THE WHOLE Aphorisms of great HIPPOCRATES Prince of Physicians: Faithfully translated into English for the benefit of such as are ignorant of the Greek & Latin Tongues. Whereunto is annexed a short discourse of the nature & substance of the Eye, with ma ny excellent & approved remedies for the cure of most the diseases thereof. With an exact Table showing the substance of every APHORISM.  
AT LONDON Printed by H. L. for Richard Redmer and are to be sold at the great West-doore of Paul's, at the sign of the Star. 1610.   

TO THE WORSHIPFUL AND his worthy friend M. TIMOTHY CHALONER, a great lover of learning.  
PHilostratus, a famous Philosopher, writing sometimes to a Noble young man, useth these words: Cavendum esse ne temporis precium sine fructu praetereat: and Nazianzenus saith, that our time being but short, and yet precious, is not carelessly, and negligently to be let slip; but that every man in his Place, and Calling, is to do some good to the Country & Commonwealth wherein he was borne. For which cause, I have taken some pains in the publication of these Aphorisms; a work very needful to be known, and understood, by all sorts of people: and as Leonardus Fucchius witnesseth, the best work that ever Hip. compiled; wishing that all Physicians and chirurgeons, should carry them in their bosoms: as it is reported of Tully, concerning the Comedies of Terence, tanquam in sinu portare, & to have them at their finger's ends.  
These Aphorisms were first of all written in the Greek, and since translated into Latin by many excellent and learned Physicians, and are daily set forth with large Comments: which doth show unto us their excellency and worthiness. For a man may by them preserve himself from sickness being in health, and being sick cure himself of sickness.  
Accept therefore I pray you of these Labours, which I for the benefit of my Country have undertaken to make common: which if you shall so do, I shall little esteem of the venomous teeth of any carper. For, to you only I present them as a token of my love, & affection, which I bear unto you: not for many favours which I have received from you, but for your many virtues and love of learning which is known to be in you. For (truly) I do not know to whom books may better be presented, then to those that love books, whereof I know you to have many; a great riches to you, but little regarded with thousands of your rank. But I leave to trouble you: and wishing you as many happy years, as you have virtues, I commit you to the Almighty his protection.  
Yours, S. H.   

To the understanding Reader.  
I Doubt not (gentle Reader) but thou art very well acquainted with the hardness of translation, and how uneasy it it is to translate a Greek Author into our english tongue, that it should carry that grace and elegancy, as in the original. For as a fruitful tree being removed out of a fertile soil, into a barren, doth rather wither ●●d become unfruitful, then to bring forth such and the like kind of fruit as formerly it did; so doth it happen with a diverse translation: so that the first translation cannot have the grace of the original, nor a second translation, that of the first, but must needs seem more harsh and barren than the first: So I fear me it will happen with these Aphorisms, which were first written in Greek by the Author, and after in latin, and now as thou seest in English. Wherefore if thou dost find any faults committed, or any mistaking in the translation, my request is that thou wilt rather wink at a small fault, until it may be amended, then to carp with Zoilus, and do nothing thyself. Well, what the labour hath been to the Translator, sapientum sit judicium; this I am sure, it is for thy profit if thou list, and for the benefit of all such as do not understand either greek or latin. And if thou accept of this work kindly, thou mayst have it hereafter in better fashion, and perhaps with a Comment. In the mean time use these, and let the Translator have thy good word: and so fare thou well.   

An exact Table, showing every Aphorism per taining to every Disease.  

Of sickness of the Head. Read Aphorism 71. Sect 4. 64, 5. 67, 5. 40, 2. 5, 6. 7, 6. 10, 6. 22, 6. 51, 6. 

Lethargy read 20. 7.  
dead sleep. 1, 2.  
Overmuch waking. 3, 2.  
Apoplexy 57, 6. 42, 2. 43, 2.  
Melancholy, 24, 6. 56, 6. 11, 6. 9, 4.  
Madness, 22, 6. 5, 7.  
Doting 53, ●.  
Sleep 2, 2.  
Falling sickness 46, 2. 8, 5.    
Of the Dispositions of the Sinews. 

Palsy 18, 5.  
Cramp 57, 4. 66, 4. 67, 4. 79, 4. 1, 5. 2, 5. 3, 5. 4, 5. 6, 5. 7, 5. 18, 5. 17, 5. 23, 5. 39, 6. 9, 7. 10, 7. 13, 7. 18, 7. 26, 7.  
Astonishment 14, 7.  
Of the wry mouth, nose, or lips. 49, 4.    
Of the dispositions of the Eyes. 12, 3. 13, 3. 14, 3. 18, 3. 17, 3. 22, 3. 49, 4. 52, 4. 17, 6. 31, 6. 52, 6. 47, 7.  
Of the dispositions of the Ears. 49, 4.  
Of the dispositions of the Nose. 2, 6. 40, 2. 23, 3. 14, 3. 15, 3. 32, 3. 36, 7. 25, 5. 

Flux of blood at the nose. 37, 3. 27, 4. 60, 4. 75, 4. 32, 5. 10, 6. 9, 7.  
Sneezing. 34, 5. 12, 6. 52, 7.    
Of the diverse dispositions of the Mouth and the Tongue. 25, 3. 32, 6. 

Dispositions of the teeth 26, 3. 53, 4. 26, 3.  
Of the Affects of the throat, read 23, 3. 34, 4. 37, 4. 11, 5. 37, 6. 60, 7.    
Affects of the Breast and Lungs. 68, 4. 

Asthma. 46, 6.  
the voice 6, 5. 51, 5. 48, 7.  
spitting of blood. 30, 3. 67, 4. 47, 4. 14, 5. 10, 6. 15, 7. 37, 8.  
Pleurisy 12, 1. 6, 3. 24, 3. 9, 5. 16, 5. 16, 6. 33, 6.  
Peripneumonia 34▪ 6 12, 7.  
Empiema or spitting of matter. 27, 6.  
Phtisicke 11, 3. 14, 3. 23, 3. 30, 3. 8, 4. 10, 5. 12, 5. 13, 5. 16, 5. 64, 5. 16, 7.    
Affects of the Heart. 66, 4. 

Affects of the Paps. 36, 5. 27, 5. 38, 5. 39, 5. 50, 5. 52, 5. 54, 5.    
Affects of the Stomach. 15, 1. 18, 1. 33, 2. 

Difficulty of swallowing 35, 4.  
Pain of of the stomach 66, 4. 21, 2.  
of Thirst 27, 5.  
Vomiting 2, 1. 7, 4. 22, 4. 10, 7.  
Of the Hicket 4, 5. 13, 6. 15, 6. 17, 7.    
Affects of the Liver. 

Pain of the liver 53, 7.  
apostumes of the liver 60, 5. 18, 6. 46, 7.  
Dropsy 23, 3. 8, 6. 22, 6. 11, 4. 35, 6. 43, 6. 5, 7. 48, 7. 46, 7.  
Of the hypocondres 64, 4. 74, 4. 64, 5. 40, 6.    
Affects of the Gaul and Spleen. 

jaundice 64, 4. 63, 4. 71, 5. 42, 6.  
of the spleen 23, 3. 43, 6. 48, 6.    
Fluxes of all kinds. 14, 2. 21, 4. 22, 4. 23, 4. 24, 4. 26, 4. 28, 4. 49, 5. 1, 6. 3, 6. 32, 6. 43, 6. 48, 6. 5, 7. 24, 7. 30, 7. 31. 7. 

Pains of the Intestins. 11, 4. 49, 4. 5, 6. 7, 6.  
Iliac passion 44, 6. 10, 7.    
Affects of the Fundament. 11, 6. 12. 6. 

Affects of the reins. 6, 4. 80 ●●  
〈…〉 7, 6. 35, 7. 36, 7. 37, 7. 55, 7.    
Affects of the Bladder▪ 17, 3. 23, 3. 27, 3. 32, 3. 70, 4. 71, 4. 73, 4. 72, 4. 74, 4. 75, 4. 70, 4. 76, 4. 77, 4. 75, 4. 80, 4. 82, 4. 83, 2. 84, 4. 58, 5. 19, 6. 44, 4. 32, 7. 34, 7. 35, 7. 39, 7. 40, 7. 49, 7.  
Affects of the members of Generation in men. 63, 5. 19, 6.  
Of the Affects of the members of Generation in Women. 13, 3. 1, 4. 28, 5, 29, 5. 30, 5. 31, 5. 32, 5. 33, 5. 34, 5. 35, 5. 36, 5. 37, 5. 38, 5. 39, 6. 40, 5. 41, 5. 42, 5. 43, 5. 44, 5. 45, 5. 46, 5. 47, 5. 48, 5. 49, 5. 50, 5. 51, 5. 52, 5. 53, 5. 54, 5. 55, 5. 56, 5. 57, 5. 59, 5. 60, 5. 61, 5. 62, 5. 28, 7.  
Of the Affects that do appear in the extreme parts. 46, 2. 20 4. 31, 4. 33, 4. 44, 4. 25, 5. 21, 6. 22, 6. 28, 6. 29, 6. 30, 6. 34, 6. 49, 8. 49, 6. 55, 6. 59, 6. 60, 5.  
Aphorisms, touching Fevers. 12, 1. 14, 1. 23, 2. 25, 2. 26, 2. 28, 2. 30, 2. 34, 2. 7▪ 3▪ 8. 3. 10, 3. 12, 3. 22, 3. 29, 4. 31, 4. 44, 4. 43. 4. 46, 4. 48, 4. 45, 4. 49, 4. 50, 4. 51, 4. 52, 4. 53, 4. 55, 4. 56, 4. 67, 4. 58, 4. 60, 4. 62, 4. 63, 4. 94, 4. 66, 4. 67, 4. 68, 4. 69, 4. 26, 6. 54, 6. 71, 4.  
Of Diet to be observed in Fevers. 4, 1. 5, 1. 6, 1. 7, 1. 8, 1. 9, 1. 10, 1. 11, 1. 13, 1. 14, 1. 15, 1. 16, 1. 17, 1. 18, 1. 19, 1.  
These Aphorisms following, belong only to the Chirurgeon. 27, 6. 31, 6. 38, 6. 55, 6. 24, 6. 49, 6. 60, 6. 67, 5. 25, 6. 14, 7. 20, 7. 21, 6. 21, 7. 26, 2. 4, 6. 18, 6. 45, 6. 2, 7. 14, 7. 24, 7. 47, 2. 16▪ 6. 46, 2. 77, 7. 50, 6. 19, 6. 24, 6. 50, 7. 20, 5. 50, 8.    
The Aphorisms of Hypocrates Prince of Physicians.  


The Argument of the 1. Section.  
THis first Section of Aphorisms doth handle for the most part the dietary part of Physic; prescribing not only the measure & observation in meats and drinks for sound bodies, but also for those bodies that are sick and diseased, with a moderation also of labour and exercise.  

Aphorism. 1.  
THe life of man is short, the Art of Physic long, occasion sudden, experience uncertain, judgement difficult. Neither is it sufficient that the Physician do his office, unless also the Patient, and those which are attendants about him do their duty, and that outward things be as well ordered as those that are given inwardly.   

[2]  
In distemperatures, looseness, flux of the belly, and vomitings, which do come of their own accord; if those things be purged which ought to be purged, they are easily suffered, & are profitable: but if it be otherwise it falleth out contrary. In like sort if such an emptying of vessels be done as should be, it is well suffered: but otherwise it is hurtful. Wherefore, discreet consideration is to be had, both of the region & the time, as also of the age and the quality of the disease for which such things ought to be evacuated, or else not.   

[3]  
The full habit and state of the bodies of wrestlers and Champions if it come to the highest degree of fullness is dangerous, for it cannot continue or remain in the same state: and when it cannot so remain, nor grow into a better habit, it remaineth that it must needs decline into a worse. Wherefore that over-full plight of body must be speedily dissolved, to the end it may take a beginning of new nourishment: Neither must we proceed so far that the vessels be quite empty & void (for that is dangerous) but we must proceed so far as Nature will bear & tolerate. So, extreme evacuations are perilous, & so again extreme repletions are likewise dangerous.   

