THE SIEGE OF BREDA BY THE ARMS OF PHILIP THE FOURT UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF ISABEL ACHIEVED BY THE CONDUCT OF AMBR. SPINOLA  
Lovanii ex officina Hastenii M. DC. XXVII.   

TO THE MOST EXCELLENT LORD AMBROSIO SPINOLA MARQVES OF THE BALBASES. KNIGHT OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GOULDENFLECE.  
One of his Majesty's counsel of State. Captain general of his Army, which intered in Germany: Master de Camp General of, these States and Captain General of the sea Army of the same.  
Most Renowned, Glorious and Victorious PRINCE,  
MAny were the reasons and motives which moved me to set forth in the Inglish tongue, the illustrious siege, and worthy regaining of the town of Breda, by thy so prosperous, and potent arm, and to dedicate the same unto thy Excellency. First, so to diuulge unto the world (as much as I was able) the invincible power of that Great and Mighty Monarch, the Catholic King of Spain. Secondly, to spread abroad and to proclaim, the fame and piety of that Pearl of the world, the most Excellent Isabel Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Spain, such and so worthyà Princess, whose very ennimies approve of her just, deserved and undeniable praises, being such indeed, as hardly any mortal pen canset, them forth as they deserve. Thirdly, that both friends and foes might understand, the true undaunted valour, and invincible courage, of such an incomparable General, as thyself, who for thy ardent zeal and fervour to the Catholic cause, I may for a brief and summary abridgement of thy virtues, rightly call, the Captain of Captains, the triumphant Palm of all those who bear arms, the scourage of rebels. Terror of Heretics, suppresser of seditions, succour of Religious. Protector of virgin's safeguard of Monasteries, Bulwark of the lowcontries', and invincible Champion of the Catholic Church. oneill and odonel those famous warriors of great renoome, prudent. and brave conductors. their notorious acts so redoubted that their enemies so feared them, ay, and as. I have heard say, mootheres to cause there children to hold there peace when they cried, feared and affricted them. with this very name. resulting of the renoome of there rare victories, sore and bloody encounters and notorious executions. But the name of Spinola, danteth and maketh to tremble, not babes or children, but even the proodest, hautiest, and most insulting enemy of the greatest Monarch, of all Europe, the King of Spain, who as he is the greatest and most incomparablest of all the rest, and whose only name all other Kings of Christendom (enemies unto him) do redout: so of all the Captains and Commanders of this most Catholic King, no Captain, nor no Commanders name is more redoubted, then that of Spinola. For this is that right worthy Spinola, which no Scipio, no Pompeo, no Cesar, did ever surpass, in prudence, valour, vigilance, fidelity, and all other vertus. This is that Spinola who by his Heroical facts, manifested to the world by so many most famous victories, hath accquired to himself everlasting glory, and left to all posterity, perpetual memory. This is that Spinola, whom the hand of the highest assisting, conquered and subdued, that almost impregnable town of Breda. notwithstanding almost all the Princes of Europe, conspired with their uttermost force to oppose him. This is that glorious flower of all Italy, which country, as it hath brought forth many rare and incomparable warriors in former ages, so hath it now brought us forth a Spinola, no way inferior to his worthy predecessors, but rather such an one, in whom alone, all their former virtues seem to be revived. This is that Spinola, or rather to speak more properly, that thrice renowned Spine or pricking Thorn, which hath pricked the hearts of all warlike Nobility, with the Spine or prick of emulation of his incomparable virtues: But principally, this is that Spinola or right worthy Spine, who hath pricked the hearts of the present rebels and enemies of the Church of God, with such a prick and deadly dart, as hath wounded them all even to the hart. Fourthly and lastly, I was moved hereto, that in relating the invincible power of that mighty Monarch the King of Spain the unspeakable piety, zeal and devotion of the most Excellent Infanta, the incomparable virtue, valour, prudence, and brave conduction of this their so noble General, together with the united love unspotted loayltie, and rare judgement of other his Majesty's Nobles and faithful subjects in these executions, in all occasions, I might (with thy Excellencies leave) both enlighten my beloveded countrymen, with thehonor of thy Heroical Acts, with the rarieties, of that famous siege, and with the innumerable plots and stratagems of war, practised as well on Thine, as thy enemy's side. And the rather, for that not only myself, but other Captains of my nation, with many of our countrymen, served in this siege under thy colours, even from the first to the last of the same, receiving, at thy Noble hands such infinite honour for our service, as hath and evershall, justly oblige our lives unto thee, whence I doubted not, but that as by publishing the same, I should (as both my duty and desire was) perpetuat thy excellent praises to all posterity amongst my nation; so they would reap to themselves, much fruit thereby, in contemplation of thy virtues, and would with as willing minds receive the same, as I willingly employed my pains in setting it forth, principally for thy honour, secondarily for their utilities, such in particular as are more inclined to wars; and are desirous to learn some curiosities in the profession of arms. Reign, Conquer, and ever Overcome (invincible Prince) which thy Excellency's servant and most loyal Captain, and humble Orator, shall ever pray for during life.  
CAPTAIN GERRAT BARRY. IRISH.   

THE SIEGE OF BREDA  
MAny things with there greatness, have made the siege of Breda famous, above the memory of forepast wars first, the suplies of great socoures, that were on every side gathered toghiter by the enemy, 
The great extraordinary socorres, and emulation of strangeres.  as though the contention had been not for the safeguard of one town, but for the principality of the whole empire: the endeavoures of foreign nationes, so much augmented the fame thereof, as that emulation itself, increased the renown of the victory. Next the wonderful, and unheard greatness of the fortificaciones 
The admirable trinches.  which was made, by the enuironinge of a double trinche, against both an enwarde, and an ouward enemy, such a one as hardly any forepast histories have left in writhinge moreover an incredible multitude of 
The multitude of fortificasiones.  batteries, trinches, redutes, and forts, and other fortificasiones of like Kind, which both were perfected in that cruel time of the year, and in averie short space, there greatness considered. Furthermore, the great difficulty 
Great difficult in tranporting of vitualles.  of transportinge provision Safely, in so long a journey, both in winter time, and also in deep Ways, the space of aleaven months, when in respect of the costly carriage by 
Vituales and carriage dear.  wagones', imposed upon the willing provinces, the devastation of viladges and plases of defence, the prices of all merchandise were very great, nor any wages paid to 
Vituales and carriage dear.  any soilder, but very seldom and half pays. Lastly acerteine peculiar help of the divine power, continually asisteng our afayres, and beating down the plots of the enemies, as if it had been even favourable unto us, offendet 
Amarue'ous favour of god  and ofensive towards them. Of which divine providence, there have apeered so many, and so certain arguments, in all this war of Breda that albieth the endeavoures, and vigilance of the comanderes were very great, yet douptlesh they had effected nothing with all there cares, without the extraordinary help of god, there chief captain. and thief in amaner, are the things, which have diuulged abroad the fame of this war, through out the whole world. Breda albiet otherwise it be none of the greatest towns, yet in the compass of the 
The s●reuid of Breda.  walls, it douthe contain no more than four thousand paces, so that it can be walked round about almost in an hour's space. seaventine viladges appertaineth to the same with in his liberty. first in the year 1404. it fell unto the house of Nasawe, by the dourie of jane Polan, who being heir of Breda, married Engelberet count of Nasawe. The same town in the year 1567. Duke de Alva when william of Nasaw fleinge for his treason 
When it came to the house of Nasawe.  commited, got into the king of Spain's possession. The year after, it came again to the house of Nasawe in the year 1577. the count of Hollac compellenge it to be restored. Then again in the year 1581. being taken by 
The times the to wne was lost and recovered  the baron of hautepen by force and craft was subject to the King for nine years, until such time as aurager in the year 1690. by the fraud of sending in of aboate, (wherein lay hid secretly seventy soilderes, as in times passed the greeks did be the trojan horse) got in to his possession both the castle, and the city, be the command of Maurish of Nasawe Prince of orange.  
The town being almost in the furt hermoste parts 
The situatïon  of Brabant, reacheth to Holland by the river merka. it is environed wit he neighbour towns, and viladges not far distant: It lieth in a most pleasantpart of the land, fuche a one as very many captains and soilders said they had not seen the like in all europe; so that not without cause Grave Morish called Breda his paradise. the fildes on every side plentiful of pasture, and corn, all the meddos compassed with young plants, all along are divided, with many riveres, as it were in there natural bounds; The roes of tries being set in order, as it were by line or by square with there groin bows, do on every side shadow the pasadges of the ways, and of the houseses. Not far of there were planted four woudes, one of pine tries, and three of oaks. There passeth trough, it two riveres, Aa, and Merka, and withone of those two it is enclosed. The river Aa being enriched with the rivers 
Aa fills his ditches.  of the plain country, doth rum about the walls of the town, and is retained with asluce, lest the ditches about the walls be left dry, when the water of the river of merka (wherewith it is mingled within the town) are fallen a way with the ebinge of the sea, and withal it turns a mill of corn with aslowe course, into the town. The place where the riveres do mingel themselves together; by the influence of the river Merka, into Aa, hath retained 
The river merka paseth trow the town.  the corrupt name of them boath, Merkendal as it were to say, Merka in Aa. Merka being shut up from Aa. Betwext two trinches of brik walls in those very diches of the walls, slideth trough the town, devidethe be nature into many parts, and broader, be little and little, poureth itself into the wateres, and sea of Holland not far of from Dortdreght. It is daily stirred up be reason of two tides. And by interposed sluices, it overfloweth the fildes of the suburbs, as often as it pleaseth those of the town. From Aa, of old unto the town the name of Breda was given by the brabanders unto whom Breed signified broad, as if they would have expressed the channel of the river Aa, spreading itself obroad.  
In the midst of the town, there is built an high tower of 362. foot, from whence is afree prospect 
The height of the tower.  into the negboure towns, fit to give and receive singnes from afar of.  
The houses are thught to be in number athousand two hondered. The town in form, is triangle if the 
The number of houses in the town.  castle built by the walls should be comodiously takin. It being fortified with walls, bridges, magasens, 
The form of the town  and with a double ditch of water, more doth contain in compass, than a thousand passes. Furthermore, it is so adorned with galleries, porches, pillars, walks, and with so pleasant gardens, that hard it is to judge 
And of the walls.  weather it be more strong, or more beautiful. The walls of the town being planted with a continuated row of oaks built not of brikes, buth of turf, with three gates. made of brikes, do give an extrance upon three corners of the town, besides that by the which men go out of the castle. The curtines of the walls and of the castle, lying betwixt, doth altogether contain the number of fiftine bulwarks well provided with artileries and some corn mills with wind sails: There are two plat forms upon the walls for the canon to shut afar off. Under thighs at the foot of the walls next the ditches, there are two shelters but some whate lower, like to a third in anothher place above which there is no mont adjoining.  
Numero 1.  
BREDA AS IT WAS FORTIFIED BY THE PRINCE OF ORANGE BEFORE THE SIEGE LAID BEFORE IT.  


A Bulwarks  
B Ravelins  
C Cats  
D Half Moons in the walls  
E The Counterscarpe  
F Horn works  
G Half Moons with their Parapet  
H An Island on the other side of the ditch fortified with a parapet  
I The Ports of the Town and Castle    

Number I.  
justinus Nasauw broother of Grave Morish, was Governor of the town a man exellinge be the use of long experience 
justinus de Nasawe was Governor.  how could defend an assault be consel and asiege be frugality. john Artsenius drosart lord of worms was chief of the citizen's, a man no lesh constant then 
The drasats john of Artsens.  wise, for the moderateng of the dispensation of corn, and of tempering seditiones, and ministtinge counseils, in sudden and desperate cases. For the defence of the town, there was used to be appointed commonly, sixtine companies of foot, and to the castle, but one, of 
The number of the ordinari garisen.  horsemen five, in the whole sixtine hundred soilders. Butt having under stood of late the Rumour of the war, there were added eight companies of foot, and of citizen's that were able to bear arms, there were numbered eightin hondered, who me Artsenius ruled be authority. 
The number of citizen's ruled be Artsenius.  The corn provided for the soilders in winter was eight thousand two hondered measures of wheat, of oats, two thousand eight hondered, of cheese, three 
Measures of orne.  thousand six hondered weight, and as many pound of dried stokfish. The citizen's were commanded, man be man; to make provision of corn for twelfmonthes, before we couled come to besiege the town; so that there might be no necessity, to diminish the provision made for the soilders.  
For the winnenge of this town, when many thenges 
Considerations that moved the Marquis to befidge this own.  did encourage the Marquis Ambrosio Spinolas mind, many things also did withdraw itt. First the opportunity of the place did great lie induce him, both for the hindering of the frequent enuations of the enemy's horsemen into Brabant, which from thence they most comodiously desingned to whate part they pleased; As also for the hindereng of all navegasion betwixt the adjoining towns of Breda, And the bordering towns of the confines of Holland, and Zealand; Which is taught to have been done with no small difficulty, by reason of some towns that were taken near at hand, with encredible losh to the enemy. Further more many other comodities did allure him to attempt to take this town, rather than any other; to wit the Zoile of the suburbs, fit for making his trinches and fortificationes, either to make assault or to entrench. Having a river fit to pass over, and easili to be damned up, which being done, they who were besieged, might easily be kept from provision. They had woods ne'er at hand, the fildes were fertile for feeding. Lastly this was considered; that Breda being taken Bergen up Some, and other towns near at hand might be taken the more easily.  
On the contrary, the strength of the town that was 
Difficulties the Marquis formed in wineng the town.  so fortified both be endustrie and nature, did discourage him; But espesially the great difficulty of transportinge vituales a far of, when either the enemies was to be a voided with a great convoy, for all our cities were distant great days jurneyes on foot, or that they might want vituales nor was there behind them, any commodity of river, which could be sailed with ships to bear provision, unlesh Breda, being near at hand, as it were the theatre of the enemy's cities, could be bloked up. It was doupted whether that with a great number of Wagones', with long and cumbersome ways be reason of the winter, provision and vitualles might be brought unto us, which was manifest could neither be done without adoble guard of soilders, nor without great danger.  
This was the state of the low country's at this time, and 
State of the low country's.  of our affairs.  
Filip the fourth King of Spain, did forbid that any peace should be made with the confederated states, judgenge that truce, to be more hurtful than war. The Archduces, Isabella Clara Eugenia Infanta of Spain, wife of Albertus that excellent Prince deceased, thought it a disgraseful thing that the army wherewith the King flourisheth in the low country's, should be idle, and without Implomient the repulce of Bergenop some was not revenged, which being retained after the sidge, the enemies gloried. Germany being quiet from wars rested.  
The strength of the bastard Mansfelt yea and his very name, was almost extent. There was entire pease betwixt the Kings of France and Ingland, with the only enemies of the confedrated provinces, there was just cause of hatred. Herupon war was intended against them, not for desire of rule, but for desire of reestablissinge of religion, and recovering of there own.  
Spinola in the 21. of the month of july in the year athousande six hundredeth twenty four going from Bruxeles, the time of the year being proper for war, he corn being reepe, gathered an army. But he kept himself so reserved in this affair, that although he fulli resolved to besiege Breda, yet if he perceived it hard to be effected; perhaps with a greater army a sit fell out sent out by the enemy. he, out of every place wherein he lay, might be 
The resolution wixt with the Marquis went unto the filds.  able. As he judged fit for the present good) to undertake the same turning his army which way soever it should please him.  
The army was divided into three pats, making a sheow 
The army was the vided into three parts.  to go into diverse places, of set purpose to deceive the enemy.  
Spinola going out of his journey be montague, (where 
The Marquis visited our lod●● of montague.  that sacred tempel is of the mother Virgin, renowned troughout the world with so many miracles) the mysteries of the cristian religion being duly performed, and his devosions being made at our lady is altar for the army, led the foot men one way; and Lodovicus Velascus, Count of Zalazarius General of the horse, led the horsemen an other way. john bravius de laguna governor of the castle of Anwourpe with those that came from markland joined with thighs trupes not far from turnehoute, which Gonzalus de Cordova master de camp general had governed.  
The army being hire mustered by Spinola, and being 
In his reckoning much leshe people than he sought.  found lesh then it was supposed neverthelesh he had great hope of there valour for being all chosen men. There were in the whole fiftine regiments, consisteng of ahondereth four score, and eightine companies; of horse, thirty nine troops, briefly, eightine thousand in the whole.   

Number II.  
Num. 2.  
SPECIMEN OPERIS CORNUTI  


A. Frons operis cornuti.  
B. Fossa lata passus xxx.  
C. Receptaculum  
D. Murulus terreus  
E. Fossa altera  
F. Lorica declivis  
G. Vrbis mocnia  
H. Fossa moenium  
I Opus nowm, post adventum nostrum in Gilsam, externis munitionibus circumductum a Bredanis, interna, allo passuum CXL.  
K. Lorica seu brachia tria fronti et cornibus munitionum praestructa.  
L. Fossa  
M. Seps sudium in declivi Lorica circum fossam.    
And thighs were the first works, added to Grave 
The Marquis consulted with the matteres of the camp.  Maurish force, werby those of Breda began to doupt the siege.  
Spinola came to Gilsh, a villadge distant from Breda two hours' journey, with his army. Here he consulted with many masters de camp touching the besieging of this town; asked the opinion of every one, what they taught 
For many reasons they found great difficulties in the besidging of Breda.  of the siege of Breda each one dissuadeth the assault: they afirmed the town to be fortified with most strong wourkes: That the standing water, as often the town esmen listeth) overfloweth all the suburburbs: the town to be divided into many parts by the river. The garrison to be increased with twenty eight companies of foot. our armies for their small number was scarce correspondent to so great an assault, whereunto number was no lesh needful, than valour. And if the enemy should come behind to assault the army, before we had wone so strong atowne, we must of necessity, either go a way with disgrace, or so small an army be exposed to adoble peril, both before, and behind.  
The Marquis Spinola having heard the opinion of 
The Marquis advertised her Altesa of al.  the masteres de camp, knowing that some stood for the commanders and others for Inferior officeres, and that himself was freely to dispose what was principally to be done; and was to do all things according to direction, remained in the same place, and Informed Isabel the Archiduces whate the opinion of the masteres de camp were. She having understood of so great augmentasion of the garrison of Breda, made answer, that she would not tempt fortune with the danger of so many valiant men. that she should be much to blame if she esteemed not there 
To conform with the opinion of the masters de camps.  lives more dear, whom she knoweth to be so willing that they would refuse no danger at her command. notwithstanding, jest so excellent en army of soilders deprived of glory, should return home and do nothing, that Spinola should consider whate exploit was to be taken in hand, for there good, and commodity.  
Spinola having consulted with Hinri Count of Berges schefe Governor of gilders (who was with an other 
He consulted with Count Hindrique da Bergas.  army at the rhine) sent the sardgent may or Franciscus losanus with letters unto him, to ask of him whate he thought fit to be done, as also Carlos of Burgondi Baron of Waken Gran balue of gaunt captain of horse should treat with Paulus bernardus fontanus, master de camp of aregiment of Valones, who governed the province of Flanders, who might treat with him about 
Ademand touching the t●nt●ng of the Island of casant.  the business of casant, an Island not far of from sluse. They treated long with him concerning thighs things, and afterwards before the Infanta; and acording to each one's opinion, so baron de Waken, afirmed it to be easy, and Monseurde Fontaine to be ahard enterprise: fontanus doubted it: Waken promised good success, not with standing fontanus offered himself, to put the matter in execution, so that his command might be given him in writhing for his discharge. The Infanta being willing in hope of the event, commanded it to 
Fresent'y the matter was revoked.  be done, and appointed a day for the dispatch thereof: for thighs affairs fontanus went to Bruges. Three days after waken, was sent privily, but all things being no we in aredines the Insanta, fearing the voyadge should not succeed well commanded that they should give it over.  
In the mean while Spinola again consulted with such 
The Marquis turned again to consuite touchingh the besieging of Breda.  as were fit, and with people of good judgement, and with some captains calinge every one apart, he asked whate they thought of the besidginge of Breda, though lately they had refused to attempt the assault. Here all again (one only captain excepted) begon to allege the difficulties 
All denied excpt one an a presented there reasons.  of the sidge, and that the town could not be entrenched in along time. The circuit of the trinches, must of necessity be, four or five hours' jurney, for the many places of passage of the country suburbs, which partly are in accessible be reason of the marish grounds, partly overflow when the towns men do stop the river by asluce. Now so great aspace is to be filled with so many standing places and watch wards, that all most they must needs meet together, or the town otherwise hardly to be blocked up: but there wanted soilders to be divided, into so many parts. Further it hath been commanded to all the towns men in particular that a suficient quantity of corn should be provided for the enduring of the winter, and sustenance of the soilders. lastely it would be a matter of great time and labour, to weaken the town by famine, also abounding with all things. beside that if a great army should be made for raising of the siege, the enemy might come behind, and even without fight would take and hinder our pasadges, and we should be forced to retire, compelled thereto by greater hunger and necessity, for there condision and ours is so contrary, that they on every side by the benefit of rivers, and cities, near adjoining could easily a bound with all things, when all most no wind can blow, but might be prosperous for any carriage by reason of the situation of diveres cities and ports. For Sevenberk, gentenberk, heusden, towns of such as are confederates, and lie near. Unto Breda three or fove hours' distance, besides some other encorparated viladges not far of, all which are fed with the sea, or rivers, but we should stand in need of corn sooner than they of Breda, be reason of the long, and hard transporting of corn in aiorney by land, which way being but one, and very dangerous, should betide our army, in case the enemy did altogether blok it up. and beseedge it. An wourp, 
The King's towns were far of.  maklin, Liar (which are our nearest towns to Breda) distant ten or twelf ours journey from balduk, and herintal, (which are the nearest towns) and are nine hours' journey. one of the master de camps was of a contrary 
Only one was of contrary opinion to the rest touching the be caging of Breda.  opinion, who not esteeming all thighs reasons, did therefore think.  
Num. 3.  
Numeri significant horas itinerum.  
* Signum locorum hostilium.  
Hunger would opress the town, wanting extern helps; and the relief of vituales being hindered, would soon cause poverty and discord amongst the cttisens' and the soilders.   

