at auters of gods that he would yeve the Romayns a battle as son as he might/ Than hanybal in his twenty year of age and eight months besieged saguntin the fairest cyte of spain and most friend to the Romans The Roman sent a messenger to hanybal praying that he would leave the siege because of covenant that was between hem rather This prayer was despised and the messenger went forth in to Affryca to plain of the covenant broken but they saw that it was for naught and turned hoome ayene to Rome ¶ Than in the mean. time saguntin was destroyed in this manner/ Saguntin was greatly a grieved by the siege and by the great hunger and one of hanybals knights that was friend to the cyte went to the cyte and counseylled the men of the cyte to yield it up with all the gold and silver & other riches that was therinne and they should escape themself a live but they advised hem and took counseylle and made a great fire and threw therinne all the gold and silver and hem self at last When the cyte was destroyed hanybal left his brother astrubal in spain/ and he himself with an honderd thousand footmen & ten thousand horsemen and forty olyfauntes passed the hills Alpes in springing time there no man had passed before and went in to ytaly ¶ The mean time cornelius Scipio consul of Rome werred in spain ¶ Orocius ¶ Than Hanybal passed the hills pyrenes and made him a weigh with iron among the cruel people of galls and he came the nineteeen day from the hills pirene's to Alpes there he was hard set four days with Galles·s but he made him weigh with iron and with fire/ Netheles in the highest hill Appenuinus hanybal was closed twey days with snow· there he lost many men olyfauntes and other beestis ¶ Trevisa Pirenus is an high hill of spain and many high hills in that side be cleped montes pireni Alpes be high hills in the side of ytaly therforth hanybal went to Rome and hanybal heat penitus also therefore alpes be cleped appenuini as though it were penitus hills Eutropius ¶ Tho wonderful meruaylles feered the Romaynes·s for among the Alpes it seemed that the son fought with the moan ¶ Among the capenes it seemed that twey moans were risen among the falistes it seemed that heaven was cloven ¶ Than when they herd the coming of hanybal cornelius scipio was sent forth to spain. & hanybal met with him and overcome him first at ticinum and beet dewne the host of Rome And he overcome him eft atte River crema Atte thyrdde time he scomfyt Sempronus with his host that come out of Scicilia/ Atte fourth time he slough flameus/ the consul and five and twenty thousand of his host and took six thousand prysonners Titus There was so hard fighting that the fighting men wist not of the earth shaking that was while they fought and threw down cities and claf hills ¶ Eutropius libro tercio ¶ at fifth time fabius maximu● was sent against hanybal and pight his pavilions in the highest hills and private place of woods and scorned hanybals strength and waited his time and overcome hym· ¶ The sixth time the consuls of Rome lucius emilus paulus and publius terencius and varro were sent against hannibal But fabius maximus warned 'em that hanybal was so froward and so cruel in fighting that they should never overcome him but by tarrying of the battle and of the fyghtyng·s theywere fervent and died against counsel. and were overcome at canna a strait of apulea there the wind and the gravel that was a reered with the wind halpe well hanybal there were slain xl/ M/ knights of romayns and five thousand of peers of consuls and of Senators were deed owther I take It is no doubt though had be the last day of the state of Rome if hanybal couth as we'll have used the victory as he couth win it in fyghtynge· R· Had he go anon after the victory for to take the cyte ¶ Titus There was so great slaughter/ of Romayns· that hanybal bade his men spare the Romaynes·s ¶ Eutropius Varro the consul turned to Rome with fifty horsemen and no moo/ ¶ The Senators praised 'em well for he had naught disparagyde the comment of Rome he shaved never his beard nor his heed he eat never lygging he would have no worship till he sawe· wretch on hanybal Tho it was never seen before bond men and men of were made free thieves and mansleers and prysonners were made knights Orocius ¶ Also poletarij that were ordained to gete children were than made knights who that saw than the chivalry of Rome might be weal sore ashamed. for than the knights ne the Senators were not wise ne couth not other craft/ ¶ Eutropius ¶ And hanybal proffered hem her prisoners to ransom The Romans answered and said that the bourges that might be taken armed were not needful to the cyte Therefore hanybal slough some of the prysonners and sold some in to divers londes·s and sent three busshel of gold rings that were taken of the hands of the knights of Rome in to cartage in token of the victory Titus ¶ Than the commons of Rome were so born down and so bore/ that they spoylled the temples of brass & of yren to make 'em armour thereof ¶ For the armours that were offered in temples and hallowed to her gods as they used to do after their vyctories than they were taken ayene out of the templis so great need and meschyef that they were yn/ Also hem lakked shipmen to govern her ships and their treasure sufficed not for wages of werrours. therefore the consuls and the Senators bade that every man should bring his riches in to the tresory ¶ Therefore bygan great stryf between the comonte and the Senators But one of the consuls allayed the strif in this manner and said as the great passith the commons in worship and in dignity so they should pass them in cost and bearing of charge in help of the cyte And so they ordained that every in his degree should offer all his gold in to the common treasury out take one ring for himself and another for his wyf. And he should offer a camprenol of gold for his son/ and for every daughter an unce and the greatest should begin first and so it was done Than there was so moche money brought and offered that the wardeyns might not write the names of 'em that brought money and gold/ nowther bring in to the tresorye all that was brought Orocius libro quarto In the time of the meschyef Rome was a set with so many myshappes/ that the Senators took 'em to reed for to flee out of ytalye and gete 'em other places for do dwell in. Than dyvynes that axed counseyl of Appolyn answered the Romans and sayde· that there should be saved if they might gete that god that hight numen matris pessimite· therefore messagiers were sent in to Frigia/ for to fetch the goddess that height sibyl and the messagyer by the way axed counseyl of Appolyn/ And Appolyn counseyled him for to gete help of Attalus king of the lass Asia/ for to gete this image Also appolyn counseyled him. that when the image come to Rome it should first be brought to the best man's house of the cyte ¶ When all this was y doo one Scipio nasica was choose as the best man of Rome· and met with the image with a great multitude of wives the image height numen matris pessimite and sibyl also that is to understand mother of all goddesses/ And she height bretnicia that is mother hills And she height holy frygya/ For she was worshipped specially in a wood of frigia which wood is called Idea/ R· Ovidius de fastis saith that of this hap it come up among the Romayns/ that every year the fourth day of averil they held a feast of the bathing of goddess lretnicia ¶ For when her image was brought of Frigia it was wasche in the river al●a there. that water falls in to tiber ¶ Than it was ydo with fowl songs & gests of japes and ny●e mynstraley/ & every such geste was cleped amens ¶ Hanybal the tenth year of his coming moeved his host out of campania anon to the river amens' atte third stone that is three mile out of Rome. and hanybal himself with noble horse men and swift went anon to the gate of Rome that height porta collma ¶ The consuls withdrew not the fighting but when the sheltrous were arrayed on either side· there fell so great rain meddled with hail stones that the hosts were so y shent that uneath they might hold their wepen· And fight in their tents. ¶ And when it cleared and was fair weder they went oft in to the field and oft fallen a well great tempest that eft compelled them for to i'll Eutropius· the mean time twain that were sent to spain either height Scipio overcome astrubal· there the host of Affryca lost five and thyrtty thousand Philip king of macedonia behight hannybal help against the Romans/ the Ilond sardonia forsaketh the Romayns/ Wherefore dukes & leders were sent in to iiij places in macedonia against philip in to spain aienst astrubal sardonia against the sardens and in to ytaly against hanybal Therefore leninus consul of Rome maketh peace with Attalus king of asia And werrith in macedonia and overcome philip the king and took Scicilia and three score cities also and he beat down six & twenty cities and come to Rome with great joy and worship For dread of him hanybal that was but four mile from Rome fled in to campania Also that year in spain either Scipio that had be vyctor long time was slain of astrubal his brother but the host left all hoole and sound Therefore the other Scipions' son that height publius cornelius Scipio the noblest man well nigh of all the Romayn is sent in to spain in the xxiv year of his age ¶ Whom the Senators and the Romans had take to rede to forsake ytaly for dread. this Scipio drew out his sword and forbid them and said not so hardy and behight that he would defend the cyte and countray ¶ Than Scipio went forth and took cartage in spain/ therinne was great plenty of money and great array for men of Armes ¶ Than he yield up the pledges of spain to their friends and sent mago hanybals brother prysonner to Rome and a well fair maid was prisoner among other and he as a mild father delivered and took hirto his own spouse to wedding and foryave her her raunsomme. for her dower: ¶ For the which doing by assent of the spouse of this maid well nigh all spain turned to Scipio The mean time fabius maximus wan tarente and slew cartagylo in Ytaly and sold five and twenty thousand prysonners Than Hanybal trust not that spain might longer beholden against Scipio/ he sent for his brother astrubal. that he should come to him out of spain with all that he had But the consuls of Rome set enbuschementes for him and he defended him nobly But they slew him atte last and eight and fifty thousand of his host were deed and five thousand y take four and forty thousand bourgeys of rome were yfound & clipped to geders Also Astrubals heed was thrown before his brother gate  
When hanybal saw that he made great sorrow and fled in to brucia/ and the great Scipio was sent after out of spain josephus libro duodecimo   

¶ Capitulum 34  
THolomeus epyphanes the fifth king of egypte. eupaters' son reigned four and twenty year ¶ Trogus libro tercio ¶ And for he began to regne when he was five year old· Messares of Allexandria prayed the Romans that they would take the ward of the child and defend the kingdom of egypte For philip king of macedonia and antyochus king of Syria/ had cast. as it were by covenant to deal the kingdom of egypt between them twain ¶ The Romayns were glad of that message/ and anon sent messengers to the same kings charging that they should hold them out of egypte josephus libro duodecimo then ptholomeus wext a strong youngling and sent one scopa a duke of his in to Syria and made Syria subgette to hym· But not long after antyochus overcome scopa and was better friend to the jews Eutropius libro tercio ¶ After this the great Antiochus bycome ptholomeus friend and wedded his daughter cleopatra to wyf and granted her in stead of dower/ siria Ind and fenicia Therefore either king had of the jews But onias the rightful symons son was bishop and warnid the tribute and counseyled that none should be paid as it were f●r love of the law ¶/ Netheles it was more for covetise for he would not go speak with the kynge· But his sister's son josephus went to ptholomeus the king and had grace of the king and forgiveness of the tribute of the seven years and not only that but he was made leder of his kingdom and tresorer of trybutes to his lives end two and twenty year ¶ josephus libro duodecimo capitulo quarto ¶ This josephus would essay the wit of his younger son hilcanus that was twelve xere old and had gete him on his broders' daughter And bytoke him three honderd yokes of oxen for to ere & sow in wilderness from home two journeys and more and hid the reins that the oxen should be ●yed by ¶ When he come to the place there he should cry/ the plowmen ra●●e that some of hem should went hoome to the father and fetch the reins/ the child said nay· but let s●e somme of the oxen and let greythe the flesh to plowmen meet and to kytte reins of the skins to teye with other oxen. The father wondered thereof & sent him in his own stead to worship the feast of king ptholomeus/ for he had a young son newly ybore the/ father proffered to his son hircanus great riches for his cost by the weigh. and for yefts to yeve the kings son/ the child saide nay· and said that he could live soberly and that less cost would do his nede· But send lettres said the child to arion procurator of Allexandria/ and pray him that he lene me as moche as me byhoveth/ the father hoped that ten talentes were enough for to worship the king with his son/ and prayed aryon in his lettres that he would take the talentes to his sonne· ¶ Hircanus' came with the lettres to Aryon ● And Aryon asked how moche him behoved/ A thousand talentes said he/ But Aryon would grant but ten·s And hircanus cast him in bounds And Aryons wyf went anon and complained to the king/ And the king axed of hircanus why he died so/ ¶ For such servants said he shall be punished that can not knowe· ne make difference between the small and the great ¶ Aryon herd that the king allowed hircanus answer and his dede· and delivered to him a thousand talentes  
¶ And anon he bought of merchants an honderd children lettred and an honderd maidens/ everich for a talente/ When the day of the feast was come/ hircanus by cause he was young. was set last of the wise men And the bore bones that other men left were in scorn set to fore hircanus ¶ One Tryphon a japer saw this and said openly to fore the king. Loo lord king how this child hath eten the flesh of so many bones/ so his father that is thy receiver and tresorer in Syria spoylle●h the money of the men of Syria/ ¶ The king loughe and axed of the child why he had so many bones to fore him  
¶ Skylfully lord king said the child/ For hounds eten the bones with the flesh as thy guests done this day/ But men that been norysshed and taught spare the bones/ as you see that I spare ¶ On the morn hircanus axed of everych of the kings friends. what and how moche each of them would yeve the kings son ¶ And he that would yeve mooste answered and said scarcely ten talentes/ ¶ Thenne hircanus feynede him soory ● as though he might yeve but five/ But when the day of the Natyvyte· was come/ ¶ Hircanus the child gave to the King an honderde children. ¶ And everich of hem bore a talon in his honde and gave to the queen an honderd maid children & each with a talon in hand ¶ Than every man praised him well Therefore the king died him great worship and made. him rich and sent him to his father with lettres of commendation and of preysing. Netheles his father was wroth for the great yefts that he had yeven ¶ Also his elder brother had gre●e envy at him for the great worship that he had so f●rforth that they werred against him and twain of 'em were deed in fyghtyng· Trevisa/ Take heed that a talon is a great weight of gold or of silver or of other metal But there be three manner talentes/ the jest weigheth fy●ty pound the myddel two and seventy pound and th● most six score pound. ¶ Than it followeth in the history/ Hircanus' passed flome jordan and gathered there the kings tribute of strange nations many year to guider and he builded there a wonder tower Out thereof he pursued oft the Arabyes men of Arabia all the time that Selencus reigned in Syria/ When Selencus was deed hircanus dread the cruelty of Antiochus epyphanes and slow himself with his own hand About the first year of this tholomeus the great Sapio which had nobly y born him and done many great deeds in spain. was made consul and scent in to Affryca And he made to him subgett ammorus duke of thaffres & syphaces king of numydya/ when that was herd well nigh all ytaly forsook hanybal. hanybal the xvij year of his coming in to ytaly was boden by men of cartage to return home· And so he returned out of ytaly sore weeping And when hanybal was comen/ he destroyid the peace that thaffres had made with Scipio· the condition of the peace was such/ that thaffres should have but thyrtty ships/ & they should y●ue five honderd thousand pound of silver/ pondo is a pounde· they should also send home all the prisoners and banished men that they had taken. Hanybal had sent three spies for to espy Scipions tents ¶ These spies were taken and lad about the tentes·s and made well at ●ase with meet and drink. & thenne Scipio sent them home again/ then was hard fighting between these two dukes-but Scipio had the vyctorye· And Hanybal was nigh taken/ peace was granted to men of cartage And Scipio turned again to Rome/ And was after that called Affrycanus In this manner the second battle punicum ended in his tyme· That year plantus deyed at Rome he grand atte querne with a bakar for hire for hongre and scarsete of corn/ And when he might have while he written fables and said them When the second battle punicum was done than come the battle macedonicum that was against philip the king Titus quincius overcome him and lad twey kings sons of macedonia & of lacedomonia plegges before his chariot & lad home to the Romans that hanybal had take and sold in grecia & let shave her heeds in token of shaving away of the boundage/ the romans werrid against the great antyochus king of siria for he destroyed the kingdoms that were nigh about him And also for he held with him hanybal that was went out of affryca· Eut/ li/ 4 Antiochus see that hanybal spoke oft with the messengers of rome & had him suspect & forsook to have him in his counsel And if he cleped him otherwhiles to conseyll that was by cause he should not ween that he was suspect & forsake and not for to do his counsel/ but hanybal counseylled always for to war aienst the romayns & not for to abide & said that the Romans might not be overcome but in their own contrary. out of their own country quoth he they may not be overcome but at home they been brutel and lightly overcome· It nedith more to wrestle wisely against them that been overcome and speak not· than against them that openly withstondith· But though his counsel was often good & spedeful/ it was not allowed for the king had him suspect & also for making of bagbyters that would not that he were allowed of the king. therefore the kings host was overcome both in the see and in land. than Antiochus the king forthought that he did not by hanybals counsel and made hanybal privy of his counsel Eutropius libro quarto ¶ For philip king of macedonia halpe the Romans against Antiochus and his son demetrius that was prisoner and plegge was sent hoome ayene Scipio nasica the great Scipio that height Affrycanus/ his nenew overcome hanybal in battle both in the see and in the land/ there he had a surname and was cleped Asiagenus of asia that was overcome. than antyochus the king gave his younger son antyochus epyphanes to the Romans pledge for evermore for his elder son Selencus & had peace upon covenant/ that he should leave Europa and the lass Asia and hold him within the hill mount Taurus ¶ And also he should bytake hanybal to the Romayns For he eggyde and counseylde to were against Rome·  
¶ Therefore Hanybal dread and tournede to Prusia king of Bythynya ¶ Trogus/ libro trisesimo secundo The mean time when Emnenes attalus the king's brother of Syria should overcome prusia/ than hanybal helped prusia by a new sleght of battle/ for he had divers manner address and serpents closed in erthen stenes and threw 'em in to the ships of her enemies in the myddel of the battle than the enemies were afeard and withdrew 'em anon ¶ The Romans heard hereof and sent messengers and made the king at one and axed for to have hanybal in to their own hand/ but hanybal lykked venom of his own ring and died at nychomedia/ It is certain of him that he sat never to soper without bataylles·s He was among many wonder fair maidens & left never his chastyte· he was never bytrayed by imagination of his own men nouther of his enemies ¶ R Orocius libro 4 Saith that the ylonde called Insula vulcani. the which ylond was never before seen sprang up of the see at Scicilia that year that hanybal died and yet is there always unto this day Pol libro sexto Of this hanybal it is red that when antiochus the king showed him his host royally arrayed with gold and with silver and with other rich array and axed him if all that sufficed to the Romayns. I trow said hanybal it is ynowgh though the romayns be the most covetous men on live but he understood easily shortly & frowardly for he understood of the pray and not of the strength of the host Plenius libro octavo capitulo octavo· Hanybal oft when he had the maystrye compellid prisoners of rome to fight upon the gravel with strong beestes and promised one that he would deliver him if he threw down an olyfaunt/ And when the be'st was cast/ hanybal sent horsemen to slay the man anon right there ¶ Pol libro primo Hanybal said that he was not worthy his lyf· that might be compelled to fight with beestes/ but me troweth soothly that hanybal slough the man for great envy for he would not that a Roman should have so great a name and worship of a greater deed than me had herd of before/ ¶ Also for he would not diffame the beestes by the strength of which he had oft a ferde his enemies ¶ Eutropius libro quarto ¶ That year: Scipio Affrycanus died at Auntern/ that had be long exiled out of Rome/ that was an unkind Cyte to him ¶ Valerius libro When Scipio was accused of money among the Senators he answered and said when I won all Affryca and made it subgette and under your power· I took no thing thereof but only the name Affrycanus. Also the richesse of Affryca made me not covetous neither the richesse of asia made my brother Scipio covetous/ For either of us was richer of envy than of money ¶ Salustius This Scipio saw once a child gaily arrayed and said I wonder not that he arayeth well his child for it helpith him more than doth his sword ¶ Valerius Emila Scipions wyf was so goodly that though she wist that her husband loved one of her bond women for she would not diffame her lord conqueror of Affryca by women reese and anger And she abstained her so from vengeance and wretch that she made her bond woman fire and married her right weal when her lord was deed Pol ¶ Scipio deyed and ordained such a writing on his tomb a●te cyte palustres Thou unkind country receive thou not my bones ¶ Augustinus de ci/ de/ li/ 1/ Scipio nasica before the thyrdde battle punicum forbade the setting. up or enhancing of the theatre in the cyte of Rome that twey jugges had arrayed forto arere and Scipio said that it is great enemy to werriours for to nourish sloth and lechery· and therefore he pleded so strongly in the people that all the array thereof was sold and benches stoles forms and all manner subtylytees were done thence/ and so he brought in that men should stand and not si●te for to see plays and myrthes for to save her own manheed That manner was used among the romayns .v. C.xlviij year/ R auctors seyn that theatrum was a place shapen as half a circle and in the myddel thereof was a little house that was called see na. in that house poetes and gestours up in a pulpyt/ rehearsed poisies gests & songs/ and without were mynystrals that countrefayted the doing and the deeds that they spoke of in her gests and songs with bending and winding and setting and stynting of her limbs and her body ¶ Augustinus libro primo capitulo trisesimo primo These plays that were called ludi Scenici. were first ordained by excytinge of the devyl· for men should be exyted to such deeds/ when they might here in the theatre that gods had done such manner deeds ¶ Augustinus libro quarto capitulo 25 ¶ But in passing of tyme· a churl called Titus Latinus was warned by his dream that he should tell the Senators that they should restore and renew the plays that were called ludi Scenici/ the plays of the teatre and for he was warned twice and did naught thereto he lost his own sone  
And for he was warned the thyrdde time and did noughts thereto/ he fell in a grievous sickness till he warned the senators than he was hoole wonder suddenly/ When the wonder was seen/ the Senators spend four such money as they we●● wont in pleyes of the theatre as it were to make good for the churls trespass that was four scythes reckless for to warn the senators as he was warned Petrus 204 The great Selencus Sother the great Antiochus' son reigned in Syria and in asia twelve year for his father was slain in pers in the temple of god Naneas and thrown out gobet m●le traytorly by preestes that bygyled him in to the temple. and promised him treasure that was hide under earth   

¶ Capitulum 35  
THolomeus philometor reigned in egypt xxxv year Simon onyas son was priest of the temple & bishop & bought the priesthood of appolynus duke of fenicia/ Selenchus herd thereof and sent elyodorus for to undo that deed/ And when he was entered to spoylle the temple twey yonglynges aroos out of a privy place and slough him there It seemeth that josephus means that they were angels in likeness of men/ netheles secundo machabeorum it is written that a dredeful horseman showed him for●h and all to trade him/ but he slough him not ¶ joseph li 12/ About that time Ihus siraks son written the book called ecclesiasticus and called it panerethon/ the thyrdde year of philometor one aristobus a jew and paripaticus that is of Aristotle'S loore written to tholomeus a declaration and exposition of moyses books/ Eutropius libro quamrto That year died philip king of macedonia/ and his son perseus was rebel aienst the Romans But Emilius paulus Consul of Rome overcome him in well strong batay●le and slew thyrtty thousand of Greeks/ but he died him worship as though he were not overcome For when he would fall down to his feet he would not suffer him/ but he set him beside him upon his feet and rel●esed half the tribute that was wont to be paid and promised that the macedones should be free for it should seem that the Romans warrydde for Ryghtwysenesse and not for money  
Trogus libro trisesimo tercio· In this fighting one menninus caton the advocates son while he fought mightily fill doum of his horse & fought on his feet & would have smitten a great man & his sword fell down of his hand he defended him with his sheld and gathered his sword among the swords of his enemies in sight of both the hosts. and had many wounds and turned to his own sidde other men took ensample of his hardiness and fought orpedly And the· hardiness of him was cause of the victory/ Perseus' was y take and than afterward macedonia fill to the Romans from the first craneus anon to this perseus that land had five and thyrtty kings in eight honderd year and four and twenty Ysid libro sexto This emilius paulus brought first books to Rome out of grece. Afterwards julius cezar chargith marcus varro with that doing for to make him a lybrarye. And among cristen men pamphilius the martyr gathered a lybrary of books of him Eusebius writeth that he had a thyrtty M volumes of books in his lybrary Than orygenes passyde all that were before him. jerom saith that he radde six thousand volumes of orygenes books. But Austyn passyde the travail of them all/ for uneath may a man rede all his books Antiochus epyphanes reigned eleven year in siria and in asia· this is he that was pledge at Rome for his own father but he heard speak of his brother nycete & hoped for to be king of sciria & went privily from Rome/ though some men tellyth that he escaped by assent of the Senators first he was godely the people yave him another name and called him Epyphanes that is worthy and noble and seemly above other ¶ He reigned for his brother Selencus when his brother was deed ¶ This gave his sister in gyle to tholomeus to wyf/ for he would by that rejoice Egypte when he saw his time/ ¶ then he went in to Egypte upon a time as though it were for to see his sister and his nephews/ ¶ But he made that tholomeus was slain while he sat at meet. But the egypcians put him away for he should not be king over 'em/ ¶ But he came ayene after two year and besyeged Alexandr●a ¶ Trogus trisesimo quarto Lo. the messagyers of Rome were sent to deliver Egypcians & met with Antiochus wandering on the see strand and did her message in this manner The Senators and the people of Rome charges and commandeth thee/ that thou go away from their friends the egypcians/ ¶ Than Antiochus axed respite and day to yeve his answer Than marcus publius made with a yerde a circle in the sand about Antiochus and said. The Senators and the people of Rome chargith and command thee/ that thou never pass this circle/ ere thou have yeven thine answer/ If the people of Rome will have it so said Antiochus Lo I go R Than he turned in to the jewry and did many evil/ tornes ¶ Therefore the bishop onias Symons son went in to egypte and gate friendship there of the king and build there a temple at ●leopoleos like to the temple of jews & said that in that deed he fulfilled Isayes prophecy that said the altar of our lord shallbe in egypte and mind of him shall be in the ends thereof This temple dured so two honderd year & fifty unto vaspasianus time that destroyed that temple and the cyte also/ ¶ Than bishop onyas died as it is said/ and his twey brethren Ihs and johan striven before Antiochus for the bisshopriche and for to please Antiochus they turned to the usage and doing of misbelieved men/ so farforth that they took names of misbelieved men and so jesus was callad jason and johan was named menelaus by ensample of 'em many of the jews brought in doing and deeds and usages of misbelieved men and made in jerusalem harlattes houses/ & places for yonglyngys' to use their nicete yn/ and left hem uncircumcided and cleped 'em self Antyochenes ¶ Antiochus made jason bishop and put him out afterward and made menelaus bishop that counseyled andronicus with slay his brother jason for he followed the king in to Antiochia to make him change his purpoos and so it was done/ ¶ Therefore the king was wroth and slough Andronicus· ¶ Petrus 206 That time that Antiochus sold jason the bissopryche and prystehode. the fire of the sacrifice acquenchid that had dured before under water lxx year Antiochus took jerusalem by treason of the cytezeins and took thence ten thousand cytezeyns and compelled the jews to maumetrye and slough hem that would not/ he offered swines flesh and took away the holy vessel·s the meet board and the stone with the lanterns and the temple clotheses and set jupiter olimpicus image even in the temple and forbade the sacrifice of moyses law & in the tower of sion. he put men of macedonia that hated the jews in this antyochus's time the seven brother were slain. and her own mother ¶ That time Mathatias priest in the cyte modyn by help of his five sons awreked the laws of her forfaders/ judas that was eleped machabeus for the pris and the maystrye he was capteyne among them and leder  
¶ Petrus 207 ¶ Machatias taught the jews to fight on the saturday for the law and the people should not be lost/ but he ruled the people one year and died afterward and made his son Simon as it were father and counseylour and judas machabeus leder of the host Ennyus the poet died in the evil articularis and is buried in Scipions' tomb judas machabeus kept the laws of forfaders full three year and he slough Appolinus duke of Samaria and fought afterward with his sword Antioohus went in to pers/ for the tribute was unpaid. and judas machabeus overcome Antiochus leders lisia that norysshed the young antiochus and tholomeus gorgias and nycanor & cleansed the temple and renewed it·s there grass briars and bushes were grown and so the thyrdde hallowing of the temple was done in judas time in the month of december that hallowing is named eucennia and dured afterward Petrus 211 ¶ Antiochus was shamely chased out of pers and herd that his princes were overcome in the jewry and menaced the jews and anon he was taken with antar●us that is ache and sorrow of his bowels and fell down of his char and was hurt full sore and worms sprang out of his body And the stench of him grieved allthe host/ than he bythought him and knowleched that him was byfalle that sorrow/ for he had defowled the temple of jerusalem/ therefore he made his avow that he would be a jew and delivered the jews and make them peer to the men of athene/ He said also that man should be subgette to god and not make himself peer and even to god and so he died in the montaynes/ Antyochus e●pater the foresaid antyochus epyphanes son reigned after his father and gathered against the jews an honderd thousand foot men and twenty thousand horsemen and two and thyrtty Olyfauntes and showed 'em the juse of grapes and of berries for to sharp hem to the battle   

¶ Petrus 213 ¶ Capitulum 36  
Demetrius' sother selencus son went out of the cyte of rome & occupied the cities by the see side & bygan to regne & reigned in asia· & in siria twelve year For he come to Rome in childhood to accuse his uncle Antiochus epyphanes that had put him out o● his kingdom/ Therefore when he herd that this uncle was deed he went ayene and many received him for her lord/ and king so that the host of siria would slay licia/ and the young antyochus that was about to reign Alchimius made priest of aarons order accused machabeus to this demetrius of many manner things and deeds/ therefore he was sent with bachides to destroy the jewry but judas withstood 'em so that they sped not/ therefore alchimius turned ayene to the king Nychanor was sent of the king against ¶ judas and was slain and his heed & his right hand were hanged toward jerusalem/ for he had proudly spoken. And judas was connexed in friendship with the romayns and the covenant was written in tables of brass judas machabeus was slain of bachides and alchimius and his brother ionathas roos in his stead & was leder of the jews nyneten year/ ¶ While alchimius bygan to destroy goddess house and the works of prophets/ he was smitten with a palesye and dyed· Bachides turned eft to the king and than two year the land was in quiet and in peace. Alysaundre antiochus epyphanes son occupied tholomayda and achon and confedred to him jonathas and slough demetrius the king and reigned nine year in Syria and in asia and wedded cleopatra tholomeus daughter/ Demetrius· demetrius son that fled in to creta to his mother kin when his father was slain he came ayene and gathered him strength and occupied the lands by the see side and tholomeus gaf him his daughter Cleopatra to wyf/ the which he had before given to alysander and so tholomeus that traytrely occupied Alysanders' cities entered in to Antiochia and took on him twey dyademes of egypte and of asia Alysander was overcome of him and fled in to arabia with his son antiochus to his moders cousins but the king of Arabia dread tholomeus strength and sent him alysaundres heed/ tholomeus died the third day after that and demetrius reigned ¶ Petrus 219 jonathas was accused to demetrius that he had won the tower in jerusalem but he sent great yefts to demetrius and gate grace of him so that he had renewed the pryncipate and the priesthood/ Thenne demetrius was assured that the land should be in peace in his own honde. he let his host go home every man to his own place and heelde with him a strange host Therefore the people had indignation of the king and jonathas sent the king three thousand of choose men that chacede the traitors Atte last one tryphon that was sometime one of Alysaundres friends in to arabia and brought thence the young Antiochus alisanders son and crowned him king and fought against demetrius and overcome him and chased him and Antiochus made friendship with jonathas and sent him vessel purpre and laces of silk. and made his brother Simon duke and leder· After that jonathas renewed friendship with the Romayns and with the sparciates Eutropius libro quarto/ ¶ The thyrdde battle punicum aroos for when the men of cartage had do away their ships/ and her armoure· hem for thought the deed and for hem laked both brass and iron they made 'em armour of gold and of silver and made 'em twey dukes and leders either heet astrubal the young Scipio the great Scipions nephew overcome hem both and took the cyte and destroyed it with fire so that it brent six●ene days to geders so that stones were bren●e to ashes and to powder. and so cartage was destroyed about the seven honderd year after that it was first bylde· R/ That is sooth for to acounte from king danidris tyme. So w●ll the maystre in stories/ but look more hereof in the first book capitulo de affryca ¶ Orocius libro quarto Than king Hasdrubal'S wyf for manly sorrow & womanly wodenesse threw herself and her twey sons in to the myddel of the fire and so the last lady of cartage had right such a manner end as dydo the first lady had. ¶ Augustinus primo libro capitulo visesimo nono When the third battle punycum was ended/ Marcus cato counseylled that cartage should be destroyed but scipio nasica counseylled the contrary and would not assent/ that it should be destroyed that sikernesse should be enemy to the brutel wits of Romayns for as a wardeyn and keeper is needful to a child so is dread needful to cytezeins and that was proved by the same deed. for when cartage was destroyed/ than fill many myshappes cruel stryf and tresone theft & robbery slaying of cytezeyns and exiling and moche other sorrow. so that the Romans lost the honneste of virtues and of thews and suffered more cruelness and sorrow of their own neighbours and cytezeyns than of strange enemies/ this known well scipio and would not assent that cartage should be destroyed for he would that the outrage should be chased by dread   

¶ Capitulum 37  
THolomeus euergetes reigned in Egypte nine and twenty year and the young Scipio was twice made consul and overcome the numantanes and made 'em subget in a well strong battle in spayn/ the Romans said that they escaped and had not the maystrye/ than Scipio axed of a knight that was called tiresus why that cyte was sometime so strong that it might not be overcome and by what cause it was aftward overcome & destroyed Petrus 22 Tryphon desired for to regne and caste for to slay antyochus but he dread jonathas as him that would defend Antyochus/ therefore he beguiled jonathas and slay him traytorly and his twey sons also/ And than afterward he slew the young antiochus and reigned for him in Asia ¶ Simon aroos in stead of his brother jonathas and made friendship with demetrius the king for wretch of tryphon/ But demetrius passed to the medes for to gete help to war against tryphon But he was take and afterward slain of one Arsaces' king of pers· After him his son Antiochus reigned nine year in Syria. he made first friendship with simon And than he pursued tryphon that fly by the see side in to Antyochia/ But at last he broke covenant of friendship that was made bytw●ne him and simon and made one cendebeus duke and leder in the see ¶ For he should were in the jewry but he was put abak and overcome Simon renewyd friendship with the sparciates that been the lacedomones and sent the Romans a shield of gold of a thousand mnas Trevisa Mua is a manner of other manner money and weigheth sixty cicles ¶ Ciclus is a full unce among the hebrews and among Greeks and Latyns· ¶ Cyclus is a quarter of an unce. So in holy books of hebrewe ciclus is y take for an unce and in heathen menus books Ciclus is y take for a quarter of an unce Than it followeth in the story Such friendship was made between the jews and the Romans that lucius consul of Rome written to kingdoms of the est lands charging that they should not grieve the jews/ Attalus king of asia made the people of Rome cyres of his kingdom ¶ Petrus 2●5/ That year one tholomeus duke of Iheryco that had wedded Symons daughter was bede to the feast and slew Simon and his twey sons But johan Symons son that overcome the hircanes was cleped hircanus and heard hereof and occupied jerusalem and pursued tholomeus and besieged him and for though was the seventh year tholomeus had set johannes mother with twey sons upon the walls of the cyte and made 'em blede before johannes eyen. johan left the cyte and the siege & went his way Antiochus ponticus king of Syria besieged jerusalem/ therefore johan hircanus opened twain of the eight tresor places that standeth about davithiss sepulchre & took thence three thousand talentes and yaf Antiochus three honderd talentes for to go away and of that other deal he made places of socours for pour men for to ceese so the people that grutchyde for the opening of the sepulchre/ johan the bishop overcome the hircanes & was confedered to the Romans Orocius libro quinto ¶ That time was so great multitude of great flies in Affryca▪ that they eat and destroyed corn grass and rinds of trees/ and were adreynt atte last in the see of Affryca and afterward were throw great heepis thereof alond to the cliffs that stank so/ foul and so grievously that the smell thereof slew both beestes and fowls/ At munidia were slain four score thousand men/ at cartage two honderd thousand men/ and at cyte utica were deed thyrtty thousand knights of Rome that were left to keep the contrary Cartage in Affryca was build ayene by best of the Senators of Rome twelve year after that it was destroyed· and thither were brought burgeys of Rome ¶ Antiochus reigned three year and in asia twelve year/ johan hircanus destroyed Samaria/ but herodes build it afterward and cleped it Sebasten/ A duke of the galls went against the Romans with an honderd thousand and four score thousand of men of Arms and was overcome in the brygge of ships that they had made over the water of rome Marcus terencius varro that was both philosophre/ and poet and writer of stories is ybore at Rome ¶ Orocius libro quinto & augustinus libro tercio ¶ The hill mount ethna brent passing that it was wont to doo·s so that it set the cyte of cathenens on fire and undid the lords of ships that come there nigh and brent the bowels of men that were there nigh and choked 'em with hot eyer/ therefore the Romans relesshed the cathenens her tribute for ten year   

¶ Sequitul capitulum 38  
THolomeus Sother the son of cleopatra reigned in Egypt seventeen year Marcus tullius Cithero is born in the vulcene kind Valerius He kept beestes in his youth and ruled th'empire of Rome in his eld/ ¶ It is wonder that he despised lettres/ and was himself a plenteous well of lettres ¶ This was a noble speaker in all manner tongues of wit and of wisdom and chief speaker with tongue. he assoylled all doubts clerely· at will and cleansed and enorned all Rethoryke Me axed him sometime how he come to the fair speaking that he had/ noble facunde said he is a great gift of god almyghty·s Who that known how he should have fair manner of speaking He written all the gests of Troy subtilely as it might be closed in a note sha●e Pol libro quinto capitulo sexto Cithero would sometime buy an house in the palace and had no money and borrowed of one scylla/ but he was wried oer the bargain was made· Than Cythero was moved and denied all that he had received and said that ●e would buy none house. And if I buy an house said he/ I shall knowleche the sooth of that you put to me/ and afterward when he had bought the house it was put against him/ You be unwise saide he if you know not that byers forsake if they will aught buy and make it as though they would no thing there of to have the better cheap and so what he might not deny/ he turned it to board and to laughing and not to blame and to trespasse· He had always that manner doing that as oft as any fowl deed was put against him that he might not deny/ he would put it of with a merry answer ¶ jeronimus ad nepoc Me said sometime of one to tullius in this manner/ Demostenes by nam the that thou were not first pleder and thou hast bynom him that he is not pleder alone This tullius made many books as he saith libro secundo de divinacione ¶ Liber hortensibus Four Archademicis five tusculanis Six annunciandi de divinacione. De Senectute. De amicicia/ de rethorica de officijs. de re publica/ ¶ Titus Six honderd year and five and forty after the building of Rome was a battle between Sertorius and pompeius  
¶ In that battle were deed six honderd knights on that one side and six honderd on that other side/ the first battle endured unto night/ A morrow a knight of pompeius came among the deed bodies that should be buried and perceived that he had slain his own brother and despised the bataylle· and slough himself for sorrow of that deed and fill down deed upon his broders' body/ Petruns capitulo tercio ¶ johan hircanus. died after three and thyrtty year of his ducherye and left after him his wyf that was a noble speaker/ and five sons to rule the jewry· The elder was called Aristobolus that might not suffer his mother to regne over him/ therefore he prysonned his mother and his three young brethren and slough 'em with hunger/ therefore he lived afterward but one year king and bishop and made his brother Antygonus But he let slay him when he come in arms out of the jewry and that made his sister for he would not lie by her/ And so the kingdom of juda was restored ayene that had be withdraw fro Sedechias time unto the aristobolus iiijClxxv year Petrus capitulo quinto ¶ When this Aristobolus was deed his wyf that had no child by him took his elder brother Alysaundre jammeus out of bands and made him king This was a full evil man and slough his own second brother & kept the thyrdde brother to live privily the space of five year/ He slough fifty thousand of old men for they withsayde his vices and evil doing/ he axed on a time how he should please the jews and was answered that he should please 'em if he were deed Than he hinge four score wedded men and her wives and childre ¶ josephus saith that he died atte last the xxvij year of his kingdom and left twey sons a lyve· Hircanus and Arystobolus and wist that they were odious to the jews & made his wyf Alexandria lady of the jews/ She had oft before won love of the people for she abated oft the malice and the tyranny of her husband while he was a live Marius duke of Rome and six scythes consul after that he had overcome jugurta in munidia he slay two honderd thousand of cunbres that come against the Romans and he took four score thousand prisoners and eft with one catulus were deed four score thousand ¶ Tholomeus alexander ●egned in egypte ten year/ For tholomeus sother was put out by his mother cleopatra and chasid in to Cyprys Lucretius the poet is y born that drank afterward love drinks and werth wood/ Netheles he written some books between the rese of his wodenesse. and slough himself with his own honde the year of his life four and forty and cythero amended his books Eutropius libro quinto/ The▪ kingdom of Syria failed and fell to the lordship of the Romans. The battle that was cleped sociale bellum began in ytaly for the pyteus mars pelignes werred strongly four year against the romayns/ In that were deed twey consuls and porans 〈◊〉 But they were overcome at last of scylla and of marius pompeius   

¶ Capitulum 39  
THolomeus Sother that was put out by his own mother ●ekeuerd the kingdom of Egypte/ when his mother was slain by tholomeus Alexander and reigned in egypte eight year ffor cytezeyns had put out tholomeus alexander for the slaughter of his moder·s ¶ Salustius crispus writer of stories is ybore in Sabyn/ of him is yet moche thing write. ¶ That time were seen many great wondres hard and dredeful. For under the arising of the son was seen a dredeful clustre of fire/ And in a feast among the aritines blood ran out of the loves as it were out of new wounds/ And the earth was I seven days to guider with great hail stones meddled with scherdes'/ Among the sampnytes and beneventanes the earth opened & leyhe of fire was s●en break out and stretch up in to heaven/ Also beestes that were wont to live among men forsook stabels and resow and fled to hills and montaynes lowing and bleting Also hounds forsook company of mankind ¶ Orocius libro quinto/ In a plain of campania were seen as it were shiltrons and hosts of fighting men many days together and noise & hurling together of armour was herd & there were seen aftwarde forows and steps of men and of horses ¶ And not long after the battle called bellum sociale/ began the battle called bellum civile· twey brethren germans bygan that battle. either of them was named grac●us The battle was bygonne for the law called agaria/ In that law it was of old time that the senators should entremete of no deed men's fields/ that he had while he was living/ but the fields without any plea should fall to the next of the blood/ but the gentlemen died other wise and held and occupied fields of many men ¶ Therefore one graccus on a day of prayers when all thing should be axed that should be restored axed openly that the fields that were so ●●●den should be delivered and restored ayene to the people Therefore the gentlemen were moved and wroth and slough two honderd of the people with feet and gobettes of chairs of fourmes and of stoles and threw 'em in to tiber/ and graccus was slain. & unburied long time Also Silla the consul went in to campania for to destroy all the relief of the battle called bellum sociale Than marius that had be consul six scythes desired now to be consul the seventh time and proffered to undertake the bataill● against metridas ¶ When Silla wist thereof he turned again to the cyte with four legyons and entered in to the cyte & slough marius messenger and axed brands for to set the Cyte a fire & besieged marius within the capytoyl ¶ Atte last marius imagined to find a mean to meove the comonte of horsemen to help him at that time/ And atte last he egged bondmen to deeds of arms for hope of prey and of freedom but they dared not withstand Than marius went up in to the capytoyl and had many of his men slain and uneath escaped himself ¶ Than marius fled and turned to marries and to wattry places·s there herodes fond him among mory flags and sprays and sent him to Silla and Silla sent him to the cunbres that were the worst enemies that he had and they imprisoned him ¶ There it seemed that gods come to him and were with him there and light 〈◊〉 the prison when that the tormentor was sent in to sle him/ the tormentor's hand failed and shaken for dread and a voys was herd in the eyer wherewith the cunbres were astonied for dread and fell to the ground and betten marius go his way ¶ R Lucanus speaketh of this hap libro secundo. ¶ Marius was flemed and hid in the bushes of the fenny more Titus ¶ This marius was so delivered by help of the goddess marica that was worshipped there/ he had put himself to her by his avow He took with him his fellow Cynna and grieved the romans in many manner wise and gate thoffice of consul and occupied it the seventh time but he occupied that offyce but thyrten days at that time from the first day of januar/ when consuls receiven the array first of consul to thee/ xiij day of the same month Marius after that he come out of prison passed in to affrica & gathered help on every side & came again to destroy the comonte of rome & made his host in four partyes·s One party that was three legions/ he took himself/ Carbo had the second party Sertorius the third and cinna the fourth Sertorius fought strongly with pompeus· marius & cinna entered the cite and slough many of 〈◊〉 consuls and of the Senators  

¶ Augustinus de civitate dei·  
Also marius made octavius the consuls heed be smitten of and let set the heed in prorostris that is the comune place of Rome/ there things be set up in sight for men to look and wondre on/ there the bourgeys were wont to stand and look about and tell there miry tales R ¶ Lucanus saith that in the field called marcius at great feeste he made set the heeds of gentle men that were slain in stead of messes upon the meet bordee. ¶ Titus Marius was so cruel that many men had liefer slay himself. than come in marius hand Therefore catulus the consul drank venom and merula jupiter's own bishop kytte his veins and bled to death ¶ Also Marius bade that noman should be spared though he axed mercy in his own presence/ But if he himself put forth the right hand in token of mercy Therefore the Senators that left and gentlemen of Rome passed in to Grece and prayed Silla the consul to help the comynte of Rome that was nigh lost Eutropius ¶ That time Silla at athene had overcome one Archelaus metridas duke and slain an honderd thousand men/ so that Archelaus hid himself naked three days in deep wattry moors/ when this was known/ metridas prayed for peace and Silla assented and granted for to have the less perylle behind him and for to go the more savely and surer to the civil bataill against marius Than Silla came ayene to Rome and slough and exiled so many thousands of men that Quintus catulus said to him openly. with whom shall we live If we slay armed men in battle and unarmed men in peace ¶ Augustinus libro tercio capitulo visesimo 4· For Silla than gafe l●ue in that stryf to his men to slay whom that they would/ the weigh was opened to take wretch of all old wrath Therefore Sulla's right was were to the comonte of Rome than marius wekednesse though they were unpunished For by both were more men slain than by that one ¶ Eutropius This civil battle dured ten year and destroyed moo than an honderde thousand men and fifty thousand without senators consuls pretoryes and edylicies men of dignity R ¶ Therefore here take heed of six batayls that were among the Romans/ & every battle was called bellum civile· ¶ In the first bataill marius fought against the cyte/ In the second battle silla fought against marius and against his fauctours ¶ In the thyrdde battle. Sertocius fought against pompeus/ In the fourth battle catelina fought aienst the comment/ In the v/ battle lepidus fought against catulus ¶ The sixth a battle was between julius and pompeus Eutropius After this Sylla turned ayene & had worshipfully the mastery of metridas Trogus libro 37/ Metridas metridas son king of pontus was rebel to the Romans six and forty year So that if it seemed sometime that he was overcome he would arise ayene with more might and strength ¶ This was delivered by his kynnesmen out of the awaytes of his own mother that had slain her own five sons/ and this youngling was taken to wardens to kepe· that set him upon a wild horse and compelled him to play and to ride/ And while he ruled the horse over might to his eld/ his wardeyns arrayed venom for to yeve him to drink The wise child dread thereof and drank oft medicines of treacle/ by the which remedies he put of the peril of venom in his yougth/ so that he might not die by venom when he would have died by venom in his eld ¶ Than after venom he dread Ire and feigned that he would go an hunting/ so that in seven year he came never in cyte ne in small town/ so that all that time he had never house over heed/ but walked and lay by night in hills & in montaynes and there he travailed oft wild beestes/ and took 'em with swift running and fought with hem· sometime for to make his body stydfast by use in travail for tendure  
¶ Also when he come to ruling of kingdom. He chastised the Scites that might not be overcome before by sleight of wit ¶ He occupied pontus and macedonia ¶ Also he went privily out of his kingdom and took with him some of his frendes·s and passed in to Asia and went about in Asia and espied the places and countries of that land and came again than in to his own kingdom and found a little son that Laodyce that was both his wyf and his own sister/ had brought forth by a copyner while he was absent in other lands ¶ Therefore the wyf ordeygned venom for metridas when he come home· but he was warned by a wench that served his wyf/ and took wretch of the doers of that falls deed ¶ Than when winter was comen/ he would not be in festes but in the field striving on his horse in running or in great deeds of strength and made his host to use such travail and deeds for to make 'em cunning by use stalworth and stydfaste eftsoons when they should fight  
¶ Than he werred in Galacia and despised the manase of the Romans ¶ Metridas second wyf shaar her heed for love of her husband & used her for to ride for to help what she might/ if her husband fallen in any peril/ and for to be with him always/ her husband was overcome of pompeus & fled and she sewed him always among full cruel nations ¶ Giraldus As oft as highest consuls sulla and Pompeus overcome metridas· so oft he seemed the more mighty and strong for he occupied babyloyne and asia and peased the Scites and made subget capadocia and Armenia and made his own kingdom stretch streyht unto Ind/ and come to ephesus and slough all the Romayns in one day that were in Asia/ Than he sent Archelaus that was the duke before him in to grece with an honderd thousand fighting men that gate him all grece/ Atte last he was held of his own son farnaces and drank venom by his good will for he would have died/ but it grieved him not/ Therefore a knight of the galls that he had grieved was prayed for to slay him and slough him anon/ ¶ After his death Pompeus made Tigranes' king of Syria and brent with fire the temple of jerusalem/    

¶ Capitulum 40  
Ptholomeus denies reigned thyrtty year in egypte. In his time was plantus latinus the great pompeus' endytour and rethoricien/ Libertus the doctor. was in prosperity in rome. sulla the consul died at Rome after that he had the victory of metridas/ Nichomedes king of Bythinia made people of Rome his beires when he died When he was deed metridas broke the peace/ and werred in bythynia and in little Asia Twey consuls of rome were sent against hym· he overcome that one of 'em/ and was overcomen of that other that come byhind/ and followed after him and slough of his an honderd thousand fighting men In 〈◊〉 began a new battle of lxxiiij/ comune fyghters and cokkers that rob brent and slough and brake spousage and did● lechery & overcome the consuls of Rome and gathered 'em/ lx tho●sande men of arms. But after three year marcus the consul overcome 'em in Apulea/ naples ¶ Alexandra otherwise called Sabina Alexandres wyf reigned nine year among the jews and slough and outlawed many jews by counsel of thephareseys. The sect of them bygan at that tyme. Eutr. libro 6 Virgyl marco is born nigh to mantua Scomers and see thieves grieved and rob all the see/ so that the Romayns that were vyctors of all the world about had no sure sailing with out other succour ¶ But Pompeus the consul chastised these thieves atte last Than Pompeus took a battle against metridas and against Tygranes king of Armenye for he had socoured & favoured metridas that was against the Romayns and received him and saved him when he fled the Romayns ¶ Therefore Pompeus overcome metridas in battle by night and destroyed his castles and his tents and slough forty thousand of his men and made tigranes to yield himself· and took f●om him both Armeny and Asia and made him bear tribute of six thousand talentes of silver for he had moved were without cause against the Romans Therefore pompeus overcome metridas Than metridas fled with his wyf and not long afterward he was cruel to his own men and slough his twey sons Than Far●aces his third son took ensample of his bretheren·s and was sore fir and made the host torn to him that was sent to pursue him and besieged his own father in gofforn  
The father cried mercy but the son would not here Than this metridas prayed his gods that his son farnaces might sometime here the same vois of his own sons ¶ Than he gave his wyf and his daughters venom to drink and slough 'em in that manner/ for he might not die by venom he prayed a knight of Galls to slay him and he slough him anon and so metridas died the year of his age lxx/ and the year of his kingdom. lx even After that pompeus overcome the Albans and the men of hiberia of Syria and of Arabia Marc libro 1 ¶ The year of Ptholomeus sixtene· Oracius the poet Satiricus and Liricus were born at venacia a cyte of ytaly ¶ Trevisa ¶ Here take heed that a poet is called Liricus and some poet is cleped satiricus And hath that name of satis that is enough. for the matier that he speaketh of he toucheth atte full ¶ And three poetes he specially called Satirici· Oracius Percius and Iwenalis' Petrus· When that Alexandre was deed that ordained his elder son hircanus to be king and bishop/ ¶ Afterwards the twey sons that were a live hircanus and Aristobolus striven for thempire And gave the Romans occasion to were in judea that is the jewry. ¶ Therefore pompeius came and took jerusalem uneath the third month▪ and. slough· xiij/ M/ Jews and took the other upon their othes·s and threw down the walls of jerusalem even with the ground and gave hircanus the prysthode and led Aristobolus bound and his twey sons with him in to Rome and left staurus lord of Syria Pompeius had be before strengeste in bataylles but for that he stabuled his horses in the porches and other places of the temple/ he had never grace afterward we'll to speed/ and so he fought never after. but he was overcome. Eutropius· libro sexto ¶ When all this was done after that pompeius had fought ryally with two and twenty kings he went in to asia and made an end of the old battle of the est lands ¶ Metridas sons went by fore his char/ & Tigraves' sons also Oracius flactus is born at venusye/ Sergius catelina a noble man of blood but evil and shrewd of wytt and of will conspired with some great men/ right strong to destroy the countray ¶ And though julius Gayus pleted for him and defended his party/ Netheles in tullins cythero the/ consul's time Marcus caton pleted against him and so he was put out of the cyte and son afterward slain in battle/ Also his fellows were taken of one Antonius another consul and prysonned to their lives end Salustius made a book of 'em/ the book is named/ the book of catelinus conspyracy Titus livius the writer of stories is born and vyrgyle learneth at Cremona/ gaius julius cesar is made consul and gallia was iugged to him & iliricus that is grece with x begyons. julius fought ten year against the germayns and galls in many hard batayls Trevisa Here galls been cleped men of gallia/ Gallia is closed with three noble waters with the Rind and the Rone and the see of ocean Though gallia & ffraunce be oft accounted alone land and countray/ Netheles as we speak commonly of France and now here o● gallia Gallia contained all the ream of France and many other countries and lands unto the Ryne northward to the Rone Estward and to the See of Brytayne and of engl●nd westward. ¶ then it followeth in the story julius ix year made hard batails against the germayns & the galls and destroyed four honderd thousand ● and forty thousand of germaynes/ that passed the Ryne for to win gallia Than he made a brygge and passed the Ryne and wan suevia/ than he won all gallia and took pledgiss of the brytons & made 'em trybutary/ Among all his great deeds he fought evil/ but thrice and no moo ¶ Beda acounteth this year sixty before the incarnation/ This year came julius cezar to win brytayn in this manner while julius the consul warrayed against the German and the galls that be to deled only by the River of ●●ne/ he come to the morions and ordained him an honderd ships and thyrtty with sails and with oores and sailed in to Brytayne/ there he was first set with right hard fighting/ and afterwards in a great tempest that fill against him. he lost many ships and horsemen and turned in to gallia/ And sent certain Legyons of knights in to Irland and arrayed eft his ships and had forty ships broken in great tempest. while he went against the brytons and was overcome atte first battle. and labienus the consul was wounded and died right there uneath at second battle julius chased the brytons/ For the Britons had pyghte sharp stakes in the river of thamies/ there julius had landed/ the stakes were great shapen as a manne● thigh and set about with lede as it is yet seen When the Romans were war of this gyle for to escape that peril they took the cyte of Trynovantum by sleight of one andragius and received forty plegges and went thence and occupied the cyte cassybala a strong cyte and a rich set among waters ¶ Than Cesar went in to gallia and was set with hard batay●s on every side Lud king of Brytons is deed▪ he cleped trynovantum Ca●rlud by his own name and build there the west gate and called it after his own mame Ludgate/ His brother Cassibelanus reigned after him for lord left after him twey sons on live/ Andragius and Teamucius/ and were to young to govern the Royamme/ But when they come to age Cassybelanus gave to Andragyus the Cyte Trynovantum with the ducherye of kente And he gave Temancius the ducherye of Cornewayle/ That ty●e julius cezar sailed in to Brytayne and was twice put of/ but while the king and Andragyus were at great stryf/ For Andragyus' nephew in wrestling Andragyus sent for julius cezar and he came And wan the land and made king cassybelanus trybutary and cassibelanus lived seven year after that julius was a go ¶ Crassus Pompeius fellow and consul after gabynus death was sent to be ruler of Syria for to chastley the parches that were waxed rebel ¶ For to speed that journey Crassus took two thousand talentes out of the temple of jerusalem· the which Pompeius spared ¶ Therefore Crassus' fighting against the perches was overcome and taken/ The parches melt gold and powered in his throat and despised him and sayde· thou Roman art a thirst after gold/ now drink gold atte full   

¶ Capitulum 41  
CLeopatra the daughter of tholomeus denies king of egypt was Empryce of egypte two and twenty yere· two year before julius cezar five year under julius and fyften year after octavianus augustus/ A battle civil bygan between julius and his wives father pompeius in this manner Giraldus/ For Julius when that he had travailed ten year and won Gallia germania and brytayne. He axed the worship that was dew for so great vyctoryes and noble deeds/ But Pompeius' cato and marcellus the consuls withseyden him and bade him leave the hoos●· and come again to the cyte ¶ Eutropius libro sexto And by authority of marcellus the consul the great Pompeius was sent with commandment to the Legyons that were at luceria/ and for that of putting julius cezar with his host ●●me against the country ¶ Suetonius ¶ There were many manner dygnyt●es in Rome/ Somme thereof dured one year. the chief dignity of all was the dictators dignity that dured five year/ But first was but one dictator but afterward the comment increased And were made three dictator's in Rome/ for if there fill any discord between the twain/ the thyrdde should redress it· ¶ It happened that these three were dictator's together Pompeius julius and marcus crassus of the which pompeius/ for he was an old man and of the chivalry Emeryta left at home for to govern the comonte Trevisa In twenty-five. chapter of the first book/ it is written that sometime the knights of rome after that they were sixty year old should not be compelled to deeds of Arms/ but they should be at home and have certain lyvelode· and than they were called knights of the chivalry Emeryta/ that is put out of deeds of armes·s Than it followeth in the story● ¶ Crassus' was sent to were against the Parches and was taken & lost by gyle and by treason ¶ Julius was sent in to the west lands & dwelled five year to make the galls and the Allobrogues men of Burgoyne subget ¶ Than he held the dignity other five year/ by his own Auctory●●/ In the which five year/ he warrayed against the brytons and eft against the galls ¶ Than in his coming to Rome ward when he came to Alpes·s he sent to pompeius whose daughter he had wedded that he should array for him triumphum that is the worship that a vyctor of Rome should have in his coming to Rome after the victory But for julius had held the dignity by his own authority longer than he should Pompeius warned him the worship called tryumphus by assent of the Senators Than julius was wroth and went to the cyte aienst pompeius ¶ Eutropius libro sexto ¶ Than pompeius dread with the Senators and consuls and fled in to grece and arrayed there a battle against julius cezar/ Julius entered in to the cyte of Rome as it were in to a cyte being void and broke the common tresory ¶ Orocius libro sexto ¶ Julius took four thousand pound of gold and six score and ten of silver He took four thousand and ten thousand pound and deled to his knights ¶ Eutropius ¶ And in likeness of peace he occupied the dygnytees everichone and went than in to spain/ and there he destroyed pompeius strength ●oostes and three capytains/ than he come in to grece and fought with pompeius In the first battle julius was overcomen and chased and when night come pompeius would not follow and pursue the chase Therefore julius said that pompeius couth not take the victory and that only that day he might have be overcomen ¶ After that they fought in thessalia their pompeius sheltron had forty thousand foot men and six honderd horsemen in the lift wing. and five honderd in the rygt wing and all the help of the est side with nobley of the Senators pretoryes and consuls Cesar had in his shiltron not fully thyrtty thousand horsemen/ and at last in the battle pompeius host fled. and his tents were destroyed and he himself fled to the young ptholomeus king of egypte and axed help of him for he was assigned by the Senators to be his tutor and wardeyn ¶ Netheles the king followed more hap and fortune than friendship and let slay pompeius and scent to julius his heed and his ring ¶ When julius saw the heed and the ring he wept well better teeris and went forthwith to Alexandria and tholomeus arrayed busshementes Than cezar was overset with strength of his enemies and went in to a boot that was so heavy laden with men that followed him that it sank down and was dreynte ¶ Than cesar swum three honderde paas with one hand & held charters with that other hande· above the water and come to a ship▪ There he was comforted anon and drenched either took all the kings navey in battle on· the see easily enough But the Alexandrynes prayed for her kings life/ and julius granted and charged him that he should rather essay the friendship of the Romans than deeds of Arms/ Netheles anon as he was free he gave cesar a battle. but he and his host were son destroyed Cesar bytoke that kingdom to a woman called Cleopatra and dwelled with her two year in lechery Hugo capitulo janus That time julius amended the calendar and fond the cause of the leep year R ¶ The Romans as the Hebrews bygan her year in march unto numa pompilius time/ And this numa put januar and februar to the year in an uncertain manner/ but the year was not fully amended before julius time Quintilis the fifth month after march was afterward called julius in worship of julius cesar for he was born in that month or in that month he died some great deed and vyctory· for such a ma●er skyle sextilis the six ●he month after march is cleped Augustus in worship of augustus cesar/ Eut/ Cesar remeoved from egypte and overcome f●rnaces metridas son in battle and let●e slay him for he had meyntened pompeius against Julius/ thennes' he went to Rome and made him consul the thirdde time ¶ Than he went in to Affryca and overcome in battle the noble dukes Scipio and porcius cato and juba the king of mauritania and they slough 'em self afterward ¶ R Seneca epistola 26 & Pol libro septimo capitulo sexto Spe●en of this caton and say that he drank venom and smote himself in to the breast with a sword and so he yield up the ghost ffor he would not see cesar regne while he were a live. also seneca secundo libro ad Severum Cato lived not after freedom nowther freedom after cato ¶ Also another story of Rome saith that cato was not in the battle that was between julius and pompeius/ but he herd of pompeus' death and red platoes books de inmortalite anime and saw in that book that the soul may not die and so he wounded himself but his fire ndes counseylled him to live and a leche died his cure to his wounds but when they were argo he opened his wound and so he died This doing is not excusable in cato were he never so weal latered & so glorious/ First for his friends counseylled him the contrary that were wise men & kind ¶ Also for that he counseylled his son not for to do so but he counseylled him rather to live under julius cesar the victor. The third skyle for he slough himself by envy for he would not suffer and see julius wealth and his joy/ And so it seemeth that cato slough himself by unstydfastnesse and folly/ for he would not suffer anguyssh and disease and not by honneste to void and escape foul manner of doing Here take heed of many catons that were in Rome among the Romayns/ one was cato quaestor/ he brought ennius the poet out of tarent in to Rome Another was mennius cato that fought wonderly against the greeks in paul emilins tyme. ¶ Another was marcus porcius cato that was called utycensis for he slough himself at a Cyte called utyca in Affryque/ Of him we speak now at this time/ and in caas this was tensorius cato/ Of him speaketh jerom in epistola ad Nepocianum and saith that him shamed not when he was an old man to learn lettres of grue/ nowther was put out of hope and trust for to speed ¶ This was a philosopher of the sect that heet secta stoycorum· Trevisa Stoici had that name of a porch of Athene called stoa/ theridamas were painted deeds and doing of wise men and of strong ¶ The first philosopher of that sect. was named Zenon ¶ Than it followeth in the story ¶ This cato made a great science of virtues and of manners that is called ethica catonis/ thereof was that little book of metre drawn caton that children learn in school Eutropius After an year cesar went eft to Rome and made him consul the fourth time and soon after went in to spayn where pompeus sons had arrayed right strong bataylles in the last battle there cesar was so nigh overcome/ that his men fled & he was in point to slay himself jest in his eld he should fall in to childres hand after great worship and joy and great deeds of chivalry ¶ Cesar was than six and fifty year of age at last his men turned ayene and overcome his enemies & eft he went to Rome & made men called him Emp●rour. he was called Emperor for a passing lordship of one pryncipate/ & was called cesar/ for he was kytte out of his mothers womb when his mother was deed ¶ Cesus' in latyn is cutt● in englysshe Eutropius/ ¶ When julius by his own will should do worship to the people as the people died him byfore· he would neither arryse against the Senators when they come to him & died many other tyrannies & doings against the custommes of Rome Than lx horsemen & Senators of Rome & specially twain Either was called Brutus conspired against him/ so that on a day· when the Senators should come together julius came to the capitoyl and was stykked through/ and had three and twenty wounds and died   

¶ Capitulum 42  
IVlius went toward the capitoyle and rec●yued lettres/ that were juggis of his death/ the messenger that brought the lettres said that he should be deed if he come that day among the gathering of the people. I shall now said julius speak with an astronomer and afterward I shall see the gadring and the lettres. Than he called to him an astronomer that said that julius should die in the kalends/ this day said julius be the kalends and yet I am on live/ ¶ To day be the kalends said the astronomer/ but they be not passed/ and I would that I were found a lyer· Than julius went to the capitoyl & was slain with alles of comune contekkers or brawlers. the first day of march/ but there seemed no wound in his body. but the lettres were found in his hand after his death ¶ Petrus An hundreth daye● before julius death fill a lyghtning upon julius image in the cheaping place· and took away the letter/ C/ of this name cesar· Also the night before his death his chambre windows were so gryslye and so sternly opened/ that julius resed out of his bed/ and wend that the house had fall upon him ¶ Also the day after his death there seemed three sons in the eest that went a little and little to geders all in one son/ that bytokened that the lordship of the three parties of the world should come all in to one princes lordship ¶ Owther more verily/ it bytokened that all the world should know the trinity/ three▪ persons and one god/ Also an ox spoke to a plough man in the subarbes of Rome and said that he was prykked and driven in ydel/ for in short time said he men shall fail more than Oxen owther wheat/ Also in julius pyler that now pilgrims call saint peter's nylde. there the ashes were of julius body/ that was brent It was written in metre in this man●● ¶ Thou were great Cesar as all the world is at eve/ And art now set there closed in a little stone R ¶ Also many men written many things in praysyng● of julius/ for Eutropius libro sexto saith that noman was punished this day that he entered in to the cyte ¶ Also he made his knights have costlew armour for they should defend he in more manly for dread of so great loss/ ¶ There was never man more noble than he in battle by his leading/ there were slain eleven honderd thousand four score xij thousand of his enemies without the batayls that were called bella civilia. for he would not write the number of 'em that were slain in civil battles Trevisa/ Bellum civil is a battle among the Romans 'em self Than it followeth in the story ¶ Julius fought fifty scythes with banner displayed/ Also no man written swyfter than he/ no man red swyfter than he ¶ Also he used to indite four manner pystles and lettres at one's. And whom he made subget by arms he overcome 'em more by myldenesse Also there was no day in all his hard werres and batayls that he nold write rede owther indite Plenius Julius Caesar'S hand was as able to the pen as to the sword but no man governed the comonte better than he in all his great lordship/ he bade never slay man but one domicius/ to whom he had yeven his life before/ He took him once in a civil battle and gave him his life and bade him forswear Arms and saw him afterward fight against him in a battle Than he said to his knights It is ynowh to me to yeve an unkind man once his life/ he was never so wroth with man that he nold foryeve if he saw skylful occasion ¶ Also julius was of great suffraunce· for in his worship in his coming to Rome after a great victory knights of Rome said in his own herring and he was never the wrother Lo cesar taketh worship as a vyctor for he hath overcome the galls why hath/ Nychomedes king of bithinia noon worship as a victor for he overcome Cesar· for me said that he had to greet friendship with him Therefore me saith that Tullius said to julius/ hail king and Queen and eft hail queen of bythinia thou were sometime woman of all men and now thou art made man of all women Pol libro tercio ¶ Julius cesar was sore aggrieved of his ballidnesse and here failed on his mould and on his fortop. he would bend his here from the polle toward the forhede· and a knight of Rome that wa● reproved of cowardyse before julius said to julius/ Iu●●us said he it were lighter to make the not balled than it were to the to make me do any thing cowardly in the host of Rome/ Also there were famous books and mury gests made and known openly in despite of him and he suffered it patiently ynowh ¶ Also one despised him and his mother kin and called him bakar and he roughte nothing thereof Therefore cythero in praising of him saith/ Julius couth not foryete but only injury and wrong Plenius Cesar came on a time in to julius school and Tullius aroos against him and julius forbade him and sayde· arise not against me/ for wit and wisdom is better than might & strength Shall I not arise said Tullius against the vyctor of the world/ Thou hast won a more worshipful crown and price than it were to streche out of the bounds of the empire of Rome and by cause of that word julius ordained a law that he that red owther held a book should not arise against no man ¶ Valerius Acius the poet aroos not against julius Cesar/ when julius came in to the college of poetes and me axed him why he sat still in the coming of so great a lord/ the alas said he shall arise against the greater & peer shall come to his peer but wit and wisdom passyth all. & julius allowed his saying R A man child and a maid child were brought before julius/ that were most like him of any children a live/ and Julius by held 'em on a time and gave them great yefts and sent 'em ayene with such versus showeth all one cheer like and peers gone in fere/ lat no myskyssing have pris of your both living None ivy sprays none noise of downs lays You like of cheer be in fere without any gyle ¶ Apuleus The conspiracy of catelin come out by cithero the best consuls time and was dampened  
¶ There nowther for nobley of the person that had gilded/ nowther roialle spekinge of julius cesar that was his patron and his avowry and pletede for him by mildness and pite at that time if he might him help. For marcus cato plete d ai●̄st him and proved him guilty ¶ Salustius ¶ There were twey noble men marcus cato and gaius julius well ●ighe of one worthiness of blood of age and of noble and royal speech and alike of heart/ but they were of diverse joy and worship. ¶ Cato was great in cleanness of ●f/ in largeness of yefts & in mildness that one had worship by cruelness & that other by freedom of yefts ¶ Cesar by yefts Cato by yevinge of none yefts is praised ¶ In cesar succour and refute of wretches and of needy men. In caton punisshinge of evil doers ¶ In cesar waking and travail for gendeinge of his own/ no thing werne that he might do array new batails desirous triumphous and worship as a victor of Rome all this was liking to cesar Caton loved business of sobrenesse of stydfastnesse of sternesse· He strofe not with richesse against the rich not with trayson against the traitor but with strength against the strong/ with honneste aienst the the sober man. he desired more to be good. than to seem good. So that the less he desired worship the more worship he had ¶ Gaufredus and Alfr When cassibelanus was deed in Brytayne & buried at york/ his nephew tenancius was king after him Tenancius was duke of corn wail and king luddes son and andragius brother/ Andragius went with julius cesar to Rome   

¶ Capitulum 43  
When julius cesar was slain Octavianus of Rome xviij year of age was sent with twey consuls for to pursue marcus Antonius. that was than deemed open enemy to the comment/ for he made insurrection against the Senators and against hem/ that slough julius cesar This octavianus was a Roman/ Octavius the senators son And come of Aeneas on his mother side by the kindred called julia familia and was Julius Caesar'S nephew of his sister born and his own son adoptiws and julius made him his heir in his testament/ Marcus was overcome at mutina/ and the twey consuls died by the wey· than had Octavianus the great hosts at his commandment ¶ octavianus made peace with Marcus Antonius atte desire of one lepydus/ that was master of the horsemen to him/ Marcus antonius was fled Than Octavianus came to Rome in his xx year of age/ and took the dignity and made himself consul by strength/ & afterward reigned Emperor Luj year sex months and some what of days that was from the month of march to the first day of october/ In the which time he reigned twelve year with Antonius and four and forty year all one and so he brought all the world in to one principate and lordship ¶ And as the kings of Rome hadden the name of julius Cesar/ and were called cesares so they that came after this octavianus Augustus had the name of him Augustus Hugo capitulo Augeo This had not that name Augustus only of Augere that is for increase or make more for he made more & eched the comune profit/ but for he was born in that month Augustus· owther for For he had th● victory in that month of Antonius and of cleopatra This augustus was the son of one Actia julius sister daughter Eutropius libro septimo Than augustus the first of his empire in wretch of julius death exiled the Senators and chased brutus and cassius And took cithero to Antonius palace in hope of accord cithero was than in lxxij year ¶ Augustinus de civitate dei libro tercio capitulo tercio ¶ Tullius had faverd and tendrely kept octavianus in his yongth against the malice of Antonius in hope that he should help moche th'empire and the comune profit of Rome/ Netheles octavianus let Antonius slay tullius cythero as it were by a manner covenant of accord Than when Antonius would have kytte of tullius tongue for he had written moche against him Antonius in blame of him than tullius answered in metre and said. Naught dost thou Antoni writing shall needs abide ¶ Eutropius then Octovianus with Antonius' slough hem that slough julius Cesar. both brutus and cassius and great multitude of other/ And afterward they deled th'empire between 'em/ So that Augustus' hield spain gallia and ytaly. and Antonius held the East lands ¶ Valerius libro quarto ¶ Porcia the great catons' daughter when she heard that her husband Brutus was slain for she had none egg toll she took brenning coals in her mouth/ Somme say that ovidius naso the poet was born at pelgius Salustius the advocate and writer of stories died at Rome This had ever envy to Cythero/ he wedded terencia to wyf that Cythero had by dyvorse put from him & forsaken Therefore cythero made gests in reprove of salustius ¶ Ysidorus libro primo This salustius was master of plays. and put first this l●ttre/ KING/ to t●e latyn lettres for to have some dyversite of sown between/ C/ and 9/ Only latyn men usen this letter K· ¶ Petrus decimo s●ptimo ¶ The principate of jews failed and herodes Ascolonita reigned in the jewry six and thyrtty year/ his father was Antipater of Idumea and his mother was of Arabia ¶ When Hircanus Aristobolus brother and Antipater/ this herodes father. had be friends and hadden grace of julius cesar. as they hadden bifore of pompeus Hircanus was confirmed in the kingdom of jewes·s but so that he should not be called king And Antipater of Idumea was accused to julius of great falsehood/ than be showed openly the wemmes of the four wounds/ that he had in egypte therefore julius made him procurator of the jewry Afterwards his second son herodes that was. afterward called ascolonyta for that he repaired the cyte Ascalon/ he was made procurator of galylee when Antipater was slain by malice of venom/ this herodes had so great grace of Antonius that of procurators he made him and his brethren four princes/ Petrus 14/ Atte last this herodes followed Antonius to Rome and by help of him he was declared king of the jewry And crowned. in the capitoyl in presence of themperour Augustus Than this herodes was sent with twey dukes of Rome that should put him in his kingdom ¶ But Antigonus that occupied the kingdom of the jewry in the mean time by help of the perches he wounded so one of the dukes of Rome/ that herodes might not regne before the fourth year But atte last by help of Antonius that▪ was than all Athenes/ when Jerusalem was besieged five months and unnethe taken/ herodes was brought in to his kingdom the fourth year of his crowning And therefore it is that sometime moo years be red of herodes Petrus This more herodes had nine wives & put 'em away and wedded one mariammes that was hircanus Ne●● and arcumcided himself for her love and turned to the sect of the jews And bygate on her Alexander and Aristobolus and on desides he bygate Antipater/ On. metheta he bygate Archelaus. On cleopatra he biga●● philip and herodes antipas that was afterward called tetrarcha one of the four princes/ But this Aristobolus that was herodes son bygoten on Beronica the daughter of his own aunt called Saloma/ he bygate the great Agrippa Aristobolus & herodes that was smitten of the angel as it is red in actibus Apostolorum ¶ Also on the foresaid beronica he gate twey daughters mariammes and herodias that was afterward Philippes wyf that was Aristobolus ●ame and uncle/ Netheles living this philip herodyas bycame this herodes wife that was Philippes brother/ ¶ at last their fill strife between her mariammes the more herodes wyf and Saloma herodes sister/ ¶ And Herodes by counseyl of his sister slough first hircanus the bishop And afterward he slough jonathas the brother of mariammes that he had made bishop against god's law in his seventeen year of age And than he slough his wyf Mariammes and the husband of his sister Saloma and bore them on hand that they had lain by his sister Saloma  
¶ But afterward Herodes for the death of Mariammes fallen in to wodenesse as a man that was oft lunatik that is mad in certain times of the moan and took again his wyf dosides. and her son Antipater. And send Alysaunder and Aristobolus the sons of mariamines to Rome for to lerne· But he slough 'em afterward/ Also herodes left after him many of his wise works/ for he honoured the temple and reparayled Samaria and called it sebasten in worship of cesar/ he build a temple about the well of jordan He fulfilled the building of cesarea in palestina in worship of cesar He set an eagle of gold that was great and heavy upon the gate of the temple that was called speciosa in worship of the Romayns But the jews bore that full heavy & took it in evil   

¶ Capitulum 44  
Antonius' put from him his wyf Cleopatra Caesar'S sister/ and wedded the queen of egypte and gave her Arabia By covetise that women have she desired to regne in Rome/ and by her counsel and comfort Antonius moeved a civil battle against octavianus and was overcome at actia in grece ¶ Petrus visesimo octavo Herodes was not at that battle/ for that time Antonius had sent him again to the king of Arabye atte prayer of cleopatra. so that he should have his kingdom that were overcome whether it ever were ¶ Eutropius libro septimo ¶ Antonius when he was overcome at Actium/ he sledde in to Egypte/ there he slough himself ffor he had none hope of help ne of succour ¶ Cleopatra made her gay and met with Augustus' intending to meove him to lechery/ But she might not speed and was put in ward and escaped away and laid herself in the grave by her husband Antonius and died by the venom of a naddre that she took with her/ Afterwards Egipte fallen to th'empire Petrus 78. After this augustus enlarged herodes kingdom for he had wytly provided for him what him needed while he was toward egypt/ R. Some acompte the first year of augustus's hole kingdom from this place for aftward he reigned all one. Beda super danielen seith so as it semeth· that time marcus terencius varro died that was lxxx year old & x. Virgilius mar●o the poet of mantua died at Brundisium/ when he was about fifty winter old and was buried in naples with such a writing upon his tomb that he made when he died owthe● ovidius afterward as some men say Mantua brought me forth calabres ravessed me/ holdeth now percinope/ made lief fields and leders R ¶ This was wise and cunning of philosophy and used oft necromancy Therefore Al●xandre de naturis cerum tellith wonderly of him and saith that naples was grieved with a pestilence by blood soukers and virgyl threw a golden blood souker in to the bottom of a pit/ And many year after this golden blood souker was take up out of the pit/ & anon the cyte was full of blood soukers without remedy/ till the golden blood souker was put in to the pit again/ It is also said there/ th●t one marcellus of naples might not keep flesh long without appayring/ but virgyl by his wit ordained remedy against that meschyef and closed flesh savoured/ I not by what virtue of herbs so that five honderd year the flesh was found fressh and of good savour. Also there it is said that vyrgyle closed his orchard all about with air in stead of a wal· And he made a brygge of air and used to go over that bridge when and whyder him liked/ There it is said also that he build that noble palace at rome· in the which were set all the images of provinces and of lands Hugo saith the same and putteth more thereto of collosens that image of the son owther of rom● Look more hereof in the first book in the chapter of Rome/ Pol libro primo/ Me saith the poet of mantua that is vyrgyl axed of marcellus of napl●s the nephew of Augustus. wherefore ●e slough many birds and whether him were liefer be shapen to a bird to take birds owther to a fly to take & slay flies/ he told this to his graūtsi● augustus & by counseylle of him he chess to be made a fly that he might drive all the flies out of naples Herby it seemeth that the comune profit should be put before every work/ Varrus and tuctu virgyls fellows by commandment of Augustus amended vyrgyls book Eneydos·s netheles upon such a condition that they should put no thing more thereto This year Saint marry crysties mother is born. her father was joachim of the lineage of juda and her mother was anna Isachars daughter of the lineage of levy ¶ R ¶ Here take heed as jerom saith that anna and emerea were twey sustres ¶ Of Emerea came Elyzabeth johan baptiste mother ¶ Also Anna was first wedded to joachym and had by him marye Cristes' mother/ ¶ And she was afterward wedded to cleophas and had by him marye cleophe that was wedded to alphens and of hem come jacobus minor/ the alas james called Alpheus'/ And Simon cananeus judas thaddeus and joseph otherwise called barsabas but in historia ecclesiastica Eusebius libro. 2 ca 2 saith that jacobus minor the lass james was cleped our lords brother/ for he was the son of joseph the spouse of marry But that is not comynly held Also Anna was wedded to Salome and had by him marye salome that was wedded to Zebedeus and had by him the more james & johan Evangelist The first marye that was cristes mother was wedded to joseph the foresaid cleophas brother Gaufr and Alfr ¶ Kinbe●●nus tenancius son reigned in Brytayne and gate twey sons guiderius and aruyragus Oracius flactus and Satiricus seven & fifty year old died at Rome the xxxuj year of themperour augustus and the xiv year of Augustus marcus/ Porcius Cato Latinus that was declamator a great doctor and Seneca the philosophres fellow slough himself for noy. & sorrow of a double quarteyne ¶ Marianus libro secundo In the one and forty year of Augustus in the seventh month that is september in the eleventh day of the moan the xxiv day of september on a thursday johan baptist was conceived and there after two honderd days lxxv on a friday he was born And so he went before crist in his conceiving in his birth in his baptisinge in his preaching and in his dying/ for he must wane and crist must wax and encrease· For a woman goth with child from the conception to the birth two honderd days lxxuj/ so many days crist had in his moders wombe· though not all women go so long with child as saint Austyn means de civitate dei libro quarto capitulo quinto. But johan had twey days lass in his mothers womb ¶ Also johan was born when the day bygan to shorten or wane And crist when the day bigan to wax long Also johan was buried without heed & in crist was no bone broken   
¶ Explicit liber tercius   

¶ Incipit Liber quartus  

Octavianus Augustus bygan to regne in march/ In the beginning of his xlij year in the year of herodes/ xxxj/ in the thyrdde year of the Olimpias nine score and ten after the building of the Cyte of Rome/ seven C/ year & five after the conception of johan baptist the sixth month the twenty-five day of march in a frydaye the tenth day of the moan the twelve indiction at nazareth in galylee crist was conceived of the virgin marry joseph's spouse Trevisa The greeks used sometime turnemences deeds of might and of strength atte foot of the h●lmons olympus once in five year and named such deeds & plays olimpias And also the first five year of such plays they named the first olimpias And the second five year of such deeds & plays the second olimpias And the third five year the thyrdde olimpias/ & so forth of all other And for crist was conceived in the twelfth indiction that is the meaning in twelve year of the indiction. therefore take heed that the indiction is the time of fyften year for when the Romans had won many provinces and lands they had of everich land that they had won three manner tribute in fyften year and cleped the xv year indiction and the first/ v/ year of the indiction the Romans had brass to tribute for to make armour & the second/ v/ year they had silver for to pay knights & the thirdde & the last five year of indiction they had gold to the tresory of rome/ Petrus/ Criste was conceived full man in soul and in flesh so that the shape of his limbs and of his body might not be seen with man's eye & so endeth the/ u· age of the world as it were the age often grieved with care & with woe from the transmigration of jews unto crist that is from march before brenning of the temple that was done in harvest unto march in the xlij year of augustus under xiv gnations & & containeth/ u C year & xlj so seith bede· Is●d seith v C year & xlv Elporicius seith· u. C four score & ix· But the veriest acountes of all says v C year lxxx & xj/ for Isidre in cronike of his v book hath one leped ptholomeus filometor between tholomeus epiphanes & tholomeus eugetes the second/ & oft he overlepith tholomeus Sother in the second● order of his regning that reigned after that his mother was slain eight year and the sixthe age of the world beginneth from crist the age is not certain of generations nowther of years but it shall be ended as it were by death the last age of all the world Some will mean that the sixthe age of the world bigan at the incarnation of crist by the which incarnation criste visited us and came down from heaven/ Somme acounten the sixth age of the world from the birth of crist. & for that authority of the apostle when plente of time come god send his son born of a woman/ Somme acounte from the cristning of crist for the virtue that was yeven unto the water to bring forth children ghostly when the circumcision bygan to cease. Some acounte from Christ's passion for than was opened the gate of paradyse Than the years from the beginning of the world that was the xiv day of Apryl in the which day the world began unto the incarnation of crist were five thousand and two honderd year so seith orocius/ But the common calculing saith five thousand & C year four score and sixteen/ Marcius saith five thousasand an/ C year and nine/ the first Adam sinned in a friday and died in the same friday after nine honderd year and thirty. and in such a friday the second Adam that is crist took flesh & blood and ended his fasting and suffered death for mankind/ & in the same hour of the friday that adam was put out of paradyse right in such an hour the thief was brought in paradise/ Marianus libro secundo· It is naught against this that holy church holdeth that the first adam was made of earth in the ix day before apryl. & crist conceyvid the seven day tofore Apryl ffor the night of the ix/ day before the first day of apryl that come after the day that adan was made in is now made by Christ's passion the night of the viij/ day of april that goth before the day/ for thee/ viij/ day before april of his first party is made the ix day before april & of his last party that is the night in the which crist was held and buffeted and scorned. is made the seven day afore apryll/ than it followeth that crist suffered the ix day/ the viij/ day & the vij· day afore Apryl. that may be showed by another reason/ For every year the letter of the day changeth in the calendar/ for there is one letter more than/ lij/ wekys. ¶ It is no wonder though the friday that was in the beginning of the world the nynethe day afore Apryll When Adam was made fill after so many years the seventh day afore Apryl when Criste suffered death that holdeth and approveth loore of greet men authority of holy church. and certain essay of calcalers 3 ¶ But as saint Austyne saith above/ Against reason no sober man deemeth no Cristen man deemeth against holy writ/ no possible man deemeth against holy church Also here take heed that saint Austyn saith that criste say in the heart of the earth three days and three nights/ but not all full and hoole three days and three nights/ For Criste say in his grave· but forty hours/ So that he say in his grave in the last end of the first day for to acounte the first day of four and twenty hours with the night that was to the ffrydaye that criste died in. And crist say in his grave holy all the second day and in the first party of the thyrdde day And so saint austyn saith that yche of these three days had his night So that the night passed a fore the day/ thereby it seemeth that the master of the stories should not be folewyde/ there he saith that the night that was between the saturday and the sunday of the resurrection was come both to the saturday and also to the sunday ¶ Lucas and beda then marry aroos after that she had conceived and come in to Zacharyes' cyte four mile out of jerusalem and was there three months and served her cousin elizabeth till that she had a child. And than mary went ayene in to her own house in too nazareth ¶ Lucas Than would not her spouse joseph take her sekerly to his wyf for she was found with child till the angel charged him in his sleep that he should take her without dread ¶ Lucas/ That time come out a maundement from cesar augustus for to describe all the world Petrus Cesar would weet the number of lands of the world that were subvet to rome & also the cities of every land & the number of pollies of every cite & bad that out of subarbes of cit●es of small towns & great & out of every countray & kith every man should depart home to his own cyte that he come of & had of his birth/ & every man should take a penny of silver of the value of the ten pens that were tho used to the styward of the province & knowliche himself. subget to themperour of rome· Lucas/ Therefore joseph went out of nazareth in to bedlam that was his cite with his wife marry that was with child for to knowleche there/ & there marry was deliud & had a child. Petrus/ Than in the end of xlij year of augustus the saturday at night that than followed the day the xiv year of age of mary the seven/ day afore ianivere crist was born at bethlem. & than the viij day after he was circumcided in a sunday/ the xij day after the birth was the epyphany & fell in a friday the uj day of Janivere than come the kings & worshipped crist & after that xl days after the nativity in a thursday the second day of feverere crist was presented in the temple inmind thereof is candelmasse day/ After that by warning of the Angel that warned joseph in his sleep he fled in to egypte with his mother And joseph was there six year unto herodes death Herodes cast for to slay all the children by cause of crist. for he would be sicker of him among other ¶ When Criste entered in to egypte the mawmettes overthrew and fill down R ¶ Than to the seventh day afore apryll that was the friday in the which criste was conceived to the night of the sondaye in which crist was born/ were to honderd days three score and sixteen the which number of days maketh nine months of the moan and six days/ So that every month be of thyrtty days as men accounted in old time These nine months and six days been assigned to women that goth with child as yet were ten months though not all women go with child to this sixte day/ As yet was sooth of saint johan baptiste and of saint marrow that had one day lass than crist in the mother womb R ¶ And for of the coming to gyders of years of criste and of kings the begynnyngys' and the ends been uncertain and full often fall great doubts in acountynge of years. And also of the years of our lord/ what year he was baptysed· what year crist suffered death ¶ authors speaken diversly/ therefore for to put away all manner doubt take heed by bedas loore libro de temporibus. that the Romans before numa pompilius time bygan the year in march as the hebrews don But from numaes time that put two months to the year janyvere and feveryere/ the Romans bygynne the year in the beginning of janyvere/ Holy church in the west lands followeth them in the common calendar and in the year that is most used  
But the greeks that brought up olimpias begynnen the year from the shortest day of the winter ¶ But the hebrews beginnen the year in march when the day and the night been like long/ for that time the world was first made ¶ But the Egypcians bygynnen the year from harvest ¶ Men of the eeste lands as Arabes and caldeis begynnen the year after the gadring of wine and corn and of fruit when the tethenges been brought in to the temple in the beginning of october when the day and the night been alike in harvest time as yet seemeth ●zechielis vision their he speaketh of the fourth month and the fifth day of the month among them october was the first month & janyvere the fourth R/ ¶ It is said that diverse men have diverse beginning of years and yet over that cometh diverse years by some hap that there falls and beginneth in diverse times of the year that we most use as yet is of years of kings that begynnen to regne in diverse time of the year that we most use yet we acounte the years of our lord in twey manner wise/ other by his birth or by his age. ¶ And also while crist was born in the end of the year that we use by the son/ he had of the first year of his birth but seven days from the natyuy●e to years day But the first year of his age of twelve months by his course from the five and twenty day of december to the same day twelve months is fulfilled the second year of his birth And so in the first year of his age he fulfilled almost two year of his birth/ And the second year of his birth is the first year of his age therefore yet is that the years of the birth of our lord by the course of the son be nigh four and thyrtty year & an half and the years of his age nigh three and thyrtty year & an half and he was baptized in his/ thirty/ year of age and the xxxj year of his birth for to acounte that year with the last party that was almost an half year It is sooth that criste prechid four year and specially three year and an half by the Gospel of saint johan· And so crist suffered death in the xxxiij year of his age and in the xxxiiij year of his birth ¶ R Than in the two and forty year of Octavianus in the which year crist was born bygan in march and endeth in march Therefore that year bygan in the thirdde year of Olimpias nine score and fourten & endeth in the fourth year of the same olimpias in the month of march And fo● the wisdom of our lord ordained his birth there the greeks begynnen the year with the olimpias/ therefore the years of our lord bygynne and end with ●he Olimpias But the years of kings and of Emperors begin and end certainly but right selde· therefore it is hard to acounte them with olimpias owther with years of our lord for they begin oft in one year of the olimpias and end in another Than the kingdom of Augustus is accounted in march ¶ And crist beginneth his first year of his birth in the end of augustus's two & forty year/ than the xlij year of Augustus bigynneth in the first year of the age of criste and the xliij year of Augustus in the second of the age of crist and is xliiij year in the thyrdde and so forth   

¶ Sequitur Capitulum secundum  
when our lord was born a well of oil sprung by yond Tiber out of the tavern emeritoria and ran all a day & a circle was seen about the son ¶ Trevisa Knights of Rome after sixty year left deeds of arms and were called knights of the chivalry emerytoria and spend what they had in a tavern beyond Tiber/ And therefore that tavern was called taberna emeritoria Marcus ¶ The image of gold fell down that Romulus had set in his palace and said it shall not fall till a maid bear a child Also the temple of peace fill down in Rome/ and/ jerom upon that word light is arise to the rightful saith that all the Sodomytes in all the world were destroyed ¶ Petrus While herodes arrayed for the children death he was sompned by amandemente of cesar for to come to Rome for to answer to the points that his own sons put upon him Alysander and Aristobolus For theridamas were three herodes of great name for her evil dedes·s take heed that the first was herodes Ascolemta/ And had that name of the cyte Ascalon for he fulbylte that cite. And in this herodes time Criste was born and the children were s●ayne ¶ The second hete herodes Antipas and was the first herodes son In his time johan baptist was byheded and Crist suffered death The thirdde hete herodes agrippa Aristobolus son/ Aristobolus was the first herodes sonne· ¶ This herodes Agrippa slow ¶ james and prysonned peter/ Therefore been versus made ¶ Ascalonita sleth children and Antipas I●han b●ptist· Agrippa slow james and prisonned peter/ The fryste herodes when he saw that his sons Alisandre and Aristobolus stroof the ●older with her father for the heritage of the kingdom by cause of their lettrure/ he had indignation thereof and fonded to put his elder son antipater afore them both while they treted of their father is death they were put away and went to cesar for to plain of the wrong that their father had do them The mean time the three kings come to jerusalem and come not again to herodes by the same wey●/ Herodes trowed that they had beguiled him & ●orn●d again ashamed/ therefore he withdrowe his will/ and slow not the children for to do 'em to death/ But f●r the citation of cesar/ he went to Rome and come by tharses And brent her ships for the kings come over see therinne/ Than after a year and somewhat more of days after the birth of c●●ste he come from Rome and was acorded with his sones·s And therefore he was the bolder/ And held the more sure the kingdom and slow all the children of bethlem about the age of crist that he wist was then xij month old unto two year old and with in that is to meaning from the children of two year old to the children of one night old ¶ Among the which one of his own children was slain that was peraventure take to nourishing But methodius saith that. that was done by gods own doom and his ordinance for he that had be refte so many men/ their children should be by refte of his own children all so/ For his sons Aristobolus and alysaundre were eft suspect For they had byhote meed to their. faders barbour· for to kytte her father's throat when he were ashavyng· and said that me should not trust in an old man/ that died his hoar lockis/ for ●e would seem the more yongly/ Therefore his father was wrath and slew both his own sons ¶ Also for he was a bout for to put his son herodes Antipa in the kingdom and favered and loved herodes Agrippa and his sister/ herodyas as father should His elder son Antipater that he had before hand ordained to the kingdom was wroth and fonded with venom 〈…〉 his father. but herodes was ware thereof and put him in prysonne Me saith that cesar heard thereof and sayd· Me were l●uer be herodes swine than his son/ for when he was proselytus 〈◊〉 s●ared swine and slew his own sons ¶ Trevira Take he●de that proselytus is he that torneth from one law to another and specially he that torneth to the law of jews from another/ as did herodes and so he was proselitus sometime ¶ then it followeth in the story/ when herodes was three score year old and ten he fell in a sickness of a strong fever/ and was tormented with ydching that sesed not with swelling of feet with worms that welled and sprang out of his pryvey harnoys with stench that might not be suffered with puffing and bloweing and great hastynge of breath with a grievous and strong cogh oft breaking of sore sykyngys' Than phisiciens bathed him in oil And he was born forth as though he were deed/ but for he used to pair an appel and eat it after all other meet. he took the knife & would have styked himself but one of. his cousins let him and rered a crye· by the which cry sprang tidings and noise of the kings death/ than Antipater in prysonne heard thereof/ & made great joy And by cause thereof he was anon slain Petrus 46 That year johan evangelist was born ¶ Herodes after the slaying of his sons had the d●oposye with worms welling out of the roting of his privy stones and died wrechidly the year of his kingdom seven and thyrtty ¶ He was most ungracious in homely things and happy in other things And for to make the jews make sorrow f●r his death whether they would or no he ●ad in his d●ynge slay all the noble men's children of jewry Eusebius libro primo capitulo septimo ¶ The genelogyes of the hebrews and reckoning of kindred of other nations were write in books in the preuiest libraries of the temple/ And herodes bad brenne all such books And hoped thereby to be held a noble man and gentle/ if he that was an alien and not gentleman were contained in none such books Nethel●s there were many men that had at hoome such books other such genologyes in mind/ and by them come to us r●dy reckoning of kindred ¶ Petrus 6● The first herodes son archelaus and herodes strive afore cesar for the heritage of the kyngdome· than cesar by counseyl of the senators took to Archelaus under the name of tetrarcha half the jewry and Idumea the other halfdele of the jewry he deled at twain & took galyle to herodes Antipa Ituria and dyacomtidis to his brother philip and so Archelaus was made dyarchus but never monarchus/ but by common speech and by his own boost Trevisa Dyarchus is he that hath twey deles owther the half deal of a kingdom & monarchus is he that hath the kingdom all hoole and tetrarcha is he that hath the fourth deal of a kingdom/ Than it followeth in the story/ that year crist come again out of egypte/ the child jesus was found in the temple sitting and apposing doctors Archelaus was oft accused of the jews and put out in vyan that is in the Royalme of ffraunce And in his stead for to a leg the outrage of the kingdom of jews were made four kings and were called trirarche/ that year cesar Augustus died in campania in the month of september when he had reigned six and fifty year and an half the year of his age three score and sixten And was slain by treason of his wyf linia/ owther by venom as some men would mean/ Netheles all the year seven & fifty is accounted to the kingdom of octavianus Augustus' ¶ Eutropius libro septimo   

¶ Capitulum tercium  
THis Augustus was so loved among strange nations/ that the scites and the Jews that knew not afore honde the name of the Romans sent him messengers and gifts And many kings build cities in worship of him and called the cities cesareas Also kings went out of her own lands clothed as lords of Rome And would run by his chaare· And atte last he hatid so were and stryf that he would never were against man without a rightful cause And he saith that it was the doing of a proud booster and of a light witted man for to break surte in stryf and disease of the people for covetise of worship and of laureal leves without any fruit ¶ Also he said that no were should be moved without cause and great profit jest great boost wonnen by little profit fair as a golden fisshoke/ the losing thereof may be quyt by no winning of taking of fish. he was also mild to the cytezeyns/ And true to his friends/ seld he would receive friendship/ and to hold friendship he was true and stydfast/ he was kunning in art and science And specially in fair speaking. he was so besye that no day should him escape/ that he would rede write or declare rightwysenesse ¶ Ysidorus libro primo He brought up first this lettir X Me written therefore/ C/ R/ S/ And he fond it up skylfully for the figure/ thereof is like the cross of crist that was born in his time ¶ Eutropius He echid the cyte of Rome with fair houses & had joy to say I fond a cyte of brand tile and I leave a cyte of marbel· He was fair in all his body but his eyen were fairest of all ¶ But so great and so fair a man was not all with out vices and synne· For he was angry and might not suffer wretheful and privily envious and openly disseyvable covetous of lordship and player at the dyces·s and though he were a great eter and drynker of wine yet he abstained him from sleep and used lechery/ so that name and fame was counted thereof among the common people ¶ For he was wont to lie between twelve such that would lightly assent to sin and between twelve maidens also and he died away his wyf Scribonia. and wedded one linia as it were by grant and assent of her husband His sons were tiberius and drusus and though he were a gret● lecherour/ yet he took great wrech of lechery/ Seneca· The Romans saw that this was so fair and would have made him a god/ but he forsook it and would not assent And axed thereof counseylle of sibilla tibur●ina and after the fasting of three days she answered him in this manner/ Token of doom earth shall wax wete by swote. out of heaven shall come the king that last shall ever ¶ And so forth of many versis that be not ●ere wreton  
Augustinus libro decimo octavo capitulo 24 ¶ The heed lettres of the versis speaketh this meaning/ jesus crist god's son saviour ¶ Marc ¶ Anon heaven opened and cesar saw a fair mad● stand upon an altar and hold a child in her arms and he heard this voice/ this is the altar of god's son And anon cesar fill down to the earth upon the floor of his chambre there was afterward bylte a church of our lady and is called in ara celi that is in the altar of heaven Gal tercio Tiberius told to Augustus that me spoke much of evil by him all day ¶ And he answered and said We take none indygnation though men speak evil of us/ It is enough to us that they may do us none harm Pol libro tercio capitulo 13 ¶ Antonius despised augustus's kin in the mother side and called him bakar by kind And Augustus louwgh and let the same Antonius be wedded to his suster·s ¶ Also ones for the shortenesse of his body one called him dwarf/ I must quoth he use wide hosens and shoes Marc in Satur ¶ Augustus passed by the weigh & one called him a tyrant/ And I were a tyrant said he/ thou wouldest not call me so/ It was said in Rome that no man should be do to dethe· nowther to p●yne as oft as Augustus entered in to the cyte ¶ Also sometime one come in Rome that was most like Augustus in all manner points and was brought before augustus/ and augustus aresoned him and said/ say me young man/ was thy mother ever in Rome/ nay quoth he· but my father was full oft ¶ The emperor was not wroth therefore but made him rich and sent him again Seneca de clemencia When Cinna's t●●son was know/ Cesar waked all that night than his wyf linia spoke to him in this manner. Take counsel of a woman and do by woman● counseill and do as physicians use to do· there common medicines that me use may not help/ they essay oft medicines that be contrary Cinna's treason is know now/ he may not grieve thee/ foryeve him/ than the trespass/ he may profit to thy loos and to thy fame ¶ C●sar was glad of the counsel and of this rede/ and bad bring Cynna afore him at morrow and spoke to him in this manner ¶ Cynna. the I the fond mine enemy in pavilions and tents and saved thy life I granted to the rents and richesses and made the homely with me/ Now eft I give thy life/ first to mine enemy·s And now to the traitor and mansleer· From this day forthward between us friendship shall bygynne/ Now strive we whether I have give the thy life by a better faith than thou owest me▪ other than thou owest me better faith than thy life is saved by/ Afterwards he made him consul and held him his trusty friend And atte last cesar was made his heir Marc in S●tur An old man that was in peril of doom came to Augustus and prayed him of help for to stand by hem and Augstus ordained him anon a noble advocate/ than the old man cried & seid O ●esar when thou were in peril in the battle of actia/ I sought no man to put in my stead but I myself fought for the & showed him the wounds that were seen in his body. than cesar was ashamed & come anon and pleted for him not only that he would not be held proud/ but also for he would not be held unkind ¶ Also cesar came from the victory of actia and one met him with a popeniay on his hand that he taught to say/ heyl cesar victor and emperor/ the emperor wondered and bought that miry bird for twenty thousand of pens/ Also a pie ● grette him in the same maner· and he wondered and bought him also ¶ And so died a stare and wondered and bought the stare/ than a pour souter fond to teach a chough to speak and say the same salutation And when he had spent wha● he had and the chough answered not/ he used for to say alas all is lost travail and c●ste· But at●e last the chough bygan to speak and said the same salutation & cesar passed by and heard it and said we have at home such salutations enough/ Alas quoth the chough as it fill in the mind all is lost travail and cost than cesar lough & bought the chough derrer than any of all the other Also a greke that was a great maker used to make noble dytees in preysing of cesar and written and gave 'em to cesar. And when he had oft do so without any meed Cesar made such enditing of praising and gave to the greke that had praised him/ the greek radde the dyte with semblant and with voys & proffered to give cesar money/ than all men lough and had good game And cesar bad his spenser give the greek a great deal of money ¶ Eutropius libro septimo· Atte last cesar deyde at nola in campania and all men cryede & said would god that he had never be born other that he never should die. the man was like god in battle was noman more gracious nowther more skylful in peace ¶ Pol libro sexto Augustus would say the same counsel is against the enemy/ that is against sickness for they been more overcome with hongre than with Iren Also he made his sons use them to run to lepe and to use of casting/ And he made his daughters use them to wool craft to spin on a distaff and to make breed for they should if them needed live by craft   

¶ Capitulum quartum  
Tiberius' was augustus's stepson. and wedded his daughter and bigan to regne in the month of september in the which month Augustus was deed and tiberius reigned three and twenty year and somewhat of days Eutropius This first governed the empire with great sobrenesse So that when some men counseylled him to take great tribute of provinces and lands He answered and said it falls for a good shepherd to shere his sheep and not for to swolewe them/ this was first wise and ready enough and gracious in Arms ¶ A man of great cunning of letture and of casting ever awaiting and aspyeing and what he nold/ he made it as though he would ¶ To them that he loved he made it as though he were wroth And to them that he hated he seemed goodly/ he would y●ue better answer and counseyl suddenly and without auisemente/ than with great advisement He sent● for some kings and made them come to him by flateryng● and sent them never again ¶ This was called Tiberius' nere· but mynstrals called him a fair name Tiberius' mero for he was oft wine drunk ¶ Also this by cause of some lettres that pilot sent him would have be worshipped as god all mighty/ But the Senators said nay/ and therefore he exiled many of the elder men and cheese him counseyllours and left uneath twain of them in good heel eer be were Emperor/ he was wise and ready in Arms ¶ But afterward he warrayed by messengers ¶ Pol libro te●cio capitulo quarto ¶ He was gre●●ly to blame in many of his deeds but against chyding he was s●ydfaste and said that men's tongues and hearts should be 〈◊〉 in the cyte ¶ Iosephu● This was stydfast in all his deeds. So that uneath that he would change procurators that he had made once in provinces and in lands ¶ Me axed why that he died soo· he answered and said that in that doing he spared the people for ever the lass time quoth he procurators have lordship over the people they been the more grievous And proved that by ensample of one that was wounded and set i● the son and would not do away the flies that sat on his wounds/ than come one of his friends and drove away the flies for he w●n●e that the seek man might not suffer for feeble ¶ Thou hast done evil quoth the s●ke man for the flies that thou hast drive away were full and therefore they eat well the lass/ But now comen hungry flies and will bite full sore/ So new officers greven worse the people that is under them/ Ysid li/ 6/ ca 16/ Me s●yth that in tiberius time a crafts man had fond up a craft of t●mpryng of glass to make the glass towy now to bend and wind and to reach out with strokes of hamers/ the emperor broke some of his glass/ and he amended it again and bend it and bowed it as it were tyn/ than themperour learned of this crafts man that there was none other man alive that so coude tempre glass And bad smite of the crafts man's heed/ for if that craft were known/ gold and other precious metal should be of no pries Ovidius naso the poet died in the ylond pontus besides the sarmat●s and the goths the fourth year of his exyling ¶ This made first a book of the craft of love and made the Romans wroth with him for he made yonglynges to love wives to moche Therefore he said in his boo● de ponto/ naso not wise enough techith sleyght● of love craft/ ill prise of loore. therefore than had the master/ Me saith that atte last ovidius say by the empryce & therefore he was exiled/ that year pilatus was made jug in the jewry of his birth & of his living. me readeth many wondres ffor a king that hete tirus gate a son on one pila a milwardes douht that hete atus & the son had a name made of the name of his mother pila & the name of his graūt●ir atus-& so he was called pylatus/ this pylat was sent to his father in his iiij year of age· his father had a son by her that was his rightful wife/ that which son & pilot were of one age. but this lawful son had maistrye of pilatus in every place▪ & stryf/ therefore pilatus was wroth & slay his own brother. therefore the king that was his father 〈◊〉 p●●atus to rome to lie there to plegge for tribute that he should evy year pay to the Romans/ also the same time the kings son of france lay in plegge at rome & pilatus slew him for he had oft 〈◊〉 in plays and in stryf▪ ¶ Therefore the Romans deemed that pylatus was profitable to the empire to hastyse froward men & stern and sent him in to the ylond of pontus to be jug to chastise men that were there/ that would with good will over them no jug receive nother suffer among them/ But that shrew pylatus chastised them with punysshing with menaces and with fair byhestes therefore he had a name of that ylond & was called poncius pilatus/ Herodes Antippas' had joy of his wykkednesse and sent messengers and gifts and drowe him to him and made him prince underr him in the jewry But pilatus at last gathered moche money and went to Rome unweting herodes for to receive the offyce of tiberius/ that he held of herodes And by cause thereof they were enemies herodes and pilatus to the time of Christ's passion when pilatus sent Jesus' clothed in white to herodes That time tiberius cesar that was the emperor had an hard sickness and herd tell that at jerusalem was a leche that healed seek men only with a wor●e There for tiberius scent one volucianus to herodes/ that he should send him that leche Pilatus had xiij days advisement to give his answer/ for Ihs was afore honde nailed to the cross The forseid volucianus took a queyntaunce and knowlech of a noble woman that heet veronica So that he brought her to Rome to the emperor with her linen cloth in the which cloth she had the print and the likeness of our lords face ¶ The emperor beheelde this cloth and was hool anon. when themperour wist that pylatus had dampened crist/ pylatus was take by amaundement of the emperor & brought to rome before themperour & had/ on him cristes own kyrtel that was without seems & was called tunica inconsutilis & pilatus was brought in this array afore themperour one's eft & the iij tyme. but no word might be said that him should grieve while he had on that clot/ but atte last by god's will & counsel of some Christen men that kyrtill was take of him & than he was put in prison and there· he slow himself with his own hand Of pylatus death look within in gayus last yere· Petrus/ That time were three sects of jews in the jewry severed & departed from the common living of other men ¶ The sects were Pharisees saduceyes and essays that heat Assideyes also the Pharisees wered & usid hard clothing & scarsite of meet & of drink. they determined moyses law by her ordinance & statutes. They bore scrowes in her forheede & in her left arms & called the scrowes philaterna In the scrowes were the teen commandments wrete in mind of the law Also they had large hems/ bound with thorns that pricked them as they w●nte in their weigh They withsaid never their sovereyns Also they hoped in a rising of bodies from death to live/ the saduceyes denied the arising of bodies from death to life & said that they noon angels were/ they trowed that the souls died with the bodyes·s They heelde only moyses five books And for they were to cruel and not compeynable among themself/ they called themself saduceyes that is rightful/ the esseyes lived well nigh in all points as men of religion and forsook wedlok. but it were fulselde· for they trowed that no woman was true to her husbond· her clothes were clean alway they had no certain cyte afore the son rising/ they spoke no thing that was unlawful they worshipped the son when he died arise/ they spoke not at their meet. they hated oaths as it were for swearing/ they took noman to their sect but by the essay of one year if they took any of her cyte with sin/ they put him away for to eat grass as beestes done in penance to his lives end/ though ten of them sat to geders none of them would speak a word without l●ue of the nine/ they would not spete in the myddel of the company● nother in the right side ¶ They held the saturday so holy that they would that day dress no meet nother tend fire nother set a vessel out of one place to another/ ¶ And also they would not cack in the saturday josephus libro secundo ¶ Other days they would dig the earth without thwytel/ and make 'em a pytt and let fall here clothes about them and he'll all about when they would cack for me should ween that they died wrong to the son beam and when they had cacked they would fill the pit again with the same earth that they had digged up of the same pit/ these lived longest of all men for they lived starsly and deed no surfeets of meet and of drink/ They trowed that all the souls were made atte beginning and put in bodies when it were time And some of them would tell what was to come for they forsook fleshly lykyn goe as it were an evil doing And despised riches ¶ Here land and what they had was common among them all/ ¶ They bargained not among them but· every had freely of other what him needed they wrought not of none oynementes/ They changed never hosen and shoes nother clothing but when they were y tore other spent/ they held hospytalyte/ they had one manner meet/ they prayed afore meet and after/ In her house was never heard cry nother noise None of them should not give without ordinance of the common spencis/ they held all their laws stronger than any other he that should be received to abide among them/ after his year of essay he should swear to keep faith to god/ rightwysenesse to men and obedience to princes And if it happened him sometime to be above and over other he should not mysuse his power and his might in damage and wrong of subgettes but he should chastise liars with all his might/ To here doom should come no lass than an honderd persons the doom of hem should stand stydfast and not be changed   

¶ Capitulum quintum  
FRom the fyften year of tiberius to the first year of Adam for to acoun●e bakwarde were five thousand years so seith eusebeus and so many years make lx▪ year of grace and so by his tale the sixteen year of tiberius was the beginning of the year of grace sixty and one/ But the seventy say that from Adam to the xv year of tiberius ●ere five thousand two honderd and twenty-five Bu● the hebrews tellen five thousand. therefore some men will mean that that year began the sixth thousand for than the circumcision seesid and cristendom bygan ¶ Other begin from thincarnation of crist Also that year johan began to preach and baptize and baptized crist the sixth day of janevere the day of the showing of our lord/ And that day twelve month he turned water in to win Petrus ¶ Therefore in old books that day is called the day of shewynges in the plurel number for that day fill many diverse shewynges and had diverse names for in the same day in diverse years were do three great shewinges the first hete epyphania and is a name made of epy that is a boove & phanos that is showing a●●t were a showing made from a boove as it were a ste●●● the second hete theophania/ & that name is made of theos that is god and phanos that is showing as it were showing made of god in baptizing of crist by a dowe· ¶ The thyrdde hete bethphania and that is made of bethes that is house and of phanos that is showing as it were a showing made in an house by turning of water in to wine ¶ R And some men mean that that day two year was the miracle do of the five loves and two fishes and heat fagephania that name is made of fagyn that is eat and phanoes that is showing/ for that miracle was do in feeding of men ¶ Also that second year as Luke and jerom saith Crist bygan the thyrtty year of age so saith the gospel jesus was beginning as it were thirty year Crisostimus marianus/ ¶ And common meaning of holy church. & Eusebius in historia ecclesiastica/ Meaneth that than crist bygan his one and thyrtty year hool and as moche as was from the nativity to the passion time/ than crist▪ the monday next after his baptym was lad in to wilderness by the spyryt/ and bygan his fasting and fasted forty days And ended his fasting in a frydaye the xv day of fevyre/ that day he overcam the devil that temptid him/ in the which day the devil had overcome and supplanted Adam the first man ¶ Than the next ester after as true loore telleth he drofe and chacid sellers and byers out of the temple/ In the same year after he called and cheese his disciples Andreu Petyr Philip Nathanael ¶ The next year after he turned water in to wine in a xij day And after that beda tellyth Crist and his disciples baptized in the jewery/ And the next ester after johan was enprysonned ¶ Also in a holy feeste crist healed in a saturday one that had the palsy eight and thyrtty year And after that in the same year he went up in the hill there he cheese the twelve Apostles and sent them for to preach And so it seemeth that three gospelers that tell the doing of crist/ after the prisoning of johan baptist leaveth untold almost the doing of one year afore the prisoning/ but johan the evangelist speaketh lass of other things & telleth the doing & deeds how ihus turned water in to wine nichodemus come to ihs by night & how ihs drofe out the sellers of the temple/ after that atte third ester john was biheded when he had be prysoned all a yere· at iiij Easter crist suffered death/ Petrus C/ 11. The xj book ecclesiast●●e history tellith that johan was byheded at macheronta a castle of Arabia/ His body was buried at sebasten that is Samaria His heed was buried at jerusalem bysides Herodes howse· for dread least he would arise from deth● to live if the heed were buried with the body  
misbelieved men divided his bones and threw them abroad in julianus Apostatas time for they had envy to the myraclis that he wrought/ And they gathered again the bones to gyders & and brent them and wynnewyd the asks away with the wind/ that doing some men now acounteth as it were the second martyrdom of the deed man/ they wist not what they died In the feest of his nativity while they gathered his bones to geders and brent them as farforth as they might ¶ And while misbelieved men gathered johans' bones men of jerusalem were meddled among them and took with them a greet deal of the bones among the which deal of the bones was the fyngre that johan showed crist with Afterwards saint tecla brought that fyngre unto Alpes ¶ Alpes been high hills in Lombardy side That finger is now in moris minister. as it is said but the bones were sent to Athanasius bishop of Alysaundre In marcianus the princes time johan warned two monkies of his heed and told where it say ¶ The monks were of the lands and were come to jerusalem for to bid and pray Nevertheless the heed was long lost by unkunning and was laid in a den in fenician till that johan eft told where his heed say to marc●llus the Abbot that dwelled in the same den/ & than afterward the feest of the biheding bygan to be held in the same cite the same day that the heed was founden & take up of the earth Other tellith that it is not the feest of the decollation of byheding but of the collection of the gadring of the bones that was rather do and of the brenning then theodosius the emperor brought the heed to constantinople And thence it was brought in to ffraunce and is oft showed to pylgryms at Amiens   

¶ Capitulum sextum  
CRiste suffered death seven days afore apryl/ cassyodorus seyth· that day was a greet Eclipse of the son/ So that none such was afore hond nowther after/ so that the ste●●es were seen in heaven & earth schaking In Bythinya were throw● down many cities/ R/ Also the stones were clove/ therefore it seemeth that veins & clyftes that now been seen in quareiss & in roches and in rokkes come of that earth shaking. for before that time onests were hoole without clyftes joseph That year in the white soneday preestes in the temphe had styrynges & noise of places ¶ then they heard a voys break out suddenly fast by the temple that said pass we out of these seges ¶ Also that year about pentecost that is whitesonetyde the apostles ordained the lass james Alpheus' son bishop of jerusalem/ he song first mass among them & reuled the bisshoprych at jerusalem thyrtty year/ there were ordained seven dekens/ Steven/ philip Procorus Nychamor Timor permenas and nycholas· Nycholas● stood not as he should but he made his wyf common to all that would have her ¶ Eusebius in historia ecclesiastica libro tercio This nycholas had a fair wyf and was blamed of the apostles as though he were jealous and he brought forth his wyf & if any man would lie by her he would suffer it In simpel and innocent doing though some followed diverse lechery/ yet nycholas died yet in despising of the vyse of jealousy and not by will to teach men to desire fleshly liking and namely for his sons and daughters lived chaste to her lives end and also ●e himself took none other wyf after his first wife R ¶ Of this james take heed that he had four surnames and so be is named jacobus Alphay for he was Alpheus son ●ur lords brother for he was most like to our lord in holiness and in face So that many men were bygyled in the likeness of them two And therefore judas gaf the jews a sign of a cusse lest they were deceived in taking of crist ¶ Also he is called the lass james for the other was Zebedeus son/ though he were younger than he for he was rather called of crist And is called the more james and that manner is used in the church of Rome and in many relygyons So that he that cometh first is called the more And he is called rightful for the worthiness of passing holiness This was always holy and clean maid from the time that he was first born/ he drank never wine nother cider nother tasted flesh iron come never on his heed/ ●e used never oil neither baths. for great kneeling his knees were as the soles of his feet/ he all one had leave to entre in to the holiest place of the temple/ first of all he song a mass/ In the good friday when criste▪ died he made his avow that he would never eat ere Criste were arise The people fonded well fast to touch the ●emme of his clothes ¶ That year between the ascension that is holy thursdaye and whytesonedaye Mathias was chosen and made apostle in stead of judas the traitor Of hem· it is wreton in a story/ though the author thereof be unknown A man wa● in jerusalem that heat ruben as jerom saith of the lineage of Isacar his wyf ●ete ciborea·s In a night when they had paid debt of wedlok either to other. the woman dreamed that she had ybore an ill son that should he traitor of his own people The child was born and called judas and the father and the mother were a grysed for to sle the child other for to nourish him up/ that should destroy his own people/ therefore they put him in a little cryb shape as a boat and died him in to the see and so he come in to an Ilond that hete scariot/ there the queen of the Ilond had no children and fond the cryb and the child and feigned herself with child and say and feigned that she had childe· But long after the queen conceived and go with child by the king When the child was born and come to age· judas grieved him full oft and made him weep full oft but all for nought/ for it was not worth the while/ Atte last it come out that ● judas uva snot the kings son ¶ And than he slow privily the kings son and d●ad the pain and fled to jerusalem with men that were trybutarye and put them to pilatus court that was than justyser ¶ And for things that be like accord to geders judas had son great favour of pylatus ¶ In a day pylatus looked out of his palace in to rubens Orchard that soothly was judas father Andrea Pylatus had liking to the Apples·s therefore he sent judas to gader him of the Apples/ than ruben come and met him and after the stryf and strokes judas up with a stone and smote ruben on the heed and slow his own father But judas fled privily away after that evil deed And there for men trowed that ruben was suddenly deed ¶ Than Pilatus gave to judas all Rubens catel and he gave cyborea to be judas wyf Than in a day ciborea made great moan before judas of her wretched and sorrowful life/ how she had put her young son in to the see streams How she lost her husband suddenly/ & how she was married against her will And so it was known that judas had slain his own father and wed his own mother/ therefore by counseyl of ciborea judas followed crist/ that his trespass were forgive/ And so judas was criste pro●oure and his disciple ¶ Also that year after the election of mathias and after the sending of the holy ghost ere the Apostles would go about in to diverse lands/ they come to jerusalem to geders/ & made the creed and steven was stoned to death six days a ●ore janyvere / That year peter the apostle jones son of the province of galylee of the street bethsayda Andrews brother bygan to hold the bisshopes see in the eeste lands and was bishop there four year and song masses and said the pater noster ¶ jeronimus de viris illustribus When peter come to antyochia & was bishop there seven yere· than he come to Rome/ and was there five and twenty year and seven months/ paul was converted And was with the disciples at damask unto after that he had received crystendom of Ananias and thence he went to Arabia. & thence again in to· damaske· and made three years that holy write called many days there he was let down over the wall in a cup and come in to jerusalem for to see peter and was with him fifteen days and called with him of the gospel ¶ Afterwards he come in to the countries of Suria and of cicilia and of Assia and was there ●ourten year/ And when the xiv year was done he come to the Apostles in to jerusalem/ than when he had appeled he come to the emperor in to Rome. there without the cyte he hured a common bern and taught therinne the words of lyf· Among the which Seneca that was neroes Master visited paul not only mowth with mouth/ but also with lettres and pistles Persius the poet was born Tiberius' cesar deyde poisoned with venom the year of his age three score and eyghten as it were the first day of october ¶ Petrus capitulo sexto Tiberius knew that he should die and called to him his nevews afore other noble men/ Gayus his own broders son and tiberius that he loved mooste the son of his own son drusus and ordained that he would a morwe ordain him a successoure and prayed first to her god's/ And he ordained by himself to put afore his own nephews He that come first to him a morrow and warned Tiberius privily that he should come first in all manner wise/ But he was reckless a morrow and would not come till he had eat And gayus come first and had the empyre· kymbelinus' king of Brytons died and left after him twey sons Guyderius and Arviragus but guiderius had the kingdom/ And warned tribute/ and so he made the Romayns arise against him   

¶ Sequitar Capitulum septimum  
GAyus Tiberius nephew of his brother germayn was called galygula for he was born in the hooste· He had the name of a knights leg harneysed that heat galygula ¶ This was Emperor after Tiberius and reigned as it were four year and nine months and was an idle disposed man And cleansed all the shame of Tiberius/ And made men call him god of heaven & of earth/ therefore he made his image set in the temple of jerusalem. he lay by his own sisters and gate a daughter on that one And say by that daughter afterward ¶ And atte last he exiled his sustres that he had say by ¶ This the first year of his Empire delivered herodes Agrippa out of prysonne and made ●im king of the jewry Tiberius had prisoned herodes agrippa· the second year of his kingdom he exiled herodes Antippa● And herodyas that had lived in spouse breach with herodes antipa and herodes agrippa accused them ¶ The earth swallowed the wench that tumbled But gayus the third year of his empire exiled Pilatus justice of the jewry and sent him in to v●en that is in the royalme of france in despite of his king for he was born there The jews accused pylatus that he slow men guiltless & that he had set images of men of strange nations in the temple against the will of jews ¶ Also that he had take money of the holy tresory and made a water condyte to his own house ¶ Also that he had take the stolen of prysthode in to his own house and would not deliver it but for huyre to the prince of preestes in the holy days/ Than be was put in prison and borrowed a knife for to pair an Appel and slew himself there with and with his own hand/ and was bound to a great stone and thrown in to tiber/ than ill spirits made joy with him that ill was also and made pestilence and great rising of water and great thundering about that place ¶ Therefore the romans drowe him out of tiber & threw him in to rone at vien· that place was though granted the please of corsinge And also it hete vigenia as it were via that is a way & of jehenne that is the valley of children of depnesse ¶ But there fill a pestilence also and the men of the place buried him at bosane/ And there also men of the countraye were effrayed and died that body in a pit that is byclipped all about with hills There is yet hard grisly bear and noise ¶ In historia ecclesiastica it is red that the juwes accused pilatus to tiberyus and that pilatus was boar to lugduns in france ¶ R And that either story may be savede without with saying for to understand that he was born in to lugduns after the accusation of the jews and that after volusianus was come again from jerusalem/ he called him out of the exyling for to have harder damnation ¶ Eusebius and beda withness●th that Pilatus slew himself with his own hand   

¶ Capitulum octawm  
Claudius' the ●ame of gayus and of drusus when Gayus was slain was made emperor by sleyhte and help of Herod Agrippa and bygan to regne in lammesse month and reigned as it were fyften year The deeds of this be s●lde in mind but that he made the Bryto●s subget for he gave him always to meet and drink and lechery out of measure And cast him to make a law to excuse all that behind let go a blast/ for sometime he spared it to much and fell in great peril ¶ josephus libro visesimo This claudius had three wives/ the first hete pet●na & he gate on her a daughter that hete Antompde/ petina died and he wedded messalina/ ¶ And gate on her a son that hete britannicus and a daughter that heet octavia/ his/ third wyf hete Agrippa germanicus daughter and she had a son that heat nero Claudius wedded his daughter octavia to this nero and for love that Claudius had to this Agrippina/ he slew hi● wife messalina and when she was slain claudius in triclinio sitting at meet used for to speak as though he were out of mind & axed why his lady messelina would not come ¶ Agrippina dread lest B●tannicus the son of messalina should regne after his father And therefore she poisoned claudius for her son nero should be Emperour· And nero quyt his mother that triacle when he was Emperour· For he poisoned brytannicus and slew his mother & his own wyf octavia R Of the foresay messalina speaketh iwenalis satiricus and saith that ●he was so lecherous that first she died her privily to the prive harlattes place &/ afterward she put her forth openly & went thence not fulfylde of the manner doing but weary of travail & also she exyted noble wives to the same manner of doing Beda libro primo capitulo quarto That year was the great hunger in 〈◊〉 that Agabus the prophet had prophesied in Actibus Apostolorum ¶ Petrus 81 While this hongre was strong in every place of Syria and in the jewry most/ Helen the queen of adyabenes come to jerusalem and bought corn all about for to sustain needy cristen men at jerusalem/ and atte las● she made two unryels and heat bury therinne her body and her sons body the buryels been yet seen/ therefore many been deceived and trowith that there is the buryels of helen/ constantyns moder· for men rede of her that she come to jerusalem and hight the cyte in many things Also that year poll come to jerusalem to talk with peter of the gospel. ¶ Also that year the fifteen day of juyll the Apostles were departed in to all the world about ¶ Than peter come to rome & scent marcial to lymonica & appollinaris to raven and marcus in to egypte This marcus of levies kind was Peter's son by baptym and his disciple and come to Rome with peter There atte prayer of cristen men he written the gospel that peter allowed and approved and took it to be rudde in churches ¶ then marcus was sent in to Aquileya there he converted moche folk Atte last he was sent to Alexandria in Egypte and there he was do to death/ than about the year of our lord iiij C three score & seven he was translated & brought from alexandria in to venies/ this kit of his thumb sometime lest he should be made priest other bishop but God's ordinance had the mastery and authority of peter that made him bishop of Allexandria Beda libro primo capitulo quinto ¶ King guiderius reigned among the brytons and warned the romayns tribute/ therefore claudius cesar come and conquered brytayne as it were without battle and great noise of grutching was arered in brytayn as it seemeth for her men that fled were not restored again He come in to an Ilond there julius cesar durst never come nother other man after him Also the ylondes orchades that been beyond brytayn in the see of ocean/ he made subget to the empire of Rome and turned again to Rome the sixth month after that he went out and gave his son that name brytannicus Lelius hamo a leder of claudius slew king guyderius at porchestre And this hamo deyde afore hamoes haven that was so called by his name that is now hampton Than claudius after diverse haps of battle took Arviragus guiderius brother to his grace and brought his daughter genuyssa from Rome and married her to king Arviragus And for he would make the place of the marriage solemn he called it claudyocestria by his own name ¶ R Claudyocestra hete caertleon in brytyssh speech that is claudius cyte/ But after that it was called glocestre and glovernia also And had that name of the duke of demecia that hete glora Me saith that claudius cesar gate him there at gloucestre Than claudius sent legyons of knights in to Irlond· But he turned again to Rome and arviragus withdrowe him and would not be under the Romans ¶ Therefore vaspasianus a duke of Rome was sent and made the king of the kingdom and the isle of wyghte that is next to brytayn in the south side subget to th'empire of Rome Herodes Agrippa when he had grieved some of the holy chirche· he come in to cesarea for to make pleyes in worship of cesar And there to let himself be called god/ therefore an Angel smote him and his body swal and he said to his friends/ Lo I that was called god/ now I am right fully bound with bonds of death and so he died Peter ca 60 This herodes Agrippa was Aristobolus son/ Aristobolus was the son of the great herodes ascolonita & his sister was herodias her oldest eme herodes Antipas the foresaid Aristobolus brother This herodes agrippa was a man of great heart a great warrior and fire of gifts but he was pour ¶ He come to Rome while Tiberius' cesar livede for to geete another tetrarchia that is an other fourth deal/ of the kingdom of jews and had great friendship of drusus tiberius Caesar'S son and obleged himself for moche debt for to win the will of the Romayns ¶ But drusus was hastily deed and therefore tiberius cesar was sorry that he died all drusus servants out of his presence lest drusus death come to his mind by sight of his servants ¶ Therefore hi● happed that herodes Agrippa went again to the jewry/ as it were a man without comfort and for shame and for need and for meschyef he closed himself in a tour that he might die for hongre but at prayer of his sister herodyas he was relieved by herodes Antippa But herodes antippa reproved him in a time for the good that he had do him/ and herodes agrippa had indignation thereof and went to tiberius cesar and gate grace of him atte last and leefte with gayus Germanicus son/ In a time he sat with gayus in his chaar and wyssched that tiberius the oldman and unnesy were deed that gayus might be emperor The charyoter heard that and warned the emperor And therefore Agrippa was prysoned six months unto the death of tiberius cesar. While this Agrippa was in prisonne one of his prysonners that was kunning in dyvyning warned hym· that he should be son delivered out of prysonne and be a king so that his friends should have envy to his wealth. this dyvynour divined so while he saw an owl sit upon the tree that Agrippa lened to And said that as son as he saw eft such a manner bird sit above him he should die the fifth day after/ ¶ When tiberius was deed gayus delivered Agrippa and gave him two tetrarchyes of philip and of lisania and crowned and called him king/ ¶ Therefore his sister herodyas was wroth & had great indignation for her husband herodes Antippas' that was retrarcha had not gete him the name of king and she excited her husband herodes Antippa that he should go to gayus & beye the name of a king but gayus was warned afore honde by lettres of Agrippa and put herodes to lugduns in france And for herodyas was Agrippaes' sister/ she had choes where she would go again other follow her husband/ And she cheese to be exiled with her husband and said that she would not leave her husband in his meschyef that she had followed in his bonechefe And so the third tetrarchia was take from herodes Antippa and give to herodes agripp● ¶ Atte last gayus was slain when there was stryf between the senators and knights & the people of Rome· For the senators dread the cruelty of the emperor and the disavauntage of the comynte. And the people dread the covetise of the consuls/ than by sleight of Agrippa claudius was made emperor and anon he gave herodes agrippa the fourth tetrarchia that is judea ¶ And so herodes agrippa was made great and went again in to jewry ¶ And afterward there he slow james and prysonned peter Than he made plays at cesarea as it is said afore hand and swal and was eat with worms and deyde/ And left after him two other lygnages and an half beyond flume jordan his son herodes agrippa was not called herodes but only agrippa ¶ To him cristen men fled afterward out of jewry when the cyte should be take and destroyed/ saint marry our lords mother died the yrre of her age three score and three for in the birth of her son she was fourteen year old and leued with her son three and thyrtty year Afterwards sixteen year as some men will mean and so she was take hens when she was sixty winter old and more/ for men say that the apostles preached after crist in the jewry and in the countries about full twelve year. ¶ Philip the apostle was nailed to the cross in the cyte Iherapolis the year of his age three score and eyghten· Lasarus the first bishop of cipris deyde in his second death and had four and twenty year between his two dethiss Felix procurator of the jewry was sent by claudius afore this felix/ Paul was accused and appeled for his offence to the emperor/ that time were many false prophets Egesippus libro secundo Also that time were many shrewd sword men in jerusalem and were meddled among the people and slew many men so subtilely & so privily that no man could them aspye/ so the dread of them that lived was more grievous/ than the meschief of them that were deed ¶ Therefore many men went in to wilderness for to have refute and succour ¶ Claudius' died at Rome in his own palis. the year of his age three score and four as it were in the month of march for his wife Agrippina slew him with venom for to put of his son brytannicus and to make her own son Nero emperor   

