Lac puerorum M. holti Milk for children.  
  


¶ Ad reuerendissimum dnm suum dnm Johannem morton Cantuarien. archipresulem/ totiusque Anglie primatem et titulo sancte Anastasie cardinalem johannes holt Epigramma.  

Hoc operis quodcunque pater dignissime cernis  
Holtiades domino dedicat omne suo  
Autor ut instituit tantillum opus edere primum  
Et tibi non tactas dedere primitias  
Incussit validos tanti censura timores  
Patris: ab incepto me tua pena trahens  
Sed tamen in miseros pietas quam suggeris omes  
Et michi presentem plus pius ipse facis  
Abscidit a pavido vanos michi cord timores  
Quod michi mentis erat/ perfice/ perge/ iubens  
Ergo faue lingue censor venerande latin  
Tameito vix natum ne moriatur opus  
Quicquid erit placido supplex precor excipe vultu  
Ingenium arbitrio dasque rapisque tuo  
Hec equidem in varium breviter collecta moretum.  
Ex multis rapui furta pudica locis  
Unde tui causam pater alma dedere nepotes  
In sibi perpetuas utilitatis opes  
Edideram celebri Lamithe pie presul in aula  
Digna volens pueris commoda ferre tuis.    

¶ Thome more/ diserti adolescentuli in lucubraciunculas Holtiade. Epigramma.  

Quem legis Holtiade tenerum pia furta libellum  
Seu vir seu pueres/ lac puerile voca  
Dulce/ sed et meritum liber hic me judice nomen  
Lactea qui pueris dogmata prestat/ habet  
Uos angli legite hec iwenes/ in maxima quorum  
Exiguum quamuis commoda surgit opus  
Que vos in minimum legitis digesta libellum  
Precepta in paucos pauca legenda dies  
Holtiades eadem vigili quesita labore  
Legit ab innumeris pauca voluminibus  
Sedulis ille vagis sese circumtulit agris.  
Mellifice officio quam bene functus apis  
Quicquid ibi in dulces sapidi congessit aceruos  
Mellis in hunc parvum retulit alueolum  
Hoc opus anglorum cupienti intrare iwente  
Prima sit in reliquam ianua grammaticam  
Hanc tamen ante forem docti struxere/ sed horum  
Quisque suos latio/ fecerat ore modos  
Quid bene fulta penus prodest tibi/ quando retentat.  
janua magnificos irreseranda cibos  
Angle puer latio quid ages sermone/ sapisse  
Non potes in primo verba latina die  
Te decet altricis tenerum recubare sub alis  
Discereque ex verbis non tua verba tuis  
Structa/ sed et verbis iam pridem ianua nostris  
Grammatice/ verum si fateamur erat/  
Illa tamen vetus et tunsu lacerata frequenti  
Que nineteen assiduo pulsa labore crepat  
janua nostra nova est/ tenereque facillima turbe  
Ad digiti minimunquam cito aperta sonum    

¶ Divisio operis & modus procedendi per ordinem.  

Ne ve tamen possis dubitare quis ordo libelli  
Huius erit paucis accipe versiculis  
Hoc opus in ternas libuit distinguere partes  
Quarum ex quaque trium quid doceare loquar  
Sermonum partes partique cadentia cui vis  
Digerit in numeros pars tibi prima suos  
Tum numerata prius diffinit queque secunda  
Eque sua quod vis proprietate notat  
jungere terna docet sublata fasce duarum  
Concordanciolis verba latina tribus  
Multa tamen varios & verba & nomina casus  
Diversoque regunt imperiosa modo  
Subdit hec etiam neu quicquam deesse queraris  
Quod verbis decuit te didicisse tuis  
Huc puer ad doctas o qui modo cunque lituras  
Es rudis et velles non rudis esse/ veni  
Quam satis in laudem es/ long magis esse fatere  
Dives et ingenii divitiores opus.     

Prima pars opuscull  
THere been. viii. parts of speech. Noun pronoun. verb. adverb. participle Coniunctyon. preposition. and Interiectyon. ¶ Where of. iiii. be declined and movable/ as Noun/ pronoun: verb: and participle. And. iiii. undeclined and unmovable. as adverb: Coniunctyon: preposition: and Interiectyon. ¶ Of these. iiii. parts movable/ three be declined with case/ as Noun: pronoun. and participle. And verb only without case.  
¶ five things be expedient to the declining of a noun. article. Case: Gendre. number: & Declenson  
¶ articles be three. hic hec and hoc.  
¶ Also this adverb of calling O. hath the room of an article in every vocative case.  
¶ Cases be. vi. Nominatyf. Genityf. Datyf. Accusatyf. Uocatyf. and the Ablatyf.  
¶ Gendres be five. The masculine/ as hic poeta.  
The feminine/ as hec musa. The neuter as hoc templum. The common/ as hic et hec sacerdos. All gendres/ as hic et hec et hoc felix.  
¶ Numbers be two. The singular/ and plural  

¶ Declenson of articles followeth.  
Declenson of articles.  
  

¶ Declensons be five.  
¶ The first is known by his examples. Poeta and musa. And evermore his genitive case singular endeth in e. and all nouns of the first declension shall be declined after one of them.  
¶ The second by his examples/ magister: radius: and templum. And evermore his genitive case singular endeth in i and all nouns of the second declension. etc.  
¶ The third by his examples. Bonitas: sacerdos & vulnus. And evermore his genitive singular endeth in is. & all nouns of the third declension etc.  
¶ The fourth by his examples. Uisus: and manus And evermore his genitive case singular endeth in us & all nouns of the fourth declension etc.  
¶ The fifth by his examples. species and meridies. And evermore his genitive case singular endeth in ei and all nouns of the fifth declension etc.  

¶ The division of nouns  
¶ Of nouns. Some be proper/ some appellatyf some substantive/ some adjective/ some interrogatyf/ some demonstratyf/ some reddityf/ & some relative   

¶ Declenson of substantives  
¶ A noun substantive is declined with one article as hic Poeta. or with two at the most/ as hic et hec sacerdos.   

¶ Examples of the first declension.  
Hic poeta. huius te huic te. hunc poetam. o poeta. ab hoc poeta. The plural hi poet: horum poetarum: his poetis hos poetas: o poet: ab his poetis.  
¶ Here is to be noted/ that in every plural number the vocative shall be like the nominative/ and the ablative like the dative. Also when the nominative singular of this declension endeth in as or in es/ thou shalt put aways to make the vocative/ as hic Thomas/ hic Anchises o thoma. o anchise. In all other of this declension the vocative shall be like the nominative as hic poeta: o poeta.  
The singular. Hec musa: huius muse: huic muse. hanc sam. o sa. ab hac sa. The plural he muse. harum sarum his sis. has sas. o muse: ab his musis.  
¶ Here is to be noted that these. seven. nouns in this verse maketh the dative and ablative plural both in is and in abus  
Filia nata deas liberta mulabus equabus.  
Also the scripture useth aiabus: famulabus: dnabus/ the which of all such other be not of use  
¶ These nouns of Hebrew Pascha: manna: zizania. and mammona. be the neuter gender and of no declension. Though we find in holy scripture the genitive and dative in e. more of use than of rule/ and like wise Adam and Abraham. As for alpha and iota and generally all names of letters they be both neuter and undeclined And some lettered men say hoc pascha paschatis. And polenta is the feminine gender: ut Plautus. Ubi nequam homines polentam pransitant/ how be it ovid useth him in the neuter gender/ as Dulce dedit testa quod coxerat ante polenta:   

¶ Examples of the second declension.  
¶ Here is to be noted that the dative and the ablative singular of this declension endeth alway in o.  
Hic radius. huius dii. huic dio hunc dium o die. ab hoc dio. The plural his radii: horum radiorum: his radiis. etc.  
All nouns of this declension that in the nominative singular endeth in us. changeth us in e. in the vocative/ as hic radius o e hic dns o e. hic petrus oh e. Except iii appellatives filius deus & agnus/ filius maketh fili deus & agnus be like the nominative also agnus maketh agne. Save proper names of men in ius. that doth a way us and than remaineth the vocative/ as hic virgilius o virgilii. hic gregorius o ri.  
Else in latin the vocative shall be like the nominative by changing the article in to o/ as hic vir o vir.  
Hoc templum huius pli. huic plo. hoc plum. o plum ab hoc plo The plu. hec templa. horum plorum. his plis hec pla. o pla.  
¶ Here is to be noted that all nouns of the neuter gender/ of what declension that ever they be shall have. two. cases like in both numbers/ the nominative accusative and vocative/ as in templum. & these. iii. in the plural number evermore end in a. outake ambo & duo the which be thus declined.  
The plural Ambo. be bo. borum barum borum. bobus babus bo bus. bos bas bo. bo be bo. bobus babus bobus. And so is duo declined in every case. In the third/ fourth & fifth declension/ the nominative accusative & vocative plural shall alway be like/ of what gendre soever that nouns be/ ut exempla docebunt.   

¶ Examples of the third declension.  
Hec bonitas huius tatis huic tati. hanc tatem. o tas. ab hac te. The plural he taes. harum tum. his tibus.  
Hic & hec sacerdos huius 'tis. huic ti. hunc et hanc tatem. oh does ab hoc et ab hac te vel ti. The plural high & he taes horum & harum tum. his tibus hos et hastes etc.  
Hoc vulnus huius eris. huic ri. hoc nus. o nus ab hoc near. The plural hec nera. horum nerum. his neribus &c.  
When the nominative singular of this declension endeth in is & the genitive plural in ium. than may the accusative plural end both in es & in is. as hic ignis horum ignium hos ignes & ignis. hec restis harum restium has rests et restis. hic hec testis horum harum testium hos has testes & testis. hic hec omnis horum harum omni hos has oens & oins.   

¶ Examples of the fourth declension  
Hic visus huius sus. huic sui hunc sum. o sus ab hoc visu The plu. hi sus. horum suum. his sibus. hos sus. etc.  
Hec manus huius nus. huic three hanc num. o nus. ab hac nu.  
The plu. he nus. harum vum. his nibus. has nus. etc.  
¶ Here is to be noted that these nouns following make their dative & ablative plural in ubus. But all other of his declension keep i before bus. Uersus  

Partus portus acus ticus lacus artus et archus.  
Over cubus atque veru tribus & specus exit in ibus    

¶ Examples of the fifth declension.  
¶ Hic meredies huius ei. huic ei. hunc 'em. o es. ab hoc e.  
The plural high meridies horum erum. his ebus etc.  
Hec species huius ei. huic ei. hanc 'em. o es. ab hac c.  
The plural he es. harum erum. his ebus etc.  
In the first & the last declension/ the genitive & daties of the first number be alway like/ as huius poet, huic poet. huius meridiei. huic meridiei.  
¶ Also all nouns of the fifth declension lack three cases in the plural number/ that is to say/ the genitive dative and ablative. except these in these verses  

Progenies vel maneries dic materiesque.  
Spes acies facies sic res speciesque diesque.     

¶ Declenson of adjectives.  
¶ Of adjectives some be declined with. three articles and one termination/ as hic hec hoc felix: some with three articles and. two. terminations: as hic hec turpis et hoc turpe. some with three articles and three terminations/ as hic saluber: hec salubris. et hoc salubre: some with. iii. diverse endings only. and that three wises us. a um. as Bonus bona bonum. er. a. um. as.  
Niger nigra nigrum. else ur. a. um. as Satur ra.  as the examples showed.  
Hic et hec et hoc felix. huius felicis. huic felici. hunc & hanc felicem. et hoc felix. o felix: ab hoc et hac et hoc ce. vel ci. The plural high & he felices & hec cia. horum & harum & horum cium. his cibus. hos & has ces & hec cia. o 〈◊〉 ces et o felicia. ab his felicibus.  
Hic et hec turpis & hoc turpe. huius pis. huic pi. hunc et hanc pem & hoc pe. o turpis & o pe. ab hoc & hac & hoc turpi. The plural high & he turpes & hec pia. horum & harum et horum turpium. his turpibus.  
Hic & hec doctior & hoc ctius. huius ctioris. huic ctiori hunc & hanc ctiorem & hoc ctius. o ctior & o ctius. ab hoc et hac & hoc ctiore 〈◊〉 ctiori. The plural high & he oars & hec ora horum & harum & horum ctiorum. his doctioribus. etc.  
Bonus a. um. boni e. i. no. e. o. num. am. um. ne. a. um no. a. o. The plu. boni e. a. norum. arum. orum. bonis. etc.  
¶ Here is to be noted that all adjectives in the plural number hath one voice for all gendres in the dative and the ablative case.  
¶ Niger nigra nigrum. nigri nigre nigri. nigro nigre nigro nigrum gran grun. niger gra grun. nigro gra gro The plural nigri nigre nigra. nigrorum grarum grorum nigris. nigros grass gra. etc.  
¶ Satur a um. suturi e i saturo e o. saturum am  satur a  saturo a o etc. like to niger a um.  
¶ All manner adjectives with. three diu erse endings only be the first declension & the second of nouns and like one of these. ¶ The mixed  
¶ Hic saluber: hec salubris & hoc salubre. huique salubris huic salubri. hunc hanc salubrens: et hoc salubre. o saluber: o salubris: et o salubre. hoc hac hoc salubri. The plural high & he salubres & hec salubria horum hatum horum salubrium. his salubribus. etc. Of this sort been. xii. as these verses showeth.  

Campester volucer 〈◊〉 pedester equester  
Silvester celeber acerque 〈◊〉 saluber  
Tale paluster opus tale sequester habet   
The which all were sometime declined like turpis Also it is to be noted that all adjectives like to turpis or saluber. make the adjective singular only in i. But all comparatyves and adjectives of one termi nation make both in e and in i  
¶ Sequitur figura terminationun instar sex candelarum:  

¶ Figura quinque declinationum.  
  

¶ Degrees of comparison.  
¶ All adjectives that betoken things that may be made more or less/ may receive comparison/ as fair/ more fair/ less fair/ most fair/ lest fair/ or else fair fairer fairest.  
¶ There be three degrees of comparison/ the positive the comparative/ and the superlative.   