Number III.  
There were sent to discover, Franciscus Medina, Matheus 
The opinion of those that went first to bring resolution of the situation.  otanus, and Don juan de Medises, who reported that the ground was fit, for making trinches, and fortificasiones; the water of the river good, the woods for fueil, and faxina, the fildes and barns fit for foradging; but they did earnestli afirme, that all those things were to be feared, which were alleged by the masters de camp against the siege. mean while, Losanus returned from the Rhine with letters of Count Hendrick; who (having understood whate all the masteres de camp thought of the difficulties of taking Breda) Proposed unto Spinola, 
Conde Hindrique propounds to beseigde reas and embrik.  whate he judged meet, to be done concerning the beseedging of Embrik and Rhes.  
That he was there present with his army, his companies somwhate increased, and preparing abridge over the Rehn with barks, with a fort Royal adjoined to the same; that for the better security of both it seemed unto him that embrik might by taken, which being gotten, 
Or grave ravestene and Genep.  Rheze would woluntarie yielded itself. But if it should not like him, that abridge should by made (for want of boathes) that then was Grave and the castles of Ravesten, and Genep, which also might by well beescheeged at once. and that his excellency should ordain that which he taught most fit, hauninge first consulted with Antonius' Baron of Grobendunck Governor of the town of Baldukaman expert in the knowledge of those places. Spinola having sent back Franciscus Medina master de camp of aspanishe regiment, with losanus, declared unto him that hitherto he approved of the count of bergas is advice, so far as it concerned Grave, Ravesten, and Genep, and demanding him whate help needeth for that enterpreece. 
The people necessary to beeleager grave.  The count of bergus, required, that five thousand foot, and athousand horse shouled be sent te assist him and with them and the rest of his own army were sufficient for that affair. But he advised Spinola to remain securely with his army in the villadg of Gilshe, an to hold the enemy in suspense lest they should draw fourth some Companies out of Breda or other garisones to disturb the seedge of Grave. Spinola, both glade of the consel, and releeinge upon the judgement of so prudent acomander, related the business to the Infanta, having sent medina, 
The Marquis advertised her Altesa.  and having also called fourth Baron Antonius Grobendunk (as count bergus desired) he demanded, whate he thought of the proposed siege of the castles of grave, ravesten 
And sought for the opinion of Antonius Baron of Grobendonk.  and Genep? He plainly affirmed, that so many Interprises were not so easy as it was supposed; but yet that it both might and ought to be hoped for, by the Count of Bergas relation, a man most skilful in war, and very conversant in those places. Many days being spent in this doubt, the army in the villadge of Gilse, began to lose courage, the river which is a water ne'er to the camp, was 
But little store of water in Gilsen.  two miles of, the wells, which were few, did either wax dry with heat or were exhausted by over much Use, or the water being drawn fourth was so foul, that it would not, but in along space of time be clear and settled. 
And the thirst of the soilders was intolerable.  Hince the empapatience of thirst in the extreme heat of the year, compelled many to drink unwholesome water, or to draw it out of ditches, or out of the traces in the ground cut by the cart while, which caused disseases. Spinola informed of this discomodity, jest he should slighly give credit to this report, to the end that all things might be the more certain unto him, enquireth of some of the masters de camp that were called, whether the soilders were in so great want of water, as he was informed. They fearing either to sheow the fault of the camp, (because they would 
The Marque informed of the truth.  please his ears) or measuring other men's poverty, by there plenty, afirmed that their soilders had water enough. The enformer hereof being sent for by Marquis Spinola, the Captains being present, whilst he proceeds to make good whate he said, john Cont of Nasaw Colonel of two german regiments, arrived in good time, who having heard of the misery of his own soilders, uphelde the informer in whate he said. Andone of those who had denied it, privily whispered in the informer's ears, saying that he was beholding to him for that relation, which he himself was afraid to make.  
Spinola having found out the truth of the matter, 
Wells were digged for scarciti of water.  commanded Wells' to be digged every where, and so aremedy was found against this evil. forty thousand loaves of bread, were consumed by that bad air in the camp of Giles.  
Withal there were at that time the tents of two 
Other disgrace happened in the quarter.  Italian companies burnt, with a sudin fire: by means of all which discommodities, no wages being paid before that day, and the price of vituales being great, many by flight for sooke the camp.  
Which example, Spinola fearing jest it should 
Soilders run a way.  be imitated of more, sought aremedy by severity, and caused four of the fugitives that had fled; to draw lots which of those four should suffer death.  
In the mean while, the free voices of many men were heard in the army; The time of action, was spent in consultation; the spreading and publication whereof, lost 
The enemy murmured of the Marquis. jy and moked the Kinef Spain le bohae spanel.  both the soilder and his reputation.  
Many things were done most malepertlie by the enemy, against the King of Spain, and Marquis Spinola, with shame and ignominy amonghst the hollanders, there were sports sheowed, by certain jesters, in manner of merry interludes, which they called the spanish figth. There was in like manner aridiculus picture of the Kings spread abroad among the common people, seeking Breda with alitle lantern; Marquis Spinola standing by, with both his hands scratching his head, having underwriten a very spiteful and tantinge verse. Grave Maurish seeming to be secure in all things, and dying Idly at Hage, as it were by comptempt; is reported to have said merrily, that it had been better for Spinola to have gone to Geel (where mad men are delivered from there madness) then to Gilsh. But thighs things being slighted over, were forgotten, neither did they move them to any sign of anger.  
Spinola, aproving the counsel of the Infanta, touching the besechinge of Grave, having sent jon of Medici's with command willeth Hinri the count of Bergus, to go with his army which he had at Rhine, unto Grave, promishinge to send him the day appointed the 
Conde john de Nasaw sent to socor Count de ber gas, brenging along with him Cowad de Aubermont aman skilful in this quarters.  troops which he required. where was sent presently, john Count of Nasaw. (who refused the government of an army, lately offered unto him by the common wealth of Venishe) with five thousand foot and four companies of horse: and three canons with eightine boats, and other warlike engines. He comandes johanes Conradus abermont Captain of horse of Balduke 
Don lie sento de 〈…〉 followeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Count 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 took in mondeth●rk 〈…〉 and the rwne of Genep.  to acompanie him, by reason of his skilfulness of the places. The next day he sends privily hiacentus Velascus Marquis of Belueder, with other ten companies of horse, to the number of athousand, with charge, that he should posess far and near all the cattle about grave, and so defend the places at his pleasure, wherein 
His soilders followed with great modesty and obedience.  after wards the tents were to be placed by the Count of Bergues. The Count of Bergues, going to Grave, having soon asaulted the castle of mondelberge, the town and castle of cleaves, and the town of Genep as he was in his journey, took it by force, and by there rinderinge placed garisones over itt▪ But the authority of Count Hindrik admonishing the soilders, did so profit those of the town, and so terrify the soilders from making piladge, that neither was any man's name brought in question, who might be found to have taken away any thing by theft out of the houses, though well adorned, out of whose windows and houses, he commanded the castle to be beaten till they yielded. Which thing, when the Burgermaster of cleaves informed Grave Morish de Nasaw. did admire, boath at so great civility of the soilders, and at so great virtue of the conductor, no lesh then at the integrity of another scaurus, as also the not touching the fruits of the trees which many was wondered at. He fortified on the other side of the Mosa the dorp called mouck fit for provision of vituales, and in the same place he pitched his tents. From thence, he goes to discover Batimburg, and Ravestene, 
He pitched his quarter at mouk Marquis of belueder took from the country of Grave great store of cattle  and to deceive the enemies, he goes with fiftine troops of horse, and three hondered shot.  
The Marquis of Beluedere, having gotten agreate booty of cattle, driveng away all whatesoever he found from Grave to Ravestene, and sending them to Balduke, caused much terror aborad. Hinrie of Bergues having diligently viewed Batenbergue and Ravestene, sent for john of Nasaw, and Conradus Aubermont to come unto him. He sends him Conradus with command, to declare unto the Marquis Spinola, that Ravesten could not be so Easily won. as it was supposed, but if he would let Ravesten alone, 
Conde Hindrik sends again to the Marquis giving his opinion of the difficulties in winning of rausten  he would attempt to get grave. (if Spinola so commanded him) and was in good hope to attain if. So he would send unto him some great forces. He comaundes john of Nasaw, to pitch his tents on the other side of the maze, not far from Grave, and that he himself would abide at mouck, till Spinola had declared whate his pleasure was: 
Grave john pitches his camp on the other side of the maze.  and singnified Unto him that he would in the mean time, make away over the maze with abridge, for passing the army, and joining it together if need required. 
And count Bergues armed abrige outr the river.   
At that time, there fell so horrible atempeste in one night, with rain, wind, lightening and thunder, raging together along time, as if the elements were confounded, and the very heaven itself would fall to the ground. 
A wonder full tempest.  Very obscure darkness, acontinual flash of lightning fire, acontinual noise of thunderes, rain fauleng, not by drops, but like unto ariver, and violent whirl winds. Lastly all things were full of terror, as if it had been the last day. That night, Hinrie Fredrik of Nasaw, had designed 
Who the enemy is forces una auari taught to fall on the Excel, of Gravedendrike.  with his whole army to assault the tents of Hinrie of Bergues not yet fortified, had not the tempest aforesaid diverted it. Three days after, the soilders of Grave being commanded to go fourth, they returned again to overthrow the camp of count bergues with greater forces; but when neither the people of Grave were come in due time, and Conde Hindrique was fortified and better prepared, all the controversy 
Grave john de Nasaw pit●ched his camp in acomodions place.  was ended with a little squirmisch. john of Nasaw, as it was prescribed, pitched his tents not far from Grave, haveng possesed so good aplace, that they were enclosed with the river of the right side, before and on the left, with abrook flowing from the river. Not with standing he made atrence before, and on either side, in that distance, against the passage of the enemies. for the fore front of the tents, the woods were fit for ambuscadoes, next, the hills ariseng upon the town with agentel ascent, which being possessed be day time by acompanie of horsemen, and be night retired for fear of sudden opression of the enemy. Hence there was. daily occasion given of small, Skirmishes of horsemen, when in the morning, by reason of the trinches that, were set upon by the enemy in the night our soilders fought to beat them back; Stakenbrook Governor of the town of Grave to terrify ours, 
The stratagesmes of the governor of grave was in vain.  having made anoice with his army approaching by night, as though he were ready to breack in to the camp, comaundad them to sound aretreate, next day after, being asked of Nasaw in discourse, wherefore he had disturbed his, and his soilders' sleep, with, such anoice of en signs? 
Count of Nasaw answered  made answer, that he wondered more, why he came to take those cities by force of arms, the inheritance whereof he was one day by right to take possession of. To whom contrary wise Nasaw answered, that he let pass that In heritance for the present (Because it was incertain) but with all à spired after his own government of grave. Which the governor hearing, said. Ireturne home; And having said this departed, and presently began to shut into the tents of Nassaw, as to exact punishment for his ambition.  
After this, Aubermontius went from Hinrie of Bergues 
The Marquis taught strange of the difficulties of Grave Hiudrik touching ravesten.  to Gils; whose answer being heard, Spinola wondered why bergus by his consel objected so many difficulties, (whereof he professed himself to by the chief man.) But yet because he revoked that which was proposed by him, touching ravestin, for fear of the event, and desired to go to Grave (if he should be commanded (he should do the same of his own head and thereupon go on spidilie. With thighs comaundès he sent back again Franciscus Medina with Auber montius to Hinrie of Berguis. In the mean while he him self doth fortify Giles with eight redutes, 
The quarter of Gils was fortified with twelf reduties.  built about on overie side, lest the enemy by that way, should suddenly break forth unto the camp.  
They of Breda perceiving this, supposing the purpose 
This of Breda being deceived in there presumption turned to bring their movables.  of beseedging the town, was altered by us, commanded all the househould stuff. which they had transported into the towns adjoining for fear of siege, as being now out of fear of war, to by recaried by boats. Neither did they provide for vituales for aine longer time, but supposing they should have had provision enough, of that which they had got for winter, permitted those hondered oxen which were lately carried into the town, to be brought back again, and also two ships loaden with cheese refusing for to buy it. furthermor all the boors and their wives and children, who had before flyen into the town, and whom as mice and devoorers of corn, they commanded to go fourth to get victuales (if any sidge had happened) they received again those that were retired from the fildes 
They received many of no service which was ocation to shorten there victuals.  which our soilders spoiled, with no little loshe of victuales, as men given wholly to there belli.  
Furthermore it happened by that pitching of tents by Marquis Spinola, that neither Grave morish could understand whate we seriousely intended, nor yet whate we feigned: to wit, whether we were fully resolved, to set upon Grave, or Breda, or upon both together, or on any other city: and therefore was diverse ways so troubled about the matter (not daring either to draw any garrison fourth of any one city to socor another; neyter there were sufficient forces to socor both.) He also feared not to be able to furnish them in due time of such provitions 
He went into his brooth. camp.  befitteng. At length departing fourth of Hage, his garden of recreation, unto Hinrie Fredrick broother of Nasaw, unto the camps of nemegam, he commanded 
He fortified wwinc●●.  artillery, and many engines and furniture of war, to by carried into Bomble, and the places adjoining to Balduke, 
Benefit found in the delaying.  to be fortified. And although the administrasion of war seemed to many, that it would by in vain to delay it, aine longer, notwithstanding we optained by that delay, that there remained no time fit for the enemy; when the fall of the leaf approached, the best time of remoovenge to whatsoever place, and ours byenge now ready for whate occasion soever  
The report of the preparation (wherewith we seemed to be willing to set upon grave) being diuulged among 
Duk de Bullon came out of breda to aside the defence, grave.  the people, Duck de bullon Frenceman, who taught that the war which he expected at Breda, was transported to Grave, going thither to try his fortune, and at his returning again to Breda, he found all the circuits of the town shut up by ours. Hinrie of Bergues, knowing 
The last in formasiones taken b●●●unt Hindrik he found it far contrari to the first.  the situation and condition of Grave, having also understood the ópinion of the Inhabitant did contrary wise perceive all things, and releying upon some men's judgments, persuaded Spinola. He perceived well that hardly in three months' space the matter could by executed. And in the mean while by reason of the valleys which were about the town, wherein the tents were to be pitched, that he should be, assuredly removed by the winter wateres. The countrymen, and others that kneow the nature of the place afirmed, that the spring being paste, it was to be aslaulted, hoping that at the end of summer it would be gotten: for after the fall of the leaf, all the places were overflown, and became inaccessibile. 
He recevied the Marquis to order.  About that time there fitly arrived Don Francisco de Medina, and monse de Aubermont, sent by Spinola, who brought command to count Bergues for the besieging of Grave, as he had been charged. Spinola much wondered at the dispaired hope of winenge Ravesten when he taught himself to be sure of tacking itt. notwithstanding if that could not be brought to pass, he commanded him to go out of hand to Grave. Count Bergues being out of hope of 
He affirmed to those that brought the order, that not hang could be executed touching grave.  subduenge Grave, told both them that were sent unto him, that he was out of hope at that time of getinge of it: but hoped that he should in a short space get the casted of Genep, if Spinola permitted, which being won, he might easily at an other time get Grave. They being amazed, demanded whate at last would be the conclusion? 
They answered count Hendrick.  That he could not understand, who Grave so little distant shoule be now made so strong that in his opinion it could not be taken, in which there was neither garrison, nor provision, nor could be a better season? he prayed him in Spinola, is name not to lose courage, and hope of the victory of own town, who with all had proposed the wineng of so many other. Herunto the count replied many ways, that three whole wikes were almost now passed; in which the whole affair ought to have been dispatched in the bigineng. In the mean while the enemy fortified his Army with frence and Inglish at nemegam, nor was he far off. if Spinola would send part of his army that he was pleased to approach nearer, he would try his fortune. Touching this there were many discourses, where fore Don Francisco Aubermont who was sent taught it better, not to answer again butt by letteres, they carry letters 
He gave then letters to the Marque.  from him to Spinola, whereof this was the contents. That it was manifest with whate fidelity and care he had vndergon the affairs that were committed unto him, seeing for that only respect he had brought under his subjection the castle of mondelberge, the castle and town of cleaves, as also Genep, by which means he could the better entertain his army. It is true he confeseth to be the auctor of that enterprise, but under Spinola is corecsion, whom he perceived to be diversely troubled, and to doubt of Breda. That he believed, those things which he proposed could be effected, but by the faulse raporte of two men, to whom he had overmuche trusted at the first, more than himself had proved by experience it is not an unusual matter, for things that were heard to be related of the behoulders as things that were seen, often times great and prudent captains were often times so deceived.  
He further afirmed that the same siege about that time, could in no wise be set, for, that he perceiveth that many sudden things, would happen otherwise, than he imagined, yet that he would acomplish whate was commanded, and refuse no danger, so that Spinola would command the same by his letters, and with the same, excuse him to the King, if the affair should fall out infortunatlie; as he himself had now presaged.  
Spinola havenge received thighs letters, without all hope 
Wait he resolved touching the beele●geringe of Breda.  of getting Grave setting his mind wholly upon the siege of Breda, having called back Count Nasaw, and the Marquis of Belueder, with their armies, and with troops of other regiments, whereof part was at Breda. He commanded 
Count Hinrik had chardge to be vigilant and loo kwelto the borderes of gi●d●rres.  Hinrie of bergus not to tempt the castle of Genep, and to take heed of the enemy near at hand (and to provide for the adjoining towns of gilders, and not to remove, unlesh the enemy did remove, and they remoovinge to pursue them step by step. He sent from his camp Francis of Medina, unto the Infanta, who should again propose unto her, the former purpose of beseginge Breda. she mindful of the former difficulties, which had before been alleged to her, doubtful whate she was to do, yet gives her consent, confidinge in the valour and happiness of Spinola.  
Bergues obeinge the orderes of Spinola, varilie with drew himself from the enemy being ne'er at hand, that Maurish having displayed his colours with an army of twenty thousand; adventured to assault his army which were four thousand foot and athousand eight hondered horse 
Grave john marched with his troops vigilant and well ordered.  (Count john of Nasawe least that his troops should be taken and overthrown by his enemy's army, which then did compass him round about, divided his army into three squadrons as it were to give battle.  
An whole month was now spent in doutinge, and delaienge, so many melsengeres being sent to and fro, to no purpose.  
Many publicly detractinge Spinola, did not stik to say 
Some with little respect murmured of the Marquis.  that this warlike enterprise, was verie●l handled of him: and that the consultes were fit to be treated in court, and the executiones in the field. Some otheres amongst there cups did recount Spinolas, ignominious repulsh from Bergenopsome. (And inderision did paint fourth Spinola, pulling down Maurish from the table. others did call in doubt the loyalty of counde Hinrie of bergues.  
Lastly some said, that they should be forced to retire, having now omitted to many good opportunities, by there daily linger. Spinola begon no trence nor batteri nor commanded any proclamation to be made, which at the pitchinge of a camp are wont to by. thinking he might say to himself as cecar did in passing the river of rubicon, that yet we may rerurne again, and so confuted all the speeches of his calomniators by his valiant acts, And lest that the fidelity of Count Hinrie of bergues, or his renoome, should any way be impaired, he taught to remit to her Altesa the declaration of the letters, of which he commanded acopie to be drawn in presence of two witnesses, and taught it expedient that acopie of them shuolde be published judging that by no truer testimony, then that of the Count of bergas own writing. both of them could be purged he commanded muster to be paste of 
Muster was commanded to be pai● of the army.  the army, before any wages were paid, (which style, he kept almost during all the time of the siege) lest it should be any gain to others, and discomodious to his majesty, and a faulss number be presented, having sent count of henin master de camp of Valones to the Infanta, he causeth neow 
Neowe leives were raist referred to the charge of cond● hinn●.  troops to by gathered to the number of six thousand four hundred Valons, wepones to be bought, and the rest of warlike furniture to be in areadines, and the old soilders to be taken out of the garrisons, appointing neowe soilders to be sent in there places.  
After wards all hope of returning home being taken away, resolving upon no other course, he concludes to go to Breda.  
The 28. of August he sends a fore Francisco de Medina, with ten companies of horse, and to the number of four thousand footmen (apointing the Spanards in the vanegard, 
Den Francisco de Medina occupied the dorp of Genip.  and to march on till the dorp of Genekin, the nearest village to Breda, giumge him his instructions for that night. to which were adjoined the Irish regiment of Earl of tiron.  
Paulus Balionius master de camp of an Italian regiment at that time taketh unto his possession derheid (a village lienge beyond the town against Genep) on the other 
Paulo Ballen pitched his tents in der side.  side furnished both with his own, and a scots regiment of the count of arguiel in the vane garde with fourtine companies, and of diverse nasiones were gathered agoode troup of horse acompanied with certain pices of Artillery. 
Who the town of Breda was beleagered of 〈◊〉.  Thus two sides of the town very neceslarie for the siege were both taken in one night. the people of Breda, and the inhabitant saw us there, before they had any notice of us. which when they understood (our journey being finished be break of day) they of Breda with seven 
Squirmishes begon.  canons, shot all day long, and defended the houses belonging to the suburbs, and next adjoining Breda with supplies they sent out; the countrymen fled a way, the soilders made small skirmishes, with little loss on either side; unlesh those of Breda meant to make themselves to be laughed at. who shot so right that they killed amiller of their own near the town, and compelled the captain of there own korsmen there watching, to forsake, his standing place, and to approach nearer the town, for fear of danger.   

Number IU.  


A. Turris alta 362. pedes.  
B. Arx Nassaviorum  
C. Hortus Arcis amaeniss●inus  
D. Merka flumen.  
E. ●da flaucius.  
F. Catarrhactae fluminis Merkae  
G. Ostia flwij Aa et mola aquaria.  
H. Tres portoe Vrbis et una Artis.  
I. Colles duo altiores in moembus.  
K. Tria receptacula in forsis moenium.  
L. Munimenta XV. Boluers.  
M. Seps spinea ad pedem moenus  
N. Moles XIV. Revelins.  
O. Lorica circumfossas. Contrescerpe  
P. Maiora opera cornuta V.  
Q. Receptacula praestructa operibus cornutis.  
R. Brachia et loricae ante cornuta.  
S. Quatuor munitiones cornutoe minores.  
T. Sudes pinnis praesixae.  
V. Insula suburbana.  
X. Collis in quo Mola Caesarea.    
Num. 4.  
BREDA NOVIS OPERIBUS POST SPINOLAE ADVENTUM MUNITA  
The boatmen getting upon the bank on the other side, fled a way before our men could take them: the booty being left to the soilders and the sayleres.  
That day the people of Breda, defended by force and arms, the houses of the suburbs of the villadge of Genik but in the night time they were set on fire, to the number of thiertie, being all forsaken and quite spoiled. The next day Artsenius Captain of the town's men guarded with eight companies of burghers, cut down the wood of Grave Morish: (called Bel kromboske) which was under the walls, 
The wood was cut.  lest ours lying hid in the woold, should watch opportunity at unawares, to take the forts near the castle. That wood was set to open Sale:  
The days en suing, certain little skrimishes were made, the people of Breda breaking forth on every side, and 
Certain houses were burnt.  they endeavoured to burn certain barns and villadges, belonging to the suburbs. All the houses of the townsmen 
The corn was visited.  were visited by public authority, and the quantity of corn was registered, and related to Grave Morish, that he might understand it. Amill which stood in the way to hage, being pulled apices, called cecars mill, he caused to 
Other fortificattons were adjoined.  be brought back into the city, and the hill whereon the mill stood, to be fortified, in like manner four little horned forts, for the defence of the four bulwarks, which did uphould the walls of the town. Breda fortified with so many sundry works, we have thought good to represent in this stamp.  
After this, many houses of the people of hag, were 
The houses next adjoining to the tonwne were burned.  burnt by those of Breda. two viladges Genik and haide lying in the way, were fortified by our soilders. In feowe days after Spinola commands Teterin and Hag (villadges one over against another, on both sides of the town) to be fortifed. Teterin fell into Baron de 
The Marquis took possession of Teterns and Hage. One of the quarters was committed to the charge of Baron de Ballan●on x the other to count Isenberge. The form and greatness of the fortifications.  Balonson master de camp of the Burgonnons- Hage fell unto conde Isimburk cornel of the germane; every one had his own companies committed to him, with troops of other nasions. and the horsemen necessary for them. after this manner were the first devisions made of each quarter, except Genik, were entrenched with awall of earth and aditch. The wall was eight foot high, a leaven foot broad, with abank of three foot for the commodietie of the small shot. having digged on the outside aditch of seven foot deep, the bottom whereof was contracted into four foot broad and the upermoste part into ten foot. The villadge of der heyde, that so it might extend the further, was divided with double fortificationes, under the charge of ballon; The hill called the conniburrowes; he himself kept for adefence. Not far from that hill he built abridge 
Abridg was made upon the river of marka.  upon merka planted with boats, and planks to support the pasadge. the boats were fastened with anchors, both before and behind least they should be moved by the waves.  
Num. 5.  
Prima Spinolae ad Bredam Castrametatio, binis primum partibus, deinde quaternis instituta.  
Prima Bredae circumuallatio circulo duplici levioris operae facta.   

Number V.  
At last the besedging of the town, began to be laid on four sides, with a little trench of earth, conducted along from villadge to villadge, from one redute to another, with other great forts set between them, distant four hundredeth or six hundredeth paces, near and further, as the nature of the situation and way required, which locked up, all there eruptions were let and hindered, and all our peopel went freely without danger from one quarter to another. From Genik towards hage, came Marques campolatarius, towards teteringen john count of Nasaw advanced his works. Spinolas quarter extended with atrence of seven thousand paces; but broken in the middle, because 
The disposition and distance of catch quartier.  the chief standing place; of the horsemen were at there backs. next adjoining towards the town were four regiments of spanardes, of Don Francisco de Medina of Don john claro de Gusman, done juan ninno de tovara and of diego luis de olivero, and the Irish regiment of the Earl of tiron. Balloncon is quarter reached eight thousand five hundred paces. Balincons were encompassed, partly with atrence of three thousand two hondered paces and 
The circuit of the first fortifications.  part in the black dike (as they call it) was also two thousend four hondered paces long. Isimburques were enclosed with a continuated trence, of nine thousand five hondered paces. So that the outmoste circle of this first trince, was thirty thousand six hondered paces. The inward trince next the town was divided almost into two hondered paces; which was the distance from one quarter to another, and contained in compass almost five hours' journey either trence was but five foot high, in the ditch seven 
The height.  foot broad, Deep in the ditch fix foot, the parapet was four foot high, and the inward banquet divided into three steps for the shot to ascend, and decend, for there better commodity to fight and in each banquet of the said three one foot and half broad. to both trinches seventy redutes and forts were built or errected, in which the soilders were set in siege like order, company. be company 
The reason why so disposed.  and fort by fort. in there due distance.  
Spinola by little and little, compassed the town round about with four camps on the other side. so that these lesser being altogether in compassed with greater; stood in steed of little castles and forts. which thing he principally ordained, that both he might perfect so great a work with the labour of a feow soilders, and that our defences might be defencive against great sallies and assaults out of the town; which had they been divided into many parts; without doubt being exposed to the injury and peril of the enemy; they had finished the works nothing the sooner. which manner of intrincheng; although. it gave respite to the adjoining boors to bring corn and cattle in to the town wherewith being besieged, they might afterwards in dure hunger so much the longer, yet were we of necessity so to do, for the causes which we spoke of, the prudent consel of the master de camp Don juan de medicis touching thighs affairs was of no small emportance to the Marquis. The besieged perceiumg this, set on fire the rest of the buildings belonging to the suburbs on every side, lest they should be left fit for us for the wourking of treacheries; or be a let unto them for there shooting it being generally observed, that there were burnt to the number of four hondered and forty houses.  
The 16. of Sept. 1624. justinus de Nasaw Governor of Breda, 
justinus de Nasa● Governor of Breda command d● great salli to tempt the quarter of Isimburque. The great sa●li made by the enemy out of Breda.  with the advice and consult of certain of his chief leaders, and other Captains resolved to make a salli out of the town of Breda (which was the greatest he made during the siege consisting of all choice men, and of great hopes and expectation, all which he appointed under the command and conduct of the Captain of the guard of Grave Morish, a man of great valour and presumption.  
This Captain, at the very break of day, issued fourth of Breda, with intent to hinder the begineng of the fortifications 
Captain Barri had charge of the watch.  of the quarter of the Earl of Isimburque, whereof Captain Barri irishmen one of the Earl of tirones regiment. by his turn had charge of the watch, close to the enemy in open field.  
The dutch Captain, issuing out so early in the morning, thought verily to defeat the Irish by setting on 
The enemy was discovered by a sintinel of Captain Barri.  them as they were asleep, at unawares, and unprovided: but it was the will of God, before he came to the place, of his pretended execution, the faithful and vigilant Captain Barri, discovered there coming by a sintinel, which he had prudently placed on a high three, to look about on every side, who espeing them coming, presently called to his Captain, advertising him that the field was full of the enemy, and began to frame asquadron of there pikes. Captain Barri with great expedition, prepared himself, and 
Captain Barri prepared himself for the fight with great expedition.  dreow on towards the enemy, beginning to order, and to divide his shot into troops to inconter them, giving his officers and soilders the instructiones necessary, for the fight, animating them, and presenting first of all his own person, whereupon they all resolved with great valour and 
The valour and resolution of the soilders.  mangnanimitie, either there to die, or to get the victory.  
Then began that bloody skirmish on both sides, which 
The bloody skirmish betwixt the enemy and the Irish.  lasted for the space of three hours, known and notorious to the whole army, in which rare act and brave encounter, the Irish manifested the valour expected of them slaying the Captain of the guard of Grave Morish, with an engineer, together with many other brave gallants and valiant soilders, 
In the which the Captain of Grave Marish is guard with main others were slain  cleaving a sunder and cutting off their pikes, with his brave, experimented and courageous shot; so that at length the furious enemy was constrained to retire, with great grief and no redress, other then ruefully beholding the field full of dutch, french, and Germane blood. And which is 
The enemy was forced to retire.  particularly to be noted, and to be wholly ascribed to the providence and goodness of almighty God, that whereas those who, issued out of the city were of so great number as 
The victory wone be the providence of the almighty.  asoresaied, and Captain Barri with his companies, and the shot of Captain dalahoid, and Captain morri, his countrymen and appointed comarads, to join and assist with their forces in all occasiones against the enemy, being in all not above three hundred, not as much as one man were killed, nor but two or three but slightly hurt: Although during those two or three hours' space the bullets flew about 
The skirmish dedan dacre for the space if three hours.  their ears, as thick as hail, and in open filled without any shelter or defence.  
Captain delahoid and Captain morri seeing that Captain Barri began the skirmish a distance of, towards the 
Captain de lahoid and Captain morrisp dilie framed asquadrous of their pikes.  enemy, wheat his appointed place happened to be that day, on the watch with his company, presently delahoid, and morri with greare speed, framed a squadron of the pikes of the said three companies, with a resolute, and magnanimous mind to receive Captain Barri and his shot, 
To receive Captain Barri if need did require. The resolution of Captain de la hoid and morri together with their soilders.  under the shelter of their pikes, if need did require, and fall together with their full force on the enemy, being prepared, and ready for that purpose, with final resolution to live and dye en defence of that place, whereunto their soilders condescended with are solute mind and great courage.  
The valerouse, and prudent Earl of Isimburque upon 
Count Isimburque 〈…〉 Infantry into iwosquad●ons with great expedition With intents to give bbattell.  the first advice of Captain Barri, touching the quantity and presumption of the enemy, drew on unto the field, and with great expedition bravely ordered, and divided his almain, and vallon Infantry, into two squadrons, in form of broad front with amostualerous determintion to encounter and give battle to the enemy if need did require. And prudent lie preventing that if by chance the Irish should happen to be dispersed, to receive them in the midst of his two squadrones, and order them aneow and fall with the full force of all on the presumed enemy.  
This noble prudent and mangnanimouse Prince of Isimburque with aforecast and c●siderate resolution commanded 
Cattaine preston and 〈…〉 towards the enemy.  Capt. preston and Capt. gerat which were of two Irish companies to fall on towards the enemy to defend a passage where he spied soccor coming from the enemy, to those that were recomended to the charge of the Capt. of the guard of the Prince of Orange and Capt. preston spienge them 
Cattaine preston spi●ng the enemy with great courage and expedition did in cont●r them.  approaching near, with great expedition ordered his men, and fell on the enemy, and begon to skirmish, and like abrave conductor, divided his shot giumg them the necessary instructiones to fight, animating them during the skirmish which did continue almost three hours that at length by 
And 〈…〉.  his brave conduction, valour and resolute determination of his soilders the enemy of force were constrained to retire, with the loss of many of theirs, not able to prevent any kind of redress. which to justinus de Nasaw then Governor of Breda was no small grief so that this greatest sally that came 
The enemy put to 〈◊〉 which 〈…〉 de Nasaw was 〈…〉  out of Breda sense the first day till the last were defeated by only the valour and brave condution of the five Irish companies before spoken of, next under gods divine assistance, which the whole leaguer admiring. woundered much of the victory considering the great multitude of the enemy 
The extraordinary care and vigile●ce of the two sargent 〈…〉 Isimburque● and of d●le de burna●●d.  against so feow of ours.  
The prudent care and great vigilance of the serrgeant mayor Gommar de furdin of the regiment of counde Isimburque, as also the Sergeant Mayor of the Duke de Burnavill truly deserved praise and renoome for their continual and extraordinary care and vigilance, day and night, which was of notable emportance for many respects, which here is needles to relate, but only to remember the obligationes his majesty oweth them for their prudence, fidelity, great extraordinary care, and vigilance, and prudent carriage, day and night with great punctuality.  
Excellent, most renoomed, and victorious Prince, many 
The constant z●le valour and fidelity of the Irish to his Catholic Majesty.  are the reasons which constrained me to relate and make known in general the incorrupted and constant Zele, approved valour, and undeniable fidelity of the Irish nation to his Catholic Majesty. Whereof their many forepast rare acts made notorious their love, and approved loyalty in all occasiones; which to his majesty, together 
Which to the Marquis and others his Majesty's minicters is manifestly known.  with your excellency and others his faithful ministers, is daily remembered. For which I do not doubt, but their fidelity and faithful service is, and shall ever be correspondent to the expectations of your excellency, whereof there have been many trials, and specially now of late in the leaguer 
And specially at Breda.  of Breda; that whereas many of all nationes there assisting, did daily run away, ey, and many to the enemy, but none of this nation, which to many is well known. And be daily experience we found that as many of them as did serve on our contrary side, daily came to our camp, which 
An evident proof of the affection and fidelity of the Irish to his Catholic Majesty.  not only in this, but in all other semblable occasiones they made notorious their inclined affection to his Catholic Majesty, in testimony whereof your excellency can bear witness.  
Also in another skirmis which the said Captain Barri 
Another skirmish betwext Captain Barri and the enemy.  had with the enemy, the first of januarij 1625. Issuing out of the cittis of Breda, to discover the intrie of his quarter, he fell upon them, and with so resolute and undaunted courage, that first he broke them, and next forced them to retire following them even to the very ditches of the town till 
The enemy constrained to retire and some of them taken prisoners.  they cast themselves into the water to save their lives where they were rescued by the artillery of Breda; Barri not withstanding bringing back with 'em certain prisoners, as a true testimony of his victory.  
After this by certain order sent by the Marquis Spinola 
Captain Barri sent with the engineer kocke to break the dam.  to Count Isenbourge, the first of February 1625. this Cap. Barri, with a hundred of the choicest soldiers under his charge, was commanded to go with the expert engenier Cook, to break up a certain dam of the enemy, wherewith they pretended to succour the city of Breda, and to drown all that quarter of the army, but gods divine grace assisting ours, the dam by the force of the high tide, and blustering wind, breaks of its own accord, just as Barri came with his company, to the place to execute his purpose, so that with much ado, they escaped the danger of that furious flood, by their swift running Cook the ingenier being in great danger of drowning, whose life was saved by the assistance of the pikes; that dam serving the enemy to no purpose, but to put them to innumerable and extraordinary charges.  
And whereas during the whole siege, there were an incredible number of forts; bulwarks and redouts, errected by the most prudent Marquis for the defence of the army, against the enimi, and yet amongst them all, but one fort royal alone, placed within a canons shot of the cittis, this fort of so great importance with all the artillery, and a munision belonging there to, was committed only to the faithful keeping and care of Cap. Barri, who until that time had for four monnethes together, served before Breda in the openfield, even until the month of march without any kind of defence of fort, evident arguments both of his valover and fidelity, as also of the honour don him and great confidence reposed in him.  
All which, both the Marquis himself, and the Count of Isenbourg, have testified, and confirmed under their public hands and seals, to his eternal praise.  
And were not that the great sally, which issued out of Breda the 16. of September into count Isinburques quarter were not beaten back by the Irish, it would be hard for our wourkes to go forward if such sallies should beset us on every side, and so continue. which iruptiones if they had made continually. out of sundry parts ours being weakened in the biginning, for their feones, and burden of their labour, and not being beaten back as they were, it had been apainefull thing, at the self same time both to fortify and defend themselves. But trough that respite which they gave us trough the great losh they received, truly if thighs sallies should continue any time, it were hard for ours to fortify themselves. So that after this at leisure, we made up both the trinches of all the siege, and were by little and little finished. Redutes and forts were built in the form whereof we represent in the precedent page.   