¶ Capitulum 9  
NEro the son of domicius and of Agrippina gayus sister had wedded claudius daughter and bygan to regne and reigned almost fourten year/ this was most curious and crafty to work with justrumentes of music. so that he had joy & liking to be openly called prince of harpers Also he had great liking in the sweetness of his voys that abstained him and spared all manere meet and drink that was not good for the voys and not only he died that but also he used oft c●isteryes and vomytes when Nero bigan to sing/ no man was so hardy to go out of the theatre oer he had made end of his song And he was all ruled and lad by leading and counsel of mynstrals/ And for he was most covetous of all emperors/ he used so to say/ he that is above all hath need to all but yet it grieved him not to give mynstrals all that he had And he gave them all the worships ●f the cite of Rome Suetoniu● He wered no clot twice. he used shosoles of silver/ he fysshed with nettis of gold/ the nettis were draw with ropis of reed silk Also for this be would see the likeness of troy when it was set a fire he set a great deal of Rome a fire that brent seven nights and seven days/ And he began to cry and sing the gests of troy Orocius ¶ Also he was so lecherous that he would be wysshe with hot oynementes and cold ¶ Also he wedded a man for to be his wyf and he bycame another man's wife Also he let kerue his own moders womb for he would see the place that he was conceived in Martinus Phisiciens blamed him for he had defowled his own mother ¶ And he answered and said/ but you make me go with child you shall be deed everichone than they made him swell with drinks and made him unwitting drink a frog ¶ And atte last after much woe and sorrow/ he delivered him and cast up a frog/ ¶ But the physicians said that the child was born afore his time/ And therefore it was so unthryvyngly and so evil schape. But nero made this frog be kept in a tower to his own lives end ¶ Therefore some men weenen that lateran hath that name of the frog that loted there for later a latyn is lotye & be hid other unknown in englysshe and rana in latyn A frog in englysshe ¶ Also nero made him an heaven of an honderd foot high and bored and thyrlyd with many small hooles/ and it was born up with four score pylers and ten of marbel stone he leete fall water thereupon/ that dropped down as it were rain that falls from heaven He made also a lamp brenning be drawn in to that heaven by day that go a down westward as it were the son ¶ And he made a mirror set with precious stones that shone by night as it were the moan ¶ But all these were by god's ordinance so suddenly destroyed so to rusched and to broken that thereof was never gobet found nother cromme ¶ Also he made a car with iiij whelis be draw upon that heaven so that noise was herd as it were the noise of a great thunder but god almighty scent a great wind that threw the cart in to the river ¶ Eutropius Nero slew many noble men and linia octavians wife his own mother Agrippina and his father sister and his wyf And Seneca the philosopher of cordij been Lucanus came was neroes master/ & axed covenable reward for that he had be neroes master/ & he had choice in which bow of a tree he would be an hanged Seneca axed why ●e had deserved that manner death ¶ Than Nero made one to scarmuch about seneca's heed with a bright sword and saw that he was wonder sore afeard And said as sore as thou art afeard of this sword As sore I am afeard of the And yet I am as sore afeard of the as I was sometime while I was a child And therefore while thou art thou alive I may not be without dread but ever in great drede· therefore Seneca cheese what man death he would take & cheese to be late blood in a bath & to die in that man/ & as it were by a forbedinge he had that name seneca/ for seneca a latyn is he that sleeth himself in englyssh/ this seneca had two brethren one of them hete julius gallo & was the best declamator of all/ he slow himself with his own hand/ the other brother hete mela lucanus the poetes father also this lucanus when he had made his book of the harm & damage of strif & discord between cyteseins & thereby he brought nero to accord & mildness yet by heest of nero he was slain in bleeding by kitting of his veins as it is sayd· Pol/ li. 8· Some been bold & hardy to despise this seneca & for to ground him upon the authority of quintilianus but me seemeth that they doubt for he was worthy to be homely with poul & jerom reckoneth him among holy seintes this seneca had noble wit to learn & to teach & had great studiing & great knowlech of things & well nigh all mat of study of wit & of science he had & written reasons of poetry & nigh all manner philosophy & in evy doing he was good & true keeper of virtues & enemy of vices & of synnes·s so that it seemed that he made worlds of gold & god's accord with mankind/ also he made books de beneficijs de clemencia declamacomes tragedias de nanlibꝰ qnstionibꝰ & de tusculanis/ de casibus fortuitis. jeroꝰ de viris illustribus/ paul appeled to themperour & was sent bound to rome & their ●e was. ij· year in freward & disputed against the jews & was afterward let go fire. peter that year ordained at rome/ ij/ bishops that were ●elpers to tech the faith of holy church/ linus was one & cletus that other for to fulfil thoffice of priesthood to the people that come & not thoffice of bishops Peter himself was occupied in beads & in preaching/ Martinus/ of this cletus it is written that he written first in his lettres slin & apli came benedconnen that is greeting & the apostles blessing this praised much pilgrimage do to holy seintes & specially to the apostles peter & paul & seid that one's visiting of apostles was most help●i to a man's soul than ij/ years fasting/ Also that year lucas was with paul in the cite of rome & written the book that hete actus apostolorum/ but he had writ the gospel afore· about that year died longius the knight that opened Criste with a spear And took his syhte by the blood that ran upon the spear out of Crytes side/ ¶ And so be trowed in Cryste and was taught of the Apostles and went in to cesarea in capadocia and lived ● holy life xxviij year & turned many men to the faith of holy church and died martyr at last percius satiricus & poet died/ R/ There were more poetes than satirices. poeta hath that name of feigning & such one was virgyl specially in his encidis & our dius satiricus is said of saturitas that is fullness of the mat other of the reprevingis that they spoke against ill men & evil living for they spoke thereof atte full/ & there were iij/ such ꝑsius. oracius & iwenalis/ Isid li 8 ca/ 7/ The office of a poet is for to tell thyngis that been sooth in deed by other likeness & changing with florysshing & fair manner of speaking. therefore it is that as poetes isye that temples were fairer than other houses & Maumettes heyer than other bodies so they trowid that gods should be worshipped with the fair & noble speaking/ therefore some poetes been called divines for they made their dites of gods/ R/ Thereby it seemeth that lucanus was no poet when he made iij stories of the stryf of cyteseins· but if it were by the manner of meddling of poises/ The alas james bishop of Ierlm was slain seven days afore april in the estern time thirty year after the passion of our lord· first the jews they stoned james for anger that they might not sle paul & afterward they smite out his brain with a walkers staff/ R/ Eusebius in historia eccāstica●li/1/ ca/ 1. saith that james was the son of joseph our lady spouse gete on his other wife & therefore he was called our lords brother/ But jerom meaneth more soothly that he was the son of the other mari our lady's sister & his father hete alpheus/ Mark the gospeler paul's disciple & his mever died at alexandria in egypt. his gospel was wreten at rome & peter appued it & allowed it & took it for to be rad in churches/ Linus the bishop suffered death at rome seven days afore december/ after him cletus was his successor xij· year that peter went to rome to withstand & put of simon magus that come of the samaritanes/ peter had over come him afore at caesarea & chased him out of the iewry· simon magus gadded the people to gider at rome & seid that peter & paul men of galyle had grieved him sore/ & therefore he would forsake room that he had defended long time/ & than he set a day when he would sty up in to heaven/ & when that day was come he turned to & kydde all the might of his witchecraft-than they that were in his side seid that crist did never such a deed/ but at prayer of peter he ● fill doum of his flight & was all to broken & bruised/ nero was 〈◊〉 he had ●●st such an helper & put peter in ward/ & peter knew that his ●nde day was nigh and made clement bishop in his stede· Also ●t instance of brethren he would find to escape neroes tyranny & met crist in the gate of the cite & seid lord whether ghost thou/ I go seid crist to rome to be nailed to the cross agein·s than ●eter understood that it was said of his own passion & turned again in to the cite and was taken of the wardeyns & hanged on the cross & his heed dounward/ his disciple marcellus abode no man's sentence nother leave but took peter down of the cross with his own hands & buried him in a place that hete vaticanus/ after the twenty-five. year of his bissopriche of Rome In neroes last year nero did peter in the cross & made paul to be slain with a sword all in one day and sent the duke vaspasianus in to the jewry to make the jews subgette that would not suffer the covetyfe of florus that was justice/ Eutropius/ When he heard that galba in spain was made emperor than he lost all comfort and for harms that he had done and bythought the comynte. the Senators deemed him for an enemy and fled four mile from the cyte and slow himself in a subarbe of his bond man that he had made free/ the year of his own age two and thyrtty That year all the main of Augustus' cesar were consumpte when peter had suffered death/ than clement come after him/ Clement had governed holy church nine year under peter while he was alive/ He was bishop xxij year xij year with linus and cletus & after that ix year by himself aloon for though he was exyled· this Clement as a wiseman & war for to be ware of meschyef that might fall afterward if every other would make him a successor by that ensample of peter/ & so holy dignity might fall in possession as it were by heritage/ therefore he resigned his dignity to linus & afterward to cletus· Also this clement written many looks of cristen law & made linus & cletus bishops afore hym· & this clement was the first by election after peter & the third in degree of order for linus & cletus were. between peter & him/ his body was throw in to the s●e cerson & after many years one Cirillus apostle of the slaves fond it & brought it to rome in the first nycholas time. Gaufr/ About that time marius the son of arviragus reigned in britain in his time one rodicus king of picts come out of sicia & occupied the north party of britain that party hete albania & now it hete scotland/ But at last marius slough rodicus And in mind of that victory king marius rered a stone in that place the which countray is called by his name westmaria that is westmerlonde/ yet it is wreton in a stone marij victory R Here wyllelmus of malmesbury was deceived that troweth this stone was reerde in mind of marius the co●sul of Rome But it is no wonder he had not radde the Bryttysshe book there it is wreten of marius the king ¶ afterward marius the king granted to Rodycus men that were overcome the land of catenesy that is in the last ends of Scotland for to dwell ther● in/ As it is said in the last chapter of the first book   

¶ Capitulum 10  
GAlba Servius reigned after Nero seven months choose of spaynerdies and Galls the year of his age three score and thyrten & had be a senator of old nobley/ his privy life was full noble and had oft be consul and oft proconsul and oft duke and leder of great bataylles and hard He made one pysonne a noble young man his son adoptiws & his heir/ but by a wait of one otho they were both deed in the myddel of the cheaping place ¶ Otho lucius reigned three months when he heard that there was an Emperor made in gallia by relygyons of germania he arrayed batayls that been called bella civilia and had the victory in three the first bataylles and the fourth battle/ When he saw his men over set●● and fall to ground. ●e said that he was not so worthy that cyvyle battle should for him arise & so he slay himself Vytellus reigned after otho as it were seven months and was strong and noble/ but he was so great a glutton that he eat somday thries some day four sithiss & somday five sithiss/ ¶ At one soper were set afore him two thousand fishes and seven thousand fowls so it is write ¶ This dread that vaspasianus should regne and slew his brother sabynus & than for d●ede he hide him and closed him in a cell ¶ And dukes that were with vaspasianus drowe him out and so he was openly and naked draw through the cyte and heelde up his heed on high and a sharp sword was set under his chin. And all men threw on him dirt & dust and so he was throw in to tiber Vaspasianus reigned as it were eight year/ And was coveytoꝰ of money but he took it not wrongfully ¶ He would forget wrongs & lightly take chydinges of men of law & of philosophres This was sometime sent by nero in to the jewry for to chaste the jews and herd of nero's death and left there his son Titus and went again to Rome. He fought two and thyrtty times manly against his enemies in germania and else where/ ¶ Pol libro tercio capitulo 14 One buculus an old man cried in despy●● of vaspasianus and said. the fox may change. his skin but not his will/ for vaspasianus covetise was never the lass ffor the passing of his age Me says that he answered in this manner. To such men we own lawghing to our silf correction and pain to evil doers● Also this more for the plain chastysing of the people and nations of lands that he had won/ he made provinces of these kingdoms Archaia licia Rhodus Samus tracia and silicia and ordained stywardes to govern these lands that were rather under kings that were friends and subgettis to the Romans ¶ R Here laketh ten year by the common cronykkes between the passion of our lord and vaspasianus time as it is said afore in the prologue ¶ Jerusalem was take by titus The temple was brent and throw adown even with the ground ¶ josephus libro septimo ¶ The same month and day that it was first brent by the calendres that was the eighteen day of September the year after that Solomon build it first eleven honderd and thyrtty After the second building that was in aggeus' time seven honderd year and nyneand thyrtty/ ¶ But martinus and other tellen that it was taken in the estern time ¶ Egesippus ¶ In this brenning and destruction eleven times an honderd thousand jews were slain with sword and with hunger/ ¶ An honderd thousand were take prisoners and sold all way thyrtty for a penny and nine honderd thousand fled and were to shift & departed  
¶ jeronimus ¶ That time was so moche folk at jerusalem for in the estern time they come to the temple out of all the jeury ¶ josephus libro septimo It is no wonder that so greet people of jews was deed and take for nero sometime would weet the tale and the number of jews that were at jerusalem/ for he despised that temple with all his myghte· & cestius the styward as he had learned of bisshopes written to nero that there were found at jerusalem in one holy day twenty C/ M. and seven honderde thousand without them that were pollute and persons with wemmes that had no leave for to offir  
¶ The Bisshopes accounted this number by the number of hosts that were offered/ the which number was two honderd thousand and six and fifty thousand and five honderd And every ten persons offered one host In this fighting the Romans had kunning and strength ¶ The Jews had wodenesse and folly ¶ For the time was dry and Vaspasianus went to the Cyte jotapaten· and stopped all the water conduytes ¶ But josephus was withynne and found up a cunning craft and hinge wet clothes upon the toun walls ¶ And for the clothes dropped they that were without wend and trowed that they that were with in had no lack of water for to drink while they had plente of water to wash their clothes ¶ Than vaspasianus distourbed the wall with a stroke of an engine/ but josephus heng sakkis full of straw against the strokes of the engine and so the strokes were let & the walls saved/ For hard things been better withstand with nesche things than with hard but the Romans bound hokes to long poles & kytte the ropis of the sackis/ but josephus threw out brenning oil upon them and smote of all their engines & vaspasianus would amend 'em & was sore wounded in the heel· After that there fell so great strength of casting & of shoot of titus side that the noll. of one josephus felaws was smite of with a stone & flew over the third furlong. also a woman that was with child was smite so that the child was smite out of her womb and flew over half a furlong/ when titus had broken the second wall josephus was founden hide among osers & had hide him three dayes·s than they that found him despised him in this manner/ whereto wilt thou live while it is not covenable nother leeful neither seemly/ thy life shall be made of perysching & of lost other it shall be pain of servage & of bondage/ have mind of moyses/ him was liefer be scraped out of the book of life than live longer than the people  
Also david was liefer take in se ipso wretch than live and see the people perish/ Who desired naught quoth josephus/ If it were lawful to be delivered and unbound of so great woe and sorrow but he that bond hath leave to unbind and none other If any other unbyndeth he doth the lord wrong ¶ Than as our lords true servants keep we what he hath bytake us while it is his will ¶ then he is unkind that will rather be a go other longer abide than he will to whoome he is bound ¶ So it was sooth of Abraham of jacob of Moses'/ of David that prayed to be delivered of prysonne often his life/ but none slow himself of all holy saints ¶ Than if it is good to live it is sacrylege to forsake it unrighlfully If it is glorious to die in battle I withsey it not/ And if it be good to fight for the countray for the people and for the cyteseyns and die in battle I put forth my heed to be smite of if the enemy axeth by law of the battle/ Nother I flatter with myself if it is to sparing/ be he my borrow. I had liefer die by here theft than by mine own/ if you say that it is sweet to die for freedom I with say it not but is sweet to day for ●●●dome He is feerful that will not die when it nedith It is a woman's stalworthnesse for any to slay himself ¶ Beestes con not do so for they defend themself against other beestes with tethe and with claws but among themself they use c●sses & likking and stroking God hath take us our life to keep But whether we do we been to blame. if we throw it away without his axing that gave it us/ owther if we warn for to take it at his axing/ when these words were said josephus saw one of them that stood by and strove faster than other Than josephus said cast we lot who shall die first and last and so forth of us all/ so he that shall die first shall be slain of him that shall die next. and so every one after other/ the condition pleased them all and it happened that they were deed all save josephus and one other·s ¶ Than Io sephus counceyled his fellow to forsake his lot/ And thereby he scaped e peril at home and so he was brought to vaspasianus ¶ josephus libro 6 at last vaspasianus was called to be Emperor and his son titus was left at the siege of jerusalem. And went in a day with six honderde horsemen without haberions about for to see the cyte and jews come out and closed them in bihinde/ & he whet his heart & will with hardiness & road manly through the company of jews & come to his own men & for great dread alleged often great wreath they that were in wanhope in the cite comforted to giders in the mean ty●e & many of the jews prayed peace of titus/ & titus dread gyle & treason & seid to his men· as they that been bineth usith waiting & aspiing/ so it needeth hem that be stronger to be ware of such waiting & espieng lest strength be betrayed by fraud and by gyle/ then the first wall was broken with an engine and titus counseyled his men to fight wa●ly/ for if they lacked counsel. strength should seem but folly/ also in the victory is most drede· for if the stronger dieth with the febles that is a victory to him that is overcome/ than the second wall that was quasched and titus proferid pees·s But in the jews side simon and johan withsayde· than fell so great cruelness. and hunger in the cyte/ that byeng and selling seesid and so died roasting and sething and dressing of meet Men eat skins of sheldes and out cast of herbs that cleved on the walls and filth. that men had spewed and cast up & men sought old dirt of skins of Address and careyn of horses for to have to meet ¶ It was lighter for to gete mercy among her enemies/ than among her own men· gallows and gybetes were set upon the walls for no man should flee/ taking death and prysoning without and hunger withynne and dread in every side Titus made a new wall that closed forty furlongs about the cyte and the tents/ and pavilions closed ten furlongs & wards & watches were set that no man should escape Atte last the hongre encreced so that oft he that bore the deed man to his burying was buried rather than he· there was so great stench of deed men/ for the ground of the cyte sufficed not to beryels·s that the careyns were throw by th● sondes over the wallis/ when titus sye that and he said oft that he proffered mercy· but many fled to the romayns & when men gave them meet there was no strength for to eat other for to defy their meet that they eat Somme of them that fl●d when they cleansed their womb delivered the● of jewels of gold· that they had swolowed afore that they ●●ed for the enemies should not openly such jewels find One of the Asiries aspyed that doing by one that had cacked gold and trowed that all the jews had gold within them/ than the jews that fled to the Romayns were opened against titus heest and the wombs and bowels were slitte and c●ruen to seche gold withyn ¶ Titus' made josephus to weet if he might make the jews yield them without more harm if he might with writing with ensamples with fair byheestes other with tears but all was for naught josephus libro sexto But Simon and johan with her fautors stopped the ways all about so that the jews had no way outward nother the romayns ynward/ houses were bysily searched if aught might be found and if any man warned aught he was anon slain Atte last wives caught meet of their husbondes mouth and father and mother of her own children mouth/ If any door were hytste anon me trowed that some man eat therinne/ therefore anon the house was broken The poor men were rob and the rich were accused for her money as though they would flee other bytray the cyte and were slain Egesippus libro sexto & josephus libro septi●o/ than byfell that grisly death A strange woman that heat mary was overcome with hunger and spoke to her own little son in this manner ¶ My son thou art by set about with all thing that is grisly and dredeful with battle with hongre with fire brenning and with thieves: quite once thy mother and pay her that thou hast of her and turn again in to thy pryvey place that thou come of sometime I deed as mildness would/ do we now as hunger constreyneth/ thus she sethed & roasted her own son & eat some and kept some But men that made stryf come thither by the smell of the brent flesh but the woman stylled them and spoke to them in this manner Be still I was coveytous and unkind I have kept you your part And she spoke to the part that was left in this manner/ Mine own son thou art kind to me/ thou lengest my life/ thou cesest them that would me smite/ they that come to sle me/ been made now my friends and gests ●han tasteth what you know that the child's mother hath tasted other else you shall eat all yfere ¶ Shame you not to follow a woman that you have made in this manner/ Anon the cy●● was full of the clamour of this grisly deed/ And titus was so moved therewith that he gaf up his hands in to heaven ward & said we co●e to a battle of men· but now I see that we fight against beestes/ yet beestes rampaunt spare their own kind be they never so needy and helpith her own children but these men devour their own children/ than destroy we them for all her deeds stynken josephus libro septimo Among the Romans was one of Ciria that hete sabinus an orped man and stalworth of honde and of heart and worthy for to be praised without end/ this was black of hewe· and little of stature but a noble soul shone by virtues in that little body This with eleven fellows went upon the wall first and drofe away the jews But atte last he was af●●lyd with a stone & he despised & towhte not of arrows and of stones/ But he defended him with his shield and faughte upon his knees & wounded many men always for he was full of Arrows and of shot & through shoot in every side & died in the place Egesippus· at last the engines were removed toward the temple/ but it halp but lytil. But atte last they brent the walls of the temple that were healed with gold/ R ¶ Here josephus tellith that this meschyef and destroyeng of the cyte and of the people be fill for the death & slaying of james the rightful But more verily it fill for the slaying of crist as the gospel saith they shulle not leave one/ stone upon a stone for thou knowest not the time of visitation/ but our lord will not the death of a sinful man but he will that the sinful m●n amend him and torn to good life And for the jews should have none excusation nowther challenge nother cause for to say that god almighty took wretch of them unwarned. therefore god almighty abode forty year if they would them amend and warned oft by preaching of the Apostles by dredeful signs and tokyns Egesippus and josephus libro septimo ¶ For about a year before the destruction of the cyte/ the likeness of a fire sword was seen hung in the air above the temple/ In that Estern time a heffre that should be offered in the temple ewed a lombe· also the est gate of that temple was so heavy of sound brass that twenty men were bysy enough to lift it and yet many nights the yren bars were broken & the gate opened by hit self as it were wilfully. So that uneath it might be closed afterward ¶ Also hosts of armed men were seen in the clouds and charyottes fled by the eier at with sontyde preestes went in to the temple by night and heard a voys that said go we hens pass we out of these seges Also jesus Ananias son an uplondisch man four year afore the destruction of the cyte come to the sacrifice of the dedication of the temple/ And bygan to cry in the language of the countraye and said A voys out of the est a voys out of the west a voys out of four winds. wo woe/ wo is to Jerusalem & the temple he cried so day and night and cessed not for· beting nor for fair praying Andrea yet he was brought afore Albinus the justice of Rome and hard & cruelly bylad ¶ But he wrought not of his wrong ● nor of his own meschyef but he cried that the country should be destroyed and cessed not oer the last day of the destruction and that day he went upon the wall and rehearsed the same cry and put more thereto and said woe is me also/ and he was anon smite with a stone of a sling and deyde ¶ R Marianus libro primo saith/ that when the temple was brent the floor thereof was ered with ploughs for wretch and despite of the jews ¶ jeronimus in prologo super josephum When the Cyte was destroyed titus went to Rome and lad with him josephus the jew that written anon in G●ue seven books of the taking of jews and titus died th●se books in to the common lybrary and josephus after his death had an image at Rome made of his noble wit Also this josephus written of doing and deeds from the beginning of the world to domicianus twenty books that been called libri antiquitatum/ the books of old▪ I● the eyghten book thereof he granteth & knowlegeth that johan baptist was a very profit & that jerusalem was destroyed by cause of the slander of james the rightful  
Also there he saith that crist was a wiseman and did many wondered works and deeds and that he was doctor and techer of the jews and of other men and slain atte last for envy: and showed▪ him to his disciples the third day after ¶ And that cristendom and the name of cristen men failed never to that time Vaspasianus died in the flux about his own town about the sabins the year of his age three score and ten ¶ Me saith that he stood up when he should die and said ¶ It falls for an emperor to pass standing out of earth Giral in top/ Appolinaris Peter's disciple that was sometime sent to Ravenna suffered death/ Every year in his feest day ravenes crows and chowes comen thither to gyders out of every side as it were by covenant made/ And that day as it were by customme is given them a careyn of a deed horse ¶ Therefore some men will mean that by cause thereof that the cyte is called in duche speech Ravenesburgh Eutropius   

¶ Capitulum 12  
Titus' reigned after his father as it were three year ¶ This was most noble speaker of g●●e and of latyn and wrote causes in latyn and poesyes and gests in grue· they that were convict of conspiration against him were as homely afterward with him as afore ¶ Pol libro tercio capitulo 14 ¶ This was so free of heart that he purged and cleansed the covetise of his father so that he was called the love and the liking of mankynde· Also he had alway that manner that no man that c●me to him go from him without speed or hope of speed Therefore men of his house asked him why he would byhote more than he might perform ¶ There should no man said he go ●lynge & sorry from the answer of a prince/ One's at a soper he bythought him of that saw and bithought him also that he that day gave no gift in help of any man and was sorry and said Alas my friends this day I have lost ¶ In the time of his death he was born in a lyter and looked up in to heaven and said that he nedid not to think of none of all his deeds but only one/ but what deed it was noman wist. About that time died julyanus bishop of cenomannens Me saith that he was simon leprosus the mesel that crist heeled and he received crist in his house and lodged him after the ascension of our lordr he was bishop of cenomannens ordained by the Apostles or by here disciples And he was a noble man of vertues·s And rered three men from death to life. Some men would mean that this is he that men that travaileth by the way prayeth to for good lodging for crist was was herberuhd in his house But it seemeth more soothly that it is the other julianus that unwytting slew both his own father and mother Of him it is certain wreten in this manner julianus was young man and went an hunting and chased an heart and the heart turned his face to him and said thou chacest me and thou shalt slay both thine own father and mother ¶ Than julian dread sore and for to beware that/ that meschyef should not befall julian forsook & left all that he had and put himself to a great prince in far land and bore him well and nobly under that prince both in battle and at home in his palace And bore him so that he was made a knight and wedded one castellana a widow that his lord gave him to wyf Than his father and his mother sought julian in every land And it happened atte last that they came to julians' own castle and when julians wyf had talked with them/ she knew well that they were her husbands father & mother and received them goodly and laid them for to rest in her husbondes bed and went herself to church at morrow erly and left them both a bed ¶ julian came erly home and fond them sleep both to gyders in his own bed And trowed that another man had say there by his wyf/ & stikked them both thorough out and went out and met with his wyf▪ ¶ And than he knew that he had slain both his own father and mother. as the heart had said that he should ¶ Far well my leave sister quoth he for I shall never rest ere. I weet if god will take my penance and forgive my sin. God forbid said she that I should forsake the in this manner in woe and in sorrow and have be pertinet with the in joy and in wealth/ Than they went forth to gyders and made an hospytal by a river whe●e men passed often and were in great peril there/ they halpe men that passed and socoured pour men Long after in frost time julyan was w●ry and rest him about midnight and heard a voys crying and praying of help over the passage julian aroos and fet over the poor man that was neigh deed for cold and brought him in to his house and made fire and set him thereby/ but for all the fire the man was never the h●tter/ than julian died him in his own bed and hilled him with clothes/ And withynne a little while th●s man that seemed so cold and a vile mesel was white and fair and stied up in to the air and spoke to his host julian and said/ julian/ julian Our lord Ihesu crist sent the word by me that he hath received thy penance ¶ And son afterward both julian and his wyf went all to our lord to endels' rest   

¶ Capitulum 12  
DOmicianus vaspasianus son reigned fyften year and five months. his wyf hete first Augusta & first he hyte to call himself god and lord This forbade gelding of men & planting of wines in the cyte of Rome that exiled many of the senators and put mathematicos and philosophres out of the cyte of Rome and build a temple of Rome without any timber. that temple hete pantheon and was build in worship of all gods/ there is now the church of our lady that hete sancta maria rotunda that is saint marry the round Sometime this had the victory of Germans and of danes/ and was so proud therefore that he would suffer none image set in worship of him/ but it were of clean gold Trevisa ¶ Mathematic●s is he/ that hath the science that tretith as it were of length and of breed and tell thurugh such length and breed be none body● that men may grope and feel and so it fareth oft of arsmetrike and geometry Pol ¶ This man was unprofitable in every deed and died no thing manly as a man should but that he bore only the name of the empire But for he would hide the lewydnesse of his wit and of his body under the name of a prince. he ordained him every day a privy idleness/ and used him to catch flies and stykked them with a sharp poyntel/ so that in a time one axed if any man were there in with the emperor nay said his chamberlyn metellus-th●re is not a fly. left with the emperor/ This gave two months of the year new names ●nd called september germanicus and october d●micianus Anacletus of the nation of Athene was pope nine year in Clement stead when clement was exyl●d/ eusebius called him cletus but he overlepe him in his cronyke/ Damasus the pepe writeth to jerom the cronyke of bisshopes of Rome and withsay that saw and said that cletus was a romayne and anacletus a greke also in many other things eusebius cronik varieth from chronicles of other men This Anacletus ordained that preestes should be worshipped afore other men and not travailed ne grieved Eutropius Cornelia the chief maid of the temple of the goddess vesta was convict in lechery and buryed● quick a live Anaristus after cletus was pope ten year/ this ordained seven dekens that should k●pe the bishop while he preached jest enemies of trowth would bear him wrong on hand and say that he erred And also for they should not lightly be herd nor he despised When d●micianus was slain of his own men and dispytously born forth among thieves ¶ Nerua the mild prince. regne● after him one yere· and undyde the deeds of domicianus/ And all they that were exiled were reconciled and come home again And so johan the evangelist come home again to ephesym out of the isle of pathmos ¶ Coiyllus marius son was norysshed at Rome from his childehode/ and reigned in brytayn and paid tribute to the romayns and lad his life in peace R Some men suppose that he build the cyte of colchestre which is chief cyte of estsaxon   

¶ Capitulum 13  
Wlpius crinitus traianus was born in spain and was emperor nyneten yere· among his friends he was free of heart and busy in deeds of Arms and esy in governing of cyteseyns and mighty in revelling of cities and towns. He chastised the danes Scytes Sarmates hiberes. Colcheses and Arabes. he ordained a nau●y in the reed see for to were in Ind/ He made himself every man's fellow & visited oft his friends for he would be salewed of 'em and weet how they ferde. he grieved no man he died no thing wrongfully for to have the more eschews but be made his servants rich that them needed to grieve no man/ his friends blamed him for he was so common to a●le manner men/ he answered and said/ I will be such an emperour● to other men as I would they were to me if they were emperour● ¶ R Helymandus saith that in a time traianus was leapt to horse for to go to battle for the comynte/ And there come a widow weeping and took him by the foot and prayed him that he would do her right and justice of 'em that had slain her son/ I shall do the right said themperour when I come again. what said she if thou never comest again then sayda themperour my successors shall do the right/ what pro●yt said she shall be to the if another man do me good· thou art dettour to me/ and thou shalt receive as thou deservest by thin own deeds. ¶ And so it is fraud for to yield not that is du●· when it may be yolden ¶ Thy successor shall far well if he bear him well and do as he should Traianus was moved by these words and light down of his horse and died the widow right and justice And therefore he was worthy to have an image in rome Also on a time Traianus son road on a wild horse and slough a widows son And therefore traianus gave his own son to the widow for her son ¶ And by cause of this gre●e right wysenes it seemeth that saint gregory won his soul out of hell ¶ Crevisa So might a man ween that were worse than wood or out of right believe ¶ When evariscus was martrid. Alexander come after him and was pope ten year. he ordeygned holy water to be blessed with salt and to be spryngt in cristen menni● houses. he put in to the mass/ Qui pridie quam pa●eretur/ And so forth unto these words hoc est etc ¶ Also he ordained that water should be meddled with the win in the chalice for to bytokene the oning of crist and of holy chirche/ And he ordained that the oost should be of therf breed and of little quantity/ and saide the scarser this oost be the better it is Simon that hete symeon also cleo●has son/ the alas james successor was nailed to the cross in the church of jerusalem. And all men 〈◊〉 that so old a man of six score year might suffer that passion Ignacius bishop of antyochia johans' disciple was brought to Rome and thrown to wild beestes·s And while he was tormented he cried alway busily jesus/ ¶ Thenne after his death his heart was hewn in to small gobeites ¶ And in every gobbet was founden jesus wreton with lettres of gold/ the second plinius nonocomensis a pleter and a writer of stories was in his flowres·s he was master to traianus themperour/ and refrained him in many things & in especial that he should not persecute ne grieve cristen men ¶ Also this not withstanding the knighthood and chivalry that he used alway· yet he written seven and thyrtty books of the story of kind in the which he descryveth clearly the world and all that is therinne· ¶ at last he went for to search and enquere the cause of the gravel that is in the see strand which is allayed with heepes of gravel as it is sayde· ¶ After the passion of Alysaundre the pope sixtus was pope almost eleven year/ he ordained that trisagium that is sanctus/ sanctus sanctus should be song at mass And that the corporas should not be of silk neither sendel but clean linen cloth not died and that no woman should handle no towelles of the auter And though men rede that Alysander suffered death in adrians time ● yet thenne was not Adrian Emperor/ but peraventur consul or perfect. In this trayanus time placidas master of knights went on hunting and met with an heart having between his horns the crucifix which said to him that he his wyf & his children should suffer moche woe and sorrow ¶ And after this he was crystend and his wyf and his children/ and he had a new name and was named eustace Cassiodorus ¶ This Traianus deyde in the flux in Selencia the year of his age/ lxiij His bones were in a golden urn or pot and buried in the market place under a piler that he had made of an honderd and four and forty foot high·s Loose and mind of him is so sprung that yet in our time men pray in plesing of princes/ Moore gracious mo●e thou be than 〈◊〉 was Augustus'/ and better than traianus▪   

¶ Capitulum 14  
ADrianus helius Traianus cousin was Emperor one and twenty year and ten months/ he was cunning in the language of grue and of latyn and made in Athenes a lybrarye of wonder manner werke· He was cunning of music of physic of painting of graving of melting and of casting of brass/ and of other metal· When books of our believe were wreton by one quadratus the disciple of thapostles & by one 〈◊〉 of athenes·s Adrianus bad and commanded by his lettres 〈◊〉 cristen men should not be dampened without trespass put against 'em & proved/ he made many laws/ but he had great envy to the noble loos and renomme of traianus· So that he forsook the provinces that traianus had wonne· as siria/ mesopotania & Armenia/ & purposed to have left dacia· but his friends caused him to change his thought/ Also this Adrianus overcome the jews that were eftsoons yet rebel and chased 'em out of  And put therinne men of other nations ●nd sigh that time the place where crist suffered his passion is within the north walls of the cyte of Ierlm/ which was to fore that time without the walls/ In this Adrianus time the philosopher secundus was flowering which put himself to silence & would not speak to his lives end. And the cause of his silence was this/ he had 〈◊〉 & study●d atte school of Athenes & herd of the unstydfastnes of women And therefore in a time when he come home & was unknown of his friends/ he thought tassaye & prove the unstydfastnes of his own moder· & gave to a wench ●er servant yeft●s & she brought him pryuel●● by night unto his mothers bed Thenne his mother bygan to 〈◊〉 him and comfort him for to have to do with her/ nay mother said he it is not sitting to me to defowle that place from which I came of/ why/ said she/ who art thou. I am said he secundus thy son/ And when his mother herd that she deyde forthwith for shame and sorrow/ Thenne he saw and understood that his mother was deed by his default in speaking and t●llynge what he was unto her and made great doole and sorrow/ and avowed never to speak after/ and so he never spoke after but lived as a d●mbe man to his lives end/ And held his avow v●to his lives ende· so that he would not sp●ke fo● man●ce ne for fair bihe●tes and yet he was brought tofore Adrian th●mperour· but speak would he never as it is wreton in ●he questions that he written in his silence time/ the lefforus the pope was a greke after sixtus passion he was pope xj year. he ordained the lente 〈◊〉 be fasted to fore cester. And that noman should sing mass to fore the hour of undern- & that men should sing three masses with gloria in excelsis on crystemas day. That year Eustace that to fore was called Placidas was martyred and his wyf and children ¶ That time the three maidens fides spes & caritas and her mother sapiencia were martyred at rome ● Adrian themperour deyde in campania in the dropecye ● That time Aquila of the ylond pontus was flourysshynge· He was the second after seventy that turned holy wryt out of Hebrew in to grue ¶ After the passion of Thelefferus Igynus a greke philosopher of Athenes was pope four yere· he ordained the clergy to be rewled in order and in degree ¶ Also he ordained that no Archibisshop should condemn his suffrygan but in sight and in hearing of other suffrigans and bishops of the same province   

¶ Capitulum 15  
Antonius' pius with his sons Aurelius and lucius was Emperor two and twenty year/ he had such a name that in all his kingdom he withheld the cautions of his dettour and foryave the dettis. And therefore he was called the father of the country. And m● said that he would say oft in this manner Me is liefer by the ensample of Scipion save one cyteseyn than overcome a thousand enemies ● His daughter faustina saw sword men fight and cast so great love to one of them that she was seek for love· And she told it to her own husband Marcus Antonius/ Thenne by counsel of phisiciens of caldea that sword man was slain and faustynas body enoynted with his blood And so the sorrow cesed· Also many men of strange nations died of her armure/ and put the causes of her stryf upon Antonius and were ready for to stand to his ordinance and doom/ jeronimus de viris. In his time policarpus bishop of ephesim that was disciple to johan thevangelist come to rome and converted many men out of their heresy/ And was afterward brent in his own church. After Iginus pius was pope fyften year. At his prayer hermes wrote that book that is cleped pastor/ therinne it is wreton that Easter-Day should not be hold but on a sondaye by bidding of the Aungele that showed him in the clothing of a fyssher/ ¶ About this ●yme Tro●tus pompeus of the nation of spain was in his floure●/ He written the stories of all the world from Nynus's time king of Assiria unto the time of the hoole lordship of Emperors in xliiij books/ his disciple justinus abredged those books This justinus was a pleder and a writer of histories. Also this justinus written the book de cristiana religione to antonius pius And thereby he made him the more goodly After pius Anitetus was pope as it were ten year/ he bad that clerks should be shaven round about and have no long locks ¶ Galyen the phisicien that was born at pergamus was in his flowers at Rome· he expowned ypocras books and not only them but he made many volumes of his own Me saith that for reasonable abstinence that he used he lived honderd and forty year/ he eat never ne drank his fill neither eat raw fruit. ¶ He had always a sweet smelling breath/ he deyde for age and for non● other evil That time hirmeus episcopus lugdium was flowering he expowned many books of holy wryt ¶ And ptholomeus a cunning man of the science of mathematyke was in his flowers he made more of astronomy than was made to fore his tyme. This man was of strange watch and of little meet and had a sweet breath. he made many books that been named Almagestus perspectiva and in judicijs quadripertitum and centilogum ¶ Among his proverbis twain been famous and noble he is heyghest among men that retcheth never/ who hath the world in honde. and other men been not amended by him that is not amended by other men   

¶ Capitulum 16  
MArcus Antonius verus and lucius comodus the sons of Antonius pius regneden after thryr father eyghten year These twain were both joined by kynrede & affynyte though they were not both born of one womb/ For marcus Antonius had wedded Antonius pius daughter/ And lucius comodus had wedded marcus Antonius doughter· & so by these twain the Romans begun to have twey emperors This marcus was never proud for none hap that might befall to him he was so stydfast & so sad that from his childhood he changed never his semblant for sorrow ne for ioye· also after the bataill that he died against the germans slaves and sar●●tes he had spent all that was in the tresory & had naught for to yeve unto his knights/ yet him was liefer leye to wed his vessels of silver and of gold and tharray of his wyf/ than grieve provinces lands and the senators ¶ Therefore when the victory was won he recovered all that and moche more & paid the prise of the value to 'em that would yield ayene that they had bought other received to wed/ And was not wroth to hem that would not yield again that they had bought or received to wed/ he relesed many ●●●butes to provinces and lands. the tables of the dettes that men oh wyd him he brent in the myddel of the cyte Cruel laws he attemperid with new ordinances & constitucions·s In his time egesippus' flowered the writer of stories & of destroyenge of / his book was wreton in grue & Ambrose turned it in to latyng Tho was the maid praxedis flowering after that she had buried many martyrs she prayed our lord that she might pass after hem & her boon was herd/ In this emperors time wa● 〈◊〉 great pestilence & death that the host of rome was nigh destroyed/ so in a time themperour fought against the quades and his men fayleden weal nigh for drink & god almighty sent hem rain fro heven· but the contrary befyl when lightning feared the germans & sarmates/ Gaufr/ About the first year of this marcus lucius coyllus son bygan to regne in Brytayne/ Gaufr & alfr/ he sent lettres to elentherius the pope for to receive crystendome/ & his bone was graunted· & britons held & kept hoolly that faith & believe unto dyoclysian themperours'emperors time/ After Anitetus' sother was pope nine year/ he ordained that a menchon or nun should not handle the towayllis of the auter neither do ensence in the senses but she shall bear a veil on her heed/ also he ordained that no wyf should be held lawful but she were blessed of a priest. After sother elenthe●●u● was pope xv yere· he ordained that crysten men should not Forsake ne forbear no meet. that is skylful & reasonable for mankind/ & that no man should be degraded ne put out of his state & of his degree but he were lawfully accused to fore hon/ & he said that our savour wist well that judas was a thief & his traytoure· but for he was not accused he was not put down/ but all that he died in the mean time among thapostles for the state of his dignity it was allowed and stood ferme & stable/ also this pope atte praying of lucius king of brytons sent forganus & damianus that crystned the king & the people and made bisshopes & Archebisshops in stead of flamynes and A●cheflamynes that misbelieved men hadden in steed of Archibisshops & bishops/ And this crystendome dured in brytayne ij·C year and sixteen unto dyoclisians' time when saint albon was martyred   

¶ Capitulum 17  
AFter marcus lucius comodus was emperor? thyrten year/ This comodus was unprofitable to all things and gave him all to lechery and harlotry/ he made to slay many senators and cristen men and cleped the month of septembre after his own name. Also he was deffamed by the shrewdness of his wife and fought in Amphiteatre with short sword men in the house of the gods vesta/ he was strangled atte last and dyede with so great wrath and despite that he was deemed enemy of mankind/ Treuisa/ Amphiteatrum is an high round place for to see about/ Thenne it followeth in the sto●● that be sent philip the noble burgeys of Rome in to egypte This philippes daughter eugenia with twry sons prothus and Iacinc●us went a way in a man's wede unweting her father that was not in the believe and she was christened and was called eugenius and made a monk/ And when the Abbot was deed/ Eugenius was made Abbot in his stede· Atte last a woman that hete melencia cast a lecherous eye upon Eugenius & would have had eugenius to lie by her· And by cause eugenius would not assent/ melencia diffamed eugenius and said that eugenius would have leyn by her by strength against her will. wherefore eugenius was take and brought to her own father philip/ then she kytte and slytte her clotheses and showed that she was his own daughter eugenia/ & shewede that there were prothus & iacinctus y gelded. when her father saw that he was christened with all his main/ And melencia that had her deffamed was suddenly brent with a stroke of lightening: After elentherius victor was pope ten year. Anon he sent lettres to theophilus of Allexandria and to all the brethren that were there that they should gadre a counseyl for to ordain the very holding of Easter-Day/ Marianus li● 1. ca 2. ffor after that the apostles were deed unto that time as cristemas day is hold the seven day to fore ●anyuer upon ●hat day ever it fell. so all the men of gallia held the Easter-Day the seven day tofore april upon what day of the week somever it be fell as it was first bygonne and take for to be hold ¶ Eusebius in his story tellith that men of the eest lands held esterdaye the fourten day of the moan upon what day it ever fill in the month of march ¶ In this counseyl and synod was pope victor and narcisus patriarch of jerusalem and hireneus bishop of lugdium/ there it was ordained that Easter-Day should be held the first sondaye after the xiv day of the moan of the first month that is march/ 〈…〉 esterweke should dure unto the xxj day of the same moan so 〈◊〉 thylk day be accounted in the ester week/ Theophilus of cesarea halpe moche in this ordinance. Theodocius of ephesym was that time held a noble man he was the thyrdde that turned holy wryt out of hebrew in to grue/ after comodus hilius pertinax was Emperor six months Him sl●we julian a cunning man of the law and so he took th'empire by strength but he was slain of one severus anon after the seven month   

¶ Capitulum 18  
AFter julianus Severus of Affryca of the countray that height tripolis was Emperor sixten year/ this was made emperor and no more of Affryca first this was an eschetour & steygh up by diverse offices and dygnytees unto he was emperor/ He was right scars and stern of kind/ he overcome the parthes and the arabes. and therefore he was called perthicus and arabicus/ he made a wall in brytayne that stretcheth six score mile and twain unto the see/ and he deyde at york ¶ Beda libro 1 This severus governed the comynte myghtly/ & with great travayl·s And atte last he went in to brytayne and made a wall of turfs and not of stones as some men ween and departed brytayne by that wall/ he dalf up turns of the ground and made up an high wall/ so that to fore the wall is the dyche that the turfs were doluen out/ thereupon been pight strong poles and stakes of tree/ he strengthened oft that wall with many towers & deyde afterward at york and left after him twey sons basianus and geta/ But geta was judged for a common enemy and put to death/ basianus was called antonius & had the kingdom/ Gaufr Lucius king of britons dei●e without children & was buried at gloucetre/ thenne fell stryf among the britons & the power of the romayns·s therefore severus the senator with two legions was sent in to brytayn/ he made a wall at cost of the comynte between deira. and albania that been the north side of englond and Scotland He made the wall against fulgencius king of pyctes & fought afterward at york and was slain & buried there and left after him two sons/ one hete geta. his mother was of Rome. that other heet bassianus and his mother was of brytayne. Therefore was great fighting between the two brethren and geta was slain & bassianus had the kingdom Gaufr The brytons chose bassianus for his mother was bryton/ but the Romans cheese geta by cause his mother was a romayn/ & so they fought and geta was slain R ¶ But eutropius saith in the story of rome! that geta was slain atte cyte edessa when he fought against the parthes  
¶ But gaufr/ in the story of brytons saith that geta was slain of one caransius a tyrant that frayed with him/ Symachus was tho in his floures·s ●e was the fourth that translated holy writ out of Hebrew in to grue he was of the samarytes & turned unto the jews law & was· made proselitus that is when he is turned fro another law to the jews law/ Eusebius libro sexto/ That time was narcisus flowering bishop of Ierlm It is wreton that he was a right true jug and stydfast & would not bend but always hold the troth & yeve true sentences/ therefore three men that were culpable in 'em self feigned a blame and accused the bishop and brought forth hem self for witness/ the first prayed that the fire of hell must brenne him but it were sooth that he said/ the second prayed that the kings evil must destroy him but if it were sooth that he said. the thyrdde prayed that he must loose both his eyen but it were sooth that be said/ But the great eye of god's ordinance brent the first witness as he had prayed and all his house therto· And destroyed the second witness by the kings evil/ the thyrdde saw how his fellows sped & dr●d full sore & knowleched h●s trespass to sore all th● people & wept so many tears & so oft for that sin & trespass that he lost both his eyen/ After the passion of vyctor Zephirinus was pope ix year. he ordained that every cristen man of twelve year old & above should every year once receive the sacrament & be hoseled on Easter-Day/ He made many omelyes & epistles & so of his making is the legend on childermas day & beginneth Zelus quotendat & so forth & also of the decollacioon of seint iohn/  
¶ Eusebius libro sexto ¶ saint leonydes Or●gn●s father was martrid at alexandria the first day of march his son origenes a child of xviij year that height adamancius also cast for to follow thensample of his father/ but by thordenaunceordinance of god and business of his mother the child was kept to full great prouffyt of many men/ for she hid the child's clotheses that night that he would have goon out on the morrow. therefore the child written a letter to his father how he was held at hoome by sleyht of his mother and prayed his father that he would be stydfaste and hold forth that he had bygonne. while this was a little child he axed oft questions of his father/ and asked how holy write was yeve to us by thinspiration of the holy gost·s and what of god's counsel is hide in holy wryt in symplenes of speaking and of words/ ¶ Hit is said that oft when the child was a sleep the father would unhele the child's breast and worship it a● it were god's temple and kiss it full sweetly and say that well was him that gate ever such a child ¶ Thenne when the father was martyred the child was of eyghten year age as afore is said/ when his fadris catel was taken be thescheators/ he and his mother that was widow and his eight brethren were left in great povert and meschyef ¶ Than at Alexandria he held a grammar school for to have livelihood for him and his ¶ But ever among he turned men to cristen faith and halpe and socoured 'em that were poursiewed and brought in meschyef and comforted 'em that were lad to death for the faith of holy chirche· he usid moche waking and fastynge· he followed the saying of the gospel that counseylleth that me should not have two kyrtels ne care for the day that cometh to morrow/ So that if le knew any that kept of her own cattles to live by he refused 'em and would not have 'em in his loore/ he went many year without hosen or shoe●/ alway he spared win but if it were for helping of the stomach In his yougth he died one deed that seemed of unparfight wit but it was a token of a full believe and of parfyght chastity as the gospel saith/ somme been ghelded that ghelde 'em self/ for the kingdom of god Therefore not only by cause of chastity but also for he should preach to men and to women privily  
Mame● Alysander themperours'emperors mother desired to here orygenes speak and stute after him that he should come to her out of alexandria unto antiochia ¶ This orygenes without other had seven young men and seven maidens that written divers books & matters as he gave hem to 〈◊〉 by his own mouth he wrot●●o much that jerom knowledged that had read of orygenes books four thousand volumes without epistles that he had written Hit was a proverb of him. Such was his loore such was his life/ he slept upon no bed/ he tasted neither flesh ne win/ Giraldus Orygenes was neygh the greatest of holy wrythen if he not erred in so moche speech/ And as all the latyn 〈◊〉 folowen ennius so all expositors folowen orygenes Also in hi● manner he translated the bible in to grue Also he fonded to amend the translations of other doctours· of Aquila/ of symachus and theodotion And there they had more than was in Hebrew he made a sign that height ●belus/ and is shappn endlong like a rod/ And there they had lass than was in Hebrew or spoke derkly·s he made a sign that is called Asteristus and is shape like a s●●●re jeronimus epistola 41 There orygenes said well. noma● said better and there he said evil no man said worse ¶ And when he passed weal nigh all other doctors in his other books. he passed himself supper cantica canticorum/ he spoke a thousand treties in church and made expositions without number & called 'em themos/ if any that follow him put error against us he may take heed that the great homerus slept sometime/ for in a long work it is lawful to sleep sometime/ we shall not follow his vytes if we may not follow his virtues ¶ Therefore if one of his books be defowled which book heyg●te peryarchon. whe●●nne he understandeth evil of the father and worse of the son and worst of the holy goost·s And there he said that cast will sometime through his great mercy save the angels that fill down fro heaven And he leyth for him that verse of the saw●●r/ god shall not be wroth for evermore/ neither menace without end Shall all his books for this be destroyed/ he himself orygenes in a pistle that he written to fabyan the pope of Rome maketh sorrow for he had wreton such things/ And put the cause of that fo●e upon one Ambrose that put forth his books that be had wreton privily and made him common oer he had corrected and amended them My friends said he have done me this·s If I hold my peace/ I shall be held guilty And if I answer I shall be held an enemy/ either condition is hard/ but of the twain I shall cheese the lighter/ About this time the fifth translation was founden in a toun at jerycho That translation is called vulgata the author 〈◊〉 is unknown ¶ It seemeth that the common sauter that we use is taken of that translation though we follow jeroms translacians in other books of holy wryt But Damasus the pope made the church of rome follow jerom also in the sawter   

Sequitur Capitulum 19  
BAssianus Antonius severus son reigned after his father seven year. this was called marcus aurelius and carakalla also for a manner clothing that he gave at Rome And therefore baths that he made at Rome been called caracalane This was a right evil man and sharper of manners than his father and he was unsufferable of lechery R ¶ So that he took his own stepdame juliana and wedded her to wyf ¶ Of the place and manner of his dying auctors discorden as it is said to fore honde Gaufr and Alfr While this bassianus reigned one caransius that comes of the lowest blood of brytons was a noble man of counceyl & of honde ●he gate of the senators the keeping of the costs of Brytayne· for that time frensshemen and saxons warrayed thereupon but when 〈◊〉 had gotten his axing he died more harm and damage than profit to the comynte For he byhete to the britons that he would 〈◊〉 and chase the Romayns out of the ylond if they would make him king ¶ Thenne he slough bassianus and 〈◊〉 the kingdom seven year For the pyctes that fulgencius the ●nc bassianus's moders brother had brought out of Sacia and out of other lands fors●●e bassianus in the bataill For carancius had hired 'em/ And so carancius had the victory and gave to the pyctes a dwelling place in Albania that is Scotland/ there they were meddled with brytons & dwellid there afterward long time The Senators of Rome heard hereof and sent one allectus with three legyons in to brytayn for to slay the tyrant carancius and he was slain Allectus reigned three year and he restored brytayne again to the power of rome. Gir· And for this Allectus grieved and poursiewed the brytons that had hold with caransius one asclepiodotus duke of cornewayle was made king And after three year he slough Allectus at london and many thousands of Romayns ¶ Gauredus After that london was long besieged/ venodotes men of north wales fill upon gallus Allectus fellow and slough him within london at a broken. that hath the name of him and is called gallebro●● or walbrooke ¶ And asclepiodotus reigned somewhat of years in the ylond unto dioclisianus time Thenne coelus duke of colchesire slough Asclepiodotus ¶ R Giraldus & gaufredus call this aslepiodotus duke of cornwall But beda libro/ 1. ca/ 6 followeth eutropius in the story of Rome and called this Asclepiodotus prefect of the pretorye  
Eutropius Opilius macrinus perfect of the pretorye was Emperor after bassianus as it were one year/ And then at archelaydes he was slain and his son also ¶ After Zephirinus calixtus was pope five yere· he ordained the fasting of the four time of the year for plente ol corn and of fruit. and made a church yerde at Rome in a place that is called Via apia/ for to bury in the bodies of holy martris/ now that place is called cimitorium calixti/ Marcus aurelius antonius that was held the son of carcalla was emperor two year He forbore no manner of lechery. Atte last he was slain in a striving of knights   

¶ Capitulum 20  
AVrelius Alexander was emperor thyrten year/ This was so cruel in corrections of the law of chivalry/ that he undid hool legyons that made grutching and stryf/ his assessour was one vulpianus a cunning man of law/ ¶ He was slain at magounce in almaigne in striving of knights In his time the sixth translation was founden of holy writ at nycapolis in palestina ¶ Marcus ¶ Calixtus the pope was martyred in Alexander's time ¶ And the first urban was pope after him eight year/ he ordained that the offering of cristen men should none otherwise be spent than in use of holy church and in help of needy cristen men/ for they been the vows of cristen men & the pries of sin In his time the church of rome began first to have lands and rents and with the prouffyt therof· he fond notaryes and clerks to write the living and deeds of holy saints To fore this time holy cirche lived as the Apostles/ And received only money to the use ●f needy cristen men This. is that urban that christened valerianus the spouse of seint cecile and was atte last martyred with him in Aurelius' time After him poncianus was pope five year And atte last 〈…〉 brought and martyred at sardinia/ ¶ And afterward 〈◊〉 brought his body to Rome & buried it there Me saith that our Siriacus was pope after this poncianus one year But by cause he resigned the papacy against the will of the clergy. And one Antherus was made pope/ And for he went to Agrippina. which now is called coleyn with eleven thousand maidens/ whom he had crystend well nigh al· he is not set in the book of reckoning of pope's/ The cardynalies trowed that he had left the poperych not fo●●euocion but for liking of maidens Netheles he was a clean maid martyred with the said maidens/ After that Aurelius was slain at magounce/ Maximinus Julius was made emperor by the host without authority of the senators and was emperor three year/ he poursiewed holy church and specially for orygenes/ And he was slain atte last in aquila· Gordyanus was Emperor six year and was slain of one phelip perfect of the pretory not far from Rome after that gordianus had overcome the parthes/ Fabian was pope after Antherus fyften year/ when the pope was deed this passed by the way and talked with his friends of the●chesyng of a new pope  
¶ Thenne a down came suddenly and sat on his heed and said thou shalt be crowned bishop of Rome ¶ And so he was choose by god's ordinance and ordeyyed seven 〈…〉 to write the deeds of holy martres/ And he ordained that 〈◊〉 year crysme and oil should be hallowed in holy churches 〈◊〉 he was martyred atte last in decius tyme· In this pope's time one nanacius a priest of Rome desired to be pope and bycam an heretic and denied that a sinful man might be saved/ therefore was made a counsel of sixty bisshops·s That time was Affricanus the wrytar flouryng· h●●ac●ydes the bishop saith that he written the lives of holy fadres in a book that is called paradysu●· affrycanus was prayed and went to Alexandria & occupied the master chair after orygenes/ Also that time co●lus the duke of colchestre slough asclepiodotus and reigned in britain thyrtty year unto the ecoming of constancius   

¶ Capitulum 21  
PHilippus with his son philip was emperor seven year This was the first ●risten man of all themperours'emperors/ & was ●●istend of saint poncius the martir· he was so stydfaste in the faith of holy church that he knowleched freely his sin & was houseled to fore all the people on Easter-Day/ his son was a cristen man but he was so stern of heart that no man might move him to lawghe/ ¶ One's be tok● heed how his father made a mow & turned away his face/ alway he withstood vices and fonded to styghe up to the parfyghtnesse of virtues Eutropius in the iiij/ year of this emperor were ended a thousand year after that Rome was builded/ and for solemnity thereof philip slough beestes without number in a round place that is called the great cirtus And made plays of the theatre in mars field three days and three nights to the people that work busily/ fabian the pope was martyred in decius the consuls time/ After him cornelius was pope three year He ordeygned that none oath should be challenged of the pope but it were for the right faith of holy church And that no priest should commit his cause to another man's doom but it were appeled to the court of Rome ¶ Also atte prayer of saint lucina he made the bodies of thappostles to be take ou●● of the place that hght catacumb as it were a charnel and brought pole's body in the place that is called via hostiensis. And petres body in the place that is called vaticanus fast by the place/ where he was put on the cross/ ¶ In this pope's time the greeks had stolen the bodies of the apostlis for to bring 'em in to grece· but fendes that were closed and dwelled in mawmettes were compelled by the virtue of god and cried/ Help you men of Rome for our gods been take away from you/ then crysten men understood that this was said of thappostles and mysbylevyd· men understood that it was said of their gods ¶ And so mysbyl●uyd men and cristen men gathered 'em to geders all in one rout by one assent and poursiewed after the grekes·s thenne the greeks were afeard and threw the bodies of thapostles in a pit at a place that height catacumbe/ And when the bodies were take out of that place it was doubt whether bones were Peter's and whether were pawls ¶ Thenne crysten men bygonne to pray and to fast and had a revelation and a showing of god that the greater bones were the fyssher bones·s the fyssher was peter Phelip the older was slain at verona And philip the 〈◊〉 was slain at Rome by gyle and by fraud of decius ¶ R It is red in legenda sanctorum that philip the olde●●ad sent his noble knight decius for to chastise gallia/ decius sped well and came again and themperour came against him out of Rome and was slain at verona by his fraud and gyle/ then the younger philip heard thereof and sleygh and took his father treasure to sixtus the pope and to laurence the dekene for to deal it to pour men ¶ Then●● decius was made emperor for men shold-wene that he had slain his lord for love of maumetry & not trayterly ¶ This decius poursiewed cristen men and was emperor three year ¶ He would have crowned his son decius emperor but his son would not and said I dread that I shall foryete to be a son yef I be made emp●rour Me is liefer said he to be not emperor and be a meek son than be emperor and be a stout son and unkynde· My father shall be emperor ¶ My empire shall be to be subgette and buxom to the emperor   

Capitulum 22  
ORosius saith that decius was Emperoroure three year ●ud three months/ But eusebius beda and cassiodorus tellen that he bygan to regne the year after the building of Rom●a thousend year and four and by eusebius cronyque it seemeth that this decius reigned eight year/ and by the martilogye it seemeth that he reigned sixten year/ It seemeth that ●llys it might not stand that so many pop●● as fabian cornelius lucius stephen & sixtus were martyred in decius time as it is wreton and radde Therefore some men would suppose/ that these sixteen year and two year of galerius shall restore the eyghten year that lacken in the cronikes of eusebius and of beda fro the fyften year of tiberius cesar unto our time/ Here among take heed that the elder decius that slough philip and was emperor after him/ he was Emperor as it is here said But the other decius the younger was Cesar & not emperour· And so between these two decius were both emperors and pope's as gallus and volusianus After hem reigned valerius with his son galyenus fyften year In her time were martyred five pope's and laurencius the dekene & ypolitus with all his house It seemeth by this that galyenus had two names for he was called decius also 〈◊〉 Other men suppose that it was all one decius that was made caesar by philip and thilk decius under whom laurence was martyred/ ¶ And therefore it is nowther y red in laurence legend decius emperor but decius cesar It happeth oftyme that some were caesars and not Augustes ne emperors For some were first caesars and then Augustus· and thenne emperors/ then in the first year of decius themperour the seven slepers bygonne to sleep in the mount celius and sleep so two honderd year And they rose about the last time of theodocius/ About that time Antonius the famous monk was born in Egypte· Cornelius the pope was martrid & after him lucius that was pope three year And Abdon & sennen was martyred also and saint Agatha at cathyna/ Also that yer● decius and his son w●re slain of goths in Tracia/ But it is read in ypolytus' passion that decius and valerianus were travailed with a fiend after Laurences passion and deyde in that meschyef/ Gallus with his son volusianus reigned two year/ they went out of Rome and Emilianus slough hem and took th'empire with wrong and was slain the month after/ In his time fell a pestilence as it were in to all the world/ And Orygenes deyde and was buried in tirus the year of his age lxx/   

¶ Capitulum 23  
UAleryanus with his son galyenus reigned fyften yere· Fyrst· he worshipped so holy saints that me trowed that his house had be gods own church. But afterward he was apeyred by one that was a wytche and bygan to hate the faith of crysten men/ then he biganne to poursue cristen men· And gods help was so by moan him that he was taken of sapor king of pierce And his eyen were put oute· And he was held in a dispytous bondage to his lives ende· So that he should stoop to ground And the king should set his foot on his back when he should lepe to horse/ About that year decius that hyghte galyenus wax cruel and stern/ And paul the first heremyte went in to wilderness and lived there unknown lx year together as jerom writeth in vitas patrum/ ¶ After lucius stephen was pope three year/ he ordeygned that mynystres of holy church should not were holy vestymentes in the common use of every day: this stephen was slain while he said his mass/ the second ciprianus was first a man of law and a pletar an● afterward a priest/ and at last he was bishop of cartage and was martyred the same day that cornelius the pope was martyred but not the same year Aft●r that stephen was martyred sixtus was p●pe two year/ he ●edeygned that men should sing a mass upon an Altar and was afterward martyred with felicissimus & Agapitus in decius time so saith the martiloge that is better to believe than cronykes of auctors that been not known/ For galyenus themperour hete decius also ¶ This sixtus went in to spain in a time and fond there two yonglynges vyncent and laurence that were his own cousins and were well thewed and manerd. He took heed of hem and brought 'em ● with him to Rome· And laurence abode with him at Rome and vyncent went again in to spain And was martyred afterward in dacianus the judges time/ After that sixtus was martyred/ denies a monk was pope six yere· he departed paryshes and church yerdes'/ And assigned to everich parish a priest/ After denies felix was pope four yet/ Eugenia prothus and iacinctus were thenne martyred at Rome/ that time gregorius nazauzenus was in his flowers/ He was bishop in constantinople in grece Two brethren germayns strofe for a pond that had plente of fish and by his prayers the pond waxed dry and bear corn● and fruit ¶ Also a church should be builded in a place but the place was to scarce and to narrow for in the eest side was a great roche and a great river in the west side/ And gregory prayed in a night/ And on the morn it was founden that the roche was withdrawn a● far as it needed & so there was a place large enough for to make & build a church/ also in another time in winter he passed the alpes and he must wend by Appolyns temple/ but when he was goon fro the temple the priest of the temple that was wont to gete moche good by answers that the maumett gaf gate no more/ for the mawmet gaf none answer/ And the priest offered sacrifice bysyly/ and it was said him in his sl●pe that Apollo delphicus was put out by the coming of gregory And he might not come again without leave of gregory ¶ When the priest heard that. anon he went to gregory and purchased a letter of him in these words/ Gregory sendeth greeting to Appolyn/ I suffer the to torn again in to thy place and do as thou were wont to do this letter was set up in Appolyns temple/ And Appolyn gave answer as he was wonte· When the priest saw that he went to gregory and prayed him that he would make him a crysten man And atte last when gregory was deed he was bishop after him/ ¶ Claudius the second reigned one year & somewhat of months ¶ One's he overcome the goths and deyde. After him his brother quintilius r●gned by assante of knights/ and was slain the xv day in Aquila ¶ After that felyx the pope was martyred euticianus was pope six year/ he ordained that the first fruits should be blessed upon the aucter. Also he buried three honderd and sixty martres with his own honde   

¶ Capitulum 24  
AVrelianus of denmark born was emperor five year/ and somewhat of months/ he was like to great Alysaunder or to Julius/ For as Alysaunder in xij year w●●te in to Ind/ and julius in ten year overcome the Galls and the Germans and fought four year against the cyteseyns▪ So in this four year be restored the lordship of Rome/ In his first time the state of holy church bygan 〈◊〉 so that a solemn counseyl of Bishops was made at Antiochia ¶ In that counceyl paul the heretic was condemned but afterward he was ●●eyred by shrews & arered disese and stryf in holy church This Aurelianus overcome the goths five sythes·s this was the first among Romayns that used clotheses of gold/ he died on his heed a dyadem● arrayed with precious stones·s he restored to the people use of swines flesh/ Atte last he came in to gallia and martyred many holy men and called the cyte genalium by his own name aurelyan And was after slain fast by constantinople ¶ After him tacitus reigned six months after the which he was slain in pontus ¶ Thenne after tha●●●●rianus reigned three months and was slain in Tharsis ●●ter the passion of euticianus/ gaius was pope nyntem year. he ordained degrees of ordres in holy church ¶ Hostiariu● lector exorcista and acolytus and other more/ And that no man should accuse the ministries of holy church to fore a secular jug Anatolius bishop of Alysaunder in laodicia made a boo● of the verrey Easter day & ten books of arsmetrik ¶ The heresy of the manachies began to spring. Mauych●us was of pierce a man of sharp wit and of strange man●●s ¶ First ●e was named mane● ¶ The manychyes have tha● name of him▪ The● s●y● that there been twain first werchers and maker's of things/ One of good and another of evil/ one of l●ght and another of derknes·s Giraldus and Alfredus.  
¶ Aleu●● that time the remains sent one constan●●us for to make coelus king of brytayne subgett/ And for 〈◊〉 receive tribute that was denied ¶ But coelus wa● deed after the month of his coming and Constantius had the kingdom/ and wedded this coelus daughter/ and gate on her the great constantin Probus was Emperor six year and somewhat of months/ he won gallia that was out of their hands and restored it again/ he let the galls and pannonyes have use of wines/ And when he had weal nigh set all in peace/ he said that in short time me should have no need to knights/ And atte last he was slain 〈◊〉 a striving of knights ¶ Carus with his sons carinus' 〈◊〉 Numerianus was emperor two year and he was drowned 〈◊〉 the river Tigris/ ¶ Also Numerianus was lad in a litter for his sore eyen and his own wives father Apru● sat in a way●e for him and slough him ¶ Thenne after many daye● he wa● uneath found but by stench of his carayn. ¶ Carinus was overcome and slain at margus   

¶ Capitulum 25  
DIoclysianus the son of dalmata the writer was first consul and thenne he was made emperor and he was emperor twenty year Anon this smote Aprus in a gathering of knights and sworn that without his tresonne and gyle Numerianus had not be slain/ This man was full oft ●esy & subtle of wit. so that he couth fulfil his cruelness by the envy of other This bad and commanded that men should worship as it were god almighty 〈◊〉 He used clotheses ho●en & shoen ryally arrayed with precious stones·s though emperors that were to fore him were salewed as judges and had a re●e mantel more than other men and none other dyversite fro the common clothing of other men/ but such a reed mantel ¶ Also for were and battles that were toward/ this took one herculius maxmianus and made him his fellow in the kingdom ¶ This herculius wa● openly grim and stern. and would not be under the ●awe▪ his sternes was son known by his grisly countenance and semblant ¶ But dyoclysianu● made him first Cesar And afterward Augustus ¶ He bore down a greet multitude of churls and yielded 〈◊〉 to the galls ¶ In that journey was the legyon at A●pe● that heat legy● thebea saint M●ury●● was one of that regyon. ¶ at last dyoclysianus made constanciu● and galerius caesars/ And so th'empire was governed by two Augustus and dioclysianus and maximianus and by two caesars Constantius and galerius He that is Augustus is gre●er than he that is cesar. And for he would have the greater affynyte/ dyoclysianus made Constantius forsake his wyf and wed theodora the stepdoughter of herculius Max●mianus and Constantius gate on her six children·s And he made galerius wed his daughter and forsake his wyf. and atte last dyoclysianus and Maximianus left of th'empire by their fire will and begun to be philosophres Thenne constancius and galerius deled th'empire between them twain And so Iliricum and the est lands fill to galerius and the west bonds fill to Constantius but he held him content with france and spain and granted the other lands to galerius Therefore Galerius ordained two caesars Maximinus in the est And severus in ytalye and held him content with Iliricum all one that is grece In the mean time dyoclysianus fond to slay constantinus that was the son of helen. But constantinus was ware of that guile and fled to his father ¶ That year saint george of capadocia that was tribunus in pierce at a cyte that heyte dyospolis that is besides joppen. And he was martyred under dacianus the jug/ By doom of the counsel of nycene his legend is accounted for writing that is called Apocryfa Trevisa ¶ Apocrifa is a writing of none authority by cause thauthor thereof is unknown Thenne it followeth in thistory ¶ Aftre that gains was martyred marcellinus' was pope eight year ¶ Dioclysianus compe●lyd him sometime & he assented to do sacrifice to mawmettes but afterwards in counsel that was made in campania. he knouleched his trespaas to fo●e nine score Bishops and clothed himself in here and threw powder and dust on his owen heed and submytted him to stand to the doom and judgement of the bishops ¶ Thenne the bishops said thou hast forsake/ and peter forsook and was deemed of none other man but went out and wept bitterly and sore/ therefore dame thou thyself/ ¶ And I said he dame that I be deposed and set down And I acoorse all them that bury my body in holy buryels ¶ Afterwards he knowleched before dyoclysianus that he was a cristen man and so he was beheaded and his body lay thirtty days in the street unburied/ And seint peter appeared in a night to marcellus the priest that was pope after marcellinus' and said to him in this manner ¶ Marcelle why buriest thou not my body/ by which he understood marcellinus' body/ haste thou not red that every man that loweth and meketh him shall be made high ¶ Thenne bury him thou fast by me. that buryels depart us not/ for one grace hath made us rightful/ Beside lyngons Constantius Augustus slough sixty thousand almains·s for he was closed within the cyte and late out by a roope over the wall unwitting the host Galerius was overcome of narsus and fly to dyoclysianus. And me saith that he was received of him in the way with so great booste and triumph that dyoclysianus ran by galerius chare many long mile clothed as an emperor Marc ¶ After the passion of marcellinus' the pope· the see was void many days/ And then marcellus Was pope five year/ he ordained in the cyte fyften cardinals for the service of crystning and burying Maximianus themperour made this pope keep beestes for he would not do sacrifice to mawmettes. then in a night his clerks lad him out of the stable/ and in the brood way he hallowed an house and made thereof a church/ And maximianus made of the church a stable and closed marcellus in the common ward for he should eft keep beestes and there marcellus deyde clothed in here/ After him eusebius the physician was pope eight months R ¶ By the chronic of eusebius and of beda this eyghten year of dyoclysianus was the first year of the great persecution that was under dyoclysianus in the eest and maximianus in the west ¶ That persecution was greatest and lengest during for it dured ten year continuelly· for though dyoclysianus and maximianus left and yield up th'empire in the thyrdde year of this persecution as it is said to fore hon/ yet the persecution that was bygonne seced not to fore the seventh year of the great constantin/ Me saith that this persecution was so grievous & so great that churches & books of god's law were brent/ & within one month in diverse places of the world were xvij thousand ●oly men & women crowned with martyrdom/ no man should buy ne sell ne take up water of any place but if he did sacrifice to maumetrie That time were martyred many noble martres pancracius the first felicianus sebastianus felix & audacius seven brethren & her mother be done grysogonus & the iiij that been called quatuor coronati. Also vyncent george and pantaleon/ vitus modestus ciprianus & iustina cosmas and damianus & that child Barala/ fidis & Eufenna Lucia/ Anastasia· Agne● and gorgonius and all in one Cyte in frigia Beda libro· capitulo sexto ¶ That time saint Albon was martyred in brytayne· of him fortunatus the pree●st in libro quem de laud virginum intitulavit speaketh in this manner  
The plentynous ●rytayne bringeth forth the noble albon When this Albon was a paynym he l●dged a cristen man and was converted by his loore and took upon him the habit of the clerk and came to fore the jug and was dampened to the death And converted moche folk fast by the broken that was dreyed by his prayers/ 〈◊〉 And afterward on the top of the hill where as he deyde/ he made by his prayers a well spring out of the earth. And turned the tormentors that should slay him to the faith of holy church/ he was martyred fast by the cyte verolanium that hete in englysshe verlamchestre or watlyngchestre  
Beda ¶ That time come up Arrians heresy that enfected not only the great lands of the world. but also the Ilondes of the world that been alway ready to here new things and hold no thing certain ¶ Dioclisianus and maximianus forsook th'empire and lad a private life that one at nychomedia and that other at melan ¶ Melchiades was pope four year he forbade fasting on the sunday and an the thursday for paynems worshipen thilk days ¶ Galerius was emperor one year and ordained twain caesars malitius and severus· ¶ Beda libro primo That time con●tancius deyde at york in Brytayne/ the year of his pryncipate x●ij ¶ And left after him his oldest son gotten on helen that was constantyn king of brytayne and france   

¶ Capitulum 26  
WHile constantyn died nobly and bore him myghtly/ and strongly the knights of the pretory at Rome took maxencius herculius son & called him augustus/ then galerius Augustus sent severus that he had made cesar with all his host against him to rome. severus besieged the cyte & was bytrayed by falsehood of his own knights and fled to Ravenna & theridamas was slain Herculius maxencius father heard thereof & broke out/ of his hudels and would be empepour. and died his best for to prive maxencius of might and of power/ therefore he & galerius comforted dyoclisianus for to take 〈◊〉 dygnytees that he had left. And he setted not thereby but answered and said/ would god that you might see wortes in mine honde in salon/ Sikerly thenne would you not dame that I should take this again ¶ Thenne herculius for stryf of knights was openly sorry and aferd· & went in to france for to reve byneme and take th'empire with treason from constantyn that had wedded his doughter· but he was bewreyed by the same daughter fausta constantinus's wyf and fled to marselle and was there slain Thenne galerius 〈◊〉 licinius emperor at tarent the worst of all men in covetise. sharpest in lechery and most enemy to lettred men/ he called lettres common pestilence/ And the main of the palace he called spadones that is to say ghelded men. And also he called 'em mowhthes and rats of the palace/ When galierius had pursiewed 〈◊〉 grieved men ten year. thenne his breast rooted withyn and by cause phisiciens might not endure the stench of him/ he slough of 'em full oft/ In a time a physician said to him th●● this meschyef was gods wratthe and wretch/ Thenne he sent out maundementes and reconseyled cristen men that were exy●●d· and thenne he deyde After melchiad●s siluestre was pope four and twenty year He crystned the great constantyn 〈◊〉 cleansed him of his meselrye in his crystning ¶ Also he delivered the cyte of Rome of the pestilence of the dragon. by his prayer he raised a deed bull to life. he overcome the jews in disputision/ he made the first gre●● counseylle at nycen/ there were four honderd bishops and eyghten ¶ He had the names of pour men of widows of faderles and Moderles children written in a book and fond hem what them needed/ he ordained to fast the wednesday friday and saturday ¶ Also he ordained that the thyrsday should be worshipped as the sunday/ for that day cryst ordained the sacrament of his body/ And on a thursdaye he ascended up in 〈◊〉 nene/ And holy crysme and oil is hallowed on a thursday 〈◊〉 ¶ Gir/ p. Thenne constantyn in his seventh year went toward a batayle against maxencius and saw in his sleep the sign of the cross shining in heaven. as it were brenning layte of fire And angels stood beside and said/ Constantyn· Thoycanata. that is to say by thi● token thou shalt have the victory  
¶ Thenne he awoke and made peynte the sign and token that he had seen in the banners and pennons of his knights/  
¶ at last Maxencius was overcome atte bridge pount milinum/ And constantyn went to Rome and made peynte the sign and token of the cross in the right hands of the images that the senators had areysed in the worship of his triumphis and of his victory/ and he made write underneath/ this is the sign and token of that god of life that may not be overcome Gaufr and Alfrd Constantyn went out of brytayn to th'empire of Rome ¶ Thenne octavius duke of the jewesses warrayed in brytayne and took the kingdom ¶ Constantyn herd thereof and sent on trahern the came of his mother helen with three legyons of knights against octavius/ but hem byfell diverse haps so that in diverse times one had the maistrye/ and eft that other An● so trahern was slain by fraud and gyle And so octavius reigned unto the time of gracianus & valentinianus themperours Gir de p ¶ After that maxenaus was overcome constantyn was smeton with a strong lepre or meselrye ¶ R As it is wreton in legenda sanctorum in siluestris life  
Somme suppose that constantyn was smeton with meselrye for wretch of persecution and tarauntrye that he used poursiewed & grieved cristen men· during that persecution siluester among other fled out of the cyte. But without any doubt for what cause it ever were that he was smeten with meselrye/ It is sooth that siluestre he led him of it/ Gir ubi supra/ By counsel of the senators & of the bishops of misbelieved men were brought/ iij/ M· small children that should have be slain and costantyn should have been wasshen in the warm blood of the children for to hele him of his lepre/ when the king saw the moders of the children weep and make great sorow· thenne he said/ the dignity of th'empire cometh of the well of mildness For it is deemed that he should dygh that sleeth a child in battle ¶ De legenda sancti siluestri Thenne it were a cruel deed for too do to our own/ that we be forboden for to do the strangers/ what prouffyte is it to overcome strange men and be ourself overcome with cruelness Hit is the virtue of strength for to overcome strange men·s but but is the virtue of thews for to overcome vices and sin In that bat●●l w●● be stronger than they. but in this battle we been strenger than we oure self· Thenne late mildness have the maystrye in this ●●yng that we mow the better have the maystrye of our eaemyes For it is better to us for to die and save the children's life than to gete a greet cruel life by the death of Innocent children/ ¶ And yet it is not certain that we shall save our life/ but it is certain that if it were so saved it were a cruel life/ then the next night after peter and paul appiered to him and said. For thou were agrysed and aghast and sparedest to shed the children blood take to. the counsel of heel and of salvation/ ¶ Send after siluestre that hideth him in the mount sarapt and make him come to the. and when he was brought he showed the king the images of thappostles peter and paul that had appiered to him in his sleep Thenne he fasted eight days and made him cathecuminus And was crystned atte last and knowleched that he had seen crist ¶ Trevisa/ Cathecuminus is he that learneth the faith of holy church and is in will to be crystned R ¶ But Ambrose & jerome in a cronyque tellen that constantyn abode with his bapteme to his last days that he might be crrystned in jordane. ¶ Thenne when constantyn was crystned/ he made the prisons to be opened & let the prisoners go out And temples and mawmettes were destroyed/ And church doors opened old churches amended and new churches builded- And he granted to churches freedom and privileges. and ordained that the bishop of Rome should be highest of all bisshopes and gave the tenth deal of all his possession to churches/ but at the reparayling of s●int Peter's church he went with a mattok and opened the first earth and bore cleye to the work on his shoulders/ ¶ Giraldus ubi supra From that time forward by cause of the great richesse that the church of Rome had it was made the more secular And had more secular business than spirituel devotion/ And more pomp and boost outward than holiness within forth as it is supposed Therefore it is wreton that when constantyn had made that yefte to the church's. the old enemy cried openly in thair This day venom is healed and shed in holy church Therefore jerome in vitas patrum seyth· sith that holy church increased in possessions/ it is decreced in virtues ¶ Also themperour in the palace lateran builded a church in th● worship of saint john and made therinne a font stone of a manner stone that hete porphiriticus and arrayed it within with silver ¶ And in the myddel thereof was a pyler that bore a viol of gold with balm brenning alway ¶ In legenda siluestri ¶ Silvester hallowed this church the ix day of November ¶ That day was the image of our sanyoury painted on the wall by god's own werk and by no man's deed. that image was s●en of all men/ And is there yet unto this time Siluestre ordained to arere in all churches auters of stone but in that church he stamblysshed an auter of tree that was therinne afore ¶ Men say that peter & his successors song masses upon that auter For holy church was so strongly poursued to that time/ that the bishop had no certain abiding in the cyte of Rome/ but they song masses in hollow caves and dens where they might best upon hollow auter of tree which was born about Helen was in brytayne and herd how her son sped and sent him lettres and praised him moche by cause he had forsake mawmetrye. but she praised him not in that he worshipped and believed in a man that was nailed to the crosse· themperour written again to his mother that she should bring maystres of jews that the sooth might be known by disputation ¶ Thenne Helen brought forth seven score wisemen of jews and Sylvester come against 'em ¶ And two wisemen that were no Jews ne crysten men were ordained by common assent for to dame the sooth/ Thenne the jews were overcome· And after that they had long disputed one of the jews spoke certain words in a wild booles eere. and the bull died anon: thenne anon men reproved siluestre and he said it is not god's name that he had nempned/ For god sleeth and yeveth life as it is wreton/ I shall slay and I shall make things live and be a live. But this hath named the devils name that may not but slee· & yet not ●●at by sufferance of god/ For lions and wild beestes may slay. but they may not make things that they flee to live ag●●ne Thenne if he will that I believe on him late him areyse the bull fro death to life that he hath slain And by cause he might not areyse the bull that he had slain the jews promised that they w●●d believe in criste if siluestre might areyse the bull from death to life/ Thenne by the prayers of siluestre the bull was raised from death to life/ and helen the que and the jews and the jugges believeden all in crist/ then constantyn sent his mother helen to jerusalem for to bring thence the ● holy cross/ Ambrose saith that this helen was an hosteler at Trevere in France and constantinus cezar wedded her for her beauty/ but the story of Brytons telleth that she 〈◊〉 coelus daughter king of brytayne as it is said to fore honde ¶ This helen came to jerusalem and fond there the holy cross and departed it and left one part in jerusalem and brought to her son that other deal and the four nails and she died do▪ put twain of them in her sons brydel And the thirdde in an image of the road/ And she threw the fourth nail in to the see adriaticus that was to fore honde a sw●lo●●ful perilous to seyle by And so sith that time the fist of invention of the holy cross hath been holden· then themperour went from Rome to bysanus and called after his own name constantinople and made fair that cyte feir houses and churches and with d●gnyte of patriarch and brought thither thee noblest of Rome Gir ubi supra  
In the beginning of holy church were but three patriarchs as it were in stead of Abraham. Ysaac and jacob. One was at antiochia in asia Another was in Allexandria in Affryca/ And the thyrdde was at Rome in europa/ these three peter hallowed. by his own sitting/ In twain thereof he was Bishop himself/ But his disciple marcus held the thyrdde at Al●●●ndria in Peter's name/ After 〈◊〉 the synodus nycena had yeven that privilege to the Bishop of Rome that he should be above all other bishops as themperor is above all kynges·s And that he should be called pope as the chief father/ And the right of the patriarch was turned to constantinople as it were to the second Rome The other se●s of patriarchs were chaunged· the see of antiochia to jerusalem And the see of Alexandria to Aqu●●ia And it is supposed that the cause thereof was for wicked cristen men should be take in to the land of misbelieved men. and so it should follow that they should lose the holy places ¶ Eusebius in historia ecclesiastica libro decimo Constantynus died to god almyghtyes p●●estes great reverence and worship ¶ Therefore when the bishops were assembled in the Synod of nycena by commandment of constantyn and by counseylle of siluestre for to declare the faith of holy church ¶ Many of 'em plained each upon other and put up bills to themperour for he should do 'em right Themperour saw that holy church for the which the bisshoppis were comen might lightly be l●tte by such plaints & strif Therefore he set●e 'em a certain day after the synod and counsel for to make an end of all thilk causes and playntes·s But he brent privily all thilk bills of hem that made plaints & said ¶ God hath ordained you as it were gods to be your own I●gges. ¶ Therefore I hold that it were unsitting that we that should be deemed of you should dame you that been gods But in holy church among you self trete you of your errors & defawtes so that no thing be known outward that is v●semely to your holiness And if you will needs strive Abide you the doom of god almighty as the psalm saith/ God stood in the sinagoga of gods Certainly if I saw● any of your order sin with a woman. I would covere him with my· mantel by cause that for none men should have occasion to speak evil of your religion ¶ Therefore brethren trete you more of the faith of holy church/ for therefore you been comen  
And when this was said he threw the bills in to the fire & brent hem That year saint martin was ybore And thenne the twellyfth year he was made cathecuminus that is he that learneth the faith of holy chirche·/ ¶ In the xuj year he was made knight/ And the xviij year he was made y crystned. And was knight after that two year under juliamnus/ ¶ In the synod of nycena were three honderd and eyghten bishops ¶ That synod was made sixteen days to fore the month of evil in the cyte of nycene in bythinia And it was made against the Arrians/ fotmos/ and the sabellians' saint nycholas was at that synod/ though it was ordained that the fasting of the lente that tho fo● hand dured fro the six●h day of janyver to the xv day of feverer should bygynne and dure as it is now used/ And that for three causes/ the first cause for our fasting should be coupled to the time of crystes passion: the second for we should in th'end of our fasting ●esseyue crystes body in clean life The thyrdde for our lord should find us fasting ¶ Hyderto Eusebius and pamphilius written the story ecclesias●ica which is called historia tripertita Thenne jerome writeth forth that story unto the young theodosius time/ And th●●●erus the bishop writeth that story all out ¶ Arnobius re●horicus was flowering this time in Africa. he was driven to 〈◊〉 faith of holy church as it were by suevenes and the bishop of the place would not receive him oer he had made clear books of the faith and deliver them as for plegge of his true faith ¶ Iwencus the priest written the gospels to the church of Rome in verses of six feet/ After siluester marcus was pope viij months ¶ He ordained the bishop hostiensis should use a pall and also sacre the pope To this marcus Athanasius bishop of Alexandria and other bisshopes of egypte whiten for seventy chapitres that were publisshed in the synod of nycena ¶ In that epistle Athanasius knowleched that his books should be brent of the heretick● Arrians/ After marcus julius was pope sixten year. he was exiled in the second constantinus tyme· the bones of saint Andrew thappostle and of saint luke thevangelyste were translated in to constantinople the great constantyn deyde at Nychomedia. And jerom was born. jerome in historia tripertita saith that constantin in his last days was crystned again of one eusebius bishop of nychomedia that was of the Arrians ¶ And so Constantyn fill in to the evil loore of the arrians/ But that is understanden of the second constantyn/ this constantines son namely for saint gregory in his Regyster writeth to maurice the emperor and callyth constantyn the emperor of good mind And in the story tripertita his ●nde is approved And Ambrose upon the fourten salme saith that he was a man of great merit and mede· And allowed afore god/ And ysidre in his cronyke saith that he made a gracious ende· And also the greeks maketh a feast of him the eleventh day of may   

¶ Capitulum 27  
COnstancius the great constantyns' son reigned after his father's death with his brethren Constantyn and Constant six and twenty year/ he was byspronge with Arrius heresy and despised churches and chased Crysten men and exiled julius the pope fourten year/ and chased athanasius bishop of Alexandria as it were in to all the world That year Arrius the heretic by help of themperour 〈◊〉 to constantinople to church for to strive against crysten men And turned by Constantius place for to cleanse his belly ¶/ And he voided out his bowels & so he died there meschevously ¶ That year julius the pope bygan to come again out of the country of cerso ●here he had been for to destroy Arrius heresy ¶ Thenne he was warned by an angel that he should translate clements body/ And while he died as the angel bad/ the see withdrew him as he wa● wont on saint clementis day/ And 〈◊〉 body was set upon the brink of the see/ And there is builded a church/ And anon the buriels that was lef● in the see with the earth about aroos up and by came an ylond and sith men come to that ylonde by ships & botes and there is builded a church/ That year paul the first heremyte deyde in egypte the year of his age an honderd/ and xiij  
¶ Eusebius in historia eccl●●●astica libro 21 ¶ That year was strong persecution against Athanasius/ for he had a scholar that hete Arsemus he had trespaced and d●●d the chastysing of his master and fled and hid him in hiding places/ Athanasius his enemy● told that Athanasius bore with him thi● scholar his arm for to use wytchecraft there with ¶ Atte ●aste these tidings came to Arsenius there he was hide. the day tofore that this master should come to his answer Arsenius come to his master but he hide him eft as his master bade/ And the strength 〈◊〉 the unwylful corruption was received thereby Thenne Athanasius mad● a sign to his priest tymotheus/ that he should answere· Thenne the priest asked busily if he were the same man that the woman spoke of· and she affirmed stydfastly that it was so Thenne it was son known that thaccusation was false & not true/ After this athanasius was exiled as it were in to all the world about so that he had no sicker place for to dwell in/ therefore two year to geders he dwelled in a pond that was without water/ so that uneath he saw the son all that while. but there he was bewreyed by a young woman/ and then coude he find no syker place in all Constantius kingdom Thenne he went to constant Caesar'S lands and there he was so●oured a while with one maximus bishop of treverent. And in that while he made the simbolum quicumque vult salus esse ¶ Atte last constant cesar sent lettres to his brother constanci●s/ And athanasius was restored again to his bisshoprych/ But constant cesar deyde & then athanasius fell again in great hate & wrath in so moche that great rewardis were promised to 'em that would bring hi● or slay him and bring forth his heed ¶ Thenne in julius the ampostatas time Athana●●●● 〈◊〉 eft and rowed by the river Nilus Thenne one that was set for to take him poursiewed him. And Athanasius was waar thereof and turned his boat toward the clyf again as it were ●or to meet with his enemy but his enemy could not believe/ that he that fled fro him would so meet with him/ And therefore he axed of Athanasius that sat in his boat/ if he had seen Athanasius. he passith not far tofore. said Athanasius and so his enemy was beguiled & passed forth dayles/ Sapor king of pierce besiege the cite nisibm two moneth●s/ and by the prayer of saint Jame that was Bishop of that cyte/ the snowtes of oly●●untes and his horse eresw●●e so full of gnats and of great ●yes that they threw a down all that was upon hem and disparcled all thost/  
¶ saint nycholas deyde. at his ●●mbe sprang out a well of oil atte his heed/ and a well of water at his feet Atte last his bones were translated to larrus the year of our lord a thousand four score and seven. ¶ After julius liberius was pope 〈◊〉 yere· He was outlawed three year/ for he would not favour the Arriaus ¶ In the mean time by his counsel the clergy of Rome ordained felix pope. this felix made a counseyl with eight and forty bishops/ there he condemned and put of two preestes Arrians Vrsacius and val●nt/ ¶ Constancius the emperor h●rd thereof and reconciled liberius for him seemed that he was esyer to the arrians Thenne liberius as he that was overcome with the grief of exiling and gladded for he was pope again assented to heresy and put down f●lix and heelde the churches of pe●er and paul and of laurence violently and wi●h stre●g●he/ so that clerks and preestes that favoured Fel●x were slain in the church and liberius forbade it not Felix was martred vyctorinus the Rethour and donatus the grammarians were hold great men in Rome/ ¶ Antonius the monk deyde in egypte the year of his age an honderd and five saint hillarye bishop of peytres by conspyracy of the bishop Arelatensis an Arrian was exyl●d three year in Frigia/ there he written noble boo●●s of our religion At Selencia in Isauria was made a counseyl ¶ There was put up a bylle to themperour that hillarye had made and hillarye had lene to come again home in to peytow Marc ¶ Me useth for to say of this hillarye that leon the p●pe that was an here●k said to him in the counsel of bisshops· th●● art gallus and not of gallina ¶ Trevisa Gallus is a 〈…〉 is a frenssheman· thenne be meant that hillarye was a frenssheman/ Thenne it followeth in the story▪ hillarye should say thou art a lion but not of the lineage of juda ¶ Also in the counsel of bishops noman aroose against pillory and hillarye said the earth is our lords/ Thenne the earth aroos in the manner of a tote for to receive hillary● But this is founden in no cronyke that is auctentik By cause no pope w●s called leon in hillares' time/ but if liberius the pope that favoured heretyks or some falls pope wa● called l●on   

¶ Capitulum 28  
When Constantius was deed/ julianus Apostata that wa● cesar was made emperour· And was emperor as it were two year In his time were martyred Pygmeus the priest that had been tofore julianus master/ johan and paul and quiriacus that hete judas bishop of jerusalem· for he had fond the cross. R Of this julianus it is red undecimo libro history tripertite that Constantius the great constantinus brother had two sons one gallus and this julianus· ¶ But when the great constantyn was deed his son Constantius was emperor And made his eme gallus cesar ¶ But afterward for suspection of his great wit he made him be slain at histria/ ¶ And therefore this julianus gallus brother dr●d jest he should be slain and bycame a monk and made him full pop holy under monkis habit Therefore a woman brought him to keep three st●n●s full of gold coverid above with ashes/ But julianus took the gold and delivered to the woman the stenes full of ashes/ ¶ And when the gold was taken a way julianus could not be convict for the witnesses that were present atte rece●uyng of them saw no thing/ but ashes/ And so julianus took the gold & went to Rome· And died so moche that he was consul/ And atte last he gate him th'empire and was emperor. This julianus in his childhood learned nygrom●ncy and wytchecraft. and on a time as his master was out he radde in his books of that craft And there came before him a great multitude of fendes And ●e dread him sore and made the sign of the crosse· And anon all the fendes vanished away/ And so he told his master when he came home· And his master said that the fendes hated most the sign of the cross julianus came to Rome and a fiend showed him to him by th● doing of a wytche: And promised him th'empire if he would forsake cristen faith/ And so it was done ¶ Thenne Constantius made him cesar & sent him in to France there he died many vyctoryes/ and gate a crown of laureal that hinge between two pylers & broke the rope that the crown hinge by & was ryally crowned with that crowen· They that saw that told that it was a token that he should be emperor when Constantius was deed julianus was made emperor/ & he fonded to please all men ¶ Therefore in the beginning of his empire he granted that every man should hold what faith be would. But he destroyed the sign of the cross with all that b● might/ And supposed thereby for to gete to him most grace of fendes/ Thenne he opened temples/ and died sacrifice to mawm●●● One's while he died so due fill upon his clotheses and upon 〈◊〉 other man's clotheses that there were in the likeness of the cross/ In another time in the bowels of a bearest that was slain to sacrifice was found the shap of the cross byclypped about with a crowne· the mynystres saw that/ and said that the victory of Christ's cross lasteth with outen end But julianus sykeled with hem & said that that was a token of constraining of Christ's loore. & that it should never pass the wydenes of the 〈◊〉 ¶ Also he died sometime sacrifice at constantinople and calcedonius the bishop was blind for age and reproved julianus sharply ¶ Thy man of galyle said julianus might not save the fro blindness/ thereof I thank him said the bishop that he hath bynome my sight that I should not see the prived of all mildness ¶ Also at Antiochia he gathered to geders the holy vessels/ and to wails of the Auter & defowled 'em with the filth of his ars·s And anon wromes sprang out thereof & frate so julianus neither end that he might never be delivered thereof while he was a live ¶ Also his styward pyssed upon vessels of the church and said/ Lo in what vessels maries son is served And anon his mouth bycame his ar● and served afterward in stead of his neither end ¶ Also julianus for hate of Crysten men bygan to build the temple of jerusalem upon his own cost/ But all that was build a day/ earth shaking threw down a night Also fire come out of the temple and destroyed moche folk/ And in the night after the sign of the cross was seen upon all men's clotheses. ¶ Also julianus put out of his court ennuches that is ghelded men Barbours' and cook's Ennuches for his wyf was deed and he had wedded none other after her. he died away cooks for he used simple metes and barber's for one might serve many men/ He made many books and blamed therinne his predecessors/ In that he died away cooks and barber's He died as a philosopher and not as a prince: In that he blamed princes he died not as a philisopher n●r as a prince/ Thenne julianus went down in to pierce as it is red in vitas patrum & sent a fiend in to the west lands for he should bring him worthiness/ but the fendes was ten days let of his journey by one publius a monk that was alway in his beads so that the fiend brought none answer again/ when fendes had promised him victory of the perses his sophistris axed in this manner of a crysten man. what supposest thou doth your god now that carpenters son The cristen man answered and said he maketh a buryels for thy master julianus ¶ julianus went in to pierce and come unto cheysisont and besieged there the king of the country and forsook some of the knigdome that was proffered to him ¶/ For he trowed that the great alysandres soul was put in his body by the moving of pyctagoras and of plato that said/ that the souls of mankind passed from bodies to bodies/ But a dart came suddenly and stycked in his side and therewith he ended his life ¶ R Eutropius and orocius libro sexto tellen that julianus went in to pierce and was lad in wild places by gyle and fraud of one that was outlawed And there he was one room with travail of the gravel with▪ thirst and with hete of the sonne· and so an horseman of his enemies smote him with a spear and he deyde/ Also it is ●●dde in basilius life that when julianus went in to pierce ward/ basileus was at cesarea in capadocia. and sent him a present of barley loves/ julianus beheld the loves and sent him hay again Hit is said that basyleus said then. We send to the such as we eat. but thou sendest to us such as beestes eten/ Thenne julianus said when I come again vyctour out of pierce/ I shall so destroy this cyte that it shall bear more hay than corn/ then basilius prayed for the salvation of the cyte/ & see by night in the middel of the church a great multitude of angels. & in the middel of 'em a woman sitting on a throne that said clepe to me mercurius the knight that shall take wrech for me & my sone· of this julianus that despiseth god. mercurius was a Christen knight that julianus had slain for the faith of holy church & was late buried in that church where as this sight was seen. & anon mercurius took his weepen that yet hinge in that church & went forth against julianus & stikked him in the middel of his body·s & vanisshed a weigh anon/ julianus drew out the blood of his sides & threw it abroad & said thou galilee man thou hast overcome/ & now I shall forsake thee/ fulfil thy silf after this/ basilius awoke & fond mercurius spear all bloody in the same church & his armure set in the same place· it was to fore/ after julianus ioninianus was emperor viij months a strong & a noble Christen maniulianus had commanded that Christen knights should do sacrefyce to mawmettes/ or forsake her knighthode/ But anon this fordyde that bond/ For when the knights ●●ough him for to be emperor with strengthe· he cryede and said that he a Crysten man would be emperor of paynims When that was heard all the knights were made crysten men ¶ Also this was driven to by great need and yaf a great deal of mesopotania to sapor king of pierce Thenne be dead. whether it were for evil smell of his chambre that was made of new lime and heavy to rest therin·s Or of to many cools that he made set a fire for the great cold.   

¶ Capitulum 29  
UAlentinianus with his brother valent reigned eleven yere· This was gentle and curtoys. For when the host laboured to give him a fellow of th'empire. he answered and said/ ¶ O knights it was yours to yeue me the kingdom and now I have received it· it is mine to think on the common prouffyte. And made his brother felaw of th'empire ¶ He overcome the saxons and the sarmates. his father gracian● was called funarius that is a roper· For he bore a roope that was for to sell/ and five knights might not wrest the roope out of his honde/ And therefore he was worthy to be take to knyhthode In a time valentinianus wyf praised the feyrnes of justina And therefore valentinianus wedded justina and gave a law that every man that would should wed two wives. In this emperors time the earth quoke in all the world and the See aroose and passed the clives and destroyed many cities/ After liberius damasus was rope nyneten year this was a fair maker of metre· And written verses upon tombs that he fond of holy saints/ And ordained also that by day▪ and by night psalms should be said in queor· and that one verse should be said on one side and the other verse in that other side/ And that gloria patri should be said on each psalms end/ ¶ And by comfort of this pope jerom translated the bible out of hebrew in to latin/ & amended also the psauter of the lxx interpretes that thenne was used for the most part in all churches: & that sauter was eft apeyred & he translated new again/ & damasus the pope ordained that to be song in the cyte of rome & in the churches of france & therefore the sauter is called the frenssh sauter psatelrium gallicanun yet he made the thyrdde translation of the sawter word forword That year deyde saint hillarye bishop of peytow unto the song that the angel song gloria in excelsis· he put to laudamus te/ benedicimus te· Adoramus te/ and so forth ¶ saint dydimus of Alexandria that lost both his eyen after the fifth year of his age and heard one's red in the church that word of the gospel What man may not do god may not do ¶ Thenne he was so busy about the light of his soul that he had parfyght knowlech of seven arts and was made doctor & made & expowned many books by notaryes and writers saint martin was made bishop of turone the year of his age lxj and was Bishop there xxuj year The great basile bishop of cesarea in capadocia is deed Among his other great deeds of virtue he reconciled a youngling to god almighty that had oblyged himself to the devil for the love of a wenche· and gate again the chartre of his oblygation Also joseph a jew was connyngest of all physicians. And Basyle lengthened this joseph's life one day and turned him to the faith of holy church/ And he made and instituted the rule of monks and many other holy treties ¶ saint Ambrose a man of the dignity of consuls while he spoke to the peple· he was made bishop of melan/ for the voys of a child that cryede that he should so be ¶ saint patrick in this time was born/ his father hete calprun which was a priest and a dekens son that heyte fo don patrikes mother hete conches martyns sister of gallia that is france/ In his crystning he was called sucat/ And seint germane called him magonius/ And celestinus the pope called him Patrick that is to say father of cyteseyns ¶ Valentinianus Augustus was strongly moved against the messengers of the sarma●es And deyde in a manner outbreking of his veins/ and is an evil that greeks clepe Apoplexia. That time in egypte were noble faders in her flowers pastor pambo/ and twain either hete macharius Arsenius· Paphinisius Agatho moyses/ joseph enagrius & theodorus. Pambo would learn no more of the sawter than one verse that he had herd oer he had fulfilled that verse· This was the verse▪ Dixi custodiam vias meas ut non delinquam in lingua mea that is to saye· ¶ I have said I shall keep my ways that I trespass not in my tongue  
Pambo said that uneath he fulfilled this verse in nine and forty year ¶ The two Macharyes/ one of Egypte that other of Allexandria were both noble men in abstynence· & in loore/ A woman that was with child defamed falsely one of them and said that he had brought her with child/ but she might never be delivered of child/ ere she had told the troth ¶ Arsenius was a senator of Rome and parfyght in the languages of latyn and of grue and made himself a monk ¶ In a time he heard a voys that said to him Arsenius flee fro men & keep silence and thou shalt be saved ¶ Also he ●are alway a sudary in his bosom for to wipe away the tears that ran often fro his eyen ¶ Therefore the here of his eyen lyddes fell all of for great weeping In the ester even when the son went to rest/ he turned his face toward the West and work all that night in his prayers unto the time that he saw the son arise erly by the morrow. And thenne he was weary of waking and called to him sleep and said/ come forth evil servant. And so he rested a little sitting/ for he would say that it were ynowgh for a monk that fighteth against temptations for to sleep one hour in the night and day ¶ In a time his father's testament was brought to him/ in the which testament he was made his father's heyer/ then he answered and said that he was dread to fore his father/ how might he thenne that should die make me his heir that was deed afore ¶ Also he would not lightly meet ne speak gladly with any man. ne send lettres and comynly he fled their company and said that he might not be at one's with god and with men· neither he moved lightly questions of holy wryt/ but of sterynges of the soul and temptations. he would gladly speak and yet he was a noble clerk and cunning in questions of holy writ/ therefore in a time he went down for to speak with an old man of egypte for to appose him of thoughts Thenne some men seyden to him how mayst thou Arsenius that a●t so cunning of loore ax● for to learn of this old churl I have said he learned both latyn and grue/ but yet could I never the/ A/ B/ C/ of this churl/ And while Arsenius dwelled in the palace of rome. no man used better clotheses than he/ so while he was a monk was none fowler covered than he/ he had a long beard that hinge to his myddel & he lived in the older theodocius palace forty year after/ & in wilderness/ lv year/ Paphinicius thabbot took secular clothing & habyt & converted a common woman that hete tharsis/ he prayed thrice our lord that he would show him to whom he was like to in earth. thabbot pastor would not see his mother in earth for him was l●uer to see her in heaven thabbot Agatho bore a stone three year in his mouth for he would learn to be still and keep silence. he would no night sleep if he had any quarrel against any man or any man against him ¶ Thabbot Moses was once prayed for to come and dame a brother that had trespaced And he took and bore a pannier full of gravel on ●is back and said/ these be my sins that run after me/ And I go dame other men's sins and take none heed of mine own ¶ The father musius went for to visit a brother that was seek/ and made by his prayers the son stand still unto the time he had done all his offyce at full/ Also oft he blessed gravel that was brought him the which was sow in fields and the fields bade the more corn and fruit ¶ The Abbess Sara was thyrten year together inpugned and tempted of a fiend but she would not assente· Sara prayed not that the temptation should pass from her/ but that god would yeve her grace to withstand it ¶ Thenne the spyryt of fornication showed him to her sight and said/ Sara thou hast overcome me. Nay said she I have not overcome the· but my lord jesus that saveth hem/ that trust on him he hath overcome the  
Enemies brought forth an arm and it was axed of Athanasius for what use he had cut of that arm and he brought forth Arsenius that had both his arms and showed 'em both hoo●e and sound. And axed of the other men/ where they had that other arm that they showed there/ ¶ Also his enemies hired a woman that should say that she had oft lodged Athanasius  
R ¶ Thabbot Euarius macharius disciple written vitas patrum in Egypte as genadius saith in his book de viris illustribus/ Valens with his brother sons gracianus and valentinianus was Emperor four year/ his brother hete valentinianus. Also this valens was crystned again of the Arrians/ and poursiewed cristen men and gave a law that monks should do deeds of Arms or be beaten with staves·s And then were the monks martyred at Nitria in egypte. In a time the goths sent to this valens for to have crysten Bishops to teach 'em the rightful believe and he sent 'em bishops o the Arrians/ And therefore all the goths were infect and gleymed/ And therefore by gods rightful doom the knights of Rome were overcome by the goths. And this valens was chased out of Antiochia and was wounded with an a-row and fled in to an house & there was brent he and all his house and had no buryels   

¶ Capitulum 30  
ORacianus when he had reigned with his father valentinianus the older and with his eme valens/ then after the death of his eme he reigned with his brother valentinianus the younger and with theodosius of spain six year/ Beda libro primo capitulo 19/ This gracianus when he saw that the sta●● of thempire was almost fallen/ he made theodosius of spayn governor of th'empire in the ●est/ And anon theodocius overset the scythes/ the Alanes/ the hunes/ and the goths with great batails and strong and made p●es with Athanarius king of the goths. That time one pristyllianus of galls made an heresy of the loore of manychyes and of the Gnostyces/ And that heresy hath the name of hym· Tho was theophilus Bishop of Alexandria in his flowers/ And in damasus time the 〈◊〉/ was made a council at constantinople of seven score bishops and ten/ against macedonus the heretyk· he said the holy ghost is no god-there was made the credo that is song on sundays in the church/ After damasus siricins was pope fyften year/ he made a counseyl at constantinople of three honderd and fifty bishops for to declare the faith of holy church against heretics. Gaufredus and Alur octavius king of brytons we●e old and prayed one maximus the nephew of helen and senator for to come from Rome and take the kingdom of Brytayne and his daughter for he had no more children/ ¶ Conanus the kings nephew cast for to be king and was wroth therefore and was ●fte atte debate and at stryf with this maximus/ But at l●st they were full acorded and led with 'em all the armed knights for to war in the province Armorica that is little Brytayne/ there maximus fought with conanus and overcome him for he was put out of the third deal of th'empire/ Eutr & b●da/ li/ 1. Maximus was a noble man & a stalworth save that he died against his oath▪ by treason of knights he was made emperor in brytayne and went anon in to france & made france & germania subget by cruel batayls/ & slough graci●nus augustus that was suddenly afeard & fled in to lug●uu & chased gracianus brother valentinianus out of ytalye. Anon valentinianus fled to theodosius in the eest & was mildly restored again to his kingdom/ for son after by sleight of theodocius maximus was besieged in Aquilia/ & there put to death Gaufredus and Alfred In the mean time conanus duke of little brytayne had no will to wed frensshmen daughters and sent to dynotus king of cornewayle for to have wives to his people and anon he sent his daughter ursula with xj M virgins. somme of them were drowned in the see by tempest and storms/ And some of them were cast in to strange lands/ And the cursed dukes gwanius and melga slow many of them for they would not consent to their lechery. Guanius was king of hunes and melga king of pyctes ¶ Gracianus and valentinianus had sent them to the see costs for to slay the fauctours of maximus the tyrant There after these two cursed dukes gwanius and melga aspyed that maximus had lad all the chivalry out of brytayne/ and that Brytayne was void & helpless and without strength of chivalry/ then they gathered with 'em the side ylondes and occupied albania that is scotland Maximus the tyrant heard thereof and sent anon two legyons of knights with gracianus a knight that longed to Rome that went forth and chased the foresaid cursed dukes in to Irlond ¶ But this gracianus herd that maximus was slain. he made himself king of brytayne· and by cause he used to great tyrantrye he was slain of his own people. In his stead one constantinus of the lowest chivalry was choose/ not for worthiness of his virtue/ but for hope of his name only· he went anon in to france and did great harm to th'empire Therefore by commandment of honorius Augustus Constancius the Earl was sent in to france & slough constantinus at arelate with his son Constantius that th'earl geroncius had of a monk made cesar/   

¶ Capitulum 31  
THeodocius Gracianus's son when his father was slain reigned with his eme Valentinianus eleven year His father and mother were warned in her sle●pe/ that they should yeve him that name theodocius● for theodocius is yeven of god almighty/ he made never batayle by his good will but in every battle that he gave he had the victory In historia tripertita/ This the odocius used deeds of arms by day & rightful domes and causes of his subgettes/ & was occupied well nigh all night in his books Therefore it is rad that he had a candlestick made by craft of honde. so that the oil should r●nne in to the crysler without travail of theod●cius· for travail should not let him. And so he wythstode sleep and made kind travail by strength ¶ Also he was like traianus in all points meek and mild and soft to men and subget to god/ but he would lightly be wroth/ therefore he was taught of a philosooher that he should when he bygan to wax wroth say soft and by order four & twenty letteer of grue oer he should ordain aught that should grieve for so his thought should be occupied in somewhat else and his wrath should sense in passing of time In a time he would have entered in the queor of clerks at melan for to here mass And Ambrose forbade him unto the time that he had done his penance for the death of thyrtty knights that he had slain in wrath in constantinople ¶ Therefore the emperor died penance and ordained a law that the doom of princes upon thavysement of death should abide thyrtty days without execution for tabyde if it might be founde· or if it need were that the doom should be repelled or changed Victor the son of maximus the tyrant was slain of one Arbogastes/ About that time was a child ybore in the ca●tel of emaus that had twey bodies fro the navel upward two breasts/ two hedes & ten wits in either body five so that the one might eat or sleep though that other died neither eat ne sleep And when they had lived two year to guider that one deyde three days tofore that other ¶ Valentinianus Augustus/ was sorry of his life for the cruelness of Arbogaftes the master of knights and hinge himself with a suar in vian● in france Therefore Arbogast●s made one eugenius emperor in gallia ¶ Therefore theodocius axed counseyl of johan the heremyte at egypte and axed what ●●de the battle should take against eugenius/ And he said that he should have the vy●●●rye ¶ R That year deyde saint martin the bishop/ One severus sulpicius a priest of gyens written saint martin's life that was full of virtues and of goodness G●nadius de viris illustribus. saith that severus in his eld was beguiled of the heretyks pelagyens and was sorry therefore And for he had sinned with his speech he took silence upon him to his lives end for to punish that sin with sparing of speech Archadius theodocius son when his father was deed he reigned fourten year and heelde the eest lands. And his brother honorius held the west lands Claudianus the poet was that time flowering Conatus bishop of epirus spatte in a dragon's mouth & slough him/ six ●en oxen might unuethe drawe-that dragon to the place where he should be brent for he should not enfecte the eyer in the country about A great counseyl was made thenne in cartage/ ¶ Marc After Siricius anastasius was pope five year/ he ordained that a man that were wemmed in his body should receive none ordres/ and be ordained that every man should stand while the Gospel is a reading Beda libro primo capitulo decimo ¶ About that year pelagius a bryton had help of julianus bishop of campania which was to fore honde put down of his bisshopryche ¶ And pelagius brought up his heresy/ that said that a man's will & freedom of choice without god's grace is enough for to diss●rue meed and the bliss of heaven Also he said adam sin wemmed Adam all one and none other man ¶ Also he said that children been born as clean without sin as Adam was to fo●e oer that he had sinned And said that it needeth not to cristen children for to cleanse 'em of sin/ but for to worship 'em with the sacrament of adoption ¶ Trevisa Adoption is making of children in this manner if a man take a child that is not his and maketh him as it were his child and noryssheth and bringeth him up and amitteth him as his own child Thenne pelagius wot not what he sayth· for the child that is clean out of sin is verily god's child ¶ Thenne it followeth in the story saint Augustyn and other holy faders trauay●led manly against such heretyks· but they might not amend hem/ so saith prospero the rethour in his versis of six feet ¶ R Some men would suppose that this pelagius was abbot of that famous abbaye of bangor that was ten mile out of legecestre/ that is caerleon ¶ Men say that in that abbey sometime were two thousand monks ere the king of northumberland e●hellfrede had slain thylnk monks at caerleon ¶ After Anastasius Innocencius ablimensis was pope fourten year. he ordained for to fast saturday and for to kiss the pax at mass/ and for to anoint seek men with holy oil ¶ Alnso he condempnedd pelagius the heretic and his fauctours Alnso he accursed Archadius themperour for he was assenting to the putting out of one johan Crisostimus for thempress endexia had procured the putting out of johan/ for he had preached against women that played about the image of endoxia ¶ About that year saint Alexis the confessor deyde at Rome ¶ Benadius in his book de viris i● lustribus saith that about that time Ticonius of Africa written rules for to seche and find out the understanding of holy wryt the which rules been yet famous among holy doctors   

¶ Capitulum 32  
HOnorius when his brother archadius was deed reigned with his broders son theodocius xv year/ this was so mild that when me reproved him by cause he slow not 'em that were rebel to hym-he answered and said ¶ God would that I might reise deed men to live. Eutropius libro decimo ¶ The host of the Goths was slain in tuscia and her leder Ragadasius was take he came with ijC thousand of goths/ and had made his avow that he wold● offer the blood of the Roman in sacrifice to his gods Me saith that in that fighting were so many men y take that flocks of hem were sold at little pries as it were flocks of beestes ¶ In the mean time one of the goths that heat Alaricus out of Affryca went in to ytaly and asked a place of honorius for him and his men to dwell in/ And he granted be in gallia/ ¶ And as he went thyderward he was beset with some of themperours'emperors dukes in an hard battle that fill upon him unware on the eesterday but he tok heart and strength and overcome his enemies that so pursued 'em. And there he left his way that he had bygonne and turned again to Rome/ & destroyed all that he come by with iron and with fire/ and took the cyte of Rome and set it a fire ¶ Netheles he let cry that men should spare all men that fled to holy places and that his men should take prays and spare shedding of blood ¶ Paulus libro undecimo· ¶ And so Rome was brook and taken of the goths the year after the building thereof a thousand an C/ & lxiiij After that time the consulat of rome left in the est And the Romayns seceden to regne in Brytayn that had reigned therinne from julius Caesar'S time about a four honderd and lxx year ¶ Eutropius ¶ The thyrdde day after that Rome was take Alaricus left the cyte and destroyed the province about and went in to Cicilia and lost many ships and was suddenly deed ¶ There the goths by travail of prisoners turned the river basentus out of the channel and buried her king with great riches in the myddel of the channel. And turned the river again in to his own channel/ Thenne the goths took one athulfus king Alaricus a lie and made 'em her king and went again to Rome and destroyed all that there was left. Also that time lightening destroyed the noble places of Rome that enemies might not brenne· god was despised in all the cyte/ And men cryede to crist and said that such myshappes fill to the cyte by cause the holy places of gods forgendered and alterid/ But the goths took one galla placida. theodocius daughter and honorius sister and married her to her own king/ She was so profitable to the comynte that the goths made peace with the Romayns and left Rome and went to ●llia/ ¶ About that time were founden the bodies of saint steven and of gamalyel an● of her fellows by one lucianus a priest of  That time saint Austyn sent his disciple Orocius in to bethlehem to saint jerom for to lorne the reason of the soul. for thenne he made the book of the coming forth of the soul/ And orosius went abo●●e the holy places and was the first that brought the relics of seyn● steven in to the west londes·s Also thenne honorius made Constantius cesar/ and married his sister Gallia placida to Constantius & she was married tofore to Athulphus On her Constantius gate valentinianus that afterward held the empire long time/ After Innocencius zozinius was pope two year and six months/ he ordained that a bond man should not be a clerk ner a ghelded man/ & that the holy taper should be hallowed on ester eve/ After zozinius lonefacius was pope four year He ordained that no woman should wash ne handle the towails of the auter ne do ensense in the censer. Gaufredus and Alfr. Thenne the death of maximus the tyrant the knight that longed to Rome was known and also the death of Constantius was known And the for said enemies Guanius and melga come again out of Irlond with scots and Norweys and brent & slow in the kingdom of brytayne fro see to see/ therefore the britons scent to the Romans and promised to be subget alway for to have help. Anon honorius sent 'em a legyon that destroyed their enemies and taught the Brytons to make a wall thwert over the ylond to hold out their enemyes·s the Legyon went again and the men of the ylonde were uncunning of so great craft and made a wall of tur●es and of stone that was no thing proufytable which dured fro penulton unto the cyte ac●ut/ So that where the succour of the water failed men should defend 'em by the help of the wall/ but enemies came by water & destroyed and took prays fro year to year as they died to fore/ Thenne the Romayns sent a legyon y armed and s●●we and chased the enemies and made up a wall of stone to 〈◊〉 tritons of eight foot thyck and twelve foot high from see to see between cities/ there severus had sometime made a dyche and a wall of tornes. And the Romayns bad and charged the Brytons to leave their cowardyce and nycete and to take Armure and courage as men should for they were so occupied in other sides that they might no more come fro so far to be with hem in so great travail and journeys/ ¶ Thenne they made a wall of stone on the common cost and also on privy cost that men gave thereto. And had with 'em the strength of Brytons and took to hem armure and builded towers on the clives of thoccean in ● diverse places·s where as men dread tharriving and landing of strange men and enemies Thenne the romayns bad the Brytons far well as they would never come again Gildas ¶ When the Romayns were goon thenne the scots and Pyctes bygan to break out of her hooles The scots and pyctes discorden in manners but they accord in clothing and faith and in covetise of shedynge of blood/ they coue●e ● their privy members more with here than with cloth/ when they knew that the legyons of Rome were returned. they destroyed thends of brytayn more boldly than they had done to fore· B●da ¶ They slow the wardeyns of the walls and other men of the londe· And the men of the loud were driven out of her house and her home and gave hem to theft and robbery and rob ec●e other for succour of the paryll of hunger that they saw that should byfalle to them And so fill death upon death and sorrow upon sorrow/ For all the kingdom was bore and without sustenance of meet After bonefacius celestinus was pope ten year. he ordained that the psalm judica me deus & discerue causam meam/ should be said to fore thentering of the mass. & atte thentry of the mass should be said the verse Et introibo ad altar. of the same psalme· And the grail and the offretory should be said to fore the sacring  
This is he that first sent saint patrick to convert yrlond/ and Paladius a deacon of rome to convert the scots in the ix year of his papacy/ In his fourth year by help of theodocius themperour and of cirillus bishop of Alexandria the thyrdde great synod of three honderd Bishops was made at ephesus against nestorius the heretic ¶ There it was deemed that in crist is one person and two kinds the godheede and the manhede/ And our lady should be ●●lyd theotochos that is to say our lords mother About that time jerom the priest deyde at bethlehem and four score and sixten year old▪ ¶ That time was sent an host out of Rome in to spain against the wandels·s But for themperour had out of his company that mighty bonefacius themperour died no thing manly ● but bonefacius went in to Affryca and died moche harm in th'empire   

¶ Capitulum 33  
THe young theodocius Archadius's son reigned with his daughter husband valentinianus six and twenty year The kingdom of frensshemen bygan in his time under ferramundus the son of martomirus as it is said tofore honde of provinces in the first book capitulo gallia ¶ Thenne theodosius knew that his eme honorius was deed and took valentinianus the son of his aunt galla placida and made him cesar and sent him with his mother galla placida for to govern the eeste londes·s these two overcome johan that warrayed in th'empire And they were merciful to Aecius the noble knyght· for by his wit and sleight the hunes were turned that had purposed to war mithempire of the west lands/ Thenne bonefacius the noble knightthat we spoke of to fore honde took heed that he might not sewrly hold Affryca against valentinianus & his noble knight Aecius/ therefore he prayed the wandals and the Alanes that had occupied spain to fore honde for to come in to Africa with her king giserichus and he come anon and destroyed Africa/ and defowled the faith of holy church ¶ In that time of tempest deyde saint Austyn/ the year of his age four score and six/ He made so many books that the metre is sooth that says He lieth that said that he had rad all his books ¶ R This gysericus king of wandels though he in the mean time overcome the spaynardes galls & Romans yet he reigned in Aff●ica seven and thyrtty year so saith eusebius chronic right in th'end After gisericus son. his daughter husband Omericus reigned viij year/ And he also closed churches and outlawed three honderd Bishops/ therefore by gods rightful doom/ he wambled full of worms and deyde son ¶ After him gysericus broders son Guttamundus reigned there twelve year ¶ In the xij year of his regne. he opened churches and reconciled them that were outlawed ¶ After him the foresaid homericus brother trasamundus reigned eight and twenty year ¶ After him his son hilderycus gotten on valentinianus daughter reigned eight year ¶ One glomaurus the tyrant that had warrayed in Irlond and in Britain put him out of his kingdom and reigned after him in Affryca three year. And so fro the beginning of the persecution of wandales that bygan in gysiricus time unto the going out of the wandels out of affryca passed as it were an honderd year ¶ After celestinus sixtus was pope nine year ¶ R 〈◊〉 his time saint maximus bishop teruernensis was in his 〈◊〉 and made noble Omelyes ¶ And as gevadius saith he m●●de that famous omely of marires that beginneth in this mane● Qui Religiosa caritate sanctorum merita miratur and so for●● And cassiodorus the senator is in his flowris·s he expowned the sawter and made a chronic of themperours and of bishops/ Also that time Orocius of spain was in his flowers/ he came to Rome after saint Austyns death and made seven books against misbelieved men de ormesta that is of the wretchedness of this world That time endoxia thempress that was theodocius daughter & valentinianus wyf come out of jerusalem and brought with ●er the chains that saint peter was bound with in prisonne Of hem is the feast of lammasse day ¶ The solemnity of Caesar'S victory was held upon that day fro octavianus time unto that time ¶ About that time the devil appeared to the jews in the likeness of moyses in the ylond of creta/ and promised 'em that he would lede 'em dry fotem to the land of byheste/ thenne many of 'em were drowned and the other turned to the faith of crist ¶ After sixtus lo was pope one and twenty yere· he was holiest of all men/ and said his mass five scythes and sometime ofter in one day ¶ On an Easter-Day a woman kissed his honde and the pope felt so great temptation that for wretch thereof he cut of his own right hand Thenne the people grudged against him/ for he song not his mass as he was wont to do/ And he made his prayers and put him all to our lady and besought her of help and grace ¶ Thenne our blessed lady restored to him his honde again and he said his mass as he had done to fore/ and told out that miracle to fore all the people ¶ In this pope's time under marcianus the prince was made the ungeneral counseyl in caladonia of sex honderd bishops and thirty against one entices abbot of constantinople & against one dyoscorus bishop of Ahexandria They denied that in cryst was very flesh and denied also the resurrection at day of doom. Pope lo made a letter of the right faith for to send to this counceyl and laid the letter upon saint Peter's auter and fasted forty days and prayed saint peter that if any thing should be amended therinne that he would amend it/ and so it was done  
Another time he fasted forty days and prayed peter to gete him forgiveness of his sins ¶ And peter apered to him & said all thy sins been foryeven/ but unwise handling is challenged of the ¶ In this pope's time that was in theodosius last time at ephesus in the mount celius the seven slepers awoke and aroos/ & the faith of our resurrection was moche confirmed and stabled by that arising In decius Caesar'S time these men fled and hid them in a cave for tescape the wodenes of the persecution that was done upon crysten men/ And so they slept two honderd year. And a work atte last by the virtue of god & sent a servant with money in to the cyte for to buy meet/ and for to espy how it stood of the persecution/ And by old money that was showed that though was not used/ it was known & founden that they had slept about a two honderd year/ & so the faith of the resurrection was confirmed that entices denied/ and they begun to sleep again in presence of theodosius themperour Eutropius About that time one Athyla king of hunes governed denmark and pannonia and lad an host of two honderd thousand and had help against the Romans of nations/ that he made subget and passed forth well nigh all the west land unto Aluerne ¶ This man was born to shame and shendship of nations/ he loved werres and was strong of counsel Valentinianus that thenne governed the west lands should fight against this Athyla and sent a letter to the goths in these words ¶ It by●alleth to your readiness and wisdom to conspire against the tyrant that desireth all the service of the wo●l●· & be retcheth of no rightful cause of battle. But what him liketh/ he holdeth it lawful only believe heleth and covereth his pride/ he is worthy 〈◊〉 byhated of all men that i● enemy to al● men/ But they written a letter in this man●re/ you have made Athyla your enemy/ you have your desire/ then they come to gyders in the fields cathulintes that contrynen an honderd leghes in length and lxx in breed/ there was a strong battle/ none old story speaketh of no battle so s●ronge. for there were slain in both nine score/ M men/ So that the deed bodies were born forth with the streme of blood ¶ In the Romayns side were slain the king of burgoyn and the king of goths ¶ Eutropius libro nono ¶ King Athyla as though he were overcome went again in to pannonia to gadre him a greater host  
R ¶ It is red in saint germans life that while king Athyla werred gallia he besieged in a time the cyte trecasma/ there saint lupus was bishop the time then saint Lupus went upon the yates of this cyte that was besieged and cried and axed who they were that so grieved 'em. ¶ ●nd king Athyla answered and said/ I am Athyla gods scourge & I said the bishop am the wolf that destroyeth our lords flok/ & have need to gods scourge/ lupus is a wolf/ then anon the yates were opened & the enemies were blent through gods might and went from gate to gate and saw n● hurted no man Athyla king of hunes was chased out of gallia by a noble knight that hete Aecius. And in his fleeing toward pannonia he destroyed ytaly and besieged Aquilia three year and gate it Tho lo the pope fasted and prayed three days and three nights in seint Peter's church and said to his men/ Who that will come after me come in god's name/ ¶ And when he approached the king Athyla the king light down of his horse and fell down to the pope's feet and prayed him to ask what he wolde· And anon he prayed and had it granted that the king should go out of ytaly and deliver all the prisoners· ¶ Afterwards when the king was reproved and resoned why the lord of the world wa● so lightly overcome of a priest/ In tha● said the king I dy● prouffyt to you and to me▪ ¶ For I saw in his right fide a ●●ronge knight with a sword drawn that menaced me. bu● I died as he would/ I should be deed and all mine/ then the king left ytaly and went in to pannonia. and deyde there son after 〈◊〉 Eutropius libro nono capitulo 13 ¶ About that time the power relief that was left of the brytons sent the third time a ●ett●r to that noble knight Aecius and to patricius in this manner. To Aecius thrice consul we show the Greues of ●●●tons strau nge nations chacen us to the see/ And the see dry●eth us to strange nations again/ And thereof cometh two manner of careyns/ for we been slain with weepen or else we been drowned/ But it was for noughtthat they written so. For aecius that time was occupied in Gallia with hard war against king Athila· Gaufredus. and Beda· In the mean time the foresaid hunger encreced strongly among the Britons & compelled many of 'em to yield 'em to the thieves their enemies  
¶ And some of 'em come out of hills and lands ther● man's help failed and trusted in god almighty and chased out the pyctes as weal as they might/ then for a time the enemies were p●tte out unto the utterest part of the ylond and made 'em a place to dwell in beyond deyra that is the south side of Northumberlonde and slough and took prays each of other. ¶ Also that time fell great hunger at constantinople with great pestilence and eyer infect and engleymed that the walls of the Cyte fell down with seven and fifty towers and were deed many thousande● of men and of beestes ¶ Gaufredus and Alfredus· ¶ Thenne the Brytons took advisement and counseylle/ And gaytelynus the Arch●bisshop sailed in to Armorica that is little Brytayne to one aldroenus that was the fourth that reigned there after conanus/ and tharchebisshop declared to him the meschyef and the sorrow of the Brytons/ And brought with him one constantinus that was the kings brother with many thousands of men of Arms. and at surcetre he made him kyng· ¶ Also this constantinus had three sons/ the oldest hete constant/ He made him a monk to be shorn at winchestre at saint Amphibalus's church/ ¶ And the other twain Aurelius and uter/ he bytoke to Guydelynus the Bisshosshop to norisshe and to teach ¶ Constantinus atte last after ten year of his kingdom was slain by treason of one of the Pictes that he had in his service. And vortigerus a consul of the jewesses desired the kingdom and took constant out of winchestre and made him a king for he was dull and slow of wit ¶ Anon vortigerus had an. honderd picts out of Albania that is Scotlande and made 'em wardens of the kings bodye· And vortigerus made 'em rich ynowgh/  
¶ And they understood that vortigerus desired for to b● 〈◊〉 And slough constant the king and brought his heed to vortigerus. And by cause vortigerus would be hold guiltless and not culpable of that deed/ he feigned greet sorrow and made byheede all the honderd picts to fore the lords of the land end so he was crowned king/ when this was known thenne the wardeyns that kept two brethren Aurelius & vardredde him and fled with the children to the king of armorica that is little Britayn   
¶ Explicit liber quartus   