¶ De cognition positivi.  
¶ The positive is grounder and fundament of the comparative and superlative/ without excess/ and he is not form/ as fair/ foul/ white/ black   

¶ De cognition comparativi  
¶ The comparative passeth his positive with this english word more or less/ or else his english endeth in er/ as more fair/ less fair or fairer/ & his latin endeth in or. or else he hath this adverb magis or minus joined to his positive/ as doctior. or else magis doctus: vel minus doctus.   

¶ De cognition 〈◊〉.  
¶ The superlative passeth his positive with this english word most or lest/ or else his english endeth in est/ as more fair/ less fair or fairest & his latin endeth in muss. ma. mum. or else he hath this ad verb maxim or minime joined to his positive/ as doctissimus ma. mum. or else maxim doctus. maxime docta. maxime doctum. minime doctus. minime docta. doctum.  
¶ Here is to be noted that all comparatyves be declined after doctior. and all superlatives like bonus bona bonum.   

¶ De formatione comparativi.  
¶ The comparatif is form of is positif of his first case that endeth in i by putting to this termination or/ else us as doctus cta ctum. 〈◊〉 us. tenuis te nuis tenui tenuior us. felix cis ci. felicior we.  
¶ Out of this rule been except these. vi. nouns following the which make both the comparative and supcrlatyf out of rule/ as Bonus melior optimus. malus peior pessimus. magnus maior maximus. parvus minor minimus: & paruissimus. multus plus plurimus. nequam nequior nequissimus. Also juvenis maketh 〈◊〉. Senex senior. and lacketh the neuter in us and also the superlative degree.  
¶ Such adjectives that end in us & have a vowel before us. have now no comparative in or. but all way this word magis/ and the positive shall supply the room of the comparative/ as pive 〈◊〉 pius. perpetuus magis perpetuus. extraneus magis extrane us. In such the supcrlatyf followeth the rule/ as pius pussimus strenuous issimus. If thou find any other wise/ it is excused by antiquity.  
¶ All nouns that maketh their comparative in or may make the comꝑatyf with magis or minus. & the positive. ¶ Buth such that end in us with the vowel etc. may no wise make the comparative in or.  
¶ Other parts of reason make comparison as this verb detero maketh deterior for his comperatyf & de terrimus for his superlative. Also participles going in to nouns/ as amans amantior tissimus  
¶ These adverbs and prepositions in these verses with many other more/ make the comparative and superlative indirectly. Uersus.  

Ante/ citra/ prope/ post/ extra/ supraque vel infra  
Intra/ nuper/ ocys/ ultraque/ pridem/ penitusque  
Pene/ penesque/ diu/ sepe/  
Ante/ anterior/ caret superlativo.   
Citra citerior citimus Ocies ocior ocissimus Prope propior proximus Ultra ulterior ultimus. Post posterior postremus Pridem prior primus Extra exterior extremus et extimus Penitus penitior penitissimus. Supra superior supremus/ et sumus Pene vel penes penior penissimus. Infra inferior infimus. Diu diutior diutissimus. Intra interior intimus. Sepe sepeus sepussime Nuper nuperior nuperimus  
¶ There be also some nouns that maketh their comparative in rule and lack their superlative/ as Serus serior. Celsus/ celsior.   

¶ De formatione superlativorum.  
The superlative is form of his positive of the first case that endeth in i by putting to s and simus/ as. Doctus docta doctum. docti. doctissimus. Felix felicis felici felicissimus. Except his positive end in er. For than he maketh the superlative by putting to rimus as. Niger nigerrimus. Saluber saluberrimus with double rr. ¶ Save Dexter maketh alway dextimus Sinister sinistimus.  
Also facilis maketh facillimus with double ll. So both agills make agillimus. gracilis gracilimus. humilis humilimus: & similis simillimus. with their come pounds. Also maturus maketh maturimus & maturissimus. vetus veterrimus.  
These it superlative degrees Intimus & ꝓximus may sometime be as 〈◊〉/ & hath for their comparatyves intimor & ꝓximor/ & lacketh their supcrlatyves All adjectives in cus the come of dico facio and loquor change us in entior for the comparative/ & in entissimus for the superlative/ as magnificus centio. centissmus. fatidicus centior centissimꝰ. grandiloquus quentior quentissimꝰ. if thou find any other wise it is excused by antiquity/ as mirificior mirificissimus.    

¶ Declenson and division of pronouns.  

Here be. xv. pronouns beside their compounds/ as Ego: tu: 〈◊〉: 〈◊〉: ipse: iste: hic & is: meus: tuus: suus: noster: vester. nostras: & vestras. Of the which. viii. be primatyves/ as Ego tu sui etc. and. seven. derivatives/ as meus tuus suus etc.  
Of pronoun primatives Ego & tu been only demonstratyves. Sui only relative. The residue sometime demonstratyf/ as when they show a thing not spoken of afore. Sometime relatives as when they reporteth a thing 〈◊〉 of afore. All derivatives be demonstratyves. Except Suus that is sometime demonstratyf and sometime relative.   

¶ Declenson of primatyves  
Nominativo Ego. gto mei. dativo michi. action me. 〈◊〉 cativo caret 〈◊〉 a me. Anglice I or me. The plural nton Nos gton nostrum vel nostri dton nobis. actonnos. vton caret, ablton a nobis. Anglice us or we.  
¶ Here is to be noted that all pronouns lack the vocatyf case save these. 〈◊〉. Tu meus noster & nostras 〈◊〉 Tu. gton tui. dton tibi. action te. vton tu. 〈◊〉 eaten. anglice thou or the. The plural nton vos. gto vestrum vel vestri. dton vobis. action 〈◊〉. vton o vos. abla 〈◊〉 a vobis. anglice you or ye.  
These genityves mis tis & sis. were sometime use/ but now we take meus tuus suus. their 〈◊〉 and leave them.  
Nominativo caret. gto sui dton sibi. action se. uton caret ablton a se. & like wise in the second number. anglice he/ she/ him or her/ it/ that/ them/ they/ or those. and this is called the pronoun of reciprocation. All the se. iii. pronouns Ego tu sui. with their compounds be called of the first declension of pronouns.  
Ille illa illud illius illi In all other cases of both numbers like bonus a um. Ipse ipsa ipsum ipsius ipsi Iste ista istud 〈◊〉 isti  
Hic hec hoc. ut prius. Anglice this or these. And iste isto istud. is of the same english. Ille and ipse be Englished like Sui. Is ea id eius ci etc. like Bonus. an glice like Sui.  
¶ All these. v. pronouns Ille ipse iste hic & is. be called of the second declension of pronouns.  
Of the same declension be also. viii. nouns with their compounds. Unus/ ullus/ totus/ solus/ alter/ alius quis/ & uter as.  
Unus una unum unius uni  
Ullus ulla ullum ullius ulli  
Totus tota totum totius toti  
Solus a. um. solius soli. ¶ In all other casus lyke Bonus. And all these. lack the vocative case. Altar a ū alterius alteri  Alius a um. alius alii  Uter. a um. utrius utri Except totus solus & unus. Neuter a. ū. neutrius tri.   
¶ Also it is to be noted that all nouns of this declension that nowende inius in the genitive/ & in i in the dative made sometime both genitive & dative like Bonus bona bonum. Also they said ilus Ipsus Istus. Where we say Ille ipse iste: ut adhuc est videre apud autores.   

¶ Declenson of derivatives  
¶ Meus a. um. vton mi a. um. Tuus a. um. Suus a.  be like Bonus. Noster a. um. is like Niger gra. grun.  
Nostras and vestras in the singular like Bonitas & in the plural like Felix.  
¶ persons be. iii. The first/ the second/ the third words of the first person be Ego & nos with their oblyques. Of that second person be tu & vos with their oblyques/ & every vocative case. All other words declynable be of the third person.  
¶ Here is to be noted that all cases be called oblyques/ except the nominative singular/ & the vocative when he is like him.   

¶ Declenson of pronouns compounds.  
Idem eadem idem. eiusdem. eidem eunden eanden idem. vton caret ablto eodem eadem eodem. The plu. idem eedem eadem. eorunden earunden eorunden. eisden & iisden. eosdem easdem eadem vton caret. ablto eisden & iisden. anglice the same or the self.  
Nominativo Isthic isthec isthocvel isthuc. Acton isthunc isthancisthoc vel isthuc. Ablativo isthoc isthac isthoc The nominative & accusative plu. Isthec for that neuter gender. In the other cases he followeth both Iste & hic.  
Quis vel qui. Que vel qua. Quod vel quid. cuius cui quem quam quod vel quid. Uocativo caret. Quo qui qua qui. quo q. The plu. Qui que que vel qua. Quorum quarum quorum. Quis vel quibus. Quos quas que vel qua. Uton caret. A quis vel a quibus. anglice. that whom or the which.  
Note well that Quis & Quid be never relatives but alway Interrogatyves & Infinityves Also qua in the nominative singular & in the plural standeth for aliqua and is no relative    

¶ Declenson of a verb  
verb is declined with ꝯiugation/ mode/ tense/ number/ and person.  

¶ conjugations be four  
¶ The first conjugation hath this vowel a long before re in the infinitive mode of the active voice/ as amare. Or else a long before the ris in the second word declining of him/ as amaris  
Except Do das with his four compounds of this conjugation/ the which hath a short/ as dare circumdare. venundare. pessundare. satisdare.  
¶ Here is to be noted that evermore the fourth word in declining of a verb is the infinitive mode/ & the third word the preterperfectens of the showing mode.  
Also the active voice of a verb is called o/ as amo; And the passive voice r. as amor.   

¶ The second conjugation.  
The second conjugation hath e long before re etc. as docere/ else etc. as doceris.   

The third conjugation.  
The third conjugation hath e short before the re/ etc. as legere/ else etc. as legeris.   

¶ The fourth conjugation.  
The fourth hath i long before there. etc. as audire/ else etc. os audiris.   

¶ Modes of verbs.  
Modes be. seven. the showing/ the asking/ the byddyngy/ the wishing/ the potential/ the subjunctive and the infinitive.   

¶ Tenses of verbs.  
Tenses be. v the presents/ the preterimperfectens/ the pnterfectens/ the preterpluꝑ. the future.  
¶ Signs of tenses be these/ do/ died/ have/ had will/ and shall.   

¶ Numbers of verbs  
Numbers of verbs be. two. the singular/ as lego Irede/ the plural/ as legimus.  
¶ Persones of verbs be. iii. the first as lego I read the second as legis thou readest/ the third as legit/ he readeth.   

¶ Declenson of the active voice.  
AMo amas. Amavi. Amare di. do. dum. atum. Amans. Amaturus. anglice to love.   

¶ The showing mode.  
¶ The presentense. amo. I love or do love. amas thou lovest or dost love. amat he loveth or doth love. The plural amamus we love or do love. amatis ye love or do love amant they love or do love.  
Preterimperfectens amabam I loved or died love/ bas bat. The plu. bamus batis bant.  
Preterꝑfectens amavi I have loved: amavisti vel a masti avit. The plural vimus vistis vel amastis. verunt vel vere. else amarunt vel are  
¶ Here is to be noted that the pnterperfectens of the showing mode formed all tenses after him that end in ram rum ro. by changing i in to e. as of amavi amaveram amaverim amavero.  
Also all that end in sem or in se. by putting in betwixt/ as of amavi amavissem amavisse.  
Also when soever the preterperfectens of this niode endeth in this syllable ui. than may he & all tenses form of him suffer syncopation. sc taking away this syllable ui or ve in the second person of both numbers. And in that third person plural/ as amasti amastis amarunt. Also in all tenses of the foresaid terminations/ as amaveran amaran. But the preterperfectens of two syllabes do not so/ as Pavi lavi  
Except these. iiii. Scivi: novi: flavi: flevi/ the which make. Scisti. nosti: flasti: flesti.  
The preterplu. amaveram I had loved. ras rat. The plural amaveramus ratis rant  
The future. amabo I will love or shall love. bis bit. The plural bimus bitis bunt.   

¶ The asking mode.  
¶ Here is to be noted that this same mode is used in questions/ and is called the asking mode.  
Also thenne he useth his nominative case ever after the verb/ or else between the sign & the verb/ as love I/ do I love/ loved I/ died I love/ have I loved 〈◊〉 I loved/ will I love/ or shall I love.  
He is also called the promise mode with diverse other names.  
Also all these latin words serve to the interrogatyf mode.  
¶ Uersus  
Num/ numquid/ nun/ nunnan/ ne non/ an/ et an ne.   

¶ The bidding mode  
The present/ ama love thou amet love he. In this mode is no first person singular. The plu. amemus amate ament.  
Also in this mode the nominative case cometh after the verb/ as in the asking mode/ the praetertense lacketh in this mode. But we use the preterꝑ/ & plu/ of the subjunctive mode for them as it shall be showed in the third part in circumlocutione.  
The future. amato tu love thou here after. amato ille The plu. amemus tote. anto vel antote.  
These two 〈◊〉 signs/ let & might/ & all adverbs of letting/ or for bidding serve to this mode.   

¶ The wishing mode  
The present utinam amem. god grant I love. es & The plu. emus etis ent. The preterin. utinam 〈◊〉 would god I loved: res ret. The plu. remus retis rend  
¶ Here is to be noted that the preterin. of the optative potential/ & subjunctive of this voice be formed of the infinitive by putting to of m/ as amare amarem The 〈◊〉. utinam amaverim god grant I have loved. ris rit. The plu. 〈◊〉 ritis rint. The preterplu. utinam amavissem would god I had loved. The futur utinam amavero god grant I shall love. To this mode serveth all adverbs of wishing or desiring/ as utinam osi. etc. & all such english signs/ god grant would god I pray god/ god send/ give or send grace   

¶ The potential mode.  
¶ The present. amem I may love. I would love. I shall love etc. The preterin. amarem.  
The preterper. amaverim.  
The preterplu. amavissem.  
The future amavero.  
And this mode is used in all questions with the conditions of the asking mode in such english may I love/ would I love/ should I love/ as it shall be showed plainlier after.   

