A RELATION OF seven years slavery under THE Turks of Algiers, suffered by an English Captive Merchant.  
Wherein is also contained all memorable Passages, Fights, and Accidents, which happined in that city, and at Sea with their ships and galleys during that time.  
Together with a Description of the sufferings of the miserable Captives under that merciless tyranny.  
Whereunto is added a Second book containing a description of Algiers, with its original, manner of Government, Increase, and present flourishing Estate.  — Pertot discrimina rerum Tendimus in Patriam▪— 
BY FRANCIS KNIGHT.  
LONDON, Printed by T. Cotes, for Michael spark junior, and are to be sold at the sign of the blue Bible in green Arbour. 1640.   

TO THE RIGHT worshipful, AND WORTHY honoured KNIGHT, Sr. Paul PINDER.  
Noble Sir, the renown of your Illustrious virtues in foreign Nations, by exemplary piety at home, hath been so apparent to me, though a stranger to my Native Country, that I have presumed to present your Worship with his Treatise, ●●iessing my ardent affection for the enlargement of the Multitude of my poor countrymen, groaning under the merciless yoke of Turkish thraldom; and the rather myself having there suffered, loss of my estate, and the misery of 7. years' slavery in chains, and in the galleys of Algiers, it's not unknown to your Worship, having been Resident in those parts, what their sufferings are, as scoffs, threats, blows, chains, hunger, nakedness, with innumberable others, and which is most deplorable, their danger of falling from the Christian and most holy faith, of which sort. I have known many who through the extremity of their sufferings hath renounced their Saviour, and embraced the Mahomitan and diabolical Imposture, these miseries and innumerable others, having been presented to my eyes, though now by the mercy of God, happily escaped, do still increase my zeal for their liberties, which your worship being an eminent personage in this flourishing kingdom, may be a worthy instrument to accomplish; I fear to be too presumptuous in craving your worship's Patronage to this impolite discourse, and therefore humbly beseech your worship's pardon, and implore the Divine majesty to conserve your person and honour, in making them long and happy in earth, and in fine to reward you with eternal happiness,  
Thus prays he that is your worship's most humble Suppliant FRANCIS KNIGHT.   

To the Reader.  
THe Subject of this following discourse, need no apology to make way for its entertainment; seeing none, to my knowledge, hath ever devulged in Print, the estate and condition of Captives in that place of Algiers. I have undertaken thus meanly to present them to your sight, let the courteous Reader pardon the faults, both of the author and the press, some whereof are observed in the Errata following, farewell.   

ERRATA.  
PAge 9 line 21. for Geneva read Genava, and l. 24. for Challery, r. Callery, p. 10. l. s. for town r. tower, & l 7. for Cap● & Colpe, & l. 18. r. days they returned, & l. 33. for began r. Bogiva●●. p. 11. l. 9 for acclamation r. accumelation, & l. 22. for Gr●m●oy● r. ●●annoys, & l. ult. r. concentedly, p. 12. l. 11. for Abdera Mourine, r. Alderam. ● Rice. p. 14. l. 3. for declared r. declaro, & l. 24. for seeming r. seeing, and l. 28. for pertner r. patron. p. 15. l. 1. r. afterward a, & l. 34. for watched, r weighed, & l ult, for trouble r. travel. p. 16. l. 17. f. Forts r. For●es, & l. 35, for messe● r. messia, l. 36. for Castle r. Coast.   



Bable-●eight Castle  
Emperor's Castle.  
Ta●c●ine Castle.     


A True and strange Relation of seven years' slavery under the Turks of Algiers, suffered by an English Captive Merchant.  
VIcicitudes are incident to kingdoms, to Cities, and to men, and was to me, in my age of 23. years and five months of my life: And in the year of grace 1631. On the ninth day of December, when it pleased almighty God to give power to the Infidels to prevail over me, whereby I became Captive, and interdicted the company of those of my consanguinity; prohibited of divine Oracles, and detained from my native country (to which I am yet a stranger) but (praised be God) in way to survive, to see the natural place of my habitation, and to re-expostulate with those, one with me in proximity of blood, in the familiar language of our loves.  
Having passed those calamities, which as I want imagination to conceive, so am more defective to divulge.  
January the 16. day, in the year before nominated; I arrived in that city fatal to all Christians, and the butchery of mankind, not that I so term it in respect it serves as a purgation, to evacuate the Turkish country of superfluous people; my condolation is for the loss of many Christians, taken from their parents and countries, of all sorts and sexes. Some in Infancy, both by Land and Sea, being forced to abuses (most incorrigible flagitions) not only so, but bereast of Christian Religion, and means of grace and repentance. How many thousand of the Nazarian nations have been and are continually lost by that monster, what rational creature can be ignornnt of? But far worse is their condition from whom these pieces had their extraction, in whom their unhappy parents once delighted themselves, with hope they might prove soldiers in the Lord's battles. To which intent they fed them with their sweat, nourished them with their blood, and made their sole joys; what affliction is like theirs? that such living pieces of their bodies should be extorted from them. And by whom? buriby a people unknown, monsters more like than men, where they not only have their natural condition changed, and are made their corrosive: but they do wilfully prove their country's greatest enemy. Who can but religiously condole their misfortunes, whose so prepellent hopes should be turned to despairs? Who would not wish his loins dry rather than fruitful in such wickedness: these are not only the greatest Caxdiators in Barbary, but in all others, not in places of obscurity, But in the great Turks Soray, who are his Courtiers? who his councillors? who his Vissiers? who his bashaws? who his greatest instruments, but these deniers, the sons of Christians. What hath been the advancement of their glory? but our neglect, I mean in the slightings of many poor souls, that in their agony despaired, and with Noah in a fit of their folly discovers these secrets that were hid 600. years before. Thus madly do many of them cast themselves upon the point of those dangers, whereby they have seen so many miscarry: But being forced to that experience which they cannot redeem, expiate all shame. I do religiously lament the shipwreck of some of them who were of my acquaintance. To whose denials I have been an ocular witness. Lord how facile do these profess the new Religion, priding themselves in Turkish ceremonies, and in a faith once execrable unto them; whereto, not confidence but vice invokes them. Had they but the grace of a common woman, who with unloosing her Pettycoate loseth shame, but recovering it takes it up again: there might be hopes of them, that at the hearing of the cock crow they might with Peter remember their sins, get out of them and weep bitterly. There is honey to be taken out of the lion, and such a plague is opportunity, that many aregular man is forced to solicit their friends, and dearly to esteem of their acquaintance, as well as to the peril; I will ascribe to the jet stone his due. The obligation I owe to some of them I have a just propension to requite them for, but I am not obliged to dusk their vices nor contrarily will maliciously profess calumnies against them, but condoling their destinies with them grace. I was two years and fix months a slave to one of them: in which terminy I knew not what sufferings was only afflicted by being an ocular testator of the calamities of others, I was not employed in the least servility. His presence did not disturb me, but I was most a allegory in his company, and sure then to fare best; none of my actions but was to his content, and none so acceptable to him as myself. My affability, freeness of speech, and boldness had so obliged his affections to me as almost the world could not expiate. And indeed, he was an honest moral man.  
Opportunity gave me occasion sufficient to register the passages of those times happening in that city.  
The first accident famous for memory in this terminy was in the year 1634. on Friday the 20. of June, in blowing up the Cassaba or house of council, and chief foretresse of that city. Nature if it once degenerates grows more monstrous and extreme than dispositions borne to cruelties; many years past the Turks upon surmises of Treason plotted against them by the Collolies, their own children, for so are they by them called, banished all such of them as were of the council, as by denomination Bulla Bashees and Odds Bashees, and performed it with no little subtlety. No word passed in the city of these suppositions, nor had the Collolyes any thought that their so secret plots had been the Turks intelligences, who knowing the danger neglected, no time to remedy so great a threatened mischief; all rested private, until the first Duanna day, or day of great council; when 60. of the primest of them were banished; strange that the Colloly should not know his guilt, and more strange it is that the Turks should banish a faction more powerful than themselves in number, in friends, and in estates, and equal dignities, all speaking one language; yet the banished departed at the Turks pleasure, without demanding the cause and knowledge of their offence.  