Incipit libe● quintus  

¶ Capitulum primum  
MArcianus wedded theodocius sister & was Emperor seven yere· ¶ In his first time was the counceyl calcidonense made against entices and dioscorus as it is said to fore hon Atte last this marcianus was slain at constantinople by conspyracye of his own men  
And the hunes and wandels destroieden the cytres of gallia that stood upon the ryn/ that time vortigerus reigned in britain. and thenne fell so greet plente of corn and fruit that none such plente was seen in none time there tofore. And with that plente lechery & pestilence of all evil doing bigan to encrece cruelness and wrath/ not only in secular men·s but also in the flock of our lord & in the herds and governors of the flok of our lord were both strong & great: so that every man turned his spear against the true man/ as it were against the traitors of brytayn/ & they gave hem to drunkenness/ fighting staff & enuye· thenne suddenly fell so great pestilence on the men of evil living/ that they that were left a live might v●meth bury them that were deed/ but they that were left a live/ were not son amended thereby. therefore a greater vengeance came afterward For vortigerus & his counsel took 'em to rede and scent after paynims of saxon & prayed 'em to come fro byyond the see to do 'em help and succour/ It is unknown that it was gods own deed. for harm should fall upon wicked men/ Gaufr/ & alfr. Vortigerus dread the picts that he had grieved to fore hand & in the other side he dread the coming of aurelius ambrose/ for he had herd that he had made ready his ships for to pass the see/ therefore be coveluded to send for the saxons that were noble men of war & strong in battle/ Beda li·1s/ Thenne the saxons strong men of arms & having no place to dwell in. were prayed of the brytons for to come in three long ships that they call obylas in to brytayn. & receive a place to dwell in in the est side thereof in the ylond thanet beside kente as it were to fight for the contrary/ but it was more for to fight and war against the country/ W/ de. regibus/ Well nigh all the land that lieth northward over the see ocean of britayn is called germania. for it bringeth forth so much folk/ germania cometh of germinare that is for to borge and bring forth  
Therefore as water bows been kutte and hewe● of trees for the fatness of the earth should suffice to the life of the other deal of the tree So men of Germania relieve that land that is her mode● by putting out of men that been strong to fight. lest they should 〈◊〉 overcome with to many children if they should all a●yde at 〈◊〉 me. But for to covere the envy of doing/ they say that they 〈◊〉 sent out by lot/ therefore it is that men of that land maketh h●m strength of need for to challenge strange lands to dwell 〈◊〉/ when they been put out of her owen lands/ As the 〈◊〉 sometime wan Affryca. And the Longobardes ytaly/ And the normans gallia/ So first come twey brethren out of germania Engistus and horsus with a little strengthe· and were wodens nevewys And as they came of woden· So we'll nigh all the kings lineage of strange nacious come of this wooden And for as moche as the saxons held him tho for a god· they called the fourth day of the week wodens day in worship of this wooden and the sixth day friday in worship of his wyf frea Thus they died by sacrelegye the lestel evermore ¶ Beda li/ primo ¶ There came three of the strengest people of germania in to Brytayne/ Saxons Angles and jutes/ Of the jutes come the Kentysshe men and the men of the isle of wight and the men that dwellen against the isle of weight. Of the saxons come the East saxons/ the south saxons and the west saxons ¶ Of the Angles come the eeste Angles and myddel Angles that is the mercies and had myddel England that stretcheth westward toward the river dee beside chestre and to Severn besides shrowesbury and so forth to Brystow/ and estward toward the see And southward to temse and so forth to London and northward to humbre and turned dounwarde and westward to the river mersea and so forth to the west see/ ¶ Also of the Angles come the men of northumberlonde and horsus and Engistus were beders of 'em all ¶ Trevisa For to know redyly the meres & merkes of the countries where these men were to set. Look in the first capitulo 51/ Henricus libro secundo· These men sailed in to Brytayn & bete down the enemies of Brytayne The enemies were come unto Stanford. that is forty mile onte of Lyncolum southward. ¶ When the Pyctes and the Scots used long shafts and s●eres/ the Saxons fought with long swords and axes ¶ Gaufredus And so vortigerus had the victory by help of the saxons And gave to Engistus land in lyndes●ye/ there he builded a Castel that heat thongcastre/ for him was granted as moche land to build on a castle as a thwonge might beclyppe. Therefore engystus kutte a bowl huyde all to one thong and be clipped therewith all that place ¶ Beda libro primo Thenne tidings come home of the goodenes of the land of britain and of the feebleness of the men that dwelled therinne Thenne was sent a greater naveye for to make more number of saxons & they took on them the war upon that covenant that they should fight for the country and the Brytons should find them meet and wages ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro primo ¶ Thenne at second time the saxons come with sixten ships/ and brought with hem Engistus's daughter a wonder fair maid marvel of kind and wonder of sight for men to byholde The king vortigerus beheld her oft and bad that she should serve him in stead of his boteler. And the king axed her to wyf/ and egged her father thereto/ as though it were against his will/ and gave kente in stead of a yefte to him/ And consented that Engistus should send for his son ¶ Gaufredus and Alfredus ¶ This wedding was made and the king put away his lawful wyf/ on the which he had gotten three noble yonglynges. vortimerus catigirnus and pascencius ¶ Beda libro primo ¶ Thenne the saxons conspired with the pyctes that they had put out tofore honde/ and turned for to fight against her fellows the brytons/ Ano first they axed more corn for it was not yeve 'em/ They destroyed the contrary and slouwe the bishops and the people ¶ Gaufredus and Alfredus Thenne the B●ytons saw that they were overset with multitude of saxons and counceyleden the king for to forsake the Saxons/ And by cause he would not assent/ they took his son vortimerus and made him king. ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro primo/ ¶ After the seventh year of the confederation he fought against the Angles oft in small bataylles. but five scythes sharply with all the company Henricus/ & gaufred The first of these bataylles was upon the river derwont/ and the second upon the ford Epiford ¶ There horsus and catagirnus wounded each other The thyrdde was done by help of saint Germ●n though bishop ¶ At that battle was cried thrice Alleluya. And the Saxons fled ¶ The fourth battle was upon the See brink/ there the Saxons fled in to the Ilonde Thanet/ ¶ When these batayls were done Vortimerus deyde through venom of his stepdame Rowen ¶ R But william says that when Vortimerus had fought twenty year manly against the Angles he was take away by lot of destiny/ ¶ Ganfredus and Alfredus/ ¶ When Vortimerus was deed/ Vortigernus' was eft restored to the kingdom/ then in hoop of peace both Brytons and Angles come to gyders byside thabbey Ambrius the first day of may for to tre●e of peace/ between them there/ There Engistus used a new manner of treason and said to his knights/ when he cried in englyssh/ Nymeth your sexes·s thenne anon they should slay their fellows the Brytons with knives that they had hid in their hosen and so it was done. ¶ But eldol duke of gloucestre caught a stake and defended him manly and slowgh seventeen Saxons ¶ But the Saxons would not slay Vortigerus/ but they received his raunsonne noble cities of Brytayn and he went in to the west country of wales and abode at Genoren upon the river Guania in the hill Cloarcius. there Aurelius Ambrose come afterward upon him and brent him in his own tower ¶ But will●lmus de regibus libro primo/ Meaneth otherwise and said that Engystus by treasonne and fraud prayed his daughter husband Vortigerus to a f●ste with three honderd men/ ¶ And when the ghesties had weal drunken/ then by sleyghte they were made to strive and bra●lo And after took their wepens and fought ¶ Thenne the Brytons were slain and the King was taken· and raunsonned for three provinces of the eeste Also Willelmus libro primo/ and Henricus libro secundo. Tellen that Vortigerus say by his own daughter in hoop that kings should come of him and gate on her a son ¶ Therefore he was accursed of saint Germane and of all the company of preestes and fled in to the west side of wales. ¶ Also it is wreton that saint Germane fled/ and he poursiewed after him/ and after was brent in his tour with fire that came down fro heaven/ ¶ Thenne the Brytons gathered an host/ And Aurelius Ambrose was duke and had that host against horsus & engystus in kente/ But gaufr· in his brittysshe book saith that after that aurelius ambrose was come from beyond the see/ he brent Vortigerus in his own tour/ ¶ And thenne he passed humbre and made Engystus to be byheded at conyngisburgh and spared his son Octe that was besyeged at York and brought lowe· ¶ After this he overcome pascenflus vo●●igerus and his helper Gillomaurus king of Irlond/ ¶ at lost h● wax seek at wynchestre and saxon that ●ete ●●pa gave him venom to drink in stead of medecyn and so Aurelius deyde. One pascencius had hired copa· as it were a leche for to do that deed/ It is wreton in saint germans legente that vortigerus warned saint germane lodging and an herd that kept the kings beestes/ saw that god's servants were grieved. and lodged saint germane and slow a calf for his sop●r But after soper saint germane raised that calf again from death to life/ On morrow by commandment of g●d G●rman put down vortigerus of his kingdom/ and took the foresaid herd and made him king/ then all men were aston●d for wonder/ And fro that time forthon/ the kings of B●ytons come of the beards kind ¶ But gildas' in his story saith that this befallen by the king of powysye that he●e buly and not of vortigerus and saith that bulyes' successors come of this herds kind that were kings in that side of wales ¶ Thenne what is said here of vortigeruns end/ it is in a manner doubt as for to keep the story hoole/ Furthermore what is said of the pond of the two dragons/ white and reed/ and vortigerus building Of merlyns fantastic getting and of his prophesy that is so derk is contained in the bryttyssh book/ And I would put it to this story if I supposed that it were true   

¶ Capitulum 2  
VAlentinianus augustus his time is accounted to the course of theodocius and of martinianus ¶ Eutcopius. He dread the fortune of Aecius and patricius. and made him slain at Cartage. And the fortune of the west empire fell down with him/ But in the same year valentinianus was slain of Aecius friends in the field marcius twelve days tofore April The day after one max●mus a man of two consulatus took the empire of Rome/ he heard that Gysericus king of the wandals was coming out of Affryca/ And arrayed him for to flee/ and was alto hewed of Valentinianus seruauntes·s and thrown lymmele in to the tybre/ Thenne Gisericus came to the cyte of rome· And Leo the pope met him and pleased him so that ●e spared brenning and manslaughter and took prisoners and riches of the cyte and lad with him in to affryca/ Among the which prisoners endoxia Augusta was took prysonner. she had prayed gysericus to do that cursed deed In the torning again toward Affryca Gysericus destroyed the noble cities of Campania Nola and Capna. ¶ Thenne as Gregory says in libro dyalogorum/ Paulinus bishop of the cite nola when that he had spent all that he had in raunsons of prisoners he went in to Africa and gave himself to be a man of strange nations and bond man for the ransom of a widows son and was his lords gardener and died so well in his offyce that he turned his lord to crystendome/ and wan and gate freedom to men of his nations ¶ Marcianus libro primo ¶ In marcianus fifth year horsus and engystus fought against the brytons in a place that heat aglystorp th●r horsus and cartigirnus slow each other· but engystus had the victory ¶ Beda libro primo/ capitulo 17 ¶ That time the faith of Brytons died fast fail for company of saxons that were strange men and of mysbyleve/ & also by cause of pelagius heresy. that began to spring among them/ therefore they sen●e in to france for to have help and succour against misbelieved men/ And to hem were sent germanus Altisiodorus and lupus trecasinus bishops ¶ In seyling by their holy preyers the tempest of the see seecyd and they destroyed that heresy by truth of loor● and teaching by showing of miracles and by holiness of life ¶ They hel●d a blind damysel of ten year old/ ●henn● saint germane went unto the sepulchre of saint albon 〈◊〉 l●f●e there holy relyquyes of thapostles and martyrs but he tok● w●●h him reed earth out of that holy place ¶ Th●nne he went forth and saved the place of his lodging with all that was delivered him from brenning/ when other men's things were brent with fire/ And thenne he went with the Brytons against t●e saxons that were associate unto the pyctes/ he cried t●ryes alleluya/ and overcome thenemies without shedynge of blood and so t●e ylond was cleansed and germane turned home again. But that heresy bygan to spring a●ene/ and germane was oft prayed for to come and help/ Thenne he come with lupus disciple severus and destroyed and died away the●●our and turned home again/ But he prayed valentinianus at Raven for men of Armorica that is little brytayne and deyde/ and by heest of themperour he was born for to be buried at his own church  
AFter marcianus lo reigned xvij year In his first year vortimerus vortigerus son deyde in a strong euy●l/ And Engistus with his son osca gathered strength and brought together his knights and men of Arms that were so sparpled & departed and fought strongly against the brytons at crekenford Of 'em were slain four dukes and four thousand of other men And he chased the other deal out of kente unto london/ and they never turned afterward in to kente· for his brother ho●sus was deed with categirnus to fore hon/ his burial is yet showed in the eest side of kente· And so the kingdom of kente bygan under engystus the eyghten year after the coming of saxons in to britayne/ And engistus reigned in kent after that four and twenty year. ¶ The heresy of the Acepheles bygan to spring and ●ncrecyd They again said the counsel of calcydonense The acephales been said as it were men withouten heed/ for their author is unknown After lo hillary was pope seven year Engystus and his son osca at wyptysflete slow twelve dukes of Brytons and of the angles was slain but one that he eat wypet After hillarye simplicius was pope fyften yere· he ordained that no clerk should receive the investiture of his benefice ne of his offyce of a lewd man's honde   

¶ Capitulum tercium  
TEno themperour reigned after lo seventeen yere· In his time deyde childericus the fourth king of frenshem●n/ and after him his son clodenus lewis reigned thyrtty year/ This in the fyften year of his kingdom while he lad his host/ and should fight against a great number of Almains/ he looked in to heaven and said lord Ihesu crist whom my wyf worshippeth if thou give me this day the victory I shall be crystned in thy name The Almayns fled and he and his two sisters and three thousand of his men were crystned on an Easter-Day of saint Remigius bishop of Raynes·s And for they had no crysma. Lo a down brought 'em in his bylle a vyole with crysma/ and the Bishop enoynted the king therewith That vyole is kept in the church of raynes/ and with that crysma the kings been enoynted. son after this while the king went to a battle against one aladericus that warrayed in guyan ¶ Remigius took him a flaket full of holywyn and promised him victory & said/ Go forth as long as this win dureth/ Thenne the king drank and his servants & the win failed in no place ¶ Thenne he occupied guyan and passed the river of leyr and tu●one/ and in saint martin's church he heard that verse of the sauter/ Precinxisti me domine virtute ad bellum· that is lord thou hast byclypped me with virtue and strength to battle ¶ Therefore the king was glad with all & arrayed him for to pass the ford of the river vincenna/ but the water began hugely to arise. And an hind appiered suddenly & passed the water to fore the king and showed him the ford/ Thenne the king made the kingdom of france stretch unto the high hills of Arragon that been called montes pireni ¶ Therefore themperour anastasius herd of his name and sent him a crown of gold richly beset with precious stones with a kyrtell & a gyrdel· And fro that time he was assigned to be consul and Augustus for the common prouffyt of th'empire ¶ And he was clothed in a consul's gown/ ¶ And from that time the empire of Rome that was sometime translated to constantinople bygan to wax lass and lass from day to daye· And the kingdom of france bygan to spread and wax more and more ¶ When Gisericus king of wandels was deed his elder son homericus reigned in Affryca eight year by sleight of strange nations. this began first to do myldly with crysten men/ But at end he commanded to put fiery plates to the breasts of holy maidens/ by cause they should knowleche that bishops and clerks had leyn by them/ Also he put a great multitude of cristen men in a straight prison for they should let fall urine and foul ordure each upon other/ and so it seemed that the stench thereof passed all that other pain About that time saint medarde and saint gyldard bishops of Roen confessors were in her flowers/ they were brethren of one womb. both born in one daily sacred bishops in one day and both deed in one day ¶ Henr/ libro secundo ¶ Elle and his three sons Cymen plettynger and Cyssa come in to brytayne with three ships the year after the first coming of Angles thirty And slow many Brytons at cun●ueshore & chased many unto the wood Andresleger/ and so he occupied souths●x ¶ Henr/ li/ giunto ¶ Andrysleger is a great wood in the south side of kente bysides the haven limb and containeth forty mile in length and thyrtty in breed ¶ After simplicius felix was pope eight year saint Banabas body was founden in a cave· there his disciple johan had hid it with the gospel of matthew th●t he had write with his own style. ¶ Barnaby p●echyd first of crist at Rome and was first bishop made of m●lan Willelmus de regibus  
¶ That year deyde engystus in kent xxxij year after his coming in to englond/ he drof forth his time and died his deeds as moche with fraud as with strength/ And him was liefer to do cruelly than lawfully/ After him his son was king Osca four and twenty yere· he defended the kingdom and made it no mor● & him held paid with his father's kingdom and passed nowhere his faders bounds Eutropius libro quarto ¶ Also in this zeno themperours time Aurelius Ambrose used the purpur in Brytayne ¶ After the fighting of the saxons he was left alive and no moo of the Romayns. And overcome the saxons that were vyctours/ And fro that time forth now that one and now that other had the maystrye and vyctory● unto the time that the saxons had the maystrye and wan all the ylond/ about that time saint manmertus bishop of vyen ordained solemn letanyes that been called the rogations again earth quaking and tempest of weder and parelle of wild beestes that grieved the people that time/ And it is called the lass l●tanye for difference of the more letanye that saint gregory ordained to be said on saint marks day Paulus libro primo ¶ About that time Agrimundus the first king of the longobardes ere ●e came in to pannonia he fond seven children laid besides a pond/ that a common woman had born at one burden and cast 'em there for they should have been slain/ the king passed forth by and would wite what it were and turned the spear that he bore in his honde toward the children· and one of 'em held the sp●re wi●h his ho●de. And thereby the king told that the child should be great/ and let take him of the pond and died do nourish him up busily And after agelmundus death for his nobley he was choose king and rewled the longobardes right well long time ¶ And for he was take from the ronde they named him lamissio· For a pond is called lama in their language/ Of him it is said that when the A●●asoues werned the longobardes to pass one of her own Rivers This lamiss●o swymm●ng in the river fought with the strengeste woman of the Amasones/ and slough her right th●re/ And so by covenant he ordained passage for his men/ That year Zeno the emperor sent theodericus to fight ayenst● one oda●cer that had werred in ytaly fourten year This theodericus was the kings son of goths and was delivered to Zeno in pledge. when the covenant of peace was made/ then when theodericus was eyghten year old he passed bulgaria and pannonia and fed him and his in the lose of Aquylya ¶ Thenne Odaacer met him with all the power of ytaly and was over come of him Therefore he turned again to Rome and was put of by the Romans and went to Raven and there he was besieged three year and slain right there ¶ Thenne theodericus come to Rome and was gladly received and wedded Andel●lede the daughter of Clodoneus king of france/ And married his daughters and his sisters to kings that dwelled there about So that well nigh all ytaly was joined to him by such affynyte   

¶ Capitulum quartum  
ANastasius was emperor seven and twenty year ¶ In his first year saint patrick deyde the first bishop of Irlond the year of his own age six score and twain. In Aurelius Ambroses' time that was thenne king of brytayne ¶ Gir in top/ In his time were the abbot columba that hete kolunkillus also And saint bride that saint patrick veiled and professed and she overlived him sixty year ¶ These three were buried in ulster in the cyte dymeus as it were in a den with three chambre s  
¶ Her bodies were founden the first year of the coming of sir johan the second king haryes son in to Irlond/ upon her tombs these verses been wreton/ Hic jacent in duno/ qui tumulo tumulantur in uno/ Brigida patricius atque columba pius/ that is to say/ In duno these three been buried right all in one tomb Bride with patrick and also columba the mild ¶ R Men say that this first patrick among his other wondered works & deeds died three great thynges·s One is that he droof with his staff all the venomous beestes out of Irlend/ The second is that he prayed and it was granted to him of god almighty that none irissh man should abide the coming of Antecrist ¶ The third wonder is radde of his purgatory. but that is more accounted to the lass patrick that was abbot and not bisshop· And was in his flowers about the year of our lord eight honderd and fifty The ma●tilogye speaketh of him that he fond first a rebel people/ and therefore he went out of Irlond and deyde in thabbey of glastenb●ry at saint bartilmew thapostles day ¶ After felix gelasius was pope. five year/ he ordained that thorders should be yoven four times in the year/ and made the common presas tha● is song in the mass time▪ Vere dignum et justum est and so forth unto dies nostros/ Also in his time the den was showed at saint mychaels mount in monte gargano. the year of our lord four honderd four score and twelve bygan the kingdom of the eest angles under uffa/ Of him all the est angles been called uffynges and now we call 'em fycanes and fykeys also ¶ Beda libro ● capitulo decimo sexto/ Also that year was the great slaughter of saxons in the siege of badon hill by the duke of brytons Aurerelius Ambrose the four and forty year after the coming of angles. Henr/ libro secundo That year two dukes of saxons Cerdicus and his son kynricus with five ships come a land at cerdishore that now is called yarnemouth ¶ saint leonard was born and king clodoneus was his godfader and took him out of cold water ¶ When gelasius was deed Anastasius was pope two yere· he ordained that no clerk should for wrath leave his service unsaid in holy church but only the mass/ Also this pope cursed anastasius themperour After anastasius symachus was pope fyften year/ with him was ordained another pope that hete laurencius/ In that stryf were many manslaughters in the cyte· but they came both to the doom of theodericus of Ravenne and the king deemed that ●e that was first ordained should be ●ope/ or he that had the more party of the chesers to his election/ And by that doom symachus was pope/ he loved the clergy and halpe pour men/ therefore paschasius a cardynal deke●● after his death in the pain of purgatory was set for to serve baths for he favoured laurence party unto his deth· so tellith gregorius in libro dyalogorum/ Also this pope ordained that every sondaye and in feasts of martres gloria in excelsis should be said at mass. R/ Therefore some men would suppose that be made that followeth in that ympne· but other men ween that saint hillarye made all that followeth in that ympne That year deyde Remigius doctor of frensshmen and bishop of Raynes. An heremyte warned Remygius mother of his birth and of the manner of his byrthe· This heremyte had lost his eyen and his sight and was blind for oft weeping that he used in his beedes·s And prayed his mother that when the child should be weaned that the child might wash the heremytes eyen with the moders milk and so should he have his sight again ¶ Thenne this Remigins from his childhood dwelled in a closet till he was two and twenty year old ¶ After that he was made bishop of Raynes & was so mild that wild sparrows would take met●of his hand Henr ¶ That year one porth with his two sons come a land at por●esmouth in southse●● and slow a noble young man of the brytons and many other with him/ Lotharius king of ●raunce after his father clodon●us reigned one and fifty yere-In his time Aurelius Ambrose deyde in Brytayn and his brother Uther pendragon reg●ed after him ¶ R Uter pendragon by help of merlyn the prophet brought coria gigantum that is stonehenges out of Irlond/ Stonhenge is now in the plain of salesbury/ of that bringing of stonhenge out of Irlond speaketh the bryttyssh story·s if it should lawfully be y trowed/ Also v●er pendragon slough gyllomaurus vortigerus son. This gyllomaurus was king of Irlonde ¶ Also Uther slow osca engistus son and his cousin osa and gorolus duke of corn wail and wedded the same dukes wyf jugerna: and ●ate on her the noble Arthur/ ¶ But he was atte last poisoned with venom and deyde and was buried by his brother Aurelius in coria gigantum that is stonhenge. ¶ After Symachus hormysda was pope eight yere· he reconciled the Greeks and ordained the clergy in rule and in o●dre/ and left in saint Peter's church a beam of silver of a thousand pound and sixty/ ¶ Also he sent lettres to Anastasius themperour that favoured entices error and commanded themperour that he should amend himself We will command said themperour and not be commanded ¶ Therefore he was afterward beset with his enemies/ and smitten with lightning and so deyde ¶ When Osca engystus son was deed his son octa reigned after him two and twenty year in the kingdom of counterbury that was the kingdom of ●●nte/ Marrianus libro secundo ¶ That time jordanus the bishop was in his flowers and made a chronic   

¶ Capitulum quintum  
BEda sayth· that justinus the elder was Emperor eight year/ But other tell that he was Emperor ten year/ Atte Instance of hormysda the pope/ justinus reconciled the bishops that Anastasius had exiled for the frith of holy church/ And germane bishop of Capna was the pope's messenger to justinus at that time Henricus libro secundo ¶ This is the year after the coming of the Angles/ lxxj ¶ This year bygan the year of the westsaxons under C●rdicus and his son kyn●icus by help specially of her own ne●ewes stuffer and wyghtgar that londed in three ships ●t Cerdychesore/ and fought strongly and slough many Brytons/ To the which nephews was you● the ylonde of wight Trevisa ¶ Look more of the king of westsaxons in the first book capitulo decimo quinto ¶ Thenne it folowoth in the story ¶ Af●●r horsmisda the first johan was pope three year Theodecicus Augustus emperor of ytalye hel●e Arrius heresye-and sent this pope johan with other men of the dignity of consuls to justinus emperor of Constantinople and bade him that he should leave and suffer the Arrians in peace. or he would flee th● crysten men of ytaly. And when he heard tell that his messengers were worshipfully received/ when they come again to Ravenna. he took pope johan and Symachus pat●icius and boe●e the senator and slough 'em in hard prisonne ¶ But for Boece had defended and mayntened the authority of the senators of Rome by good skyles and resons·s therefore he exiled him out of Rome and put him in to papy●· There bo●cins ma●● five books de consolacione philesophye/ And at last he l●te slay him in the country of melan● ¶ R This bo●ce was a passing man in his works and deeds. And famous without repreef & learned first the language of latyn and grue at rome. And th●nne at Athenes he learned 'em at●e full without the books that he made or declared of the seven ar●●s· he made fifty songs endyted Comice that ●s as it were short verses/ a●ong the which songs the best beginneth in ●his maner· O amor deus deitas. O thou love god and godhead/ But his wyf Elpes the kings daughter of Scicilia made an ympn● in praising at thappostles pet●r and paul that beginneth in this manner. Felix per omnes festum mundi cardines ¶ That is to say thou feast that art holy and gracious in every country of the wide world/ she made a writing to be grauin on her tomb. and made it in metre in this manner Elpes was m● name/ So cecily brought m● forth· Fer out of land my husbondes love me lad. In holy place now I rest in strange land/ I queth me to the throne of that jug that never hath end But theodericus the tyrant escaped not the pain/ For he deyde suddenly at Ravenne four score and ten days after that he had fulfilled his tyrauntrye in that holy man boece ¶ One solutarius saw him boil and sethe in vulcanus crokce in the Ilonde luparis beside Scicilia/ there he boileth as it were in a caudrone/ ¶ That year saint Bride the maid deyde in Irlond After johan the fourth felix was pope four year/ he was seint Gregoryes father grauntsir. He ordained that seek men should be enoynted with holy oil ●r they passed out of this lyf· and cursed patriarch of Constantinople ¶ Also that year the Abbot dyonisius exiguus began to make his compot at Rome· He was the first or there were no moo that took heed of the defaults of that compot ¶ And afterward marianus the monk y closed in Magoncia as it is touched in the beginning of the first book in the third prefas   

¶ Capitulum sextum  
IVstinianus justinus nephew on his sister gotten reigned eight and thy●t●y year/ this gathered the laws of the Romayns that were written well nigh in two thousand books & in three honderd thousand verses in long writing & unprofitable/ he gathered hem in to a volume of twelve books and called that volume justinianus code Also he made pendactas that is dygest and departed it in three volumes ¶ Also he died many bataylls by himself & bilisiarchus the duke/ netheles at the exyting of theodora Augusta he died many cruel deeds. and exiled the pope After felix bonefacius was pope two year and somewhat of days: he ordained that clerks and lewd men should be departed while the mass is a singing ¶ After Bonefacius the second johan was pope two year and four months. ¶ After the second johan the first agapytus' was pope xj year. he ordained that procession should be made in the sunday/ and went to constantinople to justinianus and deyde there. but he was born to Rome Cerdicus the first king of westsaxons deyde when he had reigned seven t●n year ¶ After Agapitus Silverius was pope one year and five months. he was exiled and slain while he was exiled/ And that made thempresse'sempress theodora Augusta for he would not restore again Anthemius patriarch of constantinople that was to fore hon condemned of heresy. That year saint davy was born that hete dewy also· he was bishop of mevenia which is now called saint davy in wales ¶ After Severius virgilius was pope nine year he ordained that the mass should be said toward the eest end of the church. And atte last as his predecessor was poursiewed of thempress by cause anthemius the patriarch was not restored/ so was he all a day to draw and haled/ scorned and buffeted at constantinople/ and at last deyde exiled/ In his time bellisarius patricius delivered Rome of the taking of the goths/ ¶ Also in his time byfyl that i● rad of theofolus archdeacon. though this virgilius entered in to an evil manner to the papacy by cause he procoured thexiling of his predecessor silverius for▪ he would be pope himself/ But for he was repentant verily/ he was exiled for the faith and deyde exiled atte last ¶ Henricus libro secundo ¶ This was the tenth year of C●rdicus king of westsaxon/ And this year arthur the warrior bygan for taryse as it were eyghten year old He fought twelve scythes against the saxons and had the vyctorye· first upon the river glevy and eft four scythes upon the river douglas that is in the country of jews. ¶ R Now that river is called dongglies in Englyssh/ and that river runneth under the cyte of wygan/ that is ten mile from the river mersee in lancasshyre· Henricus ¶ The sixth battle was upon the river bassa/ the seventh besides lyncolum in the wod● that hete celidon/ but in bryttissh it hete caercayt celydon that now is called Lyncolum· the ix battle was atte cyte caerleon/ the xij was at badonhille ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro primo ¶ This is Arthur of whom the Brytons that go out of the way tellen many idle tales/ he that praiseth sooth stories and not false is worthy to be praysed· he that mayntened the contrary that was dounward and comforted men's hearts to fight courageously in battle/ And at last he slough nine honderd of his enemies in the siege of badenhill/ ¶ R ¶ Men red● in some cronykes that Cerdicus fought often with Arthur· and if he were once overcome/ he aroose up eft stronger to fight & atte last after six and twenty year of Cerdicus coming/ Arthur was weary and noyeful to him and gave him hampshyre and somersete and called that country westsex· And he made faith and sworn to him ¶ Also it is rad in Cronicis Anglorum that mordredus Arthurus nephew desired for to regne but 〈◊〉 dradde only Cerdi●●s and gave him other towns for to fit●● ou●e him/ cerdicus assented thereto and restored his province. and countries with new saxons·s and was crowned at wynchestre in the manner of misbelieved men/ but at london mordredus was crowned king of britons/ but the isle of wight left to withgaras the nephew of cerdicus-But the story of brytons telleth t●at Arthur fought afterward with mordredus and slough him & was slain and buried in the vale of Aualon besides glasting bury·s Afterwards his body and the body of his wyf gwenner were founden in the second harry's time and translated in to the church about the year of our lord eleven honderd four score so saith giraldus distinctione prima capitulo decimo octavo/ That was tho on live and handled arthurs bones/ Furthermore of this Arthur among all writers of chronics Gaufredus alone praiseth him so moche that men wondre how it might be sooth that is told of him Fo● if Arthur had gotten thyrtty kingdoms as Gaufredus celleth if he had made the king of france subgette. if he had slain lucius in ytaly procurator of thempire and of the comynte-why left all the writers of stories of Romayns frenssh men and saxons-and speak not of so great deeds. and of so great a vyctour. sith that they told so moche of so many lass men and lass dedes·s yet hereto Gaufredus saith that that he slough lucius hiberius procurator of thempire/ but by all stories of rome it is known/ that none lucius was procurator of th'empire either of the comynte in that tyme. ¶ And also that none Arthur reigned ne was born in ●●o themperours'emperors tyme· but in justinianus time that was the fifth after lo Also gaufredus saith that him wondereth that gyldas' and beda in all her books speak not of Arthur But I hold more wonder why gaufredus praiseth so moche one that all the old famous and sooth writers of stories make of it well nigh no mention But sooth it is that the manner of every nation is to over praise somme one of the same nation as the grenes' preisen their Alysaundre And the Romans their Octavianus And Englysshmen their Richard And Frensshmen their Charles and the britons their arthur/ It happeth oft as josephus saith for fairness of thistory or for liking of the redars either for to preys● their own blood. these cause th●m to writ so ¶ For Austyn de civitate dei libro decimo/ T●●eth that 〈◊〉 doings of men of Athenes been greater in fame than in deed And that was for there were writers of clear wit and hadden joy and liking to turn her wit and her tongue to great hyhe and huge praising/ then gaufredus in his bryttissh book saith that arthur when he should die granted the dyademe of his kingdom to his cousin Constantyn the son of cador duke of cornewayle/ that fought oft-times with mordredus sons and slough 'em a●te last. and so four year after he had reigned he deyde/ And after him aurelius conanus held the kingdom three year/ ¶ And after him vortiporius four yere· After him malgo reigned somewhat of years/ he was fair strong large free of yef●es/ Butler be was infect with the vice of sodomy ¶ After him Careticus reigned somewhat of time he was unlyking to god and to brytons and loned stryf and destruction of ryghtful living of mankind The saxons were waar of his unstedfastnes·s and senten to the king Affrycanus Gurmundus that he made him subgett & prayed him for to come out of yrlond ¶ And gurmundus and the saxons joined and oned to gyder· Cha●ed creticus from cyte to cyte and besyeged him atte last in sissetre· and droof him afterward and his brytons in to wales over Severn/ and destroyed lo●gria that is Englond with iron and with fire. And from that time for ward the brytons lost the hoole kingdom of Brytayne ¶ Chilpiricus the seventh king of france reigned after his father lotharius xxiv year that was the year after the coming of thangles four score and eyghten That year bygan the kingdom of northumberlond under one Ida the son of ●oppa. he was the twellyfth after wooden/ of him come all the blood of kings of northumberlonde/ and yda reigned twelve year in brenicia. and had many sons/ Trevisa/ Brenicia is the northsyde of northumberlonde and stretcheth to the scottysshe see· look more there of in ●he first book capitulo 51/ there thou may find the meres & marks of Brenicia· thenne it followeth in the storye· In justinianus themperours time befell that gregorius in libro dyalogorum telleth of th●●isshops that spoke atte best when her tongues were kytte in Aff●ica for the faith of holy church. But one of 'em was prived of that myrache for lechery that he fill in sometime/ ¶ About that time in a Cyte of Scicilia was an archdeacon that heat Theofilus- and bore him so nobly under the Bishop/ that when the Bishop was deed all men crieden that he was worthy to be Bishop ¶ And he held him paid with his Archedekenry/ and had liefer that another were bishop than he· But afterward he that was made bishop put him wrongfully out of his Archedekenry ¶ Than he fill in so greet meschyef/ that he hired an hebrewe whitche and forsook criste and his mother upon that condition that he should come to the worship that he had lost/ ¶ And also he died the devil homage and written him a chartre with his own blood/ And so he had his Archedekenry a morrow But he bythoughte him atte last and was sorrowful for that deed/ And prayed our lady of help and socoure· And so by help of our lady he had his chartre again and foryefnes of his sins ¶ Thenne he knowleched his trespaas and all the manner of that doing openly to fore the Bishop and all the people· Thenne all the people wondered and worshipped and thanked Cryste and our lady·s And theofile deyde after three days in the same place/ where as our lady brought to him his chartre again. ¶ After Vigilius the first pelagius was pope eleven year. ¶ That year Totila king of goths wer●yd in ytalye· Thenne he passed by campania and by saint Benettes abbaye and besieged Rome strongly/ and took it atte last by night and entered at gate/ that hight Porta hosti●nsis ¶ And for the Romans should somdele void cruelness he made tromps to be blown ¶ Also Totila would essay if saint Benette had a spirit of prophecye· and clothed one of his knights as a king and sent him to saint B●net as though the king himself were comen to the holy man/ Thenne saint Benet said to him/ son do of that thou bearest for it is not thine. ¶ afterward Totila himself fell down to the ground to fore the holy man. and would not arise/ till the holy man took him up with his own honde and said/ moche harine thou hast done/ now rest/ thou shalt entre in to Rome & pass the see and thou shalt regne nine year/ and after that day he was the lass cruel/ And atte last narses patricius was sent of augustus and overcome him in battle. Tho was Cassiodorus in his flowers that was sometime king Theodorus Chancellor/ And after that consul and thenne Senator and monk at Rome at laste· ¶ Among his other great travaylls he expowned clearly the sawter· Henricus king of westsaxons deyde/ And his son Ceaulinus was King after him three and thyrt●y year/ He droof the Brytons out of the cities of gloucetre and surcetre and bathe in to the hills montaines & wilderness of wales Willelmus de regibus li ● 1/ But at last he was hated of Angles and of brytons and his host was bete adoune/ And he himself chased and exiled and deyde exiled/  
¶ Also in the first year Elle yffus son the twellif●h after wooden bygan to regne and reigned neygh thyrtty year in the province of deyra ¶ In his time saint gregory saw englysshe children to sell at Rome. And acorded and said alleluya must be song there fro whence these children come ¶ R But the grace of bylene came not to king ell but to his son king Edwynus ¶ In the mean time Ida's elder son Adda reigned seven year in brenicia And claspa five year Theodwolfus one year And Freodulp●us seven year/ yet ell was alive/ And his son Edwinus a child of three year old was chased And eth●lricus Idas son reigned five year in both provinces of deyra and of brenicia ¶ Paulus libro p●imo in fine About that time while king Audoenus reigned upon the longobardes that dwelled in pannonia was a strong batayle between the gespydes and the longobardes ¶ In that battle Albumus Andoenus son slough the kings son of the gespydes And so the gespydes were sparpled and departed Therefore the longobardes prayed her king Andoenus to make a solemn great feast to his son Albuinus- ¶ The king answered and said that it was not the manner among 'em that the kings son should sit at feste even with his father the king but if he had to fore honde take Armure of a king of a strange nation. ¶ Albuynus herd this and took with him forty yonglynges choose and went boldly to the king of gespydes/ whose son he had slain in battle and axed Armure of him. there he was goodly received and set to meet by the king in the kings sons place that he had slain The king beheld the man and the place and syghed full sore and said The place is lef to me. but the person● that sitteth therinne is grievous for to see/ ¶ Thenne the kings other son that was yet alive byganne to terre and to anger the Longobardes with dispytouse words and said. that they were like ●o mares with white legs up to the thighs/ for that time the longobardes used s●raples with broad laces down to the sparlyme/ ¶ Then ne one of the Longobardis said to him that so scorned hem·s go in to the field where thy brother was slain/ ¶ And there thou might assay how strongly these mares con kyke ¶ Thenne the gespydes arrayed 'em to weepen And the longobardes set hon on the hilts of her owen swords but the king lepe over the lord and sessyd the stryf and said. It is not an honest victory to slay a grest in his hostelrye/ And he gave his sons armure that was slain to him that had slain him and sent him with peace to his father again Will/ dear. li/ primo/ Ethelbertus was ermericus son/ The which Ermericus was veveuewe of engistussonne ¶ This ethelbertus reigned over kentysshmen five and fifty year/ so saith beda/ But another cronyke saith three and fifty year. In his yongthe he was scorn and bysmer to kings that dwelled nigh him. for he was overcome in double bataille and saved uneath his own bounds/ But when he was older he brought all the kings that were nigh him under his yok out take the kings of northumberlond. thenne he wedded a Frenssh woman that hete berta/ and by ensample of one letardus a Bishop that come with berta· He was moche exyted for to leave and forsake his wild manners/ Atte last he heard saint Austyn preach the loore of holy faders & forsook his cursed laws and made good laws in the language of the land. in the which laws he promised meed to good men and pains to evil men and wicked/ ¶ And deyde the year after that he had received the faith of holy church one and twenty/ Martinus After pelagius the third johan was pope thyrten yere· that time prescianus the grammarians of cesarea was in his flowers at constantinople/ he made noble books not only of grammar but also he descrived all the world in a book that he called Cosmagraphia/ Of him it is said as Hugucio capitulo/ edo edes ¶ Telleth that he become apostata and forsook the faith for love of his disciple julianus/ ¶ Also that time one Arator a subdedene of Rome and a wonder poet made the book Actus Apostolorum all in versis of six feet. ¶ And saint Brendan Abbot of Irlonde was in his flowers that tyme. Of him been many wondres radde. and specially of his purgatory that is in the west side of I●lond ¶ Also that time seynte Steuens bones were brought to Rome and laid by saint laurence in the same place/ Thereof speaken Cronyckes of Rome and legends of holy saints and tell that when saint Steuens bones were brought thither/ saint laurence bones turned on his side. and had leyn up right alway tofore hond· but thenne he turned him so for to yeve place and stead to his fellow saint stephen   

¶ Capitulum septimum  
AFter justinianus the second justinus reigned eleven year That man despised pour men and spoylled the senators and gave him to covetise so that he made cofres of iron for to put in his treasure/ ¶ And fell atte last in to pelagius heresy & lost reason and good mynde· but he ordained one tiberius a mild man to govern th'empire Beda libro tercio capitulo tercio In this princes first year one columba priest and abbot come out of yrlond for to preach to the north picts that were departed from the south by high hills and downs/ for the south pyctes were converted tofore honde by ninianus the bishop of the nation of Brytons and he was sent thither therefore But he was first taught right well at Rome· his see was at candida casa. that is the white house there he lieth and rests/ And then that see pertained to men of brenicia/ Marianus libro secundo/ Badius a mighty king reigned among them though/ Beda ubi supra/ Then Columba come to the north picts and received of 'em the ylond hijs that was as it were of five meynes to build there an abbey that was heed of all thabbeys that be builded/ So that ylond useth alway to have him that is abbot and priest to rule and to govern hem· So that all the ppovynce and the Bisshopes also been subgette to that Abbote and priest in a manner ordre that is not used elleswhere· And that by ensample of her first Doctor Columba that was not Bishop but priest and monk After his coming two and thyrtty year he deyde and was buried there and left after him noble disciples/ But they were in doubt of the easter term and followed the cycles an honderd year & fifty unto the year of grace seven honderd and fyften  
Thenne came to them one egbertus a priest of Englysshe nation that had been long exiled in yrlonde· ¶ It was no wonder for the decretes of synods of the holding of the Easter tide come not yet to hem· for they were set f●r as it were out and over the Roundenes of the world Paulus libro secundo Narses patricius was sent. of justinus in to Italye & slough Totila king of goths and restored the state of thempire but the Romayns had so great envy to him/ so that they sent to justinus and said it was better to the Romayns for to serve the greeks than the goths/ Here narses patricius was emperor. Therefore themperor was moved and put his perfect longinus in narses patricius stead/ & the empress sophia augusta sent to narses a dispytous scorn that he should return in to constantinople & that he should with his wenchiss & with wymens' wit find cost & woollen threads/ Me saith that he answered thereto and said that he would warp such a web to the empress that she never should have it to her lives end/ then he went in to naples in Campania/ and sent the longobardes word that they should leave the power fields of pannonia and come in to the Rich lands of ytaly and so they died The longobardes came in to ytaly the morrow after easter day/ the year of our lord five honderd lxviij then was the kingdom of ytaly unyoked and delivered of the yock of constantinople· And the Romans were afterward rewled by patrycies/ R. There Albuinus king of Longobardes assailed ytaly/ Fiery hosts were seen in heaven that cast onte mannes blood as it were lightening/ therefore gregory speaketh in an Omelye/ Also in Ligurgia were wonder tokenes y seen in houses in doors and in clotheses/ and if any man would wesshe hem away· they were the more seen/ And after a year in men's channels at neither end sprang out as it were akehornes/ and after that came a brenning fever and slough men in the space of three dayes·s therefore men fled and left not at home but houndes·s No tylyer of the land were left in the fields ne in vyneyerdes the places of pasture were turned to buryels and sepulchres/ day and night men heard in thayer/ now tromps now grutching as it were of an host that passed/ but stappes neither forowes were none seen. Paulus. li/ 5/ The longobardes have that name of their long berdes·s they use to shave of their here of her heed fro the mould to the noll./ but tofore they had locks hanging down to the mouthe· they used large clotheses & long & specially linen clotheses as englysshe saxons were wont to use with broad laces woven with diverse colours/ they used high shoes up to the kne y slit tofore and laced with thwonges·s her hosen tilled to the ham and y tied with layners all about ¶ The first year of her coming her king Albuinus besyeged the Cyte papye three year and took it atte last and occupied all italy/ reserved Rome Paulus libro secundo. when the king albuinus rood in atte est gate of the cyte of papye/ the horse that he sat on fill down under him in the myddel of the yate· and might not be raised though he were pricked with spurs unto the time that the king had revoked and releced an harde· avow that he had made. he had made his avow that all the people that would not yield 'em should be slain with swords/ Thenne Albuinus reigned in ytaly three year and six months and deyde atte last by treason of his wyf in this manner ¶ This Albuinus dwelled in pannonia sometime and overcome the gespydes·s and also their king and made him a cup of the kings skulle for to drink of/ that manner cup is called Scala among hem and pathera a latyn Also he wedded Rosamunda the same kings daughter. that he had sleyn And atte cyte verona in ytaly at a great feast he made his wyf Rosamunda to drink of that cup whether she would or noo· and prayed her to drink with her fader·s And she had great indignation thereof and awaited her time when the king was out and laid herself privily in the bed of a damoysel That a Duke of the Kings loved specially/ the Duc came to that bed/ and supposed that she had been the Damysel▪ and say by her ¶ Thenne she spoke to the duke and said wost thou not what thou hast done/ Sekerly thou hast do such a deed now that thou shalt slay my husband Albuinus the king. or thou shalt be slain with his sword and so he slow the king For Rosamunda in an under tide bond so fast the kings sword/ that though slepte· that it might not be drawn out of the scaberde by cause the king should not mow help himself/ when that other came to slay him Thenne when the king was slain the sleer fled and went with the queen to Ravenna. & after that they had dwelled there a while/ Rosamunda saw a right fair young man that was prefect of the cyte· & loved him out of wit & by cause thereof she gave her husband venom for to drink/ and anon the duke felt the strength of the venom/ & drough out his sword & made his wyf drink that other deal/ & so they deyde both· but some men tell that when Rosamunda was slain One parideus that wist of the first treason come out of Ravenna in to constantinople and slough on leon in presence of themperour in common spectacle· where men stood for to byholde pleyes and ne we thynges·s But for he should not cast against the/ Cyte/ The Emperor made to put out both his eyen. but son after he took two knives privily in his sleeves/ and feigned that a secret council for to tell to themperour/ And the emperor sent him two pat●ricies that were privy with him/ & the foresaid perydeus' slough hem both at one stroke/ In that second year of justinus ethelbertus king of kente gave a battle to ceaulinus king of westsaxon and his brother cutha/ but they chased him and slow two of his dukes of wyl●aldoun· And that was the first battle that was between the Saxons ¶ That year cutwulf king ceaulinus's brother fought strongly against the Brytons at Bedford and took fro them four cities lygauburgh/ Eglesburgh Besington and evesham and deide the same year That time deyde saint germane bishop of paris a noble man and full of miracles ¶ When he bygan to wax s●ke he saw on the wall against his bed thus wreton/ Four days to fore maye· & thereby he knew that he should die on such a day & so died/ & was buried in the meadows bysyde paris Chilperitus the seventh king of France deyde all so that same time After him his son Lotharius reigned four and fifty yere· ¶ The Poet fortunatus of ytalye a clear man of wit and sharp of cunning soft and sweet of speech written saint martyns life in iiij books in metre and versis of six feet/ and was afterward Bishop of turon/ ¶ In this justinus seventh year was fulfilled the great cycle of the easter time/ that containeth five honderde year and two and thyrtty from crystes passion. so saith marianus 560 But fro the beginning of the world five thousand lxv year as some men suppose   

¶ Capitulum octawm  
Tiberius' constantinus was Emperor seven year/ This was myldest of all men and gave the treasure of the palace to pour men/ therefore his wyf blamed him oft. And men say that he answered her in this manner/ I trust in our lord that money shall not fail us at our need if we put our treasure in heaven Thenne he passed in a day besides themperours'emperors palace at constantinople/ and saw a cross graven in the paviment of marbelstone And him seemed that he was not worthy to trede upon it with his feet and specially upon that that should be printed in the forhedes of mankind And took up that stone/ And saw another grave in the same wyse· & thenne he saw the thyrdde in the same wise grau● & took it up & found there under treasure without end/ Pope johan deyde/ On his tomb it is wreton in metre in this man Bynam worship thought and word johan busily thought/ with will to please god. that all thing hath wrought After him the first benet was pope four year/ he brought many thousands of mesures of wheat in ships out of Egypte/ and delivered the cyte of Rome fro the meschyef of hunger while king Albuynus besieged that cyte. Therefore they written in his tomb in metre in this manner/ father benet thou benet thou livest greten mind/ Title of virtues fairness and gretene sorrow Marianus. ¶ That year Ceaulinus king of westsaxons overcome the Brytons and took of 'em the famous cyte gloucetre su●cetre· & bathan cestre. Also that year saint maurus deyde the year of his age lxxij/ he bore his maystres saint benettes stolen on his neck as long as his life lasted After benet pelagius was pope ten year   

¶ Capitulum nonum  
MAuricius was emperor one and twenty year a good crysten man of believe He overcam the perses and the Armenyes·s but atte last he discorded fro saint gregory. so that he spoke moche evil of him and founded to do him to death/ And thenne was seen a man in Rome clothed in monks wede with a sword draw in his honde that cryede in to all the cyte in this manner Mauricius shall be slain The emperor heard this and amended him of his evil deeds and prayed god that he would withdraw that doom Our lord showed himself to mauricius in his sleep and said/ wilt thou that I spare the here. either after this life Lord said he thou lovest wretches that been here in meschyef/ yield me here as thy will is ¶ Thenne when mauricius was in the eest lands and founded for to forbid his knights theft and robbery and gave 'em not wages as he was wont to do/ therefore the knights were moved and made one foca Emperor against him and Foca slaugh mauricius and his three sons while he fled in an ylond ¶ Marianus libro secundo ¶ That year ceaulinus and his son cutha fought against the Brytous at Fechaulege but cutha was slain there and ceaulinus had the byctorye Beda libro primo ¶ Elle king of deyra deyde the one and thyrtty year of his regne/ And Ida's son ethelbertus reigned fine year both in deyra and brenicia ¶ That year were born in france three brethren/ Ado/ Bado and dado/ Dado heat Audoenus also/ Afterwards he forsook chyvalrye· & was made bishop of Rouen Paulus libro quarto About this time guntranus king of france went an hunting in to a wood/ and his men were disperpled hither and thither on every side/ And the king wax wonderly slepy and laid himself to sleep/ and slept in one's lap that was most privy with him/ Thenne crept out of the kings mouth a little be'st and would have passed a little lake that there was fast by· the secretary in who● lap the king slept saw that & drow out his sword & laid it over the lake & that little be'st passed thereupon in to that other side & went in to a cave of an hill and abode there a while and came again the same way upon the sword in to the kings mouth After a while the king awoke and told his secretary that he had met a wonder sweven· and told that he met that he passed an iron brydge· and fond great treasure in an hill  
Thenne his secretary told him what he had seen and done thenne they tweine went to guider and digged greet treasure in that cave of that hill/ ¶ Of some of that treasure the king made a great covering as it were a shrine and cast for to send it to jerusalem· but he was let of that purpose. & died it over the body of saint marcel the martyr in the cite cabyllona ¶ Beda libro primo The holy father Columbanus with saint gallus and other noble disciples come out of Irlond in to burgoyn and builded there the abbey luxonium by leave of theodericus the king/ but he was driven thennes by brunmylda the queen and come in to Almayn/ and builded many abbeys that yet been famous there and resseyne but yrysshe men to monks. there columbanus left gallus and came in to ytalye and build the Abbay bonum/ That year fill so great rain that tiber wesshe the Walls ol Rome/ and cast up a great multitude of serpents and one great dragon·s and the stench of hem slew many men in the cyte Also there come a pestilence of evil in the channels of men at nether end/ that pestilence slow pelagius the pope. that pestilence was so wood that it slow men in the weigh/ at meet at playing and in talking and oft slow men with galling and sneezing/ thereof it cometh that men use to say when they fnese. god help the and when he gapeth to make a cross to fore his mouth/ For this pestilence saint gregory tharchdeacon of Rome ordained seven manner letanyes to be said on saint marcus day For he set in the first the clergy· in the second abbots & monks in the third abbesses with their menchons/ in the fourth children in the fifth lewdmen· In the sixthe widows and the seventh wives Beda libro primo capitulo visesimo tercio ¶ Gregory was pope thyrten year six months and ten days/ he made many noble beokes/ thereof quadraginta due omelie/ omelie super evangelia dominicalia moralia super job/ Omelye super principium et finem ezechielis Registrum pastoral dyalogorum and builded an abbaye in his own house Also in all the churches of Rome he ordained fasting every day in the lente for foryefnes of sins ¶ Also he mae all the heeds and lynmes of maumettes y cut of. & in the canon of the mass he put to/ Dyes que nostros in tua pace disponas and so forth ¶ Also he was the first of all pope's that called himself and written in bulles·s servus servorum dei/ that is servant of the servants of god▪ Also he ordained in the Synod and council at Rome. that the mynystres of the auter sbolde take heed to preaching & not to singing. & said that while me axith a sweet wis in holy service/ Covenable life is set a part and the syngar with his manners pricketh the people/ though he please 'em with his voys/ And though saint gregory were most holy yet he had bachiters and enemies that would have brent his books after his death/ but his deacon pers had sworn upon the book and by perylle of his soul and witness of his owen death that his books were endyted by inspiration of the holy ghost ¶ That year Ceaulinus king of westlaxon and oryda were slain. after him calfritus the son of his brother cuthulphus reigned strongly fyu● year/ after him his brother colwulfus reigned xiv year. Beda li/ ●/ ca 5. Ethelfridus was ethelricus son & Ethelricus was ydas son ¶ This ethelfridus bygan to regne over the northumbres and reigned nobly four and twenty year This was right strong and desired great worship and destroyed the Brytons more than all the Angles princes and made 'em tributaryes. he had by his wyf Acta king elles daughter seven sons and one daughter that hete ebba ¶ twain of his sons hight Oswaldns and oswyns Beda libro tercio capitulo tercio Columba deyde this time that was abbot and buyred in his abbaye in the ylonde hij ¶ Beda libro quinto/ ca 9 He had a name made of acella and columba and was called Colunkillus ¶ Beda libro primo capitulo visesimo tercio ¶ Also that year the great gregory sent Austyn the Monk to preach the word of god to englysshmen/ And Austyn was afeard and dread in the way and turned again to saint gregory/ And gregory comforted him and sent him with lettres to the bishop are latensis that he should help austyn in what that him neded· The tenor of thilk lettres and of other lettres that were sent to the king of kente and also answers that saint gregore gafe to Austyns questions been wreton in Registro gregorij and in beda Paulus libro quinto Also that year the longobardes by night assailed seint benettes abbey in the mount cassinus/ but the monks fled to Rome & took with 'em the book of the holy rule & a weight of breed for the journey and a measure of win that here evinia· Of this meschyef benette warued 'em before honde & prayed god and had it granted uneath that men of that place should be sauf/ In the River nylus at ylonde delta. the host of Rome saw mermyns in likeness of men and women that were so seen from the morrow unto the eventide ¶ That year Austyn came a land in the eest side of kente in the ylond thanet ¶ Some men call that ylond den●e/ then he came a land with forty felaws and some men interpreters to be with 'em out of the land of france by counsel of gregory· ¶ saint Austyn sent these interpreters to king ethelbertus the year of his kingdom six and thyrtty and said they were come out of Rome for hele & salvation of the king and of his Royamme The king herd this/ and had herd tofore honde of the same of crysten feyth· For he had to his wyf a crysten queen that was a Frenssh woman And had received her of her father and mother upon that condition that she should use and keep crysten faith/ ¶ Thenne after somewhat of days the king come in to that ylond-but he spoke with 'em without the house under the welkin/ In that doing he used the mysbyleve of misbelieved men and in his coming they areysed up the banner of the cross with a crucifix y peynted on a table and song the letanye and preached the wrod of life Thenne the king spoke to hem and said It is fair that you promise/ but for as moche as it is new I may not yet assent And by cause you been come fro far for my sake we shall spare you and find such things as shall be needful to your lyflode  
And we shall grant you l●ne also to turn of our men to your faith as many as you may/ When they heard this· they went with procession to the cyte and song alleluya and said Lord we pray the in all thy mercy that thy wrath be take fro this cyte And so they went in to the Cyte Dorobernia that is Caunterbury/ ¶ And lad their life as holy faders died in the beginning of holy church. in fasting/ in waking in beads bidding and in preaching of god's word and song masses and crystned in the eest side of the cyte in tholde church of saint Martin unto the time that the king was converted & a great deal of his people The king was converted and gave his doctor a place for the bishops see atte crystes church with many possessions and builded thabbey of saint peter and paul in the eeste side of the cyte. Austyn and his successors and also the kings of kente were wont to be buried there Beda li/ 26 ca/ 2/ ¶ In the mean time Austyn went to tharchebisshop Arelatensis and was sacred Archebisshop of him/ saint grego●e was certefyed thereof and sent to Austyn moo helpers/ Mellitus. justus and paulinus and books and relyquyes of holy saints & answers to saint Austyns questions/ such were thanswers as the church of Rome useth of all goods that fall that though goods should be deled on four parties/ One to the bishop. and his main to find 'em herbegerye and such as they need/ The second to the clergy/ the thyrdde to pour men· the fourth to the amendment of churches ¶ To 'em that lyven in common/ all thing is common. And what there leaveth shall be spended in deeds of mercy ● To the second that is asked while the faith is all one/ why been there so many diverse usages in churches/ hereto it is answered in this manner/ what thou knowest· is most plesing to god almighty gadre thou to gyders and make that to be used in churches of Englonde· Things been not loved for the place/ but the places been loved for good things ¶ Colwulfus the son of cutha ceaulinus's brother reigned in westsaxon fourteen year ¶ That time in the subarbis of constantinople come forth gree●● meruaylles and wondres/ for one child was boar with four feet and another with two nolles and moldes That year saint Ive the bisshoy that was born in pierce deyde in Englond ¶ Beda libro primo That year Austin by commandment of gregory made two archebisshops one at London and another at york/ In the mean time by help of ethelbertus gathered hisshops and doctors of brytons to guider in a place called Anstyns oc. that is Austyns strength/ that place is in the march of the wiccies and of the west saxons/ ¶ And there he charged 'em that they should preach god's word to the Angles with him. And also that they should amend some other errors among hem self & specially of thusage of the easter time/ And they withsaid openly till it were showed by an open token which party should be held/ then was a blind man brought forth of the nation of Angles that was healed and had his sight by the prayer of austyn· for brytons failed in that deed/ When the brytons saw that the blind man had his sight they knowleched that saint Austyns way was true/ ¶ But they said they might not forsake their old usages without assent of 'em that used the same Thenne be gathered a synod/ thereto came seven bishops of britons with the wisest men of that famous abbaye of bangor But first they had a counsel of an heremyte that they should assent to austyn if they fond hem meek and mild as Crystes disciple should be/ And that they might know if Austyn would arise against 'em when they come in to the synode· Austyn sat still in the bishops chair and rose not. therefore they forsook him in great wrath ¶ Thenne saint Austyn saide assent me specially in three things/ if you will not assent to me in the other Assent to me and hold the easter day in dew time and yeve you crystendome in the manner of the church of Rome and preach you gods word to the Angles/ and that other deal I suffer you to amend anonge yourself/ but they would not thereof Thenne saint Austyn by inspiration warned 'em and said/ that they that would not receive peace of her brethren should ress●yue of 'em war and wretch and afterward atte gods own doom. Hit was fulfilled by Ethelfridus king of northumberlond when the people and the monks of Bangor were slain at chestre   

¶ Capitulum decimum  
AFter that mauricius was slain Focas reigned eight yere· Ethelfridus king of northumberlond fought against Edan king of Scots at dexsastan and had a solemn victory/ but theobaldus the kings brother was slain and the host of all that be lad Beda libro secundo. Also that year the holy father saint austyn in a mydwynter day when he had christened ten thousand Englysshmen in the west river that is called small besides york/ he knew that he should die and ordained him a successor one laurence/ while he was alive himself for the state of holy church in Englond· that was yet rude and boisterous/ And that he died by ensample of saint peter that made clement his helper and his successor/ Also he ordained mellitus bishop of estsaxons/ The river thamyse departeth between 'em and kente/ her chief Cyte was london in the which Ethelbertus king of kente builded saint paulus church/ for to be cathedral church and the bishops see R ¶ Another cronyke saith that sebertus king of eest angles made paulus church in lond●n/ and he made justus bishop in kente at cyte dornbres that now is called Rochestre. And had first the name of one rufe/ and is by-west dorobernia that is caunterbury three and twenty mile/ In the which cyte of Rochestre king ethelbertus let build a church of saint Andrew Also the great gregory deyde that year After him gaminianus was pope two year/ he ordained that the hours of the day should be rungen to at chi●ches· And he sp●k evil of gregory· for he had made to great cost on pour men Therefore saint gregory appeared to him thrice and blamed hym·s And ●tte fourth time by cause he would not amend he smote him on the heed/ and thenne he a work and yielded up the ghost ¶ Also that year in wales saint david deyde that hete dewy also· he was bishop of mene●ia that now is called saint davies ¶ About that year deyde saint johan the Amener patriarch of Alexandria/ one's to him in his prayers appiered the fairest maid that might be crowned with olive and called herself mercy and promised him that he should speed weal/ if he would take her to his spouse. And fro that day forward johan was the more merciable. So that all pour men he called his lords ¶ Therefore it is that saint johans' hospitalers call pour men lords/ ¶ Also this johan had all the pour men's na●es of his cyte written in a book Also he used twice a week to sit all day to fore the church door for to a●orde men that were in stryf· In a time he had seten there all day/ and saw no man pleyne thenne he groaned and said/ who is me wretch for this da●/ was I not worthy to do no good deed. yes said the dekene/ this day thou shouldest be glad & and make great joy. for now men been made right as Angels without strif ¶ Also on a time while the gospel was a reding the people went out of the church for to talk and tell tales/ & he went out also and sat among hem and said where the sheep be/ there the herd shall be/ then go you in to the church and I shall go with you/ or if you abide here I shall abide with you  
¶ And after that he taught 'em for to stand at church in the mass time ● ¶ And johan in his prayers was oft heard as it were speaking with god almighty and saying so so/ Lord Ihesu· thou yevest largely and I deal forth/ look who shall have the maystrye After Saminianus the thyrdde Bonefacius was pope eight months and eight and twenty days/ he ordained that no clotheses should be laid upon the auter but white clotheses/ after the thyrdde boneface. the fourth boneface was pope seven yere· he purchased of themperour Augustus' focas. that saint Peter's church at Rome should be heed of all the churches in the worlde· For the church of Constantinople called herself the first ¶ Also he purchased that pantheon might be hallowed in worship of all halowen Pantheon was the church that was sometime hallowed in worship of the goddess Cybele and neptunus there fendes slew often crysten men Therefore every year two days to fore November the pope singeth there and the people houseled/ Also he treted that lining the bishop noman should treat of the new election of his successor but three days after the bishops deth· Also he deemed that monks might use the office of preaching of christening and of assoylling/ ¶ About that time tunica domini inconsutulis that was our lords kyrtell· or cote without any seem was founden in the vale of josephat in a cofre of marble by gregory bishop of Antiochia and brought to jerusalem R ¶ If this be sooth it seemeth that it may not stand that is radde tofore honde in T ●erius Caesar's time/ For there it is radde that Pilatus stood to be deemed to fore Tiberius' cesar and might not be dampened/ while he had on that kyrtel without seems. Tunica xpristi inconsutilis· if pilatus had this kyrtell with him at Rome It seemeth that it was not afterward y take thennes and brought to the vale of josephat Also if that time that kyrtel was founden in the vale of josephat. So it seemeth not that pilatus had not that kyrtel with him at Rome Trevisa ¶ It was no more maystrye to bring that kyrtel fro Rome in to the vale of josephat than it was to bring it fro jerusalem to Rome And so it may well stand that pilatus had that kyrtel at Rome· And the same kyrtell was founden afterward in the vale of josephat Beda libro secundo Also that year ethelfridus king of northumberlond destroyed th● Brytons at legecestre the Cyte of legyons that Brytons callen coerlegyons that is chestre/ he slough there about a two thousand two honderd monks of thabbey of bangor that were comen to pray for his knights and he slough 'em fast by the cyte only ●/ with her leder brucivayl that escaped out of the host & fled ¶ The number of the monks that dwelled in that abbey were two thousand and an honderd that is seven scythes three honderd/ And all they lyveden by travail of their own hands. The perses aroos against th'empire and took jerusalem and had a way the banner of the cross And byname the romayns many provinces/ then baraclyan Rector of affryca slough Foca themperour and made his own son heraclius emperor   

¶ Capitulum 11  
HEraclius was emperor/ xxvij year/ in his iij/ year cosdras king of pierce set Ierlm afyre & other holy places. & took zacharye the patriarch p●isoner with moche other people/ & the part of the cross that helen had left there he had with him in to pierce/ but in his xij year heraclius slough cosdras & so the prisoners were delivered & the cross was brought again to  with pride and with boost/ the gate closed against him by doing of god almighty but the king meked him and go barfote & thenne the gate opened again/ And sith that time holy church hath ordained the feest of the exaltation of the holy crosse· Will/ de re/ li/ i/ Colwulfus king of westsaxon deyde/ And after him two sons of his brother colricus reigned to guider/ one hete kyng●l●us and that other quichelinus that dyden many great deeds against the britons and specially at hampton byside oxenford and also against penda king of mercia that would have taken fro them of her kingdom the cyte of surcetre at last kyngilsus was crystned of seint birinus but quichelinus voided and would not receive the sacrament of crystendom till he was warned by feebleness of his body. And thenne he crystned and deyde the same year And so Kyngilsus reigned in all with his brother and after his brother two and thyrtty year ¶ Her is to be noted that auctors vary/ For Willelmus saith that Quichelinus was kyngylsus brother/ But marianus and beda sayen that he was kyngylsus son After bonefacius one deus dedit that hete theodorus also was pope four year ¶ That time atte exyting of king ethelbertus a Cytezeyn of london builded a church of saint peter in the westside of london in a place that though hete thorney/ that is to say the ylond of thorns & now is called westmonestre/ Beda li/ 2 capitulo quinto/ That year ethelbertus king of kente deyde and went to heaven after that he had reigned in this worlnd. Luj year the year after he had received the faith ·xxj. After him his son edbalndus reigned twenty-five yere· he was apostata and say by his stepdame/ and therefore he was oft wood. That time when Sebertus king of westsaxons was deed his three sons and his heirs turned to idolatry and prayed mellitus bishop of the place to yeve him white breed as he had sometime y yeue to their fader· but he would not but if they would receive crystendome/ therefore they put him out of his bisshopryche. And he went to the Bishops of Kent· then mellitus and justus by one assent went out of englonde in to ffraunce. For hem were liefer serve god in peace than be bishops among straunce nations without fruit But son afterward the misbelieved kings were slain of the king of the gywesses/ ¶ Beda libro capitulo nono Also after the other bisshops· Laurence tharchbishop purposed for to forsake the countrey-And in a night after his prayers peter appiered to him and blamed him for he would forsake his people and not only blamed him but bete him also full sore/ And on the morrow the bishop showed his wounds to king Edbaldus/ then this king forsook his idolatry. his mysbyleve and his unlawful wife and turned again to his right fe●th and sent for the Bishops that were fled and brought 'em again to their bisshopryches. but the londoners would not resseive again their bishop mellitus/ for they had liefer to serve idolatry for the king was not so strong as his father was to chast●se them. then Laurence deyde & mellitus was archebisshop after him/ & though he was podagre on his body he was glad of heart and healed seek men by his prayers and saved his cyte from brennyng· Paulus li· 5/ About that time cacanus king of the anes that been the hunes come in to ytaly & bete down the longobardes & slow her duke gysulfus & besieged the Cyte Aquilia/ Romilda the wyf of the duke that was slain saw him walk about in the siege and saw that he was fair and lovely/ and loved him greatly and sent him word anon that if he would take her to wyf she would deliver 'em the cyte and all that was therinne The king granted and the cyte was taken and brent and the men take prisoners & lad away and the king took romylda as ho had promised but it was in scorn and say by her one night/ & in another night he made twelve of the hunes to lie by her in despite each after other. ¶ Afterwards he pight a sharp pole in the myddel of the felde· and pight her through out her body with the over end of the pole and let her be there & sayde· so cruel an harlatt such an husband seemeth to have· the daughters of Romilda were chaste and drew not to hoerdome after her mother. for the maidens took raw fflesshe of chykens or colts and laid it between their breasts for the flesh should stink when the hunes come and they should ween that the maidens stonke and for that cause the hunes left and come not nigh hem/ But afterward the maidens were sold and wedded to gentilmen· Beda/ li/ 2/ ca/ 9 While edwinus fled the persecution of ethelfridus & hid him/ redwaldus king of eestangles was assenting to edwinus death & that for menace or for yefts of ethelfredus/ One of edwinus friends was war thereof and warned edwinus of that peril and promised him that he would bring him in to a syker place if he would go with hym· he withseyde it as though he would not be the first that should break the trewes and accord that was made between him and the king/ then he sat all one in a great thought and one come to him that he knew not and asked him why he sat all one sorrowful/ and said/ I wot who thou art and why thou art sorry and what is thy dread/ thenne if any man slow thin enemies and brought the to thy kingdom/ Also if he showed to the the best counsel of salvation and better than any of thy forfaders ever heard wouldest thou not assent and do by his rede & his counseyl/ yes truly said he and that I yromyse the. But the other laid his honde on Edwinus heed and said/ when this token cometh to the have in mind of this time/ and of this speech/ and do/ as thou promysed· when. this was said/ he vanished away/ ¶ After this his foresaid friend come to him and warned him that the kings will was turned to him that gathered his host atte laste· and met with Ethelfridus in the Countries of Mercia by Eeste the water Idle and slough him right there. ¶ And he made Edwinus King of both kingdoms of Northumberlonde· of deyra and of brenicia/ And edwinus reigned after that xvij year/ when this was done ethelfridus sons oswald of twelve year old and oswyns of four year old by sleight of their wardeyns were lad in to scotland. After the pope that hete deus dedit/ the ·v/ boneface was pope five year ¶ saint Anastasius monk and martyr was born in pierce/ in his childhood he learned of his father wytchecrafte and nygromancye/ there he received the faith of cryst of crysten men that were prisoners and forsook pierce & passed by calcidonia & Iherapolis and come to jerusalem· & there he was crystned· and four mile out of the cyte in an abbey that that now is called saint anastasius abbay· he lived by rule seven year/ he came in to cesarea in palestina for to bid his beads & was take prisoner ano lad in to pierce and there he was long bound and beaten and sent to cosdra king of pierce and put to death One that was vexed with a fiend was delivered by virtue of his kyrtel when he was clothed with all. heraclius cesar overcome the perses & brought anastasius body to Rome· & laid it in seint paul's mynystre ad aquas· laurence archebisshop of caunterbury deyde and mellitus bishop of london was archebisshop five year And thenne after him ced saint chaddes brother was Bishop of london· After bonefacius honorius was pope xij year. that year he raclius overcome the perces and. slow cosdras & brought again the cross/ this was a cunning astronomer/ and knew by the stars that circumcided men should destroy his royamme. and sent to the king of ffraunce that he should drive all the jews out of his Royamme or make 'em to receive baptemme/ And so it was done· Afterwards was bigonne great war and battle between the Romans and the saracenes. And heraclius brought the holy cross out of jerusalem in to constantinople/ A great deal of that cross was sent to Louis king of ffraunce in the year of our lord a thousand two honderd and seven and forty Dagobertus the ninth king of ffraunce reigned after his father lotharius three and thyrtty year/ when mellitus the archebisshoppe of Caunterbury was deede· thenne justus Bishop of Rochestre was Archebisshop after him/ and made one Romanus Bishop of rochestre after him in his stead/ for justus had sent paulinus that had be the thyrdde bishop of Rochestre to men of northumber land for to be bishop of york and for to wed edelberga edbaldes sister to king edwinus and to convert his people ¶ Henricus libro secundo & W●de/ re/ libro primo   

¶ Capitulum duodecimum/  
THat year penda paganus the tenth after wooden was the son of wybba and bygan to regne when he was fifty year old/ and reigned in mercia thirty. year/ R/ But some cronykes say that cryda kin woldes son was the tenth after wooden and the first that reigned in mercia and reigned ten year. and after him his son wibba reigned twenty year/ and after wybba his kennisman ceorlus reigned ten year/ and after him pen●a wibbas son reigned thyrtty year/ he slough the two kings of n●oth●̄berlond edwin and oswald and three kings of eest angles Sigebertus egritus and annas Also the queen his wyf bore him five sons/ wedda/ wulferus/ etheldredus merwaldus & merce●linus and two daughters saint kyneburgh and saint kyneswyd Beda libro 2/ capitulo 9/ That year in an Easter-Day came to the Ryal cy●● beside the water dorwent one eumerus a sword man with a sword y venymed sent fro quichelinus king of westsaxon for to slay king edwinus/ But one lylla the kings trusty servant for he had none other sheld· he put his own body against the stroke and was smitten through the body/ and the king was wounded with the same stroke./ and the sword man was smeton through with swords in every side/ and slow another knight with his cursed sword/ Also the same ester night the queen had a daughter that hete enfleda/ the king gave her to god & made paulinus to hallow her in token of covenant that he would fulfil his by●este and be a crysten man if he had victory of the king of west saxon/ then on a whitesonday the maid was crystned. and th● king was tho first uneath hole of his wound/ and gathered his host and overcome the king of westsaxons. But though king edwinus forsook his mawmetrye and would gladly hear paulinus yet he avysed him long time with his counsel what was best to do in that manner of doing/ Also he that time received lettres that pope bonefacius sent him and comforted him to the faith and he received a shirt/ some thereof was wrought with gold and another letter of the same tenor was sent to the queen with a mirror of silver and a comb of yvorye. somdele overgylt ¶ Paulinus saw that the king was hard to convert and made his prayers to God and learned by inspiration/ that a token sometime was showed to the Kynge· while he was exiled with Redwaldu●/ Thenne on a day paulinus laid his hand upon the kings heed & asked if he knew that token The token was known & paulinus said/ lo thou hast overcome thine enemy's and won thy kingdom. then do as thou hast promised and be true to him that so hath helped the· thenne the kyn●e took counsel of lords & was crystned at york and many other the year of his reign enleuē● thenne caysy first of bishops so soak his maumetrye & against the usage of their false holiness armed h●m & leepe an a noble horse and destroyed the temples of maumettes/ It was not leeful to the bishop of misbelieved men to be armed ne to ride but on a mar●. From that time forward unto the sleyn● of king ●dwynus paulinus baptized c●ntinuelly s●x year in both provinces in deyra and in brenicia in the Rivers gleny and swala· and prech●d in the province of lyndeseye and builded a church of stone at lyndecoln that is lyncoln. Afterwards in that church when justus tharchebisshop was deed paulinus sacred honorius Archbisshop of dorobernia that is caunt●rbury in his stead with such authority of pope honorius· that if tharc●bisshop of caunterbury or of york be deed. he that is alive h●th power to sacre another bishop in his stead that is dede· Beda libro secundo ca ·16· Thenne there was so great peace in edwinus kyngd●m that a woman might go from one toun to an●ther without any gr●ef or anoyng· Also fo● refreshing of weyg●e●s there as clear well●s were by high ways/ the same king made arere posts and to hung thereon shells or cups of br●s· And noman durst take thilk cups but to the same use/ he was the first man that won the ylond eubon●a that is man/ R●dwaldus so●e corpwaldus king of est Angles by comfort of edwynus receyu●d the fey●h of holy church both he & his men/ & was slain not long after of one rigbertus a mysbylevid man/ Beda li/ 2/ ca/ 17 That year the pope honorius sent the p●l to honorius archebisshop of caun●●rbury with lateres/ that informed him of the manere of the ordeyn●nge of Arch●bisshops in brytayne/  
Also he sent lettres to the Scots of the holding of Easter-Day/ and charged them/ that they should not trow that they that were so few/ in th'end of the world should be more cunning. than C●ysten men that been now and were in old time  
¶ Beda libro secundo capitulo visesimo  
That year Penda King of Mercia And Cedwalla King of Brytons slough king Edwynus in the felled of hattefelde/ These two kings penda and cedwalla were so cruel in that province that they spared neither man ne woman ne young ne old neither religion/ And yet unto this time the Brytons acounte the faith and religion of Angles for naught/ In the time of that myschyef paulinus Archibisshop of york took with him the queen and her daughter canfleda and went by water way in to kent And the church of Rochestre was tho void by the death of Romanus the bishop. for he was tho adreint. and so paulinus was made bishop of Rochestre/ and was there bishop nineteeen yere· and de●d and left there his pal/ ¶ Willelmus de pont libro primo And so the church of men of northumberlond was without bisshoprich after paulinus death/ xxx· year. & was without the use of pal. score year &/ u Beda li·3· ca· 1/ When edwinus was dead osiricus was king of deira· osiricus was elfricus son & elfricus was edwinus come. but ethelfridus caufricus son was king of brenicia/ & anon both these kings turned to manmetrie/ but cedwalla slow hem both in one year one after other by gods rightful wreche· therefore it pleased hem that accounted the time to with draw the mind of mysbylened kings/ so that thilk ungracious year should be accounted unto the reign of oswald that reigned afterward· & after the sleing of his brother caufridus with a little host/ he slough the foresaid cedwalla that come against him with a wonder huge host in a place that hete denisseburn & is called denisus lake also. the place where as oswald kneeled & rered a cross & prayed god for the salvation of his men to fore the battle/ that place hete heaven field/ that place is now in great worship W/ de ro li. ● ¶ That place is in the northside of that famous wall that the legyon of rome bilded thwert over the ylonde not f●r fro the church bagustald/ Beda li/ 3/ ca 1/ Of the spoons of this cross be done many virtues & wondres/ To fore that time was no church that had an auter in brenicia till king oswaldus had raised that cross at that battle. & so after there was bilded a church. Beda li/ 3/ capitulo/ 2. King oswald axed of the scots & had it granted that Bishop Aidanus should come and teach his people. then the king gave him a place of the Bishops see in the ylond lyndefar/ there men might see wonder· for the bishop prechid in scottisshe and the king told forth in englyssh to the people what it was to say or meene· thenne all day came scottissh monks for to preach to the Angles out of Aydanus Abbaye that was in the ylond hij/ Beda li/ 3/ capitulo quarto/ Aidanus was the mirror of abstinence. and fasted every day unto none He lived none other wise but taught All that was yeven him he yaf it gladly to pour men/ he go on his feet and road on none horse· he preached walking up and down/ he spared not to t●lle the defaults of rich men for reverence ne for dread/ he yave no money but only mete· if he bade he would yeve. he raunsoned prisoners out of prison and made 'em his disciples full oft/ the occasion of his coming in to englond was this/ To fore honde was sent a stern man in to englond atte prayer of king Oswald for to teach his people & died but little prouffyt and turned home ayene to his own/ as he that had travailed in you'll/ then the Scots treted among them for to send another man in to englond/ Men say that to him that was so comen again in to Scotland Aidanus spoke in this manner. Brother me seemeth that thou were harder/ than thou shouldest be/ For to men that been rude and unconnynge· thou yaf not at the beginning the milk of good loore/ as thappostle teacheth/ that when they been esely brought in little and little thenne been they able to understand parfyght loore. thenne when that was herd aidanus was sent as the more discrete man and wise. By his word and ensample oswald had hope to the kyngd●m of heaven and not only that/ but also he had a greater earthly kingdom. for all nations of brytayne that were deled in four languages/ Brytons pyctes' Scots. and Angles took him to their lord and king ¶ Also it is said of him that on an Easter-Day aydanus sat by him at meet/ and a great multitude of power men come to the kings gate/ and asked for to have of the kings alms. And for the king had not else atte honde to yeve hem· he took the mess that was set to fore him and the dish of silver and broke it all to pyeces and sent it to the pour men The bishop saw that and took the king by the right honde & said I pray god that this hand wax never old and so it happened/ for afterward when oswald was slain that arm was cut of from the body and dured hoole and sound atte Ryal cyte of bebbanburgh Beda libro tercio capitulo 8 ¶ It is said of him that for he used so oft for to bid his beads/ or make his prayers & to thank god almighty alway where ever he sat/ that he would stretch his hands and hold 'em to gyders and leave on his knees/ And therefore yet it is a bysawe God have mercy on souls said oswaldus and fill to the grounde· ¶ Also that year were ordained bishops Audoenus of Rotomagis and●ligius The Abbott Gallus/ the disciple of columbanus was thenne in his flowers in almaigne/   

¶ Capitulum 13  
saint Birinus the confessor was sent of honorius the pope for to preach to englysshmen. And while birinus sailed in the see of brytayne/ he bythought on his restellies that he had foryete in the haven and go upon the see and fet his restellies Beda libro tercio capitulo sexto/ This birinus converted kyngilsus king of westsaxons and christened him atte cyte dortyk. that is dorchestre/ there was king oswald present and was kyngilsus Godfader and wedded his daughter afterward/ and both the kings gaf that cyte for to ordain there a bishops see and there birinus deyde after the fourteenth year of his b●sshoprich and was buried there· But atte last by hedda bishop of wynchestre birinus was translated to wynchestre in to the church of saint peter and paul ¶ R But the canons of dorchestre say nay and say that it was another body than saint birinus's body that was so translated ¶ Therefore a byere of a wonder werck is yet seen at dorchestre above the place of his first grave/ that cyte dortyk or dorkynga that now is called dorchestre is seven mile by south oxenford set between twey Rivers of Tame and of Temse Also it is founden in cronykis that king kyngilsus assigned all the land seven mile about for to make a Bisshopis see in wynchestre and for the sustenance of the ministers/ and for the king was let●e by his death evil that he might not fulfil it. he sworn that his son kenwalcus should fulfil it afterward ¶ Willelmus de 'pon libro secundo/ ¶ This cyte dorchestre longed to the bishops of mercia fro that time unto the coming of the normans/ but in wiliam conquerors time the bishops see was changed to lyncolyn ¶ Willelmus de 'pon libro primo ¶ That year felyx of the n●cion of burgoyn that had been ho●ely with sigebertus king of ●st angles while he was exiled in France/ come with him in to englond and was made bishop f●●st of don wyck· and was there bishop xv● year ¶ Beda libro tercio capitulo 17 ¶ This Sigebertus had the kingdom after his brother corpwaldus and ordained scoles of lettrure in his kingdom as he had seen in France and assigned petagoges and maystres for children in the manner of caunterbury men Atte last he bytoke his kingdom to his nephew egritus and was shore monk in an abbaye that he himself builded ¶ But afterward king penda paganus warrayed in that kingdom and sigebertus was draw out of the abbey as it were for to strength the knights and so he was slain in his simpleness and bore but a rod in his honde/ and all his host was neigh slain After him reigned Anna Enus's son penda slough him/ But while segebertus reigned an holy man that hete furs●us come out of yrlond in to the province of eest angles and in the way converted many men/ or made 'em more steadfast in the faith. there in a time he was seek and was warned in a vision by an Angel that he should busily do as he had bygonne and busily wake and make his prayers thenne by help of the king he builded an abbaye by the see in a castle that hete cimbrisburgh. there he wax seek again and was ravished out of his body spirituelly unto the sight of holy angeles there he herd the sown of that verse of the sawter. holy men shall go forth fro virtue to virtue god of gods shall be s●en in zion Also his spirit came to his body again and take away again the thyrdde day/ and saw not only the greet joy of holy seyntes but also the greatest stryf of evil spirits by which they purposed to let holy men/ then he was left an high/ and saw under him four fires in the air and the Angel that lad him expowned to him the fires in this manner and said that these fires shall destroy the world· the first fire is the fire of losing for men do not as they promised in their baptemme/ the second is the fire of covetise when riches is more loved than god almighty/ the thyrdde is the fire of discord and of stryf when men greven her neighbours without cause· the fourth is the fire of wickedness when the greater or myghtyer dreadeth not for to undo and destroy the lass o●d feebler These fires seemed gathered as it were all in to one ¶ Thenne furseus was sore aghast and cried and the angel said to him/ what thou hast not set a fire in the shall not brenne/ This shall examine and search all men's dedes·s thenne furseus came to a gate that was open and fendes threw on him a man that they tormented in fire/ And therewith furseus shoulder and his cheek were brent/ Anon furseus knew that man/ and knew that he had received his clot when he deyde/ the angel that lad furseus threw that clot in to the fire/ and the fiend said throw not away that which thou hast to fore hand approved/ For thou hast received the goods of sinful men/ so thou shalt be partner of their pains. nay said the angel he received it not for covetise but for salvation of his soul/ and then the fire ceced/ and the angel said to furseus what thou hast set a fire that hath brent thee/ thenne furseus was brought to his body again. the same mark & token that he had felt in his soul/ he bore alway after seen on his shoulder and cheek Afterwards as oft as furseus told this tale though he were right thin clothed in the myddel of the cold winter. he should sweet for dread/ ¶ at last furseus left that abbaye to his brother fullanus and he went with another brother vulcanus and lived heremytes life all one year/ then that province was anon destroyed by running and reyses of strangers and he sailed in to France and deyde there after many great deeds of virtue and was buried at perma. ¶ After honorius Severinus was pope one yere· In his time the jews were converted and turned to crysten faith ¶ Heraclius themperour after his noble vyctoryes erred out of the faith and that by counsel of Cirus patriarch of Allexandria and of Sergius patriarch of constantinople And Eraclius deyde in the droposye/ and was shende with the heresy of the Jacobites that were they that mysunderstode saint Jame thappostle/   

¶ Capitulum/ 14  
About that time lived machamet the false prophet duke and leder of Sarasyns and of turkes·s his story is brought in this manner/ But steven of caunterbury and girald of cambria helpen moche in this matter. Sometime while th'empire of rome was in great might and strength. Crystendome was nigh wydder and more than th'empire of Rome was in great might & is no wonder. for crystendom was so encreced that it contained Europa and many provinces of Asia and well nigh all affryca within his merkes and bounds. Atte last by discord & stryf of crysten men between 'em self/ It was do that that Agarenes wax strong/ the agarenes have three names and been called agarenes Ismalytes and saracenes/ of her empire prophesied methodius the martyr and said that crysten religion should ●aue little without thends of Europa ¶ Also after that error of Sarasyns had infect all affryca. it defouled also a great deal of spain And but god's grace and mercy had helped/ it would have infect and shent all ffraunce with spain ¶ Thenne after the great gregoryes time the empire of Rome that stretched sometime from th●ccean of brytayne unto the ends of pierce was so destroyed with tyrauntrye and civil bataylles that it was not of power to defend itself against enemies/ then the cruel paynym host of pierce bygan to occupy many provinces of the lordship of Rome and of men of crysten faith in the est lands/ Thenne as th● great fly followeth the trace of the malshawe. so after other woe cometh pestilence of the ismalytes that was more grievous and destroyed neygh the crysten men that were left in the eest lands by leading of the prince machomete in heraclius themperours time Thenne in the fifth bonefas time while heraclius regnede about the year of our lord six honderd and twenty. machamete the false prophet and witch beguiled the ysmalytes and agarenes in this manner. a famous clerk was atte court of Rome and might not speed at his will and p●ssed the see and pleased many men and had 'em at his assent/ Among the which he promised machomete that he would make him prince of h●s people if he would do as he said/ then this clerk fed up a dove and made him fe●che his meet in machome●s ere. for there he put the co●ne that the dove should eat/ And of that same the dove would oft feed himself thenne in a day this clerk gathered the people together and promised them that he would make him their prince whom the holy ghost would show in likeness of a dove and let anon his dove flee. And the dove as he was wont sat upon machomets' sholderes and put his bylle in machamets ere/ And therefore machamet was choose prince and leder of the people. This that is said is the common tale· but what now followeth is more allowed and approu●d· A monk that hete sergius was put out of the company of monks that he was among for he was fall in to nestorius errour· he came in to Arabia and put himself to machomete and informed him though it be radde that this sergius was archedeken of Antiochia or patriarch of jerusalem· thenne machomet faderles and moderles was in his emes keeping in his childhood and worshipped maumetrye somewhat of time with his country men of Arabia/ and he gave himself specially to worship venus'/ And therefore it is that yet the saraseyns held the friday holy as the jews done the saturday and we the sunday ¶ After that machomet come to age and was sharp of wit and went. in to many lands by cause of merchandise and was oft in company of jews and of crysten men and learned the maners· usages and custommes of both the laws of crysten men and of the jews/ And couth both wytchecraft and nygromancy/ and was a wonder fell man and far casting and had noble faconde and fair speech/ th●nne he come to the lady of the provynte Corozonia/ the lady hete cadygan/ And with some spices that he brought with wytchecraft and fair words he made the lady so mad and so nice that she worshipped him as the greatest prophet of god almyghty· or as it were messias thant the jews abiden/ and she desired him to husband/ It is the usage of that province to be ruled also by women Thenne he wedded the wedewe that was queen and so he was made lord of that province/ then he drew to him the Arabes and occupied the est empire unto Allexandria against heraclius themperour/ Thenne he took the manner of speaking of true prophets as though god had spoken in him & spoke in this manner in his books that he made/ Our lord spoke to his prophet and said. for so the books that he feigned gylefully should be believed as though they were made by authority of god almighty  
Thenne not only his own men but also men of far lands fill to him and bowed to him in every side. he had great liking to have greater lordship And as it were for to bring men in to good manner living and as it were by commandment of god almighty he assoylled the nations that dwelled nigh him and died by craft and by gyle that he might not do by deeds of Armes ¶ Therefore when Egypte Libya arabia and Syria were subgett by cause he would seem the more holy· he drew the people that were subget to his false law and made 'em to forsake the usages and laws of their fornfaders/ And he forbade the paynems maumetrye and he granted circumcision to the jews as they had used· and feigned of his own self some new laws and alleged witness of either testament The sarasyns call that law his law yet unto this time ¶ And he bade the Sarazens circumcide hem as the jews done/ and forbade 'em that would follow him eting of swynyssh flesh/ And machomet would tell the cause why he forbade them the swynyssh flesh and said that swine come of camels dirt after no's flood and therefore clean men should eschew it as meet that is unclean. ¶ And as it were to accord with Crysten men in the manner of crystning/ he ordained oft washing of limbs in water as it were for cleansing of sins And for to bring the people that was so beguiled the faster to snarl/ what he knew that was most playsanut to man's liking he ordained that for law/ And so he ordained that a man should have as many wives and concubines as he might sustene with his catel/ Also that a man might have wives of his own kindred unto the number of four. and that a man might four scythes forsake his wyf and take her again/ & also that he might have as many concubines as he would of women/ that were bought prisoners·s And also that he might sell 'em but if he had brought any of 'em with child- And ordained 'em to use sobrenes of meet and drink/ and forbade him drinking of win/ but it were in certain solemn days in the yere· And for he would somdele vary fro the jews that worshipped god westward/ and fro crysten men that worshipped god eestward/ he taught his people to worship god south ward with oft knelynges·s for in the south is plente of light/ he ordained 'em to worship the goddess venus and to hold the day thereof solemn and ● holy. that is friday/ he bade worship one almighty god creator and maker of all things and said that moyses and johan were Prophets and that Cryst was greater and greatest of all prophets & that he was born of the maid marry by virtue of god without man's seed as he saith in his book that hete Alcoran. netheles he meddled some false saws with sooth saws/ And said that criste was afterward born up to heaven and not slayne· For he saith that judas the traitor sought cryste in a den and changed in to the likeness of cryst/ & so he was take & nailed to the cross in stead of crist ¶ Also he bade that the men of his law should every year if they might go in to gods house that is in matha for to bid her beads/ & when they were comen thither they should been clothed in one manner clothing/ & they should throw out stones through hooles of the walles·s as it were for to stone the devil/ & said that Abraham made that house for his childed ismaelytes/ for they should there bid their beads/ Also by machomets' law ●e that were take with a woman in spousebreche should be stoned to death/ & if he deed fornication with a sengle woman he should have four score lasshes/ A thief the first time and the second time should be beete· & the thyrdde time he should lose his hands/ and the forth time he should lose his feet/ And he saith that who that holdeth all this and other heestes of his law god almighty promised him paradys'/ the orchard of plesyre & liking. there is no distemprure ne pain that is any manner of gryef but all manner of wealth and of liking/ there is liking meet for to eat and clotheses to were and maidens tembrace fair shall serve them there/ the Angels been so great and so huge that from that one eye to that other is the space of a day iourneye· & to them that hold ne keep not his lawe· he promiseth 'em fire & pain of hell without end/ And also in his book that is called alcoranum he praiseth all the faders of tholde testament. & specially moyses and johan the baptist· Cryste and machomete Also there he preyseth all that that believe in god and do rightwysenes/ but it is not there read what is the right faith. ne what men been of right believe. ne what men been of misbelief Also there is wreton that five books come fro heaven for the information of mankind/ the sawter/ moyses books/ the books of prophets and machometes Koran/ In that Alcoron it is wreton that god almighty would rule and lede mankind in to the way of savacion· and after abraham he gave to the children of Israel a law by which law they should know God and worship him/ ¶ But for they told not of his law god gaf the gospel to other men/ And also they mysused the law/ And the Arabes that came of Abraham by ysmael were more men and greater people than the jews that come of Abraham. by Isaac. And the Arabes that were left were left without law/ therefore out of the consistorye of god's rightwysenes come a decree that a prophet of her own people should be sent to the ysmaelytes with a law/ the which prophet and law the sarasyns should follow as the jews followed moyses·s and crysten men Cryst And therefore the Sarasyns hold themself better than jews and Crysten men for they hold holy their law/ And jews & Crysten men oft trespacen against their own law/ For to bring this about/ machomet norysshed and fed a fair camel in a prive place/ so that the camel had no meet but of his own honde/ And machomet waited his time and hinge that cursed book Koran about the camels neck. in that book were the foresaid laws wreton And machomet let go the foresaid camel in to the fields with the book about to fore day light/ Thenne the camel as it was no wonder bygan to lepe and to start and made great joy for he was at large and fled every man and would come nigh no man's honde-Speche of this wonder sprang once in fields and towns and the people gathered thither out of every side. But when machomete was comen the be'st saw him a far that yaf him alweye meet & ran to him anon right· & bowed to him and lykked his hands as he was taught. then the people cried and said in this deed is showed the holiness of god's prophet/ And they prayed him that he would undo the book with his holy hands/ and when the book was opened/ Lo saith machomet Here is your law not wreton with man's ink but with angels hands and scent fro heaven for to be bolden ever without any. end In the book you been taught how you shall worship god/ & how greet meed you shall hope to receive of him for keeping of this law/ The day that this was done in is every year made solemn and holy/ and is called the fist of the camel/ and they fast a month to fore that feast in this manner Every day of that month fro the first light of the day when men may know between white & blac unto the going doum of the son/ they fast & eat not ne drink/ ne delen with their wives/ but been alway in her prayers but after the going down of the son unto the dawynge again they eat drink and lie by their wives/ but seek men and feeble been not held so for to fast. This machomet displeased oft his wyf for he had the falling evil/ and in that evil he fill oft to the ground/ But he pleased her and other that had r●sseyued his law in this manner and said that he fill to ground for the words of seint mychel tharchangel that spoke with him so oft For a flesshliman he said may not suffer an angels words but if he fall/ he hated win drunkenness as Rybawdrye/ and harlottrye/ by cause of heat of the country he would have it spared· But in a night he was drunk and fill down in the streete· And there swyn eat him which he reputed unclean beestes Therefore they that hold his laws spare win and swines flesh In the first point it seemeth that they follow the jews/ In the second point it seemeth that they follow the philosophy of their master Also after the death of machomet that cursed sect encreced so fast that it caused so mighty men of pierce to draw to that cursed law of the Arabes ¶ Also that sect hath infect unto this time all affrica and a great deal of spain as gernarde. And tharchebisshop turpinus tellith that machometes image of latone that he made with his own hands/ standeth in the See strand and hath his face toward the south. ¶ In that image machometus by wytchecraft closed a legyon of fendes. A crysten man that cometh there is lightly perished. But a sarasyn goth alway hoole and sound/ A bird that cometh there dieth anon The image holdeth a mace in his right honde And that mace shall first fallen when a king shall be born in gallia that shall renew all spain with crysten laws/ And when the mace shall fall/ thenne the sarasyns shall flee amnd leave their treasury/ The famous norye of this cursed sect Saladinus duke of turks the strong hamer of crysten men about the year of our lord eleven honderd four score and ten he heard that crysten men used many messes of meet at one meal and said that cristen men were not worthy to have the holy land Also he was fell and slyhe for to praise his own secte· and to blame and despise our law. and that is known by this ensample ¶ On a time were two white monks brought to fore him that thieves of turks had take. And he knew by her strange clothing that they were philosophres and crysten men. And he asked by one that knew both languages of 'em what they were and of what condition and profession and they said that they were monks and had done their profession to saint Benettes rule. Thenne he asked busily many points of that rule. And specially among other. he axed if they should by her rule eat flesh or drink win/ Thenne answered they and said that they had at all time somewhat of win for to drink. but flesh should they none eat/ but it were for sickness or great need/ thenne the tyrant bad that they should have more large keeping and have two young fair women to serve hem/ and bad that they should eat flesh and drink water/ And so they eat flesh & drunk water· and took ensample by saint job/ and made covenant with their eyen that they would not think of filth and of sin and were alway busy in their prayers/ Thenne Saladynus was waar thereof and took from 'em the flesh and the water and bad hem serve with fish and win/ And he bad so do to that intent that Solomon moveth and saith/ yeve you win to 'em that been in great sorrow that they may drink and foryete their sorrow and her need/ When he had thus done he cast to beguile by symplenes these two monks/ For he would if they might there bysette challenge and blame upon the Religion/ then the Monks drunk win & wax merry & glad & forgot what they should have in mind and fill to and say by the women ¶ Thennne on the morrow when the win was defyed· they thought on their trespaas and 'gan for to weep full sore. the tyrant saw 'em weep and said why be you more soory than you were wont to be. For we have sinned grievously said they and were overcome with wyn· Thenne he said/ while you eat flesh and drank water you held forth your purpose redyly ynowgh/ But when you were overcome with win without flesh you broke your rule and your purpose/ Therefore it is known that Benett the Author of your rule was unwise for to forbid you eting of flesh that distourbled not a man's wit & granted you to drink win that roteth up the strength of reason as you have assayed now by new assay/ Thenne he that made our law machomet that forbade us wine that distourbeth man's wit & granted us the use of flesh was wiser than your Benet· But what be your remedies and cleansing of this sin now that you have broken your rule and your purpose. Penance said they and satisfaction by ordinance of our ●elder father/ Thenne said he mow you not be cleansed among us/ Go you to your own and be cleansed in your own manner wise/ and so he let hem go This man was full of old pestilence of sleight and wiles/ And what the wily shrew/ might not have savour in· he 'gan to despise/ For he would blame the holy man saint Benet/ Of the which saint Benet the great gregory saith that he written the Rule of monks full of wit and of wisdom/ and open and clear in words. For it was a wise deed to withdraw fro 'em that go to holy chivalry. liking of metes that withdraweth the soul from holiness of deeds and of thoughts/ & by thappostles lore he granted 'em a little what of win for to strength somewhat the feebleness of the flesh & granted 'em but little. for it should not grieve the sharpness of the soul   

¶ Capitulum 15/  
Heraclonas' heraclius son reigned two year/ the senator of rome put him & his wife martina out of his kingdom/ & his mothers nose & tongue were cut of all both/ After the ·iiij. iohn theodorus was pope uj/ year/ that time ysodre bishop yspalencis was in his flowers/ he was sometime the great gregories disciple. ysid left after him many good books that he had made. the books ethimologiarun. de summo bono/ de ordine creaturarum simonia & many other bokes·s Edwaldus king of kente deyde & left after him his son & his eyre Ercombertus that he had bygoten on Emma a woman of France/ ercombertus r●gned four & xx year in kente· He destroyed the temples of maumetrye and ordained that the fasting of the lente should be held in Englond/ On his wyf sexburga the daughter of amnna king of eest Angles/ he gate a daughter Eukengoda that was made a menchone in thabbey bryggense in gallia. there her aunt etherberga served god in that abbaye/ ethel berga had been edwinus wyf ¶ Also there afterward either of 'em was abbess▪ That time though there were many abbeys in englond. yet englysshmen used to go in to abbeys of france because of the conversation and of the manner of living and specially at bridges at calays at Andilegium That time Andomarus Bishop and Bertinus thabbot were in her flowers in the country of torevence in gallia that is France ¶ Paulus libro quinto/ The thyrdde constantinus was heraclius son and heraclius brother and reigned eight and twenty year/ he was beguiled of paulus grauntsir of sergius/ therefore he exiled pope martin and spoylled Rome/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro quarto/ He unconerd church roo●es & steeples that were covered with slattes of brass & took away though slattes'/ but he lost 'em at Siracusa in Scicilia and was slain in a bath by sarasyns. And they lad away that party in to Alexandria Beda libro tercio ca sexto That year kygylsus king of westsaxons was deed and his son kin walcus reigned after him one and thyrity yere· for his elder brother Quichelinus had reigned tofore with his father/ & left after him his son cuthredus that was crystned also of byrinus R ¶ Here take heed that beda and william varyens/ For beda saith that quychelinus' was kyngilsus sonne· Wiliam saith that he was kingilsus brother/ Beda v/ su/ This kinwalcus in the beginning of his kingdom would not receive the faith of crystendom/ & therefore rightfully he lost his kingdom/ for he died away his wyf that was king pendaes sister & wedded another. & there for penda in the/ v/ year of his kingdom chased him & drof him away· W. de/ 'pon/ li/ 2/ And he hid himself iij/ year with Annan king of eestangles/ therefore afterward penda slough anna· but in the mean time of his exyling/ kenwalcus was baptised of Felix the bishop while he was with anna & recovered his kingdom by help of Anna/ and made one Agilbertus bishop of his province a ffcensshe man that come out of Irlond/ And he was bishop of wynchestre in westsaxon fyften year. And the king of strange tongue was aggrieved and noyeful/ or for some other cause/ he was wroth I note. And brought in another bishop of his own language and tongue that was called win by his name he was ordained in France. and they bytoke him the province y deled in two parysshes & set the chief bishops see/ therefore agilbertus was wroth and went in to France & was afterward Bishop of parys· And not long after this win after the two year of his prelacy was put out by the king. and bought the see of london of the king of mercia of Wolferus/ And held it while he was alyne/ And so the province of westsaxons was four year bisshoples' ¶ Atte last king ken walcus was oft ●arde bysette with enemies/ and sent for Agilbertus that was put out. But he would not or might not come and sent his nephew lentherius in his st●de which was confirmed of the Archebisshop theodorus and was bishop there seven year ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro primo ¶ This kinwalcus overcome the Brytons twice/ first at wight gosneburgh and eft atte hill of Penned/ And for wretch of his father's persecution he bynam wolferus pendas son a great deal of his kingdom  
Beda libro tercio capitulo secundo ¶ That year king Oswald king of northumberlond was slain by a paynym king of penda in a place that height meserfeld. There god oft showeth miracles and wondres. Penda bad hung his arms and his heed in the stocks Willelmus de pontificibus libro primo After one year his brother oswy that was king after him come thither and buried the heed in the church yard of lyndeff are but it is said that the heed is now at durham between saint cutbertes arms/ but he put oswaldes Arms in the cite bebanburgh But Ostryda queen of mercia that was oswyes daughter and etheldredus wyf brought the body and the other deal of the boones with her to the Abbaye of Bardeny/ there she might not be received ere a pyler of light had shine upon thilk relyquyes all a night Many year after men of strange nation/ the danes werred in that londe· And Elfleda lady of mercia brought thilk bones with her to gloucetre in achirche of canons/ Willelmus de 'pon. libro quarto ¶ But saint oswaldes' arm is in thabbey of petreburgh hoole and sound with flesh and with sinews/ as men seyn. it was theefly stolen out of the old resting place and brought thither and there it is in a shrine precious & rich but the believe hereof is somdele doubtable/ for there men here and aspye and see not therof· I say not this for doubt that I have of the holiness of this saint but for· I keep not to hastily affirm whether it be in that place or no Paulus libro quinto About that time Cesara the kings wyf of Perce come with few crysten men to constantinople for to be crystned/ her husband herd thereof and sent messengers to constantinople for to ask his wyf of themperor But cesara answered and said/ Tell you my lord your king that but if he will receive my faith and believe in my god he shall never have me to wyf▪ The king heard thereof and come with sixty thousand men in peace to themperour and was crystned he and all his and had great worship and many great yefts and took his wyf and went home again/ Beda libro tercio capitulo 13 ¶ When oswald was slain after him his brother oswy was king of northumberlond and reigned nobly in deyra/ ¶ Oswinus osricus son of Edwinus blood was a steadfast man and holy meek and mild and fair of speech But king oswy made him to be slain in earl hunbaldus house Oswynus was fled to earl hunbaldus for help and succour And after him Oswy had a fellow in the kingdom of deyra Od●lwaldus oswaldes son/ After theodorus the first Martin was pope six year ¶ Aswerde man of Climpus would have slain him at awter while he song his moss/ But while he began to smite anon he word blynde· ¶ The Emperor of Constantinople exiled this pope. for he had dampened paulus patriarch of constantinople and had falsely that name/ Beda li· tercio/ ca· 13/ That year deyde paulinus that was thenne bishop of Rouchestre and had be sometime archebisshop of york/ And after him thamar was bishop/ Also Felyx deyde the first bishop of eest angles and thomas was bishop after him/ Beda li/ 3/ ca/ 12 About that time the eest saxons took the faith that tofore-hand cast away and forsake/ OsWinus king of northumberlonde made 'em now receive and take the faith/ For her king Sigebertus was· crystned of finanus bishop of northumberlond fast by the long wall that departed sometime between Brytons & Scots/ then he took with him one cedde a priest the brother of Chad out of province of Mercia for to preach to his men of the eeste ¶ And when he had done that deed/ he turned again to the foresaid Finianus/ & was made Bishop of him & wen●e again to preach to the eest Angles. in a place that hete straunchestre that is by the brynk of the water penned. And also in the toun of tilleburgh that is fast by temse· It befell in a time in that country that the foresaid bishop ced cursed an erle· and excomyned him for he held a woman in unlawful wedlok/ And king Sygebertus despised the bisshopes hest and came at that earls prayer and eat with the earl in his house. And when the king went fro the meet/ the bishop ced met the king/ and touched him with a rod that he bore in his honde· and saide to the King in this manner/ For thou wouldest not at my heest withdraw and hold the out of that lost and cursed man's house/ in the same house thou shalt die/ and so it befallen/ For the same Earl and his brother slough the king in the same hows·s and afterward when men axed 'em why they had do that cursed deed/ they answered not else but they said that the king was to esy to his enemies & would lightly foryeve wrongs and trespasses ¶ Trevisa It is sooth that cursed men hate good men and her good deeds/ And so the cursed earl slow the king for he was gracious and good  
¶ Thenne it followeth in the story also that year king oswy had slay king oswynus in the earl hunbaldus house. Oswinus ●adde left his host and was fled for great trust to earl hunbaldus as it wereto abide better time for to fyghte· It is said of this Oswinus that he had sometime yeven his best horse to Aydanus the Bishop that used more to go afote than to ride on horsbak. But soon afterward a pour man prayed the Bishop of his alms/ And the bishop gave him that horse for he had naught else at honde· When that was told to the king the king was anon wroth and said to Aydanus as he sat by him at meet/ What hast thou done sir Bishop/ had we nothing of lass pries that might suffice for Alms deed/ What speakest thou lord sir king said the Bishop/ Shall Turrian mare son liefer be to us than Marye son/ Anon the King fill down to the bishops feet and prayed him of mercy and foryefnes/ And promised him truly that he would never after that time speak evil of that deed/ then the king and the Bishops were both well pleased and sat to guider atte meet/ And the Bishop bygan suddenly to weep many teres·s thenne it was asked of him the cause of his weeping and he answered and said this king shall not long be with us here alyve· Vnnethe have I seen any King meek to fore this tyme. And this evil people is not worthy to have such a king long time ¶ Thenne it happened soon after that the king was slain as it is said/ ¶ And bishop Aydanus lived after but twelve days And saint cuthbert saw angeles bear his soul in to heaven R ¶ Also this year deyde Birinus the first bishop of dorchestre after the fourteenth year of his coming and of his bisshopriche/ Beda saith that hedda bishop of wynchestre translated Birinus's body out of dorchestre to wynchestre· look more thereof in the first book de pontificibus west saxon Beda libro tercio ca/ 23 ¶ After martin eugenius was pope as it were three year/ this year the king of deyra odyle waldus oswaldes son gave to ced bishop of the eest that came oft in to the north a place in high hills that hete lestyngay for to build there an abbay· but this ced oer he would found there an abbey Fast all a lente every day sauf the sunday all day till▪ it were eu●̄ And thenne he would eat a little what of breed and one hen egg and a little of milk meddled with water as aydanus his disciple usid him he had learned and taught/ after him his brother chimbillus governed that place and was buried there in a pestilence time/ And after him cedda ruled that place   

¶ Capitulum 16/  
AFter Eugenius vitalianus was pope fourten year/ he sent to the churches of englonde and to the Archebisshops theodorus monk of Tarseus/ Beda li/ 3/ ca/ 19/ That year the merces that be now of myddel englond received cristendom under her prince Weda pendas sone· For this weda by consent of his father had wedded elfleda king oswyes daughter upon a condition that he should be a crysten man/ and he died it with the better will for elfridus oswyes son had wedded oswyes sister kyneburga/ therefore weda had brought with him four preestes out of northumberlond for to preach his people and his men/ the priests were ced adda becti & duina. & king penda forbade not to convert to cristen faith all that would/ Also that year deyde honorius archibisshop of caunterbury/ & after one yere· one deus dedit was bishop ix year/ him comfermed Ithamar bishop of Rouchestre/ W/ de/ pou. li. 3/ ¶ That year benet bishop and the abbot that norysshed beda the priest and was king oswyes servant forsook house & home his cousins and all his kin for Christ's love and took the weigh to Rome and come eft again/ Fine scythes he went to Rome and brought books and Relyquyes of holy Saints home to his abbeys that were in the brynk of the river wire He was the first that brought glasyers' craft in to his country He builded two abbeys of peter and paul upon the brynkes of the river wire one in that one side and another in that other side/ forn against and was abbot of both/ he took his noble noryebeda a child of seven year old and taught him while he was alive Willelmus de regibus libro primo ¶ Beda wondereth of his patience and of his wit/ of his wit for he brought so many books and crafts men in to englond· ¶ And was pylgrym well nigh all his life time/ In him love of the country and liking of fairness overcome the strong travayls·s he wondered of his patience for he was made Abbot by the king of kente and in possession of thabbey of saint Austyn of Caunterbury/ And at coming of Adryan he left it with good will and let adryan be Abbot there. Also thabbeys of wire made 'em another Abbot while he was absent and he suffered it with good will/ and died obedience to the new abbot when he come home and worship as other men dyde· Also he was atte last smitten with a pal●sye and made the thyrdde abbot thereto ¶ Also that year Penda king of mercia slough anna king of ●est Angles in a battle For he had favoured king kenwalkus against him ¶ Also that year botulphus builded an abbaye by eest lyncolnn in a place that hete Icanno ¶ Beda libro tercio capitulo quarto ¶ That year deyde penda king of mercia/ and was slain he and thyrtty Capytayns that come in to the country of northumberlonde for to slay king oswy as he had slain his brother oswald sometime and spared not for a lie and affynyte that was between their sons and daughters/ netheles king oswy preferred him many great yefts for to restorne out of his land. but he would not there of ¶ Thenne oswy said if this paynym can not receive our yeftes·s thenne we shall profere and offer to him that can/ Thenne king oswy made his avow that if he had the victory in that battle he would offer his daughter elfleda to god of heaven and also possession for to build twelve abbeys/ then the battle was made in the country of ledes not far from york fast by the river wynwed· that thenne was hugely arysen and overflowed a great deal of the country/ In that battle Penda was slain and thyrtty dukes and leders of his. and yet he had thrice so many in his host as that other had in his. For they that escaped the sword were drowned in the river Thenne Alfridus had be with his fader·s but egfridus was held in hostage with Pendas wife/ then odyle walled oswaldes son had be with penda but he stood a side for to see what end the battle should have/ When this victory was done king oswy bytoke his daughter of three year old to the loore of hilda thabbess of hertesye that is hearts ylond. But afterward she was abbess of stremshalt that is the bosom or lap of corn that now is called whitby and is thyrtty mile from york/ there was elfleda abbess afterward Thenne oswy yaf possessions for to build abbeys as he had promised/ six in the province of deyra and six in the province of Brenicia· and he gave to weda that had wedded his daughter the kingdom of southmercia that containeth as it is said five thousands households and meynees/ and is departed fro north mercia by the water of Trent but weda after three year of his kingdom was soon lost by treason of his own wif. When weda was deed the mercies wax rebel against king oswy/ and took wolferus pendas son that they had secretly kept and made 'em their king/ he was the first cristen man of all the kings of mercia. & wedded ●rmenylda ercombes daughter king of caunterbury. and gate on her keneredus/ and wereburga and overcome nobly ken walcus king of westsaxons and won the isle of wight and gave it afterward to the king of eeste Angles for to be a cristen man and was his godfader when he was christened. and atte last after the seventeenth year of his kingdom he was buried at lychefeld ¶ Clodonens after his father dagobertus reigned in france sixten year. By enticing of the devil he made cut of seint denis arm ¶ Also that year deide seint wandregesilus thabbot· ¶ About that time grimaldus king of Longobardes' espied that his knight bertaricus was fled to cacanus king of the anares and sent to king cacanus word and said that he should leave bertaricus or he should have no peace with the longobardes Bertaricus herd thereof and went in to ytaly again/ And by help of his friend hunulphus he was reconciled and made at one with the king Somme wicked men saw that bertaricus had good semblant of many men and made suggestion to the king and said but if so were that bertaricus were slain/ the King should lose his kingdom/ the king heard that and set knights and other men to bisette bertaricus house for he should not escape· And hunulphus aspied that and dead a burden of bed-clotheses on bertaricus's neck/ and bete him with his fist/ and shufte him and put him forth through the myddel of the cyte to the walls & left him there and bertaricus fled in to Fraunce· when men asked of hunulphus why he died so/ he answered and said/ by 'cause my servant would have bedded me in the drunken Bertaricus bedchambre which pleased me not· therefore I have made him to bear his clotheses again to mine own house/ And so the knights were beguiled and fond nothing in bertaricus chambre/ And they took bertaricus servant that wist of this escaping and was assenting thereto and drough him out by the here and brought him to the king/ the servant was dampened to the death But yet the king praised him and hunulphus greatly by cause they were so stydfast and trusty· And gave hem choice whether hem were liefer abide with him in his court for evermore/ or wend to their lyef friend Bertaricus/ then they went in to France with Bertaricus with all that they had/ Also that year Egf●ydus king oswyes son spoused feynt etheldreda tofore-hand wedded to earl Todbar to kissing/ clipping and fleshly liking and yet she preserved her a clean virgin/ and was departed from egfrydus and went in to the abbaye of Ely and was made abbess there/ and died many fair miracles and great ¶ About that time hunarus prince of Sarasyns in Syria builded a new temple that is now in jerusalem. there the Sarazens worship god and make their prayers Beda libro quarto capitulo primo Ercombertus king of caunterbury deyde and his son egbertus was king after him nine yere· Also that year died tharchebisshop that hete deus dedit Thenne the king of kente and the king of northumberlonde by one assent sent wychardus to pope vitalianus for to be Archibisshop of caunterbury· But he and almost all his company deyde in the great pestilence that was so strong in all Englond/ And the pope ordained one theodorus a monk governor of the churches of englond Beda libro tercio capitulo visesimo primo ¶ Also that year fill a great pestilence in all Brytayne and byganne in the south contreyes. In that pestilence byfyll that/ that is rad of Egbertus the monk that wax seek that time/ This man felt that he was seek and went privily out of his bed at matyn time and was very contrite and sorrowful in his heart and prayed god busily that he should not die at that time ere he had full cleansed him of his sins that he had do to fore honde. And he made his avow that if he might escape that pestilence/ he would die in pilgrimage/ And that above the full service he would say every day the sawter but if sickness of body letted hym· And that every week he would fast one day and the night thereto/ when this was done he went privily to his bed again. But with some manner rustling that he made in lying doune· his fellow awoke and spoke to him and said/ Egbert what hast thou done/ I hoped that we twain should have go to guider to rest But what thou hast prayed it is granted to thee/ Thenne that fellow deyde. And thus Egbertus lengthened his own life to the year of his four score and ten· But he died more than his first avow. And fasted in the year thrice forty days continuelly to breed/ and thin milk. Forty days in the Aduente· Forty days in the lente/ and forty days to fore wytsontyde. But all the creme and fatness of that milk that he had to his breed should be overblow and take away ¶ Beda libro sexto capitulo visesimo quinto   

¶ Capitulum 17  
About that time deyde Aydanus and Finanus bishops of Northumberlonde/ And Colmannus a Scot come after 'em to be Bishop three year/ ¶ In his time come Agilbertus Bishop of westsaxons in to the countries of Northumberlond And ordained wylfrydus that was though Abbotte of Rypon and made him priest atte prayers of king oswyns ¶ That time was a greet question made and moved of the Eesterdaye that was not that time held lawfully of scots & of brytons but it was suffered at reverence of columba of aidanus of fimanus and of other holy faders/ Therefore was a counseyl made in thabbey of Hilda. there in that one side came colmannus the bishop and hylda thabbess and alleged for them that her predecessors were worthy men and holy & held the Easter tide from the fourteenth day of the moan unto the xx day of the mone· And specially seint john the evangelist held so the cestirtyde in Asia/ In that otherside against hem came Egylbertus' bishop of westsaxons james that was sometime Paulinus priest the Archibisshop of York and wilfridus abbot of Rypon and Alfridus the kings son/ And Wilfridus disputed for hem and alleged for 'em that the manner and the usage of all holy church of Greeks of ytaly of Rome Of gallia and of France/ should be set to fore the manner customme and usage of a corner of the world that knew not the decrees of synods as it is no wonder· namely while saint johan the evangelist in the beginning of holy church that was tho young and tender held thordinance of moyses law in many things and followed though the jews as it is wreton of poule that he circumcided thymothe and offered oostes in the temple and share his heed with Aqnyla and priscilla at Corynthy And that was profitable to nothing but for to put of the slander of the jews/ And also saint johan by the usage of that law byganne to hold the easter tide the fourteenth day of the first month and wrought not whether it fill on a saturday or in another day of the week/ And peter thappostle that was primate of holy church and had power to bind and unbind. he abode the four tenth day of the moan when the moan were at full as saint iohn died and bygan to hold the easter tide at eve the next sunday after the full of the moan and the evenness of the day and the night and held that tide to the one and twenty day of the moan/ And if the fourtenthday fill on a sunday he held not there the Easter day. For that sunday was of the rather year and not of the new year that should tho begin/ king oswy heard this and said. ●ith that you tell that so many and great privileges and power be granted to saint peter I dare not withsaye so great an usher & porter/ lest he close heaven gate against me when I should come to heaven/ When this was said the multitude assented/ But Ced Bishop of the eeste was there present and held him corrected from that time forward/ But colmannus that was though bishop of northumberlond was tho wroth and went thennes in to the country of scots for to find the easter time without fail there been rewles enough in the ordynal of the kalendre and it is needful to set it here/ But the error that holy church suffereth in the calendar that we. use is so encreced that the stynting of the son and the evenness of the day and night and thentering of the son in to signs been passed backward by twelve days in our calendar now about the year of our lord a thousand/ iij/ C and twenty/ And therefore but our calendar that we use/ be amended by withdrawing of the days that been put in to lepe year/ to a certain time or in some other manner wise. if the time of grace dure to eyghten thousand yere· eesterday shall fall about the shortest day of all the year by our calendar/ And if the sixthe age of world dure two so longe· the feeste of the birth of saint johan baptist shall fall in the shortest day of the year. And the feeste of the birth of our lord in the lengest day of the year ¶ The cause of this error is declared in tholomeus book. in Almagestis tholomeis Trevisa ¶ Here take heed that twice in the year falls the stynting of the son and so doth the evenees of the day & of the night that is called in latyn equinoxium. the stynting in winter of the son is when the day is shortest & eke in summer when the day is lengest/ the evenness of the day and night is once in lente and again in harvest time/ when the day and night been lyche long/ And for we speak of the sons entering in to signs you shall understand that every month once the son passed out of one sign in to another/ And for we speak of the month of the moan. the month of the moan is from change to change/ or from prime to prime Also the first month of the moan is here called the time of the moan/ when it is full when the day and night been lyche long in march or next after/ For in such a time the world was first made ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro tercio/ then Colmannus bishop of northumberlond was convycte by wylfridus of mysholding of the Easter-Day and was wroth and went to the Scots as it is afore said/ And the same wilfridus was choose Archebisshop of york by procuring of Alfridus that was the kings son. And was sent in to France for to be sacred/ For deus dedit tharchebisshop of Caunterbury was deed that should have sacred him here in England That time kenwalcus king of westsaxons deled his province in two bisshopryches ¶ Therefore egilbertus was wroth and went again in to france there he was born and other things as it is said in the same book· Capitulo 15. Paulus libro/ 6 About that time Constantyn themperour would deliver ytalye of the hands of the longobardes and came to Tarent in ytalye & axed there of an holy man that was solytarie/ whether he might overcome the longobardes or no/ he answered that/ it might not yet be do. For by cause of an abbaye that is founded in Ytalye in worship of saint johan baptist/ saint johan prayeth alweye for the longobardes/ But the time shall come when that Oratory shall be despised and unworthy persons shall dwell therinne. And thenne the longobardes shall first be perisshed-Themperour wrought not thereof & went forth against the longobardes but he sped not. ¶ But le spoylled Rome not withstanding that vitalianus the pope prayed him for to leave/ And this Emperor died many great tyrantryes in Scicilia/ and had at last his penance in a bathe/ Wilfridus as it is said was choose Archebisshop of york and was by yond the see with agilbertus abiding his confirmation/ Thenne the counseyl of the quartadecimannes that been they that held the easter day in the fourtenthe day of the moan king oswy took Cedde Abbot of lestyngay and made him Archibisshop of york against thordinance of holy laws. Willelmus libro tercio capitulo visesimo septimo. and sent him in to kent for to be sacred bishop/ But for tharchbishop deus dedit was dead cedda turned to wina bishop of westsaxons for to be ordained of him and took with him two bishops of Britons in his company to be with him at his sacring. Thenne wilfridus come out of France and saw cedda made bishop in his stead. then wilfridus abode in kente three year unto the coming of theodorus and made their ordres and hallowed churches and made one putta a cunning man of song bishop of Rouchestre ¶ Also that year Benet bishop went again to Rome and in his coming homeward he was shorn in thabbey lirnence and was there two year/ ¶ And thennes he went to Rome/ the thyrdde time and come again in to Englond with theodorus the bishop and Adrianus thabbot atte commandment of Vitalianus the pope. Cissa the king. king jues father made an abbaye at Abendon/ ¶ That year saint Leodegarins suffered death in France under one Ebroinus the greatest man of the Kings house ¶ Constamntinus themperour was slain of his owen men in a bath in Scicilia ¶ After Vitalianus the holy pope A deo datus was pope four year/ In his time saint Benettes body was translated with the body of his sister Scolastica· Augustus a monk of Floria translated 'em in to thabbey of Floria/ that is beside Orleaunce fro the mount cassin that is in the province bonevent   

¶ Capitulum 18.  
THe fourth constantyn the foresaid Constantins son was Emperor seventeen year. Grimiwaldus king of longobardes the ninth day after his bleeding on the arm shot at a dove and his vain to brake· And leches laid thereto venomous things and so he was deed ¶ Beda libro quarto capitulo secundo That year theodorus tharchebisshop come in to kente five days tofore juyn the second year of his consecration/ and he was bishop there one and twenty year and four months. This man was a monk born in thars in Scicilia and was cunning both in holy letture and in secular letture· in grue and in latyn/ when he was six and sixty year old vitalianus the pope sent him bishop in to Englond/ and sent Adrian thabbot with him for to help him/ For he should bring nothing that is against the faith in to holy church of England as the greeks dyde· Anon he was comen/ he went about in to all the ylonde and taught the order of right believe and of right lyvyng·s and the lawful holding of the eesterday and taught his disciples the craft of singing of calculing of astronomy both in latyn and in grue by help of Adrian and ordained bishops in certain places/ And the bishops that were not lawfully ordained he put 'em away/ or ordained 'em to be bishops in other places/ Among the which cedda that was not lawfully ordained bishop of York. knowleched meekly his own defaute. And theodorus put him away fro the see of york and restored there wilfridus. and ordained cedda that was confirmed atte last bishop of mercia at prayer of king wulferus and bad him ride on horsbak/ Beda libro tercio capitulo visesimo sexto/ That time doctors were full busy to serve g●d and not the world. the heart and not the womb/ therefore the habit of religion was thenne in greet worship. so that a monk or a clerk should be gladly received And men that went by the way prayed to have his blessing And they went for none other cause by ways and streets but for to preach and teach/ for cris●enyng and for salvation of man's soul And they would receive none possessions for to build abbeys but it were proffered 'em and they were driven to receive it by strength of lords/ Beda libro quarto capitulo quinto ¶ Also that year deyde Oswy king of northumberlond/ his son Egfridus was king after him fiften year/ ¶ Item capitulo decimo octavo ¶ This had Ethelfreda that had be Tonbertus wyf prince of the south girwyes when Egfridus had had his wyf twelve year and might have no leave of her for to deal with her for prayers/ ne for yefts. Thenne she had leave of the king and was made menchone one year at Colud under Aebba king Egfridus aunt And after that she was made Abbess of Ely. there she eat but one's a day & never used linen clotheses/ After the nyghtis' collation she awoke unto the day/ She deyde after that she had be abbess seven year and lay hoole and found xuj year Beda libro quarto capitulo quinto/ That year was made a synod of bishops under theodorus at Tetford In that synod was ordained a statute of the right holding of the eestertyde/ the second that no bishop should assoil in another man's bisshopryche The third that bishops should not distourbe abbeys ¶ The fourth that clerks and monks should not change benefices without leave of her soverayns The fifth that in a province the synod should be gathered once in a year ¶ Egbertus king of kente deyde And his brother lotharius reg●ed after him eleven year ¶ Marcus' libro secundo Also that year Agilbertus bishop of westsaxons went a way wrothly for kenwalcus the king departed his bisshoprich a tweyne· And lentherius was made bishop in his stead and confirmed of theodorus. by the kings will and he was bishop seven year That year was great slaughter of fowls that fought to guider ¶ ●enwalchus king of westsaxons deyde the/ thirty year of his kingdom/ R. His wyf sexburga reigned after him one year. But beda saith that underkynges or small kings deled the kingdom between hem ten year ¶ Beda libro quarto capitulo sexto That year saint Chedda deyde at lychefelde/ the third year of his bisshopryche. theodorus made wynfryde cheddes' dekene bishop in his stead and put him done not long after for he was unobedydyent and made sexwulfus abbott of medampstede bishop in his stead/ ¶ R Medampstede is now named peterburgh/ and was sometime in the kingdom of girwies ¶ Wynfridus was put down the fourth year of his consecration and went to barowe After deo datus pope bonus was pope a year and six months/ Beda ubi supra After the death of wyna Erkenwolde the third bishop of london made two abbeys one to himself in suthery in the ylond cereot that now is named chirchecye fiften mile out of london westward and another to his sister ethelberga/ by eest london in the province of cessex/ the abba●e hete now berking There she was abbess in great holiness. ¶ To her seint Aldelme brought a book of maiden heed ¶ Willelmus de 'pon libro secundo ¶ It is supposed that by this holy maiden's prayers it is that this place was never yet destroyed/ But that other abbaye of cherche say was destroyed by the danes/ And the king Edgar bilded it again That year oswinus bigan to regne over the westsaxons and reigned three year and fought against wulferus king of mercia at wydanheaf Also that year died wulferus king of mercia and his brother etheldredus reigned after him thyrten year For wulferus son kynredus might not regne. for he was so young Wulferus wyf ermenylda/ when her husband was deed was made mynchon at ely/ And her daughter werburga under etheldreda Marianus ¶ Her eme etheldredus made this werburga menchon in some abbeys of maidens at Trykyngham at wedunamm at hamburgam. she deyde in the first abbey. and was buried in the third as she had promised while she was alyve· there she say hoole and sound about a three honderd year unto the coming of the danes R ¶ Atte last when the danes say at Rypyndon & had driven away the king of mercia/ the Cyteseyns of hamburga dread and took the bear that contained the body of that maid that was tho first turned in to powder/ & fled therewith in to legecestria that is chestre. as to the most sicker place against peril and meschyef of Alyens and of strange enemies ¶ In that cyte chestre were secular canons from king ethelstones time to the coming of normans & oft possessions were yeven there to/ And then monks of Relygyouse dwelled there in worship of that maid/ Mar. li/ 2/ Thenne king wulferus had three brethren as it is afore said weda etheldredus/ and merwaldus that was king of west mercia/ his queen Ermenberga was Ermenredus daughter king of kente· And she bore him three holy daughters. Mylburga/ Myldreda/ and mylguyda. and one son Meresyn a man of great ●oolynes ¶ Queen Ermenberga was Ermenredus daughter ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro quarto ¶ Also wulferus had two holy sisters kynedda and kine swyda menchons and were both buried at medehampstede that now is peterburgh ¶ There saint ethelwoldus builded an Abbay afterward/ Kyneswyda converted so king offa/ that after that she had forsake him to husbonde· he went to Rome with kinredus and Egwinus bishop of the wiccyes and bycam a monk ¶ Agatho was pope three year/ In his second year was made the sixth synod at Constantinople of two honderd bishops and four score/ In that synod it is said that in cryste been two wills and two kinds/ wills and kinds of Godheed and of manhede   