¶ The subjunctive mode.  
The present. quum amem when I love  
The preterin. quum amarem when I loved  
The preterꝑ. quum amaverim. when I have loved  
The preterplu. quum amavissem when I had loved  
The future. quum amavero when I shall love.   

¶ The infinitive mode.  
The present and preterim. amare love or to love.  
The preterper. and plu. amavisse have loved/ or had loved/ or else to have loved: or had loved.  
The future lacketh in all verbs. But we take circumlocution/ as amatum ire/ go to love/ vel amaturum esse. or be to love hereafter.  
Also the infinitive mode hath neither number ne person. But generally an accusative case before him expressed or understand.  
gerundives in most comen use be these. amandi of loving/ or to love/ amando. in loving/ or of loving/ amandum. to love/ and all gerundives be declined like bonus na. um. And supynes be undeclined and be verbs/ and evermore end in um. and in u. by do doings away m. as amatum. to love/ or go to love amatu to be loved.  
¶ Here is to be noted that the supine in um. cometh of the active and betokeneth deed and moving to a place/ also he is a verb active. But the supine in u be tokeneth suffering without moving/ and is a verb passive and cometh of the passive.  
〈◊〉 secus inveneris/ non usum voces/ sedusum  
The participles of this verb be/ amans. anglice loving/ and amaturus. anglice to love.   

¶ The verb of being is thus declined.  
SUm es Fui. Esse essendi essendo essendum ens. futurus. And all these be his englysshes. am/ art/ it/ was/ were/ a be.   

¶ The showing mode or indicatyf.  
The present Sum I am. es thou art. est he is. The plu. sumus we be. estis ye be. sunt they be.  
The preterin. eram I was. eras thou was. erat he was. The plu. eramus we were. eratis ye were. erant thy ware. The preterper. fui I have been. fuisti thou hast been. fuit he hath been. The plu. imus istis erunt 〈◊〉 ere. The preterplu. fueram I had been ras. rat. The 〈◊〉. ramus ratis rant. The future ero I shall be. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The plu. rimus ritis runt.   

¶ The bidding mode or Imperatyf  
The present sis vel es be thou. sit. The plu. simus sitis vel. este sint. The future. esto tu be thou hereafter/ esto ille. The plu. simus estote sunto vel suntote.   

The wishing mode or optative.  
The present. utinam sim god grant I be. sis sit. The plu. simus sitis sint. The preterin. utinam essem would god I were esses esset etc.  
The preterper. utinam fuerim god grant I have be  
The pnterplu. utinam fuissem would god I had been  
The future. utinam fuero god grant I shall be etc.  
The potential and subjunctive mode like wise.   

¶ The infinitive mode.  
The present and preterin. esse be or to be  
The preterper. and plu. fuisse have been or had been  
The future as doth the verbs that lacken their supynes  
The gerundives. essendi of being/ or to be. essendo in being/ or of being. essendum to be.  
The participle of the present & preterim/ ens being  
The future. futurus. anglice to be   

¶ Declenson of the passive voice.  
AMor amaris amatus sum. amari. amatu. amatus. amandus. to be loved.  
The present. amor I am loved. amaris vel amare thou art loved. amat he is loved. The plu. amur we be loved. 〈◊〉 ye be loved. ant̄ they be loved.  
The preterin. amabar I was loved. baris vel bare batur. The plu. bamur bamini bantur.  
The preterper. in this mode and in all modes following of this voice lacketh. But we use for it is the participle of the pretertens/ and this verb sum. of such tens as the verb should be/ in this wise/ amatus sum vel fui. I have be loved. es vel fuisti est vel fuit. The plu. amati sumus vel fuimus estis vel fuistis sunt fuetunt vel fuere.  
The preterplu. amatus eram vel furam I had be loved. eras vel fueras erat vel fuerat. The plu. eramus vel fueramus eratis vel fueratis erant vel fuerant  
The future. amabor I will be loved/ or shall be loved amaberis vel bere bitur. The plural amabimur bimi ni buntur.   

¶ The bidding mode or imperatyf  
The present. amare be thou loved. amatur. The plu. amemur amemini amentur.  
The future. amator tu be thou loved hereaftr. amator ille. The plu. amemur minor amantor.   

The wishing mode or optative.  
The present. utinam amer. god grant I be loved. ame ris vel ere etur. The plu. emur emini entur.  
The preterin utinam amarer would god I were loved reris vel rere retur. The plu. remur reminirentur  
The pnterper. utinam amatus sim vel fuerim. god grant  
I have be loved. sis vel fueris sit vel fuerit. The plum simus vel fuerimus sitis vel fueritis sint vel fuerint  
The preterpluperfectens. utinam amatus essem vel fuissem. would god I had be loved. etc.  
The future utinam amatus ero vel fuero. god grant I shall be loved etc.   

¶ The potential mode.  
The present. Amer I may be loved/ would be loved or should be loved.  
The preterin. amarer I might be loved.  
The preterꝑ. amatus sim vel fuerim I might have be loved/ would have be loved/ or should have be loved.  
The preterplu. amatus essem vel fuissem I might have had be loved/ would have had/ or should have had be loved.  
The future. amatus ero vel fuero I may be loved her after/ will be loved hereafter/ or I shall mow be loved hereafter.   

¶ The subjunctive mode.  
The present. quum amer. when I be loved.  
The preterin. quum amarer when I was loved.  
The pnterꝑ. quum aniatus sim vel fuerim. when I have be loved.  
The pnterplu. quum amatus essem vel fuissem  
The future quum amatus ero vel fuero.   

¶ The infinitive mode.  
The present & preterin. amari to be loved.  
The pnterꝑ. & plu. amatum esse vel fuisse. to have be loved/ or had be loved. The futur amatum iri. to go to be loved. vel amaturum esse. or to be loved.  
The participle of the preterꝑ. & plu. amatus I loved  
The latter futur. amandus to be loved.   

¶ The second conjugation.  
OOceo doces. Docui. docere. di. do. doctum. Docens. Docturus anglice to teach.   

¶ The indicatyf mode.  
The present. Doceo I teach ces. cet. The plu. cemus cetis cent The pnterin. Doceban I taught etc.  
The preteꝑ. docui I have taught. docuisti docuit  
The plu. cuimus istis etunt vel ere. The preterplu. docueram I had taught etc. The future docebo I shall teach or will teach. The interrogatyf. ut prius.   

¶ The imperatyf mode.  
The present Doce at. The plu. ceamus cete ceant  
The future doceto tu. to ille. The plu. amus tote cento vel centote.  
¶ The optative mode.  
Utinam doceam god grant I teach.  
Utinam docerens. would god I taught  
Utinam docuerim. god grant I have taught  
Utinam docuissen. would god I had taught.  
Utinam docuero god grant I shall teach.   

¶ The potencyall mode.  
Doceam. I may would or should teach.  
Doceren etc. Docuerim etc. Docuissen etc. Docuero etc.   

¶ The coniunctyf mode.  
Quum doceam. when I teach  
Quum docerens etc. Quum docuerim etc. Quum docuissen etc. Quum docuero etc.   

The infinitive mode  
Present and preterin. docere  
Preterꝑ. and plu. Docuisse  
Future Doctum ire vel docturum esse   

¶ The gerundives. Docendi do dum.  
The supine Doctum.  
The participle of the present & preterin. Docens  
The participle of the future/ Dociurus   

¶ The passive voice  
OOceor doceris Doctus sum Doceri doctu. Do ctus Docendus.   

¶ The showing mode.  
¶ The present Doceor I am taught. ceris vel docere cetur. The plural. cemur cemini centur  
The preterin. Docebar  
The preter. and plu. ut prius  
The future Docebor   

¶ The bidding mode.  
The present docere at. The plu. ceamur cemini ant.  
The future Docetor tu. tor ille. The plu. ceamur ceminor center.   

¶ The wishing mode.  
Utinam docear Utinam docerer  
Utinam doctus sim vel fuerim.  
Utinam doctus essem vel fuissem.  
Utinam doctus ero vel fuero.  
¶ The potential mode & the subiunctyf/ ut prius.   

¶ The infinitive mode  
The present and preterin. Doceri.  
The pnterper and plu. Doctum esse vel fuisse.  
The future Doctum iri vel docturum esse.  
The supine. Doctu. to be taught  
The preterper and plu. Doctus taught   

¶ The third conjugation. ¶ The showing medo.  
LEgo legis. Legi. Legere. Legendi do dum. Lectum legens. lecturus. anglice to read. Lego I read. gis get The plu. legimus gitis gunt Legebam bas bat. The plu. bamus batis bant  
Legi gisti git. The plu. gimus gistis gerunt  
Legeram ras rat. The plu. geramus ratis rant  
Legamges ges get. The plu. gemus getis gent  
¶ Here is to be noted the when the future of the showing mode endeth in am or in are than in the second person & all persons following I shall change a in to e.   

¶ The bidding mode  
Legam gas got. gamus gite gaunt.  
Legito tu gito ille. gamus tote gunto guntote   

¶ The wishing mode.  
Legam gas got. gamus gatis gaunt  
Legeren res ret remus retis rent.  
Legerim ris rit. rimus ritis rint.  
Legissen says set. gissemus setis scent.  
Legero ris rit. rimus ritis rint.  
¶ The potential mode and subjunctive ut prius.   

¶ The infinitive mode.  
Legere. legisse lectum ire vellecturum esse   

¶ The gerundyves  
Legendilegendo legendum   

¶ The supine Lectum.  
¶ The participles/ one of the presentense & preterin. as legens/ an other of the first futur/ as lecturus.   

¶ The passive voice.  
LEgor legeris. lectus sum. legi. lectu lectus. le gendus. anglice to be red.   

¶ The showing mode.  
Legor I am red. legeris vellegere legit. The plu. legimur gimini guntur.  
Legebar baris vel bare batur  
Lectus sum vel fui es vel fuisti etc.  
Lectus eram vel fueram eras vel fueras etc.  
Legar legeris vel gere getur. gemur gemini gentur.   

¶ The bidding mode  
Legere legatur The plu. legamur gimini gantur  
Legitor tu legitor ille gamur gimini guntor   

¶ The wishing mode.  
Legar garis vel gare gatur etc.  
Legerer reris vel rere retur etc.  
Lectus sim vel fuerim  
Lectus essem vel fuissem  
Lectus ero ul fuero eris vel fueris erit vel fuerit  
¶ The potential mode & subjunctive. ut prius   

¶ The infinitive mode.  
Legi. lectum esse vel fuisse. lectum iri vel lecturum esse   

¶ The supine lectu to be red  
¶ The participles of the preterper. & plu. as lectus: an other of the last futur/ as legendus   

¶ The fourth conjugation  
AUdio dis. Audivi. Audire. Audiendi. do. dum.  
Auditum. Audience. Auditurus/ to here.   

¶ The showing mode  
Audio audis audit. The plu. dimus ditis diunt.  
Preterin. audiebam bas bat etc.  
Preterꝑ audivi audivisti audivit etc.  
Preterplu. audiveram audiveras audiverat etc.  
Future. audiam audies audiet. etc.   

¶ The Imperatyf mode  
Audi audiat. audiamus audite audiant  
Audito tu. dito ille. diamus tote diunto vel diuntote.   

¶ The optative mode.  
〈◊〉. Audirem Audiverim 〈◊〉 Audivero   

¶ The potential mode and Subtunctyf mode ut supra. ¶ The showing mode.  
Audire Audivisse  
Auditum ire vel auditurum esse.  
¶ The supine auditum.  
¶ The participle audience auditurus   

¶ The passive voice.  
AUdior audiris auditus sum. audiri. 〈◊〉? auditus audiendus.   

¶ The showing mode.  
Audior I am herd. audiris vel audire auditur. audi dimur 〈◊〉 diuntur.  
Audicbar etc.  
Auditus sum vel fui etc.  
Auditus cram vel fueram. ut prius  
Audiar etc.   

¶ The bidding mode  
Audire audiatur. amur amim antur.  
Audiuntor tu tor ille. amur minor untor   

¶ The wishing mode.  
Audiar etc.  
Audirer.  
Auditus sim vel fuerim.  
Auditus essem vel fuissem.  
Auditus ero vel fuero.  
¶ Thepotencyall and subjunctive mode. ut prius   

¶ The infinitive mode  
Audiri.  
Auditum esse vel fuisse.  
Auditum iri vel audiendum esse.  
¶ The supine auditu  
¶ The partityple. auditus audiendus    

¶ The participle  
A participle hath gender and case as hath a noun time & signification as hath a verb/ number & figure as they have both.  
¶ There be seven. endings of participles. Ens/ ans/ tus/ sus/ xus/ rus/ dus.  
Ens ans. be of the presentense and preterin.  
Tus sus xus. be of the preterper. and plu.  
Rus and dus. be of the future  
The participles in ens. & in ans. be form of the preterimperfectens of the showing mode/ by changing bam. bar. or ram. in to n & s. as amaban: loquebar: poteran. change etc. & it will be amans loquens potens.  
Out take ibam & quibam/ the which make iens and quiens with their compounds.  
Save ambiebam the which followeth the general rule in every point.  
¶ The participles in tus sus or xus be form of the supine in u. by putting to s. as lectu lectus. visu vi sus. nexu nexus  
The participle of the first future is form of the su pine in u. by putting to rus/ as lectu lecturus  
The participle of the later futur is form of the genitive case singular of the participle in ens or in ans by changing 'tis in to dus/ as legentis legendus.  
All in ens or in ans be of the third declension of nouns/ and like felix.  
All other be like Bonus bona bonum.  
The gerundive is declined with three diverse endings/ dus da dum. like bonus.  
¶ Here is to be noted that iens & quiens change e in to u in all obliqne cases with their compounds & also i in to e. as iens euntis. quiens queuntis.   