The politic Turk ordained the place no further than Bugea the next port town to the Orient, but with two Commissions given the captains, to whose charge they were committed, and appointed to open one after the other. Wherein they were commanded to transport them to Tunis, a City absolute. Until the next council day, all rested without clamour, and now 200. more of them are banished. The Bellages, Citizens and Natives Murmured, but dare not make complaints of their griefs. They neglected their accustomary course of trade. The Turks by Proclamation commanded all men to open their shops, buy and sell, and not to have any missupposition of their intent or doings, past or to come, betwixt them and their children as being differences among themselves, also giving hopes to the banished in short time to be recalled to Argiere, and raise them to their former dignities. The third great Duanna or council day was banished 500 more of them, without any insurrection or stir made by the Collolyes; and in fine on the fift day all the rest, consisting of 1574. men, chiefest in the city for esteem; in that they were descended from the ancient Turks, which conquered that country, and in substance the richest hope is of that noble and couragions faculty that it commonly brings more than it carries away. No advertisement all this time came to Argiere of the banished transportation from one port to another, nor their friends any way suspecting them to be so far banished as Tunis. But time the mother of all truth untaught the Collolyes error, and now by the experience of many years see themselves frustrate of all hopes to return in a fair way to that terrene paradise. They now combined with difficulty to possess themselves of that city, which once they being possessed of, might facilely make retention. 60. of them, of a more undaunted resolution than the rest vowed to surprise the Cassaba, prime fortress of the city; the stratagem to affect it was thus: They went thither in womens' apparel, wearing long Mantles to the ground, and their faces covered as is the fashion of that country, and having cemeteries, coyertly entered the Cassaba, crying Sherillah or demanding Justice; the day was Friday, and the time the morning. A great advantage to the Collolyes: for it being the Turks Sunday, most of them that kept the sald Cassaba were in the city visiting their friends; in brief, some one way, and some another: besides it was the 15. day when the Bashaw makes a feast to the whole Duanna. In this manner 23. of the Collolyes enters this Cassaba, the other 37. of the confederacy not present; the Turkish Bulla bassawes which carelessly kept the gate, not thinking them to be other than women, the Collolyes now to embrace their opportunity, draw their Curlesses, kills all they find in the Cassaba, shuts the gate, and for a while are masters of this sumptuous fortress, and now displays their Banners upon the walls: which sudden revolt coming to be the intelligence of the Aga, general of the soldiers, and Bashaw, vice King under the great Turk; Yet not informed who they were that had surprised their Cassaba, some conjectured them to be the Cookoose, whose mother and son to that King was then prisoner in that Cassaba. The jealous Turk makes Proclamation upon pain of death every Collolye to keep his house, nor any more Allarbyes or Tagarens, subjected people, to take arms or wear a knife; so posted to the Cassaba, and found them to be Collolyes, men politic in war, powerful in faction, as being thousands of them unbanished, which never had borne office, having also the Allarbyes and Tagarens to their devotion, all supposed enemies to the Turk, who now give the assault. The Collolyes defended from six of the clock in the morning to ten, at which time usually on all their Churches on Sundays is hoisted up that rag of Mahomet, a geene flag. The Turks offered them pardon, and the restauration of their goods detained from them, they deny all composition, and resolve not only to defend what they had gotten, as their own patria, but to get more if they could. The Turk now impatient, and well knowing the ensuing danger, if they made not some speedy way before night; assuring themselves, that all that were weary of their government, malcontents and others, then would stir; and themselves doubtful of one another's Loyalties, resolved to make Otote, Obote; something or nothing: They bring Scales to the walls and enter. The defendants seeing themselves desperated, and unable to make any longer resistance, fired 20000 Quentalls of powder, blew a piece of Ordinance out of the Castle to the Fishgate, a mile in length spoiled many houses and had destroyed the whole city, but that this Cassaba is seated upon a stupendious mountain, and the city lying all down right under it, and the nature of powder to evaporate into a regular elevation, the sky was darkened with smoke & dust, and nothing heard but clamours in the streets (as if the day of general account had been then) Had those ignoble spirits, that lived in worse Ignominy than the Jews, but stirred, they might without an aching finger have extirpated the glory of the Turk there, and honoured themselves with the Lordly command of the most flourishing City of Africa, 6000. souls perished by that blow, but of the Collolyes he only that fired the powder, 22. of them being taken alive were most cruelly tortured, some were crucified, others having their bones broken, were drawled along the streets at horse tails, others had their shoulders stabbed with knives, and burning Torches set in them dropping down into their wounds; The Turks biting of their flesh alive, so died, and some of them being walled in were starved to death. A guilty conscience projects terrible things. What perplexity the other Collolyes of the city were in I need not recount. All censured them dead persons, but the council disagreeing in themselves, their fortunes were better than their deserts. The Turks now will not permit the soldier's marriages, and by that means extinct so monstrous a Liniage: some of the counsel in detestation of that Race offered to kill their own children, upon condition all others to do the like, but others in the surplassage of their loves, countermanded that bloody Decree and unnatural Acts; only inqiusition was made for certain women which had given entertainment to those Collolyes and were condemned to be all thrown into the Sea; but being packed from one place to another and not to be found, at last was published a revocation of the sentence of their deaths, and they escaped and enjoyed their ancient privileges.  
These combustions, soon came solicitors to the King of Cokoose, who takes present occasion to lay siege to a Castle which the Algiers kept to his great annoyance in that country, as speedily came news to the Algiers of the Castles besieging, who were then studious to fetch off 200. of their soldiers in garrison there, and also ceremonions to conserve their honour, sent for both a Hamper or general Army, consisting of 5000. foot Turks, and 3000. Swayv●s horsemen: The King of Cokoose, Semper idem, continued the siege, containing his Forces within the mountains, whereon is situated the Castle, the Turks then according to their old custom trusted more to policy than valour. They knew well the danger to assault the enemy at such an advantage, and therefore propounded terms of peace, and fortune helped them, the Turks were licenced to depart the Castle with honour, and the Army returned to Argiere in peace, and were received joyfully. In August next they enlarged the Prince of that country, giving him amongst other presents, a Spanish Christian woman, whom according to the custom of that religion he took to wife, and the Queen, mother of that King, and Grandam to the Prince, which also was a runagate of the Spanish nation, and had been long prisoner in Argiere, They set at liberty.  
In July 1635. there arrived Mounsieur de Samson, French ambassador in a Polacta of Mercellis, with his King's flag aloft bravely. This gallant comes ashore, with his retinue consisting of other Messers visited the council and King, his action was stately, The Agga or general called a counsel, sends a Chewse or Sergeant for the ambassador, who came before them, they demanded his Embassage; he answered he was sent by his King to demand his majesty's Subjects, by virtue of that interchangeable league mutually conserved betwixt his Majesty and their Emperor, they answered they knew none to command them in their government. And if his King had sent him to treat for the enlargement of those French which upon just occasion they detained, or for such slaves as were of that nation, he should have the sole reference unto them.  
347. Free French men were then in Argiere, being all taken without fighting, and therefore unsold. But in far worse condition than those that were, 400. Turks and moors were in the Mercillian galleys, which Mounsieur offered to exchange for his freemen and the slaves, which were 600. more, which they refused; but offered Mounsieur the slaves for the price they were sold for in the Market, referring the freemen to the dispose of the bashaws. Mounsieur now treats with the Bashawe; he demands ten pieces of eight per head for them, Mounsieur storms (as I think he had good cause to do) having promised his King miracles in the accommodation of the French affairs. He demands a second conference, and it is granted him, the slaves are offered him for the moneys they cost in the Market, but the freemen raised to 20. pieces of eight per head; Mounsieur according to the French fury boyles and illustrates the puissance of his King, Fire and tow meets together, the Turks fury is as much as the French choler, and he is now more affronted; the Slaves are now become importunate, vexing Mounsieur as the poor widow did the unrighteous Judge, but his answer to them was imperial, he had brought no moneys for them. The freemen do now solicit his propences affection, and implored his Christian care of their estates, they offer to pay the said 20. pieces of eight per head with interest, and the principallest of them, to come in band for satisfaction and security; and in sum, every person to give particular band to those which had so obliged themselves. Sure it was most piteous to see how many sufficient men of that Nation were put to most vile services, where at if they had been sold, many had means to have given for their enfranchisement, which upon these differences were detained, and most of them unable to comport with such barbarous endurances, miserably perished. Mounsieur demands a third conference, and is admitted, he demands an absolute answer, for that he meant in all haste to be gone; the Slaves are offered him upon the former terms, but the freemen now exhausted to 30. pieces of eight per head, Mounsieur departs without any further treaty: the counsel sends to him to take in his Flag; he bids them do it; they take his sails from the Yard, and Ruther, all which they carry into their Magazine, and with a Branos anissetim leaves him his Flag. Mounsieur demanded licence to depart, they deny him, and having detained him four months after, and cost him some pieces of eight, he is licenced and departs: the poor French having made songs of freedom, and extolled the glory of their grand Chevellier to the skies, are now lest to condole and to new make their forward reckonings, whiles they are derided of all nations, and the Turks adding Mulct unto them. No man can promise to himself an immutable condition, it is two years and a half since I fell from my Runagatha to Mahomet Agga, a man of the Armenian nation, and heheae now dead without wife, or child, whereby I am slave to Vsuph Basshaw, being February the 16. 1637. and the 13. of June with other slaves of his was embarked on the Galley of Norilla Bay, at midnight as the custom is after the book was made, we launched from Argiere, the 16. dicto near Colla; The Turk having eight galleys, met with six of the great Duke of Tuscans galleys, who at first made an Italian bravada, but in fine, with sailors and Oars ran away.  