¶ Capitulum 19  
THeodorus king of France reigned after his father Clotarius eyghten year. Beda li/ 4/ ca· 18/ That year Etheld●●dus king of mercia destroyed kent· And pucta bishop of Rouchestre went fro Rouchestre to sexwulfus and received of him the church of herforde/ there he took more heed to melody of holy church than to amend his own bisshopryche/ Also that year Benett the bishop took with him colfridus the monk and went the fourth time to Rome and brought with him johan the Archechaunter ¶ Beda li. 4/ ca/ 18 ¶ Also that year was done a great battle between Egfridus king of northumberlonde and etheldredus king of mercia by side the river of trent/ And king Egfridus brother was slain that heat Elswinus/ and was leef to both kingdoms/ For his death was moche money given at instance of theodorus tharchebisshop and so was made accord In that fighting one of Ethelfridus knights was grievously wounded. And etheldredus men took him as he would have risen/ And as oft as he was in bounds with his enemies or with one Frison that had bought him/ his bounds broke as oft as his brother a priest song mass fore him as for a deed man· And in the same houre· And that dured alwey· till his ransom were paid/ and that he came to his brother ageyne· ¶ Also that year was seen a star that hete stella comata three months in the harvest time That time king Egfridus at exyting of his wyf put wylfridus out of the bisshopryche of Northumberlond ¶ Trevisa. Stella cometa is a star with a light blazing creest above· And ever it bytokeneth pestylence· death and war/ or some hard adventures/ W. de re/ li. 1/ Theodorus tharchebisshop halp to put will fridus out of his bisshopryche/ And for to follow the kings will when wylfrydus was put out he ordained bosa bishop at york in his stead. and eata at lyndeffar church/ And tunbertus at Hagustald church/ And Trunwinus at Candida cassa that is the white house in the land of picts ¶ Marianus libro secundo And put eadhedus in the church of Rypon. Eadhedus was comen out of lyndeseye· For etheldredus king of Mercia had recovered that province against Egfrydus Will ¶ There it might be seen and sorrowfully be moved that the wrecchedenes of mankind/ though it have greet holiness yet it putteth not atte full manners of Reblenes ¶ For as farforth as we can caste· Theodorus put out Wylfrydus wrongfully· Beda libro quinto capitulo 19 ¶ Thenne wilfridus was so put out and went to Rome for his cause/ but sailing in the see he was wind drive in to Frisia/ there he first of all converted many men· And wyllibrordus fulfilled it afterward Atte last he come to Rome and came to fore pope agatho & was herd and allowed/ & there in a synod of an honderd bishops and five and twenty he disputed against the error of 'em that would teach that in cryst is but one will and one kind. Willelmus de 'pon/ and he followed his own cause sobrely that he grieved not theodorus that was sent by the court of rome and put none grievous accusations against him/ but maintened his own ryghtw●senes and suffrid it not bow. he spoke to the pope and said/ why is it sire that theodericus while I am alive hath ordained in my see three bishops by his own authority without mine assent/ For he was sent by the court of Rome and I accuse him not/ But though wylfridus were allowed there/ he had not in deed ● that made the kings frowardness and theodorus assent Beda libro quarto capitulo ·12 ¶ Therefore wylfridus turned him to South-Saxons and builded an abbey in sylyseye and preached xon year unto Egfridus death and converted the people/ Also for three year to fore his coming was there no rein. the first day of his crystning it bygan to rain/ the earth wax green and berbes began to spring/ he gathered eel nets and taught men of the country to fish Oswinus king of westsaxons deyde and kentw●nus reigned after him nine year ¶ That year deide lentherius bishop of that provynce· and theodorus ordained hedda bishop that was bishop at wynchestre thyrtty year. ¶ saint A●doenus bishop of Rouen deyde this year. and the child beda was born/ After agatho the second lo was pope three year/ And the papacy cessed one year Beda libro quarto capitulo visesimo/ saint etheldreda abbess of ely deyde Mari. li/ 2. ¶ After her sister sexburga was abbess that had be sometime the wyf of ercombertus king of caunterbury. ¶ Beda ubi supra/ That year deyde hilda abbess of whythy that had be seek six year/ fourten days tofore december the year of her age six and sixty·s she was king Edwynus's niece an holy woman wise and ready and well lettred Out of her Abbaye come five Bishops Bosa/ Eata/ Offor johan and wylfrydus ¶ In her abbaye was a brother that hete Cedmon/ that was taught by inspiration of God to make songs and dytee in the country langage· that should mean men to devotion/ In that manner of doing noman might be his pere/ And he himself couth nothing do in other mater· but only in matter of devotion. he came thereto in this maner· he went on a time fro a feast full sore ashamed for he was prayed to sing to the harp and he couth not sing Thenne he was sorry and fill a slepe· and one came to him in his sleep and charged him to sing/ I can not quoth he and therefore I flee· After this said that other/ sing boldly of him that made all things. This man awoke· and after that he made wonder poysyes·s as it were of all the stories of holy writ Henricus libro tercio ¶ That year theodorus made a counsel of bishops and of other doctors at hatfeld For he would weet and know of what believe all men were/ as Pope Agatho had boden him by his Archechaunter johan. that was present in that synod. That time the province of mercia that sexwulfus rewled alone was departed in five Bisshopryches/ one at chestre and another at worcetre· the third atte Lychefeld/ the fourth at Sedenia in lyndeseye/ the fifth at Dorchestre/ But pucta left at berford there sexwulfus had put him sometime ¶ Paulus libro septimo ¶ Cunebertus king of Longobardes stood under his chambre window and counseylled with one of his secretaryes how he might slay his knight Aldo ¶ Thenne there was a greet fly and he fonded to have slayn● this fly and cut of the flies foot with a knyf  
In the mean time Aldo not knowing of the kings intent came toward the kings court and met with an haltman that went with a staff and said to Aldo in this manner/ Beware the aldo/ For if thou comest to the kings court/ thou shalt be slain by the kings honde. when Aldo heard that he fled to saint Romans church and the king asked him why he died so/ And he answered and said by cause an haltman had warned him of his death/ Anon the king understood that he that halted so was a wicked spirit/ and that he had cut of his foot in likeness of a flye· and had so wrayed his counsel and prevyte/ And had also exyted him to Aldoes' death/ ¶ And so the King received Aldo to his grace ¶ After lo. the second Benet was pope five years'/ Osricus underking of mercia builded an Abbaye of Gloucetre and made his sister kyneburgh Abbess there ¶ That year king kentwi●us chased the west Brytons unto the see/ And Benett bishop builded an abbaye of saint poule at girnum on the brink of the river wire and had to fore hon byld another abbaye of saint peter in that other brink of the same river/ by help of king Egfridus and made colfridus abbot there/ That year Beda a child of seven year old was taken to benet bishops loore/ And the/ v/ time to Rome and bytoke beda to colfridus· Beda libro quarto capitulo. 12/ That year was gathered a synod under king Egfridus byside the river alue in a place that hete twyford· there was the odorus/ there tundbertus was put down of his bisshopriche of hagustald and cuthberd was made bishop in his stead/ but for he loved more the church of Lyndeffarn thither he went and· Ea●a was made bishop at hagustald in his stead Beda· libro quarto capitulo visesimo tercio/ This cutberd was first made a monk in the abbaye of mailroes and thenne priest/ And at last he lived an Ankers life in the ylond farn Also that year king egfridus destroyed wrechidly the men of scotland that were alweye most friends to englysshmen/ And they prayed help of god and feigned hem for to flee and beguiled egfridus· not withstanding the prayers of his friends for he would not do after them and they tolled and drough him in to straight places between hills and montaynes and slough him there and a great deal of his hooste· From that time forward the strength of the angles bygan to fall away/ And picts Scots and many of the Brytons received her lands with freedom again/ Cedwalla a strong youngling of kings kind of the gewisses that been westsaxons/ he reigned over the westsaxons after kentwinus death W●●de Regibus/ He was kenbrightus son/ Kenbrightus was ceddaes son/ Ceadda was cutas son/ Cuta was Craulinus brother C●aulinus was kynricus son/ Kynricus was Cerdicus's son/ Anon he slough Athelwold king of southsex· and made his province thrall and destroyed kente· and took the isle of wyghte and yaf the fourth deal thereof to saint wylfridus for the love of god In that party of the isle were accounted three honderd meynees and households ¶ That year in northumberlond Egfridus was slain and his brother alfridus nothus bastard reigned after him eyghten year ¶ That year Sarasyns come out of Egipte in to Affryca and took cartage and destroyed it/ And Constantin at Constantinople   

¶ Capitulum 20  
THe second justinianus after his father Constantyn/ was Emperor ten year/ After Benet the fifth johan was pope one year After him Zeno was pope tow year Beda li/ 4 ca/ 23 Lotharius king of Caunterbury deyde of a wound that he had taken in the fighting of the South-Saxons against ceadwalla ¶ After him Edricus Egbertus's son reigned one year and an half ¶ After him that kingdom was long unsteadfast under certain kings till wightred lawful son was comforted & reigned in that kingdom. Mul king ceadwal●●s brother & xij knights were besieged & brent in kente/ therefore ceadwalla was wroth and destroyed kente eftsoons/ and wilfridus received the bisshoprych of hagustald atte prayer of king Alfridus/ For seint johan of Beverley went to york when bosa was deed After Zeno Sergius was pope thyrten year/ he ordained that Agnus dei should he thrice song in the mass/ And by showing of god he fond a great deal of the holy cross in saint Peter's sacrarye/ Gir/ d. p/ ca/ 17 ¶ The first pipinus that hete vetulus brevis also the son of ansegisilus the son of seint arnulphus was made the greatest of the kings house among Frensshmen & received the principate of the eest party of France/ and was prince seven & twenty year. he fought first against theodericus king of france and chased him unto paris and won the kingdom and saved the kings life and his name. Paulus libro septimo/ That time in France kings turned fro the wit and strength that kings were wont to have/ And they that seemed greatest in the kings house rewled the kingdom/ For god had ordained that the kingdom should torn to the blood of 'em That year deyde saint cuthbert in the ylond farn that he had loved alway. but his body was born in to the ylond lyndeffarn·s His bisshopryche ruled wylfridus one ye●● till he was put out by the king/ That year Ceadwalla king of Westsaxons when he had nobly ruled his people three year. he forsook th'empire and went in pilgrimage to Rome· There he was crystned of pope Sergius and named peter· yet while he was set in white/ he was with sickness and deyde not fully thyrtty year old thyrten days tofore may and was buried in saint Peter's chirche· ¶ And was worthy to have such famous writing on his tomb. ¶ Lordship riches Children/ Plente of riches/ and of welthe· Clotheses of Rich array. Prayers house castellis and walled Towns that his father and he had won by strength. Cedwal/ the mighty man of Arms left and forsook for love of almighty god ¶ Gir de· p/ capitulo 17/ Here take heed that this cadwaladrus the last king of Brytons is called Cedwalla in the stories of Romayns & of longobardes and in bedas story also. But corruptly for they knew not the language of Brytons/ therefore in some place in the last verse on his tomb it is wreton in this manner King Cadwaldrus left for the love of god/ for it is said that he was crystned of Sergius/ that is to understand that he was confirmed by anointing of holy crysme/ And then his proper name was changed as it happeth in confirmation of children And though he were of Brytons he was called king of westsaxons For he was king of 'em also/ For they joined to the walsshmen. Walshe men say that they shall have kings again when cadwaldrus bones been brought from rome/ but I hold that but a fable as I do the story of gaufridus in th'end/ After Cedwalla reigned Ive of the lineage of kings the son of kynredus the son of Ceolwold/ the son of cutha. the son of cuthwyn the son of Ceaulinus and so forth. And Ive reigned seven and thyrtty year/ And thenne he went to Rome in pope gregoryes time/ and so died many other that time Also that year deyde benet bishop/ the xij day of janiver· Colfridus was abbot after him in his either abbaye in the brynk of the river of wire ¶ Also theodorus tharchebisshop deyde the year of his age four score and seven and of his bisshopryche two and twenty After him Abbot brightwold was Archebisshop unto the time tharchebisshops were of rome/ and sigh that time tharchebisshops were of Englond/ saint wilfridus was eft accused of king Alfrydus to fore many bishops and put out of his bisshopriche  
¶ Therefore he appeled to the court of Rome/ and defended so his cause to fore the pope johan· that he had lettres of the pope to the kings of England of his restitution  
The reding of the Synod that was tho rehearsed was great help to his cause/ This wilfridus had be at that Synod in pope agathoes time/ the lettres were red that were sent for him to king Aluredus/ but the king would not yet receive him therefore/ he turned to the king of mercia and received of him the bisshoprich of legecestria· that is chestre & held it to Alfridus death/  
¶ Beda libro quinto Capitulo nono  
¶ About that time Egbertus the Monk. that we spoke of tofore hon that escaped the moreyn by prayers and avows had sailed about brytayn & cast for to convert the men of germania. but deeds and warning of heaven letted him. For the ship that he had ordained for that journey was to broken with a sudden tempest of weder/ And though one of his brethren was warned by a vision and spoke to egbertus and said. that he must whether he would or no return to saint columbaes abbaye again/ For their ploughs go not a right/ therefore he sent wyllebrordus with/ xij. fellows in to the countries of germania· And he turned moche folk to the feythe by help of the older pupinus duke of Frensshe men that had won the hither fryselond/ And at last by authority of the pope gregory he was made bishop of utrecht and ruled that bisshopryche well and nobly well a forty year ¶ Offorus deyde Bishop of wiccies that had men of the bisshoprich of wircestre and Egwinus was bishop after him that son afterward builded the abbaye of evesham by assent of Etheldredus/ when theodericus king of France was deed whom pupinus Vetulus had myldly suffrid to regne with him/ he made his son Clodoneus king/ pupinus vetulus hete pupinus brevis also That year the men of Caunterbury made peace with Ive king of the westsaxons and yaf three thousand pound for the death of mul cedwalles brother. justinianus Cesar was prived of the joy of his kingdom for guilt and mysbyleve and went exiled in to pontus Leo patricius refte him his nose and his tongue and exiled him in to Cersona   

¶ Capitulum 21/  
THe second Leo was emperor three year. In his time Clodoneus king of France deyde. And pupinus made his brother childebertus king The men of northumberlond slowghe ostryda/ etheldredus wyf that was king oswyes daughter Willelmus de pontificibus libro quarto ¶ That year Cuthlacus the confessor forsook arms & the boost and pomp of this world and went to the abbaye of Rypendon/ And there under the Abbess Alfrida he took tonsure and habit of clerk/ the xxiv year of his age Thenne the thyrdde year after he went in to the isle of Crowland/ and there he bygan to live an Ankers life & died many miracles & had power over unclean spirits/ so great as the common tale that he made 'em build many places·s and he closed such a 〈◊〉 a sething erthen pot. there as his body now lieth is builded a●●●baye· that never was destroyed among all the stryves and changing of times. there rests the confessor neotus that was sometime the disciple of Erkenwald/ Bishop of london/ & though noman may come to that place of Croulond but by ship or by boot/ yet that is never well nigh without ●●stes Beda That year bifell in brytayn that miracle that aught to be remembered for thealth of sowle· for one that hete brightwoldus was deed somewhat long time and aroos again to live and told many things to many men/ And departed his cattles on thre· And gave his wyf one deal and his children another/ And kept himself the third and deled it to pour men/ and ended his life in thabbey of mailroes. the iij tiberius was emperor seven y●re He aroos against lo and assoylled his kingdom and held h●m in ward as long as he reigned. In his time justinianus that was exiled in Cersona made openly his booste that he should recover the empire/ therefore the people was moved for love of tiberius and fonded for to slay justinianus/ therefore he fled to the prince of turks and spoused his sister and recovered thempire at last by help of him and of the bulgares/ ¶ And slow Leo and Tiberius that had assoylled thempire. And as oft as he wiped of a drop of corruption of his nose that sometime was cut so oft he made sle some one of his enemies The fifth general Synod was held in aquilia in sergius time ¶ After Sergius the thyrdde lo was pope two year. he is not accounted in the order of bishops by cause he was wrongfully put in by patricius Beda libro quinto capitulo 1● About th' time Arnulphus bishop of galls come in to Britain/ he went in to jerusalem for to visit the holy places & go about in all the land of byheste and came to damask to Constantinople to Alexandria and to many ylondes of the see and sailed homeward in to his country again and was cast by strength of tempest to the west clives of Brytayne. There he fond god's servant Adaminanus/ Abbot of the ylond hij/ and told him wondres of holy places·s And he made anon a book thereof as he had heard the wondres and sent it to king Alfridus to rede R ¶ It seemeth that beda took of that book afterward such/ as he written of holy places ¶ After lo the sixth johan was pope three year/ ¶ That time etheldredus king of mercia forsook this worldly kingdom & was shorn monk at bardeny/ After him reigned leuredus v/ year the son of his brother wylferus· the seventh johan was pope three year That time deyde hedda bishop of wynchestre ¶ After him that bisshoprych was departed a twain. For Brythelynus tharchebisshop put danyel at wynchestre at seint aldelme at shirborne ¶ saint Aldelme was to fore honde abbot of maltby that is malmesburye ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro quarto Also that year deyde Sexwulfus bishop of mercia After him hedda held lychefeld and wylfrydus chestre· but after two year Alfridus king of northumberlond deyde And wilfridus turned again to the bisshopryche of hagustald and was bishop afterward four year. And though hedda held both the bisshopriches of lychefeld and of chestre   

¶ Capitulum 22·  
THe second justinianus reigned again with his son tiberius uj year/ This was he that was prived of th'empire by lo/ but for he recovered th'empire this year/ therefore the story maketh eft mind of him/ then justinianus was restored and held the right faith and worshipped Constantin the pope and destroyed cersona the place of his exyling and slough all that dwelled the rinne out take children/ And eft when he would slay the children/ men of that province made 'em a Capitayne one philipicus that was exiled and dwelled there/ And anon he went to constantinople and slough justinianus That year deyde alfridus king at driffelde After him his son Osredus a child of viij/ year reigned eleven year/ ¶ Ssinmus was pope twenty days After him the first constantyn was pope seven year/ he denounced philipicus an heretyk· for he had put images of holy saints out of churches Beda libro quinto capitulo 19 ¶ That year kenredus king of mercia left his kingdom to colredus the son of his camme Etheldredus and went to Rome with Offa· the kings son of westsaxons and with egwinus bishop of wiccies ¶ Trevisa/ ¶ The See of wyke was turned to worcetre and is there yet ¶ Thenne it followeth in the story/ Colredus king of mercia translated first the body of saint wesburgh the maid out of thearth atte abbey of hamburgh/ that had leyn there nine year hoole and sound/ And dured so hoole and sound unto the coming of the danes at Rypendon· aldelme. bishop of shirburn deyde· him buried egwinus. this aldelm was king jues brother son kenten and was called aldelm as it were in an old Elmeor an old helm and most cunning in lettres of grue and of latyn. he had and used instruments of music pipes and strenges and other manner gleo· first he was a monk and thenne he was made priest & abbot of malmesbury/ he took upon him this martyrdom that when he were tempted in his flesh. he would hold with him a fair maid in his bed as long as he was saing the sauter fro the beginning to thend Trevisa Save reverence of saint aldelm/ this seemeth none holiness ner wisdom but pure very folly both for himself and for perylle and dread of temptation of the woman as it may be proved both by authority & reason Thenne it followeth in the story/ the seventh day of the week when chapmen come he preached to 'em busily the word of god Atte last his great fame exyted sergius the holy man pope to send after him by lettres and by pystles/ thenne he came to rome and had desired long to see that cyte and had with him vestementes for to sing alway mass and song mass to fore the pope in saint johns' church latran. There on a day after his mass he had supposed to have take his chesible to one of his servants behind him/ But the servants were not there and the chesible fill on the son beam/ and the son beeme bore it long time where his other servants faylleden/ That chesible is yet in thabbey of malmesbury ¶ Also that time the holy pope was deffamed that he had gotten a bastard child when the child was nine days old he was brought to crystning to saint aldelme and saint aldelme conjured the child of nine days old that he should tell if sergius the pope had bygote him/ the child answered and said that the pope was guiltless of that deed. Atte last Aldelm with many privileges went home again to his abbeye and written noble books de virginitate/ De termino Postali De veteris ac novi testamenti floribus· de caritate. de sensibilium rerum natura· De regulis pedum metricorum/ de methaplasmo & de metrico dyalogo. he was abbot of malmesbury forty year/ And was Bishop four year ¶ And that time his brethren made 'em another abbot/ but they buried him when he was deed And Egwinus the bishop came to his burying as it is supposed by warning of god almighty/ ¶ afterward holy bisshopdunston worshipped greatly his place and highted his shrine/ & yave thereto organs and bells holy relykes and ornaments/ & by cause men should not take 'em away unskylfully he cursed therefore and written in this manner/ Bishop dunstan yeveth saint Aldelm Organs· who that taketh 'em away loose he the kingdom of heaven ¶ Also in a water st●ne it is wreton in this manner/ Archebisshop dunstan heat jute this stene. For it should in the holy temple serve saint Aldelm. Also in the bell of the fraytour it is wreton in this manner/ In high hall of heaven come he never that stelyth this bell out of saint Aldelms seat ¶ About this year died saint wylfridus ¶ In his tomb been wreton such verses ¶ Wylfridus holy by mind/ worthy by name/ grieved with perils here well many long tyme. three scythe fyften yere· Bishop he was here a live/ And passed with joy to the bliss that is in heaven Beda libro quinto capitulo 19 ¶ This child was of sharp wit and went in the fourtenthe year of his age to thabbey of lyndeffare and learned there many things of the loore of religion/ & knew thenne that some things were not rightfully held of the Scots And went to Rome for to learn more parfyght loore/ there he learned the four gospels of Boneface archdeacon and the compot of the easter and other needful things to the use of holy church/ In his coming again he dwelled with Alfinus bishop of lugdunensis till he was slain by the queen batild ¶ Thenne wylfridus went again in to Brytayne and received land of king of wyns for to make an Abbay at Rypoun· there he was made priest of Agilbertus ¶ After that when the stryf was ended of the easter term. he was choose bishop of york as it is said afore honde/ when he was deed his priest Acta was bishop after him at hagustalnd church. Beda libro quinto capitulo secundo That year deyde Adrianus Abbot of saint Peter's and helper of theodorus tharchbishop his disciple and successor was albynus/ Of him it is wreton innermore  
¶ Item capitulo duodecimo That time nactanus king of picts sent messengers to colfridus abbot of Bedaes' abbey/ that is thabbey gerwyk to be. informed of the very holnding of the ester tide & of the man of tonsure of hoolly church/ among other things he written to him/ that for to hold a right the easter term Three rules been needful to know/ twain of 'em been contained in moyses law and the third in the gospel by thordinance of thapostles/ And so he sent to him the very true manner and reulis to hold the eesterday like as we now holnde ¶ The second Ius●inianus sent his host for to take Philipicus that he had left at pontus in cersona. but the host turned to philipicus side and slough justinianus The second philipicus that hete dardanicus also was Emperor one year and six months/ he fled in to scicilia for the host of rome· And by cause he was an heretic he commanded to scrape of all the painting of churches Therefore the Romayns threw away all manner money that his image was grave in/ the second Anastasius was Emperor three year after that he had slain philipicus ¶ In his time Dagobertus was king of France after his father Childebertus/ & reigned eleven year by sufferance of pypinus vetalus/ that yet ruled the kings house After Constantinus the second gregory was pope sixten year ¶ That year saint cuthlacus the Anchor deyde in crowlond. And I●e king of westsaxons and colredus king of mercia fought at wodenesburgh so sharply. and either of 'em bore himself so ungraciously. that it was not known/ whether of them had worse sped ¶ The third theodosius was Emperor one year and was goodly and benign. and overcome his predecessor Anastasius and made him a priest But after one year this theodosius was put down and made a clerk by his successor the thyrdde lo the strong/ ¶ In his time come many sarasyns and besyeged Constantinople three year. It seemeth that johan damascenus was that time in his flowers and was brought in to Perce There were lettres wreton of his enemies and thrown forth and found and openly red/ In which lettres was contained his conspyracye against the prince. Thenne his right honde was smitten of/ for he should never ward write/ but he prayed fast to our lady that he served bysyly and his honde was restored to him again ¶ R It it is not to suppose that this johan is johan theremite that is set in the book of faders/ soon after hillarion and warned theodosius the emperor of other vyctoryes ¶ It is another johan that was in the thyrdde theodosius time in grece and afterward in Perce and made many noble books in both philosophy. ¶ That johan thermit was long time to fore the great gregory·s And this johan damascenus was long time after the great gregory  
¶ That is known by that·s that this johan damascenus in his books of divynyte aledgeth the great gregoryes noble and great miracle of the drlyveraunce of Traianus· that may not be understand of gregory nazauzenus· for he was about constantinople and about pontus and uneath come ever at Rome/ But mind of that miracle of the deliverance of Traianus atte sepulchre of thappostles in the cyte of Rome by the great Gregory pope is held every year as holy church maketh mind/ In treting of deeds that helpeth 'em that been deed/ johan damascene allegeth that miracle   

¶ Capitulum 23  
THe thyrdde lo with his son Constantyn was Emperor five and twenty year/ In his first year deyde pipinus Vetulus after that he had governed the kings house eight and twenty year/ ¶ After him come charles that was bygoten on a Concubine and heat tutides and marcellus also/ And had such names of sledges and hamers/ with the which smiths beaten and temperen great gads of iron. tudes or malleus in latyn is a sledge or an hamer in englysshe This Charles fought nobly against sarasyns that come out of Africa and made 'em flee in one battle at peytow· and in another battle at narbon and chased 'em in to spayne· in the which bataylls were slain four hundred thousand & five & sixty thousand of sarasyns/ Also he fought against the saxons and against the bauar●es Also against hendo a duke of guyen & against Raufredus duke of angeo Also this charles for business of wars and bataylles that fill upon him bytoke the goods of holy church to lewdmen. therefore Eucherius bishop of Orleyans while he say in his beads saw this charles in body and in soul. tormented in hell/ The Angel that showed that sight to the bishop said that it was because he took the goods of holy church and of pour men/ Thenne by warning of the bishop the abbot of saint denies and pipinus priest went to charles grave and turned the stone/ and saw a greet dragon flee out of the grave/ but there was no body yfound ¶ Paulus libro septimo That year at Rome the river Tiber wax so great and so huge that the waters that fill met and joined to geders fro port saint peter to port juilinum/ and dured so seven days till the Cyteseyns made a litany/ That year deyde king etheldredus after that he had be king of mercia thirty year and monk e of bardony thyrten year/ And he was buried at lycheselde After him his cousin ethelbaldus reigned that was pendaes nephew son in his brother side/ And so he was the son of the son of alwy pendaes broder· And ethelbaldus reigned forty year as cuthlacus the confessor had said This ethelbaldus in the eyghtenthe year of his kingdom bysiegid Somerton and wan it and spoylled northumberlond & overcome the walsshmen/ but in the xxxvij year of his kingdom he was overcome of cuthredus king of westsaxons/ The last year of his kingdom his own men slow him at Secandon Also that year Colfrydus abbot of girwey deyde at hugon in pilgrimage Willelmus de 'pon libro quarto That year died seint Egwinus the thyrdde bishop of wyccies/ ¶ That Bisshopryche is now called wyrcetre. In a time Egwinus bythought him of the sins of his yongthe. and gyvyd himself/ and threw the keys of the gives in to the river Auene· And went gyved openly to Rome· And said he shol be syker of the forgiveness of his sins/ When his gives were unshyt and unloken by the virtue of god or else by the same keyes·s And he went so gyved to Rome· And it is said that the bells of the cyte bygonne to ring by 'em self in his coming/ he come again with privilege for his church/ cs he saylede in the see of Brytayne a great fish leepe in to his ship. And in the gut of that fish was founden the key that unlokked the gives Beda libro 5. capitulo sexto saint johan bishop of york deyde at deyrwode that is beverle the year of his bisshopryche three and thyrtty/ and was buried in the porch of the minstre. In his first years & specially in lente he dwelled in saint mychels chapel at hastugald church not f●r fro the tyne in the north hill of the same place that hete hernyshowe in Englyssh/ But in englysshe that is now used it hete Ernes hill/ And he deyde atte last atte Beverley that is four and twenty mile out of york estward. And that place is called Beverley/ and also brokkesly. For many brocks were wont sometime to come thither out of the hills that been there nigh/ There saint johan build a church of seint nicholas and another of seint johan baptist in the hill for refresshing and feeding of brethren/ The freedom and the priveleges of that place is encreced to great prouffit and worship/ so that there is received no bataille and stryf between twain/ but who that is accused shall purge himself with his own honde I●em Beda ubi supra After this johan his priest wilfridus was bishop thirtty year  
R ¶ This hete the younger wilfridus and overpassed bedaes time, For there were three famous wilfrydes'. the first was the more wylfrydns that went thrice to Rome of him we have spoken tofore honde/ that other was the younger wylfrydus that was bishop of york/ after saint johan of beuer●ey· the thyrdde was bishop of wyccyes after Egwin●e. ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro secundo King Ive builded on abbaye at glastenbury as Aldelm had counseylled him sometime ¶ That abbey endured nobly unto the time of the danes/ but afterward by help of dunstan under king edmond and king edgar/ that abbey was nobly amended and arrayed to the coming of normans/ But after that time I note by what mysshappes/ it is alweye set with wicked travaylles·s ¶ Also the abbots of that place for greet richesses been proud & bycome tyrants and swellen in pride outward and be not wroth/ & been cruel in ward and not prouffytable And that was specially known in abbot thurstinus time ¶ R Thider were translated the bones of saint hilda thabbess/ of colfrydus thabbot of gyrwye/ & some bones of Bishop aydan the which bones king Edmond brought with him when he was in the journey against the Scots ¶ There rests the second patriarch of Irlond abbot and confessor/ The martiloge that is red on saint bartilmeus day saith that he would convert the yrysshe men and might not/ therefore he forsook yrlonde and came to glastyngbury and died there on saint Bartilmeus day   

¶ Capitulum 24.  
Lo themperour left thenemies of th'empire and warrayed ayeynste fygnres and images of saints/ Pope gregorye & Germanus of Constantinople withstood him manly as the old use and customme would that is allowed and approved by holy church and said that it is worthy and medefull to do 'em the affection of worship/ For we worship in hem but god/ And often by the fight of such images men worship god and holy saints God a●one shall be principally worshipped and after him Creatures shall be worshipped in worship of him Beda libro quinto capitulo visesimo quarto ¶ That year deyde wyhtredus king of Caunterbury and Thobias bishop of Rouchestre that couth Latin and grue as well as his own language/ Paulus libro 7/ That year sarasyns come unto Constantinople/ and besyeged it three year and took thence moche good cattles/ Wight brandus king of longobardes herd thereof and raunsonned the relics of saint austyn the doctor/ the which relics were sometime translated to sardina for fere of strange enemies/ And he made 'em to be born to the cyte of gene/ and thence to papye/ that hete sometime titinum/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro primo King Ive bytoke his kingdom of westsaxons to his Cousin ethelardus/ and went to rome/ it is said that he was the first of kings that granted to saint peter of every house of his kingdom a penny/ that long time of englysshemen was called Rome skott/ but in latyn it is called petres penny/ The kings wyf ethelburga gave him occasion to take that pilgrimage/ & that in this man/ she had oft counceyled her husband to forsake the riches of this world/ & specially in the last years of his life/ but she sped not/ therefore at last she fonded to overcome him with gyle/ And in a time when they had leye to guider in the Ryal cyte/ and departed thence/ then after three days the governor of the cyte defowled the palace with all the filth that he might find with dung and filth of beestes and of mukhilles/ And where the king had leyn and slept/ he laid a sow with her pigs that late had farwed/ Alle this he died by assent and commandment of the queen/ then the queen prayed her husband with flattering and desired him to come to that place/ there he had be The king granted and came thither/ and saw that place that sometime was like to Sardanapalus pleasure and lust/ then so disarrayed and defowled/ when she saw this occasion/ she spoke to the king and said/ I pray you my lord/ where been now the curteyns/ and all the rich array of halls and chambers/ Where is now the pleasant service of them that were wont to flatre you/ where is the liking and pleasant service of gluttony and lechery/ Be they not all passed ¶ So my Lord shall our flesh pass and fall aweye/ that is now norysshed in gold and in rich array/ here with her husband was overcome/ and after his noble bataylles and vyctoryes/ and great prays that he had taken/ he bytoke his kingdom to his nephew/ and went to Rome/ He came not openly thedyr in sight as a king/ but he share his heed/ and clothed him as a pour man/ and wax old among beggars/ ¶ But the queen Ethelburga went to the Abbay of berking there her sister had be abbess/ And she was afterward made abbess of the same maidens and made a blessed end/ and passed to rest  
Beda li/ 5/ ca/ 29/ Osricus king of northumberlond deyde after the ninth year of his kingdom/ After him Colwulfus reigned nine year/ To him beda written the story called historia Anglycana/ Beda ubi supra/ That year were seen two grisly stars with blazing crests about the son/ that dured two weeks/ That one of 'em passed erly to fore the son/ and the other came after the son at eve/ And these stars blazed and cast as it were brenning brands toward the northside and boded great death and manslaughter/ For then came a grievous meschyef of Sarafyns/ and bete down gallia that is france/ Beda li/ 5/ ca/ 25/ That year deyde bryghtwoldus archebisshop of doroberma/ that is caunterbury/ ¶ After him Tadwynus was archebisshoy and was sacred of the bishops of london/ of wynchestre/ and of Rouchestre/ That year the south provinces unto the march of the river of humbre were subget to ethelbaldus king of mercia/ The pyctes and the Scots hadden peace with the Angles/ Somme brytons were at her own law/ and some served the Angles After the second gregory/ the thyrdde gregory was pope eleven year/ he confirmed the worshipping of holy images in a counceyl that was made at Rome of a thousand bishops/ And cursed dredefully all them that done against that statute of worshipping of holy images/ Also that year one petronax bryxianus went to the hill mount cassyn and restored the place covenably of gods of catel and of monks by comfort and commandment of pope gregory/ Tadwinus tharchebisshop of caunterbury deyde/ And nothelinus bishop of london was archebisshop after him/ Also that year deyde Alwynus was bishop of lychefeld/ And wytta was bishop of lychefeld when he was deed/ & Totta was Bishop of legecestria/ that is chestre/ And eata dured yet a dorchestre/ ¶ R ¶ That year deyde that worthy man Beda the priest/ Willelmus de Regibus libro 5/ The seventh year of his age he was bytake to nourysshing and to loore to benet bishop of girwye/ ¶ And after his death to Colfrydus abbot of the same place/ In his nyntenth year he was made deken of johan Bishop of york/ and priest in his thyrtty year/ that year he bygan to write/ and so he spent all his life time in the same abbey/ and made him busy to study and expowne holy writ/ & among the business that he had every day in the service of religion and in singing in church/ he had great sweetness and liking to learn/ to teach and to write/ he written/ lxxviij/ books/ he acompteth the books in historia Anglicana/ Here lacketh and faileth cunning and speech to wondre at full/ that a man that was so without use of school made so many noble volumes in so sober words in so little space of his life time/ Of all this I conclude that he come never at Rome/ though some men would ween that he went to Rome to be there present and to show that his books were according to the loore of holy church/ And if that they were not according/ for to amend 'em atte pope's commandment But that he went blind about for to preach/ that he was lad by fraud of his man for to preach to stones/ that answered & said Amen/ that he went thrice to Rome/ that he fond three/ R. and three/ F/ written and expowned what is sygnefyed/ I find not these things wreton in books of authority/ Somme men 〈◊〉 that such a writing was founden/ R/ R/ R/ FLETCHER/ FLETCHER/ FLETCHER/ And such an exposition/ Regna ruent Rome/ Ferro/ Flamma/ fame que/ that is to say/ Kingdoms of Rome shall fall by Iron/ fire and hunger/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro primo Butt by Pope Sergius pistle that was sent to abbot colfrydus it is known that beda was sent after and prayed for to come to Rome/ for tassoylle questions that there were moved/ Here take heed/ how worthy the court of Rome held him/ that so noble a court had need to have him for to declare & assoylle the questions that there were moved/ And also how worthy we shall hold him by the manner of his living and of his teaching/ he might not be vycious that spent so his wit and thought in expowning of holy writ/ But his cleanness was seen moche at his last end/ For seven weeks continuelly his stomach had Indignation of meet and of drink/ So that uneath he might retain any meet/ and was straight and short breathed/ But for all that he spared not the travail of letture and of books/ But every day among the de●ty travail of service and of psalms/ he taught his disciples in lessons and in questions/ And he turned seint johans' Gospel in to Englysshe/ and said/ Learn you my small children while I am a live and with you/ I wot not how long I shall with you abide/ And ever among he said that saw of Ambrose/ I have not so lived among you/ that me shameth to live/ neither me dreadeth to die/ For we have a good lord/ ¶ By night when he had noman to ●eche/ he travailed busily in beads bidding and thanking god of all/ The tuesday tofore thascension his death neyhed/ & his feet bygonne to swell. he was houseled and enoynted and kissed his brethren and prayed 'em all to have of him mind/ And he gave to many of his servants things that he had kept in privity In the ascension day the cloth of here was spread and he laid him down and prayed the grace of holy ghost and said/ O king of blysse· lord of virtues that hast the pries and art this day/ stied up above all hevenes/ leave thou us not faderles·s but sand thou in to us that byheest of the father/ the ghost of sothnes/ when that was ended he yielded up the last breath with a well great suetenes of smel-and thenne he was buried there/ But the common fame tellith that he is now at durham with saint Cuthbert/ and with him was buried well nigh all the knowleche unto the conquest of deeds of englond and neygh all the cunning of lettres For after that time after lewd came more lewd. As the shamely verses that were wreton on his tomb bear great witness of uncunning/ though versus be unworthy to be written on so worthy a man's tomb/ these been the verses/ Beda the priest rests here y buried in the flesshe· Cryste grant his soul to be glad in heaven forever/ Grant him to drink the well of wisdom that he hath now. Desired besily alway right with love great ¶ About that time ricoldus duke of Frysons was turned by the preaching of of saint wulfranus the bishop and would be crystned. And put his one foot in the fontestone and withdrew that other/ and asked of 'em that stood about whether there were moo of his predecessors in paradies or in hell/ and was answered moo in hell he heard that and drough his foot out of the water and said It is esyer that I follow the moo than the less/ and so he was beguiled of the fende· and deyde the thyrdde day after  
¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro quarto  
About that time deyde saint Frydeswyde/ the maid born at Oxenford the daughter of duke dydamus/ king algarus a lecherous man followed her to the Cyte of Oxenford/ Andrea when the maid was entered in to the cyte the yates closeden and shytt by 'em self/ And the king werde blind that poursued her But by the prayer of the maid the king had his sight again sith that time after kings of Englond dread for to come with in that Cyte for dread of myshappes that might hem byfalle ¶ Colwulfus king of northumberlond after eight year of his kingdom left his kingdom to his cousin Egbertus the son of his faders brother/ and became ● monk at bedas abbaye/ And egbertus reigned nynten yere· ¶ R But Willelmus de regibus saith that he was shore at lyndeffa● church/ and at last buried beside saint cuthbert/ nothelinus archebiss●●p of caunterbury/ deyde/ And cuthbert bishop of herford was Archebisshop after him   

¶ Capitulum 25  
THe fifth constantinus after his father lo was Emperor three and thyrtty year/ This as his father used took images out of church in every place and set 'em a fire/ Etheldredus king of westsaxons deyde the fourteenth year of his kingdom/ His cousin cuthbert was king after hym· and warrayed oft-times against ethelwaldus king of mercia. and reigned sixten year. His cousin Sygebertus reigned after him two year/ he was proud of the haps of his predecessor and governed his subgettis hard and evyl· And turned the laws at his own will And slough the noble Earl cumbranus evil and wickedly/ for he had spoken to him of his evil bearing and deeds But atte last for he would not be amended. he was put out of his kingdom. thenne he went in to a wode· and hid himself/ And a swyneherd of thearls that was slain fond him & slough him. ¶ About that time deyde Charles marcellus/ After him his two sons the second pipinus and charlemagne come to the pryncipate of the kings house/ ¶ But charlemagne after the fourth year of his pryncipate left of the pryncipate by counceyl of his broder·s and took the way to Rome· and was shore a monk in pope Zacharyas tyme. And made an Abbeye in the hill Mount Sarapte/ and lived there somdele long time/ But at last by cause frensshmen come thyderto oft to him as to their lord as they died somtyme· he went thennes to mount Cassyn/ And they prayed him thant he would send lettres to the king of France for to restore again saint benets body to mount Cassyn The pope died as he was prayed/ And the king of France bade the monks of floriacio to deliver saint Benettes body Thenne the monks bygan to weep and to fast/ and prayed god busily that the body must abide with 'em/ god herd their prayers and smote the messengers that were sent/ and made 'em stark blind. And so they failed of their purpoys and went in to ytaly again. then the second pipinus prefecte of the palace governed the kings house of France/ Under hildericus the son of theodericus· for he was an unprofitable man and to esy and received nothing of the kingdom/ but the name of the kingdom and his livelode/ Pipinus asked of the pope Zacharyas/ if he should be king that held him paid only with the name of king and gave him to sloth and died none other good/ The pope written again and said that he should have the name and be king that rewleth well the comynte/ the frensshemen were glad of this answer. and closed hildericus in an abbey and made pipinus king And after the eighteenth year he was made Emperor by decree of Zacharyas the pope/ then he compelled astulphus king of ytaly that inpugned the right of Rome for to restore that he had take and made him delyvere and yeve plegges/ After Gregory Zacharias was pope twelve year/ this went on a time toward ravenna right in the myddel of juyn and was covered all a day with a cloud that god had sent/ for he should not be brent with the great hete of the sonne· And all night that cloud abode beside his tent and aroos again a morowe· Also fiery ostes went tofore that holy man in the clouds/ The order of the Easter was distourbled/ Theyonger wylfrydus bishop of york deyde/ and after him Egbertus king egbertus brother was bishop xxxuj year Willelmus de regibus libro primo/ And de pontificibus libro quarto ¶ By his wit and sleyghte and his brother the kings money/ he reparayled the see/ and amended it in two states/ for he was a man of great heart and of great wit/ and took strongly heed that as it is great pride to covet and desire aught that is not rightful. so is it great lewdness and wrechedines to forgendre what is detty and ryghtful. therefore tharchbishop's pal that the first paulinus that was put out by strength of enemies had left at Rouchestre· and many of his predecessors had forgendered it there. he gate it again by great Instance & money that he made atte court of Rome/ ¶ Also he ordained at york a noble lyberarye/ ¶ The noble doctor of Englisshmen Alcuinns that was sent to king Charles for peace of Englysshmen/ in his pistle that he sent to holy church in to Englond of that lybrarye maketh noble mynde· ¶ Also he writeth to king Charles in this manner. Yeve me books of loore such as I had in my country of englonde by the wit of my master egbertus· & I shall send to you some of our children that shall take thereof what is needful. And bring in to France the flowers of brytayne/ For alone an orchard y closed shall be at york/ And at turoyn the sprynging of paradies/ That year deyde saint danyel bishop of wynchestre/ After him came humfrious· After zacharyas steven was pope five year/ This enoynted pipinus two sons and made 'em emperors Charlemagne and the great charles/ sith that time thempire of Rome passed fro the greeks to frensshmen and then to germans Kenulphus of cerdicus kind in the fifth degree pendas nephew gotten of kenwalcus was a great man/ his virtues passed his fame/ By help of the westsaxons he put Sygebertus out of that kingdom for the gretenes of his evil deeds/ and reigned in his stead thyrtty year/ but he granted him the province of hampton till he had slain duke cumbranus/ then he was put away & hide in a wood and was slain of the dukes swynherd· Ethelwoldus king of Mercia was slain at Sygeswold of beoruredes the tyrant & was buried at rypindon/ but not long afterward offa ethelwaldus nephew slough beoruredus & reigned in his stead xxxix year in mercia/ this overcome in a battle the northumbres the westsaxons/ and kentysshmen/ So that ●e turned tharchebisshops see out of Caunterbury in to lychefeld in the province of mercia. Also he translated saint Albon's bones to the more abbaye that he had builded/ he yaf to the pope Peter's v●ca●y a rent by year of every house of his kingdom. he made all so a great dyche that is ever seen to depart between wales & the kingdom of mercia/ the which dyche is yet named offedyche Thou shalt find more hereof in the first book capitulo de platris regalibus ¶ w/ de r li/ 1. This offa fonded to gete friend ship ● of kings/ and married his daughter ethelburga to bryghtrycus king of westsaxons. he sent alcuinus doctor of Englysshmen to Charles king of France for to procoure pees·s For theridamas was so great discord and stryf between the kingdoms/ that passage of merchants was forbade on either side.  
Organs come first in to France sent fro Constantyn the Emperor king of gre●e to pipinus king of France  
Egbertus· king of northumberlond was shorn monk/ and his son ofwulphus reigned after him and was slain in th'end of his first year of the northumbres/ ¶ After him mol● that was called ethelwold also reigned seven year Marinell/ ¶ After stephen paul was pope ten year a mild man in all things. In his time gengulphus was in his flowers in Burgoyn. In a time he bought a well in France and prayed god and had it granted that thilk well might spring out in burgoyn/ This man left his wyf for she had broken spouseed and was slain of the clerk that had lay by his wyf. when he was deed god showed many miracles for him. but his wyf spoke evil of the miracles & said when gengulphus mine husband doth miracles mine arse shall sing/ & so it was do. For as oft/ as she spoke afterward her ar● would sing w●th a fowl noise/ Mull king of northumberlond left the kingdom. And Aluredus reigned after him nine year This Aluredus had two sons/ ofredus that was the third that reigned after him in his stead/ and saint Alcum●dus that was slain afterward when he halp the men of mercia against the west sax●us ¶ Paul the pope deyde and Constantyn a lewd man was made pope by maystrye and by strength and was pope one year and died sklaunder to all holy church/ But by chierte of cristen men he was put of the church and his eyen were put out That year deyde pipinus king of France in an evil that was between fell and flesh after that he had reigned eight and twenty year   

¶ Capitulum 26  
THan pipinus was deed the frensshemen departed the kingdom between his two sons charles and charlemagne. but charlemagne deyde after two year and thenne charles had all the kingdom and governed it nobly after that time six and forty year ¶ Thenne charlemans wyf and children fled to desiderius king of longobardes and prayed him of help and succour with out any need for noman compelled 'em thereto But charles first overcome duke hunald and wangyen and made it subget/ and at te prayer of pope adryan he bysieged desiderius king of ytaly in the cyte of papye/ for he was rebel against the church of Rome/ as his brother astulphus had been/ Charles took him in the Cyte of papye & exiled him & made his own son pipinus king of ytaly in his stead/ In that battle deyde amicus and amelius crystes knightes·s and his herty frendes·s Of hem been read wonderful deeds Atte last charles chastised the saxons and the slaves and took many of 'em and sent 'em in to diverse places of france/ So that the saxons forsook their mawmetrye and were made one people Saxons and Frensshmen· There after Charles went in to spayn and wan the dales lands and countries about the hills montes pireni· But he was assoylled in the way with busshementis of Gascoyns. so that they slough the vtterde●le of his host. there oliver chief sewer of the kings bord· & roland earl of the palace were slain and many other peers of Fraunce· De libro turpini In a day when trewes were granted on either side/ Aigolandus a strong prince of spain came to charles for to be crystned/ And saw all that were at b●rde rially clothed and delyciously fedde· And saw a far thyrten 〈◊〉 men sit on the ground and have broken meet and simple with out any board. And he asked what they were. & it was answered him that these thyrten been gods messengers and pray for us & bring to mind the number of crystes disciples/ As I see said Aigolandus your law is naught rightful that suffereth gods messengers be thus evil seruyd· He serveth evil his lord that so received his servants/ And so he was lewdly offended and despised crystendom and went home again/ But charles worshipped afterward pour men the more Trevisa Aigolandus was a lewd ghost and lewdly moved as the devil him taught and blinded him that he couth not know that men should be served as her state asked/ ¶ Gir de p. ca 17 Here after charles wan gallia narbonensis and made subget capnanes. and be●neuentanes the danes and the sueves that were confedered to hem/ And he died that all at one journey/ kings of brytons of angles of part & of scots of grece worshipeden him with yefts And as Turpyn tharchebisshop telleth Charles was fair and welfaring of body and stern of face· His body was eight foot on length/ his face a span and an half· and his beard was a foot longe· he cleef a two with his sword a knight armed at one stroke/ he would esyly with his hands fold and bend four horse shone at ones·s he would have a stonding knight armed from the ground with his one honde/ he would eat an hare all hoole or twain hens/ or a goos at one meal/ and he would drink a little win watered/ he was so scarce of drink that seld he would drink but thries at his soper ¶ This Charles was gracious & mild to pour men & to churches/ Over the Ryn at magounce he made a bridge of five honderd paas·s as frensshmen done/ as so ne as he might for youth he taught his sons to ride and hunt. to do deeds of arms and to learn sciences of school/ he ordained his daughters to werche▪ wool work with spyudle & with dystaf and ordained 'em to use such works for they should not wax slow by idleness/ he held him not a paid with his country speech/ he couth better understand the language of g●ue than speak it/ in loore of grammar peter of pyse was his master/ & in other sciences of clergy alcuinus albinus an englysshman was his master/ Charles fonded to write lettres/ therefore he bore a payr table● for to write in. but it profiteth right little/ for that travail was bygonne to late· he would be at church erly and late and at hours that were said by night/ he ordeygned and assigned great alms to pour men that were in f●r lands in egypt and in Africa. he had alweye a reda● at meet. and had great delight in saint Austyns books and specially in his books de civitate dei. ¶ In summer time after meet in the undertyde he would take somewhat of apples and drink one's thereto/ and do of his clotheses and go to bed as it were by night and sleep two houres·s By night he would four scythes or five awake & arise and lie down and sleep/ thrice he came to Rome and alyght of his ho●s a mile a this half the cyte and go afote in to all the cyte and kissed all the pylers of chirches·s he delivered the holy land and come again to Constantinople and forsook all the precious and great yefts that Constantin themperour proffered reserved relics of holy saints/ he received a great party of our lords cross and a party of the crown of thorns that there in his sight that byganne to blosme· and bear flowers. and one of crystes nails/ our lady smok and saint symeons Arm/ and brought these relyquyes with him to saint marye church at Aquisgranum that he had founded and lieth buried there/ he fonded as many abbeys as been lettres in the A/ B/ C. In every of thilk abbeys by th● order of the fondation thereof. he set and pyghte a letter of gold of the weight of an honderd pond tournoys/ Of this man Charle● it is wonder that he would uneath marye any of his daughters while he was a live/ out take his oldest daughter the which he married to the king of grece that hete constantin/ Charles said that he might not be without company of his daughters/ Therefore though he were gracious in other deeds/ In that point against fortune he was to blame/ and though there were great speech thereof among the people. he made it as though he knew it not· And as none suspection were of that folly deed. therefore some men ween that that was the sin that he would never shrive him of with his mouthe· but uneath at last by writing to saint gyles Also this charles or he deyde deled his catel in three parties. one party he assigned to pour men/ Another to chirches·s And yet the third he departed in four partyes·s one there of he kept for to hold his myndeday/ that other to every days use/ the thyrdde to his sons and nephews and the fourth to his servants that were of his household/ he sat one's at meet. and his master alcuinus sat to fore him. thenne he asked his master how great difference and space was between a scot and a sot/ but the breed of a metebord said his master R. ¶ For to bring stories to accord that seemeth out of accord speaking of th'empire and of the kingdom of charles/ Take heed that this charles while he was young was enoynted king of the second pope steuen/ the year of our lord seven honderd. Liiij. while his father pipinus was a live and reigned with his father. and under him xv year unto his father's death/ then after his father's death that deyde the year of our lord seven honderd and eight and sixty year/ he reigned with his brother charlemagne two year. his brother deyde the year of our lord seven honderd and/ lxx/ Charles held the kingdom all hool fourten year/ to the year of our lord seven honderd four score and four That year he went first to Rome to be crowned emperor of Adrian the pope And there after he was Emperor sixten year to the year of our lord eight honderd When the fourth pope lo confirmed charles again Emperor. there after he was emperor fourten year And deyde the year of his age two and seventy/ that was the year of our lord eight honderd and xiv Thenne after some men tell in stories that he reigned in all six and forty year/ that shall be understonden from his fadres death to his own death// But who that will see more of charles life must look the books of his master Alcuinus or turpyn tharchebisshops books ¶ That day that Charles deyde at vyan in France Turpyn was in his beads and saw a company of blac knights wend toward Akon for to take charles soule· and he conjured the last of 'em that he should come again when he had done and tell 'em what they died and how they sped Thenne the fiend went and come again And Turpyn asked of him what they had do/ we have quoth the fiend weighed charles soul/ but thilk james of spain that was byheded/ laid so many stones and tears in the weight and balance that charles good deeds had the maystrye and weighed more than his evil deeds/ And we have right naught brought with us ageyne· Charles said the fiend used to build many churches in worship of seint jame. After that Constantyn that had assoylled the poperych & take it with strength was put out. Pope stephen was pope four-yere. Anon he gathered a synod and revoked all that was do by his predecessor out take christening and crysme/ and what that was ordained to salvation that deyen   

¶ Capitulum 27.  
AFter Steven the first Adryan was pope four and twenty year/ First this gathered the second counceyl at Constantinople of three honderd faders and fifty/ he made another council in the Cyte of Rome with three honderd and fifty faders/ king charles was present there/ Thenne him was granted right in the election of the pope and of the ordaining of the pope's see/  
The northumbres put out their king Aluredus and took ethelbertus that hete Etheldredus also the son of mollus· and made him their king/ he reigned over 'em five year/ The fourth lo the son of the fifth Constantyn reigned in grece four year/ He brent in thirst for great covetyse· he took of a church a crown that was ryally set with carbuncle stones/ and set it on his heed and was take with a sudden fever and deyde/ That year/ offa king of mercia spoylled lamberd Archebisshop of caunterbury of his dignity/ of prymate/ and brought that dignity to lychefeld and held it there while he was a live by assent of the pope adryan The sixth Constantin the son of the fourth lo reigned in grece with his mother Iren ten year/ In his last year fill discord and stryf between the son and mother. And the mother took the son and put him in prison & so she reigned alone five year. Atte last the son had help and counseyl of the Armenyes and came out of prysonne and poursued cruelly his mother and her helpers Thenne afterward the son for his great cruel●es was take by commandment and strength of the mother/ and his eyen were put out in so evil m●ner that he deyde son afterward and so Iren reigned again five year. But nichoforus patricius that had great worship of Iren. roos against her and took the crown against the people's will. and took of her the treasure of th'empire with an oath made to be harmeles·s and exiled her and so exiled she deyde/ the first year of this Constantin in a deed man's grave at Constantinople was found a plate of gold. in which plate was wreton in this manner/ Cryst shall be born of maid mary/ In him I byleve· Under Constantyn and Iren/ son eft me. thou shalt see. Mari li. secundo. That year kenulphus king of westsaxons/. & offa king of mercia fought strongly for the cyte of besyngton/ but offa had the victory and the cyte ¶ That year the northumbres put out her king ethelbertus that heat etheldredus also/ and made Aswolf king that reigned eleven year/ That year the second synod was made at nicene of three honderd and fifty bishops in adryans' time/ In that synod against thopinion of greeks it is said that the holy ghost cometh of the father and of the son Willelmus de pontificibus libro quarto Kenulphus king of westsaxons cast for to put kinehard out of his kingdom the brother of his predecessor Sigebertus and came by night to a woman's house at merton that was his leman/ there Clyto came with four score fellows/ and and bysette the king all aboute· But when the king was awaked he defended manly himself/ but he was slain at last Erly a morrow it was known that the king was dede· and of●cus the kings capitayne came with his fellows to the place and slough clyto and his fellows everichone/ and took the kings body and buried it at wynchestre· ¶ After kenulphus brightricus of Cerdicus's blood was king of westsaxons fyften years Anon by help of king offa whose daughter he had wedded be put out Egbertus the son of Alemundus the under king that was the son of offa that came of the blood of gengulsus & of Ive/ Anon as he was so put down he went in to Fraunce· & used the school of chivailrye. And when bryghtricus was deed. he came again and reigned and taught the school of chivalry/ as he had learned in france/ lull archebisshop of caunterbury deyde/ and Rychulfus was archebisshop after him eight and twenty year he bygan to build saint albons great church from the fundament of a wonder work of brent tile and brought it nobly to an end/ ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro quarto This year king offa married his daughter Ethelburga to Brightricus king of westsaxons/ Of her it is said that she laboured busily by might or by venom for to sle all the household men of her husband/ then on a time she gave venom to a youngling that was homely with the king and slough both the king and the youngling/ then she went to the king of France and had with her great treasure and riches/ And in a time the king and his son stood in a chambre/ and the king gave her choice/ whether she would have to husband of the father or the son/ And she cheese the son/ hadst thou choose me quoth the king/ thou shouldest have had my son/ But for thou hast forsake me/ thou shalt not have me nermy son/ thou must leave the pride of the world/ and go in to an abbey/ there a lewd man say by her/ & she was put out & deyde in poverty/ After that time thereof it came to be used among the Angles that the kings wyf should not be called queen. ner sit by the king in the kings sete/ ¶ Henricus/ libro quarto/ ¶ That year was seen a wonder sign of the Cross on Englysshe man's clotheses/ and blood fill down fro heaven to the earth/ It is not known/ whether this befyll in token of the motion of Jerusalem/ that fill three honderd year afterward in wiliam the Reeds time/ or else for tamende Englysshmen that they should dread the wretch that was to come upon hem by the danes/ but as god will so moat it be/ that year the danes came first in to England/ The kings styward of westsaxons went against 'em unwisely with few men and was slain of 'em/ ¶ saint Oswold king of northumberlond was slain of his own men/ his nephew Osredus the son of Aluredus/ and brother of Alcmundus reigned after him and was son put once after and slain/ After him Etheldredus that was sometime put out of his kingdom reigned again and was son afterward slain/ therefore Colwulphus bishop of lyndeffar forsook both and left the see and the kingdom/ Here after oswaldus reigned after few days After him Adulphus reigned one year/ There after/ lxxuj/ year kings regneden there/ the last of 'em were Osbryght and Elle The danes slough hem atte Cyte of yorkland all the flower of their men the year of our lord eyyht honderd/ lxxvij/ After that time the danes reigned in northumberlonde two and fifty year/ unto Ethelstans' time ¶ Pipinus the son of charles conspired against his father/ but his counceyl was wried/ And he was shore monk. and closed in an Abbaye/ and his fellows were some byheded and some an hanged by the throat/ saint Ethelbertus king of ●estangles was prived both of his kingdom and of his life by heest of king offa and by exyting and council of his own wyf kyneswyda   

¶ Capitulum 28/  
Offa deyde king of mercia/ his son Egsercus reigned after him one year/ And after him a mild man kenulphus cutbertus son was king/ he gate on his wyf queen Alfritha quen drida/ burgenilda/ and saint kenelme/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro primo in fine/ This kenulfus was pendaes nephew in the fifth degree/ and was a greet man/ his virtues passed his fame/ At home he was devout and mild/ In battle he was strong and had oft the victory/ ¶ After Offa he took wrath against kentysshmen and warrayed strongly in her land/ And took their king Egbert that hete pren by his surname/ & lad him with him bound in to mercia/ But son after he was mylded by mercy of manheede in the building of the church of wynchecombe that he builded/ Atte auter he gave the king freedom that was his prisoner/ There were present thyrten bishops and ten duke's/ For that deed all the church swooned for joy/ and the street cried grutched and made noise starting about/ Also he restored again the dignity of prymate to athelardus bishop of caunterbury and deyde atte last after the year of his first reign four and twenty/ and was buried at wynchecombe/ and left kenelme after him to be his heir/ That time at Constantinople the son withdrew his light seventeen days/ and was not seen/ so that many men supposed that it was byfalle for the blending & putting out of king Constantyns eyen/ Alfredus Also that year that was the tenth year of bryghtrycus were fiery dragons seen in englonde fleeing by the air/ After that sign came two pestylences/ strong hunger/ and the war of the danes that assaylled first northumberlond/ and then lyndeseye But at that time the danes were overcome and fled to her ships ¶ After adryanus the fourth lo was pope twenty year/ ¶ In a time this went to saint Peter's on a saint marcus day with the litany and was take and his eyen put out and his tongue kit of/ But god by a miracle restored him his sight and hi● speech/ so that he spoke without tongue/ Afterwards he went to Charles in to France/ and come again with him to Rome/ Thenne wretch was take of the pope's enemies/ and the pope purgid him of that men bore him on honde/ And then eft he crowned charles/ and confirmed him that was tofore crowned/ Nychoforus patricius exiled Irene thempress of grece· and assaylled and took th'empire with wiles and with strength/ and reigned yeght year/ In his time the eeste empire failed all out The body of saint wythburgh the maid was founden hoole and sound in the town of durham/ there as it was buried after/ lv year/ wythburgh was the daughter of king anna/ and the sister of sexburga/ that year charles was crowned emperor of lo the pope/ sith that time th'empire passed fro the Greeks to the Frensshemen/ and to the germans that been Almayns  
Giraldus de/ p/ capitulo septimo/ ¶ For this passing of thempire/ the greeks though they fail in 'em self/ and strive more with venom than with virtue/ more with craft than with strength of battle/ and of mars that is called god of battle/ yet they have so great envy to the latyns/ that they have withdraw 'em out of the subjection and obedience of the church of Rome/ And therefore when the pope's of Rome charged 'em oft to be obedient and to come again to the unity of holy church/ They used to write again in this manner/ You have withdrawn you from us/ and we withdraw us fro you/ Willelmus de regibus libro primo/ Et de pontificibus libro tercio/ ¶ Bryghtrycus king of westsaxons/ deyde poisoned by the venom of his wyf/ ¶ After him Egbertus the son of Alcmundus the under king that was the son of offa of juees blood and kind reigned seven and thyrtty yere· ¶ Sometime this was chased of bryghtrycus and fled in to france/ and came again and taught what he had learned of chyvalry to his subgettis/ to all the people bond and fire/ he ordained knights delyvere men and strong & swyper/ And made weepen to be born in time of peace/ In a time bernulphus king of mercia scorned his doing/ And he that was idle and full of rest moved him to battle that was usid in deeds of arms/ And bade him sternly that he should do him homage/ then there was between 'em a bataille in summer time at elyndon in the province of hampton/ there was unlike number and array of knights/ for against an honderd of Egbertus knights that were paal/ and lene came a thousand that were rody & fat/ and were sooner stuffed with swote than with blood/ But when the batayle was done/ Egbertus oned the kingdoms of mercia/ of kente and of northumberlond to his kingdom and took chestre upon the brytons/ For the Brytons held chestre unto that time/ thenne he called the lords to guider at wynchestre and was crowned king of all brytayne/ there he ordained and commanded that all the saxons and jutes should be called Angles fro that day forward/ and that brytayne should be called anglia Brytayne containeth englond wales and Scotland/ R/ That year that king bryghtrycus deyde/ as marianus saith/ Ethelmundus king of mercia went out of his own land unto the ford of chymerforde/ and fought against weoftan duke of wylton In that battle the dukes were slain in either side/ and the wylton men had the victory/ But saint alcmundus the martyr the son of king Aluredus of northumberlond come in Ethelmundus side and was slain there/ his body was first buried atte white ambbay and afterward at derby/ in the north church that is builded in his name/ there god showeth for him many tokens and myraales/ and the northumbres comen to him oft a pilgrimage/ Willelmus de/ 2/ li 1/ That year albinus englisshman that hete alcuinus also a cunning man of clergy passed over the see in to France/ and enlumyned that land with light of his teaching/ and ordained there orisons and offyce of mass for feryal days/ And he brought to parys study that the greeks had sometime changed to Rome/ After beda and aldelm this was the wisest man of all Englysshemen that I have red of/ & he was take and left specially with king charles whether it were for cleanness of the land/ or for manhede of the king/ and taught him logyke and sophystrye/ rethoryk and astronomy/ And the king bytoke him saint martyns' abbey at turone to govern by thabbots right/ for the monks there were fallen in to great outrage Therefore a monk see two angels come in to her dortour & slay all the monks of that place/ out take him that see that sight/ at last alcuinus restid at saint paul of cormarik/ there is every day alms d●led for his soul/ four monks meet/ about this time seint gylys thabbot of the nation of greeks was in his flowers/ he come in to the over france by warning of god. & lived first an anchors life by the river of roone/ Also that time paul the deacon of rome was in his flowers/ that discrived the longobardes/ he come out of thabbey of mount cassyn in to france for love of king charles/ ¶ Among the Greeks mychel a mild man was made emperor/ In his third year the son failed in the son rising/ And son there after themperour was sho●ne monk/ And a great pestilence of ruther●n destroyed well nigh all Europa/ and namely brytayne/ The great charles was seek four year in the fevers and deyde the fourth day tofore feverer/ at Aron & is buried there/ Marianus libro secundo/ In his last year the treen bridge of five honderd paas that he had made with cost and travail in ten year over the Ryn at maguncia/ was so brent in three hours that there was not a spoon thereof y seen fleet upon the water/ Many men suppose that this hap fill atte prayer of ryculfus the bishop for manslaughter and robbery/ that was oft by night done upon that bridge/ But other men suppose that it fill by some adventure and none otherwise   

¶ Capitulum 29  
Louis the mild Charles oldest son was Emperor after his father six and twenty year and/ xj months/ In his time bishops and clerks died away barred gyrdels/ and gay blazing clotheses/ Giraldus de pontificibus/ capitulo 17/ This Louis on his first wife hirmengard gate three sons/ lotharius was one of 'em/ he was crowned of pope paschal on an ester day and his father made him king of ytaly and fellow of th'empire/ & he made Louis the second reign in Germania/ & pipinus the third in guyan and in gaskoyn/ on his second wyf Judith the daughter of the duke of bavaria/ he gate charles the balled & gave him burgoyn to govern and to rule/ Will/ de/ r/ li/ 2/ For the father loved most this balled charles and kissed him often in sight of his brethren/ lotharius was wroth & had indignation/ thereof/ therefore he pursued oft his father/ & put him in prison/ Gi● ubi so/ Also this Louis for he was so mild was often diseased both of his own men & of other till he died more wisely/ & rew●lyd the royame more sternly/ Me saith that that happened him for his wyf judytha was to nigh of his kin/ W/ de/ p/ li/ 1/ Therefore when this king had advanced one fredericus to the bisshopriche of Vtrecht in Fryselonde/ and sat by him at meet/ the first day of his ordinance on his right honde be charged the bishop among other things that/ he should have in mind that he was a young Bishop/ Andrea follow the stableness of his antecessours/ and that he should purpose the sooth without acception of persons/ and punish mysdoers/ the bishop answered and said/ Sir thou dost ryghfully by me that comfortest the tenderness of my profession with holy counsel and loore/ B●t I pray that it grieve you not and your mageste though I 〈◊〉 you openly what hath long time walowed in my heart/ whe●●●● is it more honest to atame this fish that is here set first 〈…〉 or at tayll/ The king wist not how fast he had grieved 〈◊〉 self/ but answered hastily and said/ Atte heed the fish shall 〈◊〉 first attamed/ So it is lord emperor quoth the bishop/ that 〈◊〉 faith may first make the seece of thine errors/ that 〈…〉 be not hardy to forsake what they see the suffer & take/ 〈◊〉 forsake thou the unlawful wedlok that thou hast made 〈◊〉 thilk judytha/ This word was heavy to the king/ but 〈…〉 took it aworth/ This word sprung well wide and gladded men o● holy church that heard thereof/ So that a counseyl was made thereof for that deed/ and the wedlok was undo/ And the king 〈◊〉 down himself/ and the woman was closed in an abbaye/ But at last by mildness of the court of Rome/ it was ordained by better counseyl and doom that penance should be set and they should after that time use lawful wedlok/ The emperor forpa●● gladly all wrongs and let the sentence pass/ But the woman hired two knights that slough the foresaid bishop in his ves●ymentis after that he had song his mass/ Gir/ de p/ capitulo/ 〈◊〉 at last this Louis yaf his son charles the balled· that he had gotten on judytha almaigne and Rethyca/ therefore the other three brethren had indignation/ and were wroth and forsook Louis by help of the galls/ & made tholdest son lotharius king/ he prisoned his father Louis by assent of the fourth/ pope gregory & exiled his faders wyf Iudyth●/ & put her son charles the bassed in the castle of prynge/ but son afterward the princes of france delyverden the king and acorded him and his son/ But by counsel of pipinus false men acused falsely the queen Judith and made her a menchon/ but the same year the king had the queen again by help of the pope/ For bernard purged him lawfully of the spousebreche that him was born on honde/ So that none of 'em that accused him/ was hardy against him for to strive/ ¶ After lo the fourth steven was pope three year ¶ After him paschal was pope seven year/ he crowned lotharius/ & made a gathering of monks of grece at Rome in the church of praxede/ Willelmus de Regibus libro primo/ Et de pontificibus libro quarto/ Kenulphus king of mercia deyde/ and his son kenelme a child of seven year old reigned after him After few months by enticing of his sister quendreda kenel me was slain of one heskebertus in a thyk wood/ And he was founden by a pyler of light that stood up from his body in to heaven/ But by a scrowe that was wreton in Englyssh with golden lettres that a Culuer brought and beyde up saint Peter's Auter/ which was red of an Englisshman that was there present ¶ Kenelms death and the place of his death was known at Rome/ R ¶ In that scrowe it was wreton in this manner/ At Clente in co●bache kenelm kynebern lieth under thorn heved by weved/ In englysshe that is now used it is to say/ At Cleut at Cowale under a thorn kenelm lieth hedeles slain by fraud/ Thenne when kenelms body was born to his graveward fro the place that he deyde in/ she that was guilty of his death heard men sing and put out her heed at window/ and for to seece the gladness of the syngars she said the psalm deus laudem bacward/ But I note what wytchecrafte and what ●shrewdnes she would mean/ but she lost both her eyen with running drops of blood/ the blood is yet seen in mind of god's wretch in the sauter book that she held thenne in her honde   

¶ Capitulum 30  
AFter kenelm his eme on his father's side colwulfus reigned in mercia/ but after two year beornulphus the tyrant put him out and reigned in his stead two year/ he was on a time over come at elyndon of Egbertus king of westsaxons as it is said tofore honde/ he moved to a journey against the est angles that had helped egbertus and was slain of 'em/ his successor & his neigh kynnesman ludecan would aveng his death & fought against the eest angles & was slain of 'em also/ & three dukes of his/ After him his neyh kynnesman wyglanns reigned/ xiij/ year/ but Egbertus distourbed him ●●ng time/ After pascal the fourth Eugenius was pope four year/ he sent saint sebastyans' bones to hildewynus abbot of saint denies/ After eugenius valentinus was poor four year/ ¶ In his time the child swy thine was born at Wynchestre that died miracles there after hemstans death After valentinus the fourth gregroy was pope thyrten year ¶ Giral/ d/ p/ ca/ 17/ In this pope's time theodulphus was in his flowers/ that was first abbot of Floryace and thenne Bishop of Orleans/ he was exiled and was in the Cyte of Angeo by assent of king Louis/ when his enemies had falsely accused him/ then it happened on a palmsondaye/ that the king passed therforth and he made and song the verse that bygynneth in this manner Gloria laus tibi sit/ and so forth by the dyte and note of the verse/ the king was moved and delivered him and brought him to his rather grace/ That time rabanus was in his flowers monk and abbot of meldens in Germania a great poet and a great clerk of divinity/ That year the danes spoylled the ylonde of shepeye beside kente/ Therefore king egbertus fought against 'em at carrum/ and was chased/ At Tolouse a damoysel of twelve year old received our lords body on Easter-Day and fasted afterward six months contiunelly to breed and to water/ and abstained there after three year from all manner meet and drink/ And turned ag●yn at last to common living/ Also that time some mysdoers of the Romayns sent to the sultan of babylon that he should come and be lord of ytaly Thenne he come with great multitude and strength and spoylled Rome/ and made a stable of saint Peter's church/ and destroyed Tuscia and secilia/ Atte last at prayer and requiring of pope gregory/ gy of mercia with his longobardies and Louis with his ganlles chased 'em out of the lands and countries/ And they sailed toward affryca and were drowned well nigh every chone/ That year deyde helmstan bishop of wynchestre/ And saint swythyn was bishop after him/ ¶ The danes with great navy londed in a place called cural among the westbritons/ & made confederation with the brytons & went to guider/ & assaylled king egbertus lands/ W/ de/ r/ li/ 2/ Egbertus king of west saxons deyde/ and his son athulphus that hete ethelwulfus reigned after him/ xxij/ year/ This was sometime take to norysshing to helmstan bishop of wynchestre/ & made him subdeacon/ But at last by grant of lo the pope/ he was made king & had a wife osburgan that was his own botelers dought/ & gate on her three noble sons that reigned after the father everich in his time/ He took with him the youngest of his sons aluredus & went to rome/ & dwelled there one year & repaired there nobly the school of saxons/ that was as it is said first ordained by king offa/ But it was brent the last year to fore hon/ Also he saw there outla laws and men that died open penance do their penance in iron bound/ then he purchased of the pope that englysshmen should never after that time out of her country do penance in bonds/ It is said that therefore it was that he granted of every house of his royame every year a penny to saint peter/ & after that time/ he sent every year in/ C/ marc to rome/ an/ C/ to seint Peter's church an C to saint paulus light/ & an honderd to the pope Also he delivered and quytte all the churches of his Royamme of all manner kings tribute/ and offered to god the tenth deal of his catel/ In his coming again fro Rome in the twenty year of his kingdom he spoused judytha/ the daughter of charles the balled/ and brought her with him in to englond/ And for he set her in throne bysyde him against the manner of the kingdom of westsaxons/ his oldest son aroos against him and many other lords/ So that a great deal of the kingdom was take to his oldest son but yet uneath the stryf was ceced/ For among hem it was used that the queen should not have such worship/ And that for wrath of ethelburga king offas daughter/ that had poisoned her husband bryghtrycus/ ¶ R Also his son Aluredus had an evil incurable whom he sent in to yrlond to be heeled of seint modwenna/ that dwelled there/ And therefore when the church of modwenna was destroyed in yrlond she came in to Englond/ And the king yave her land to build two abbeys of maidens One in Ardern at pollyswortham that yet dureth/ There osytha and athea the maidens dwelled with saint edyth king Athulphus sister/ ¶ But modwenna dwelled somewhat of time in the other abbaye of streveshale/ thennes' she went thrryes to Rome/ And she deyde atte last in the ylond andreseye besides burton after that she was closed seven year ¶ That year the danes slough many men in lyndesaye in eest englond and in kente/ ¶ That year deyde wyglaf king of mercia the year of his reign thyrten/ and was buried at Repyndon/ he had gotten wygmundus/ and wygmundus had gotten wistan the martyr/ But after w●glaf bertulphus was king over mercia twelve year/ his son bertsericus slough saint wystan cruelly/  
¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo/   

¶ Sequitur capitulum 31  
When Louis was deed/ his oldest son lotharius that was Emperor fyften year while his father was a live/ and after his father xviij year in the party of ytaly/ that is next to Alpes that hete lotharingia after his name/ as it were lotharius kingdom/ he roos against his two brethren lowes and Charles the balled for the kingdom of guyan. that her brother Pipinus had hold sometime/ Gir/ d/ p/ ¶ And they fought at fo●tanet there lotharyus fled and was chased/ there was so great slaughter in either side that they might no longer withstand her enemies/ the sarasyns in affryca in spain heard thereof/ and arrayed 'em tassaylle the kingdom of Romayns/ son here after Louis the myddel brother deyde/ And charles the balled held th'empire somewhat of time alone/ That year saint Bertilmeus body was translated to beneventan/ ¶ After gregory the second Sergius was pope nine year/ this hete first os porci/ swines mouth/ therefore after his time all pope's changed her names/ and that for three skills/ one is when Cryst cheese his apostles/ he changed her names/ Another is for as they change her names/ so should they change her living/ the thyrdde is for he that is choose to an excellent astate shall not be defowled with a fowl name· That year the body of saint helen Constantins mother that was buried at Rome was brought to the dyocise of Remence of France/ That year the normans came first in to France by the water of Seyne/ ¶ That year bertulphus in a wytsontyde slough wickedly saint wystan/ his body is buried at Rypyndon in the grave of his grauntsir wyglaf/ And in the place there he was slain stood up thyrtty days a clear pyler of light/ After sergius the fifth le● was pope five year/ he amended the churches that the paynims had destroyed in the cyte of Rome/ Also for the men of naples thant fought in the see against the Sarazens/ he made this oryson/ Dens cuius dextera beatum petrum/ and so forth/ And after that he amended saint Peter's church/ he said this oryson/ Deus qui beato petro collatis clambus/ & so forth/ Also this made aluredus his son adoptiws that was the son of ethewulfus king of westsaxons/ And he enoynted aluredus by assent of his father to be king afterward/ that year deyde bertulfus king of mercia/ & burdredus was king after him/ he wedded anon ethelwytha king athulphus daughter/ by help of this adulfus he made subget the brytons of the middel land that is between mercia & the west see/ also this burdredus the xxij year of his regne was put out by the danes/ and went thenne to Rome/ & lived there not full long time atte school of saxons and was buried at saint mary church/ Also that after that the danes had spoylled london & kente/ & chased king bertulphus they were over comen and beaten a down in suthrey at oclea of king ethelwulfus/ That year lotharius themperour forsook the world and was shorn monk in thabbey of prunye/ and deyde there/ For his soul was great stryf between angles and fendes/ So that they that stood by/ saw the body as it were to haled hither & thither/ but monks prayed/ and the fendes were driven aweye/ ¶ Willelmus de regibus libro secundo ¶ This Lotharius had by Ermengarda houwes daughter three sons and left hem after him/ One hete Louis/ to him he bytoke the kingdom of Romayns & of ytaly/ That other hete lotharius/ to him he bytoke the royame of france/ the thyrdde hete charles/ to him he bytoke province/ But charles was son deed/ and Louis and lotharius deled the royamme of province between hem   

¶ Capitulum 32/  
The second Louis as some men tell reigned fyften year/ But marcus tellyth he reigned two and twenty year/ and was crowned of Sergius the pope/ and he had two sons/ lowiss king of norykes that been normans/ And charles the younger that heat grossus akso/ This charles was tormented of a fiend three days in presence of his father/ And knowleched that he was so tormented/ for he had conspired against his father/ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo ¶ In this Louis time johan scot come in to France/ and translated denies books out of grue in to latyn/ at prayer of king charles/ and made the book perefision/ that is the book of the departing of kind/ but there after king aluredus sent for him for he should come in to Englond/ and so he died/ and taught children at malmesbury/ the which children stykked him to death with her poyntels/ that year saint edmund bygan to regne over the eeste Angles/ but he was slain in the fourteenth year Ethelwulfus king of west saxons deyde the thyrtenth day of janiver/ and was buried at wynchestre/ After him his oldest son ethelwaldus reigned but one yere· And that is no wonder/ For when his father was deed/ he wedded his own stepmoder against the law and usage of holy church/ and he was buried at shirburn/ ¶ Marianus After pope lo johan englyssh was pope two year and five months/ Hit is said that johan englysshe was a woman/ and was in yongthe lad with her leman in man's clothing to Atthene/ and learned there diverse sciences/ So that there after she came to Rome/ and had there great men to scholars/ and red there three year/ then she was choose by favour of all men/ And her leman brought her with child/ But for she knew not her time when she should have child/ as she went from saint Peter's to the church of saint johan lateran/ she byganne to travail of child/ And had child between Collosen and saint Clements ¶ Trevisa Collosen was the place of the images of the provinces and lands/ as it is said in the first book/ capitulo/ 24/ Thenne it followeth in the story that she was buried there/ And for the pope turned there out of the weigh/ men suppose that it is for hate of that wonder mishap/ This pope is not reckoned in the book of pope's/ For she was a woman and aught not to be pope/ She was born at magounce in Almayn upon the Ryn/ About that time the king of bulgares and his men turned to Crystes faith and believe/ And was so parfyt that he bytoke his Royamme to his oldest son/ and bytoke himself thabyt of a monk/ But when his son turned to maumetrye/ he turned to chyvalry again & pursued his son/ & took him/ & put out both his eyen and laid him in prisonne/ and closed him there/ & made his younger son king/ and took the holy habit again ¶ After ethelwaldus his brother ethelbertus was king of west saxons five year/ In his time a great host of danes destroyed wynchestre/ and were slain of the kings dukes oer they might return to their ships ¶ After johan the thyrdde Benet was pope four year/ ¶ saint Swythyn Bishop of wynchestre deyde and dunbertus was bishop after him/ Of hem twain been wondres y red ¶ After Benet the first nychol was pope/ viij year/ he was likened to the great gregory/ For in his time Cyrillus thappostle of slaves/ brought saint clements body out of Cersona to Rome/ and laid it in saint Clement's church/ and deyde there after and died many miracles/ ¶ That year Louis king of France would leave his rightful wyf for his leman waldrada that he had to moche loved in his yongthe in his faders house/ ¶ Thenne pope nychol atte instance of the queens brethren that pleyned to him of that deed sent his tresorer Arsenius in to france/ and he made a counceyl of bishops and compellid the king to take his wyf again/ And made him swe●● up on the book/ that he should never take that other woman/ But when the legate of Rome was a go/ the king put away the queen/ and took again waldrada/ therefore in plain consistory the pope cursed waldrada & all that comende with her/ R/ But marianus tellyth this of lotharius and not of Louis Etheldredus the thyrdde brother of birth was king of westsaxons after his two brethren eight year/ In his first year a great navy of danes londed in eest englond/ and say there/ there after at york they were compelled to defend 'em self/ For when the northumbres had do away her king Osbrucus/ as the devil hem radde/ and made a tyrant their king that hete ella/ Atte last for dread of enemies/ they were somdele ceeced/ and went with their either king to fight against the danes/ & compelled 'em to i'll to the cyte of york that was not full well walled/ thenne the northumbres disarrayed 'em self/ and warrayed unwisely/ and were beaten down/ somme in one place and some in another and her kings were slain/ So they that might escape made peace with the danes/ and so failed kings of northumberlond/ That year the danes left northumberlond/ and come in to kingdom of mercia/ and dwelled all a year at snotyngham/ that is now called nothyngham/ there Burdredus king of mercia and the king of westsaxons came against 'em/ But the danes were within the strength of the tower and would yeve no battle/ and englyssh men might not speed to break the wall/ then peace was made/ and the kings turned home ayene/ and the danes went again to york/ and dwelled there all a year/ ¶ After nychol/ the second Adryan was pope two year/ To him the second Louis king of France that was sometime accursed of pope nychol written lettres and prayed him that he would receive him with grace/ The pope written to him in this manner again/ if thou know thyself guiltless/ come to Rome/ And if thou know thyself guilty/ make the ready to do worthy penance/ then the king come/ and the pope asked of him/ if he had held his oath and pope nycholas heestes/ The king and his fautors said/ yes all atte full/ thenne quod the pope/ you must come with us that you be unyed to cristes limbs from the which that you were kit and departed/ & when the mass was y doo/ he hou●cled h●m and said/ if you be guiltless this coming be to you remission and forgiveness and else damp nation Thenne it happened that none of 'em all lived over year But the king was anon taken with a sickness and deyde in the cyte placencia/ there after fill a great pestilence on the people/ After that year the danes destroyed the Cyte Aclint/ and went out of northumberlond to ecstenglond/ and say all a year at tetford/ ¶ That year hunger and hubba two danes slough saint Edmond the king at eglyston Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo ¶ saint edmondes heed say hid among bushes and spoke to 'em that sought him in the country language and seide/ here/ here/ here/ then was a wolf founden that beclypped the kings heed/ and followed meekly the men that came thither/ Willelmus de Regibus Et de pontificibus/ libro secundo/ After the sleynge of the king/ his broder● edwoldus hated the liking of the world for hard fortune took him and his brother And lived an heremytes life only by breed and water atte abbaye of Cern in dorsete by the clear well that saint Austyn by his prayers made spring sometime for to Cristen the people that turned to Crysten believe/ it falls full oft that a gentle heart warned by hard haps and meschyef of this world/ turneth the more busily to god that can not beguile/ nor be beguiled/ The abbaye that was there build was afterward rich enough if they that should govern it deled it to god's servants/ and not to glotons/ But in our time covetise & pride hath so changed all thing in englond that things that were yeve to abbeys in old time been now more wasted in gluttony and outrage of owners/ than in sustenance and help of needy men and of guests/ but certainly the yevers shall not lose her meed/ For her will and her intent is weighed in god's balance/   

¶ Capitulum 33  
THe thyrdde Louis reigned in France after his father the second Louis four year ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro second ¶ This year the host of danes left East englond and come with their duke's hunger and hubba/ toward reding in westsaxons/ there the third day after their coming the two dukes of danes went out for to take prays and were slain at engelfeld/ there after the fourth day the two brethren kings of westsaxons met to guider and made a great slaughter of the danes. Atte last the danes broke out of the tower & slough Ethelwulfus duke of barrokshyre/ and compelled thenglysshmenEnglishmen to wend a back/ For that shame Englysshmen were moved and arrayed a battle the fourth day there after upon Asshdoun/ There Aluredus was drive for great need to come to the battle to fore his brother the king that heard a mass that time/ The which kings prayers to god that day was moche worth/ For though the danes had taken the hither place of the hill/ Crysten men come from the foot of the hill upward against hem/ and slough osryk king of danes and five of his dukes/ and many thousands of enemies/ and chased the other all a day unto Reding/ But the fourteenth day after at basin the danes yaf a battle/ and again two months there after at merton and had the victory/ In the mean time the kings of mercia/ of northumberlond and of eest angles had no will to suffer the lordship of westsaxons/ therefore hem was liefer sustain the enemies and favour 'em in the siege than help her own country men that travailed for the land/ Therefore it was that the enemies increased and had the maystrye/ and men of the land were over come/ and bore down and made doole and sorrow/ the next year there after// After many batayls etheldredus king of westsaxons deydr eight days tofore may and was buried at Wynburn/ ¶ After Adryan the eygth johan was pope twelve year/ ¶ In a time this dwelled with Louis balbus king of France all a year/ and was prysoned of the Romayns/ for he would not favour charles Also this pope gave to ansegysus bishop of Senons the great gregoryes heed & pope leos Armefor to do 'em in his church/ In the time of this pope/ the fifth Synod of Constantinople was made of three honderd/ lxxiij/ bishops/ Also in his time Sarasyns pryked in ytaly/ and destroyed saint benets abbey in mount cassyn thenne the second time   
¶ Explicit liber quintus/   

¶ Incipit Liber sextus  

¶ Capitulum primum/  
ALuredus the fourth brother of birth/ was ever held behind while his brethren reigned/ But he had after hem the hoole kingdom of westsaxons nine and twenty year/ And ruled it nobly/ but with great travail  
Here take heed of his beginning of his forth going/ and of his last end/ For Aluredus was fair of shape/ and more loved of father and mother than his other brethren/ and dwelled in his father's court to the year of his age twelve/ and was not yet lettred/ yet after that the child learned right we'll/ and held saxon poesy in mind/ He passed other men in craft of hunting/ and was a subtle master of building and of other works/ he gathered psalms and orisons to guider in a little book/ and called the book manuel that is an hand book/ he had that book with him alway/ He was but a simple Gramaryon/ for that time was not one techer of grammar in all his kingdom/ Therefore by counseyl of neotus the abbott/ whom he visited right oft/ he was the first that ordained common school at oxenford of divers arts and seyences/ and procured freedom and privileges in many articles to that Cyte/ he suffered noman to take degree or ordre/ to what manner dignity of holy church/ but he were well lettred/ he turned the best laws in to englyssh tongue/ Atte last he adventured him to translate the sawter in to Englysshe/ But he translated uneath the first part before his death/ when he come to age and would stable his heart and his thought in gods heestes/ the lechery of his flesh grieved him and let him of●e time/ therefore to put away temptation of fleshly liking/ he went and visited often temples of holy saints erly and late/ and at cokkes crowing and prayed god that he would chastise his flesh with such a sickness that he should not be unprofitable to worldly deeds/ and that he might the more freely serve god almighty/ At god's ordinance he had many year the evil called Fycus ¶ at lastehe was out of hoop to be heeled and went in to Cornewayle to to saint suerons church/ there saint neotus rests/ owther for to ceese owther for to change it ¶ R But some men say that saint modwenna/ the yrysshe maid healed him of that evil/ Atte last when he had his will/ a worse evil took him in his wedded time/ and grieved him well more from his twenty year/ to his five and forty year/ his queen ethelswyda bore him/ ij/ sons/ Edward the elder/ and egelward/ And three daughters Elfleda lady of mercia/ ethelgota a menchon and elf●yda and he made 'em all learn grammar and other free arts and sciences/ Than aluredus yever of alms herer of masses/ sought busily loore of art & of craftees that he knew not & sent after saint gyrmbald the monk a cunning man of letture & of song and prayed him to come to him out of france in to englond/ Also he sent for johan monk of saint david abbaye in mevenia to come to him out of wales to teach him clergy/ he exyted and comforted the lords of his land to learn letture amnd clergy/ so that they should set their children to school/ and if they had no children/ they should grant her bond men freedom/ and set hem to school/ if they had good wit and were able to learn/ he inquired and espied busily the doing and deeds of his officers and servants/ and namely of jugges and of domesmen/ And if he might understand that they erred or died amiss/ whether it were for unconning or for covetise/ he put them out of offyce/ ¶ Also he made Werfredus Bishop of worsetre translate in to Saxon speech gregoryes books dyalogus Will/ de Regibus libro primo/ He departed in three all that he might spend/ and yet he departed the first part in three/ For the twey parties of the kings ministers were at home for to ordain for homely things/ In the thyrdde month every party and company of his howsholde should serve before him/ he assigned the second part of this first part to divers werkmen that gathered out of every side/ The third pa●te he deled to comers and strangers/ Than the second chief part of that he might spend/ he departed in four/ The first part thereof he gave to power men/ and needy/ the second● to founding of abbeys/ the third to scholars of oxenford that were gathered and should be gathered there/ & the fourth part to amending of churches/ and for he would weigh his own life a right he departed in three the four and twenty hours of the day and night/ and spend eight thereof in writing and reding and bidding of beads/ eight about his bodily needs/ & eight about needs of the kingdom/ And to depart these hours redyly/ h● set a candle in his chapel of four and twenty parties & should be warned by them that were ordained therefore/ as oft as any of thilk four and twenty were spent/ After the month of his kingdom he fought with the danes at wylnton with great harm of both the hosts/ For englissmen were destroyed with eight batayllis in one year and were moche feebled/ therefore engli●shm●n made that year peace with the danes on the conevaunt/ that they should wend from 'em/ and so they died/ for that year they dwellid at london/ and the next year after at lindesaye/ And the merces made peace with the danes also at that time/ but in the third year the danes broke the peace/ and went out of lind●seye to R●●yndon Charles the elder the third lowes brother took the weigh to Rome when his brother was deed/ and was crowned Emperor of pope johan and reigned two year/ For whiles he ordained at papye for the comune prouffyt of the Empire/ he heard of the coming of charlemagne/ that was his own broders son And his heart byganne to fall for dread/ and went toward France/ and deide among the great hills/ called the Alpes/ After him his son Louis balbus reigned two year/ After him Charles the younger that was called grossus/ that is great/ the son of the third Louis reigned ten year/ That year the danes left lindeseye and came to Rependon/ there they put out burdredus king of mercia/ and bitoke the kingdom to one Colwulfus/ that was Burdredus servant upon such a condition/ that they should have the kingdom ayene when they would/ But after three year they departed some of the kingdom between 'em/ & some they left to colwulfus/ and this Colwulfus was the last king of mercia/ ¶ After his death Aluredus joined london first/ & Colwulfus part to his own kingdom/ Also that year the danes came oft to Rependon/ and the men of hamburgh that is five mile fro Rependon were wonder sore afeard and took the body of saint werburgh the maid that had long time ley buried there/ & was alway hool & sound/ unto that time & translated her to chestre as to a sicker place/ ¶ Also that year king Aluredus made peace with the danes and they slough the kings horsemen all in one night ¶ Therefore the king was moved and chased 'em unto chestre/ And the danes delivered and gave eft pledges and dwelled a year there/ ¶ Henricus libro quinto/ That year Rollo the dane came first in to normandye and reigned there forty year/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro/ 2/ First one hastynges and than Rollo noricus/ that is a dane that had no country of his own/ but by hest of the king/ he ●xyted mysdo●●s that coneyted other men's gods and catayls and brought 'em in great hoop of great winning and led 'em with him and warrayed on land and on see from brittyssh ocean unto the see called mare tirenum/ that is the see that stretcheth to ytaly/ thenne he come to Carnotum/ there the Cy●eseyns trust not on her walls nowther on her strength/ but they took our lady smock that charles the balled had brought with other relics out of constantinople and set the smock upon a pynacle/ as it were a banner/ the enemies scorned the smock/ and's hotten there at & were smitten with blindness/ but Roll escaped and occupied Rothomage the year of our lord eight honderd/ lxxvij/ that was one year before the death of charles the balled/ his son Louis overcome the normans but he put 'em not oute· And Charles simplex otherwise called Grossus/ this Louis brother and nephew to charles the balled was often overset in batayllis with Rollo/ and took counseyl atte last/ and acorded with Rollo· so that he should be cristened and knowledge that he held n●omādye & Armorica/ that is little britain of the king of France as of the chief lord/ when that was do men that stood by counseylled rollo that he should kiss the kings feet that yafe him such a yefte/ But he had indignation & was to proud to fall down on his knees/ but took up the kings foot to his mouth so that he threw the king upright/ For that hap normans began to laugh & the frensshmen wax right wroth/ Rollo excused him of that boisterous deed/ & alleged the manere and usage of his country then Rollo went ayene to Rotomage/ & ordained for his cattles and things/ & deyde son thereafter/   

¶ Capitulum secundum/  
Louis balbus reigned in France two year/ In his first year the danes sailed from warham toward ●xcestre/ and lost ●●x score ships in a tempest of the see/ But some of the danes occupied the Royal Cyte Chypenham and the country about/ and chased away many englysshemen/ owther made them subgette/ In the meschyef of that time king aluredus with few men led uncertain and unnesy life in the wood countries of Somersete/ For he had right naught to live by/ but what he might win by prays/ owther with hunting/ owther with fyss●yng●/ ¶ On a time while his fellows were a fysshing/ and he comforted his uncertain and unstidfast life with comfort of ●okes/ ¶ A pylgrym came to him and axed alms in god's name/ The king life up his hands to heaven and said I thank god that visited his poor man this day/ by a poor man That he will vouchsauf this day to ask of me that he hath yeven me/ and restore again with increase/ that he axeth of me/ Anon the king called his servant that had but one looff and little what of wine/ and had him yeve the half thereof/ to the poor man/ The poor man thanked him and vanished suddenly away/ and no step was seen of his going in the nesshe more/ ¶ And also all that was yeven him/ was founden hoole an● sound/ And they that were a ffysshing brought great plenty of ffysshe/ ¶ Thenne when the king was sleeping/ one appeared to him in a Bishops wede/ and charged him that he should love god/ and keep ryghtwysenesse and be merciable against poor men/ and worship's preestes/ And said moor to/ mine Aluredus Cryst knoweth thy conscience/ and thy will and putteth an end of thy sorrow and care for to morrow strong helpers shall be with thee/ By help of 'em thou shalt overcome thine enemies/ who art thou said the king/ I am Cutberth said he/ thy pylgrym that yisterdaye was here with thee/ to whom thou gave breed and win/ I am busy for the and for thine/ have mind hereof/ when it is we'll with thee/ But how he made mind of his pylgrym by the freedom and possession of the church of durham/ it is now seen/ Willelmus de regibus libro/ 2  
¶ Than Aluredus came out of prysonne/ and put him to a peril of great fraud and gyle/ For he went in to the king of Danes pavylons and tents/ in myustralles weed/ and espied all that he would/ and come again to etheling and declared to his fellow the slewthe of his enemies/ ¶ Thenne be fill suddenly on his enemies/ and slough moo of 'em than me would trow/ For the day after came to him the men of wyl●shir/ of So merse●te/ and of Hampshyre/ ¶ By help of 'em/ he build a tower at Ethling/ that is to say in Englysshe that now is used the ylelande of noble men/ Out of that tower ●e ●eesed oft his enemies and overcome hem/ and namely besides Selwode that is a great wood in Englysshe that now is used/ So that he received hostages and pledgiss the best that he wold● ch●ese/ And Guttrun king of Danes was Crysten●d/ and twenty of the greatest that were with him ¶ the which king Alfredus received of the cold water/ and gave him a name/ and called him Adelstan/ Therefore to king Guttrun that we call Gurmundus were yeven the provinces of Eest Angles/ and of northumberlonde for to dwell in/ But for the blue man changeth not lightly his skin/ This Guttrun destroyed the lands with tyranny// and with pride eleven year/ and dyede the twellyfth year/ ¶ The other Danies that would not be Crysten went in to France/ That place that hete Ethling or Ethelyngeseye is not an Ilelande of the see/ but it standeth in water marreys and moors/ so that me may not come there to but by ship owther by boot/ ¶ The place containeth uneath the space of twey days journey of earth in breed/ and yet there been wild beestes/ and venison/ ¶ Charles the younger otherwise called Grossus/ that is great was the thyrdde Louis son/ and reigned in France after his came Louis balbus/ ten year/ he went out of Almaigne and occupied ytaly five days and came to Rome and was sacred emperor of pope jahan/ In his time byganne the Erldomme of Flaundries/ For that time Flaundries was not of great name/ but it was ruled by the kings Forsters of France/  
Also this Charles put fro him his wyf/ for it seemed that she was to prive with the bishop of Versell/ ¶ Therefore the king of France knowleched openly that he himself had never leyne by her flessbely/ And she was glad of her maydenhode/ and and went in to an Abbaye when she was forsaken/ Atte last/ the tenth year of his kingdom/ this Charles went out of France in to ytaly/ and was poisoned of a jew called Sedechias/ and died atte hills Alpes/ ¶ Ranulphus ¶ It seemeth that this is that Charles that married his daughter Gilla that he had by his rather wyf/ to duke Rollo/ and granted with her the ducheryes of normandye and of little Brytayne  
¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro secundo/  
Also that year dyede Du●bertus Bishop of Wynchestre/ And king Aluredus made Dunewolfus Bishop in his stead/ that be found in the wood in his hiding time kepyng● beestes/ But when he knew his good will after g●e●t● age/ he put him to school to learn lettrure/ and clergy/ That year the king aluredus amended the cyte of Septon/ that is shaftesbury/ as a greet stone wytnessyth/ that there in the Chapytre house of nuns lieth above earth ¶ After johan/ Martin was pope one year/ He released to the Scole of Saxons all manner tribute atte prayer of king Aluredus/ ¶ Also he senate to Aluredus a great part of the holy cross/ After marty● agapitus was pope one year/ the which year the danes came ou●● of France/ and besyeged Rochestre/ and build a tower ayenst● the yates of the city/ But the Cyteseyns defended the Cyte til● that Aluredus come and took all the horses of Danes/ and compelled 'em to flee/ Thenne the danes went in to France ayene/ and the king sent his navy full of men of arms out of kente in to Eest englond/ and took sixten ships of danes/ But in the coming again the kings navy was ouercome●/ ¶ Trevisa/ ¶ Eeste Engelonde/ containeth Norfolk/ and Southfolke/ Looke more hereof in the first book capitulo iji/ ¶ It followeth in the story/ that year the danes rowed in the water of Seyne and besyeged parys a year all hoole/ That year Aluredus reparayled london/ and bytoke it to the keeping of Etheldredus earl of mercia/ ¶ Than the Englysshmen that were disparpled yaf hem self to the king Aluredus/  
¶ That time the king sent his alms to Rome and to Ind and build twey abbeys one of men at Ethelyngesley and another of women at Shaftesbury and made his daughter Etholgof Abbes there/ After Agapytus/ the thyrdde Adryan● was pope one year/ After him Basilius' one year/ After him Stephen six year/   

¶ Capitulum 3/  
Charles' Grossus was poysonned of a jew as it is said bifore/ and waxed strongly seek/ Therefore Arnulphus the son of his brother Charlemagne was choose king/ But when Charles was deed/ were ordained five kings/ But the Empire lest with Arnulphus/ and he was crowned atte last of Formosus the pope/ and he bete down the normans & the danes that had werrid in france xl/ year/ Aatte last he was hard held with a strong sickness/ and might not be healed ne saved with no manner medicine/ that he was destroyed and eten with lyse right to the death/ Franco Archebisshop of Rothomage Crystened Rollo/ And king Guttrun is deed  
¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo ¶ For rese of normans and of the danes/ saint ma●tyus body was translate from Turon to saint Germayns church at Altissiodor/ and many were there miracles done/ And the monks of Turon and of Altissiodore pleted for thoffering/ And for the saint should dame whether of 'em had right of thoffering/ they brought forth a leper that was healed in that one side of his body/ that was to ward saint Martin/ and the other part of his body left foul and not healed/ ¶ Than for me should ween that that was happily byfalle/ they turned the other foul side toward saint Martin/ and anon it was healed also/  
Than the monks of Turon had at the offering till the were was seeced and than they had her own saint hoome again to her own house/ ¶ This befell not in this manner/ for no power of saint German/ but he spared & died his gheste reverence in his own house/ ¶ Henricus libro quinto/ That year came four hosts of danes against Aluredus/ one in northummberlonde/ another in Eestenglonde that containeth Norfolk/ and southfolk/ the thyrdde at Excestre/ the fourth at Chestre/ but at chestre the danes were so besyeged/ that they eat her horses for hunger/ ¶ Three scottysmen dusblay mahbon/ and malmmyn desired to lede pylgryms life and took with hem livelihood for one week/ and took Akarabum/ that is a ●oote made but of twey huydes and an half and went therinne wonderly without sail without rother and oore/ and all manner tacle of  
Shipcraft and came on land at Cornewayle after seven days/ and come to king Aluredus/ ¶ After steven formosus was pope five year/ Sometime for dread of pope johan/ he left his bisshopryche of portune/ but for when he was called/ he would not come again/ he was cursed/ Atte last he come to the pope johan/ and was degraded unto the state of a lewd man/ Also he was made swear that he should never turn ayene to hi● bisshopryche nowther come in to the cyte of Rome/ But at last he was restored again by pope Martin that was pope johannis successor/ ¶ Plegmundus Archebisshop of Caunterbury that was a noble man of clergy received the pall of formosus/ the pope/ and ordained seven Bishops to churches of englond in one day/ ¶ That year king Aluredus chased the danes furste out of Kente/ of excestre/ and of Chichestre/  
Henricus libro quinto/ ¶ The danes that were at Chestre were besyeged three days/ And were compelled by hunger to leave the Cyte/ Than they spoylled North-wales/ and went so about by Northumberlonde in to Eest England/ there her wives and their Ships were/ They entered in to the river luys/ and build a castle there fast by/ But the Londoners by help of the king destroyed that castle/ and departed that river in three channels or streams/ So that Danes might not bring out their Ships/ and dwelled atte bridge upon Seua●n fast by wales/ and build there a strong castle/ And so these three year/ Englond was hard bysette with three manere of sorrow/ with war of the Danes/ Moreyve of men/ and pestilence of beestes/ ¶ After Formosus Bonefas was pope fyften days/ ¶ After him the sixth steven one year and three months/ then after he left the papacy/ and was made monk/ This was sometime made Bishop of Angum by Pope Formosus/ But afterward when he was pope he pursued so Formosus that not only he withsayde his doing and his deeds/ But also he let take up Formosus/ when he was deed/ out of the earth/ and made men bring him in to the plain Consistorye clothed as a pope/ And than he made men unclothe him/ and take of him that manner clothing/ and cloth him as a lewd man/ and kytte of twey fyngars of his right honde and cast him in to Tiber/ ¶ After this Steven Romanus was pope four months/ Louis Arnulphus son reigned in France twelve year/ But he had never the Crown of the Empire/ And in him was the end of the Empire▪/ touching Charles offspring/? In his time were five Popes Theodorus/ johan/ Benette/ Leo/ and Crystofor/ Of hem Theodorus the second/ though he were Pope/ but one month/ yet he aroos against pope Steuens doing/ and wi●hsayd his deeds/ and confirmed the deeds of Pope Fromosus/ The ninth johan was pope two year/ he made a counsel at Ravenna/ and dampened pope stevenes deeds and fought against the Romayns Willelmus de re/ libro secundo/ This year died king Aluredus and was first buried in the cathedral church at wynchestre/ but for the madness and raving of the canons that said/ that spyryts of kings taken the careyn/ and walk about by night from house to house/ His son Edward took the father's body and died it in the new Abbaye/ This and such other lewd tales Englysshmen held by a mysbyleve that hath full long dured/ and borrowed it of misbelieved men/ ¶ That they trow not that after a man's death the body walketh and goth about by meaning of the fiend/ ¶ Thereof spekyth Vyrgyl/ and said/ when death cometh what seeming shappes fleeth about/ Ranulphus/ ¶ In praising of this king Henricus libro primo writeth versus in this manner/ Kindly noblesse/ of goodness/ yeveth to the worship/ And goodness travail/ mighty werryour Aluredus/ And travail name/ to the without any end/ joy with woe meddled/ he had in every time/ Alweye thine hoop was meddled with greet dread/ Though he were now down/ he arrayed battle a morrow/ if he were vyctor/ he dread the battle a morrow/ After travail of life/ of regning both/ His very rest/ be with Cryste without end/ ¶ Marianus libro secundo/   

¶ Capitulum 4/  
EDward the elder by his surname reigned after his father four and twenty year/ he was lower than his father in worshiy of lettrure and higher than he in worldly joy/ and worship/ For he build new cities/ & repaired cities that were apayred/ And spradde the ends of his kingdom wider than died his father/ He made the kings of Scots of Cumbres and of walsshmen to yield 'em to him/ He wan Essex/ Northumberlonde and mercia with strength out of the hands of the danes/ & had all mercia after the death of his sister Elfleda/ ¶ On his first wyf Egwyna he gate his oldest son Edelstan/ On. queen Edgyna he gate Edredus and Edwynus and seven daughters/ he married one of 'em to Otho the Emperor/ and another to Charles/ king of west France/ and the thyrdde to Sythyrycus duke of northumberlond  
¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo/ On his third wyf Ethelswyda/ he bygate Edmonde/ and Edrede/ Either of hem reigned after her brother ethelstan/ he bygate also two daughters/ saint Edburgh that was sacred· to God/ and restyth at wynchestre/ ¶ And Edgyna the fair that was married to Louis king of guyan/ ¶ Also this made his sons learn lettrure/ and he made his daughters first learn lettrure/ And after that he made 'em use the nylde and the dystaf/ Willelmus de pontificibus libro secundo/ Of this maid Edburga it is red/ that when she was three year old/ her father would wit & essay whether she would turn to God/ owther to the world/ and laid in that one side of his chambre many ●ay● Jewels and divers and greet riches/ And on that other side chalice and gospels/ Than in another place he p●tt besauntes broaches and rings/ than the noryce brought forth the child And the child was boden cheese/ and take what she would/ and she crept on honde and on foot/ and took the gospel/ Than the father kissed the child/ and said go thither as god clepe●● the/ sew him with a gracious foot that leadeth the And so there after she was made nun/ kings blood never made her torn aweywarde/ But she would take the shoes of her sustres privily bx night and wash hem/ and smere hem/ and bring 'em privily again/ that sygnefyed meekness/  
After johan the fourth Benette was pope three year. Also that year saint Gyrmbald the Confessor that was king Aluredus techer died at wynchestre/ ¶ That year plegmundus the Archebisshop of the Cyte of dorob●rnia/ that is Caunterbury/ ordained seven bishops to the churches of England/ five to the land of guyseyes/ that be westsaxons/ one at wynchestre/ one at Cornewayle/ one at Shirburn/ one at wells/ one at kyrton/ Also among the South-Saxons one/ And in mercia one at Dorkyngam that is Dorchestre besides Oxenford./  
For formosus the pope had yeven his course to king Edward and to Englysshmen by cause of scarsete of Bishops in her land that had be bisshoples' seven year together/  
That year breed failed in Irlonde/ For worms that were twey tothed/ and like to wonts fill down fro heaven/ and eat the breed corn/ But the worms were done aweye by praying and fasting/. ¶ Clyto Ethelwoldus king Edward'S ●ames son/ roo● or rebelled against the king and occupied the cyte of wynburn besides bath and said that he would have the maystrye owther die there/ But he ravished & took with him a nun of thabbey of wynburn & went thence to the danes of northumberlond & prayed 'em of help/ But the king pursued him so strongly that he forsook Englond/ and fled in to France/ But the king brought with him the nun again/ and restored her to her abbey/ ¶ But the same year Ethelwulfus come again with ships in great array/ & took with him the danes that dwelled in eeste englond and assailed and destroyed all that he might find unto Crekanford/ that is cryklade/ then he passed temse/ and spoylled and rob the land Bradenestok/ and so he went ayene to eestenglond/ that containeth northfolk/ and southfolk/ as it is said before oft time The king followed after and destroyed and spoylled the land of his enemies from the river ous to the bounds of saint edmundes land/ And bad his men that none of hem should abide behind/ but the kentysshmen forgendered the kings heest/ and abode there/ and were slain nigh all of the danes/ many were slain on either side/ ¶ But clyto ethelwoldus was slain among his enemies/ than the danes saw that king Edward might not be overcome and made peace with him/ After bene● he fifth lo was pope twey months/ For his priest crystofor prysonned him and took the papasye so/ by mastery/ but he was cast out after the fourth month/ the fourth Sergius put out crystofor/ and was pope there after seven year/ Sometime he was deacon cardynal/ and replenished of Formosus the pope/ and went to Frensshmen/ by help of 'em he prisoned crystofer that gate th● poperyche/ and held it by strength/ and than he himself occupied the poperyche/ & in wretch of his putting/ he made men take up Formosus the pope out of his grave/ and smite of his heed/ & threw the body in to Tiber/ But at last fysshers found the body and brought it to saint Peter's church & the images of holy saints did that body great reverence and worship in his coming That year the cyte Caerleon that is legec●stria that now is called chestre/ after that it was destroyed by the danes/ it was restored again by help of etheldredus duke of mercia and of his wyf e●fleda/ that cyte than was closed about with new walls/ and made nigh such two as it was before ¶ So that the castle was sometime by the water/ without the walls is now in the toun within the walls/ Ranulphus/ King edward build a castle at herford/ That time was thabbey of cluny founded of wyliam the mild prince of burgoyn/ the first abbot of that place was saint odo the second mayclus/ Wi/ de p/ li/ 4/ saith that first the monks of that place were rich in the world/ & and of clear religion in god/ That time etheldredus duke of mercia/ & his wyf elfleda translated the bones of saint oswald the king from bardeny to gloucestre/ there they build an abbey in worship of saint peter   

¶ Capitulum quintum  
COnradus after Louis was made prince among the almayns/ But for he was not emperor in ytaly/ he is not reckoned among emperors/ ne he is not enhanced with sacring & blessings/ but he reigned seven year/ In this year bygan th'empire to pass from frensshmen to the Almayns/ For Louis predecessor of this might not defend the Romans against the Longobardes/ th'empire passed from the Frensshmen/ And so were twey emperors/ one in Almaigne and another in ytaly/ unto the first otho that was Emperor of both/ That year in the province of stafford at toten hale the Englysshmen overcome the danes and afterward at wodenysfelde/ king edward slough of the danes twey kings/ twey earls/ and many thousands of danes of northumberlond/ Etheldredus duke & leder under king of mercia deyde/ & his wyf elfleda king Edwardes sister regn●d nobly long time in all mercia/ out take london and oxenford/ the which the king held to him selfward/ she build many cities & towns and amended many one/ that be brymmesbury bridge upon Severn/ thomworth besides lychefelde/ stafford/ warwick sheresbury/ watrisbury/ Edysbury in the forest beside Chestre/ that now is all destroyed/ Also she build a Cyte with a Castel in the north ends of mercia upon the river merce that than was named Runcofan/ But now it is called Runcorn/ Willelmus de regibus libro secundo ¶ This strong vyrago Elfleda favour of cyteseyn● and dread of enemies halpe moche the king/ her brother in yeving of counseyl and building of cities/ when she had once assayed the woe and the sorrow only of one child/ that she bore/ she hated the enbracing of a man after for evermore/ And took witness of god and said/ that it was not seemly to a kings daughter to use fleshly liking where such sorrow should come after/ The ●er thieves of danes that went out of englond in to France about nynten year before/ come again in to Englond/ and sailed about Cornewayle and come in to Severn see/ and took prays/ and teke a bryttyssh bishop in Irchenfelde/ the which Bishop king edward raunsoned for forty pound/ and chased the enemies in to yrlond/ and made a castle at mouth of the water of avene and other Castles at Bokyngham in either side of the river ouse/ and made subget the danes that dwelled at betford and at northhampton and her king Turketillus/ Anastasius was pope two year/ After him lando was pope fine months/ ¶ That year the hungaryes that be by the river of danubins/ destroyed ytaly/ The tenth johan was pope fourten year/ This was pope Sergius son and Bishop of Raven/ By his help Albericus the markys put the savasyns out of ytalye/ Atte last fell stryf and discord between hem & the pope put the markys out of the cyte/ therefore he was wroth & brought the hungaryes that had destroyed ytalye/ therefore the marks was ●slayn but the pope was straungled of the marks knights/ That year deyde Rollo the first duke of normandye after the fourteenth year of his duchery/ his son wiliam longa spata was duke after him five & twenty year/ Elfleda queen of mercia took prays in the land of brytons at brechnok/ and took the kings wife of wales and renewed legecestre that is chestre/ king edward build the cities of Toucetre and of wygmore and destroyed the castle that the danes had made at Temesforde/ Elfleda took the cyte of derby upon the dan●s/ her four mynystres were slain/ Harry the son of duke Otho of saxon reigned eyght●n year over the almayns/ but not in ytaly/ & therefore he is not accounted among the emperors/ this overcome the hungaryes and turned to the faith the duke of normandy/ wiliam longa spata/ longa spata is a long sword in englysshe/ ¶ Will/ de Regibus libro secundo/ That year deyde elfleda eygten days before julij/ five year before the death of her brother king edward/ And she was buried in gloucestre in saint Peter's church that she & her husband had build upon king oswaldes bones/ that they had brought thither from bardeny/ But the danes destroyed that church/ and aldredus bishop both of york and of worcestre reparayled another that is now the chief abbey of the cyte/ king Edward took the power of mercia from elswyna the daughter of Elfleda/ and led her with him in to westsaxon R ¶ In praising of this elfleda/ Henricu● libro quinto/ O Elflede mighty oh maid men's dread/ vyctryce of kind weal worthy the name of a man And the weal brighter/ now kind hath made a maid/ goodness hath the maid to have the name of a man/ kind teacheth the to change nothing but the name/ mighty king and queen victories to array/ Caesar's triumphs were not so moche worthy/ Nobler than Cesar/ maid vyrago Far we'll/ when king Edward heard the death of his sister/ he made subget to him thom worth and snotyngham that now is nothyngham/ there he byld a new cyte in the south side right against the old cyte/ and set a brygge upon trent between the twey cyte●s/ theridamas after in the same year twey kings yield 'em freely to hym·s/ that were the kings of Scotlonde/ of danes/ and of wales/ That year king Edward build a cyte at thylwal/ that is in the north ends of mers●a by the water of mersee/ & there he set keeping of knights/ Than he passed the water of mersee/ and restored the Cyte of manchestre/ that is in the south ends of northumberlond/ king Edward died at faryndon twelve mile by west oxenford and was buried at wynchestre in the new abbey/   

¶ Capitulum sextum  
EDelstan king Edward'S oldest son was made king at kyngeston besides london in southrey/ ●e reigned sixten year In his first year the noble child dunstan was born in the coutreye of glastenbury/ All his life to his ending day he shone by virtues and by miracles/ Alfredus/ King Edelstan married his sister to sithricus king of the danes of northumberlonde/ Sythrycus died son after/ and the king put out Sythrycus son/ and joined that kingdom to his own/ Than by battle he made subgett ho●lus king of brytons/ and Constantyn king o● the Scots and received h●m when they were yolden/ King Ethelstan made this Constantyn king of Scotlond/ Than Constantyn said/ It is more worship to make a king/ than to be a king/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo/ Also king ethelstan married his other sister to Otho the Emperor and received of him horses and other precious stones/ & a manner vessel of stone called Onychynus/ that was clear & bright/ and letted not the passing of light/ nowther of sight and it was made subtilely by graving craft that it seemed verily that corn growing therynne waved hyder and thither/ as long corn doth in fields/ and that wines bourgened/ and images of men meoved/ Also he received of him the great Constantynes sword/ In that sword the owner's name was red in lettres of gold/ in the hylte thereof in great plates of gold was stykked on of the four iron nails that cryst was nailed with to the rood/ he received of him the great charles spear/ ever when Charles shaken that spear/ he had the maystrye/ Me saith that spear opened Crystes own side/ and saint moris banner/ that banner Charles used against the Sarazens/ Also he received a part of the holy cross and some of the thorned crown/ King ethelstan ordained some of the relics to the abbey of malmesbury/ Marinell/ The sixth lo was pope four year &/ seven/ months/ Odo is made bishop of wylton/ Willelmus de pontificibus libro secundo/ Frystan Bishop of wynchestre deyde/ and Birstan was Bishop after him/ Of this Byrstan it is red that he sang as it were every day for all Crysten souls/ Than he went on a night about a church yerde and said psalms for all crysten souls/ and when he had all said he said Requiescant in pace/ And he heard a voys of a great host answer/ out of graves/ and said Amen/ Odo Bishop of wynchestre is made archebisshop of Dorobernia that is Caunterbury. Than Steven was pope seven year/ Odo Bishop of wynchestre is deed/ After him elphegus the balled was bishop of wynchestre/ that man was a prophet and nigh of saint dunstans kin/ Willel/ de pontificibus libro secundo/ On asshe wonesdaye as the manner is/ he put 'em that should do open penance out of church/ and charged other men that they should in thilk days fast/ and be chaste and spare liking of their wives/ Among hem all one spoke and said/ Sir I may not at this time leave both my feast and my wyf/ But the wyf that I have put away for the time/ I shall son take her again/ Wretch said the bishop thou makest me soory thou knowest not what is for the ordained against the morewe/ Than on the morn he was founden deed in his bed/ also on a time this ethelphegus made three monks preestes dunstan Ethelwold and ethelstan/ And when the service was done/ he spoke to hem and said/ This day before god I have set mine hand upon three men/ twain of hem shall be bishops/ but the third shall make a wretched end/ Than ethelstan was the more homely by cause of kynrade and spoke and said/ Shall I be a bishop thou shalt have no part in this order said elphegus/ nowther thou shall bear long this clothing/ ¶ For Constantyn king of Scots had broken covenant/ King ethelstan arrayed him toward Scotland and inthe weigh he went on pilgrimage to saint johan of Beverley/ and laid his knyf to wed upon saint johans' auter/ and said if he come again with the victory be should raunsonne his knyf with a worthy pries After the victory when he come again/ he prayed god that he would through the prayer of seint johan of Beverley show some open token/ by which token they that be and shall be may know that the Scots by right should be subget to englisshmen/ then the king with his sword smote on a great stone fast by the Castel of dunbar/ In that stone yet to this day is seen of that stroke a chin of an elne long/ Than the king came again and raunsonned his kynf with worthy doing/ the eleventh johan was pope one year/ After him the seventh lo was pope three year and six months Louis the son of charles the simple and of king Edward'S daughter reigned in France after his father in westfraunce nynten year/ ¶ Willelmus de r/ libro secundo/ ¶ He was on a time pursued of one Isenbardus/ and axed help of the lords of his land/ & they yaf him none answer/ Than Hugh a simple knight of earl Robberts of mount desire/ took wilfully the battle for his lord & slough him withynne lists that would needs fight therefore son after when the king was feeble/ he made this hugh his heir/ and so ceesed the offspring of charles/ owther for his wyf was barren/ owther for he lyvede but a short time/ than this hugh wedded king Edward's other daughter The first Otho the son of the first harry/ was the first Emperor of duchemen/ and reigned seven and tthyrty year/ On an easter time he made a great feast to his princes and lords/ And oer they were all served a princes son took a mess of the board as a child should/ and the kings sewer smote the child with a staff/ the child's master saw that/ and slough the sewer anon/ than the emperor would have dampened him without audience/ he threw down the emperor to the earth/ and straungeled him all most/ the Emperor was uneath delivered out of the chyldes' maystres hands/ but when he bade save the chlides masters life/ and cried and said that he himself was to blame/ for he had not spared him for so great a feste/ That year Anlaf a paynym king of Irlond and of many ylondes Syhtricus son by exyting of his wives father that was Constantyn king of Scotlande/ Anlaf entered in to the mouth of the river of humbre with a strong nanye/ king Edelstan and his brother Edmond met him at Brymford/ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo/ ¶ When the hosts were gathered Anlaf bythought him of a quaint gyle/ and took an harp in his hand/ & came to ethelstanes tenth/ in harper's array/ Theridamas atte meet time he espied all that he would/ and had money for his harping He had the money against his heart/ and buried it privily under him in the earth/ That was espied of one that had be sometime a soudyour with anlaf/ and he warned ethelstan/ when Anlaf was a go/ The king blamed him for he warned him no rather/ he answered and said O king the same faith that I own now to the I yaf to Anlaf sometime/ Therefore if I had broken that faith to him thou wouldest ween that I would do the same to the another time/ But now take heed to my counseylle/ Remeove thy tent fro this place/ that when he cometh unwisely he may fail of his purpose/ than thou may overcome him with great sobrenes/ This was do/ and Anlaf came hastily by night and in the way he slough a Bishop that remeoved his tent/ & his meinie/ and passed forth and fill on the kings tent/ But the king was waked with so great noise and his sword fill forth of his skaberd/ and he cried to god and to saint Aldelm And atte prayer of odo the Archebisshop that was than with the king/ the king fond his sword fallen in to his scabbard ayene That sword is yet kept in the kings treasury/ that sword is keruing on that one side/ and reyceveth in no place neither gold ne silver/ By that yefte of god the king was thenne helped/ & chased his enemies all that dawynge and all day on the morrow/ there the king Constantyn was slain/ & five other small kings and twelve duke's/ & we'll nigh all the gadring of strange nations/ here after he chased the north brytons at herford/ so that they should pay him every year twenty pound of gold and and three honderd pound of silver/ and five and twenty honderd heed of neete/ thamn he took to his subjection Cornugallia/ and amended excetre ¶/ In praising of him/ one made this dyte/ ¶ Kings blood brought forth a full noble knight/ Bright precious stone/ though byshone our derk so bright/ great Ethelstanus height of land path to the right/ Noble worthiness the sooth forsake ne might/ After lo the third Martin was pope three year and six months/ Also that year Ethelstan died at gloucet●e and had no child/ and was buried at madulf/ ¶ Marianus   

Capitulum 7  
THan Athelstans brother Edmundus biganne to regne in his twenty year of age/ and reigned about seven year/ and bygate on his queen Elgina twey sons/ Edwin and Edgar the pesyble/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo/ ¶ In this Edwyns time the northumbres rebelled and sent for Anlaf out of Irlond/ But king Edmund overcome him/ And Reynold gurmundus son/ and outlawed hem and took northumberbond to his own lordship/ And bete down Combreland that was rebel and yaf it to malcolyn king of Scotlande/ So that he should help him in every place where he were/ ¶ R ● It seemeth that in this journey/ king Edmond took with him the bones of Colfrydus the abbot/ and of hylda thabbess/ and brought 'em to glastenbury/ ¶ Alfrydus saith/ and marianus also/ that the king in the seventh year of his kingdom would deliver his sewer out of his enemies hands/ and was slain of 'em right there at pulkerchirche ¶ But Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo/ saith that the king was at a feast at Pulker church/ on saint austyns' day and he saw one leof/ a thief/ that he had exiled for his trespass/ sit there at meet among other men/ And the king leapt over the board/ and took the thief by the hee●/ and threw him to ground/ and the thief glutton with his knyf rent out the kings bowels/ Than the thief between the hands of hem that made noise and cry/ wounded & slough many men/ and was alto bakked of knights and of other men ¶ After Martin the second Agapitus was pope six year/ That year Louis the king of France/ the son of Charles made william longa spa●a be slain gylefully the second duke of normandye the son of Rollo Therefore the lords of normandy▪ were wrath and took the king and held him in Rothomage/ till that he had promised and sworn that he should yield normandy to Richard duke wiliams son/ And that ●uer after that time/ in every speech/ when the king and the duke spoke to guider/ the duke should be gird with a sword/ and the king should neither ●ere sword ne knyf/ After this ducwyliams young son Richard was duke/ And yet while this Richard was young/ he was called richard the old/ and without dread/ for he dread never/ he was duke of normandye two and fifty year/ and come to his duchery by hard travail and great/ and on his wyf gunnora a dane/ he bygate five sons and twey daughters/ The first was called Emma/ and was the flower of normandy/ Her father married her to Etheldredus king of England/ This duke Richard used to bid his beads in every church/ that he come by/ and namely without/ if he might not come in to the church/ On a night he came in to a church alone/ and found a Corpse ly● ther● on a bear/ and no man therewith/ while he had his beads/ be laid his gloves on a desk/ and forgot 'em there/ and went on his weigh/ Thenne the deed man aroos with a great noise/ and spr●d his arms in the church door against the duke/ The duke made the sign of the cross in his forheede with his thumb/ and conjured the deed man that he should rest. But all for naught/ for it would not be/ Than the duke with his sword smote the corpse in twey/ and by thought him when he was out/ that he had forgeten his gloves/ Than he turned ayene and fett his gloves/ Afterwards he ordained in all his land/ that about a deed corpse should be a watch all the night long/ ¶ It happeth that a monk of saint Ando●nus of Rothomage would on a night go to his leman/ and fill down of a bridge in to a water/ and was drowned/ Than for his soul was stryf between an angel and a fiend/ And either of 'em put the cause upon duke Rycharde● doom/ And he gave such a doom/ that the soul should be restored ayene to the body/ and the body should be set on the bridge/ of the which he had fallen· And if he went than to do that sin/ he should be dampened/ and else he should be saved/ when this was do the monk fled to church/ The duke went on the morrow to the same church/ and fond the monks clotheses yet all wete/ and told thabbot of the place/ that deed that was bifalle when the duke/ and Gunnora had long lived in dishonesty life/ the people spoke moche therof· And the duke by counsel of the people wedded her atte last/ Than the first night after the wedding/ when they come to bed/ whether it were in game or in earnest/ gunnora turned her bakke & her buttoks toward the duke as she had never before done/ me asked of her why she died so/ for now first said she I may do what/ me liketh/ Also this duke wax seek upon a time/ and made him a great chyste & filled it full of wheat and deled it to pour men energy friday to his lives end/ Henr/ Edmond king of Englond took & won out of the danes hands that were paynims five noble cities/ lyncoln/ notingham/ derby/ stafford and legecestre. he took fro hem these cities in that they were paynims/ and caused these cities to be of right believe/ For he received anlaf of the cold water/ Anlaf was cristened more by strength than by preaching of god's word/ Also ordained and made ordinances/ & amended what should be amended by counsel of dunstan/ & made the abbey of glastenbury/ noble in cataylle/ & in monks/ R/ As it is said before atte last he died at pulkerchirche & was buried at glastenbury ¶ Marianus libro secundo   

¶ Capitulum octawm/  
EDredus was evoynted at kyngeston of odo tharchebisshop & reigned after his brother edmond ten year/ For Edmondes' sons edwin & edgar were yet of young age & to young for to regne/ this edredus in the first year of his kingdom beet down strongly the northumbres that were rebels/ therefore the scots dread him & yield them to him/ after agapitus the/ xij/ iohn was pope viij/ year/ his father alberycus was mighty in the cyte of Rome & he made the noble men of the cyte to swear that they should make his son octavianus pope when agapytus' were deed/ & so they did/ & changed his name/ & named him iohan/ he was an hunter & a lecherous man/ so that he held women with him openly Therefore some of the cardinals written to otho the emperor of saxons/ & prayed him that he would come to rome & help to do aweye the sklaunder of holy church/ the pope was war thereof & kytt of the nose of the counseyllour & the hand of the writer that written that let/ than he was often warned by themperour/ & by the clergy that he should amend himself/ & for he would not he was deposed & lo was made pope in his stead/ but when themperour was go benett was made pope/ therefore themperour came again & besyeged Rome till they yield benet to him and restored lo again/ Louis the king of westfraunce is deed/ the son of charles the simple After him his son lotharius was king xxxvij/ year and died without children/ he pursued Richard duke of normandye as his father had pursued wiliam his father/ Marinell/ But at last edredus for the untruth of the northumbres/ he destroyed her land & brent thabbey of Rypon with fire/ when the king went thence home ward/ an host broke out of york/ & died great harm on the last party of the kings host/ therefore the king was wroth/ & thought to destroy all Northumberland/ but the northumbres did away hircus that was their king & pleased the king with/ yefces'/ king Edredus bygan to be sore seek/ & sent for his ghostly father dunstan/ & he came with greet speed/ & as he came in the weigh a voys spoke to him clearly/ & said/ now restyth king edredus in peace/ At that voys the horse that dunstan sat on fill down & died without hurting of him that sat above/ Dunstan byryed the king at wynchestre/ in the old abbey/ After this king that died without issue/ edwynus was king edmundus oldest son/ and was enoynted king of englond in the Royal town kyngeston be side london of Odo tharchebisshop/ the first day of his sacring he fill in to an unlawful lechery/ therefore dunstan myssayed him & blamed him therefore/ & therefore he exiled dunstan & many monks/ & took fro hem what they had/ he put out the monks of malmesbury/ & gave the abbaye to his clerks/ Atte last the merces and the northumbres put this edwin out of his kyngedom for his evil living/ & made his brother Edgar king when he was sixten year old/ in edgards beginning saint dunstan heard angels sing in this manner/ peace to the land of englysshmen in the child's time that now is born/ & in dunstans time/ & so it was than made that the river of temse departed the twey kings lands/ edwin reigned four year/ & died at last/ & was buried at wynchestre/ but his soul was delivered out of hell at prayer of saint dunstan & translated to the souls that do penance in the way of sauacion/ Trevisa/ Here take heed Christen men of the understanding for the words be perillously set/ therefore have mind now of twey manner of hells/ in that one were adan abraham/ isaac & Jacob/ and other holy forfaders that died before cryst/ in to that hell crist descended after his passion/ & brought with him thence holy faders that there were/ the other hell is a place for them that be & shallbe dampened for eumore· who that cometh in that hell shall never after be savid ne come out fro pain/ but as me saith in comune speech/ that a thef that is delivered from hanging & from the gallows though he come not there if he be delivered out of her power that would lede him to the galows and hang him thrrupon/ So in some manner understanding/ he that is delivered out of the fendes power that would bring him to hell/ is delivered out of hell though he come not there/ So means the prophet in the sawter/ & seith thou hast delivered my soul out of the lower hell/ Willelmus de re/ li/ 2/ And as the same land beareth evil herbs and good/ & the netylle sometime groweth next▪ the rose/ so of the same mild Edmond come edwin the worst and edgar the best/   

¶ Capitulum nonum  
EDgar young of sixteen year old was made king &/ reigned after his brother a sixten year/ in the twellifth year of him in Athammannes' cyte that is bathe the fyftenthe day of may on a wytsonday he was enoynted king of the holy bishops dunstan & oswald/ anon he reconciled dunston & made him of thabbot of glastenbury bishop of wyrcetre/ he connexyd the kingdoms that were denyded & made thereof but one kingdom/ he bore down wykked men & chastised them that were rebel/ he loved well good men and sober/ he repaired and amended churches/ In many places he did away clerks that lived in outrage & put there monks/ Trevisa/ In that/ save reverence of edgar/ he was lewdly moved while there were other clerks/ thant lived well enough/ Than it followeth in the story/ he byld more than forty abbeys/ among the which he made rich glastenbury/ abyndon burgh/ thorney ramesey wylton & wynchestre/ but at wynchestre in the new abbey that now is called hyda for an hap that there bifel/ he was the first that put in monks in stead of clerks/ for clerks fled the travail of the quere & spend the catail of holy church in other places at her own will/ & vycars in her stead full little for to live by/ & when they would not be amended by king edgar nowther by bishop ethelwold nouther by tharchebisshop dunstan/ the king yave the provends of these clerks to the forseid vicar's/ but the vicar's were worse than the rather when they were made people/ & lived more in outrage than the rather did/ than the king was aggreved/ & by thassent of the xiij/ pope iohn he put out the clerks and put in monks/ W/ ubi su/ In his time was no thief taken open ne privy/ that he ne had his pain/ Also this king cast to destroy the wild beestes that desire blood/ therefore he made ludwallus that was king of wales/ to bear him certain year a tribute of three honderd wolves/ And when he had paid this three year to guider/ in the fourth year might never a wolf be founden/ Item/ W/ Though this edgar were small & little/ of stature/ he would overcome every man were he never so strong that would with him fight/ On a time at a feste where jouglers showed 'em self most/ me saith that kynadus king of scots said in his game/ that it seemed wonder that so many provinces & lands were subgette to so a little man as Edgar was/ A mynstral herd that word/ & told the king/ & he told not his men/ but he aroos from the feste/ there kynadus was/ & had kynadus to him as it were for a great counseylle & ●ad him far in to a wood/ & took him one of twey swords that he brought with him/ & spoke to kynadus & said/ now thou hast leave to kythe thy strength/ & essay whether of us twain shall be subget to other for now we be here alone/ It is a foul thing for a king to ●angle much atte fist/ & not to fight in battle/ kynadus was abashed and fill down to edgards feet/ and prayed him of forgiveness/ of that simple word that he had said in his game/ Every summer after he would gader ships together/ and depart 'em in four/ & set them in the four parts of Englond/ Thenne with the west navey he would sail in to the north country/ with the north navey/ he would sail in to the eest country/ and with the eest navey he would seylle in to the south country/ And with the south naveye in to the west country/ In that doing he was a mild espy/ for the thieves should not grieve in water ne in land/ In winter time he would ride about in the land/ & inquire & espy the domes and the deeds of his mynystres/ he would take cruel wretch of 'em that trespassed against the law ¶ At all time he was a prouffytable counseyllour for the ●omonte/ But he favoured the danes unwisely in their axing/ For uneath was there one street in englonde but danes dwelled therein with Englysshmen/ That was suffered with a good heart/ but thereof come a right grievous end/ for the danes were great drynkers by kind and left with englysshmen that one doing that is known and dureth alway/ so that now the doing of englysshmen doth pryiudyce to all the world in empting of cups/ Therefore king edgar made styke nails in the cups/ & marked so the Cups for they should drink by measure unto the nails/ W/ de/ r/ et de/ p/ li/ 2/ Than this edgar on his wyf egelfleda/ the white by her he bygate his oldest son Edward. that was afterward Edward king and martyr/ Than on alfritha the duke's daughter of Devonshire he gate edmond that died bifore his father/ & Egelredus that reigned after saint edward/ & on saint wylfrytha/ he bigate saint edyth the maid/ this wylfrytha was not verily a menchon/ as the comune saw madly means/ but for deed of king Edgar that desired her unlaufully/ she took nuns clothing/ & so she was brought to the kings bed/ And for the king lay by that woman that was held & seemed a nun/ he was blamed of seint dunstan/ and died penance seven year/ Also when she had a child/ she forsook fleshly liking and man's company and lived relygyously/ & is held a saint in the abbey of wylton so it is said/ Also of her daughter edyth/ it is said that while she was a menchon at wylton/ she used oft gayer clotheses than her profession axed/ and she was therefore blamed of saint ethelwold and she answered nowther uncovenably ne full cu●tously/ God's doom said she that may not fail/ is pleased only with conscience/ therefore I trow that as clean a soul may be under these clotheses/ that be arrayed with gold/ as under thy slyt forour skins/ On a time while dunstan hallowed a church/ he saw this maid croyse oft her own forheede with her right thumb/ Dunstan was glad thereof and said I pray god/ that that thumb may never rot/ And anon at mass Dunstan bygan to weep & said/ Anon after six weeks this fay●●rose shall well wydre/ and so it befell/ For after when her body was taken up of the earth/ it was founden all rotten/ and turned to powder/ out take the thumb/ and her womb with the privy chose bynethe. Dunstan had thereof greet wonder/ and thought moche therynne/ and why it might be/ ¶ Thenne she appeared to him and told him the cause/ and said wonder the not/ though I be hoole and sound in the neither parts of my body/ for I was never guilty of outrage of meet and drink/ nowther of fleshly liking/ Also of this holy maid it is read/ that while king cauntus loved little saints of englond one's in a Whitsuntide at wilton at a feast he made open mows & scorned saint edyth & seid that he would never trow that of edgards children that was lecherous/ & a great tyrant should be a saint/ Ednotus tharchebisshop withsaid/ that though was there present/ & opened anon the grave of the maid/ thenne she arrered herself up to the girdel stead/ so that it seemed as though she would have resed on the rebel king/ for that deed the king was astonied & fill down to the ground as though he were in a swoon/ and drough breath at last/ & was ashamed and glad/ that he was saved/ & intended to do worthy penance   