[4]  
A small & slender diet, in long & linger diseases is always dangerous: & so in sharp sickness when it is not convenient. And again diet reduced to extreme slenderness is as full of peril as extreme repletion & fullness is laborious & painful.   

[5]  
The sick may offend in a slender diet: for thereby it happeneth that they grow worse; for every error in this case is wont to prove more dangerous, then should be. Wherefore a very slender diet and too precise is somewhat dangerous to a sound & healthful body, because they endure the errors thereof with more difficulty. Wherefore a thin & exact manner of diet for the most part is more dangerous than that which is a little more full and plentiful then should be.   

[6]  
To extreme diseases extreme and exquisite remedies are the best.   

[7]  
When therefore the disease is sharp, & hath forthwith most extreme pains and passions, we must use a most exceeding slender diet when it is so: but in the contrary we may minister a fuller, and give more nourishment: and as the disease shall decline we may remit the manner of thin diet, by little and little, & give the patiented more meat.   

[8]  
When the force of the disease is greatest, than a most sparing diet is to be kept and observed.   

[9]  
But we must conjecture by the sick-man, whether he be able to hold out, and persist with the prescribed diet, even to the state and uttermost extremity of the disease, or may faint or fail, and being too weak with such diet may yield the victory to the disease, before it retire & be quailed.   

[10]  
In diseases which shall come instantly to their state, we must instantly administer slender diet, but in the which shall not come so soon to state, we must a little diminish diet: both in the time of the vigour, & extremity, and also a little about the time of the fit: but before we may allow more liberal diet, that the sick man may be able to hold out.   

[11]  
In fits and their fierce invasions, we must take away meat; for then to give it, it is hurtful: and when diseases do return by circuit, or course, in the recourse of those fits we must use abstinence.   

[12]  
The diseases themselves, & the seasons of the year, & the observation of the proportion of the periods between themselves, whether they be made daily or by certain days returning by course, as the second or every other day, or by greater distance of time, will show the sharp invasions & state of the diseases. Likewise, signs & tokens are taken from those things which do appear afterwards. As for example, in a Pleurisy, if the corrupt matter avoided by spitting do presently appear in the beginning, it declareth the disease shall be but short; but if it be longer before it do appear it declareth to continue longer. Moreover urines, the excrements of the belly and sweats do declare and show the diseases to prove either easy or difficult, short, or long.   

[13]  
Very old men do most easily in dure fasting, and next to them those of middle age, young men not so well, children worst of all; and amongst them chiefly those which are of the more cheerful, quick and lively nature than the rest.   

[14]  
They which grow and increase have great store of natural heat: therefore because they need plentiful and copious nourishment, we must abundantly supply the same: otherwise the body is consumed. But in old men there remaineth but little heat: therefore, they need not so much nourishment to kindle the same, for a small fire is extinguished with abundance of fuel: for that cause fevers which happen to old folk are not so sharp because their bodies are not so hot.   

[15]  
The ventures by nature are most hot in winter and the spring time & the sleeping most long: wherefore at those seasons we ought to afford most meat, because they have most natural heat: whereby it cometh to pass that they need more abundant and plentiful food. Of which thing the differences of ages and the bodies of Champions and wrestlers are manifest arguments.   

[16]  
A moist diet is profitable to all perplexed with agues; but especially to children & others which have accustomed to use such diet.   

[17]  
We must consider whom it may be convenient to feed once or twice, more, or less, and by little & little: we must attribute something to the season, region, ages and custom.   

[18]  
Sickly folk do most hardly brook store of meat in summer, in winter most easily, in the spring time not so easily.   

[19]  
Nothing must be given to them, neither must they be constrained to take meat which have fits returning at certain determined courses: but we ought to diminish food before manifest tokens appear to judge of the disease.   

[20]  
We ought not to move, alter, or change those things which are, or have been justly determined by nature, either with medicines or other procurements, but to let them alone.   

[21]  
Carry those things which are to be drawn out, thither whither they shall seem to incline, and bend, by such ways and places fittest for conveyance & expulsion.   

[22]  
We must move with medicine those things which are concocted & digested; and not those things which are raw and undigested: Neither in the beginning of diseases unless they be provoked by their own force and violence, which very seldom cometh to pass.   

[23]  
Things evacuated and purged are not to be estimated by the multitude, but advisedly to be considered if those things be avoided & sent forth which should & ought to be, and if also the Patient do easily endure it. Also when it is needful we must evacuate even to swooning & fainting of life, if the Patient be 
Meaning blood-letting.  able to endure it.   

[24]  
In sharp diseases, and in their beginning we ought seldom to use a purging medicine: Neither must it be done without great advise & judgement.   

[25]  
If those things be avoided and purged which should be, it doth good & the sick can easily suffer it: but if the contrary be evacuated, they do painfully endure it.   
The end of the first section of the Aphorisms. Now followeth the second.   

The Argument of the see con Section of Aphorisms.  
THIS second Section, of which the universal and full scope, or intention cannot well be assigned and set down, hath many things appertaining to the Doctrine of Ages, Signs, Nature & purgation.  

[1]  
IF sleep bring pain and labour in the disease, it is a mortal sign: but if it bring ease and mitigation of pain the sign is not deadly.   

[2]  
When a Delirium & raving, is appeased by sleep it is a good sign.   

[3]  
Sleep and watching, if they be immoderate & shall exceed a mean, are evil.   

[4]  
Neither satiety, neither hunger, neither any other thing which shall exceed the measure of nature, can be good or healthful.   

[5]  
Weariness and dullness proceeding of their own accord do signify diseases to come.   

[6]  
They which suffer pain of any part of the body, and do not almost feel the pain have their understanding distempered and diseased.   

[7]  
Bodies extenuated and wasted with long sickness are to be restored and refreshed by little and little: but those which have been brought low quickly and in short time are sooner to be restored.   

[8]  
If any man eating meat after a sickness, doth not recover strength; it argueth his body is burdened and oppressed with too much store of food: But if the same hap to one feeding meanly, we must understand that he hath need of evacuation.   

[9]  
By how much the more thou shalt nourish & cherish impure & corrupt bodies, by so much the more thou shalt harm and hurt them.   

[10]  
He which will purge bodies must make them fluxible and apt to flow before.   

[11]  
It is more easy to be restored with drink than with meat.   

[12]  
Those things which are left behind after the Crisis in the body after sickness, they are wont to bring forth backsliding diseases again.   

[13]  
The night which goeth before the fit and invasion is wont to be tedious and grievous to them to whom the Crisis is caused, but the night following is wont to be more easy and light.   

[10]  
The alteration of the excrements not made to the worse part, in the fluxes of the belly is good.   

[15]  
When the upper parts of the throat or gullet are sore, or a breaking out of weals do arise in the body, it behoveth us to look upon the excrements: for if they shall be choleric the body is also sick: but if they shall be like the excrements of sound persons the body may be cherished without danger.   

[16]  
When hunger beareth sway, we must rest from much stirring or labour.   

[17]  
When overmuch meat is received against nature, it causeth sickness: as the manner of curing diseases, proceeding from repletion doth declare.   

[18]  
The excretions and avoydings of excrements are wont to be quick, if they come of those things which do nourish speedily and plentifully.   

[19]  
Predictions and foretellings of death or health in sharp diseases are not altogether certain.   

[20]  
They which in young age have their belly moist and loose, in old age have it dry and hard: and chose they which being young men have their womb or belly dry and costive, being aged have the same moist and lax.   

[21]  
Drinking of strong wine putteth away hunger.   

[22]  
Diseases which are bred of satiety and surfeiting are cured by evacuation: and those which proceed from emptiness are cured by fullness: and in other things, contraries are the remedies of contraries.   

[23]  
Acute and sharp diseases are judged and determined within fourteen days (and have their Crisis.)   

[24]  
The fourth day is the Index of the seventh: the eighth day the beginning of the week following. Also the eleventh day is to be considered, for that is the fourth day of the second week. And again, the seventeenth day is to be considered, for that is the iiij▪ from the fowrteenth, and the seventh from the eleventh.   

[25]  
The Quartan fevers of the summer are for the most part short: but the Autumnal long; especially those which remain unto the winter: which are most long.   

[26]  
It is better that a fever should succeed a convulsion, then that a convulsion should succeed a fever.   

[27]  
We ought not to be too confident, if any thing more easy & light do happen in sharp diseases without any great reason: neither to be troubled if any thing more grievous do suddenly fall out. For, many such things are uncertain, neither are they wont to persist▪ and continue long.   

[28]  
If the body of them which have a sharp fever▪ do abide all at one stay, & nothing abated, or else is melted and wasted away beyond reason, it is a very evil sign: for the first doth signify a continuance of the disease, and the latter a great weakness and imbecility of nature.   

[29]  
In the beginnings of diseases, if any thing seem good to be moved for evacuation, move it: but being in their state it is far better to let it alone.   

[30]  
About the beginnings and end of diseases, all things are more calm and remiss: in the vigour and state more vehement.   

[31]  
If the body thrive not to him that after a disease feedeth well, it is evil.   

[32]  
Those which in the beginning of sickness do feed much, and do not prosper therewith, all such for the most part do at last fall into a loathing of meat. On the contrary, those which in the beginning do vehemently abhor food, & afterwards desire much meat, are more easily freed from their sickness.   

[33]  
In any disease (similar, instrumental, or common) if reason be not weakened nor hurt, but that they are desirous of those things which are offered, it is good: but if it be otherwise it is an evil thing.   

[34]  
They are not so dangerously sick, to whose nature, age, habit, or season, the disease in familiar and agreeable, as they to whom the disease is not agreeable in any of those proportions.   

[35]  
It is better in any disease that the parts adjoining to the Navel and nethermost belly be somewhat thick and gross: for the extenuation and consumption of them is evil: and then it is not safe to minister purgations working downwards.   

[36]  
Those which are endued with health of body, do quickly faint, drinking a purging potion: and so in like manner those are impaired which do use naughty and corrupt nourishment.   

[37]  
Those which are of sound and perfect health of body do painfully and grievously endure purging medicines.   

[38]  
Those meats and drinks which are worse yet pleasant, are to be preferred before those which are better, but yet unpleasant and distasting.   

[39]  
For the most part old men are not so often sick as the young are. But being once taken with long diseases they most commonly die of them.   

[40]  
Rheums descending down to the mouth, and falling down to the throat, do not come to concoction in those which are very old.   

[41]  
They die suddenly, which do often and exceedingly sown and faint without any manifest cause.   

[42]  
Thou shalt never cure a strong apoplexy▪ and also a weak one very hardly.   

[43]  
Strangled and suffocated folk, being not as yet dead, do not return to themselves, if about their mouth there shall appear spume or foam collected and gathered together.   

[44]  
Those that are very gross by nature, do enjoy shorter life than those which are lean.   

[45]  
Change and alteration of place and diet, than also most especially of age, doth deliver children from the Epilepsia & Falling evil.   

[46]  
Of two pains at one time not possessing the self same place, that which is the more vehement, doth dull the sense and feeling of the other which is not so vehement.   

[47]  
Whiles the filthy and corrupt matter is digesting, pains, and agues do rather happen, then when it is digested and brought to maturation.   

[48]  
In every exercise of the body, when it beginneth to be wearied, straightways rest doth mitigate the wearisomeness.   

[49]  
Those which are accustomed to daily labours, although they be weak or old men, do more easily endure accustomed exercises: then those which are not accustomed to them although they be strong and young men.   

[50]  
Things accustomed a long time, although they be worse, are wont to be less grievous than those things unaccustomed: wherefore also a change is to be made to unaccustomed things.   

[51]  
It is dangerous, at one time much and suddenly either to empty, fill, hear, or to cool, or by any other means to move or stir the body: for any thing passing the bounds of mediocrity is an enemy to nature: for that is safe which is done by little and little, both at other times and also most especially when an alteration and change is to be made from one thing to an other.   

[52]  
He must not pass forthwith from one medicine to an other, when all things, fall not out so well as they should to him which doth proceed by good reason, so that remain still which seemed to him to be so from the beginning.   

[53]  
Those which have a moist womb or belly, do pass their youthful age more easily than those which have the same dry: but they pass their old age more hardly & with more difficulty; for when they wax old for the most part it is dried.   

[54]  
As greatness & talness of of body is comely to the state of young age, so it is more unprofitable than littleness, & low stature, in old age.  
The end of the second Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates.    