Number VI.  
Num. 6.  
Murus prioris circumuallationis terreus  
Turres seu Redouttes è cespite  
Castilia terrea, seu Fortz.  
Jurrium et Castellorum primorum aqualis altitudo et crassitudo.  
The engineres and such as were skilful of the places, affirmed 
The cause where fore the dike was made.  that this dike was to be planted in this place, because the ground in the winter being low and soft did so overflow with the fields that were wet of there own nature, and with the overflowing wateres of the river merka, that the enemy might sail this way, and would have their provision brought with boats into the city. but be means of this dike the passage was shut and all soccor kept from them. Whilst all thes things were thus ordered, Spinola went fourth every day, commanding the Coroneles and Captains, to call the overseers of the wourkmen: and 
The di'igence and care infinishinge the wourck.  as nothing is to much hastened to alonginge mind, so he commanded, that the unwearied should succeed and succour the wearied, so that they ceased not to labour in the night. By which diligence it was brought to pass, that two trinches of so great height, so many redutes so many forts were almost finished within seavintine days, nor yet but with feow soilders. But the great assembly of the fleower of nobility, being incited on every side to learn military disipline, and the example of many princes, were agreat provocation to expedition, who among the common sort being moved with the greatness of this war, put themselves to task and cut thurfes of earth, and carried fagotes with their own hands. further more the extraordinary profit of this labour, turned principally to ease the necessity of the soilders, with which the army was kept lest it should deboard for when as wages were seldom paid, and those also but haulf pays, and the dearth of corn being great, the price of the labour was daily paid to the soilders (who sets his labour to sale) by sole example.  
And as afterwards neow works that were to be made; 
A remedy for the necessities of the soldiers.  were disposed of, in the continual time of the siege, so the soilders labour turned always to his own profit; some had rather live by beginge, then help their necessity, with the gain of that kind of labour, which example seemed to many that the necessity fought with honour, and toght more fit to die then spot their honour. many be foolishness and to feow wisdom, had rather beg and be ahongred with on distained honour, then to susdaine his life with honest labour.  
Although two things at that time did grealie facilitat their labour and, necessity first, the better condition of the camps, then that of Gilse for here the river and brooks did serve for drink, the corn was ripe, and the barns were full of food: secondly aperpetual temperature of the air conspiring as long as the soilders was in a manner exercised in cutting down wood, making fagotes of shrub, carrying of bughes cutting of turfs, to build trinches and forts. By which means it came to pass, that our soilders were subject to no diseases, when on the contrary, agreat pestilence, 
A remedy ours had for not to full in any disease as those of the town▪  and great agues, at the fall of the leaf, did afflight many of the enemies.  
The enemies in the mean season by providing and taking care, did endeavour to defend themselves, and about that time, they decreed two things worthy of memory first that artsenius Captain of the citizen's as often as consel of war was holden, for giuneng there opiniones in that counsel, should have authority as other Captains, where by the forces 
Arth●ns was permitted to 〈◊〉 in council of war.  of the soilder and the citizen, should the more firmly be kint together.  
The other, that every one being put to his oath should declare to the senate, how much money they had, and lend it 
Eachone declared by his oath haw● much man●e he had.  to the treasures, created by the authority of the united lords, for the defraying of the expenses of the works, and the soilders' wages, when the treasure house should be in want. And lest any should deceive them, or refuse, the Governor, 
The principal persons first took, their oath.  Captains, offisers' drosart, Burgermasters, Coroneles, took their oath before hand.  
Then the common people won by authority, followed on not unwillingly, there was gathered into the common pursh, ahondered and fifty thousand crowns, with which somm of money wages were wikly paid unto the soilder, and the expenses of the works were defrayed moreover some sorts of abolished money, stamped with a public mark, the old price was approved, and some also was augmented that the some of money being forged anew might increase 
The soom of many whi●h was joined.  or augment in value. Withal, leave was given to sell cheese, and dried stockfish out of a common barn, when 
Victuals we are 〈…〉 cut of the public munition house.  butter and flesh fell short; but the citizen's forbore from selling, jest the soilder should stand in need.  
Spinola understanding that his companies were but few, to make and defend so many works at once, in so great adistance and circuit, by transporting of vitualls afar of, that it was most needful, at one time, both to make provision of wood, and also of corn, and so many forts should bemade and kept, but especially, because acertaine rumour ran, that the bastard Mansfelt would break again into the borders, to exercise the 
The Marquis understanding of the coming of the hastard Mansfelt caused new 〈…〉 to be made.  robberies that he had lately failed in, and to call the King of Spain's army from the siege, he ordaineth that five and twenty particular german companies should be raised, each consisting of three hondered heads, withal he sends from the camp Godfrido of Bergus, Baron of Grimbergue, 
The Daron of Grimberge was sent to the Duke of Bavaria and Count ●illy.  (afterwards Count) to the Infanta (in which he led acompanie of horse) that from thence he might take his journey to that most excellent Count, john Tillie, afterwards to the most renowned Duke of Bavaria, for one Regiment of those that were discharged by oath, and were to be sworn to the King of Spain; This he effected with no lesh success, than speed, so that in steed of one Regiment, two were offered. With all he sends into the provinces patents to make up, ten companies of foot men, and some companies of horse all upon his own charge.  
Grave Mauris recovered the city of Genip, now forsaken 
Grave Maur● took possession of Mor●d ● Bergues Genip and Cleves.  by our men of their own accord, as also mondelbergue, and Cleves. He being distracted with these buissines; and in throwing down part of the walls of those of Cleve, left unto us a good opportunity to fortify and finish the works. Hearing afterwards of his coming to Breda, our men opening all the flood gates of the rivers or sluices did all ovet drown, the fields of the village of derheyden; on that side on which it was taught he might more easily break through. The Marquis having sent Losano to Count Hendrick, 
Count Hendrick follow a him.  to make haste, as he was commanded, fallowed after by verieshort journeys, albeit with very small troops, through the dangerous places of campine.  
Count Brionius. Frenchman, being encouraged by this 
Brion the French man resolved to state in Breda to see the occasions.  report, who had obtained leave of us to depart into France (from Breda) where he served for a soldier with a new hope of beholding the fight of Breda, obtained leave of Spinola to teturne. About that time the enemy horse came out Bergen opson, and having taken a prey of horses, and carriages, which were coming with provision to our camp, greater troops of our army being sent out, met them and put them to flight, and the booty recovered. 
They sought for provision of 〈…〉.  Soldiers were sent from our camp to Sevenbergue, with a great number of wagons to fetch provision. But because that town was free and held of neither side, lest it should receive any detriment by the liberty of the soldiers, or 
The Auditor 〈…〉 was 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉.  any soldier do any wrong to the inhabitants, Spinola sending for Theodorus Scot, who did determine of all private and public controversies belonging to the camp, or if there were any crime committed, or any controversy arose of any spoils taken in war, he determined the same by the authority of the auditor general, commanded 
The vinted stat●s did forbed that no vitualls or munition should be sent.  to value the prices of all merchandise; promising that he would make payment, but by reason of the number of wagons, plenty of provision did much abunde, and Spinola comaunding those of Sevenbark the carriage thereof unto the camp; the fearful Magistrates, presently advertifed the States of Holland, yet the citizen's offered agood sum of money 
The Marquis would not receive the m●ny offered.  for to buy corn, but Spinola refused it, affirming that he wanted the corn that was carried into their camp, not buyng any from else where for their money. Two priests of the society of JESUS, of those who employed their endeavours in the camp. For the soul's health of the soilder, went into that town, together which that company, to assuage the pillage of the soilders, 
The assistance of the fathers of the societ●e of jesus was to the Inhabitant. And in particular to a minister of the 〈…〉.  and prevent injuries, were very behoufull to the town's men of Seavenberk and the boldness of some men being irritated, they saved apreacher of the wourd; together with his wife and family, praying them that no hurt might be done unto them. which they admiring, who ever both diuulged abroad and expected more severity 
The Prince of Poland arrived to the camp.  of those sort of priests, demanded how those black priests were changed?  
In those days Waldislaus Sigismundo Prince of Poland and Suethe, came to Bruxel to visit Isabel the Infanta, of whom he was most princely and most royally entertained. He no lesh skilful than loving war, renoomed for many notorious victories, being desirous to see the siege (having sent to Antwerp Conde Selasarius general of the horse) was brought the last of September into the camps of Breda. Spinola sending afore some costly saddled 
The Marquis went to receive him.  horses, acompanied almost with all the nobility, rode from the camp two hours' journey, and received him coming with many congratulations, and with great sheow of love. There was atent prepared in ahouse wherein though nothing belonging to kingly glory and majesty was, yet was there more military ornaments than cleanliness and cittilik civility. Hither when the Prince came about 
And with great mangnificencie he received him.  night, having discharged all the canons, once, twice, and the third time, and the drums and trumpetes sounding, the moon was deprived of the sight of the sun by asudaine interposition of the earth. Betokening (if it may be 
The eclipse.  lawful to foretell) that that Prince most expert in arms should one day become the tamer of the turkish moon; 
The artillery begon to shut of.  Breda hitherto had not been touched with our cannon, nor was the more hurt with so many shot of together, for that our soilders were commanded to shut more for mirth then for destruction, and much shot went over the city without doing any hurt; yea the besieged also, had more profit than hurt by that shooting, who from that time were exempted from the payment of all tributes; according to the former custom: the next day, the prince led about with sundry guards of Spinola, where the enemy saw the people stand together shot as thick as hail to salute them.  
The day after he road alone with Spinola, to take aview of the other side of the camp the rest being commanded 
Ours took eight frentzes gentle men.  to stay behind for fear of danger.  
At that very time eight young frencemen of noble houses, intending secretly to slip by us from Breda to Grave 
The Marquis invited them.  Mauris is camp, were apprehended upon the fenues, and were liberally entertained, not as enemies but as friendly guests Spinola invited the more noble of them to his table (amongst whom was Marquis Gringnol vicont, serius with his brother, and Barron blianuill, youths of an excellent to wardness) and after (denying them whate they demanded) told them that it was not his custom, to suffer any to pass through his army, to the enemies; gave them choice of returning to france or to Breda, from whence they came. 
The Marquis gave them that cho●●● either to go to Ereda cr● to France.  of which last offer when they made election, lest they should seem to have been more ready to undertaek the labours of the siege, then to endure them, being carried to Spinolaes' tent in acoache, led with atrumpet they were sent back to Breda.  
Waldislaus Prince of Poland, having viewed the works, 
The Prince departing the camp v●●wed all the fortifications.  which until that day were not fully finished, is reported to have said that the dice were cast betwixt two great Captains Spinola, ad maurish, and that one of them must needs lose his credit, Spinola accompanying him going out of the camp, and having finished the compliments of courteous salutations recommended him to count salasarius to be conducted to Antwerp.   

Number VII.  
The next day after, the Baron of beavoix colonel of 
Beron the Bavoix went to take poses●sion of a certain poct. which Grave Morsh mig●haue taken.  the burgondian regiment was sent with aleaven ninety foot, and five hondered horse to fortify osterhaut; which the enemy might have taken to the great in commodity of our men. The next day when he heard from thence the enemy's drum beath, sending out some that might. understand it, he admonished Spinola of their coming the 
Of whose comnig headuertised The Marquis  scouts related that maurish disembarked his army at Gintenberge. of which his neow journey, nothing could for along time, be found out by enquiry; many thought that he would take oudenbosk, and rosendal. it was thought fit that those places should be taken afore hand; lest we should have any enemy behind us; fearing otherwise that vitualles could not fitly be transported unto us, and also we be kept from free fothering if the enemy should first posessit. Spinola supposed that this thing was needles to be prevented. Knowing well that neither 
the Marquis Answered well to the purposet.  those places could be fit for them for anambushe nor so dangerous for our provision when it should be fetched the farther of. which being so far from their camp would be dangerous unto them, in so graeat adistance, we being to avoid apassage not unsecure to us.  
Num. 7.  


A. Breda.  
B. Custra Mauritij in pago Medoe.  
C. Castra nova Spinoloe.  
D. Niger agger.  
E. Nova Castilia Spinoloe.  
F. Stagna ingentia arte facta.  
G. Statio Balionij et Caroli Romoe.  
H. Statio Baronis Balanconij.    
For doubtless if either Spinola had lost one day by delaying, or maurish had so much prevented him by making 
The 〈…〉.  haste, Breda might have been, saved by the commodity of so small atyme for betwixt derhaid and hage their lay open very large spaces of land, and of wateres, where by with little labour, victuals might have been carried into the city, be wagons unto the river, and with little boats over the river, if those places had first been taken by maurish: which might have been Don Without any difficulty, when at that time there were no forts of emportance, betwixt his army and the city (except four little redutes; 
And having when the other in the morning.  which were built on the black dike: But Spinola now with many soilders took the ways and all the passages, betwext thighs forts, and the camp of maurish, and preuer●ed him all hope of passing forward. So much doth the celerity and the wisdom of the generals prevail in war●●● which we have had this victory.  
Here was agreat plain filled of shrubbs, in which he might have extended his army at large, if any fight had 
〈…〉.  happened: This he caused to be taken and possessed with certain troops of horse. the rest of the horse buying placed further of; in the fore front of the army.  
Behind them there was atrinch form as it were by nature; betwixt Breda and the shrubbs upon this he planted seven canons and placed the Infantry behind it comaunding to cut down the fright of the meadow, and of the rivers, and with great expedition filled the ditches. Upon the right side he left agreater for't to be defended of the burgondianes, which Baron of Beavoix had now almost 
The form of the great fort.  finished. That fort of afoure square form, and of that greatness that the canons might be planted upon: The walls were strong against the shot of the artillery, six score foot long, in the flank twenty eight foot broad, and fiftine foot high. There were long stakes on every side streaching out of the woorck to hinder the ascending, within there was abanket and aparapet and one step under the banquet for the commodity of the shotthe parapet was five foot heigh, ten foot thick compassed about on the outside with a ditch, of two and twenty foot broad, so that from the bottom of the ditch, to the top of the wall, it was twenty five foot high.  
Num. 8.  
VARIAE MAIORUM CASTEI  
LLORUM FIGURAE.  
Dimensiones maiorum Castellorum.  
Not long after, a certain master of the artillery, asked Spinola, why he went not of himself to provoke Maurices' 
He answered prudenly.  army, not strenghtned with any great forts, shooting of six or seven canons? To whom Spinola answered, that it stood not with his honour, more lightly to insult over the 
Grave Maurice kept his army together close seeing that the Marquis prevented him in time.  enemy, then to carry himself civilly: that he was not accustomed to make a bragging, but a prudent war: that it is a Commanders part, to combat no less with council, then with sword and forces.   

Number VIII.  
Maurice having pitched his tents at meed, kept him self in them, neither gave himself leave, nor any of his, to depart farther of. Which Spinola noting, commanded five 
He commanded five forts to bemade.  forts in a manner all of the same bigness, to be made on the left side, even to der Heyde, for Baron Beawoix, john 
To hinder his passage.  Count of Nasau, Phlilip Count of Fuggere, to cut of all passage to Grave Maurice. which space being mighty and great, filled with continuated trinches. betwixt the forts was afterwards adjoined to that first suddenly cast up trence. To all these forts, the form, for their diverse situation, was also diverse in their form but their strength and 
Grave Morish did not lettour works.  height was equal with that other of Beawoyes.  
Maurice did assault our men, who were busy about these works, with no eruptions neither by day nor by night during which days, he lost by flight, many raw Inglish soldiers, whom he had called for to help him. A certain French Trumpeter, by occasion of a thing that was lost, being set sent into our army unto john Count of Nasaw, in the name of the french Nobility, invited 
The French nobility desired to try their valour  him to approach nearer unto Maurices' army to try their fortune with them. The Count promised that he would come upon a certain hour the next day after with three other 
And Grave john de Nasaw was no less desirous to 〈◊〉 nuter them. With three seconds.  there of his companions provided with there swords and two pistoles a pice, and unarmed of other weapons. The next day after as it was agreed, at the hour appointed, together with Colonel Steenhuse, and two Lieutenants of two companies of horsemen, Grobbendonck the younger, and Botberge, he stood before the enemy's camp. There came out of the enemy's camp, four horsemen, with others following a far off, to the number of fixtine, with three hundred of the enemies looking forth from the fore front of the army, amongst which Maurice himself is said to have been the chief. There was amongst these four a young man called Briant, his son who once the father of young Grobendonck had overcome and slain in a single combat, having lost Lackerbec his Lieutenant. He desiring to revenge his father's death, sending a Trumpeter unto Spinola craved leave to be granted him; to try the combat with him that flew his father, as if otherwise he should have lived to long which Spinola refusing him (holding Grobbendonck soon lest he should escape) Briaut, ayoung man of afierie spirit, sought occasion of his own accord. Count Nassau, having received a bullet of his adversary on the fore part of his saddle, had his neck burnt with the fire of his pistol. Briant, hardy both of hand and voice said. At me, at me, shoot at me, who so ever thou art lo Briant, this day, this day will revenge the wrong of his father's slaughter. which having said, setting spurs to his horse, in vain provoking the Lieutant of Grobbendonck the younger with a pistol, he being pierced through with a bullet of his, taking hold by the pomele of his saddle, his hand being half dead, felt presently 
He procured 〈◊〉.  to the ground so the undaunted valour of the two Grobbendoncs, the father and the soon, vanquisted the two Briauts, the father and the son. There one captain Steenhuse having wounded another of the enemies, there ran to help them, those sixteen which came out of the enemy's camp. Ours by little and letle retiring themselves, whilst riding closer one to another, one of them riding close to Nasau, pulls the bridle out of his hand, entangled with the 
The Court 〈◊〉 the danger.  pommel of his sword, so looseth his sword, held by the bridle, and plucked forth of the scabbard: so by two une expected chances he exposed himself to the sudden danger of two casualties. But Nassavius horse, other wise ardent and unquiet, stood as amazed, and gave time to his master to take up his bridle. The other, having left his sword, exposed himself to danger. Our Cornet, who came to behold, forbedden (by the coming in of the enemy) to kill Briaut, smites him on the head, yet breathing, and taking horse, follows the rest. A few days after when our troops of horsemen, stood in sight before the enemy's tents, Bouteville Frenchman, with a convoie of five companies of horse, came to remove them from their standing place. Baron Beawoix, guarded with a 
Skirmish 〈…〉 Baron of 〈◊〉 and baron of Boutevill  company of Counts, being by chance a walking, came betwixt them, and relieving the guard, drowe the enemy back into a wood near adjoining. Hence Bouteville going forward a little, boasting of his own provess, relyenig upon the promise of his friends, and on acoate of male, which he wore under his cloak, provokes ours to a single combat. The condition being accepted of ours, besought to come further out from the wood, not removing from his place. shot in the ranyes by one of ours, letting fall for 
And he returned wounded.  grief of the wound, the pistol which he had in his hand fled away.  
In the mean space, whilst they seemed to be idle in Grave Maurices' camp, nor none endeavouring to fire our forts, nor to hinder our works nor none attempted to provoke us with their assaulrs, he of purpose concealing his design, because craft required deliberation, neither was it safe to achieve great exploits upon the sudden he resolved privily in the night, to set upon the Castle of Antwerp: which accordingly 
And Grave Maurice determined is set upon the Castle of Antwerp.  he put in practice. It is thought, that he knew, that a few soldiers were left for safeguard to defend the Castle, besides those, who either for their age, or for their sickness, were dispensed with all. The Castle seeming worthy to him of his labour, and the gain greater, than the loss of Breda. 
In which were but feowe people  Therefore he kept all his men in his camps at Bergenupsone and Rosendall, with so great diligence under watch and ward within the walls, that not so much as by any least sign, was any attempt perceived, either against Antwerp, or against or army. The charge of this expedition, was committed 
Giving charge to Bronchene.  to Bronchena Captain of Bergenupson of a company of horse having called him to meda. He draws out a thousand foot, and two hundred horse, (as it was reported) with all kind of instruments laid upon wagons, to the places that were appointed. He makes the soldier believe, departing from the camp and from Rosendal, that they should go to Bergenupsone: and those that went from Bergenupsone, that they were to go to the army. when he was come somewhat far of from the city and from the town, he commanded all the blue and yellow coloured beltes (which the State's soldiers were wont to wear) to be taken away, and red ones (such as the King's soldiers wear) to be put on, lest they should be known by the colour of their belt for enemies, they should be betrayed by the Boor's stratagems. Being asked of those that met them, who they were; they were taught to Answer, that they went to Antwerp 
The fury of the cuimie.  for provision whither it was reported that our men were to go about that time. The coverings of the wagons, being marked with the Borgundian Crosses after our fashion, holp the deceit. All the country people thus deceived covered with the darkness of a cloudy night, they come unto the Castle itself. Then out of a hedge which they broke, they pulled up three or four stakes, and some of 
Their presumption and success.  them got up on the bridge. The wind setting on the contrary side, hindered all rushing, neighing of horses, and noise 
The tempest favoured their cause.  of wagons, to be heard within the Castle. They so much the more boldly, let down their boats into the ditches, set lathers unto the walls, set a work their shears, hammars, bars and other instruments cunningly made, to break the locks of the watch houses, and to break up the gates from the hinges. whilst these things were acting near the walls, Andreas Cea, that old beaten soldier, to whom it befell to watch that night, hearkened the more attentively; Afterwards hearing a noise, suspected their treachery, 
A country discovered their arriveing.  and gave warning by discharging his piece. joannes Bravius, Governor of the Castle, and other of the watch ran out of their standing place unto the walls, and stood upon their defence. The enemies were so hindered 
The Governor and the rest of his cause to assist.  with a greater noise of that wind (which at first being more temperate, they approached more safely) that they could neither hold their boats. stable, nor fasten their lathers to the walls, nor do any thing. Leaving therefore their instruments for fear, their boats, and some of their ladders, perceiving themselves to be discovered, departed with speed, being doubtless prevented by the interposition of divine power and so the treachery which was grievously attempted against our affairs, found a very easy issue. Andrea's Cea, for his care of keeping the Castle, was more 
Andrea's C●a was 〈…〉 his vigilance.  liberally rewarded than were in times past the keepers of the Capitol, by Isabella the Archdutches, with a pension of fifteen crowns a month and by the state house of Antwerp, with a rich suit of a apparel, and a rich belt. Grave Maurice, being deceived of his hope (which he conceived in his mind as a thing most certain) being grieved at the hart, remained for a certain time in the camp, doing nothing and very pensive, many of his cottages 
Griefs of Grave Maurice.  being over thrown by the tempest of that wind. But the horsemen of freeze, being also sent for by his command, arriving at Gittenberge, fell into great danger: for in 
Panger of his horse.  that tempest, both the forts, and the bridge being broken, over which the horsemen were to pass, hindered them from all succour of their fellows, so that it was said, that they were easily to be rend in pieces and overthrouwen by us. whereof Spinola being admonished, doubting whether he should assault them with a greater army he chose rather to omit some what in hurting, then with any loss of his own men, to hurt the enemy: for following small commodities, with great danger (with Augustus') 
The prudence of the Marquis.  he likened to those who fished with a golden hook, which being lost, could be recompensed with no catching. At length, Grave Maurice, having heard of nothing done at Breda, after two and twenty, days that he remained at meed, striking up his drums, and fyering his tents, departed sorrowful, as never to return 
The retire of the Prince of Orange.  again. he is said to have been scarce afterwards seen of his friends, so as he admitted no comfort against his grief, Spinola seeing the continuale smoke of the fires, going with a great company of horse to the enemy's camp, finds it to be empty. to the last company then retiring. Hear each one desiring to show 
Ours fallowed them.  himself valiant and couragius in their Captain's presence, they drove the enemy from his place, standing for the defence of the company, whilst constrainned by the retiring of many, they handsomely 
They took great booty out of the quarters.  did save themselves. The sutelers' merchandise, and many instruments of the army family, being left and, became a prey unto the soldier. But this retaeict being prudently made by Grave Maurice, got him so much honour as the enterprise being unhappily attempted, brought him grief. he might rightly say with Antigonus departing. That he did not fly, but followed the profit that was behind him for departing, he so provided for his own, and his soldiers safety that he did both hinder the irruption of Spinola by works that were made, and prevented be the present means of following after him to the 
And to effect the ●ame with greater security  quarters of Swalim, being the uttermost camp, which is the way to Sevenberge: hereon he placed a fort for a forefront, instead of a refuge. On the side of the fort, he cut a ditch of a good height, with a flank built long wise, to defend those that departed, hither they safely retired themselves. if any greater force of ours running upon them, and oppressed the rest, they defended them hence they ran forth, to drive them back, trusting to the nearness of the trench: for that work was so strong and so 
He fortified himself.  high, that it could not be assaulted on the sides, but by ladders, nor before, but by a most narrow entrance. behind therwas asort upon the dike which did enclose the parapet, on which side the dike of the village of heyde, was cut, in the midst, left by this way ours should hinder the passage, 
He marched with his arm● to gondal.  Mauritius divided his army into two parts. He himself went to Rosendale, with Ernestus Casimirus of Nassau, and fortified the place with atrench and with other 
He 〈◊〉 of Nasaw to o●ranga.  works. Hyenery Frederique of Nassau, was sent to take spranga, with the other part of his army, which he also fortified with the works that were made, Spinola having 
The Marquis returned to his first quarter.  spent a feowe days after Grave Maurices' departure, thinknig he had done sufficiently both for his praise, and 
Grave Maurice fell side in Rosendal. And he went sick to haya. With 〈…〉.  his profit, he retired to his former companies ne'er to Breda. Grave Maurice abiding a few days at Rosendale, beginning to be sick determined not to tarry with his army. That care therefore; being committed to Ernestus Cassimirus in Maurices' steed, the Count of hage being sick, is brought back to Holland, as one weary of all: where considering all things, that nothing prospered, nor could find no end, by little and little he pined away, his sickness turning (as is said) into a consumption. which thing peradventure might come to pass, because he hoped, if the wars should have been prolonged until winter (as now but a little summer was left) that either we should forsake the siege by the cruelty of the time, or that we should be prevented of provision, by reason of the difficulties of the ways as also by reason of his tents being so ne'er, 
He sent for the bastard Mansfeild.  Notwithstanding, lest he should be deceived through our constancy and good success, he sent for the bastard Mansfeld into holland, to muster or make up new companies. he having talked with him at hage, being after sent to Rosendal to Ernestus Cassimirus of Nassau, after he had treated of those things he stood in need of, departing for France and England, he went to fetch aid having undertaken 
He went for succour to England and France.  this sea voyage in the winter time, and that at first the sea was calm, a while after, a smoking shower of rain poured forth from the black clouds, together with turbulent storms of dangerous vaves, which made him that he knew not where he was. Hence all the heavens, and the whole sea, were converted into storms, which carried 
A great sterme.  the ships violently upon the rocks, or rune them a ground. They could not lie at ancre, nor could they pomp forth the waters that beat in upon them: their loading, and their armour were cast over board, to lighten their barks swimming by the shore side, the waves enforcing them. Atlast, the cruelty of the heavens, and of the seas being augmented made shiproack, drowning many of his soldiers, he scarcely saved by the help of a little boat, so that he was thought for a long time to be as dead. The King of England promised fourteen thousand foot. There were some companies appointed for Mansfeld 