The Turk now proud that the Argiere galleys, had chased away the best galleys of all the Christians, in the height of their spirits, they rounded both lands of Sardena, and Corceoa, taking many Towers upon each of them, burning and taking Pollaceas, Saitease, and other Navigation: and now the second time met with the Duke's galleys, who would not endure the sight of them; the Turk pursuing his resolution 19 days after our departure from Argiere, took a town in the Bay of Geneva, where besides rich spoils they brought from thence 365. persons, and in their return burned a Flushener, being a brave new ship, having 18. pieces of Ordnance, loaden with Challery Cheese: and being now in their return, met the third time with those Legorne galleys, and chased them, but could not fetch them. In fine this voyage ended in 28. days, when they returned in safety to Argiere with no little riches, glory and applause of the people: and now is come a new Bashaw to that City, and as custom is, the old must pack and be gone. He put off all his English, French, and Dutch to Ally Pichellin general of Argiere, a great man in substance, having besides his Lands and other riches 800. Christians slaves; and a great tyrant. He respected no man above another, and in truth we were all exquisitely miserable that were his slaves. The 23. of August, Anno 1637. we were reimbarked on the Galley of Norilla bay: And the first of September they took Colpe in Spain, a little town eight leagues to the orient of Allicants; they landed when first Aurora gave her light, and continued the fight till one or two of the clock in the afternoon, besides the spoils, they brought from thence 315. Christians; the women and children the next day they sent upon a Galley for Argiere, but put all the men to the oar; the third dicto they took the town of Cape Paul, which resisted from morning till four a clock in the afternoon; in all which time neither there nor at Cape appeared one man either for resistance, or intelligence: they harrowed the Castle, took all the Towers to the Castle of Guardell mare, and so westward, till they came to Titewone in Barbary, where the general took in sixty thousand pieces of eight for his account proper. And after they returned for the cost of Spain, as a terror, and had done much more damage to the Spaniard, but they were twice prevented by English ships, they returned for Calpe, and gave Scala Franca to the Spaniards, who visits their forlorn friends, and the unhappy men made spectators of that place where they received their disaster. In sum, good quarter was performed to them, when at the fine of 30. days returned to Argiere with acclamations of joy of the inhabatants, all the house tops being covered with women crying Allaluah, Allaluah, with salutation of Canons and general rejoicing of the people: it was now October, and we hoped that years toil was past, for so hath been their custom to repose the winter; I mean from Galley navigations, & to the slave's advantage, for although they work hard all day on land yet they rest at night, and enjoy their fills of water (which is precious in the galleys) but what is not too little for the unsatiable gulf foe unhumaine desires. Ally the general would engross the whole world to himself, plus habeo, plus careo. Another voyage must be made this year, and was with six galleys, but ended in the expense, of what they had formerly gotten, their best fortune was, they safely returned to their homes: two galleys were detained in the port to carry soldiers to the orient garrisons, and my lot fell to go upon one of them; and now preferred, began the worst condition of galley Slaves: our furthest port was but 100 Leagues, to Boma; a goodly Moor's city, and famous country, I mean for its fertility as abundant in all necessaries for the life of man, and I say famous, in that being a City where Saint Augustine was borne, from whence 129. Soldiers were to go for Constantina, founded by Constantine the Great, our country man, and first Christian Emperor; in which City are yet so many apparent footsteps of Christianity, over whose walls and gates are so many verses, written both in Greek and Latin of excellent esteem, for rare antiquities, many whereof were sent me by Runagathars, which went thither of my acquaintance, but my escape hath left them, and that happily in Argiere, as never meaning to return for their acclamation; being glad I have so escaped: sudden and unexpected events are those that cause most admiration. Mounsieur de Ma●●ie, French general is now at Sea with 15. of his King's ships, and commission to infranchise the French Slaves, yet it seems the god Neptune was wrath with them, for with a storm at Sea, their fleet was separated, and most of them forced to return for Mercelles. Having spent their Masts, and received other misfortunes; yet all Commissioned if accident should separate them, Argiere Road should be their randevoos: 400. Turks and moors they brought with them to exchange for their French; very confusedly arrived some of them to the Port. First two sail, one of 36. pieces of Ordnance, whereof Bro●●noy of Rochel was captain, and another of 28. pieces of Ordnance, good quarter was offered them by the Algiers: Gromnoys Purcer comes ashore, without a hostage, professing a visit to the French council: at the instant was in the Road, and ready to depart two ships of Argiere, the one of 40. and the other of 28. pieces of Ordnance, both bound for Alexandrea in Egypt, and well known to Forans Purcer; two such ships never went out before from Argiere, for besides the excessive Riches of their loading, and passengers of greatest wealth of that city, bound in pilgrimage to the solemnities of the Meco, one ship of them had known in her above three hundred thousand Soltanies in Gold, each Soltanie worth their seven shilling English, the Purcer returns to his ships, who were both riding without Command, the council sends the Trugman to have them come in, or depart their Road, to which they presently obeyed; nor can I give them any term of better grace; they stand to the West, and within an hour after weighs the Turks, who since have ended their voyage continently, and returned to Argiere with great riches. Three days after being the 11. of October arrived that noble captain, and glory of the French nation, Mounsieur de mauty in a goodly ship of 58. pieces of brass Ordnance alone, and anchored without command. The Duana or council sends to know what he came for, he answered to demand his King's subjects, which they dislegally detained; with answer returned, the Turks resends their Trugman, commanding Mounsieur presently to depart, or come under command, other ways he should know more from them. Captains were convocated, and the Duana determined Abdera Manrine, of the moors nation, a right valiant, and expert Seaman, should be presently armed to go forth and fetch him in: but Monnsieur weighed, put out his bloody flag and departed. The 13. dicto came in another of the same fleet, and put out a white flag, using many other signs to parley, but in the night went out two galleys, whereupon the French distrusting the worst, let slip her Cable and Anchor; and was the next day weighed by the Turk, & carried to their Magazine, which saved them a labour.  
Ill news hath wings, it's now the 18. dicto, when advertisement comes to Argiere of the taking Asatiea of Ally the Generals, and they make it the common cause, alleging the French met with her upon the coast of Barbary. A goodly prize she had been, for in her, besides rich loading, was in ready cash 70000. pieces of Eight. The whole inhabitants now boyles, the French council is sent for, and without any litigation of his cause is by the great Duana or council adjudged to be burnt at Babelwach gate. Also jacus Santo, that paid the rents of the Bastione condemned to be hanged at Babashon, usual places of Christians martyrdom; 18. thousand pieces of Eight a year paid the said Sancto to them; A man which formerly had swayed, a person of great experience in the country, and well studied in the Art Machivell, and much hated by the poor French Captives as a perturber to their infranchisments. In fine, no rod is so fit for a mischievous man as his own, through ●mour of death, they both would have turned Turks, but not permitted nor could any thing assuage the fury of the Duana, but their deaths; yet some gave the word, that if they would die Turks, they should be permitted, and that for the saving of their souls. Ally the general, for so is this gallant called, powerful in the City, and the Turks glory, interceded for them, giving many pertinent, and powerful reasons for their remission. The damage said he that is done is to me, as being sole owner of the said vessel, and her essentials, for which I desire no revenge for my own particular: but as I am yours, and all I have obliged to this City, if your honours think it requisite to revenge the affront done us, by this late general which with one only ship outbraved us in our most happy and invincible Port, famous for virtue, and janissaries, whose valour hath shaken, and been a terror unto the misbelievers of all Nazarine Nations, more than 100 years. I have a just propension and am most prompt to adventure my life and substance in this most noble city's quarrel, and that the time of the year is now improper to invade any of the French territories. I esteem it most convenient there be presently armed six sail of galleys, for the surprising of the Bastione, to make a spoil of what they find there, as well of people as others, which will be sufficient satisfaction to us for the present, and a real demonstration to that Tralevian nation, how little we esteemed them. This oration highly esteemed was received as an Oracle, & the Duana commands the expedition of the galleys, who in two days were provided, and the 19 of December at noon, without making book, thy rowed from Argiere, and in three days arrived at the Bastwin; no sooner Anchored, but Mounsieur the governor with other Messuers comes aboard to kiss the hand of Ally the general: in fine many Madmoyssells, and the people there were curious to see so great a man; the visit and compliment ended, the governor began to take leave of the general, who now demands entertainment in the Bastione: Mounsieur promises no man more welcomer, they go on land together; but instantly followed such a crew of Turks as they presently became masters of the Bastione. Mounsieur that had Cicero's ears, diffident of the event, of so unusual a change, shifts himself from the general, takes Horse, and happily recovered to Barko, a Castle of the jenewayes, and escaped captivity, 312. were then captivated with 120. thousand pieces of eight in ready moneys, 400. Hogsheads of wine was there staved, the loose redowning to the French more than 100 thousand pounds sterling besides the benefit which they made by the Scale of 100 thousand Ductets a year declared, and so much for the French affairs with Argiere. Servility and bondage to an ingenious spirit is worse than death, which is common to all, this to the miserable. The danger of the Seas now keeps the Turks at home, and we galley slaves not to be idle, are set to hailing the Cart in lieu of Horses, some to sell water, to chop the Vineyard, and others to build houses: in the interim I am devising some course of way to effect my liberty: five of us combines together to take a boat some two miles from the town which frequently loaded Ballast; there having constantly but one Turk and two Christians Roars in her; more oars must be gotten, a Mast and sail, otherwise it had been madness, and to plunge ourselves into more mischief: in fine, four oars, a Mast and sail, Boraches for water, Bread and compass was provided, but all the difficulty was to get them out. For a piece of Eight and half I got a French man native of Saint Mallo, who had a good Mule to carry all, he and I loaded it, our act was just, but none of the wisest; and the French man fit for the purpose, we went in company to the town gate without question, but the ward overthrew the carriage, as too suspicious, and laid hands of the French man, who doubting nothing of the sufficiency of my warrant, having told him they were to be carried to my patron's Garden: in sum, I seeming all desperate whiles the French man was looking about for me to make answer, I left him, who could not accuse me, as neither knowing my name, my patron, nor where I dwelled. The poor man afterward with his partner, and a rogue mearely maintained to prevent the escape of Christians, sought me, but I kept house till the wonder was over, and was truly grieved for the detriment the poor man suffered by blows, not any ways worthy blame in me, as seeking my liberty; the poor man afterwards divers times met me, drew his knife and would have killed me, to which he ever made deep protestations with a great deal of French fury, which my English resolution cared not for; it's not the ill event of an action that can disanimate a good Spirit, the weak faint with every succeeding trouble, but the good heart recollects a double courage: In affliction we were afterwards more jolly company, being 13. and all English, who did join and make a Purse of 60. pieces of eight; our desire was to build a boat, myself the man elected to provide all necessaries, and made sole treasurer. My first inquisition was for a convenient Garden, and such a one as was manured by English men; a very commodious one was found, 27. Deal boards I bought, and had them sawed and carried forth, our vessel flowered, pitched and chalked; when within two nights we should have been all ready to depart, unfortunately one of our Carpenters discovered himself by carrying his Rule open in his hand, when coming without the gate, he thrust it up under his Doublet, was espied by a Moor, who gave advice to Dell Ishaw the spy, who with his company tracked him into the Garden, the subtle rogue taking his best advantage hid himself until the evening, and then came upon us naked, he and his crew came armed, took six of us, and carried us to the pasha's prison, where our patrons redeemed us paying 5. pieces of eight per head, three of my poor country men were cruelly beaten, whereof one died, my patron then being Armenia Mahamet Agga bid me welcome without giving me one blow, but if it had been Ally the general, I had lost my ears, and nose which is his custom. I was conscious to the calamities of my poor country men, not that we could impute blame to one another, for I account every Christian obliged to use all possible attempts for the effecting his liberty; for a man doth not only discover a pusilanimous heart, and indocible disposition in neglecting the least opportunity, but also commit a sin against God, who hath not given us wings to outflie our enemies, but reason to devise stratagems and hands to execute them.  