Here followeth the third Section.  
The Argument.  
THis third book is almost reduced to the discourse of ages or times, expressing unto us two Common places, that is to say the strength and the forces of ages, and the diversity of diseases throughout those ages and times.  

[1]  
Alteration and variableness of the seasons do most especially bring forth diseases, and likewise great alterations of cold and heat in those seasons, and of other things answering to them in proportion.   

[2]  
Some natures are well, or ill in the summer season, and others are well or ill in the winter.   

[3]  
Some diseases are well or ill affected, some more to one time, and some to an other; & some ages more to some one time, place, & kind of diet, than they are to an other.   

[4]  
Autumnal diseases are to be expected in these seasons, when on the self same day, it is some times hot, and some times cold.   

[5]  
The South wind dulleth the hearing, obscureth and darkeneth the sight, offendeth the head with aches and rheums, procureth & causeth heaviness & faintness in the members. When therefore it is frequent and bloweth often, such things happen and are incident to the weak and sickly. chose▪ the North wind causeth coughs, exasperateth and excoriateth the jaws, hardeneth the belly, suppresseth urine, stirreth up cold shiverings, and shake, engendereth pains of the side and breast. Therefore when this wind beareth sway, those that are weak and feeble, must expect and look for such accidents.   

[6]  
When summer is like the spring time, we must expect much sweeting in agues.   

[7]  
Sharp Agues are engendered with great droughts and dryness: and if the year proceed to be such as the state of the season is, which it hath affected, we must expect such kinds of diseases.   

[8]  
In certain and moderate times, observing their seasonableness, certain and seasonable diseases having a happy determination, are engendered: But in uncertain, wavering, and unseasonable times, uncertain diseases are engendered (whose Crisis is accompanied with grievous accidents.   

[9]  
In Autumn universally there are most sharp and pernicious diseases: but the spring time is most wholesome and not dangerous.   

[10]  
Autumn is hurtful to such as are in a consumption.   

[11]  
Amongst the parts of the year, if the winter shall be drier and the wind northernly, and the spring much raining and the wind southernly it must of necessity fall out, that in summer sharp agues, rhtums in the eyes, bloody fluxes do happen, especially to women and to men being moist by nature.   

[12]  
contrarily, if winter shallbe southernly, full of rain, and warm, and the spring dry & northernly, women whose childbirth and deliverance happeneth near the spring do upon the least occasion suffer aborsment and untimely birth: or if they be delivened at their due time, they bring forth such weak and diseased children, so that either they die quickly, or live but leanly and sickly. To others there happeneth bloody fluxes and hot inflammations of the eyes, and to old men rheums which do quickly bring destruction.   

[13]  
Summer being dry and the wind northernly, Autumn full of rain and the wind southernlie, vehement pains of the head are to be expected in the winter following. Also, coughs hoarseness, and rheums, distilings at the nostrils, & to some pining consumptions.   

[14]  
A northernly and dry Autumn is profitable and good to men which are moist by nature, and also to women: to others, it causeth hot inflammations in the eyes, and fevers partly sharp and partly long, and some also are troubled with melancholy by 〈◊〉   

[15]  
Of all the seasons throughout the whole year, dryness and droughts are more wholesome and less dangerous to man's life, then daily showers of rain and moisture.   

[16]  
When much rain showreth down, these diseases for the most part are engendered, that is to say, long continuing agues, fluxes of the belly, corruption of the humours, falling sickness, apoplexies, or the dead palsies, the squinances in the throat: but when there is much dryness and drought there happeneth consumptions, rheums in the eyes ●●●ines of the joints, difficulty in making urine, and the passion of the Intestins.   

[17]  
Daily seasons of weather being northernly do close and strengthen the bodies, they make them more movable and nimble, better coloured, and more strong and able in hearing: they dry & harden the belly, but they bite & offend the eyes: and if any pain have before possessed the breast, they make it more fierce and grievous. Contrarily, southernely constitutions do loose and moisten those bodies, they dull the hearing, they bring giddiness of the head, they bring mistiness, and dimness of the eyes, dullness and laziness to the body, they make the belly loose and laxative.   

[18]  
As touching Seasons of the year, in the spring and prime of summer, children and those which are nearest to them in age, do live best in health. But in summer & in some part of Autumn old men live best: but in the rest of Autumn and winter they which lead a middle age.   

[19]  
Any diseases are engendered in any times of the year: yet many are rather caused and stirred, in someone more than in an other.   

[20]  
In the spring there happeneth madness, Melancholy, the falling evil, fluxes of blood, the Squinancy, rheums, distillations of humours, coughs, leprosies, dry scabs, Morphues and many ulcerous weals, bushes, and pains of the joints.   

[21]  
In summer there are some of those specified before in the spring: also continual fevers and burning agues, and many Tertians also and Quartan agues, & vomitings, fluxes of the belly, inflammations of the eyes, pains of the ears, ulcerations of the mouth, rotting and putrefying of the privy members, and sweatings.   

[22]  
Also many summer diseases are in Autumn, both Quartans & also uncertain and wandering agues, swellings of the spleen, hydropsy, consumptions, strangury, looseness and excoriation of the bowels, aches of the huckle bone, the squinancy, shortness of breath, a straight pressing or drawing together of the bowels in some part of them, the falling sickness, madness & melancholy.   

[23]  
In winter are engendered pleurisies, inflammation of lungs, lethargy, rheum in the nostrils, hoarseness coughs, pains of the breast sides, and loins, headaches, swimming and giddiness of the head, (causing dimness to the eyes) Apoplexies (or sudden deprivation of the senses.)   

[24]  
But as concerning ages, these diseases do happen to little children, and lately borne; ulcers in the mouth, vomiting, coughs, want of sleep, great fears, inflammations of the navel, moist running at the ears.   

[25]  
The time of teeth-breeding coming, there happeneth itching of the gums, fevers, convulsions, fluxes of the belly; especially when they bring forth their teeth, and most principally to those children which are most fat and gross and have their belly hard and bound.   

[26]  
To those children which are a little bigger there doth happen inflammations of the almonds of the mouth, disjointing & dislocation of the turning joints in the nape of the neck inwardly, shortness of wind, breeding of the stone round worms, gut worms, long hanging warts, unnatural erection of the Yard, difficulty▪ in making of water, Scrophulus in the neck, and other risings, especially those before declared.   

[27]  
Moreover, to those which are greater and coming to ripe age, there happen many of those former diseases▪ but more often, long continuing agues, and flux of blood issuing out of the nostrils.   

[28]  
The diseases of children for the most part, some of them do attain to the Crisis, or alteration within 40. days: some within seven months: some within seven years, others when they come to ripe age. But those which shall continue longer, and shall neither be dissolved, to men children when they come to ripe age, nor to may den children when their monthly terms break forth, Hi consenescere consueverunt.   

[29]  
To young men▪ there doth happen spitting of blood, consumptions, sharp fevers, falling sickness, and other diseases, but chiefly these now rehearsed.   

[30]  
To those which have passed beyond this young age, there doth happeu shortness of breath, impostumes of the lungs, lethargies, frenzies, burning fevers, long fluxes of the belly, choleric passions, or flowing of the gall, bloody fluxes, fluxes of the stomach and belly of meats indigested, the hemorrhoids and such like.   

[31]  
To old men doth happen difficulty & hardness of breathing, Rheums, with the cough, strangury or avoiding of urine by drop-meale, Disuria & difficulty of making urine, aches of the joints, the stone in the kidneys, giddiness of the brain, Apoplexies, or dead palsies, an evil habit or disposition of the body called Cachexia, itching of the whole body, watchfulness & want of sleep, moistness and humidities of the belly, eyes, and nostrils, dimness of the sight, Glaucoma, and dullness of hearing.   
The end of the third Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates.   

Here followeth the iiij. Section.  
The Argument.  
THis fourth Section is variable; but for the most part is reduced to evacuation and prognostic signs of future events.  

[1]  
Thou shalt purge childbearing women if it be needful, at the fourth month after conception, and so unto the seventh, but those more sparingly: but the conception being young or elder thou shalt abstain.   

[2]  
Such things are to be drawn out of the body, by the use of purging medicines, as they are which issuing forth of their own accord do help the same: but those which issue forth in a contrary manner are to be stopped.   

[3]  
If such things be purged as should be, it doth good, and the patient doth easily endure it: but if otherwise it be done, the patient doth endure it painfully.   

[4]  
In summer it is more convenient to purge the upper ventures, in the winter the inferior by stool.   

[5]  
Under the Canicular or or dog-star, and before the dog-star, purgations are painful anp difficil.   

[6]  
Lean and slender men are easy to vomit, & therefore must be purged by vomit, unless it be in winter.  
7▪ Purge those which do not vomit easily, and being in good plight, downwards by stool, so it be not summer.   

[8]  
Do not purge them upwards which are subject to the phtisick or a consumption.   

[9]  
Thou shalt purge melancholic folk strongly by stool. In like manner beginning the contrary way of purging. (For, light matter bending upwards must be drawn out by the upper parts: But the heavier and grosser matter by the lower parts.)   

[10]  
We must purge in very sharp sicknesses, if the matter do move to the purging of it; and that the very same day wherein the sickness doth begin: for delay in such diseases is very hurtful and dangerous.   

[11]  
Those which have gripings & wring in the belly, and horrible pain about the Navel and the loins, and cannot be eased and dissolved by medicine or otherwise, they shall fall into a dry dropsy called, aqua inter cutem sicca (which is a Tympany.)   

[12]  
Those are not to be purged in winter by vomit without hurt, whose stomach and belly cannot retain meat until it be digested.   

[13]  
Their bodies are to be made moist before hand with abundance and plenty of food and also with ease and rest, which taking a potion of veratrum or hellebor, do hardly and painfully vomit.   

[14]  
Elleborus being drunk, the body ought rather to be moved, then to be yielded to sleep, or rest: for the sailing in a ship, doth manifest that our bodies are stirred and provoked by motion.   

[15]  
When you will have Elleborus or veratrum to work more forcibly, move and stir the body: but when you will stay it, procure sleep, and do not move.   

[16]  
Elleborus is very dangerous to them which have sound flesh, for it engendereth convulsion.   

[17]  
When he which is not sick of an ague doth loath his meat, hath a gnawing of the mouth of the stomach, a darksome giddiness of the brain, and bitterness of the mouth, hit signifieth that he had need to be purged upwards.   

[18]  
Whosoever having need of purging hath pains about the myddryffe, it is a sign that he must be purged upwards: but the pains which are under the same do note a purging downwards to be needful.   

[19]  
Those which do not thirst whiles they are purged with a medicinal potion, shall not leave purging until they shall thirst.   

[20]  
If there be wring and gripings of the guts without a fever, heaviness of the knees, and pain of the loins, they: signify that there is need of purging downward.   

[21]  
Black excrements of the belly like unto black blood, coming forth of their own accord, either with a fever or without a fever are most evil: and by how much the more those evil colours shallbe, by so much the more those excrements shall be the worse: But such things to be expelled out by a medicine, is far better, and that by how much the more colours there shallbe of them.   

[22]  
In the beginning of any disease if black▪ choler come forth either above, or beneath, it is dangerous & pernicious.   

[23]  
Those which are pined and brought low by sharp or long diseases, or by wounds, or any other means, and do avoid black choler, or as it were black blood: do die the next day following.   

[24]  
A bloody flux if it proceed from black choler is mortal.   

[25]  
For blood to be carried upward of what kind soever it be, is an evil sign: but if black blood be egested & avoided downwards, it is good.   

26  
If any man being afflicted with a bloody flux do avoid as it were little pieces of flesh, it is a mortal sign.   

27  
To those which have store of blood flowing, from what part soever in fevers: their bellies become moist, after they have been refreshed.   

28  
Those which avoid choleric excrements downwardly, if deafness come upon the same they do then cease from avoiding of them: and on the other side, those which are affected with deafness are delivered from the same, by the avoiding of choleric excrements.   

[29]  
If cold shake hap to them which are sick of an ague the sixth day, they have a difficult Crisis, and we cannot well judge of the disease.   