¶ The adverb.  
There be many significations of adverbs/ some be of time/ as qn. heri. some of place/ as quo? domum.  
Of number/ as quotiens. semel  
Of order/ as primo secundo Of continuation as inde deinde. Of denying/ as non nequaque.  
Of admitting or putting of case/ as esto licet.  
Of granting/ as ita sic.  
Of confirming/ as prorecto quidem  
Of swearing/ as pol mediusfidius  
Of flattering/ as sodes ambo  
Of showing/ as an ecce. Of meeting/ as adversum 〈◊〉. Of calling/ as heus eho  
Of answering/ as heu how.  
Of exorting/ as eya age  
Of letting or forbidding/ as ne neve  
Of asking/ as cur quare. Of price/ as care vili  
Of determing or quality/ as bene perperam  
Of quantity/ as multum satis  
Of exclusion/ as tantum solum  
Of disconfort/ as penitus prorsus  
Of intending/ as adeo: valde  
Of remittynges/ as paulatim: sensim  
Of excess/ as nimis: nimium:  
Of similitude/ as quasi: tanque  
Of doubting/ as forsan: forsitan  
Of gathering/ as simul: una  
Of departing/ as seorsum: secus  
Of comparison/ as magis: maxime  
Of chance/ as forte: fortuito  
Of choice/ as potius: immo  
Of hasting/ as propere: festinanter.   

¶ preposition.  
Of preposition separable there been three sorts.  

¶ The first sort.  
Ad Apud Ante Aduersum Cis Citra Circum Circa Contra Extra Erga Inter Intra Infra juxta Ob Pone Per Propter Prope Secundum Post Trans Ultra Preter Supra Circiter Usque Secus Penes Pridie Postridie Aduersus Subtus Foras.  
All these will have an accusative after them.   

¶ The second sort.  
A ab abs/ Cum coram clam De E ex Pro Pre palam Sine absque tenus Procul  
All these will have an ablative case after them.   

¶ The third sort.  
In Sub Super & Subter.  
All these will have some time an accusative case. and some time an ablative case.  
Tenus in the plural number may have indifferently a genitive case or an ablative case  
Prepositions inseparable be these. seven. An. Di. Dis. Re. Se. Co. Con.    

¶ A conjunction.  
Of conjunctions. Some be  
Copulatyves/ as et atque  
Disiunctyves/ as aut ve  
Continuatyves/ as seu sive  
Subcontinuatyves/ as quin quia  
Causales/ as ut enim  
Condicyonals/ as si quamuis  
Temporals/ as quum dum.  
Resuming or concluding/ as ergo ideo  
Aduersatyves/ as et si tamen  
Exceptyves/ as nisi preterque  
diminutives/ as saltem at  
Doubting/ as or asking/ as an ne.  
Approbatyves as nam namque  
Explatyves/ as quidem autem  
Of choosing/ as or comparison as quam tam  
¶ All other be reduced to some of these   

¶ Interjection  
¶ Of interjections. Some be  
Of joy/ as eya euge  
Of cursing/ as malum racha  
Of morning/ as hoi hei.  
Of wonder/ as atat pape  
Of anger/ as ah hem  
Of laughing/ as haha tehe  
Of indignation/ as ah au.  
Of sudden answer/ as ha hem  
Of reproving as vath phi  
Of exclamation/ as o oho  
Of sudden espying/ as en ehem  
Of scorn/ as hui.  
¶ All other be reduced to some of these  
¶ Sequitur secunda pars principalis opusculi    

¶ Secunda pars principalis  

¶ definition of nouns  
A Noun betokeneth a thing without any difference of tyme. Also the name of all that I may see feel or perceive by any of my five wytes/ is a noun.  
¶ A noun proper betokeneth a thing common but to one thing alone of his first ordinance/ as Uirgilius. roma.  
¶ A noun appellatyf betokeneth a thing commu ne to many things of his first ordinance/ & every thing after of the same kind is called by the same name/ as homo. lapis albus niger.  
¶ A noun substantive may stand by himself with out the help of an adjective/ as homo. lapis. and cometh commonly with one of these tokens a/ a/ the. as a man/ a horse/ the son.  
¶ A noun adjective may not stand byhym self with out the help of a substautyf/ as albus niger.  
¶ All adjectives of nouns & pronouns commonly goth before the substantive/ when they be joined to guider/ as a good man/ a fair maiden/ my father/ my mother. A participle cometh after his substantive/ as the mother teaching/ the bell rung  
¶ Here is to be noted that adjectives in the neuter gender. having after them expressed or understand any of these english words/ thing/ things/ or gear/ be as substantives/ and be called substantives and stand substantyvate/ as album differt a nigro. pauca habeo multis indigeo.  
So may be an jufinityf mode/ as amare legere. or any other word I put materyally/ as Ego est pnomen/ amo est verbum/ the which be alway unmovable & the singular number & the third person.  
A noun iuterrogatyf betokeneth asking of a thing as 〈◊〉 qualis quotus quot cuius quotenus quotennts. A noun reddityf answereth to a question by some likeness or showing/ as talis. tantus. tot. solus. vinus biennis.  
A noun relative maketh rehearsing of a thing that was spoken of afore/ as qui: qualis quantus: quotus quot: & cuius.  
A noun distributyf or universal is thus englysshed all/ each/ every/ none. & they be. two. sorts. affirmatives/ as quilibet. omnis. uterque. negatives/ as nemonul lus nichil/ & all such as beginneth with .N.  
A noun partityf betokeneth a part/ as alter. unus aliques. & such as been thus englylshed/ some or any  
A noun infinitive hath in his english/ manner/ & every/ as quicumque. quisquis. quivis. anglice what manner of man or who so ever.   

¶ definition of Gendres:  
¶ The masculine gender is that/ that is according to males only/ in them that hath both male and female/ as vir. or else is wont of auctors to be joyened to masculynes where is no difference of male or female/ as lapis.  
The feminine gender is that/ that is according to to females only in them etc. as mulier. Or else is wont of auctors to be joined with feminynes where is no &c. as petra.  
The neuter gender is that/ the is In different to both of them etc. as iumentum. or else is wont of auctors to be joined with neuters where is etc. as saxum.  
The common gendre is that/ that is common both to males and females in things only that have life/ as parens miles.  
These nouns be of all gendres that to all things may pertain/ Indifferently/ as felix velox  
There be also beside all these some nouns that be called of the dubyn gender/ the which without any discretion of signification be supposed now to the masculine/ and now to the feminine termination/ as margo dies.  
There be some of the Epycen gender/ the which under one voice & under one article comprehend both, male & female/ as hic passer hec dama. both for male and female.   

¶ definition of cases.  
The 〈◊〉 case is that/ that nameth a thing as it is only/ and not in other respect/ and his english may answer to this question/ who/ or what set be fore the english of a verb of certain number and certain person/ as poeta.  
The genitive case generally betokeneth a thing as the haver/ as poet. & that is the cause it may be turned in to that possessyf/ his sign in english is this word of/ therefore when the word of cometh before a noun proper or appellatyf/ it shall be put in the genitive case if the reason may be turned in to this wise/ that haft of my knife/ my knives haft/ or else commonly it may be said by a preposition/ as arguor a preceptore  
The dative case betokeneth a thing as to which is giving/ wanting/ profit or hurt/ or to the which is likeness/ evynnesse/ sending or pleasure/ & his sign in english is this word to/ as I am profitable like or egalle to thee/ sum utilis similis vel equalis tibi.  
¶ Here is to be noted that this english word to be fore a casuel word without bodily moving/ requyteth the dative case/ but with bodily moving the accusative with this preposition ad.  
The accusative case betokeneth a thing as suffering/ & generally all that/ that may receive the deed of the verb active/ or the active signification shall be the accusative case.  
The vocative betokeneth a thing as called or spoken to  
The ablative case betokeneth a thing as from the which some what is taken a way. He betokeneth all so time/ price/ or instrument/ & all these be that signs of that accusative case. In/ by/ with thorough/ for/ from & fro/ also by a place/ & this word then/ after a comparative degree/ be signs of the ablative case.  
The word the signifieth Instrument/ hath comen lie understand or set out this english sign with & will have never after the craft this preposition Cum.   

¶ definition of number:  
¶ The singular number speaketh but of one thing/ as vix. a man.  
¶ The plural speaketh of many things/ as vixi. as men.  
¶ Here is to be noted that nouns of multitude as populus. gens. though they be the singular number/ they have the strength of the plural/ like as have. two. or more propres or appellatives/ as virgilius and Full gentius. Grammaticus and 〈◊〉.   

¶ definition of persons.  
The first person is known by these signs. I me us/ & we. & is only appropered to the thing that speaketh/ & of this person be but. two. latin words with their oblyques Ego & nos. ut prius  
The second person is known by these signs/ thou the/ you/ or ye. and longeth only to the things that is spoken to.  
Of this person also be but. two. latin words with their oblyques. tu & vos and every vocative case.  
All other casual words in the world be of the three person.   

¶ definition of pronouns  
¶ A pronoun is a part of speech the which is set and to the most perfit sentence he requireth some thing after him to answer to this question of whom or of what/ as amor a te I am loved of the.  
To these verbs be reduced. vi. verbs that end in 〈◊〉 as Exulo. Liceo. Uapulo. Ueneo. Fio. and Nubo.  
A verb deponente endeth in r. and hath definition only of the active/ as loquor. Or else only of the passive/ as nascor.  
And generally verbs that end in r. & have none of these said signs be verbs deponentes/ as sequor to follow/ opinor to ween/ trow/ or suppose  
A verb common endeth in r. & hath definition both of the active and of the passive/ as largior to grant/ or to be granted.   

¶ definition of tenses.  
¶ The presentense betokeneth a thing that is in doing now/ and hath expressed or understand this english sign do/ in all verbs transityves/ as I love or do love.  
The pnterimꝑfytens betokeneth a thing as late be gone/ but not yet perfitly ended or finished & hath expressed or understand with that condition afore said this english sign died/ as I loved/ or died love.  
The preterper. betokeneth a thing as perfitly finis shed & hath alway expressed or understand this english sign have/ as I have loved. I have taught The pnterplu. betokeneth a thing that was perfitly passed/ of long time agone/ and he hath alway expressed or understand this english sign had as I had loved. I had taught.  
The future betokeneth a thing that is to come and evermore hath expressed understand one of these english signs/ will or shall. as I will love/ or shall love. I will teach/ or I shall teach.  
¶ Here is to be noted that if the verb may receive in his english this sign. have after to/ as misereor misereris. to have mercy or pity. Abundo das. I have enough.  
Than must I alter some of my signs/ & some must I double in this wise.  
In the present have. In the preterin. had. In the pnterper. have had. In the pnterplu. had had. In that future. will have or shall have.   

¶ definition of modes.  
¶ The showing mode signifieth a thing as told as I love. I do love/ & requireth a nominative or a vocatyf case before him/ as ego lego. Uirgili lege.  
¶ The asking mode signifieth a thing as question as love I. do I love/ & commonly requireth his noina tyf or vocative after him. else betwixt his sign & him both in common spcche/ & also in latin/ as dost thou here him? Audivisti tu illum?  
¶ The bidding mode signifieth a thing as bidding or commanding. And requireth his nominative case or vocative/ like the asking mode/ as speak virgyll. Loquere virgili. Here you. Audite vos.  
¶ The wishing mode or 〈◊〉 signifieth a thing as desired/ & hath expressed or understand both in latin & in english. ut prius in prima part.  
¶ The potential mode betokeneth a thing as not done/ but that may or might have be done & hathas great strength as one of these verbs Possum. volo. debeo. And the infinitive mode of the verb that he cometh of/ and his signs in english be these/ may might/ would/ should/ aught/ must. & other like/ as ra perem I would pull. obtunderens I would knock  
This mode also is used commonly either with a/ or with an other condicyonall clause/ as. Si hoc non possum. flumina amen. Non expectet  
Si esset in his fides. non laboraremus  
Some time he is used without negation or condicy on expressed/ as videas 〈◊〉 dixerit aliquis.  
Also this mode may be used in question/ as quid igi tur faciam? Non eam. Quid agas just etc. with such conditions as were showed afore.  
¶ The subiunctyf mode betokeneth a thing/ as joined incertain person and certain number to an other verb/ as jubeo ne facias.  
His signs in english be these/ if/ but/ & when after that/ and many other more.  
And also these latins may have after them the subjunctive mode. Uersus  

Si. quamuis. quamquam. tametsi. licet. atque priusquam  
Antequam. an. donec. ve postquam. sive quousque  
Quum. nisi. quin. acsi. quandoque iungis ubi.   
¶ The infinitive mode betokeneth a thing/ as done or to be done/ without other number or person/ and sometime hath expressed these signs to/ or to be/ as to love/ or to be loved.   

¶ definition of a participle  
A participle is a part of speech declined with case the which taketh part of a noun/ part of a verb/ and part of both.  
He taketh of a noun gender and case/ of a verb time & signification/ of both number and figure.  
¶ A participle was ordained to make that reason shorter and more or not avoiding the concourse of relatives/ adverbs/ & conjunctions/ with the which/ were not he/ the reason should be foul accumbered.  
¶ There be. v. tenses in a participle/ as be in a verb One of the presentense & preterinꝑ. in one voice An other of that pnterper. & plu. in one voice. And two participles of the future in two voices. One of that first future in rus/ & an other of the later future in dus  
¶ The participle of the presentense & preterinper. is known both by his english & by his latin/ for his english endeth in ynge or in and/ as loving lovand And his latin endeth in ens or in ans/ as legens. amans. and he is form ut prius.  
¶ The participle of that pnterper. & plu. is known etc. For his english beginneth with I or a. & endeth in d t or in n. as I loved. I taught. I seen a gone/ & his latin endeth in rus. sus. or xus. & is form ut prius.  
¶ The participle of the first future is known &c. for his english beginneth with to/ without be/ as to love. to teach/ & his latin endeth in rus/ as amatu rus. lecturus. & he is form ut prius.  
¶ The participle of the later future is known &c. for his english beginneth with to & be together/ as to be loved. to be taught/ & his latin endeth in dus/ as    

¶ Tercia pars principalis  

¶ The three concords in Grammar.  
Tercia be but three concords in grammar. The first betwixt the nominaty for the vocative & the verb. These conde betwixt the adjective & the substantive. The third betwixt the relative & the antecedent. It hath been said there be. two. more/ but learned men reduce them to that second/ as rosa est pulcherrimus florum. Where is under stand this substantive flos. Alter istorum currit. Where understand vir. puer. or some like.  