It is many years since Charles, the first Roman Emperor of famous memory assaulted that city where he received the loss of many of his galleys, and his Army dissipated, and it's now the 27. of March 1638. when by a Diver was discovered much of the ruins of that Armado, and watched by the Algiers, the whole side of a Galley entire, and the Timber as new, besides three pieces of brass Ordnance, and five pieces of Place, all without hurt or bruise, to which I was an oculer witness. Ambition is ever in trouble, and finds no intermission of painful throws, until it hath brought forth its abortive desires: my patron and master of 800. Christian slaves is devising more than usual employments, and such as caused great admiration amongst the people, and to add to his greater fame; he sends for the most esteemed and best Architects of those countries, and commences most rare and sumptuous architectures, or edifices for the lodging of soldiers, the thought of which caused a languishing dejection in all of us his slaves, as none of us exempted from those toils which was to us an interminable vexation, (Only the divine goodness that might prevent it) neither was this our sole Mulct, but greater was our castigation in being subject to so many Masters; as Builders, Gardiners, all spectators were our Commanders, and we obliged to obey. Lord what passions were in us miserable wretches, what with the impertinency of our detectores, and our assidious labours, as is no marvel that all things seem offensive to a crazed body: Maledictions wanted not to countermand the period of those fabrics; its time and truth that conquers, what the future of it may be, is beyond my thoughts to determine: in a vast and confused manner we left it when we were embarked on the galleys, the ninth of May, 1638. and the eleventh, launched from Argiere for that presupposed golden voyage, for that now Ally had promised to do wonders.  
Prosperity begets pride, and pride goes before destruction; combination was timely made the last winter with the Algiers, and Tunessians for the uniting of their Sea Forts, and for what end, but for the performance of some great exploit, eight galleys of the one, and as many more of the others were prepared, and armed. Who should be general Commander was not questioned; as who would oppose Ally of Argiere, for greatness renowned in all Africa: not only Turks presumed to do wonders, but also the Christians feared it; the one presuming on their strength, proudly boasted, they feared not all the galleys of the Messen nations: In sum, Jews and all made account the whole Orient of the Mediterranean Castle of Christendom should by this fleet be destroyed, and the common Merchants of Christian slaves, prepared moneys to buy, as if so many Slaves had been ready then in the Markets to be sold. But to the purpose, Tunis being in the way, the Algiers consent to go thither and so much the timelier, because Ally would show himself in every Port by the way; the Alerbes flock from all parts to him and he being ambitious takes no little pride▪ and glory in it. On the fourth of June we came to Besert, but the Tunis galleys were gone from thence three days before with Ordnance and other munition to fortify Susea. Alley, too great to enter the gates of this inferior town, was welcomed by the Senators or council without the wall, where he took Horse and posted for Tunis, whose King and whole Duana meets him upon the way, which was a great addition to his arrogance, and received him into Tunis a goodly city, and was smmptuously entertained and feasted; the inhabitants thought themselves honoured that might have the sight of his person and to raise his glory to the height he is made by the council general of the whole navy, and authorised to go whether he pleased. The Tunis captains all obliged to his command none mollopolised against him; Ally sent for his fleet to Tunis or the Galletta otherwise the ruins of Carthage: we must not be seen there but in the morning, and that with flags, Standards and Streamers waving, command was given to the Slaves to row proudly, which is with a long stroke one in half a quarter of an hour; the action, their heads bowed to the oars Geroone, their fall with a caper, a princely sport to the spectators, and most royal of navigations, but the most vile of all slaveries to the subjected; Presents came from the city to the galleys, white bread was not valued, there came such abundance that it fell to the Slaves palate, we having been there seven days most welcome to the Tunnessians. The Tunnies galleys were arrived, who were no sooner descried, but the Algiers weighs to use the compliment of meeting; and then he was the bravest Gallant that could show most silk: And certainly their standards were (for their worth and curiosity of rare verses written in them in Letters of Gold in the Turkish language) to be admired. They gave each other their valleys of small shot and their Ordnance, and so ended their salutation.  
Their thoughts traveled within them as a woman-in labour, who finds no rest till she be delivered. And they to hasten their designs went to Porta ferinea to tallow, and with all celerity set forward for the Christian shore. The first ship we met withal was the Love of London, near the I'll of Pautallereia, she was a goodly ship and the weather fair, but the Turk had nothing to say to her, we were next in chase of five Christian galleys who nimbly got from us: In the morning we arrived at Strombello, where we put ashore a frigate of Naples, the men all ranashore, three of them whether wilfully or otherwise I know not, but were devoured by those affrighting fires perpetually burning, able to invoke remorse in the most Flagitious and obdurate hearts, the noise being like the roarings of Hell. The others advised the Turks that those galleys which they had chased were of the city of Naples: and not only so, but which is most to be lamented to see how voluntary Christians are to discover the greatest secrets though to the ruin of their own countries, for what places hath the Turk taken but by the information of spies, natives of those places, who casting off grace, after their information receive rewards and turn Turk, and are instruments to ruinate their whole posterity. I have known three that have Pilated the Turk to the place where they were borne, and been instruments in the captivating of their own fathers and mothers and all their Lineage, taking their parts of the price for which their Parents were sold for in the Market, which served them for spending money, on whores, in taverns, and for worse vices. These Neapolitans advised the Turks of two galleys of that city, loaden with silks▪ whose Cargassoones were of excessive value, and bound for jenemay, and must pass that way and that within three days, but God turned that counsel to foolishness, for had they attended the time they could not have missed them.  
Ocootr●, a city in Galabria, and in the kingdom Naples was next aimed at as a place of riches, and in it esteemed 3000. people at mid day; having struck down their Masts, they Boaged for that place, yet made such delays as that they came not thither till fair day, but landed boldly; the people that could, did run away; the Turks took the city and rifled it, and brought away 115. persons, one whereof was the Bishop of that place, and 15. Nuns, the chief of which was x German to the Prince of Rochella, the other were impotent and aged people: then was the whole Coast in an uproar, and as we were passing by, they let fly their Ordnance at random, but the Turk to amplify his glory to the ignominy and reproaches of the Italian, passed through the valley of Messena, that City thundered but to little purpose, only to show the Turk what they could do if they were nearer; the bold Turk landed upon the main, and set on fire their houses, burnt fisher boats, passage boats, horses, and travellers, provision, without fear, harried all the Coasts, killing beeves, and other Cattle, and setting whole fields of corn on fire and committing many other outrages, to the great damage of the Country: insomuch, as it was disliked by some Turks themselves, and being now come to Rochella, they met with a Neapolitan ship of 20 guns, and having discharged 3. of them, they took his, and afterward set fire on her, and then being insolent were ready to attempt any thing, their prosperity made them mad. Mallapane a Renegado of the Greek Nation, who run away with a galley of the great Turks, which he sold in Tunis, for 26000. pieces of eight, informed them of a city lately sunk: wherein of many thousand souls which perished by that disaster, there only remained about 400 persons possessing great riches, living in cottages errected for their present necessities; his information was most joyfully received, and the projector not a little proud to be the Instrument of so great a benefit. The attempt was prosecuted, and at midnight 1500 Turks Landed to captivate and spoil those imagined more than distracted and forlorn people: Malapane was general conductor and he brought them to the city, which the day showed them to be standing, and sumptuous, who sent them such Orators, as made them use more haste back than good speed. This City was well known to ally captain Bashaw, who with 80. Galleys, and a power on Land, battered it 3. days and returned with shame, it is called Cotroone, and lies within 6. leagues of Cape, St. Mary's, the entering in of the gulf of Venice.  