The king of England promised assistance.  
And the united provinces promised to augment his army.   out of Liege, and else where supplies were gathered through Germany, to the number of two thousand foot: but the united Lords resolved to augment their old companies, with great troops of horse and foot, called out of England, France, and Germany.  
Spinola perceiving the enemy's drift, admonisheth the Archdutches, that she should request of the Emperor against 
The Marquis adversited the Infanta.  Mansfeld, like companies both of horse and foot. And that she should request of the Duke of Bavaria, help of the confederate Princes of Germany, against Mansfelds' designs: Moreover, that she should command the Provinces to defend their quarters which fifteen thousand foot, which 
Andi that other troops may be rais●●●yms.  they call curlinges, or selected men, and with three thousand horse, which they call companies of the Ordinance, which troops, partly the Provinces, partly the collectors of the King's money, might pay their wages: to these foot men, only during the time of war: to the horsemen, always after, that it might belong to their charge, as often as any war should happen, presently to be ready, and being offered, either to defend, or offend. The Archdutches Isabel waing 
The Infanta governed all the troops.  all things with a marvelous princely providence, with continual labour and consulting both by night and day, as she did order the whole business, and did undergo so great a weight. which two things she did most easily bring to pass, which no other could attain unto, by the authority of her name, and by the favour she had amongstst the people. By her authority, with strangers: by her favour, and grace, amongst her own. The succours therefore which Spinola requested, she obtained of the Emperor by letters.  
She sent the Count Octavius Sforzan to the Duke of Bavaria. The Emperor promised three thousand foot, and two thousand and five hundred horse. The Duke of Bavaria, 
Count Octau●us was sent to duke of Bavaria.  a thousand horse, and three thousand foot. The rest of the foot and horse, were sent by the Provinces at the time 
The emperor and the duke promised succour.  appointed, according to the number that was ordained. Then Spinola (on whom dependeth the weight of this affair) wholly attended to this one thing, that to so great acompanie, according to the continuation of the war which he foresaw, provision should be brought, both in great plenty and safety. And to this end, understanding two things to be most necessaire, first wagons by which he might supply 
The Marquis prudenly di posed the convoys.  victuals, next by some perpetual guide, which might serve the camp in hard times, and difficult ways, he made Henry of Bergues, chief of that transportation, retaining in the camp Orchoa Gomeretio, commissary general, as they call 
They were commended to Count Hendrick.  him, whom hitherto he had used in transporting of victuals, but now most of all had need of him, with the rest of the horsemen, to make excursions about Breda, and about the camp. He sent the Count of Henning, to the States of Brabant, 
Count hening was sent to the State of ●rabant to procure wagons.  to procure wagons, that having persuaded them first, the other provinces should also follow their example, the Count of henninge proposing the matter to those who were to give their suffrage, he easily obtained of them, that they should all afterwards agree unto it in the State house, when they 
The other provinces were moved by this example.  both knew the present necessity, and were glad of the remedy for the public good. Those therefore of Brabant condescending, those of Flanders, Henault, Artois and the rest, did not un willingly condescend, that so many wagons should be appointed.  
At lyre there was a public barn of corn ordained, hither first was the provision brought, and from thence to the 
Ammunition house was at Lyre ordained.  leaguer. The greatest part of the horsemen were committed to the charge of the Count of Bergues, which were to take care of the provision; for the companies of Breda, need almost 
The care and dingens of Count Hendricken conducting the convoys.  no other defence, than the fortification already made. This leaders name although it was fearful to the enemy, yet he chose rather with his own act, then with his fame, to deter them from all irruption. wherefore this way he acquitted himself of his office. It was his custom, early in the morning before day, to discover the disorder of the confused troops then sending before some troop of light horsemen, to go after. To the first companies and last, he joined artilleric, 
The order of his marching.  to give notice of the enemies coming, whose sign by so great asound, might be carried a far off that by that sign which was given, the soldiers might be gathered together, and hasten to that place which stood most in need. Both sides of the way against Rosendal and Langestrate (where the enemy's army lay) to be set with troops of horse on both sides, 
And his prevention against the treachery of the enemy.  and to set betwixt the horsemen light footmen, and with the rest of the horse to enclose with the rest of the foot; so to go forward in their journey, and yet in fight. That they should seek as much as was possible, the safest passages, to prevent treacheries, disposing the ways that the passages might be the more easy. If there were any danger, that he should be wary, not to bid battle upon the enemy's ground, and for that cause, either to expect in a fitter place, or keep himself from disadvantage, and to set the wagons instead of a trench, if they were to fight, bringing the shooters with in side. As often as they were to march, that the Captains should go before, till the last had passed, both to veew and hasten their companies, and then fallow after all, and then in the march to before most; and finally, to come in time. To provide places of lodging for the soldier before night, than the guards to be appointed before night. To call the boors, to enquiri of the enemy, of the ways, and to setwatch, as the custom was. Ether to seize upon the bridges, or to break them down, to take away passage from the enemy. To set the soldiers ready in their standing places, with their horses bridled, if need were. That they should send others out on every side, to take some, by whom they might know the enemy's design. Furthermore, to have certain spies who should discover unto them, all their counsels and attempts, whom he should reward liberally. In the night, he 
Their spies.  should beset all passages with watchmen. and lest continuance should be diminished by custom (which uses to happen by length of time) he should often visit the standing 
The vigilanci he observed in his iourni by night.  places at unawares, not so much for distrust of those that walk the round, as that being equal with the soldiers they should be the more willing to undergo the labour with the leader. Now he took care, as well for the affairs of the boors, as for provision. He as overseer of the fires, admonished the soldiers to put out the fire, which they had kindled 
Punishisment for disorders  in the barns. He caused those that were more careless, by whose negligence the flame ill enkindled arose and took hold of the houses, to watch afterwards abroad in the open air, punished them in their purse, and condemned them to repair the damage. He admonished them, after the manner of Aurelianus, that they should live upon the spoil of the enemy, and not upon the tears of those of their own side. To do justice for the country people, against the liberty of the soldier, to hear their complaints, and to punish the guilty. 
The fruit which of all resulted.  By which discipline he brought to pass that the inhabitants (of whom there was great care, had in the villages) that they out of the Churches and steeples, wherein they put their wives, children, corn, and household stuff, should give those things to be sold, which for fear sake they kept close and shut up, and that the labourers of the ground should be exercised without any impediment. With so great quietness, brought he hisarmie through the villages of Brabant, with a special care which he had of the corn, fields, houses, and men. The enemy by the fame of so exact a discipline, never durst so much as once to carp at our troops, that plainly with what honour the provinces fulfilled, Alexander Severus for his modesty, whilst he led his amongst the Parthians had great renoome for his brave conduction and government that name chey talled Bergues of Croac, the 
The cr●aces called him God of the boors.  God of the countrymen.  
By this so great care of the Count of Bergues, all though all the corn was carefully preserved, yet because by reason of the number of horses the store of grass was by little and little diminished in the camp, and those horses for the continuance 
The Marquis had great care of the horse and forage.  of their labour, were spoiled with leanness, when many did feed on chopped straw, and on chaff (whereunto necessity compelled them to augment their forage) Spinola provided for both these discommodities, after this manner. Lest the rest of the forage, should fail for the horse in the camp, he sent a company of horsemen, to guard those that went too and fro, into the wintring places, unto the cities and towns adjoining nearer, where they might refresh themselves for a time, whilst victuales and wagons were made ready for lyre. And as at that time the forage for the camp could not be spent, in which the horses had carried thither provision, he forbid them to go unto the camp; having likewise dismissed (as soon as they were unloaded) the wagons and beasts of burden. hence the horses, when else where they were better fed, by a little repose, were refreshed from their weariness and their leanness. This that Spinola might effectuate the more safely he built a great fort in the village of Barlen three hours' journey from the camp 
fortifying the ways in diverse places.  and placed a garrison, adding thereto one company of horsemen. To this place afterwards, did Count Bergues bring provision, with his horsemen: here he stayed, whilst the wagons unloading, went out of the camps: hitherto did the companies of horsemen, and other of footmen, meet them and receive them.  
Furthermore, that in all events, the journeys might be the more secure, a fort being made by Count Isenbergue, in the village of Leurence against Rosendale, almost in that place, in which the river running betwixt, might be passed 
For the security of the conway.  by bridges or over shallow places. Furthermore, other three were made by Henry of Bergues, betwixt Lyre, Herentale, and Turnhoult: four also at Outturn hout, in which the soldier which were too and fro, took his rest in the night which journey, all though it was far greater than the other, by which men go directly through hooghstrat yet because it was far distant from the enemy's camps it was. thought to be more safe and certain; especially when but mean grrrisons were left for these two castles Hooghstrat, and Turnhoult. By this circumspection, the ways were so safe, that the countrymen, chiefly of Turnhoult accompanied almost with no conway, did securely transport victuals to the camp by waggon. which liberty of going too and fro, when the enemies knew, having once set upon them to rob them, they spoilt some wagons, driving away their horse and carriars, not far from the village of Barlen.  
Grave Maurice, meditating in his disease of new exploits, 
Grave morish once again turned to tempt the castle of Antworp.  having not yet laid aside the hope of surprising the Castle of Antwerp, once again undertakenig anightly enterprise, purposed to set upon it the second time. It pleased him to commit this business, to Stakenbrouck governor of Grave, but his attempt fell out no more happily than the former for there felle continually so great a rain, that their pieces served to no purpose, by reason of the moistness of their powder; and when the enemy save fire in the night upon the walls of the city, supposing to be betrayed, he suddenly retired back with so great perturbation, that leaving part of his carriage, in places not passable,, he specdely betook him to flight. It is thought that there was a conspiracy of some treacherous citizen's made within 
A conspiraces ●f treachery was 〈◊〉 in the ●itie.  the town, who for desire of a new government had invited the enemy. Thirty were commanded to be banished, whom petulancy of words made to be suspected, but by and by they were forgiven, and some were permitted 
Some 〈…〉 and pr●●er●ly forgiven.  to tarry still.  
Grave Maurice therefore when he saw he could do nothing more against our convoys, although his army was divided into two parts to lie in wait, turned all his care to vex those which were said to help to bring the victuals. They were taken who were found guilty of that fact, and were sound punished in their purse, neither did they spare those which were tributaries to the confederated estates the rest being deterred with the grievousness of the punishment. Moreover, all the mills round about, were broken down, their irons being taken away. The bakers and bruars, had 
The enemy 〈…〉.  their brewing vessels and their ovens spoiled. we also understood that it was treated amongst them, whether it was the custom, that those places of the field which were kept with little or few companies of soldiers (where our provision lay) should be depopulated and destroyed. Some thought it fit, that all the places round about should be set on fire, to which ours might have access for provision, lest they should be commodius for us, to bring abundance of victuals. Others fearing, lest also we should set fire on their villages and free towns without guard or defence dissallowed of that council. wherefore he opinions benig diverse (as it is wont to be in desperate cases) they carried prisoners 
The enemy apprehended though it that brought to the Marquis provision.  from Tourenhoult, hooghstrat, and the adjoining villages, some which had relieved our tents with provission and victuals. Spinola requiting them, as many as he understood to have carried to the enemy food and victuales, he likewese commanded to be taken, and to be punished in 
The complaints were answered.  every place divers of these complanied unto him by messengers, as if they were innocent. He made them answer, that this was the estate of the present war, that seeing the enemy did by all means hinder the bringing of provision, that he also forbid the like; and if they would have him not to hinder them, they also should desist from hindering ours: but if they went forward in hindering ours, he also would go forward in hindering theirs.  
By these examples and penalties, the countrymen and merchants being deterred, not daring scarcely to bring any 
All things became dear.  thing into our army but by stealth, there ensued for a few days a great dearth of bread, wine, bear, and other merchandise, which Spinola feared to relieve by imposing on them a lesser price, fearing by how much he profited the soldier, so much the more he should hurt by the scarcity of sellers and of corn (which are alured by advantage gain.) for these causes, during those days, some certain soldiers (which preferred hunger before honesty) they cut in pieces for relief (a most miserable food) the carcases of dead 
Some were of necessity constrained to eat horse flash.  horses: and by this necessity of ours, both the lesser famine of the besieged, and the greater abundance of Maurices' army (which was relieved by the nearness of the cities and rivers) we were to overthrow them. For then there was plenty of provision in the city, at a reasonable rate, which the state had caused to be set upon all merchandise, nor were esteemed at a higher rate than before the siege lest the citizen's and the soldiers, should think themselves oppressed. Araser of wheat sold for sixteen shillings: are easer of 
Prudence of the senate of Breda.  Rye, for ten:: of panic, for eight: of Barley for seven; and oats for as much. A sack of salt was sold for eight shillings. Dried stockfishe, and a pound of cheese, for 
The price of vituales in the town of Breda.  three half pence A pound of green cheese, for a penny. A pottle of oil; for two shillings and a penny. A pottle of rape oil, for four pence. A pound of beef for three half pence. And by this cheapness of victuals, it was a wonder how long the patience of the besieged did endure. In the enemy's camp, corn, wine, food, was brought from all parts, at the lowest rate, Whether it was not lawful for ours to have access. Spinola that he might succour the necessity of his soldiers, besides the King's daily allowance, he commanded to be daily distributed to the soldiers man by man, beer measured out of the magazine or amunision house which thing did greatly win their affection, and 
The Marquis prevented a good remedi for the necessity of his so●ders.  was also healthful for them. The Infanta Isabel, against the rain and winter's wind, she caused to be given to the senteries (which were to watch without any shelter) six hundred gowns, to the rest hose and shoes almost to the number 
And also the Infanta.  of eight thousand. They of Breda, who gladly received of others that which they would willingly should befall to our affairs (having understood of others that our necessities were greater than they were, believed that for the space of forty days, no provision had come into our army: that the 
Reports amongst our co●arartes that cure army daily deca●●d.  greatest part of our army, was run away: and that the lesser part by far, remained: that none now were of force to subsist, and endure the brunt of labour: and that the rest, either for famine, or for sickness, would forsake the siege. These and other things did the holanderes diuulge abroad. There were some also that did more amply and with greater boasting, publish the same abroad in print. The besieged therefore, upbraiding us with our necessities, brought forth their provision, as boasting of it, sometimes with oxen into the suburbs. When 
The enemy b●sted of the 〈◊〉 of th●r provision  yet at home, casting their accounts, they had but ameane quantity of corn. The state (lest they should quickly consume, that which they taught to feed longer upon, decreed that no man should brew beer, which should cost above a crown. They took also away the tin and copper furnices, 
Prevension of the enemy that th●re prouisi●● might long endure.  from the makers of Aqua vitae, lest corn should be consumed by that means: and that they held out so much the longer. But their boasting was rewarded with a just punishment.   

Number IX.  
Num. 9  
Agger Tribuni Wyngardij.  
Agger Baronis Balanconij.  
Agger Comitis Isenburgici.  
The other two bulwarks of Tettering and Hage, this 
Other fortifica●iones.  was the middle most, and that the least of the three, but the strongest by its ne'er adjoining to the forts, being built all most after the same manner, differing only in length, breadth and corners, were kept by Baron Balinconius and Count Isenbergue. While those things were thus ordered, afterwards the besieged, made eruptions out at diversgates, and shot the balls of their canons very thick against our works, and against our camps, but to little purpose. Our works being finished, when they saw their affairs to stand in hard terms, some of the soldiers, tradesmen, and husbandmen, for fear of hunger, began to yield themselves. For 
Some of the 〈…〉 themselves.  being wearied with the present incommodities afflicted with a great plague, with long enclosing, and change of diet, they both had scarcity of corn, and they withal understood, that there remained little flesh, fish, and cheese. Oil pressed out of rapeseed, and dipped in their bread, they commonly used for their meat. There were very sumptuous banquets made to the soldiers by him 
〈…〉 made be the knoker of d●gges.  that knocked the dogs on the head, to wit for three half pence ameale. For he for acertaine stipend of twenty shillings a month, being commanded to kill all the dogs to avoid the plague, furnished a table with those dishes, neither had he daily a few soldiers to be his guess, to dine so well for so little money. But when this life seemed to many men very hard and grievous, it was made far more insupportable for fear of continuance, wherefore they endeavoured 
The enemy began to run awoy. And the Marquis coma●a●d that the 〈◊〉 thou 〈…〉.  to better this their bad estate by flight. But Spinola sending a Trumpeter to the Governor of the city with command, hewarned him, that none after that time, etherin regard of rendering himself, or of flight, should hope for parddon, of him, but should be driven back into the city, or be hanged, as many as should come from thence, Withal, he commanded all places, to be kept with watches, by which they could pass privily. promising five and twenty crowns 
Decompence for 〈…〉.  for a recompense, to those that cayght them coming out of the town. All for the present being astonished, and therefore (as it often happeneth) made the boulder hereby, committed themselves to the mercy of Spinola, who weeping, with all possible prayers, entreated them without the forts, that receiving them, they would assist them with meat, or else kill them, rather than to send them back into the city. Spinola received the wife of a certain tradesman of Antwerp, together with her little child, now lately of her own head departed out of the city; commanding the rest that came with her, to return back, but afterwards he dispensed more liberally. with his own law, sending back none of the fugitives in to the town. when but few, and very seldom, any 
Spinola commanded to ●● boors to be hanged 〈◊〉 of the city.  of them issued out. He hanged up two boors, in the sight of the city, which in the dead of the night endeavoured to carry thither victuals. This fact, proved profitable, and better than mercy, others afterwards being made afraid by 
The said proved fact 〈…〉 N●ow 〈◊〉 of grave Maurice to 〈◊〉 the city.  this example.  
Grave Maurice, thinking with a greater number, to send victuals to the besieged, bringing great quantity of corn and other provision to the havens of the city ne'er at hand he prepares eighteen great boats with flat bottoms which in a calm, might go unto them, which freed from the 
N●ow in 〈…〉.  surging of the seas, feared the sands nothing at all, and lie safely at ancre in shallow places. To these he makes sides and fore-deckes, raised up on either side and high of thick oak to resist all kind of force and battery. Every 
In which was sent 〈◊〉 and a 〈◊〉.  one made after this manner, he armeth with four or six brazen and iron pieces, furnisheth with many balls of wildfire, afterwards he loads them with corn barreled up, with great quantity of cheese, bacon. and pork. All were set with most expert shooters. He advertiseth those of Breda at the same time, that with some of their best 
The besieged 〈…〉.  soldiers, they upon the day appointed, should break out of the town, and should plant them upon our bridge. Those of Breda obeynig this commandment, make ready fourteen ferrieboates, six whereof they furnish with so many canons, and with balls of wild fire, and appoint three hundred soldiers to stand upon the ships, they provide six hundred, which might sally out from the land, near the river. Which thing Spinola understanding, doth fortify 
The Marquis 〈…〉.  a bulwark which he made in the village of heyden with greater garrison (by which way the enemy was to pass) planteing agreat hedge made of trees. furthermore he determined to plant another roe or hedge, with greater stakes bound together, two thousand four hundred paces long betwixt was fair little forts, which he built over the blackdik, as they call it, lest by that water which during all the winter, did flow into the city, the enemies might pass their provision. for such was the nature of those meadows that as often as the swelling of thesea raged (which always happened every twelve hours) over flowing also with land waters, they might easily enter into the city with flat bottom boats; and also made a passage for footmen, after the sea was gone out. But behold, the winds which at the first were very prosperous for Grave Maurice, to our unspeakable happiness, turned contrary. the raging also of the sea, contrary to its custom, did scarce so much as move 
〈…〉.  the waters: and so once again the divine power, did overthrow the enemy's design. In the mean while, whilst the ships loaden with victuals and soldiers, were stopped with the weather, the number of cheese and bacon was so diminished 
Which provision wa● for the 〈…〉.  by the pilfering of the soldiers, that little store of this his provision could have come unto the besieged, although it had happened that the ships had passed by us. But a few days after, the corn which was barrelled up, wet with the moisture of the rain and of the ship, began to grow through the chinks of the barrels, after it was taken out of the ships: and thus the enemies always endured one loss upon another.  
Afterwards, when our men were sent out of the camp to fetch wood and forraige, (that ne'er at hand being spent) the enemies supposed, that our soldiers being dispersed to gather forraige and wood, might easily be destroyed by their horsemen: and for this cause, noted the more diligently our gathering of wood and forraige. They laboured 
Great dangeres in ●●●ch●nge of wood and forage to to our camp  by all means possibile about this matter, that our men might be deprived of both: this seemed easy unto them because their strength of horse was greater: when as our horse were almost all employed, partly in defending the camp, partly in bringing provision: and that it was all one, either to put them to the sword, or hinder them of their carriage: which being lost, the siege could not be mayantained. hence it happened by our daily foraginges (which was needful) when foraige was fetched from unuseall and dispersed houses, that few forraigers could go about in to those dispersed and dangerous places; which though it did not do great hurt unto us, yet it did great hurt to the soldiers, to the beasts, and to the carriars. Spinola, lest he should leave any long time so little a spirit of joy to the enemy, afterwards as often as he was to fetch forraige, he expected the return of the companies, whom for Safeguard sake, the Count of Bergues brought back within three leagues of the camp; by whose Saveguard, 
The Marquis provented ●● enemy's 〈…〉.  he sent the forraigers from the camp, on every side, unto the fildes near adjoining. Furthermore he so disposed of his convoys, that when the wagons at Lyre were loaded with corn, dividing the number of horse and foot, the wagons being loaden with oats, they should speedily transport forriage into the camp, which being afterwards unloaden, the soldiers as soon as might be, returned back to Lyre, to guard the other convoys. In the mean while, the other horses, which were in a manner become un profitable to do any work, by reason of their labour and leannes, were sent into more fertile places in winter to fetch forage whilst others returned, to whom their own quarters, were assigned for their repose. So the journeys being doubled with fresh horses, and well fed; he provided 
The sollicitied and di ●aching of provisiones was refered to the charge of A●●cander H●se.  forraige and provision in a short time, over which officie, Alexander Hesius; leftenamt of the Artillery was appointed, who used continual diligence and expedition, in loading and transporting thereof.  
But after the provinces (on whom of their own wills, the carriage of corn and forraige was imposed) perceived the siege should long endure, and always new requests to be added to the former, being wearied with the charge of so many wagons continually sent, and seemed after to refuse, a new means of getting provision was invented. There 
Other was gons were taken up for The conducting of vituales.  were hired in all those villages, wagons with two wheels, which for their greater compass, one horse commonly, but two at the most do draw with greater speed than three do draw those which go upon four wheels, although they be lesser. The price agreed upon for every one, which at the first was much greater by reason of the difficulty of the ways, afterwards in better times was half diminished. So corn was provided with far less charges of horse and wagons, with less forraige, with like expedition, equal number, and easier price.  
This new industry conseved Grave Maurice, who trusting 
Grave Morish deceived in his conce●●  to the season of the time, believed, that by reason of so dear and so long carriages, we should never overcome so great difficulties of corn, especially because winter now was so ne'er at hand, and all the villages being emptied, the corn was carried in to the cities, and the cattle, by reason of the war, to be driven away far off. He is reported, bragging, to have said to his friends, that which once Pompeo said to Dirachius of Cesar. That he would not refuse, but to be esteemed an Emperor worth nothing, if Spinolaes' army departed without shame; and therefore he would willingly grant that glory to him (after Spinola had held out the siege the whole winter) that he might know more than himself, and also more than the devils themselves. And 
God prospered our affairs.  indeed, unless divine succour had continually more assisted our affairs then humane did, and the winter season (which usually was sharp) had been most mild, we could never have overcome so great difficulties, with such constancy. verily the abundance of waters, which the townsmen sent upon our camps during Novembre, when they shut the floodgates or sluices of the rivers, to pour abroad Aa and Merkam, began to cast down our dikes put us enough both unto fear and care. Nether did Spinola think, either that that war could have lasted so long or that, there should need so great a number of wagons, or that the expenses of carriage would prove so great: which burden, if the provinces from the first beginning, had seen the whole together before their eyes, per haps they would never have inbraced that with so good a will and consent, as they faithfully sustained even to the end of the siege, defreying the 
The fideliti of the provinces was admirable.  charges of four hundred wagons, as also paynig the wages of the provinces footmen: by which fact, they showed themselves most faith full to their King, and have acquired everlasting praise.  
Moreover, who could foresee, so many troubles through all Europe, should be stirred up, only for Bredaes' sake? It was commonly believed, that there was not sufficient provision of corn and victuals, for so many thousand heads, as were kept in siege before the city. The citizen's accustomed to plenty, and unaccustomed to war and hunger, would not endure or suffer penury.  
The French, Scotch, English, Walloons, Dutch, (of whom many were placed in garrison would never expect, till corn began to fail some by nature, others by custom, being greedy of their own pleasures, made us live in hope of a speedy rendering; so easy a thing it is to begin war at ones pleasure, but to end it at an others. But besides the corn, which the citizen's had were man by man commanded to provide, and which were laid up for the soldiers in the common store-house, the country people (all the time that we lay at Gilse, it not being as then resolved to shut up all the passages at once) carried a great quantity into the city, for fear of war. Furthermore, all the Captains and commanders, for the excessive gain, which they made by ask and receiving the pays of those that died, resolved constantly in them selves, to undergo all asperities; and so much the longer. by how much more soldiers died by sickness and other miseries: because, by that loss, their gain daily increased, and not unwillingly sustained their own hunger, by the wages of the dead, getting death by poverty, and gain by death: so much more is gold preferred before fidelity.  
The number of those that died during the siege, was so great, that above five thousand dead bodies, were brought in account to Libitine, which was the third part of all the heads (which were in Breda) being numbered at the first to fifteen thousand and so the sparingness of the dead served for victuals to the living. which thing lest we, nor the citizen's themselves should perceive, it was provided from the beginning by the Magistrates of the town, that none afterwards, thohugh rich or noble, should have the 
A● in vn●●● to 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉.  bells runge at there burial.  
These things, did not only deceive ours, but for the most part also, even the opinion of the besieged themselves (the Captains otherwise, who were mighty in faction, had after a manner, set their faith to sale) and many of those that fled from the city affirmed, that unless the sige were the sooner raised, that they could hold out no longer: which self same thing, was written out of Holland to the Count of Bergues. Also a Germane soldier, who had served the Hollanders nine months, being taken by ours, and known by the Count of Isenburge to be one of his city, his life being pardoned, upon this condition was sent back to Breda, that when as things were 
The zeal of the Count of ●senburge.  in the greatest extremity, he should return unto our army, assured both of his life, and of reward, after he had been two months at Breda, conversant amongst the soldiers without suspicion being returned, he related, that the soldiers, compelled by necessity, now began to sustain their lives with horse flesh, nor had not corn for two months. He counselled them, that Spinola should more often batter the city with his canons, at least in show, that they might with the more apparent pretext, render themselves. They joyful and encouraged with the relation of these things know for certain. what they will, and what they wish? esteening the 
Hopes of good success.  Count of Bergues neither to be deceived nor the Germane soldier to have lied in so great a matter, nor all the fugitives to have been false, they request Spinola, to let them batter the city with their artillery. He although he knew well enough, scarcely any thing was to be got with those engines amongst soldiers inurded to war, the citizen's also, even with custom, to cast away fear, yet condescended to their request, that on three sides on which so many bulwarks were close to the city) the walls of the city, and the houses, should be battered.  
Fhillip Count of Mansfeld, opportunely returned at that 
Count Man●felt 〈…〉.  time in to our army, lately Captain of a company to Gustam Adolphus King of Suede, renowned for his famous facts, who had led his troops with great authority. He having added industry, unto art (as use is the master of all things) found out, that it might serve for great good purpose unto war, a new kind of engine, which might be fitter for to transport, and carry the balls farther, and that with less quantity of powder; To give order to this business, departing from the camp to Brussels, he caused forty brass pieces to be cast, also twenty three murdederinge pieces, to send forth balls of wildfire. Thirty of those lesser pieces, of no more weight than a hundred and fourscore pound, did every one carry balls of six pound weight: the then greater, each one of seven hundred fifty pound, carried balls of five and twenty pound.  
The use of these, although they cost but half so much, was yet greater, and more frequent: for the little ones, were easily drawn with two horse, and the greater, with no more than four; wherasalthe old ones, must have seven, ten, or eighteen. They carried iron balls, only with the third part of powder, further than the old one did. That 
This invented art of Manifelt was found profitable.  abridgement, Mansfilds art invented; for he knew so well, how to boil with fire the melted mettle, that having less thickness of brass, yet was of like hardness, and was also bettet then the greater pieces; and their lightness so much the less.  
The balls also, although they were shot with less powder, yet for the same reason flew the further (for the fire being given in the centre gives fire to all the powder at once, but otherwise being given in the furmust part of the bottom drive the ball with greater vehimencie) of the piece.  
An other invention also of this Count, was admired. Iron 
Another invension of count Manifelt to dr●●● afire ball far longer than an Yr●n lact  balls made with salt peeter, of above a hundred pound weight, he made to carry, seventy paces further than any other brass murdering piece. These he shot from a far off, into the very hart, or midst, of the city, whereas otherwise, all the force of murdering pieces, by reason of the long distance, utterly died before they came there, because our bulwarks, were at least six hundred paces from the city we understood by the run aways, do less damage than terror to have surprised the besieged by the shooting of those balls; we also saw (having got the city) the great ruins of houses that were overthrown. One of the ammunition houses 
The besieged put to great terror.  (wherein the powder was kept) having the top tumbled down, not taking fire, fell without doing any hurt likely otherwise to have brought great slaughter upon the city, But 
And in particular be the artillerte of co●nt Isenburque.  other balls of the canons, where with on a three fouled side (and on that especially which Count Isenbergue won) we battered the city, made such fear, that both many houses were left empty, and the assemble was called weekly to church, without the ringing of any belle, and at an unusual hour, and at last the soldiers were commanded to go to their standing places, without the ringing of the bells. The wife of Captain Aertsenius, that she might encourage the fearful minds of the citizen's, when the bullets flew very thick, being carried in her coach upon the walls showing a manlike courage in a woman's body, taught that courage was to stand in steed of a wall.  
The enemy's affairs standing in these terms, it was commonly said amongst the people, that the confederated States, and Grave Maurice were one angry with another for 
The states complaining of Grain Maurich.  the ill managing of these matters. The States all eaging that because he had left so much time to Spinola, to fortify his tents, busying himself to beat down the walls of cleaves; that noting being done, (after two and twenty days spent to no purpose) he departed from the camp at mead. Contrariwise, Grave Maurice blamed the States, and here after spoke ill of their gowernment among whom generally in the opinion of all men, they altogether made their profit of him. That he left it to themselves to judge; whether 
His answer to th●r complaineth  they had done him more honour, than they had received benefit from him.  
The states displeased with that speech, and fearing lest he would reject the government, cried out together, that he was their sovereign Captain, nor did at all doubt of his wisdom and fidelity, but that they had only proposed those things, which seemed to them to be expedient: that he should go forward to defend the commonwealth with the sword, to dispose of the war after his own pleasure: that they would make it appear unto him, how dear Breda was, unto them: that he should spare for no impositions, were it for no other respect, then that it was the patrimony of the house of Nassau. He appeased with this promise and excuse, lest he should suffer his diligence to be craved of the 
Neowe leu●es of horse.  common wealth, caused a thousand horse to be enroled and armed at his own expenses. Mereover, the States themselves, another thousand to increase the companies which were expected from france. further they consult about making a dam, wherewith they might shut up the 
A costly Dammad: be the in my to either docer Breda or drown our camps.  passage of the river of Merka, not far from Sevenberge. This, forsooth, seeming, to be the only means left unto them to deliver Breda, if as often as the raging of the sea swollen high, accustomed to overflow into the adjoining fields, and the winter waters (which flow into the river by the brooks) being retained, they should overflow all the grounds and that, that standing water was fit, either to send victuals by ships into the city, or for destroying of our army: they set therefore upon this matter, of so great 
They joined aninumerable quantity of barks and other materiales.  importance, and of so incredible expenses; they send to Sevenbergue in great number of boats barks, and cock boats (whereof they have great abundance) to that place, where there is a certain mouth of the river, which they call Lamsgate, and the side-bankes to the cliffs, are full of hollow places, All thighs boats, were needful to carry the piles. Then many ditchers and wourkmen being set a work they ordain wood to be cut down, turf to be cut round about stones, trees, planks to be carried, boats to be loaded, and lastly the piles, to be set opposite to either side of the bank: when behold, at by an unexpected frost, of three days, they are compelled to desist.  
In the very night of our Lord's Nativity (upon which day they first did undertake that work) Staken brouck, 
The vigilance of the count d●●sinburque prevented the presumption of Stakenburke.  with great troops of his, went to Rosendale, and comes behind the backs of Isenburges companies, to see what he could espy. he understood by his spies, that but a little ditch being filled, it was easy to pass, which to fill, there needed but some six or seven spads. Glad of this news, takes with him eighteen companies of horse, with no more than seven spades. Being come to the place he perceives that the thing could not be done with the help of a hundred spades, yet sending some before, he commands them to attempt the passage. Our hors-man that had his appointed standing, which watched not far off, discharging his piece, gives the sign, and cries out arm. Stakenbrouck thinking to be bewrayed by the sign, commanded to sound all the trumpetes, contented only to have disqueted our camps, ran away. All passages being otherwise so stopped by Count Isenbergue, with so many ditches, with so many boughs of trees, and piles fastened in the earth, that they scarcely seemed passable to a single man.  
The frost being past, the workmen (although great difficulty was proposed of dispatching the dam by reason of the swiftnis of the river) return to their ommitted work they sink three very long boats of burden to the bottom, loaden with turf, and with stones, and casting sagotts upon the earth, together with the dam begume on both the brinks of the river, laying the turfs in order, driving great stakes betwixt to bind the ground, they advance half way into the river. Moreover in the town itself of Sevembergue, by letting in and letting out the floods they make sluices on the other side of the river, that after the floods had filled the fields, they kept them under water by the height of that pool, by which it was needful to pass over the ferrie-boates. full of provision. having therefore gained the ebbing and flowing of the sea, they again prepare those things which are needful to furnish the ships.  
Spinola pondered that work with much care, and therefore 
The Marquis continually careful in preventing 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉.  he studeed before all things, that by the information of spies, he might understand in all times, by day and night, what soever was done in that place. And as often as the Moon was either new, or at the full (which days, are wont to cause the greatest raging of the seas) he planted more forces ne'er to the camps of heyden and of hage, on which side the irruption was most feared. Next, he caused the sluices of all the rivers (by which the land-waters were brought about heydam, into the river of Breda) to be opened, whilst the waves of the sea, over-drowned all the fildes, and, being retired, commanded, them to be shut: and then when they came to work about their pretended dam (lower now by the waters departed) he suddenly drawing 
Our slice hindered much the dam.  up the sluices, by letting go the rest of the force of the water which he retained, sent it upon their work, and hindered all the administration of their endeavours. Furthermore, setting mariners, by night cut asunder the banks of the river of Merkain sundry places, the length of five thousand foot: for which there was a twofould reason. First, that such waters as they retained by the dam, to make the channel of the riverswell, and let out towards heydam he, cutting the banks of the river might divert into the bordering valleys of the fields. Next, that by how much the more water the surging of the sea should bring over the banks, into the large spaces of the meadows it should be returned back with the greater violence, by its departure, upon the dam: which for certain so fell out, so that by how much the nearer, both the sides of the dam approached together, so much the higher the sand raised it 
Rare prevensiones and prudent care of the Marquis.  self from the bottom. finally ask the advices of all carpenters and other Inginieres, who denied that so great a dam could be preserved from higher waters, yet before all councils Spinola judged it expedient to provide, that no place should be left the enemy to pierce through.   