¶ The first concord.  
¶ The verb personal & his noinaty for vocative case must agree in. two. accidents/ number & person as ego amo. O virgili. ama.  
¶ Here is to be noted the if I shall make an english in latin. I must rehearse it till I have it perfitly and see how many verbs be in the same reason/ & if there be but one/ he is the principal verb/ than must I put before him this question who or what/ and that word thatanswereth to the question shall be that nominative or the vocative to the verb/ as the master teacheth this word teacheth is the verb who or what teacheth the master/ this word master here answereth to this question/ & therefore it shall be nominative case/ as magister docet & like wise of the vocative/ as Uirgyll love/ Uirgiliama.  
¶ Yfony thing come after the verb I must put befeor the verb this question/ whom or what/ and that word that answereth to this question whom or what shall be the accusative case most commonly as the master teacheth me/ whom or what doth he teacheth me/ this word me. answereth to this question whom or what/ & therefore it shall be the accusative case to the verb/ as Magister docet me. Uirgyll love god. Uirgili ama deum.  
But and if the word that followeth the verb/ may conveniently answer to this question of whom or of what/ it shall be put in the ablative case with one of these pmposicyons A. ab. abs. De. E. Ex. as I am beat of the master. Uapulo a preceptore.  
Two nominative cases singular with a conjunction copulative etc. will have a verb plural always/ except the reason be fyguratyf. ut planius post patebit. as Io hannes et Robertus currunt.  
One nominative case singular with an ablative case having this preposition cum. betwixt them/ if they be coupled to some sentence/ be of the same strength as Petrus cum Paulo coronabuntur in celis. Oratores cum poeta loquuntur.  
A noun of multitude in the nominative case singular is of the same strength/ as Turba straverunt vestimenta suam via.  
¶ When I have. u. nominative cases/ one of the first person & an other of the second else of the third the verb shall always accord with the nominative case of the first person/ as Ego & tusumus. Uir & ego stamus Also if I have an nominative case of the second person/ & an other of the third/ the verb shall accord with the nominative case of the second/ & of the third as tu & frater tuus estis discipuli.   

¶ The second concord.  
The adjective & the substantive must agree in three accidentes/ gender/ number/ & case/ as vir doctus legit  
¶ Here is to be noted that. two. substantives singular with a conjunction copulative coming between/ or else having this preposition cum. will have an adjective plural/ as johannes et robertus sedent scribentes Petrus cum paulo sunt coronandi in celo.  
And when I have two substantives coming together one of the masculine gender and an other of the feminine or of the neuter joined with an adjective than shall the adjective agree with the substantive of the mass culyne in gender & like wise it is betwixt the feminine & the neuter/ as Ego & soror mea sumus albi. soror tua & iumentum estis pulchre. For like as the first person is more worthy than the second or that third so is the masculine more worthy than the femmyne or the neuter.  
Also when so ever I have a noun or a pronoun adjective I must put to this question who/ whom/ or what/ after him. & than alway the word that answereth shall be the substantive/ as moche breed/ moche what/ breed/ my gown/ my what/ gown.  
If the adjective be a participle/ this question must go before/ as growing trees/ who or what grown trees  
¶ Here is generally to be noted that all words that stand as one person/ must ever be put in one case/ & all that be in one case stand as one person. Therefore it is commonly said/ that all that longeth to one thing shall be put in one case/ as my father a man loveth me a child. Pater meus vir diligit me puerum.   

¶ The third concord.  
The third is betwixt the relative of substance and his antecedent/ the which must ever agree in. three accidentes. Gendre/ number/ & person/ how be it he may discord with the verb some time in person/ as equus quem video currit.  
¶ Here is to be understand that there be. two. manner of relatyues/ one of substance/ and one of accidence. The relative of substance requireth a substantive for his antecedentes/ as Qui. Ille. Ipse. Sui. Is & Idem. The relative of accidence rehearseth an adjective for his antecedent/ as Talis. qualis. tantus. quantus.  
Also when I have a relative of substance I shall put after him this question/ who/ whom/ or what & that word that answereth to this question shall be the an tecedente to the relative/ as Uirgyll is deed, the which was a poet. The which what virgyll. This word Uirgyll answereth to the question/ and therefore it is his antecedente.  
This relative Quis is known by these signs that whom/ or the which.  
¶ When there cometh a nominative case betwixt the relative & his next verb/ than shall the relative be such case as the verb will have after him/ as Ego quent preceptor docet adverto.  
And when no nominative case etc. The relative shall be that nominative case to the verb/ as Ego qui sedeo scribo  
It is to be noted also/ that the relative may agree with his antecedent in. iiii. Gendre/ case/ number/ & person as Homo movetur. Idem homo currit.  
¶ When this word the cometh in a reason if it may put this english the which in his place it shall be made by this relative qui if not so that it report any thing afore said by some pronoun relative/ if it be token showing/ by ille illa. illud. or some other pronouns demonstratyf/ & when it betokeneth a thing as willed to be done by ut & a thing as telling the cause by qd or quia or other casual conjunctions.  
Conjunctions copulatyves & disiunctyves dubitatyf & interrogatyves will join commonly like case/ gender/ number/ mode and tens.  
Also two antecedentes singular with an et. conjuncton copulative coming between will have a relative plural/ as johannes et Petrus quos ego docui non discunt diligenter.  
¶ When I have a relative coming 〈◊〉 two substantives of diverse gendres longing both to one thing/ if the substantive that followeth be appellatyf than the relative may accord with either of them in differently/ as in gender/ as eo Oxoniam que vel qui est locus studendi.  
But & if the substantive the followeth be of a noun proper/ the relative shall accord with the later always in gender/ as Est locus in carcere qd tullianum appellat  
¶ When there be many verbs in a reason/ evermore the first verb shall be the princypallverbe. Except he come soon after one of these signs. That/ whom/ or the which/ or any of these. if. But. when. After that Before that. Although. Sith. Except. or other like. Or else after any of these latin words Si quamuis etc. Or else after any of these signs. To/ or To be/ as To love/ or To beloved.  
¶ Here is to be noted that where as many verbs be in a reason/ that verb is principal that maketh the reason perfit.  
Also where as be many verbs/ one verb at the least wise cometh betwixt the foresaid signs and the principal verb/ as the book that I begin to write if it were ended should profit children moche. Liber quem incipio scribere si perficeretur multum prodesset pueris.  
A noun relative may not be set in that same reason/ that his antecedent is in. But evermore he maketh a reason imperfect in himself.  
¶ A pronoun relative may be set in a reason with his antecedent/ as Patren sequitur sua proles. Sua cuique satis placebant. Dominum formidabunt adversarii eius.    

¶ Strength of compuling case  
¶ The verb of substance/ and all that be of like english will have such case after them as they have before them/ as I am a man. Ego sum vir.  
Thesame strength hath all verbs vocatyves/ as no minor Appellor. I am called Thomas. Ego vocor. Thomas. Also appareo. sedeo. with other like.  
And generally all verbs may couple like case when the word that gooth before the verb/ & the word that cometh after the verb long both to one thing/ as Latcus non sedet index in causis ecclesiasticis.   

¶ Note well.  
A nominative else a vocative may not stand without a verb finite set out/ or understand.  
Nor like wise a verb finite without a nominative or vocatyf case.  
A verb is called finite in all modes/ except the infinitive. Also every infinitive mode may have an accusative case set before him expressed or understand as for such manner of speech. Cui nunc cognomen In lo. Is more after use than craft.  
Nor an adverb may not stand without a verb.  
Nor a conjunction without. two. clauses/ and. two. verbs set out/ as Ego lego. & tu legis. or understood/ as Lego Uirgilium et Ciceronem. for Lego Uirgilium et. lego Ciceronem.  
Nor. two. clauses or. two. verbs without a conjunction except that one be an infinitive mode or else joined with a relative.  
Nor a preposition without a case. Nor an adjective without a substantive. Nor a relative without some word rehearsed of the reason afore/ the which may be called the anteccdente.  
Nor a relative without a verb divers from the verb of the antecedent/ if the relative be a noun.  
¶ When words must be construed together betokening things that be of one person/ they must agree in as many accidents as they may.  
A person is called in grammar the beer/ the doer/ the suffrer/ the haver/ the thing that is had/ that/ that groweth to/ as advantage/ or hurt/ anger/ or pleasure. Also price/ time/ Instrument/ & other like  
Accidents I call case/ gender/ number/ person/ mode/ and tense &c:  
This infinitive mode esse when he cometh after any of these verbs Uolo. soleo. cupio. incipio. disco. or any other like standing personally will have after him a nominative case/ after esse use of greeks what soever be understand afore/ as volo esse rex. Soleo esse amicus cupio esse doctus. disco esse pater.  
But and if the verb that cometh afore esse. be imꝑsonall/ the word that followeth shall some time be the dative case/ as Licet michi esse bono. Placet tibi esse regi.  
The which speaking though it be approved by the use of Greeks & latynes/ yet it is not after the craft Nouns of the comparative degree will have after them an ablative case/ when this sign than. followeth them. as I am wiser than these. Sum doctior his. And a genitive when this sign of followeth them as this is the wiser of you twain. Hic est doctior vestrum duorum.  
The superlative will have a genitive plural of all words/ except the noun of multitude/ of whom he is content with a genitive case singular/ as Uirgilius erat doctissimus poetarum. Trojan gentis fortissimus erat. Hector.  
Every verb is construed with case after his 〈◊〉. Therefore if it be not englished after his construction/ it is not englished after his signification/ wherefore these verbs Noceo and placeo/ and such other the which have after them a dative case must have these englysshes. I do grieve I do pleasure/ & contrary wise. Ledo & offendo. I hurt or offend rather than I do hurt/ or offence/ & like wise in one verb/ as Uaco tibi. I take heed to the. Uaco doctrina I lack cunning. But where it is hard to English them after their construction/ we must go as nigh as we may/ and for their construction/ to be known say generally that all verbs actyves. depo nentes. and communes/ may have after them an accusative case/ or some what set in the stead of it/ as. Amo. Loquor. Ueneror orationem. Amo legere. cupio ut legas. & so they have the nature of actyves.  
All verbs may have after them a dative case to that thing the which is giving/ sending/ vantage/ or damage/ or such other like of the same strength/ be all verbs that betoken preferring or comparison as Homo prestat homini.  
Every verb adjective that hath no passive sign with his english/ may have after him an accusative case of a word that is of the same signification/ or else that measureth his signification/ and so is as an active as Curro cursum. or stadium. or multum. vivo vitam infelicem.  
Every verb may have after him an ablative case that standeth as price/ clothing/ or armure  
And generally of all verbs that be as instrument as emi equum centum vummis. Induo tetunica. percussus pugione.  
Out of this rule be except adjectives of uncertyn price/ the which shall ever be put in the genitive case singular/ and neuter gender substantyvate if they be without substantives/ as magni interest/ parvi constat.  
But & if the substantive be expressed/ they shall both be put in the ablative/ as Penus emitur magno precio vel multa pecunia.  
To these be reduced verbs betokening lacking/ as Careo. vaco.  
Also such verbs Exulo. spolio. nudo. privo.  
Also verbs betokening moving will have after them the first supine/ or else the gerundive in dumb. with this preposition add as eo cubitum vel ad cubandum And where this general rule will not satisfy we must say specially that some verbs will have after them a genitive case/ as Insimulo. accuso. memini. re cordor. potior. and misereor. Some with the ablative case/ as Dignor indignor. Some passives with the accusative/ as gravor. doceor. postulor To these be reduced two participles Exosus. & pertesus. as exosus con tubernium. pertesus ignavian.   

¶ The ablative case absolute.  
¶ When so ever I have in a reason a noun or a pronoun substantive with noun. pronoun. or participle adjective coming together without any verb. or other word of whom they may be governed/ they shall be put in that ablative case/ which is called the ablative case inconsequent. if there come a nominative case with his verb hanging other before or after/ as cesar teyning virgyll was borne. Cesare regnant Uirgilius natus est vel natus erat.  
This case is called absolute or inconsequente because that he is loused from the power of all governance and standeth in a reason/ as the master teaching/ the scholars must take heed. Docente preceptore. discipu los oportet animaduertere. In being deed thou shalt lack help. Mortuo me. indigebis 〈◊〉.  
The ablative inconsequent may be exponed or decla red by these adverbs. Dum. quum. or quando. & such tenses of the verbs/ as the participles be/ when I have a participle in the said ablative case as Docen te preceptore disco vel disccbā. i. Dum. quum. or quando preceptor docet. vel docebat.  
¶ More over when soever I have in a reason any such sign/ whiles as long as/ after that/ if/ although notwithstanding/ or nevertheless. Than I may tor ne the next verb in to a participle/ & set him in ablative case inconsequent in conformity of case/ gender and number/ to the word that seemeth to be the nominative case to the said verb/ as whiles I live/ thou canst lack no thing. Dum ego vivo. vel me vivente potest 〈◊〉 nichil 〈◊〉. priests after their matins be said high themself to mass. Sacerdotes dictis prius matutinis parant sese ad missam. first serve thy maker/ when thou hast do so/ go about other things. Primum servi creatori quo facto: alias res 〈◊〉 age.   