¶ Capitulum/ 10/  
About that time died odo tharchebisshop of Caunterbury This was of the nation of danes/ but he died alweye his wildness at last/ & seruid king edward the elder in chivalry And not long after he took the tonsur of clerk/ & was made bishop of wynchestre/ he had made king ethelstan his friend by the coming of the sword that was lost in the scaubert again/ So that he was made archebisshop of caunterbury/ & for that he would take that dignity the more holily/ for all his predecessors had be monks he passed the see & took monks wede at floriacio beside aurelian/ Trevisa/ Odo was lewdly moved therefore to make him a monk for cryst ne none of all his apostles was never monk ne frere/ Than it followeth in the story/ Odo come again and was nigh the king/ and went atte last with king Edredus in to Northumberlond/ & brouht with him to Caunterbury the holy axes of saint wylfryde the bishop/ thereof is yet contynuel stryf between them of york/ & of caunterbury whether hath the more wilfrides bones/ that was buried in the church of rypon/ by these foresaid bones owther the bones of the lass wylfride that was saint johns priest & his successor/ in the see of york/ Also this Odo suspended king Edwynus of crystendome for he was to fervent in lechery and out of all good fame/ Therefore Edwynus took wretch in all the monks of Englond/ For in all englond was no man that him dared withstand out take odo/ and dunstan/ For as Seneca saith/ a Cok is most mighty on his own dung hill/ ¶ Also on a time Odds temple was unheebed And all that time/ that the heeling was in making/ and the temple in heeling/ he heeled it so with his beads/ that there fill no drop of rain in all the place about/ and yet that time was so great tempest/ and rain of water/ that is seemed that all the world should go to giders/ Also on another time when he sacred saint dunstan bishop of wyrcetre/ he did so thordre of the service as though he had sacred tharchebisshop of caunterbury/ & when his clerks blamed him therefore/ I wot sons said Odo what the holy ghost worchith on me/ & in the true before boding lakked no sober feyth· though elsinus bishop of wynchestre ever among founded to have that see/ for when odo was deed/ this elsinus ordained him advocates/ and groped her hands/ and gate slily a mandment of the king/ and was put in at caunterbury And the first day that he was in there/ he spared not but he cast out of his wodenes that he had long kept in his heart/ & put with his feet on saint odoes tomb/ and despised his soul and spoke/ to him in this manner/ thou worst old man/ thy soul is a go late enough/ thou hast made a place to a bet than thou were/ what I have long desired/ now I have maugre thy teth/ therefore I can the full evil thank at this time/ but when that day was a go/ and this blower of wodenes was brought to his bed/ he saw the shap of saint odo blame him and despise him/ and menace that he should die/ But he wend that he had be scorned of a fleing fantesye/ and spared not therefore/ But he went toward rome to receive the pall of the pope/ and passed by the hills alpes and was frozen in a cold snow/ and in his horse bowels that were opened to have some hete/ he wrapped his feet with which he spurned saint odoes tomb/ and died so there/ ¶ After him bryghtlynus bishop of wynchestre was archebisshop of caunterbury/ and for he was not suffisaunt to so great a charge/ he went again to wynchestre by commandment of the king/ & Dunstan bishop of london & of wyrcetre was made archebisshop of caunterbury/ and went to rome/ & received the pall of the pope johan He come again and gate of the king. that oswalde that was Odoes brother son should be bishop of worcetre/  
¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro primo  
Dunstan was first abbott of glastenbury/ he was alway full of virtues/ and made him busy to torn king edgards heart/ to deeds of salvation/ & to make the kings living to be a myrroure and ensample to all his subgettis/ And if the king trespassed he studied him fast to amend/ & so he made him do penance seven year for unlawful lygging by a menchon/ by that ensample he chastised the comonte/ and made knights do as they should/ and feared the●es and refrained hem/ Thordre of monks was thryfty that time/ For it had religious rulers clear of science and of clergy/ And so between thaccord of the good living of the king/ and of the Archebisshop/ clerks had choice/ whether they would amend her life/ or bid her benefice far we'll/ and leave woning places to better than they were/ For so should be no moor discord/ between the fairness of the house & the living of 'em that dwelled theryn/ Than the folds answered to the tillers of plente of corn/ and of fruit/ Every groan shone with hurton trees/ and other trees full of fruit/ The Elementys were clear and liking/ uneath there was any dystemperance of weder/ pestylences and enemies both were far that time/ ¶ About that time in Gaskoyne was a woman departed and divided from the navel upward/ and had twey hedes and twey breestes/ so that sometime one slept/ owther eat when that other died nowther/ and they lived so to gydre long time/ and died both at one's/ ¶ After the twellyfthe johan the fifth Benet was pope three months/ ¶ Nychoforus king of grece was an old man/ and dread jest his own sons would put him out of his kingdom/ and deemed that his sons should be ghelded/ But the queen counseled one johan/ that he should slay the king and regne/ and so it was done/ After Benet the eighteenth lo was pope a year and four months/ For the malice of the Romans that made of 'em self unlawfully pope's/ he ordained that no pope's should be ordained without assent of the Emperor/ ¶ After him the thyrtenth johan was pope as it were eight year/ Atte last he was taken of the prefect of the Cyte and exiled/ But the emperor restored him again/ and slough his enemies/ After johan the sixth Benet was pope one year and six months/ ¶ After him/ the eight Bone face was pope three year/ he might not abide at Rome/ but he spoil led saint Peter's church/ and went to Constantinople/ and come ayene to Rome with great pomp and booste/ And when he might not have his purpoos be took the Cardynal johan/ and put out both his eyen/ and died son after/ ¶ Willelmus de pont libro secundo/ ¶ when Askatyllus Archebisshop of york was deed/ saint oswald bishop of wyrcitre received the the archebisshoprych/ and governed both that/ and the bisshoprich of wyrtetre/ Besides the cathedral church of saint Peter at wircetre/ he build another church of our lady that he might there be the more homely with the monks/ and there by he had great love of the people/ There clerks of the next church when they saw that/ had liefer be monks than so despised and forsaken/ when oswald was stalled at york/ he brought lettred men in to country/ For the countraye should not be defrauded/ and be without such goodness/ without the which goodness/ other goodness seemeth but a vanity/ ¶ Albo monk of floriacio was one of thylk lettred men/ without moche fruit of clergy/ that he brought in to Englond/ he described and written the life of saint edmund the king and martyr/ at prayer of saint dunstan/ This Albo turned home afterward/ and was made Abbot/ ¶ Than on a time in a cell in gascoigne called Alereul and longed to his abbey/ he would have used the strength of religion/ but the eruelte of Gascoyns would not suffer it and kytte his throat and so he died/ and oswald lived five year after/ and kneeled down on a time to wessh poor men's feet/ and said gloria patri/ and died right so/ ¶ Willelmus de regibus libro secundo/ ¶ King Edgar in the twellyfthe year of his kingdom was enoynted king/ and sacred at bath and sailed about north Brytayne/ and come a land at legyon that now is called Chestre/ Eight under kings come against him/ with the which kings he went in a boot on a day on the river dee/ and took the helm in his hand/ and was steres man and the other kings were set to row with oores/ and so he come rowing to saint johans church/ and come rowing with a great pomp and boost to his own palace/ and me saith/ that he said thennethat any of his successors might be ioyeful and glad/ when he had so great pomp and worship/   

¶ Capitulum 11  
EDgar Emperor flower and fairness of England died the fyftenth day of juyll the year of his life seven and thirty/ and of his kingdom with his brother and after one and twenty/ & was buried at glastenbury/ he is no less worthy to be in mind to englysshmen/ than cyrus to the perses other Romulus to the Romayns/ owther Alysaunder to the greeks/ owther charles to frensshmen/ ¶ Willelmus ubi supra/ ¶ At glastenbury the year of our● lord a thousand and two and fifty when abbot aylward had digged unworshipfully edgards grave/ the body was founden hoole and sound and so full of flesh that it might not entre in to the new chest/ Also fressh blood was seen drop out of the fressh body/ & so that body was put in to a shryn that he had yeven to that church/ and set upon the auter with saint Apolynarys' heed/ and other relykes of saint vyncente/ that the same king had brought for great pries/ and given to that house/ but that nice Abbot wax wood/ and went out of church/ and broke his neck and dy●●/ ¶ Ranulphus/ ¶ The Bryttyssh story tellyth in saint eltutus life that when king edgar destroyed the country of glomm●rgan for the rebelnesse of the people/ saint eltutus bell was taken away/ & hanged about an horse neck/ therefore in undertyde while king edgar lay on his bed to rest him/ one appeared to him/ & smote him on the breast with a spear/ than when the king was waken/ he bade restore ayene all that was taken/ But the king died after nine days/ In praising of him one said in this manner/ Henricus libro/ 5 Helper punyssher of tresp●as and yever of worship/ king Edgar is ago to the kingdom of heaven/ This other Solomon laws father weigh to the peace/ Noble in batayls than more noble he was Temples to the good monks/ to the monk temples gave he fields/ All wrong/ this put away/ so this yafe place to the right/ ¶ Willelmus de regibus libro secundo/ But some men founden to put venom to the joy and goodness of Edgar/ and tellen that he was cruel in his beginning to Cyteseyns and lecherous to maidens/ As in this manner one ethelwold an Earl was prive with him/ and on a time he charged this Earl/ that he should go to elfrytha orgarus daughter earl of Devonshire that was a wonder fair maid and counsel her and bring her for to be wedded to the king/ if it were so that the fairness of her were according to the loose and to the fame/ ¶ The earl went his way and took the maid to his own use/ and come angeyne to the king and anlledged for him and for his side as he trowed would help and said that that wench was but of comune fairness and shap/ such as me saith all day not covenable to be a kyngys' wyf/ But on a time tale tellers/ warned the king how gylefully that ethelwolde had served him/ than the king droof out one nail with another/ and took wretch of a gyle with a wile/ and made good face to th'earl and semblant and set him a day as it were in his game/ when he would visit that woman/ For so dreadful a game/ th'earl was all comfortless and nigh deed for fear/ and ran home before/ and prayed his wyf/ that she would help for to save him/ and that as much as she might/ she should make herself foul and unseemly in the kings sight with clothing and foul array/ But what/ she durst not/ but she died the contrary/ and took a mirror and kembed her/ and arrayed her body/ and her heed/ as gay/ and as fair as she couth/ and left no thing that should make her fair and liking/ to a man's sight/ Thenne when the king saw the woman/ he began to brenne in her love/ and made it as though he were not wroth/ and had the earl with him for to hunt in the wood of werwelley that now is called hoot wood/ There the king smote him through with a shaft/ there the king axed of thearls baste son how him liked such hunting/ & me saith that he answered and said/ lord king what pleased the shall not dysplese me/ By that word he meked so the kings heart that was to swollen for wrath/ that no thing was liefer afterward to the king than the son of th'earl that was slain/ Afterwards for cleansing of this deed/ this Elfrytha build an abbey of nuns at warwell/ ¶ Ranulphus/ But more verily for the sluing of her stepson/ Edward that she made be slain/ for her own son egelredus should regne/ ¶ Willelmus ubi supra To this ensample of cruelness they tell another of lechery/ and say/ that he took a maid that was sacred to god/ out of an abbey and say by her/ ¶ Also that he was on a tym● by night at Andever not far from wynchestre/ and bad bring to his bed a duke's daughter that was a well fair maid/ But the mode● of that maid would not that her daughter should so be defowled and had a bound servant that was a fair maid smooth & liking/ and sent her to the kings bed/ A morrow when the dawynge byganne to spring/ the woman byganne to rise/ Thenne me axed of her why she hied/ for to do my work said she/ as I am wont every day. Than for that nights journey she axed freedom for her meed/ For she that was assenting to the kings liking should no more be under in boundage to cruel lords/ Anon the king byganne to laugh and made that boundewoman lady of lords/ But how it ever be of such deeds/ it is sooth/ that he cleansed him of such deeds by very penance/ After Boneface the seventh/ the seventh Benet was pope/ viij/ year and six months/ the second otho/ the son of the first ●tho reigned after his father among duchemen ten year/ and six months/ The seventh year of his kingdom/ he was crowned at rome of pope Benet when the ytalyens broke the peace/ This made a great feast to the lords of ytaly/ at the grease of the church of Rome/ And while they were at meet/ he made men of Arms byclyppe 'em privily about/ and moved a pleynte at last of breaking of the peace/ & bade 'em take him the names written of 'em that were guilty/ and made 'em be byheded right there everichone/ and made the other eat her meet in peace/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo/   

¶ Capitulum 12  
Young Edward by help of dunstamn/ and of other Bishops was made king against the will of some other lords/ Specially against the will of his stepdame elfrytha/ that fonded to make her own son egelredus king a child of seven year old That she might so regne under the child's name/ This edward reigned as it were four year ¶ There anfter waned the grace of the kingdom/ For in the fyrmament was seen stella Cometa/ that is a star with a bright shining creest/ that bodeth alway pestilence in the province/ owther changing of the kingdom/ And long thereafter fell bareynesse of fields/ hunger of men/ and death of beestes/ And Alferus prince of mercia favoured Elfritha the queen with all that he might/ and put out monks that edgar had ordained/ and brought in Clerks with concubines/ But dunstan and the earl of eeste englonde withstood 'em manly/ For the clerks that were sometime put out/ rered stryf again/ and said that it were a wretched shame/ that a new coming should put old landesman of her place/ That is not plesing to god that granted the place to the old woner/ nowther a good man alloweth it not that may dread that me would do to himself as he seethe that me doth to other/ Herfor was a solemn counsel made at wynchestre/ there the image of road spoke out of the wall/ and said that dunstans way was good and true/ but yet cesed not the hearts of unskylfull men/ therefore was made a counseylle at Ryal street of Calf/ there the king was absent/ for he was yet of tender age/ & there sat in an high house the senators of England/ There dunstan was strongly despised and chydde/ Thenne the gystes and the beams of the sober all to broke/ and the soler fill down/ and some were deed/ and some hurt & maimed for evermore/ so all that there wree were deed owther hurt full sore/ out take dunstan alone that escaped graciously and wisely/ that miracle brought forth silence to 'em that intended afterward to have mayntened that quarrel/ The young Edward came from hunting weary and a thirst/ and his stepdame gave him drink/ and the mean time/ he was stykked with a swerde· Thenne he byganne to prykke his horse with all that he might thennes for to flee/ Thenne his one foot slode out of the styrope/ and he was to draw by that other foot all about the fields/ and thwert over ways and all be bloded and at Cornisgate be gave the signs and tokens of death/ than he was buried unworthily three year at warham/ there god wrought for him m●ny miracles and great/ For there great light come down fro heaven/ and the haltman received his going aright/ the dembe man received his spoche/ the deef his hearing/ and the blind his sight/ there all manner seek men took the state of health/ By that rumour she that slough him was moved and came riding on a beeste that might not come nigh the place/ for no beting/ ne for no crying/ the beeste was oft changed but it was all for naught/ therefore what she might not done in her own person/ she did by another/ For her minister Elferus that had sometime put out monks in mercia and brought Clerks in her stead/ he took Edward'S body and buried it solempny at Septon that is shaftesbury/ ¶ R In time afterward some of his body was translated to leof monaster besides herforde and some to Abyndon/ The place at shaftesbury/ there his longs yet qnave all fressh and sound is called Edwardestow/ W/ ubi supra For this slaughter Elfrytha build twey abbeys of women not for fro Salesbury/ One at ambrysbury and another at werwel/ she died away the pomp of the world/ and died long time hard penance at warwell/ and used alway the here/ and fasting and chastised her body that was full fair sometime/ And always as she might she croysed her forheede and breast and lieth buried there/ But the foresaid Elferus escaped not all manner wretch for he was eten all with lyse after one year after the buring of the foresaid martyr/ About that time was fulbertus in prosperity bishop of Carnot an excellent man in our lady love/ Among his other noble works he made in praising of our lady the response styrps yesse/ and solemn iusticie/ and this ym●ne Chorus nove jerusalem/ On. a time he was seek atte gate of death and our lady appeared to him and asked of him/ whereof he dread/ my lady said he/ I trust in thy mercy/ but I dread full sore thine own sons doom/ dread the nothing said she/ and for to make thee/ the more sicker hereafter. I shall now make the all hoole/ and anon she took her breast out of her bosomme and dropped on his face three drops of precious liquor of milk/ and went forth her way/ he was hoole forthwith and died that sweet liquor of heaven in a vessel of silver/ and had keep▪ it in mind/  
¶ Willelmus de regibus libro secundo   

¶ Capitulum 13  
EGelredus edgards son bygoten on his second wyf Elfrytha was made king after his elder brother Edward at kyngeston/ he was a fair knight and a lovely/ Eight & thirty year he besyeged the kingdom more verily than ruled it/ For the course of his life was cruel/ and ungracious in the beginning/ wretched in the myddel/ and foul in the end/ For while saint dunstan baptized him/ he defowled the fontston with the fruit of his womb/ therefore dunstan said by god and by his moderthies shall be unkind/ And in the day of his crowning he told this prophecy/ For thou come to the kingdom by the death of thy broder·s in whose death Englysshmen conspired with the wykked woman thy mother/ they shall not be without blood and sword oer there come people of an unknown tongue/ and bring 'em in to the last thraldom/ this trespaas shall not be cleansed without long vengeance/ when this egelredus was a child of ten year old/ and heard tell that his brother edward was so slain/ he meoved so his wode mother with weeping and with yelling that she bete him almost to death/ with tapers/ for he shad naught else at hand/ therefore he hated tapers all his life time/ Also on Ethelgyna earl egbertus daughter he bygate Edmund Ir●nsyde by hi● surname/ and edwin and ethelstan and one daughter called edgyna/ Afterwards on emma of normandy he bygate Alfredus and Edward/ Halfpenny a night a cloud was seen in all Englond now bloody now fiery/ than it changed by divers colours and beams/ and went away in the dawning/ That year southhampton & the isle of Tanet besides kente/ and saint petrocus abbaye in Cornewayle/ & the province of chestre were destroyed by thieves of danes/ the cyte of london was brent with fire of the same Cyte/ saint ethelwold bishop of wynchestre is deed/ he was born at wynchestre/ & norysshed up under dunstan at glastenbury & made monk/ And he was made abbot at abyngdon in king Edredus time/ And he was made bishop at wynchestre in Edgar's time/ there he made an abbaye of nuns/ and translated saint swythynes body out of the earth/ ¶ After him saint alphegus abbot of bath was bishop/ And afterward Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ and was slain of the danes/ Of him Inner more we shall speak/ This thyrdde otho the second Othoes son reigned among duchemen after his father eyghten year/ This had a wonder surname and was called otho the wondres of the world/ Mirabilia mundi/ and he was crowned at Rome of the fifth pope gregory/ And though these three othones were emperors arewe as it were by kind heritage/ yet afterward it was ordained that the Emperor should be choose/ by thofficers of the empire/ though officers be seven/ Of hem been versus made/ Maguntmensis/ treverensis/ Coloniensis/ Qu●l●b●t imperij fit can cellarius horum/ Eciam palatinus dapyfer/ dnx portitorensis/ Marchio prepositus camere pyncerna boemns/ Hij statuunt dominum per secula summum/ these be to mean Bishop meynse/ magunce Trever and Colonia/ these three/ everichone of this is made right chancellor of th'empire/ earl palatinus sewer duke of Oustryche beareth the sword/ marquys is chamberleyn· butiler king is of beam/ this chosen to men all the lord highest for ever/ the thyrdde otho had a wyf that would have had an husband man to lygge by her/ but the man would not assent to anon try/ than he was thretend that his heed should be smitten of/ without any doom/ but oer he died he bade his wyf that she should after his death prove him guiltless by the doing of ho●r brenning iron The day came when the emperor said that he would do right/ to the faderles and moderles children and to wydues/ This wyduc came and brought with her her husbands heed/ and axed what death he were worthy that had slain a man wrongfully/ He is worthy to lose his heed said themperour/ thou art that man said the wydue/ and that I shall prove anon by the doom of fire & brenning iron/ when the doom was done/ themperour gave himself to the woman/ for she should punish him as she would/ but atte praying of bishops/ first of ten days were grounted/ and than of eight/ and than of seven/ and at last of six In the which days the emperor examined the cause at full and brent his own wyf/ and for his raunsonne he gave to the wydue four castle towns in the Bysshopryche of Brynensis/ that yet have the names & be cleped by the first days/ ten/ eight seven and six The fourtenthe johan was pope eight months ¶ After him the fifteenth iohan four months/ After him the sixteenth johan was pope ten year Willelmus ubi supra/ ¶ King Egelredus for stryf that was between him and the Bishop of Rouchestre besyeged the cyte of Rouchestre/ Dunstan send to him that he should leave his wodenesse/ and that he should not offend saint andrew patron of that place/ The king wrought not of bore words/ than dunstan height and arrayed his heest fair with money/ and sent him an honderd pound for he should break the siege/ the money was received and dunstan wondered of the man's covetise and sent him word by messengers in this manner/ for thou hast put gold before god and silver before the apostle/ and covetise before me/ right son evil haps shall come upon thee/ but not while I am alyve· Than two year after came the danes when dunstan was deed/ that year twey pestylences that were unknown before/ fill in Englond For men had the fevers/ and beestes the flyxe/ ¶ saint dunstan ended his life full of virtues & of wondres/ as descrived osbertus monk of Caunterbury/ he tellith in saint dunstans life/ that while saint dunstan hyghted the images of apostles and martyrs with the stolen of a priest/ An harp that hinge upon the wall was herd make sweetly melody without man's hand/ the melody was the note of this anteme of the martres/ Gaudent in celis anime sanctorum/ that is to say holy men's souls make joy in heaven/ Also he tellyth thkt dunstan couth many crafts/ and wrought with his hands/ and made on a time a chalis by gold smiths' craft in a cell fast by glastenbury/ there the fiend came in likeness of a woman and tempted him by fantasies of divers liking/ Dunstan in his spirit was war thereof/ and caught him by the nose with his fire hot tongue/ so that deed was known of neighbours about with cryeng● and yelling of the fiend/ Also on a time dunstan was slepy and heard angels sing full sweetly/ Kyryeleyson/ Xprysteleyson/ the melody of that note/ and armonye/ is yet famous among englysshe men/ & used on that kyrye/ kyrye rex splendens/ than when dunstan was deed/ the danes come in to every haven of englond/ so that me witted not where me might met hem/ therefore men might not put 'em away with iron/ and put 'em away with silver/ and paid 'em the first year ten thousand pound by counseylle of Syrycus that was Archebisshop next after dunstan/ ¶ And the second year sixten thousand pound/ the thyrdde year twenty thousand/ li/ the iiij/ year/ xxiv/ M/ li/ the/ v/ year/ thirty/ M/ l/ at last xl M/ li till all the money failed/ than the danes bygan ayene to rob & to reve/ and yet hereto one elfricus manyster of the kings ships fled to the enemies as a vile flemed harlot/ the night before the batayle/ and warned 'em of whom they should take heed & bewar/ For that deed men took his son algarus/ and put out both his eyen/ And yet elfricus come ayene/ but he failed ayene/ Thenne the danes spoylled and rob all northumberlond/ and besieged london/ and made the king pay tribute by strength/ The mean time elphegus the bishop of wynchestre gave pledgis and brought Anlaf king of danes to king ●gelredus/ & king egelredus received him of cold water/ & the bishop confirmed him/ thereafter he went to his own & did no harm/ but yet so cesed not harm/ But as the hedes of Idra when some enemies were away come up other enemies/ and destroyed the countraye. ¶ The Capytayns presence is moche worth to be known in were and in battle/ so is hardiness use and loore of deeds of Arms/ these failed that time among englysshmen/ For if the host were any time gathered if Ships were made/ no thing sped a right/ For our men were not chasted/ they gave them to theft and to robbery/ For they were not comforted/ they would lightly flee/ Our ships were destroyed with great tempest/ ¶ One wylnotus that the king had exiled occupied the ships that were left and drenched 'em owther brent hem/ If the lords come to counsel any time/ they were not of one assent But they treated more of discord and strife that was among 'em self than of the comune profit/ & if any good counsel and profitable were yeven/ anon their enemies should wit For without the foresaid Elfrycus one Edrycus/ that the king had made lord of mercia a right falls traitor and sly that couth well feign himself true friend though he were falls  
He espied the kings counsel as he were true and trusty and warned the enemies thereof/ as a falls gybeful traitor/ In the mean time/ mescheve/ & hunger increased fast/ ¶ Enemies might go freely fifty mile/ & take prays and lede to her ships Thenne they paid more tribute to the danes/ the king had such a condition that he would lightly dyssheryte englysshmen/ & feign trespaas for to have her money and her good/ he was so froward to his wyf emma. that she seld come in his bed/ he walowed in lechery with strompettis/ and with comune women/   

¶ Capitulum 14  
LOtharius Louis son was king of westfraunce/ and died without children/ In him the great charles offspring lost the kingdom/ Somme men say that this lotharius had childre that reigned not after him/ By help of Richard duke of normandy/ that was sometime greatly grieved by lotharius/ ¶ Lotharius sons were taken/ and the great hugh capette was made king of france/ and reigned nine year/ this hugh Capett was the son of duke hugh/ whose sister duke rychard had spoused  
¶ saint oswald archebisshop of york/ and of worcetre also/ died & was buried at wyrcetre/ The/ v/ gregorius was pope as it were three year/ this was before called brunus/ & was othoes themperours kynnesman/ At his instance he was choose pope/ But afterward when themperour was absent one Crescencius prefect of the cyte took one placentinus a rich man of money/ and put him in the poperyche/ and called him the seventh johan/ But the Emperor came again/ and put out this johan/ and put in the second Sylvester/ ¶ That year/ the Bishops see that sometime was called Lyndeffarn was changed to durham/ ¶ And saint Cuthbertus' body was translated thither/ the which body/ ardulphus led about with him sometime/ The first Richard the third duke of Normandy is deed/ ¶ After him his son the second Richard was duke/ xxviij/ year/ For his great goodness he was called the good Richard/ he was devout in god's service/ & wise & ready to the world ward/ Curtoys and large of yefts/ On his first wyf he bygate three sons/ Richard Robert & Wiliam/ & three daughters On his second wyf he gate wyliam and Robert/ archebisshop of rothomage/ One of these second rychardes knights stolen a spoon/ & laid it to wed among other things/ The duke espied it & none other man/ & let quite out all the knights weds/ the knight espied that the spoon was so espied/ & was so ashamed that he fled privily away/ The king went after the knight that fled/ and brought him ayene and made him rich/ and loved him afterward right we'll/ One master Bernard heard the duke's loos/ and would be known to him/ And bythought him on every side how he might best do for to come thereto/ he come at last with a bow and an arrow to a window of the castle/ there the duke was wont to stand/ And walked hyder and thither as though he would have shot to the duke/ the duke was wars thereof/ and espied what the cause was/ & loved him right well/ After the seventh johan was put out the second sylvester was pope four year and twey months/ W/ v/ su/ This hete first gerebertus by his name/ & was of the nation of frensshmen/ & was shorn monk at Floriacio beside aurelyans'/ when he come to pyctagoras double weigh/ he was caught with noye of his order with covetise of worship/ and left his habit on a night/ and fled in to hyspals/ that is syvyl le grannt a cyto of spain for to learn subtile and curious arts & sciences/ there as crysten men have Tolet/ Sarazens have hyspals/ there gerebertus learned and passed tholomeus in astronomy & Alcandrius in the space between the stars & julius fermicus in destiny/ there he learned what sygnefyed song/ and flight of fowls what the curyosite of kind may take that Carsong I leave/ But he drank thereof that he passed all other/ he was the first that took Agabus of Sarazens/ and gave rules therynnne/ that may uneath be understanden of the connyngest men of that craft/ which crafts men been cleped Abacyste/ Gerebertus was at In with one that was most cunning philosophre/ that was bound with promises and with yefts/ Gerebertus had wryton and copied all this philosophres books/ except one that contained all the privity of the craft/ For that book might he not geete by no manner of sleight/ But the philosophre was otherwhile dronken· And so Gerebertus waited his time/ and took the book/ that was under the philosophres heed and fled aweye therewith/ Thenne he awoke. and pursued Gerebertus by craft of the stere●s/ in the which craft he was parfyht enough/  
By that same craft he that fled was ware of the perylle/ and dressed him under a treen bridge that was there next and hinge there by the arms/ so that he touched neither earth ne water/ and so by that craft he was beguiled that sought him right busily/ and withdrew him and turned home ayene/ Thenne this gerebertus came to the see/ and called forth the fiend and behete him homage if he would bear him over the see/ and save him fro him that pursued him/ and so it was done/ Than he come ageyn in to France/ & held open school/ and had with him Constantin thabbot of saint mayimin besides aurelyans/ To him he made and gave a rule of Abacus/ Also he told the skylle and reason of the dyameter above macrobius/ Trevisa/ The dyameter is of a figure owther of a shap the lengest even line that is divided therynne/ take who that may/ Than it followeth in the story/ Gerebertus had s●olers Robert the son of hugh Capette king of france/ and otho/ Otho the emperors son/ But robert was afterward king of france/ and made this gerebertus Archebisshop of remensis/ yet in that church is mind of his lore for theridamas is an orloge made by craft of honde/ and water organs that soundeth by eyr and water/ there by strength of hoots water the wind brekyth out and filleth the holownes of the Organs/ and thenne by shaply draughts the brazen pipes send out sweet cry and noise of melody/ thereafter Otho was Emperor and made Gerebertus bishop of Ravenna/ and son there after pope/ ¶ Marianus/ ¶ Of that hap is a verse made/ Scandit ad/ R/ Gerebertus/ ab/ R/ post papa vygens/ in/ R/ That is Gerebertus passyth up to/ R. out of R/ and is thereafter pope in his flowers in R/ ¶ R/ He passed out of Remence to Ravenna/ and the third time to Rome/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus/ Favour of the fiend droof forth his fortune/ for by help of the fiend/ and by craft of nygromancye he fond treasure that was hid of old time/ in that field called Campus Marcius/ besides rome was an image that time that held straight out ¶ the finger/ of his right hand/ the which finger some men call lyk pot/ that is the finger next the thumb/ and on the images heed it was wreton/ smite her/ men of old time wend & trowed treasure there to find/ & broke somewhat of the image with many hard strokes/ gerebertus blamed 'em therefore/ & even at midday when the son was highest/ he took heed where the shadow of that finger fill on the ground & pight there a stake & at night he took with him his chamberlayn alone that bore with him light & opened the earth there as the stake was pight and went in and saw the●e a kings house of gold and knights of gold plaing with dyses of gold/ and king and queen of metal sitting atte board & served with meet set on the board/ servants standing before 'em/ & cups of great wight and price/ In the ynner place of the ho●s a carboncle stone shone clearly/ and did away all the derknesse of the night. On the other side stood a youngling with a bow bent/ But among all these no thing might be touched though it might be seen/ if any man went ner to handle any thing h●r of/ it seemed that all the images would on him rese/ Gerebertus was war thereof and abstained him & withstood his covetise/ & desire/ but the chamberlayn abstained not atte full/ for he took a knyf that lay on the board/ Anon as he had taken the knyf/ all images bygan to grudge/ and to arise/ & the child loosed/ and shot and hytte the carboncle stone with a reode/ and made all the house full of derknesse/ So that but if he had laid down the knyf as his lord bade him/ both should have paid the pain So it is red that joseph dalf with his father moche treasure in to the earth/ ¶ And hircanus took up three thousand talentes of king david's grave/ for to break up the siege of jerusalem/ Also it is a comune feign that this gerebertus by certain craft of the stars/ died ghete an heed that spoke not/ but when me asked of him and said naught but sooth/ That heed warned gerebertus that he should be pope/ and that he should never die oer he ●ad song a mass in Ierlm/ but he was not ware that in Rome was a church that hete / there the pope singith mass three sundays in the year in the station time/ In that church he arrayed him to mass on one of these sundays/ and was taken with strength of sickness/ and lay seek in his bed/ and counseylled with his image/ and knew that he was beguiled and was war of his oundeth/ he sent for the cardyvals and knowleched his evil deeds/ and wept full sore/ And as it were a wood man for sorrow of his sins/ he made men kytte himself lymmele· and throw out his limbs/ and said let him have thoffice of the limbs that asked homage of hem & let the spirit go to god that made it of of naught/ Marinell/ Than he bade do the stoke of the body upon a cart and bury it where the beestes would abide/ & ●o it was done Than the beestes steynte at saint iohans the loran and he is buried there in token that his sins were foryeven/ his grave bodethe and warneth if the pope shall son die/ And that by stering and rustling of the bones that be therynne/ & by sweting of the tomb as it is yet there wreton in lettres of latyn/   

¶ Capitulum 15  
HVgh Capett king of west France died after that he had reigned ix/ year/ his son Robert was king after him/ that he had bygoten on the elder Edward'S daughter king of englond This robert reigned about thyrtty year/ in his time a ●elygyous pylgrym came out of  in to Scicilia/ & lerued of one that was closed that deed/ mē●es souls for dyus sins & trespasses be tormented in vulcanus crokke/ he that was closed told that he had herd oft the voys & the grysbyting of thilk souls that be delivered by prayers and almesdedes of crysten men & namely of monks of cluny/ Therefore odyle abbot of cluny when he was war thereof/ he ordained to have mind and memory for 'em that been deed/ And that the morrow after all hallow day/ That manner of usage and doing/ passed afterward in to all the world/ Also this robert was a cunning man of science/ & would in high festes of saints in some abbey of his kingdom/ sing owther bear a coop and rule the quere/ ¶ One's at aurelyans in saint Anians day he had left his host about a castle/ that he besieged & bore a coop in the quere/ and sange thrice agnus dei kneeling on the ground/ then the same time the walls of the castle/ that was besyeged fill suddenly to the ground/ This is that robert that made that sequence/ Sancti spiritus assit nobis gracia/ that is the grace of the holy ghost be with us/ Also he made the response on mydwynter even/ judea &  nolite timere/ that is jewry and Ierlm have you no will to dread/ as who says/ dread now right naught/ Also that year develing a cyte of an Archebisshops see of Irlond was destroyed by Scots/ & the navy of denmarch went in to normandye/ & king egelredus destroyed Combrelande and the ylande mon/ that hete Anglesya/ & is by north wales/ saint Iuo the bishops body is found// W/ de p/ libro quarto/ This ivo of the nation of perses forsook the liking of this world & passed by many lands in a churls wede with three fellows and no moo and ended his life in the isle of ramsey His name & his grave was long time unknown to men of that country/ but this Iuo appeared to a simple man & informed him of his name and of his degree/ & charged him that he should go to thabbot of ramesey for they should go yfere & take up his body out of the earth/ when that was done an heeleful well for all manner sickness sprung out of his grave/ So that yet uneath in all englond is any saint that would lyghtlyer here a man's bone and help him in deed/ That year king egelredus wedded emma the flower of normandy/ the daughter of the first Richard duke of of normandy/ and was proud therefore/ and sent lettres in to the cities of englond/ and he commanded/ & hete to sle all the danes in one night/ And so it was done on saint bricius night/ Also that year was the abbey founded at burton upon trent of a great man called wulrycus spoite/ After the thyrdde otho the first henry that was cleped mild was emperor/ xvij/ year/ him crowned tharchebisshop of magonce/ And here take heed that more henries were kings than emperors/ therefore when me redyth the first henry/ the second owther the third by cause of likeness of the said name/ he is the first o●ther the second in thempire/ the same shall be understanden of Conrades and othones emperors that so hete/ This first henry lived clean maid with his wyf/ the/ xv●ij iohn was pope six months/ Suanus king of danes heard t●ll that danes were privily slain/ in the cities of englond/ & come with a great navy and landed in corn wail/ there by treason of a norman earl hugh that the queen Emma had made lord of Devenshire suanus took excetre and destroyed the walls/ But the westsaxons come manely against him/ but as oft as the hosts neyhed together the capitain of englyssmen/ Edricus a false traitor feigned for to spew/ and said that he was seek/ therefore Englysshemen were discomforted/ and king swanus rob wylton and shirburn and went to his ships again/ and come to nor which the next yrre after & destroyed the countray and set Te●ford a fire/ when duke usketel was war thereof/ he sent to men of the country/ that they should brenne the ships of their enemies/ But they made it as they wrought not owther dared not/ Thenne the duke come with all that he might and gave the danes a well hard and sharp battle/ But for that year was strong hunger in England/ king Suanus turned again to denmarche/ and come the next year after in to englonde again/ The nyntenthe iohn was pope five year/ ¶ This year Elphegus bishop of wynchestre was made Archebisshop of Caunterbury when wulrycus tharchebisshop was deed/ ¶ There after in the month of juyll/ the naveye of danes landed at Sandwyche/ and spoylled and Rob kente and Southsex & travailed the host of englond with many manner deceits & wiles/ now spoylling/ and robbing/ & now turning home again Three fellows followed 'em alway robbing slaying & brenning/ For king egelredus woned than at shro●sbury & might not anon put of the danes/ ere they had destroyed barokshire/ Therefore Egelredus by counseylle of lords paid to the danes tribute thyrtty thousand pound for to have peace/ ¶ That year he made Edricus the traitor duke of mercia/ Edrycus was low of kin Rich of tongue/ falls/ and deceivable of wit/ soft and fair of speech/ untrusty and false of thought/ ¶ The thyrdde Sergius was pope three year/ Henricus/ li/ 6/ ¶ Turkyllus an earl of the danes come a land in kente/ And caunterbury men yane him a thousand pound for to have peace/ And the danes went in to the isle of wight and took prays there/ ¶ As oft as the king went forth for to fight against them/ earl Edrycus counseyled that he should yeve 'em no battle/ ¶ Therefore that year the danes were made full rich and destroyed almost half englond from northampton to the isle of wight/   

¶ Capitulum 16  
About saint matheus feste the danes besieged Caunterbery and the twenty day of the siege the cyte was taken/ and set on fire/ and that by tresonne of Almarus the deacon/ that saint Elphegus had before saved from death/ Thabbot of saint Austyns was suffered for to go his way/ crystes flock were tithed/ the/ ix/ were slain/ & the/ x/ was kept/ of hem that were slain/ somme were slain with iron/ and some thrown down from high places/ somme hanged by the privy members & some drawn by the here/ Among the which Elphegus the Bishop was taken and bound seven months/ & grieved and despised with many manner pains/ Therefore god's wrath fell upon the people/ that slough so men/ that sorrow of her bowels slough & destroyed of 'em/ now by/ x/ now by/ xx/ & so a great number/ than the danes were warned by crysten men that they should do the bishops gre/ but they dyfferted it & abide therewith/ for on Easter even they gaf the bishop choice whether he would pay three thousand pond owther lose his life/ he forsook at her profre/ & prayed meekly his crysten men/ and forbade them highly that none of hem should pay for his ransom/ therefore the danes were wroth and keen and the next saturday after the danes were wine drunken/ & led out the bishop and slough him with stones and with rotherens bones/ That Sabbath fell twelve days before maij/ when the bishop was deed he was not buried till on the morn/ when a dry tree was touched with a drop of the blood it wax green again/ Than the next day after his body was brought to london/ and buried worshipfully in saint paulus church/ But afterward by grant of kanutus king of danes he was brought all hoole in body to his own church/ ¶ W/ de/ r/ li/ 2/ After that this Alphegus had taken monks habit at dirhust/ he lived as an Anchor at bathe/ and gathered there monks afterward and as it fallyth oft in agreete college/ these monks drough 'em all to evil manner of doing/ For unwitting the father somme of 'em made festes by night in outrage and in drinking to the day light/ But the banyour of this evil doing/ fell deed by wretch of god in the myddel of the house that they drank in/ The father was war thereof by noys that he heard/ and come to the window and saw twey fendes bete that body/ and the wretch axed help Nay said the fendes/ thou were not obedient to god/ so we shall not be obedient to thee/ On a time saint andrew/ appeared to dunstan & by counsel of saint andrew alphegus was made bishop of wynchestre and eat never flesh/ but he was seek/ By night ●e would beguile his wardeyns and stand in the water to the gyrdel stead/ and worship god and pray him to the day light/ when he had be bishop of wynchestre two and twenty year/ he was made Archebisshop of Caunterbury against his will/ But as he went to Rome for the pall/ he was rob in a street of all that he had/ therefore god took wretch of that street/ so that the street wax on fire/ than the men of that street knowheched her trespaas and restored again all that was his/ Than they saw that the fire was quenched atte prayer of saint elphegus/ ¶ Marianus/ ¶ After Sergyus the eighteenth benet was pope twelve year/ Of him peter damianus saith/ that a bishop saw him sit on a blac horse grievously tormented/ therefore he prayed the Bishop that see that sight that he should go to his successor the/ xx/ iohan/ and pray him to do alms deed for him of the money that was in such a chest/ For all that was deled for him before/ stood him in no stead/ For it was of theft and robbery/ so it was done and than that bishop went in to an Abbay/ This year twey days before october the see overflowed and passed the clives and dreynt many men and towns/ Henricus libro sexto/ Suanus king of danes sailed about eestenglond that containeth northfolk/ and southfolk/ and come with his navey in to humbre/ and passed forth by the river trent to geynil burgh·s than the men that dwelled by/ the north Watling street swar/ fewte to him & bytoke him pledges/ & he bitoke his navey and these pledges to his son canutus/ cs he went to destroy south mercia/ and slough the men and kept the women to fleshly liking of him/ and his men/ Than he took oxenford and wynchestre/ but as he went toward london and sought no bridge he lost many of his men in the river of Temse. But by presence of king Egelredus he was put of at london and went and wan westsaxon/ the londoners went and saw that/ and sent him pledges/ than the king was abashed and sent his wyf Emma to her brother the second Richard duke of normandy/ and sent with her his twey sons and the bishop of l●ndon/ In the mean time hyder and thither at wight he held so his mydwynter tide. Atte last he was without cataylle and comfort/ and sailed in to normandy/ than king Suanus was the more proud/ and to each own damnation be challenged greet tribute of saint edmunds the martyrs cyte & menaced that but the tribute were paid he would slay the men & set the cyte on fire/ Also he despised and scorned saint edmond with all that he couth/ But when even come he was stykked with saint edmondes sword in the myddel of his own knights/ at town of geynisburgh amnd cried in the departing of day and night/ and died the third day of Februar/ His son canutus saw that and did myldly with saint edmond and made a dyche about saint Edmund's land and granted him freedom/ and discharged the place of all manner service/ and build a church over the martyrs body/ and ordained there monks and gave 'em money lands and rents/ thereafter it was used that kings of englonde sent her crowns to saint Edmond/ and if they would use or were 'em afterward they should pay therefore moche money and have 'em ayene ¶ The collectors of tribute that were full cruel in other places of englonde there be mild and easy and soft pl●tynges on this half saint edmondes dyche/   

Capitulum 17/  
When Suanus was deed the danes made his son canutus king/ But the englysshmen sent in to normandy to king Egelredus/ & promised if he would be more goodly to hem than he was wont/ hem were liefer to put aweye Canutus and take him to king/ he assented to the profre/ and sent his son● edward before for to stable the peace/ thereafter about lente time/ the king come with great speed/ and droof canutus out of lyndesey/ Thenne canutus took him to rede for foe flee at Sandwyche in kente/ he made kytte of hands and noses of all the Englysshe pledges that were delivered to his father sometime/ & falled ayene in to deumarche/ and come ayene the next year after/ ¶ This year Canutus sailed about eestenglond and took prays in the south country/ The noble knight edmund yrensyde came manly against him/ But edmond withdrew him when he was ware of Edricus treason/ Edrycus gave him/ and his to canutus/  
The westsaxons saw that/ and delivered him pledges/ and died the same/ King egelredus died at london eight days bifore maij/ and was buried in paul's church/ After his death bishops abbots and lords of the land forsook his issue/ and progeny/ and knouleched at Southampton/ that Canutus should be her king/ and he swore that he would be to hem a true lord both to god ward and to the world/ ¶ But the londoners and many of the lords made her king edmund yrensyde/ And anon he made the westsaxons subgette/ somme for dread/ and some by her own good will/ In the mean time canutus bysieged london/ but be was put of their/ & he fought with edmonde in dorsette besides gyllyngham & was overcomen there/ Thereafter after the myddel of the summer Edmond with a greet host fought more sharply with canutus in the province of wiccyes/ that is the province of wircetre/ then they fought so strongly that either host/ withdrew 'em from other for/ pure weariness/ Alfred/ and marianus/ But the morrow Edmond had overcome the danes/ ne had the falls Edrycus showed a knights heed that was most like to king edmond/ Edrycus showed that heed & said/ flee englysshmen/ loo here is the heed of Edmond your king/ but when edmonde was ware thereof/ be laid one more sharply and faster and fought unto night/ ¶ By night canutus went to london ward/ But Edmonde followed after/ and saved the cyte and passed temse/ the third time/ and overcome the danes at brentford/ Than duke Edrycus swar fewte to king Edmond/ yet the fifth time when the danes rob and reaved & took prays/ edmond overcome 'em at okeford in kente and chased 'em unto the island of shepeheye/ Thenne while Edward turned in to westsaxon Canutus took prays in mercia/ therefore edmond met him upon asshdon/ there was strong fighting on either side/ Duc Edrycus saw the danes downward/ and fled as a traitor should/ so that many noble men were slain on edmondes side/ there was slain the bishop of lincoln and the Abbot of Ramesey that were come to pray for the knight/ Than by counsel of Edrycus peace was made between the kings/ and pledges taken on either side/ ¶ At Durhurst upon the brynk of Severn/ the peace was made in this manner/ One of the knights stood up in the myddel of the host/ & said alway we die/ no man hath the victory/ Edmond may not be overcome for his grece strength/ Canutus may not be overcome for favour of fortune/ But what shall be the fruit of this contynuel stryf/ but when the knights he slain on either side/ than the dukes compelled by need shall acord· owther certainly they shall fight without knights alone/ either with other/ Than why do they not now one of these twain/ If they accord why is not the kingdom now more sufficient for 'em twain/ that was sometime enough for five/ If her covetise of lordship is so great that either hath indygnation to take and have part with other/ owther to be under/ than late hem fight alone/ that will be lords alone/ jest if all men fight all men be slain/ and so should leave no knights under the heestes of dukes/ nowther to defend the king against strange alyenes'/ Thenne the dukes with her hosts come together atte island of olneye besides Gloucestre/ there all men cried owther they should accord/ or fight a● one/ Than both the kings come together in middel of the island & the people stood/ & beheld on either side/ The kings fought first on horse/ and than on foot/ There canutus espied that Edmonde might not be overcome and acorded to be partyner of the kingdom/ and they threw away her wepens and kissed either other Thenne all men wondered/ and were ioyeful thereof/ when this was done the traitor Edrycus desired to make himself leave Canutus/ And at oxenford when edmonde was at pryny to cleanse his womb/ as need of kind axeth/ Edrycus was privily hid under the place/ and stykked the king upward/ that sat on the siege/ And than edrycus went to canutus and said hail king aloone/ when the king knew how it stood/ he said to Edrycus/ For thou trowest to please me with such manner service/ and hast slain the best body of the world/ I shall arerethyn heed above all the lords of englond/ Than anon Edrycus heed was smitten of/ and set above the highest gate of london/  
¶ R But some stories say/ and specially marianus/ that Edmond died not in that manner/ But after that the accord was made/ and stabled between the kings/ and the kingdom deled between hem twain/ Edmond died at london about saint andrews tide/ & was buried at glastembury with his grauntsir edgar/ That seemeth soothe/ For comune chronics tellen/ that after edmundus death/ Canutus gave mercia to the falls Edrycus/ and exiled edmundes brother/ by his counseylle and died many other deeds/ and that might not stand/ if he had beheaded Edrycus before/   

¶ Capitulum 18/  
CAnutus the dane was made king alone when edmond was deed/ and reigned about nynten year/ he deled the king of Englond in four/ and assigned westsaxon to himself/ Eeste englond that containeth northfolk/ and Southfolk to th'earl turkyllus/ Mercia to the falls Edricus/ and northumberlond to hyricius/ Than he made a counseylle at london and axed of the lords/ if any mention was made in thaccord between him and edmond/ that edmundes' brethren owther his children should be kings after his death/ They answered full falsely and flateryngly & said nay/ Also they swar that they would in all wise put of edmondes kin/ They trowed thereby to be greet with the king afterword/ Therefore some of them were slain by gods rightful doom/ and some banished and exiled and put out of the land/ By counseylle of Edrycus/ the king exiled edmondes brother that was cleped king of churls/ But he was afterward gylefully reconciled and slain by/ tresonne of his own men/ but king canutus dread/ and was ashamed to sle edmonds sons edmond and Edward/ and by counsel of Edrycus he sent 'em to the king swanus/ for he should slay hem/ but he dread god and sent 'em further to Solomon king of hongary to save her life/ And edmond wedded that kings daughter/ & died son after without children/ But Edward wedded Agath/ henry the emperors daughter/ and bygate on her Margarete that was afterward queen of Sco●lande/ and Crystyne a nun/ & Edgar adelyng/ Henricus libro sexto/ This name adelyng is made of twey saxon words/ Ade● that is noble/ and ling that is an image/ than adeling is as it were a noble image/ Therefore the westsaxons have in a proverb/ of great despite/ underling/ that is he that is put out of honest/ owther an image that goth bakwarde/ The holy king edwarde was afterward in purpo●s to make this Edgar heir of Englond/ but he dread goodwynes sons/ and the shrewdness of his own men/ and made wiliam norman his son adoptinus/ Willelmus de regibus libro secundo/ ¶ In the month of juyll king Canutus wedded Emma the queen/ for he would be the more sure of England/ and bygate on her a son called hardeknutus/ After that at london the falls Edrycus despised the benefice that him was yeven/ and the king bade slay him right there in his own palace/ and bade throw the body besides the walls in to Temse/ ¶ In that he was war/ that Edrycus should not bytraye him by fraud and by treasonne/ he exiled some other lords/ But he loved earl leofrycus alway afterward/ ¶ After this· he made a parliament at oxenforde/ there Englysshmen and danes were acorded for to hold king edgars laws/ Henricus libro sexto/ That year Canutus went in to denmarck/ and had with him Englysshmen against the wandales that werred upon him/ The night before the battle duke goodwin and englysshmen come unware upon the enemies and dysparpled hem/ and chased 'em unwitting the king/ therefore the king died englissh men great worship from that time forward/ and come ayene that year in to England ¶ This year Alduinus bishop of lyndeffarn was deed/ Than the see was wide about three year/ & there was made a synod for the election of the bishop/ there come Edmonde the priest & said in his game/ why cheese you not me/ Some took not his game in game/ but they ordeygned for to fast three days for the same cause For they would wit saint cuthbertus will Thenne when the priest was atte mass a voys swooned twice out of saint Cuthberts' tomb/ and said that Edmond should be his bishop/ ¶ Also this year fallen that wonder in Saxon in saint magnus the martyrs church/ There fyften men/ and three women led a dance in the chircheyerde on a crystemas night And the priest of the church was wroth/ and prayed of wretch/ and said in this manner/ God grant by the prayer of saint magne the martyr that you be so dyseaced/ and lede in this manner the dance all the year long/ and so it was done/ For when that year was passed the same cristemasse a twellyf month they led the dance in snow up to the sides/ and had nowther eat ne drunk/ nowther slept till they were delivered by the prayer of saint Cuthbert bishop of Colon/ when they were drawn up of the earth/ they laid hem self before the altar/ thenne some of 'em died anon/ and some were kept alive/ and showed on themself the great deeds of god/ One of thilk women was the same priests daughter/ that prayed this wretch/ her own brother would have drawn her out of the dance/ but she brayed to him her arm/ and led forth the dance never the latter with the other all that year/ ¶ Willelmus do pontificibus libro primo/ ¶ About this time bryghtwold monk of Glastenbury that was afterward the first bishop of wylton/ was in his contemplation/ and thought on the kings lineage of Englyssh men/ that lineage was than nigh all destroyed/ And so this monk fill on sleep/ and saw saint peter the apostle held by the hand edwarde/ Egelredus's son in normandye that was then exiled out of englond/ and he saw petre sacre this Edward & made him king and showed atte full/ how holy this Edward should be/ and how he should regne three and twenty year/ Also this monk asked and made question of Edwardes offspring and who should be kings afterward/ Peter answered and said/ the kingdom of Englysshmen is god's kingdom/ and after this god shall ordain and purvey/ Henricus libro sexto/ ¶ About this time an holy man warned englysshmen/ that a lord that they thought not on/ should come out of France/ & gbrine hem right low/ and told other things as it is said in the end of the first book/ ¶ Willelmus de Re/ libro secundo This year egelnotus Archebisshop of Caunterbury pleased king Canutus in goodness by authority of hoolynesse/ And f●red him in his excess/ and brought saint elphegus body out of london to his own church/ ¶ There after as he came from Rome at Papye/ he bought saint anstyns the doctors arm for an Cli of silver/ and a talente of gold/ he sent that arm to coventre for love of leof●ycus/ This year died the first henry Emperor of Almaigne/ After him the first Conradus reigned/ xv/ year/ He ordained that who so ever broke the law of the land should lose his heed/ Thenne the first that trespa●ed against th ordinance was earl lupoldus/ Thenne he dradde full sore/ and fled in to wilderness/ he and his wyf/ On a time Conradus come thither for to hunt/ and heard sleeping in his bed a voice that spoke to him twice and said/ the earl heremytes child. that now is born newly/ shall wed thy daughter/ and shall be thine heir/ Therefore he had indignation and commanded to bring the child's heart/ But the messengers dread god and threw the child a live in a wood/ And brought to the king the heart of an hare/ son after it happened that one duke harry passed therforth/ & heard the child weep/ and sent him to norysshing to his own wyf/ that was bareyn/ and named him harry by his own name When the chykde come to age/ Conradus the king beheld him oft time/ and bythoughte him full oft that he was warned sometime/ and kept the child with him/ But he that was held the child's father withsayde it alway/ Themperour by himself bythought him full oft/ how he might destroy this child/ Therefore he sent this child to thempress/ with lettres wreton in this manner/ when the lettres were red/ the child should die the same day/ the child was lodged on a night with a priest/ that red the child's lettres/ when the child was a sleep/ and for this word should die/ the priest written should wed our douhter/ and so it was done/ And though themperour was evil paid therefore he bythought him that the child was a gentle earls son and took it the lyghtlyer/ And build an abbaye in the place of wilderness there the child was born/ The Abbaye is called ursania/   

¶ Capitulum 19/  
ALso this year died the second Rycharde/ the fourth duke of normandy/ ¶ After him his son the third rychard was duke of normandy·s After one year of the ducherye/ his younger brother Robert slough him/ with venom/ and was duke after him/ But after the seven year of his duchery/ he was sorry for his broders' death and went on pilgrimage/ barfote to jerusalem and died in Bithynia/ Of him it is saide/ that he was mighty and polytique/ in batayle/ large & free of yefts and of meet and drink/ ¶ On a time it happened at a great fist that knights offered at mass/ but one of 'em offered not/ The duke trowed therefore that he had not that he might offer/ and bad yeve him an C/ pound/ he laid 'em holy upon the altar/ Me axed him why he did so/ for it was yeven me for to offer said the knight/ The duke herd that and yaf him another hundred pound to his own use/ ¶ On another time the same duke pleyed atte chess/ & him was yeven a golden Just/ wonderly feyre arrayed with pearls & with precious stones/ and he yaf it anon to the clerk that pleyed with him atte chess/ & the clerk died anon/ Phiscians' told the cause and said/ that right as the heart closeth for great sorrow and is cause of death but the heart be the sooner opened/ ¶ Also for great joy the heart openeth and is cause of death/ But it be the sooner closed/ ¶ Also on a time one brought to Duc Robert twey well fair knives/ and anon he bad yeve him an hundred pound/ ¶ And while he told the money/ were tweye gentle horses yeven to the Duc/ ¶ The Duc yaf hem anon to him that yaf him the knives/ When he had received all this he sped him fast his way/ lest some let might have fallen In the mean time the duke was given acup of seluer that was a ●essel to bear in fruit/ ¶ Than he was sought that brought the knives and might not be founden/ ¶ Than the Duc made great moon and said/ that he had received a simple reward that brought him the knives/ ¶ Me saide of this Robert/ that all that me yafe him/ but it were such a yefte that should be eten/ he would yeve it to him/ that yafe him the first worshipful yefte that day/ willelmus de Re/ libro 2/ This Robert on a time passed by phalesya a cyte of normandye. & saw a ma●den called Arlett by her name a skynners' daughter dance among other/ & had her to his bed at night & held her somdele long time in stead of his wyf/ & bygat on her wilian the conqueror/ a sweven that his mother met signefyed how great he should be/ for she met that her bowels were sprad in to all englond & normandy/ Also when the child was born it happened that he touched the ground & took both his hands full of the powder of the pament & constrained his ●andes & held fast the powder/ therefore the mydwyf told that the child should be a king the first night that this mayd● arlett was brought to the duke's bed/ she to rent her owen smok fro the chin to the feet/ The duke axed why she did so/ It is neither skill ne courtesy said she that the hem of my smok that hath byclipped my feet/ should be turned toward my lords mouth Than duke Robert went to Ierlm and had together all the lords of his land at Fiseanum and made 'em swear feuty to his son william that was though seven year old & ordained earl Gilbert the child's tutor & ordained the tutor to be maintained by the king of France/ they held their obeisance to the child till duke robert was deed/ But when they herd of duke Robertus's death/ every of them took heed to himself and wrought not of the child/ Atte last this Gilbert was slain of one Rauf that was the chyldes' uncle/ There was fighting and man slaughter the country was foul faren with/ with strif that men had among 'em self/ but william was young in arms/ and one Guye a Bourgyon/ was cause and maker of all that strif/ and treason the which Gye was williams kynnesman of the second Richard's daughter But william took him and did him to death/ ¶ And Odo the kings brother of France come against willyam/ but willyam/ had the maystrye and chased Odo/ and made him fle●/ henry the king of France herd thereof and came with a great multitude and was despitously and foully chased/ ¶ But mediators went between and made peace/ And the kings men of france were delivered that were taken prisoners./ ¶ Here take great heed that wylliam fought oft with the king of France/ but never suddenly as our men do now a days/ ¶ But the day of batayle should be set/ and he had ever the victory/ Than when the king of France was dead/ he took manly the lands of Normandy thaugh the lands were long time absolute/ that by the count of canovic/ & litil bretayn/ that king charles had yeven to rollo with his daughter gilla/ this willmm won it manly/ harold an english man was in that batayle asit shall be said with in/ Duc whert went to Ierlm & passed by borgoyne/ there as he went out of the gate/ the porter smote him with a staff/ anon he thanked god & forbade his men & charged that none of hem should take wretch of that deed for I am said he well worthy to have more harm I love said he this stroke more than all Rothomage/ Than he came for to take the cross of the pope/ and did his noble pall about the image of the great Constantyne and scorned there with the Romayns that would namely once a year yeve their lord a cloth Also he made to shoe his mule with gold that he road on/ and forbade all his men that they should not take up the shoes/ when they were fallen/ Also he came by themperour of constantinople & while he spoke with themperour he saw no bench in all the house and sat him down upon his own pall in the manner of his own countrey· and his knights did the same/ And as the duke bad they left their palace there/ when they arysen/ and said that they should not take away her benches/ the duke was prayed of the emperor to take money for his cost by the way and he answered and said that he would in pilgrimage live by his own/ But when he came again he would do the emperors will/ than the king forbade that no man should sell him fuel to sethe his meet therewith/ than the duke bought notes and sethed his meet there with/ the king wondered of the dukes manhede/ and made benches in his court afterward in stead of the foresaid palles/ hereafter the duke eveled so in the weigh that he might neither go ne ride/ therefore he hired pour sarasyns that should bear him by day/ in a litere on her shoulders/ and charged a norman that went again in to normandy/ that to the normans that would ask tidings of the duke/ he should tell that he had seen fendes bear the duke to heaven ward/ he called the sarsynes fendes/ and the holy land heaven/ Than it was used that no crysten man should come within the holy Cyte with out great hire/ ¶ Than many men herd of this dukes coming and came to him and prayed him of help and he swore by the heart of his womb/ that while he had one penny/ he would be the last that should entre/ That noble Sarsyn the lord of the cyte heard thereof and had also herd of this Dukes other manly deeds/ and forbade anon that nothing should be taken of him nowther of any man that come in his company and charged and commanded also to yeve to the duke all the offering of a day/ He received the offering & yaf it anon to poor men and died son after in Bithynia as it is before said   

¶ Capitulum 20  
AFter Benet. the xx john was pope ix year/ Al●o this time Maryanus the Scotte was/ born/ by his labour/ this chronic is much enhanced/ Maryanus/ The Norganes that is to say men of norewey forsook eft their holy king olaws for his symplenesse/ and took canutus in his stead/ and he was cursidly slain/ the fourth year after/ ¶ Robert king of France is deed/ his son hugh was king after him/ ¶ Also that year canutus went out of denmark/ to Rome/ and gave large gifts to saint peter/ and made there the school of Saxons free of all manner tribute/ and yaf large Alms/ and great in his coming again toward englond/ and paid great raunsonne for passage of pylgryms in many places/ And purchased that the ways were opened that were closed and procured the pope to relece the price and the payment that prymates of his kingdom were wont to yeve and pay for to have the pall/ Of all these deeds they sent a letter to the lords of England & and charged 'em that they should before his coming amend all trespasses and defaults/ · After johan the ninth Benette was pope eight year/ but this benet was put out of the poperyche & another that was called Syluestre was put in his stead/ But this Silvester was put out and Benet was restored again But yet this benet was eft put out again/ and johan Arch pretour of saint johns' place that is called ante portam latinam was made pope/ Inner more this johan is called the sixt gregory/ This benet for he was boisterous of lettrure/ when he had the poperyche/ he ordained another pope for thoffy●e of holy church/ That manner of doing displeased many men/ Therefore the third was brought in/ that should do thoffice for hem both And so one stroofe against twain/ and twain against one for the poperyche/ Thenne henry themperour that had wedded conradus daughter/ and was his successor put out these pope's/ and brought in by strength the bishop of ramberge that was called the second clement/ ¶ Of him this henry was crowned/ also this henry compelled the Romans to swear that they should never ch●se pope without his assent/ But this Benet after his death appeared to a man in the likeness of a wonder shape● beeste/ with an ass tail and with a beeres heed & seid that he apeyred so right as he was while he was alive/ This year died robert duke of normandy in his pilgrimage/ after him his young son wiliam was duke/ of the which wiliam it is said ●●fore/ Marinell/ This year canutus a little before he died one suanne king over the norganes/ this suanus was held the son of canutus and of Elgyna of hampton/ ¶ Some men said that this elgyna might conceive no child by the king & therefore she took this suanus when he was new born/ of a preestes wyf and laid herself down/ as it were in childebedde/ and the child by her/ and beguiled king canutus/ and brought him in wit that it was sooth/ ¶ Canutus made his son & Emme son hardeknutus king over the danes/ king canutus died at Septon that is shaftesbury/ & is buried at wynchestre in the old abbey/ ¶ Henricus libro sexto/ Me spekyth of three great deeds that he did/ the first that he married his daughter to themperour Conradus. The second that he went nobly to Rome/ and come again and brought with him a greet deal of our lords cross/ the third that he set his seat on the see strand while the see was flowing and commanded and charged the see should not come upon his land and that the see should not weet his lords clotheses ¶/ But the see came up as it was wont by his own kind/ and wet the kings thighs/ Than the king start away and said/ All men shall wite and know/ that the power & might of kings/ is vain & vanity/ & that none is worthy to have the name of king but he that hath all thing subgette to his laws/ And this king canutus never bore crown upon his heed after that time/ but he set the crown upon the crucifyx heed/ at wynchestre/ when Canutus was deed/ than was made great stryf at oxenford/ who should be king and his successor/ For leofrycus consul of chestre/ and other lords of the northsyde of temse/ and the londoners also took harold harefote that was held the son of Canutus & of Elgyna hampton/ and made him king/ though Goodwin made him busy for Canutus/ Marianus/ Somme men sayen that this harolt was a souters son/ and falsely anon he was born brought to the bed of this Elgyna/ and laid by her as thouh she had born him & brought him forth/ Right as suanus was laid by her sometime/ but herald was made king & took fro Emma all the kings riches/ and put her out of Englond/ But the earl of flaundres received her worshipfully/ and died her great favour/ Ethelnotus archebisshop of Caunterbury died/ & seven days after him died ethelricus bishop of winchestre/ he had besily prayed god that he himself should not long live after ethelnotus Than edsius heralds chapelayn was made archebisshop of caunterbury/ & stygandus heralds other priest was made bishop of wynchestre/ Thereafter he took the see of caunterbury wrongfully after edsius/ This herald died at london after the fourth year of his kingdom/ and was buried at wynchestre/ when he was deed/ the lords of the land sent for hardeknutus/ king of Denmark/ that dwelled than in flaundres with his mother/   

¶ Capitulum xij/  
HArdecnutus come in to England/ and reigned three year/ But he died right naught that he was worthy to be praised fore/ for anon he sent alfrycus archebisshop of york with goodwin to london/ & made take up king heralds body/ out of the earth/ & for wretch of the wrongs that herald had done to his mother/ he made smite of heralds heed that was deed before/ & throw the body in to temse/ but afterward fysshers found the body/ & buried it covenably/ Also hardecuntus made to pay to every rower of his navey eight marc of silver of the tribute of th'empire of England/ And put all the rule and governance of his kingdom upon the wit and counsel of Goodwin/ & of his own mother/ when this king put all themperial tribute upon Englysshe men/ twain of the kings mynystres that were assenting to that deed were slain at wyrcetre/ therefore that Cyte was destroyed/ & set on fire/ ¶ Willelmus de re/ li/ 2/ Also this king married his fairest sister gunnylda to harry themperour/ gunnylda was the daughter of Canutus and of Emma/ and was before wooed of many greet wowers in her father's time/ ¶ when she had be long time with her husband/ she was accused of spouse breaking/ Than her nory that she had brought with her out of England put him to fight in that quarrel with him that had told that false tale/ though that tale teller was as great as a geaunt/ they fought to guider/ and gun nyldas' nory carf the false pelours ham/ and had him down· & so by virtue of god he had the maystrye/ than gunnylda began to hep and dance for joy/ and forsook her husband for ever more/ & would never after come in his bed for no man's prayer/ but she took the holy veil and bycam a nun/ Hen/ li/ 6/ & mar/ In this heralds time elfrede/ & edward the sons of king egelredus & of emma after that they had long dwellid in normandye they took with 'em many knights of normandy & come to speak with her mother at wynchestre/ Than goodwin cast to marry his daughter to edward/ as to the sympler & younger of the tweyn & supposed that the elder brother would despise such a marriage/ & goodwin warned the lords of Englond/ & said that it was not sicker that any man should bring in to the land/ so many men of Strange/ & gileful nation/ & therefore they that were coming must pay the pain/ For of. the normans/ that were brought forth/ he slough alway ix/ & kept the tenth/ & yet him thought that the tythyng were to many lefte· and tithed eft the tythynge●/ In this manner he fastened the ends of guts to stakes that were arered and pight in the ground/ and led the lodyes about the stakes till the last ends of the guts come out/ Elfreduc was sent to Ely after his blyndynesse but few days/ When emma heard that she sent her son Edward hastily in normandy/ There after Goodwin was blamed of hardecuntus the king & of other lords for these deeds/ ¶ Thenne he swore that he died never such deeds/ But as he was compelled by strength of king herald/ when Conradus the first was deed/ the second harry that had wedded his daughter was emperor after him/ Of him be wondres red both before & after in this book· he reigned xvij/ year/ he put all mynstrals out of his court/ & gave to poor men all that he was wont to yeve to mynstrals before/ W/ de re/ li/ 2/ Also he had a sister that was a nun/ & loved her so much that he might not suffer her out of his company/ On a time a clerk of the court had lain by her all night unto the morrow tide/ and the earth was healed all with snow/ they took 'em to rede/ And the clerk made her to bear him on her bakk out of the court/ the king aroos to pysse/ and saw that doing/ and held his peace till a bisshopryche was void/ and thenne he gave the clerk that bisshopryche/ & said look that thou never after this ride more upon a woman's rydge/ Thereafter voided an abbaye of menchons/ and he gave it to his sister/ & said take this/ & look thou never bear clerk more riding on thy back/ they were thus espied/ & abstained afterward/ Also on a time this emperor went upon a sunday that is called quinquagesima pryvatly for to bear a mass in a chapel besides a forest· There served right a fowl priest/ therefore the king bythought and wondered in his heart/ why god that is so fair would suffer so foul a creature come nigh/ & handle his sacramentis/ when the verse of the tract was sungen/ S●itote quoniam dominus ipse est deus/ that is wite you that our lord is god/ the priest looked on themperour/ as it were bla●mynge the defaute of his clerc/ and said Ipse fecit nos/ et non ipsi nos/ that is he made us/ and not we ourself/ The Emperor was moved by that saw/ and made that priest a Bishop son after/ This priest made the place and the 'gree honest with good manner of living/ For a rich man had lad away a nun and he departed him from her/ and restored the nun to her abbey again/ And afterward this rich man fill in to sin/ & cursed him with all that come in his company/ & thenne he dwelled in his own orchard to his last sickness/ and thenne he prayed the bishop that he would him assoylle/ the bishop answered/ & said/ if that cursed man will leave that cursed woman/ he shall be assoiled/ and if he will not this day a twelve month the same hour when I shall die/ he shall die and answer for his deeds before the highest god/ and so it was done/ For they died both the same day a twellyf month/ the same king had in his chapel a clerk/ that had great cunning in scripture/ and a fair wis/ but the clerk was lecherous/ the Emperor bade him on a day rede the gospel/ & he would not/ for he had defouled himself with a strompette the night to fore/ then the Emperor said/ owther rede the gospel owther forsake my land/ Anon he trussed his farthels/ and arrayed him for to go/ The Emperor had charged his servants that they should go after him privately/ and if he would be a go/ they should bring him again when that was done the king said to him I am glad of thy goodness/ that thou draddest more god than the losing of thine own country/ and the wrath of heaven more than my menace/ therefore forsake the wood love that thou usyst/ and I shall make the a bishop/ Also while this harry was young in Conradus house/ he took of one a pipe of silver/ such as children use for to play with/ and he promised that clerk a bisshopryche for that pipe/ when he were Emperor/ Atte last he was emperor/ and the clerk asked & had that was promised him/ son after themperour was smitten with a grievous sickness/ so that three days he felt no thing/ nowther tasted meet ne drink/ Atte last by prayers of good men/ that stood about him/ he caught breath/ and sent for the clerk that was so advanced/ and deposed him by doom of counseylle/ and knouleched/ that he was all though three days tormented with fendes/ that cast on him wonder hoot brenning lie/ through the same pipe/ ¶ In comparison of that lie our fire is as it were temperately warm/ But there come a youngling with a golden chalis full of water/ and quenched the same heat with springing of water He said that saint laurence was that youngling/ saint laurences church was all to fall for eld and feebleness/ and defawte of help/ And the emperor had amended the church/ and yeven thereto a chalies/ Marinell/ In this henry's time was great stryf in the church of Rome/ for three men were choose pope's at one's/ And a priest called gracianus gave money/ and had the poperyche/ but this harry came to Rome to cease that stryf/ Gracianus proffered him a crown of gold/ but for all that he was convycte of Simony/ and deposed/ and another made pope/ Also in this emperors time pallas body the Geaunt was founden at Rome hole and sound without rotting with a chin of a wounde-of four foot long and an half/ his body in length passed the height of the walls of Rome/ ¶ At his heed was a lantern brenning that might not be quenched with blast neither with moisture/ ere the eyer can in at a little hole/ that/ was made under the leite/ On his tomb were these two versus wreton/ Pallas evandres son/ whom with his spear turnus/ That knight died to death in his wise lieth here/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro 1/ I trow not that these versus were made in latyn when that geaunt was buried/ though Canrmentus evandres mother had found before lettres of latyn/ But I trow rather/ that they were afterward made of Enyo/ owther of some other poet/ But in time after that the body was bysprongen with water/ it rooted as other bodies do/ and the sinews were fallen and the skin also   

¶ Capitulum/ 22  
AFter Benet the sixte gregory was pope about four year/ & was called gracianus before/ Willelmus de Regibus ¶ This man of great religion & sternesse had a battle sometime with henry themperour Also this found the state of the papacy of rome so to fall that uneath he had aught to himself· & the cardinals for to live by/ but few towns nigh the Cyte/ and the offering of crysten men ¶ The remnant was taken away owther occupied by thieves so farforth that the offerings were taken away from the altars under naked swords other rob in the high streets and ways/ therefore all provinces left of & took not the way to Rome/ because of thieves in the way/ & of other thieves in saint Peter's church/ Gregory saw this and treated with them first soft/ & with fair speech/ but when he saw that helped not/ he cursed all them that died so/ and departed hem from the body of holy church/ and all that were assenting to them that so died/ when the pope saw that/ that halp not but it brought himself in to peril of death/ he written to themperour that he should help holy church/ that was in point to fall/ themperour excused him by the war of wandalia/ and prayed the pope/ that he would in his stead/ & at his cost put to his hand/ therefore the pope gave the doom/ that the iron of cutting must be usid & got him armour & horsemen on every side/ that drofe away first owther slough the thieves that rob the offerings of saint Peter's church/ than the pope gate again the land that he had lost long time/ Thenne the quyrytes that were wont to live by theft and robbery cleped the pope ablodsheder and a man sleer/ And said he was not worthy to do thoffice of the altar/ ¶ So that many of the cardinals were assenting to that meoving/ and deemed that the pope should not be buried in holy church/ In his last sickness he was ware thereof/ & called the cardinals before him/ and he spoke to hem in this man My brethren me wondereth greatly/ that you dame your bishop so rabbyshly I have lived so that I have spent what I had in your prouffyte/ For your deliverance I have forgendered/ & rouht not of the fame of this world/ therefore if other men make such tales on me/ you should still thopinions of fools in a better manner meaning/ thieves had taken aweye your lyflode that I might not suffer/ therefore I warrayed with the thieves/ therefore sith every man's deed shall be deemed by thintent of him that doth the deed/ as the gospel sayth· If thine eye be simple/ that is if thine intent be rightful/ all the body shall be bright and clear/ that is the gathering of thy works/ Sometime I yafe alms to the pour men/ and he showed my benefeite to the thef & to the robber/ therefore he was rob & slain/ Shall I be blamed/ for I ydue alms to the pylgryme/ through which he had his death/ god it forbid for it was covetise of the thief/ that did that cursed deed/ and not my largesse and freedom/ Also in the law the same is blamed and punished and praised for divers intent For the thef that sleeth in hydels. is punished & the knight is praised that sleeth his enemy in battle/ for the first sleeth the man for covetise/ and the second for the salvation of the country Also the first pope Adryan was sometime praised/ for he granted to charles the investiture of prelate's/ now be our Bisshopes praised for they do the contrary/ and taken fro princes such manner power/ Thenne for somme manner causes it was reasonably granted/ that is now reasonably warned and denied/ For than charles soul was not enfecte with covetise/ and the court of rome was far from the ellysers'/ and the prince was nigh & fastby that would right naught do by covetise/ but now covetyce of princes hath shent all/ In this manner may my cause be taken toward either side/ and be apeyred owther helped/ but you say it is not a bishops offyce to shed blood/ nowther to make it to be shed/ I grant/ netheles it fallyth to him/ if he sue the innocent in peryle/ to help and succour him with his tongue/ & with hand/ For ezechyel accused the preestes for they wythstode not ne made a wall for goddess house/ Twey persons be ordained to destroy vices in gods church/ One that whetteth the speech another that beareth the sword/ I take witness of god and of you/ that I armed the tongue against thenemies of holy church/ as long as I might profit/ And him to whom it befalleth to worche with the sword/ I prayed thrice by messengers/ and by lettres that he would come and chastise such manner thieves/ & he written again that he was occupied in the war of wandalia/ and prayed that I would at my travail/ and his cost dystourbe the thieves/ what should I do than when he had put his offyce upon me/ and I saw the sleynge of cyteseyns/ the damage of pylgryms and the meschyef of th● pope and of the cardinals/ And he that spareth the thief/ yeveth cause and occasion why the ryghtful man and innocent is slain/ but one caas you say that it falls not for a priest to shed man's blood/ I grant but if he defowle himself that beareth down the wykled man and saveth the man that is innocent and ryghtful/ and they be blessed that keep rightful doom/ and ryghtwysenes/ Phynees and mathathyas be praised for they stykked 'em through/ that trespassed/ but we shall less suffer our very holy things to be defowled/ than they her mysteries/ that were but shadow in comparison of ours. & zachary the bishop put king osias out/ For he would cense and without dread he would have killed him nadd he had goon his weigh/ and he did him good/ the which it seemed that I slough/ for the longer that the wicked man liveth/ the more he deseruyth of blame and pain/ therefore he that shorteth the life of such one/ lassyth his blame and his pain/ and so he doth for him and yeveth him a benefice/ Trevisa/ Here aware of the devils argument and of gyle/ For be a man never so evil/ yet he may amend while he is a live/ and so died Paul and mary magdalene and many other and so cryst means in the gospel in the ensample of wheat and of cockle that some men call darnel· Than it followeth in the story/ Thenne the pope said that I no wther you be beguiled in this doing/ take my body when I am deed/ and set it before the church doors with out and do that the doors be fast loken and bars/ and if the doors ope not by god's grace and his virtue/ do with my body what you will/ when it was done that the pope desired/ then came a whyrl wind/ and broke up the doors and the bars/ and shufte the body anon/ to the Inner wall of the church/ when this miracle was seen the cardinals & the people buried him in saint Peter's church/ ¶ Also this year at a fist of a spousayle at lambehyth besides london/ while king hardecnutus was hool glad and mury/ and stood and drank/ be fill suddenly down & wax dumb. and died the eight day of Junii/ and was buried with his father at wynchestre/ ¶ Henricus libro sexto/ Me seith he was so large and so free of heart that he would make array kings messes four scythes a day/ for him was liefer that guests should leave relief than ask more meet/ willelmus de re Me sent in to normandy/ that edward should come & be crowned king and pledges were yeven so that he should bring with him but few normans/ then helped Edward's side/ leofrycus. earl of chestre. Goodwin duke of westsaxons and lyvyngus Bishop of wyrcetre/ ¶ R But marianus saith that king hardecnutus had sent before for his brother edward and made him abide with him in his own court/ ¶ Willelmus de re/ & marianus   

¶ Capitulum 23  
THan edward come in to englond and was crowned king at westmynstre of edsius the archebisshop of Caunterbury and reigned about four and twenty year/ This king wedded Godytha/ Goodwyns daughter/ and by lad her by such craft so that he put her not from his bed/ nowther lay by her fleshly/ whether he died it for hate of her meinie/ owther for love of chastity/ I know not for certain/ but that solemn doing is told of him/ that he lived alway without guilt of woman/ This king worshipped not his own mother atte full/ not wther shamed her openly/ but by counsel of goodwin he took of her all the precious things and jewels that she had/ Owther for she had be to hard with him sometime/ owther for she would yeve him right naught/ Also he had to him out of normandy some that were with him familiar there/ for they should be rewarded/ Among the which he took one Robert gemeticus a monk and made him first bishop of london and than Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ The king was simple and died so moche by this Robertes counsel that he awaited his tyme. and outlawed his wives father goodwin and his sons also/ and took fro his own mother all that she had/ and closed her in thabbey. of werwel for suspection that she was to homely with the Bishop of wynchestre/ and prysonned the bishop alwyn/ But emma was easily kept/ and somdele at her large. and written to the Bishops of England/ in the which she had trust of friendship/ And said that it grieved her more the despite that the bishop had than her own shame/ and said that she was ready by gods own doom and by thassay of fire hoot iron/ that the bishop was wrongfully defamed/ Thenne the bishops come together to the king & should have had of the king all that they prayed/ ne had be Robert tharchebisshop of Caunterbury spoke against 'em/ My brethren bishops said Robert/ how dare you defend her that is a wild be'st/ and not a woman/ she hath defamed her own son the king/ and nempned her lecherous leman gods own crist/ But be it/ that the woman would purge the bishop/ But who shall purge the woman that is accused that was assenting to the death of her son Egelredus and procured venom to the poisoning of Edward/ Butler be it that she had authority and power upon the condition of proprete of kind of male owther female/ Yet if she would go barfote for herself four steps/ and for the bishop five steps continuelly upon nine solow shares brenning and fire hoot/ Thenne if she escape harmless over all these steps/ he shall be quytte/ and assoiled of this challenge/ Anon the day of thassay of this purgation was appointed/ till that day come the king and all the lords were there/ out take Robert all one/ but the night before the day of this purgation/ the woman was in her prayers at wynchester at saint Swythytes tomb/ and was comforted there/ Than on the morrow her eyen were hid/ and she passed the fire in hot solowe shares/ and escaped harmless/ ¶ Than the king began to groan and axed mercy and was disciplyned of either bishop/ and of his mother also and than he restored to his mother all that he had taken fro her before/ Thenne Queen Emma yaf saint Swithyne ix manners and the bishop yafe other ix because of the ix solow shares that Emma had over passed/ But Robert bishop of Caunterburye fled in to normandye/ Marianus/ Elfword bishop of london that was sometime abbot of evessham/ wax unsuffisaunt for eld feebleness and sickness to govern and rule so great a bisshopriche and would have be abbot of Euesham ayene/ but the brother of the place would not assent/ Than he took with him books and other things that he owther his successors had yeven to the abbey of Euesham/ and went him to thabbey of Ramesay/ theridamas he died son after/ and was buried there/ ¶ After him came Robert/ I●em Marianus/ king edward gathered a strong navey in the haven of sandewiche/ against harolde harfager king of the Noreganes/ that arrayed him for to come and werr in England but by the betaylle that Suanus king of Danes/ yafe him/ all that purpose was let/ Me saith that in another time king edward lough at mess/ as he was not wont/ they that were present wondered/ and axed why it was/ The Noreganes and the danes said the king/ were accorded for to come & were in Englond/ But when they all were arrayed forto sail one profred 'em a bowl with meed for to drink and prayed 'em in a dispitous name/ but if they would drink/ Than came bowl after bowl and dronkenesse turned into jangling and jangling into stryf and strif into fighting and so they be departed and to shufte a twynne/ And I hope that in my time shall non aliens were in my land/ After grego the x benet was pope/ about two year/ he had bought the poperiche. and therefore harry themperour put him out and brought in the second Clement that died after one year & poppo was pope after him two months This poppo was cleped the second damasius when he was deed the ix lo was pope five year/ The foresaid harrold king of Noreganes was sent to Olaws his brother on the mother side/ He chased Swanus king of denmarche/ and made denmarche subgiet to himself/ king Swanus that was so put out/ axed help of the king of englond/ ¶ And earl Godwyn was assenting/ But other lords counseled Nay/ But king har●old died and Suanus recovered Denmarche again/ This year lyvyngus the bishop of wirceter died & Aldredus was bishop after him/ ¶ This Aldredus had be first/ monk at wynchester and than abbot of tavestok/ great snow fill in the west contreyes of Englond/ So that it broke great trees of the woods and dured from the first day of januar to saint patriques' day After that fallen great pestilence of men/ & death of beestes & lightning forscalded corns/ This year was a bateyle between henri king of France & the lords of Normandy/ For they would not receive william to be duke/ when they were overcome/ Duc william outlawed some of 'em/ and heng some of 'em by the throats/ About that time erlewynus a knight of Normandy forsook the worldly chivalry and byld an abbey at beccum in Normandy that yet is called Becherlewyn/ ¶ Him shamed naught abbot & ruler/ to bear stone and mortar to the work and bake breed and do other works of cleanness and of honest/ God sent him the twey lanterns of the world/ to his help and counseyl lanfranke & Ancelme/ twey men of great clergy and lettrure/ Either of hem was prior in that place/ one after another and afterward Archebisshop of caunterbury/ Marianus This year pope lo and Swanus king of danes·s went with harry themperour against baldwyn earl of Flaundres/ ¶ And Edward the king of englond kept the see with his Navey till themperour had all his will/ ¶ Also this ix pope lo had a wemme in his conscience for the emperor had made him pope somdele by mastrye/ therefore he resygned the poperiche but than he was lawfully choose pope again/ Also this year the thieves of Irland came in to Severn see with help of Griffyn king of wales and took many prays about the river vaga/ In the mean time swanus/ Godwynes elder son/ that had sometime leyne by Edgyna/ the Abbess of leofmonaster/ and cast for to wed her and forsook his wyf therefore he came to Englond/ If he might have grace/ to make his peace with the king/ But in his coming/ he slough earl Beornus that was his Cousin that was about to make his peace with the king/ Than he fled in to flaundres till he was reconciled by help of Aldredus the Archebisshop of york and of worcetre/ Marianus/   

¶ Capitulum 24  
King Edward discharged englysshmen/ of a grievous tribute that his father Egelredus had made pay to the soudyours of denmarck/ and had though dured forty year/ This year died Edsius Archebisshop of caunterbury/ And king edward yafe the Archebisshopryche to his familiar Robert that he had made Bishop of london/ Here after in the month of September Eustacius Earl of Boloyn come a land at dover/ he had wedded goda king Edward'S syster· his knights sought him in Inns unwisely/ and slough one of the Cyteseyns/ and the Cyteseyns' slough one of his knights/ ¶ Willelmus de regibus libro secundo/ and marianus Atte last was strong fighting/ so that the cyteseyns slough twenty men of the earls company. and wounded so many that me couth not tell how many were wounded/ the earl escaped uneath with one fellow/ and came to the king at gloucestre and moved the king grievously against Englysshmen/ Than goodwin earl of kent was sompned to court and y charged that he should with his host take wretch of the wrong that was done to th'earl/ he see that alyenes were allowed with the king and would help to save the Cyteseyns/ and his country men and answered and said that it were reason that the wardeyns of the castle of dover should be sompned/ and if they couth excuse themself they should be harmless/ and else do thearls pleasure with her bodies and catel/ The king seemed that Goodwin set little by his hest/ therefore the lords of the land were called together at Gloucetre and specially leofrycus Earl of mercia and syward Earl of northumberlond for to withstand Goodwin Earl of kente/ and his elder son Suanus and harold also/ For goodwin had gathered a great host at beverston of his countees of kente of southrey and of westsaxon and suanus of his ●●untees of Barokshire of Oxenford shire/ and of Gloucestre shire/ And harold of his countees of eestsex/ of eeste englond and of Huntyngton shire/ Than goodwin was enpeched for he had gathered so great an host/ he answered and said that it was do for to cease the walsshmen/ But the walsshmen made the blame turn against his own heed. Than what little accord that ever was procured/ there was assigned a counsel at london for the same deed/ So that Goodwin and Harold should come to court all unarmed with twelve men/ and no more that they should bytake to the king the knights service that was dew to hem in all englond/ ¶ They said that they might not without weds and pledges come to the counsel of trechours and of gyleful men/ And that they might not without perylle and shame pass by the weigh with so few naked men/ and unarmed/ In the mean time goodwyns knights withdrew them some and somme/ for dread of the kings host/ Thenne it was openly cried by the kings cryours that Goodwin should come to the court in manner as it is said/ owther wide out of Englond within five days/ Therefore goodwin and his three sons Swanus and Tosty and gurth sailed by the Island of thorney in to Flaundres to th'earl baldwyn/ For Suanus had spoused his daughter judytha/ But harold and leofwynus sailed out by brystow in to Irlond/ Algarus leofrycus son took and had heralds count and ruled it nobley and delivered it up to herald with good will/ when Herald was comen again and asked it again when harold was turned to his faders countees/ Therefore king edward in plain parlemente outlawed goodwin and his three sons/ And put his own wyf Godytha the queen in to the abbey of warwe●le without worship with one maid and no moo/ And so the father and the sons were outlawed two year full/ and took prays in the marches of englond and gathered great strength and purposed slily for to fight with the king/ But lords went between/ and so peace was made after two year/ and the queen was brought again/ So that wylnotus Goodwyns son/ and hacun Swanus's son were pledges laid to wed for surety of the peace/ Anon king Edward sent 'em to keeping to wylliam duke of normandye/ During the outelawing Duc William of normandye come with a great multitude in to England/ and had many greet yefts/ and went again in to Normandy/ And Queen Emma the kings mother died/ and was buried at wynchestre/ Also marianus the Scot the year of his age five and twenty forsook the world and went in pilgrimage and was shoren monk at Coloyn a Cyte of Almayn in the Abbay of Scots/  
¶ Willelmus de Pon/ li/ 1 & marianus/ This year Godwyn and all his sons were acorded with king edward/ out take his elder son swanus that was sorry for the death of his Cosyne berinus & went out of flaundres barfoote to jerusalem/ & went out of jerusalem to licia & died for cold that he had taken/ here after the normans that were the kings counselors had yeven him evil counsel and were exiled/ & specially Robert archebisshop of caunterbury/ that had ludder blown his trump against goodwin and englisshmen in that cause/ This robert dread him and would beware of perylle▪ and went to Rome & came again with lettres of the pope/ and died in his abbey called gemmeticum/ After him Stygandus was archebisshop/ he had left the bysshopryche of Shyrborn/ and took by strength the bisshoprich of wynchestre/ This man used feyres of holy church things/ & was a lewd man/ & so were nigh all the bishops of England that time/ but this was a mighty man by money and by flattering/ therefore he was never worthy to have the pall fro Rome though there be great sale that doth many maystries/ W/ de p/ li/ 2 Than was openly song in ways/ that he was not worthy a bisshopryche that could use the brag and the boost of this world/ the use of wodenesse· the courage of gluttony/ the array of clothing/ the far of knights/ and the gathering of horsemen/ and think right little of profit of souls/ If me told 'em that a bishop should be allowed by his holiness and his clergy and not by covetise of money they would answer by this metre/ Nunc aliud tempus/ alij pro tempore mores/ that is now is other time/ and other manners used for the time/ And so they planed the sharpness of the doing with lightness of the answer/ Marianus ¶ That time in Irlande a clerk barbosus was a man of great and wonder religion/ so that he held a great school of clerks of lewdmen and of wenches/ and forshaar the wenches in the same sect and manner of his scholars/ he was put out of Irlond Willelmus de pontificibus libro secundo/ ¶ About that time died saint Alfwold the last Bishop of Shirborn/ he was first monk at wynchestre/ and thenne he was made Bishop/ He used breed and water among all the greet festes/ that were made in England after the coming of the danes/ This man was devout at all points to our lady and saint Cuthbert/ ¶ After his death no man might grieve his see/ but he were punished/ For he should be so feared with blac images in his sleep that he should start/ Also on a time was stryf between him and goodwin the earl and might not be allayed at day of accord that was set/ Than the bishop was wroth and said in his going away/ by saint marry my lady he shall far right evil/ and after that hour goodwin had never rest of gnawing of his bowels till he had the bishops blessing/ On a time this bishop went to Durham and he died a deed that seemed of great hardiness/ For he turned away the heling of the body and spoke to saint Cuthbert as it were to his own friend/ and laid there the yefte of love/ and went forth his way   

¶ Capitulum 25  
AFter lo the second vyctor was pope two year and six months/ He made a synod at florence in ytalye/ and set a down many Bishops for Symonye and fornication/ ¶ Marianus/ ¶ This year Syward the noble duke of northumberlond by commandment of king Edward bore down Scotland with an host of horsemen & with great gadring & chased the king and took malcolyn the king of Combres sons and made him king of Scotland/ but in that battle Sywardes' son was slain/ when his father wyste that he was deed of a wound that he had received before in his body/ and not behind/ though the father was sorry/ for the sons death/ yet he was glad that his son was so herty and so hardy/ That year died Wulsius bishop of lychefeld and leofwynus abbot of Coventre was Bishop after him/ ¶ Also that year at wyndsor the morrow after Easter day/ earl goodwin sat atte kings board/ and it happened that one of the children that served the king came in with the kings cup and stumbled with his one foot and kept himself with that other/ so that he shed naught of the drink/ ¶ Goodwin saw that and lough and said/ now that one brother hath helped that other/ Anon the king answered thereto and said/ So my brother Aluredus would have helped me/ ner goodwin had be/ the earl understood there by that he had spoken more than enough/ and understood the king meaned the bytraing of his brother/ And said to the king Sir as I see it is told to thee/ that I should be about to slay thy brother and to bytraye thee/ so mote I savely swolowe this morsel that I hold in my hand. as I am gyliles of such deeds/ And he was choked anon/ Atte kyngys' commandment harold drough him fro under the board and he was buried at wynchestre/ R/ But Marianus says/ that godwyn sat at to meet by the king at wynchestre and was suddenly take with a sickness on easter monday/ and died the thursday in the easter week/ than godwyns Erldome was yeven to harold/ And heralds' Erldome to Algarus the son of earl leofrycus/ This year king edward sent aldredus bishop of wircetre to the second henry themperour/ praying that he would send lettres to hungary and send thence in to England his Cosynne Edward the son of Edmond Irensyde/ ¶ The king had ordained to make him his heir in englond/ but the thyrdde year after he come in to englonde and dyede at london/ long time rather than the king/ This Edward was the father of margaret queen of Scotland/ and of Edgar adelyng/ But margret had by malcolyn/ david the king of Scotlande and mould the queen of of Englond/ ¶ Marianus/ ¶ This year king edward outlawed Algarus the son of leofrycus withouten guilt/ Anon he was prayed and associate to gryffyn king of wales & destroyed the province of herford and took herford▪ and set the mynster a fire and slough seven canons/ But earl herald pursued 'em that fled and restored herford again and walled it about/ & made her peace that were outlawed with the king/ Item/ Marinell/ Also this year Syward the noble duke of northumberlond died at york on the flyx and was buried in the mynster galmaicho that he had build/ but oer he died he made arm him/ and sat upright and said/ thus it seemeth a knight for to die and not lygging faint as an Ox/ And for his son waltyf was young and lay in his cradel/ his Erldome was yeven to Tosty heralds brother that was theraboute ten year/ Item/ Marinell/ & W/ Also that year herman of Flaundres that was sometime king Edward's priest/ and than bishop of wylton and Ramesbury was at disease for defaute of catayll & prayed the king & had it almost granted for to ordain his see in the abbey of malmesbury/ but the lords of the land would not assent/ Therefore herman was wroth and left the bisshopryche and went over see & took monks habits at saint Bertines and lived so three year & Aldredus bishop of wyrcetre ruled hermen bisshoprich in the men● time/ But as it fallyth oft that they that take religion in such hasty and sudden reeses have no stydfast will and devotion/ For it withdraweth and slaketh atte last/ ¶ After three year herman come in to englond again/ ¶ The man that was wont all his life time to have ●ykyng service and plesing at his will thought full heavy and elenge to leave it in his age/ Also it come to his ere that Goodwin was deed/ that him had withstand/ And also that the Bishop of Shirborn was deed & he had long time thought to oone and join that bisshopryche to his own by old promysses of the queen/ He held long time these Bysshopryc●es so joined with three countries that longed thereto unto the ninth year of wyliam conqueror/ when he passed from Shyrborn to Salesbury/ Willelmus de regibus Also that year the king was at/ a feast and Harold and Tosty pleyed before him/ and harold drough his brother by the hairs/ harder than game would and threw him to the ground and had wearied him with his hands ne he had be the rather delivered out of his claws/ when the king saw that he said that great stryf should be after between though twey brethren/ and that one of 'em should slay that other/ ¶ earl Goodwyns first wyf was king Canutus sister/ on her Goodwin gate on a son that road on an horse unwisely/ and spurred him and the horse threw him in to Temse/ and so he was dreynt/ The mother was smitten with lyghtning and died/ and it was no wonder for s●e took fair wenches and set hem to hoerdom for she would gadre the more riches/ After her death Goodwin wedded another wyf and bygate on her six sons/ Suanns'/ harold/ Tostius/ Wilynotus/ Surth and loofrycus/ how they sped/ it is wret●n before and after in this Cronyk/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo/ About this time a woman at barcley used evil crafts and was at a fist on a day/ Than a crow that she had lykyngly fed and norysshed creked ludder than he was wont The womn n herd that and the knyf fill down of her hand/ & her face wax/ all pale/ than she byganne to sygh and groan & said this day is my solow comen to the last sorrow/ when that was said came in a messagyer that said to the woman that her son was deed and all her meinie/ laid and fallen and deed also/ The woman say seek anon/ and sent for her chylder that she had a live a monk and a Nun/ when the monk and the nun were comen she spoke to hem in this manner/ I am a woman that have used evil craft & evil living/ In vain I hoped to be saved by your beads and prayers/ but now I pray you that you will relieve my torments and pains/ for of the soul the doom is yeven/ On caas you may keep my body/ if it be sewed in hearts leder/ lay it in a trowh of stone & heled it with a lydde of lead fast bound/ and barred with iron/ and bindeth it fast with three yren chains/ make you forty sing psalms by night and as many masses by days. And if I lie so three nights/ the fourth day bury the body in earth/ But all for naught/ for twey the first nights while the psalms were in singing fendes broke up the doors/ and twey the uttermost chains and that wonder lightly/ ¶ The third night about cocks crowing the place all to shaken and one with a grisly face that was high of stature broke up the doors/ and heat the body that it should arise/ I may not said the body for strong bands/ thou shalt be unbound said he/ but to thine own harm/ and anon all that letted was to broken and he took her out of the church/ and set her upon a blac horse that neyhed before the doors and so she went away with loud cries that were heard four mile thennes/ ¶ Though this be wondered/ who that hath red the fourth book of Gregoryes dyalog shall not dame that it might not be trowed/ ¶ Therefore it is wreton that fendes cast out a wicked man that was buried in a church/ and so it fir of Charles marcellus as it is said 〈◊〉   

¶ Capitulum 26  
THe thyrdde henry the second henry's son reigned among Duche men about fifty year/ Sometime he dystourbed holy church/ against pope Hyllebrande/ & he would if he might have put in another pope/ but he was ceesed and went to the holy land with the Duke's Godefr●de/ and Beamund as it shall be said Inner more/ ¶ After Victor the ninth stephen Abbot of mount Cassyn was pope eight months/ he came in by strength and resygned the Papacye afterward/ ¶ Agelrycus Bishop of Durham left his own bisshopryche/ by his own good will/ and went in to thabbey of bourgh/ there he was norysshed and lived/ xij/ year in peace and quiet/ His brother Agelwyn was bishop after him/ Marinell/ Also this year the noble earl leofrycus the son of leoswynus duke of mercia died in his own town Bromley the last day of Nouembre/ and was buried at Coventre in thabbey that he had build/ Sometime by counseyl of god and of his own wyf God gyna/ that worshipped moche our lady. he amended and made rich thabbeys of leonen besides herford/ of wenlok/ of wyrcetre/ and of evesham/ and of twey churches of chestre/ one of saint johan and another of saint werburgh/ while he was on live his wit and his readiness stood in greet stead to the land of Englysshmen/ R ¶ Also at abusy prayer of his wyf he made his town of coventre fire of all manner tolle/ out take the tolle of horses/ For to have that freedom granted his wyf godgyna the countess road naked through the myddel of the town in a morning not covered/ but with her own here/ After the death of leofrycus his son algarus had thearldom of mercia/ but the same year he was convycte of treason and outlawed/ But of gryffyn king of wales he was received as he had been before and reconciled/ W/ de re/ A young Cyteseyn of Rome lucianus by his name a rich man of cataylle and of gold a man of great kin/ He wedded a wyf Eugenya/ because thereof he made a great feest and went in to the field after meet with other men to discharge his stomach/ And this new wedded man for he would play atte ball/ died his spousing ring on the finger of an image/ that was there fast by/ And when he had played and was hoot/ he drough him first out of the game/ and went to fet again his ring/ but he found the images ring y●lyght in to the palm of the hand/ Thenne he bygan to wring and wrest long time/ but he couth not wrest of the ring nowther wretch ne break/ nowther right up the finger/ than he went stylly aweye for his fellows should not wit thereof jest they would scorn him/ cs he were there/ owther take away the ring when he were thennes/ ¶ Thenne he came thither with his servants when it was derk night and found the finger even straight and the ring away and had great wonder/ when it was time he arrayed him to bed with his wyf and felt a dim thing and sad walowe between him and his wyf/ ¶ And that spoke to him and said. lie by me/ and deal with me▪/ For thou hast spoused me this day/ I am the Goddess Venus'/ ¶ Thenne he was sore afered/ and work all the night/ And so it ferde as it wer● every night/ Thenne his wyf pleyned and charged him that he should warn his father and his mother/ And so he died/ Thenne his father and his mother warned pal●mbus the priest of the suburbs that was the greatest Nygromancer that was that time a live/ he received greet meed/ & gave the young man a letter that he should take to him that he met last at night coming against him with a chaar in the meeting of twey ways/ the young man stood in the meeting of twey ways at night and saw a woman sit on a mule arrayed as a strumpet/ and her here abroad with a chaplet of gold/ on her heed and a rod of gold in her hand/ Thenne he took this letter to him that came last riding/ when the letter was red the principale fiend hafe up both hands to heaven and said/ almighty god how long shall the wickedness of palumbes the priest dure/ Anon his knights come to venus to have the ring/ but she wrenched and blenched and stroof long time/ But at last the knights wrist of her the ring and took it to the young man ayene and so he had his will and joy of his love/ that he had long desired/ but palumbus heard the fiend cry of him in to heaven and kytte of his own limbs and knowleched all his tres●aas to the pope in presence and hearing of the people/ Marianus ¶ Aldredus bishop of wyrcetre made saint wulstan prior of wyrceter by leave of the king/ and gave the bisshopryche of wylton to herman that was comen again from beyond see/ & aldredus went over see/ and forth by hungary on pilgrimage to Ierlm ¶ Me redyth of no bishop of englond that so died before that time/ At Coloyn in Almaigne twey abbeys of Scots were brent with their own fire/ ¶ One patronus a monk that was there closed warned 'em of that brenning long time before/ But when the fire was comen/ he would out in no manner wise/ but there he was brent for love of martyrdom/ Trevisa./ ¶ In that doing patronus the monk seemed a lewd ghost that couth not know the cause and circumstances of very martyrdom For there is no veray martyrdom/ but it be for maintaining of troth/ owther for the faith and withstanding of wrong and of sin/ but god grant if it be his will/ that patronus be not dampened for his blind devotion/ ¶ Than it followeth in thistory/ ¶ About that time in the province of Apulea was found an image of marble with an heed of brass/ and had a garland/ in which garland it was wryton/ The first day of maij at son rising/ I shall have an heed of gold/ A Sarasyn that the duke of the longobardes had taken prysonner understood what it meaned & come the first day of maij/ and took heed of the shadow of the image in length and in breed/ & found under the shadow wonder greet treasure/ and paid for his raunsonne/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus/   

¶ Capitulum 27  
When Benet was put out/ the second nycolaus was pope about two year/ In his time holy church in France was greatly destroyed by berengarius archdeacon of Toreyn/ he said that the ooste in the altar is not very crystes body/ but it is a figure thereof/ against him the pope made a counseylle at versel in ytaly of an honderd bishops and thirteen/ in the which counsel berengarius withsayde his error as it is said in decrees de consecracione divi/ 2· Ego berengarius/ But after the pope's death his heresy byganne eft to spring/ Than hyltebrandus the pope determined and gave the doom against his fauctours/ To his errors answered lanfrank· prior of becceus in his book called liber sintillarum/ And specially wymund that was a monk of normandye/ and afterward bishop of Auersan in Apulya/ that was though the most proufyte/ So that Berengarius amended his life at last/ so that some men held him an holy saint/ he expowned the Apocalyps and used meekness and alms deed and voided the sight of women/ and used simple meet and clothe/ and that by thappostles loore/ Hyldebertus bishop of Cenonia in his versus praised him most in this manner/ Of him now wondering/ shall wondre the world evermore This berengarius that died/ shall die no more/ And than thus After death with him/ life bid I in even rest/ No better be my lot/ I pray than is his lot/ Loo here me may see/ how the noble Bishop passed in manner of praising/ But the Rethoryke with his fair speech brekyth out oftyme in that manner/ therefore the poet saith/ Rich speech shedyth out oft well fair reed flowers But among all this take heed/ that though berengarius amended his sentence. yet he might not amend all that he had apeyred with his loore in divers lands/ such it is to a peyr other men by word owther by evil ensample that when his own sin is away yet noyeth it and grieveth other men's sins/ Me saith that the noble bishop of Carnotens/ Fulbertus spoke there of in his latter sickness/ For when he saw Berengarius come to him among other men/ Doth him away said the Bishop for I see a fiend follow him that apeyreth the eyer all about/ Also this Berengarius when he died on a twellifth day/ had mind how many wretches he apeyred/ by his evil loore when he was a young man/ And said/ this day I hope that Cryste will show him to me/ in the day of his own showing/ either for my penance toward bliss/ owther for other that I have apeyred by mine evil loore toward pain/ About this time Mananus the scot was closed in the abbey Fuldence and was there ten year/ when kynsius Archebisshop of york was deed/ Aldredus bishop of wyrcetre was archebisshop after him/ and went t● Rome with Tostius earl of northumberlond for to receive the pall/ but he was found blame worthy in his answer/ & he was prived of all manner worship/ & as he went homeward he was rob of all that he had/ Therefore tostius th'earl went again to Rome and entreated so the pope by skills that he alleged/ that the pope gave Aldredus the Archebisshopryche/ Tostius said that nations of far lands should set right little by the pope's cu●s/ while it was so scorned of thieves that dwelled there nigh. therefore owther aldredus should have his catayll restored/ owther it would seem that he was rob by fraud of the pope/ Also the king of englond shall here thereof and withdraw th● tribute of saint peter/ It is evil do said th'earl that Aldredus shall go home worshiples and be rob of all that he had/ And so Aldredus had the pall and went in to englond and made wulstan the prior bishop of/ wyrcetre/ No man would gladly of Stygandus the archebisshop of caunterbury receive the yefte of bisshopryche nowther wiliam conqueror when he was come would receive the blessing of him/ After nycol the second Alysaunder was pope eleven year and was choose by the cardinals/ and defended him manly against one Candulus tha● the ytalyens had choose pope/ They said that no man should be choose pope but if he were of the paradies of ytaly born/ Herald duke of westsaxon by commandment of king Edward went in to wales with few horsemen after crystemasse and set king gryffyns palace on fire/ at Ruthlan and his ships also/ But Gryffyn fled and escaped/ After that about the Rogation time he went about Brystow with a great naveye/ and sailed nigh all about wales & his brother Tostius earl of northumberland met him with an host of horsemen and destroyed so the countries of wales/ that the walsshmen delivered pledges and paid tribute as they were wont/ and outlawed and put out her king gryffyn and slough him atte last about the fifth day of August/ and sent his heed to harold th'earl/ After that king edward granted the land of wales to Gryffyns' twey brethren that swore to him feute/ ¶ Henricus libro septimo/ ¶ This year harold went toward normandy to speak with his brother wylynotus and with his broders' son hacun/ that were in pledge with duke wyliam· But he was driven with tempest in to the province of ponntyf/ The duke of that land took him/ and sent him to duke wiliam/ Me saith that there harold ere he might escape swore that he would wed duke wiliams daughter & that he should keep for him Englond when king Edward were deed/ And so he had his nephew with him and came in to englond again/ R/ But his brother wylynotus left in duke wyliams ward alway yet while he reigned/ ¶ Henricus ubi supra/ ¶ Also that year in king Edward'S co●●t at● wyndsor Tostius was aggrieved and wroth & went thence to herford/ there Harold had arrayed a feast for the king/ there Tostius to hakked his brother servants and soused her limbs/ and sent word to the king that if he would come to his feast he should have salt meet enough/ The northumbres heard thereof and put out her duke Tostius and slough his servants also and they broke his tresory and made him flee in to Flaundres/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus/ But the king heard thereof and sent harold to take wretch of the wrong that was of his brother/ they alleyed that they were freely born and freely nourished/ and that they might not suffer the cruelness of dukes/ Also that they had learned of her soveraynes/ to maintain freedom owther else take the death/ Also that they should lightly be lad by an esy duke/ Thenne harold seemed that it were more wisdom to favour the country/ than to take heed to the syngler prouffyte of his brother/ and sent that his host should come ayene/ and went to the king and procured that malcherus should be her earl/ All this grieved Tostius/ & therefore he went in to flaundres with his wyf and his children and was there unto the kings death/   

¶ Capitulum 28  
King edward sat at meet at westmynster on an Eesterday And while other men eat busily/ he fill in a thought and lough while other men eat/ Me asked him in chambre after meet what him ailed so to laugh/ For seven slepers said he in mount Selyon besides ephesum in the lass asia had there slept two honderd year on the right side and turned 'em on the life side in my laughing time/ and they shall so lygge on the life side three score year and fourteen/ That time shall come among mankind that hard saw that Cryste menaceth in the Gospel/ Men shall arise against men and so forth/ For the Sarasyns shall arise against crysten men and crysten men against Sarazens/ And also the king told how the seven slepers weren arrayed/ & so tellyth none other story/ Anon the kings mynystres sent to nycete themperour of Constantinople to espy the sooth of this saw/ he received them goodly/ and sent further to the Bishop of ephesye. that he should show the array of the seven slepers to the messengers of England/ And so it was found as the king had said/ And son after the Sarasyns and turks arysen and occupied Syria/ the alas Asia and jerusalem/ The thyrdde Henry themperour died son after/ and henry king of France was poisoned and died/ Seven days before maij a star with a bright blazing crest was seen in all the world wide/ and was so seen seven days continuelly/ Oliver monk of malmesbury grett that star/ and spoke thereto in this manner/ Thou arte comen now Thou art come doole and sorrow/ to well many moders/ It is long sith I see thee/ but now I see the more dredeful and grisly/ Thou menacest destroyenge of this country/ This Oliver was tho a c●nnynge man of lettrure. and a man of greet age/ but in his yongthe by great hardiness/ he founded for to fl●e as a bird with whynges I not by what manner craft he feathered his feet/ and his hands for he would flee in dedalus wise/ and so he took a fable in stead of a sooth saw/ and so he stood on an high tour and took the wind and flough the space of a furlong & more/ But he was afeard of the great strength of the wind and of the whirl wind/ and on caas of his own folly deed/ and fill down so that he was lame in his thighs term of his life/ Also this year when Childermas day was hallowed at westmynstre king Edward began to be seek in his last sickness/ he saw a sight and told it to 'em that stood about him/ Twey men of religion said the king come to me/ that I knew sometime in normandy & sayden that god hem had sent to warn me hereof/ For the rather dukes bishops & abbots of Englond be not gods servants but the devils/ god hath taken this kingdom in to the enemies hand for a twelve months and a day/ and fendes shall walk and hurl about in all this land/ I prayed and by sought that they must by my warning do penance/ and be delivered by ensample of the men of Ninyve/ Nay said they for nowther shall be/ for these men shall not do worthy penance/ nowther god shall have mercy of 'em/ Than I said/ when may be hope and trust of forgiveness/ they answered and said/ when a green tree is hewn down/ and a party thereof kytte from the stok/ and laid three teme length fro the stok/ There stood tho Stygandus the Archebisshop and said that the old man raved & doted as old men do/ and was out of his wit and spoke folly and vanity/ But afterward England felt the sooth and the truth of his prophecy/ when it was in subjection and destroyed with alyens and men of strange lands/ Than king Edward died at westmestre on a twellyfth even/ when he had reigned three and twenty year/ and seven months/ and was buried at westmynstre/ R/ Aluredus of Ryval deseryved clearly king Edwardes life/ and sent it to laurence abbot of westmynster/ And he sent that life that was so described forth to the second henry/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus ubi supra/ Anon Harold occupied the kingdom & held it about nine months But some intended to make Edgar Adelyng king/ Edgar Adeling was the son of Edward the which Edward was the son of edmond Irensyde/ But for the child was insuffysaunt to so great charge/ earl harold that was feller of wit richer in the purse/ and stronger of knights/ occupied the kingdom by an ungracious hap/ R. ¶ But marianus saith that king edward ordained before his death that Harold should be king after him and that the lords made him king anon/ ¶ Item Marianus/ ¶ This was sacred of Aldredus the Archebisshop of york/ & byganne to destroy evil laws & to make good laws and rightful to defend holy church/ To worship good men/ to punish evil doers & to save & to defend the land But his brother Tostius heard thereof. and that he was king/ & came with syxty ships out of flaundres/ and took paymentis and tribute of the isle of wight/ and took prays in kente on the see costs/ but he dread the array of his brother harold/ and went by the see in to lyndeseye/ and brent there towns and slough men till that he was driven thence by edwin and Morkar dukes of mercia and of northumberlonde/ Than he went to malcolyn king of Scotland and was with him all the summer time/ ¶ In the mean time the king of the norganes/ harold harfage Olaws brother came with three honderd ships in to the mouth of the river Tyne/ then Tostius came to him with his strength as they were acorded before/ King harold was warned thereof/ and ordained thither great strength/ but oer he was comen/ the twey brethren that we spoke of rather Edwin and morkar had stalworthly fought and were overcome atte last/ and there were delivered pl●dgys on either side an honderd and fifty/ After this the fifth day king harold came to stemesford bridge and had a strong battle and hard fighting/ but he slough the king of norganes & his own brother Tostius/ but he made Olaws the kings brother of norganes and paul duke of the ilondes Orcades/ swear to him and took pledges of hem and let 'em go hoome again/ but one of the norganes bore him so there/ that he is worthy to have a name for evermore/ For he stood all one upon the bridge of Stemesford and slough moo than forty englysshmen with his own axe and let the passage of all the englysshe host/ till it was none of the day/ till an Englissh man took a boot and came under the bridge and stykked the norgan thurgh an hoole with his spear/ For that hap harold was proud/ and would not part with his knights the prays that were taken there/ therefore many of the lords and of the comonte were wroth and a grieved and forsook him/ when he went to the battle of hasting against wylliam/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro secundo   

¶ Capitulum 29  
when harold was set up in the kingdom and thought not on the covenants that were made between him and wylliam/ he held himself discharged of the oath. for wylliams' daughter that he had spoused was deed within age of wedlok/ And also for wylliam was occupied with werres in Islands that were nigh him/ But william warned him of covenant broken/ and meddled menaces with prayers/ Harold said that a nice folly covenant should not be held/ and namely the byhest of other men's kingdom without comune assent of all the Senators/ There a lewd oath should be broken namely sith it was compelled to be sworen for need in a needful time/ In the mean time wylliam arrayed all that needed for the journey and gate the assent of the lords of his land/ and purchased favour of Alysaunder the pope with a banner that was to him sent/ these were the causes why duke william axed and challenged England against herald/ the death of Aluredus that was his cousin the son of emma on aluredus he had procured his death/ the second the e●ylyng of Robert Archebisshop of Caunterbury· The thyrdde cause for king edward had promised duke wiliam that he should be king after him if he died without children/ and harold was sworn to fulfil that commandment/ Henricus libro sexto/ The lords of normandye counseyled among 'em self what were best to do of this journey/ and wylliam that was the duke's sewer the son of osbert counseled to leave and forsake the journey both for scarcete of fighting men/ and for strength/ hardiness and stiernesse and cruelty of his enemies/ the other lords were glad hereof and put her answer and her words upon this wylliams' mouth/ and as he would say/ when he come before the duke/ he said that he was ready to the journey/ and all the other lords/ than might not the lords withdraw 'em for shame/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro tercio/ when duke William and his men were long tarried in saint waleryes havene· for the wind was against 'em/ the people grutched and said that it was a wod●nes to challenge by strength other men's land/ and namely while god stroof against hem/ and god must grant 'em good wind/ if they should seyle/ Duc william made bring out saint waleryus holy body and set him there out for to have wind/ Anon liking wind filled the seyles/ than duke william came toward Englond after mychelmasse day/ and landed at hastynge in a place called Pevenesey/ In his going out of his ship/ he slode with his one foot and styked in the sand/ and the knight that was next cried to him anon/ and said/ now Sir earl/ thou holdest England/ thou shalt right newly be king/ than he charged that they should take no prays & said that he must spare things that should be his own/ & he left so fyften days/ herald came from the were of the norganes/ and herd tidings hereof/ and hied well fast/ & had but few knights about him for he had lost many stalworth men in the rather battle/ and he had not sent for more help/ and though he had men were wroth and would have withdraw 'em for they should have no prays atte battle of norganes/ but harold sent forth espies to await and see the number and the strength of his enemies/ duke wylliam took these espies and led 'em about his tents and pavylons and fed 'em ryally and sent 'em to Harold again/ than they told to harold tidings/ and said that all that were in duke williams host/ were preestes for they had both the cheeks and both the lips shaven/ Englysshmen used that time the here of her overlyppes shed and not shore/ Nay said herald they be no preestes but they be strong knights/ Than said gurth heralds youngest brother/ why wilt thou unware fight with so many orped men/ we swore him never none o'th'/ Than is it better that thou that art sworn to him withdraw the for a time & let us that be not sworn fight for the countray/ & if we have the maystrye weal it be/ and if we be overcome the cause & the querele is sauf to thee/ yet duke william sent a monk to Harold & proffered him three ways/ owther that he should leave the kingdom oh wther hold the kingdom of duke willian/ & regne under him owther they twain should fight either with other in that quarrel in sight of both the hosts/ namely while king Edward was deed that had granted him englonde if he died without heir/ and by counseylle and assent of Stygandus tharchebisshop and of thearls goodwin and Syward/ In token thereof Goodwyns son and his nephew were sent to duke william/ But Harolde would not assent to the monks message/ but said the cause should be dereyned by dint of sword & prayed god only that he should dame between them twain/ Than the hosts of either side came to the place of the battle on saint Calyxt the pope the fourteenth day of October on a saturday in the place where thabbey of battle is build/ as we be informed/ the night before the battle Englysshemen yafe hem to song and to drink & waked all night/ Erly on the morrow foot men with her axes made a greet strength of sheldes. & set 'em together & had the maystrye. ne had be that the normans feigned to flee/ king Harold stood on his feet by his banner with his twey brethren. That banner was afterward sent to the pope/ The normans the night before the battle shrofe hem of their sins and were houseld erly in the morning/ Foot men and archers were set in the battle and than knights with wings on either side/ Duc william comforted his men to the battle and was waare that his haberion was turned in & out and amended that hap●e with a board and said the strength of an erldome shall turn in to a kingdom/ But ere that the Shiltrons come to geders one of the normans called Taylefer cast his sword and played before the hosts and slough a banyour of Englysshmen that came against him and did eft the same of another/ Also he slough the thyrdd and was slain himself/ Thenne anon the Shyltrons smote to geders with Roulandes' song that was bygonne on the normans side/ The battle endured from undern of the day to evensong time/ And neither party would withdraw/ but the duke's archers had their forth/ than the duke made a token to his men that they should feign to flee/ and by that wile engl●sshmen were beguiled and dysarayed hem as it were to pursue and so to reese on her enemies/ but when englysshmen were so out of array/ the normans arrayed 'em eft/ and turned again vp●on the englysshe men that were out of array and chased 'em on every side/ Atte last harold was smitten with an arrow and lost his one eye/ and was hurt on the brain and fill down in that place/ And one of the knights smote him in the thyghe while he say there/ And therefore wylliam put that knight out of chivalry/ for he had done an uncunning deed/ That day lost William three the best horses that he had/ and were stykked under him/ but he bore him so that no blood came out of his body/ when the victory was done wylliam buried his men that were slain/ and granted his enemies to do the same/ who that would and sent heralds body to heralds' mother without any meed as she had prayed and she buried him at waltham in thabbey of canons that harold had founded/ R/ But gyraldus Cambrensis in his book called Itinerarius would mean that harold had many wounds and lost his life eye with the stroke of an arrow/ & was overcome and escaped to the countray of Chestre· and lived there hoolyly as me troweth an Ankers life in saint james sell fast by saint johns church/ and made a gracious end/ And that was known by his last confession and the common fame acordeth in that cyte to that saw/ Also Aluredus Ryvallensys in saint Edward'S life/ ca/ 26/ in the end there he saith that Harold either died wretchedly owther he escaped & was preserved to do worthy penance/ R/ Thanwhan king heralds death was known thearls of northumberlonde and of mercia/ Edwin and marcarus that had withdrawn 'em self from harold for streytnesse of places. owther more verily for wrath that the prays were not deled atte battle of norganes/ they come to london and and took her sister Agytha heralds wyf and sent her to Chestre And they and aldredus tharchebisshop of york & the londoners promised that they would make edgar adelyng king and fight for him/ but for the dread of wylliam increased/ they withdrew 'em and fulfilled not that they had promised/ And all this with other noble men come to wylliam and yafe him pledges/ & swore him fewte and did him surety   
¶ Explicit liber sextus   

¶ Incipit Liber septimus  

¶ Capitulum primum  
When william came to london and was crowned at westmynstre of aldredus archebisshop of york and wyded stygandus archebisshop of Caunterbury/ & was y crowned in a mydwynter day/ that fill that ●ere on a monday/ W/ de/ 'pon/ But the next lente thereafter ●e went in to normandy/ & left his brother Bishop of bayon to keep englond/ & had with hym· the gentlemen/ & namely the earls edwin & markarus & edgard adelyng/ & most specially stygandus tharchebisshop/ though he wythstode in that with all that he might/ he lad him with him/ as it were for to do him worship/ but his meaning was specially for no treason should be done in his absence in englond by authority of stygandus Among all other it is hard for to tell/ how greet worship he died to stygandus for he would arise and come against him with procession and that with great boost & array/ but all that was closed & hid in that doing/ come out afterward clear enough/ when the pope's legate come in to englond/ & made a counsel by thassent of the king/ & stygandus was deposed & set a down/ & prayed busily the king of his grace/ the king excused himself with fair words as he couth well enough/ & said that he might not do against the pope's hest/ And so he held stygandus in boondes at wynchestre term of his life/ Alfr/ Hereafter against winter king william came in to englond & put a tribute upon englysshe men greater than they might bear/ & besieged excetre that was rebel against him and broke the cyte/ ¶ Gytha the countess that was sometime goodwyns wyf forsook the cite & sailed in to flaundres W/ d re/ li/ 3/ In this siege the town wall fill down as it were for the nonce/ & so the enemies come in for one of the cyteseyns stood upon the wall and died down his breach and defowled the eyer with the fowl noise of his neither end/ Also that year the lords of Northumberland dread the cruelness of william & took with them edgar adelyng & his mother agath & his twey systres margret & crystian & sailed to malcolyn king of scotland/ R/ But sommen will mean that this edgar sygh that the things of englysshmen were distourbed in every side/ & took a ship & cast for to sail with his mother & his twey systres in to his own country there he was ybore/ But there come great tempest and drofe him in to Scotland/ ¶ By occasion thereof it was that malcolyn king of Scotland wed edgars sister margret/ and gate on her six sons and twey doughtes/ three of his sons were kings after the father/ Edgar Alysaunder and david/ mould malcolyns daughter was married to the first henry king of England/ of him come mould thempressing/ the other daughter mary was married to eustas earl of ●oloyne/ of her come mould/ that was married to king steuen/ Also that year king william made a strong castle at snotyngham that now is called notynghan and another at lyncoln and twain at york/ Also that year mould the queen came out of normandy in to englond and was crowned of aldredus/ herald and Canutus the sons of suanus king of denmarche come a land in the mouth of humber with two honderd ships/ Edgar adelyng yaf himself to hem/ Aldredus the archebisshop was so soory for her coming that he deyde for sorrow thee/ xj/ day of September/ The eight day thereafter the normans that kept castles dread/ lest the houses of the subarbes should help the danes to fill the dyches/ & therefore they set 'em a fire/ but the light aroos to high/ and brent the cyte of york/ with the mynster of saint peter/ But ere the fire were done came the strength of the danes and slough by assent of the cyteseyns more than three thousand normans/ Than king wylliam was wroth and destroyed so that province that for great hunger men eat horses flesh/ hounds flesh/ cats flesh/ and man's flesh/ Also that land that lieth between york and durham was nine year without tylyer & wonyer/ out take only saint joones land of beuley. for there fill a wretch upon one of the kings knights for his horse neck was to broken & his face turned bacword/ Also that time was brent saint bedas abbey that was in girmun upon the brynk of the river wire/ That year malcolyn destroyed so Northumberland that he slay all the old men & feeble/ & made the strong boonde for reverence/ so that uneath any was house in scotland without an englysshe boonde man other woman/ king william by counsel of some men made search all the abbeys of englond & took all the money in to his own treasure/ W/ d/ p/ li/ 1/ son there after in the utas of ester was made a counsel at wynchestre by assent of the second pope alysander/ there were twey cardinals present/ In that counsel stygandus tharchebisshop was degraded for three skills/ first by cause he had held wrongfully the bisshopriche of wynchestre and the Archebisshopriche of Caunterbury while Robert the Archebisshoppe was a live/ and used the pal that was there left without leave of the court of Rome/ For he had received the pal of pope benette that was accursed of the church of Rome/ And though stygandus sought busily friendship of the king the king excused himself sweetly as he well couth by the pope's commandment and caste stygandus in to bonds at wynchestre to his lives end/ and gave him every day a little what of enchetes/ to live by/ Stygandus was kindly so hard that he would take right naught of his own/ and sworn by at halowen that he had not a penny/ but that oath was proved untrue by a little key that hinge about his neck/ when he was deed/ For by that key was found great riches in many places under earth/ Also in that counsel were set down many bishops and abbots/ namely by procuring of king wylliam for he would bring in normans in their stead/ Somme men trowed that he did so for he would be the more sicker of the kingdom/ Also in that counseyl saint wulstan bishop of wyrcetre asked busily some possessions of his bisshopryche that were with hold by Aldredus Archebisshop of york and fall in to the kings hands after aldredus's death/ But for the church of york was dumb that time/ for the see was void/ It was deemed that that cause should be still & not y touched at that time/ hereafter at wyndsor in a whitsonday king william yaf tharchbishopric of york unto thomas cannon of baiocens/ Wd/ p/ li/ 1/ Hereafter the king had lanfrank abbot of cadomenence out of normandy/ this lanfrank was of the nation of ytaly & was most cunning of holy wryt & of syngler lettrure and most ready in governing of things/ In our lady day the assumption the king made him archebisshop of caunterbury/ ¶ R/ Of his thews and of his noble deeds it is wreton Innermore/ about his death time/ W/ d/ p/ li/ 1/ ¶ Thomas that was choose archebisshop of york· came to this lanfrank for to be sacred as the usage would. lanfrank asked of him an oath & his profession write of his obedience/ Thomas answered & said/ that he would never do that but if he herd there for authority write/ other skylful reasons & byndyng·s by the which it were know that he should so do without any preiudyce of his church/ he said so more for lewdness of wit than of rebelnes/ & pride of heart/ as he that was a new man & beguiled by flattering words/ & knew not the custom and usages of englond And lanfrank declared and proved reasonably/ that his axing was reasonable and ryghtful/ but yet thomas would not assent but wthsayde it and went his weigh unsacred/ the king heard thereof and was wroth and trowed that lanfrank would have great things wrongfully/ and he trusted more in his cunning/ than in good faith and reason/ But he answered thereto in presence of the king/ and esed the kyngys' heart/ therefore by commandment of the king/ thomas was compelled for to come again/ and came again and written his profession of obedience and rad it/ In that profession he byhete without any condition that he should be obedient in all that longeth to the worship of god and Crysten faith/ and so he was sacred and went forth his weigh Not long thereafter lanfrank asked and took profession of all the bishops of englond that were sacred of other men bifore hond   