Number X.  
Num 10  
AGGER A SPINOLA JACTUS PALUSTRI LOCO Lorica, vallis lig●eis munitionibus, aggeribusque tormentarijs firmatus.  


A. Agger tabulis constratus.  
B. Pons Navalis inter Heydam et Hagam.  
C. Brachia ponti praestructa.  
D. Seps. duplex palustri loco fixa.  
E. Vallus quadruplex seu palisade in flumine Merka.  
F. Munimenta idonea imponendis maioribus tormentis.  
G. Loricula nostrorum trans Merkam.    
These things accomplished, the enemies not slowly, mended up again in the nearer places, the detriment of the trench cut by us, by a double fortification made on their side, at the mouth of the river, lest we should hinder by our eruptions, the disposition of the work. Also those of Breda, either that they might come into some part of the work, and having broken the force of their rivers, the dam at Sevenbergue might be more easily perfited, or that they might recompense the work attempted in September all in vain, by destroying the trenches with which the rivers are divided, to let forth water upon our camps, they began to make those bulwarks thicker, and to raise them higher.  
This being known, Spinola (seeing he could not divert the river of Merka, from his wont current) he maketh a ditch of two thousand two hundred 
The Marquis prevented remedi to hinder the executions of their sluices and waters.  feet long, before the walls of the city (where a higher ground retained the waters) by, which he turneth all standing water, by a brook brought about the side of the city, into Merka, lest the waters should be let up higher into his camps. Which ditch, before it was finished being augmented and strengthened in the river by those of Breda, being cast down by the deluge of those waters that were gathered together, overth rue some of the sluices, and fortifications of the walls, to the great affrightment of the city. Also ne'er unto Sevenbergue, the great force of the water returneing back, drowned three ships in the botthome of the river (which being loaden, they had sunk into it) and over-boare all the piles laid upon them. Unto which thing that of the divine protection did succeed, because as long as that ditch was wrought by so many handeslabouring together, although they shot continually against our men forth of the city, yet the shoulder of one only soldier was shot with a little bullet.  
Those of Sevenbergue would not yet desist from their design, which they had in vain attempted the third or fourth time although they understood it was most hard to be effected. They who saw the miserableness of their estate, judged that they went about with a vain dissimulation, to relieve the hope of the besieged. They notwithstanding, bargain to repair the undertaken dam from both sides of the banks of the river. To strengthen it, they fasten strait trees by a line in the river, filling it up with turfs given from hand to hand. They fill up the spaces betwixt the trees, with great stones, turfs, and boughs of trees. Lest their labour should be intermitted, the turfs digged out of low places (whence the swelling of the sea, draw back the water) they lay up in piles, like to stacks; that such as by the swelling of the waters appeared above, they might bring to with their cock boats. Lastly, so they strive against both sea and river as if they would overcome even nature itself. justinus Nassau, begun again to repair the bulwarks at Breda, and gave order to amend the floodgates, and fortresses that were fallen: furthermore, to raise up the trenches and the walls before our cannons, lest the houses should by endamaged by our shooting.  
Spinola although he believed now in some sort the affirmation of the Architects or engineres that his kampes could not be removed, neither by the overflowings of the chanielles by the waves of the sea, nor by the refluxes of the ditches of the town, by which by the cutting of a new ditch, he diverted the water of the fenues into Merka, from the fields; yet because he knew the Hollanders to be skilful in sea 
The Marquis prevented the pl●●ts of the enemy.  matters, both by speculation and by practice, and saw them not desist from their endeavours, sent continually spies to Sevenbergue, not content with the report of what they found unless them selues had also seen, that to be true which they affirmed. And when word was brought that the dam, for the most part perfected did go forward, and many ships to lie at ancre, prepared to carry victuals, turned that way, whether the win de of Breda carried them; once again by God's providence, the wind, which had blown prosperously until that day, turned contrary, and so great a tempest arose on the sudden, that the posts driven in to the river with 
The enuentions of the enemy prevailed nothing against the tempest  sledges or rammers, the turfs, the faggots, and the stones, were over-borne by the deluge, and the little boats wherewith they brought the turfs and other materials, beaten one against another, and cast on the shore, and all navigation utterly hindered But afterwards by those tempests they gained this, by the change of the weather, and continuation of the winds, that the work of the ondertaken damme, they supposed necessarily to be deferred until the next march.  
These things understood, the Senate, lest either 
The previdence of the senate of Breda.  by the continuance of the siege, they should want victuals, or for want of money should be unable to pay the soldiers wages, resolved by two ways to provide a remedy. First to lenghten out their provision by measuring out and distributing of it sparingly: for after that they 
They visited the houses and barns.  had once in the month of September, taken acount from house to house of the corn, they again in October, calculate all the grain in the whole city; and again in the same October, in two days space, all that was noted was again measured, setting watchmen from street to street, writing down the number of people in each family. And when the citizen's were found to have twelve thousand measures of wheat, in the public store-house, five thousand; ad five hundred head of cattle, it was decreed, that there should be measured, for so many weeks, to the soldier, out of the common store-house, a hundred and fifty measures; to the citizen's, out of their own heap, athousand measures; eighteen head of cattle to be slain, whereof the pound should be sold for three penns.  
Num. 11.  
Then they began after this manner, to cure the disease of the want of money. The Governor of the city, the Colonels, and Captains, and all the Officers, swearing how 
They have coined new money.  much money every one had, affirmed, that what every one was able to lend, should be coined a new.   

Number XI.  
Then were four sorts of money, of brass and silver made, of a four square form: the three that were of silver were of two, four, and six shilinges, those of brass, of a penny, halfpenny, and a farthing. Then was it published by a Cryar, that that sort of money, should pass currant for so much, and be of such a value, as they were declared by their prices.  
In the mean while, unwelcome news were brought unto us of Brocheme, a town of Cleeve. Lambertus Charlesius 
Lambertut Charles besieged Gogh whose wolles wear broken.  of Newmehe, Governor of the confederated States, understanding of the small number of the garrison, and of the fall of the walls, gathering men, forth of the adjoining confederated places, he endeavoureth to break into Gogh, on what side he may, and doth attempt it. Of nine hundred of ours, who were left in garrison, only five hundred were esteemed fit to bear arms, the rest being worn out with sickness or with weariness. The fortresses being weakened with the moisture, where the ditches of the walls were full of fords gave passage to the troops, nor were on that side, planted with stakes, or with piles.  
jacobus Tourlandus Governor of Grocheme, advertised of the issue of the soldiers of Newmege, adviseth the neighbouring Governors of the King's towns, that they should look to themselves, being himself as he thought secure. Ever now and then, he made the round about the walls, and the day before they besieged the town, he doubleth the number of the watch. He commanded four-score 
The watch was doubled  to guard that place, where the walls were broken, where it seemed by reason of the ruins, a more easy passage did lie open. Also, what he had understood of the enemy's issue whate he had a duised his neighbours, what himself had done, of all these things he gives account by writing unto Spinola; which letters of joamnes Gonsales Gonvernor of Wesel, of the uncertain state of things, togheter with the letter of Tourland, being received he checks Tourland, that either forgetful, or careless of himself he undertook the care of others when he could not, by reason of so great distance of place, send succour from the camp in due time.  
The enemy going forth in the dead of the night early in the morning, stood under the fallen wall of the town. There were four thousand foot, and four hundred horse. These, whilst they laboured to get to the top by the ruins, our fourscore watchmen, assricted on a sudden at the presence and number of the enemy, forsaking their leader, with shameful fear betaking them to slight gave way to the enemy to entre in, by that place which they had undertook to defend.  
They posessing the walls, with their weapons a while 
The enemy 〈◊〉 unawares.  after, seize upon two gates, and upon the market. The most part of Tour-lands own forsaking him, hardly able to withstand the assault, the enemy being now come to the gates, gathering together some soldiers of those that fled, endeavoureth to defend the Castle, and the other Gate of the city. He sends to Wesel, to joannes Gonsales, to crave 
Turland defended the castle and one gate of that place.  help, promising both he and his, in the mean time to keep the place. Gonsales writ back unto him, that he should still retain his former courage, and avoweth that he should soon receive succour from him: only that he should stand faithful. with much a do was that day sustained. By night, when ours courageously opposed the forces of the enemy, at length there were beaten out of the gates: only the Castle did remain. The next day after, perceiving the succour of a thousand foot, who contrary to that which Tourland had advertised to be done, entering by the postern gate of the Castle by hastening, to break the bridge, leaving three hundred on the other-side of the river; all which were either slain by the enemy, or came alive in to their subjection. Tourland, having mended with lathers and boards, that bridge, which led out of the castle into the town, and which himself had broken, about to make a sally forth into the city, being shot in the belly, was grievously wounded: and so at last, in the sight of all the Captains, upon honourable conditions, rendered it up.  
Lambertus Charlesius, author of that expedition, got 
Tourland was sore hurt.  the victory, but enjoyed not the benefit thereof very long. For after certain houses sacked, Churches robbed, Altars 
Gogh was lest.  subverted, Images burned, all things divine and humane quite disordered, lastly neither weighing nor moderating nothing, but to do injury, at last had this victory, dying 
The imputie of Lamb●rt Charlis.  of the palsy, he received worthy punishment for his wickedness. It appeared, even by the judgement of the enemy, that we lost no great matter by losing Grocheme neither 
And his reserved pain.  it was so much intercepted for desire of retaining it but thinking to divert Spinola from Breda. For Breda being now rendered they agreed with us (without any condition asked on the other side) that that town should be reputed for neutral and free. Those of Breda notwithstanding, hearing 
That the town should be reputed for neutral Those of Bredaflouteth at ours.  of that victory talking with our watch from the walls, with a witty soldier like wipe bid them be packing to Grocheme.  
About that time, it was reported, that the troops, which Mansfield had gathered, ran up and down in the borders 
The rumour and fame that paseth of Mansfelt.  of henault and Artois (the bordering provinces next unto France.) The Infanta Isabel, albeit she could not suspect, that any Prince would entangle her flourishing affairs, 
The prudent preventions of the Infanta.  with those forlorn affairs of Mansfield; yet because she was not ignorant, that the wills of Kings, as they are violent, so to be movable and uncertain, she, according to the greatness of the peril, prepared for war howsoever, and resolved to resist strongly, if it were offered: she therefore appointed garrisons, about henault and Artois, for the defence of the confines. To those of henault, she sent the Count of Emden for their commander, Artois she commended to the Count of hoogstrat (who was chief governor thereof, to be defended. She sent the Count of sforza, to hasten the Captains and the Duke of Bavarias' companies, against the coming of Mansfeld. She commanded the corn and cattle to be driven into the remoter cities: she forbid horse to be transported out of the low country's, into France, as the french had then forbid corn to be carried into the low country's. Spinola likewise suspecting, that Mansfeld seconded with the french, English, and Germane aids, would deflect towards the lower Palatinat, commands William Verdugius. Governor of those places, to gather in garrison a hundred and eleven free companies of Germans, 
〈◊〉 Marquis commanded the lower 〈◊〉 to by reforced  with two companies of horse, besides the company of Captain Gratfreus, admitted into pay with five hundred horse. In the mean space, the soldiers in the wallon provinces, armed themselves, with three thousand horse, and with almost fifteen thousand foot; the companies gathered a new, towards the end of summer, were also ready. 
S●cceris of the emperor and of the provinces.  The companies of the Count of Anholt, of three thousand foot, came, with a wing of a thousand horse (Baron of Ainsi hastining them) the Marquis Spinella armed on the borderes with the emperores socorres who resolved with a willing mind and great desire to encounter Mansfeld, with four thousand two hundred horse, and three thousand foot. All the Provinces companies, are committed to the command 
Don Carls clooma commanded this of the country  of Don Carolus Coloma, late Ambassador for the King. The Provinces horse, were committed to Albertus Arenbergue, Prince of Barbancone Master de camp, who was for that purpose lately called from the commandry of the horse. These were first wiled to stay at Namure, to the end to stop Mansfelds' passage, if, as of late, he should come to invade the borders: but understanding a while after, that he went about to join himself, with Grave Maurices companies, both of them, with the Provinces companies, planted themselves not far from Antwerp.  
Spinola rejoicing to have so great an army, as the walloons 
The number of the whole army.  scarce remember ever to have seen the like (for they were censured, besides the garrisons of the bordering cities, to be thirty thousand foot, eight thousand horse, yet ommitted no time without solicitude of the siege, but that he endeavoured by letters intercepted, to understand the counsels of Maurice, and of the besieged. For this respect, he was not wearied, neither with watchings, nor with labour. He setteth many in standing, and watching places, promising them great rewards, if they could intercept any such letters. Three were seen to enter into the city, our watch being either careless, or deceived by their celerity. Almost in that place, whence thief were seen to slip by, by those 
Letters of grave Maurish were found.  that sought. a few days after, a little purse was found, wherein two letters, smeared round about with wax against the damage of the water, if they were to be carried in by means of water. Both were Maurices; one written to justinus Naslavius, the other to teState of Breda, written with characters, abbreviations, all most inexplicable. In these, when many had traveled to interpret them, only the good fortune of Michaele Rontartius, Secretarij to the King 
Michael rotard explicated ●her meaning.  and to the Marquis prevailed. He, by continual study both day and night, picked out their meaning. This was the substance of one of them, written to, justinus, with a shorter discourse.  
Num. 12. Specimen posterioris circumuallationis circulo passuum LII. millium.   