¶ construction of verbs with diverse cases  

¶ Desino. Cesso. Defisto  
¶ These. three verbs Desino desinis. Cesso cessa. and Desisto desistis have all one english. anglyce/ to leave/ cease/ or let be.  
But desino desinis will have after him a positive or an ablative case with a preposition of the thing that we bid to be left/ as leave thy playing. Desine ludi. vel a ludo.  
Cesso cessas will have an accusative case/ or else an ablative with a preposition indifferently/ as Cease thy vengeance. Cessa vindictam tuam. vel a vindicta tua.  
Desisto desistis will have an ablative case with a preposition only/ as Except you leave your malice I will slay you. Nisi desistas a malicia: interficiam vos.   

¶ Supersedeo  
This verb supersedeo. anglice to leave of will have after him a dative case. ut inquit Aulus gellius. Exemplis supersedeo I leave of Examples   

¶ Abstineo.  
Abstineo es. anglice to abstain/ with hold/ or 〈◊〉 re/ as meats/ drinks/ or delectations/ may have after him a genitive or an ablative case with a preposition/ or without of the thing that we keep ourself fro/ as we must forbear flesh the fridays. Sextis feriis carnium carnibus: vel a carnibus abstinere de bemus. But there is commonly expressed or understand the accusative Reciprocatyf/ as debemus abstinexe nos a carnibus.  
Otherwhile he is thus englysshed/ to hold or keep/ & than he hath 〈◊〉 accusative or an ablative with a preposition expressed or understand. And so will Contineo. as keep thy hand out of the dish. Abstine manum a disco. I keep my fist from his cheek. Contineo pugnun a mala. Therentius. Non manum abstines mastigia. Idem. Uix me xtineo quin in capillum involen.   

¶ Egeo Indigeo Careo.  
¶ These. three verbs Egeo. indigeo. and careo hath all way one english. anglice to lack/ want/ miss/ need/ have miss/ or have need.  
But Egeo & indigeo may have indifferently a genitive or an ablative with a preposition of that thing that is away or mist/ as Ego vel indigeo salutis vel salute. and Careo evermore an ablative/ as Careo bireto.  
They had other cases of antiquity/ but it is not after craft.   

¶ Desum Deficio.  
¶ These two verbs Desum es. deficio cis. be of the same english/ but they will have a nominative case of thing that is away or mist. And a dative of the person that needeth or lacketh/ as in psalmo Nichil michi deerit. Deficiunt michi pecunie.   

¶ Abundo Affluo.  
¶ These. two. verbs Affluo is. & abundo as anglice to have plenty or enough have a nominative of the lord or possessor/ & an ablative of the thing that is had/ as rex affluit divitus/ anglia abondat militibus. Else a nominative of thing that is had/ & a dative the lord or possessor/ as Diuitie affluunt regi. Milites abundant anglie.   

¶ Dominor. Misereor  
¶ Dominor naris. anglice to have lordship to govern/ to have power/ or to be owner of/ and Misere or sereris. anglice to have pity or mercy may have after them Indifferently a genitive or a dative/ as Pater meus dominabit multarum terrarum vel multis terris. Deus misareatur nostri vel nobis.   

¶ Arguo. moneo. accuso.  
¶ All verbs that betoken accusing/ reproving/ damning/ monishing or warning/ as Arguo. moneo. accuso. damno. reprehendo. & other like may govern after them an accusative of the person/ & a genitive else an ablative with a preposition of the fault or voice. as Preceptor arguit discipulos tardi aduentus. vel de tardo adventu.   

¶ Obliviscor. reminiscor  
¶ All verbs that betoken remembering or forgetting/ as Obliviscor. reminiscor. & recordor. may govern after them a genitive/ an accusative/ or an ablative with a preposition/ as I think upon thy gentleness Recordor tue humanitatis. vel tuam humanitatem. vel de tua humanitate.   

¶ Privo. Spolio.  
¶ These. two. verbs privo as. and spolio as. anglice to rob steel/ or to take away. will have an accusative of the owner/ & an ablative without a preposition of thing taken away/ as johannes privauit me cultel lo. And their passives alway with an ablative of the thing taken away/ as Privor quinque libris. Spolior divitiis.  
¶ All passives hath before them a nominative of the sufferer/ & an ablative with a preposition of the doer. And some time a dative/ in the which is understand an ablative/ as Daryppa amatur a me. vel michi. They may have also all such cases as their actyves/ as Arguor abs te mei tardi adventꝰ 〈◊〉 meo tardo adventu   

¶ Aufero. rapio eripio. adimo  
¶ These. iiii. verbs Aufero fers rapio pis. eripio pis & adimo is. anglice to rob/ steel/ or to take away And generally all verbs that betoken diminution or taking fro. govern an accusative of the thing stolen/ & a daties or else an ablative with a proposition of the owner/ as Latro aufert pecuniam michi vel a me. Eripuit argentum tibi vel a te. Rapian faciem igni vel ab igne. Mors adimit vitam nobis vel a nobis.   

¶ Benedico. malidico.  
¶ These. two. verbs Benedico. anglice to bliss/ & maledico. to curse/ govern after them indifferently a dative/ else an accusative on that suffrer/ as 〈◊〉 tibi vel te The scripture is full of such examples  
¶ But benedico. anglice say well of/ and maledico say ill of/ will sometime have an accusative of the laud and an ablative with a preposition of the person/ as Pater multa benedicit dete. Omnes benedicunt dete.  
But when I shall make any such english/ I am bound to bliss my father. Thou shalt bliss me or any other like. I may much better make them by Opto as. Precor aris. Execro as. Devoueo es. Imprecor aris. And such other like with been. or male. joined to them/ as Discipuli habent benedicere non maledicere preceptori. scholars ought to say well & not ill by their master. Habeo bene optare preceptori Uel habeo bene precari magistro. et tu habes imprecari illi.  
Consulo is. anglice to ask counsel is a verb 〈◊〉 and may govern an accusative of the person that I ask of/ & a genitive or else an ablative with a preposition of the thing that I counsel for/ as Consulo te remedu vel de remedio.  
Consulo is. anglice to give counsel is sometime a verb neuter & will have a dative of the person that I give counsel to/ as Medici consulunt michi. He is also in this signification sometime a verb active/ and will have after him an accusative of thing that I give counsel for/ & a dative of the person/ as Consulo commodum tibi.  
Consulo is. anglice to see or to provide or to help/ is alway a verb neuter & hath after him a dative case only/ as help me in this matter. Consul michi in hac re. See to thy son. Consul filio tuo.   

¶ Sum es fui.  
¶ This verb Sum es fui when he betokeneth commendation or dispraising may have after him a genitive or an ablative case of the laud or reprove/ ut Virgo est pulchre venustatis. Uir forti animo  
When this english for may be changed into this word to/ it is alway the sign of the dative case/ ut 〈◊〉 est bonum pueris.   

¶ Ualeo. Consto.  
Ualeo es. anglice to be worth/ & Consto as. anglice to cost/ when they betoken certain price/ govern 〈◊〉ter them an ablative case of that word that betokeneth price/ as Liber meus constabat viginti denariis. Equus tuus valet centum solidis.  
But when they betoken uncertain price. they govern a genitive case/ as Liber meus constabat pluris quam valet. Equus tuus multi valet. Cicero. Quod michi constat pluris quam sim foro emissem.  
Sometime he is put for this verb Scitur or Patet & than he governeth a dative case also as This is open or known to every body. Hoc constat omnibus/ & sometime he is latin to cost/ ut supra.  
Also after Guarren he is englished some time to stand 〈◊〉 as Salustius saith. Multitudinem 〈◊〉 hostium constare viderunt. Also for Conuenire. anglice to agree to or agree with. ut Cicero. Adhuc que dicta sunt arbitror mihi constare cum ceteris artium scriptori bus Also for manifestum esse. anglice to be open or known/ as Cice. Hoc michi atque adversariis constat Also for consistere & firmum esse. as Constat pedibus. constat animo. constat mente.  
Some time he is taken for this verb Est. fio. or construor. & than he is construed with an ablative case with apreposiconn/ as Domus constat ex tecto pariete & fundamento. i. Est fit. vel construitur. Quattuor sunt ele menta ex quibus omnia constant.   

¶ Attineo pertmeo. specto  
These. two. verbs Attineo. & pertineo. anglice/ to pertain/ or long to have after them alway an accusative with this preposition ad. as Comperieban nichil ad Pamphilum quicquam attinere. Hec res pertinet ad te.  
This verb Specto is of the same construction. ut hoc ad partes spectat ut filii probe educantur.   

¶ Illudo.  
Illudo dis. anglice to mock or to laugh to scorn/ may govern after him a dative/ an accusative/ or an ablative with this preposition in/ as Certantque illudere capto. Uerbis virtuten illude superbis. Therentius in Andria. In quibus sic illudatis.   

¶ Metuo. timeo. vereor  
These. three verbs metuo. timeo. & vereor anglice to fear/ when they betoken love or favour they govern after them a dative case/ as Timeo vel metuo michi ne moriar. But when they betoken hatred/ they must have after them an accusative case or else an ablative with one of these. vi. prepositions A ab. abs De. E. Ex ut timeo vel metuo te: vel abs te: ne percutias me. 〈◊〉 reor dyabolum vel a dyabolo. Therentius in Andria Ego non nichil veritus Daue abs te.  
¶ Also all verbs that betoken fear/ have the same strength/ as Paveo. formido & other like.   

¶ Fugio. Caveo.  
These two. verbs Fugio fugis. & Caveo caves. anglice to flee or to be ware/ to eschew or avoid/ govern after them an accusative/ or else an ablative with a preposition/ as fuge vel cave equum vel ab equo.  
Moreover this verb Caveo when he betokeneth love or favour/ will need have after him a dative case/ as Cave capiti ne hoc frangaturictu.   

¶ Abrenuncio.  
This verb abrenuncio/ anglice to forsake/ governeth after him a dative case/ as Abrenuncio sathane.   

¶ Sum.  
Here is to be noted/ that when the verb of substance governeth after him a nominative case with a dative/ than may the said nominative be put in to the dative and so he may govern a double dative/ as Mors est michi cura. & mors est michi cure. et michi vita pudor. sic est michi vita pudori.   

Composita de sum.  
All the compounds of Sum es fui. may govern after them a dative case/ as prosum tibi. desum inimicis   

¶ Insum.  
Moroever this 〈◊〉 Insum es beside his dative may have an ablative with this preposition In as Inest mihi vel in me marima virtis. Tibi vel in te magnum inest vitium. Insunt etiam in temporibus hyemo. estas. ver. autumnus  
All these verbs in these verses following govern after them a dative case/ as Obuio tibi parco pueris placeo regi. noceo michi etc.  

Obuio. parco. placet. noceo. vaco. supplico. seruit  
Subuenit. officio. succurrit. propitiorque  
Sufficit. aspiro. validico. gratulor. astat.  
Insideor. pateo. minor. ac obtempero. fido.  
Obstat. obedit. eyes favet. heret proficit addas  
Congruo. compatior. confert. succedit. adulor  
Occurrit. restat. et cedo quando locum dat   
¶ When soever I have afore any of these foresaid verbs/ any of these signs am/ art/ is/ was/ were/ or be That that seemeth to be the nominative case shall be the dative/ & the thing that doth the deed shall be the ablative with a preposition/ as I am served of my son. Michi seruitur a filio meo. The king is pleased of his subjects. Regi placetur a suis subditis  
All these verbs following in these verses/ may govern after them a double accusative case as Postulo te veniam. Doceo te grammaticam.  
The latter accusative of whom may be governed of their passives/ as postulor veniam. Doceor grammaticam. Uersus  

Postulo posco. peto. doceo. rogo. flagito. celo.  
Exuo. cum vestit. monet induo. calceo. cingo  
Oro. petunt quartum simul ac interrogo binum   
But these verbs postulo posco peto rogo flagito oro & interrogo anglice to ask or desire/ & all other like may much better govern an accusative case/ of the thing asked or desired/ & an ablative with one of these foresaid vi. prepositions of the person that we ask or desire aught of as Postulo veniam abs te.  
¶ These. v. verbs exuo. vestio. induo. calceo & cingo & all like may much better & eleganter govern an accusative of the body & an ablative without a preposition of the garment/ or of the thing whom/ as Exuo me tunica. I do out my cote. Paulus in epistolis. Ac cinxit lumbos suos fortitudine.  
And the passives of the foresaid. v. verbs may govern elegantly an ablative case without a preposition/ as Exuor tunica In psalmo. Accingere gladio tuo su per femur tuum potentissime.   

¶ Celo.  
¶ This verb celo as. anglice to cover/ or to hide coum sell may govern beside his strength an accusative case of the thing that is covered or hide/ & a dative of the person that is ignorant/ as Celo meum consilium tibi. Or else he may have an accusative of the thing that is covered or hid & an ablative case with a preposition of the person that is ignorant/ as Celo me 'em consilium ate.  
¶ These verbs following in this verse will govern an ablative case with apposition/ as vescor solo pane.  
Uescitur et fruitur uror fungorque potitur.  
Uescor ris. caret preteritis et supinis. anglice to eat. Fruor ris fruitus vel fretus. anglice to use at our plea sure/ or to do after.  
Utor uteris. anglice to use or to occupy as things necessary.  
Potior eris vel iris. anglice to occupy/ as pleasure or delight.  
Fungor ris anglice to do our office or duty   

¶ participles. gerundives. & Supynes.  
All may govern after them all such cases as doth the verbs that they come of/ as Doceo grammaticam vel sum docens grammaticam. Loquor tibi vel sum loquens tibi. Duco Uirgilium & vem gratia discendi Uirgilium. Audio missam & vado auditum missam.   

¶ Perfyguram Synodochen  
¶ When this english sign the. followeth an adjective noun/ participle/ or else a verb passive/ or neuter & cometh before the part of a body/ the part of that body may be put in the accusative case without a preposition/ by this figure Synodochen/ as Hec estvir go venusta faciem. Frater meus est locus tibiam. doleo caput Ego frangor brachium.  
Moreover all nouns adjectives that may govern an accusative case by the foresaid figure may govern an ablative by the strength. ut hec est virgo venusta faciem vel fancy. Uir fortis brachium vel brachio. Tu es hylaris vultum vel vultu.   