[30]  
In them which are afflicted with fits of Agues, howsoever the ague shall leave them; if it return again the same hour the next day, it is wont to have a difficult Crisis and determination.   

31  
Apostumes are caused near the joints, and especially nigh the jaw bones, or mandible, to them which feel weariness, and lassitude in fevers.   

[32]  
Those which recovering and amending from a disease, and have some place grieved with pain, shall have apostums, or botches in the same place.   

[33]  
But if any part shall be pained before the disease, the seat and abiding of the disease is there.   

[34]  
If a suffocation or stopping of the breath do happen upon a sudden to one afflicted with a fever, no swelling appearing in the jaws, or gullet, it is deadly.   

[35]  
If to one afflicted with a fever the neck be suddenly turned awry, and he can scant swallow, and there be no swelling, it is deadly.   

[36]  
Sweats are good to those sick of an ague, which begin to issue forth the third day, fifth, seventh, ninth, eleventh, fowreteenth, seventeenth, one and twentieth, seven and twentieth, thirty one, and thirty four: for those sweats work the dissolution of the disease: those which happen otherwise, signify pain, and length of the disease, or a return of the same.   

[37]  
Cold sweats with a sharp fever, do verily betoken death: but with a more mild & gentle ague, length of the disease.   

[38]  
In what part of the body the sweat is, there is the disease.   

[39]  
And also in what part of the body there is heat, or cold, there the disease is settled.   

[40]  
And when alterations do happen in the whole body so that the body be cooled, and heated again by turns, or one colour arise after an other, they signify continuance of the disease.   

[41]  
Much sweeting▪ caused through sleep, doth signify that the body is said with store of meat: but if this hap to one feeding sparingly, we must know that there is need of evacuation.   

[42]  
When there is much sweat, cold, or hot, alway issuing forth, the cold doth signify the disease to be more grievous: and the hot sweat doth note the disease to be less grievous.   

[43]  
Fevers continual which afflict every third day more vehemently and do not cease, are the more dangerous: but by what manner soever they shall cease, and pause, they signify that there is no present danger.   

(44)  
Swellings and pains about the joints are caused to them which are afflicted with long agues.   

[45]  
Those which have swellings and pains of the joints after agues, do feed over liberally.   

[46]  
If a cold shivering fit, the fever being without intermission, do assail the sick man being already weak, it is a deadly sign.   

[47]  
Excrements avoided in fevers not intermittent, by vomit or spitting, if they be of a leaden colour, bloody, choleric, or stinking, are all evil: but if they come forth conveniently, and easily, they are good. Also, the same consideration is to be had of those things avoided by the belly, and urins. But if any thing be avoided by those places, which doth not help, it is evil.   

[48]  
In continual fevers, if the outward parts are cold, the inward do burn, and the patient be thirsty, it is a deadly sign.   

[49]  
In continual fevers, if the lip, eye, brows, or nose, be perverted or turned awry, if the sickman do not see, nor hear, which-so-ever of these shall happen the body being weak, death is near at hand.   

[50]  
If there happeneth in a continual fever, difficulty and hardness of breathing, with delirium, and doting, the signs are deadly.   

[51]  
Apostumes in fevers which are not dissolved in the first Crisis, or judgements, they signify length of the disease.   

[52]  
It is not absurd to weep and shed tears in fevers and other diseases, voluntarily: but to weep against the will is very absurd, & inconvenient.   

[53]  
They have fierce & vehement fevers, which have a tough & clammy moisture about their teeth in those fevers.   

[54]  
Those which have dry coughs provoking little, are not wont to be very thirsty, in burning fevers.   

[55]  
All fevers proceeding from the tumours in inguine and other adenosus parts, are evil, except those fevers which are called Ephemerae, and last but one day.   

[56]  
Sweat coming▪ upon one sick of an ague, the ague not ceasing, is evil: for the disease is prolonged, and it signifieth that there is much moisture.   

[57]  
If a fever happen to the cramp, Spasmus, or Tetanus: than it dissolveth the cramp.   

[58]  
If a cold shaking fit do come upon him which hath a burning fever, than a deliverance from the disease is procured by it.   

[59]  
An exquisite, and perfect Tertian fever, cometh to his Crisis or state in seven circuits or fits, at the utmost.   

[60]  
Those that wax deaf and thick of hearing through fevers▪ are delivered from that disease by flux of blood at the nose, or by flux of the womb.   

[61]  
Unless the fever shall leave the patiented in the odd days, it is accustomed to return again.   

[62]  
Those which have the yellow jaundice happening unto them upon agues, before the seventh day, have an evil sign.   

[63]  
Those fevers which have their cold shaking fits returning at a certain day, are dissolved the same day.   

[64]  
It is a good thing for them which have the yellow jaundice coming on them in fevers on the seventh day, ninth, eleventh, or fourteenth day: unless the right hypocondrium be hard: for than it is not good but evil.   

[65]  
In fevers, a vehement heat about the stomach, & a gnawing about the heart, is an evil thing.   

[66]  
Convulsions in sharp fevers, and vehement pains about the bowels, are evil.   

[67]  
In fevers, great fears through sleep, or convulsion, do prognosticate evil.   

(68)  
The breath not keeping due course is evil: for it doth signify convulsion.   

(69)  
urins with a fever being thick, clotted, and little in quantity, do profit them which make them, if afterwards thin urins, and much in quantity be avoided of them: but those urins most commonly become such in which the Hypostasis or sediment, shall appear strait after they are made, or not long after.   

[70]  
Those which have their water troubled or unclean in agues, such as are the waters of cattle, have or shall have headache.   

[71]  
Those which shall have their Crisis or alteration of the disease the seventh day, have a little red Cloud in the urine the 4. day, and other things thereunto belonging accordingly.   

[72]  
Vrins very clear and white are very evil, especially if they appear in those which are afflicted with frenzy.   

[73]  
Those which have an inflation of the Hypocondria, and a rumbling pain of the loins succeeding, have their belly moistened and loosened, except the winds break forth downwards, or store of urine do issue forth: and these things happen in fevers.   

[74]  
To those that doubt of apostemations to come about the joints, much urine thick, and white, doth deliver from the apostum, such as is wont to be avoided in painful fevers, the fourth day: when also blood shall issue forth of the nostrils there shall be a dissolution and a deliverance speedily.   

(75)  
If any piss blood or filthy matter, it signifieth an exulceration of the kidneys or bladder.   

[76]  
Those which have small pieces of flesh, and as it were hairs, issuing forth together with thick urine, do avoid those excrements from the kidneys.   

(77)  
Those which avoid with thick urine certain branny contents, have their bladder infected with an ulcer, or scabbedness.   

(78)  
It is signified to them which piss blood upon the sudden, that there is some vein of the kidneys broken.   

(79)  
They in whose urine there appeareth an Hypostasis or sediment full of sand, have their bladder or kidneys diseased with the stone; but especially the bladder, because it hath a very spacious hollowness or cavity.   

[80]  
If any one piss blood or clotts of blood & make his water by drops, having pain in that part of the belly (which is between the navel and the secret parts) named hypogastrion, or at the seame-line of the skinnne of the cods, called perinaeum, and at the place called pecten▪ (where the hair about the privy members groweth) than the places about the bladder are diseased.   

[81]  
If any one piss blood or filthy matter, or little scales, and there be also a stinking or strong smell, it doth betoken an exulceration of the bladder.   

[82]  
Those which have an aposteme bred in the urinary passage, or conduit of the water, they are delivered from it, the same being brought to suppuration & broken.   

[83]  
Voiding of much urine in the night, doth signify final evacuation of excrements by the fundament.   
The end of the fourth Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates.   

Here followeth the 5▪ Section.  
The Argument.  
THe fifth Book or Section is variable yet almost it doth wholly entreat of the diseases of women, & of the good and bad dispositions of the womb.  

[1]  
A Convulsion by taking Elleborus is deadly.   

(2)  
A Convulsion after a wound, is pernicious and deadly.   

[3]  
The hicket or a convulsion, after a copious flux of blood, is evil.   

[4]  
After an immoderate purgation (which the Greeks call Hypercatharsis) a convulsion or hicket is evil.   

[5]  
If any drunken man do suddenly wax dumb, he shall die with convulsion, unless he be taken with a fever, or presently recover his speech at that hour in which the surfeit is dissolved.   

[6]  
Those which are taken with the cramp or distension, named Tetanus, do die within four days: but if they shall overpass them, they recover their health.   

(7)  
The falling sickness which is before ripeness of age, is removed away: but that which happeneth after the 25. year of the age doth for the most part accompany us unto death.   

[8]  
Those which are sick of a pleurisy, unless they be purged upwards, within fowrteene days shall have the disease turned into an impostume.   

[9]  
A consumption most especially happeneth in those ages which are fro the 18▪ year to the thirty and fifth year▪   

[10]  
Those which have the evil cause of the squinancy converted into the lungs, do dry within seven days: but if they escape them, they are affected with corrupt and filthy matter (called empiema)▪   

(11)  
If the spittle which they avoid by coughing that are affected with a consumption, do stink strongly being cast upon the coals, and the hairs of the head do fall off, it is a pernicious & deadly sign.   

(12)  
If a flux of the belly happen to them which have their hair falling away by a consumption, death is near at hand.   

(13)  
Those which cough forth frothy blood, do ●etch and draw the same out of the lungs.   

(14)  
If a flux of the belly come upon him which is in a consumption it is a pernicious sign.   

(15)  
Those which are infected with an impostume by a pleurisy, if they be purged from the corrupt matter within forty days after the breaking of the aposteme, are cured, or otherwise they pass into a consumption.   

(16)  
Hot water too often used bringeth these discommodities; tenderness of the flesh, distemperature of the sinews, heaviness & drowsiness of the mind, fluxes of blood, swoonings, & faintings of life to which death is incident.   

(17)  
But the use of cold water bringeth convulsions, the cramps called Tetani, blackness & cold shake usual in some fevers.   

(18)  
Cold water is hurtful to the bones, teeth, sinews, brain, and marrow of the back: but that which is hot is good and profitable.   

[19]  
We must heat those things which are overcold; except those which power forth blood, or are inclined to power forth blood, in short time▪   

[20]  
Cold water biteth and nippeth ulcers, hardeneth the skin, hindereth the soreness from maturation of the corrupt matter, causeth, blackness, bringeth forth cold shivering fits of▪ agues, convulsions, cramps, and distension of the sinews.   

[21]  
Notwithstanding, there is some time, when in the cramp without an ulcer in a well fleshed young man in the midst of summer, plentiful pouring out of cold water doth call back the heat, and so the heat doth dissolve the cramp.   

(22)  
Hot water yieldeth unto us a great token of security, and safety in that ulcer and sore in which it causeth ripe and well digested matter: it softeneth and mollifieth the skin, it maketh it thin, it doth appease pain, it mitigateth and assuageth cold shake, convulsions, & the cramps (named Tetani) it dissolveth heaviness and pain of the head, it profiteth broken bones very much, especially if they be bare without flesh; and principally in the head: also it profiteth those things which are mortified & exulcerated through cold. Lastly, it is profitable to eating ulcers in the sundament, privy members, womb, bladder: to all those, hot water is a friend and comforter, but cold water is an enemy and a destroyer.   

[23]  
We must use cold water to those sores from whence blood doth issue, or is about to issue, and not to be applied in the same place by which it issueth but to those places from whence it floweth. And if any inflammation or burning of the parts, do incline to a red and bloody colour with fresh clear blood, apply cold things, or cold water unto them: but if the inflammations be inveterate and old, it maketh them black. Also it helpeth the fiery inflammation, named Erysipelas, if it be not ulcerated. For, being ulcerated it hurteth.   

(24)  
Things that are very cold, as snow, and ye, are hurtful to the breast, they procure coughs, they cause ruptures of the veins, and also rheums.   

(25)  
Cold water powered forth abundantly, doth ease and diminish the tumors and pains of the joints, which are without ulceration, & also gouty swellings and pains and convulsions for the most part, & dissolveth dolour and pain: for a small benumbing hath the force of dissolving and putting away of pain.   

(26)  
Water that is quickly made hot, & quickly cold, is most light.   

(27)  
It is good for them which have great desire to drink in the night to fall a sleep, being very thirsty.   