¶ Capitulum secundum  
THe Earls of mercia/ of northumberlonde edwin and Markar went privily out of the court/ For king william had cast to put 'em in bonds/ And so they were rebel somewhat of time/ but it stood 'em but little in stead/ edwin went toward the king of Scotland/ and was slain in the way of his men/ But markar and Egylwyn Bishop of durham went in to the isle of Ely/ there the king stopped the out going in the eest side/ and made a bridge of twey mile in the west side/ Than they were afeard that were closed withynne/ and yield 'em to the king/ And the king sent the Bishop to the Abbay of Abyndon to be there in ward/ there this Bishop deyde for hunger/ for he would not eat for sorrow/ Willelmus de pontificibus libro tercio/ ¶ Walkerus of lotharing was bishop after him/ And Edytha that had be king Edward'S wyf saw him brought to wynchestre for to be sacred and said here we have a fair martyr By conjecturing of the cruel men of northumberlonde she was moved to tell what should afterward byfall she saw him whytely of here/ rody of face/ & huge of body and of stature/ W/ de p/ li/ 4/ This year deyde walter bishop of herforde/ of him it is said that he loved hugely/ I not by what mysshappe a shipster of that Cyte/ But she wist not thereof/ and in caas thowh she had wist she would have set little thereby/ In the mean time yet the bishop thought that nothing is more ungracious than a loving old man/ and withstood as he might for reverence of his own state/ but in a time by fraud of the devil she came in to the bishops chambre in caas for to shape the chamberleyns linen clotheses Servants that knew and wist the bishops private went out for the nonce ¶ Atte last. ethe Bishop after unsytting words would have take the woman with strength ¶ The woman styked the Bishop bynethe his privy members with the shears that she had in honde and so the Bishop died After him robert lotharyngus was bishop there/ he was cunning of all manner arts and sciences/ specially he conth skylle in aba●● that is a table to make by diverse figures and shappes/ ●e knew the course of the moan and of the other stars and planets That time Marianus Scott and monk was closed at magounce in Almaigne/ In his long solytarye being/ he searched cronykes & storyees/ & was waar first other alone of denies exyguus dyscord against the sothnesse of the gospel in acountyng of cycles and of years/ And marianus accounted all the years from the beginning of the world and put two and twenty year that lakked of the foresaid cycles and years and made a great book of Cronykes the which book this robert deflowered solemnly and take out the best/ so that it seemeth that that defloration is now more worthy than all the great volume and long/ ¶ Wyllelmus de 'pon/ tificibus/ libro primo/ Also this lanfrank archebisshop of Caunterbury/ and thomas Archebisshop of york went to Rome yfere to have the pal/ But lanfrank received the palles/ one of Worship/ and anthoer of love/ for lanfrank had such grace to pope Alexander/ that both his fellows that come with him to Rome thomas of york/ and Remigyus of dorchestre that were right fully pryved of her croyses and rings/ he restored 'em to their offyce again/ For the first was a priests son/ And while the second was monk of ffyscam/ he halpe duke wyllyam in many things/ to his wending to England/ So that the duke byhete him by covenant a Bisshopryche if he had the victory and that was proved upon him before the pope/ and therefore he was set a down/ in the presence of the pope/ Thomas of york moved a cause of the challenge of the prymate of Dorobernia that is caunterbury/ and of subjection that should long to him of three Bisshopryches/ of Lyncolne/ of wyrcetre and of lychefeld  
¶ And said that the Seas of Caunterbury and of york were far atwene/ and that nother of him by Gregoryes constitution should be subgette to other/ but that the one of he● is more worthy than the other/ for he is of elder● time/ Thenne lamfrank declared skylfully that that constitution of gregory maketh no mention of Caunterbury/ but of york & of londom Than the pope demede that that cause should be termyned to fore the king and the Bishops in englond/ And though lanfrank held thomas bound by the profession that thomas had made before him byforehonde/ yet him was liefer travail for his successors than let that challenge abide to him to strive therefore afterward/ ¶ This year the year of our lord a thousand three score and twelve at wyndsore before king wylliam & the clergy that cause was treated/ & there Bedas story was showed and thereby it was showed that from the first Austyns time/ to Bedas last time about an honderd year and forty/ the Archebisshopryche of Caunterbury had prymacye over all the land of Brytayne/ and of Irlonde also/ And also that he had hold counsayls fast by york/ & cleped thereto the bishops of york and made bishops and punished some bishops of york for her trespaas/ and set down many/ and put 'em out of the dignity/ Herto were rehearsed privileges that were granted upon this manner of doing/ Against all this thomas aleyde the pistle in the which pope Gregory deemed that the churches of york and of london should be even peers and neither subget to other/ Than lamfrank answered and said I am not bishop of london nowther the question is not moved of the church of london/ Thenne thomas that had many fauctours and moche folk/ gathered with him answered and said that Gregory had granted to Austyn all one to have under him all the bishops of englond and that the bishops of london and of york should be good friends/ and love well either other/ and he that were first ordained should be first worshipped/ and though Austyn had changed the Archebisshops see from london in to kente yef gregory would that Austyns successors should be above the bishops of york/ he would lightly have set in his epistle such manner words/ I grant to the Austyn and to thine successors/ But for he would not that it should stretch to austyns' successors/ therefore he made no mention of his successors/ ¶ Lanfrank answered hereto & said/ if that authority was granted to Austyn alone and not to his successors it was a simple yefte that the pope gave Austyn that was prive with him/ and namely while Austyn ordained no Archebisshop of york while he was a live/ and also there was no bishop at york/ that should be ordained by austyn/ Also privilege of pope's confermeth this dignity to Austyns successors of caunterbury/ and deemed that it is skyle and right that all the churches of England should take loore of living of that place for of the well of that place they had the leeme of believe/ But for thou sayest that gregory might if he would have confirmed with a word to austyns' successors that he had granted to saint Austyn/ That is sooth but that doth no preiudyce to the see of Caunterbury/ For when cryst said to peter/ I shall yeve to the the keys of the kingdom of heaven/ he might also have said/ if he would I grant the same power to thy successors/ And though he said not so yet he bynymeth Peter's successors nothing of reverence/ nother of autoryte/ But they had lawfully the dispensation of offyce of holy church/ what maketh that but the virtue of god that springeth by Cryst of peter in to his successors/ Also if thou kanst know between false and soth·s what hath strength in all/ hath strength in the party/ and what strength in the more/ hath strength in the lass/ The church of Rome is as it were all of all churches and other churches both as it were parties thereof/ And as for to take heed in one manner wise/ man is the kind of his syngulers/ but in every syngler man is the kind of all mankind/ So for to take heed in some manner wise the church and the see of Rome is as it were the kind and containeth all in comparison to other churches/ and yet in every church regneth the full holiness of Crysten faith/ The church of Rome is greatest of all churches/ & what hath strength in that church shall have strength in lass churches/ So that in every church the power of the first shall spring in to all his successors/ but aught be namely and specially out take/ Therefore as Criste said to all the Bishops of Rome that he said to peter/ So Gregory said to all Austyns successors/ what he said to Austyn/ Hereof followeth that as Caunterbury is subget to Rome for he taketh the faith of Rome So shall york be subgette to Caunterbury/ that sent thither prechours to preach hem the faith/ But for thou sayest that Gregory would that austyn should have his see at london. it may not stand/ who would trow that so noble a disciple as Austyn was would wythstonde/ and do against his maystres will/ that was so noble a maystre and do against holy decrees/ But though it were so that Austyn as thou sayest passed from london/ what is that to me that am not bishop of london/ therefore yef this stryf is ceesed and peace made for a time/ yef thou desirest to plede/ I shall not be from the doom/ but I shall defend mine offyce/ and my right/ By these reasons thomas was overcome and granted gladly that the yonder brink of humber should be the beginning of his dyocesy/ Also it was deemed that there afterward in things that longeth to worship of god and to the faith of holy church the archebisshop of york should he subget to the Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ So that if tharchebisshop of Caunterbury would make a counseyl in any place of englond the Archebisshop of york should be there at with the bishops of his province and he shall be obedient to his lawful heestes/ ¶ If the Archebisshop of Caunterbury is deed/ the Archebisshop of york shall come to Caunterbury with bishops of the foresaid church/ and sacre the primate that is choose/ And if tharchebisshop of york is deed his successor shall come co the archebisshop of Caunterbury where he will assign in englonde and be sacred of him/ And he shall make him an oath with profession and obedience/ Than lanfranck hopped for joy and took all this wreton for that new doing should not slide out of mind and his successors should be beguiled of the knowleche thereof/ but he bore him so that he lost naught that nother passed in speaking/ For it is hated a man to make himself curious in his own praising/ Than lanfranck sent a pistle to pope alysaunder that contained all this doing with the profession of thomas the Archebisshop of york/ This year king wylliam went in to Scotland with a great navey and an host of horsemen/ And made king malcolyn subget/ and king malcolyn bycame his lyege man/ and sworn him homage and feute Sygebertus bishop of magounce went to saint james a pilgrimage/ but in his coming again he was made monk of cluny/ than shimpmen would have bought his Bisshopryche/ he saw that/ and went again to his bisshopriche as his abbot bade him  
¶ This year Edgar Adeling went to king wylliam in to normandy and was accord with him   

¶ Capitulum tercium  
HIltebrande that was the seventh pope gregory was sometime prior of cluny/ and than archdeacon of Rome/ and than he was made pope eleven year/ he made a synod and forbid clerks that were sacred wives/ and forbade that they should have no wives nother dwell with women/ but with such as the synod nycena and holy laws suffryth/ But for preestes dispreysed his punyschyngiss/ the pope bad that men should not here a priests mass/ that held openly and comunely a concubine against the pope's ordinance/ In a time this was a Cardynal and the pope's messagyer in to France and made hard process against prelate's that were made by Symonye/ Than one bishop that was sharply defamed by Symonye change with meed the witness that him had accused/ The legate was waare thereof and said before all the counsel/ now man's doom is away that faylyth oft/ let us bring gods own doom that faylyth never more/ Sigh that the grace of a Bisshopryche is the yeft of holy ghost/ he that buyeth a bisshopryche doth against the holy ghost/ than thou bishop hast not do against the holy ghost/ say openly here in the counsel gloria patri et filio et spiritui sancto/ that is the joy to the father and to the son/ and to the holy ghost/ he byganne and essayed oft/ but he might never say the holy ghost/ But he said it pleynly when he was put out of the bisshopryche/ Also while this pope song his first mass in a mid winter night at saint marye at presepe domini/ one Crescencius the son of the prefect of the cyte took him and put him in prisonne/ but anon the Romans broke the tower and delivered the pope/ Also in a counseylle of three honderd bishops/ this pope cursed the thyrdde henry themperour and assoylled all men of her oath that owht him homage and feute/ For he cast many things against the state of holy church/ And afterward though the emperor stood long time barfote upon snow and ice uneath he was assoylled/ But afterward besyeged Rome and meded the cyteseyns and prysonned the pope/ and took one wybertus bishop of Raven and made him pope/ and cleped him Clement/ But Robert duke of Apulea heard thereof and delivered the pope/ Roger the earl of herforde/ by whose counsel king william had made search all thabbeys of Englond for to have great treasure/ this earl married his sister to rauf earl of eestenglond that containeth norfolk/ against the kings heeste/ And made there conspyracye against the king/ and made Earl walref assent thereto bygyle· but he went anon to lanfrank/ and took his penance/ and went thenne in to normandy to the king & warned him of the treasonne/ and put him wilfully in the kings grace/ the king came again in to Englond and outlawed some and chased Earl Rauf and prysonned waltef and made afterward smote of his heed wickedly besides wynchestre/ In time that came afterward by thordinance of god/ his body was beryed afterward in the abbaye of crowlond/ of him wytnessyth lanfrank that he was very repentant of his sins & said that well were him if he might come to waltefs rest after his end day ¶ In lanfrancus time was made a counsel at london in saint Paul'S church/ that doing had be long time left of in England/ first there was ordained how bishops should sit in counsel and in Synod/ the second that the bishops see should pass out of small towns in to greater towns and so the See of Selfey passed to chychester of kyrton to excetre/ of wells to bathe/ Of shirburn to sabesbury/ of dorchestre to lyncolne/ Of lychefeld to chestre in bishop Peter's time/ But his successor robert passed from chestre to couentre/ ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro 2/ ¶ This year deyde hyrmanus the first bishop of Salesbury/ of the which it is wreton to fore hon/ After him the kings chancellor osmundus was bishop four and twenty year/ he builded there a new church and brought thither noble clerks and cunning of clergy and of song/ so that this bishop himself shoned not to wryete and●ymne and bind books/ Also he made the ordynal of the service of holy church/ and cleped it the consuetudynarie/ now well nigh all englond wales and yrlond. useth that ordynal/ Also he endyted saint adelins life/ ¶ This year Robert courthchose king william's oldest son/ for he myht not have normandye that his father had assigned him sometime/ therefore by help of the king of France he took prays in normandye and died his father moche woe/ So that his father was wounded and unhorsed and began for to cry/ Robert heard his father bois/ and alight down of his horse. and horsed his father ageine· Willelmus de pontificibus libro tercio/ The northumbres slew walkerus bishop of durham/ William that was sometime abbot of cariles was bishop after him/ This william brought first monks at durham/ he was mighty in the world/ & had his mouth at his will/ & had great trust therinne/ and favoured afterward parties/ Somdele against king william the rede/ Therefore he fled out of englond and came again to his own Bisshopryche after two year and made him full busy to have the kings love again/ so that he followed the kings will in his you and nay in all manner wise/ and specially in that strife that was between the king and ancelm/ and hoped thereby to geete the kyngys' grace other to be archebisshop after ancelm/ But he failed of either/ for there fill stryf between him and the king/ and he was at gloucestre to defend his cause/ This was the first that died the prior of durham that benefet that he should be deen and archdeacon in all that bisshoprych/ waring earl of shrowesbury made twey abbeys/ one in the subarbes of shrowesbury and another at wenlok in worship of saint mylburgh/ Willelmus de Regibus ¶ While a mighty man sat at a fist Myes beset him suddenly all about/ & though he were brouhgt in to the high see it halp him not/ for the myes syewed him in the see upon rinds of pome garuat and were adreynt of the shipmen Nothing that god hath wrought is all without wit/ nother thing without remedy/ Than the man was brought ayene to land and myes all to haaled him/ Me saith that the same hap byfyl a prince of polonia that a leopard had I/ Also such an hap is told of a prince that might by no manner craft keep and save himself fro lyese in no manner wise/ Henricus lib/ sexto/ This year was a cursed stryf between monks of glastenbury and the unthriving abbot thurstan that king wylliam had brought thither out of the abbey of cadony and made him abbot of glastenbury that couth no manner wit of Readiness/ Among his other lewdness and folly he despised gregoryes song and offyce/ and byganne to compelle the monks for to use the song of one william monk of fyscamen/ Willelmus de pontificibus li 1/ ¶ He wasted and spended the churches goods and catailsin lechery-and challenged cruelly the order and service of the monks and withdrew therewith their meet and their drink Thereof came chiding & strif of words discord & of wits and of thoughts/ For lucanus says fasting folk can no dread/ Than after chiding and strif me took wepne/ And the abbot with his men of arms fill armed on the monks and slough twain atte high auter/ & wounded eighten & shot arrows to images and schrines of the church/ the monks as they were drive to by need defended 'em self as well as they might in every side with forms and stoles and candelstikkes and wounded some of the knights/ This cause was moved before the king/ and the Abbot was changed and turned to his own abbaye in normandy But the monks were to scattered about by the kings heest by divers byisshopryches and abbeys/ But after king wyllians' death this thurstan bought the Abbaye of glastenbury of king william the reed for five honderd pound and so he went about somewhat of years by the possessions of the abbey & deyde far from him/ ¶ This year king wiliam had of every huyde of land six scyllynges of silver/ Also pope hyltebrand say in his deed bed and cleped to him the cardinals that he loved most/ and knowleched that he had made wrath amnd stryf between the Emperor and the other crysten men/ Therefore he undid the bounds of the pains that were set and deyde   

¶ Capitulum quartum/  
AFter hyltebrand the third vyctor was pope one year and five months/ ¶ Sometime he height desiderius Abbot of mount Cassin/ he was poisoned with venom that was done in his chalies/ that year canutus king of demmark by help of his wives father Robert of flaundres arrayed him for to come in to englond with a greet navey· but king wylliam heard thereof and gathered a great host and come in to englond out of normandy/ But his enemies were let and he held his court at gloucestre/ then he yaf Bisshopryches to his three preestes/ to morris he yafe the Bisshopryche of london/ To william the bisshopryche of Tedford/ To robert the bisshoprych of chestre/ but he changed the see to coventre ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro quarto/ He rasede of one beam of that church five honderd mark of silver for to fill the kings honde and for to beguile the occupation of the pope/ earl leofrycus had made that place rich of gold and of silver of relykes and other precious stones/ And so this Robert rob his own church/ and was guilty to make good therefore in his life owther with his cataill after his death if any man were that him would accuse/ also he fed the monks of that place with simple meet & drink & suffered them not to learn but simple lettrure/ jest liking meet and drink and greater lettrure would make the monks stout and proud against the bishop/ Netheles at lychefelde he byganne many greet buildings. About that time bygan thordre of the chartrus in calabria in the bisshoprich of grannopolytan by one bruno that was ybore at Coloyn of the nation of Duche men and cannon of reins in Champayne in France and master of the scoles/ he forsook the world & founded the heremytage of chartrus about saint ioones fist & ruled it six year/ Atte last he came to Rome by heeste of the second pope urban that had be sometime his scholar/ there he halpe the pope greatly in dignity of holy church/ But when he might not suffer the stryf and the manners of the court/ he forsook the court and the Archebisshoprych of Rysens/ to the which he was choose by heeste of the pope/ And went to the heremytage that was called the tower in Calabria/ and ended there his life/ That manner heremytes that be cleped Cellystes also for they woneth in celles and lyven under a prior and passen not the number of twelve in clerks/ but it be for some worthy person/ but they take lewd men anon to the number of twenty/ every in his own cell in simple days served by himself biddeth his beads/ slepyth and etyth/ Each of them hath one loof for his breed for all the week/ they eat never flesh ne blood/ they were never linen clot nother stamyn but the here next the flesh and a 'bove a kyrtell of woollen and a pilch/ they have thryttene celles/ and every cell is departed a four & to set within for the oratory the dortour the fraytour/ and the werk house there they doth her works/ but they join all to gyders/ On sundays and other high days they come to church and to a common board and etyn yfere/ and talken yfere of ghostly tales/ they say their service after saint benets rule/ An apostata that breaketh his order they take him never again/ ¶ King wylliam made describe all englond/ For he would wit and know how moche land each of his barons had/ how many knights fees how many teme land/ how many towns and men and how many beestes/ the land was grieved with many meschyefs and haps that fell for that deed/ That description was written all in one volume/ and y doo in the kings lyberarye at wynchestre/ Also this year Edgar Adelyng went in to Apulea with great strength by love of king wylliam and his sister Crystyne went in to the abbey of Romsee/ After vyctor the second urban was pope thyrtene year/ first this was a monk of cluny & archedeken of rome/ and hete Odo Thereafter he was Bishop hostyence and pope atte last/ Another pope that hete clement that was in the poperyche with wrong died this vrban moche woe and teen. ¶ This clement was sometime bishop of Ravenna/ That year in englond was greet● death of beestes and dystempering of the eyer by the which many men died in fevers and for hunger/ In the same time grisly fire destroyed the pryncipal cities of Englond and saint Paul's church/ and a great deal of london/ Alfr/ That year the danes in a church slay her king Ca●●tus/ ¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro tercio/ This king wylliam lay a bed at Roen Rothomage in the last end of his life the king of France scorned him in this manner/ king willian of Englond lieth now as women done a chyldebed and taketh him to sleuthe he bourded so/ For king wylliam had slaked his great womb with a drink that he had drunk/ the king was displeased with this scorn/ and said I shall offer him a thousand candles when I shall go to church of child/ And not long thereafter in a lamesse month when the corns were in fields fruit on trees/ and grapes on the wines/ he set a fuyr the west side of France & the Cyte medant and our lady church/ In that church he brent a woman that was closed & trowed not but she should i'll in such a manner need/ In that hete he took an evil that might not be heeled other else when his horse lepe over the dyche he broke the entrayls of his fat womb/ than leches warned him that he should die/ than he ordained normandy to his elder son Robert And Englond to wylliam the reed. And the mother possessions and treasure/ To henry clerk & made deliver his prisoners that he had in bounds/ that were the Earls marcarus Rogyer/ wilnotus/ heralds son/ his brother odo bishop of bayon/ And so he deyde the year of his kingdom one and twenty the tenth month the year of his duchery two & fifty/ the year of his life nine and fifty/ the year of our lord a thousand four score and seven the eight day of december/ and he was buried in thabbey of cadony that he had founded/ there me might see sorrow that he that was so dredeful and so worshipful in europa might not be buried without challenge/ For there a knight forbid openly his beryeng and saide that ground was his own/ and y take of him with strength/ therefore his son henry yaf the knight an honderd pound for to ceese for theridamas were none of king williams sons/ for his elder son Robert warred than in the countray/ and william the reed was sailed in to englond/ But at Wynchestre he took his father's tresorye and yafe moche for his father's mind/ Henricus libro quinto/ This william conqueror was a wise man and gyleful rich and covetous glorious and loved well great loose fair speaker with god's seruaunces and stern to him that would him withstand/ In the province of hampton in the new forest in the space of thyrtty mile/ he threw down churches & towns and died there wild beestes/ So that who took there a wild be'st should lose his ●ne eye/ & who that took a woman by strength should lose his genetoryes·s W/ dear/ li/ 3/ King wylliam was of skylful stature to great & fat of body stern of face/ bar of forheede/ great of strength in brawn and arms/ so that uneath any man myyhte bend his bow/ but he would on his horse stretch forth his sinews and bend it easily enough upon his one foete/ he had skylful strength and gave himself to much to hunting/ so that he threw down churches & town●s to make woods/ he made great feestes and reveles in the high fe●●●tes of the year/ he held his mydwynter tide at gloucestre/ his easter at wynchestre/ whitsontyde at westmynstre/ when he was in Englond/ but he passed and overdyde in gathering money of the people/ other to wythstonde his enemies/ other to make him a greet name/ other to ceese his covetise/ it is· a common tale that when this william was young he distourbed his come malgerus Archebisshop of Rotomage of his bisshopryche/ for he forgendered god's service and gave himself to hunting and to festes/ but more verily/ for the bishop had acursid duke william & mould his wyf and his cousin/ for they were unlaufully y wedded to giders But for that trespaas duke William builded an abbaye of men/ & mould another of women at cadony/ R/ Also william builded twey abbeys in englond one at bermundeseye fast by london/ & another at battle in southsex/ there he had fought/ Hen/ li/ 7/ When this william was king uneath was there a lord in englond an englysshman/ but englisshmen were made boonde/ so that it was shame and despite to be cleped an englysshman/ To bear down & to destroy englysshman god had ordained cruel and stern/ that be of such kind that when they have born down their enemies than they bear down theyr self/   

¶ Capitulum 5  
WYlliam the reed was crowned king the day of saint Cosma and damian/ him halp wulstan Bishop of wyrcetre/ & the Archebisshop lanfrank that had him norysshed/ and made knight/ This william reigned thyrten year a month lansse/ Robert the elder son was that time in almaigne/ & had gathered a great host against the father. & heard hereof & came again in to normandye/ & laid half normandy/ out take castles to wed to his brother henry for to wage an host against his brother william and came at last a land at hampton/ Than the king sent him messengers that said in this manner/ Thy brother william clepeth himself not king/ but underking to regne under thee/ & by help of the that art greater than he/ & better & rather ybore/ if it is thy will/ he bathnot mistake as his own that he hath take for a time by cause ofthyn absence. but by cause he is now crowned he prayeth that he may regne under the & pay to the every year three thousand marc/ & he that over leaveth shall have the worship of other/ Robert waggng his heed assented anon & left his host & went again in to normandy/ & had right naught but fair byhestes/ well nigh all the noble men of englond would have made robert king out take lanfrank & wulstan/ That time fallen a cruel & grisly tempest in englond/ for after winter in the beginning of springing time king william's comed Odo bishop of bayocens that was before delivered onte of the first king william's prysonne came in to englond/ to him was yeven the Erldom of kente He saw that it go not all to his devise in the land/ as it died sometime in the first king wylliams time/ and was wroth therefore/ and forsook the king & enfected many other with the same grutching/ & namely the bishop of durham/ The earl of Northumberland/ & rogyer of mount gomeryk/ earl of shrowesbury/ Than this odo wasted and destroyed the kings rents and enchetes/ And lanfrank the Archebisshops' lands/ for he was by his counsel cast in the first king william's bounds/ for the first king william pleined sometime of his brother that he would forsake him Take him quoth lanfrank and bind him that he grieve the not I say not the bishop but the earl of kente. That time Rogyer earl of shrowesbury with his walsshmen destroyed the ends of Englond anon to wyrcetre/ But by the prayer and curs of seint wulstan/ they were so feebled and blent that he and his men were chased of a little number of men of castles of the same Bishops main/ King wylliam saw that the normans were nigh all conspired against him/ Than he pleased englysshmen with be hests of bet laws & free hunting in his own woods/ In the same manner he awelded roger earl of shrowsbury & anon he fill on them that him had forsake & occupied odoes castles in kent/ & took odo & made him forswear England/ & besieged & took the cyte of rochestre there the noble men were gathered/ Also that year saint nycolas body was brought to the cyte barrus in apulea when turks destroyed the cyte mirrea/ four & twenty knights of barrus went thither and brought to her own cyte saint nycolas bones swymming in oil/ Also that year pope urban had with him ancelm abbot of becko/ & made a counsel at cleremount in gallia that is in france. there it was ordeygned that the hours of our lady should be said every day/ & full service of her the saturday. King william corrumped the wardeyns with money & when some of robertes castles in normandye & let the king of france/ that be should not faver his brother robert/ & so normandy was long unstidfast/ now favouring that one brother/ & now the other till that robert had chynon & king william's some castle in saint nycolas mount & resed upon either brother now upon the one & now upon the other/ there in a day king william went out of his tent on war & fell on many enemies with few men/ But his horse was slain under him/ & he was long draw and haled by the foot/ But his haberione was so good that it saved him that he was not hurt/ the knight that had throw him down set his hand to his sword for to sle the king/ leave fool quoth king william I am king of englonde/ all the host dread when they heard that voys/ & brought the king another horse/ he asked who threw him down/ I quoth the knight that had do the deed/ I wend not to throw down a king but a knight/ Per vultum de luca quod the king/ thou shalt be me the liefer after this/ Than when hen●y was so besieged of both his brethren. that him locked water/ he sent to his brother robert that was the more benign man & said that it was an evil deed for to werne water that is common to all men/ & beestes/ & that it were more lawful to fight with strength of knights than with vyolens of the elemens'/ than he granted him water/ king william heard thereof and scorned that deed & said/ so thou hast learned robert to overcome thine enemies & to yeve 'em drink/ Thou tellest great price of water quoth robert/ tellest thou more price of water than of our brother/ wouldest thou suffer him to die for defaute of water/ where shall we have another brother if we lose him/ For this answer the king undid the were/ and had both his brethren with him in to englond/   

¶ Capitulum sextum/  
THis year died lanfrank Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ the fourth day of juyn after that he had be archebisshop/ xviij year/ And than the see was void four year/ W/ de p/ li/ p/ This lanfrank of the nation of lombardes was a noble man of lettrure/ he had y yeue all his yought to free arts and sciences and spent his eld all in holy books/ he was cunning thereof/ and despised the smoking and schylling speech of misbelieved men And of all thabbeys of normandy he chose becco· and was y capped by the povert & religion of that place/ there he was monk under abbot herlewing/ & was a man that couth do no great works to gete his livelihood therewith/ therefore he held open school of art to relieve the needy place by freedom of his scholars/ the loos of his praising & of his worship sprung out among wykked men/ so that they had great envy to the good man and to the preestes of the country moved so william duke of normandye that he commanded to put out lanfrank out of normandy for his unnesynesse W/ li/ 2/ By cause hereof duke williams priest was held a man of great science before the coming of lanfrank/ And he came in a day to lanfrank school with greet brag and boost/ than by his first speech lanfrank was waar that the man couth well night right naught/ and took him a thing with lettres for to speed/ And so he overcome the wyldenes of the man by cunning of ytaly/ therefore he was wroth/ and made duke willyam put lanfrank out of all normandy/ But occasion to have grace of the duke was for lanfrank went to the duke's court/ and his horse halted & made the duke laugh/ The duke took heed of courtosye of lanfrancks answer and of the fairness of his face/ and made him prior of becco/ abbot of caen and afterward archebisshop of Caunterbury/ W/ de/ 'pon/ li/ 1/ This man was so famous of lore that Pope alysaunder aroos worshipfully against him when he came to rome and said that he died not to the archebisshop that worship/ but to his clergy/ therefore the pope asked that/ sith that he had do/ what was worshipful lanffrank should do what was rightful that is that he should fall down to the feet of saint Peter's vyker/ when he had do so/ the pope by cause of him restored his fellows bishops that come with him to their state croyses & rings that were before preved as it is said bifore/ Also this lanfrank tretid and byladde king wylliam conqueror by an holy craft/ not with grymchyding/ but sometime an earnest & sometime in good mirth/ King william was stern and dread no man & ruled both temporalyte & spiritualyte at his own will/ he took no man fro the pope in his land but he come & pleased him/ he suffered no counsel made in his own country without his own leave/ Also he would no thing suffer to be ordained in such a counsel but as he would assent/ Also no lord of his land should be punished but at his own heest/ Sometime lanfrank took money for to spare the more the trespass of his subget/ That did he not for light the charge of sin/ but for to gete the more grace of the king/ The need why it most be do excused somewhat the kings deed in fathering of money/ For with great money one may make peace/ in the land that is won with deeds of arms and with strength/ And though it be little accounted among men to ravysshe of men of the land and yeve to enemies/ yet before god I hold it right naught/ Thenne king wylliams deeds in comparison of deeds of kings. that now been be worthy to be preached for ensample of free and lordely heart/ That was said trespaas of presumption/ Lanfrank suffered it against his will/ And when ●e saw his time he would speak plesauntly and warned him and wythsayde him in skylful manner/ Lanfrank had filled his wit with all virtues and specially in/ alms deeds/ he passed other men in words and in deeds/ and used oft that word of holy writ yeveth alms and all thing is clean to you/ And though c●uetyse be a special vice to lombardes he put that gleyming far from his person/ so that he expense on poor men meet & drink & clothe/ he shamed him not to gird himself high and fede and serve poor men and make poor stolers strive and dispute/ and when they had done either should go glad aweye/ the vyctor for he had the maystrye/ and he that was overcome for comfort and solace of shame/ he advanced namely the place of monks and of clerkis/ he brouht manly a●en possessions that were alyened/ sharpness of wit and dunstans favour comforted him oft/ for as often as he was thoughtful for such doings and abode with the sentence/ Saint dunstan would come to lanfrank when he was a sleep/ and warn him of all the sleyghte of his adversaries/ and teach the ways how he should escape/ Also in a time lanfrank was seek and him s●med that dunstan warstled with him and delivered him of his sickness and made him all hoole/ And as it is take out of saint Dunstan's life/ lanfrank was so mild and so fair of speech in hearing of shryfte that when the shryfte were do he would kiss their hands that were shryve to him/ and say these have made me holy this day/ Also in his time the monks of Caunterbury as well nigh all other monks in englond were not unlyk to secular men save that they left not their chastity/ but they used hawking/ and hunting and playing at dice and great drynkers also/ ¶ So that thou wouldest ween that they were consuls rather than monks for they had so many servants of so great array/ lanfrank suffered their outrage a space of time/ but he feared it away with the staff of covenable sternesse/ The wise master of souls knew and wist well the customme is the second from kind/ ¶ And he knew also that sudden changing of manner & thews grieveth thoughts & wits/ therefore otherwhiles among he put away somewhat of such manner doyngiss with fair speech and soft/ and whet the ruyde souls to good with the whestone of virtues/ So that they forsook the branches of shrewdnesse and evil manners of living and desired the kind course of virtues and of thews by their own good will/ therefore yet they have the holy man in mind and greet devotion to god and fair speech to guests and charity among themself/ this lanfrank let never man go fro him ●lenge or sorry/ if he see any man discomforted he would busily ask and wite the cause and yeve comfort and medicyn/ he would freely profre penyes to young children/ he ordained to monks what them needed in every side/ so that they should not lack of what that them needed/ & out of rule they should not blenche/ that time sprang envy among bishops that would put out monks of their places/ & bring in secular clerks/ auctor of that doing was walk linus bishop of winchestre a good man in other deeds/ though he were bade in that doing & brought thereto by counsel of bacbitres Also he had conutid king willian to the same intent/ but lāfrāk herd thereof & destroyed the casts of the mighty men as who destroyeth attercops nests/ so they that comen afterward should not be hardy to begin that doing ne none other like/ he made that pope alisander forbade it by his writing/ he restored thabbey of rochestre from the number of four clerks to the number of fifty monks that had enough to live by. his wit is wist that he translated gundulphus monk of cadony to the bisshoprych of rochestre as I trow by the election of god/ For this gundulphus learned holy writ of lanfrank at cadony while his master took heed to other things he and his fellow walter with the third held on honde the book of the gospels/ & said now essay we be turning of the leves which of us shall be abbott & which shall be Bishop/ than gundulphus fond this place true servant wise & ready that our lord ordaineth over his main/ but walter fond this place god's servant and true entre in to the joy of thy lord/ The third felaw fond I not what hard word that grieved him sore/ and though I have heard it/ I foryete it gladly for it is a gentle heart to make no game and scorn of other men's woe/ then they made joy of that hap/ and lanfrank asked what they had of murthe/ & when he knew how it stood/ he told them without doubt that gundulphus should be a bishop and walter an abbot/ and that the thyrdde should torn to the sliding of the world/ as it fill afterward/ the sooth was proved/ for gundulphus was bishop of Rochester/ & walter abbot of evesham/ & the third passed in vain/ when lanfrank acorded not in manners with king wylliam the reed/ he lay at last seek of the feuer● & was shriven and houseled and drank a medecinale drank and so he yield up the ghost as he had desired/ he knowleched that he had prayed god that he might die in the fevers or in the flux/ for these evils dystourbith not the mind nowther letteth the speech   

¶ Capitulum 7  
THis year when the counsel was made in the cyte turon in gallia/ in france pope urban exyted nigh all the west lands to succour of the holy land/ therefore the third henry emperor Reymund earl of saint Gyles and beamund of apulca took the cross and passed the see of myddel earth at that place that is called saint george's arm and had with hem two honderd thousand of Crysten men/ & so the holy land was won at that time & crystes spear was found by revelation of saint andrew that was showed to a clerk/ with hem went Robert duke of normandy & therefore he made accord with his brother king william the reed & laid to him normandy to wed for ten thousand pound/ But be cause thereof king  took a grievous tribute of englisshmen so that prelate's melted their vessel/ and lords spoiled their subgettes/ Malcolyn king of Scotland took prays in northumberlond/ therefore king william and his brother Robert went in to v/ his navey was nigh all adreynt & his host married with ●old and with hunger. Malcolyn came against him with adelyng and made peace by mediation/ So that malcolyn should be obedient to king william/ as he was sometime to his father/ and king william should yeve him every year twelve mark of gold and he should yield him twelve cities/ in englond/ but son there after the king failed and Robert took with him edgar & went again in to normandy/ ¶ This year the fift day of October a great struck of lightning smote the church tour at wynchecom be and thyrled the wall and threw the crucifyxe heed down to the earth and broke the right thigh and threw down our lady image that stood by the rood/ thereafter came a stinking smoke that filled all the church/ and dured till the monks had go a procession about all the places and offices of the abbey with holy water and relykes of holy saints and with the Letanye  
Also at london a whirl wind threw down six honderd houses or moo/ and many churches thereto/ and slew two men in seint marye church atte bow/ and lift up six reftres of the church/ and struck them so deep in the ground/ that uneath the sixte part of 'em was seen above the earth/ ¶ Also a whirlwind threw down the heeling of the church of Salesbury/ the fifth day after that osmundus had hallowed that church/ ¶ Willelmus de 'pon/ libro quarto/ ¶ Remigius the Bishop that translated the see from Dorchestre to lyncolne/ cast for to hallow the church that he had newly build/ But thomas bishop of york wythstode him and said/ that that place was of his parish/ And king wylliam for money that Remigius had yeven privily commanded nigh all the bishops of England that they should come to that dedycation the fifteenth day of may/ but twey days before that day of the dedycation Remygyus died by gods privy doom/ Robert Bishop of herford aloone would not come to the hallowing of that church/ for he known by certain sight of the steres that that church should not be hallowed in Remygius's time/ This Remygius seemed nigh a wonder forboding for his body was so little/ but he overcome kind and showed outeward a noble heart and wit/ So that gracious and noble virtue come of that little body/ After this Remigius Robert bloet was bishop a full lecherous man/ he fulfilled ryally the hallowing of that church/ Atlast at wodestok he went from the king & deyde and his bowels were take out of his body & beryed in the abbey of evesham that he had founded/ the other deal was buried at lyncolne/ there it was well know that the wardeyns of the place were oft dysesed with shadows by night/ till that the place was cleansed with holy prayers and be dies/ That year king william went in to northumberlonde/ and repaired the cyte of lugubalia/ that now is called caercol and made a Castle therynne/ that city had been destroyed from the coming of the danes two honderd year/ ¶ And son thereafter at gloucestre the king was take with a great sickness and byhete that he would amend his life by counsel of the lords/ ¶ Henricus libro sexto ¶ And he yaf that year the Archebisshopryche to Ancelm/ but he might not take thereof but as the king would/ ere the tribute was paid that the king had set/ Also he said that the Bisshopriche of lyncolne longed to the See of york/ till that Robert bloet had yeve the king five thousand marc/ ¶ Also this year deyde Rogyer earl of shrowesbury/ when he lay seek he made him monk for to have some succour by assent of countess Adelysa/ for he had sent Reynald prior of shrowesbury to cluny for to have saint Hugh/ the abbots kyrtel to were it about him/ Trevisa ¶ A wiseman would mean that earl Rogyer had as moche meed of that he was monk/ as malkyn of her maydenhode/ that no man would have and not adeel more/ Thenne it followeth in the story/ after Rogyer his son hugh was earl/ ¶ Also that year was great rain and floods/ And soon thereafter so great fro●t that one might over all lede carts and veins over waters & rivers/ And when the frost byganne to. thaw and to melt it broke nigh all the bridges in every side/ Rees king of wales was slain in fighting fast by brechnok/ and so ceesed the kingdom of wales/ ¶ Malcolin king of Scots come to gloucestre against king willian on a saint barnabas day/ to accord with him/ But they departed in wrath/ for king william would that malcolin should be deemed in his court where ever it were in Englond/ But malcolin would not but in the marches of both the kingdoms there it was wont/ but that year upon saint bricius day malcolin and his elder son edward and many other were slain in northumberlond of earl Robartes knights/ margrete queen of Scots that loved and worshipped god with her might/ took so great sorrow that she fill seek as she had prayed god and deyde the third day thereafter/ when she was deed/ the Scots made dunwald malcolyns brother king/ But duncan malcolyns son by help of king wylliam put out dunwalde and took the kingdom of Scotland/ ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus/ it was told this malc●lyn in a time that one of the lords of his land had conspired to bring him to death/ he bad him be still that told him that tale and he held it privy with himself till the traitor was comen/ Atte last the traitor came to the king to await his time to do that cursed deed/ the king bade erly in a morning that all the hunters should come with their hounds/ ¶ While they were an hunting the king went with this traitor to a brood pleyne/ that was bysette with thykk wooed all about as a garland/ In the myddel of that place was a little toot as it were an hill/ these twain stood alone on that toot/ loo said the king/ I and thou been here alone/ each well y horsed and wepened· and each well arrayed/ Now is no man that seethe us that might help other let/ if thou might & if thou darrest do now as thou hadst thought/ I can not see when it might be better nother more freely done/ if thou hast ordained venom that is the doing of women and not of knights/ if thou desirest my wyf so may spouse brekers/ if thou castest to steel upon me with 〈◊〉 that is a thieves doing & not a knights/ Therefore do 〈◊〉 and as a knight should/ that thy tresonne he without shame of cowardyse for without falsheede may it not be/ Anon he fill down to the kings feet and sworn that he would thereafter be true to the king to his lives end & promised him pledges which he would cheese/ And so the traitor was made true and went again to his fellows when he saw his time/ Also this year Ancelm abbot of barro came out of normandy in to Englond atte request of hugh earl of chestre for three causes/ one because he should relieve abbeys that he had before founded in englond of grievous tribute that the abbeys paid to the king/ the second for to visit earl hugh that was sore seek that time/ The thyrdde by cause he should found an abbaye at chestre/ In that place he assigned his priest Richard first abbot and changed secular canons in to monks But in the coming again thennes he was made Archebisshop of Caunterbury/   

¶ Capitulum 8  
THis year Englond and Normandye were grieved with a grievous tribute and with moreyn of men/ so that earth tylyenge ceesed/ and thereafter come great hunger and walsshe men forsook the yok of thraldom and of subjection and took prays in the shires of Chestre/ of shrowesbury and of herford and took the castle of mevema/ That time the Scots slew their king duncanus and made dunwald eft king/ Stars were seen 〈◊〉 down from the sky as it were fighting to geders/ King William came out of normandy and sent an host in to wales/ there he lost many horses and men/ than the king saw that the walshmen might not be overcome for streytnesse of diverse places/ and for thykke woods/ therefore the king made strong castles in places by the see side and hewed down a great deal of the woods/ and thereafter he beat down many walshmen/ Wulstan Bishop of wyrcetre deyde the eyghtenth day of january/ Willelmus de 'pon/ li/ tercio/ This wulstan in the hour of his dyyeng appeared to his well byloved friend Robert bishop of he●ford in the town of Cryklade and charged him that he should array for his beryeng/ and eft the thyrtenth day thereafter he appeared to ●ym & warned that he should amend him of the negligence of him s●lf and of his also/ And said that he should not long in his chair sit/ And soon thereafter Robert deyde/ Also this wulstan wol●de suffer no man when he was deed to take of him his ring that he had first when he was sacred bishop/ he had oft sa●de while he was a live that he would never leave that ring/ Also he said oft to egnlysshmen/ It is gods chastysing that you suffer/ Englysshmen answered him and said that the normans were worse than ever were englysshmen/ god almighty quoth he usith well the wykkednesse of hem in you and by 'em that be unworthy he takyth wretch of 'em that have trespaced and a guilt  
So god by his good will the fiend by his evil will tormentyth evil men in hell and is tormented with them also/ Ensample may be yeven/ thou art wroth and smytest a man with a staff/ of the breaking of the staff thou rechest but little/ Willelmus de pontificibus likro quarto/ Wulstan was born in warwick shire. and learned lettrure and offyce of holy church in the abbaye osburgh/ Atte last he was made priest and song a long mass/ and heelde him apaid with only the offering of crysten men/ and he was held a clean maid/ he died no outrage in drink/ flesh/ he eat sometime/ but he forsook eating of flesh/ by cause of this hap/ In a day when he should go for to plede/ him seemed that he should first sing his mass/ and than took some meet to relieve with his need/ Thenne a goose was laid to the fire/ & he smelled the roasted flesh/ while he was at mass and was let of his devotion by the smell of the flesh and so he strof long time & might not torn away his thought at this will/ therefore he sworn on the holy sacrament that he had on hand/ that he would never eat such manner meet after that time/ and said his mass and eat and went forth to the ple as he must/ Atte last his devotion increased and he avowed chastity/ and forsook the world by ensample of his forfaders that had avowed chastity before his death time/ and in the abbey of wyrcetre there his father had served before that time/ he was made monk/ there he went upward by all the offices of the house/ He was ever busy in fasting waking and in beads/ he was wont to say his heed on a form of the church/ there he bad his deeds and slept there/ he say before the altar in a night/ in his beads/ and there came a fiend in a man's likeness/ and warstled with him/ whether he would or no. and cast him thrice to the ground/ therefore he had afterward great penance in an evil that is called yleos and grieveth fast by the reins/ the fiend came to him in a servants likeness of the court. as oft as wulstan saw that servant afterward he wexed all pale for dread/ he would not light down from his horse for no breaking of bridges/ but he would ride surely enough upon the high brinks of the bridge· though it were right straight/ Atte last when the foresaid aldredus was translated to the bisshoprych of york wulstan was choose Bishop of wyrcetre specially by the procuring of aldredus that hoped to blind his rebberye by the symplenesse of wulstan/ but he had more help of virtue than of lettrure/ and defended manly the right of his church/ But he was not so lewd of lettrure as he was held/ for he couth what him needed for to kunne/ out take fables of poetes/ and wily and Slygh Sylogismes/ that he would not on cas/ vouch safe for to learn/ wulstan would not assent to his own election/ Thenne one wulsius an holy man had be forty year closed/ blamed him sharply for he would not assent/ Also he was warned of god that he should assent to the election/ In his consecration were two legates of the court of Rome/ and though he made profession to Stygandus the Archebisshop/ he took his consecration and his sacring of aldredus the Archebisshop of york/ but for to avoid challenges that might fall afterward/ Aldredus made protestation that he challenged no right of subjection in wulstan after that time/ though he had be his monk before that time/ Than wulstan was made bishop and spared both meet and drink in his hall all the hours after meet/ as the usage was of englisshmen/ he would sit by him and frote his palms and feign to drink as his time come and comforted him that would drink/ but he did that more for usage of the countraye/ than for any liking that he had therynne/ and he left not of the boost of the normans but he had knights about him where he would wend He said his mass every day and the sauter also/ and memories and minds of famous saints departed a sevene by the sevene hours of the day/ As oft as he was at wyrcetre he would sing the high mass/ and said that he would not leave that offyce for to resygne the bisshopriche/ he would be at collation of monks/ & made the general confession with other/ and gave the beneson/ and go in to his chambre/ when he road on his horse he would say his sawter/ and beneson that englissh men maketh on the cup. he spared it not atte kings board/ if need droof him to plede in any manner time/ he would bid crstes curs to all evil arbytrours and moyens/ but to all the good he would bid crystes blessing/ he used furs of simple price/ and wrought but little of wh●t manner skins/ but be usid more skins of lamb than of other beestes/ and if one had counseyled him sometime that he should use skins of cats/ he answered in his game and said/ I heard sing in the church of god's lamb and not of god's cat/ therefore I love better the heat of the lamb than I do the beet of a cat/ In a time his monks went in the more church that he had builded/ and he saw that the old church was destroyed that saint oswald had builded and wept full sore tears/ He was in fair manner withsaid of that deed/ and it was said unto him that he should rather be glad that his church had so great worship in his time/ And also as the houses were more/ so were the moo of monks/ He answered and said I mean all other wise than you do/ we wretches destroy the works of holy saints for to gete us a great name and praising of men In that time they used not to build/ no hostful buildings/ But they used to offer themself to god under that roof what it ever ewer/ & and to draw their subgettis to their own ensamples/ but we do the contrary and gader stones to heap and retch not of souls In a time he made a sermon of the peace to the people/ and many men turn to love and to peace/ But one there was that would not be acorded in no wise/ nother for reasonne nother for skill nother for praying of the bishop/ he stood before the bishop/ and the bishop said to him/ It is written that men of peace been blessed/ Than they that been not men of peace be wretch's and the devils children/ Than till thou amend thee/ I betake the to him that hath the as his own child/ And anon as he was made the enemies manciple/ he byganne to lygge and to foam/ to grysbyte and to grind with his teth/ and to cast his heed about Wulstan heeled him again/ but he would not of peace/ Than the fiend had him eft and the third time till he had foryeven all manner trespaas/ ¶ In a time lanfrank put against wulstan of lettrure/ And the archebisshop of york Aldredus challenged of him lawful subjection/ and he went out of the palace/ and said the hour of none that he had behind and came again boldly/ and answered and had the mastrye/ ¶ One Alwyn that lived as an anchor at maluerne hills had great will to take the weigh to the holy land and told his counsel to Bishop wulstamn/ the bishop answered nay/ & said leave of Alwyn with thy good will/ trow thou me/ thou wouldest have great wonder if thou wist/ what god thinketh to do by thee/ he died by his rede/ and went thennes·s and gathered thyrtty monks in the same place/ A shipman that height Sewulphus shroof him to wulstan oft of the same sins/ than the bishop said I see well that ease maketh a thief/ therefore I counsel the that thou be a monk/ He would not for it was an hard life/ Go quoth the bishop/ whether thou wilt or no thou shalt be a monk/ and so it happened afterward/ ¶ In a time wulstan groped the heed of one nycol that was his own nory/ that byganne to wax balled right in his yongthe/ wulstan said to him/ I trow son that thou shalt be balled in short time/ Than said he/ father why kepyst thou not my here and make it abide. son quoth the bishop trow thou me/ the other deal of thy here shall abide while I am alive/ and it happened that the same week the bishop deyde/ That here of Nycols heed fill away and loft not on his heed but the bore skin After wulstans death when all the church was a fire/ there fallen neither ysel nor spark nother soot upon wulstans grave/ and so it ferde of the mat that was under him/ when he bad his beads/ Of him it is said that king william the conqueror would have prived for unsuffysaunt lettrure/ And also for he couth no Frenssh and cast in that manner to bring in some nor man's in his stead/ Thenne wulstan took his cross/ & pyghte it in the hard stone at saint edward the kings feet that lay there in his grave/ he pight so the cross/ that no man it might take out of the stone oer he took it himself at the kings heeste/ While he pight there the cross/ he said to king william a better man than thou art/ betook it to me/ and I take it to him again/ take it away now if thou might/   

¶ Capitulum 9  
THis year was the going to jerusalem/ in the which journey was beamund/ and Robert duke of normandy/ By cause of that journey Robert laid normandy to wed to his brother william for ten thousand pound of silver/ Thereafter twelve days before juyl Crysten men took the cyte Acon/ & in the month of october stella cometa that is a star with a bright blazing creest was seen fyften days/ and many men saw the sign of the cross brenning in heaven/ That time saint stevens heed was brought to Cadony in normandy and that with many great miracles/ Among that height Odo brought thither that holy heed/ Henricus libro septimo/ There fill stryf between king William/ and ancelm the archebisshop for Ancelm most make no synods nother correct trespaas/ Also the king challenged the investiture of prelate's and pilled and shaved the people with tribute/ and specially to spend about the tour of london/ and about the great hall of westmynstre/ Also the kings main grieved the people over all where they went/  
Willelmus de Regibus libro quarto/ And yet hereto the rote and nourishing of covetise of Ranulph that was sometime the first king william's priest and his chapellayne was made thus his procurator in every place/ If this Ranulph should gadre the kings tribute/ he would take such two as reasonn would/ He pilled the rich/ & bore down the poor/ & dysperagid herytages & took 'em in to the kings honde/ therefore the king bourded in a time and said that he was a man alone/ for he couth so torn his wit that he wrought of no man's wretch while he might please his ●orde atte full/ By his doing holy dignytees were sold/ and son thereafter he bought the bisshopryche of durham for a thousand pound/ That time they used strowting locks and long blazing clotheses/ gay sporres and sharp/ though men go trypping showing the sides/ Ancelm would amend all this and had no help of his suffragans/ and therefore he went out of englond/ but by hest of the king in his going in a haven of kent he was pilled and rob and faren with as it were a thief/ His males were searched/ his bouges and his trussing coffers & all that he had/ Thenne ancelm went to pope urban in great counsel at barus in apulea/ he declared clearly against thopinion of the greeks that tellyn that the holy ghost cometh of the father and not of the son/ ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro secundo ¶ That time Raf bishop of Chichestre spared not the king nother the bishops that hold against ancelm/ but he spoke for Ancelm and wythsayde the king to his own face/ and dread right naught/ he showed forth his cross and his ring & cesed never neither slaked the great doing of his wit/ er ancelm in his going had brought his cause to a good end/ And also this would he not assent that the king should take tribute of priests that used fornication/ but in all his dyocesy the service of holy church was suspended and the church doors were stopped with thorns/ the king was awelded by grymnesse of that deed So that he granted to him aloone the tribute of his preestes/ Also he aleyde that the church that is destroyed and brent should not be pilled and rob with trybutes. but it should be relieved and helped with free yefts/ And the king that had take from all churches/ he gave gladly to raufes church many great yefts/ This Rauf spared not to blame mysdoers for her sins and if his blaming halp but little/ he would destroy the sin wyttyly/ with game and with myrth· he would go about his dyocyse thrice a year/ but he pilled not his subgettis by might or by mastery/ but what they would freely yeve him he took it with good will/ Hereof would I not speak at this time neither that it should be accounted a miracle now in our age to find in a bishop besinesse of preaching and reasonable receiving/ Willelmus de re/ li/ 4 Will/ de regibus libro quarto/ In a time when king william went an hunting/ there came a messenger and said that Cenemonia was besyeged· Anon the king turned his horse heed and took the way straight to the see/ the lords counseylled him to gader an host/ I shall see quoth he who will follow me/ and went so to the see well nigh alone/ The weather was dark and the wind was against him/ but he would needs sail over/ & shipmen counseled him for to abide the wind & the weder/ I heard never of a king said he that was adreind/ but take up your anchors/ & array you for to sail/ and you shall see that the elements make 'em ready to my service/ So he passed the see/ and they that besyeged Cenomania heard of his coming and broke the siege/ Helyas the master of that treason was take and brought before the king & the king spoke gamely to him & said master now I have the yet is by hap quoth he that thou hast take me/ I wot what I would do might I once escape/ The king was wroth and said go thy way and flee/ I grant the to do what thou mayst and if thou overcomest me/ I shall accord with thee/ For the king died such deeds/ that if it might stand with the faith of holy church/ you would ween/ that Julius Caesar'S soul were passed and comen in to this king as I trow sometime that euforbins' soul passed in to pyctagoras/ Hen. li/ 4/ This year at fynchamstede in barrockshyre a well was y see well blood fyften days/ And all a night heaven was seen brenning a fire/ Also this year hugh and Hugh earls of shrowesbury and of chestre took the ylande mon that height Anglesye also/ and slew walsshmen that were therein and of many they cut of their genetoryes/ and put out her eyen/ Among the which they took a priest that height kynredus and drew him out of the church and put out his one eye/ and kytte of his genetoryes and his tongue/ But by miracle of god he had his speech afterward the third day/  
That time the great king of the norganes the son of Olanus took with him herald that was sometime king heralds son/ and took the ylandes orcades and menanies/ and thennes in to mon/ there the twey foresaid earls were. the earl of shrowesbury went against him and was smite with an a-row right in to the eye & deyde the eight day after that he had kydde his wodenesse of the foresaid priest/ & he was beryed at shrowesbury// W/ de p li/ 2 About that time Robert losang that had be sometime abbot of ramsey and was thenne bishop of tedford was a great nory for simony for he had bought the bisshopryche of the king/ but afterward he was sorry & bywepte the unskilful rest of his yongth and took the way to Rome and come home again and changed and turned his see from Tedford to norwiche/ And he founded a solempnel abbaye with his own cattles and not with the catel of his bisshopryche/ But at Tedford he ordained monks of cluny that were rich in the world and clear of religion to god ward And so herbart was amended by double saw of warning/ that one was of his predecessor herfast/ and was this/ not this but barabas/ And the other was his own and was this/ friend whereto art thou come/ He heard this and wept and said/ I come in an evil manner/ but by god's grace/ I shall go out in good manner/ and had oft in mind the word of jerom that said we erryde in our yongth/ amend we us in our eld/ Henricus libro quarto/ ¶ Than king william came out of normandy/ and when he saw first the great hall of westmynstre/ he said that it was to little by the half/ and therefore he had cast to ordain it for his chambre/   

¶ Capitulum 10/  
About this time began thordre of white monks in burgoyne in the dyocyse of Cabyloneus/ that order is cleped ordre Cystersiensis in latyn and bygan in this manner/ W/ de r/ li/ 2 One steven hardyng of the nation of englond monk of shyrburn from his childholde went in to scotland and afterward in to france/ there he learned liberal sciences and took the pricks of the love of god and went to Rome at last with one of his school feres No grief might depart them twain/ No thing them letted that they nold every day say the sauter/ It sprang in his wit as it came forth afterward/ For he came in to burgoyne and in to molies in the great new abbaye/ he threw away the here/ there he took lightly the points of the rule that he had seen before/ And when he saw other put forth to be held and kept that he had never seen/ nother heard in saint benets rule/ he inquired the skylle & the reason thereof soberly as a monk should & said/ the higher worcher made all thing by reason & gouneth all thing that he made by reason/ by reason the elementis have their being & the stars also moveth by reason and kepyn their course by reason/ And so should our kind stand by reason & falls of the reason by sleuthe and uncunning and is y cleped again by law to reason/ & also by saint benets rule/ in the which rule is somewhat contained of the which I am not of power to conceive the reasonne/ but yet I hold that it be resonne to assent to authority/ For the auctorytees of holy scripture been alone though it seem sometime/ that they discord and god doth nothing without reasonne/ how shall I than trow that holy father that followed cast ordained aught without reasonne/ As though we should yeve faith to all one authority & naught to reason/ Than of that you do show some authority other reason/ and showeth ensample of saint benets rule/ if you mow not/ it is all ydel that you make profession/ that is so noble & despise to follow the lore thereof/ the sentence of this speech passed from one to other & moved many on jest/ they had run in veyn other should run in veyn/ than it was deemed that the superfluity of the rule should be take away & only the marouh should be hold/ thabbot made him busy to make all assent/ but it is hard to wretch up on thoughts that is rooted in of long time/ Only eyghten monks & abbot hardyng left that abbey & said that the cleanness of the rule might not be held in place there riches were gathered & there plente of meet & deynk stoffed the soul & the wit that should withstand/ than they went to cisterus a place that was to fore hon full of wood & of lands/ but now there is a famous abbey/ the which abbey is hugely advanced by help of the bishop of yven/ & afterward by help of the pepe· R/ Theraft the year of our lord a/ M· an C/ & xxxv/ one walt espek brought that order of white monks in to englond/ & made at Ryval an abbey of thordre of Cysteraus that is thordre of white monks W/ de regibus li/ quarto/ These been the obseruauntes that semyn hard in that ordre/ they shall were no manner furs nother linen clot nother woollen that is small and soft as stamyn nother breach/ but in the weigh one of hem shall have on him twey curtels & a cowl/ though it be winter but if they will they may have less in some manner time/ they sleep clothed & gird & after mateyns they go never to bed ageyn· they dispose so the hour and time that before lauds the day light beginneth to spring/ anon after lauds they sing prime/ after that they go to handwork that they do by day they make an end thereof without candle light/ none of hem shall be from hours nother from compline/ but if he be seek/ after complin the selerer & the hosteler go stilly out & serve the guests/ thabbot doth not himself/ but nigh as he granteth to other monks/ he is overall present with his flok/ but only at meet & that by cause of guests/ & thenne he is served but only with twey messes/ none of hem eateth blood nother flesh but if he be seek/ from the thirteenth day of September to the easter tide/ they eat but one's a. day out take the sunday/ they go never out of their cloystre/ but by cause of hondwerk/ they speak in no place but to their prior or the abbot/ they put no gybletes to the hours of god's service out take placebo and dirige for the deed/ they use Ambros offyce & have charge of guests and of seek men/ first this abbot of molyce held streytely these ordinances and compelled other to hold 'em also/ but in time that come afterward the man thought● that he had be lykyngly nourished and some of the monkey knew well his lust and liking/ and procoured lettres of the pope of revoking by the which lettres this abbot was brought again to his first abbey and all the monks with him out take eight and made alberyk her abbot and hardyng her prior/ But thereafter this steven hardyng was abbot there and builded sixten abbeys/ and byganne the seventeenth/ That order encreced so that time/ that the monks of Cysteus were espied/ of all monks the myrour of 'em that were goodly busy and repreef/ and chasting of sleuth/ here they be cleped ostrum of the slow oostrun height tanu in frensshe   

¶ Capitulum 11  
AFter urban the second pascalis was pope eighteen year and five months/ In his thirteenth year he was prysonned/ & his cardinals also/ by the fourth henry the Emperor that assaylled Rome/ & the pope might not be delivered oer he had sworn fewte to henry the Emperor and byhight him the investiture & prelate's with the cross and with the ring/ and also that he should never curse themperour/ and hereof he written him a privilege in this manner I embrace and take all holy writ the old testament and the new law and the propheties the gospels/ and the holy pystels/ all the general counsel and decrees of Bisshopes of Rome what they held/ I hold/ And what they damn/ I damn also/ And namely that privilege that is more verily a privilege that is an evil law that was sometime granted to henry we damn it without end/ W/ de p/ li/ 3 When william bishop of durham was deed the king yave the bisshopryche to one walter that had be the elder williams priest/ & his chapellayn/ the king yave him the bisshopryche for a thousand pound/ Evil doers that fled to saint cuthberts church/ this drew 'em out of church and made monks sit with him specially in his hall at meet and served 'em with meet that was forbade/ and ordained women to serve 'em with her here sprad behind that seemed wowing gyglotes in clothing face and semblant/ there uneath escaped any that he was undertake/ For if he turned away his eye he was cleped an ypocryte and if be were assenting or according with the mirth he was cleped a nice man and a fool/ but this is worthy to be greatly praised for by his procuring saint Cuthberts' body was take onte of the grave and clothed in new clothing/ and king of waldes' ●eede was founden between his arms/ Osmund bishop of Salesbury deyed/ Also this year the see flood sprang up by temse/ and drowned many towns/ the devil was seen and spoke with many men of the kyngys' malice and of his hasty death/ Willelmus de Regibus/ libro quarto/ The king was warned thereof and set little thereby/ Also this year hugh abbot of cluny sygh in his suenene king william brought before god almighty and dampened/ Hugh the Abbot tiled that to ancelm that was so exiled/ Also this met that he was let blood and bledde blood that dymmed the sun/ therefore he cried oft saint marry and saint mary· and awoke of his sleep and bad bring light/ and commanded that the chamberlayus should with him abide/ than the thyrdde day of August/ the year of our lord enl●uen honderd/ and his kingdom thyrtene/ and his age four and forty/ in the new forest he was shot of one walter tyrel that was his own meyneal that would have shot to an heart and so the king died & few men wept for sorrow/ walter tyrel escaped and no man him pursued/ & so the king was laid in an horse bear & lad to wynchestre/ and his blood dropped down in the weigh as he was lad/ and he was buried within the tour of the bisshopryche/ That tour fell down withynne a year thereafter/ this man took upon him great deeds and cast to do well greater if the destyne of his life had be scaped to make thereof a good end/ Before the next day of his death one asked him where be would hold his mid winters tide/ at peyters quoth he/ For the earl of that place arayeth him for to wend to jerusalem and would borrow money of him and say his land to wed/ he would suffer no counseylle of Bishops should be made/ he sold dygnytees of holy church in divers manner wise and held some in his own honde/ For on the day of his death he held three bisshopryches in his hands caunterbury wynchester and Salesbury/ and twelve abbeys also And some he let to ferme also· He desired to be every man's heir/ he werned the tribute to rome for stryf that was in the church of Rome between pope Vrban and wybert the Antypope/ ¶ Henricuslibro septimo/  
And though he were light of deeds he was stable and stydfaste of works/ so that if he byhyght any man good other evil/ he might be full syker of that he had by height/ And though he was most coveytous of money/ yet he died one deed that is worthy to be kept in mind/ For in a time an abbot was deed in englond/ and twey monks gathered a great sum of money/ and went to the king either to supplant other/ to get the Abbots offyce/ and the thyrdde went with 'em in that intent to bring him home meekly that should be abbot/ These twain stood before the king/ and the one behighted more than that other/ and the thyrdde stood still and spoke never a word/ ¶ And the king asked him what he would yeve/ nothing said he/ For I will neither yeve neither promise/ Come near quoth the king/ for thou art worthy and none other to take so holy a charge/  
The other deeds that longeth to king williams life look 'em within Ancelms life/ Capitulo 14   

¶ Capitulum 12  
King  the rede used lemans alway & deyde without children/ & his younger brother henry was king after him/ And waschose at wynchestre the fifth day of August/ and crowned at ● westmynstre of morys bishop of london for Ancelm was not there/ this was gete in wedlok the thyrdde year of his father's kingdom/ He spent his first yougthe in liberal arts and sciences/ ¶ His brother wylliam had grieved him in a time & his father comforted him in this manner/ Son weep thou not for thou shalt be a king/ Than in the last year of his father's kingdom/ & in the/ nineteeen/ year of his age he was made knight of his own father and went with his own father in to normandy and was at his faders dying/ son thereafter as it is said before/ and his other brethren were goon every in his side as it happened him at that time/ therefore he had his father's blessing & his mothers heritage and treasure and dread the pride of his brothers but little/ he bowed him alweye to his brother robert fo● myldenesse of heart/ but robert groaned alway and trowed lightly tale tellers·s and also Robert spent in his knights soudyou●● three thousand pound that were byquethe henry in his fad●●● testament/ Thenne henry was made king most by the help of henry earl of warwick that was before his meyneal/ He made holy church free/ but he held the forestes in his own hand/ he held Edward'S law with the amending thereof he gave the grievous pencions/ he put out of his court the men that used wimmens manner & restored again in his court candle light/ by night that was left of in his faders tyme. & closed ranulph bishop of durham in the tour of london & reconciled ancelm archebisshop of caunterbury that was so exiled/ he chasted the false mesures of merchants and brought forth the length of his own arm/ he would fight more gladly with counseyl than with sword/ he would eat to staunch his hunger and not for gloteny/ he would never drink but he were a thirst/ In himself and in his main alweye he hated outrage of meet and of drink/ After great stryf that was between him and ancelm the archebisshop/ he resigned to god and to saint peter the investiture of prelate's that was ●●ne by secular honde/ Atte last was made a counseyl of bishops at london/ and strompettes were put away and remeoved & he wedded mould the daughter of malcolyn king of Scotland/ Ancelm crowned her queen upon a saint martyns day/ Willelmus de p/ li/ tercio/ This year died thomas archebisshop of york & gyralde was archebisshop after him a lecherous man a wytche and evil doer as the fame tellyth/ For under his pile when he deyde in an erber was found a book of curious crafts/ the book height julius frumeus/ In that book he radde privily in the under tides/ therefore uneath the clerks of his church would suffer him be buried under heaven without holy church/ Willelmus de re/ li/ 5/ In the mean time earl Robert the kings brother heard of the death of king william the reed/ and came again out of the holy land in to apulea and thennes in to normandy and arrayed him to wend in to englond/ Than it was known/ and many of the lords feigned some small occasions and withdrew 'em privily and openly from king henry & cleped him godryche godfader and scent privily for earl Robert/ And hereto Rauf bishop of durham that had been before prysonned/ gate a roope and escaped out of the tour of london/ and went in to normandy and encouraged duke Robert against king henry/ Will de regibus libro quarto ¶ This Robert was king william the conquerors elder son a little man of body with a fat womb/ In his first knighthood he used his faders manners/ but afterward by heat of his young blood and counsel of fools pricked him & he founded to have normandy while his father was alive/ and when his father warned it him/ he went away for wretch and made oft rests upon the countray. first his father scorned him but afterward he sworn by the resurrection of Cryst and said Robert schort boot my son shall be a noble man/ For else had robert not that should he blamed/ For he was curtoys and fair of face of shap and of speech/ mighty of strength and sad of counseyl/ but at last his father was so wroth with him that he prived him of the heritage of englond and left him uneath ther●dom of normandy/ he died many great deeds in the holy land/ & was so wondered in every place that he might never be unhorsed by crysten man nother by paynym/ ¶ Also at jerusalem in an ester even he stood among other men and abode the fyere that was wont to come from heaven and tend some man's taper/ Than his taper was y tende by doing and virtue of god/ Therefore all men chose him king of jerusalem· But when he heard of the death of his brother william king of englond/ he refused the kingdom of jerusalem/ not by cause of reverence but for dread of travail or covetise of the kingdom of England/ Therefore him happened never well thereafter in battle/ Also in the coming again from jerusalem he wedded the daughter of william de aversana in Apulea a fair woman of shap and lost her by an evil after few years/ yet was said that he was beguiled by counsel of a mydwyf that kytte her breasts for great plenty of milk that ran of her breasts when she had child/ but she had a son than sight william noble man of wit/ Robert took great money for that marriage & wasted it son thereafter/ Than he gathered a great host in every side and came in to englond for to reve his brother henry the kingdom/ and londed at portesmouth but by mean of the wisest men of the kingdom peace was made upon such a condition that Robert should have every year three thousand marc/ and whether of 'em lived longest should be others heir/ if he deyde without heir male/ but the next year after Robert came in to englond/ and atte request of mould the queen he forya● that pension of three thousand marc/ Thenne Robert went again & was little y told of among the normans/ so that the normans prayed king henry to come against Robert/ The king c●m and bynam him all normandy little and little/ Rone/ Cane and faleys in the which cities Robert went burethely up and down Therefore they of ca●e were wroth and prayed king henry for to come to them and closed their yates against Robert/ Thenne Robert fled to Rone with one squire alone and prayed help of the king of France/ and of the Earl of Flaundres/ but Robert was helpless for them and founded to yeve his brother a battle and was overcome and taken and kept in ward seven year to his lives end/ and died in the castle of Cardef and. was buried at Gloucestre   

¶ Capitulum 13  
THis year Robert de Bolysme roos against king Henry/ This Robert was the greatest of the sons of Rogyer de mount Gomeryk earl of shrowesbury/ Robert strengthened his castles of shrowesbury of brugges of Arundel of tykenhyl/ And encouraged many walsshmen against the king/ But within forty days the king won and took all these strengths and overcome the walsshmen with yefts and fair byheestes/ And compelled this Earl Robert to forswear England/ and he sailed in to normandy/ and son thereafter willian Earl of mortom in normandy and of Cornewayle in Englond sailed to Robert in to normandy/ For the king had warned him the erldome of kente/ These twain fautors warrayed and died great harm in normandy/ King henry heard thereof and bynam the earl of mortom all that he had in englond and sailed thereafter in to normandy/ & made it subgette not without shedding of blood/ And prysoned the twey foresaid Earls to their lives end that were men full of gyle and stryf & of wiles/ than king henry left great peace in normandy and came again in to englond and made sharp laws against falls men and thieves/ in the which laws is contained lost and losing of eyen of pryny stones of fustes and of hands/ Than he made subgette the Scots the walsshmen/ the britons of beyond see/ and Louis king of France/ Than king henry lay in normandy and pope Calyxtus came nigh to normandy among other causes for to have king henry sharply at answer for the prysonnement of his brother Robert pylgrym of jerusalem/ But he had seemly answers and ceesed of that cause/ All manner arguing may be bond toward other side by the facunde of the pleder the which facunde is with presents specially lighted/ And for no pomp and boost should fail/ the king made the young sons of the earl of mellent appose the cardinals that were tho present/ and embryge him. and smart him with s●tyl sophyms/ therefore the cardinals shamed not to knowleche/ that there was more wit and cunning of clergy in the west lands than they had herd of speak/ ¶ Hugh earl of chestre king wylliam the conquerors nephew in his systres side deyde/ and his son Richard a child of seven year old was Earl after him/ Ancelm made a counsel at london and put down many abbots and forbade setting of dygnytees to ferme/ and deemed that Sodomytes should be accursed every sondaye/ but afterwards he undide that doing for pupplycation of vice/ that was norysshing of more hardiness to wicked hert●s to do such deeds/ Also he forbid preestes wives/ strif fill between the king and ancelm by cause that he would not sacre the prelate's that had take investiture of lewd men's hands/ namely because that the pope had forbade it upon pain of cursing/ but giralde Archebisshop of of york sacred such prelate's/ therefore ancelm was moved and went to the pope/ The countray of flaundris was destroyed with casting up the gravel of the see/ therefore the flemynges go about long time and had no place to dwell in/ therefore they prayed and had granted of king henry a place for to dwell in fast by twede in the eest side of englond/ but in the eleventh year they were turned in to west wales/ For the mysbyleve of some prelate's/ saint Cuthberts' body was founden hoole and sound the year after his beri●ng/ CCCC & xiv year/ and between his arms saint Oswaldes heed was founden all hoole and sound/ The seventh day of juyn were seen four white cercles about the son/ That year the first week of lenten on the friday at even was an uncouthe star seen schyne between the souche and the west and schoones so every day in the same hour five & twenty days/ Also a great beam was seen come against that star out of the eest side/ thereafter in cene thoursday that some men clopyn cheer thoursdaye were seen twey full moans a little before day one in the eest and another in the west/ That year was a gasely stryf between the father henry emperor and his own son henry/ so that the son prysonned the father/ That year king henry came to becco/ and ancelm was acorded with him/ and sent thennes in to englond/   

¶ Capitulum 14/  
THis year the fourth henry the son of the thyrdde henry began to be emperor among duche men/ and reigned nyntem year/ he cast his own father in bounds in the which his father de●d Also he took and prysonned pope paschal and the cardinals as it is said before/ therefore men trowed that he deyde without children though he had wedded mould when she was but five year old Henry's daughter king of englond/ At last he reputed and resygned up the rights of holy church freely to pope calyx●/ and so as the sooth opinion tellyth ●e exiled himself by his own free will unwitting his wyf and died at chestre/ Ancelm made a counseylle at london and there it was ordeygned by assent of the king that never after that time the king should not nother other lewd person make investiture with croos other with ring  
That time gyrald archebisshop of york/ put his hands between the hands of Ancelm Archebisshop of caunterbury/ and died him obedience. Than the tenth day of August at london Ancelm sacred five bishops in one day/ the bishop of wynchestre/ Of salesbury of excetre/ of herford and of glamorgan/ That happened not after plegyndus time This year king henry ordained that thieves should be hanged and that falls money and falls seel makers should l●se their eyen and her privy stones/ and that pennies and half penyes should be round/ Philip king of france deyed/ and his son Louis was king after him/ Girald archebisshop of york died and thomas the nephew of the elder thomas was archebisshop after him seven year/ king henry made a bishops see at Ely and ordained there henry that had be bishop of bangor And for in that doing he took a great deal of the bisshopryche of lyncoln/ and gaf Cambryggeshire to the see of ely/ therefore he yaf the bishop of lyncoln his own ryal town of spalding That year died saint hugh abbot of cluny in the easter week/ After that our lady and saint peter and saint hillarye had apeyred to him ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro primo// That year died ancelm Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ And the next day after that fill the Cene thoursday/ he was enoint with balm that god sent down from heaven/ And so he was beryed/ And than the see of Caunterbury was void full five year/ And in the mean time holy church good was spent in the kings use/ ¶ And when the king was moved to help the church that so was hedles as it were a widow/ he would put it of with a meek answer/ and say that his father and his brother had made Archebisshops the best men that they could find/ and that he would not go out of kind/ but he would make archebisshop the best man that he might find/ such answer seemed full of law & of right/ but the great some of money that was ar●red of the archebisshoprych● pleased the kings herte· though emerus monk of Caunterbury had write and described saint ancelms life at full/ yet by the help of william malmesbury somewhat mote be said of so noble a man/ Than ancelm was born in the Cyte August fast by the hills that height Alpes/ and was lettred & chaste of his childehode & had his fader● wreath and might please him in no manner wise/ wherefore he fled away far from his father and came to becco in normandy/ And was favoured under lāfrāk prior of becco/ and was made monk there in his six and twenty year/ After three year lanfrank prior of becco was translated to the abbaye of Cadony/ Andrea ancelm was made prior under abbotte herlewyn/ Thenne Ancelm yave him to penance and to fasting and to teaching of children namely fyften year and would say full often that him was liefer to be in hell without sin than in heaven with sin/ he made many books of clergy in the which our believe that other men make 'em busy to win with aucterite/ he strengthened with reasons and arguments that may not be assoylled/ So that he passed not only her works that were before him· but also be gathered her works all in to one heap/ Also lie wit & patience he overcome the malice of his enemies/ After the fyftenthe year of his priory herlewin Abbot of becco deide and ancelm was made abbot in his stead and held him five year out of England/ though his coming were needful for many manner causes jest that it should be deemed that he converted the archebisshopryche of caunterbury that wided tho by lanfranks death But atte last for three manner causes he was compelled for to come in to englond as it is said before/ That time in ●nglonde was robbery under king william the reed and prescriptions/ and exylynges and taking in to the kings honde/ For it were esyer to by waill the Empire of one man alone than be under new lords that comen one after other/ Among all this was great silence among the bishops/ The ryghtful doom was choked within the conscience of 'em that might not other dared not speak for dread of one man/ For what prouffyt is it for to speak there thou shalt arere wretch/ and win no proufyt/ thenne was hope for to escape all this meschyef if the banyonr ancelm that was first common child were made archebisshop/ King William put of all that was well said to him with swelling wretch other with mirth and curtosye of speech/ he suffered do no beads for him/ nother for the state of holy church/ but he said pray you what you will/ I shall do what me liketh/ ¶ At last he was take with a great sickness and sent for Ancelm/ and by assent of bishops he ordained that he should be Archebisshop and he wythsayde it/ & allayed for him in this manner/ if a young sheep that is Ancelm shall be coupled and yocked to a wild bull that is william the reed/ for they draw not all like/ the solouh of holy church shall not go a right/ But Ancelm took the investiture and was sacred/ but he recovered of his sickness and was worse after than before/ his friends counseled him to good/ and he used to answer and say/ per vultum de luca/ god shall never have me good/ for the harm that he doth me/ Also this king was a Ravenour in fathering and a great waster in spending/ he feared despytously every man that proffered him aught/ but the yefte were great and according to his own heart/ So in a time saint ancelm proffered the king five honderd pound/ and he would not take it/ Than Ancelm deled it to poor men/ divers wondres were seen in to all englond/ for at shrowesbury was a great earth shaking/ & a● notyngham from the erly morrow tide to under of the day/ The river of trent was so fordryed that men might go therover dry foot/ And stella cometa that is a star with bright beming crest was seen three hoole weeks in the month of juyn/  
Than was an hard winter/ strong hunger. death of men/ pestilence of beestes & fighting of fowls that fought to geders/ king henry builded the abbey of Hide without the walls of wynchestre that was before within the cyte/ This year the fourth henry emperor of almaigne/ wedded mould king henry's daughter at magounce the sixth day of januar/   

¶ Capitulum 15  
THe fyftenthe day of October fill great defaute of water in Englond/ so that horse and men might wade between temse bridge and the tour of london that dureth a day and a night/ ¶ Willelmus de pontificibus libro tercio/ ¶ This year was a counseyl at wyndesore and the king ordained faricius abbotte of abyndon to the see of Caunterbury/ but the charge of that deed come to the examyning of bishops/ and they put before him Raaf bishop of Rochestre/ Also that year one thurstan was choose archebisshop of york/ the king charged him oft that he should do lawful subjection to rauf Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ but him was liefer leave the dignity than be obedient to the Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ Butler whaune he was prived and had no service as he was wont/ he was aggrieved and for thought that deed full sore/ and followed the king over see/ there by procuring of thurstynes clerks/ pope pascal sent a letter to the king for to restore thurstan again/ when he was eft come to the see of york yet he had scorn to do lawful obedience to the Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ than the old stryf was renewed again/ first there the pope promised to the king of englond and to Raaf Archebisshop of Caunterbury that he would nothing ordain against the dignity of holy church of Caunterbury/ ¶ Willelmus libro secundo/ But it seemed that he granted a privilege in this manner/ ¶ Of all the autentyk grants that your church hath granted of our predecessors/ we will nothing withdraw. but will that it stand and be kept without any wemme/ Here if the pope hath said your church hath these. dygnytees & these he had assoylled the plea and the stryf/ but now he leaveth/ the stryf all unassoylled/ So the gyleful speak of Romans can torn himself to the walls of pleders/ So that him liketh he would suspend in veyn and leave it in doubt/ and spareth net the cost and travail of other men while he casts for his own prouffyte and advantage/ therefore when the kings messengers were go/ the pope was bowed other for favour other for yefts more gylefully than so great a man should and forsook the rule of old time and sacred thurstan and yaf him the pal/ Willelmus de pontifici●us libro tercio ¶ King henry had great indignation thereof and forbid thurstan his land/ but he was afeard by the pope's lettres/ in the which it was contained/ the king should take thurstan owther be accursed and suspended by the dignity of the offyce of Caunterbury· Willelmus de pontificibus libro primo/ King henryes first wyf was deed/ Than he wedded the duke's daughter of lotharyngia/ In the day of the wedding Raaf Archebisshop of Caunterbury that was wrethful and accumbered with the palesey and sygh the bishop of Salesbury revested to do the solemnity of that wedding/ and made him leave of that deed/ and ordained the bishop of wynchestre to do that offyce/ than the next day thereafter he saw king henry crowned against his conscience/ and went to him and said/ thou art unryghtfully crowned/ therefore thou shalt leave thy crown other I shall leave the mass/ father quoth the king/ amend thou that is mysdoo/ Than Raaf spared uneath for prayers of lords/ but he had smitten down the crown of the kings heed He was a steadfast man of good living of lettrure and of fair speech without suspection of any trespaas that was known/ but that he used more laughing and playing than it seemed his state and his age/ and he was nigh cleped a japer/ the winter was hard/ so that many bridges in englond were broken in thawing of the ice/ ¶ In the month of may came so many flies/ and flyed about in the land of jerusalem that they eat and destroyed wines trees and corn/ And when they had do her journey a day some fly and some go on her feet to her herb row at even/ In ytaly was an earth shaking that dured forty days/ so that many houses were thrown down/ and a great town was moved and have far out of one place in to another/ Pope pascal died/ johan gaytanus was pope after him/ This was the rather pope's chancellor and was cleped the second gelasius and was pope a year and an half/ Henry the emperor heard that his privilege of the investiture of prelate's was with cleped and went to Rome to take more grievous wretch of pope paschal and herd of pope paschalis death/ And▪ put one mories burdyn in to the poperyche/ This morys was bishop of bacher/ and the emperor cleped this moris the seventh gregory/ For dread of the emperor pope gelasius left Rome/ and sailed to give and went thence on his feet to cluny/ and died there/ the cardinals than there took Gy/ Archebisshop of vyen/ and made him pope/ and cleped him the second kalyxte. R/ Also this year died florencius monk of wyrcetre/ by his study and travail this story is greatly height/ Grete stryf was between the kings of Englond and of france and henry king of Englond overcome the king of france ryally in battle/ ¶ Willelmus de p●. libro quinto/ ¶ Here after king henry married his elder son william to ful●oes daughter duke of angeo/ Than was peace made between the kings/ For this william held normandy of the king of France/ and died him homage/ For that land by grant of his father king henry/ For the king was so great/ that he would not do homage to the king of france for normandy/ Than king henry made his free men of englond and of normandy to do homage to his son william/ than men hoped thereby that king Edward'S profecye should be fulfilled in this william/ In that prophecy it was said that when the tree that is kytte cometh to the stok again and springeth/ than shall be hope of remedy/ but that was blend by changing of the hap of mankind/ For after that the king had dwelled three year in normandy/ this william was adreynt/ Also that time this Earl Fulco went to jerusalem and bytoke the erldom of angeo to the king of englond to keep to the prouffyte of his son in law if he come not again/   

¶ Capitulum 16/  
THe second calyxt was pope five year and five months/ ●e gathered strength in every side and took and prysonned morys the foresaid antipope and made first set him upon a camel and turn his face toward the camels tail/ And so he road/ and held the tail in his honde in stead of a brydel and rood before the pope/ Willelmus de regibus libro quinto ¶ ● About th●s time began thordre premostracensis/ that is the order of white canons and bygan in the dyocesy laudunensy· under the father nothbert of the nation of Coloyn/ About this time died mould queen of englond/ first she was learned lettrure and was nourished among menchons/ at wynchestre/ for to put of unworthy marriage/ that her father proffered her oft time/ she bore the veil of holy avow/ therefore king henry would have her to wyf/ that doing fill in great desputyson/ and ancelm wythstode that marriage till it was proved by lawful witness that she took the veil for to put of wowers and for none other cause/ This had twey children at one byrthen a son and a daughter/ and cessed of children bearing/ than she dwelled at westmynstre & was found as a queen by the kings will/ But she were the here under the ryal array and go barfote to church in the lente time and was not squaymes to wesshe seek men's feet and grope sore botches with her hands and kiss the seek men and set to hem a meet board and serve 'em/ Also she loved moche gods service/ therefore she spent moche on clerks that couth well sing/ therefore famous men of school come to her with versus and with song as it were out of all lands/ ¶ Also she spent largely in comers that came of every side/ Desire of praising is so kindly pyghte in men's hearts/ that uneath any man though he be of good conscience hold him apaid with the fruit of his good works/ but yet he hath liking that the people know of his good deeds/ by cause of such deeds she pyled her plough men/ but that may be wist by the counseylle of her mynystres  
¶ Willelmus de Regibus libro quinto/ The syxthe day before december at harfleet In normandy up go the anchors/ and the king sailed graciously in to englond/ His son william would sail after him/ and was adreynte and many noble men not far from land./ ¶ The kings son Richard bastard was among hem and nota the contesse of Percy/ and Richard Earl of Chestre and his wyf that was the kings niece/ and the archdeacon of Herford/ and other in the number of an honderd and forty/ Of hem all escaped none but one churl bochour that swam all night upon a broken mast/ and came to the clyve in the morrow tide/ and told all the geste/ how it was byfalle/ ¶ all these went by night in to a new ship with drunken shipmen/ and fill anon upon a rock not far from the land/ and the ship to cleef/ And william the kings son was do in a boat in the which he might have be saved well enough/ but when he. came to the clyf he heard his sister weep & cry/ than he turned again and took her in to his boat/ Than other men start in to that boot/ and overlode it and drowned the boat and all that was therynne out take the foresaid churl/ But it was wonder that great treasure was founden fast by the clives in the morrow/ and none of the deed bodies were found/ but they were all eten of the ffysshes of the see/ Henr/ libro septimo/ And it was said that nigh all these were sodomytes/ ¶ William/ And also this william the kings elder son had menaced Englyssh men that if ever he were lord over hem/ he would make 'em draw as oxen at plough/ ¶ R/ Also Richard earl of Chestre had menaced that when he were ●●me out of normandy/ he would destroy the monks of Chestre that his father had ordained there/ W/ de re/ li/ 5 ¶ Hereafter fulco earl of Angeo/ whose daughter william that was drowned had wedded come out of the holy land and married his other daughter to Robert short hooses son/ and yaf with her the Erldome of Cenomannia/ For king henry withheld his dower in Englond/ Hereafter/ ¶ Henry married his daughter mould to the fourth henry Emperor of Almaigne/ ¶ This year king henry made a greet park at Wodestode/ when Richard Earl of Chestre was drowned/ the first Ranulph de mescheves/ the son of the first Hugh was earl eight year after him/ Raaf Archebisshop of Caunterbury died and william Canonicus was Archebisshop after him/ ¶ About this time began the order of the templars/ These were gathered of the Relief of the hospytalers/ & ordeygned 'em a place in the porch of the temple of jerusalem/ therefore they be cleped knights of the temple/ these were sustained by the Relief of the hospytalers both in meet and in armure/ and wax so rich that it seemed that the daughter passed and wyryed the mother/ Atte last for vile apostasy and despising of Cryst/ they were destroyed in the fifth pope Clement's tyme· the year of our lord a thousand three honderd and twelve/ ¶ Henricus libro septimo/ ¶ johan Cardynal of Rome came in to Englond and made a grievous process against preestes concubines & said that it is a foul● sin and a great to arise from a strompettes side to sacre crystes body/ but the same day after that he had song mass he was taken with a strumpet at even/ thing that was openly yknown might not be forsake/ Hit most needs be known if this dysplesyth any man/ I reed him hold his peace/ and be still jest it would be deemed that he follow johan in words/ and in deeds/ After kalixt the second honorius was pope five year/ The fourth henry the Emperor of almayn is deed/ & some men tellyn that he is buried at spire with his forfaders with such writing on his tomb/ Here lieth the son and the father and the grauntsyr and the faders grauntsyre. R/ But it seemeth/ that Gyrald in his book itinerario wallie hath the more sooth understanding/ there he saith that this henry after that he had emprysoned his fleshly father/ and his ghostly father the pope/ and the cardinals also/ him repent atte last and went away unwitting his wyf mould of Englond/ & exiled himself by his good will/ and lived at Chestre ten year as an heremyte/ and by cause he would not be known the while he was alive/ he cleped himself godestal that is god's cleping/ when the emperor was so privily gone/ mould the Emperyce came again to her father king henry in to normandy/ there she was soon married to geffroy plantagenet earl of Angeo/ and had by him the second henry that after him was king of England/   

¶ Capitulum 17/  
when the fourth Henry was go Lotharius duke of Saxon was made Emperor/ At london was made a counseylle/ and it was granted to king henry/ that he should do right of preestes fornycaryes'/ and of her concubines But he died not else but took money in every syde· That year in presence of the king the lords of England sworn/ that they would keep the kingdom to his daughter mould the emperyce/ if she lived after his day/ and if he deyde without other children/ ¶ Saint mathies the Apostles body was founden in the Cyte Trever/ the which body Agricius the archebisshop had brought thither out of Constantinople in the elder Constantynes time/ and he had that body of the yefte of Helen the queen/ ¶ After Honorius the second innocentius was pope thyrtene year and sevene months/ ¶ Peter leonis that height Anacletus also assaylled the Poperyche/ and so fill greet strife in holy church/ ¶ This Anacletus was choose of the lass deal and party/ and chased innocentius out of the cyte/ And spoiled the churches of Rome and meded the Romayns with the money of the churches/ But innocentius and the cardinals woned with the king of France/ and made a counsel at Rome and in his coming again he crowned lotharius duke of Saxon/ and sacred him Emperor/ ¶ By his help he chased Rogyer duck of Sycilya and of Apul●a that was rebel to this innocentius the pope/ when the first Ranulph earl of Chestre was deed/ his son the second Ranulph Gercious by his surname was Earl after him five and twenty year/  
The earl of Flaundres died/ and Henry king of Englond by the assent of the king of France had the Erldome after him by right of blood and of kindred/ mould the emperyce was soon forsake of her husband Geffroy/ and went to her father in to normandy/ there the king saw three wonder sights/ Fyrsts he saw in his sleep many clerks assaylle him with tolls and ask of him debt/ Eft he saw a Rout of men of Arms that would refe on him with all manner weepen/ the third time he saw a great company of prelate's menace him with their croyses And at every time the king start up of his bed and caught his sword and cried help/ as though he would slay some men/ but he might no man find/ ¶ Also a physician grymbald by his name saw all these sights/ and told 'em to the king erly in the morrow/ And as danyel had sometime charged Nabugodonosor/ So he charged the king that he should do alms deeds in remedy of his sins/ Thenne the king went in to Englond and was sore troubled with tempest in the see/ & made his avow that he would relece the danes tribute for seven year/ and that he would visit saint edmund/ and do and use ryghtwysenesse/ ¶ In France was so great drought/ that Rivers and wells were fordryed/ ¶ Also fyere come in to the chines of the earth that might not be quenched nother with wet nother with cold/ nother with doing of craft/ ¶ This year at kerdef died the kings brother Robert that was sometime Earl of normandy and was beryed at gloucetre before the high Auter/ ¶ William the son of nychellus founded the pryorye of norton in the province of chestre/ ¶ Also thabbey of Cumbremer was founded in the same province/ ¶ And henry short mantel is born the son of the Emperyce/ King Henry died in normandy/ Of him one moved in metre in this manner/ King henry died fairness sometime now deol of the world/ God's now wepyn for her god that is now deed/ marcurius the lass. in speech/ heart strong as apollo/ jupiter in hest and mars in strength/ grieveth Englond in childhood and kingdom right of this godde was high in shining for derk now falls a down This land with his king/ normand with his duke well with away/ This land nouryssheth the child/ that other now lesyth the man/ Henr/ li/ 8/ When king henry was deed men deemed of him and spoke freely/ what they would as they do of other men when they be deed/ Somme said that he passed other men in three things in wit/ in speech and in fortune of battle/ Other said that he was overcome with three vices/ with covetise with cruelness/ and with lust of lechery/ Also the kings bowels were draw out of his body/ and his brain taken out of his heed/ and the body salted with much salt/ and for to avoid the stench that had infect many men it was at last closed in a bowl skin/ & yet might not the noyful odour be let/ But he that took out the brain of the heed died of the stench/ he had eten of a lamprey while he was old and feeble and he loved it alway though it grieved him evermore/ The kings body was brought in to englond and beryed in the abbaye of Reding that he had founded out of the ground/ Henricus libro septimo/ In this kings time one Simon the son of Robert bishop of lyncolne was in his flowers deen in the same church/ he was sharp of wit/ clear of speech/ fair of face/ and of shap and gracious with all/ young of age and wise and ready/ as an old man/ but he was spytted with the vice of pride/ In him of his pride sprung envy of envy. wretch of wretch/ stryf and bakbyting/ he spoke in a time of himself and said/ I am set among men of court as salt among quick eels/ he took heed of one proprete of that saw and was not war of that other/ For als salt among eyes grieveth full sore· So he grieved men of the court with bacbyting and evil speech But at last when salt is destroyed by moisture of the el●s/ So was he by hate of all men/ For at last he had the kings wreath and was prysonned and escaped aweye by a gonge/ and was flemed and deyde so exiled/  
When the first king henry was deed/ Steven earl of boloyn was king after him/ This steuen was the earl of blesens' son/ king henryes nephew in his sisters side/ and he reigned seventeen year a noble man and hardy/ but against his oath that he had made to the emperyce he was crowned at london on a saint Steuens day of william archebisshop of Caunterbury that was sworn to the Emperyce also/ Therefore this william lived not over one year/ Also all the great that were sworen to steuen made a wretched end/ Also men said that in the day of his crownement the sacrament of crystes body was brought to the king & it vanished away suddenly/ king steuen was crowned and sworn before the lords at oxenford/ that he would not hold in his honde the prelacyes that voided/ and also that he would foryeve the dane guilt and that he would emplede no man for his own woods/ Also for he dread the coming of the emperyce he granted every lord leave to build a Castel other a strength upon his own ground/ & son thereafter he took to accord david king of Scots/ that had before by gyle taken the castle caerlel/ and the castle upon tyne and he gave him hunting in englond and had homage/ and sent to the Emperyce/ than king steven took excetre and william Archebisshop of Caunterbury died/ and theobald abbot of becco was Archebisshop after him/ Lotharius Emperor of almaigne died/ and Conradus was Emperor after him fifteen year of Almayns and of Romayns/ And though he took not the Beneson of the pope/ yet atte preaching of Abbot bernard he took the holy land in pope eugenius time and died many great deeds/ Gir/ d/ p/ ca/ 19/ That time theobald the mild earl of Campania was in his flowers/ he would myldely visit pour men and lepres/ One praised him in metre passyngly in this manner/ This fellow earl this was that mild man theobaldus/ Heaven maketh joy/ that him hath/ and sorrowful is the world/ that him leaveth/ I may call him man/ him dare I not clepe God/ death proveth him man his own life him proveth good/ Above man/ under God/ more than man/ alas than God/ I not what manner thing is between the weyne//  
David king of Scotland came the thyrdde time in to Englond and destroyed the land anon to the river of theyse in the mouth of the province of york/ and brende/ and slew and slytte women with child/ thurstan the archebisshop came privily against him with the kings knights/ & chased him and slew/ x/ M of his men and took many prays and gret●/ king steuen took the Castel of bedford that was against him/ and hereafter he went in to scotland/ and died there few deeds at his own will/ and came home again/ but in his coming homeward/ he took alysaunder bishop of lyncolne and put him in bounds/ till that he had yeve him the castle of newerk/ ¶ Also ●e chased nygellus bishop of hely/ and Roger bishop of salesbury that had do him moche good/ he took him and put him in prison and held him there till that he had yeve him two castles of the vyse and of shirburn/ And for this Roger was a greet bylder of houses and of Castles/ he bycam seek and died for sorrow/ After that he left in his castles of money as it were a forty thousand marc/ that was spent in the kings use/ and not to god's service/ For with that money the king bought to his son Eustace/ constance the kings sister of France/ Thurstan the Archebisshop of york was a great foundour of abbeys of hagustald of Founteynes/ and of eight other/ and took the habit of monk/ and pountfret/ and died in good eld/ After two year his body was founden hoole and sound smelling full sweet/ ¶ That time the king took the Castles of Gloucestre of herford/ of webbely of Brystow/ of Dudely/ and of shrowesbury/ ¶ Robert Earl of gloucestre king Henry's bastard son heard thereof and sent for his sister mould the Emperyce that dwelled at Angeo/ and prayed her to come in to englond and byhyght her help against king Steven/  
¶ Henricus libro 9 ¶ Than in the month of juyll Robert and mould came first to portesmouth and thennes to Bristol/ and died men of the Countray great harm and damage Than the king besyeged the castle of wallyngford/ and heard hereof and left the siege and went against them and besyeged lyncolne soon after that time/ ¶ Than about Candelmasse Ranulph Earl of Chestre and Robert earl of gloucestre came with many walsshmen to break the kings siege/  
And when they were uneath passed a reedy mareys. and had arrayed the sheltrons/ The earl of Chestre spoke to his men in this manner and said I thank you and pray you busily that I that am cause of your perylle mote be the first that shall entre in to the peril/ ¶ earl Robert answered him/ and sayde· It is not unworthy that thou axyst the dignity of the first stroke both for noblesse of blood & for virtue of strength in the which thou passyst other men/ But the kings falls ●the and his wodenesse moveth men to war/ and to fight/ But we may not torn again by the way that we come/ Than we must have here the mastery other be overcome/ he that hath none other succour must needs flee to bold deeds of arms and manhood of strength/ but take heed against hem and what manner men you must feyght/ Robert earl of mellent stondyth against you/ he is crafty of fraud and of gyle and hath wickedness in his heart/ treason and gyle in his mouth and sleuthe in his deeds/ there cometh also the earl of Albemarl/ he is devout to bachus and not known of mars/ he smellyth of the win and useth no war/ ¶ Trevisa Po●tes feyneth a god of win and clepyn him bachus/ and another of battle and clepyn him mars and so forth to speak/ he that is a good drynker is devout to bachus/ and he that is not worth in battle is unknown to mars/ Than he tellyth forth his tale in the story in this manner/ There standeth Simon of hampton/ his deeds been but words his yefte is but a by hest when is word is said he hath done his deed// when he hath behyght he hath yeven his yefts/ In this great heat king steven herd alysaunder the bishops mass and the tayre that the king offered brake in the Bishops hand/ and the chain brake and the box fill there gods body was in/ that was a token of the kings faylling/ than the king went forth and baldwyn the earl had the words to comfort men for to fight/ and he spoke to other men in this manner/ Men that must fight must know three things/ the ryghtfulnes of the cause jest men should fall in peril of soul/ The quantity of the company that they be not born down with to many enemies/ And the effect of might and of strength jest men lene upon feeble help/ and fall to the ground touching these three points/ I trow that we be sped/ But take heed furthermore What manner enemies we have/ Loo Robert's counsel that useth great menace and doth little in deed/ in mouth he is a lion and in heart an haar/ he is clear of speech and dark by uncunning/ Also there standeth th'earl of chestre a man of unreasonable hardiness ready & priest to conspyracy/ and unstydfast to fulfil in deed/ hasty of heart and unware of perils/ he casts full great deeds and essayeth deeds that he may not awelde/ what he beginneth fresshely/ he forsaketh i● feyntly/ as a woman unhappy and ungracious in every place and is alway overcome other chased/ he hath with him flemed men & sculkers about the walsshe men ever the more been of 'em/ the worse they been in fighting/ But oer he had made end of the words come the cry of the enemies the noise of the tromps and the gruntng of horses/ & the sheltrons smytyn to geders and forth goon tharrows/ The king was take and brought to the emperyce and was kept in bounds at brystow from candelmasse to the holy road day in harvest/ therefore the emperyce waxeth swyth proud/ and occupied surcetre and than wynchester/ there they came against her with procession and that allowed the pope's legate/ than she went to wylton/ to Oxenford to reading and to saint albon and in every place all men took her with good will out take kentyssh men alone/ But theobaldus the Archebisshop came specially against her/ Than she came to london to trete of the state of the land/ there the queen of Englond king Steuens wyf prayed the emperyce that the king might be delivered out of bonds upon that condition that the king should yield up the kingdom to the emperyce and somwher become a monk other be a pylgrym to his lives end/ But the emperyce would not here this bone/ Also the cyteseyns of london prayed her that they might use saint Edward'S laws/ and not the laws of her father king henry/ for they were full hard/ But she would not assent/ therefore the people was moved and ordained for to take her/ she was ware thereof and left all her store of household & fled to oxenford/ & there she abode her knights that were all y shed or divided/ then she took with her her own came david king of scotland and strength of knights/ and went to wynchestre/ there she besyeged strongly the bishops tour there the kings brother was/ At last came the queen with william I prens' and the emperyce was so afeard that she was born to gloucestre in an horse bear as it were a deed body/ her brother earl Robert was take and put in prison in the mean time/ than the queen on that one side was busy for the king/ and the emperyce in that other side for her own brother/ and such deliverance was y procured and ordained that the king should be restored again to the kingdom and the Earl to his lordship/ and both should make peace in the kingdom as they had dystourbed it/ But the earl would not assent/ than all the year was in the land Robbing & reuyng/ manslaughter and selling of Rich men/ than about holy Road day in harvest the king was delivered and besyeged the emperyce in the cyte of Oxenford from mychelmesse to mydwynter and destroyed all that was without Atte last fill a great hunger and the Emperyce was covered in white and byspronge with snow and escaped over Temse that was frorens and hylled with snow and came to walingford/ Therefore the men of the siege were beguiled and y blend with the blazing of the snow/ And so the cyte of oxenford was yolden to the king/ About this time one master arnold preach at rome against rich men and against superfluity that men usen/ therefore many men pursued him/ at last he was taken and hanged for wretch of clerks/ Also that time died johannes de temporibus that had lived three honderd year three score and one/ and had be squire with the great charles/   

¶ Capitulum 19  
AFter the second innocentius the second celestynus was pope five months/ after him lucius eleven months/ The thyrdde eugenius was pope eight year and five months/ This was first saint bernardes disciple and afterward Abbotte of saint anastasy besides Rome. and came unware to saint Cesarius church and was chocen by the cardinals/ but for dread of the Senators he was sacred without the cyte/ This sygned Louis king of France with cross and made a counsel at Reme in France. ¶ Also to him saint bernard the Abbot written the books de consider/ ¶ Henricus libro nono ¶ Ranulph Consul of Chestre came to walyngford with many knights/ and was acorded with the king/ But soon thereafter he was gylefully taken in the parliament of northampton and might not be delivered oer he had yolden up the castle of lyncolne/ ¶ That time the walsshmen destroyed the province of Chestre/ but at wycumalban they were killed/ Soon thereafter king steven was crowned at lyncolne/ and so happened no king before/ Also that year conradus the emperor Louis king of France the Earl of flaundres and many other that had take the cross to the holy land/ chesed the land weigh and not the water weigh/ And passed by hongary and were betrayed by fraud of the emperor of Constantinople/ For many of them tasted meal meddled with lime/ and deyde and many other were deed by sword and hunger/ For robbing and reuyng and lechery/ Giraldus de p/ capitulo 18 ¶ Joys king of France come homeward out of the holy land/ and waxed seek for long continence and defaute of women as leches said/ and leches and prelate's counseled him to take a wenche· by cause he was so far from the queen/ Me is liefer die said he chaste than live in spousebreking/ and so he put all in god's hand and was hoole anon/ In a time a clerk came to him/ and brought to him Turrian privilege of the pope that he should in every cathedral church of his Reme have the first benefice that voided with the fruit and prouffytes in the mean time/ Anon he threw the lettres in to the fire/ and said that him was liefer brenne such lettres than have his soul tormented in hell/ the same prince fasted every frydaye to breed and water/ and men counseylled him to feed an honderd pour men on the friday and leave that fasting/ We would gladly feed so many pour men other more/ but our fasting will we not break/ For all without the prouffyte that it doth to the soul/ it profiteth moche to the body also/ we do every week so moche and so many superfluities in to the body/ that the purgation and rest of one day helpyth moche to put of superfluity/ and also to make the sharper appetite/ When this Louis was deed a vercifyour written on his tomb in short style a writing height with fair speech of rethorik & turned his speech as it were to his son phelip/ & showed him his father that lay beryed there/ and said/ Nunc super tu qui superes successorum honoris/ Degener es si degeneris a laud prioris/ that is to say thou overlyvest this that art above successor of worship/ thou art unkind/ if thou ghost out of kind of the praising of thy forfader/ About that time died master Hugh de saint vyctor monk and prior of saint vyctor besides paris a parfyght man of lettrure and of religion/ Of him it is said that when he was seek in his death evil/ and might hold no meet nother drink he asked busily and prayed to yeve him gods body/ his brethren would ceese his crying and brought him an oubleye that was not sacred/ he knew it in his spirit and said god foryeve it you brethren why will you beguile me this is not my lord/ Anon they brought an obley that was sacred/ he saw it and might not hold and hened up his hands and said I pray that the son go up to the father. and the spirit to god that made him of naught/ And so he yield up the ghost/ and our lords body vanished out of sight/ R/ But some men will mean that this Hugh might not hold for he was casting aweye/ and therefore his brethren would not bring him the very sacrament/ And he prayed 'em specially that they would set the sacrament upon his side/ and when they had so done the seek man's side opened and the sacrament went in by hit self/ This made many good books de sacramentis de Archa Noah/ de institucione noviciorum/ de arra anime/ de study sapiencie/ dydascalycon and de laud crucis/ he made a book also/ Fr●st and ice was so strong that horses might pass over temse/ This year master gracianus de Tuscia/ monk of Bononia was born/ He compiled and gathered the book of decrees so saith hugh/ 296/ forma/ His brother germane master peers lombard Bishop of parys compiled and made the four books of sentence· and gloosed the sauter and Paul'S pystles also   

¶ Capitulum 20  
AFter Conradus the first frederyk was Emperor of Almayns and of Romayns seven and thyrtty year/ After pope adryans' death that him had crowned this was a grievous enemy to pope alysau ndre/ for in preiudyce of him/ he held with four falls pope's each after other/ ¶ Also by cause that the pope was fled to the king of France/ he fought against the king of France with great strength of boemes and of danes but he was put of by help of rychard king of Englond/ Than the year of our lord eleven honderd three score and twain he came to milan that was the highest walled of any town/ and destroyed it down to the ground/ At last after that this had do the pope many griefs/ he dread the rebelnesse of the lombardes/ And prayed forgiveness of the pope/ and took the cross in his flesh to the holy land as it were in amendment of his sins/ And he was drowned in a little river besides armenye/ and beryed at Tyrus/ And his son a noble youngling deyde at the siege of tholomayda that is Aron and nigh all the noble of cristen men deyde that time/ After Eugenius Anastasius was pope as it were two year/ ¶ That year died saint bernard abbot of cleruaulx that was born in burgoyne in the Castel of Founteyns He was a noble knights son and was first fed with his own moders milk and afterward norysshed with greater metes Than the year of our lord eleven honderd and twelve after the beginning of the order Cistersiensis that is the order of white monks fifteen/ of his own age two and twenty/ He entered with thyrtty fellows in to Cystercy/ and after the fift year of his conversation he was ordained abbot of Clerevaus/ There he used waking passing the usage of mankind/ he said that he lost no time more than when he slept/ he likened sleep to death/ uneath that he might suffer him that routed and afeard foul in his sleep/ he went to meet as it were to torment for great abstinence that he used/ he had lost his taste and savour of meet & of drink/ So that he would take oil in stead of win and blood in stead of botter/ he would say that hyin savoured water for it keled his mouth and his jaws all that he learned of scripture/ he drank it in woods and in fields in his medytations and and deeds/ he knowleched none other maystres that he had butokes and beeches'/ In his clothing was povert without any filth He said that clothing is juge and witness of heart and thought of negligence other of pride and vain glory/ that proverb he had often in his mouth and alway in his heart all men wondryth of him that doth that as none other doth/ To the ●ouyce that should come to the religion/ he would say if you high to that is within/ leaveth here without the bodies that you brought of the world/ the spirit shall entre/ the flesh doth no prouffyte As oft as. men prayed him to be Bishop he said that he was not his own/ but that he was ordained to service of other men/ alway he was found other bidding other reading/ other writing other in medytations other preaching and teaching his brethren/ The year of our lord eleven honderd and three & fifty/ when his death neyghed he bytoke his brethren three points to keep/ and said that he had kept 'em in his wise all his life tyme· and said/ I would no man sklaundre/ but if any sklaunder were arise/ I ceesed it what I might/ I trow mine own wit lass than other men's doom/ if I were grieved I axed no wretch of him that had grieved me/ Bernard written many noble books and specially of the incarnation of cryst/ and died many miracles/ and builded three score abbeys/ and passed out of this world to our lord of heaven/ Also that year died the Second Ranulph that height Gercious by his surname/ he was the fourth Earl of Chestre/ after the conquest/ his son second Hugh was lord after him in that Ducherye nine and twenty and died many great deeds/ ¶ Also that year died king steven in kente in the abbaye of Feversham that he builded up of the ground/ In this stevens time a knight that height owen went in to the purgatory of the second patryk abbot and not bishop/ he came again and dwelled in the needs of the Abbaye of ludene of white monks in Irlond and told of joy and of pains that he had seen as it is said before in the first capitulo/ 34/ of the wondres of Irlond   

¶ Capitulum 21  
when steven was deed/ the second henry was king/ This henry was the first henries nephew/ the eldest son of his daughter the Emperyce/ and of geffroy plantegenetis Earl of angeo. his manners and his deeds his virtues and his vices gyrald Cambrensis in his dystinctions descryveth and says in this manner/ Dredeful it is to allegge against him that may put out of land/ and to describe him with many words/ that may exile a man with a word/ that were a gracious thing and passing our wit and our strength to tell out the sooth in all his deeds and offend the princes heart in no manner point/ ¶ This henry was somewhat redyssh with large face and breast/ and yellow eyen and a dim voys/ and flesshy of body/ and took but scarcely of meet and of drink/ and for to allege the fatness/ he travailed his body with business/ with hunting with stonding/ with wandering/ he was of mean stature/ Renable of speech/ and well y lettred/ noble and orped in knygthode/ and wise in counsel and in battle/ and dread doubtful destiny/ more manly and curtoys to a knight when he was deed than when he was alive/ he showed more sorrow for men when they were deed than love while they were alive/ No man was more goodly than he in meschyef And when he had eft seurte/ no man was more stern than he/ he was cruel to them that were not chasted/ and sometime mild to his subgettis/ hard to his famylers and free hearted to strangers/ large in yefts outward and scars in privity/ Whom he hated other loved one's uneath he would turn to the contrary/ he would wilfully pass his own word/ slow in all manner answer/ and loved well peace and quiet/ he bore down gentlemen and sold and tarried ryghtwysenesse/ unstydfast of faith/ changeable and gyleful of word open spousebreker/ the hamer of holy church alway unkind to god/ He norysshed strif among his sons with all business and hoped to have peace alone by stryf of his children/ if men asked of all his great deeds the world should rather fail than we should make an end/ laudes may ceese to a bold heart but vyctoryes can not ceesse triumphs/ and praising shall not fail but the matter of winning of worship may fail/ he was peerless and passing in chyvalry in were and in lechery/ he pesed myghtly the lands of his herytages/ and wan Irlond myghtly by strength/ he took william king of Scotland and joined the kingdom of Scotland to his own From the south ocean to the north Islands of Orcades he closed all the lands as it were under one principate/ And spradde so nobly his Empire and made it full wide/ After Julius Cesar men rede of noman that so happened by yond the see without normandy/ Gyan/ Angeo/ and Chynon in toureyne that fill to him by the right of his father and also peytow and gascoigne anon to mounts pyrenes the hills of spain that fill to him by marriage/ He made subget to his lordship aluerne and other lands/ He used for to say that all the world is little enough for a man that is strong and mighty/ The kings of spain for to ceesses stryf put her querel upon this kings doom/ many of his deeds that were all against the peace he brought to end at his own will as it were by warning of gracious ●ur and by a choose worcher of fortune/ but many things happed him as it were ungraciously to his own meekness/ if he would be repentant and else for he should be tormented in his own flesh/ the cruel bochour/ first he took wrongfully Elyanor the queen from her lord Louis king of france and wedded her in deed/ though he might not by the law and his own father geffroy forbade him and said that he should not touch her for he had lay by her himself while he was the kings steward of France/ Netheles this henry gate on her three daughters and six noble sons/ The first daughter mould he married to the duke of Saxon/ The second Elyanor to the king of spain and the thyrdde johan to william king of Scicil. Also his twey sons were hastily take from him and he was worthily distourbed and grieved by the other four to his lives end/ he reigned nigh five and thyrtty year and so he had thyrtty year y yeue him to worldly bless/ and liking to sufferance of Conversation and to assay of devotion/ & the years that were over the thyrtty year/ were yeven him to grief and to wretch as to an evil man and unkind/ For in the second year of these five year the strength vanished aweye that he had ordained about the sending of his son johan in to Irlond/ & the third he that lost never thing lost aluerne against the king of France/ the fourth year he lost bytu rycam/ the fifth year the cities Cenomamnea & Turon & many castles thereto & himself also/ This king used to have in his speech of Tr●iys religious bishops and lad 'em with him beyond the see in deeds of arms/ and died more by counseylle of 'em than by counsel of knights/ and that he died for twey skills/ first for his court should seem the more ryal and noble to messengers and legates/ that come thereto/ the second skylle for alweye he assayed rather peace than weepen and armour/ therefore he made such medyatours with putting to of money/ Also for he had sometime yeven dygnytees of holy church to unworthy persons for to win his fame again/ he made baldwyn the white monk Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ & hugh prior of the chartherous bishop of lyncolne/ he had these twain as it were alway to Conseyl/ For every man that redyth in book should have the lass wondre of the ungracious issue/ and end of this king and of his sons/ Men shall take heed of this kings beginning/ and whereof he come both in father and in mother side. Also of the Condition of his life/ on whom he gate his sons/ Geffroey plantagenet come of the children of a countess of Angeo that was spoused only for fairness of body/ She would seld come at church/ and than uneath she would abide the secret of the mass/ The earl her husband took heed and was waar of that doing and ordained four knights to hold her in church/ and she threw away her mantel that she was held by/ and left there her twey sons under the right side of the mantel/ & with her twey other sons that she had than under the lift side of her mantel/ she fleuh out atte church window in sight of all men/ and was never seen after that time// Afterwards Richard king of englond told oft this tale & said that it was no wonder though they that come of such kind grened every other/ as they that come of the devil/ and should go to the devil/ ¶ Also in a time king henry sent a clerk to his son gaufred earl of britaine for to reform and make full peace and the son answered the clerk in this manner/ Why art thou come to dysheryte me of my kind birth knowest thou not that it longed to us properly by kind and it is pyghte on us by kind of fornforfaders that none of us should love other than travail thou not in ydel to put away kind also this king henry's mother was wedded to this geoffrey living her rather husband that was a pylgrym and lived as an heremyte/ & this king henry come of 'em twain in this latter marriage/ Also of henry while he was a child nourished in the kings court of France/ saint bernard the abbot prophesied and said in presence of the king/ of the devil he come/ and to the devil he shall/ and moved thereby both the tyrauntrye of his father geoffrey that gelded the bishop of sagre & his own cruelness that slay saint thomas of Caunterbury/ and yet his father geoffrey had say by this Elyanor that his son this henry wedded afterward/ Also this Elyanors father earl of Peytowe ravished his own shyrreves wyf and wedded her lyvyng· her husband/ In a time an holy man blamed him for that deed and it availed not/ than the good man prayed that never child that come of him should bring forth gracious fruit/ It happened in a time at wynchestre in this king henry's chamber that was diversly y peinted/ that one place was left unpaynted by the kings beeste/ there the king bad afterward peynte an Eagle with four birds the three birds cratched and torent the father with bills and with claws but the fourth bird besyed him strongly to cratch out the faders eyen/ Men asked him what this should mean/ these four birds quoth the king be my four sons that will not ceesse to poursue me unto the death/ And namely this last johan whom I love now most shall most sharply await and cast for my death/   

¶ Capitulum 22  
AFter anastasius the fourth Adryan a man of englysshe nation was pope four year/ the common fame tellyth that this was the abbots bond man of saint albon in englonde and that he prayed sometime that he might be monk in that abbey & was put of and forsake/ but he yaf him to clergy and to good thews & was made bishop alban●ses/ In a time he was made legate to wormacia/ & converted that province to the right believe ¶ at last he was·s mand pope/ and for the wounding of one Cardynal he enterdyted all the cyte of Rome/ He cursed william king of Scicile & compelled him to submit him to his grace/ ¶ This was the first pope that dwelled with the cardinals in the old cyte/ ¶ The king of Scotland died and neyghe all the lords of Englonde· In the month of October the sign of the cross was seen in the moan/ ¶ Saint james the Apostles hand is brought to the abbey of reading/ That year king henry lad first an host in to wales and made a strong Castel at Rutland and founded the abbaye of basin werk/ After Adryan the thyrdde alysaunder was pope two and twenty year/ he overcome four false pope's that Frederyck the Emperor had set up/ Also this acorded Frederyk and emanuel of Constantinople/ and the king of Scicile and socured thomas of Caunterbury when he was exiled ¶ Henry this kings elder son wedded the kings daughter of France ¶ At Gloucestre Jews nailed a child to the rood/ ¶ Theobald the Archebisshop died and thomas of london the kings chancellor was sacred Archebisshop the second day of juyn//  
And the thyrdde year thereafter he went out of Englond/ and came again the seventh year of his exꝑling/ and was martyred/ Four famous men descrived his life & his deeds as it is written in his life/ About that year abbot joachyn was in his flowers in Calabria/ he written the exposition upon the Apocalypsis/ and upon the books of prophets/ ¶ Also he warned Frederyk the Emperor and other kings that went to the holy land that they should not profit there but a little at that time/ for the time of the deliverance was not yet come/ Men seyn also of this joachyn that he descrived as it were by prophecy/ the manners and deeds of number of all pope's that should be in holy church/ But there he written against the maystre of sentence/ his opinion was reproved as it is written in the beginning of decretals by the ninth gregory/ The twellifth day before october about prime were seen three cercles in heaven and twey sons That year aroos the stryf between the king and thomas/ That time was master pyers comestor in his flowers in france he written a story of either testament that height historia Scolastica/ He written allegorias upon either testament that is a book of ghostly understanding/ ¶ Also he made a noble book of Sermons and made afterward his Allegorias in a book of me●re and cleped the book Auroica/ ¶ Raaf Bishop of Coloyn brought the bodies of the three kings to coloyne out of melan that was destroyed by Frederyk/ These bodies were first brought out of pierce to Constantinople and than by pope Sergius they were brought to Melan/ This year was thomas of Caunterbury martyred/ Of him one saith in this manner/ Anno milleno Centeno/ Septuageno Anglorum primas corruit ense thomas// That is to meaning/ The year of our lord eleven honderd and seventy/ thomas deyde/ by a sword prymate of englysshe men/ ¶ Another saith in this manner/ quis moritur/ presul/ cur/ pro grege/ qualiter ense/ Quando/ natali/ quo loco/ ara dei/ In Englysshe who dieth/ a Bishop/ why/ for the flock/ how/ with a sword/ when/ at mydwynter/ in what place/ at god's altar ¶ Another saith in this manner/ Pro Crysti sponsa/ Crysti sub tempope Crysti/ In templo Crysti verus amator obijt/ That is to meaning/ For Crystes spouse in Crystes time/ In Crystes temple crystes true lover dieth/ ¶ Giraldus/ ¶ After his death the kings fortune began to withdraw/ for the year after the king went in to Irlond that he had mightily won and made there counseyls in many places by the pope's will/ and namely at cassil/ there was not the primate of arnach for febelnesse of his body/ This prymate lad with him a white cow alway about/ and was sustained only by the milk of that white cow/ he reform all that island with all his might/ specially in three points in ruling of thoffice of holy church/ in the true payeng of tethyng to holy church and in lawful usage of wedlok/ than it was there ordained that men died that should make their testament in presence of their neyghbours·s & if the man that dieth hath wyf and children/ he should first cast what he oweth/ and his debts to other men/ and to servants for their hire and the other deal of his meobles should be deled in three/ The one party should be ordained to his children/ the other party to his wyf/ and the thyrdde to bring him in earth and for to do for his soul/ if he be without wyf or without children/ his cattles should be deled in twain/ ¶ when the king come out of Irlond he byganne to have revelations and specially by cause that he should amend his life/ first in the Castel of cardef in wales the sunday next after easter day when the king had herd mass/ and went to his horse/ there stand a pale man with round tonsour lene and long barfoote in a white kyrtel he spoke to the king in duche speech in this manner and said/ Good old king And than he told forth his tale in this manner/ Cryst greteth the and his mother mild and johan baptist and peter and commands highly that no chepynges be held nother servile works/ done on the Sunday in the lands of thy lordship out take doing that nedith to the usage of dyghting of meet/ if thou dost as I tell/ all that thou beginest/ thou shalt bring to a gracious ende· the king spoke Frensshe to the knight that held his brydel & said/ ask of this churl if he hath dreamt all this that he tellyth/ And he expowned it in Englysshe/ Thenne the man spoke in the foresaid tongue/ and said/ whether I have met this tale or no/ take thou heed what day it is to day/ For but if thou do as I tell and amend thy life/ thou shalt here such tidings within this year that thou shalt be soory therefore to thy lives ende· The man vanished when this was said/ and within the three years the kings sons henry Gaufred & Richard turned to the king of France against their own father/ ¶ The king of Scotlande the Earl of Chestre/ and the Earl of leycetre raised against the king/ And the king had many warnings/ but he set little thereby/ For the second time an Irysshe man warned him and told him tokenes that were most privy/ the thyrdde time a knight of lyndeseye Phelyp of Chestreby passed the Frensshe see/ and come to the king in normandye/ and expowned him there seven articles that he should amend/ and if he died he should regne worshipfully seven year/ and he should win the holy cross and his enemies/ and else he should shamely die in the fourth year/ ¶ Three the first were the articles that he had sworn in his crowning that he should hold/ One was of the mayntening of holy church The other of ryghtful laws/ the thyrdde that he should no man damn without doom/ The fourth that he should restore again herytages that he had byname/ the fifth that he should do right without meed/ the syxthe that he should pay the wages of his servants/ The seventh that he should do the jews out of Englond and leave 'em some what of money to wend out of the land/ ¶ But the king was not amended/ Therefore aroos against him three strong men and mighty his own three sons with the king of France/ But when king henry had visited meekly thomas the martiris tomb/ William king of Scotlande and the twey Earls of Chestre and of lyncoln were taken at Alnewyk/ ¶ This meschyef dured two year and was uneath ceessed/ and he accounted the ceasing thereof to his own strength/ and not to god's mercy/ And he that had prysonned his wyf Elyanor the queen and was privily a spouche breaker/ and lived now openly in spousebreking and is not ashamed to mysuse the wench Rosamund/ To this fair wench the king made at wodestoke a chambre of wonder craft slily made by dedalus work/ lest the Queen should find and take Rosamund/ but the wench died soon/ and is beryed in the chapter house at Godestow besides Oxenford with such writing upon her tomb/ Hic jacet in tumba/ r●samundi/ non rosa munda· Non redolet/ sed olet/ que redele●e sole●/ That is to say/ Here lieth in tomb the Rose of the world/ not a clean rose/ It smellyth not sweet but it stynkyth that was wont to smell full sweet/ This wench had a little Coffre scarcely of twey foot long made by a wonder craft that is yet seen there/ Therein it seemeth that geauntes fyghtyn/ beestes startlyn/ fowls fleyn/ and fishes leepe without any man's moeving/   

¶ Capitulum 23  
ALso this year at york the twellyfth day before september william king of Scotland by assent of lords and prelate's of his land died homage to henry king of Englond/ Also this king william saith in his lettres patent that he and his successors and men of Scotland should do homage legiance and fewte to the kings of England/ as oft as they be thereto required/ In token of this subgettion the king of Scotlande offered his hat and his sadel upon saint Peter's Altar/ in the church of york that be yet there kept unto this day/ And yet hereto the lords of Scotland sworn that if the king of Scotlande would withdraw him in any time from that faith/ they would rise against him and be against him alweye/ till that he were turned again/ ¶ Pope Gregory in divers writings that he sent to the kings of englond and of scotland charged heyhely/ that this composition should be stydfastly hold/ And for the declaration of this subgection/ the king of Scotland and his prelate's come to northampton to king henry's parliament/ And thereafter he came to king henry in to normandy Also this year by assent of the king the Covent of Caunterbury cheese Richard prior of dover to be Archebisshop/ In the eleventh year of his bisshopryche our lord appeared to him and said/ thou hast wasted the goods of my church/ and I shall rote the out of the earth/ then he was afeard and died the eight day thereafter/ the charge of the travail of the taking of the cross that henry the kyn●e had y take sometime beyond the see and sworn afterward before two cardinals that he would poursue it after three year/ when three year were passed/ he sent to Rome for to have longer delay in ydel of his gyleful doing/ And that by such a feigned colour that he should make three abbeys in englond And so he died in this manner of Secular canons of waltham he made canons regular & died away menchons of Ambresbury and brought thither other menchons from beyond the See/ & restored simply the chartrous at wythan besides salesbury/ Also he had taken sometime the keeping of the kings daughter of france for he should marry her to his son rychard of peytow/ But after the death of Rosamund he say by this maid/ therefore his son Richard refused the marriage/ therefore the king cast to wed this wench/ and therefore he prayed huguncio the cardynal for to come and make dyvorse between him and elyanor the queen/ for he hoped so to have the more help & favour of frensshe men to dyssheryte his own sons/ Afterwards fill war between him and the king of France for Castel Raph· and king henry asked this wench to wed her to his son johan/ And asked with her the erldoms of Peytow and of Angeo/ but the king of France assentid not to this axing. but he sent the lettres to Richard by cause he should 'em see/ Therefore aroos a grisly wretch between the father and his own son/ Grisly thundering was herd in a mydwynter night at Andever In hamptshyre a priest was smitten to death with lightening in the myddel of the people/ and none other man was touched/ & swine were seen among 'em run up and down/ Tempest of hayel slew fowls beestes & men in a ma●deleyn night/ Gir/ 16 This time that was in our time king arthures' body was founden that was accounted as it were fantastic/ & brought as it were a far at an end & a fable of Brytons feigned/ that he should efta come and be king/ at glastonbury between two pylers that were arered of stone sometime in the holy church high by wonder tokenes and warnings/ this Arthures' body was found beryed and marked in an hollow oak deep in the earth/ and than he was take up and translated worshypfully in to the church and y laid honestly in a tomb of marbelstone/ there was founden a croys of leede/ and a stone thereupon/ and lettres write within in the cross turned toward the stone/ the which lettres I radde and handled in this manner form/ Hic jacet sepultus inclitus Rex Arthurus cum wennenera uxor sua secunda in Insula Aualona That is here lieth beryed the noble king Arthur with his second wyf wennener in avalon/ The bones were laid in the grave/ so ●hat the twey deles of the grave toward the heed contained the man's bones/ and the thyrdde deal toward the feet contained the woman's bones/ there the yellow tresses of the woman's here was founden hoole and sound with Fresh colour and hew as ●t had sometime/ but a monk touched it coveytously with his han●e/ and anon it fill all in to powder/ ¶ This king hen●y had herd sometime of a bryton that knew stories and was a synger of gests that king Arthures body should be founden 〈◊〉 an hollow oak about fifteen foot deep in the earth/ He was beryed so deep jest he were lightly found of the Saxons that were his enemies/ And therefore lett●●s were written and graven within toward the stone/ to be juge and witness of the sothnesse and truth/ And also have mind that Arthures' schyn bone that was then showed was l●nger by three inches than the leg/ and the knee of the lengest man that was than found/ Also the space of his forheede between his twey eyeen was a span broad. Also in his heed were seen wemmes of ten wounds/ and it seemed that they come all in to one wemme out ta●e the wemme of one wound/ ¶ jerusalem was take and destroyed of the Sarazens/ ¶ After Alysaunder the thyrdde lucins was pope a year and four months/ ¶ That year died Hugh Earl of Chestre at l●●k/ his son the thyrdde Ranulph was Earl after him fifty year/ Also that year deyde henry that was the kings elder son/ of him one said in this manner/ Omnis honoris honour decor et decus urbis & orbis That is worship of all worship fairness and worship of the Cyte and of the world wide/ Milicia splendour gloria lumen apex that is shining and bliss light and heed of chivalry julius ingenio/ virtutibus hector/ achylles viribas/ Augustus' moribus/ ore parys/ that is julius in wit/ hector in virtues ●● Achilles' in strength/ Augustus' in thews/ Paris in mouth/   

¶ Capitulum 24  
THis year when Richard Archebisshop of Caunterbury was deed/ baldwyn bishop of wyrcetre was Archebisshop after by assent of the king and of all the bishops/ but the monks of Caunterbur● withsayde it with all that they might/ Of him it is said that he eat never Flesh from the first day that he was made white monk to his lives end/ In a time by the weigh an old lene womman met him and asked if it were sooth that he eat no manner flesh/ It is sooth quoth he/ It is false said she/ For thou hast eat my flesh unto the bones/ For I had but one cow that I was sustened by/ and thy deenes have bynome me that cow/ he answered and said truly by the grace of god thou shalt have as good a cow as she was/ The four●● year of his bisshopryche fell stryf between him and the Conjure of Caunterbury/ for new houses and churches that were build fast by the monks walls/ in the which church he had ordained secular clerks and ordained 'em provendres of the monks churches/ that he was compelled to take away the building/ and they were translated to lambhythe fast by london before westmynstre The year of our lord eleven honderd four score and eight/ thi● baudwyn had the offyce of the legacy of the cross and went in to wales and song in every cathedral church of wales a mass in pontificalibus/ and that was never seen before that time/ After lucius the third urban was pope as it were two year/ he died for sorrow that jerusalem was take of the Sarazens/ That time came heraclius patriarch of jerusalem in to Englond to king henry and prayed him help against the saraseyns in the name of all the Crysten men of the eest lands/ and proffered the keys of the holy Cyte/ and of our● lords grave with the kings banner and lettres of lucius the pope that counseled and charged him that he should take that journey/ and made mind of the oath that he had made/ but the king put over his answer till he came at london/ and by the preaching of the patryark and of baldwyn the Archebisshop many took the cross to the holy land But henry answered and said that he might not forsake and leave his lands/ without ward and keeping nother set him to the pray to the robbery of Frensshmen/ But he would yeve largely of his to them that would thither wend/ king saith the patriarch/ It is naught that thou dost/ we seek and ask a prince and not money/ Neygh every land of the world sendyth us money/ but no man sendeth us a prince/ Than we ask a man that needeth money and not money that nedyth a man/ And so the patriarck● went his way/ & his hope was lost and the king folowid him unto the see/ For he would with fair words as he well couth please the patriarch that was grieved but the patriarch spoke to the king and said/ hederto thou hast reigned gloriously/ but hereafter he would forsake the that thou ●ast forsake/ Think and have mind what our lord hath yeven the and what thou hast yolden him again/ how thou were false to the king of France & slow saint thomas and now thou forsakest the defence and protection of crysten men/ The king was wroth with these words The Patriarch saw that and proffered him his heed and his nek and said do by me right as thou didst by saint thomas·s For me is as leef be slain of the in Englond as of Sarasyns in siria/ for thou art worse than any sarasyn/ though all my men said the king were one body and spoke with one mouth/ they durst not speak to me such words/ No wonder said the Patriarch for they love thine and not thee/ this people folowyth pray and not a man/ than the king said I may not wend out of my lands For mine own sons would arise against me/ when I were absent/ Not wonder said the patryark for of the devil they come and to the devil they shall/ This year the king sent his son johan in to Irlonde/ but he died little prouffyt there and come home again/ This year the first day of may sarasyns took jerusalem and bore away the holy cross/ and slay the master of chivalry of the temple and many noble men/ when that was wist among crysten men/ many took the cross to the holy land in all the world wide/ Among the which Richard of peytow king henry's son took the cross also. And for the same cause baldwyn the Archebisshop went in to wales as it is touchid before hand/ In his Company was girald Cambrensis archdeacon of landaf that descrived the manners of walsshe men in his book that is called Itinerarius as he had before described the state and the manners of Irisshe men in his book/ that hight Topographia/ when he was sent with johan king Henry's son in to Irlond/ ¶ After urban the eight gregory was pope four months/ He sent many lettres and pystles for succour of the holy land/ After him the thyrdde clement was pope three year/ ¶ This year at dunstaple in englonde many men saw our lord Ihesu Cryst in the eyr hung on the cross/ Also this year ●●ng henry made Ranulph earl of Chestre knight and yaf him 〈◊〉 wyf constance the contesse of brytayne the widow of his son gaufred with all little brytayne/ & the erldome of Rychemond/ the kings of Englond and of France and Richard earl of peytow and many other noble men to the number of an honderd thousand & four score thousand took the cross on· saint Gregoryes day/ that year Frederyk the emperor went accursed to the holy land/ and lad his host by Constantinople/ but for great hete he bathed him in a river in armenye that is called gula Sathane that is Sathanas throat/ and there Frederik was drowned/ other as some men tellyn his horse stumbled and fell in to the water and so he was drowned and beryed at Tyrus/ his elder son was deed in the same journey/ and his other son the fifth henry was Emperor of Almaigne after him and reigned eight year/ and wan Apulea and Scicilia/ and was accursed of Pope Celestinus/ For Richard king of Englond was take when he come from the holy land/ and held in the emperors prysonne and might not be delivered without a great sum of money/ And the emperor died in the same cursing/ and might not be beryed without assent of king Richard/ Also that year fill stryf between the twey kings of englond and of France/ and all the money was wasted that was arered of dymes for the journey and going to jerusalem/ For at Cyte Cenomanna the king of France and Richard earl of Peytow come against the king of Englond/ and king henry made set the subarbes a fuyer for a cautel/ by 'cause his enemies should have no succour therein/ but the strength of the wind droof the layte of the fire in to the cyte & brent up all the cyte· and compelled king henry to go out of the Cyte/ And the king in his going from the cyte spoke such words/ & said for thou hast bynome me this day the cyte that I most love in this world I shall quite thee/ For after this time I shall benyme the thing that should most please the in me that is mine heart/ Atte last at Turon he was take with a fever and desired to have peace with the king of France in such manner that he would gladly put himself in the king of France grace/ saving his own worship and the crown and his Royamme/ But all for naught for he might geete no peace/ but if he would without any condition put him in the kings grace/ And it was well worthy/ for he granted not to thomas this word saving the worship of god and the dignity of his ordee and the Freedom of holy church/ Than king henry died in the Castel Cynon●us/ & all that were about him gave 'em so to robbery and to brybrye that the kings body lay naked long time/ till that a child covered the neither parties of his body with a short cloak/ Than it seemed that his surname was fulfilled that he had of his childhood/ henry short cloak that height short mantel beyond the see/ For this was the first that brought short clookes out of Angeo in to englond/ Also they that were there as he was deed told that all the while that his son stood by his father's body/ the faders both nosetherles bledde drops of blood/ Eight days before this kings death fishes leepe out of a pond in normandy and fought strongly to gyders with so greet noise that men of the contraye about come thither out of every side for to see the wonder and found uneath any fish alive   