Number XII.  
These letters being received, and Maurices designs made known unto us, calling and requiring so great forces of foreign soldiers, Spinola understanding that all that war was intended against him, and that he was yet to retain in the field full three months' space, when Maurice had undertaken with so great obstinacy, to deliver Breda, as though he esteemed the whole good of the common wealth, to be placed in the loss of that one city) breaking down first those forts, which lately being built at meed, Maurice had forsaken, he resolved to encompass his army with incredibile labour, with a trench of wonderful greatness, in the most wicked time of winter, lest so great an army of the enemy, should break in behind him at unawares, as they had appointed at the beginning of the springe. That trench when it was finished, in the whole compass, contained fifty two thousand paces, so much greater was this then that former made on the sudden containing no more than thirty thousand six hundred paces. Posteritij will wonder, neither, would Pompey him self, or Cesar believe it, if they were alive, of whom, the one, cut a trench, at the most of fifteen thousand paces; the other, one of eighteen thousand to go to Dyracchius, And lest any man should think that the count should be mistaken, it is thought good, that the number of the paces through every camp being found out by his own care and fidelity, should be committed to writing. The quarter of Spinola in the village of Genik, with that which Salazarius general of the horse, defended at his back, were enclosed with a trench of two and twenty thousand six hundred thirtee three paces. That of Balancon, with eight thousand six hundred. That of Isenburgue, with a leaven thousand five hundred fifty four. That of Ballion, with nine thousand, eight hundred thirtiene.  
Now Spinola had begun to compass within, with an 
Another trince was commanded to be made.  other trench, but of a lesser space, against the eruptions of the besieged. That because the city was first rendered, was neverfully finished, yet contained with his imperfect circle, sixteen thousand paces. But doth of these were ten foot high, the walls arising, not upright, but step by step. Below, fifteen foot thick, with abanket and parapet with in for the use of the shooters, below ten foot thick, raised up five foot high, with a ditch depressed without side seven foot Deep, in breadth fifteen from side to side, the bottom lying open no more than eight foot. These two trenches had so much more strength than the former, which in height exceeded not five foot, in thickness seven foot, with a ditch nothing broader. Unto both of these greater trenches, were built new redutes, and batteries, to plant canons upon; furthermore were at every entry a haulf moon. divers 
Other fortificasiones of the quarteres  redutes were also adjoined, by reason of the peril and dangerous situation of the place. They were so fortified with new receptacles, and with many other works, that none but he who saw them, could hardly conceive the frame of so great works; so that I. May with out injury, truly term them, a very Labyrinth of fortifications. The number of all the works in the camps (besides those fortifications, which were built in diverse villages, either to defend 
Incredibile greatness of the fortificationes.  the convoys, or to defend the eruptions) were a hundred seventy eight: refuges, fourscore and sixtine: redutes, thirty seven: fortes forty five with batteries reforsed: so far did this siege surpass the renowned endeavours of Cesar, against Alesia and Dyrachium, where there were no more but four and twenty forts without any more fortificationes but atrence.  
Whilst these things began to be set in order, Mansfeld 
Presumption of Mansfeld.  having gathered together certain helps beyond the sea, and else where supposing himself in despite, now to be feared, feigning to go to the Palatinat, humbly beseecheth the Archdutches Isabel by letters, that she would please to grant him a safe passage through her country, and to assist him with a secret convoy. he had conceited in 
The letter he written to his aluza.  his head, that without any suspicion, he should be suffered to pass through the King's provinces (which way he was of necessity to go) to gratify his Master the King of England. That he would not attempt the same without advertiseng her altesa which she, without discourtesy, could not seem to deny: but if she should, then that he would make his way by force, which the equity of his cause required. Isabel, having often tried the honesty of that so well known man, thought it best to signifis by silence, how little credit he had with her, and how little she feared his sudden gathered and unexpert army, fitter for the plough, then for the war, nor composed scarcely of any other, then of soldiers compelled by force, she being fortified with so many and so expert soldiers.  
In the mean space, those of Breda, whilst they see them selucs entrenched with so great works, both expect with long hope, for Mansfieldes help, and he (tossed too and fro with the sea) to tarry longer than they expected, began to groan and to wax weary. For now cheese, and stock fish 
Extreme necessititie and victuals wonder full dear.  failed, now they began most cruelly to enhance the price of meats. A pound of butter, was at half a crown: a pot of oil at six shillings: an egg at three pence halfpenny: a 
Great diseases.  measure of pease, three pound. a pound of Bacon, eighteen pence. which dearth of victuals, the soilderes impatient of want, drove them to the dismal eating of dead bodies 
Assistance of the citizen's.  others for the most part by the use of unaccustomed meats, became (as the Physicians call it) full of scurf. for being wearied with all sorts of evils, afflicted with a grevous plague, were nourished with old and with stinking wheat, long before provided against such an accident. The citizen's, as the labours of the soldiers, and assudietie of their watchings did diminish, took upon them to keep the walls of the city, leaving the outward forrifications to the soldiers: from which work none, albeit old and exempted, would admit dispensation. justinus Nassau, lest the extreme dearth and want of victuals, should cause some uproar amongst the soldiers, to the end he might make them the more faithful to him, he chose the more needy 
The governor disembled with his soldiers.  artificers to be in the places of the dead soldiers, that they might have wages, when now they had no gettinge, and might succeed unto their labours. Furthermore, acquitting them of every second watch, commanding them to watch but every third night, became more gentle and more mild ●lackning the severity of the former discipline.  
Then the Captains exhorted them, the preachers of the wourd out of their pulpits, besought them for God's sake, that they would not grow faint hearted, nor by the base title of rendering, to submit themselves to the filthy servitude of the Spaniard, that they should nothing doubt of the assurance of Mansfelds' coming: because he seemed not to be 
The Captains procured to animate the soldiers  present at the day appointed, that therefore they were deceived: that he was nearer at hand, than they thought, but that the messages could not be brought, be reason that all passages were stopped. That Spinola was not for hopes sake, daily 
Their hops wear in vain.  exercised in making of so many fortifications: that he himself being witness, he should not use their own affirmation: that the German, French, English, and Holland helps, were at hand, for fear of whom, Spinola was busied day and night; that it was an argument of unworthy tenderness, not to suffer penury, helps being so near at hand, and but so little awhile before they would come: that all difficulties were now overcome, and only liberty was expected: that the impatience of a few days, ought not to lose the praise of so great constancy and poverty endured. Which things being said, the Captains, lest they should be convinced of lying by the besieged, or that the miserable condition of the city being seen and understood, should be brought unto us by the report of the convoys, decreed that no Trumpeters or drummers sent by us, should from thence fourth be admitted within the walls, but should expect their answer without: and here by the council of manlianus, they should be entertained honourably and liberally, to boast of the abundance of their victuals.  
The Magistrates also, looking into every thing, forbid the confraternities of the cittiesen of all assemblies after the example of Augustus, lest they should enter into factions, under the title of a college, in the knot of some wicked faction. The soldiers also were watched of the Captains, as often as many walked about, and by their presence, the conjurations of those that walked, were prevented. With these and the like remedies, was the city, in peril, preserved, and the languishing minds of the citizen's, and of the soldiards, sustained when they held up their necessities by only hope.  
Now at length, Mansfeld with his companies of foot, approached by sea unto Gittrenbergue, when heaven was 
The mischance of Manifeld in his navigation.  once again seen to fight against him. For the winds did so beat the arrived navy, one against the other that many of the ships being broken, did serve for nothing: then, as if all the cold of the winter had been reserved for that time all the rivers were shut up with a sudden frost, that provision could no longer be carried to them. It is the custom of those of Gittenbergue, to keep at home little provision, upon the confidence of continual navigation, and of the neighbouring places. Hence by the arrival of so great a company of soldiers, there was small provision of meat for all them, the frost forbidding to bring in new.  
Furthermore, what with plague, with agues, with the sea, and with vomiting, by reason of their long shutting up in the ships with the narrownes of the room, and many filled 
Their new and raw soldiers endured gteate miseries.  with the filthy savour (being almost all raw soldiers, and unaccustomed to tempests and stinks, were cast into the waves, either dead, or half alive. There was counted by some, above the number of four thousand. Some cast into the sea for dead by swimming got to the shore, and are yet living in the town. Many dead bodies floating by the shore side unburied, and more every where cast up by the sea upon the land, breathed forth a grevous plague upon the neighbouring towns of Holland. A very sorrowful spectacle to the English soldiers, who by the outward soil, whether they were sent for succour, were so, roughly entertained. But that which befell much more miserably, when Mansfeld durst not set a shore those whom against their wills he constrained to take their oath, by the same remedy chiefly they died, by which they were kept, lest that they should run away; to wit, enkindled by that prohibition. Notwithstanding, many betaking them to us by flight, unarmed, ragged, presented us a pattern of the rest, affirming themselves, to be in better fashion than the rest, when almost all of them, were involuntary, and unexpert in war, that they were by and by taught how to handle their weapons, when they were to be led in to the field. It was said to have been seen that some found amongst them, who filled in all the powder at once into their pieces mouths even to the top. which had been measured to them for sundry shots, that there was scarce place to put in the bullet: so skilful were they in their pieces. It appeared by many letters, that those companies were gathered compulsitorilie, of the most basest sort of the rascallity; and that in a short time, what by sicknesses, what by running away, they were so diminished, so that of fourteen thousand, scarcely four did remain.  
Whilst Mansfelds' ships were withhoulden by the frost, that very season of the year, admonished us of diverse considerations. The fort of Nordame ne'er to Sevenbergue, inaccessible 
Several interprises were propounded.  in summer by reason of the waves, now to begun unto on foot by reason of the cold: Prinsland also, Rosendale, and Sevenbergue itself, were thought might easily be taken by reason of that weather. Dispatching therefore spies on every side granadose, and balls of wild fire were also prepared, to cast in to the enemy's ships. But in vain, when the frozen crust of the rivers (which otherwise seemed thick an firm) were so weak, for the snow in texmixed that scarcely would they carry the weight of two or three soldiers at once. The ways also the snow never lying in one equal height, but driven hither and thiter by the wind into the ditches (so that doubtful places could not be discerned from the solid) were very dangerous, to lead the troops that were to march. The spies stood in snow sometimes up to the breast, sometimes up to the mouth, and sometimes fallen or covered in the snow were fain to be haled out. Nether their voice, nor their hollowing one to another; would any thing help. Three soldiers of fuggeran practised in all bold attempts, getting in to the tents of Rosendale, after 
Three reso'ut soilderes of fugeresri gimlet.  drinking and talking together, they had descried the enemy's ships, betrayed in their return, scarcely escaped by flight, one being wounded and taken. But else where the fuggerans attempts fell out more happily, and a very few of them, frequently brought back with them many captives. but the fortune and deceit of war, is very variable.  
There were some, who besought Spinola, that with the companies of Carolus Coloma, together with some of his companies adjoined, he would suffet Rosendale (little fortified to be assaulted. That they knew by the bewraying of the inhabitances, that they were so affrighted with the fear of ours, that gathering up their goods, would be more ready to rune away, then to stand to fight: that that might be done without either damage or any danger, if in the mean time our horse might be planted in two parts, before Bergenupsome and prinsland. Spinola, to whom those things best pleased, which were done rather with prudent council according to reason, then prosperous 
The Marquis is want to give credit to nothing without good fundament.  things done at adventure, treating all things with himself with more serious examination, supposing that thing, could not very much, help to the acquiring of that notable victory, chose rather to keep his soldiers safe, for the occasion of a necessary combat, than either to fear the whole army with the opinion of the enemy's audaciousness, or to encourage the enemy's minds by good success, if the skirmish of a few of his soldiers, should perchance have fell out vnfortunatly: for in war it happened, often times by things of little moment, great alterations of things to be made: neither was it the part of a prudent Captain, to poursue little victories, with great perils.  
In the fourth of the Nones of March, the anniversary day of Breda, in times past taken by the uninted Peers, by the fraud of a boat was changed. This day those of Breda, 
Solemnity in Breda in memory of the day it was taken by the hollandes by fraud.  being wont yearly to solemnise, now kept so much the more ren owmedly, by how much perhaps hereafter they doubted to celebrate the same the more seldom, more truly after the manner of a solemn burial, than a birth day. for discharging thrice towards the evening, all their greater and lesser Canons, they consecrated the last night to the memory thereof.  
Now the time was come, in which the intermitted affair of the damme to be made in the river, was renewed. That interualle of time, wherein the mariners and the workmen desisted from their labours, had roused up the studies of sundry persons. A certain person, undertakes upon the agreement of a great sum, that he would finish the work, almost despaired. He, in the presence of those whom the States had set over the care of this dam, choosing a place not far from the former, where the river was fuller of hollow places, and more narrow, he drowned stones tied unto little nets (lest they should swim away:) upon the stones, he sprinkles a certain kind of binding sand (brought as it was reported, out of England or France) to fill up the chinks, and to fortify the dam. The affair seemed to succeed better than it did before, when by a sudden alteration of the heavens, so great force afwater once again by the overflowing of the Moon of March (in which the sea than most of all doth swell) was stirred upon high, and so great a deluge of rain and unthawed snow, flowed together on every side, that the dam begun at Sevenbergue, and very many forts of Rosen dale, and some part of the suburbs of the city of Breda, were altogether over-turned. The ways also to our camps, and some of our fortifications near to the city, were so drowned, that 
The waters did overflow the camps.  they could, for three days be gone unto not but by cockboates in which time one camp being shut from another they were in great necessititie of victuals, when they could 
No small damage done unto our quarters.  not go to one another with their wagons, nor was there means to have so great a supply of boats: the river, the shore, and the fields being all alike.  
Never could it otherwise have been more clearly known, by how great mercy of God, the army was conserved 
Great favour of god.  the whole winter: for if the same extremity of winter time, and abundance of snow (which fell in this short time of the winter's departure) had happened in the former months (as at other times it was wont to do) out of doubt, we should have been forced to forsake the siege, for no other cause then only for the sharpness of the weather: for in those few days, wherein it freesed so severely, the sinews of many were shrunk up by the force of the cold, and some amongst the watches, were found dead, Some had their hands and feet so stiff, that they were fain to have them sawed of. Many carriars also, and purweyors of corn (who the cruelty of the ways through rain snow, mire and winds had cast back in their voyages made by night) were 
Delaying of the provisions.  killed in the way by the frost. The convoys also were so hindered, that for the space of three weeks, in which the snow and the frosts were dissolved with continual raynes) scarce any victuals were brought besides that which the wives of the Germane soldiers brought, daily almost setting their companies in array) running abroad into the incorporated towns, brought into the camp upon their shoulders. Of which women (who continually performed other duties towards their husbands by fetching wood a far off, getting of forraige from all parts, dressing their meat, washing their linen, carrying their householdstuff when the 
The almain women wear of great service  drums were beaten) such respect seemed to be had of them in the camps, that they were not held for any hindrance, but with honour were reputed to be men's mules. 
The sraise they deserved   
The waters being diminished, the enemy's endeavours attempted again, with great solicitude of mind, to finish the pretended dam. Spinola caused the sluice of the river of Leure (which reached unto the river of Merka) to be broken a sunder, and commanded certain rivers to be stopped, and diverted, which poured themselves abroad into our camps. He caused a trench likewise, which he had placed in the fennie grounds, from Merka to hage, to be raised higher by three foot, lest the standing pool (though overflowing might be passed over with boats. to the end they might break back the force and swiftness of the river returning from Breda by certain lets set against it to receive it, from either bank thereof did make within, here and there upon the sides, hills, lyingout like, horned works, next before that place, where they intended to build that dam before. Then they lay before that gaping or gulf both which appeared in the medst betwixt the horned works of the river (by which the force of the waters, now more straitened, were carried) long beams after a triangle manner, fastened in the river with a little space betwixt, which the river enclosed, but a little broken. Then they began behind to make the dam, secure, as they supposed, of the success. By their perpetual labours 
The enemy begon new muented works.  both by day and night, they had now brought the matter to that pass, that having brought trenches along on both sides. of the river, besides the little straits of the mouth, it seemed 
All which was broken by the waters.  almost nothing remained to be stopped. But so great was the force of the immense waters, both augmented and enforced, that now it disgorged like a most raging torrent (which before always passed through the loose river with such lenity) that scarcely could it be judged by the eye, on whether side it flowed. Moreover, the bottom itself, 
And the t●mp●st afterwards.  the sands boiling up of their own accord, thrust forth the beams rammed in, so that the rammed stoccadoes wholly slid away. And so great a tempest fell at that time, that whatsoever boats, stones, turfs, faggots, and trees, were laid in the water to strengthen the dam, was all overborne, and the navy in which the Duke of Brunswick carried the french horse, was grievously torn in pieces, even in 
Their ships wear torn in p●eces.  that passage, not a few quite over whelmed, many driven hither and thither, which hardly could hold their course. 
Theywere now out of ●●p in going forw●●d with the dam.  So the enemy, seeing his so manifold preparations, to prove so ill, at last judged it best to give quite over, a thing attempted so oft in vain.  
In those days, with notable craft, letters were sent from justinus to Maurice, and likewise from Maurice and Mansfeld, to justinus, in which many things, very necessary to be known, were discovered to Spinola. A certain person, out of the care he had of the common good having gotten a country fellow, skilful of the places and of the passages, and ready to undertake any thing, agrees with him that loaden with Tobacco, Butter and Cheese, like to a run away (as though he had craftily cozened our watch) should get to the walls of Breda, and should present his service to 
Letteres of Mauri●h and Iustin●.  justinus, to carry letters to Maurice, if so he pleased. The man being of a fickle mind and greedy of gain, (posest at home of nothing but of poverty, sells his faith. Being thus instructed, as it was agreed, got to the walls of the city: the merchandise, brought to those that were so hungry, made the stranger to be very welcome. justinus greedy of news, inquires many things, of the camp, of the passage 
● cogging ●oore.  he had found out, and of the common opinion. He, as one of a perfidious mind, like to Sinonius, and concealing his own, a cogger and dissembler of every thing, telling somethings truly, and lying in others, somewhat near to truth, gained the opinion of an honestman: for those things which like us, we easily believe. Being asked, whether he hoped, by that way which he escaped, to find outsome passage to carry back letters, answering at the first fearfully, at last he set their affections on fire with fair words, to undertake the affair, which one thing he most earnestly desired, under the pretence of a refusal. He therefore carrieth letters from justinus to Maurice, with a promised reward, if he brought back answer from him into the city. The dissembler 
Faithful to the Marquis  promises all diligence: but when he came into our camps he delivers justinus letters unto Spinola. Whereof the contents were as follow,  
That he rejoiced much, to have received letters thrice from Maurice, by which he understood, both that Mansfeld was safely arrived with Germane and English succours, and so great warlike preparations to be made, for the relieving of Breda. That he should be careful, as he had promised that there should be corn enough till the end of April or beginning of May, unless it should by chance be burnt by fire, which the enemies often shot into the city. That he would shortly find out new inventions for corn, by searching the granaries of the citizen's. That the works of the enemies, are lately extended from the great trench, which lay before the water mille, to the camps of Balanconius, and placed against the little tree of Guittenbergue. Those camps began to be fortified with works by Spinola. The garrison of the ciitie was daily very much diminished with the plague, bloodyflux and with the scurvy. That the sick could not be refreshed and cured. For want of medicines and wholesome meats. That the rest who were in health, 
The garisen of Breda begon to deminishe.  lost not their courage, but looked earnestly for an occasion to perform the affair both well and valiantly. That the rape-oyle, was always first burnt, before it was applied to dress meat with; but that there was but little left.  
Spinola having read them, and sealing them sends them by the same messenger, promising the fellow a liberal reward, if he brought answer from Maurice, and from Mansfeld unto him. Maurice supposing that he might securely credit the messenger, by whom (with so great fidelity) he had received iustinus letters, giveth both answer, and a reward for the fellow's pains, and sends him to Mansfeld, to receive also letters from him.  
The fraudulent and, cheating messenger, brings both to 
The Marquis came be the enemy is letters.  Spinola, and his reward being given him, gets him gone.  
In those letters Maurice purgeth himself of his stay, and imposeth the cause of the prolonging of supplies, upon the contrary tempests of the year; beseeching him that he would endeavour to prolong the victuals some weeks by sparingness, but unto the end of April: that he had need of so much time, to gather and to join his powers together, that otherwise so extraordinary charges of the united Lords, should be to no purpose, and their endeavours all in vain. That these, indeed, were hard demands, but that fortune must be now holpen by industry, especially seeing all the French horse gathered by Mansfeld (two only companies desired, which wear daily expected) was now come to Bullen, and to that end, the ships of the States are gone to transport them by a prosperous wind. That the French companies of footepart were brought by Captain Candale, part were in the way, as the other companies were both of horse and foot, gathered through German for the States. Lastly, the French, English, and Germane supplies, were to come but a little after that time, which he would have prolonged by him till after April.  
Mansfeld promised that he would shortly be justinus guest: that then he would merrely drink his and his valiant companions health; That he was come, prepared with a hundred companies of foot, and forty of horse, nor doubted nothing of supplies.  
Spinola confirmed once again by these letters of the penury 
The Marquis was informed of the necessity of  of their provision, and advertised of the slow coming of their helps, the eleventh of the Calends of April which was the feast of easter, thought good to try justinus mind, by demanding of him to render it up.  
For this purpose he sends the Trumpeter of Count Salazarius with his letters privily. That he had treated nothing with him touching Breda until this day, about the quantity of corn which he had in the city; but now knowing certainly upon what day he should receive victuals enough, and for that cause it was not meet, that he should any longer delay the delivering up of the city; that he would make him offer of reasonnable conditions, if he would treath with him of a composition. And truly if he should require a little time to expect aid (which notwithstanding for the strength of their works, and the greatness of the army lying round about; he might easily understand, that he could in no wise succour the city, that it should be granted unto him, so that he would now presently treat there of: else that hereafter there would be no cause, of affording him the like favour.  
justinus having called together the council of war, reads 
Answer of the governor of Breda.  the letters received from Spinola, and become proud with the promised coming of supplies, and with the increase of victuals augmented by the death of so many men, thus made answer.  
That he was amazed, having read Spinolaes' letters, and all his so strange demands: but so much the more, because he thought that he and so many valiant companions of his, could be made afraidwith words; to whom he affirmed, that nothing could happen to be feared, except it were a base report. That in time it would appear, that (by flattering himself) he was ill instructed of the state of the city, which he hoped to render into his hands, of whom he had received the same, to be kept and defended.  
Spinola (lest the mind of the wearied soldier should wax faint, by the insolent bragging of the besieged, which assumed to them so great courage) prudently suppressed that answer in dead silence. Which was enough to persuade the shortness of the remainder of the labour unto the soldier, it was commonly gathered by suspicions, that a Trumpeter was sent to lustines out of the camp, touching the rendering of the city, as many did conjecture willingly, albeit many feigned reports, and added some fears of their own, to that which they had heard from others, when they understood those hopes of Spinola to be deceived, or deferred any longer. The composition therefore was left for that time, and the coming of foreign helps, was expected.  
In the mean space, when all the enemy's companies, having called out garrisons on every side, (and hired citizen's for wages, set in order in their place) were come to Guittenbergue: and Sprang, and in the same place other soldiers looked for, who wintered at Rosendale, Spinola suspecting the delay of that time supposing that they did counterfetta coming, and that indeed he was but deluded, doth fortify Bolduke, Reinbergue, Wesell with garrisons which he had brought (which places he thought might partly be assaulted, to withdraw him from Breda.) He places in Bolduke five hundred which Baron Grobendonc Governor 
Reforce the town of Balaukt.  of that city had added for a supply to the company lately admitted, besides the old garrisons. He calleth seven companies of soot, from the Palatinat, which might help the town of Reinbergue, ne'er adjoining, but it was afterwards known by the letters of Maurice, which justinus Nassau had received, that all their companies sent to relieve and deliver Breda were not far of from our camps.  
These places therefore being provided for as aforsaid, 
Grave Mauric caused to fire our munition house.  Maurice having sent his spies sets on fire the church of Genick, (wherein were laid six thousand sacks of ground corn) with the measurer of oats dwelling ne'er, the fire by the greatness of the wind, took hold faster than it could be quenched. Two thousand sacks, (preserved by other sacks laid upon them) were found the day following without any detriment. Spinola nothing grieved for that mischance; above that which was meet and convenient 
The constance of the Marquis.  (sending purveyors about to buy corn) speedily repaired the loss.  
There were presented to Spinola by Vincentius Lasanius 
The care and assistance of the providor Lasanius.  chief keeper of the King's corn (beholding the fire) three thousand sacks of wheat, which he kept shut up in the camp against all mischances. The Hollanders so insolently wrote abroad of these losses, that what they reported to be consumed by the fire of one church can scarcely be contained with in the walls of six great churches. They feign the numbers which perished in that fire, to be two and twenty thousand sacks of wheat, and twenty thousand sacks of meal, six thousand of barley, four thousand of pease and beans, four hundred shoulders of bacon, and two hundred vessels of oil, two hundred barrels of butter, three hundred bundles of stockfish, two hundred barrel of herrings, two hundred barrels of salted beef, two hundred sacks of salt, three and twenty thousand cheese, a great quantity of flower, syrup, and honey. With these fables, related at the highest, the hollanders went about to maintain their own hope, and to spread abroad our poverty.  
Spinola admonished by letters of the danger of the store 
The Marquis gave strait order to look well to the ponder.  house, which the enemies went about to set afire, as lately they had done the Church doubling the watch, and cutting about another ditch, he caused it to be kept more cautiously having transported almost half the quantity of the powder, into another new store-house, lest if any danger happened, all should be burnt at once, and the army stand in want. 
Tributs imposed by the Hollanders.   
To prosecute that which rested of the war when the united, States understood, that the treasure house was especially to be provided for, whereof they sought to find some pretext, judging this to be enough to exact money; besides the tribute that long ago was set upon the head of every one, they exacted of all the cities and villages, the hundred part of all the prices and merchandise.  
Furthermore the confederates and their companions, asked to be numbered by representation, six hundred thousand crowns, and six hundred for letters of exchance, by the treasures which kept the counting hou-houses, 
Assistance of he confederates.  to be sent to be counted to the States. That quantity of money being gathered, there was enough for the enemy against that time we on the contrary, began to fall short of money in our treasure house; for when for the setting upon Genua the very same time, in which the King of Spain's armies were drawn forth, were before Breda, nor could be withdrawn from thence without disgrace, the french army passed the montaines like as conquerors, the fidelity of many negotiators, began to be incertain among foreigners (whom the terror of beseeching Genua did affright) and so that which the enemies long a go had plotted, which were at that time oppressed with great penury of money. divers means therefore were proposed for collecting money;  
They commanded the money of the year ensuing, to be 
Inventions to collect money.  borrowed of all the King's commons. The common impositions upon the cities, to be lent afore hand. To bargain with the Captains of the soldiers, that every one for every second month should pay their companies, their wages as from the King. If that should be a heavy burden, atleast the Captains themselves, and their Colonels (which did excel in their own riches) contented for two months without pay, should susfer them to go forth with their troops; which last thing many of the Captains seemed to promise, but was thought fit to be omitted for the present, lest the novelty should denote poverty. At last it pleased to lay in gage the King's revenues, upon condition of a rent, and by this means the soldier was assisted.  
About those days, the King of Spain to compose the new combustions of Italy, created Gonsalus Cordua General 
Den Gonzalo de Cordu● was sent for Master de camp general of Itallie.  of his army. Gonsalus had now been from the first beginning of the expedition, in the camp of Breda, and with him, and with Count Salazarius, Spinola consulted all his counsels, to others reserved, to these two uncovered. He although most expert in warlike affairs, and famous for the victory against Mansfeld, lately defeated and put to flight, yet he here showed himself to be of such behaviour, such as vellerius never painted for their modesty, in act, like to those that did nothing, attributing nothing, to himself, and by the same attaining all things; ever esteeming himself inferior to others, quiet in countenance and in life, and mind always watchful.  
News being brought at this time of the death of the King of England did not a little hinder the Hollanders and 
The death of the King of England  Mansfelds' enterprises. The English, running from their colours, daily in great numbers fled unto us. Mansfeld catching 
Henry of Nassaw joined all his forces.  any of ours by his soldiers, sent them back without exacting any ransom: affirming that he had no enmity with the King of Spain. Which thing Henry of Nassau noting, calling his companies from Rosen dale, and gathering together his garrisons from all the confines (as intending briefly to make an end of that business) lest by doing nothing, they should dream of a defection, ordained the 
And the Marquis commanded his force to approach nearer to the occasion,  bizonnos or young soldiers to be every day trained up in certain warlike exercices. Spinola, that he might have in due time, helps and companies in a readiness, commits to the charge of hoogstraet, Henry of Bergues with his horse, and with some of the Emperor's people, athousand horse of the duke of saxony and 3000. foot of the Regiment of Collato. He knows very well both the Castle and the incorporated. Town, and causeth it to be fortified. From thence he builds six greater forts, hard by the river of Hoogststrate, with certain spaces betwixt, them even to the camps of Breda. In these interualles or spaces (which met almost together) he placed perpetual companies of soldiers, to the end that in a short time, the whole army might meet the enemy at Breda or at Hoogstrate, as necessity should require. He places the Count of Anholt with the Germane helps, Carolus Coloma, and the Prince of Barbancone with the provincial companies, and with some other extraordinary, of 3000. foot, and 1500. horse in the neighbouring villages of Antwerp, Maclin and Lyre. By reason of the greatness of that army, and number of the horse, so great necessity began to grow of fodder, that the horses were fain to eat hors-dunge, or the dry leaves of the trees or of little shrubs. Oaths enough could not be brought, where with so many charrets, and beasts of burden, besides the saddled horses of the soldiers, might be sustained.  
The sudden arrival of the soldiers accustomed to more freer liberty, and unaccustomed to our discipline, not content 
Disorder of strangers.  with that former freedom of military theft, of a piece of money every day butrobed the houses, spoiled the villages, and begun to dishonour our army as if they were enemies; afterwards more insolent to call for their pay that was behind, as if otherwise they would refuse to serve us. Our companies, than which none had ever behaved them selues more innocently until that day, instructed rather to hate the enemies, then to hurt their own friends, began also to play (as the wits of soldiers are always prompt to vice) the same pranks which strangers, did in mischievous facts, and to accommodate themselves to their liberty. Spinola admonishing the Captains, supposing it meeter in such a time, rather to pacify, than to exaggerate the force of those fellows, ordained some few of their heads to be cut off, but advising secretly the Captains that they should ask pardon of him, forgave them the punishment, judging that that was not a time to take notice thereof. Whilst ours remain dispersed in these places, Maurice closed up the last day of his 
Grave morich ended his days.  life at Hage, happy in this respect, that he lamented not a live, the rendering up of his Breda. These are reported to be the last words he spoke in this life after which he uttered not so much as one wourd. Is Breda rendered, or freed? that every one might plainly understand, that he was killed with the grief ofloosing that city, the glory of the recovering whereof in times past, had got him honour and renown, and for the defence whereof, at his own and the States incredible cost, he had stirred up almost all Europe.  
Henry Frederick of Nassau, brother to Maurice, a Prince very exquisite in warlike art, and in all urbanity, was chosen by the consent of the States to administer war in the 
Hinrie Federtque of Nasaw his brooter was elected in his place.  place of him that was deceased. In that interval of time, on which hollis days were made for Maurice, and in which a new Commander was appointed for the army, many of our Provincial companies, weary of the war, departed home from their standing places; also not a few of the ancient horsemen, disgusted with the hardness of the war, for the te diousnes of expecting their wages, forsook their colours. So the French daily in greater number, came unto us in great troops from Mansfelds' army, complaining 
Sedition in the quarters of Mansfelt.  that they were cozened by him with hope of assaulting the Palatinat, nor in seven months' space, had received so much as one penny. Some of these men's voices were there plainly heard to say, that they would not go against Marquis Spinolaes' army if in case they should be led. A young Frenchman, by trade a Pothegarie, apprehended in Mansfelds' camp, being to have solicited some of his fellow citizen's to run away, tied unto swift horses, and torn in pieces, gave up the ghost.  
Our soldiers at Breda, speaking with the besieged out of the watch, made a coveant, that no piece should be shot in the mean while, (so that of two armies, one seemed now to be made) afterwards flooted one another. That ours gave 
The centryes of Breda spoke with ours.  unto them a little Tobacco or cheese. They unto ours, morsels of their own bread.  
After a few days, the new Commander of the war, Henry of Nassau Prince of Orange being returned to the camp, 
The besieged took a great comfort at the election of their new general.  the besieged rejoicing at the ne'er approaching of the succours, shot balls more liberally in to our army. One in Spinolaes' tent, (he being then absent) getting in through 
The Marquis escaped two dangers.  the roof of the house, took away the Canopy of the bed, and broke in pieces two tables in the chamber, that as in times past, the horslitter of Augustus (being admonished by his friend to go out of the tent) was by the meeting of the enemy, thrust through and torn in pieces, as though he had been laid therein. Scarce four days after, when Spinola to discover places, sitting upon a white horse, road ne'er unto the city, the ball of a great Canon, broke the bridle under his horse's mouth, leaving the raynes in his hand: that it is to be believed, that either the chief Commanders of war, are in a morce secure protection of almighty God, or by how the less any one spareth himself in battle, seemeth to be so much more the safer.  
Spinola having over-passed these dangers, calling 
The Marquis fortified with the next adjoining troop.  together the troops of the adjoining companies, places them, with in and without, in diverse parts of the trench. He places Count Anholt, in the outmost parts of the camp of Ballancon against the plain of Oosterhout, by which it was thought Mansfeld would breack through. He opposed Beawoix against the late companies of Maurice, towards the villadge of Mede. He made john of Nassau commander of the plain of Champen  
The Baron of Ainse, he placed under the title of a Colonel, made chief commander of the parttcular companies of the Germans, behind the camps of Genike to defend the standing place of the horsemen; he distributed the rest in other places. Te commanded the troops of horsemen, to come to defend the quarters, having daily doubled their numbers, and to repair to their standing places, for the defence of the camp, and he was often afterwards at the night watch, especially on that side, on whiych he doubted 
The valour where with he proceeded.  the enemy would break through, whiter he betook himself every night. until the enemy retured back.  
Never at any time did the virtu of this Noble man more show itself. The in nightly watches, or his sleep interrupted betwixt while, never made him the less affable. Being awakened, he looked with such lively eyes, he listened with so attentive a mind, that he seemed not to have ssept at all: and he as soon recovered his sleep, as he was awaked, so securely slept he, all his carees being so well husbanded. In his apparel, he was negligent of all curious trimming, and careless of adorning himself, even in the dignity of a general. Touching the cruelty of the season, and the weather; and whether it rained, or snowed, or freesed, or blue, or wheter it were evening or midnight, he cared not. He often times sustained hunger, two days together. His bed, was often in his coach, or in the poor cottage of some soldier. He made no account of his meat, of his rest, nor of his own body. The burden of his weighty affairs, was perpetual, and his labour above all belief. His mind was a conqueror of all difficulties, as his countenance almost the same, in adversity and prosperity, in whose peaceable mirth, the hope of the soldier might rest, secure his counsels he neither approved in his own opinion, nor communicated them, but where it was necessary. Not dejected upon a sudden, but by such as were made strong, by long delay. He was of singular silence. His believing of new advices, together with his distrusting of them, and as well his slow creduIitie, as his ready contempt of heavy rumours. To provide for, to consult, write, hear, command, to go about the camps, was like unto a daily pastime. Never did he pretend any excuse for his weariness; never forbid access unto him. He was familiar with the soldier, with clowns, with the scouts or spies, still conserning the honour, of a general; nor this but when need required. He bestowed more honour, and gifts upon those that were displeased or averted, who might corrupt the state of the war by their power, than he did upon his friends; having no fear of others malice.  
Three were taken in the village of Hage, who endeavoured 
〈◊〉 spi●s were taken.  to carry into the city, a huge bundle of letters, also a good quantity of Tobacco, and flagons of oil (wherewith to cure the scurvy:) they, hid the letters of Henry Prince of Aurange, written to justine, in the woods, whilst they were taken One being put to the question, who at other times had often passed through our camps unto the city, 
The letter of Hinry de Nas●w to ●ustino.  through the carelessness of our watch: he through the pain of the torment, told of the place and of the letters. Henry wrote thus unto justine.  
Maurice his brother, to be dead. That in his place, he was created general of the army by the States; That that accident, should nothing the more hinder the supplies: that he would come with his army (which could not be made ready, nor march forward sooner) after three days, in the village of Dungens, two leagues from the city, whence from the top of the Tower, they might see them: that he would do and attempt all things for the raising of the siege. That he only should itch out the victuals, by measuring and diminishing of them, and confirm their patience, setting before their eyes, the desire and good will of so great and so choice an army, and the excessive expenses of the States. That he should also write unto him, on what side, or by what means, he thought Spinolaes' camps might more easily be broken through: for which purpose, he should conjoin all his studies and his forces, to his coming to him with his supplies.  
The besieged, who received letters brought privily to them, of the same tenor, with these news, conceived joy, mingled with sorrow. The news of the supplies, caused joy; the dead of Maurice, that most prudent and vigilant Prince caused sorrow. They looked far and ne'er abroad in the fields, from the top of the Tower: the succours being perceived, 
In vain they rejoiced.  they rune together: joy was made amongst them, and the minds of all were raised up to hope. With a horn, they begin to blow-forth our flight from the Tower; they called unto us from the walls, that we would gather up our trinkets: forgetting themselves, and that their Breda was a prey for us: we, not they, being the hunters of this wild beast.  
After that the enemy's army was planted in the village of Dungense, Henry of Nassau, going about to draw his army 
Hinrie of Nasawe in vain tented the to wre of osterhaut.  nearer too ours, came to assault the Tower of Oosterhaut (which one and twenty Burgondions, kept for the use of discoveric) sending before no small troop of foot and horse, casting abroad some balls of wild fire. The burgundiones, refusing to yield themselves unto the enemy, 
Not with standing the burgondianes being f●ow in number they had the viciorte of the enemy.  chose first to try all fortune, then to make a base rendrie, upon no conditions formerly made. The enemies breaking the gates with apattarr, casting fire into the Tower and into the Church, (when they could do nothing more) effecting nothing, did depart. Five of the Borgondians were slain, and seven were consumed with fire. Of so great a number of the enemy, many were wounded, and many slain, whom ours killed with the throwing of stones, when they (for fear of burning) wisely threw their powder down from the top of the Tower: and so with a small company, a great army was withstood. The burgondiones, with their burnt faces, anointed with cerusa and with ointment showing their fair wounds, were honoured by Spinola, with the representation of a pension, to 
They received apremi● for their valour and virtue.  each one and colours given to the Sardgent who was chief over them.  
Num. 13.  