(28)  
A fumigation, or perfume, of odoriferous spices doth bring forth the terms. It would also be profitable for many other things if it did not breed heaviness and pain of the head.   

[29]  
Thou shalt purge a woman with child if it be needful, the fourth month after conception, and so forwards until the beginning of the seventh month: but those that come near the seventh, month not so much: but the foetus▪ being younger or elder thou shalt abstain.   

[30]  
A woman with child, a vein being opened, aborteth & is delivered before due time: and so much the rather, if the foetus be of any bigness.   

[31]  
It is pernicious & deadly if a woman great with child be taken with any sharp disease.   

[32]  
A woman is cured from vomiting blood, her monthly terms issuing forth.   

[33]  
A flux of blood at the nose is good and healthful to a woman, her flowers failing contrary to the due course of nature.   

[34]  
If the womb be very laxative and loose to a woman with child, there is danger of aborcement.   

[35]  
sneezing happening to a woman grieved with suffocation of the womb, or having a painful and difficult deliverance is good.   

[36]  
The monthly courses being discoloured, neither coming forth always in the same manner, and time, do declare that a purgation is necessary for the woman.   

[37]  
If the paps be suddenly extenuated and become lank to a woman with child, aborcement doth follow.   

[38]  
If one of the dugs be extenuated and become lank to a woman conceived with child with twins, she bringeth forth one of them before due time: And if the right dug become slender she bringeth forth the male child before due time, but if the left dug become lank she maketh aborcement of the female.   

[39]  
If any woman neither with child nor having been delivered of child, have milk in her breasts, her monthly courses have failed her.   

[40]  
Madness is signified to happen to those women in whose dugs or paps there is blood collected and heaped together.   

[41]  
If you will know whether any woman have conceived or no: give her a potion of honey & water mixed together going to sleep: & if she feel gripings and wring of the belly she hath conceived; if she do not, she hath not conceived.   

[42]  
If a woman conceived with child do bear a man-child she is well and fresh coloured: if she bear a maid child, she is ill coloured.   

[43]  
If the inflammation called Erysipelas be bred in the womb or mother, it is a pernivous and deadly thing.   

[44]  
Those women which are very lean contrary to nature and do bear children; do suffer untimely deliverance; until they come to better plight and be fatter.   

[45]  
Those women which being reasonable fat & making abortion the second, or third month, without any manifest cause, have acetabula uteri plena mucoris, neither are they able to contain the foetus because of his heavy weight (but those Cotylidons being broken) it falleth down.   

[46]  
Those which are fatter than Nature requireth and do not conceive child, have os uteri compressed, & closed together by the omentum and call of the guts, and therefore they cannot conceive until they wax leaner.   

[47]  
If the womb shall apostumate in that part where it lieth near the hip, or huckle bone, it is necessary to cure it with tents lipped in liquid medicines such as the greeks do call Emmota.)   

(48)  
Men children do lie & are carried on the right side of the womb, and women children rather on the left side.   

[49]  
A medicine procuring sneezing, put into the nostrils, doth drive and force out the secundine▪ so that you stop the nostrils & mouth close with the hand.   

[50]  
If it please a woman to restrain her accustomed courses, apply a very great cupping glass to her breasts.   

[51]  
Those women which are conceived with child, have the mouth or gate of the mother shut and closed up.   

(52)  
If milk flow plentifully out of the dugs of a woman bearing a child in her womb, it signifieth that the child is weak: but if the paps be hard and stiff, they declare a stronger conception.   

[53]  
The dugs and paps become slender and limber to those women which shall lose their foetus. But contrarily, if the paps become hard, pain shall either molest the paps, hips, eyes, or the knees, but they shall not suffer aborcement.   

[54]  
Those women have the mouth or gate of the womb closed or shut up▪ which have the same hard.   

[55]  
childbearing women which are taken with fevers, or are brought to a low state without a manifest cause, do bring forth the birth painfully, and with danger, or are in hazard of life by untimely & unseasonable deliverance.   

[56]  
If a Convulsion or swooning happen to a flux of a woman's flowers, it is an evil thing.   

[57]  
women's terms flowing immoderately, diseases are engendered: & being suppressed, & stopped of their due course, diseases do likewise happen from the womb.   

[58]  
The strangury or dropping out of the urine doth happen by the inflammation of the strait gut, & likewise of the womb or mother, to the reins that be exulcerated: also if the liver be inflamed, the hicket or yesking doth happen in the mean while.   

[59]  
If a woman do not conceive, and thou wouldst know if she shall conceive at all, let her be wrapped and lapped round about with clothes, and make a sum under the lower parts: and if the sent be perceived to pass through her body, to her nostrils, & her mouth; know that she is not barren, by any default in herself.   

[60]  
If the monthly purgations do keep their course to a woman with child, it is impossible that the foetus should be in health.   

[61]  
If a woman's monthly courses stop, and she have neither shivering cold, nor ague coming upon her, and she loathe her meat, make account that she is conceived.   

62  
Those women which have their womb cold & dry, do not conceive: and such as have them over moist▪ cannot be conceived, for the seed is extinguished & perished in them. Also, those women cannot conceive, which have those places over dry, and hot; for the seed becometh corrupted for want of due nourishment. But those women which have obtained a moderate temperature of the places in respect of both the oppositions and contrarieties, do excel in fruitfulness.   

(63)  
The same consideration and reason is likewise to be respected in men: for either through the spoungy and poery substance of the body the spirits are dissipated and scattered abroad, so that they cannot cast forth seed, or else the moisture doth not issue forth because of his grossness & thickness, or else because of coldness it doth not conceive any heat, that it may be collected in his proper place: or the very same thing doth & may happen through heat.   

(64)  
It is not good to give milk to them which are troubled with headache, or with agues, nor to those which are troubled with the disease called status Hypochondriacus, nor to those which are troubled with thirst. It is also nought for them which avoid choleric excrements downwards, or to those which have sharp fevers, or have had some copious evacuation of blood. But it is good for those which are in a consumption, so they be not troubled with any vehement fever. It is also good for long lingering and mild agues, so that none of the signs before spoken be present. It is good also for them which are brought low without any apparent reason or occasion.   

[65]  
They are not much troubled with convulsions or with madness, which have apparent and evident tumours with their ulcers or sores: But convulsions, and the cramps (named Tetani) do happen to them to whom the tumours shall suddenly vanish away, if it shall happen on the hinder part of the body: but if they happen in the forehead, or forepart, there happeneth madness, vehement pain of the side, Empiema and spitting of matter, Dysenteria, if the tumours or swellings shall be red.   

(66)  
If no tumour nor swelling appear in great and bad wounds, it is a great evil.   

(67)  
Soft tumore aregoods but those which are hard and undigested are evil.   

(68)  
To one which hath pain in the hinder part of the head, the venarecta in the forehead being opened doth profit.   

(69)  
Cold shake and shiverings for the most part do begin to women from the loins, and through the back do come to the head: But to men they do rather begin in the back part then in the forepart; as from the hinder part of the thighs and from the elbows: the rarity and thinness of the skin is a token there of▪ which thing the hair there growing doth declare and manifest.   

[70]  
These which are taken with a quartan ague, are not much assaulted with convulsions: but if before they have been assailed, upon the coming of the Quartan they are delivered and freed.   

[71]  
Those which have their skinnearid, withered, and dry, do die without sweat: but those who have their skin loose, and open, do end their life with sweat.   

[72]  
Those that are diseased with the jaundice, are not much molested with windiness.   
The end of: the fifth Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates.   

Here followeth the 6. Section.  
The Argument.  
THIS sixth Section doth almost altogether concern that part of the Art, which foretelleth good and evil things to happen in diseases.  

[1]  
In a long lubricity, and slipperiness of the guts, if a sourish belching do happen, which was not before, it is a good sign.   

[2]  
Those which have their nostrils more moist than others by nature, and their seed also, do enjoy their health but badly: but those which have the contrary properties, do lead their life more healthfully.   

[3]  
In long difficulties, pains or fluxes of the bowels a loathing of meat is evil: and with a fever it is more evil.   

[4]  
Ulcers or sores which are smooth and glaber, are malign, and evil.   

[5]  
In the pain of the sides, and of the breast, and of the other parts, we must learn if the sick do differ much, or keep at a stay.   

[6]  
The diseases and infirmities of the kidneys and bladder, are of hard & difficult curation in old men.   

[7]  
Dolours and pains of the belly being aloft & in the upper part, are more light and easy; not being aloft are more tedious and forcible.   

[8]  
Ulcers or sores arising in the body of those which are diseased with the dropsy, are not easily cured.   

(9)  
Weals being broad, are not very full of itching.   

[10]  
Corrupt matter, water, or blood issuing out by the nostrils, mouth, or ears, dissolveth and cureth a vehement & grievous headache.   

(11)  
The hemorrhoids happening to those which are troubled with melancholy and pain of the kidneys, are good and profitable.   

(12)  
Unless in the cure of the hemorrhoids which have long continued, there be one vein kept open, it is to be feared that a dropsy or consumption will shortly follow.   

(13)  
The hicket or yexing trobling or vexing us, is put away by sneezing.   

(14)  
If water flow, from the veins of him which is diseased with the dropsy, to the belly, the disease is dissolved (if nature itself make evacuation.)   

(15)  
Vomiting coming by the benefit of nature, dissolveth and riddeth away a long flux or looseness of the belly (by reason of the retraction & drawing back of the humours which did bend downwards.)   

[16]  
A looseness of the belly happening to one afflicted with a pleurisy, or the disease of the lungs named peripneumonia, is an evil thing.   

(17)  
It is a good thing for him which is troubled with a waterish running of the eyes called lippitudo, to be taken with a flux and looseness of the belly.   

(18)  
It is a deadly thing when the bladder is wounded, or the brain, or the heart, the midriff, any small gut, the stomach, or the liver.   

[19]  
A bone perished or cut off, or a cartilag, gristle or sinew, or any little parcel of the eye lid, or the praeputium being diminished, do not grow or join together.   

[20]  
If blood flow into the belly contrary to nature, it corrupteth and is putrefied of necessity.   

[21]  
If the swelling of veins in the legs, named varices, or the hemorrhoids, shall happen to them which are mad and frantic, than the disease of madness is dissolved.   

(22)  
Breaches or fluxes of humours which do descend from the back to the elbow, are dissolved by opening of a vein.   

[23]  
If fear and sadness do continéw long, it is a sign of melancholy.   

[24]  
If any small or slender gut be wounded or pierced, it doth not close or grow together again.   

[25]  
If the choleric tumour Erysipelas, being outward be returned inwards, it is evil: but if being inward it be turned outwards it is a good thing.   

[26]  
Those burning fevers are dissolved with dotage, or raving, in which there are trembling shake.   

[27]  
If the corruption, matter, or water, do flow out altogether at once, from them which are burnt, by catire, or cut, by the Chirurgeon for the cure of the inward apostemation between the lungs and the breast, or of the dropsy, them the diseased shall die without all doubt.   

[28]  
eunuchs or gelded men are not diseased with the gout, neither do wax bald.   

[29]  
A woman is not troubled with the gout, unless her monthly terms do fail her.   

(30)  
A young stripling is not troubled with the gout, before he hath used venery.   

[31]  
Drinking of strong wine, or a bath, a fomentation, phlebothomy (or letting of blood) or a purgation doth cure pains of the eyes.   

[32]  
Those which slammer, are taken most commonly with a long flux of the belly.   

(33)  
Those which have sour belchings, are not much subject to a pleurisy.   

[34]  
Great swelling veins, named varices, are not incident to them which are bald: but yet they have their hair growing again on their head, to whom the swellings & veins do happen being bald.   

(35)  
If a cough come upon them which are diseased with a dropsy, it is an evil thing.   

(36)  
Phlobotomie, or blood-letting, cureth the difficulty of making urine, but we must open the inward veins.   

[37]  
If a tumour appear in the neck to him that is diseased with angina, it is a good thing.   

[38]  
Those which have hidden or deep Cancers, are not to be healed or cured of them: for they which are healed die sooner; and those which are not cured of them live the longer.   

(39)  
A convulsion is caused either by repletion, or by evacuation: so is also the hicket or yesking.   

[40]  
Those which have pain at the Hypocondrium without an inflammation, are cured by a fever happening to them.   