Thus was Italy the eye of Christendom infestred by these Rovers. The Levant wind being high caused them to continue ●kale there for 7. days' space within a league of that City, in which time the Turk foreaged the Country, took many of the inhabitants that lived in villages, and remote houses, their galleys heads all day on Land and they cutting wood, making water, and dressing pillow a chief dish, pleasing their palates: no Native appeared in all this time for resistance, therefore by imagination they Reigned Kings, the wind calming withal celerity they advance, for their great explot: but he that with his incomprehensible eye seeth the actions and discerneth the intentions of all men, disposing things according to his Divine Will, as celeriously sends an obsticle to perturb their way. Such a Levant wind as for security they were forced to return to their former place of rendezvous. The next intermission of such huge and unwonted gusts, they again set forward, when not having rowed four leagues, were repulsed by the like occasion; no sooner re-anchored, but that furious Element, converts itself to calm mildness, and now the third time attempts the accomplishment of their high Ambition, and are repulsed, had they not been more insensate than errationalls, they could not but have repaired to the consideration from whence their so often countermand proceeded: in sum, God reserving them for a greater castigation, calms the wind, and they joyously advances, and now got Cape S. Mary's, the most orientalist part of Italy, and not to be discovered, strikes the galley's mast into the Cushea, or downeupon the deck, and each rows who shall be the formaste, to arrive to that middle Island in the Gulf of Venice, or as the Italian calls it Ill Isella de Methia, the 3000. Christians promised them by the spy, a man of more than sixty years of Age, and one that had lived a Christian in a Captives estate, 37. years, this great booty is now in an attained aggetation, stately Catria, a city in Sclavonia, occulerly presents herself unto them, the bag or stroke of the oar is reinforced to no little ditrament of the poor Christians; the All-sufficient God conscious to their endurances, commands the wind to Countermand the inexorable cruelties of their oppressors, by whose fury the Turk is desperated of better fortunes, nor had any of them the least hope but to have perished in that tempest: the Turk ignorant of the coast in this ecstasy, implors the knowledge of some Christian, to whom the danger of death was alike equal, and obtained, all consenting for the preservation of so many Christians lives, they harboured them in the port of Vollonia in the duchy of Albaine, but man that is not so sensible of the perfects health, as of the least sickness, so no sooner was this dangerover, having recollected good tackling, with other necessaries, they reconsulted whether to go; all of them deeply protesting never to return to Argere without sufficient purchase, answerable to so many difficulties endurances, & so great an adventure, their first project ever approved the best, for that in that Island there were at least 300. Christians; beside rich pillage and no difficulty in taking it, as being unfortified, yet others contrary opinioned, opposed, alleged the danger of the sea, which for a time caused a demur in some of them; yet concluded that when that should fail, they would fall upon some Greek town, which lived under the Great Turks obedience, and let his greatness take it how he would, they cared not, Sollymon Agga governor of the Country, advertised ally the general the nearness of Corfue, and of 2 Gallie asses, and 20. Galleys always kept there by the state of Venice to deffend their seas, who without all question, would soon come to have intelligence of their being there, but ally bravely replies, not to care for all the galleys of Venice much less for those in Corffue▪ Mahomet Bey a man better considerate and captain of the Tunise galleys, with other captains of both Cities entreats him to get some other Port for better security, but all council, the purchaser of goodness is contemned by him, news is at Corffue of these Gallants being in Vollonia. Marino Capella Proveditore or general of the Armatha, withal religious care uses more than ordinary expedition, for the Arming his navy; in a day and a night they are provided and ready, and Saturday morning, June 8. arrives in that Port with his whole Armatha: the Turkish galleys then at scale, their powers upon the Land; this Vollonia is a great Bay of 5 Leagues deep or long, Land locked on both sides, it hath in the plain a great Castle and well fortified, and in it a great number of excellent brass Ordnance; upon the hill or mountain of exceeding great height is another Castle overseeing a great part of the Country, and far discovering at Sea; which Castle discovering the Venetian navy, shot a warning piece, the word now forratendo, for we had then our tents up to keep us from the weather, which then rained, thundered, and lightened in most terrible manner, it is now time the Turk look about himself, they let slip their Cables, and road under the great Castle, there being in sight those that before they cared not for now fears them: it is too much to be a speaker and a doer, the deepest waters are the least heard, whereas the shallowest makes the greatest noise; the Turk is now consulting for best order of defence, and by general consent brings their poops to the shore, and their prowess to the Sea, their galleys lashed one to another, only leaving distance for the slaves to use their oars, for the galley's order; the foul weather and abundance of rain made the Venetian all improper to give an assault that day. Sunday morning after the performances, and rites of Christianity, they put abroad their flags, and standard, and with drums and trumpets, advances in the front where the two galleases thundering with their artillery, before the smaller galleys Ordnance could do execution. ally the general now solicits the virtuous Mustapha captain of the castle to defend his navy and people from the violence of the Naizerian misbelievers, which with store of pieces of eight he effected, as the French proverb says, silver answers to all; it is so powerful a prevailer with that Nation of the Turk, that giving them money with one hand, they may put out their eyes with the other; powder and Gunners are sent into the Castle, which is not a trivial one but contains an English mile in curcumference: in sum, it is a place strong both by Art & Nature, having in it more than 150 pieces of brass Ordnance; the best that ever I saw. Mustapha, the captain now displays the Horse Taile, or royal insigne of the great Turk, and stoutly defends the Barbariscos party, the fight is hot on both sides, and in spite of the Castle, had the Venetian continued it but half an hour longer the Barbariscoes had all leapt into the Sea, and left their galleys and 4500. Christians captives to their virtue, but as to the unfortunate there never wants succeeding troubles; in the interim this disaster befell us, one of the captains of the galleases lost his arm, upon which she retired, dissension falling betwixt the Venetians, the major part of the captains commanded a retreat, contrary to the will of that noble general Marine Capella, who for his worth and valour may be ranked amongst the greatest captains of those times. Thus ended that fight which had continued near three hours to the glory of the Turk for that present, who for joy gave their feesses or out cries, Alla, Alla, Mahomet, and Rosallah, which is God, God, alone; and Mahamet his prophet thundering with their great Ordnance and valleys of small shot, in derision of the Christian virtue, whiles the Venetian retired to their place of first ankoring; immediately sent a galley for Venice to advise the Serinissimo Prince and illustrious Sinate, what accurred; Demanding their future pleasures concerning those Turkish Pirates: there's many Snake lies hid under Stawbury leaves for all this great flash of the Turkish glory; they are yet timorous what the event will be, and to prevent the worst, the same night they difinbarqued all their Christians, carries them a mile into the country, and erected Tents in the field for their randavowes, being all well coupled ten and ten together in chains, they also makes a Trench opposite to their galleys to play the brave fellows in, and having been blocked up by the Venetians near a month grows weary and distasteful of such command ● in sum the one and the other having their especials of each others condition; the Turk is informed the Venetian to be very slenderly manned, as not having one galley with another above forty, some but thirty soldiers, which indeed was true: the Turks are now ashamed, and blames sums cowardliness, and withal haste tallowes and prepares their galleys which are soon accommodated, but before a supply of soldiers is come to the Venetians from Corffue, but without the Turks knowledge they now call a council and concludes to send Mustapha captain of the Castle to treat with the Venetian general, and under that pretence to spy out and discover their Forces. Mustapha goes to them, parleys with Marine Cappella, and according to their wonted custom, falls to dissimulation, exhibits Allies letter to that general; demands by his permission and favour free passage, for that he came not thither prepensedly, but being bound for Constantinople to serve his Emperor was put into their Seas by extremity of weather, and to authenticate it, exhibited to the Venetian general, the great Turks letter, but Marine Capella Semper Idem, refuseth all treaty with them, and had good cause of incredulity by good intelligencers. Mustapha returns with this answer, that if they would come forth they should be most welcome, and courageously received, but to their own perils; and that if it fortuned they to carry him, he must have patience: but if it fortune he to carry them, as he hoped in the mercy of Jesus and the virtue of their patron S. mark he should, they must have the like; he also saw the Venetians well armed, and having delivered this answer to Ally he is not a little perplexed; the Venetian on their parts as vigellent as the Turk, had there especially some Turks, others Albinesses, and Jews of the country, by whom he got daily information of the Turks proceedings, excellently well played on their parts; they employed Turks averse in religion and condition to the Christians, who without suspicion every day eat and drank with the enemy: Consequently the better able to inform the Albinesses and Jews they employed to accuse the validity or invalidity of the Turks, reports the Venetian conformable to good intelligence, ordereth his Armatha, the galleases were placed where the Turks must pass, if they attempted it; and every night having their frigates and Boats which came under the Castle walls, and to the very prowess of the galleys which so daunted the Turks that they now utterly dissisted from their resolution of combat, and all amort are devising a new way to secure the Slaves, if the Venetian should land his Forces, and aim to fetch them off by force: 500 of us were put into a Tower in the Castle; all lying 10. and 10. in chains, a place as dark as Pitch, and a foot thick in dust, but it's now seven weeks since the arrival of the Venetian Armatha in this Port, and their galley sent to Venice for further order is returned, the Prince and synod authenticats Marine Capellas doings, that what his excellence should do, should be well done, nor does he omit any time to illustrate his zeal to the divine majesty and valour to ruinate so many miscrante enemies to the faith of Christ: who as break of day commences a second battle with thundering off great Ordnance, and valleys of small Shot; for although the Venetians carries not so many soldiers in their galleys as the Turk does, yet have they this advantage of them, that upon any occasion they arm their Bonavollies and condemned men, who upon promise of liberty or other reward will fight bravely; the Turk leaves their galleys and runs into the Castle, Christians they force to be Gunners, the two Galliasses with 4. other smaller galleys, batters that Castle whilst the others board the Turkish galleys, lay their fasts to them, and roaes them away; thus Nobly did the Venetian end this fight in less than an hour, to their glory and the infamy of the Barberiscos: great murmurings were now amongst the Turks against Ally their general, who has no other way to escape their fury and revenge, but by open handed liberality, wherein he promised to relieve the soldiers present necessity: In sum his generosity is universal to the relief of that ruinated company, as well Christians as Turks, and he promised the remuneration of all the captains, by refurnishing them with as many galleys as they had lost. The hurly-burly with these glorious proffers being over; Ally now seeks all the coast, and recollects the greatest shot the Venetians had made against them, which he since presented to the great Turk, whom he intercedes for remuneration and revenge, urging a breach of peace, in that the Venetian surprised their galleys in one of his Master's Ports. But three days after that fight he marched from Volloniea to Sellenico in Arcadia, leaving behind him only fifty eight Christians in great indisposition, whereof myself was one, so feeble as accounted a dead man; but such is the goodness of God as endureth daily: It pleased the divine majesty to keep me in a languishing sickness. I was three times recovered, and three times down in relapse of a most violent Fever, but thanks be unto God that hath not given me over as a prey to their teeth; in 35. days after returned a Bullabash of Argiere, with order from our Patron or Master Ally, to carry us all for Arcadia, but the Bullabash returned thither only with seventeen men, which were indifferently recovered, some being dead, and the rest very sick, but God so provided for me, that I was consciously commisserated by the Bullabash●, who left me to receive better fortune.  
Certain Turks were left with us a Guardians or Keepers, others to oversee those materials belonging to the galleys, landed before their surprisal, whereof the chief was Murate, by a Renegatha of the Corceca nation, a person of great honour in Argiere, lieutenant general of the Armatha, a father in Law to Ally the general, a man of an hundred and four years of age, whose desire was to die in the face of Christians fighting the battle of Mahomet; three days after the Bullabashes departure died in Volloniea.  