¶ Capitulum 24  
King henry is deed at Fontreverard/ And his son Richard was king after him and reigned ten year/ Steven of Caunterbury descrived clearly his manners and his deeds And by cause this story should not miss the noble deeds of so great a duke/ I have studied to take the flowers of stevens book/ This king ordained redyly his things beyond the See/ & came in to Englond for to be crowned/ In his coming prisons were opened and he was crowned at london of Baldwyn Archebisshop of Caunterbury the third day of September the which day is accounted an evil day by the vain believe and usage of misbelieved men/ and is cleped in the calendar Dyes Egypciaca/ and dies mala an evil day as it were a day of boding of evil haps to the jews for the jews of Englond had evil hap that day/ Many jews came to this solemnity lest the wealth that they had under the old king should be withdraw in the new kings time/ But the king heet and commanded that the I●wes should not come in to the church/ while he were crowned nowther in to the palace while he were at meet/ But while the king was at meet/ somme of the jews pressed among other/ and come within the palace gate/ and one of 'em was smitten with a man's fist/ Than the Rabyssh people wend that the king had so commanded/ and up with staves bats and stone's/ and laid on the jews and made them to flee/ Hereof sprung liking things in to all the Cyte/ as though the king had commaund●d to destroy the jews/ and the people resxny & crying broke up the houses there the jews were fled for dread/ and brent and spoylled and took what they might/ & would not leave for the kings sending/ The outrage of▪ so great wodenesse if it were suffered should pass many cruel deeds and blemysshed moche the kings beginning/ But for the great multitude of 'em that were guilty he must let pass what he might naught take of full wretch/ ¶ at last the jews had peace granted/ And anon the king keveth dygnytees that avoideth/ And all without that his brother johan had of his faders yefte in Irlond & in normandy. he yaf him the provinces of Cornewail Of Devonshire/ of notyngham and of lancastre/ Also he yafe him the earls daughter of Gloucestre to wyf that was his Cousin in the third degree with all her faders lordship/ The lordship of the fourth deal that was yeven him made him unkind and untrue and desire the hoole kingdom/ The king committed the governance of the Royame's to the Bishop of Durham/ that should more skylfully and seemly occupy himself in god's service than in the kings service/ For the Gospel saith that no man may serve twey lords at full as he should/ though the bishop would to deal himself for to please either king of heaven and of earth/ Certainly the king of heaven alloweth not service that is so deled For he would be serve with all the might of the soul/ And what if the Bishop that is but half yeven to God's service doth not his office as he should/ but ordained unworthy and reckless persons in his steed for he would serve ho●ily in the palace other in the feire and court/ For in none half man maketh God at full of the acountes of an earthly prince/ ¶ Also the king for to have the more large expense toward jerusalem he resigned the Castles of Berwick and Rokesburgh to the king of Scotland for ten thousand pound/ ¶ Also he beguiled the old man the rich bishop of durham and made him buy his own province for a greet some of money/ therefore the king said oft in his game/ I am a wonder crafty man/ For I have made a new earl of an old bishop by such manner wile and speech he empted many man's purses and bags/ and sold dygnytees and lordshipes that longed to the king as though he thought never for to come again/ In a time his friends that were homely with him blamed him therefore and he answered & said I would sell london and I might find a chapman that might well pay/ many men bought with the better will/ For they trowed that the king would never come again/ he had take power of the pope that he might byneme the cross whom that he would/ and thereby he gate many thousand pound/ than the king as it seemed betook rechelesly the governing of the kingdom to his chancellor bishop of hely/ and sailed in to Normandy before mydwynter tide/ That time at dunstaple the sign of the cross was seen in heaven/ and soon thereafter the sh●p of the cross was seen forsake the banner and pass somewhat of space therefrom/ Tell who that will what it might mean/ For I have learned to tell this wonder and not to describe what it should mean/ Than the kings of Englond and of France after that they had made surety between 'em twain they dwelled at Turon in France for to abide summer to wend in the way to the holy land not only for holy intent and for cause of the faith/ But for desire of her own wealth and hope of great hap and fortune/ but the ryghtwysenesse of God alloweth not such manner doing/ but seemly god ordaineth that outrageous pride of misbelieved men should be allayed in that manner/ Also without the meschyef that jews suffered in her body and catel at lyncolne and at lynne/ yet at york after a long siege and great meschyef and woe/ Raby master of jews forkytte the veins of four honderd jews & of his own veins also and his veins throat Also at staunford Jews were beaten/ slain and pilled/ And one John most hardy of Crysten men come to Northampton with many great prays/ there the hostiler slow him privily by night for covetise of money that he had brought/ And threw the body by night without the cyte and fled aweye as a thief should/ Than old wives met and there were seen wonder false sights of false tokenes/ and the silly men bore on honde/ that it was for the holiness of that man that they held a very martyr and worshipped the sepulchre of the deed man with solemn watches/ and yefts/ But wise men lough hem to scorn/ but clerks of the places were well apaid therewith/ for they had prouffyte thereby/ this was told to the bishop/ & anon he forbade the doing of simple men upon pain of cursing & the great boost of coveytons men & her false martyr/ in the mean time while king rychard was absent willian bishop of hely the kings chancellor procurator of the Reme the pope's legate in englonde made for money he held low the clergy/ and spoke by the kings power/ and bore down the common people and showed authority of the pope of Rome/ and rood with a thousand horses/ he grieved abbeys with payments and with gifts/ and made his allies the greatest of the land/ Either prymates see he held low enough/ at his own will/ For Baldwyn tharchebisshop of Caunterbuy died at Troy's before the coming of the king fro the holy land and the kings brother geoffrey elect of york/ he had let ten year that he was not sacred/ And also geoffrey landed at Dover/ and he bynam his cateyt and drew him out of saint martyns abbaye and put him in the kings tour/ And made a counsel at westmynstre as the kings procurator/ and the pope's legate There his fautour Hugh novaunt bishop of Chestre put forth a plaint that the monks of Coventre had shadde his blood right before the high altar/ Therefore william bishop of hely deemed that monks should be put away from Coventre/ & that clerks should be brought thither that liveth by provends by occasion her of this Hugh that was gyleful of wit/ shameless and hardy in evil deeds cunning in lettrure & fair speech/ and had alweye made debate and strif between the priour and the Covent of Coventre/ now with strength of men of Arms he put out the monks as passing evil doers/ and guilty of hughs tr●spaas/ and sent anon to the court of Rome men of answer full informed with lettres of bishops witnessing that the monks had forsake Cristes' chivalry and were fall to worldly liking/ therefore he prayed the pope of free ordinance of that Abbay●/ The pope abode six months with the sentence for to abide if any man would come and speak for the monks/ but defaute of spences let the monks and made that the bishop had all his will/ the monks come uneath at last when they had long wept the wrong of her violent out putting. But the bishops might and power had the maistrye by money and sleight and many years the monks were disparpled/ and what they had was ordained to provends of clerks and they lived porely▪ and gate their lyflode as they might/ therefore when this bishop Hugh was seek at becco in normandy on a good friday/ and might noman find that would set him penance as it is said/ ¶ Than he said/ and I dame myself to lie in the pain of purgatory for mine evil deeds unto the day of doom/   

¶ Capitulum 26▪  
AFter Clement the thyrdde Celestinus was Pope syxe yer● and eight months/ the second day of his consecration he crowned the fifth henry Emperor Frederycks son/ In this manner/ first before the grease of the church of Rome he took ●n oath of this henry that he should defend and maintain holy church and the rights of holy churches/ and if aught were bynome o● saint Peter's lands he should restore it again/ with all his might Thenne he saate in his chair/ and held the emperors crown with his feet and the emperor bowed down his heed/ and the pope leete fall the crown upon the emperors heed/ and smote it of again of the emperors heed anon with his feet/ in token that the pope hath power to make the emperor and to set him down if he be worthy/ The cardinals stood by and took up the crown and set it upon the emperors heed again/ While the king was absent the foresaid wylliam de longchamp Bishop of hely prived hugh bishop of durham of all manner worship/ and grieved the Bishop of wynchestre/ and wrethyd nigh all/ In the mean time/ many were arrayed for to pass the see to have and ask remedy of the king and help against the common tyrant/ but he was waare thereof and come before all other/ and had all his will and come again oer other men come to the king/ but other men had lettres also such as they would and one of 'em that was bishop of lyncolne came again and pursued william bishop of hely unto lyncolne/ There was set a day to answer in the castle of tykhylle/ there when the bishop of durham was come/ this william spoke to him and said// I take the bishop not a bishop/ but I chancellor take the Castellan till that thou yeve pledges to yield up the kings Castles/ The fame of this evil man william fulfilled all englond/ So that the great grudged against him and the small cursed well fast/ The kings brother johan was wroth for the taking of his brother Geffrey earl of york/ and gathered great strength of his own province and of walsshemen with many bishops/ and chased this william from wyndesore to the tour of london/ and from thennes to dover/ there this william dread lest he should not freely pass the see and took a woman's clot above his own clothing and covered his heed and the most part of his face with kercheves and wymples and walked on the clyf/ and bore on his lift arm a web of linen clot as it were to selling and bore a meet yerde in his right hand/ for he would slily escape and pass by that craft and not be espied/ But by cause he couth not sell and undo his clot as a woman should he was take by his privy members & despytously espied/ but at last he passed the see/ and the bishop of Rothomage had the reuling of the Royamme by commandment of the king that was than in Scicilia/ Also the bishop of bath was choce Archebisshop/ but he was son deed/ and yet william bishop of hely purchased a well strong maundement of Celestinus the pope/ and had the same authority and power that he had rather as it were for amendemence of the kingdom of englond/ and for to withstand johan that would byneme his brother the kingdom while he was absent But in all this he was beguiled for he conspired and was assenting to johan other for yefts other for fair byhestes/ And yet all for naught for though he showed at dover the great waraunt of his legacy/ yet the queen Elyanor and the Archebisshops of Rothomage and of york/ and many other compelled him for to sail again. then after that they had abide sprynging time at Turon the kings of Frannce and of Englond went/ the one by water and the other by land and come to Scicilia/ There the king of France let pass the trespaas of his men unpunished and was cleped a lamb/ but the king of Englond l●te no trespaas unpunysshed/ therefore he was cleped a lion/ Also king Richard fought with griffons in Calabria/ and in Scicilia/ and had the maystrye/ He made a Castel of tree to be lad about and he rered that Castel against the cyte of messan and cleped that Castel mategryffons/ with that castle afterward he took the cyte of Acres/ Also there his mother brought him a fair maid of speech and of shap Berengaria that was the kings daughter of navarn/ and king rychard wedded her to wyf/ Than the king of france went forth in to siria/ & the king of Englond abode somewhat after that he w●s goon/ but in that abiding he was not ydel· but he sent forth vytayls & made engines Than he went out of Scicile and come in to Cypress & bythouht him that twain of the kings ships were broken with tempest of the see and spoylled by men of Cypress/ therefore king rychard chased the king of the land that would not do amendss/ from Cyte to Cyte till that the king yielded him to king Richard/ And the king yield himself upon covenant that he should not be put in bounds of iron/ king Richard granted him/ but he put him in bounds of silver and dwelled there twey months/ and had the land at his will/ than he went to acres and took in the see one of the soudans greet ships lad with greet riches/ and bulged and thyrled it in the neither side/ when he come to akres fell stryf between him and the king of France in this manner/ by covenant that was made between him at Turon/ The king of France challenged half that was won in Cypress/ king rychard ayene said & said that the covenant was made of the winning of the holy land and against the Sarazens/ Also there was another cause of stryf for the king would lene nothing to th'earl of champayn that was than full needy and in great meschyefs/ but he would say champayne to the king to wed/ than the earl said/ I have done that I should do hereafter/ I shall do that me nedyth/ Mine own lord takyth me not but for of mine/ therefore I shall go to him that is more ready to yeve than to take/ Than he came to king rychard/ and was rich enough Also king Richard favoured guy king of jerusalem against Conradus markys king of Tyrus that the king of france favoured on that other side/ But they came to the si●ge of acres that was besyeged two year & all their travail lost/ For the engines that were brought against the cyte were brent with Grekysshe fire that no water might quench nother other Element/ ¶ Also the Crysten host waxed lass and lass somdele by sickness and somdele for other defaults and meschyefs/ Also it was to deled in parties for the stryf that was between guy and the marks/ Also some great of our side had received money and meed of the Sultan   

¶ Capitulum 27  
THan the year of our lord eleven honderd four score and ten/ the eleventh day of juyl/ the thirteenth day after the coming of king Richard/ the cyte thelomayda was take that is called acres/ In that taking the duke of austrych followed king rychard for he would on caas challenge part of the prays that were take/ but I can not tell whether by hap other by the kings will the duke of austryche banner was trodden in the seen/ Therefore the duke was wroth and turned home again for to take afterward greater wretch of king rychard/ Than all that there was won was departed between the kings of englond and of France/ and the king of France sold his prisoners and the king of englond hinge his own prysonners/ Herfor and for other such deeds the king of France byganne for to strive/ & had great envy to the name that king rychard had and said that the eyer was dystempered and went home again and sworn that he would do no damage to king rychard before his coming out of the holy land/ than he had good wind and sailed in to ytaly/ and came to the pope & prayed to be assoylled of an oath that he had made against his will/ but the pope would not assent Than Conradus the marks was slain of twey thieves in his own Cyte Tyrus/ And the king of france founded for to put that cursed deed upon king Richard/ & made a counsel at Paris/ & there he said that he would be wrought upon king rychard/ but the wisest men counseyled him to leave his purpose/ & take none hasty wretch/ & said/ though it were sooth that was bore king richard on hand/ yet men should not hastily and unskylfully worche but men should abide by cause of honest till he were come home again/ for it was known that he was in pilgrimage for crystes sake/ Also if he would when he were come home purge him of that men bore him on honde other make good for the trespaas/ than it shall be well enough/ & else it is ryghtful to ask wretch and that in skilful time/ & if this counseyl please you not/ ask counsel of the pope/ the king ceessed for a time/ but he cast a cruel doing & bloody for the kingdom of Englond/ For the king of France sent messengers for to have to his wyf the kings sister of denmark upon such a covenant that he should have granted with her all the right that the danes had sometime in Englond and navey and strength for one year to help win that right  
That condition was denied for the Wandales that were against him in the other side/ but the king had with the wench ten thousand marc of silver/ But after the first night of the wedding/ the king forsook her and put her away unseemly other by cause her breath stank/ other for he fond her not maid/ That time in the eeste lands was greet default of expense and also king Richard was wickedly defamed that he was untrue to the king of France and had done him wrong. and also that he had hired thieves to slay conradus the marks and that he had conspired with the sultan to bytraye the holy land/ and that it was therefore that king rychard would not go to for to take the holy cyte/ therefore king rychard arrayed him homewar Also for the more deal of the crysten host was destroyed with sword/ with sickness with hunger and with hard travail/ In that doing take heed that the high wisdom of god that ret●●●th but little as it seemeth of the worldly heel and salvation of his servants while he maketh 'em come wisely by meschyefs and sorrow to fulfil the cyte of heaven/ I tell it for they that passed so there sped more graciously than they that come home again to her foul manner of living of old time/ so cryst our king useth well the evil deeds of mankind while he takyth the earthly jerusalem in to the hands of enemies for the sin of 'em that dwelled th●rynne and bryngyth forth wisely large winning of high jerusalem of heaven/ for the default/ and shame of our time the holy Cyte mote be defouled of misbelieved men unto that time/ that god knowyth alone/ For without any doubt when time cometh the holy land shall cast out evil men that dwell therein as it did sometime & on caas with well lass strength/ for god's owen strength should be more known in that man deed/ So among the machabeys one said it is but little maystrye to god almighty to overcome many men with the might and strength of few men and that was showed and declared when one pursued a thousand and twain chased ten thousand/ And gedeon died aweye the greet multitude/ and had the victory of a greet multitude with three honderd men that laped water in to their own mouths/ But Crysten men shall not assay god and start forth rabbyschly and unwisely few against many enemies/ as who says we have a good lord and a mighty/ For god wo● that his servants trust so on him that they be not reckless and negligent but worche wisely/   

¶ Capitulum 28  
THan trewes were take for three year between king richard & the sultan/ & hubert bishop of Salesbury go to the sepulchre for himself/ and for the king and offered there an holy oyst/ and came thennes and sailed with the king to Cypress/ Thennes' the king sent forth to Scicile twey queens/ his wyf/ and his sister neygh with all his main/ and he might not well endure in the soft see/ but he sailed with a strong wind toward the countray of hystria with few men/ and was driven till that he came between Aquila & venyse/ & there he hoved & bleynt hider and thither/ & hid him somewhat of time & men made great purveyance of vytayls for him/ and so he was aspyed and take of the duke's men of Austryche/ when that was known the king of france made johan king Rychardes' brother to torn lightly against king rychard/ and exyted also themperour of almayn against king rychard/ than themperour made covenant with the duke of austryche for to have the thyrdde part of the prouffyte & winning that come of king rychard and had king rychard in to his own ward/ yet while king rychard bore the cross and the sign of our lord/ And the emperor put hyin in a place that is called Tryvallis/ there arystotle seith it were good a man to sle his own father/ but about palmsonday themperour brought forth king rychard to yeve his answer before many lords of the emperors land/ and he came forth with so glad cheer & answered to all thing that was put against him/ that the Emperor was bowed not only to mercy/ but also for to do him great reverence & worship/ than came to the king that was so held william bishop of hely that was put out of englond for his great extorcions & outrages/ he came to the king for to espy what will the king had to him ward/ & when he might not beguile the king with gyle of blind flattering he had evil trust to himself and turned again to France with hoop of grace/ But Hubert bishop of Salesbury come out of Scicile to the king and was sent in to englond for governing of the Royame's and also for to speed the kings raunsone when he was comen in to englond he was choose archebisshop by assent of the monks of Caunterbury and of the Bishops/ and no wonder/ He took the pal & and was stalled/ and took anon the habit of Cannon at Marton/ and was not grievous to the monks of Caunterbury/ but the sharpness of baldwyn had somewhat unwisely grieved them before/ Though this baldwyn was a good man and holy in other deeds/ yet he founded to torn the right and the prerogatyf of the election of the Archebisshop from the monks of Caunterbury/ by cause thereof fast by the monks church by favour of the king he byganne to build a place and great housing not without shedding of blood for to have there provends for secular canons/ and for bishops suffrygans should come thither for to trete therewith clerks of the election of the archebisshop and for to do away the monks/ but in the other side the monks appealed to the pope and compelled to ceesse the work that was begun/ and after baldwyns death they threw it down straight to the ground/ In that doing it is wonder of so greet a man/ that was first archedeken and than white monk/ and than abbot/ and than bishop of wyrcetre and than Archebisshop that ●e would bring men of more wnparfyghte life/ secular canons in stead of men of more parfyht life/ For sometime holy princes and bishops in englond would not have to many of such manner clerks/ & yeve them choice/ whether they would leave their benefice other change their life and go in to religion/ ¶ Trevisa/ It seemeth that baldwyn was well advised that cryst was heed of holy church/ and his apostles heyghe bishops/ and none of them all was never monk nother freer/ and so it might seem that he known well that other clerks were more parfyht than ever was monk other freer/ but for it is said that the clerk's had●● choice whether they would leave their benefice or go in to Religion/ of that choice it might seem great wonder/ for it seemeth thereby that they should leave their benefice/ how it ever were/ for if they go in to religion they should leave their benefice/ & if they go not in to religion they must leave the benefice by the rule of religion/ other they speak other wise of religion than all men in common spech● will mean & so it seemeth more wonder of that wonder than of his meaning/ but men would wonder that baldwyn that was a monk would not flatter with monks but held other clerks more holy than monks/ sith he known the degree of ever either. than it followeth in the story/ after the woe & tene that king rychard had in prison in almayn a year & three months/ he was delivered in the month of januar for an/ C/ thousand pound of silver/ & left with themperour pledges/ the Bishop of Rothomage and of bathe for some of the money that was not yet paid/ And for to pay that some of money all the will of white monks & of canons was take/ & also rings of prelate's vessels croyses and chalyces were take & gold of seventeen shrines shave & molten and no privilege of person nother of holy church nother freedom was spared/ the king dwelled two months full at swynne in Flaundres other to abide the wind other for to array what him needed/ There the emperors men had almost take him eftsoons/ for the Emperor thought thant he had latte go the king as phaaro forthought sometime that he had let go the children of Israel/ But in the month of march the king came a land at Sandwyche/ and dwelled a while at london and went and took the strengest castle that his brother johan had The Castles of nothyngham and of tykkehylle/ and put the wardeyns thereof in prysonne/ & by counsel & doom of lords he pryned his brother john of all manner worship/ For he held him untrue and unkind/ And heelde his easter at hampton/ And so at wynchester when the meschyef of his taking was wiped of/ he was newly crowned as a new king the fifth year of his kingdom/ After the solempnite of that crowning the king asked again all that was before lygh●ty yeven or grievously solnde/ and he accounted for the sort all the fruit that was take in the mean time and spared for no covenant nother for charter/ nother for deed/ nother for instrument/ And so he dwelled a while and sailed in to france for to were against the king of France/ than the kings fought and either sped diversly/ And trewes were granted for one year/ and that was prouffytable for king Richard for to gather both riches and strength/ though it would not stand with reason of honest/ johan king Rychardes' brother that turned to the king of france against his own brother for he had right naught/ he might do right naught/ therefore he was forsake of the king of France/ But by help of his mother Elyanor he came meekly again to king richarde & was afterward his true knight/ for use of ong knights as it were to make him all to fight in a battle/ that time tornementes that were left of long time were made & used again not withstanding the pope's forbeding   

¶ Capitulum 29  
About that time one steven procurator of Angeo that had wisely ybore him in the second king henry's time/ and in this king Richard's time also/ he supposed thant the king that was tender of body should be overcome with long way & perylle that he should never come again/ other if he come again it should be uneath/ therefore he bygan rabbysshly to pass his warrant in absence of the king/ than one that was homely with him conseylled him to ask of a nygromancer/ whether king Richard should come again or no/ the nygromancer lad steven in to a privy place and showed him a brazen heed in the which was a spirit closed/ ask of this what thou wilt quoth the nygromancer but few and shortly/ For he answered not to great jangling/ Shall I ever see king Rycharde quoth steven/ nay quoth the spirit/ how long shall mine offyce dure quoth steven/ To thy lives end quoth the spirit/ where shall I die quoth steven in pluma quoth the spirit/ Than might he ask no more but he went from his prophet and forbade his men and bad them that they should bring no fetheres nigh him in no manner wise/ and that by cause that a feather is pluma in latyn/ ¶ Thereafter he byganne to worche the more boldly and grieved his subgettis full sore/ and namely a noble man that fled sometime in to his own castle by cause steven pursued him/ ¶ This man aspyed when steven was reckless in the siege and took him and all to hakked him/ ¶ That Castel was called pluma/ And so the cautel of the gyleful spyryt was known/ And so it fell of gerebertus the false pope as it is said before  
Ranulphus And so it bef●ll of one alberycus earl of north thumberlond that was a mighty man with all and heelde hyin not apaid with his own state/ but he counseyled with a fiend/ that told him that he should have grecia that is grece/ Therefore he went eftward and came in to grece/ When the Greeks heard tell that he should regne over them they took of 'em all that he bade/ And put him out of their land/ But afterward somewhat of years this was weary of travail and of woe and came to king henry in to normandy/ and had of him a noble widow to wyf/ And when the priest should wed them/ he asked of the woman and said/ dame grecia haste thou will to this man· Thenne Albericus knew the gyle and the fraud of the falls spyryt that arered his own coveytous heart in to vain hope/ when king Richard had made ready to pay to the duke of austryche twenty thousand pond that was behind of ransom/ the pledges that king rychard had left with him come suddenly and told that the tyrant was overturned by wretch of god's doom and his land before his death was grieved with many great meschyefs/ For cities were suddenly brent/ and the river dannbyus passed the brynkes and died great harm far about/ Sedes that were sown fordryed in the earth/ Also this duke was accursed of the Pope/ for the taking of king Richard and scorned the cursing/ Also on a saint stevens day he rood to the fields and hurt so his foot that it most be kytte of/ And he without hope of life saw that he must die/ and in presence of the lords of his land he prayed to be assoylled of the sentence that he was in bound/ The clergy answered and said that it might not be/ but he would swear to stand to holy churches ordinance touching the wrong that he had done to king Richard/ the duke sworn and delivered king Rychardes' pledges anon after his oath/ Than the king amended his life/ and had also another warning for to amend his life/ For a man of Cenomania went to saint james for great devotion and came home again safe and sound/ Thereafter he had a greet devotion to wend and went to the holy land to see our lords grave/ As he went by the way upon caas aloone He saw one with a dredeful face and was afeard full sore/ and blessed himself welfast with the sign of the cross in every side Than the other as it were despising the sign of the cross seid/ thou might not defend thee/ in that manner but thou shalt be mine/ & if thou wilt fall down to the ground & worship me/ I shall make the Rich/ now quoth the man it seemeth that thou art contrary and of the other side/ take thou thine own/ crystes own yefte is enough for me/ I worship him aloone/ wilt thou nylt quoth he/ thou most have somewhat of mine/ And threw anon upon the man's heed as it were a thin mantel/ that brent the here of his heed and made the skin of his heed all black/ the man was sore afeard and cried to saint james Saint Jame came anon and arouted the fiend and axed what he was and whereof he served/ I am a fiend quoth he and grieve mankind/ I letted the Crysten kings in the journey in the eest lands/ I took king Richard prisoner by my servant the duke of ostrich After that king richard was deliud I beset him all about & namely about his chambre & his treasure that he gathered busily/ when these words were said the fiend vanisshed away & the man was comforted and left his weigh that he had meant and turned home again to Cenomannea and told king rychard what he had seen and heard/ and showed him his heed that was swelled and scalded/ than the king amended his own life and his manners/ About that time Hubert archebisshop of Caunterbury was lieutenant ● of the pope and of the king in englonde/ The Archebisshop of york was deed. and hubert made a greet counsel at york/   

¶ Capitulum 30/  
About that time were tweyn that founded as it were to do the kings prouffyte all by one intent but by dyners' causes of doing/ For the Abbot Cadonencis warned the king of the fraud of his officers/ therefore he would that their outrage should be chasted that men of the contrayes might live in peace/ But william with the long beard warned the king of the outrage of rich men that spared their own richesse & pilled poor men/ Thenne this abbot had a warrant and came to london in the month of Februar and made some to come before him/ the officers of countrayes and of provinces to yield full ac●untes/ But death him let so that he saw not eesterdaye/ ¶ Men sayen that this william was born at london/ and had 〈…〉 of his long beard that he used/ and was cleped william with the long beard/ He used that long beard because that he would seem the more worthy/ & seemly in speech and gathering of many men He was sharp of wit and somewhat y lettred and over measure a great speaker and by a manner kindly Rabbysshnesse of wit and of thews. he would geete him a great name and cast him to do new deeds and byganne to here great doing and deeds/ Also his wretched and shamely deeds against his own brother was sign and token of his wodenesse in his other deeds/ For he accused his own brother of treason to the king/ for he yaf him no more large expense of solace & cost than he was wont/ His brother was a bourgeys of london/ & had found him to Scole/ He was scorned of the prince for that deed/ & yet by favour of some men he had place among the great of london/ Also among the people he blamed venymously the prive deeds and outrage of rich men that mysferde with pour men and so he excited hugely· the mean men to love and desire freedom out of measure So that he socyed many to him as though they were bywytched right with wytchecraft/ For there he had tendaunt to his heestes five honderd thousand and two thousand men of london/ as it were to the common puruyour of all/ when he had so many fautors as he that would stand for the poor people and for the kings prouffyt he would in every gathering and counsel with stand gentlemen and say that by her fraud the king lost many great enchetes/ they grudged against him therefore/ and he sailed to the king and said him/ that Rich men died him greet wrong by cause he was true to him/ Thenne he came again and byganne to worche with fraud as he was wont more busily and more trustly/ and comforted his fautors as it were by favour of the king. Noise and tidings of this conspyracy sprang out and hubert Archebisshop of Caunterbury that had the rule of the Royamme heard thereof/ and sent for the people/ and rehearsed how it was told/ and for to put of all evil suspection/ he prayed well fair and axed pledges/ The people was pleased with his fair speech and yaf and delivered him pledges/ but this william held forth as he had bygonne and had much folk about him and went with great boost and array and made openly Conuentycles and counseyls and gadring of m●n and cleped himself the saviour of poor men/ and made great boost and brag and said that the frowardness and outrage of mighty men should be allayed/ and that in a short time/ And he took a teme of holy writ and byganne to preach in this manner/ Haurietis aquas in gaudio de fontibus salvatoris/ that is draw up water with joy of the wells of the savour/ I am said he the savour of poor men/ you be poor men and have essayed the hard hands of Rich men/ now draw you and lave up water of heelefull lore up of my wells/ and that for joy for the time of your visitation is come/ I shall quoth he depart and dyvyde waters from waters/ the people is water/ than shall I dyvyde and depart the people that is true and meek from the people that is fal● and proud/ I shall depart good men from evil men as light from derknesse/ than by council of lords this hubert sent for willian for he should stand and answer to that m●n should put against him/ he come at that time as he was somned/ but he had so much people about him that he that had sent for him was afeard and the softer in his doing and put o● the doom for that time Afterwards oportunyte was aspyed by two burgeys of london/ when he might be found aloone without people about him & men of arms were sent for to take him/ But william with his axe slew one of the bourgeys that had espied him/ Anon william with few of his men and with his concubine that would never from him went in to a church/ that was there fast by that is saint marry church at bow/ then he would not defend him as it were in a church but as it were in a Castel with strength and hoped in veyn that his people would come and deliver him/ The people was soory for the peril that he was Inn/ and is no wonder but by cause of the pledges that they had yeven him/ & for dread of the knights that they saw armed they came not to his deliverance/ than william was boden come out but he would not/ than he was compelled by fire and smoke to come out maugre his teeth/ when he came out the bourgeys son/ that he had slain forkytte his womb with a knyf/ but by d●me of the court when he was taken he was first drawn with horses and than he was hanged with nine fellows that would never leave him/ but fautors defamed the Archebisshop as a mansle●r and not only that but alfo for to wipe away the shame of their own conspyracye and for to prove that they that dampened william were wicked men and evil doers/ By craft and by fraud and gyle they fonded to make william to have the name and worship of a martyr ¶ Also men seyn that a priest of williams kin laid the chain that william was with bound under a man's heed that was seek of the fevers and preached openly that the man was hool anon/ Right this sprung out among the people/ and the people came privily by night and took aweye his gybet and pared away little and little the earth that was by bled with his blood/ And made a great dyche and kept the earth as it were holy relics to hele with seek men/ Name and tidings hereof sprung well wide and great company both of sly men and of fools came to the place and work there by night/ alway came thither greet multitude of lewdmen and of fools/ and as moche worship as they died the deed man so moche vylonye they put upon him that him had dampened/ This error had so his forth when it was bygon that it would have by witched wise men & ready and they redyly take h●ede to the doing that they known of this willians deeds/ for he slew a man a little before his taking/ and that is enough for a wise man to know that he should not be worshipped as a martyr/ & yet his last confession that he made when he should die/ should sham● all that worshipped him/ for a martyr. Many counseylled him to be shreven meekly of his sins/ and to worship god/ he shroof him/ though it were laate and knowleched that he had defouled saint marry church and lay there by a woman while he was therynne/ Also by cause his men come not at his will to deliver him/ he forsook marry son and called the devil to help and prayed that he would deliver him William's fautors denied all this and said that it was falsely feigned/ also the vanity of this tale fill down son & dured but a while and allayed the stryf/ For sothnesse is steadfast and is stir enger in long time/ but falseness feigned vanished away in short time/ ¶ Than hubert the Archebisshop ruler of the Royamme cursed that priest and set men of Arms to keep that place because cause men should not c●me thither a pilgrimage/ And so the sleight that was feigned fill away in short time/ And thopinion of the people byganne for to rest   

¶ Capitulum 31  
THat time one Fulco an holy priest in Gallia came to king Richard and said king/ to the I say in the name of god almighty that thou marye soon thine three evil doughters·s lest some worse hap the befall/ thou liest ypocryte quoth the king for daughter have I none/ yes said he/ thou hast pride covetise and lechery/ The king had lords to geders and said I ye●e my pride to the templars and hospytalers'/ my covetise to white monks/ and my lechery to prelate's of holy church/ They that saw this Fulco took and put him in bounds/ but he might not be bound/ This year died Rees prince of wales/ Of him one said in this manner/ O bliss of battle child of chivalry Defence of contraye worship of arms/ Arm of strength hand of largeness/ eye of reason/ brightness of honest/ bearing in breast Hector's prowess/ Achilles' scharpnesse/ Nestor's sobrenesse/ Tydeus hardiness/ sampson's strength/ hectors worthiness/ Eurialius swyftnesse/ ulyxes' fair speech/ Salamons' wisdom/ Ajax hardiness/ O clothing of naked/ the hungryes meet/ fulfilling all men's bone/ that him would aught bid/ O fair in speech/ fellow in service/ honneste of deed and sober in word/ glad of semblant and love in face/ goodly to every man and rightful to all/ The noble dyademe of fairness of wales is now fallen/ that is Rees is deed/ all wales groaneth/ Rees is deed/ the name is not lost but bliss passeth/ The bliss of wales passeth/ rees is deed worship of the world goth away/ Res all praising slakyth/ wales liveth in groaning/ Rees is deed/ Rees is away/ the enemy is here/ for Rees is not here/ Now wales helpyth not itself/ Rees is deed and y take away/ But his noble name is not deed for it is alway new in the world wide/ This place holdyth great worship if the birth is byholde/ if men ask what is the end/ It is ashes and powder/ here he is hid/ but he is unhylled for nam● dureth evermore/ And suffereth not the noble duke be hid of speech/ his prowess passed his manners/ his wit passed his prowess/ his fair speech passed his wit/ his good thews passed his feyr speech  
AFter Celestinus the third innocent that was called lot●arius also was pope eight year and five monethes·s This was a lettred man and made the books de miseria human condicionis and speculum miss and many constitutions/ he dampened Abbot Joachim'S book that he had made against Pyers lombard master of sentence/ he dampened also amary Carnotensis with his heretic loore ¶ Also that year when the Emperor was deed/ the princes of almayn discorded for some chose otho and some phelip the fifth henry's brother/ but phelip was traytourly slain/ and otho was crowned of Pope innocent in france/ he fought anon with the Romans/ by cause they had done him no worship/ And than he byname frederyk the kingdom of apulea against the pope's will/ and therefore he was accursed of the Pope/ than the fourth year of his reign the princes of Almaigne made Frederyk Emperor/ and he had worshipfully the victory of otho/ this last year of king richard one wydomarus vycecounte of lemonke in brytayne the lass/ the king ofenglondes own man fond greet treasure of gold and silver in his own ground/ and sent a greet deal of the treasure to king Richard/ and he refused it and said that he should have all by the right of his lordship/ and the other withsaid him/ Than the king besyeged the vycecountes castle that is called Calux/ and trowed that the treasure was therein/ the mynystres of the Castel come out to the king and proffered him the castle with all that was therein saving their life and lime and armour/ But the king would not/ but had them go again and defend theym self with all the strength that they couth and might/ Thenne on on a day the king and the duke of brabant went about for to espy the feebleness of the Castel/ and one bertrand guedon an all balastrer it the king in the arm with a dart/ therefore the king had that the Castel should be take in all wise and all men that were therinne should be hanged out take him that. him had wounded and so it was done/ the shaft was take out/ but the iron abode withynne and veins and sinews were forkytte/ & the ninth day after when the king should die/ he sent for him that him had wounded and spoke to him and said/ what did I ever to the that thou haste wounded me to death/ thou slew quoth he my father and my twey brethren and now thou wouldest have slain me also/ therefore it plesyth me what pain I ever suffer/ so that thou be deed/ than the king commanded that he should go free/ and yaf him an honderd schyllynges sterling/ But after the kings death the duck of brabant made him he flayn all quyk/ and hanged/ than king rychard died the sixth day of apryl and his body was deled in three and beryed in three places/ therefore one said in metre in this manner/ vyscera carleolum corpus fons servat ebardy/ et cor Rothomagum magne Rycarde tuum/ In terra dividitur unus quia plus fuit uno/ Non superest uno/ gracia tanta viro/ that is thy bowels been at carl●el Thy body at font ebrard. and thine heart at Roon thou great Richard/ he is departed in three for he was more than one and so great grace is not in one man alive/ Another metriour said in this manner/ Cryste tui calicis predo fit preda calucis/ Ere brevi denis/ qui tulit era crucis/ Hic Richarde iaces/ sed mors si cederet armis Victa timore tui cederet armis tuis/ that is Cryst the thief of the chalys is caluxes pray/ For short metal thou throwyst him down that took the metal of the croys/ Here thou liest Richard/ but if death would spare for weepen overcome with dread of the he would void thy weepen/ Trevisa/ Here king rychard is cleped Caluxes pray for he was slain at a Castel that was called calux   

¶ Capitulum 32  
King Richard died without children/ and his brother johan without land was king after him/ Anon he occupied king rychardes treasure at chynon and sent hubert the Archebisshop to ordain things in englond/ but thomas of thorney bytoke angeo to Artur duke of Brytayne the son of the elder brother geoffrey/ there come to geders the lords of Angeo of Cenomannia and of Chynon in Tureyn/ And held with Artur as the manner is of the land/ there the elder brother son shall be eyer if the elder son dieth without son/ Constans Geffr●ys love countess of brytayne betook the ward of her son Arthur and his heritage to the king of France/ but johan overturned soon Cenomannea/ for he held with Arthur/ Than at Easter at Roen johan was gird with the sword of the ducherye of Brytayne/ And on holy thursday at westmynstre he was crowned king of Englond of hubert Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ That day johan made hubert his own chauncel●r/ Hubert was to proud of that offyce· and afterward one spoke to him and said Sire thou shouldest not be proud of the yok of thraldom/ Of●e we have herd of an Archebisshop made of a chancellor/ but never a chancellor made of an Archebisshop/ hereafter about saint johns' feast the nativity king johan sailed in to normandy There were trewes y take between the kings of Englond and of France/ and assured with oath and with writing/ So that whether of 'em broke first that peace his men should be assoylled of his homage and fewte and torn to the other king/ But afterward king johan would slay his own nephew Arthur· thenne the king of France occupied many lands beyond the see/ ¶ Also this year the earl of Flaundres bycam king johns' league man/ And the king of France made Arthur knight/ & took of him homage for the lands of Angeo/ of Cenomannea/ of Peytow and of toreyn/ Of little britain and of normandy Also this year was made dyvorse solemnly between king john and his wyf the earls daughter of gloucetre by cause of kindred in the thyrdde degree/ And by counseyl of the king of France king johan wedded Isabel the daughter of engolosym/ and gate on her henry and Richard duke of cornewayle and three daughters/ and took anon tribute of every teme land in englond three schyllynges/ and went again in to normandy/ That time the third Ranulph earl of Chestre on caas by ensample of the king left his wyf Constance countess of brytayne that he had w●dded sometime by counseylle of henry/ and wedded one Clemencia Rauffes daughter of Feneger/ therefore he died without children as some men wenen/ Men trowyn that this year bygan the lordship of Tartres/ these m●n dwelled under the hills of Ind that was preter johns' son and went to robbing and reaving and took prays of other nacion●/ Also that year Frensshe men took Constantinople/ and made there Emperor baldwyn earl of Flaundres/ Men of the country about long time thereafter might uneath leave that that cyte was take/ and that for old prophecy that said that that Cyte might not be take but by an angel/ but the enemies entered in to the cyte by a place of the wall there an Angel was painted/ and so the men of the contraye knew atte last that they were beguiled by double entendment of an angel/ The second Frederyk was Emperor three and thirty year/ This was crowned of Pope honorius/ first he favoured holy church as it were his own mother. but afterward he spoylled holy church as it were his stepdame/ therefore Pope Honorius cursed him and assoylled men of his faith and feute/ The ninth pope gregory renewed the same sentence/ this frederyk took his own son henry king of almaigne and slew him in prison/ Also the prelate's that the ninth Gregory had sent for to c●me to a general counsel he made them to be take/ And while he was so accursed he went to the holy land and left there more desolation and discomfort than consolation and comfort/ Atte last he was set down of the fourth pope innocent/ & while he be syeged a cyte of ytalye he lost his treasure/ and the pope's legate chased him in to Apulea/ and there he eveled and died/ ¶ About this year fill so great rein thunder/ and hail/ that hay● stones fill down from heaven as great eggs meddled with rein/ And destroyed wines and corns/ Men were shende and fowls were seen flee in the eyer and bear fuyer coals in their bills and set houses a fire/ ¶ Also this year at london died saint hugh bishop of lyncolne but he was beryed at lyncolne/ To his beryeng came the pope's legate and three Archebisshops of Caunterbury of develyn and of Ragne and thyrten bishops and twey kings of Englond and of Scotland that was so comen thither for to swear feute upon the hubert archebisshops cross and for to do● homage to king johan. That day a woman had her sight that had be seven year blind/ and a purskeruer in kytting of purses was lame in his hands till that he was delivered by praying of the clergy of the people/ This Hugh was of the nation of beyond the see/ he was made prior of the chartrous at wycham/ besides Salesbury and thenne he was made bishop of lyncolne/ when he was stalled at lyncolne by the archdeacon men asked an horse other a Cow for his stalling/ And he said he were liefer forsake the bisshoprich than yeve any manner things for such a doing/ Wild fowls would fetch meet at his hand/  
This year eustace abbot of flay came in to englond for to preach god's word/ and died many miracles among the other miracles he blessed the well of wy bysydes Caunterbury/ and seek men that drunk thereof had their he'll/ For a woman that had a fiend within her drank thereof and cast up twey black toads/ that turned anon in to hounds and then in to great Asses/ and flyed up in to the eye and left foul foores after hem/ This eustace by his preaching made many man leave userye and cheaping and feyres on the sondaye/ He made that light should brenne alweye in churches before god's body/ and that lords at board should have alms dysshes/ At last some prelate's had envy to this Eustace and said/ thou hast no leave to set thine hook on other men's ripe/ there is moche corn quoth he/ and few werkmen. and so he went in to normandy/  
Also this year in the province of york in the month of December were seen five moans in heaven/ one in the Eeste/ Another in the west/ The thyrdde in the south. the fourth in the north/ And the fifth in the myddel of heaven/ And go syxe scythes about the other moans/ as it were in an hour/ and vanished away atte last/   

¶ Capitulum 33  
AT lammesse at the castle of myrabel king johan took and slay his nephew Arthur and prysonned his sister elyanor at Brystowe to her lives end/ therefore as it were for felony/ the king of france occupied normandy brytayn peytow/ angeo/ & Cenomannea/ This year that was the sixth year of the thyrdde innocentius began thordre of frere prechours in the countray of tholons under the duke dominik/ but it myht not be confirmed before the first year of honorius/ than fill a sharp winter and grisly/ and dured from jeres day to the annunciation/ Also king johan married his baast daughter to lewelyn prince of wales/ and yaf with her the castle and all the lordship of Ellesmer in the march of wales/ this year when hubert archebisshop of Caunterbury was deed fill great stryf in the ehirche of Caunterbury/ For some chose the subprior/ and some the bishop of norwyche/ by the kings heeste/ but innocentius the pope undid either election and sacred steven of langton/ Hounds and maistynes been slain in all the forestes of englond/ Gir In south wales in morgons' land a knight appeared to one master moris in his sleep that was wont to play with him/ and to make versus either with other now beginning and eft ending/ So that either should end others verse/ In that appearing the knyht spoke to maystre morys and said/ Master morys I will that thou end this verse/ Destruet hoc reguum Rex regum/ But end thou it quoth morys for thou hast almost made a full verse/ As I see quoth the knight/ thou art old and slow/ Therefore end in this manner/ Destruet hoc regnum rex regum duplici plaga That is king of kings shall destroy this Royamme with double meschyefs/ Also this year was henry born king johns' oldest son y gete on ysabel/ he gate on her this henry and rychard earl of Cornewayle and three daughters/ Isabel the emperyce & Elyanor that was first married to william marchal Earl of Penbroke and afterwards to simon de montford earl of leycetre that gate on her six children/ ¶ Also the third jane was married to the king of Scotland/ ¶ This year bygan the enterdyting of Englond that dured seven year contynuelly/ For king johan refused and would in no wise take Steven of langton Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ that was confirmed by the Pope· Also king johan chased the monks of caunterbury and took their goods in his own honde/ therefore the pope assoylled king johans' men of his homage and fewte/ and written to the kings next johan that they should arryse against john Heretics that height albygensis come in to englond/ and some of them were brent alive/ Sarazens came out of affryca with three thousand men of arms all without/ lx/ M/ Lavendres/ and occupied a great deal of spain/ therefore innocentius the pope sent messengers to diverse nations for help and succour of the holy lands/ for the sarasyns had builded strengths in the hill mount Tabor for to were against Acres/ Also this year saint Fraunceys bygan the order of frere menours bysides assize/ The king of France with a great host occupied the clives of normandy against king johan/ The pope's legate pandulphus came in to englond and spoke to king johan and charged hyghely/ that he should be buxom and obedient to the church of Rome/ the king saw peril in every side by the king of France & also by lords of his own lands/ that had by writing turned 'em self to the king of France/ than the king obliged all his kingdom of englond and Irlond also for him and his heyers to pope innocentius and his lawful successors for ever/ so that after that time he and his heirs should be feodaryes to the church of Rome/ and pay every year seven honderd mark/ for englond and two honderd mark for Irlond/ So that if he or any of his heirs failed of this condition other of the payment he should fall of the right of the kingdom/ hereafter pandulphus went forth and compelled the king of France to wend out of normandye Steven tharchebisshop/ and they that were exiled with him came in to englonde and assoylled the king and his fautors in the church of wynchestre/ but he made 'em swear that they should restore all that was wrongfully taken/ About that time king john caused to hang & draw an holy man that height pyers of ponfret/ for he had warned him of many myshappes that him should fall for his cruelness and for his fornication. Also for he had warned him that he should regne but/ xiv/ year/ & he reigned almost xviij/ year/ but he knew not in that doing that he reigned freely but xiv year/ but he reigned three year not freely for thilk thr● year he was trybutary to the pope/ cryst appeared twice to this pyers at york and once at ponntfret and taught him many things that he told afterward to bishops and people that were of evil life/ Also in a time he lay three days and three nights as he were in swooning and was ravished and saw the joys and pains of good men & of evil/ On saint Andrew's even king john took the Castel of Rouchestre/ there many gentlemen were conspired against him/ Also Louis that was the kings brother of France came in to englond atte prayer of the lords and had homage and fewte of Frensshe men and Englysshe/ and of the king of scotland at london/ But the Pope's legate Gna●● was than in englond/ and cursed Louis and his fautors/ nethe less lowy● took wynchestre and besyeged dover and wyndesore· Pope innocentius died/ and the thyrdde honorius was pope after him ten year and eight months/ In his first year he confirmed the order of frere prechours/ For the third innocentius was loath to confirm that ordre/ king iohn died at newerk of the flux on saint Calyxtes day the pope/ the seventeenth year of his kingdom in the sixth month/ but he was bowelled in the Abbaye of white canons at Croghton/ and beryed at wyrcetre in the middel of the quere of monks/ R/ But the common fame tellyth that he sworn there at meet that the loof that was than there worth an half penny/ should be worth twelve pens within that year if he might live/ A monk of that house heard that/ and made him drink of venom and shroof him and was houseled and drank to the king as it were his tastour/ and so the king/ and he died both atones   

¶ Capitulum 34/  
ANon upon saint symons day & Jude king johns' son henry a child of ix year old was made king/ he was helped by strength & wit of the Pope's legate of the bishop of wynchestre/ of thearls of penbroke/ & of chestre/ for ranulph earl of chestre had than take lyncoln against lowy● & slain there many frenssh men Than lowiss see that his party was feebled & took money & yielded up the strengths that he had hold/ & was assoilled of the pope's legate/ & went again in france/ lewd men that held with Louis were not disheryted but clerks as the trespass wa● great were prived of her benefices/ other sent to the court of rome for to be assoylled/ Ranulph earl of chestre went to  after that he was acorded with lewelyn prince of wales/ & damyeta was taken of crysten men/ This year first the abbots of blac order come to geders at oxenford for to tr●te of thordre/ king henry began the new werk at westmestre/ & ranulph earl of chestre came out of the holy land and builded the castles of charteley & of beston & thabbey of delacresse of the white ordre/ for the costs of these castles/ he took tollage of & in all his land/ Also this year seint thomas of caunterbury the martyr was translated by Steven the Archebisshop during the solemnity he fond hay and provend to all men that would ask it in the way between london and Caunterbury/ ¶ Also in the day of the translation he made win to run in pipes contynuelly in divers places of the Cyte/ & so the cost that Steven made in thi● solempnite/ his fourth successor bonefacius paid it uneath/ Alysander king of scotland wedded jone king henry's sister/ On saint luk the evangelists day came a wind out of the north side/ that broke down houses orchards and woods/ belhous/ and belfrayes/ Also fiery dragons & evil spirits were seen i'll about in the whirlwind/ At ox●ford in the counseyl of bishops was one taken that had in his body wounds as our lord Cryst had nailed to the cross/ This said that he was Jesus'/ but by doom of holy church he was take to be punished & at abburbury he was nailed to the cross/ David an earl of Scotland had a son johan that wedded lewelins daughter prince of wales as it were for final accord between him and lewelyn and his eme Ranulph earl of chestre/ johan king of jerusalem came in to England for succour of the holy land/ the lords of englonde granted king henry ●he wards of heirs and of her ●andes and that was beginning of moche harm in englond/ and son thereafter king henry took the fyftenth penny in all englond/ This year first come frere menours in to englond two year before saint Fraunceys death/ After honorius the ninth gregory was Pope fourten year/ this strengthened the sentence of cursing against Frederyk the Emperor/ Therefore the Emperor took many prelate's and two cardinals that we● to the counsel/ This Pope made brother Raymund to compyle five books of decretales that were gathered of many constitutions pystles and decretales/ Also in a time this Pope was besyeged of the emperor in the cyte of Rome/ & he see that the romayns had taken meed of themperour/ than he took in his hands the hedes of thappostles petir & paul/ & made a procession from seint johns church the lateran to seint Peter's church & so he awelded the hearts of the romamayns/ therefore themperour was afeard & went thence a far weigh/ Steven tharchebisshop died he quoted the bible at paris & marked the capytres/ & indited king rychardes life/ & left after him many good books that he had made/ the great deen of london mayst richard of wethershed was archebisshop after him/ also thi● year deid willian of alune a lettred man/ first he was chancellor & than bishop of paris/ & left after him many books that he had made de sacramentis Cur deus homo/ de fide et de legibus/ & de uniuso corporali & spunali/ gregory took the dyme ●f holy church/ while the Bishop o● london said his mass in saint paul's church fell so great thycknesse of clouds derknesse of the son/ with thundering & lightning and stench that no man might suffer/ so that the people went out of the church/ & left the bishop there with his servants aloone/ This year king henry granted englysshmen many Fredoms/ but he took of 'em the fifteenth deal of her goods/ & catail for to win lands beyond the see that the king of france had occupied in king henry's time/ & so he sailed over see with gret● strength & dyd● little prouffyte/ william de brews was blamed for lewillyns wyf prince of wales/ & prysoned and hanged/ therefore fell great stryf between the king and lew●lyn/ Ranulph earl of chestre. of lyncoln & of huntyngdon died at walyngford & was beryed at Chestre in the chapytre of monks with his for faders/ his sisters' son johan scot was earl after him/ This ranulph died without children/ & had four sustres/ the eldest of 'em mould was married to david an earl of scotland/ of him can john scot/ the second sister mablye was married to th'earl of arundel/ the thyrdde agnes to th'earl of derby william de Ferraus/ the fourth hawies was married to th'earl of wynchestre robert quynycy/ king henry made the hospytal of saint johan without east gate at oxenford & laid the first stone/ when rychard archebisshop of caunterbury was deed/ saint edmond of abendon was archebisshop after him that was at that time tresorer of salesbury. he died beyond the see the eighteenth year of his bisshoprych and was bury●d at pountney in burgoyn/ & the seventh year thereafter he was translated by favour of the fourth innocent the pope   

¶ Capitulum 35  
FRederik themperour wedded ysabel king henry's sust/ that year jews were brought before the king at westmestre/ for they had hid a child all a year at norwich/ & after that they had circumcyded him they cast for to nail him to the cross/ king henry wedded the earls daughter of province/ john scot earl of Chestre and of huntyngdon died without children at derēhal● the seventh day of juyn & was beryed at chestre/ but because that this lands had prerogatyves of realte/ his erldom fill in to the kings hand & his systres that were his heirs had other lands/ therefore in compensation by cause that so feyr a lordship should not be deled between dystanes of women/ this johan had four systres/ one of 'em margaret was wedded to aleyn of galwey and bore the maid devergoyl/ This maid was wedded to john bayllol/ & bore john baillol/ king of scotland/ the other sister Isabel was married to robert de bruys/ the third sister would died without children/ the fourth sister alda was married to henry de hastyngys'/ Also this year Octobonus the legate came in to englond/ & ordained many good ordinances for the prouffyte of holy church/ cs he passed through Oxenford was great fighting between the scholars and some of his main/ so that one of his men was slain/ & he himself octobonus was besyeged in the belfray at osenay till evensong time/ & might uneath be delivered by many of the kings mynystres that came thider from abyndon/ than he was brought at walyngford & cursed the mysdoers & suspended the study of oxenford till that the abbot & canons of osenay & maystres regentes of oxenford came barfote & bore legged and ungird through london to the legate and had forgiveness uneath/ that year a false clerk feigned himself mad/ & espied the privity of the kings court/ & came by a window in to the kings chambre at wodstock for to slay the king/ but by the cry of an holy woman he was taken & drawn at Coventre/ Edward king henry's elder son is born at westmynstre/ him christened octoban the legate and confirmed edmond archebisshop/ This year the kings of Tartres when th●y had overcome the eest lands they departed 'em in twey companies/ that one party thereof destroyed so hungary & pannonia that men of the country eat the flesh of their own children/ & many scraped of the powder of an hill and eat it as it were meal/ After the ninth gregory the fourth Celestinus was pope one month/ & the see was void one year/ And after him the fourth innocent was pope eleven year and six months/ Our saveours crown of thorns wa● brought in to France/ Octobonus went out of englond and was take in the see of the emperors men/ At Chestre king henry entered in to wales/ & david the prince came to him at ruthland/ that year died seint edmond at ponteny & bonefas was archebisshop after him/ this edmond was born at abendon besides oxenford/ & had an holy father & mother/ his father's name was edward rich by his surname/ by assent of his wife he lad religious life at eveshan/ his mothers name was mablye/ she used the here & an haberion/ & fought in her flesh against the fflesshe/ Edmond was born clean of all wem of childhood on saint edmondes day the king and martyr/ and lay all that day from the morrow tide to even as though he were a swoon/ So that they that were there would have buried him if his mother had not withsaid him/ he was cleped edmond that is gracious and clean/ for he was born on a saint edmondes day/ And also while his mother was with child with him/ she went a pilgrimage/ and bad her beads at saint edmondes tomb/ and there she was first ware that the child was alive/ ¶ From his first childhood this used his wit to the study of goodness by occupation of ghostly/ living/ For good usage and customme should afterward have the maystrye/ and void all wicked deeds/ though he were shining with all the flowers of virtues/ yet he chose the cleanness that maketh man be next god/ In token thereof he made his avow to our lady by his mothers counseyl/ he used the here and fasted every friday with breed and water/ and used every sunday and holy day to say all the sauter oer he would dine/ In his childhood he learned his grammar and was so dysesed with the heed ache that he had no hope to speed afterward in lore/ his mother spoke to him and said son I trow that the lewd and unseemly tonsour that thou usest is cause of thy woe/ Than afterward he used tonsoure of a clerk/ and was hool of all that woe/ In a time he walked by himself in a meed/ besides oxenford/ and a fair child appeared to him and said/ hail my leef/ I wonder that thou knowest me not. and namely while I am alway by thy side in school and in other places/ therefore what thou seest in my forheede written/ prente it every night in thine own forhede/ The writing was Jesus' Nazarenus Rex judeorum/ that is Ihus of Nazareth king of jews/ Thereafter he learned alway to have our lords passion in his mind/ One's for business of a lesson that he must rede he forgot it/ ¶ Thenne when the day byganne to spring the old enemy bond fast his hands/ by cause that he should not bless himself/ and he prayed in his heart/ and the enemy fell down from him between the bed and the wall/ and he conjured him by the shedding of god's blood that he should tell wherewith he might be most y chasted/ with that thou hast now nempned quoth the fiend/ Another time he had foryete to say this oryson/ O beata et intemerata/ And saint johan the ewangelyst appeared to him in his sleep/ and menaced him to smite with a pawmer And for holy wrytt saith that he that rectheth not of the small fallyth away little/ and little/ and he would every day shrive him and cleanse him of venyal sins/ by enticing of the old enemy his hosts daughter not only with signs and bekkes/ but also with words adventured her to tempt saint Edmond for to do amiss and would not cease/ ere she came to the holy man's chambre and was strypte and scourged and so she put of her utching and when the enemy might not speed by the wench he adventured by the wyf to assaylle him/ but edmond would not take her yefts without leave of the husband/ and put her of so ashamed/ and though he was not infra sacros/ he was a master of Art/ and used to here a mass/ and say his hours every day/ ere he would rede/ and was prouffytable to his scholars/ for he taught 'em here mass also/ when he took money of his scholars he laid it in a window and said powder to powder/ & ashes to ashes/ but the money was oft take away/ with his felaws in game other else privily with thieves/ when he radde arithmetryk/ his mother that was deed appeared to him in his sleep and asked of him & said what figures be these that thou studiest yune/ & he answerred such and such/ than she painted three cerkles in her right honde as though she would mean the father and son and holy ghost and said/ Son study thou in these figures after this time/ seld he sat in church but he bade his beads other standing other kneeling/ For he was a noble precheour/ a sharp arguer & a mild lyster. For he was avysed and took heed of falace/ and was waare and wise in assoiling of questions/ and did great prouffyte in redyng ¶ For greet abstinence his here fill aweye from his beard and heed/ so that his lips seemed clove/ he used alway great meet & left flesh on mondaye and wonesdaye/ and also in septuagesima that is all the lente from time that Alleluya is closed/ he would taste no Flesh the day before that he would sing his mass/ and so oft it happened that he eat no Flesh in a month all hoole/ he eat but seld twice a day/ he wrought not of lectuaryes and of medecyns/ For great kneeling his knees were hard as the sooles of his feet/ Every day he said three pair of matins and of hours of the day of our lady and of the holy ghost with Placebo and dirige A night after his first sleep he would advise and say certain prayers and psalms/ If any envious word. come in place/ he would not be in pleding of causes/ he would have men 〈◊〉 secular court with him to the meet/ For he would win hem 〈…〉 bless of heaven/ he would not visit his houses of offyce/ 〈◊〉 here acomptes of his mynystres/ he spent alway more ●han he had He challenged of his seruanntes' cleanness of body by covenant written/ So that if any of 'em fill in to lechery/ he should take his higher and take his leave/ and go his way/ Tethynges and offerings and redempcion of his sins/ he spent only in mild uses/ he had before him painted the image of our lady and all about him the passion of our lord/ And so the lesson come of the book/ and before the image he had his hedes/ and of either come great devotion/ the time of eting and sleeping and reading when he might not study he told it all lost/ As oft as he opened his bible/ he would worship it with a cross/ when the legacy of the cross was committed to him he took no procuratoryes that him were granted but against the usages of other such legates he travailed on his own cost/ he preached at oxenford at gloucestre/ at wyrcetre/ and Reyn. that fill on the people he made turn again with his prayers· It happened as he slept in his study that a candle fill down on his bible and brent/ but when he awoke he saw/ no brenning was seen/ Also with his pen he made three crosses on a kybe that he had/ & it vanished away/ his hairs that he wered were thrown in to the fire when they were old/ but they might not brenne and in the hairs that he wered might uneath any worm be found/ Sometime messengers were sent from Caunterbury to Salesbury For edmond tresorer of that place sholnde come and be Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ the deen of Salesbury spoke to hem and said you be welcome and evil come/ you be welcome for you do worship to our church/ but you be evil come/ for you take our treasure with the tresorer/ him shamed not to draw of his own hosen & shone/ Every man that he met in the way/ that would be shriven to hym· he would light down of his horse/ and here his shryfte/ & spare for no let of coming to his in/ nother for wind nother for rain/ ne for other weather/ he ferde as the olif tree that holdith to it self the bitterness in the rind and heldeth out toother the sweetness of the oil/ so he was hard to himself/ and easy and goodly to other men/ he beat his breast oft with his honde & his knees against the ground/ So that clerks that lay in seler● under him might uneath sleep For worship of our lady he worshipped all women/ but thereby he was never y wemmed/ but in a time one blamed him that was hoomely with him/ For a fair wyf that he would oft speak with/ And he answered and said/ Saw thou not how fair she was/ I know●●che/ she hath oft set by me/ but by her was I never more temp●ed/ that I was by the wall/ and yet more though all that I have trespaced in that manner sin were written in my forhede I sholnde not be ashamed/ he hated takers of yefts and said in Frensshe Entreprendre/ and prender is but one letter aloone/ At last by exyting of the devil king henry and the chapytre house of Caunterbury was rebel against him/ In that hurling he made it as though he knew it not/ and kissed hem and preserved him and died to hem all other homely deeds/ and when his friends said he was to mild/ and yafe ensample to other men for to arise in the same wise/ he answered and said the swelling of the see as milk/ we shall suck and eat wild honey in the wilderness of this world with johan baptist the forgoer of our lord/ the power of taking wretch moot be withhold only in gods hand/ I will not of other men's defaults gete me loenge and unprouffytable c●st & travail/ than he had prelate's together & asked how he might relieve holy church that was made subgette and thrall/ It was counseyled that the king and other men that were rebel should be warned/ and if they would not amend/ than the wretch of Censures of holy church/ should not sl●pe/ the holy man assenteth & & goth to the king/ the king axith advisement/ and he abideth but all for naught/ therefore the king was spared aloone and all other that were rebel were denounsed accursed/ but thereby would not the evil doers be amended/ Than him was liefer suffer the malice for a time than kith his might in plea and in stryf/ for be took heed that though he had done all that he might/ it might hap that the Pope's legate that was than in englond/ would undo all his sentence and deeds and so comfort the king to worse deeds/ but if the Archebisshop were present and corrected not her trespass and errors/ it might seem that he would allow his deeds by a manner feigned suffrance/ therefore him was liefer be absent for a time for to show there by the sorrow of his heart and that he was sore aggrieved with her malice/ than his last sickness byganne to wax grievous and strong/ and he went out of poyntney/ to soysy/ and he byhyght hem that he would come again on saint Edmondes' day/ when the sacrament of the auter was brought him he said thou art my lord/ the I have loved. in the I have trowed/ the I have preached/ the I have sought and none other/ Men tellyn that it goth in to the womb/ but I tell that it goth in to the soul and thought/ than he wesche the wounds of the image of the crucyfyx/ and kissed 'em full sweet/ and said/ you shall draw up water in joy of our saveours wells/   

¶ Capitulum 36  
AFter Celestinus the fourth innocencius was Pope eleven year and six months/ he put honest and noble persons in the cardinals seas that were void/ he made Cardynal Frere huge of the order of prechours that expowned all the bible and made great concordaunces upon the bible/ This Pope made a counsel at lugnum in France/. there he canonysed saint Edmond the Archebisshop the seventh year after his death/ And deemed that the rebel Emperor Frederyk should be deposed and set down/ At tholet in spain a jew digged in his orchard to make him a more vyneyerde/ there he found a stone hool and sound in every side/ In the myddel of that stone/ he found a book as great as a sauter with treenleves written in grue Hebrew and latyn/ & spoke of three worlds/ From adam to Antecryst and declared the proprete of men and set the beginning of the thirdde world in Cryst in this manner/ In the thyrdde world gods son shall be born of maid mary/ and he shall suffer death for salvation of mankind. the jew radde this/ and was crystned anon/ In englond was so great dearth that a busshel of Corn was sold for twelve schyllynges/ That year was saint edmond tranlasted/ and Frederyk the Emperor died accursed/ After him his son manifred assaylled the kingdom/ and the treasure of Scicile till that charles that was the kings brother of France prived him both of the kingdom and of his life/ when this Frederik was deed/ innocencius the Pope procured the chesers of th'empire for to cheese many/ and so were choose the duke of Turing and the Earl of Holande/ but they died soon/ and some cheese the kings brother of englonde Richard duke of Eornewayle/ This stryf dured well many years with well great cost/ a ver●yfiour divided the syllables of this name fredericus in this manner Fre fremit in mundo/ de deprimit alta profundo/ Res rimatur/ cus cuspyte cuncta minatur/ ¶ That year at london was made a solempnel procession toward crystes blood that the patryark of jerusalem had sent to king henry/ the thyrtenthe day of October Louis king of France went to the holy land and took damyeta/ but in the year after he was take of the sultan in a battle in the field/ and william longa spata was deed/ Longa spata is a long sword/ An honderd thousand and fifty thousand huerdes marked with the sign of the holy cross come to paris and destroyed hughely the university & slew many clerks/ King henry yaf to to his elder son Edward gascoyn/ I●lond wales and Chestreshyre/ ¶ That year for great hete the earth was so dry that it bore no fruit/ but in the end of harvest fell so great rain that the earth might not swolowe thereof came many meschyefs ¶ Also that year died saint Robert grosthed bishop of lyncoln the ninth day of october/ He was cunning in all the liberal arts and specially he expowned many things in in logic etyks & astrologye/ he sent to the fourth pope innocent a pistle sharp enough that beginneth in this manner/ Our lord Jesus' Cryste he sent that pistle by cause the Pope grieved the churches of englonde with taxes and payementis undue and uncustumable/ Also for he had yeven his little nephew a chanonrye with the first that voided in the church of lyncolne/ But this Robert would not receive the child but he written to the pope and said that he nother would nor should receive such to the cure of soul that couth not rule himself/ therefore this Robert was somned to the court and accursed/ Thenne from Innocents court he appealed to Crystes own throne/ Than after Robertus's death it happened on a night that the Pope lay in his bed and rest/ A bishop appeared to him arrayed as a bishop/ and spoke to the pope and said Arise wretch and come to the doom/ and smote him with his cross on the life side right to the h●rte/ than in the morrow the pope's bed was founden bloody and the pope deed/ Herfor though robert was a noble man and did often miracles/ the court suffered him not to be canonysed/ ¶ After innocentius the fourth alysaunder was Pope seven year and four months/ Pees is reform between king henry and l●welyn prince of wales at mount gomeryk in this form/ that lewelyn and his successors after that time should do homage to the kings of Englond/ And king henry took of him three thousand mark/ hereupon henry made his chartre confirmed by authority of the pope/ son thereafter fell so great hunger that a busshel of Corn was sold for syxtene schyllynges/ that time king henry made his four half brethren so rich that they despised other lords/ Therefore come to geders at oxenford at fist of the trinity Simon de montford/ earl of leycetre/ Richard declare/ earl of gloucetre and other lords and chose twelve peers/ and by counsel of hem these changed the kings mynystres and put these the kings four half brethren out of the land/ That deed was cause of the barons were/ king henry sayl●d in to France/ and made shamely accord with the king of France/ and foryafe him Normandy with other lands of beyond see/ so that him should leave hoole the land of gascoyn/ After Alysaunder the fourth urban was pope neygh four year/ This was first patriarch of jerusalem Than by help of 'em that had y take the sign of the cross he chas●d the host of Rome that manyfredus had put in saint Peter's land/ Also the pope yave the kingdom of Scicile to Charles that was the kings brother of France if he put thence manyfredus. and so it was done/ About that time at Teukesbury a jew fill in to a gonge on a saturday and would suffer no man to draw him up for the reverence of his holy day. But Richard of Clare earl of gloucetre would suffer no man to draw him up in the morrow on the sunday/ For reverence of his holy day/ And so the jew died/   

¶ Capitulum 37  
THis year fill stryf between the king and the lords of Englond for the king would not hold the ordinances/ that were ordained at parliament at oxenford/ About saint johns' f●ste the nativity the lords held in ward the bishop of herford the prior of wenlok and other prelate's that were alyenes'/ other that were next the king they chased out of Englond and occupied their goods and catayll/ therefore henry put the universyte out of oxenford/ At last the king and the barons put 'em self touching the articles in the ordinance of the king of France/ and he reproved these articules everichone/ but the lords of Englond forsook his unskylfull doom and stood forth as they had begined/ than lords that maintened these ordinances came to geders at lewys in southsex the/ xiv day of may/ and yaf a batayle and took king henry and his brother Richard duck of Cornewayle/ and edward king henry's elder son and many other great/ And so they compelled the king to hold these ordedenaunces that they had made and held edward eight months at herford in ward/ That time the province of Chestre was yeven to Simon of montford earl of leycetre in the trinity even/ The kings son Edward of herford escaped out of ward by help of Sir Rogyer mortymer/ for he had leave by cause of solace to prick a courser and so he escaped unto the hill Dunnemore/ there he saw this Rogyer mortymers banner displayed/ Hereafter about lammasse was an hard battle at Euesham between the king and the barons/ there by gyleful withdrawing of the Earl of gloucestre that held with Simon before/ This rightful Simon was deed/ and many other noble personne/ Of him great fame tellith that he died many miracles/ but they were not showed for dread of the king/ Thenne Symons knights held the Castel of kenelworth half a year against the host of all englonde/ After vrban the fourth Clement was Pope as it were four year/ After him the Popes see voided three year and twey months/ This Clement had first wyf and children/ and was afterward advocate and chief of Counseyls with the king of France/ when his wyf was deed he was made bishop of pew and than Archebisshop of narbon and than bishop of Sabyn/ & Cardynal and legate sent in to Englond/ there while he was absent he was choose Pope/ thereafter as men trowed with his mild living and holy beads he aqueynt many trybulations of holy church/ Also when Conradynus went in to Scicile to were against charles/ this pope told openly in a sermon. that conradinꝰ deed should come to naught/ That year about all halowen tide Octobon the legate came in to englond & ordained many things for the prouffyte of holy church/ By his counseylle king henry granted that they must raunsonne her lands that were dysheryted for the arising against the king out take the Earl of derby Robert de ferrer for it seemed that he had most grieved the king ¶ than the next year thereafter he grieved the king/ & was taken and diherited till he/ other his heirs/ other some who for him might pay on a day/ l/ M/ pound/ At London octobon the legate denounsed the londoners and the portnens accursed/ and said that they were accursed in pope Clement's counsel and he enterdyted 'em and forbade 'em the conpany of Crysten men/ Thenne he suspended the bishops of london and of Chycestre of her offyce till they were assoylled of the pope/ therefore the londonners besyeged octobon in the tour of london till many bishops armed had him aweye/ This octobon took dymes of holy church for three year while he was in englond and so he went hi● weigh and of a deacon Cardinal he was made Pope/ That year the sultan of Babylon destroyed ermonye and took antyo●he and slew the men that dwellid therinne and destroyed the noble cyte/ King henry say with his host without london at stratford till that peace was made between him and the barons/ Octobon went out of englond with huge treasure/ And edward the kings son and many other took the sign of the cross/ Pope Clement died/ And saint edward king and confessor is translated the fourth day of october in king henry's time/ And king henry had the twentyest penny of lewd men's catayl & the dymes of holy church for three year by assent of the Pope/ This year edward the kings elder son and his wyf/ went to the holy land/ After Clement the tenth gregory was pope four year/ the third year of his poperyche he made a counseyl at lugdnum for the profit of the holy land/ For he cast to wend thither in his own person/ In that counsel were messengers of the Tartres and of the greeks/ the greeks promised that they would come again to the unity of holy church/ there were six honderd bishops and a thousand prelate's/ therefore one said/ gregorius denus congregat omne genus/ he would by these versus mean that the tenth gregory gathered all manner men/ there was ordained that noble statute that never was herd afore that all personnes with cure should be preestes after that time/ And that after that time no man should have leave to assign his tethynges as he did before at his own will/ but all tething should be paid to the mother church/ ¶ Also this gregory charged holy church with dymes for six year/ he dampened pluralyte of benefices with cure/ Also he approved some states of the ordres of beggars as prechours & menours and some he suffered as Carmes and austyns/ and some he reproved as sacfreres/ that were called de penitencia/ and de valle viridi and other such ¶ Also this year died henry king of englond on saint edmondes day of Pontenay/ & men trowed that skylfully he ended his life in his day for he had travailed him wrongfully while he was alive/ he had reigned five an● fifty year/ Also this year died bonefas archbishop of caunterbury/ and the prior of Caunterbury was choose archebisshop/ but the pope forbade that election and made Archebisshop Frere Robert of kylwerby of the order of prechours & master of divinity/ ¶ Among his other noble writings he made noble writing upon precian/ and upon logic/ son hereafter Louis king of France and his twey sons the king of Navern and many prelate's went eft to the holy land/ But by greet sickness and euyll●. that was strong in the see costs of that land/ The Crysten host that was of two honderd thousand was disparpled and to shed/ for the pope's legate that was ruler of pylgryms in the holy land died and the king of France also/ This king while he say seek prayed busily in this manner/ Lord I pray that thou make us despise the wealth of this world and dread none of his meschyefs/ And for the people he prayed in this manner be thou lord to thine own people ha●ower and wardeyn And he put to at the end I shall entre in to thine house/ and I shall pray to thine holy temple/   

¶ Capitulum 38/  
EDward king henry's son came out of the holy land in to englond/ the second day of august/ & was crowned king the threttenth day before december. and the morrow after his coronation/ he took openly homage and fewte of alysaunder king of Scotland/ ¶ Thenne the second year he made laws/ After the tenth gregory the fift Innocent was Pope five months/ ¶ This height before Tarentasius of the order of prechours/ a doctor of divinity/ ¶ After him the fifth Adryan was Pope twey months/ Sometime this was sent of Pope Clement in to englond for to allege the stryf between the king and the barons/ After him the/ xxj john was pope eight months/ he height before peter/ & was famous in many & diverse sciences/ but after that h● was Pope he doted so that it seemed that him lacked a great deal of kindly wit netheles he advanced clerks oft in presence of many men/ this byhyght himself long life/ but he fell down suddenly of a new chamber that he had byld a● vit●rbe/ and died after the sixth day of the falling/ After john the thyrdde nychol was pope as it were three year/ ¶ This year for lewelyn prince of wales would not come to the kings parliament in to englond/ king edward went in to wales and founded the castle of the flynte and strengthened the canstel of Ruthland/ There lewelyn submytted him to the king and yaf him fifty thousand pound for the trespaas and for the island of mon a thousand mare by the year/ ¶ Pope nychol made f●rere Robert of Culwarbye archebisshop of Caunterbury Cardynal/ and made frere johan pecham Archebisshop in his stead/ King edward punished the jews and her assentours for clipping of money/ and for evil changes. So that he made all the jews to be taken in on● day and some he hinge & put away the other King edward and the lords made a statute against maynmort So that after that time no man should yeve nother sell nother byquethe nother change nother by other title assign lands tenements/ nother rents to no man of religion without the kings l●ne/ ¶ The king made smite in co●n new money/ halfpenny & ferdynges all round/ thereon it seemeth that marlyns prophecy is fulfilled that saith the haluendele shall be round/ After nychol the fourth honorius was Pope as it were seven year In his fourth year he changed the copes of Frere Carmes in to clean white that were to fore ray barred and bemed. The falls walshe david ro●s against king edward on a Palmsonday/ and died englysshe men great harm and damage/ But king Edward came about saint johans feste/ and wan wales and yaf towns and lands that were in the myddel of wales to lords of his land and held to himself the Castles/ that were on the see side/ Of that doing came great peace and rest after that time/ Hereafter about saint Luke'S feast lewelyns heed was smitten of and brought to the king and scent to london & son thereafter this lewelyns brother david was take that was exyter of all the woe/ In the great parliament at shrowsbury he was first dampened/ & than to draw with horses & than hanged by the throat and than quartered and deled in diverse places of englond Of this lewelyn twey men of religion wrote versus in metre/ of the walshmen in this manner/ Hic jacet Anglorum torture/ tutor venedorun/ Princeps wallorum lewelinus regula morum/ Gemma coevorun flos regum preteritorum/ Forma futurorum dux laus lex lux pplorum/ that is here lieth the tormentor of englissh men wardeyn & Tutor of walsshemen/ prince of wallsshmen/ lewelyn ruler of good thews/ Chief precious stone of 'em that were in his time flower of kings that were before/ Ensample of 'em that shall be after this time/ leder praising law and light of people/ But the englysshmen said in this manner/ Hic jacet errox prynceps predo virorum/ proditor anglorum/ fax liuid●/ secta reorum/ Numen wallorum/ trux dux homicida piorum/ F●x troianorum stirp● mendax causa malorum/ That is here lieth the prince of errors Thief and robber of men/ Traitor of englisshmen/ a dim brand and set of evil doers/ God of walsshmen a cruel duke/ a slee● of good men/ Drastes of Trojans/ a false rote cause of evil de●es  
King Edward made englisshe laws to be held in 〈…〉 set shirreves there/ ¶ King Edward hath a son born at Carnarvan in wales on a tuesdaye/ ¶ After the fourth honorius/ the fourth nycol of the order of menors was ●ope as 〈◊〉 were six year/ ¶ That year johan Peccham the Archebisshop came by chestre in to wales to reform the state of holy chirche That year was so great drought and hete that men died for 〈◊〉 Also that year was merchandise brent at saint botulphs by 〈◊〉 devils children/ that set fire in divers places of the t●une/ for they would the more freely Rob and reve in other places/ 〈◊〉 said that uneath all the money of englond should restore t●e harm that was there done/ For streams of gold of silver and of other metal that was melted ran unto the see/ That year a bushel of wheat was sold for four pens/ on saint margret's 〈◊〉 fill tempest of rein/ of thundering & of lightning so that m●n 〈◊〉 heard of none such before that time/ for it bete down & drowned corn and grass that stood on the grounde· & so corn waxed der●rer & derrer/ so that at london a busshel was sold for twey s●yllynges that was afore sold for three pens/ & so dearth of corn doored about a forty year unto the death of king edward the second after the Conquest/ so that time at london a bushel was sold fo● x/ shyllynges/ About this year by heeste of pope nychol the churches of englond were taxed to the very value/ & sith voided the taxation of norwiche that was made by the fourth Innocencius/ the jews were put out of englond & came never again/ after the fourth nychol the fifth celestinus was taken from anchors life & was pope few years as it were three year/ Somdele for strife that was in the court/ somdele by counsel of his successor bonefas he was meved and resygned up the poperyche and took again his rather manner of living/ ¶ Also that year died alysander king of Scotland/ Than was there great stryf between the Scots/ who should be king after him/   

¶ Capitulum 39  
AFter the death of alysaunder king of Scotlamnd that died without children great stryf was moeved who should be king of Scotland after him/ & for many challenged that kingdom by cause of nigh kindred & of blood and that might not be determined all full without the presence of the chief lord/ Than it was found by writing autentyk and old that the king of englond is chief lord of scotland/ and that he should know and dame in such a manner caas/ and for that it should be known after his time/ This year king edward made search all thabbeys of Englond of Scotland and of wales for to wit and know what right he had in that manner deed/ Than in the cronykes of maryan the scotte/ of william of malmesbury/ of Rogyer of huntyngdon & of raph le bruys it was found that in the year of our lord nine honderd and ten king edward the elder made subgette the kings of scotland and of Cumbres/ Also in the same chronics it was found that in the year of our lord nine/ C/ and one and twenty these foresaid men scots and Cumbres cheese the foresaid edward the elder to be her lord and her patron/ Also there it was found that the year of our lord nine honderd and six and twenty Adelstan king of englond overcome Constantyn king of scotland and suffered him eft to regne under him Also Adelstans' brother Edredus king of englond overcome the scots & the northumbres/ & they submytted 'em self to hem and sworn him feute/ Also there it was found that edward king of englond overcome alpinus son kynadius king of scots that sworn him feute/ Also there it was found that canutus king of englond & of denmarche the year of his kingdom xuj overcome malcolin king of scotland & thereafter he was king of four kingdoms of englond of scotland of denmarche and of norwey/ Also there it was found that saint edward yaf the kingdom of scotland to malcolyn that was the kings son of cumbres to hold of him Also willian bastard the syxt year of his kingdom overcome malcolyn king of scotland & took of him an oath of homage & feute/ also willian the rede did in the same wise as his father had done to m●lcolyn king of Sco●land and to mal●olyns twey sons that reigned on● after other/ Also Alysander was his brother's successor edgar in the royam of scotland by assent of king henry the first/ Also david king of scotland did homage to king steuen/ Also william king of scotland did homage to the thyrdde henry/ the second henry's son in his coronation/ And also to henry the father in his twentyest year of his kingdom/ as it is written in a covenant that was written between 'em twain/ Also rogyer of huntyngdon saith/ that william king of scoland came to his lord king henry in normandy/ & did homage also to king rychard/ & to king john at lyncolne/ Also on saint albons cronykes it is found that alisander king of scotland wedded margaret king henry's daughter at york & did him homage the year of king henry xxxv/ the same is found in the kings charters of scotland/ also in the pope's bulls that were sent in to scotland it is found that the kings of scotland were acursid for they would not be buxom & be obedient to her lords kings of englond/ than came to geders at norham in thends of englond toward scotland the king of englond with his wise men/ & the king of scotland with the redyest men & worthiest that he had/ there the king of englond axed first that the scots should pesybly assent 〈◊〉 is ordinance/ touching the king of scotland/ namely for it longed to him by cause by his chief lordship/ the scots said that they knew none such soveraynte that longed to the king of englond/ & said that they might not answer to such things without an heed & a king to whom it longeth to here such tretynges/ & that they should yeve none other answer at that time for her oath that they had made each to other after king alysanders death/ the which oath they must bold upon peyn of cursing/ than king edward took advisement & made his lettres patent to the scots & knowleched that the coming of the scots in to englond a this half the water twede should not eftsoons be to him prejudice of coming eft in to englond hereafter the greatest of scotlond & of englond that chalengid right of the succession in the kingdom of scotland knowleched/ & granted by their lettres patent that they would with good will receive right before this king/ as before the chief lord/ & they would hold farm & stable all that he would ordain in this foresaid deed/ but for it seemed wise men at that time that king edward might yeve no right of succession in the kingdom to no man but if he had erst right and possession in the kingdom of scotland/ Therefore in the kings side of englond surety was made to the scots that the kingdom should be restored within twey months to him that had right thereto upon peyn of an honderd thousand pound sterlyngiss that should be paid at Rome in help of the holy land And also upon pain of cursing and interditing of the king and of the Royamme of englond if he would not restore the kyngedom as it is said/ And so the scots with her charters yafe & bytoke to king edward the kingdom of Scotlond/ with Castles with right with custommes and usages/ & set wardeynes that should save to him that had right all the advantage & profit of the land in the mean time/ when this was done after long plea and disputation in either side of 'em that challenged that kingdom the king of englond took heed of the strength of the reasons and evidences in either side and yaf the doom for johan de baillol/ & john knowleched that the king of englond is chief lord of Scotland· and died him homage and sworn him fewte/ This year died Frere johan pecham archebisshop of Caunterbury/ ¶ Master Robert of wynchestre was archbishop after him/ also that year madoc a walshmen rered war in wales on a mychelmesse day/ therefore king edward came to Chestre about saint nycolans feste/ and took the isle of mon that is called Anglesia in latyn and builded new the cyte and castle de beel marys/ That time the woods in wales were hewn down that were great succour to men of the contrary to hide 'em self in war time/ & strong castles were made in divers places by the see side/ And son hereafter this madoc was taken and brought to london/ After that time were cessed in wales and walsshmen lived as englysshe men and gathered treasure and dread lost of catayl/ that time king edward made search all the abbeys of Englond & bring to london all the money that was yfound/ Also he made arrest all the wools and fells/ & thereafter fill a great derthe of Corn and of win   

¶ Capitulum 40  
AFter the fifth Celestinus the eight bonefas was Pope eleven year/ This pope's first year was a year of grace/ that year he granted large & great pardon to pilgrims that would come to Rome and visit the Apostles Peter and paul/ He made the sixth book of decretales therein he determined many great doubts/ he encorpored many great constitutions extravagant/ as the Constitution of honorius of adrian/ of innocencius of clement and of other pope's/ and died away all that was wrongful A constitution that is not put/ in the course of law is cleped a constitution extravagant/ This beguiled his predecessor Celestinus & made him to resygne up the poperyche and torn eft to anchors life/ men sayn that therefore celestinus prophesied of him in this manner/ thou come up as a fox/ thou shalt regne as a lion/ and die as an hound/ for he made pope Celestinus make a constitution that he & every pope might freely resygne up the poperyche/ & when he was pope he revoked the same constitution/ ¶ than he ruled strongly & set down some cardinals & some gentlemen de columpna/ and withstood the king of France in many points & not only that but h● founded with all his might to set down the king of France/ therefore the stuward of france william de longaret a wise man and f●r casting/ and the foresaid brethren de columpna conspired to geders·s And took pope bonefas and se●t him upon a wild horse without brydel and turned his face toward the tail and made him prick so about to the last breath & slew him so with prycking & with hunger/ john de baylloll that was made king of Scotland aroos against the king of englond & against his own oath/ and that by counsel of some men of Scotl●nd & namely of the abbot of menros/ But johan was take and dissheryted/ ¶ Thenne the year after willian waleys of the nation of Scots arrayed were against king edward/ but he was chased the second year after ¶ king edward slay/ lx/ M/ Scots at fouchirch on a marry maudelyn day but the Scots waxed stronger & stronger/ thirty/ year to geders unto king Edward'S time/ the third after the conquest/ & beat down englysshemen often and englysshe places that were nigh to her marches/ Somme said that that mishap fill for softness of englyssh men/ and some said that it was gods own wrech as the prophecy said that englysshe men should be destroyed by danes/ by Frensshe men & by scots/ as it is touched in the end of the first book/ The king made seyse in to his hand all the temporalyte of clerks & put 'em out of his protection for they would not reward him of her catail the year before aienst the scots for by assent of the clergy robert tharchebisshop had purchased an inhibition of the pope that no clerk should reward the king of holy church goods/ but many clerks purchased for dread the kings protection without the counseyl of the lords/ king edward with little serengthe of englysshe men/ and walsshmen sailed in to flaundres as it were against the king of France/ It was a common saw that king edward loved so blanch the kings daughter of France/ that he would gladly yield up gascoyn to the king of France for his daughter blanch/ but for Edward was old and blanch was a young wench/ king edward wedded margaret the kings sister of France/ and gate on her twey sons thomas and Edmonde/ king edward dampened sodanly falls money that was slightly brought up/ Men clepin that money pollardes'/ Crokardes/ and Rosoryes and were put forth little and little & privily in stead of shyllynges/ first he made one of 'em worth an halfpenny/ and than he forbade 'em about/ Also this year edmond earl of Cornewayle died without children/ This edmond was the son of Richard earl of Cornewayle/ and king of almaigne and so that erldome fill again to the crown/ This year was a year of grace/ in the which went many pylgryms to Rome/ king edward yaf his son edward the pryncypate of wales and the Erldome of Chestre/ At london william waleys leeder of scots was hanged and drawn/ his heed was smitten of and set upon the bridge of london all men to behold that there would passe· His body was quartered and sent in to diverse places of englond/ this year king edwarde sent to pope bonefas lettres to declare the right and the lordship that England hath over the Royamme and kings of v/ For Robert le bruys had pleyned to the Pope that king edward grieved wrongfully the Royamme of Scotland Therefore the pope written to the king of englond that he should leave of such grieving/ but he might show clearly his right/ After the eight bonefas the eleventh benette of the order of prechours was pope not fully one year/ Of him one said in this manner/ A re nomen habe benedic benefac benedicite/ Aut rem pervert maledic/ malefac maledicite/ that is/ have thy name of thy deed/ say well/ do well blessed. Other torn the deed/ say evil/ do evil accursed/ he saith thus for benet is benedictus in latyn blessed in englysshe/ After benet the fift Clement was Pope as it were twelve year/ he travailed about byldynge of Castles and gathering of treasure/ he dampened thordre of Templars/ & ordained the seventh book of decretales that hyghte Clementynes/ And soon thereafter in a counseyl that he made at vyen/ he revoked the same book/ but his successor the two and twentyest pope john renewed eft that book/ and published it and put it to the course of law canon/ ¶ This Clement was the first that changed the pope's see from Rome to Avignon/ Men wondren of that deed whether it were done by god's ordinance/ other by man's foul hardiness ¶ Also that year king edward made hard inquisition against evil doers and against hem that trespassed against the crown/ that manner inquisition height traylbaston/ Robert de bruys took wronfully the kingdom of scotland/ and about Easter he slow johan le common at dunfre in the church of frere menours/ for he would not assent to him in that treason/ but the king of Englond came and chasid this Robert and benge the sleers of this johan ¶ That year king Edward died at Carleel and made piers of ganeston that was privy with his son forswear the land of Englond   

¶ Capitulum 41  
King edward died on saint thomas day the translation be sides Carleel at burgh upon the Sound/ the year of his kingdom five and thyrtty ¶ Robert Archebisshop of caunterbury was exiled and he saw his death in his sleep at Rome/ After the first edward his son was king the second Edward after the conquest/ Anon he had home again his leef pyers of Ganeston and yaf him the ducherye of Cornewayle/ and made him wardeyn of englond while he was about his own marriage by yond the see at boloyn/ he wedded ysabel the only daughter of phelyp king of France/ And came thence again/ and was crowned king at westmynstre the sondaye in quinquagesima/ that is the day a fourtenyght after that alleluya is closed/ He was crowned of the bishop of wynchestre/ by authority of pope Clement/ For Robert Archebisshop of Caunterbury was at that time at Rome exiled out of englond/ This edward was fair of body and great of strength and unstydfast of manners and of thews/ if men shall trow the common tale/ For he forsook the company of lords and drew him to harlots/ To syngars/ to gestours/ to carters/ to deluers'/ and to dykers/ to rowers boat men/ and ship men/ and to other crafts/ and yaf him to great drinking/ he would lightly tell out privy counsel and smite men that were about him for well light trespaas/ And died more by other men's counsel than by his own/ He was to large of yefts and solempnel in making of festes Ready to speak and varyaunt of deeds/ unhappy against his enemies/ and cruel to his main/ and loved strongly one of his whistrers and died him great reverence & worship/ and made him great and rich/ Of this doing fill vylony to the lovyer/ evil speech and backbiting to the leef/ sklaundre to the people/ harm and damage to the Royamme/ he advanced to states of holy church/ hem that were unable and unworthy that was afterward a stake in his eye and a spear in his side/ In his time was so great dearth of wheat/ and continual moreyn of beestes that none such was seen before that time/ Than were dymes alway gathered and contributions paid/ Spirituale and temporale was alway pilled and by sufferance of the pope and by colour to wythstonde the scots/ moche good fill to the kings encheytes but by the kings outrage all was wasted and spent in ydel/ but in one point this king happened well that wales was never rebel against him/ In other sides him myshapped alway/ In his beginning he loved Piers of ganeston and had before forswore his company at his faders heeste/ but he sent after him again from beyond the see by cause of him/ he was reckless of ysabel the queen/ and wrought not of the lords of the land/ therefore the lords had indignation and put out this Peers over see in to yrlond/ there the kings treasure was rabbyshly wasted and spent/ yet for hope of more peace Pyers was brought again/ but the kings treasure was wasted and spent as it was before. and the lords aroos and put pyers from the king and took his horses and iis treasure in northumberlond and chased pyers/ and besyeged him in the Castel of scardburgh and took him/ and smote of his heed at gaveressyche be sides warwyck/ but when pyers was deed/ yet the king used his old manners and drew to other men/ therefore Robert archebisshop of Caunterbury made a solemynel counsel of the province/ there were ordained many noble statutes in help of the Royamme/ the king was sworn to hold these ordinances/ And Robert the Archebisshop yave his blessing to all that would hem hold and his curse that would 'em break/ But than as alweye the king drew to his fautors and died not as he had promised/ therefore was great speech among the comyns and grutching among the great against the king/ ¶ And hem that were nigh the king/ ¶ And specially Robert the Archebisshop. and thomas earl of lancastre by comfort of this Robert fonded with him many year to wythstonde the kings nycete till that he yield up the breath in that stryf at the last end/ By ●ordes against the kings will pyers of ganeston was exiled in to Irlond/ and the year after about the nativity of our lady 〈◊〉 was sent after again and the king came against him at ch●●tre/ But about midwinter Pyers was exiled in to Flaundres & about Candelmasse scent after again against her will The king was with him a while & left him in the castle of scardburgh/ there lords besyeged him/ & took him/ & brought him to dadynton & slew him besides warwick. ¶ Pyers was heeded a● gan●ressiche upon the day of saint Gernacius & Prothacius And the same year on on saint brices day the kings elder son the third edward after the conquest was born at windesore/ Tharchebisshop of winchestre deide & master thomas of Cob●● was choose awel noble clerk/ by Instance of the king he was put of and translated to wyrceire and waltre Reynald the kings tresorer was made Archebisshop ¶ & son thereafter the king went in to Scotland with great boost and great array and 〈…〉 he and his were shamely overcome on a saint Io●ans day/ Gentlemen were slain and taken/ and treasure lost/ Somme threw away her weepen and took succour only by flight/ Hereafter twelve year contynuelly while this king reigned the north countries of englond were destroyed by the scots/ edward le bruys Robert le bruys brother went in to Irlonde for to win that londe· but the fourth year thereafter he was slain/ on a saint Calyxtes day/ ¶ Also this year about mychelmasse a knight of lancastreshyre moved were against his own lord Thomas earl of lancastre/ but about martynmesse he was t●ken and beded   

¶ Capitulum 42  
AFter the fourth clement the two and twentyest johan was pope about an eighteen year/ He renewyd the seven books of decretales & advanced clerks and ordained general studies lore of three languages of Hebrew/ grue· and latyn/ And first because that it should seem that he hated taking of yefts/ he dampened pluralyte of benefices/ So that every creatuure should hold him appayd with one benefice with cure/ and this pope should have the fruits of the other benefices that voided long time of years ¶ Also he reserved to himself the first benefice that voided by death resignation other by translation/ So that the person that were institute should cheese whether he would have the tax of the benefice other the overpluys/ by that cautel come huge treasure to the pope's hand/ ¶ But the duke of bavaria/ that cleped himself emperor warrayed oft against him and bore him down alway/ ¶ Also this year was greet death of men and of beestes and greet falling of rain in summer and in harvest/ thereof came great dearth of Corn● so that a quarter wheat was sold for forty shillyngys'/ ¶ A writer that hyghte john had a cat that was homely with him about pentecost at oxenford/ this john said openly that he was heir of englond Therefore at northampton before the king and lords he was proved falls/ and hanged and drawn/ ¶ That year twey cardinals come in to englond and cursed Robert le bruys and his fautors/ and enterdyted scotland/ king edward favoured the twey spensers hugh the father and hugh the son against the will of lords/ therefore thomas earl of lancastre and many other withdrew so the kings strength/ So that they made 'em a colour as it were by assent of the king and exiled these spensers and threw down her castles in wales/ they lad away the beestes and gathered treasure and occupied gloucestre in the winter time/ and son thereafter without counsel of other men the king sent again for either huge/ than wretch and stryf increased from day to day/ Among all this twey lords de mortime took hastily cities in the march ere the earl of lancastre might be ready/ and pursued the kings knights till that the king come about by shrowesbury upon 'em with a great multitude of foot men/ there for defaute of money/ and by cause that th'earl of lancastre was to long behind/ the knights went away/ and the two mortyners must needs yield 'em and so they died and were prysoned at london/ than the king went to Gloucestre/ and had with him thence either spenser/ Than he went to lyche felled about saint Chedde day for to take the earls of lancastre and of and her fautors that were at Tutbury and at burton but while the king passed the waterr out of the toun at afford/ the earl of lancastre and his men fled out of the town of burton to the Cyte of burghbrydge/ there came andrew of herkeley in the kings side and slew the Earl of herford right upon the bridge the syxtenth day before apryll and took the earl of lancastre & many other noble men/ the most deal of hem were in divers places hanged by the throat/ but the Earl was byheded at his own Castel of Pounfret/ the tenth day before Apryl· Of this Earl and of his deeds it is oft great strife among the common people/ whether he should be acounced among saints or no/ Somme said yes for he died many alms deeds and worshipped men of religion and mayntened a true quarrel as it seemed to his lives end/ Also his enemies dured afterward but a while and deyde in shameful death/ Other sayn the contrary and tellyn that he was an husband man/ and wrought not of his wyf and defouled a great multitude of gentle women and wenches/ if any man offended him a little he let him slay anon/ Apostatas and evil doers he favoured strongly for they should not be punished by the lawe· Also he would commit all his doings to one of his secretaryes to do with as he would/ ¶ Also that be fled shamely in time of fighting for the right unto the death/ and such one should not be accounted a saint namely while le was take and slain maugre his trethe/ But offerings and likynes of miracles that been now done in the place there he was by●●d●d what issue they shall take it shall be known after this time/ From that time to the syx●h year after the fortune of the spencers began to increase/ and the condition of the queen drough toward servage till that the king of France pursued hugely the king of Englond/ for homage of Gascoigne was not done/ ¶ About the Ascension of our lord the king held a parliament at yorke/ there he made hugh the spenser the elder/ earl of wynchestre and Andrew of harkley earl of Carleell/ The same year about Lammasse the king went in to Scotlond And though he had none withstanding/ yet he lost many men with sickness and with hunger/ ¶ About the nativity of our lady the king came homeward again. and the scots come after him and took the castle norham and afterward about saint Luke'S tide at the abbey of bella lauda upon blakhammor/ they had nigh take the king at meet if he had not fled/ but they took the Earl of Rychemond/ and the kings treasure was lost/ th● same year the morrow after saint chaddes day Andrew of harkeley was taken at Carleel/ as a traitor hanged and drawn and heded and his bowels brent and quartered and his heed set●e upon london brygge/ ¶ At lammasse Rogyer mortime the younger/ that was in prisonne escaped out of the tour of london by a sleeping drink that his wardeynes had drunk/ About mydlente for to make peace the queen of englond was sent to her brother king of France/ that had assaylled a great deal of gaskoyn/ ¶ About the nativity of our lady the king sent his son edward in to France for to do the king of France homage for the ducherye of guyan that was yeven him/ and the king of France made him abide with his mother in the count of Pontyeu/ the mother and the son dwelled so by yond see/ and would not come again other dared not for dread of the spensers/ ¶ Thenne the king of englond by counsel of the twey spensers outlawed and banished his wyf and his son openly at london in cheap as traitors of the Royamme/   

¶ Capitulum 43/  
THis year about mychelmasse the Queen of englond & her son edward and Rogyer mortymer that escaped out of the tower of london came in to englond with little strength of Henewers and londed in estsex and went toward london/ there the king was that time/ and wonder it was that the land was still all about without noise and shedding of blood/ And the king fled out of london in to west wales and they followed him easily a foot pas/ That time the morrow after of saint Calyxtes day by counseylle of the bourgeys of london the kings tresorer bishop of excetre was heded without the north door of saint Paul'S church/ And in the morrow the tour of london was take by bourgeys of london in help of the queen and of her son/ son thereafter on saint Symons even and Jude the queen and her men took the castle of Brystow/ there hugh the spenser the elder was hanged and drawn and his heed sent to wynchestre/ The same year on saint hugh's day the earl of Arundel was take in· the countray of shrowesbury/ but he was heded at Herford The same week the king of englond was take in the Castel of neth in west wales/ & put in ward in the castle of kenelworth ¶ Hugh the spencer the younger was take with the king and drawn/ at herford byheded and quartered/ & his heed was sent to london bridge Also that year in the octaves of twelve day was made a parliament at london/ there by common ordinance were solemn messengers sent to the king that was in prysonne/ Three bishops/ Three Earls/ Twey Baron's/ twey abbots/ Twey justyces for to resygne to the king that was than in ward the homage that was made to him sometime/ For they would no longer have him for their lord/ One of 'em sire william trussel/ knight and procurator of all the parliament spoke to the king in name of all the other and said these words/ ¶ I william trussel in name of all men of the land of englond and of all the parliament procurator/ I resygne to the edwarde the homage that was made to the sometime/ And from this time forthward I dyffye thee/ and prive the of all Ryall power/ and I shall never be tendaunt to the as for king after this time/ Also this was openly cried at london/ The same year on Candelmasse even/ edward the kings son was made knight/   

¶ Capitulum 44  
Edwardes' son the third edward after the Conquest a young child of fifteen year old underward yet living his father was crowned king at westmynstre on a Candelmasse day/  
¶ In his beginning come forth gracious haps and fortune/ ¶ Thenne the earth took plente/ the eyer temprure/ the see quiet and pe●s and holy church fredome· The thyrdde day of Apryl the old king was brought out of the Castel of kenelworth to the castle of barkley/ theridamas many men conspired for to help for his deliverance/ but he died about the feast of saint matthew the ewangelyste/ Of his living and of his deeds/ it is yet stryf among the people/ as was sometime of thomas of lancastre whether he should be accounted among saints or no/ For nother prysonement nother persecution/ and griefs proveth a man a saint/ but the holiness of the rather life accord thereto/ For such been indifferent to good and to evil/ For ever sinful man it is a fair grace of such pains with contrition done away his sins & lassen his pains in purgatory/ though they make him not flee anon to heaven without any pain of purgatory/ but presumption and pride of evil men and sinful trusteth and hopeth an ydel that they and other such should have no pain in purgatory/ Also liking and will that wives have to wend about make tidings spring and spread hugely of such worshipping till the building upon such unsyker ground begin to slide/ At the parliament of wynchestre Edmond of wodestok was heded for he had conspired against the king as it was said/ ¶ The foresaid Edmond was the kings eme and earl of kent/ the syxtenth day before juyn this third king edward after the Conquest had his elder son edward born of his wyf the queen the earls daughter of henaud/ ¶ Also that year on the morrow after saint Luke'S day/ Rogyer mortime that made men clepe him earl of the march was taken at notyngham and scent to london/ And there by doom of the parliament he was hanged and drawn on saint Andrews even/ ¶ About lammasse Edward de bayllol that was sometime king of Scotland entered in to scotland for to recover his kingdom with little strength of englysshe men uneath two thousand and slew syxty thousand of scots at gledesmore/ The king of Englond ●ome for helmpe of the king of scotland and besyeged Barwyck/ the twellyfth day of juyll ¶ William de reth a scottiss●e knight promised th● king that he would at a certain day bring the host of scots to fight with him and to remove the siege/ And but if he so died he would yield to the king the Cyte of berwyk/ In the mean time the Scots brent in northumberlond as traitors should/ and besyeged the Castel of banburgh/ therein say the queen of englond if they might in that wise br●ke the siege of barwyk/ ¶ Thenne at the day that was set the seventeenth day before lammasse anon at full see/ the Scots came against englysshmen in three bataylles all a foot and ungyrd in a place fast by barwyk that is called bothhull besides Halydon ¶ Englysshe Archers bete down the Scots and horsemen pursued 'em and chased 'em till it was night/ So that there were deed of Scots eight earls/ a thousand and three honhonderd horsemen and of other men five and thyrtty thousand/ when this was seen barwyk was yolden up to the king of englond/ ¶ And wonder it is to tell/ there were none deed of the Englysshe men's sides/ but a knight and a squire and twelve foot men/ In the feeste of geruasius and prothasius/ Edward le bayllol very king of Scotland died homage for the Royamme of Scotland to edward king of Englond at the Castel upon Tyne in presence of three bishops/ of earls/ of Barons and of great multitude of people/ And soon thereafter the Scots were rebel ¶ Therefore in a cold winter the king of England went in galweye and destroyed the Countraye unto the scottisshe See/ and repaired the Castel of Rokesburgh/ and there he socoured him and his men all the winter time/ The two and twentyest pope johan died in the advente of our lord/ And anon in the same week the twelueste Benet was made pope/ That was fyrse monk/ and then Abbot of white monks/ and then bishop in his own dyosyce/ and than Cardynal/ and at last pope/ ¶ Anon he made Constitutions to religious men of diverse ordres touching her Rules and her ordres/ ¶ About on saint Gregoryes day in the lente king Edward in full parliament at London made a Ducherye of the erldome of Cornewayle/ and yafe it to his elder son Edward/ and the Erldome of Chestre yet thereto ¶ Also there he ordained five Earls/ One to Derby/ another to northampton/ the thyrdde to huntyngdon. the fourth to Salesbury/ and the fifth to gloucestre/ ¶ great stryf fill between the kings of Englond and of France/ For the king of France bade wrongfully in gaskoyne many lands and towns Therefore the king of Englond proffered the king of France many fair proferes and meek/ for he would have his lands again/ but all for naught/ Than the king gathered money in every side/ and arrayed him to pass the see/ And about saint margarets day king edward passed in to flaundres & went thence to Coloyn/ there he socyed to him the Emperor benarrus the brabans & the flemyngys'/ & by counsel of hem he meddled the arms of france among his own arms & brent & destroyed the north countrayes of france unto tourney/ About Candelmasse king edward came in to Englond again/ His wife & his children that he had gete in that side/ he left hem at andwerp in braband as it were for surety of his coming again/ & he made a parliament at london & ordained for the needs & chargid englisshmen with tribute of the fifth part of her good and catayll and all man's wool/ And the ninth scheef of every glebe of englond/ he ordeygned for his own journeys/ and made lords of the next towns about answer him of the prouffyte that come thereof/ Also this year was so great scarsyte of money/ and plente of other things that men sold a quarter wheat at london for twey schyllynges/ And a fat ox for an half mark/  
King Edward token the see toward Flaundres with two honderd ships on saint johans' baptiste even/ But by the coost of Flaundres he met the great navey of France strongly arrayed Therefore all that day he avysed him and his men what were best to rede/ And in the morrow him came to help a noble knight Robert of moreleye with the north navey of englond/ There was a strong battle/ in the See/ such a battle was never seen in the Costs of Englond/ There by God's help and favour/ Frensshe men & normans were sharply shoten/ Some slain with strokes/ somme/ drowned by her own good will and some were take and her ships also/ out take few that fled away as fast as they might/ ¶ Thenne the King of Englond came in to Flaundres and had a great host and destroyed the northsyde of france/ And besyeged the strong Cyte of tourneye somewhat of time/ But at last for default of money that his slow procurators sent him not out of England trewes were take between the kings in either side/ and so either went his way/ king edward with his navy went in to little Brytayne/ There he lost many of his men by unholsomme meet and drink/ ¶ But twey cardinals were sent by the pope and made trues to be take between the kings for three year in the which time the right that the king of England challenged in the Royamme of France might be declared atte full/ In his coming again out of Brytayne/ king edward had great dysese by tempest of the see/ ¶ And men said that the king of France's reygromancers had made that tempest/ ¶ Pope Benette deyde/ And the Archebisshop of Rome was Pope after him/ and was cleped the syxt clement a man of great Clergy/ but a great wastour/ and spender/ so that he yaf his cardinals dignitees of holy church that voided in englond/ & fonded to put therefore other titles in englonde/ Therefore the king of englond was wroth/ and the year of our lord a/ M three honderd/ & four & forty/ The king fordyde the provysyons that the pope had granted/ and bad that no man should after that time bring such provisions upon pain of prisonnement and of losing of his heed/ ¶ In the feast of the translation of saint thomas of Caunterbury king Edward took the See unwytting all his men whether he would wend/ But by leading of a knight of Harecourt/ that was sometime outlawed out of France the king londed at hogs bysydes the river of seyn in the south side of normandy/ And spoylled Cadony and other cities and so his men were made full rich/ But the king of France had broken the bridges of Rivers in every side/ For the hosts should not come to geders and fight There for king Edward rood in normandye and took prays in every side/ ¶ On saint Rufus day the martyr that is on saint Austyn the dectours even that is the seven and twentyest day of lammasse month/ at Cressy in pycardy king Edward gloriously overcome the king of Fraunce· & chased him/ & slew twey kings of boheme & of mayorck the duke of lothering Twey Bishops/ eight earls/ many noble lords/ two thousand knights/ And other men without number/ and chased the people that fl●dde away alive/ ¶ There phelyp king of France was wounded in the thyghe. and in the throat/ and twice unhorsed of the king of Englond as it was said/ and escaped aweye uneath/ ¶ Thereafter the king of Englond besyeged Caleys twelve months and more/ For Caleys was sometime great enemy to englysshe men/ ¶ That year in the morrow after mychelmasse day in monte tumba that is the seventeenth day of Octobre englyssh men and specially of the dyosyce of york seculeres and rugulers bete down the Scots that were come by enticing of the king of France unto Durham/ There david be bruys king of Scotland william douglas and other great lords were take/ and the other were deed and chased ¶ About saint bartholomeus feast Phelyp king of France that had arrayed him as it were for to fight/ and namely for to break the siege of Caleys he fled away privily in the dawning/ and left there his tents and a greet deal of vytayls therein/ the men of Caleys see that and yielded up that Cyte to king edward/ than king edward was there a month and ordained for Caleys and went in to englond again about mychelmasse/ And granted trewes for nine months at the Instance of the Pope/ But as he had sometime in coming out of little brytayne so he had at this time greet tempest in the see/ and lost thereby many noble knights/ therefore this king edwarde made a wonderful compleynt/ and said my good lady saint mary/ what is it and what bodeth it that at my wending in to France/ I have wind and weder and all thing at my will/ and in my coming again toward englond I have tempest and many hard haps/ This year fill great rain from the feast of the nativity of saint johan/ and dured till mydwynter next thereafter/ So that uneath passed any day but it rained by day or by night/ That time fill great death of men in all the world wide/ & bygan in lands out of the southeest sides/ So that uneath left half the people alive/ And some house of religion of twenty left but twain/ The syxthe Pope Clement died on saint nycholas day/ And anon the Pope's chief penitancer steven bishop hostiensis was choose pope and was cleped the sixth Innocent/ Also that year byganne great dearth of things that should be sold. so that the sale of things was for double price to that it was wont/ ¶ Also the see and the land byganne to wax more bareyn than they were before/ ¶ This year it was acorded and sworn between the kings of englonde and of France/ out take that the kings seeles were not set to the indentures that were written/ the accord was that the king of englond should have all his lands of the ducherye of guyan that were taken from him before by the king of France/ So that the king of Englond should leave and resygne up to the king of France all the right and claim that he had to the Royamme of France upon that doing were solempnel messengers sent in the kings half of englond ¶ Henry the noble duke of lancastre/ henry earl of arundel/ mychel of northburgh bishop of london and guide bryan/ These were sent to the pope's court for to have the covenants/ Recorded by the pope's bulls/ but by sudden fraud of France and by assent of the pope the covenants were put of and undo/ Therefore englonde arayeth for to fight/ for to rekever and win the lands that were take with wrong/ And the king of englond entered in to France with great strength of knights But he heard tell that barwyk was y take/ and came again & delivered barwyk of the power of scots/ ¶ This year was so greet drought together that in three months Apryl/ May and juyn uneath fill a drop of rain down to the earth/ On a Friday in a whi●sonweke were twey Freres of the order of menours brent at Avignon/ for some false opinions/ As it seemed by the pope & the cardinals/ the same year at the nativity of our lady the king of englonds elder son edward sailed in to gascoyn with many men of arms & archers to recover & win the lands of the ducherye of guyan that the king of France had long time wrongfully withhold/ there edward dwelled all a year without any rees of enemies/ But in the mean time he took and bete down and spoylled and brent huge cities that were rebel against him/ as narbon Carcason and other/ but in the end of the year of his coming the one & twen day of the month of septembre/ while the duke of lancastre besyeged the Cyte Brevens in brytayne/ Edward passed by the brynkes of the river leyr that is of the ducherye of guyan/ There came the king of France with a great host and fought with him/ but the kings men of France were slain and chased/ And the king of France was take and brought to Burdeaus in gascoigne/ and there he was till whitsontyde/ This year about Whitsuntide the foresaid edward sailed out of Gaskoyn in to englond with johan king of Frensshe men/ And anon the Pope sent twey cardinals in to englond for to trete of peace between the twey kings/ The cardinals dwelled in englonde a full year/ and the thyrdde Cardynal come of his own heed to comfort the king of France/ and dwelled with the other cardinals at london ¶ Also this year that was the year of our lord a thousand three honderd and seven & fifty about all halowen tide/ david le bruys king of Scotlond was delivered that had be long time in ward eleven year in the Castel of odyham/ and he paid a great raunsonne/ Also this year at the court of Rome began great stryf between the primate Armacan and Freres beggars/ Also the same year was great destruction in britain and in normandy by phelip that was the kings brother of naverne/ And by sire james pipe and Robert knolles/ and many other Englisshe men without head and without warrant of the king of Englond This year a bo ute the assumption of our lady Edward king of Englond and his elder son Edward prince of wales/ the duck of lancastre/ and neigh all the lords of Englond with a great host of horsemen and of archers gathered with about a thousand chariots dwelled somewhat long time at Sandwich and about Michelmasse next thereafter/ the foresaid duke sailed to Caleys/ the king & the prince sailed to the same place about about Candelmasse/ And bygnnae anon to ride in the Royam of France/ but they lay in the field in burgoyn/ And in champayne to the annunciation of our lady/ In the mean time the normans landed at wynchelsee with a little navey in englond the fytenthe day of march and assaylled that town/ and slew men and brent some of the town/ But there many of the see thieves were slain and drowned/ and the other part of the See thieves fled to their ships and went out of Englond as they were compelled by the Abbot of battle and strength that was with him/ ¶ This year about saint dunstans feest edward king of englond took trues with the king of France in hope of peace/ & came with his host again in to England/ But he lost many men horses and charyottes besides parys the/ xviij day after easter by a storm of weather that fill there that time/ About lammasse next thereafter Armacan and the order of beggars/ of the stryf that was between 'em ceased by heeste of the pope/ Also the same time the prince of wales/ the duke of lancastre/ and many other lords of englond and the king of France went to caleys to reform the peace between Englond and France/ there the peace was reform and assured with surety of oath on either side/ And the kings of englond and of france went home again to her own kingdoms about mychelmasse And son thereafter were messengers sent to Avignon to the pope to confirm the peace and the covenants on either side/  
God be thanked of all his deeds/ This translation is ended on a thursdaye the eyghtenthe day of Apryll the year of our lord a thousand three honderd and/ lvij/ The xxxj year of king Edward the third after the Conquest of Englond/ the year of my lords age Sir thomas lord of berkley that made me make this translation five and thyrtty/  
THus endeth the book named Proloconycon made & compiled by Ranulph monk of chestre/ which ordained it in latyn & atte request of the right worshipful lord/ Thomas lord of berkeley it was translated in to englisshe by one Trevisa thenne vycarye of the Paryssh of barkley/ And for as moche as sith the accomplysshement of this said book made by the said Ranulph ended the year of our lord a/ M/ CCC/ lvij/ many things have fallen which been requysyte to be added to this work/ by 'cause men's wits in this time been oblyvyous and lightly forgeten many things dygne to be put in memory/ and also there can not be founden in these days but few that write in their regystres such things as daily happen and falle· Therefore I William Caxton a simple person have endeavoured me to write first over all the said book of proloconycon/ and some what have changed the rude and old englyssh/ that is to weet certain words/ which in these days be neither used ne understanden/ & furthermore have put it in emprynte to th'end that it may be had & the matters therein comprised to be known/ for the book is general touching shortly many notable matters/ & also am avysed to make another book after this said work which shall be set here after the same/ And shall have his chapytres & his table a part For I dare not presume to set my book ne join it to his/ for diverse causes/ one is for as moche as I have not ne can gete no books of authority treating of such chronics/ except a little book named fasciculus temporum/ and another called Aureus de universo/ in which books I find right little matter sith the said time ¶/ And another cause is/ for as moche as my rude symplenesse and ignorant making aught not to be compared/ set ne joined to his book/ Thenne I shall by the grace of god set my work after a part for to accomplish the years sith that he finished his book/ unto the year of our lord/ M/ CCCC/ lx/ and the first year of the Regne of king edward the fourth/ which amount to an honderd and three year/    

¶ Incipit Liber ultimus  
THenne following this fore wreton book of Prolicronycon I have emprysed to ordain this new book by the sufferance of almighty god to continue the said werk bryefly/ And to set in hystoriall things/ such as I have con gete/ from the time that he left/ that was in the year of our lord a thousand three honderde and seven and ●yfty unto the year of our said lord thousand four honderd and syxty and to the first yereof the reign of king Edward the fourth/  

¶ Capitulum Primum  
IN the year of our lord a Thousand three honderd eight and fifty in October Robert knolles a capitain of a greet company of Englysshe men and other held and had won many forttesses in France by Orleaunce in B●ytayne and in normandy/ And in the same month he left his garnysons/ and came tofore Paris/ and there by took a strong place named Amblanullers/ And they of Paris sent out men of war against them/ but they were anon overthrown and beaten in to the town again/ And daily they assaylled the Frensshmen unto the yates of parys/ And held them of Paris so straight that atte last they were constrained to buy that place of him & to yeve to him large money to depart/ And after they destroyed many places in Champayne/ And in March aft●r they took the Cyte of Anserre and the Castel/ At which prise were made three knights/ that is to say Robert knolles/ Tomelyn Fouque and another/ which three were capitains of great Foison of Englysshmen/ And they pilled that town/ which was Rich as was said/ They had as moche good and jewellies/ as was valued to five honderde thousand motons of Gold/ And the Raunsonne of prysonners of singular personnes was an over great somme/ ¶ And when the Englysshmen had seen the lords of the town and had pilled it viij days during/ they said they would brenne the toun so that they that were left dwelling in the toun agreeed to give them to save it forty thousand motons of gold/ and syxty pearls valued at ten thousand motons of gold/ And that Englysshemen should bear aweye with them above that/ as moche good as they would/ except the jewellies of the church of saint Germayn/ the which they should have in pledge for their payment unto mydsomer/ and as to the walls/ they should break them down/ and brenne the gates/ and so they died/  
In this year of our lord a thousand three honderd syxty/ And five and thyrtty year of the Regne of king Edward the third the peace was finished and acorded between both kings of France and of England/ as it is afore said/ And at all halowen tide after both two kings metten together at Caleys with both their counseyls/ And there were showed the articles and conditions of the peace and accord/ to which both parties agreed and promised to observe and keep/ where forthwith was song a solemn mass/ And after the thyrdde Agnus dei upon god's body/ and also on the myssal● both kings her sons/ and the greatest lords of both Royames being tho there present sworn to hold observe and keep the said peace and accord/ and all other covenants that were ordained between hem  
¶ About this time saint Brygytte an holy widow of the Royamme of Swethen had many revelations to be informed unto all thastate of the church/ And Instytued and founded an order new of women and of men/ whereof she is patrons/ her feast is kept the two and twentyest day of juyll/ In the same year were great and sudden tempests/ and strong lyghtning and thundering/ by which housing b●●stes and trees were perished/ And the devil appeared in maunies likeness to moche people in diverse places and spoke to hem/ Also in diverse places of the world were earth quaves/ in so moche that Basyle the Cyte fill down with many Castles about it// ¶ That time men dwelled in woods as beestes and durst not entre in to cities/ ¶ That time were many bataylles/ Pestilence and hunger in many places/ Also in diverse places the Earth cast out white water/ and stinking. which overthrew and made to fall Castles and strong places on many places of the world/ ¶ In this year in the feast of Conversion of saint Poule king Edward held a parliament at Westmynstre/ In which was showed the peace/ and accord made between the two kings/ Item In the same year in the Ascension even was seen Eclipse of the Son/ Whereupon fill a great drought/ and that for defaute of Rain fill great dearth of Corn and hay/ ¶ Also this same year the same month fill Rain in Burgoyne almost like to blood/ And a Cross almost reed was seen in the air there/ Also in the same time was seen in France/ in Englond/ and in many other places appyere two Castles/ out of which issued out two hosts of Armed men/ that one was clothed in white/ that other in black/ And when the battle was bygonne between them/ the white overcome the black/ And soon after the black overcome the white/ And thenne they returned in to their castles and so vanished aweye/ In this year was an huge pestilence/ and this year deyde Sire Harry duck of lancastre/ ¶ In the same year Edward prince of wales married the Countess of kente. that was Sir Thomas holandes wyf/ which was sometime divorced fro the Earl of Salysbury/ for cause of the same knight/ ¶ About this time a great company of diverse nations assembled them to guider/ of whom the governors and leders were Englysshmen/ which died moche harm in France/ Anon after aroos another company of diverse nations/ that were called the white company which in the countrayes of lombardy died moche harm/ ¶ This same year Syre johan of Gaunt son to king edward the thyrdde was made duke of lancastre by his wyf daughter and heir of henry duke of lancastre that deyde/  
¶ Also this year was a great wind/ which overthrew houses Trees/ and many a steeple in Englond/ ¶ Item in this year king Edward made Sire leonel his son duke of Clarence/ And Edmond his other son earl of Cambrydge/ In this year was ordained by a parliament that men of lanwe should plete in their mother tongue/ ¶ In that year came in to Englond the kings of France/ Cypress/ and scotland/ Which were worshipfully received/ And after they had been here long time/ two of hem went in to their Countrayes again ¶ But the king of France for great sickness that he had abode still in Englond/  
¶ Sequitur Capitulum Secundum   

¶ Capitulum secundum/  
THis year was an huge frost lasting fro saint Andrews tide unto the fourtenthe kalends of apryll/ In this year there was a scholar which slept contynuelly by the term of seven year in lubyke/ And after he awoke and lived long time/ ¶ Also this year was a great battle kytwene Sire johan of Mountford duke of Brytayne and Sire Charles de bloys/ but the victory fill to sire johan through help and succour of englysshmen/ This same year deyde at the manner of Savoy king johan of France ¶ and after was carried to saint denies in France/ & there bury●d/ After Innocent the fifth urban was pope eight year/ This was abbot of massylyen of saint benettes order doctor of decrees and reputed an holy man/ he made to be preached great pardon to war against the turks/ unto him seint brygytta was sent from Cryst for confirmation of her Rule & ordre/ Atte last/ he was poisoned and deyde/ In this year saint katheryn of Senys was in her flowers an holy virgin of the order of the frere prechours she had the stygmates in her hands and feet and side which deyde the year of our lord/ M/ CCC & four score ¶ This year was ordained that Peter pens from thē● forth should not be paid/ which of old time was granted for continuing of school in Rome/ In this year was born at bourdeux Richard prince Edwardys son/ which after the death of his father and of king edward also was crowned king in the enleventhe year of his age by right line and assent of all the comunes of the royame/ This year fell a great variance in spayn & great war between peter ryghtful king of spain/ & Henry his bastard brother/ in so moche that king peter came to prince Edward to bourdeux to ask succour and help of him/ on whom he had great compassion & pity/ And by licence of king edward his father/ he pourueyed for his aid and help/ ¶ In this time was seen three days during in the scottyssh see two Eagles/ One coming out of the south/ & that other out of the north/ which fought fyersly together/ & the south first scomfyted the north eagle/ & he than fled home again to his own costies/ & anon after were seen many sterrys gathered together on one heap/ which fell down to thearth leming with fire lemes in man of lightnynges/ whose flames brent man's clotheses/ & hairs walking on the ground/ In this year prince edward/ & the duke of lancastre his brother with a gre●e Armee went in to spayn. and had a battle at nazers against Sire harry the Bastard which had put down king Peter & won the battle/ and had the victory/ and put the bastard and his men to flight and there were slain a six thousand of the bastards party and a two thousand prysonners taken/ of whom the Earl of dene Sire bertram claykyn and many other lords were prisoners/ & the noble Prince Edward restored the said king peter to his Royamme again/ In the same year was seen a blazing star named Cometa between the north & south with beams toward france/ In this year sir leonel king Edwardes son duke of clarence went to melan/ and married the daughter of galoys/ And in the nativity of our lady he deyde/ In this year the bastard of spain re-entered again/ and slew the king Peter the two and twentyest day of august/ ¶ In this same year the Frensshmen broke the peace/ riding in Guyan and Pontiew taking castles and towns/ surmising on the englysshe men subtilely and untruly that they were cause of the breaking of the peace. ¶ In this same year deyde the Duchess of lancastre and is buried at Powlys in london   

¶ Capitulum Tercium  
IN this year/ xliiij/ of the king was a greet pestilence/ and a greet moreyn of Beestes/ And there fill so great waters that it caused greet destruction of Corn/ in so moche that the next year following a busshel of wheat was worth three schyllyngys' & four pens/ In the last day of may was held a parliament at Westmynstre for the breaking of the peace of the Frensshmen/ and how the wrongs might be redressed and avenged/ In this said year in thassumption of our lady deyde queen philip/ and is buried at westmynstre/ ¶ At mydsomer this same year the duke of lancastre and the Earl of Herford with a great company of men of war went over see toward France/ & on Chalkhylle between saint Omers & guynes was an huge host of frensshmen/ & the host of englysshe men fast by the same/ which had long leyn there/ & diverse Englysshe men yaf counsel for to fight with the frensshmen/ but the lords & capitayns would not/ Anon after it happened that th'earl of warwyck come thyderward/ And when the Frensshemen h●●de of his coming oer he came fully to land th●y left their tents and pavylons with all their vytayl/ and fled their weigh/ And when th'earl was londed he hasted toward normandy/ And in his coming again toward Caleys he deyde on the Pestilence/ In this year at mydsomer was made an host/ and Sire Robert knollies was made governor/ And when they came in to France/ as long as they held 'em together/ the Frensshmen dared not come neygh them/ But at last for envy and covetise that was among them they discorded and sundered them in to diverse companies/ which couraged the Frensshmen/ in so moche that they came freely on our Englysshmen/ and for the most part took and slew hem/ ¶ In the same year Pope urban came fro Rome to Auynyon/ purposing to have made a final peace between Englond and France/ But oer he began his traytye he deyde/ Somme say he was poisoned/ ¶ After urban/ the enleventhe Gregory was pope eight year/ This pope was called tofore Petrus de bello forte/ he was deken Cardynol and deyde in Rome in goddess peace/ ¶ After him followed great tribulation in the church which god sh●wyd by revelation to saint Brygytte for the sins of men of the church/ In the same year Prince Edward being at Bordeaux by thavy of his counseyl byganne to set Inp●sicions and taxes up on the duchye of Guyan/ wherefore the Cyte of lymoge reb●llyd & fought against him/ & other moo also and t●rned from him to the Frensshe king/ wherefore he took and destroyed that Cyte And slough all that was therynne/ ¶ son after Prince Edward came in to England leaving behind him in Gascoigne the duck of lancastre/ and Sire Edmond earl of Cambrydge with other worthy men of arms/ ¶ In the parliament at Westmynstre was granted to the king a subsydye of fifty thousand pound to be paid of the lay fee/ And thenne in hatred of men of the church/ the lords put out of offyce the chancellor/ the Tresorer/ and the prive Seal/ and in their stead were put secular men/ ¶ In the eight and fourtyest year of the Regne of king Edward the duke of lancastre/ and the Earl of Cambrydge the kings sons came out of guyan in to englond and were married to two sisters/ daughters & heirs of king peter of spain/ ¶ That same year Frensshe men be yeged Rochel ¶ Wherefore ●●e Earl of Penbroke was sent in to Gascoyn with a greet company of men of arms/ And oer they couth entre in the haven of Rochel there came upon 'em a strong navy of spain/ which scomfyted the Englysshe men/ and took the Earl with great treasure and many other noble men/ Thenne the king with a great host entered the see to have revenged the siege of Rochel/ but the wind would not serve him/ wherefore he tarried long at the see coast/ abiding after a good wind/ but it came not/ and so he returned home again/ Thenne the duke of lancastre with a great host went in to Flaundees/ and passed through pycardye to parys/ and so through all France/ till he came to bordeaux without any resistance/ About this time wenzelaus son of charles king of Boheme his father yet living was elect and choose to be Emperor/ he being a child/ of which empire he took none heed/ ne wrought not/ Wherefore after he had reigned four and twenty year/ and after many warnings he was deposed/ his lecherous life defouled his noble wit/ and his end was without worship/ For he was never crowned with a dyademe/  
In this year were sent fro the poor two bishops/ one of ravenne & one of carpentras for to treat between two kings of france & of englond/ & day was held at Brugys in flaundres/ & there were for the king of englond the duke of lancastre/ the bishop of london/ and many other/ And for the Frensshe king the Duc of Burgoyne/ his brother the bishop of Amien's/ and many other but they concluded no thing/   

¶ Capitulum quartum  
IN the fyftyest year of king Edward'S reign on trinity sondaye that year the eight day of juyn deyde the noble Prince edward at kenyngton/ and brought to westmestre where he had his obsequy/ and fro thence carried to caunterburye/ and there worshipfully beryed beside saint thomas shrine/ About this time bartholus & baldus greet doctors of law were in her flowers/ After the death of pope gregory the/ xj began the worst scysme that ever was in the church which dured xl/ year/ For at rome was vrban the syxthe choose by force & strength of the Romans/ And this died the cardinals for dread/ against their intent and will/ therefore they fled to the cyte fundorum saying him not to be pope/ And chose in his place Robertum de gebennis/ the same year which was named the seventh clement And thus began the scysme/ In the fifth year the mayor of london Adam stable was discharged thee/ xxj day of march/ And nicholas brembre choose by virtue of a letter that came from the king/ The same year was a great parliament at westmynstre/ in which the king asked a great subsydye/ but the Commynes answered that they might no longer bear such charges/ and said they knew well that the king had good ynowgh for himself and for saving of his Royame's/ if the Royamme were well governed/ but it had be long evil ruled by evil officers that the land might not be plentivous of chaffer merchandise ne riches/ & showed many complaints of dyusers officers of the Royamme/ And namely on the lord latemer the kings chamberlayn/ and on dame Alyce pyers/ for great wrongs that mysgovernaunce that were done by their counseylle/ desiring that they should be removed and other put in their stead/ such as were wise true/ well proved and of good governance/ And so among all other they cheese Sire Pyers delamare a wise knight and eloquent for to be speaker for the commynes/ And by cause the same Sire Pyers told and published the truth/ rehearsing the wrongs done by diverse personnes of the kings house/ Anon after the death of the good prince Edward he was put in to p●rpetuel prysonne/ ¶ The same year anon after Candelmasse during the said parliament a subsydye was granted to the king both of the clergy/ and of the temporalyt●/ that is to say of the temporalyte of every person passing fourten year of age/ he should have four pens/ except p●ure beggars/ And of every man of holy church beneficed or promoted twelve pens/ and unpromoted four pens/ except the four ordres of Freres/ ¶ The same Richard Prince Edwardys son was made prince of wales/ And to him the king gafe the Ducherye of Cornewayle/ and the Erldome of chestre/ ¶ In the/ lij/ year of king Edwardes reign the/ xj/ kalendies of juyn the said king Edward deyde in his manner at Shene/ and from thence brought to westmynstre/ and there buried worshipfully atte south side of saint Edward'S Shrine On whose soul god have mercy/ Amen/   