Quam coniunctio.  
¶ This conjunction quam. anglice then/ causeth the words that be compared to be of one case/ as I love breed better than cheese. Amo panem plus quam caseum I love my master better than thou. Diligo preceptorem melius quam tu.   

¶ Nisi Preterque.  
¶ These two conjunctions. Nisi & preterquam. anglice. But save or except causeth the substantive of the sign universalis/ and the word that is except to be of one case/ as Omnis homo preterque symon currit. Uidco omne hoiem preter quam symonem currere. Nemo discit nisi ego. Neminen videtis discere nisi me.   

¶ Signa universalia  
All these adjectives been called signs universals. Omis Quivis. Quilibet. Quisque. 〈◊〉. Qui cunque/ & Uter. anglice. Each or every/ & Nullus 〈◊〉. anglice none or neverone. Also nichil & nemo/ be signs universals substantives.   

¶ Opus.  
This noun opus. anglice for need/ undeclined will have after him an ablative case of thing that I need of/ as habeo opus 〈◊〉   

¶ Fullness Emtynes.  
All words that betoken fullness & emtynes/ may have after them a genitive case/ or an ablative case/ as. Maria est plena gratie vel gratia. Tu es vacuus vir tutis vel virtute.   

¶ Worthiness unworthiness  
Also nouns that betokeneth worthiness & unworthiness be of the same strength/ as Sum dignus laudis vel laud indignus honoris vel honore   

¶ Plentefulnes. poverty.  
All nouns that betoken plentefulnes or poverty be of the same strength as Sun dives auri vel auro. Tu es impotens sanitati vel samtate.   

¶ Praising. dispraising.  
When there cometh anowne substantive with that token of 〈◊〉 genitive case. 〈◊〉 of which substantive hath an ad 〈◊〉 joined to him betokening praising or does praising/ than set them both in that genitive case or ablative/ which is more elegant. And this may be after a noun substantive/ a pronoun demonstratyf & after Sum es fui. as Uidi mulierem nigre faciei. vel nigra fancy. Sum elegantis form. vel eleganti forma.  
Ille pressorum narium vel pressis naribus est inimicus patris mei.   

¶ Similis dissimilis.  
These nouns similis and dissimilis may have after them a genitive or a dative/ as sum similis tui vel tibi.   

¶ Time  
All nouns that betoken time may be put indifferently in the accusative or ablative case. Except they be the nomiatyf case to the verb or otherwise governed as in example follow. Therentius in eunucho. Dies noctesque me ames. tercentunvixerat annis. & other while in the genitive case/ as Sum decem & septem anno rum.   

Length/ breed/ space.  
All words that betoken Length breed/ or space/ may be put in that ablative case Hec virga est decem pedibus longa Hec scola est tribus vinis lata. Distant Londonie ab Oxonia quinquaginta milibus passuum  
And also in the accusative. ut ovidius. Milia qui nouies distat ab urbe decem. Erant eis iacula quaternos longa pedes.   

¶ Infinitiws modus.  
The infinitive mode taken in the neuter gender & in declynable/ may be the noiatyf case to a verb some time set alone some time joined with other words and so may some time a hole sentence as in the examples. It is good to read/ what is good/ to read. This infinitive mode to read is nomiatyf case to this verb is/ as Legere est bonum. It is wholesome to eat little Pauxillum comedere est salubre.   

¶ endings of gerundives  
¶ How many endings of gerundives been there? as many as be of participles of the last future tens. & so they be declined in all cases & all numbers as nton Amandus da. dum   

¶ difference of Gerundives & participles  
¶ What difference is between Gerundives & participles. Gerundives betoken necessity and deed with out tyme. And participles betoken time without ne cessyte or deed.  
Examples of Gerundives. Tenet me occupatio juris dicendi. Tenet me cura dotis numerande.  
Examples of Participles. Cras legendos esse ais Nasonem et Uirgilium. anglice. To morrow thou sayest that Uirgyll & ovid shall be red.  
¶ How many Gerundives be most in use/ three/ why the three. Di. do. dum. How shall they be occupied/ thus as it followeth.   

De gerundivo in Di.  
¶ What soever the english of the infinitive mode cometh after any of these nouns. Tempus causa. locus. libertas. ius. voluntas. ars licentia. modus. ocium/ & any other nouns that betokeneth accident/ which noun hath his governing of some other word. I may put the positive in di in the stead of the infinitive mode/ as it is time to pray/ tempus est orandi. I have cause to weep. Habeo causam flendi.  
¶ And when soever I must speak by a relatyfe. I shall occupy the gerundive in di/ as hic dies attullit inicium dicendi que vellem. Non autem dicendorum corum que vellem.  
Also a gerundive in di may govern after him a genitive case plural. Plautus in cap̄. scdo.  
Noinandi tibi istorum erit magis quam edēdicopia.  
Participles & many adjectives that come of verbs be enjoined as well to the gerundive in di as to the in finityf mode/ as Timens navigare & navigandi. do ctus cantare & cantandi. cupiens. peritus. promptus consuetus & similia. Timidus. cupidus. avidus habe re & habendi. et similia.   

¶ De gerundivo in do.  
¶ When the english of the inifinityf mode cometh after a verb that betokeneth praying or beseeching it shall be put in a gerundive in Do. with this preposition de. before him. Or else I may take the conjunctive mode/ as Oro te de scribendo michi latinitatem. Et oro scri bas vel ut scribas michi latinitatem.  
Also when the english of a participle of the presentense with this english sign of/ afore him cometh after a noun adjective it may be put in a gerundive in do. with this preposition in. or de. vel sine prepositione si placet/ as I am weary of sitting. Fessus sum sedendo vel de sedendo  
¶ Also when I have the english of a participle of the presentense with this preposition. In. afore him joined with no substantive/ the said english may be put in a gerundive in do. with this preposition In or without si placet. as scholars in taking heed grow to cunning. Scolastici advertendo vel in adverten do evadunt docti.  
¶ Also may have a gerundive in do. after any of these vi. prepositions A. ab. abs. De. E Ex. as in these examples & in all other like Plinius posterior. Sermo nibus dies transiebat quum a scribendo vacaret. Cicero Ex quo ardescit sive amore sive amicicia. utrunque em̄ dictum est ab amando. Iten ab edendo factus est satur Item tu quid cogites detranseundo in epyrum scire sane velini. Ediscendo 〈◊〉 commodi capio. Ex defendendo quam accusando 〈◊〉 gloria comparatur.  
Also I may have a gerundive in do. without a preposition when I have these english words/ when whiles/ or as long joined with a passive signification/ as as long as mind is occupied/ it is encressed as all other things. Memoria excolendo sicut alia oia augentur. Excolendo. i. dum colitur. Urit femina. videndo. i. quum videtur.   

¶ De gerundivo in Dum.  
¶ When the english of the infinitive mode cometh after a reason & telleth the cause of the reason it may be put in the gerundive in dum. with this preposition add before him/ as I am come to learn grammar Uenio ad discendum grammaticam.  
Also I may have a gerundive in dumb with these prepositions In. ob propter. or ante. as in the examples & all other like/ as Uado in capiendum hostem vel ad si placet. Ego venio ob te. vel ꝓpter te redimendum. Uirgilius Nanque ante domandum ingentes tollent animos  
Also I may have a gerundive in dum. with this preposition Inter/ when soever I have one of these englys she words/ when/ whiles/ or as long/ put before a coniunctyf mode/ as whiles thou playest/ thou forge test moche thing Inter ludendum multa de discis Uirgilius. Age tytire & inter agendum occursare caprocornu ferit ille caveto.  
¶ When the english of the infinitive mode followeth this english it is/ it may be put in a gerundive in dumb. with this verb est. set impersonally/ & that that seemeth to be the nominative shallbe the dative/ as the king it is to fight. Regi pugnandum est.  
Also when I have this english must/ where as it seemeth to be made by this verb Oportet. it may be made like wise/ as I must needs cost go to town.  
Michi eundum est oppidum.  
After all such verbs that betoken callyge she wing/ moving/ or rest. I shall evermore have a gerundive in dumb. & never the infinitive mode/ as Uocavi te ad currendum non currere. Surgo ad audiendum non audire. Sto add predandun non predari.  
But these verbs following the Inifinityf/ & not that gerundive/ as jubeo te amare non ad arandum cogito timeo edificare non ad edificanun Some be indifferent to both/ as horror te studere & ad studendum. Flagitor paratus sum aptus. idoneus militare & ad militandun But such for the most part will have the gerundive and leave the infinitive mode.  
The getundyf is known fro the participle in dus by that that it betokeneth the doing of a thing without any respect of the time/ as Sum occupatus in docendo pueros. or in docendis pueris.  
¶ The participle in dus betokeneth a thing to be do ne in time to come/ as Chremes est exorandus a me. between In docendo pueros & In docendis pueris is this difference that in docendo pueros. is of the active signification & may be exponed either by that noun verbal in to. or by the present subjunctive and/ ut Occupatus sum in docendo pueros or in doctione puerorum or ut doceam pueros. In docendis pueris is of the passive and passyfly exponed/ as Occupatus sum in docendis pueris. for ut doceantur.  
And generally all gerundives be actyfly exponed except they stand absolutely/ as Utrique videndo id est dum videatur illustria ad cognoscendum hoc est ut cognoscantur.  
¶ The gerundive in do hath these prepositions In or De. as In or De transeundo in epyrum. with E. & Ex A or Ab. as Ex discedendo. Ab audiendo. with cum. as Cum loquendo.   

¶ De supinis  
When that english of the infinitive mode cometh after a verb or a participle betokening moving or going to a place it shall be put in the first supine/ as I go to hunting. Ego vado venatum. Also I may have that first supyve after all such verbs that betoken prive moving/ as Do. concedo admitto. recipto & many other like/ as Do filiam nuptum. Concedo. edes venum. Admitto te spectatum. Conceduntur edes venum admittuntur spectatum. Also I may have the latter supine after all nouns of that neuter gender that be of the comparative & superlative degree/ as quo qd magis abhoinabile eo turpius dictu. Et 〈◊〉 magis est aliqd studiosum tanto dignius honoratu. Optimun factu qd scit nescio. Dig 〈◊〉 intellectu est illud opus.  
Also I may have the latter supine after all these nouns adjectives in all gendres & numbers. 〈◊〉 Dignus turpis. rarus. iocundus. absurdus. severus. seuus. obsews. superbus. austerus. clarus. dutus & all other like signification as Naso dignus lectu. Pes digna vi su. Pecus dignum amatu.  
¶ Also it is to be noted that supynes may in no wise be joined with adjectives in conformity of case gender and number. Nor they may not be governed of no preposition. Also they have no case/ but alway be verbs. Also they be not governed of verbs/ nor of participles/ but of adjectives/ ut miserabilis visu id est ut videatur. Also they be of affinity with the In finityf mode.   

¶ De Infinitivo modo.  
when two verbs come together without a relative or a conjunction coming between them/ the latterverbe shall be the infinitive mode/ as Uolo legere. cupio doceri. And one infinitive mode may cause an other verb to be the infinitive mode/ as dico me non posse venire. Therentius ait se videre te cupere  
Such adjectives Dignus. indignus. iocundus. letus tristis. be enjoined better to the infinities mode than to the gerundive/ ut tu es dignus habere opes tu es di gnus honorari. tu es letus me bene valere. tues letus me honorari.  
Moreover where soever I take the Inifinityf mode of the presentens/ & pnterꝑfytens of the 〈◊〉 signification/ there may take the latter supine of the same verb/ as tues dignus honorari vel honoratu. sed non versa vice.  
Also when soever I take the first supine/ there I may take the neuter gender substantyvate with this more made with one of these two words Esse or fuisse & that participle in tus with comformyte of case gender and number betwixt the participle & the casual word that gooth before the infinitive mode/ as Uir 〈◊〉 amatus fuisse. Uirgo amata fuisse. Caput amatum fuisse. Uiri amati fuisse. Uirgines amate fuisse. Capita amata fuisse. Et similiter de esse.   

¶ De circumlocutione futuri temporis activi significationis modi Infinitivi  
The circumlocution of the future tens of that active voice of the foresaid mode is made with this infinitive more de Ire. & the participle in tus or in sus. or with this In finityf mode esse/ & the participle in rus. with conformity of case gender and number betwixt the participle and the casual word. Also the said future tens betokeneth time/ moving/ and bodily deed/ as Uolo te amatum ire vel amaturum esse. Amatam ire vel amaturam esse me. etc.   

¶ De circumlo cutione futuri temporis passive significationis antedicti modi  
The circumlocucyon of the future tens of the possyf signification is evermore made with this infinitive mode iri. & the participle in tus or in sus. or else with this infinitive mode esse. & the participle in dus with conformity of case gender and number betwixt the participle & the casual word/ as Intelligo. scto credo. video. opinor. existimo. peccatum meum patefaciendum esse vel patefactum iri. Negligentian meam patefaciendam esse vel patefactum iri. etc.  
¶ Save it is to be noted that the participle in tus or in sus/ with all circumlocutions of the future tens of the active signification/ betokeneth time present at hand/ us Uideo te accusatum ire me. id est nunc. an glice I see the now thou dost accuse me.  
Also the participle in Rus with all circumlocutions of the future tens of the active signification betokeneth vacertayne time withoutende/ as nunc video te accusaturum esse me. anglice now I see thou wilt ones accuse me. i. post hac tempore incerto.  
But all circumlocucyons of the future of the passive signification betokeneth both time & deed present & to come indifferently/ as video me accusatum iri abs te. i. video te vel accusatum ire me vel accusaturum esse me etc. anglice I see I am accused of the now or else I see I shall be accused of the here after   

¶ Exulo. Uapulo. Ueneo. 〈◊〉  
¶ When soever I am compelled to make a latin by one of these four verbs. Exulo. Uapulo. Ueneo/ & Liceo. that thing that doth the deed shall be the ablative with a preposition and the sufferer shall be the nominative case as the king hath banished many a traitor. A rege multi traditores exulaverunt. The master beateth scholars. A preceptore vapulant discipuli. The fishers sell their 〈◊〉 dear. A piscariis pisces care 〈◊〉. Thou dost apprayse thy servant A te tuus servus licet.   