God that had preserved us in so many inevitable dangers, did also restore some of us to more than an ordinary strength of body, from so great feebleness and such poor means for recovery: no sooner were we able to stand upon our legs, but we are studious how to bring to pass our liberty; fourteen of us being in reasonable strength resolves to give the attempt, yet some pusellanimous, base spirit proves a traitor, informs the Guardion of our intentions, and not only so, as being resolved to run away, but also to kill him; for his report we are all Castigated, and our case piteous. Command was given to the soldiers of the Castle to look vigilently unto us; that death is better than so base a life, nor could this deter or disanimate us from our resolution to attain liberty or death, no time so fit as the present, come what will come.  
All were in chains, four and four except a Spaniard, the supposed dear friend of our Guardion, and myself dispenser of the house; it fortuned our Guardion to go to the next town, called by them Deshera some mile off, in whose absence we used such Art as we got all the rest out of chains, and the Locks again so put in, as to be taken out with our fingers; in the evening returns our Keeper, well fuddled or well drunk, whereby no search was made to our Fetters that night: It being Saturday, the 22. of October 1638. betwixt twelve and one hours in the night we rose together, two rouses the ablest men amongst us, throw their coats over their faces and would not go: A gersy man, and by trade a Cooper, was so drunk that he could not go, but my grief is for those poor souls, whose indisposition was such as they could not go; I was conscious to their piteous moans but could not help them, what became of our Keeper I cannot tell, my consorts told me they had not done him any violence; he had good clothes and some pieces of eight, of which we took not any with us, but left all, as a testimony of our generosities as to contemn all terrene materials, preferring penurious liberty before Fetters of Gold: our provision was some bread, and we also carried a Boracha for water, and a double Rope, with which we scaled the Castle walls: In this manner we departed, four English men, one Welsh man, a gersy man, two French men, one Spaniard, one Majorcine, a Neopolitan, a Greek, and a boy of Malta; in our passing through the Castle, although it be full of houses and people, we heard only the barking of a dog, and having gone near two miles, took the shore side for our director. God that never fails those that trust in him, so provided for us, that we found two boats, one of them having a mast standing, her we embraced, and sunk the other, to prevent their pursuing after us; and having rowed two nights and a day, we recovered the I'll of Corfue, and landed at a Monistary called Saint Catterines, where we were courteously received by the Greek Fathers; at noon we rowed to the Monestery of Madone, where we had intelligence of a galley being some two miles from thence cutting wood, and that night to go for the city of Corfue. The captain Illustricemo de Molimea entertained us with all courtesy received us into his galley, and carried us for that city and presented us to the providitor of the island; who after our examination not a little to his content, sent us to the general galley of Venice, where we had a supper and lodging that night, and the next day a pass, and imbarcation for Venice: being now to render thanks unto the Lord who has done this great work for me in delivering me from such an inextrecable labarinth of misery, blessed be God that hath broken that snare, and set my foot in a large room, not unto us O Lord, let unto thy name be the glory; I am now in my way to Venice upon the galley of Counterine; the first scale we made was at Budway in Epire; our second at Catriea, a sumptuous City in Sclavonia; our third at Rogousea, famous for antiquity and strength, being an absolute sinury, having many other Cities to her obedience, and in joying an ample patrimony, only it's her misery to be tributary to the great Turk, to whom for dismollistation they pay yearly 40000. pieces of eight: our fourth anchoring was at Lessena, our fift at Spellata, our sixt at Sabainica. a sweet city famous for her Port and invincible Castle in the Sea; our seventh at Zara, a sumptuous and spacious city; we are shortening our way and come to Saint Peter's in Dalmathiea, and also passed other Cities not so remarkable as the rest, I do therefore omit to nominate, at Polla in Istra we met with the general galley of Argiere, and sometime the glory of Barbary, which with one more presented by the Venetians to the Pope are all that remains of that 16. Galleys of the Turk, the rest being sunk in Corfue: we are come to Ruena, a pretty city and most fertile country, and from thence to Perenca, a city destroyed by the Pope's excommunication: In sum with sight of other Cities I arrived in Venice, where I embarked upon the great Charles of Bristol, and having been at Sefelenea and Zaunt, am in agetation to survive to see the natural place of my habitation.  
Thus have I recorded a plenary memorial of my seven years' bondage, but not the several accidents of my endurances, there wanting in me ability to divulge them, for as there is no calamity can befall a man in this life which hath the least parallel to this of captivity, neither are the endurances of Captives equal, although the least without the divine assistance were insupportable; yet are they all easy in Comparison to that of the galleys which is most inhuman and diabolical and such as doth rather, imperverse men then replete any good humour in them; good fortune to me is a singular mutive to modesty, and a forcible spur to moderation; prayers win me, menances reject me, favours relent me, fears imperverseth me: alas, such are their ditraments, as causeth them to curse the day of their Nativities, and the parents that engendered them, and if it were to die to curse God himself, I speak it with awful timour: in their passions they renounce heaven, S. Peter, and all sanctity; in their agonies or discontents, they vessially spit against the wind, disputing whether God and Nature be conspired against them, when it is either calm or contrary; for a drop of water they would pawn their souls, and often are constrained to drink of the Salt Oceans; their repast at best but bread and water, and for want of sleep are in continual ecstasies; the strokes of the oar is dollerous, and with its assiduousness many splits their hearts at it, in this misery all things makes against themselves: the scorching heat now penetrates their brains, their flesh is burned off their backs, when anon they are as much pinched with cold: strong fetters are their nearest consorts from which they are never exempted, unless for equal miseries; their repose, when they have any, is sitting, their pillow the bank up right, and that double, not having so much room as to stretch their legs; their sleep when they have any is an hour in twelve, and that at night, when the one half Roaes and the other slumbers: a call of a Whisell awakes them all three hundred or more of them, their audiance and leap must be altogether; the discpline take oar in hand, the stroke regular and punctiall, their heads shaved unto the skull, their faces disvigured with disbarbing, their bodies all naked, only a short linen pair of breeches to cover their privities, they Mount and fall like Appe and Camille, for so is the command: from Poop to Prow nothing but excecrations and passing of blows: Who has not his head and face broken, all their bodies pearled with a bloody sweat? Nay, which of their senses is not a window to let in sorrow? if chased by the Christian galleys, by whom they may be relieved, they are then forced to put might and main, to run from them, the Turks standing with drawn sables over their heads, and if by feabelnes any faints, has his arms or head Cut off: they are beaten to put on their clothes and beaten to take them off, they are beaten, to eat, drink, sleep, and wash, and are beaten for doing any of these; what shall I say more of these exorbitant men, who had they the virtue of patience, reposing sure confidence in the Divine majesty, I presume, God would deliver them, so wishing them grace, whilst lamenting their estates, left in those torments, many of whom I love most dear, do end this discourse, desiring God to send them liberty.  
The End of the First book.    

THE SECOND book:  
Wherein is contained the description of Argere, its first rising to this greatness, its Government, the particular denomination of its Governors, its Revinewes, its Forces by Sea and land, its Victories, its Inhabitants, its Lands, Territories, and Riches.  
HOw many thousand of the Europian people have not only lost their estates and been utterly ruinated; but also what an innumerable Company of Christian souls, hath been perverted by the city of Argere, is by miserable experience, known unto most people: so her fame on the contrary hath spread itself unto all the Mahometan Nations, insomuch as Chineses, and those other Eastern people have been allured unto her, in all parts of the Great Turks Dominions, and amongst the fierce and warlike Tartars, she is termed Sultan Jossier the Golden and King of Cities: here soldiers are of the bravest and most desperatest of all Turks, so esteemed for valour and that with the grand Segniour himself, who ascribes them the preëxcellence of virtue above his own janissaries, this City was in the year of Grace, 1414. taken from the Christians by Barba Rosha, and other 32. Turks pirates in a Frigate accidentally putting into that Port, yet hath for its situation, bordering to the West, the kingdom of Muritaniea, East the kingdom of Cokosse, South the Zara, and North the Meditaranian sea: situated 5 leagues in the Bay called Monta Fusa and is built on the side of a hill presenting itself to the spectators at Sea, East, West, and North, 8. or 10. leagues, in form of a top sail hoist, her houses built staire-like one over the other, enjoying a most wholesome air and pleasant situation: scarce any house of the City but hath the prospect of the Sea, there are in her many stupendious and sumptious edifices, though outwardly for the Major part present themselves but simple and rude; her cercuite doth not exceed 3. Miles, in which circumference are a multitude of people, and excessive Riches, in gold, plate, and household furniture her women for beauty give place to none. So for their immunities are not to be paralleled by ●y, they have an Indies in diamonds, pearls, gold chains, and other rich vestures, insomuch that it occasioneth a proverb amongst the Turks, who says there is three things that distroyes the world; the Christians in Law, the Jews in Feasts, and they upon their wives. But having spoken in general of the wealth of this city, I will also inform you who are the possessors of it; the Turk is he that fights for all, both by Sea and Land, and by his power as conqueror keeps all the other sort of the inhabitants as Vassals in great subjection, yet in substance is but a slave unto them, as possessing goods by imagination, and the others possessing the essentials: for the moors and Tageriens are the owners of Lands and ships, and the only armourers of them, whom I may compare to the main Sea, and the Turks but as rivulets or small streams to empty themselves in the great Ocean, for besides their pay and shares, they get at Sea, they enjoy for the Major part but little others, of which the taverns Whores, and worse Vices serve to sponge them: in sum, they are slaves to the toils and hazards of Fortune and their aussiduous travels, and have no free exemption from them, until they come to be Bullabashes, and when Musullagaes, having passed all offices and made all benefits, which their youthly toils may infe●●e them in, they shoot their arrows and unbend their bows and are exempted from all, having 40. shillings a month pay with houses, and enjoy a life void of all cares, yet some Turks there are of them, that are excessively rich, yet but few.  