A. Agger Gertrudibergensis.  
B. Agger Sevenberganus.  
C. Statio Caroli Roma.  
D. Castra Pauli Baglioni.  
E. Castra nupera Mauritij in pago Medensi.  
F. Agmen hostile.  
G. Stagna palustria.  
H. Flumen Merka.  
I. Sepes ligneae quatuor in ipso flumine.    
Num. 13.  


A. Agger Gertrudibergensis.  
B. Agger Sevenberganus.  
C. Statio Caroli Roma.  
D. Castra Pauli Baglioni.  
E. Castra nupera Maurity in pago Medensi.  
F. Agmen hostile.  
G. Stagna palus tria.  
H. Flumen Merka.  
I. Sepes ligneae quatuor in ipso flumine.     

Number XIII.  
In the Ides of May, after midnight, Henry of Nassau, to try his fortune, although with some detriment received, 
Hinry of Nassawe attempted our quarteres,  yet the chief of his army being safe, caused the utmost camp of the village of Heyden (a place dificult to be paste throw be reason of the situation and works and far un fit) to be assaulted: be reason there was no way but to narrow dikes coming from the bordering towns of Sevenbergue and Guittenbergue. He cutting their river sliding betwixt, and a little trench from without, being cut betwixt two dry ditches, was fortified with atrenche and with a fort the new general of an ordinary form. But desirous of obtaining fame, and inflamed with the emulation of his brother's fortunatnes, had conceived all hard things, to be easy. By this dike therefore, of Gittenbergue he sends before the most expert English shot, and two hundred pikemen 
The assaulting of the Inglesh.  of the rer-ward, all armed, with arms of proofs Colonel vere Englishman being their leader, whom other English did a company, the French, and Germans following after, that so they might preserve the English; all amounted almost to the number of six thousand. There artillery and 
The order where with they marched.  baggage came in the rergarde: the horsemen stood on the side. Henry Nassau himself, standing in the midst of his army, expected what would be the event.  
Spinola discovering that design, sent speedily to admonish Paulus Ballionus and Carolus Roma, whose troops 
Of which the Marquis was advertised.  lay in those quarters, that they should be by and by in arms. They suddenly place the watches and the guards in their standing places, dispose the soldiers, advertise all the Captains and Lieutenants, and prepare all other things needful to be used. Before the break of the day, the companies of the enemy came, and swiftly beat down the soldier that stood sentinel before the camp, before he could advertise his fellows that were behind him: that error had been remedied, if but one horseman had watched in the Dike, and perchance by so little a solicitude, that whole army of the enemy, might have been cut in pieces: at least it cannot be doubted, but that the, slaughter had been greater than it was. The English with excellent courage of mind and audacity setting upon the first little redout, by casting balls of wild fire, drive away the Standerd-bearer, with a few Italians which were therein, and slaying some, got on the walls. Then placing shot behind the redout, and being got down into the ditches, of the same for the defence of those that went before planting more force in the haulf moon did succeed with the like audacitee and felicity, 
Arrived to the fort.  and endeavour to inter in with their colours at the flank of the fort, and with hands and feet to scale the walls. The ladders and the grapples were left by the fearful carters in the rearguard of the march, who when they durst not advance the wagons, they fled away for fear of the canons thus the success of great attemprs, little things do often interrupt. even than we also found the defect of our little, reduts and of our ditches, whereto if stoccadoes, with a just distance, had been prefixed (as it was appointed, but was ommitted, either by oblivion, or by the difficulty of bringing materiales) neither had the enemy so easily entered, nor could have cast those balls of wildfire, nor could have lain lurking in the ditches against the canons.  
The Italians therefore, who defended the trench of the dike of Sevenberg, (retired) admitting the enemy to approach 
The Inglish sought most Valiantly.  nearer, left that little fort empty unto them, when, being open on that side, they in no wise could defend it.  
The English fought with this resolution, that it seemed to them they should get no other time than this for their enterprise; nor was any courage wanting in them. Carolus Roma, sardgent mayor of the Regiment of Marquis of Campolatare sent Captain Camillus Phoenices, whilst his were in need of help with a company for the defence of the little redout: but he, could neither by his coming cause those that fled to stand, nor could himself withstand the enemy's violence. so that the supplied succour, augmented the peril. But when Carolus Roma saw him to retire, with others beat 
Valour of carlos Roma.  back from the redout, pulling away the shield from the arm of one that returned (because himself came without one) first vnsheathing his sword, and with his shield renewing again the declining fight, setting upon the English strongly resisting with a Cesarlike courage, more generously sent them back from whence they came, and stayed their violence. Then they threw themselues down by heaps, who 
The enemy were defeated.  from the fort, those who had cast ours from thence, some began to come to themselves again: many fell wounded, and slain outright: not a few sought to escape and save themselves thorongh the marshes: he who endeavoured to carry the colours into the fort, pierced with a pike, ended his life: three, who had invaded their strength next adjoining the fort were slain before the door of the fort: all the rest, who fought hand to hand, having their heads and necks almost cut off, died of so fair wounds, which fair death they deserved for fight valiantly, worthy to have overcome, unless ours had fought more bravely, as also for a better cause. They which stood further off, were maimed with the continual strokes of the greater canons, for the most part rend and slain in miserable wise, in their hands, feet, and heads; when scarce any ball was shot in vain at them, so 
There great destruction.  heaped together, which slew not feowe by reason of the diverse turnings of the ditch. The hindmost English and French, could hardly follow the foremost for the narrownes of the ditch but a returning being made, they might; so had they thronged themselves together. Which being noted, ours enforcing them, they by little and little did retire back: so much the presence of Henry of Nassau was of force, that 
The retiringe of the enemy.  they should not be troubled with terror or danger. The retreat therefore, was nothing more trouble some, than the coming on, so well did all of them keep their orders. Above all others in that battle, the most excellent courage of cornel Vere, standing foremost in the company, was admired. 
The constance and valour of Coron●l Very.  He stood still with the self same undaunted constancy of mind, amongst the balls that were thick discharged, placing new for those that retired, whole for the hurt, fresh for the wearied, until the fight, with a slow encounter on either side, was ended: although it appeared, that each one was so well exercised in war, that what was meet to be done, they could no less fitly prescribe to themselves then be taught by another.  
Num. 14.  
Agger Oosterhautanoe planiciei impositus.  
Agger Castello Beawoxiano adiunctus advorsus planiciem Oosterhautanam.   

Number XIV.  
Spinola viewing those places which the enemy had got fortified them with stoccadoes, and shut up all entry to the 
More fortifications were made.  ditch on both sides of the water with this foursquare fortification, and with other works of that kind where he commanded also more artillery to be placed. Furthermore the old trench, which lay over against the shrub of Oosterhout, almost of the length of two thousand paces, he commanded to be strenghtned with a thicker wall, against the shot of the canons, adding some new bulwarks made without side, and changing the old ones. And as that space was great (which was contained in the distance betwixt Hage and Heyden) he filled with much foot and horse, building great houses of straw and clay for standing places,  
The news of this victory (lest the besieged should not know it) our soldiers published from each adjoining trench, crying out in soldiarlike mirth, that succours were sent unto the city. The besieged smitten at the hart with this report, when they neither saw succours come, and the fresh 
The besieged did endure great hunger and misery.  remembrance of Maurices' loss occurred, and the soldier now eat hors-flesh, and other victuals grew daily dearer, so that a pound of butter was sold for twelve shillings, a Calf of seventeen days old, for eight and forty shillings, a little hog, for eleven pound ten shillings, a pound of Tobaco, for ten pound: that the granaries and the chests of all, were once again narrowly searched, and some who were found to had hid some corn, was taken from them into custody: it was forbidden to the bakers, upon a penalty, to sell no bread but only to the Officers of the war: the officers, to give no more every day, but half a pound of bread to the soldier: that all were forbidden to have any bread twice baked (because it so might be kept whole, and hid, the longer) for these things so me be gone to break up the bakers houses wherefore an uproar being begunn betwixt 
They begon a●alteration and great rumour.  the French and the English had not been for the great care of there Coronelles but by and by, three of the authors being put in to prison, and the former liberty granted of buying bread, the sedition was appeased before it was diuulged. The Governor, and the commanderes, by admonishment retained others in their duty, concerning all the vices of their garrisons, no otherwise then the wounds of their own bodies yet after a little while, when necessity compelled them once again, to visit all the barns and granaries, 
〈…〉 but very little store of bread.  the city being divided into two and thirty barns (lest any little cottage should be pretermitted) no more than five and twenty measures of meal were found.  
Num. 15. OBSIDIO BREDAE PERFECTA.  


A. Statio Marchionis Spinola.  
B. Statio Magistri Equitum.  
C. Statio Baronis Barhanconij.  
D. Statio Comitis Isenburgici.  
E. Statio Pauli Bullionij.  
F. Statio Baronis Beawoixij.  
G. Statio Caroli Roma.  
H. Statio Comitis Anholtini.  
I. Aggeres tormentarij interni.  
K. Interior circulus.  
L. Niger Agger, ut vocabant.  
M. Agger nows duplici sepe.  
N. Stagna arte facta.  
O. Fossa a Marchione iacta longitudine 2200. pedum ad derivandas aquas.     

Number XV.  
Henry of Nassau, seeing the slaughter of the English, 
The Prince of orange was much troubled.  smitten, and doubtful what he should do whilst he keepeth those in his camp he had received, and had lost many by flight, takes council with his, whether he should again make an irruption amongst us, or whether by another, or by the same passage, or rather whether he should refrain. Spinola with all his companies ne'er at hand, expecting the 
But the Mar queses was very vigilant.  enemy borth by day and night, did that especially, that he might understand by some sign, what at last Nassavius resolved. Our messenger being most nimble, seeming fit for this purpose, to the end he should be known to Nassavius, as he was to Maurice; therefore by practice he came into knowledge. when he was kept. secretly in our camp, his 
Another fraud of aclwne is wife.  wife going into the camp to Henry of Nassau, complaining much of a sickness which her husband had got, by carrying Maurices letters to Breda, through the winter waters, demands the rest of that which was promised, but was yet unpaid He joyful of the getting of a faithful messenger, promiseth to pay more liberally, if now her husband would carry one letter for him into the city, as he had done many of his brothers. The woman allegeth her huslands sickness, and the danger. At last the woman consents not unwillingly, and yet as it were against her will, promises to do her best to persuade him. The wife departs; the husband 
He also decey ved hinry of Nasawe.  returns half lame, as though his feet had been spoiled with the winter frost. Henry of Nassau, agrees with the man, as he thought faithful, and delivers him his letters to carry into the city to justinus, The messenger said, that he promised to perform a very difficult matter; and receiving the letters with a reward, he so departs. Having received them, he presently brings them into the camp to Spinola, and rewarded with a perpetual stipend, he departs.  
Henry in those letters, advised justinus, of the late overthrow he had received, whilst he set upon the fortificiones 
A copy of the contents of the letter to justino  of heyden. From that day, he saw us also entrenched on every side with a stronger trench, which could not possibly be broken through. That he remembered, for how few days the besieged now had victuals left them. wherefore, lest by delaying of time he should at last be compelled, to receive some disgrace with his companions, he should provide betimes, nor would he by his overgreat pertinacity, overthrow the fortunes of all. That having received these letters, he should give a sign, by discharging at midnight three canons, and by the signification of fires made from the Tower, an hour after, how many day's provision the besieged yet had left them. Assuring him in the mean space, that if any occasion of bringing help, offered itself, that it should be embraced of him, and of the whole army.  
There came first into the city, another copy of the same letter, before either Spinola had received his, or had understood 
john hanin a silder of stirub by day came to our camp with letters  it, by reason of the difficulty to explicat the notes wherewith it was written. A certain horseman of the Count of Styres, very skilful in all the ways, in open day, escaped by our army into the city, whom those of Breda seeing coming, received him joyfully with the discharging of nine 
From the to wre by signs of fire they signified for who many day they had victuals  canons. That nightly sign therefore of the sound of the three premised canons was first made, before we could certainly know what it signified albeit we suspected. They alighted fire eleven times, showing that they had victuals left, only for so many days.  
At that time, his Excellency William wolfangus, Duke of Baviaria, juliers, Cleve, and Montz, returning from 
Welfango Guillielmo Duke of bautar 〈…〉 and bergas came to our camp.  Spain, came into our Camps with desire to see the same. Spinola went before to meet him coming far from the camp, and departing from his own Tent, he received so Excellent a man, with as much show of love as he possibly could. He congratulated him, with a festival sound of all the canons, and with the other applauses of military joy. After on other days, being led about all the works, he much admired the greatness and strength of the siege. He related, that the King of France said unto him (by whom he passed as he returned) he could not believe, that Breda would be taken by Spinola by that siege: yet at that time many 
The King of France is opinion touching this siege.  things promised us a fortunate success of that siege, as, the continual flight of the french from Mansfeld, the delay in relieving the enemy, the scarcity of victuals within the city, the conflicts of the besieged with sicknesses, so great a dearth of medicaments, that of the Tobacco that 
Tobaco was wonderful dear.  was brought, although else where it cost but four crowns a pound was sold in the city for twenty pounds, which remedy they used against the scurvy: besides that space of days, above six hundred horse were driven from the enemy's camps, being ill looked unto, as they graed.  
This booty, when Monsieur of Marquet, leftenant of the horse, had hoped to requite, he prepares in number sixty eight companies of horse, to set upon our convoys with all at unawares. Sending therefore Captain Randwick 
The enemy set upon our convoy.  before with six companies, the rest lying hid in ambush, set upon the carriages) who without convoys contrary to Count Bergues commandment, took another way) drove away the horses, ransacked the charrets and the pacques, and poured out the provision. Henry of Bergues, wary of perils, albeit he were ignorant of this voyage, had all ready commanded some companies of horse, to watch all the passages of the ways, lest the enemies should break through by some places at unawares. which that it might be done the more assuredly, first he charged very straight that no Captain, when the watch was, should be absent from his company. Moreover, that he should place very far off from the camp, the standing place of the centeries. Next, that some watchers, should go a good space from the standing place before the company. Lastly, that some standing horseman, should watch before the other watchmen, to take notice of the enemies coming: which hearing, he should give a sign, and should retire unto the watch. They, seeing a greater troop, retired back to the standing place of the rest of the company. The company prepared their arms, and had fought, had not the number been unequal; but at last returned to the camp. By this means, both the coming of the enemy was hindered, and the watches, though placed a far off, retired themselves without danger, and it seemed the whole camp had time enough to arm itself,  
By chance that day, the enemy met with the Count Hermanus 
Valour of count Herman son to count Hindrick.  of Bergues, son to Henry of Bergues, a young man of a great spirit, and a pattern of his country's valour. He hearing (as he was ne'er at hand) a noise, and gathering together a small company he had, boldly flies into the midst of the troops of the despoilers, passing once, and again, through the midst of them, some he lays upon the ground, and both troubles and terrifies the others. These 
The enemy put to flight.  he puts to flight: those admonish others of the coming of all our horse, and so were their minds preoccupated, with the fear and flight of the first, as that they thought nothing of resisting. They forsake their horses, they throw down their burdens, and leaving the prey, they depart. The enemies gathering so many companies together, in so long a time of the siege, in so wicked and long iorneiss, yet could never intercept so much as one convoye. 
The enemy all the time of the sage coul de not obtain victory in breaking of any of our convoys.   
Henry of Nassau, not slow in his affairs, lest he should pretermit (as he had promised) any industry to raise the sige, sent some boors and country clowns, corrupted with money and with promises, to set a fire, if they could; our camps, and store house wherein our warlike furniture was kept. Spinola catching some in cendiaries provideth that his compes receive no detriment.  
Henry of Nassau, attempting all things in vain, and setting the tents of fire in the village of Dungens, the sixth of the calends of june, retired by night into Langstrate, the tempest of the night, the blusteringe of the winds, and a terrible 
The Prince of Orange out of hope.  shower of rain, did denote by many titles that obscure enterprise. The soldier could scarce stir his foot, the canons stuckfast in the mire, the squadrones were disordered.  
Spinola, understanding of this departure, thought good to 
Count Henry in the Marquis name lought that they should yield ●rcome to composition.  admonish justine Nassau, by the letters of Henry of Bergues (because he was both joined in blood to the house of Nassau, and understood the country manners and language of the country) what he was to hope for of the succours of the city now retired. Bergues therefore writes to justine, and promises upon Spinolaes' word, that he would bring to pass, that they should be received to mercy upon honourable conditions, if they would treat of a composition: wherefore that at a certain time and place he would vouchsafe 
justinus de Nassau is 〈…〉 The letters of Nassau b●ing prudency found out by the Marquis were sent by Count Hendrick to lustino.  to come out of the city, to talk with him.  
justinus (lest by being overhasty, he should somewhat touch his reputation) sending back a trumpeter, makes him answer. How it stood touching the supply of succour, that he was but three days passed advised by the letters of Henry of Nassau. If he knew any thing more, that he would not disdain to advise him by letters; that he was troubled with 
By which he promised to render.  an ague, and could not go forth. The next day after, Spinola gave the letters themselves of Henry of Nassau to be sent 
And the Marquis the honourable conditions presented by Count Henrick to whom he gave full auctoritis.  to justinus, enfolded as they were in obscure characters, and another copy of them in known characters, to Henry of Bergues to be carried, advising him not to delay the rendering any longer, justinus perceiving, that all his own designs, and his friends, were discovered, gave thanks to Henry of Bergues for his good will towards him, and promises, that he would compound with Spinola, so it were with honourable conditions, whereof his so brave companions and citizen's, without doubt seemed worthy (and which he had written upon his word) had decreed to covenant.  
Henry of Bergues, having obtained Spinolaes' letters, wherein he promised to justinus, to the soldiers, and to the citizen's of Breda, honourable conditions of rendering, if now they would cut off precisely without further delay, nor require a longer day; he sent them presently to justinus, affirming (as it was written in those letters) leave to be given of treating of all things after his pleasure: wherefore, that he should the next day come to meet 
The works ceased.  them out of the city half way and declare what conditiones he required, to be put in writing his and our guards standing near adjoining.  
To that very time, the compass of our inward trench, by the perpetual diligence of our shipmen and our soldiers, was yet a working, neither did there remain much to do, but it had been fully finished; when the workmen by chance espied the Count of Bergues, with a soldiarlie mirth they demand of him, to what purpose it was to make an end of that trench, if now they treated of a composition? He had scarce bid them leave off, when they throw away their shovels, leaping for joy, more inclined to take their ease then to labour. justinus having received both these of 
And having read the letters of the Marquis and of count Hendrick.  Spinolaes' and of Bergues, calling together the council of war, proposeth the business. It is concluded to return answer. That those things which Spinola and Bergues promised. where about the Magistrates being consulted, sending 
Time and place was ordained for to treat of this matter.  their letters, they beseech Henry of Bergues, the next day after at seven of the clock to come from the camp, and sending trumpeter, to admonish them of the place where, they should meet him: and that there should come from the city, which should request conditions in the names of all.  
The day after, which was the last of May, Henry of Bergues, accompanied with much nobility, at the hour appointed, goes forth of the camp, and sending a trumpeter, advertiseth justinus of his coming. They with whom they were to treat, issuing out of the city, the Count of Bergues commands the Nobility, to stand a far off, and goes forward alone only in the company of Routartius, the Kings, and the Marquis Spinolaes' Secretary. Standing in the midst, the Legates approached, and the Seargent may or Case Deyden, Captain Zouche, Aertsenius Consul, and a few Magistrates: lastly Colonel Hauterivius came. These letters of assurance being given, they presented in writing the conditions of the accord. Of these it was disputed too and 
Those of the town presented certain articles.  fro, nor were there but two articles to be rejected, and a third doubted of. The meeting being dissolved, the conference was deferred till three a clock in the afternoon. By dinner ours were ready betwixt the outward fortification, under a Tabernacle spread a broad for that purpose. (all looking in heaps from the walls. Here they began to treat of the begun composition, and that was denied which disliked in 
The Marquis and Count Hendrick agreed upon the articles excepting two.  the morning: to wit, of granting liberty of conscience to the heretical citizen's, and of burying their bodies in hallowed places. Next it was disputed, about four greater canons, and two murdering pieces, to be brought out with the safeguard. Which seemed little to the besieged, but yet too much to Henry of Bergues.  
Routartius therefore is sent to Spinola, to ask of him what 
The liberality of the Marquis with the besieged.  he thought. Spinola answered, that he would not deny them of such a small matter. The besieged glad of the answer gave him thanks. Things being brought to that pass, a present was brought forth. By and by justinus Nassavius Governor of the city, and other Captains with the principal Nobility which was therein, came. Ours also, who were in great number not far off, being gathered together, saluted one another 
Compliments.  with glad congratulations.  
In the Calends of june captain dieden which was of 
The agreement was brought to be singned.  the company of the prince was sent to Spinola with a double copy of the agreement, to set his hand on both, and he would by and by bring back the other, subsigned by justinus, and to be sent back, retaining the other. Then were there a hundredeth and twenty wagones' asked and three score ships, to carry away the sick and the whole, and their household stuff. More wagons were granted then were demanded, and as many ships as werein the river of Breda. Next pledges were given on both sides. By those of Breda, 
The wagones' and ship pes demanded were granted.  the Sergeant mayor de la Caze, and Ogle Captain of the English foot. By Spinola, Franciscus Losanus, and Carolus Philippus le Count, Captain of the Germane companies, were given for pledges. And these were the articles of the agreement set down in writing, by which Breda was rendered to the King.  


I.  
The Governor of Breda, the Coroneles Captain's Lieutenants, and other Officers belonging to the war, the soldiers, 
The conditions the Governor and officeres of Breda demanded.  whether they served on horse or foot, that they be permitted to depart out of the city. That power be given of departing to all such as, are armed after the accustomed ma●er of war with their colores displayed the drums beating. after the accustomed sound. That the horsemen be suffered to depart, with their standards displayed, there trumpetes sounding after the accustomed manner, all armed, with their balls in their mouths, their matches alighted on both ends with their beltes of powder, with fiery touch and furnished with a number of bullets; the horsemen sounding their trumpets, their flags displayed, armed, and carrying (as they are wont to go against the enemy.) That none of the pensionaries be detained (of what nation soever.) for any cause (albeit they had in times past taken pay of the King of Spain, or of the Archduke, or of the Infanta Isabel.) That all be permitted to go by the shortest and most commodious journey to Gittenbergue in Holland, without any interruption, offence or injury, safe in life, in body, weapon's, horses, vessels and carriages (by that covenant of promise which was meet.) Moreover, that leave be given to bring forth their wives, children, and family, household goods, vessels, horses, wagons, the weapons of the soldiers, dead, sick, or run away, with out any obligation, of let, upon what pretext soever.   

II.  
That the preachers of the word, the Overseers, the common people, and their scriveners, their Architects or Ingineres, the judge of the military Senate, the ingineres of the fireworks, the Lieutenant of pioneers, the canonnieres, the Chyrurgians of the bands and troops the workmen applied about the engines, the mariners, the letter-carriers, the overseers of the works, the Provost marshals, the pioneers, the carpenters and smiths, the providers of victuals and all other workmen of forts and engines, their wives, children, servants, horses, weapons be contained in the former article, and enjoy the same favour.   

III.  
That all ships what soever shall be found for the present in Breda, arrived as well for the Captains of war, as for others, be dismissed with all their necessary instruments, into Holland. And let them be governed by their one mariners, and be loaden as well with their families, as with their household stuff, armour, movables; also the carriages of the Coroneles, Captains, Lieutenants, and other officers of war; Let them be filled with the sick, and the keepers, and others who shall desire to sail into Holland by that opportunity. That therefore the passages of thestopt river be laid open, for twelve days, from the first day of signing the agreement, before they go out of their garrison; to the end that the ships v may safely take their journey with their loading, and with other things which shall be in them, whilst they appleed themselves to other acts of war at Blaec, from whence they may retire themselves whether they please, as who by right having charge of the movables, might render them to their owners whose they were. Granting the space of twelve days, that the ships be free from all injuries, provokements, and abuses, nor that either they or their wagoners, be diverted or disturbed from their course. That it shall be unjust to cause them to desist, upon what pretext soever But if, either because the river be not open, or for that it be not navigable, their journey shall not be hindered, by that delay, nothing shall be abridged of the space of the granted twelve days, but all that to be granted to them void and free, that the mariners; and others (to whom it may be more commodius) may safely take their joiney by river, or ne'er the river. But if some of these ships would tarry at Breda, let them notwithstanding be sent to transport the carriars, and the carriages of the convoy before they presently return to their owners.   

IV.  
That the full number of wagons (which the Governor of Breda shall require) to carry to Gittenbergue the burdens and baggage of the Colonels Captains and officers of war, and other soldiers of defence (and who from thence shall be brought back into the camps of Genike, by the interposition of a public promise) to be supplied by the Marquis Spinola.   

V.  
That the Governor have leave to carry away together with the convoye, four canons and two murdering pieces, such as he shall make choice of, together with all that which belongeth to them, and as many balls and powder, as shall be needful to shoot off every one six times. And to carry those canons with all their wheels and instruments, by land, or by water, as he shall think good, and as shall be best for his commodity. The Marquis Spinola lending for this purpose, horses charrets and wagons, together with wagonners, (if they shall be requested by the Governor) to draw the canons, the murdering pieces, together with the wheels and instruments belonging to then.   

VI  
That the Prince of Aurange have lean, to carry all his movables, which he hath either in the Castle or in the city, in to such place or country, whether he, orany other (to whom, the care of them shall be committed) Or that they be kept for a while in the Castle of Breda, until such time as the Prince of Aurange dispose of them, at the least for half a years space. And that their ships and shipmen coming from Holland to fetch them, free passage to be given, no impediment being offered.   

VII.  
If perchance any of them, comprehended in the two first articles, cannot for lack of health, goeforth of the city, together with the convoye, that to such leave be given of remaining in the city with their wives, family and servants without hurt, until they have recovered their health and strength. Then also at the first, opportunity, to give them favourable letters for their departure, that so they may go safely where the please.   

VIII.  
That no officer of war, or soldier, or Lieutenant of a company, whether he shall provide himself to depart together with the convoye, or after his sickness recovered (as if he were comprehended in none of the former articles) shall be retained, but in favour of the former points, every one shall be suffered to depart freely. And that the creditors content themselves with the only words or writings for payment of their dettors.   

IX.  
The Governor, captains and the rest of the Officers of war, the soldiers already contained in the articles v, or other who soever, bound by stipend and service to the united States, which shall have any houses in Breda, farms, inheritances, or movables (comprehending likewise the Captains, Officers, the companies of horse of the Count of Culcnburge, of the Count of Stir, and of Monsieur de S. Martin, with the widows and children also of the same or of other companies, which for these two years hence betook them to the city for safeguard) shall have a year and a halves space, counting from a month after the subsigning to the agreement, wherein they may at their pleasure, carry away their goods, sell, pledge, alienat, change, and occupy according to the law and common custom. Furthermore, that they shall enjoy all that space of time, the revenues of their pensions, the profit of what they let out, with the other fruits of their inheritance, due or to be due: to the full of all things pertaining to them with in the city.   

X.  
The soldiers whether of garrison, or of the camp (who whether they are detained prisoners in the city or in the camps) as soon as the conditions shall be signed, shall be sent back without paying any ransom, but only the value of their expenses made by agreement.   

XI.  
Against the garrisons, no action shall be made of ask again any spoils, but all booties shall be reputed all their own.   

XII.  
After the articles of the composition are signed it shall be lawful for the Governor of Breda to send them by some man of known trust, to the Prince of Aurange.   

XIII.  
The conditions being made, there shall be a truce, yet both shall contain themselves in their fortifications as before; whether shall it be lawful to approach either by day or night.   

XIV.  
First that the pledges be given two by two before the garrison depart they shall follow the companies to Gittenbergue, and shall remain there the space of twelve days, until the river be opened, and the covenants be accomplished. That time being past, if none of the covenants be broken, they shall return.   

XV.  
The agreement being made: pledges shall be given on both sides, of like number and condition: and the city being rendered, ours shall be restored to us again.   

XVI.  
It shall be further granted, that the pledges given by the city of Breda, shall be sent back, as soon as the garrison shall be brought in, to march away together with the convoye.   

XVII.  
The Governor and the garrison of Breda do promise, to go forth of the city of Breda on thursday next, the fifth of june, early in the morning.  
We justinus Nassau promise to do our endeavours, that those things be kept, which are contained in the articles v, hitherto so far as they do appertain to us. In witness whereof, with the consent of the Colonels, Captains, and the council of war, we have subsigned the same this present day, the day after the calends of lune 1625.  
JUSTINUS NASSAV.    

The heads of the composition demanded of the Senate and people of Breda.  

I.  
That pardon and forgetfulness be both promised and performed, of all those things which were commirted by the citizen's and inhabitants of Breda, of what condition soever they be, whether committed before, or after the recovery of the city, in the year 1590. Let no man be enquired of, nor let no evil be inflicted upon any, no not upon pretext of treason, or any fault whatsoevet.   