¶ Nubo  
This verb Nubo bis. hath evermore the nominative case of the woman/ and a dative of the man in all comoy speeches/ as my brother hath wedded thy sister Fratri meo nupsit soror tua. I shall wed thy mother. Michi nubet matter tua.   

¶ De hoc vulgari signo At.  
¶ When soever there cometh a proper name of a place or town after this english sign at it shall be put in the genitive case/ so that it be in the singular number & the first declension or the second/ as I learn grammar at Oxford Disco grammaticam. Oxonie. I dwelled a while at york. Ego manebam aliquandius Eboraci.  
But & if the foresaid proper name be the third declension or the plural number it shall be put in the ablative casc without a preposition/ as Thou wast borne at Chartage. Tu eras Chartagine natus Thou 〈◊〉 study at Achencs. Studuisti Athenis.  
Moreover I may take an accusative case or else an ab lacyf of that forlaid nouns with a preposition of a convenient signification/ as maneo apud Chartaginem. & so of all other like/ as sum apud Londonias   

¶ De hoc vulgari signo To.  
When soever I have a proper name of a place after this 〈◊〉 sign To/ it may be put in the accusative case with a preposition or without indifferentlywhatnombre or declension soever he be/ as Eo Oxoniam vel ad oxonian. Londonias vel ad Londonias. Chartaginem vel ad chartaginem   

¶ De hoc vulgari signo fro.  
W soever there come a proper name of a place after this english sign fro/ it shall be put in the ablative case with a preposition or without indifferently/ what number or declension soever he be/ as venio oxo nia vel ab Oxonia Londoniis vel a londoniis. Chartagine vel a chartagine  
These rules be alway true except the proper name of town or place be componed/ for than I must evermore an accusative case or an ablative with a preposition of a convenient signification. as Eo ad san ctum jacobum. Fui apud terram sanctam. Uenio a sancto jacobo vel a terra sancta   

¶ 〈◊〉 Domus. Humus. Militia.  
These. iiii. nouns rus. domus. humus. & militia. followeth the ruler of the said proper names of places/ as maneo ruti venio rure. vado rus. sum 〈◊〉. eo domum. proficiscor domo etc.  
Of the same governance we find Belli. duelli. & many other in diuers auctors/ the which everichone be adverbs alway without they be joined to the said prepositions ut supra.   

¶ Penitet tedet piget miseret pudet  
These. v. verbs impersonales Penitet. anglice to be sorry or to repent. Tedet & piget. anglice to be weary or to have no lust. Miseret. anglice to have pity or mercy/ or to be sorry for favour. Pudet. anglice to be ashamed govern an accusative case in the stead of that nominative/ & a genitive of the thing that we be sorry for/ or have pity of/ weary or ashamed of/ as I repent me for my lewdness. Me penitet mei maleficii. Tedet Eccliam meam vite me. I am sorry for thy loss Me miseret tue calamitatis. Nos pudet nostrorum 〈◊〉. Te pigeat immensi laboris.   

¶ juuat. 〈◊〉. Decet. Oportet. Latet.  
These. v. verbs impersonelles. juuat & dilecta. an glice to delight or have pleasure. Decet & oportet. anglice to must/ or to be bound/ & Latet. anglice to woe tenere/ or to can not tell/ have also evermore an accusative case of that that seemeth to be the nominative/ as me juuat vel dilectat ludere. Te decet vel oportet au scultare pceptori. Nos latet doctus ne es an stolidus.   

¶ Interest. Refert est  
These. three verbs impersonelles. Interest refert & est anglice to be profitable or according hath evermore a positive case of the word that seemeth to be the nominative/ as Fratris mei interest amare me.  
¶ Out of this rule be except the. v. pronouns primatyves. Ego. tu. sui. Nos & vos/ & this noun interrogative. Quis. in stead of whom I shall take the ablative case feminine gender and singular number of their possessyves. That is to say. Mea. tua. sua. nostra. vestra. & cuia/ as Mea interest discere. iva interreat docere. Sua interfuit audire. Nostra interfuerat canere. Uestra intererit monuisse. who is bound to tell the troth/ but he that knoweth all the matter. Cuia interest enarrare veritatem nisi suo qui novit om nem rem.  
¶ Also when I have any such english. It is my office/ my duty/ or my part. It longeth for. It behoved. It is good reason or according/ or any such o there the includeth duty. I may conveniently occupy one of these. v. verbs. Decet. Oportet. Interest. Refert. or est. with the foresaid governance of case.  
¶ All these verbs in these verses following may have a dative case of the person that the deed longeth to/ as Michi licet ludere. Thou carest not whether I live or die. Tibi non vacat: moriar ne an vivam.  
Uersus  

Heclibet atque licet liquet et patet accidit atque  
Congruit evenit attinet expedit & licet add  
Pertinet incumbit vacat & sedet addito constat  
Conuenit et prestat contingit iunge satisfit  
Sufficit ad ternos cum competit advoco casus.   
¶ All verbs imꝑsonalles of the passive voice govern before them an ablative with a preposition/ else a dative of the person that doth the deed/ as a me vel mihi ama tur. & after them an accusative or an ablative with a 〈◊〉 position/ but never without/ as a me itur in antiquam siluam. a me auditur a me statur in foro  
Save otherwyle they may have after them such cases as hath the verbs that they be dyryved of/ as a me seruit tibi interdictum est tibi aqua & igni.  
Evermore before the infinitive mode of a verb impersonall of the passive voice I must express the ablative case with a preposition of the 〈◊〉/ as volo a me 〈◊〉. idest bolo amare. volo a me 〈◊〉. idest. volo servire.   

¶ Benefit. malefit satisfit  
¶ These verbs Benefit malefit. & satisfit will have before them an ablative with a preposition of the doer 〈◊〉 after them a dative case of the sufferer as a me be nefit tibi.  
¶ When soever there cometh any of these. vi. signs am art is/ was/ were/ or be/ before a verb neuter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bodily 〈◊〉. I may evermore take the preterꝑfytens of the Indicatyf mode or some other that is form of him as the vulgar doth require. And than the pnterperfytens of the indicatyf mode standeth beside his own strength/ both for that presentense & the pnterimperfytens. And so he & all tenses form out of 〈◊〉 have the passive signification/ as my master is come. Preceptor meus venit. My fellows be gone/ Mei condiscipuli abierunt  
¶ How many participles come of a verb impersonal of the passive voice? one/ which one/ a participle of the pretertens & the neuter gender only/ as Nton hoc oppositum. ablativo ab hoc opposito. and he hath after him a dative case/ as michi prius opposito tibi opponetur.   

¶ Incipit. desinit. debet. potest. solet. vult  
These. vi. verbs Incipit. desinit debet. potest. solet. and vult. joineth to the infinitive mode of verbs. impersonals and will have before them such cases as will the verbs impersonals/ as me incipit tedere vigilie. michi desinit placere studere. me debet puders maleficii bonos solet penitere flagitii me vult delectare dormire. Else they be alway verbs personals/ & have before them a nominative case/ as 〈◊〉 legere. etc.   

¶ Pono fero  
These. two. verbs actyves Pono & Fero componed with pre or ante be thus englysshed/ to tell more 〈◊〉/ to set more by/ to love better/ to have liefer/ 〈◊〉 have after them an accusative of the thing that we make most of and a dative of the thing that we make lest of/ as Prepono virtutem vitus. jam 〈◊〉 prepones catoni Prefero panem potui. Nescio utrum 〈◊〉 anteferam.  
And of this regiment be all these verbs with many other such/ as valeo es. prepondero as. presto as. anglice ur prius. as Ingenio vales.  
Item otherwhile with an ablative with a preposition ut Tullius ad modum valuit in genere dicendi. Ternarius numerus preponderat binario.   

¶ Postpono  
But postpono is of 〈◊〉 construceyon to Antepono. as postpono auditum visui.   

¶ Cello. Eo. Cedo.  
These. three verbs cello eo & cedo. componed with ante pre. or extra. anglice to pass/ exceed/ excel/ or to be better/ govern afore them a nominative case of the thing that we make most of/ and after them an accusative of the thing ut supra. as I pass far all my brethren both in writing & reading. Ego ante cello omes fratres meos in scribendo & legendo. Also ablative case with this preposition In. vel sine si placet of the thing that we compare in/ as Thou excedest me in might as much as I pass that in coming. Tu antecedis me fortitudine vel in fortitudine tanto 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 te scientia. 〈◊〉 antecellit alios poetas carmine vel in carmine.  
The same strength hath Supero & all other as verbs that hath the foresaid english.  
When no word lacketh in a reason to the most perfit sentence than it is called full/ as ego lego virgilium And when any thing that is required to perfit sentence lacketh if it be used to be understand by the common customs of romans the reason may be called fygurate/ as lego litteras where must needs be understonden ego & that sign is called Eclipsis.  
There be customably understand in latin tongue the se/ the relative with every word that be rehearsed of the reason afore in the same case/ gender/ number & person/ as the relative is/ as Lego Uirgilium qui est poeta where is understand with qui virgilius/ or else moregenerally/ as Stude nam ea res proderit.  
Oftentime the word that the relative rehearseth is expressed with the relative/ & understand afore as Urben puam statuo vestra est. where is understand before est this word Urbs.  
Also in answers commonly the verb that is in the as king/ as to this asking. Qui est. 〈◊〉 I say Ego. is understand sum.  
Also ego. tu. meus. tuus. suus as Uerbero filium. where is understand Ego. & after filium meum. tuum or suum as the matter requireth  
Sum es est. as Bonum dicere. Doctior quam ille where is understand est  
Also Ens where soever. two. or more proper or appellatives or one proper an other appellatyf come together in one case & one clause without any verb or between/ as Urben romam. for Urbem entem romam.  
Also nouns after superlatives when they cord in gender with the genitive after them/ as pulcherrimus florum. where is understand flos  
And after partatives/ as alter duorum 〈◊〉. where is understand homo but else they have the construction of adjectives  
Also conjunctions of all kinds most commonly in peers else not but the speaking be changed in to rogation or dissimulation/ as Surge para abs. where is to understand twice et. & specially ut before subjunctives, as Fac mittas. for fac ut. mittas  
Also preposition with names of towns/ as Uado roman where is understand ad. Ueni rhoma. where is understand a. Also fui thebis. where is understand in The which speaking though it be fygurate is more used than the full. The same figure also is when we say. Fui rome or tarenti. But there is understand beside that preposition In locus urbs or oppidum.  
And like as in these the fygurate is more used than the full/ so it is in Statur Currit. where is vnderstoude Statio & cursus. And in all such/ as Pluit. tonat. fulminat. is understand Deus. & in these five verbs Miseret. tedet. penitet. piget. and Pudet. as oft as they have not an infinitive with them is understand one of their own nouns. miseratio. penitentia. pudor to the which nouns alway pertaineth the genitive the followeth these words/ as Penitet me tui. for penitentia tui penitet or efficit me. the accusative is joined to the verb as an active.  
¶ Sometime. two. or more like clauses be closed together with one word singular/ the which is understand in every clause/ & set out in one/ as Cicero Uirgilius Homerus scripsit. & of this speaking the figure is called zeugina.  
¶ But of divers clauses none like other in gender/ number or person be closed with one word/ than is the figure Sylepsis/ & the word that closeth is wont to agree with the last/ as Uir & mulier magna ad me 〈◊〉. Hic 〈◊〉 arma hic currus fuit.  
But if the word that closeth be plural than it must agree in gender and person with the chief/ as Ego & uxor amati sumus. in the which is sylepsis in person & gender/ but not in number.  
To this figure may be reduced such constructions Urbem quam statuo. & fabulas quas fecisset etc.  
¶ When. two. or more things be generally compared in one word and afterward specially set out/ as Aquile volaverunt una ab oriente alia ab occidente. than is the figure Prolepsis etc.  
Cetera planius & plenius disces ex Sulpitio    
¶ Finis.  
¶ Finis opusculi magistri johannis Holt. quod Lac puerorum appellavit.   

¶ Thome more epygramma  

Macte puer gaude lepido quicumque libello  
Delicus tuis pastus es holtiade  
Nec tibi dat carnes nec acerbos arbuta fructus  
Dat tibi que dulci pocula lact fluunt  
Carnis in invalida massa gravis incubat aluo  
Arbuta non sapide sunt levis humor aque.  
At lac & infantem sine pondere nutrit alumnum.  
Lactis & infanti dulcis in ore sapor.  
Pastus es hoc igitur/ visum est decuisse nequibat  
Grandia tam tenerum pondera ferre iecur  
Nunc ubi desieris lactare/ alimenta monemus  
Non mellita nimis fortia sume magis.  
Ergo aut Sulpitii placida lepidissime mensa  
Utilibus Phoce vel satur esto cibis.  
Aut Sepontini 〈◊〉 nova musta Perotti  
Aut diomedeis condita mulsa cadis  
Aut alium quencunque velis imitarier opta/  
Dulcia qui caute misceat utilibus  
praecipue sed Sulpicii documenta capesses  
Holti 〈◊〉 use vel use meis.  
Discenda holtiades heteroclita liquit ab illo  
Et quodcunque tenent nomina queque genus.  
Recta leges illic que sit constructio/ sed post  
Pretcrita & verbis juncta supina suis.  
Sedulus & tandem long pulcherrima disces  
Carmina limitibus continuisse suis.  
Ergo musarum choreas ingressa juventus  
Quum per Sulpitium 〈◊〉 lyramque geres.  
Dic mode/ ferre lyram quum dextra nequiverat, 〈◊〉.  
Ad monuit labris ubera chara meis.    

¶ imprinted at London. by Wynkyn de word/ in Fleetstreet in the sign of the son.