(41)  
If corrupt matter give forth no signification, nor sign of itself in the bodies of the diseased, the cause that it doth not disclose itself nor appear, is either for the grossness and thickness of itself, or of the place.   

[42]  
If the liver wax hard to them which are affected with the yellow jaundice, it is an evil thing.   

[43]  
The spleneticke, which are taken with a bloody flux of the bowels, do die of a dropsy, or a slipperiness of the bowels, called a lientery, following a long flux.   

[44]  
They die within seven days, to whom the disease named Ileos, or pain in the small guts, shall happen after a strangury, unless a fever coming upon them, store of urine shall issue forth.   

[45]  
If ulcers continue a year or longer, the bone of necessity must grow fowl, and be corrupted, and so hollow cicatrizes are caused.   

[46)  
Those which become crooked backed by shortness of wind, or a cough▪ before they attain to ripeness of age, do die quickly.   

[47]  
Those are to be let blood or purged in the spring time to whom opening of a vein or purging may do good.   

[48]  
The difficulty of the intestins, and guts, coming upon them which are diseased with the spleen (viz. with hardness) is good.   

[49]  
Gouty diseases, the inflammation being assuaged, within forty days do cease.   

[50]  
It must needs be that a fever, vomiting, and parbraking of choler must come upon them which have their brain divided, or wounded.   

[51]  
Those which are in health being suddenly taken with headache and thereupon presently become dumb, and snort, do die within seven days, unless a fever come upon them in the mean while.   

[52]  
But we ought to behold in their sleeps also, if any part of the eyes do appear underneath the lids: for if any thing appear of the white of them, the eye lids not being fast closed, if it do not happen by a flux of the belly or by some medicinal potion, it is an evil and a very deadly sign.   

(53)  
That doting which is done with laughter, is not so dangerous: but that which is done with earnest sadness is more dangerous.   

(54)  
Painful breathe in sharp diseases with a fever, as it were, of such as sigh, & mourn, are evil.   

(55)  
Pains of the gout do most commonly afflict & are provoked in the spring and autumn.   

(56)  
The falling down of humours are very dangerous in melancholic diseases, at these seasons, and do declare an apoplexy, or a convulsion, madness, or blindness.   

[57]  
Also apoplexies are caused most especially from the fortieth to the threescore years.   

(58)  
If the Call Omentum shall hang forth of the body it putrefieth of necessity.   

[59]  
Those that are afflcted with long pain of the hips, having the huckle bone coming forth & returning in again into his place, have clammy phlegm collected and gathered together in the hollowness of that part.   

[60]  
Those which have the huckle bone (being the head or upper part of the thigh) coming out, and tormented with the ache called sciatica, shall have the thigh of feeblished and consumed: and they do halt and are lame, unless they are burned (with hot iron instruments.)   
The end of the sixth Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates.   

Here followeth the 7. Section.  
The Argument.  
THIS seventh book is altogether prognostical and foretelling things to come in which he entreateth of the presagements and foretokens of health and death.  

[1]  
Coldness of the extreme parts in sharp diseases is evil.   

(2)  
Flesh black, and blue, because of a fowl diseased bone, is an evil thing.   

[3]  
The hicket after vomiting, and also redness of the eyes, are evil.   

[4]  
After sweat, cold shiverings, and shake, are not good.   

[5]  
After madness which the greeks call mania, a bloody flux, the dropsy, or an ecstasy or trance is good.   

[6]  
Abhorring of meat in a long disease, and the excrements avoided downwards without mixture of humours, are evil.   

[7]  
Cold shake, and fond doting, after much drinking, is evil.   

[8]  
After the eruption of an impostume inwardly, faintness, and looseness of the parts of the body, vomiting & swooning doth ensue.   

[9]  
After a flux of blood, Delirium, or a convulsion is evil.   

[10]  
After the iliac passion, vomiting, the hicket, doting and convulsion, are evil.   

[11]  
An impostume of the lungs, named peripneumonia, after a pleurisy is evil.   

[12]  
A frenzy with a peripneumonia, is evil.   

(13)  
A convulsion or the cramp (Tetanus) because of hot burnings, is evil.   

(14)  
Astonishment, and doting called Delirium, through some blow of the head, is an evil sign.   

[15]  
The spitting out of corrupt matter after the spitting of blood, is evil.   

(16)  
A consumption, or pthisis, and a flux of the belly, coming after spitting of corrupt matter, are evil signs: for when the spitting is stopped the diseased do die.   

[17]  
The hicket, or singult coming through an inflammation of the liver, is evil.   

[18]  
A convulsion or delirium caused through watching, is an evil thing.   

(19)  
After the laying bare of a bone, the inflammation and hot tumour Erisipelas is evil.   

[20]  
Putrefaction, or impostumation from the inflammation Erisipelas, is evil.   

[21]  
A flux of blood after a strong pulse, in ulcers is evil.   

[22]  
After a long pain of the parts belonging to the belly, an impostumation is evil.   

(23)  
After avoiding of unmixed excrements downwards, a bloody flux is evil.   

(24)  
Delirium, or foolishness doth ensue after the wound of a bone, if it shall penetrate into the hollow or void space.   

(25)  
A convulsion after the taking of a purging potion bringeth death.   

[26]  
A great coldness of the extreme and utmost parts through vehement pain of of the parts, pertaining to the belly, is evil.   

(27)  
If the disease, called tenasmus, shall happen to a woman with child, it is the cause of aborcement.   

[28]  
If either a bone, cartilag or sinew shall be cut in the body, it doth neither increase nor grow together again.   

[29]  
If a strong flux or looseness of the belly shall come upon him that is diseased with the dropsy named leucophlegmatia, it dissolveth and cureth the disease.   

(30)  
They have a falling down of phlegmatic humours from the head, which do avoid frothy and foamy excrements out of the belly in their laxnesse and looseness of the same.   

(31)  
Sediments in urins made in the time of agues, like unto course wheat meal, do signify that the sickness shall continuew long.   

[32]  
Choleric Sediments appearing in urins, but being before thin, and waterish, do signify a sharp disease.   

[33]  
Those which make divers urins, have a vehement disturbance, and unquietness in the body.   

[34]  
The urins, in which bubbles do swim aloft, do signify the disease of the reins, and that the infirmity and weakness shall endure long.   

[35]  
It is a sign that the disease is of the reins, and a sharp disease to be present, to them in whose urine a fatty and thick superficies appeareth.   

(36)  
If also pains be caused to those which are diseased with the grief of the kidneys about the muscles of the back bone, and have the signs abovesaid; if they be felt towards the outward parts, look and expect that the Apostume shall also be outwardly: but if the pains bend and incline rather to the inward parts, we must then fear that the aposteme shall be inwardly.   

(37)  
Vomiting of blood is wholesome to them which do it without a fever: but if it be with a fever it is an evil thing; and the cure and remedy of the same is to be performed with things that have a cooling and a binding quality and virtue.   

[38]  
Distillations upon the upper belly, do come to suppuration and ripeness within twenty days.   

(39)  
If any one piss blood, or clots of blood, and be diseased with the disease named the stranguria, the pain attaining to the part of the belly, called Abdomen or Hypogastrion, & the place named pecten (and also to perinaeum) the places and parts above the bladder are diseased.   

[40]  
If the tongue be suddenly become feeble, or any part of the body being astonished, be benumbed without feeling, it is a sign of melancholy.   

(41)  
If the hicket do happen to old men purged above measure, it is not good.   

(42)  
If the fever be not caused of choler, store of warm water powered upon the head doth dissolve the fever.   

[43]  
A woman hath not the use of both hands alike.   

[44]  
If clear and white matter do issue out from them which are affected with corrupt matter between the breast and the lungs when they suffer cauterising or incision, they do escapes but if bloody, stinking, & filthy matter do issue forth, they die and cannot escape.   

(45)  
If clear and white matter do issue from them whose liver is corrupted or apostumated with filthy matter, and burnt, they recover health and become sound: for the corrupt matter is contained in the coat: but if that which cometh forth be like the lees and dregs of oil, they die.   

(46)  
Cure and heal pains of the eyes which proceed from drinking of strong wine, and bathing in hot water, by opening of a vein.   

(47)  
If a cough come upon one diseased with the dropsy, he is without hope of recovery.   

(48)  
Drinking of neat strong wine, and the opening of a vein, doth dissolve the diseases stranguria, & disuria: but the inward veins must be opened.   

(49)  
A swelling and redness arising on the breast of him which is grieved with angina, it is good: for the disease bendeth and inclineth outwardly.   

[50]  
They die within three days whose brain is corrupted & benummeds but if they overpass them they shall recover their health.   

(51)  
Sternutation or sneezing is provoked out of the head, the brain being much heated, or the void and wide space of the head being much moistened; for the air enclosed within doth break forth: but it maketh a noise because it passeth through a narrow place.   

[52]  
Those that are grieved with vehement pain of the liver, are delivered from the pain, if an ague come upon them.   

[53]  
Those which have occasion to have blood taken from them, must be let blood in the spring.   

(54)  
Those which have fleagm enclosed between the ventricle and the midriff, and the same also painful unto them, having no passage into either of the bellies, are delivered from the disease, the phlegm being turned and conveyed through the veins into the bladder.   

[55]  
Those have their belly filled with water, and do die, whose liver replenished with water, shall make a breach, and eruption of the same into the belly named, Omentum.   

[56]  
Wine being drunk with an equal proportion of water, doth put away sorrow, yawning, and cold shaking.   

(57)  
For this, look in the 4. Section, and 82. Aphorism, where it is expounded.   

(58)  
They must of necessity become dumb forthwith, which have their brain vehemently shaken, and troubled by some outward occasion.   

(59)  
Hunger and fasting is to be endured of bodies consisting of moist flesh: for fasting drieth the body.   

[60]  
Where there is an alteration in the whole body, & the body becometh cold and hot again, and changeth from one colour to an other, the continuance of the disease is signified.   

(61)  
Much sweat, hot, or cold, always issuing forth, doth declare, that the moisture in a strong body is to be evacuated, and purged upwards: but in a weak body, downwards.   

[62]  
If agues become more fierce and vehement every third day without any intermission, they are dangerous. But in what manner soever they shall cease, it signifieth that they want danger.   

(63)  
Those which are afflicted with long fevers, have little swellings or aches in the joints.   

[64]  
Those which have long swellings or pains in the joints after a fever, do use too plentiful a diet.   

[65]  
If any give the meat to one sick of a fever, which he giveth to a sound and healthful person, he shall strengthen the whole person, and increase the malady of the sick party.   

[66]  
We must look upon those things which pass through the bladder, whether they be such as issue forth in prosperous health. For those which are unlike them, are unhealthful signs: but those which are like them are healthful signs.   

[67]  
Also when the sediments if thou shalt suffer them to rest, & shalt not move them, do sink down into the bottom like shavings, or parings of guts: or such like matter: which if they shall befew, do signify that the disease is little: but if they shall be many do signify that the disease is great; than it is necessary that evacuation & purgation be made downwards: otherwise if the belly being not purged, thou shalt give broths and nourishment, the more thou shalt give, the more thou shalt hurt.   

(68)  
Crude, raw and undigested excrements, voided downwards, do proceed from black choler: if they be many they proceed from a more copious quantity, if they be few they proceed from a less quantity.   

(69)  
Spittings in fevers not intermitting, ash coloured, bloodish, choleric, stinking, are all evil. Yet if they come forth conveniently and easily, they are good. Also if any thing issue out through the belly, & bladder, or from any other part of the body whatsoever, which shall not restore him to health which is purged, than it is evil.   

[70]  
When any one goeth about to purge unclean bodies, he must make the bodies soluble and fluxible; and if he will purge upwards, the belly must be constipated & hardened: but if he will purge downwards, it must be softened and loosed.   

[71]  
Sleep and watch fullness if they exceed a measure, are a disease.   

[72]  
In fevers not intermitting, if the exterior parts be cold and the inward be burning, and the patient very thirsty, it is a deadly sign.   

[73]  
In a fever not intermitting, but continual, if the lip, nose, eye, or eyebrow, be perverted & turned awry, if the sick man doth not see, nor hear, whatsoever of these things shall hap to a weak sick man, death is near at hand.   