Of its description in general.  
THis city, on all parts, to the Land, is walled, and of sufficient strength, it is also moated and trenched, besides being situated upon a hill, that hath on the West side of it so great a dale and assent, as by ordinary conjecture, there is no means possible to assault her on that side. She hath a most sumptuous mould, and on it built a Castle of excellent workmanship, in the midst of it, North upon a tide from the Sea gate, in which is planted 16. pieces of brass Ordnance, the chiefest and strongest Fort to the Sea is that called the Tapona, in which are 12. pieces, of great weight, and goodness; many other block-houses, are on that side, but the city generally unwalled to the sea, where ship of greatest burden may come within Musket shot and batter her: nor can any shot be in vain, her edifices being as I have before rehearsed, and are all built with brick, and that very slender, her streets narrow, and she infinitely populour, so that if ever she be forced, it must be with a good fleet by sea, and also sufficient Land Forces, must be necessarily required, her walls are abundantly stored with brass Ordnance: and upon two mountains she hath as I may term them the bridle and the saddle, two Castles, the one commenced in a night by Charles, the fifth Roman Emperor, the other built by the Tageren●, each commanding the other, and both the city; there is also the stirrups, which they call the Alcassaba, in which they hold their great council; it is also their magazine or great store house, of ammunition and Provision, and Treasure, in which is yearly laid up for their future occasions, 500000. dubles, accounting each double to the just English shilling, and this great place of strength is only kept by 200. bullabashers' chief men in council: to the West near half a mile, without the city is also Bab●lwaite Castle, built at the charge of a certain Bashaw or vice King, of the Rowse Nation. When it was taken by Barba Rosha, it was no other, than a vast wilderness, but he following his pirasses, and getting wealth by that trade, had in short time great companies of Turks and Allarbies resorting to him, whereby it greatly increased it, not to fame, commodiousness, nor beauty, until Philip the third, King of Spain banished the Morisc●●s, from his Country, of which sort many came unto this city, whereby it increased in ingenuity of Arts in Fortifications, in buildings, in planting fruits not known there before; in Arming ships with great alacrity, to do spoil upon Christians, in exhausting the price of Captives, adding new torments to them, and by exacting great ransoms from them, to sponge them to the dregs, since whose arrival to her, that city hath flourished to the Admiration of the Turk and is now become famous, for her high hand carried over all the Christian Navigations, and her great booties gotten daily from them, for her buildings, and they so compact, as there is not a foot of waste ground, or garden in all the city: commodious for her abundance of fountains, in all parts of her, and concavity for the passage of ordure and excrement from all houses and corners; honoured with Artificers, beautified with rich shops, and adorned with the abundance of all necessaries, worthy the regallaring so Noble a city; all which she enjoys by the industry of the Tagerins, and its permanency by favour of the great Turk, whereby she hath so long reigned by the ruins of all Christians uncontrolled: the great Turk lodging this thief in his house, to no other purpose, nor will permit any Christian-Prince to take revenge against this city, putting them off with imperative answer, that it is his, where although he Commands least, only receiving from her 20000 pieces of eight a year, which is not paid him as a Tribute, but merely as a reward, to this dissimulation in tolerating and protecting them in their most contested, inexecrable and infamous doings, participating in their Robberies, receiving besides other presents of boys, which if Gentlemen are customarily presented to him, for all which he rewards them with the honour of wearing his fool's coats, and their captains by sending them flags, and other favours, as his greatness pleaseth to bestow upon them.   

Of its Government.  
THey have for their gimause Ecclesiastical or Church government, chief of all other sorts of Priests, a mufti which custom they have taken from the Christians, and has the title amongst them of an Archbishop, and is of the Arabian Nation; many other sorts of Priests are amongst them; different to one an other, as their several habits do demonstrate, which commonly goes under the name of Tollops, excepting their Marabotes esteemed men of greatest sanctity by the Arabians, and the Dervises, of greatest estimation with the Turk. The chief in temporal matters is the Cadie or chief Justice, but to speak of those that sway in government, the greatest personage in that city, is the general of the galleys, who has his place for term of life and yearly, 40000. shillings revenue: there are also four other personages as their bees, Alcaids, or Generals of their Campe●● the greatest person in council or other ways, their sole director in matters of state is their Hossia or secretary; yet all of these obliged to the wills of the Duanna, or council, at whose pleasure are their preferments, honours, estates, and lives; they of the council being so absolute in themselves, as that they have infallability and deffectability, power to make laws and obtrude them, whereby all those afore nominated officers are but as Ciphers, serving only as interpreters to them, whose will is their reason: they have no written laws, but observe tradition and customary statutes for their government; they seldom Judicate upon mature deliberation, but do all in a fury: their custom is first to execute the delinquent, and after judge him: to conclude, they have no certain rules of Justice, but what their fancies leads them.   

Of their governors.  
THey have a basha or Vice-King, who comes from Constantinoble, and by Nation must be a Renegado, and one bred and educated in the great Turks Surray or Court; he represents the Grand signiors person, yet not elected by him, but buys the place of the captain Basshaw, who for 10000 pieces of eight gives him a flag which he presents to the great Turk, who has not at any time, been known to contradict the captain Basshaws grant herein, but Authenticates his election, gives unto the new Basshaw letters of credit, unto that common wealth, so goes for Argere, his time limited but for a year, yet fortunes to remain there in dignity of Basshaw 3. or 4. years, as it frequently accidents, some to die by the way, or some other disaster to befall them: his intent is profit, and not honour; at his doubling the point of Mountafous he is obleiged to discharge a piece of Ordnance as notice to the present Basshaw, to depart the palace with all his materials, for such is their custom, that all that the new Basshaw finds in the palace, to seize upon it as his own: The Argeres ever receiving the new with joy, for that every soldier's pay is then raised to a double in the month. The Duanna with all reverence meets him upon the Mould, from whence they convey him to his palace on horseback; his Secretary riding before him, carrying the horse tail, or royal ensign of the Great Turk, his music also on horseback; but the council of the city rides not on horseback only, the Aga general of the soldiers, his Kaiea or second, with the 24. Aiabasshes, with many other Bullabashes on foot, their coats loose and long, their hands laid one upon the other, and both upon their girdles, their eyes dejected to the ground, 120. Oddabasshes follows them, having sterts of gold, half a yard long, and palm broad, set on their heads, wearing feathers in a round hoop, which covers all their bodies, (60) of these carrying naked Cimitaries, up right against their breasts; the other (60) carrying Carbines of excellent workmanship, and great value, (6) Chouses or pursuivants goes before to make way for their passage, which is the manner of welcomming this Kingly fellow to that city, and a naked palace, and himself as naked: the great men of the city presents him for three days, many dishes of meat, which many of them have received, as honey in their mouths, but it ever proves gravel in their throats; yet hope is of that noble faculty as it is able to replenish his Master's indigency and necessity with all things, its rare that any of them goeth away with almost a coat to his back; two of them in my time went away miserable poor, having after the expiration of their times, and the arrival of a new Bashaw, lain many months' prisoners in chains, and their Equipage as fatal, for three treasurers to Mustapha Bashaw, a man of 104. years of age, succeeding one another in place, did likewise succeed each other in the manner of their deaths, who in 17. days' time poisoned themselves one after another, wanting money to give the soldiers pay, and s●aring what the fury of the Duanna would do unto them. Durg●ot● Bashaw, for the like cause they pounded in a mortar, never went any away fairly. But Vsuph Bashaw sometimes my Patron, who was thought to carry substance with him, yet in his Vice-gerenele was three times forced to take the Marabont house for sanctuary to save his life, & had not fortune extraordinarily helped him had other ways inherited the miseries hereditary to those bashaws: yet wants there not those who solicit and make friends, and give moneys to obtain the place, such biters are that nation at the golden hook, that I presume if it were at hell for gold they would not refuse that bait. He now interests himself in wretchedness, his place calls him to give the pay, and the soldiers will have it, 600. Musallagas. 800. Bullabashes, 424 Oddabashes, and the number of soldiers uncertain. Imperially demands it, he has not a certain number of soldiers to pay, for they receive all the Turks that came, all free Christians that turn Turks and Renegadoes, whose masters makes them to turn Turks; provided he has his Master's consent thereto, for it is in their pleasures to keep them slaves perpetually, and their posterity; the number of them in dead pay is also uncertain, being according as children are borne, for that every soldier's son at his birth day is entered into two shillings a month pay, his charge is augmented by 1200. Sways or horsemen which chiefly follows them for hope of spoil; for a Turk may not pillage any thing of the conquered, for if he saw a crown of Gold lying at his feet and should go to take it, the next soldier to him upon pain of death is obliged to cut off his head, referring the spoil to the base and undeserving, but that a Turk should account the honour of victory, the greatest recompense of reward, and those ignoble sort of soldiers have but four shillings a month pay; this Bashaw is also obliged to maintain the Bullabashes in the Cassaba with victuals, with Horses, when they go in camp; and also to the soldiers to carry their Baggage, the cook's Kettles and to furnish them with Powder, Shot, Tents and other necessaries, and once in 15. days to make the whole council a feast, to maintain the household expenses of the Agga or general of the soldiers: Besides giving him if he sit but three days in that chair 1000 shillings and if two months no more, for so their manner is to abide in that dignity, yet few of them have been known to have continued that time of two months. Of their elder Bullabashes they elect their 24. Ayabashes, and of their elder Ayabashes they make their Kaia, and this Kaia is made Agga; yet he upon sufficient reason given may excuse himself of the place, yet with consent of the Duana or council. I have known many to sit down; and immediately rise again, and in a day four or five of them to do the like, at