II.  
That the citizen's and all the inhabitants have power, as well absent as present, of what condition soever they be whether subject to the service or oath of the States, or of the Prince of Aurange, or of the city, whether they be free to inhabit the city the next two years, their life in safety, no question made of their religion, no obligation to swear to another religion, whilst they lead a modest life, far from all offence, that they may deliberate for those two years' space, whether they please to make their residence there, or to depart. But if they shall resolve to depart, that they be suffered to go at their own pleasure. They shall also freely enjoy their own goods, that they may either carry them away sell, alienat, pawn, and engage them at their pleasure, or let them hire them to be received and governed by those that shall redeem them. That their goods who have died within or without the city, leaving their will behind them or not, come to the heirs appointed, or to the next of their kindred.   

III.  
That it shall be lawful for every citizen and inhabitant (whether he be bound, or free) who after these conditions agreed upon, it shall please to remove his dwelling, or to depart from the city for any other cause, to do this at what time he shall please, by what land, by what water, with his wife, children, family, household stuff, merchandise, and other movables, no impediment whatsoever being given, by no other, then by the authority of these covenants. And for those that will either make their abode, or will depart into any other kingdoms, regions, provinces, or neutral places, or subject to tributes, that it be free and lawful for them, either to make their abode or to retire themselves perpetually without any trouble of coming or going for their merchandise or affairs sakes, through cities and places subject to the King of Spain, and to have right and leave to dispose of their movables, and others, and of their own goods, according as they will them selues. But touching the Catholics returning again, and occupying their houses within the city, there is no deed of any other proviso than these present conditions.   

IV.  
They who to see to their affairs, shall go into the united provinces, to them leave shall be given four times a year to go thither (admonishing the Governor, of whom they shall necessarily receive authority of coming and going) which he, but upon just cause, shall not refuse. Next they shall return from thence within the space of two years from the grant of this agreement: that afterwards they may either go forward to inhabit the city, or to plant their dwelling in free places, or of tribute. And let them enjoy these places, no otherwise then those already spoken of, and the leave of coming and going, and what commodity soever of these cowenants.   

V.  
It shall be granted to the preachers of the word, to depart freely with their wives, children, family goods and movables, without all offence of damage. For these things, that wagons or ships be lent them, with time enough to dispose of their affairs.   

VI  
They shall be comprehended in this composition, who after the city shall be yielded, did serve the place of a Deacon: as also they, who boar any ecclesiastical office.   

VII.  
Also Stewards, Advocates, Substitutes, Treasurers, and others both citizen's and inhabitants, who either have charge of treasure, or of accounts, or paying of wages, or any other office, shall be contained in these conditions. And to have free power to depart with all their goods, household stuff, and writings: and further have right to use the benefit of this agreement, as of others.   

VIII.  
As many martiners as are in the city, who have their ships here, which they may take with them shall enjoy the same privilege,   

IX.  
If there shall not be ships and wagons enough provided, to serve the citizen's and inhabitants (who desire to depart together with their goods and household stuff) to them with in the space of two years, it shall be granted to send for from else where for ships and wagons, from Holland or other places, which may afterwards return freely in virtue of these conditions.   

X.  
That the citizen's and inhabitants of this city, shall be enjoined, with no burdens of impositions, more than are justly imposed upon those which dwell in greater or lesser cities through all Brabant.   

XI.  
That the garrison of horsemen and footmen be placed in the city, after the best manner that may be, and with the least damage that may be to the citizen's.   

XII.  
They shall also be contained in this covenant who soever shall be absent, either for their own or the city's affairs, that they may freely return into the city, and enjoy the covenants that are made. The country people also who fled into the city, shall be suffered to retire them safely into the country.   

XIII.  
He who being of another religion, within the time of two years agreed upon, shall dye in this city, that he be buried in some honourable place within an orchard in the city: or else according to the will of his kindred, that the corpse be carried out of the city where pleased him.   

XIV.  
The decrees of the Senate, and all the ordenances of the capital seat, not hitherto forbidden, be estableshed, and take effect.   

XV.  
Who soever heretofore hath lent money to the city, shall be suffered to receive the rent and to make exchange. And yearly that their revenues and their other affairs be assisted by the Senate by whom the revenues are to be paid.  
All these things whatsoever in this agreement are decreed and written, are agreed unto, ratified, and confirmed by the Marquis Spinola, and are subscribed unto by the legates of the city; the same Marquis promising, that he will endeavour that it be also ratified by the most Excellent Infanta of Spain, sealed with her broad seal, within fifteen days. Given the second of june 1625.    

Many, whose dispositions were bend to more sharper courses, hearing of so good and so favourable conditions, admired the Clemency of Spinola towards the enemy; and 
Many acused the bea●n gnitie of the Marquis  some also blamed this pardon. They said, that this should have been handled more seriously, and either to have put the besieged to the sword, or not to have received them to mercy, but upon rendering up their arms, who by their wilful pertinacity had brought themselves unto that point, that they had died of hunger, if they had been shut up but two days longer. And why should such favourable conditions be offered them of our free accord, to whom 
And the complaints they made.  even to give them their lives, was to grant them to great a benefit? That at least Spinola should have expected a little, whilst that had happened unto them, which ordinary happens to men through their overmuch partinacitie, to make them seek that, and earnestly to beg it, which at the first they contemned: and that they should first have craved a composition, before of our own accords it should 
The condition of pre●ces and particular personos are diferent.  have been offered to them. Next why the unhappy part of the citizen's should be suffered to go forth, safe with their household stuff and their goods, before that money were paid by the Senate to the Catholics remaining, which was ex torted by public and common oath, to 
The 〈…〉 was well related.  make the works, and to pay the soldiers stipend? So wisely seemed they to complain, who tied to their private opinions, are wont to measure with the self same measure, even the weightiest matters of government, not understanding that princes are to take another course, whose principal endeavours ought to be, to gain renown and the people's good will.  
But Spinola holding them to be more wise who are more gentle in cruelty, and that the fame of clemency, was to be preferred before the name of severity, not ignorant, how much better it was for the common good, speedily to release, then longer to detain the King's army before Breda (by reason of the stirs of French, Italians; Germane, and Danes) made more account of the gaining of a little time, then of the no great spoils of all Breda, or of so small disgrace of the enemies, who yet perhaps would have defended themselves: mindful of that old proverb, That it is better to be at the latter end of a feast, then at the beginning of afray. And truly he judged it more expedient to prefer the Majesty and clemency of his King (whose person he 
The general is bound to take 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 of his King more than of any particular glory of his own person.  bore in this place, than either his own glory, or desire of revenge. That he held it for a dishonour, of so great a number of provision left behind, and but little, gone away, for testimony of his long patience and approved virtues there remained in the city, forty three pices of ordnance (muskets) four hundred fifty, whereof also a hundred and fifty were suffered to be carried in the place of those that 
The munitiones which were in Breda.  were overcome. (hargubushes) three hundred, of powder a thousand one hundred thirty five pound; match thirty four thousand pound; of greater balls, two thousand; of lesser, an exceeding number; of balls of lead, forty thousand pound moulds to make balls of lead fifteen; granadoes two thousand one hundred; of greater (which they call Bombars) three hundred forty four; engines made to cast fire, a hundred and fifty; thirty barrels of pitch, powder, brimstone, bitumen; six barrels of great nails; long forks of iron, eleven thousand; of stakes with double forks, an innumerable number; shovels, four thousand; pickayes, or iron pikes to open the earth, sixteen hundred; whele-barrowes, which are driven by the hand, to carry earth, a thousand; five boats; four rolls of cable-ropes; forty grapples; horscollers, a hundred and thirty four score couple of cart-ropes; instruments made of fire, also innumerable; one linen bridge, or made of canvas, gabians of wood or hurdles, behind which the canons are placed, very many; nor fewer to dispatch the hasty bridge. Of all which a written catalogue was given to Thomas Wingardius master of the Artillery.  
Now the detts of the citizen's remaining, Spinola believed that the States ought to have so great care of, as of their own credit and authority, which should be utterly lost in the common wealth, if they but once deceived any one of the besieged citizen's; and therefore he was not careful hereof.  
Upon the fifth of june the day was appointed for the coming forth of the enemy's garrison. Wherefore Spinola 
The Marquis commanded that none of the soldiers should ● be the besieged.  forbade, that none by soldiarlike frumps or gibes, should use any disgrace to those that departed: so modestly did he suppose the victory was to be used. Abundance of wagons and boats, being prepared for that day, our soldiers were set to watch at three gates of the city and of the castle. Count Hermanus Bergues, with five companies of horse, went before the companies of the garrison departing, unto Gittenbergue. Also betwixt every ten wagons, went a little company of our horse, for the safeguard of the baggage. The troops of horse of Bergaignius, led another company of horse who enclosed them behind. In these two, scarcely were there any horse, besides the ensigns, so greatly were the horse decayed. The foot men went in the midst. Amongst these justinus went on horseback, one of the besieged, Carolus Philippus le Count, accompaining him. Every Captain had his own company, The Colonels went before the troops. The colours were borne displayed, the Trumpets sounding before them. The number of the foot, were three thousand (for the sick were carried away in boats) Truly they were a gallant company, whether one respect their persons, or their weapons, and of greater beauty than ours were to wit, they were lodged more stately and more at their ease then ours were, and had store of fire; neither did their bread fail, till the day that they departed.  
Spinola attended upon with a notable troop of Nobility, betwixt the inward circle of the city, and the trench, the conqueror himself beheld the beautiful pomp of his glorious triumph. He courteously saluted all the Captains 
The glorious triumph of his victory.  at their going forth, and first Naslavius the Governor, venerable for his grey hairs, his wife and children, the son of Emanuel of Portugal, and two bastards of Prince Maurices and they again with constant composed countenances and voices, and with a modest inclining of the banners, saluted him. No ignominious voice of provoking one another was once heard, but smiled with favourable countenancs. The 
He was no less courtens in giving thanks.  companies being past all oppressed with the congratulations of all the standers by and running thick together, admitted the duties of common courtesy, no more cheerfully, then modestly, according to every ones due praise, for his labour assigned and industry, in so great and so long difficulty of the siege. johanes Medici's was sent to Isabel the Infanta of Spain, who related to her the joyful departure of the garrison; to whom Isabel gave a rich colour of gold and adia 
Headuertised of the victory the Infanta and the King of Spain.  mant being indeed a Princely reward.  
Ferdinandus Guzmannus, master de camp of a Spanis Regiment, was sent with the same news into Spain to Philip the fourth. Theodorus Camargius Colonel, carried the first news of the rendering of the city into Germany to the Emperor Ferdinandus.  
The Count of Anholt, hearing of Mansfelds' departure from the camp, dismissed with his, presently followed him. The fame of the victory diuulged into France, England, Italy, and Germany, was scarcely believed even by friends. A short fable was spread abroad by the enemies of the convoys of Breda, and was cried about by the voice of a common ballet-seller, and sold in a printed 
The success buying so great many would hardly believe ●●t.  pamphlet the same day wherein the news was brought of the rendering thereof yea even from Spain also letters were brought from the King into the lowcontries', in which Isabel was admonished, that she should consider again and again, whether it were not more to the purpose, to recall Spinola from so long and doubtful a siege: so sharply did many write into Spain to their acquaintance in high authority, of the despair of getting the city.  
Isabella the Archdutches, resolved herself to go in person to the city that was won, and to visit the soldiers that 
The Infanta came to visit the city.  had overcome. Spinola only keeping the gates of the city, command their houses, villages, the tower and the church to be made clean, went to meet Isabel, three leagues from the city. Almost all their horse, either was sent before to Antwerp to bring her on her way, or were placed in the middle way to receive her, and she was entertained coming with great joy, and with a triple discharging of the Canons, as with a dance of joy.  
The footmen divided into diverse squadrons, rejoiced with no less sign of noise and of shouting upon the gate of Hage, through which Isabel entered into Breda, an epigram set upon the gate, was read, that taking away the little word of envy it pleased him to soften.  
PHILIPP US HISPANIAE REX 
This inscription was put upt on the gates.  GUBERNAN TE ISABEL CLARA EUGENIA OBSIDENTE SPINOLA HOSTIB US FRUSTRA IN SUPPETIAS CONIURANTIB US BREDA VICTOR POTITUR.  
All the greater ordinances of the city, went off, once, twice, and the third time. The Archdutches forbid 
Her alteza did forbid that throw of mirth should be made till first sacrifice should be made unto god as the ch●se author of the victory.  bonfires, or any other public show of joy to be made, in respect of the reverence she bore to God, till first she had caused Sacrifice to be offered unto him the day following in the great Church, as to the chief Author of the victory. The next day therefore, Alphonsus' Cardinal of Cueva, Ambassador of the King of Spain, first said Mass, Isabel, her waiting dames maids, and all the people 
The first 〈◊〉 was celebrated by the Cardenal de la Cu●ba ambasador of Spain.  being present. From Mass, Isabel went about the Church, to behold (if any were left) of the old monuments of religion. She found here and there, empty places, of the pictures of sepulchres, steps of heretical piety, against their Ancestors that were dead. Yet found she whole the notable tomb of Englebert the secon, dsomtimes Count of Nassau, builded by Henry his nephew, of white and black marble. Another, which was of Engelbert the First, and of john of Nassau, the picture of our blessed lady set thereon being taken down, and defaced. which was done by the instinct of a Sibell Henry Boxhornes, preacher of the word in Breda some times a Flamen priest of jupiter amongst the high Priests. She, to wit, by the oracle of Sibyl, after the sixth month of the siege of 
Boldness and impiety of sibilla wife of Box●orinck.  Breda, prophesying that the city should yield itself to the enemy, unless they would throw down a picture of the virgin Marie, kept at that time in that place which the religion of many of our very holy ancestors, had worshipped so many years ago in that city; but others ignorant in religion, durst not wrong it, being at that time safe and sound. In which thing, I know not what I may censure most to be reprehended, whether the patience of the benumbed Senate and people, in suffering so great a wickedness, as the treadding of antiquity under foot, or their stupidity in believing, or the impudent boldness of a mean woman, against the picture of the blessed virgin consecrated by the noble predecessors of the Nassaves, and set upon his tomb for memory to posterity. An epigram or two of the forepassed taking of, Breda being written on the 
Thi●s write were blotted And otheres put in their place.  walls of the church, injurious to God and the Catholic King, were put out, and these were set in their place, to signify the year wherein Breda was recovered.  
AMBROSI SPINOLAE VIGILANTIA BREDA EXPUGNATA.  
The sacred ceremonies being ended, the tower of the church by night, lighhtned almost with an innumerable 
Admirable fires of joy.  number of lanterns and fires, were seen to burn even from Holland. All the city shone with bonfires, and with barrels of pitch. Then all the canons shot off again. And which was a more beautiful spectacle, there was a circle of continuated shining fires for the compass of two and thirty miles through the circuit of the interior trench, which Spinola having set with stakes, straw, and faggots, commanded the soldiers to gather together and to burn them, perpetual flashes of small shot shining betwixt, which like unto stars a far off suddenly shining and vanishing, made a most pleasant sight.  
The liberality also foe Isahella that excellent Princess, shined towards the Church of Breda; and towards two Religious orders, of Capucins and priests of the Society of JESUS, 
Liberality of her alteza  no less than her piety in sparing and praying to God to gain that city. It was the common voice of all, that the Infanta by her perpetual prayers, and those of her court, and 
And her piety and good life.  of other places by there continual prayers in the forty hour prayers to be made in all the Churches, and by pouring out her alms amongst the miserable won Breda, and not with weapons. And truly that the divine succours were more present, then humane stratagems, none can deny: for to whom shall we refer this benefit received, but to her so well known piety, to whom we may rightly proclaim that saying. One woman hath wrought confusion in the house of Nabuchodonosor.  
Isabella therefore came into the city, as a restorer of the ancient religion; into the camps as to bestow in those days, the gifts and guerdons of a Captain. She ordained an Anniversarie Mass, in honour of the dreadful Sacrament (who began first in the eve of the rendering of Breda, and 
Liberality of her alteza to the relig●ouse.  the garrison went out on the octave.) She gave to the Capucins to buy a housein Breda, four hundred pounds. To the priests of the Society of jesus, who were divided into four quarters of the camp procuring the health of the soldiers souls during all the time of the siege she ordained to give five hundred pound, to help to defray the charges of buying a college, which she bestowed on them by way of alms. To the repairing of an old Abbey of Nuns, and ruins of the Church of Ginick (which Maurice caused to be burnt) she gave no small somme of money. All which arguments of singular Religion, when Alphonsus' Cardinal de la Cueva, Ambasador of the King of Spain, did signify unto the supreme head of the church Pope Vabanus the eight, the pope wrote unto him in this manner following.  
Our beloved son, health and Apostolical benediction. 
A letter of the pope V●bano to the Cardinal de la Cueva.  we felt those your last letters, to be those golden phials, full of odours, which recreate the souls of those that are in heaven, and comfort the diseases of those in earth, we took breathe a little, tossed in the height of the raging sea, when we understood Religion to triumph in the town of Breda. God is not forgetful of his mercies, and legions of Angels assist those Princes which fight for heaven. verily this victory, is obtained, amongst so many conspiring aids of impiety, and difficulties even of nature itself struggling against it, that although it will remain in all ages a famous document of warlike fortitude yet let it be reputed to be the benefit of that almighty warrior. For not only the force of the enemy is domted, but even the very raging of the floods. And now doth the Prince of Austria, gather the excellent fruits of so great a triumph, whilst with powerful forces she fortifieth religion. Nether suPpose we that could be more prudently provided, for, then by the duties of Priests, and endeavours of those Religious families, which ye made manifest in repairing the Abbey of the City. And you we bless perpetually, who first, the Angels applauding, and the Church rejoicing, performedst the dreadful Sacrifice of the Mass upon those Altars, which of late heretical temereity had polluted. Furthermore, we praise your piety, when being adorned with the purple of Roman splendour, show yourself worthier in this present occasion, of so great a priesthood. Pious purposees may bring you into participation of this triumphal glory: for the fortitude of the Soldier, doth exterminate impiety from the walls of the city; the piety of the Priest, from the minds of the people. Only wishing honour to your name, 
The particular care of the Infanta of the army.  we perpetually promise you our patrociny. Given at Rome at S. Mary's the Greater, under the fisher's ring, the 11. August. 1625. the second year of our Pontificat.  
Isabel having performed the duties of Religion, commanded a whole months' wages to be paid to the soldiers 
The gifts and liberality of her besowed  in the camps, and a thousand garments to be made, by the name of a donation. Then in the ensuing days, she went about to behold the works, both of the inward, and outward trench, as a Reverencer both of war and of Religion. In the mean space Spinola with a great convoye, set the city in order, spoiled by so long a siege, and disposed the houses for placing the garrison. Isabel placed 
Balancon trough his approved virtues was 〈…〉 Governor of Brede by the Infanta.  the Baron of Balancone Master de camp of the Burgundians, for Governor to rule the city. The virtu of that man, his modestic, and vigilance, were so well known without envy, that the soldiers of all nations, affirmed that office of right and merit to belong unto him. The citizen's, who had heard only by report of his fame, designed the government to him, and humbly besought it might be deliveuered him: thus virtue cannot be concealed, and being known, is beloved. Then was the Senate appointed for the people. Henricus Montens (from whom the same was taken wrongfully) was created Burgermaster, excellent in the knowledge of law, grave for his grey hairs, who also administered that office, when the city by fraud of a freighted boat, was last taken from the King, he always was a true maintainer of his fathers Religion. Cornelius vander Locht, a man of a peaceable carriage, and a keeper of the ancient faith, was given to him for Colleague. The other Senators, in virtu and faith, had been approved be the common wealth. To the citizen's, the same form of government and laws were appointed, as were to the city of Bolduke: although at first, for many reasons, all of them could not be kept. The Senate, with the furtherance of the Magistrates, gave a public school to be governed by the Professors of the Society of JESUS: which order, Philip Duke of Arscote, by the commandment of Isabel the Archdutches (be her letters was put in execution.)  
All things so set in good order, the convoys being dispatched, a guard of three thousand foot, and seven companies of horse being designed, the trenches, ditches, 
The garrison that was appointed for Breda.  and works with which Spinola had encompassed the city, he commanded to be thrown down: worthy to have been kept, and to have been showed to posterity, but for his use, who was the chiefest of so great a victory 
All ●ertes of fortificasiones of the camp were commanded to be broken down.  obtained, else should for ever have remained. Then the army being sent before by some spaces; the Infanta was accompanied to Antwerp. The footmen being divided unto, squadrones betwixt Hooghstrate and Breda, saluted her passing by, with the applause of military joy. The horsemen not far from Hooghstrate, placed in the great plain by Henry of Bergues, skirmished with military 
Military sport ●.  sports like as in earnest war. Fifteen companies, set here and there one against another, by a mutual en countering, and a feigned fight, exhibited that comely aspect of war, as the unexpert almost, frame to themselves in their mind. The sounding of the Trumpets, the running and retiring of the horses, the raising of the dust from the ground, the glistering of head-pieces, and breast plates, the brandeshing of the naked swords, the shouts of those that ran together, the fire and the smoke, and the sound of the guns discharged, and the echo of the greater cannons playing also a far off, lastly all the spectacles of a fight, save blood and slaughter.  Metuenda voluptas Spectanti, pulcherque timor. 
And which was most beautiful of, all Henry of Bergues himself armed from top to toe, running as it were for help, betwixt two Princes his friends, Wolfangus Wilhelmus, Duke of Bavaria, juliers, Olive, and Bergues, and Rodulphus Maximilianus Duke of Saxony, which three together, the sport being ended of the unbloody, war, ran together to the coach of the Infanta Isabel conqueress, 
The ari●mg of her alteza and of the Marquis to an v●ourp  to salute her with their humble swords. Then Spinolaes', (tents being placed some three miles from Antwerp) was brought into the city, with the rejoicing eyes and voices of all that looked for him, together with the Archdutches. Henry of Bergues with his companies is left to Hooghstrate, to carry the rest of the convoye back to Breda. 
Conde Hindrick remained inhooghstro●t to conduct the provisiones to Breda.   
In the last convoye therefore, which was brought into Breda, before the enemy departed count Bergius about to haing by the ribbon of Spinolaes' laurel, studied to catch the enemy in a snare, by the enticement of a few provokers to battle, the rest lying in ambush, which should then suddenly appear and invade them. But the enemy, whether out of prudence, or out of fear, not coming out of their tents, Bergius departed, doing nothing.  
Isabel, whilst she remained at Antwerp, was drawn with the pencil of rabens that excellent painter, and being graven with an instrument in brass, she saw herself crowned with a garland of oak, in an imperial table. Worthy so to be pictured after that noble triumph, nor by no other hand then by that of that Apelles.  
The Conqueress David was showed in a Scene, by the school of the Society of JESUS, after a new kind of model, 
The tragedy of David was represented by the fathers of the Society of jesus.  wherein after every Act, all the history of the thing performed, was most delightfully exhibited, in the lively Images of dumb persons. With Isabel, the rest of the Nobles of the Court beheld the same. A few days after it being understood, that the enemy was retired into garrison, our army also retired unto garisones. When Spinola came to Brussels with a few, he was received with new congratulations (albeit he avoided it by concealing his coming) against his will and perforce, all running together to meet him. Meffengers being sent in the mean space into Spain, King Philip joyful of a double victory, of the recovery of Breda, and of the Bay in Brasile, gave to the Marquis Spinola, for so many labours employed, for so many enemies 
a most royal gift given be his majesty to the Marquis.  overcome without slaughter, for so impregnable city subjugated, amost Royal gift as is the chief government of the order of S. james, for either that was to be the reward of so great a victory or the liberality of so great a King giving, also greater than could be asked. Pope Vrbanus 
Letters of the Pope Vrbano.  moved with the greatness of the things done at Breda, first congratulated Isabel, and then Spinola for his fortitude and felicity, with most excellent letters: the copies whereof, I have judged meet to be published, both for their singular elegancy, as also for the excellent authority of the most prudent Pontifice.  
Pope Urbans letter, unto the Archdukes Isabel Clara Eugenia.  
Our Lord mighty in war, hath lifted up his arm over the nations, which intended evil to his servants, and the right hand of the omnipotent is glorified in you, Triumphing with joy for the noble victory of conquered Breda, with the same Epitaph we speak to your Nobility, who having surpassed the praises of a woman's virtu, prosperously turned the forces of the Austriacall power, for the defence of the orthodox faith. The band of the heavenly army fought in your camps; and the constancy of warlike fortitude, hath taught noble nations, inhabiting by the spectacle of so singular a siege, no hold in earth to be fortified with so strong helps, and defences, which the power of acamp armed with celestial helps, doth not vanquish. You have combated with an enemy containing of perils, and with a cunning artificer of unheard of terror, he seemed to study to send the very Ocean itself out of her prisons in to the Austriacall army. He shut up the raging floods with sea sluices overflowed that as it were with a new sea, he might swallow up the camps of your Nobility. But the wicked have fallen into the ditch which they digged, and our Lord hath reigned. The Ocean restrained the surging waves in their old seats, and the floods withdrue themselves. Into dry places. We congratulate this victory to you, wished heartily with the desires of the whole Church, to which Rome the mother of all Nations applaudeth, which the testimonies of histories in ensuing ages, will proclaim. And truly how well your Nobility doth use them, we have understood by the voice of the report, and letters of our ministers. Unless our lord keep the city, in vain do the stations of soldiers watch, and he doth arm those cities with legions of Angels, in which the Catholic faith doth prosper, the keeper of public tranquillity, doth predominate. we know with what solicitous piety, and with what prudent acts you procure, that heresy may be cast forth from the people of Breda, the mother of perfidy, and nurse of sedition, wherefore, seeing you leave no place for Pontifical admonitions, we worthily praise and extol the glory of your name, and with our most exact prayers recommend unto God your Nobility, that of so healthful a triumph, you may receive those fruits, which the Church wisheth, and impiety feareth, and we bestow upon you perpetually Apostolical benediction. Given at Rome at S. Maria Maior under the Fisher's ring, the 9 of August. 1625. the second year of our Pontificat.    

Number XVI.  
Pope Vrbanus to the Marquis Spinola thus congratulating.  
Heaven triumpheth in the victories of thy Nobility, 
And to Marquis Spinola.  whose branches nourished with the blood of heretics, and the head of Catholic Religion crowneth.  
The overthrow of Breda will remain a monument to all Nations and ages of thy virtu. Let the whole world know even at this day those Captains to be borne in Italy, in whom the glory of Cesar, and of Scipio, doth flourish a new. Thou hast tamed those enemies, excelling in riches, mad in anger, and desying death. The floods shut up with sluices, are commanded to alter their course, and the heaps of fuming waters, to enter the camps of thy Nobility. The favour of heaven hath thoroughly assuaged them all, and the constancy of thy courage. Truly that city which treason had taken away from the power of Austria fearful of the light and lying hid in skulking corners, that city by thy Nobility, valour and virtu was recovered. The memory of Bredaes' siege, will remain for ever, and from thence, the Captains of ensuing posterity shall learn, the art of warring, and examples of fortitude. Amongst the present storms of tossed Italy, and of Princes disscordinge, the news received from Breda, so far did this joyful beam of the divine clemency shine to our Pontifical solicitude, that we have determined by the testimony of our Apostolical letters, to extol thee as the author of so great a good, promising our patrociny to they Nobility; to whom we wish the happiness of long life, and bestow upon thee for ever, our Apostolical benediction. Given at Rome at S. Maria Maior, under the Fisher's ring the 9 of August 1625. the second year of our Pontificat.  
Great indeed, but true praises, now confirmed by Pontifical oracle. And verily, how great that victory is, neither can the enemy as yet feel, the wound being yet to green nor we, by the newness of the joy, can yet esteem, the same according as it deserves such like or greater victory, albeit great aught to be reputed when the contention was, not for Breda, but for the loss of fame and honour by the rendering of that city, which in vain the States undertook, to defend with so great commotion of all Europe, with calling together the helps of so many provinces, with the exhausting of so much treasure, which hath acquired an immortal name to the King of Spain, to Isabel clara Eugenia Infanta and to Marquis Spinola.  
CHRONOGRAPHICUM REX BREDAM CEPIT QVINTA JUNII.    

APPROBATIO.  
HIstoria haec latinè primum conscripta memorabilis est, in qua qui attente & grata ment consideraverit quae toto Bredanae obsidionis tempore terra marique divinitùs contigêre, non dubitabit cum Debbora in haec divinae laudis verba prorumpere De coelo dimicatum est contra eos. Quapropter eam dignam censeo, quae non uno idiomate sed varijs ewlgetur, quemadmodum hîc eadem, etiam Anglicano exhibetur.  
GVILIEL. FABRICIUS Apostolicus ac Regius Librorum Censor.   

WITH PRIVILEGE.  
WIth Privilege and authority of his Catholic Majesty. as also of dona ISABELLA clara Eugenia Infanta of Spain, and of his Excellency, the Marquis Ambrosio Spinola chief General of their Armies in the Palatinat, and low country's, and of the naval Army of the same.   

LOVANII, Ex Officinâ HENRICI HASTENII, Vrbis & Academiae Typographi, M. DC. XXVIII.  
END