(74)  
A dropsy is engendered by white phlegm.   

(75)  
From a laxness & looseness of the belly named diarrhoea, doth proceed the bloody flux dysenteria.   

[76)  
The flux named Lienteria, doth come upon the bloody flux, named dysenteria.   

[77]  
After the corruption or putrefaction of the bone (called in greek Sphacelismus) there followeth an impostumation of the bone.   

[78]  
After vomiting of blood, a consumption, & an evacuation of purulent & filthy matter doth follow and ensue.   

(79)  
We ought to behold what things they be which pass out by urines, by the belly, or womb, and what things issue out through the flesh: And we must also consider and behold if the body do decline or degenerate in any other thing from nature. For if little be avoided, the disease is little, if much be avoided the disease is great, and if very much than it is a deadly thing.   
The end of the 7. Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates.   

Here followeth the 8. Section.  
The Argument.  
THE intention and scope of this eight book which is the▪ last, cannot be assigned: because the Aphorisms be variable & different; yet almost all are reduced to that part of physic, which foretelleth things to come.  

[1]  
Men above 40. years of age, being troubled with a frenzy, are not cured at all: for they are in less peril and danger whose disease is agreeable to their nature and age.   

(2)  
It is a good thing in what disease soever, when the eyes do shed tears for some cause or occasion: but when they weep without a cause, it is an evil thing in any diseases whatsoever they be.   

[3]  
In what Quartan fevers so ever blood shall issue forth of the nostrils, it is an evil thing.   

[4]  
If sweats be caused in the judicial days they are dangerous, especially such as issue forth from the forehead like drops of water, and bubbling water pipes, being very cold and abundant: for it must needs be that such sweat cometh forth with much force long labour and straining.   

[5]  
Depression of the belly after a long disease is evil.   

[6]  
Incision doth cure those ulcers which are not cured by medicines: and those which are not cured by incision, are cured by cauterizing: but those which are not cured by the cautier, are judged incurable.   

[7]  
Consumptions are engendered, from the, 18. year of the age, unto the thirty and fifth year.   

(8)  
The tongue black and bloudish, when any of these signs are absent, than the evil and malady is not forcible, and signifieth less pain.   

[9]  
The right testicle being cold and having a convulsion, is a messenger of death.   

[10]  
The nails black, the toes of the feet cold, hanging down, or stooping forwards, do declare that death is very near.   

[11]  
Also the extreme parts of the fingers being cold, are a signification of death drawing near.   

(12)  
Also, the lips ash coloured, resolved, and effeeblished, disordered and perverted, are deadly signs.   

[13]  
If the eyes be darkened or cannot abide the light, also he which is oppressed with much sleep, & great heat, is without hope.   

[14]  
If any one become raging by little & little, with furious madness, if any one do not know them with whom he hath been familiar, if he do not hear nor understand, it is a deadly sign.   

[15]  
Those are more evident signs to them which shall die a little while after, if the ventricles, or cavities be lifted and heaved up, swell, and be puffed up with wind.    
Finis Aphorismorum.   

A BRIEF discourse upon the nature & substance of the Ey.  

Definition of the eye.  AN eye is a member, of substance, round, whole and hard as a ball (which may aptly be resembled to a bright basin, full of clear resplendent water) fixed in the well or spring of the head to minister light to the living body by influence of the visible spirit, sent from the Cell of fantasy, or common wits by a sinew, that is called Nervus Opticus, with help of a greater light ministered without. Right well may the place wherein nature hath placed the eye be termed the fountain or spring of the eye, in respect of the abundance of watery humidities, and tears which are often seen to issue & flow thereat; which happeneth upon divers occasions: as 
The cause of tears.  sometime of inward sorrow and heaviness of the disstressed heart, sometimes of joy and gladness immoderate: yea, and otherwhiles it proceedeth of the only superfluity & abundance of humours engendered of unnatural and distemperate coldness. And this may suffice to declare briefly what an eye is. It 
The parts of the eye.  resteth now, that we show of what parts it doth consist. Touching which matter a certain learned writer called johannicius in his introduction affirmeth, that the eye hath seven tunicles, or coats, four colours, and three humours. The first of the said tunicles, or coats, he calleth Retina: the second Secondina, the third Sclerotica, the fourth Aranea, the fifth Vuea, the sixth Cornea, the seventh and 
Four colours of the eye.  last, Subiunctiva. Of the colours, he saith, the first is black, the second Subpallidus, that is whitish, the third Niveus, the fourth 
3. Humours of the eye.  Glaucus. Now of the humours, according to his mind, one is called, vitreus humour. i. a glassy humour: the second is called albugineus. i. resembling the colour of the white of an egg: the third is called Crystallinus, that resembleth the clearness of Crystal.  
And this as I have expressed is the judgement & opinion 
The Author's opinion.  of johannicius. Nevertheless, I myself upon knowledge attained by cutting dead bodies, am moved to dissent from him both in coats, and also in colours. Therefore you shall understand my mind also in this matter. I find in the studious dissection of the eye, the tunicle called salva trix, which saveth and keepeth the humours ordained naturally, to be in the member; of which duty it hath that name. Secondly, the tunicle or coat, called discolorata; so named because that while it remains in the eye, in itself it hath properly no colour, but is varied and diversly affected according to the diversities of colours which appear in the eye. For, when the crystalline humour is near the tunicle of the eyes, then lo they seem of no colour. But when it is deep within them, it giveth a show of 3. colours: wherefore I may well conclude, that the eye of itself it discoloured, and of no colour properly.  
Yet this by observation is found to be very true: they which have the humours very low and deep set in 
Black eyes  the bodies of their eyes (by reason whereof they seem to be of black colour) have their sight best for a time: but when they approach unto thirty years and upward, it beginneth to fail and appair. And such as have the humours placed in the middle or mean region of the eye, commonly are endued with good sight 
Grey eyes.  both young and old: the colour of their eyes is menable black, which is grey. Howbeit, it is seen that this sort of eyes is more subject unto Opthalmies, Pannicles, with divers other evil affects then those that be of other colours.  
Moreover, I say, those that have the humours more outwardly, underneath the tunicles, as their eyes appear unto sight more various and divers coloured, inclining much unto whiteness, 
Whitish eyes.  so their visible faculty is not very good, neither in youth nor in age. The reason is, because in such manner of eyes aboundeth humours and tears more than in others. For when the visible spirits descend down, by the hollow optic sinews, & find about the tunicles of the eye abundance and plenty of vicious humours, they be 
Note this reason.  the sooner scattered & dissolved from the humours, by occasion whereof the sight is more weak & feeble in them then in grey 
Grey eyes sure of sight.  eyes, which before we called menable black. And they that have the said grey eyes may seem to have their sight more durable, for that the crystalline humour being resident in the midst, maketh the visible spirits to rest and stay there; which by the glazen humour and the said tunicle are so preserved and kept, that they may not readily be dispersed. But in them which have the humours depressed, and kept 
Black eyes perfect of ●ight.  down (which as we said before) maketh the eye to look black, the sight is better than in other, because the crystalline humour is deep within: and therefore the visible spirit coming from the Optic nerve at hand, findeth the larger space, & possesseth plentifully all the cavity and hollowness of the eyes, before it passeth out from the glazen humour and the uppermore tunicles. But as I said, it dureth not in many folk until age. For oftentimes in such manner of eyes are engendered * Catharactes, yet more in some sorts of them, then in other. As concerning the humour I willingly subscribe unto the opinion of johannicius and make therein no variance.  

Hereafter followeth the manner of helping the catharact by the needle, out of the same author.  

Definition of a Catharact.  A Catharact is nothing else but a water corrupt or congealed like a cured, engendered of humours distempered in the eye, betwixt the tunicles, and ●et before the sight of 
Division of Catharacts.  the eye, and the crystalline humour. And of the manner of Catharactes be noted seven kinds, whereof four be curable. And the first of the curable sort is light, even like unto white 
The first curable kind.  chalk or alabaster, well polished. This happeneth oftentimes with a stroke in the eye, with a stick or a stone, or any other outward 
The second kind.  violence. The second kind curable is somewhat white, and much resembleth the sky colour. It proceedeth from the stomach; and is commonly caused of evil meats, whereof a gross fumosity resolveth and ascendeth up unto the brain, from thence falling down again into the eyes. The third kind 
The third kind.  curable is also whitish, but inclining unto the colour of ashes; and is commonly engendered of pain in the head, as megrim and such others. Also it is caused sometime through great sorrow and heaviness provoking great lamentation & weeping. And sometime of much cold, immoderate watching, and such like. 
The 4. kind.  The fourth kind of Catharactes curable is of citrine colour, and is commonly engendered of excess in meat and drink, evil digestion, great labour, and sometime of melancholic humours. And these which we have remembered be the four kinds of Catharactes curable, but not until they 
Tokens of ●penesse.  be ripe & confirmed. And the time of their ripeness, is when the patient cannot see at all any longer, except it be the brightness of the sun by day, and the light of the moon, or a candle by night. Now for the cure to proceed orderly 
The cure  first you must purge the brain, with these pills ordained for that purpose, called Pillulae Hierusolymitanae. And giving the patient this on the one day, on the next following about nine of the clock, while he is yet fasting, cause him to sit overthwart a stool in riding fashion, and sit thou also on the same stool face to face, & make the patient hold his whole eye close with his hand, and in that state charge him so to sit steadfastly not starting in any wise.  
This done, first with thy own hand lifting up the over eye lid, with thy other hand put in thy needle made for that purpose, on the side further from the nose; and finely thrilling the tunicle called Saluatrix, writhe always thy finger to and fro, till thou touch with the point of thy needle the corrupt▪ water, which indeed is the Catharacts and then begin to remove downward from above, with the point of thy needle, the said water which lieth before the fight: and driving it down to the nethermost parts, keep it there still with the point of the needle, as long space as may serve thee to say four or five times the Lords Prayer.  
Then remove easily thy needle there from, and if it happen to rise up again, bring it eftsoons to the cords of the eye to the earwarde.  
But here you must beware that after the needle hath touched the Catharact, in any wise you wryth no more your fingers to and fro till it be out.  
And after when it is all out, cause him to shut his eye, and anon make a plaster of cotton or flaxen hards, with the white of an Egg, and lay it upon the sore eye, & cause him to lie down in his bed, until the 9 day, giving him in strait charge that during all that time he stir not his eye: & thrice in the day, and thrice in the night, remove his plasters, and make him to lie in a dark place; namely, 
Diet.  all that time. For his diet within the said nine days, let him eat rear eggs with bread: and if he be young, & strong of body, let him drink water, and keep strait diet during the time. But being in age, permit him the use of wine, but well watered. Now 
The subtance of he needle.  for the substance of the needle wherewith you work, let it be of gold, silver, or at least spanish latten, and in no wise of iron or steel: for iron and steel is hard, and with the hardness it dissolveth the substance which it toucheth. Or else for this cause, if the Catharact be hard, it might peradventure break in the drawing down thereof at the point: for uron & steel be free and brittie, and the breaking thereof remaining therein, might be cause of consumption of the same through the abundance of tears, and greatness of pain.  
Furthermore, I give you to understand, that the first kind of Catharacts curable, 
The first kind of Catharacts.  are easy and soon holpen: but yet they that be cured thereof recover not their sight perfectly, for as much as the humours in the eye be unperfect, disgregate and dissolved, by the bruise and stroke, which at the first caused the Catharact.  

The 2. kind.  The second kind of Catharacts curable, if they be well cured with a cunning workman, in this feat, the sight returneth again to his former goodness, because of the pureness of the humours which be not dissolved, and also for the abundance of visible spirits reserved in the eye: for these causes, I say, they be better than other.  