¶ Capitulum 5  
AFter king Edward the third reigned rychard the second that was the noble prince Edward'S son of wales/ which king Richard was born at bourdeux/ he was crowned at westmestre/ the eleventh year of his age/ ¶ In the second year of his reign the lord latemer and Sire/ Rauf Ferys striving and being at debate with Sire Robert haul and one shakley● for the Earl of dene their prisoner came in to westmynstre church and there slough at high mass time the said haul/ And Shakle was arrested and put in the tour of london/ It is said that this was done by commandment of the duke of Gloucetre Wherefore he came/ and was assoylled at westmynstre. and made greet amendss and gafe great gifts and jewellies therefore to the said church/ ¶ About this time the fist of the visitation of our lady was bygonne by pope urban the eleventh after the form and also the same pardon that is yeven to the feast of the Sacrament/ which feast is held the second day of juyll/ ¶ In this time the great maystre of Rhodes entered in to Turquye with a great company/ And there by the Greeks/ that were with the Turks he was discomfyted and taken/ and the remnant of his people deed and taken to fore a Castel called Sayette/ In the thyrdde year of his regne came certain galeyes of war out of France in to diverse portis of Englond and rob/ brent/ and slew moche people/ in so moche that they came to Gravesende and brent a great part of the town/  
In the same year was ordained at a parliament at westmynstre/ that every man and woman passed fourteen year of age/ should pay to the talage four pens/ wherefore fell afterward much meschyef For in the fourth year of his reign the Commons aroos in diverse parties in Englond/ and died moche harm/ and it was called the hurling time/ And they of kente and of Estsex made 'em two Capytayns called jac straw/ and watte Tyler/ And they assembled on blacheth/ and on corpus Cristi day they came in to Southwerk/ and let out all the prisoners of the kings bench and marchal see/ And came in to london and rob all the alyens and strangers and sl●ughe and made havoc/ On the morn after they came to the tour of london where the king was present the same time/ and took out the Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ and the prior of saint johans'/ and a white Frere confessor to the king and smote of their hedes atte tower hill/ then come they again to london and slew men of law/ and other worthy men in diverse parties of the t●une/ Thenne went they to the duke of lancastres place called Savoy/ and destroyed it down/ and bore 〈◊〉 the goods that they might find and brent the place/ then went they to westmestre and saint martyns the grant. and delivered them all out of sayntuarye that were therynne for any manner grythe/ Thenne came they to the Temples/ and to all other Inns of men of law. and despoylled and brent their books/ Thenne came they to london again/ and took out all the prysonners felons and other out of newgate/ and both countours and destroyed their books/ Thenne on the monday king Richard sent for the mayr of london William walworth/ and his aldermen/ and they went to speak and know thentention of these rebellious people/ ¶ Thenne this jac straw let make an oye in the field that all his people should come near and bear his cry and will/ Thenne the lo●des the mayer & aldermen having indignation of his presumption and covetise/ and the mayer seenge that he did no reverence to the king start to him and slew the said jac straw capitain of the rebels/ and anon his heed was smitten of/ And the heed raised up that all might see it/ And forthwith incontinent all the Rysers and misgoverned people sledde away/ Thenne the king forthwith dubbed the mayer knight/ and five of his brethren Aldermen/ that is to say Sir william walworth Mayer/ Syre Nychol Brambre/ Sir johan Phylpet/ Sire Nychus Twyford/ Syre Robert laundre/ and Sire Robert gayton/ And after this as they might take and gete these rebels and misgoverned people/ they hinge 'em up by ten/ by twelve twenty etc/ ¶ In the fifth year was a great earth quave through out all the world/ the one and twentyest day of may Of which all manner people was sore afeard/ ¶ This year queen Anne came in to englond and was married unto king richard at westmynstre/ ¶ In the sixth year Syre Henry spencer bishop of norwiche went over see with a Croysye in to Flaundres and gate the towns of grauenyng/ burburgh/ and Dunkyrke/ And there he died do lad one and fifty ships with p●llage and goods which should have comen in to Englond. But the Bishop let brenne the ships with all the pyllage in the same haven/ And he had a great battle with the Flemynges at dunkyrke/ and there were slain an huge multitude of Flemynges/ The Bishop with his retenue went and besyeged Ipre long time/ but he couth not gete it/ And by cause many of his men deyde there of the flux/ he came again in to englond/ ¶ The same year was a battle done within the kings pala●s at westmynstre for certain points of treasonne between Sire johan Ansley knight defendant/ and garton Squyer app●llaunt/ And the defendant discomfyted thappellant/ Alle this time dured the Scysme/ For urban at Rome was choose Petrus de thomacellies/ and was named Bonefacius Nonu●/13 year/ And after Clemens was choose in Auynyon Petrus de luna/ which was named/ benedictus/ xiij/ and he abode p●pe there two and twenty year/ And after Boneface was Innocencius septimus two year/ And after him Gregorius 129 xij/ year/ and after him Alexander grecus one year/ And thenne after him johannes visesimus tercius/ and thenne at counsel of Constance was choose martinus quintus/ and so of all these foresaid pope's from gregorius undecimus unto Martinus Quintus endured the scysme by the space of forty year that it was not known who was the very and undoubted pope   

¶ Capitulum sextum/  
IN the eight year of king Rychardes regne/ Sir edmond of langely Earl of Cambrydge the kings uncle went in to Portyngale with a great company of men of Arms and Archers in strengthing and helping the king of Portyngale against the king of Spain/ And there the king of Portyngale had the victory/ That done the Earl of Cambrydge came home again with his Army in to englond/ The same year king Richard held his Crystemasse at El●ham/ The king of E●monye the same time fled out of his own land/ ●nd came unto king Richard for succour and aid/ For the Turkies had devoured & destroyed moche of his land/ The king hauyn● great pity & compassion of his great meschyef took counsel 〈◊〉 on/ And it was concluded that the king should yeve him some good/ for tauenture his people so far it were a great jeopardy And so the king gave him gold and silver and many rich yefts/ and betaught him to god and so he departed out of Englond This same year king Richard with a great and puissant Armee went toward Scotland/ And the Scottys sent to the king and desired and made great labour for to have a tryeus/ so a tryeus was taken and made/ and then the king returned to york/ and there Sire johan holand th'earl of kentis brother slew thearls son of stafford/ wherefore the king was sore moved/ and returned to london/ ¶ In the ninth year of his reign was a parliament at westmynstre/ In which the king made and created two Dukes/ five Erlys'/ and a marquys/ Sir Edmond of langely the kings uncle earl of cambrydge was made duke of york ¶ Sire thomas of wodestok his other uncle that was Earl of bokyngham was made duke of Gloucetre/ Syre leonel vere earl of Oxenford was made Marquys of develyn/ Harry bolyngbroke the duke's son of lancastre was made earl of derby/ ¶ Sire Edward the dukes son of york was made earl of Ruthlond. Sire johan holond the Earl of kenties brother was made earl of huntyngdon/ Sir Thomas monbray earl of notyngham was made earl marchal of Englond/ ¶ Sire mychel de la pole knight was made Earl of Suffolk/ and Chancellor of Englond/ ¶ Atte this same parliament th'earl of march was proclaimed heir apparaunte to the crown of Englond after king Richard/ The said Earl of march went over see in to Irlond unto his lordship thearldom of ulster which was his by inheritance/ And there as he lay on a time in a castle of his/ there came upon him greet multitude of wild Irysshe men/ and he came out of his Castle fyers●y with his people/ and fought with 'em manly/ and there he was slain/ ¶ In the tenth year the earl of Arondel went to the See with a greet navy/ and there he met an hoole fleet coming fro the Rochel laden with win/ which were enemies goods which float he took and brought in to diverse havens in Englond/ and some unto london/ where men might buy a ton of Rochel win for twenty schyllynges/ ¶ In the eleventh year of his reign was tharising of certain lords in englond in destruction of rebels/ etc/ that is to say Sire Thomas wodestok duke of gloucetre/ Sire Richard earl of arundele/ Sire Richard earl of warwick/ Sire harry of Bolyngbroke earl of Derby/ And Syre thomas monbray earl marchal These five lords of understood the myschyef & governance of the kings counceylle wherefore they that were that time of the kings counsel fled out of the land/ that is to say master Alysaunder Nevel Archebisshop of york/ Sire mychel de la pole earl of Suffolk & chancellor of englond/ and the marquys of develyn/ Sir Robert le vere/ these three lords came never again in to englond/ for they deyde beyond the see/ These five lords above said made a parliament at westmestre/ and there they took Sire Robert Tresylyon justice/ Sire nychol brembre knight and Cyteseyne of london/ Sir johan Salesbury knight and uske sergeaunt with other moo which were judged to death and were draw to Tyburn/ and there hanged/ Also in the same parliament/ Sire Simon Beverley knight of the garter/ Syre johan beauchamp knight styward of the kings house/ and sir johan berneis were byhedid atte tour hill ¶ Also Robert bealknap johan holte/ johan Carry/ William burgh/ Robert fulthorp and johan lokton justices were exiled in to Irlond there for to dwell all her life time/ ¶ In the twellifth year during the said parliament was held a general justice in smythfelde of lords knights and squires for all manner strangers that would come/ holding 〈◊〉 household to hem and all other. And all they of the kyngys' house were of one suit/ thryr Cotys/ their arms/ their sheld●s/ and their trappours were browdrid all with white hearts with Crowns of gold about their necks and chains of gold hanging thereon which herties was the kings leverey that he yaf to lords ladies knights and squires to know his household people from other/ Thenne four and twenty ladres coming to the justys' lad four and twenty lords with chains of gold and a●le in the same suit of hearts as is afore said from the tower on horsbak through the Cyte of london in to smythfeld/ To this feste came many great lords strangers out of France/ henaud/ Holond and of other countries/ which feast and justes endured four and twenty days upon the kings cost/ when the feast was ended and justice the king thanking the strangers ●aue to them great yefts/ And thenne they took their love/ and so departed/ In the thirteenth year was a bataille dene in the palace at westmestre between a squire of naverne that was with the king/ and a squire called johan walssh for points of treasonne/ that he of naverne put upon this walssh/ but in the end he of naverne was overcome and disconfyted in the field/ & yielded him/ And anon he was despoylled of his armure and drawn out of the palace unto Tyburn/ and there hanged/   

¶ Capitulum Septimum/  
IN the fourtenthe year Sir johan of Gaunt duke of lancastre with a great host went in to spain to Claim and challenge his right by his wives title unto the Crown of spain/ and he had with him the Duchess his wyf and his three daughters. And thereafter great communication hereupon had they were acorded and concluded that the king of Spain should marye the duck of lancastres' daughter/ And he should yeve to the duck of lancastre gold and silver/ which was casten in to great wedgys' and so many other jewellies/ as moche as eight charyottis might carry/ And every year after during the life of the duke/ and his wyf/ ten thousand marc of gold/ Of which gold they of spain should adventure and here the jeopardy thereof/ and bring yerly unto bayon to the duke's assygnees/ by surety made/ ¶ Also the duke of lancastre died do marye another of his daughters to the king of Portyngale the same time/ And thenne he returned/ and came again in to Englond with his wyf/ ¶ In this year the Turks made great war against Crystendome unto the Cyte of Iene/ wherefore the Iene ways scent to the king of France for aid/ and also to the king of Englond/ And so there were went out of France fyften honderd knights with the duke of Borbon/ and the Earl of ewe/ and other/ ¶ And out of Englond went the Earl of Alby a valiant man with certain Archers/ And they shipped at marcellis/ and went and besyeged thunes in Barbarye and made there many skarmuches/ and put out oft the Sarazens/ but in th'end the turk feared/ and made trewes for a seasonne/ and delivered all the Crysten prysonners/ and paid ten thousand du●atis/ and so the Crysten men returned hoome again/ ¶ In the fifteenth year of king Rychardes regne/ he h●lde his Crystemas at wodestok/ where th'earl of Penbroke a young lord and tender of age would learn just with a knight called Sire johan saint johan/ And road together in the park/ And there the Earl was slain with the knights spear as he cast it from him/ when they had coped/ ¶ This year johan hind being that time mayer of london & johan Shadeworth and henry vanner shereves were dysharged of their offices before saint johans' day baptist/ and the king seized the fraunchyse and lybertees of the Cyte of london/ And ordained and constitued Sir Edward dalyngredge wardeyn of the Cyte/ and endured in his offyce unto the first day of juyll the year/ xuj/ ¶ And thenne Sir Bowdwyn Radyngton was made wardeyve to saint Symons day and Jude/ The 'cause there of was for a bakers man bearing a basket with horse breed in to Fleetstreet/ there come a man of the bishop of Salesburyes that took out an horse loof out of the baskette/ wherefore the bakers man strove with the yeoman/ so that the bishops man broke the bakers man's heed/ Thenne neighbours come about to have rescowed him and to have arrested the bishops man/ But he scope fro hem in to his lords place/ The Constable came and would have bad him out/ but they withynne the place kept it that they might not come in/ And thenne come the mayer with moche people and said/ they would have him out or brenne the place/ and all that were therein/ The Bishop being tresorer of England and the archebisshop of Caunterbu●y went together to wyndesore to the king/ and made a great complaint to the king and his counseylle of the Cyte of london/ And the king sen●e for the mayer and shereves/ and yaf hem great rebukes for th'offence that they had done against him and his officers in his Chambre of london/ And deposed the mayer and shereves/ and mand a wa●deyne of the Cyte as afore is said/ In the syxtenth year the king with drew his courts from westmynstre to york/ which were there held and kept fro the feast of saint johan baptist unto Crystemasse after/ Thenne at request of the good Queen Anne & of the bishop of london thenne called Gravesende/ the king granted the Fraunchyse and lybertees to the Cyte of london and they of london gaf to saint edwards shrine a table of silver and enamelled stonding on the Awter/ And after this the mayer Alder men and sherevys met with the king submytting them humbly to him as they aught do/ And resseyving the king through the Cyte with great triumph/ and brought him to westmynstre And on the morn after the mayer aldermen and shreves presenting the said table & other yefts prayed the king of his good and special grace to have their lybertees and Fraunchyses/ as they had to fore time/ And so the king granted to them all their asking and went home again/ ¶ In this same year the duke of lancastre was sent in to France to demand a myllion of scutes which was due for the ransom of king johan/ And diverse places as peytowe Rochel/ and a part of Guyan/ And he was answered by the counseylle of France that the men of war of Englond had done harm in France above the trewes to the some of three mylions/ which ought to be repaired first/ and so departed again/ ¶ In the seventeenth year come out of Scotlande certain lorde● in to England to gete worship by feet of arms/ th'earl of morryf chalengid the Earl marchal of England to just with him on horse back with sharp spears/ And so they rood together certain courses/ but not the full challenge/ For the Scottyssh earl was cast both horse & man/ & two of his rib broken with the same fall/ and so born home in to his Inn/ & anon after was carried homeward in a littyer/ and at York he deide ¶ Sire william darel banerer of Scotlande· and Sire pyers Courtney the kings banerer of of englond riden to guider certain courses of war hit & assayed The Scottysshe knight seeing he might not have the better/ yafe it over/ and would no more of the challenge/ ¶ Thenne one Cokburn squire of Scotland and Syre nychol hauberk road five coursies/ and at every course the Scot was cast both horse and man/ This same year the seventeenth day of juyn deyde the good qu●ne Anne king Rychardes wyf/ And lieth buried at westmynstre by saint Edward's shrine/   

¶ Capitulum octawm  
IN the year 1494 were trewes taken between the king of France/ and the king of England for four year/ Also this same year about Crystemasse king Richard went first in to Irlond/ After wenzelaus/ Rupertus alias Robertus was Emperor nine year/ ¶ This Robertus duke of bayer and Count Palatyn on the Ryn a just and true man and a catholic/ he was crowned of the ninth Boneface the Pope/ He entered in to ytalye with a great army against duke galyace/ but he returned with great loss/ ¶ About this time was that cursed heresy of johan wyclyf in Englond/ and johan hus in bohemye/ and jerome of praghe/ which heresy enfected much people And under the habit of a lamb hiding woluysshe cruelty had purposed to subvert all the state of the church. And the sklaunderous scysme which was in this evil time was a great help to them/ ¶ Also this time the heresyee Adamitarum began to grow in Boheme/ but it was put down by the bussyties/ That was over gross. and unshamefast/ For they went naked/ and Indyffrently died their lechery with women/ ¶ Petrus de Elyaco/ and johan Gerson his disciple both doctors of divinity of Paris were in her flowers this tyme·/ ¶ In this year were marvelous great winds three months contynuelly/ and specially in september that overthrew greet trees with fruit houses chymeneyes and steeples/ And there was seen in langedok in France/ a great star and five little stars assaylling the great/ and poursyewed it by the space of an hour/ and a voys crying fro hevene· And after was seen a man seeming of Copper holding a spear in his bands by the greet star/ and smote it/ And after that it was no more seen/ ¶ In other places were herd the noise of harneysed men fighting/  
¶ In the nynetenthe year of king Richard/ he went to Calays/ and married there queen Isabel the kings daughter of Fraunce· At which time the Frensshe lords were sworen on a book that all covenants. Forwardys and compositions ordained and made on both sides should be truly held and kept without contradiction or dylaye in any manner wise/ And when this Ryal marriage was done and finished/ king Richard with dame Isabel his queen came in to Englond And the mayer of london with all his brethren with great multitude of the Commons of the Cyte & the Craftys received 'em worshipfully atte Blacheth and brought 'em to saint George's bar/ And there taking their l●ue· the king and the Queen rood to kenyngton/ ¶ And after that withynne a while the queen came to the tour of london/ at whose coming was moche harm done/ For on london bridge were nine personnes crowded to death/ Of whom the prior of Typtre was one/ And from the tower she went through the Cyte of london to westmynstre/ and there she was crowned/ ¶ And after this king rychard by appoyntement delivered the toun of breast to the duke of brytayne/ whereof bygon moche trouble and sorrow which dured unto his deth·s ¶ In the twentyest year king Richard died hold a great feast at westmynstre/ At which feast arrived the Sowdyours that had kept breast/ And sat atte dyner in the hall/ and after dyner the Duc of Gloucetre said to the king/ Syre have you not seen though fellows that sat at dyner in your hall/ And the king demanded who they were/ And he said these been your folk that have served you and been come from breast/ and now wot not what to do/ and have been evil paid/ Thenne the king said that they shall be paid/ Thenne answered the duke of Gloucetre in a great fury/ Sire you aught first to put your body in devoir to gete a town or a Castel by faith of war upon your enemies/ ere you should sell or deliver any towns that your predecessors kings of Englond have gotten and conquered To the which the king answered right angrely/ how say you that/ Thenne the duke his uncle said it again/ Thenne the king byganne to wax wroth and said Ween you that I be a merchant or a fool to sell my land/ by saint johan baptist nay/ but truth it is that our Cousin of britain hath rendered and paid to us the some that my predecessors had lent upon the said town of Breast/ and sith he hath paid it is reasonne/ that this town be delivered to him again/ Thus began the wrath between the king and his uncle/ And afterward at Arondele was a Counseylle of certain lords/ as the duck of Gloucetre the Archebisshop of Caunterbury/ The Earls of arondele/ warwick and marcha●/ and other/ For to reform the rule about the king/ which lords promised ech● ta bide by other and so departed/ and anon after the Earl marchal which was capitain of Calays bewrayed and let the king have knowleche of all their counseylle/ Whereupon the five and twentyest day of august/ the duke of Gloucetre was arrested at plasshey in Estsex/ and brought to the tower of london and from thenn●s sent to Calays/ and there murdered and slain without process of law or justice// and th'earl of arondel/ the earl of warwick Sir johan Cobham/ Syre john chain knights were arrested and put in hold/ Save th'earl of arondel fond seurte tanswere and went at large till the parliament time/ In the one & twentyest year of king rycharde at the parliament held at westmynstre/ th'earl of arondel was brought to fore all the lords/ and there was judged to death/ that he should go on foot fro westmynstre through the Cyte of london to the tower hill/ And there to have his heed smitten of And syxe lords rood with him to see that Execution should be do wi●h great multitude of people of men of Arms and Archers/ For they dread lest he should be rescowed by men of london/ ¶ And on the morn tharchebisshop of Caunterbury his brother was banished for evermore/ And Sire Thomas Mortemer was banished also/ And Sire Richard earl of warwyck came to fore the parlement/ And was judged to the same death/ but by cause of his age he was releced to perpetuel prysonne/ ¶ The Mondaye after Sire johan Cobham/ and Sire johan chain were judged to be drawn & hanged/ but at the Instance of the lords that judgement was releced unto perpetuel prysonne/ And this done king Richard made a ryal feast and held open Court/ In which feast he made five Duke's/ A marqueys/ and five Earls/ that is to say the Earl of Derby was made duke of Herford/ The earl of Ruthlond was made Duc of Anmarle/ The Crle of Kent/ Duck of Surrey/ The earl Huntyngdon Duck of Excetre/ The earl Marchal Duck of Norfolk/ The earl of Somersete Marqueys of Doesete/ The lord spencer/ earl of Gloucetre/ The lord Neuyll earl of westmerlonde/ Sire Thomas Percy/ earl of worcetre/ Sire william Scrope Earl of wylshyre/ Sire johan Montague Earl of Salysbury/ And thus there was a greet feast to all these lords/ and to all other that would come/  
In the same year fill a greet debate and dissension between the Duck of herford Earl of Derby on that one party/ And the Duke of Norfolk earl marchal on that other party/ In so moche that they waged battle and cast down their gloves which were taken up before the king and ensealed/ And the day and place assigned at Coventre/ To which place the king cam· the Duke of lancastre and other lords/ And when both parties were in the field ready for to fight the king took the matere in his own honde/ And forthwith he exiled and banished the Duke of Herford for ten year/ And the duke of norfolk for ever/ ¶ The Duc of Norfolcke deyde at venyse In the two and twentyest year of king Richard there were made blank Charters/ to which all the Rich men of the Royamme were compelled to set to their seals/ And it was noised through the Royamme/ that he had set Englond to farm to Sire william Scrope Earl of wylshyre/ sir johan bush/ Sire johan green/ and sir johan bagot/ and he ordained his uncle Sir edmond of langley duke of yorcke to be his lyeutenaunt/ while he should be in Irlond in his absence/ In this year deyde the duke of lancastre/ and is buried at powlus in london/ ¶ Thenne king Richard went in to Irlonde with many lords and great ordinance/ And there he was well received/ And the wild● Irysshmen came down to him with their capitains and yielded them to him/ and sworn to be his true lyege men/ and died him homage and feawte Thus he conquered Irlond the most part in a little while/  
Whiles king Richard was in Irlond thus occupied Sire Harry of Bolyngbrooke earl of Derby the duke of lancastres son/ whom king Richard had made Duke of Herford/ And had exiled him for certain causes/ & with him tharchebisshop of Caunterbury also londed at ravenspore in the north country Andrea by the Colour of his title to the duchy of Lancastre he raised and assembled the people ever as he went in so moche as he had greet multitude of people/ For the people were so oppressed with the officers of king Richard/ that almost all the Commyns of the land were ready to await on the Earl of Derby/ hoping to be relieved by him/ ¶ incontinent tidings came to king Richard being in Irlond how he was landed and that the Commons drew fast to him/ Anon he made him ready and came over see in to Englond with all his host/ and arrived in Mylford haven/ And there tarried a two days for to refresh him and his host/ And in the mean while the lords and most part of the people understood that the Earl of Derby bycam strenger and strenger/ began to murmur and to grudge/ ¶ That saying/ Sir thomas Percy called them together broke the Rdode of his offyce/ For he was styward/ and bad every man go his way unweting the king/ And so in the night every man went his weigh leaving the king alone save two or three lords with a few men/ which lords for sewerte and by counsel of the styward brought the king to the Castel of Flynt/ where he was taken and delivered to th'earl of Derby/ which brought him to london/ ¶ And thenne were taken at Brystowe Sire william scrope/ Sir johan bussh/ Sir harry green/ & Sir johan bagot/ But Sire johan bagot escaped/ And the other that were take were byheded/ And thus as he was coming to london ward/ tidings came to the Cyte/ that king Rycharde was comen to westmynstre/ And anon the people of london in their fury and wodenesse as people maliciously set against king Richard their sovereign lord Roose and purposed if they might have founden to have destroyed him/ But the mayer and aldermen with the sad men of the town with moche work turned 'em hoome again to london/ yet they took Sire johan slake dene of the kings chapel/ and put him in ludgate/ and Sire johan Bagot that escaped from bristol was take in Irlond and brought to london and set in newegate/ ¶ son after this king Richard was brought to the tower of london/ and thenne was there a parliament/ In which king Richard was deposed of his Crown/ And king Henry choose and taken for the king/ to whom king Richard resygned the Crown and the Royamme of Englond/ And thenne from the tower he was had to the Castel of ledes in kente/ And from thennes he was had to the Castel of Pountfret/   

¶ Capitulum 9  
THenne the duke of lancastre earl of derby named Henry bolyngbroke was crowned king of englond at westmynstre on saint Edward's day Confessour· Thenne made the king his oldest son henry prince of wales/ Duke of Cornewayle/ and earl of Chestre/ he made Sire thomas of Arondel Archechebisshop of Caunterbury/ as he was before/ And he that was made Archebisshop by king Richard/ he made him Bishop of london/ and he made the Erlis son of Arondel to be put in possession of all his lands/ In the first year of his reign be held his Crystemas at wyndesore/ And on the tweluthe even the duke of Anmarle told the king how the duke of surrey/ the Duc of excetre/ the earl of Salesbury & th'earl of gloucetre with other of their affynyte were acorded to make a mumling/ to the king and so for to slay him in the revelling/ ¶ wherefore the king the same night came privily to london/ and anon these lords that had purposed to have made this mommery understood that their counseylle was bewrayed/ anon with their people went westward/ And at Sysseter the Duke of Surrey and the earl of Salesbury were taken and biheded & their heeds set on london bridge/ and at Oxenford were taken two knights blunt/ and sir benette Sely and wyntercele a squire/ which were byheded and quartered and their heeds set on london bridge/ and the quartres sent to other good towns/ And at prithwell in Estsex Sire johan holonde Duck of excetre was taken with the Commons of the Country/ and his heed smitten of/ and sent to london and set on london bridge/ ¶ Also at Bristol was take the lord spencer that was made by king Richard earl of Gloucetre and biheded and his heed sent to london and set on londonbridge/ In the same year Sire Bernarde brokeiss. Sir johan Selley/ Sir johan mawdelyn/ and Sir william Ferby were taken and set in the tour/ And after by judgement were hanged and byheded/ and their heeds set on london bridge/ when king henry saw that these lords thus had risen/ and assembled greet people to have put him to death/ and for to restore king Richard again to his Crown/ and to his Royamme thought ●eschue such perils/ Anon commanded Sir Pyers of Exton that he should go straight to pountfreyte/ and deliver the world of king Richard/ And so he departed fro the king/ and went to the Castel of Pountfret/ where as king Richard was in prysonne/ the which was set at table for to dine/ And anon after Sire Pyers came in to the chambre where the king was/ and eight men with him/ and each man an axe in his hand/ Troth it is when the king saw Sir Pyers with his Felaushippe entre in to the chambre defensably arrayed/ he shoof the table from him/ and sprang in the mids of 'em/ & caught an axe out of one of their hands/ and set himself valyauntly at defence/ And himself defending he slow four of the eight/ And when the said Sire Pyers saw the king so defend him/ he was sore abashed and greatly afeard/ And forthwith start upon the place/ where as king Richard was wont to sit/ And as king Richard fought and defended himself going bacwarde/ the said Sire Pyers smote him on the heed with his axe that he fill to ground/ Thenne cried king Richard god mercy/ And thenne he gafe him yet another stroke on the heed/ and so he deyde/ And thus was this noble king slain and murdered/ And when the king was deed/ the knight that had thus slain him/ set him down by the deed body of King Richard/ And byganne to weep/ saying Alas/ what thing have we done/ We have put to death him that hath been our king and sovereign lord two and twenty year/ Now have I lost mine honour/ Ne I shall never come in place/ but I shall be reproached/ For I have done against mine honour/ ¶ After this the tweluest day of march was the body of the Noble king Richard brought through London to Powlus/ which Corpse was laid on a Charyotte covered with black/ and four banners/ whereof twain were of the arms of saint George/ and twain of the Arms of Saint Edward/ And there were an honderd men clothed in black each bearing a Torch/ And the Cyte of london bad thyrtty men in white/ Each bearing also a torch/ And the Corpse was laid open the visage that every man might see and know that it was his body and that he was so deed/ For many men believed it not/ And from thennes he was carried to the freres at Langley and there he was buried/ On whose soul God have mercy Amen/ ¶ The cumin opinion of Englysshmen is that king Richard deyde not after the manner a foresaid/ But that he deyde other wise/ That is to weet that when ●e herd say/ that his brother the Duc of Ex●●●te/ The Duc of Surey/ The earl of Salysbury. and the other lords were deed/ He was so angry and so sorrowful/ that ●e sworn that ●e would never eete meet And so abode four days without ering as they say/ And when that king Henry understood that he would not eat/ he sent to him two prelate's for to comfort h●m And when they were come he confessed him to one of them/ the which gaf him in penance that he should eat his meet/ And when be supposed to have eten/ the meet might not go down/ ne avale in to his stomach ¶ For the conduytes of his body w●re shronken together/ ¶ And thenne said the noble king Richard that it was d●n●/ and that he must needs die/ and so he deyde/ But certes whether be deyde this way/ or that other/ Certainly he deyde/ and was buried at langley/ God have mercy on his soul/ Amen/ ¶ And thenne was king Harry peasyly king/ ¶ Thenne he fond in king Rychardes' tresorye nine honderde thousand nobles without jewellys and vessels. which was as moche worth or more/ And their was founden in the tresorers' keeping of England an honderde and fifty thousand nobles/ and jewels and vessel as moche or more/ And thus king henry had all his goods/ Item This same year king harry sent hoome again king Rychardys wyf Queen Isabel unto the king of France her father/ and put her from her dowayre   

¶ Capitulum decimum  
IN the second year of king Harry the fourth Sire Rogyer of Claryngton knight and two of his men/ and the prior of launde with eight Frere mynours were drawn and hanged for treasonne/ In this year began a great debate in walies between the lord grey Rethyn and ewayn of Glyndor squire of wales/ This Ewayn's raised great number of walsshmen and kept the Country with strength and died moche harm. and destroyed the kings towns and lordships in walies Robbing and slaying the kings people which continued long time/ And took the lord Gray prisoner and made him to marye his daughter/ And held him still there with his wyf/ And son● after the lord Gray deyde/ Thenne king Harry with a great power went in to wales/ for to take and destroy the said Ewayn's/ but he and all his company fled to the montayns wher● the king might not hurt 'em for the montaynes/ And so the king returned and came again in to England for losing of his men/ ¶ In the same year was a great scarcete of wheat in englond/ a quarter was 〈◊〉 sixten shyllynges/ wherefore merchandise was sent in to normandy for wheat/ and from thennes came great plenty/ Also Sire william Sawtry priest was degraded of his priesthood/ About this time the Duc of Orleaunce sent an herald of Arms with lettres unto king Harry/ by which he challenged for to fight with him withynne lists at Bourdeux/ or in some other meetly place with an honderd gentlemen without reproach against as many gentle men without reproach/ Whereto the king answered again by lettres worshipfully/ rehearsing that at such time as it should please him/ he would come with such number as it appertaineth to a king/ and conquer his right/ At which time he should be answered atte full/ And so the matter finished ¶ In the thyrd● year was king henry wedded to dame jane Duchess of britain And they were married at wynchestre/ And fro thence she came to london/ And so forth to westmynstre/ And there she was crowned Queen/ In the same year was dame blanch oldest daughter to king harry wedded in Coleyn to the duke's son of bayer with great solemnity/ In the seventh year was seen a star that is called stella Comata/ and anon after was the battle of shrerewesbury on mary magdalens even in which battle was slain Sire Harry Percy/ and Sir thomas percy taken and kept two days/ and after he was hanged byheded and quartered and his heed set on london bridge/ And in this battle was the Prince shot in to the heed with an arrow/ And the Earl of Stafford was slain under the kings banner/ And many other lords knights squires and gentles were put to death in the said battle/ In the fourth year came the Emperor of Constantynople with many great lords and knights in to Englond to see the king/ the people/ and the Royamme/ and the Commodytees thereof/ The same year the lord Castel with a great multitude of Brytons & of normans landed a mile out of Plymouthe on saint Laurence day at after None and came in to the town on the bakhalf/ and there they abode all that day and all that night till it was on the morn ten of the Clock and Rob and despoylled all that was in the town/ and bore it away at her own will/ ¶ In the fifth year was a great battle on the see atte blackpole two mile out of dertmouth between Englysshmen & Brytons/ where thanked be God Englysshemen had the victory/ & there were take slain & drowned moo than five honderd gentles of Frensshe men and Brytons/ On whom the lord castle was pryncipal leder and Capitayne which there was taken and slain/ ¶ Also this same year william Serle/ the which was one of 'em that murdered the gooed duke of Gloucetre at Caleys was taken in the march of Scotlande/ and brought to london and there he was drawn/ hanged and byheded/ and his heed set on london bridge/ and his quarters set up in four good towns/ In the syxthe year was a justice in Smythfeld between the Earl of morryf in Scotland and Sire Edmond earl of kente upon a challenge made by th'earl of morryf to just certain courses of war with sharp speries on horsbak/ And the Earl of kente had the field/ and gate him there great worship/ This same year Syre Richard Scrope Archebisshop of york and the lord Monbraye that was earl marchal of Englond assembled great power against king harry/ And th'king met with hem and took hem/ and smote of both their heeds/ And soon after god showed and wrought many miracles for this worthy Clerk Arclebisshop of york/ that was so put to death/ In the seventh year the mayer of london johan wodecok and the comynalte died do break up all the weeries that were between medewey and kyngeston/ by cause they were set against the fraunchyse of the Cyte of london/ In the eight year of king henry dame lucye the duke's sister of Melayn come in to England/ and so forth to london/ and there was she ryally married to Sir Edmond holond Earl of kent in the pryory of saint marye overayes in southwerk/ ¶ The same year sir Robert knollies knight a great warryour in his time/ died do make the bridge at Rochestre and a chapel atte bridges foot/ the which Sire Robert deyde and lieth buried in the white Freres in Lond●n/ by his wyf dame constance/ ¶ In the same year Sir Thomas rampston knight constable of the tower of london was drowned at london bridge as he come fro westmynstre toward the tower in a barge/ ¶ The same year dame Phelyp the younger daughter of king henry was married to the king of Denmark/ In the same year a man that was called the walssh clerk appelled a knight called Sire Percyval of treasonne/ And they fought with in lists in Smythfeld/ where the knight scomfy●ed the Clerk/ and there the Clerk was despoylled of his armure/ and drawn out of the felled to Tyburn and there hanged In the same year Sir henry Percy earl of northumberlond and the lord bardolf coming out of Scotland together with a great company were taken by them of the north that fought with them and smote of their heeds and brought 'em to london/ and set hem on london bridge/ ¶ In the/ ix/ year was Sire Edmond earl of kente made Ameral of the see/ which kept the see worthily with many Ryall ships/ And atte last he londed at the Costs of Brytayne in the isle of Bryak/ and besyeged the castle/ and sawted it/ and with a quarrel he was slain/ but never theles the Castel was gotten/ And then his main come home again with thearls body which was buried with his Anncestryes worshipfully/ ¶ Also this same year was a great Frost that dured fifteen wekys/ which frost destroyed for the most part all the small birds/   

¶ Capitulum xi  
This year Louis Duc of Orleauns was slain meschevously at Paris atte Commandment of the duke of Burgoyne/ For it was so that the duke of Orleaunce had been to visit the Queen/ And as he returned to his Inneward/ certain personne ordained by the said duke of Burgoyne say in a wait/ and fill on him and slew him cruelly smiting the brain out of his heed/ And one of his gentlemen was slain with him/ wherefore on the morn was a great counsel/ And the ya●es of Paris were closed/ And all the great lords thenne being at Paris were assembled/ Among whom was the said duke that commysed this murdre/ and there was given straight commandment to the Provost of Paris that he should make straight search to know who had commised this great murdre/ For as soon as the murdres had slain the duke/ they set an house a fire/ And while the people came for to staunch the fire/ they had their horses ready/ and so escaped and rood in to flaundries/ And on the next day when all the lords were reassembled there was moche axing and searching. who might do this murdre/ Thenne the said Duc of Burgoyne stood up and said that he himself had do put him to death for certain causes which he would justyfye/ and forthwith he departed out of the counsel and went to his lodging/ and took his horse with a privy many/ and road straight to lyle/ and after came all his other meinie/ and so departed he from parys/ Whereupon after came the duchess of Orleaunce his wyf the Duke's daughter of Melan with her sons/ and her oldest sons wyf sister to the king/ which had been to fore queen of England king Rychardys wyf/ and required humbly justice of the king/ which thenne was in good he'll/ and sat in the chair of justice/ To whom the king said that he would do justice on them that commysed that horrible crysme on his seul and only brother/ And that they should verily know it in all hast possible/ Thenne after this the duke of Bargoyn made requests that he might come to fore the king and his counsel for to justyfye the death of the duke of Orleance/ which was granted/ and so came with a great Army in to Paris/ And there to fore the Dolphyn and all the counseylle of the kings in plain parlemente by a doctor of divinity called master johan Petyte/ he made his justification/ And after at another day assigned the duchess of Orleaunce died by another doctoure of divinity make a replication/ And so that matter ●enge long/ which matter was occasion of infinite sorrow in the Royamme of France/ ¶ About this time the counseylle of Pyse was/ in which was bygonne the manner to make unyon in the church/ but ● it prevailed not/ ¶ In the tenth year came the Seneschal of henawd wtth many other gentle men in to Englond for to do arms and to g●ete honour and worship/ The Seneschal challenged th'earl of Somersete And th'earl delivered him manly of his chalengys' and wan thonour o● the field./ The next day after came in to the field another man of the Seneschallys party/ & against him came Sire Richard of a rondele knight/ And the Henewer had the better of him for he brought him on his knees ¶ The thyrdde day came in another And again him came Sire johan Cornewayle knight and manly quytte him in the field and had the better of his adversary ¶ On the fourth day came in to the felled another Henewer And against him came Sire johan Cheynco son/ and he cast ●oune horse & man/ And therefore the king dubbed him knight ¶ The fifth day came in another Henewer/ And to him came Sire johan Styward knight/ which quytte him manly and had the better/ ¶ The Syxthe day came another Henewer/ And to him came william Porter Squyer/ And he had the better of the Henewer/ and the king dubbed him knight ¶ The seventh day came in another Henewer/ And to him came john standysshe Squyer/ and he had the better/ and the king dubbed him knight/ ¶ The same day came another Henewer And to him came a squire of Gascoigne/ which had the better/ and was dubbed knight/ ¶ The eight day came in two Henewers/ And to hem came two Sowdyours of Calays/ that were brethren which had the better in the field/ And thus ended this Challenge with moche worship/ The king thenne fested the strangers ryally/ And at their departing yafe him Rich yefts/ and so they departed and went home/ ¶ In the eleventh year was a battle done in smythfelde between two squires/ One called Gloucetre/ And that other Arthure/ which well and manly fought together long time/ ¶ And the king for their manlynes took their quarrel in to his honde/ and made 'em go out of the field to guider atones/ ¶ And so they were divided of their battle/ And the king yave 'em grace/ This same year the Commons put up a bylle in the parliament to the king as for the temporalytres being in the hands of the spirituelte. but there was none answer given at that time/ For the king would be advised/ ¶ After Rupertus Sygismundus was elect and choose emperor this same year/ and was Emperor seven and twenty year/ ¶ This Sygysmundus was king of hongary which was a very Crysten and meek man/ also devout and holy/ and after thopinion of some persons worthy to be canonysed/ This was a special succour to holy church which he fond sore afflycte and desolate by the scysme/ but he by his marvelous wisdom and industry socoured it greatly/ For he spared not himself/ ne his unto the time that there was a very and full unyon in the church/ ¶ He had nine batataylles against the turks/ which he all gate triumphing/ what shall I say more/ but all the laud that hath be given to Constantyn/ Theodosio/ To Charles/ To Ottone/ and all other emperors worthy to be praised/ may surely be applied to this Sygysmunde/ he was crowned of Eugenye/ ¶ After this the Royamme of Boheme was a great pa●te destroyed by Sygismunde/ and the princes of Almaigne for the heresy of the hussytes/ And the pope gave out a Croysye against them/ A Croysye given by the pope is when he giveth plain Indulgence to them that make war against heathen men/ Turks or heretics/ or them that be not obedient to the church of Rome/ In the same year johan of badby a falls lollar and heretic was brent in Smythfeld/ which believed that the Sacrament was was not god's body/   

¶ Capitulum Duodecimum  
IN the twellyfth year of king Harry was taken a Squire of wales that had been a rebel and supporter of owen of glyndor and he was judged to death at london/ where he was drawn hanged & quartered. & his four quartres set up in four good towns/ and his heed on london bridge In the thirteenth year of his reign deyde Sire johan Beauford Earl of Somersete capitain of Calays/ And lieth buried in the Abbaye of the Tour hill/ The same year came the ambassatours of France from the duke of Burgoyne to the prince king henry's son for help and succour against the duke of Orleaunce/ Thenne went over/ The earl of Arondele/ the earl of kyme/ and the lord Cobham with many other knights/ and squires/ and had a great retenew against the duke of Orleaunce/ And at sayntelo beside Paris in France they met and had victory of the Frensshmen/ and of the Armynaks/ And the duke rewarded richly our Englyssh men and they come again/ ¶ Not long after the duke of Orleaunce sent Ambassatours to king Harry to have help and succour against the duke of Burgoyne. At which time the king made thomas his son duke of Clarence/ And johan his son duke of Bedford/ And his son umfrey Duke of Gloucetre/ Syre thomas beauford earl of Dorsete/ And the duke of Anmarle he made Duck of york/ ¶ Thenne he ordained the Duc of Clarence/ and the Earl of Dorsete/ and Sire johan cornewayle with a great retenue to pass over in to France to help and strength the duck of Orleaunce/ and then the lords with their retenue sailed in to normandye/ And at their landing met●e against hem the lord ham●o with seven thousand men of Arms of Frensshemen/ which were put to flight/ and taken of 'em seven honderd men of Arms of Frensshmen/ and took many prysonners/ And so they road forth through France taking Castles and towns/ and slew moche people of frensshmen and took many prysonners/ and so passed forth till they come to Bourdeux/ there resting them a while/ And set the counray in peace and rest/ and then come hoome again/ In this year the Coin was lighted both of Gold and of silver/ and weighed lass sin than it died before/ ¶ In the/ xiv year of the reign of king harry there were made galeys of war for the king purposed to have passed the see/ and so forth unto jerusalem/ but god visited him with great and fervent Infyrmytees/ and on a day he was brought to saint Edward Shr●n to make his offering and to take his leave/ And there being he became so seek that they were about him supposed he should have died there/ & thenne they took & bore him in to the abbots place in to a fair large chambre/ and laid him upon a Paylet to fore the fyre· And when he was comen to himself again/ and wist not where he was/ he asked of his Chamberlain where he was/ and how the Chambre was called that he was Inn/ And he told him that he was in thabbots place/ and that the chamber was named jerusalem/ ¶ Thenne he said that his time was come. and that it was prophesied of him/ that he should die in jerusalem/ and there disposed him to godward and made him ready/ & son after deyde in the same chambre/ On whose soul god have mercy Amen/ ¶ Thenne was the body carried from thennes in a barge by water to Feversham/ And from thennes to Caunterbury by land/ & there by saint thomas shrine in Cristies church he is buried/ Thus ended king harry the fourth about mydlente sondaye in the year of our lord/ a thousand four honderd and twelve   

Capitulum xiij  
AFter king Harry the fourth reigned harry his son born at monmouthe in walies/ This Harry which was the fifth harry after the Conquest was a noble and wise man/ For after his father's death when he had take upon him to be king/ he changed all his Conditions and was suddenly changed and left all his old wild manners and charged all them/ that had been conversant in his wild living that they should avoid his presence and come no more therynne/  
This man died many greet things in his days/ and reigned not fully ten year/ For in the tenth year of his reign and six & thyrtty year of his age he deyde/ and is buried worshipfully at westmynstre/ In his first year anon after he was crowned/ which was the ninth day of Apryll/ He sent to the freres at langley where the body of king Richard the second was buried and let the body take out of thearth again and died do bring it to westmynstre in a Ryal char covered with black velvet and banners of diverse arms about/ And all the horses in the char were covered with blac/ and beaten with diverse Arms/ and many a torch brenning by the chaar till they came to westmynstre/ And there he let make a ryall terment and buried him by queen Anne his wyf as his desire was/ About whose sepulchre there stand four great tapers contynuelly brenning/ And one day in the week perpetuelly he hath a Dirige with nine lessons And on the morn a mass/ both by note solemnly on which day is given also wekely in pens to pour people eleven schyllynges/ & viij d/ all ordained by this king upon great pain/ And on the day of his annyversary is yerly given twenty pond in pens to pour people/ ¶ Also this king ordained by his life and founded the chartrous at Shene/ And the house of Zion of saint Brygyttes ordre/ And died moche good to the newerke at westmynstre where he lieth buried/ and ordained three masses perpetuelly to be sungen over him daily/ & also certain lights daily to brenne at high mass and at evensong/ & twenty pound to be deled in pens yerly at his anniversary/ All this ordained he by his live beside all his war in France and other greet acts/ On whose soul Jesus' have mercy Amen/ ¶ Also in this first year Sire johan old Castle lord Cobh●m was take and dampened for an heretic by all holy church and commyted to the tour· and from thennes he broke prysonne/ and escaped/ And anon after he and his Complyses conspyreden the kings death and his brethren/ and also the destruction of holy chirche· For they had purposed to have assembled by night in saint gyles field for tachyevyd their evil purpose/ But blessed be God the king and lords had knowleche of their intent/ and took the field to fore them/ and awaited on their coming and took many preestes/ clerkys/ and other lewd men that were of their sect fro all the parties of Englond/ weening to have founden their Capitayne there Sire johan old castle/ but they were deceived ¶ For there were take many of them/ and nine and thyrtty were hanged on one day upon a new payr gallows new made fast by the same field by the high way/ And seven of the gretteste heretics were brent hanging on the gallows/ And anon Sire Rgoyer Acton knight was taken draw and hanged upon the same gallows for the same cause/ ¶ In the second year of his reign byganne the general counseylle at Counstaunce for the unyon of holy church/ and for to depose them that were Scysmatykes/ and to choose one very heed and undubytate pope/ Also the same year johan Claydon skynnar and Richard baker of lombardstrete were brent in Smythfelde for heresy/ Also this same year by thadnies of his counsel the king sent lettres unto the king of France that he should rendre & deliver to him his inheritance/ which his predecessors had held and had to fore him. or else he would do his devoir to great it by the help of god and of his subjects with the sword/ To whom it was answered that the king was over young and tender of age to use the war against hem and in derision sent to him a ton full of Tenyse balls to play with ● And when the king understood his answer/ anon he let do ca I'll a counseylle/ and there showed them thismater/ matter/ ¶ And there it was concluded by the said counseylle and in especial by the spiritu●●te that h● should go and great normandye/ and they would help him to their power/ It is said that the spyritualte f●red sore/ that if he had not had to do without the land/ that he would have laboured for to have taken fro the church the temporel possessions/ And therefore they concluded among 'em self that they should stir him for to go and make war over see in France/ for to conquer his ryghtful inheritance/ And so it was concluded and acorded that the king and lords with all their power should meet at Southampton at lammasse next after/ And so the eyghtenth day of juyn the king rood through london with all his host ryally toward Southampton/ And there being ready for to pass and all his lords assembled There was taken and arrested for high treasonne Sire Richard earl of Cambrydge brother to the duke of york/ the lord Sccope Tresorer of englond/ and Sire thomas grey knight/ which should imagine the kings death/ For which cause they were judged and dampened to death/ And there the nine and twentyest day of juyll they were byheded/ And then the king and all the lords with their armee took the see with fyften honderd say●●ys/ and arrived at kydkaws in normandy/ And fro thennes went and laid siege to harflete by land and by water/ And laid his ordinance to the town/ And the two and twentyest day of September the toune· was given over to him/ Thenne ordained he there capitain his uncle the Earl of Dorsete/ and put out the Frensshmen/ and stuffed it with englisshmen/ ¶ Thenne the king sent in to Englond/ and let cry in every good town that what crafty man would come thither for to dwell and enhabyte the town there should have house and household to him and his heirs for evermore/ Thenne come thither many crafts men/ and enhabyte them there/ ¶ The king saying the town well stuffed with vytaylle and men/ he passed forth by land toward Calays/ Thenne the Frensshmen hearing of his coming broke the bridges that he should not come over the river of Some/. ¶ Thenne the king went so far upward/ that he gate over and came in to Pycardye/ ¶ And thenne were the Frensshmen at Agyncourt Rolandcourt and blangy with all the Ryal power of France/ except the duke of Burgoyne which would not come thither/ ne suffer his son the lord charoyles to come thither/ ¶ And when the king saw that h● might not pass/ he took hi● field with such people as he had/ which were not passing seven thousand fighting men And the most part of hem were seek of the flyxe/ and the yemanry had their hosen teruen or bound bynethe the knee having long jackys·s But every man had a good bow a sheef arowies. and a sword ¶ Thenne he set his field/ and set the duke of york in the vauntward/ And ordained in the night to fore the battle that each man should make a stake sharp on both thends and pitch it a slope in the ground to fore him/ And so on the morn he had his confessor that made 'em to say a general confession/ and gaf them general absolution/ And then the king rood through the field and comforted 'em promising to them that he would rather die that day than yield him/ And then every man took good heart and courage And so abode the coming of Frensshmen. whom they received on her stakys stombling and falling done horse and man/ In such wise that our men shot on 'em/ and so fought that through the grace of god the victory abode with the king/ and the Frensshmen overthrown/ and were slain of them eleven thousand and moo/ And many great lords and gentles take prysonners/ And when the king had thus gotten the Field/ tidings came that there was coming a new battle of Frensshmen towards him/ And thenne he died do cry and commanded that every man should slay his prysonners And when the duke of Orleaunce heard that/ and other greet lords/ they sent word to the Frensshmen/ that if they came on they should be slain/ And then the Frensshmen for salvation of the prysonners lives withdrew them/ And so the king had and kept the field/ and wan the worship of the battle/ ¶ And there were slain in the field three Dukes/ Nine Erlys'/ And Baron's nigh an honderde/ and gentlemen in  armour/ xlv/ C/ ¶ And of the Englyss●e party the Duc of york/ and th'earl of Suffolk and not twenty personnes moo blessed be god/ the duke of Braban was taken a live/ but when the king commanded that every man should slay his prysoner· he was slain/ on whose soul and all other god have mercy Amen/ Thus by the help of almighty God the king of Englond with seven/ M/ Englysshmen won the felled upon the Frensshmen which were numbered moo than four score thousand men with all the ryall lords of France except the king and Dolphyn/ Andrea when all was done the king demanded the herowdes the name of the next place to the field/ And they answered Agyncourt/ Thenne said he we will that the battle be called and named the battle of Agyncourt/ ¶ Thenne the king keeping the field with his host all night after on the morn departed toward caleys with his prysonners. That is to weet the Duck of Orleaunce/ The Duck of Borbon/ the earls of Ewe and of vendon/ Burcicaught the marchal of France with many other lords and Gentle men/ whom he brought all in to England with him where he was received in every place worshipfully with all the honour joy and solemnity that might be/ And the four and twentyeste day of November the king came to london/ and it is to weet that every Englisshman that had been in that battle gate good prisoners or good jewels For the Frensshmen were Richly and costlew arrayed/ whereof our peuple had good pyllage/   

¶ Capitulum 14  
IN the thyrdde year of his reign the emperor of Almaigne Sygysmund came in to England/ and was received worworshipfully at dover kine the duke of gloucetre/ And the Cyte of london/ as the mayer Aldermen and all the crafts in the most best wise received him at blackheth/ the seventh day of may/ And at saint thomas watering the king himself with his lordies met him and welcomed him in the most goodliest wise/ And took him by the honde/ and· rood forth with him through the Cite and offrid at powlis/ and thenne road forth unto westmestre/ where the king lodged him in his own palace/ And there abode a great while at the kings cost/  
Thenne come the Duc of Holonde in to England/ whom the king resseived worshipfully/ and lodged him in the Bishop of Elyes place in holborn/ when the Emperor had seen the manere of this land and the commodytees thereof/ he was elect and choose to be a brother of the garter/ which he took and received gladly/ and ware it ever after/ ¶ And thenne the king brought him to Calays/ And thither came to him the duke of Burgoyne for to do homage to themperour for the count of alst in Flaundres/ whom the king received worshipfully/ And thenne after themperour took leave of the king/ and departed/ and so each took leave of other and the king returned again in to Englond/ And the Emperor went to Zierixsee in Zealand/ and thenne unto Dordrecht in holonde· ¶ In the fourth year the duke of Bedford/ th'earl of march and other certain lords with their retenue fought on the see against seven Carryks of gene/ and fifty other vessels as hulks barges/ galeys and galyetis/ Of whom were taken three great carryks with the patrons. and drowned a great hulk called the black hulk of flaundres. And the remnant fled aweye and this was done on our lady day Assumption/ Also this year at a parliament held at westmynstre was granted to the king an hoole fyftenthe/ and a dyme to maintain with his warrys/ And this year the king sailed with all his retenewe over see in to normandye again/ And londed on lammas day at Took/ And there at landing the king made eight and forty knights/ And anon the king wan the Town of Took and the Castel without struck/ and he made Sire johan kygley capitain thereof/ And then the king sent th'earl marchal unto lovers which they sawted/ And anon it was yolden/ And th'earl brought the keys to the king. and the king delivered him the keys again/ and made him Capytayn of lovers/ Thenne the king went to Cane/ and besyeged it/ and with a sawte entered the town and gate it/ but the Castel held/ and the capitain desired respite of fourten days for tabyde rescows/ and if none came than to deliver it/ The king granted it him and under the same apooyntement was the Cyte of bayows with other towns and fortresses unto the number of fourteen/ upon the hill to fore the Castel of Cane the king pight all his tents and pavilions which seemed a town as moche as Cane ¶ And when tidings came that no rescowes' would come/ at fourten days end the capitain delivered the keys and Castel unto the king/  
And in like wise was bayons with other fourteen towns delivered also/ Of which towns and castles the king made the duke of Clarence captain and governor/ In can the king heelde his feast of saint George/ where he made fifteen knights of the bath. ¶ And thenne oer he departed he gate valleys and sent the duke of gloucetre to Chyrburgh for to geete it/ which he besyeged and lay long there/ And thus the king sent to diverse towns/ and gate daily many towns/ in so moche that he gate all the towns Castles/ piles/ strengths and abbeys unto pount Alarche and fro thence to Rouen/ About this time yet continued the counseylle of constance In which was ended the scysme of forty year/ and there was dampened the heresies/ and two heretyks that is to weet johanhus and Iherome were brent/ And many good things instituted and ordained/ there was determined decreed by the holy synod that the counsel lanfully gathered and assembled representing the church hath universal power inmedyatly of Cryst To whom every astate as well the papal astate as other is bound and hold to obey in though things that toucheth the general reformation of the church that is to weet in faith and manners all well in the heed as in the membrys/ Item that from thenne forth on should alway the general counseyl be held fro ten year to ten year. ¶ In this counsel was choose for to be pope Martin/ which was martinu s quintu s/ and was pope fourten year/ And there was the unyon which was desired long y had for the defence of the faith/ This was a mighty Pope above all other/ Ryche· and a man of great justice/ he held the streets and high ways sewrly and in peace/ He destroyed heretyks/ he died many good things by help of the noble Emperor Sygysmunde/ ¶ And for to recover the holy land/ he gathered moche treasure/ but by death that came upon him/ it was let/ And a little to fore his death ordained a general counsel to be assemblid in Basyle/ In the fifth year of the Regne of king harry the fifth Sire johan old castle lord Cobham was taken and convycte by the clergy for heresy/ and dampened to fore the temporal judges for tresonne/ And so he was drawn and hanged in saint gyles field upon a new payr of galows with a chain of iron/ and under the galewes was made a great fire which brent gallows and all/ ¶ In the syxthe year the king besyeged the Cyte of Rouen/ which endured half year and more And atte last the Cyte being in great famine put out moche people as women and children which deyde for hunger. moo than thyrtty thousand/ & also seeing that no rescowse came appointed with the king & gaf over the toun unto him which he received And anon after that Rouen was gotten deep and many other towns in baas normandye gaf them over without struck or siege when they understood that the king had gotten Rouen/   

¶ Capitulum xv  
AAlso this same year had been a peace made and sworn between the duke of burgoyne and the dolphyn/ which were sworn upon our lords body that they should love and assist each other against their enemies/ And after this contrary to this oath/ the Duc johan of Burgoyne was slain and pytously murdered in the presence of the dolphyn/ wherefore the Frensshemen were greatly divided and of very necessity laboured to have a traytye with the king of Englond/ For the king of englond wan daily on them towns Castles and fortresses/ Also this same year was Queen jane arrested and brought to the castle of ledys in kente/ And one Frere Randolf a doctor of divynyte her confessor which afterward was slain by the person of the tower falling at words and debate/ And afterward Queen jane was delivered ¶ In the seventh year both kings of France and of englond were acorded/ and king harry was made heir and regent of France/ And wedded dame kateryne the kings daughter of France atte Troy's in Champayne on trinity sondaye/ And this was made by the mean of phelyp newly made duke of Burgoyne/ which was sworn to king harry/ And for tanenge his father's death he was become englysshe/ And then the king with his new wyf went to parys. where he was ryally received/ And from thence he with his lords and the duke of Burgoyne and many other lords of france laid siege to diverse towns and Castles that hold of the dolphins party/ & won them/ but the town of melun held long/ for therein were good defenders/ In the viij year the king and the queen came over see & londed on candelmasse by the morrow at dover/ & the xiv day of feverer the king came to london/ & the xxj day of the same month the queen came/ & the xxiv day of the same she was crowned at westmestre/ Also the same year anon after easter the king held a parliament at westmestre/ at which parliament it was ordained that the gold in Englysshe coin should be weighed and none received but by weight/ And anon after whitsontyde the king sailed to Caleys. and passed so forth in to France/ And in march the two and twentyest day before the king came over/ the duke of Clarence was slain in France/ and diverse other lords taken prisoners as the earl of huntyngdon the earl of Somersete with diverse other And all was by cause they would not take with hem Archers/ But thought to have do with the Frensshmen themself without them/ And yet when he was slain tharchers came and rescowed the body of the duke which they would have carried with them. God have mercy on his soul/ he was a valiant man. And the same year between Crystemasse and Candelmas●e the town of melun was yolden to the king/ ¶ In the ninth year on saint nycholas day in december was born harry the kings first begotten son at wyndesore/ whose god faders at fou●stone was harry. bishop of wynchestre. and johan duke of bedforde/ And the duchess of holond was godmoder/ and harry chychely archebisshop of Caunterbury was prayer at conferming And in the tenth year the Cyte of mews in brye was gotten/ which had been long besyeged/ And this same year the Queen shipped at hampton/ And sailed over to the king in France/ where she was worshipfully received of the king/ and also of the king of France her father and of her mother/ and thus king Harry won fast in France and held great astate/ and sat ardyner at a great fist in parys crowned & the queen also/ which had not been seen to fore/ and all people resorted unto his court/ But as to the king of France he held none astate ne rule/ but was left all most alone// ¶ Also this year the whether cock was set upon powlus steeple at london/ ¶ And this year in the month of August king Harry w●xe seek at Boys de vyncent/ And when he saw he should die/ he made his testament. and ordeygned many things nobly for his soul/ and devoutly received all the rights of holy church/ in so farforth that when he was enoynted he said the service with the priest/ and when the verse of the Psalm/ Miserere mei deus/ etc/ that was Benign fac domine in bona voluntate tua zion ut edificentur muri Ierlm was said/ he bade tarry there and said thus O good lord thou knowest that mynentent hath been and yet is if I might live to reedefye the walls of Ierlm/ and then the priest proceeded forth and made an end/ And anon after this most noble prince and vyctoryous king flower in his time of Crysten chivalry/ whom all the world doubted gaf his soul in to the hands of God/ & deyde & made an end of his natural life at said Boys de vyncent beside parys/ the six and thyrttyest year of his age/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen/ Thenne was the body enbamed and cered and laid in a ryall chare/ and an image like unto him was laid upon the Corpse open with divers banners and horse covered richly with tharms of England and France/ And also the old arms/ as saint Edwardys/ saint edmonds and other with great multitude of torches/ with whom went the king of Scotlande and many other lords which accompanied the body till it came unto westmynstre by london in England/ And in every town by the way he had solemnly his dirige/ at even and mass on the morn/ and moche Alms was given to pour people/ And the seventh day of Nouembre after/ the Corpse was brought through london with great reverence and solemnity unto the monastery of westmynstre/ where as he now rests/ On whose tomb is a Rich image like himself of Silver and guilt/ where he is daily remembrid and prayed fore/ On whose soul and all Crysten god have mercy Amen/   

¶ Capitulum xuj  
HEre is to be noted/ that this king Harry the fifth was a moche noble prince after he was king and crowned/ How be it tofore in his yongthe he had been wild/ reckless/ and spared no thing of his lusts ne desires/ but accomplisshid them after his liking/ But as soon as he was crowned/ enoynted and sacred/ anon suddenly he was changed in to a new man/ and set all his intent to live virtuously in mayntening of holy church destroying of heretics/ keeping justice/ and defending his Royamme and subgettis/ And for as moche as his father had deposed by his labour the good king Richard And pytously made him to die/ And for th'offence do to him against his lyegeaunce/ he had sent to Rome to be assoylled thereof/ For which offence the pope our holy father enjoined him to make him be prayed fore perpetuelly/ and like as he had done to be taken from him his naturell life/ therefore he should do found four tapers to brenne perpetuelly about his body/ that for the extynction of his bodily life/ his soul may ever be remembered and live in heaven in spyrytuel life/ And also that he should every week on the day as it cometh about of his death have a solemn mass of Requiem/ and on the even to fore a dirige with nine lessons/ and a dole to pour people alway on that day of eleven schyllynges eight pens to be dealed penny meal. And once in the year at his anniversary his terment to be held in the most honest wise and to be deled that day twenty 〈◊〉/ in pens to pour people/ and to every monk to have twenty schillynges which all these things performed this noble king for his father/ For king harry the fourth his father performed it not during his life/ whom as it is said god touched and was a lepre oer he deyde/ ¶ Also thenne this noble Prince l●●te do call all thabbots and pryours of saint Benet's order in Englond/ & had them in the Chapytre house of westmynstre for the reformation of thordre/ wherynne he had comynycacian/ and also with bishops & men of the spyritualte/ In so farforth/ that they doubted sore that he would have had the temporaltees out of their hands/ wherefore by thaduis labour and procuring of the spyrytualte encouraged the king to challenge normandy and his right that he had in France/ to th'end to set him a work there that he should not seek occasions to entre in to such matters/ And so all his life after he laboured in the warrys in conquering great part of the Royamme of France/ that by thagreement of the king charlies had all the governance of the Royamme of France/ And was proclaimed Regent and heir of France/ And so not withstanding all this great war that he had yet he remembered his soul/ and also that he was mortal and must die/ For which he ordained by his life the place of his sepulchre/ where he is now buried and every day three masses perpetuelly to be sungen in a fair chapel over his sepulchre/ Of which the myddel mass and the first and the last mass shall be as it is assigned by him as it appeareth by these verses following/ 
¶ Henrici miss quinti sunt hic tabulate  
Que successive sunt per monachos celebrated/  
Die dmca ¶ Prima sit assumpte de festo virgins alme/  
Poscit postremam. Cristus de morte resurgens/  
Prima salutate/ de festo virgins extat/  
Feria ij Nunciat angelicis/ laudem postrema choreis/  
Esse deum natum/ de virgine prima fatetur/  
Feria 3 Comemorat natam/ sic ultima missa mariam/  
Prima celebretur/ ad honorem neupmatis almi  
Feria 4 Vltima conceptam/ denunciat esse mariam  
Semper prima coli/ debet de corpore cristi  
Feria 5 Vltima sit fata/ de virgine purificata/  
Condecet ut prima/ celebretur de cruce sancta  
Feria 6 Atque salutate/ fiet postrema marry/  
Omnes ad sanctos est prima col●nda supernos/  
Sabbato Vltima de requie pro defunctis petit esse  
Semper erit media de proprietate dei/  And yet this noble king harry the fifth founded two houses of Religion/ One called Zion beside braynford of the order of saint Brygytte both of men and women/ And on that other side of the river of Tamyse an house of monks of the chartrehous in which two places/ he is contynnelly prayed fore night and day/ For ever when they of Zion rest/ they of the chartrehous done their service/ And in like wise when they of the chartrous rest the other goon to/ and by the rynging of the bells of either place/ each knoweth when they end their service which been nobly endowed. and done daily there great alms deeds/ as in the chartrehous certain children been found to school and at Zion certain alms given daily/ And yet beside all this he hath founded a recluse which shall be alway a priest to pray for him by the said chartrehous/ which priest is well & sufficiently endowed for him and a servant/ Loo/ Here may all princes take ensample by this noble prince that regning so little time not fully x year/ did so many noble acts/ as well for his soul to be perpetuelly remembered & prayed fore. as in his worldly conquests/ and he being in his most lusty age despised and eschewed sin/ and was virtuous and a great justyser In so moche that all the princes of Crystendom dread him/ & also of hethenes'/ And had determined in himself if god would have spared him that he would have warrayed again the Sarazens/ and for to know the aid of other princes & all the passages in that journey he sent a knight of henawd named sir hugh de lanoye unto Ierlm/ but oer he returned he died at boys du vincent in the/ xxxuj/ year of his age/ on whose soul god have mercy  
How king harry the sixth reigned being a child not one year of age/ and of the battle of vernoyl in perch/   

¶ Capitulum 17  
AFter king harry the fifth reigned harry his son a I'll/ de and not fully a year old/ whose reign began the first day of september/ the year of our lord a thousand four honderd and two and twenty/ This king being in his Cradel was moche doubted and dread by cause of the great Conquest of his father and also the wisdom and guiding of his uncles the duck of bedford and the duke of gloucetre/ This year the xxj day of Octobre deyde charles king of France/ and lieth buried at saint denies/ and thenne was the duke of Bedford made regent of france And the duke of gloucetre was made protector and defender of Englond/ And the first day of march after was Sir wylliam Tayllour priest degraded of his preesthode/ and on the morn after he was brent in Smythfeld for heresy/ ¶ This year Sire james styward king of scots married dame jane the duchess daughter of Clarence of her first husband th'earl of Somersete at saint marry overays ¶ Also this year the seventeenth day of august was the battle of vernayl in perch between the duke of Bedford regent of France and the Duc of alaunson which was a greet battle/ The duke of Bedford had on his side with him th'earl of Salesbury Mountagu the lord talbotte and all the power that they could make in normandy the garnysons kept/ And also many Capytayns with moche people of the duke of Burgoyns/ And on that other side was the Duc of Alaunson/ the duke of Turon that was th'earl douglas/ th'earl of Bougham with many lords of france/ and greet company of Scots and armynakes/ And then th'earl douglas called the duke of Bedford johan with the leaden sword/ and he sent him word again that he should find that day that his sword was of steel/ And so the battle joined on both sides and fought long that there wist no man who should have the beter a great while/ but at last as god would the victory fill on thenglysshe party/ For there were slain th'earl douglas which a little before was made duke of Turone/ th'earl of Bowhayn. th'earl of Almarre/ the earl of Tonnar/ th'earl of vauntedore· and the vysecounte of nerbonne which was one of them that slew duke johan of burgoyne kneeling to fore the dolphyn and many more unto the number of ten thousand and moo/ And there was taken prysonner the duke of alaunson and many other lords and gentles of France/ but Scots that day were slain down right the substance of them all/ In the third year of king harry the sixth/ the duke of gloucetre married the duchess of Holond and went over see with her in to henawde for to take possession of his wives inheritance/ where he was honourably received and taken for lord of the land/ But soon after he was fain to return hoome again/ and left his wyf and his treasure that he brought with him in a town called mounse in henawd/ which promised for to be true to him/ Not withstanding they deliverde the lady to the duke of Burgoyne/ which sent her to gaunt/ And from thence she escaped in a man's array/ and came in to Zealand to a town of her own called Zierixee/ And from thence she went to a Town in holond called the Ghowde. and there she was strong enough and wythstode the said Duc of burgoyne/ and son after this the duke of gloucetre sent over in to Zealand the lord fytzwater with certain men of war and Archers for to help and succour the said duchess of holond/ which londed at a place in Zealand called Brewers haven/ where the lords of the country came down and fought with him/ and in conclusion was fain to withdraw him and his main to the see again/ but yet he slew and hurt divers lords and moche people of the country/ And so returned home again and prevailed no thing  
Also this same year th'earl of Salysbury/ th'earl of Suffolk the lord wylby/ and the lord scalys with their retenue/ laid siege to the Cyte of mauns/ the which Cyte was yolden to them in short time with many other strong towns and Castles to the number of six and thyrtty/ ¶ This time all normandye and a great part of France unto Orleance was under thobeisance of the king of Englond/ And all the remnant of France was in great tribulation and meschyef/   

¶ Capitulum xviij  
IN the fourth year the same night that the mayer of london johan Coventre had taken his charge was a great watch in london for affray that was between the bishop of wynchestre/ and the duke of gloucestre protector/ For the mayer with the people of the Cyte would abide by the duke of gloucetre as protectoure of the Royamme/ but by labour of lords that went between/ And in especial by the labour of the prince of Portyngale there was appointment taken that there was no harm done And after the battle of vernoyll in perch the Duc of Bedforde came over in to Englond/ And on whitson●aye this year at leyceter he dubbed king harry knight/ And forthwith the said harry dubbed all these knights/ whose names follow/ that is to weet Richard duke of york/ Also the son and heir of the duke of norfolk/ th'earl of Oxenford/ th'earl of westmerlond/ the son and heir of th'earl of northumberlond/ the son and heir of th'earl of urmond/ The lord Roes/ Sir james buteler/ the lord matravas/ Sir harry grey of Tankeruyle/ Sir william neuyl lord Fauconbrydge/ Sir george neuyl lord latymer/ the lord wellx the lord barkley/ the son and heir of the lord Talbot/ Sir Rauf grey of werk/ Sir Robert veer/ Sir Richard grey/ Sir Edmond hongerford/ Sir Robert Wynkefeld/ Syre johan boteller/ Sir Raynold Cobham/ Sir johan passhely/ Sire thomas tunstal/ Sir johan Chydyock/ Syre Rauf Langford/ Syre william drury/ Sire william apthomas/ Sire Richard Carbonel/ Syre Richard wydevyle/ Sire johan shyrdelowe/ Sir nychol blonket/ Sire Rauf ratteclyf/ Sire Edmond trafford/ Sire william Chain/ Sire william Babyngton· Sire johan june/ Sir gilbert beauchamp/ ¶ Item/ In the fifth year the duke of Bedford with the duchess his wyf went over see to Calays/ And a little tofore went over harry Bishop of wynchestre/ And on our lady day Annunciation in our lady church at Calays the Bishop of wynchestre when he had song mass was made Cardynal/ And he kneeling to fore the high auter the duke of Bedford set the hat on his heed. and there were his bulls red as well of his charge as the rejoicing of his benefices spirituel and temporel/ Also this year was greet abundance of Rain/ that the substance of hay and Corn was destroyed/ For it rained almost every other day/ ¶ This year the good earl of Salesbury Syre thomas montagu laid siege unto Orleaunce/ At which siege he was slain with a gone/ which came out of the town/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen/ For sith that he was slain Englisshmen never gate ne prevailed in France/ but ever after began to lose little and little till all was lost/ ¶ Also this same year a breton murdered a good widow in her bed without Algate/ which widow fond him for alms/ And he bore away all that she had/ And after this he took the gryth of holy church at saint George's in southwerke/ and there took the Cross and forswore this land/ And as he went it happened that he came by the place where he died this cursed deed in the subarbies of london/ And the women of the same paryssh came out with stones & canel dung and slew and made an end of him/ Notwithstanding the Constable s and many other men being there present to keep him/ For there were many women· and had no pity/ Also this year the duck of norfolk with many gentlemen and yeomen took his barge the eight day of November at saint marry overayes for to have goon through london bridge/ and through misguiding of the barge/ it overthrew on the piles/ and many men drowned/ but the duke himself with two or three leepe upon the piles/ and so were saved with help of men that were above the bridge/ which cast down Ropes/ by which they saved 'em self/ ¶ This year on saint leonards day king harry being seven year of age was crowned at westmynstre/ at whose Coronation were made six and thyrtty knights/  
This year on saint george's day he passed over see to Calays toward France/ About this time and afore the Royamme being in great misery and trybulacion· the dolphyn with his party began to make war and gete certain places/ and make destrusses upon Englysshmen/ by the mean of his capitains/ that is to wete lafoy here and poton de sentraylles/ And in especial a maid/ which they named lafoy pucelle de dieu/ this maid rood like a man/ and was a valiant capitain among them and took upon her many and great enterprises in so moche that they had a believe to have recovered all their losses by her/ Notwithstanding at last after many great feats by help and prowess of sir johan luxemburgh which was a noble capitain of the dukes/ of Burgoyne/ and many Englysshmen pycardies and bourgoygnons which were of our party/ before the town of Compyne the three and twentyest day of may the said pucelle was taken in the field armed like a man and many other capytayns with her/ And all brought to Rouen/ and there she was put in prysonne/ and there she was judged by the law to be brent/ And thenne she said that she was with child/ whereby she was respyted a while/ but in Conclusion it was found that she was not with child/ And thenne she was brent in Rouen/ And the other capitains were put to raunsonne/ and entreated as men of war been acustommed/ ¶ This same year about Candelmasse Richard bounden a wool packer was dampened for an heretic/ and brent atte tourhylle/ And about midlente Sir thomas baggely priest and vycary of mavenden in Estsex besides walden was disgrated and▪ dampened for an heretic/ and brent in Smythfeld. ¶ Also in this year while the king was in France/ theridamas were many heretics and lollars/ that had purposed to have made a rising/ and cast bills in many places·s but blessed be god the capitain of 'em was taken· whose name was william mandevyle a wevar of Abendon and bailie of the same town/ which named himself Jack sharp of wygmoryslonde in wales/ And afterward he was byheded at Abendon in the whitsonweke/ on the tewisdaye/  
¶ This year the seventh day of december king harry the syxthe was crowned king of France at parys in the church of our lady with great solemnity/ There being present the Cardynal of englonde/ the Duc of Bedforde/ and many other lords of france and of englonde/ And after this Coronation and great feast held at parys/ the king returned from thence to Rouen and so towanrde Calays/ And the ninth day of Feverer londed at dover/ whom all the Comyns of kente met at beramdoun/ between caunterbury and dover all in reed hoods/ And so came forth till he came to blackheth where he was met with the mayer johan wellx with all the crafties of london clad all in white/ And so they brought him to london the one and twentyest day of the same month/ This year was a restraint of the wollies at Calays made by the sowdyours/ by cause they were not paid of their wages/ wherefore the duke of Bedford regent of france being thenne captain came to Caleis the tewsday in the esterweke/ & on the morn after many sowdiours of the toun were arrested/ and put in ward/ And in the same week he rood to terewyn/ And by the mean of the bishop of Terewyn he wedded thearls daughter of saint paul/ and came again to Caleis/  
¶ And the enlevenst day of juin on saint bernabes day there were four● soudyours of Calays that were chief causers of the restraint byheded/ that is to weet johan maddeley/ johan lu●daye/ thomas palmer/ and thomas Talbot/ And an Cx/ banished the town that same time/ And before were banished sixe score soudyours/ And on mydsomer even after came the lord Regent and his wyf to london/   

¶ Capitulum 19  
About this time Pope Martin deyde/ And after him Eugenye the fourth was pope/ This was pesybly choose in Rome by the cardinals and was very and indubitate pope/ But shortly after he was put and expulsed out of Rome/ in such wise that he was fain to flee naked/ ¶ In this time was the counseylle of basyle/ to which counseylle he was cited to come/ and because he came not they deposed him/ but he wrought not ne set not thereby/ but gate the Cyte of Rome. and abode still pope seventeen year/ ¶ This year about Whitsuntide the Heretyks of praghe were destroyed/ For at two journeys were destroyed of them moo than two and twenty thousand with her Capytayns/ that is to weet Procapius/ Saplico/ and lupus presbyter/ ¶ Also there was taken a live master Pyers clerk an Englysshman and heretic/ Also this same year was a great frost and a strong during eleven weeks/ For it began on saint katheryns even/ and lasted unto saint Scolasticais day in Feverer in which time the vyntage that came from bordeux came over shoters hill/ This year was the counseyl of Aras and a greet traytye between the king of England and the Frensshe king/ where was assembled great many of lords of both parties/ At which counseylle was offered to the king of Englond many great things by the moyen of a legate that came from rome/ which was Cardynal of saint Cross/ which offres were refused by the Cardynal of Englond and other lords that were there for the king/ wherefore the duke of burgoyne which had been long Englysshe sworn forsook our party/ and returned Frensshe by the mean of the same legate/ and made a peace with the Frenssh king receiving of the king for recompensing of his father's death the count of pontieu/ the lordship of macon with moche other as is specyfyed in the said trayttye/ And so our ambassadors came hoome again in wers● caas than they went/ For they lost there the duke of Burgoyne/ which had been with his bourgonyons and pycardes a singular help in all the conquest of normandy and of France/ This same year was a great battle on the see between the Genoese and the king of Arragon/ of which battle the Genoese had the victory/ For they took the king of Arragon/ the king of Navern/ and the greet master of saint james in galyse with three honderd knights and squires and moche other people/ And this was on saint domynyks day· This year were seen three sons atones And anon followed the threfolde rule and governance in the church/ that is to weet/ of Eugenye/ of the counsel/ and of the neutralyte/ Also this same year 1434 was a passing great wind by which steeples houses and trees were overthrown/ About this time was an holy maid in holond called lydwith which lived long only by miracle not eting any meet/ This year the duke of burgoyne byganne his order at lyle of the golden flyes·s and ordeygned certain knights of thordre/ and made statutes and ordenaunces·s moche according unto thordre of the garter. Also this year the Frensshmen had enterprised to have stolen Calays in the fysshing time/ For many booties of France had sauf conduytes to come to Calays for to take beering/ And the soudyours of the town had a customme to come to the church and leave their stavys standing at the church door which stavys the Frensshmen which were arrayed like Fysshers had purposed to have taken so their weepen/ and win the town/ but one of them say with a common woman the night before/ and told to her their counseylle/ And she on the morn told the lyeutenaunt/ which forthwith commanded that every man should keep his weepen in his hon sacring time and other/ And when they apperceyved this that they were myspoynted/ they sailed straight to deep and stolen and took that Town/ And on newyers even after they took harflete/  
And thus Englysshmen byganne to loose a little and a little in normandy/   

¶ Capitulum visesimum/  
THis year was a great noise through all Englond/ how the duck of Bourgoyne would come and besyege Calays/ wherefore the Earl of mortayn with his Army that he had for to have gone with in to france was countremaunded and charged that he should go to calais. which was at that time well vitailled and manned/ For sire johan Ratclif was lyeutenant of the king in that town/ and the baron of dudeley lieutenant of the castle/ and the ninth day of evil the duke of Burgoyne with all the power of Flaundres and much other people came before calais and set his siege about the town/ and every town of Flaundres had their tents by themself/ And this siege endured three weeks/ In the mean while the duke of gloucetre being protector of englond took the most part of the lords of Englond and went over the see to Calays for to rescowe the toun or to fight with the duke and his host if they would have byden/ This time london and every good town of Englond sent over see to this rescowe certain people well arrayed of the best and choose men for the war/ And the second day of August the said duke of gloucetre arrived at Calays with all his army/ and five honderd ships and moo/ And the duke and all his host that say in the siege as son es they espied the sails in the see/ before they approached calays haven/ suddenly in a morning departed fro the siege/ leaving behind them moche stuff & vytaylle/ and fled in to flaundres and pycardye/ and in like wise died the siege that say to fore guynes/ where as they of guynes took the great gone of brass which was called dygeon/ and many other great gonnes and serpentyns/ And thenne when the duke of gloucetre was arrived with all his host/ he went in to flaundres and was therynne eleven days/ and died but little harm/ except he brent two fair villages poppering and bell/ and other houses which were of no strength/ and so returned home again/ Also this same year the king of Scots besyeged Rokesburgh with moche people/ but sir Rauf grey departed fro the castle/ and ordained for rescows/ but as son as the king understood his departing/ he suddenly broke his siege/ and went his weigh leaving moche ordinance behind him/ where he gate no worship/ ¶ This year the second day of janyver queen katheryn which was the kings mother and wyf to king harry the fifth deyde and departed out of this world/ and was brought ryally through london/ and so to westmynstre/ and there lieth buried worshipfully in our lady chapel/ Also this same year the fourtenthe day of janyver fell down the gate with a tour on it on london bridge toward southwerk with two arches/ and all that stood thereon/ This year was a great trayttye held between grauenyng and calays between the king and duck of burgoyne/ where for the king was the cardinal of Englond the duck of Norfolk & many other lords/ and for the duck was the Duchess having full power of her lord/ as regent and lady of his lands/ where was taken by thaduys of both parties an abstinence of war for a certain time in the name of the Duchess/ and not of the duke/ by cause he had goon from his oath and lygeaunce that he had made to king harry/ therefore the king never would wrytene appoint ne have to do with him after/ but all in the duchess name ¶ Also this year queen jane deyde/ the second day of Inyll/ which had been king harry the fourthies wyf/ and was carried fro bermondesey unto Caunterbury where she lieth buried by king harry the fourth her husband/ This year deyde all the lions in the tour of london/ the which had not be seen in many years before/ out of mind   

¶ Capitulum 21  
IN the xuj year of king harry deyde Sygysmund Emperor of almaigne and knight of the garter/ whose terment the king kept at pawlies in london ryally/ where was made a ryal hearse/ and the king in his astate clad in blue was at even at dirige/ and on the morn at mass/ And after him was elect & choose Albert duke of ostryche which had wedded Sygysmundus daughter for to be Emperor/ This was taken and received to be king of boheme & ungary by cause of his wyf that was sigismundus daughter which left after him none other he year This albert was emperor but one year/ for he was poisoned and so he deyde/ somme say he deyde of a flyxe/ but he was a virtuous man and pytefulle/ so moche that all the people that knew him said that the world was not worthy to have his presence/ In this year was the king of Scots murdered in his chambre by night pytously which king had be prisoner xv year in englonde/ And they that slew him were taken afterward & had cruel justice/ this year one owayn a squire of wales a man of low birth/ which had many a day tofore secretly wedded queen katheryn & had by her three sons/ & a daughter was taken and commanded to newgate to prysonne by my lord of gloucetre protector of the Royame's/ And this year he broke prison by the mean of a priest that was his chappelayn/ and after he was taken again by my lord bemond/ and brought again to new gate/ which afterward was delivered at large/ and one of his sons afterward was made Earl of rychemond/ & another earl of penbroke/ and the third a monk of westmynstre/ which monk deyde son after/ This year also on newyersday at baynardyscastel fell down a stak of wood suddenly at after none/ and slew three men mesch yvously and foul hurt other/ Also at bedford on a shyreday were eyghten men murdered/ without stroke by falling down of a steyr/ as they came out of their common hall and many foul hurt/ In the eighteenth year sir rychard beauchamp the good earl of warwyck deyde at Rouen/ he being that time lyeutenaunt of the king in normandye/ and from thennes his body was brought to warwick/ where he lieth worshipfully in a new chapel on the south side of the choir/ ¶ Also this year was a greet derthe of Corn in all englond/ For a busshel of wheat was worth forty pens in many places of Englond/ & yet men might not have ynowgh/ wherefore steven broun that time mayer of london sent in to pruse/ and brought to london certain ships laden with rye/ which eased and did moche good to the people/ For corn was so scarce in Englond that in some places of englond pour people made 'em breed of fern rotes/ This year the general counsel of basyle deposed pope eugenye And they cheese felyx which was duke of Savoy/ And thenne byganne the scysme/ which endured unto the year of our lord a MCCCC & xlviij/ This felyx was a devout prince/ and saw the sons of his sons/ and after lived a devout and holy life/ And was choose pope by the counseyllr of basyle/ eugenye deposed/ and so the scysme was long time/ and this felyx had not moche obedience because of the neutralyte/ for the most part and well nigh all cristendom obeyed & reputed eugenye for very pope/ god knoweth who was the very pope of them both/ for both occupied during the life of eugenye/ This year Sir Richard wiche vycary of hermettesworth was degrated of his prysthode/ at powlies/ and brent at tour hill as for an heretic on saint Botulphus day/ how well at his death/ he deyde a good cristen man wherefore after his death moche people came to the place/ where he had be brent/ and offered and made a heep● of stones/ and set up a cross of tree and held him for a saint till the mayer and shreves by commandment of the king and bishops destroyed it/ and made there a donghyll. Also this same year the shreves of london fet out of saint martyns the grant the sayntuarye five personne/ which afterward were restored again to the sayntuarye by the kings justyces/ After Albert the third Frederyk was choose Emperor/ This Frederyk duke of ostryche was long Emperor/ and differed for to be crowned at Rome by cause of the scysme/ but after that unyon was had he was crowned with Imperyal dyademe with great glory and triumph of pope nycholas the fourth/ This was a man pesyble quiet and of singular patience/ not hating the chirche· he wedded the king of portyngales daughter/   

¶ Capitulum 22  
IN this year dame Elyanore Cobham duchess of gloucetre/ was arrested for certain points of treasonne laid again her/ whereupon she was examined in saint stevens chapel at west mynstre before tharchebisshop of Caunterbury/ and there she was enjoined to open penance for to go through cheap bearing a ●aper in her honde/ and after to perpetuel prison in to the isle of man under the keeping of sir thomas stanley/ ¶ Also that same time was arrested master thomas southwel a cannon of W●stmynstre master john hum a chappellayn of the said ladies/ master Rogyer bolyngbroke a Clerk using nygromancye/  
¶ And one margery Jurdemayn called the wytche of eye ●●syde westmynstre/ These were arrested as for being of counsel with the said duchess of gloucetre. And as for master thomas south well he deyde in the tour the night before he should have be reyned on the morn/ For so he said himself that he should die in his bed and not by justice/ ¶ And in the year twenty master johan hum and master Rogyer Bolyngbrooke were brought to the guydhalle in london/ and there before the mayer/ the lords and chief justice of Englond were rained and dampened to be drawn hanged and quartered. but master john hum had his chartre and was pardoned by the king. but master Rogyer was drawn to Tyburn/ where he confessed that he yde guiltless and never had trespaced in that he died fore/ Notwithstanding he was hanged heded and quartered/ on whose soul god have mercy/ And margery jurdemayne was brent in Smythfeld/ ¶ Also this year the lord Talbotte had laid siege to dyepe/ but the Dolphyn rescowed it/ and won the bastyle that Englysshmen had made ¶ Also this year was a greet effraye in fleetstreet by nights time between men of Court and men of london/ and diverse men slain and some hurt/ and one herbotel was chief cause of the mysgovernaunce and effraye/ ¶ Also this year at the choosing of the mayer of london the Commons named Robert Clopton and Rawlyn holond Taylour/ And the Aldermen took Robert clopton & brought him at the right honde of the mayer/ as the customme is/ And then certain tayllours and hand crafty men cried nay nay not this man/ but rawlyn holonde/ wherefore the mayer that was padysley sent though that so cried to newgate/ where they abode a great while and were punished/ ¶ In this year were diverse ambassadors sent in to Guyan for a marriage for the king for the earls daughter of Armynak· which was concluded/ but by the mean of th'earl of Suffolk it was let & put a part/ And after this the said earl of Suffolk went over the see in to France// And there treated the marriage between the king of Englond and margarete the kings daughter of Secyle and of jerusalem ¶ And the next year it was concluded fully that marriage/ by which marriage the king should deliver to her father the duchy of Anges. and the Erldome of main which was the key of normandye/  
¶ Thenne departed the Earl of Suffolk with his wyf and diverse lords and knights in the most ryal astate that might be out of England with new chares and palfrayes/ which went through cheap/ and so went over the see/ and received her/ and sith brought her in the lente after to hampton/ where she landed and was ryally received/ And on Candelmasse even before by a greet tempest of thunder and lyghtning at after None/ Paulus steeple was set a fire on the mids of the shaft in the tymbre/ which was quenched by force of labour/ and specially by the labour of the morrow mass priest of the bow in cheap/ which was thought Inpossyble/ safe only the grace of god/ ¶ This year was the earl of stafford made and created Duke of Bokyngham/ the earl of warwyck/ Duk of warwyck/ th'earl of dorsete/ marquys of dorsete/ and the earl of suffolk was made marquys of suffolk/   

¶ Capitulum 23/  
IN this year king harry married at southweke queen margrete/ And she came to london the eighteenth day of may/ And by the way all the lords of englonde received her worshipfully in diverse places/ and in especial the duke of gloucetre And on blackheth the mayer Aldermen/ and all the crafts in blue gowns browdred with the devise of his craft that they might be byknowen/ met with her with reed hoods/ And brought her to london/ where were diverse pagentis and countenances of diverse histories she wyd in diverse places of the cyte ryally and costlewe. And the thyrttyest day of may the said queen was crowned at westmynstre/ ¶ And there was justice three days during within the sayntuarye to fore thabbey// This year the prior of kylmayn appeled th'earl of urmond of treasonne/ which had a day assigned to them for to fight in Smythfeld/ and the lysties were made and field dressed/ But when it came to point the king commanded that they should not fight/ but took the quarrels in to his own honde/ and this was done. at the Instance and labour of certain prechours & doctors of london as master gylbert worthyngton parson of saint Andrews in holborn and other/ ¶ Also this year came a great ambassate in to England onte of France for to have concluded a perpetuel peace/ but in conclusion it turned unto a tr●ews of a year ¶ About this time deyde saint bernardyn a grey frere which began the new reformation of that order in many places/ in so moche that they that were reform been called obseruauntes/ which obseruauntes been increased greatly in Italye and in almaigne/ ¶ This Bernadyn was canonysed by pope nycholas the fifth in the year thousand four C and fifty/ johannes de capestrano was his disciple/ which prouffyted moche to the reformation of that ordre/ for whom God showed many miracles also/ Here is to be noted that from this time forward king harry never prouffyted ne went forward/ but fortune began to turn from him on all sides/ as well in France/ normandye/ guyan/ as in England/ Somme men hold opinion that king harry gaf commyssion plenerly to sire Edward hull Sire Robert roos/ the dene of saint seneryns & other to conclude a marriage for him with th'earl of Armynaks sister/ which was promised as it was said and concluded/ But afterward it was broken/ for by the mean of the marquys of Suffolk it was broken/ And he wedded Queen margrete as afore is said/ which was a dear marriage/ for the Royamme of England/ For it is known verily that for to have her was delivered the duchye of angeo/ and the erldom of main/ which was the key of normandy for the Frensshmen tentre/ And above this the· said marquys of Suffolk asked in plain parliament a fyftenth and an half for to fetch her out of France/ Lo what a marriage was this/ as to the comparysone of that other marriage of Armynak/ For there should have been delivered so many castles and towns in Guyan/ and so moche good should have been yoven with her/ that all englond should have been thereby enriched/ but contrary wise fill/ wherefore every greet prince aught to keep his promise/ For because of breaking of this promise/ and for marriage of queen margrete what loss hath had the Royamme of Englond/ by losing of normandye and guyan by dyvysion in the Royame's/ the rebelling of Commons against their prince and lords/ what division among the lords/ what murdre & slaying of them/ what fields fought & made/ ¶ In conclusionthat many a man hath lost his life/ the king deposed the queen with her son fain to flee in to scotland/ and from thence in to France/ and so to lorayn the place that she came first fro/ Many men dame that the breaking of the kings promise to the sister of thearls of Armynack was cause of this great loss and adversity   

¶ Capitulum 24  
IN the year twenty-five. of king harry was a parliament at bury called saint edmondes bury/ about which was commanded all the comyns of the country to be there in their most defensable array for to await upon the king/ To which parliament came the duke of gloucetre hunfreye the kings uncle/ which had been protector of englonde all the non age of the king/ And anon after he was in his lodging he was arrested by the vysecounte bemonde the constable of England/ whom accompanied the duke of Bokyngham and many other lords/ And forthwith all his servants were commanded for to depart fro him/ and two & thyrtty of the chyeef of hem were also arrested and sent to diverse prysons·s And five or uj days after this said arrest/ the said duke was deed/ on whose soul god have mercy/ But how he deyde and in what manere the Certainty is not to me known/ Somme said he deyde for sorrow/ somme said he was murdered between two fetherbeddes/ other said that an hot spit was put in his fundament/ but how he deyde god knoweth/ to whom is no thing hid/ And thenne when he was so deed/ he was laid open that all man might see him/ And so both lords and knights of the shires with bourgeyses came & saw him lie deed/ but wound ne token could they not perseyve how he deyde/ Here may men mark what this world is This duke was a noble man and a great clerk/ and had worshipfully ruled this Royamme to the kings behoef/ and never could be found fault with him/ but envy of them that were governors/ and had promised to deliver the duchy of Angeo & the Erldome of main caused the destruction of this noble man/ For they dread him that he would have impeached that deliverance/ And after they sent his body to saint Albon with certain lights for to be buried. And so Sire geruays of clyfton had than the charge to convey the corpse/ And so it was buried at saint albons in thabbey/ And five persons of his household were sent to london/ and there were rained and judged to be drawn hanged and quartered/ of whom the names were Sire Rogyer chamberlain knight and myddelton squire/ herbard a squire arthur a squire/ and Richard Nedham/ which five personnes were drawn from the tower of london through c●epe unto Tyburn/ and there hanged and let down quick/ and then strypt for to hau e been heded and quartered/ And then the marquys of Suffolk showed there for them the kings pardon under his great seal/ and so they were pardonned of the remnant of the execution and had their lives/ And so they were brought again to london/ and after freely delivered/ Thus began the trouble in englond for the death of this noble duke/ Alle the commons of the Royamme began for to murmur and were not content/ After that pope Eugenye was deed nycholas the fifth was elect pope/ ¶ This nycholas was choose for Eugenye yet having the schism/ notwithstandinging he gate the obedience of all cristen Royammes/ For after he was elect and●●●red pope/ Certain lords of France and of Englond were ●●nte in to Savoy to pope Felyx for to entreat him to cease of the papacy. And by the special labour of the bishop of norwyche/ and the lord of saint johans he ceased the second year after that Nycholas was sacred/ and the said Felyx was made legate of France and cardynal of Savoy/ And resygned the hoole papacy to nycholas/ and after lived an holy life and died an holy man/ And as it is said god showed miracles for him/ This was the three and twentyeste Scysme/ between eugenye & Felyx/ and dured sixteen year/ the cause was this/ the generalle counseylle of basylle deposed eugenye which was only pope and indubitate for as moche as he observed not and kept the decrees and statutes of the counseylle of Counstance as it is said/ neither he wrought not to give obedience to that general counsel/ whereof roo●e a great alteration among wrytars of this matter pro and contra which can not accord unto this day/ One party saith that the counseylle is above the pope/ that other party saith nay. But the pope is above the counsel/ God blessed above all things give and send his peace in holy church spouse of Cryst Amen/ This nycholas was of Iene comen of low birth a doctor of divinity an ac● if man/ he reedefyed many places that were broken and ruinous/ and died do make a great wall about the palace▪ and made the wall new about Rome for dread of the turks/ And the people wondered of the ceesing and resygning of Felyx to him/ considered that he was a man of so low birth And that other was of affynyte to all the most part of Crysten princes/ whereof there was a verse published in Rome in this manner/ Lux fulsit mundo ceased Felyx nycholao.   

¶ Capitulum 24  
IN the year of king harry xxvij being trewes between France and englond a knight of the englysshe party named Sir Fraunceys Aragonoys took a town of normandy named Fogyers. against the trewes/ of which taking byganne moche sorrow and loss/ For this was the occasion by which the Frensshe men gate all normandy/ This year a squire of englond named chalons died arms with a knight of France named Sire Louis de buyel to fore the Frensshe king/ and ran the Frensshe knight through with a spear and slew him in the field ¶ In the year xxviij was a parliament held at westmynstre And from thennes adjourned to the black freres at london/ And after Crystemasse to westmynstre again/ And this same year Robert of Cane a man of the west country with a few ships took an hole float of ships coming out of the bay laden with salt/ which ships were of pruys/ Flaundries/ Holland and Zealand/ and brought 'em to hampton/ wherefore the merchants of englond being in flaundres were arrested in Brugys/ Ipre and other places/ and might not be delivered ner their debts discharged till they had made a poyntement for to pay for the amendss and hurts of the ships/ which was paid by the merchants of the staple every penny/ And in like wise the merchants and gods being in dansk were also arrested and made great amendss. This same year the Frensshmen in a morning took by a train thea town of pount all arch and therynne the lord Fawconbrydge was taken prysonner/ And after that in decembre Rouen was taken and lost/ being therynne the duke of s●mersete edmund/ th'earl of shrewsbury/ which by appointment left pledges and lost all normandye/ and came home/ And during the said parliament the duck of Suffolk was arrested and sen●e in to the tour/ and there was a month/ and after the king did do fetch him out/ For which cause all the comyns of Englond were in a great rumour what for the deliverance of Angeo and main and after for losing of all normandye/ and in especial for the death of the good duke of gloucetre/ in so moche that in some places men gathered to geders and made ●em capitains as blue beard and other/ which were resisted and taken and had justice and died/ And then the said parliament was adjourned to leycetre/ And thither the king brought with him the duke of Suffolk/ Andrea when the common house understood that he was out of the tower and comen thither/ they desired to have execution on them/ that were cause of the deliverance of normandy/ and had been cause of the death of the duke of gloucetre/ and had sold gascoigne and guyan/ of which they named to be guilty the duke of Suffolk as chief the lord say/ the Bishop of Saslebury/ Danyel and many moo/ ¶ And for to pease the Commons the duck of Suffolk was exiled out of englond five year/ And so during the parliament he went in to norfolk and there took shipping for to go out of the Royame's into france/ And this year as he sailed on the see/ a ship of war cal●yd the nycholas of tower met with his ship and fond him there in whom they took out/ and brought him in to their ship/ to fore the master and Capytayns/ And there he was examined and atte last judged to the death/ And so they put him in a Cabon/ and his chappellayne for to shrine him/ And that done they brought him in to dover rood/ and there set him in to the boot/ and there smote of his heed/ and brought the body a land upon the sondes and set the heed thereby/ And this was done the first day of may/ Loo what availeth him now this delyveueraunce of normandye/ And here you may see how he was rewarded for the death of the duck of gloucetre/ Thus began sorrow upon sorrow and death for death/   

¶ Capitulum 26  
THis year of our lord a thousand four honderd & fifty was the great grace of the jubilee at Rome/ where was greet pardon/ in so moche that from all places of Crystendome great multitude of people resorted thither/ ¶ This year Sire thomas cryell was overthrown at fermygny and many Englysshemen slain and taken prysonners/ ¶ This same year was a great assembling and gathering together of the Commons of kente in greet number/ and made an Insurrection and rebelled against the king and his laws And ordained 'em a capitain called johan Cade an Irysshe man/ which named himself mortymer Cousin to the duck of york/ And this capitain held these men together and made ordinances among them & brought 'em to blackheth where he made a bylle of petytions to the king and his counsel/ and showed what Inyuryes and oppressions the pour comyns suffered/ and all under colour for to come to his above/ And he had a great multitude of people/ And the seventeenth day of juyn the king with many lords Capytayns and men of war went toward him to the blackheth/ And when the capitain of kente understood the coming of the king with so great a puissance/ he withdrew him with his people to sevenok a lytil village/ ¶ And xxviij day of juyn being with drawn and goon/ the king came with his army set in order and enbataylled to the blackheth/ and by advys of his counsel sent sir umfrey stafford knight. and william stafford Squrer two valiant Capytains' with certain people to fight with the capitain and to take him/ ¶ and bring him and his accessaryes to the king. which went to sevenock/ and there the capitain with his felauship met with 'em/ and fought against hem/ and in conclusion slew them both and as many as abode/ and would not yield 'em nor flee/ During these scarmuche fill a great variance among the lords men and common people being on blackheths against their lords and capytayns saying plainly that they would go to the capitain of kente to assist and help him/ but if they might have execution on the traitors/ being about the king/ whereto the king said nay/  
¶ And they said plainly that the lord say tresorer of englond/ the Bishop of Salysbury// the abbot of gloucetre/ danyel andtrevylyan and many moo were traitors/ and worthy to be dead/ wherefore for to please the lords main and also some of the kings house the lord say was arrested and sent to the tour/ of london/ Andrea thenne the king hearing tidings of the death and overthrowing of the staffords withdrew him to london/ and fro thennes to killing worth for the king ne the lords durst not trust their own household main/ Thenne after that the capitain had had this victory upon the staffordes/ anon be took sire umfrayes salade and his brygantyns smitten full of guilt nails/ and also his guilt spurs & arrayed him like a lord and a capitain/ and resorted with all his main/ and also more than he had tofore to the blackheth again/ to whom came tharchebisshop of Caunterbury/ and the duck of Bokyngham to the blacheth and spoke with him/ And as it was said they fond him witty in his talking and his requests/ and so they departed And the thyrdde day of juyll he came and entered in to london with all his people/ and there died make cries in the kings name and his that no man should rob ne take no man's good/ but if he paid for it/ and came riding through the Cyte in great pride/ and smote his sword upon/ london stone in Canwyckstrete/ and he being in the Cyte sent to the tower for to have the lord say/ and so they fet him and brought him to the guyldhalle before the mayer and Aldermen/ where he was examined/ and he said he would and aught to be judged by his peers/ And the commons of kent took him by force from the mayer and officers that kept him/ and took him to a pryeste to shrive him/ And er he might be half shriven they brought him to the standard in Cheap/ And there smote of his heed/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen. And thus deyde the lord say tresorer of Englond After this they set his heed on a spear/ and bore it about in the Cyte/ And the same day at mile end crowmer was byheded And the same day before at after none the capitain with certain of his main went to phelyp malpas house/ and robbed him and took away moche good. And fro thennes he went to saint margrete patyns to one ghersties house/ and robbed him also. At which robbing dyverce men of london of their neighbours were at it/ and took part with them/ For this robbing the people's hearts fill from him/ and every thryfty man was afeard for to be served in like wise. For there was many a man in london that awaited/ and would feign have seen a common robbery/ which god forbid/ For it is to suppose if he had not rob/ he might have gone f●r oer he had be withstand/ For the king and all the lords of the Royame's were departed except the lord scales that kept the tour/ And the fifth day of juyll he died do smite of a man's heed in Southwerke/ And the night after the mayor of london the aldermen and the Commons of the Cyte concluded to drive away the capitain and his host/ and sent to the lord scales to the tower and to matthew gogh a capitain of normandye that they would that night assaylle the capitain with them of kente/ And so they died and came to london bridge in to Southwerke/ ere the capitain had any knowledge thereof And they fought with them that kept the bridge/ And the kentysshmen went to harnoys and came to the bridge and shot and fought with 'em/ and gate the bridge/ and made them of london to flee/ and slow many of 'em. And this endured all the night to & fro till nine of the clock on the morn/ And atte last they brent the drawebrydge· where many of them of london were drowned/ In which night Sutton an alderman was slain/ Rogyer heysaunt and matthew gogh and many other/ ¶ And after this the chancellor of Englond sent to the capitain a pardon general for him and another for all his main/ And thenne they departed from southwerke every man home to his house/  
¶ And when they were all departed and gone/ there were proclamaciones made in kente/ southsex/ and in other places/ that what man could take the capitain quick or deed should have a thousand mark/ And after this one Alysaunder Iden a squire of kente took him in a garden in southsex/ and in the taking the capitain johan cade was slain/ and after byheded and his heed set on london bridge// And anon after thenne the king came in to kente/ and died his justyces sit at caunterbury and inquire who were accessaryes and chief cause of this Insurrection/ And there were eight men judged to death in one day and in other places moo/ And fro thennes the king went in to southsex/ and in to the west country/ where a little before was slain the bishop of Salysbury/ And this same year were so many judged to death that three and twenty hedes stood on london bridge atones/   

¶ Capitulum 27  
IN the year thyrtty the duck of york came out of the march of wales with th'earl of Devonshire and the lord Cobham with great puissance for reformation of certain Injuries and wrongs/ and also to have justice on certain lords being about the king/ And took a field at brentheth beside dertford in kent/ which was a strong field/ for which cause the king with all the lords of the land went unto the blackheth with a great multitude of people armed and ordained for the war in the best wise/ And when they had mustered on the blackheth/ certain lords were sent to him for to treat and make appointment with him which were the Bishop of Ely and the Bishop of wynchestre/ and thearls of Salysbury and of warwick And they concluded that the duck of Somersete should be had to ward/ and to answer to such articles as the duke of york should put to him/ And then the duke of york should break his field and come to the king which was all promised by the king And so the king commanded that the duke of somersete should be had in ward/ And then the duck of york broke up his field. and came to the king and when he was come/ contrary to the promise afore made. the duke of somersete was present in the field awaiting and chief about the king and made the duke of york ride tofore as a prisoner through london/ and after they would have put him in hold/ but a noise aroos that the earl of march his son was coming with ten thousand men to london ward/ whereof the king and his counseyl feared/ and thenne concluded that the duke of york should depart at his will About this time byganne greet division in spruce between the great master and the knights of the duche ordre which were lords of that country/ For the Commons and towns rebelled against the lords/ and made so great war that at last they called the king of pole to be their lord/ which came & was received and laid siege to the castle of maryenburgh/ which was the chief castle and strength of all the land/ and wan it/ and droofe out the master of dansk and all other places of that land/ And so they that had been lords many years/ lost all their seygnorye and possessions in though lands/  
In the year of our lord a thousand four honderd and three and fifty the cyte of Constantynople thimperial Cyte of Grece was taken by the turk/ the Emperor slain/ and Innumerable crysten people destroyed and put in captivity/ by which prise Crysten faith perished in grece/ and the turk enhanced greatly in pride/ ¶ And the year of our lord a thousand four honderd & three and fifty on saint Edward'S day the queen margaret was delivered of a fair prince/ which was named Edward/ That same day johan norman was choose for to be mayer of london/ And the day that he should take his oath at westmynstre/ he went thither by water with all the crafts/ where a fore time/ the mayor aldermen and all the crafts/ Road a horseback/ which was never used after/ For sin that time they have ever gone by water in barges/ you have well understand tofore how that Contrary to the promise of the king and also the conclusions taken between the king and the duke of york at brentheth/ the duke of somersete went not to ward/ but abode about the king and had great rule and was made capitain of Calays/ and ruled the king and the Royamme as he would/ wherefore the great lords of the Royamme and also the commons were not pleased/ for which cause the duke of york the Earls of warwyck and of Salysbury with many knights and squires and moch people came for to remove the said duke of Somersete and other fro the king/ And the king hearing of their coming thought by his counseylle for to have go westward and not for to meet with 'em/ And had with him the Duke of Somersete/ the Duck Bokyngham/ the earl of stafford/ th'earl of northumberlond/ the lord clyfford and many other/ And what time that the Duke of york and his felawship understood that the king was departed with these said lords from london/ Anon he changed his way and costed the country & came to saint albons the three and twentyest day of may/ and there met with the king. to whom the king sent certain lords and desired hem to keep the peace and depart/ but in conclusion while they treated on that one side/ th'earl of warwik with the march men and other entrid the town on that other/ and fought against the king and his party/ and so byganne the battle and fighting/ which endured a good while/ but in conclusion the duck of york obtained and had the victory of that journey. In which was slain the duke of Somersete/ th'earl of northumberlond/ the lord Clyfford and many knights and squires/ And many more hurt/ And on the morn after they brought the king in great astate to london/ which was lodged in the bishops palace of london/ And anon after was a great parliament/ In which parliament the duke of york was made protector of Englond/ And th'earl of warwik capitain of Calays/ And th'earl of Salysbury chauncel●r of englond/ and all such personnes as had the rule tofore about the king were set a part and might not rule as they died to fore/ In this year deyde pope nycholas the fifth/ and after him was Calyxte the thyrdde/ This calyxte was a cat●lane/ & an old man when he was choose and continuelly seek/ wherefore he might not perform his zele and desire that he had against the turks conceived/ and the cause of letting thereof was his age and sickness/ ¶ This Calyxte instituted and ordained the feast of the transfyguration of our lord to be hallowed on saint sixtes day in August by cause of the great victory that they of hungary had against the turks that same day/ he was choose pope the year of our lord thousand four honderd and five & fifty/ And deyde the year thousand four honderd and eight and fifty/ that same day that he ordained the feast of the transfyguration to be hallowed/ In this year fill a great affray in london against the lombardes/ The cause bygan by cause a young man took a dagger from a lombard and broke it/ wherefore the young man on the morn was sent for to come to fore the mayer and aldermen/ and there for the offence he was committed to ward/ And than ne the mayer departed from the Guyldhalle for to go hoome to his dyner/ but in Cheap the young men of the mercery for the most part prentyses held the mayer and shreves still in cheap/ and would not suffer him to depart unto the time/ that their Felaw which was committed to ward were delivered/ and so by force they rescowed their fellow from prysonne/ and that/ done the mayer and shrevys departed/ And the prisoner delivered which if he had be put to prison had been in jeopardy of his life/ & thus began a rumour in the cyte against the lombardes/ and the same evening the handcrafty people of the town aroos and ran to the lombardes houses/ and despoylled and rob diverse of 'em/ wherefore the mayer and aldermen came with the honest people of the town and droof them thence and sent some of them that had stolen to newgate/ And the young man that was rescowed by his felaws saw this great rumour affray and robbery ensiewed of his first moving to the lombard/ departed and went to westmynstre to sayntuarye/ or else it had ●osted him his life/ For anon after came down one Oyer determine/ for to do justice on all them that so rebelled in the Cyte/ against the lombardes. on which sat with the mayer that time William marrow/ the duke of Bokyngham and many other lords for to see the execution done/ But the Comyns of the Cyte secretly made them ready/ and died arm them in their houses/ and were in purpose for to have rungen the common bell/ which is named bow bell/ But they were let by sad men/ which came to the knowleche of the duck of Bokyngham and other lords/ and incontinent they aroos for they durst no longer abide/ For they doubted that the hoole Cyte would have arysen against them/ But yet nevertheless two or three of the Cyte were judged to death for this robbery and were hanged at Tyburn/ And anon after the king/ the Queen and other lords Road to Coventre/ and withdrew 'em from london for these causes/ And a little to fore the duke of york was sent fore to Grenewych/ and there was discharged of the protectourshippe/ And my lord of Salysbury of his chauncelership/ And after this they were sent fore by privy seal for to come to Couentre/ where they were almost deceived and th'earl of warwyck also/ and should have been destroyed if they had not seen well to/ etc/   

¶ Capitulum 28  
THis year were taken four great fishes between Eerethe and london/ that one was called mors marine/ the second a sword fish/ the other twain were whales/ In this year for certain effrayes done in the north country between the lord egremond/ and th'earl of salysburyes sons/ the said lord egremond whom they had taken was condemned in a great some of money to the said earl of Salysbury/ and therefore commysed to prison in newgate in london/ where when he had been a certain space broke prison and three prisoners with him and escaped/ & went his way/ Also this year th'earl of warwick and his wyf went to calays with a fair felawship & took possession of his offyce/ About this time was great reformation of many monasteries of religion in diverse parties of the world/ which were reform after the first Institution and continued in many places. Also about this time the craft of Enprynting was first found in magounce in Almaigne/ which craft is multyplyed through the world in many places. & books been had great cheap and in great number by cause of the same craft  
This year was a great battle in the marches between hongary and turkey at a place called Septegrade/ where Innumerable turks were slain more by miracle than by man's hand/ For only the honde of god smote them/ Seint john of capestrane was there present/ & provoked the cristen people being thenne afeard to poursiewe the turks where an infinite multitude were slain and destroyed/ the turks said that a great number of Armed men followed them/ that they were afeard to turn again/ they were holy angels/ ¶ This year the prysonners of newgate in london broke their prysonne and went upon the leedes and fought against them of the Cyte and kept the gate a long while but atte last the town gate the prysonne on them/ and than they were put in fetheries and irons and were sore punished in ensample of other/ In this year also was a great earth quave in naples/ in so moche that there perished forty thousand people that sank there in to thearth/ Item In the year six and thyrtty saint Osmond sometime bishop of Salysbury was canonysed at Rome by pope Calyxt/ ¶ And the sixtenthe day of juyll he was translated at Salysbury by the Archebisshop of Caunterbury and many other bishops/ ¶ And in August after Sire pyers de brese● seneschal of normandy with the capitayne of deep and many other capitains and men of war went to the see with a great navy and came in to the downs by nyght· and on the morn erly before day they londed and came to Sandwyche both by land and water/ and took the town and ryfled and despoilled it/ And took many prisoners/ and left the town all bore/ which was a rich place and moche good therynne/ And lad with 'em many rich prisoners/ ¶ In this year in many places of France/ Almaigne/ Flaundres/ Holond/ and Zelond children gathered them by great companies/ for to go on pilgrimage to saint mychels mount in normandye/ which came fro far contreyes/ whereof the people marveld and many supposed that some wicked spirit moved them to so do/ but it endured not long by cause of the long way and also for lack of vytayll as they went. ¶ In this year Raynold pecok/ Bishop of Chychestre was founden an heretic/ and the thyrdde day of December was abjured at lambhyth in the presence of the Archebisshop of Caunterbury and many Bishops and doctors/ and lords temporal/ and his books brent at poulus cross/ You have herd tofore how certain lords were slain at saint Albon's/ Wherefore was alway a grudge and wrath had by the heirs of them that were so slain against the Duke of york/ the Earls of warwyck and of Salysbury/ wherefore the king by thaduys of his counseylle sent for them to london/ To which place the Duke of york came the six and twentyest day of janyver with four honderd men/ and lodgeat Baynardys castle in his own place/ And the fifteenth day of janyver came th'earl of Salysbury with five honderd men/ and was lodged in therber in his own place/ And then came the dukes of excetre and of Somersete with eight honderd men/ and lay without tempelbarre/ And the Earl of northumberlonde the lord egremond/ and the Lord clyfford with fifteen honderd men/ and lodged without toun And the mayer that time gefferey boleyn kept great watch with the Commons of the Cyte and road about the Cyte by Holburn and Fleetstreet with a five thousand men well armed and arrayed for to keep the peace/ And the fourteenth day of Feverer th'earl of warwyck came to london from Calays well beseen and worshipfully with six honderd men in reed jaquettys broidered with a ragged staff behind and afore/ ¶ And he was lodged atte grey Freres/ And the seventeenth day of March the king came. to london and the queen/ And there was a concord and peace made among these lords/ and they were set in peace/ ¶ And on our lady day the twenty-five day of march a thousand four honderd and eight and fifty/ the king/ queen. and all these lords went on. procession at powlus in london/ and anon after the king and lords departed/ ¶ In this year was a great affray in fleetstreet between men of court and men of the same street/ In which affray the queens attorney was slain.   

Capitulum 29  
ALso this same year as the Earl of warwyck was at a counsel at westmynstre/ Alle the kings household meinie gathered them together for to have slain the said earl/ but by help of god and his friends he recovered his barge/ and escaped their evil enterprise/ how well the Coques came running out with spyttes and pestles against him/ And the same day he rood toward warwick/ And son after he gate him a commyssion/ and went over see to calays/ son after this th'earl of Salysbury coming to london was encountrid at bloreheth with the lord audeley/ & moche other people ordained for to have destressid him/ but he having knowleche that he should be met with/ was accompanied with his two sons sir thomas and sir johan neuyll/ and a greet felawship of good men/ And so they met/ And fough●e to geders/ where th'earl of salysbury wan the felled/ And the lord audley was slain and many gentle men of cheshire and moche people hurt/ And thearls two sons were hurt/ and going homeward afterward they were taken/ and had to Chestre by the queens main/ ¶ After Calyxte/ pius was pope and was choose this year 1458/ And he was called tofore Aeneas an Eloquent man and a poet laureate/ he was Ambassador of the Emperors afore time/ ¶ And he written in the counseylle of basylle a noble trayttye for thauthority of the same. Also he canonysed saint katherine of Senys/ ¶ This pope ordained great Indulgencies and pardon to them that would go war against the turk/ and written an epistle to the great turk exorting him to become crysten/ ¶ And in the end he ordeygned a passage against the Turk at Ankone/ To which moche people drew out of all parties of Crystendome/ of which people he sent many hoome. again by cause they sufficed not/ And anon after he deyde at the said place of Ancone/ the year of our lord a thousand four honderd and liiij the xiv day of August/ ¶ In the year eight and thyrtty of king harry the duke of york/ the Earls of warwyck and of Salysbury saw the governance of the Royamme stood most by the queen and her counseylle/ and how the great princes of the land were not called to counseylle but set a part/ & not only so/ but that it was said through the Royame's that though said lords should be destroyed utterly as it openly was showed atte bloreheth by them that would have slain the Earl of Salesburye/ Thenne they for salvation of their lives and also for the common weal of the Royame's thought for to remedy these things/ assembled them to guider with moche people and took a field in the west countray/ to which the earl of warwyck came from calays with many of thold soudyours/ as andrew Trollop/ and other/ in whose wisdom's as for the war he moche trusted/ and when they were thus assembled and made their field/ the king sent out his commissyons and privy seals unto all the lords of his royamme to come and await on him in their most defensable wise/ and so every man came in such wise that the king was strenger/ and had moche more people than the duke of york/ and the Earls of warwyck/ and Salysbury/ For it is here to be noted that every lord in englond at this time dared not dysobeye the queen/ For she ruled peasybly all that was done about the king/ which was a good simple and Innocent man/ Andrea thenne when the king was comen to the place where as they were/ the duck of york and his felawship had made their field in the strengest wise/ and had purposed verily to abiden and have fought/ But in the night Andrew Trollop and all the old Soudyours of Calays with a greet felawshippe/ suddenly departed out of the dukes host/ and went straight unto the kings field/ where they were received joyously/ For they knew the intent of the other lords and also the manner of their felled ¶ And thenne the duck of york with the other lords saying them so deceived took a counseylle shortly in that same night and departed from the Field leaving behind them the most part of their people to keep the Field till on the morn/ ¶ Thenne the Duke of york with his second son departed through walys toward Irlond leaving his oldest son th'earl of march with the Earls of warwyck and of Salesbury/ which together with three or four personnes rood straight in to Devonshire/ and there by help and aid of one denbam a squire/ which gate for them a ship/ which cost eleven score noblys/ & with the same ship sailed fro thence in to garneseye/ And there refreshed them/ and from thennes sailed te Calays/ where they were received in to the castle by the postern oer they of the town knew of it/ And the duke of york took shipping in wales and sailed over in to Irlond where he was well received   

¶ Capitulum Trisesimum  
THenne king harry being with his host in the field not knowing of this sudden departing on the morn fond none in the field of the said lords. sent out in all haste men to follow and poursiewe after to take 'em/ but they met not with them as god would/ and then the king went to ludlowe and dispoylled the castle and the town/ And sent the duchess of york with her children to my lady of Bokyngham her sister/ where she was kept long after/ And forthwith the king ordained the duke of somersete capitain of Calays/ And these other lords so departed as afore is said were proclaimed rebels and great traitors/ ¶ Thenne the duke of Somersete took to him all though Soudyours that departed fro the field/ and made him ready in all haste to go to Calays and take possession of his offyce/ And when he came he fond the Earl of warwyck therein as capitain/ And thearls of march and salysbury also/ And thenne he londed by Scales and went to guysnes/ and there he was received/ ¶ And it fortuned that some of though ships that came over with him/ came in to Calays haven by their free will/ For the shipmen aught more favour to the Earl of warwyck than to the Duke of Somersete/  
In which ships were taken diverse men·s as jenyn Fynkhyll/ johan felaw/ ka●lles and purser/ which were byheded son after in Calays ¶ And after this daily came men over See to these lords to Calays/ And byganne to wax stronger and strenger· And they borrowed moche good good of the staple/ And on that other side the duke of Somersete being in guysnesgate people to him/ which came out and scarmusshed with them of Calays/ and they of Calays with them which endured many days/ during thus this daily scarmuching/ moche people daily came over unto these lords/ Thenne on a time by thaduys of counseylle the lords at calays sent over Master Denham with a great felawship to Sandwyche/ which took the town/ And therynne the lord Rivers and the lord scales his son/ and took many ships in the haven/ and brought 'em all to calays/ with which ships many maronners of their free will came to Calays to serve the Earl of warwyck/ ¶ And after this the Earl of warwick by thaduys of the lords took all his ships and manned them well/ and sailed himself in to Irlond for to speak with the duke of york/ and to take his advys how they should entre in to Englond again/ And when he had been there and done his erandes/ he returned again toward Calays/ and brought with him his mother the Countess of Salysbury/ And coming in the west countraye upon the see the duke of excetre admyral of englond being in the grace adieu accompanied with many ships of war/ met with th'earl of warwyck and his float/ but they fought not/ For the substance of the people being with the duke of excetre aught better will and more favour to th'earl of warwyck than to him/ And so they departed and came to Calays in saefte/ blessed be god/  
Thenne the kings counseylle saying that these lords had gotten these ships from Sandwiche and taken the lord Rivers and his son ordained a garnyson at Sandwiche to abide and keep the town/ And made one mountford capitain of the Town/ And that no man/ ne vytaylle ne merchant that should go in to Flaundres should not go to Calays/ Thenne they of Calays saying this made out master denham and many other to go to Sandwiche/ And so they died/ and assaylled the town by water and by land/ And gate it and brought mountford their capitain over see to rysebank and there smote of his heed/ And yet daily men came over to them out of all parties of Englond/   

¶ Capitulum Trisesimum Primum·  
ANd after this the said earls of march warwick and of salysbury came over see to dover with moche people and there landed/ to whom all the country drew and came to london armed And for to late the lords of the kings counseylle know their troth/ and also their intent/ assembled them and told them/ that they intended no harm unto the kings person/ safe that they would put fro him such persons as were about him/ ¶ And so departed fro london with a great puissance toward norhampton/ where the king was accompanied with many lords and had made a strong field without the toun/ And there both parties met and was fought a great bataylle· In which battle were slain the duck of Bokyngham/ th'earl of shrowesbury/ the vysecounte Beamond/ the lord Egremond and many knights and squires and other also/ And the king himself taken in the field/ and afterward brought to london/ And anon afterward was a parliament at westmynstre/ during which parliament the duck of york came onte of Irlond with th'earl of Rutland riding with a great felawship in to the palace at westmestre and took the kings palace ¶ And came in to the parliament chambre/ and there took the kings place/ and claimed the crown as his proper inheritance and right/ and cast forth in writing his title/ and also how he was ryghtful Eyer/ wherefore was moche to do/ but in conclusion it was appointed and concluded that king harry should regne and be king during his natural life/ For as moche as he had been so long king/ and was possessed/ And after his death the duke of york should be king and his eyre's kings after him/ And forthwith should be proclaimed eyr apparent/ And should be also protector and Regence of englonde during the kings life/ with many other things ordained in the same parliament/ And if king harry during his life went from this appointment/ or any article concluded in the said parliament he should be deposed/ & the duke should take the crown and be king/ all which things were enacted by thauthority of the said parliament/ At which parliament the Commons of the Royamme being assembled in the common house comening and treating upon the title of the said duke of york/ suddenly fill down the crown which hinge thenne in the mids of the said house which is the fraytour of thabbey of westmynstre/ which was taken for a prodyge or token that the reign of king harry was ended and also the crown which stood on the byest tour of the stepel in the Castel of dover fill down this same year/   

¶ Capitulum 32  
THenne for as moche as the queen with the prince was in the north/ and absented her from the king/ And would not obey such things as was concluded in the parliament/ it was ordained that the duck of york as protector should go norward for to bring in the queen and subdue such as would not obey/ with whom went the earl of Salysbury/ Syre Thomas nevylle his son with moche people/ And at wakefelde in Crystemasse week they were all overthrown and slain by the lords of the queens partye· that is to weet the duke of york slain th'earl of Rutland/ Syre thomas neuyll and many moo/ th'earl of Salysbury was taken a live and other as johan harow of london capitain of the foot men/ and hanson of hull/ which were brought to pountfret/ and there after byheded and their hedes sent to york and set upon the yates/ And thus was that noble prince slain the duke of york/ on whose soul & on all crysten souls god have mercy Amen/ And this time th'earl of march being in shrewesbury hearing the death of his father/ desired assistance and aid of the town for to avenge his faders d●th/ And from thennes went to walies/ where at Candelmasse after he had a battle at mortemers cross against thearls of penbroke and of wylshyre/ where the earl of march had the victory/ Thenne the queen with the lords of the north after they had distressed and slain the duck of york and his felauship/ came southward with a great multitude and puyssance of people for to come to the king/ and defeat such conclusions as had been taken before by the parliament/ against whose coming the Duke of norfolk/ the earl of warwycke with moche people and ordinance went unto saint Albon's/ And lad king harry with 'em/ And there encountered together in such wise and fought that the duke of norfolk/ and th'earl of warwick with other of their party fled and lost that journey/ where king harry was taken/ and went with the queen and prince/ and his son/ which though had gotten that field/ ¶ Thenne the queen and her party being at their above sent anon to london/ which was on Asshwednesday/ the first day of lente for vytaylle/ which the mayer ordained by thaduys of the aldermen that certain carts laden with vytaylle should be sent to saint Albon to them/ And when though carts came to crepylgate/ the Commons of the cyte that kept that gate took the vytaylles from the carts/ and would not suffer it to pass/ ¶ Thenne were there certain Aldermen and comeners appointed to go to barnet for to speak with the queens counseylle for to entrete that the northern men should be sent home again in to their countraye again/ For the Cyte of london dread sore to be rob and despoylled/ if they had come And thus during this trayttye tidings came that the Earl of warwick had met with th'earl of march on Cotteswold coming out of wales with many wallshmen/ And that they both were coming to londonward/ Anon as these tidings were known the trayttye was broken/ For the king/ queen prince/ and all the other lords that were with 'em departed from saint albons northward with all their people/ yet oer they departed they byheded the lord Boneyle/ and Sir thomas cryel/ which were taken in the journey done in the shroftewysday. Thenne the duchess of york being at london and hearing of the loss of the Field of saint albons sent over see her two young sons George and Richard which went to utrecht/ And phelyp malpas a rich merchant of london/ thomas vaghan squire and master wylliam hatteclyf/ and many other fering the coming of the queen to london took a ship of Andwerp for to have gone in to Zealand/ And on that other coost were taken of one Colompne a Frensshman a ship of war and he took 'em prisoners/ and brought 'em in to France/ where they paid great good for their raunsonne/ and there was moche good and richesse in that ship/   

¶ Capitulum Trisesimum Tercium/  
then when the Earl of march and th'earl of warwick had met together on Cottiswold incontinent they concluded to go to london/ And sent word anon to the Mayer and to the cyte that they should come/ Anon the Cyte was glad of their coming hoping to be relieved by them/ And so they came to london/ Andrea when they were comen and had spoken with the lords and astates/ then being there concluded for as moche as king harry was go with them northward/ that he had forfeited his crown and aught to be deposed according unto the acts made and passed in the last parliament//  
And so by thaduys of the lords spirituel and temporel thenne being ot london· the earl of march Edward by the grace of god oldest son of Richard duke of york as ryghtful heir and next enherytour to his father/ the fourth day of march the year of our lord Lix took possession of the Royamme of Englond at westmynstre in the great hall. And after in the church of the abbey and offered as king bearing the Septre Royal/ to whom all the lords both spirituel and temporell died homage and obeyssaunce as to their sovereign/ lyege/ and lawful lord and king/ And forthwith it was proclaimed through the Cyte king Edward the fourth of that name/ And anon after the king rood in his Ryall astate norward with all his lords for to subdue his subgettis that time being in the north/ and tavenge his father's death/ And on palmsonday after he had a great battle in the north country at a place called Towton not far fro york/ where with the help of god he gate the field and had the vyctorye· where were slain of his adversaries thirty thousand men & moo as it was said by men that were there/ In which battle was slain the earl of northumberlond/ the lord clyfford/ Sir johan N●uyll/ the earl of westmerlandes brother/ Andrew Trollop/ and many other knights and squires/ ¶ Thenne king harry that had been king being with the queen and Prince at york/ hearing the loss of that felled and so moche people slain and overthrown/ anon forthwith departed all three with the duke of Somersete/ the lord roos and other toward scotland/ And the next day king Edward with all his army entered in to york/ and was there proclaimed king/ and obeyed as he aught to be/ And the mayer Aldermen and comyns sworn to be his lyege men/ and when he had tarried a while in the north and that all the country there had turned to him/ he returned southward leaving the Earl of warwyck in though parties for to keep and govern that country/ And about mydsomer after the year of our lord god a thousand four honderd and syxty/ And the first year of his reign he was crowned at westmynstre and enoynted king of Englond having the hoole possession of all the hoole royalme/ whom I pray god save and keep/ and send him thaccomplysshement of the remnant of his rightful inheritance by yond the see/ And that he may regne in them to the playsyre of almighty god/ herthe of his soul/ honour and worship in this present life/ and we'll and prouffyte of all his subgettis/ and that there may be a very final peace in all crysten Royames that the Infydeles and myscreauntes may be withstanden and destroyed/ and our faith enhanced/ which in these days is sore mynuysshed by the puissance of the Turks and heathen men/ And that after this present and short life we may come to the everlasting life in the blysshe of heaven/ Amen    

And here I make an end of this little work as nigh as I can find after the form of the werk tofore made by Ranulph monk of Chestre/ And where as there is fault/ I beseech them that shall rede it to correct it/ For if I could have founden moo stories/ I would have set in it moo/ but the substance that I can find and know I have shortly set 'em in this book. to thintent that such things as have been done sith the death or end of the said book of polycronycon should be had in remembrance and not put in oblyvyon ne forgetting/ praying all them that shall see this simple work to pardon me of my simple/ and rude writing/ ¶ Ended the second day of juyll the xxij year of the reign of king Edwardthe fourth & of the Incarnation of our lord a thousand four honderd four score and twain/  
finished per Caxton