The 3. kind.  The third kind of Catharacts curable after they be holpen, in manner above said, and the sight restored, it endureth not long time in that estate, unless it be holpen with medicines, as with our Electuary, which is called Dia Olibanorum Hierusolimitanum, and by wholesome regiment of diet, wherein he must refrain from goat's flesh, Eels, & such other● but especially those that might engender raw humours: for certainly I have proved by experience, the same to be very evil and noisome in this wise; for diverse have come unto me with Catharactes not fully confirmed, to whom I have given raw onions, by eating whereof in short space they have become ripe and ready to the needle. Whereupon I gather that raw Onions be noisome unto the sight, and inducers of Catharacts. Furthermore, let not the patient in the winter season (if it may be otherwise) drink any hot wines, in the which be put sage and rue. Let him forbear (as much as may be) the company of women, forbid him the use of all common baths and stews. But if he will bathe him, let it be with a vessel ordained with the decoction of Camomile, and other sweet smelling herbs: but in any wise let him keep his head without the vessel that the fume come not into his eyen, for that were noisome. The Electuary 
The virtue of Olibanum.  of Dia Olibanum is also good to avoid tears, and to dry them up, as likewise it is right profitable for all manner pain of the megrim which is caused of phlegm. The fourth kind 
The 4. kind.  of Catharactes curable is, those that be of colour citrine more harder than the other, and of form round: wherefore, it may not be laid right down in the eye, for it will not abide there, because of the said roundness and hardness of it: therefore it must be laid in the corner of the eye to the ear ward, & there be kept with the needle a great while as is aforesaid. And thus to conclude. I do you to understand, there needeth not any abstinence from meats which be clean and healthsome, after the cure is perfectly achieved; save only in the third kind: which thing to be true experience hath taught me. Nevertheless, it behoveth oftentimes to use comfortatives, & nutritives for the visible spirits in the eye afterward.   

Of the three kinds of Catharacts 
The first kind of catharacts uncurable.  uncurable.  
THe first kind of Catharactes uncurable, is that which the Physicians of Salerne in Italy do call Guttam serenam, and these be the signs whereby ye may know it: when the pupil of the eye. i. the place of the midst of the eye, hath the depth of the visible part, black and clear as though it had no spot, and the eyes are always moving their lids, trembling, as though it were quicksilver.  
Verily, this kind of Catharact is engendered & caused of a corruption in the mother's womb: and therefore they that have these kinds of Catharactes, be blind even at their nativity; of which sort I have seen many, and have assayed by many ways and medicines to cure them: but the success was not worthy my labour, neither yet have I heard that any other have sped better in dealing with that sort. Nevertheless, in process of time, I perceived that of this manner of Catharact, there were diversities of kinds. For some of those persons which had them might see the brightness of the sun, & went by the way with open eyes, as though they had perfectly seen: yea moreover some of them might see the stature of a man, or a beast or any other thing, and some enjoyed this little portion of sight unto their lives end, whereas in othersome it doth vanish away, and they become stark blind. Therefore assure yourselves, they that have such manner of Catharacts, be deplorat and without all possibility of cure by man's hand. For why? the nerve optic is deplorate and mortified, so that there is no manner of help in power of hand, or medicine for them: and this aforesaid kind is called Gutta serena, because it is engendered of a corruption, coming down from the brain, like a drop of water, which one drop corrupteth and dissolveth all the humour natural in the eye: in so much that from thence forwards the concave & hollow nerves be oppilat and overlaid, in that the visible spirits may no more pass down by them into the eye.  

The 2. kind.  The second kind of Catharact uncurable, is that which doth appear in the eye, of green colour like water standing in watery places, not much moved with running. This sort is yet worse than all the other, and springeth of the immoderate and excessive coldness of the brain with great beating and diseases of the head, with unmeasurable fasting & such like.  

The 3. kind.  The third and last kind of cureless catharacts, be those in which the circles may not be seen within the tunicles of the eye; but the eye appeareth all over black▪ or all over white: and who so busieth himself to cure any of these three kinds of Catharacts, he abuseth his time and labour, more worthy to be reproved for his ignorance, than any ways commended for his fruitless diligence.   

Here followeth the cure of Ophthalmia and other diseases of the eyes.  
THis Ophthalmia is an inflammation of the whole eye, happening by some great diffluxion from the brain, and in the tunicle of the eye which is called coniunctiva: this infirmity is sometimes cured by dropping into the 
A good medicine.  eye woman's milk, with the white of an egg, and especially if it shall happen from some outward cause, or from blood. If it chance to happen by some blow, or through cold, than the yolk of an egg boiled hard and mixed with oil of roses and a little saffron must be applied, If it shall happen through dust or smoke, wash the eye 
Blood-letting.  with cold water: if from repletion, or fullness, open the head vein, which is a present remedy: if the humours be gross and thick, administer an evaporation of the decoction of lentils with water, also wash the eye with sponges intincted in a decoction of foenugraeck. In this disease it is very good to use abstinence from meat and drink, the diet must incline to cold and moisture. Wine, eggs, and all sweet things are hurtful.   

An excellent Collyrium, which doth mitigate, re press and beat back heat, & inflammation.  

Collyrium  TAke the muscelage of psyllium, of gum dragant, of quinces, being prepared in rose water, of either 3. drams, of woman's milk giving suck to a girl five drams, of the white of an egg well beaten, two drams: mix them and instill thereof into the eye.  

Emplaster.  Or else use this emplaster against an hot flux of the eye.  
Take of the juice of the herb vermicularis, of virgapastoris, of plantain, of nightshade, of endive, of purslan, & such like▪ with the flower of barley and oil of roses make an emplaster; which must be applied to the temples of the forehead: or dip linen clothes in the juices and apply them to the forehead.  
The face may be washed with running water, rose-water mixed with a little vinegar: so that will alter the biting humour, flowing to the eye.  
If the eye happen to be hurt, or wounded with a thorn, needle, or knife, we must presently make repercussion.  

A water against in inflammamation of the eye.  Take bowl armonic, sanguis draconis, tutia prepared gum arabic, & dragant, of either a dram, make a powder & mix therewith 6. ounces of rose-water in a glass viol, then let it stand in hot water the space of an hour, them afterwards add 1. ounce of the wine of pomegranates▪ & so let it stand for 1. whole day, & then strain it, & of that straining put a little into the eye Morn, & Even; and for to lay over, you shall frame an emplaster with the juices of houseleek & niteshade, of either two 
Emplaster.  ounces: or in their place take rose-water, bowl armonicke, myrrh, gumdragant and araback; of either one ounce: make it into powder and so apply it in the form of an emplaster to the eyes, for it doth both beat back, and cure.  
For spots or webs in the eye being remaining after the cure, we must presently use this remedy. Take young Pies out of the nest a little before they are ready to fly, let them be clean pulled and cut in pieces, and then distilled: of which water put into the eyes an hour before supper, and in the morning it removeth away all redness, spots, and cataracts: this remedy is confirmed by experience: some do affirm the same virtue to be in Consolidaregalis.  

Weeping eyes.  Sometimes the eyes do weep and water against the will, which is caused by the debility of the brain, being weak and over-moist: for which cause thou shalt do no more but drop into the eye for xv. days together, two drops of the water of Tapsus barbatus, called in english Hagtaper.  
Again, Rue being dried and beaten into powder, and mixed with honey and vinegar, and boiled and after strained through a linen cloth and the eyes therewith anointed will restrain the weeping and tears thereof: the patient must avoid all things that do evaporate & fly up to the brain: if the cause proceed from choler or from blood, it shall be diverted by blood-letting: if the cause proceed from phlegm, it is good to purge with pills of aureae, and imperiales; take heed of gargarisms, 
Baths.  masticatories, and apophlegmatismes. Baths of warm water are very convenient so they be used in the morning fasting: for that draweth the matter to the utter parts.  
If the matter be sharp, apply a repercussive about the forehead framed with the white of an egg. and bolearmonicke, and so applied upon a piece of linen cloth.  
If the cause have proceeded from fullness or much drinking of wine, let him use a spare diet, and open the head vein, and let him purge with the pills of the 5. kinds of myrobalans: his diet must be dry; for he must avoid all broths and liquid things: sour grapes and unripe, being burnt in an earthen pot to powder, and seared very finely and put into the eyes, do remove away the tears and redness of them.  
A singular remedy for the eyes, is to take true frankincense, and melted at the fire, and so seven times extinguished in red rose-water, and thereof instill into the eye that weary.  
An excellent medicine for the eyes that weep, for a pearl, and dimness, is this.  
Take half an ounce of tutia, one dram of red coral, burn them in a vessel of earth, then add thereunto half a dram of sine 
A powder for the eyes  pearl, and then beat them small into very fine powder in a stone mortar, and then searce it finely through silk, and then put thereof into the eye, this is a great secret.   

How to cure debility & weakness of the sight.  
HIs diet must be good as in ophthalmia, let 
Weak sight.  his head be well combed with an ivory comb, let him behold things that are green, and behold himself in a steel glass: the use of triphera doth comfort very much, because it hindereth evaporations by reason of the myrobalans. Let him take after his meals Diacitoniton, the confection of Coriander prepared, Diapliris, and sugar of roses, in an hot cause. Venery & lust is hurtful, and all things that are vaporous. Rapes either raw, or boiled are very good. Wine unless it be in small quantity, is very hurtful. There must not be made any strong evacuation, lest the spirits be dissolved.  
An excellent water 
An excellent water to preserve the sight.  which doth preserve the sight, and good against all manner of spots, is in this manner. Take Celendine, rue, endive, betony, roses, Silermontaine, meadows, maiden hair, of every one three handfuls, let them be infused in pure white wine for the space of 24. hours and then distilled.  
A Collyrium for the eyes which hath been approved, is to take tutia prepared, 2. scruples, aloes hepaticke one scruple, cloves half a scruple, white vitriol six grains, and make a fine powder.  

A Collyrium for the eyes.  Then take rose-water & fennel water of either two ounces, let it warm upon the hot embers, then mix the powder therewith, and after a while strain it and put thereof into the eye in the moving.  

Electuary to comfort the sight.  An Electuary which doth clear and comfort the sight. Take the flowers of eyebright and of betony, of either one ounce, fenelseed three drams, cubebs, maces, cinnamon, and cloves, of either one dram, long pepper half a dram let all be made into fine powder: then take of the juice of Rue clarified one ounce and a half, clarified honey one pint, boil the juice with the honey to a perfection, and then adding three drams of zedoary to the former powder make an Electuary.   

A powder to comfort the sight.  
TAke betony, vervin, eyebright, celendine, hyssop, penny riol, sage, all these being dried in the sun, of every one half an ounce, horehound, fenelseed, wild time, Coriander prepared▪ the seed▪ of maiotan of every a dram, ginger, saffron, cloves, cubebs, nutmegs, cinnamon, long pepper, galengall, of every one half a dram, rosemary flowers, the citren rind, of every one a scruple, and of fine white sugar three times the weight of all the rest: make all into fine powder, or into lozenges with the water of fennel, eyebright and betony.   

An household receipt for the removing of any spot or pin and web of the eye.  
TAke the juice of houslick the quantity that will go▪ into an egg shell, than put therein 3. grains of pure white vitriol, let them boil together on the hot ashes, and then scum the top thereof away, and drop thereof into the eye morning and evening, and close up the eye with a bolster of linen.  
For all inflammations & blood shotten eyes, take the juice of a limon, and drop thereof into the eyes at the entrance into the bed, and close up the eyes as is aforesaid: and remember that for all inflammations proceeding of an hot cause blood-letting, to be the present remedy.   
FINIS.   

THE LIFE of Hypocrates.  
HYpocrates by the testimony of Galen, was the son of one Heraclides: but others affirm him to be the son of Asclepius, borne and brought up in the Isle Cos. His master and instructor was the great Pythagoras. He was by his nature inclined to goodness: for he hated, loathed and abhorred all pomp & worldly pleasures, and the use of venery. He constrained all his scholars by an oath to use silence and secrecy, modesty, affabiliti, and humility as well in manners as apparel. He restored the science of physic; being lost for the space almost of five hundred years, even from the time of Esculapius. He was in body and stature very little; but fair, and exceeding well favoured. He had a good and strong head: he went slowly and softly: he was very pensive and of few words: he was no great eater nor glutton: he lived ninety five years, and used often this sentence; He that will live in liberty, let him not desire that which he cannot obtain: and he that would have that which he desireth, let him desire nothing but that which he may obtain. In like manner, He that would live in peace in this mortal life, let him conform himself to him who is invited to a feast, who giveth thanks for all that is set before him, and grudgeth not at any thing which is omitted. He lived about the times of Eliachim, of Malachi, of Pereno & Socrates.