such time as any great difference or stir hath been amongst them: I knew one of them a man of good esteem, through timour and conscience, a great matter of importance being to be iudicated, made an appollogicall excuse and refused the place; but the Duana took him down, gave him 200. blows and after with less ease made him resit in the chair to do justice; from which when they are dismissed, turn Mussullagas, and are then exempted from all toils, troubles, or Duana matters, and are only called thither at such times as some infrequent matter is presented, and the like hath not passed in their Bullabashes times. When they send for the ancients of the Mussallagas, to know if any such had occured in his government, who gives his answer and opinion and departs; the third in place are the Oddabashes, who are the last in council, nor do these enjoy an equal pay, but according to their service; for if there be a nation that retains the discipline of the Romans they are these; no man is preferred to place by descent or valour; as well the sheep as the lion: First they are soldiers, and have but four shillings a month pay, and four breads, which they raise by service, for every time they go in the Army; to a shilling upon the nativity of every son of the great Turke● to another upon any victory that the great Turk hath, to another for every enemy's head they cut off, to another upon the coming of a new Bashaw, to another from a soldier they rise to Avichellhage or steward, to Anodabasshe, and so to Abullabasshe, to an Ayabasshe, to a Kaya, and in fine to Agga, and then Mussould or turned out; so that it is fortune that brings them in place, but not in pay, a new soldier by the death of his Officers come to place but it is Service that advances their pay; the soldier has but 4. breads a day, the Oddabashe the like, the Bullabashe 8. the Ayabasshe 24. provided they be not married, for when they marry they lose their bread and houses: most of the Bullabashes have houses Rent-free, yet gets them by favour, for when a Bullabasshe is very sick, sends word to his best friend, that is destitute of a house, for his Cimitary, which he gives order to have drawn, whereby if he dies, his friend is put in possession, according to their custom and proverb; for they say they rose by the sword, they live by the sword, and they shall end and perish by the sword: the most profitablest places are those of the Ch●wsses or pursuivants, who must be natural Turks, and are in Number 6. Continuing in Office six years, during which term they enjoy many privileges, and at the expiration of their times turns Bullabashes, having passed a life free of care, and gotten many thousand pieces of eight. The next to them in matter of profit, are the Archesse or cooks, and are in Number 120, who succeed one another in place till they be Archabasshes or Arch-Cookes, when they turn Oddabasshes, and their last year of Service in that Office worth them, 1500. pieces of eight, during which time they are interdicted the company of women: I knew one of them taken in company of a women, by one of his fraternity, had presently his turbant torn off his head, and was led as a malefactor, before the Duana, whose first demand to him was whether there wanted boys. In sum, they degraded him, and mulcted him with 500 blows, for transgressing these Ancient customs. In fine the Basshaw is but a figure, and received by them mearely to take that charge and trouble upon him, which all of themselves of the great ones refuses: there are four Allcaids or generals of camps; which by Nation must be Renegadoes, and these are excessive rich, for all they can extort from the moors above the King's tribute they put into their own purses, for which the Allarbies exhibits continual comp●●●ts against them; one of the chiefest of them in my time was in council like to be to●e in pieces, nor have they any other way to prevent the like accident, but by keeping themselves indebted to the treasury and chiefest men in council: great obligation had Caide Muxate to Ha●sa Hosiea, who in that hurly-burly, wherein the whole Duana were in a confusion; after a sign and beckoning with the hand, 〈◊〉 in this manner unto them; Fathers, brethren, and sons▪ this accused person is indebted to the common treasury 200. thousand dubles, wherefore look well what you do, and take notice of the first man that offers him violence, that he may pay his debts; upon which they desisted and the Alcaide escaped that danger. With them is no pleading or capitulating of causes, for a mere oration doth but bring a man's life into question, the word with them is, shall it be so or shall it not be so, geller gellimesse, shall he come or not come, they stand in ranks passing the word by a Chouse or pursuivant; their action, their hands upon their bellies, jetting each other with their arms or elbows, raising their voices as they are in choler, or as a pot boileth with the addition of fire, until they are many times all in a combustion; they have a wise prevention of a greater mischief, so that these two particulars are commanded by them upon deepest paine● not to drink wine, or any strong liquours before their coming to 〈◊〉 house or place of Duana, or to wear or carry a Knife thither, 〈◊〉 ancient proverb causes I believe these cautions; for they say that blood shall begin at that Duana place, and run down into the Cava which is a thousand paces; I have known them so much divided, as their Agga, 24. Aiabasshes and Cadie, all turned out of places at one time: in brief it is such a government as the like is nowhere else in the world, yet are they that governs in their actions otherwise grave, wearing their turbans, in greatness, and their beards in length as they are in office; but what is most to be admired at, is that when they are but Common soldiers, they are most publicly flagitious, taking shame as no enormity, but when they come to the place of Duana men, they are present Metamorphosis, which were it not so popular were more to be admired; they are generally illiterate, yet are their doings famously esteemed in the grand signiors' Court, as appears by this, that when his greatness is any ways discontented and that none of his Visseares dare speak unto him, they replete a good humour in him by presenting to his sight the government of Argire. They have two great Duana days weekly, Saturday in the Allcassaba, and Sunday morning in the basshawes' house; how ever they sit every day in council: if a Christian hath any matter of importance, it must be treated in the Allcassaba, yet is no Christian permitted to enter that place, but must stand at the door, send in his demands by the Trugman or Interpreter, who is a Renegado, by whom they return their answer; not is a Christian permitted to speak publicly in Duana, nor will they have any matters delivered them but in the Turkish tongue, and by a Trugman.   

Of governors in particular.  
THe Agga who is general of the soldiers and chief in council.  
The Kaiea his second.  
The 24. Ayehasshes or 24. in place of council.  
Bullabasshes are 800. these sway in council.  
Addabasshes are 424. and wear a red cloth in their caps in manner of a tongue, with a wrested turban, a long coat, and are not permitted to wear any other garment.  
The Hassia, their only councillor, whose advice they receive as an Oracle.  
Six Ch●wsses all wearing vestes like the Oddabashes, and are apparelled in green coats, made of a fashion peculiar to themselves for their better knowledge; they have the sole power to apprehend Duanna men, provided they have a warrant from the Agga; nor may they take a soldier by any part of his body, but by the girdle, nor doth the soldier upon pain of death dare resist him: infinite privileges do these soldiers enjoy, for i● a Tagerine or Moor strikes one of them, he has his hand immediately cut off. I knew a sheriff, a Sect that Lineally derives themselves from Mahomet, being most egrediously abused by a soldier, in his choler struck him, he was presently apprehended: for this custom is amongst them, that any of them crying sherellah, which signifies, God's Justice, and the contrary party shall refuse to go, to the place where Justice is administered, all persons present are obleiged to assist the plaintiff, so that ordinarily they drag such as makes any wilful resistance: this sheriff being for his offence brought before the council, interceaded by way of privilege and respects of blood, but he only obtained this courtesy, that they cut off his left hand, whereas usually they cut off the right hand of all others that offend in like nature. Whiles these soldiers live unmarried, they all live in Courts of Guard, called by them Cassheries, pieces of excellent workmanship and commodity; nor may any of them lie out at night without leave of their lieutenant, whom they call their Oddabashe, who has power to castigate them for any offence they do commit, so it be not criminal, yet has the soldier this privilege, that if he conceives his lieutenant to envy him, to appeal to the Duana, which however if any of them do, are sure to suffer a double Jerking: for that in the Courts of Guard they may not give more blows than did the Jews to Paul, forty save one, and those must be given by the lieutenant himself, and that upon his knees, and he obliged upon like castigation, not to carry his arm above his head, yet so obedient are these soldiers to their Commanders, that after beating they rise and pray for the perpetuation of the faith of Mahomet, and prosperities of the shadow of God, their Emperor. Of their bassa, their Fathers, the governors and commonwealth of Arger●, and kiss their Officers hand and head, thank him for his favour in Correcting them, and promise for future time to live more regular, and being premonished by the lieutenant, he is discharged: for criminal causes they are carried to the Alcassaba, where they are mul●ted according to their offence. I have known many there beaten to pieces, in matter of Duana men, upon the least suspicion or accusation, they are instantly strangled and thrown into the sea, where having lain 24. hours, they are weighed by their friends and buried: other Officers there are, but have no voice in council, as the Arches or cooks, and are 124. their duty is to purvoy the city with flesh; the admiral of their ships and Sea captains are in great estimation, yet have no voice or command in counsel, and are all once a year obleiged to go to sea, otherways are sent into the camps, where they are no more privileged than the common soldiers.   

Of its Revinewes.  
THey send out 4. Camps yearly into the Country, exacting from the Allubies excessive Tributes, who were it not for their own civil dissensions, and they politicly stirred up by the Turk for their own advantage, were not otherwise able to put their faces out of the gates of Argiere, but making this opportunity the moors plague, they March many hundred miles, triumphing over Millions of the Natives the Allarbies, and that not with thousands of soldiers but with a handful of men, and they without discipline; I mean of postures, or common probability, they receive from their camp called Tittere, being North East from Argere, bordering upon the kingdom of Cook●●e, from which King they receive no Tribute but from the Allarbies inhabiting the plains, Vicenteres, to that Prince they dubles. have yearly. 200000.  
From their second camp, called piscary in the sandy deserts bordering upon the Zara and Nigars' Country 24, days in their March thither. South upon a line, in which Country grows do corn grain, their sole feeding being Rice and Dates, pays them yearly 200000.  
They also by this camp receive tribute from the Nigars who send them yearly 200. of their Children.  
Thirdly, shark, extending West as far as Bot●yea, and the kingdom of Muritanea or Tremassine pays 
400000.  Gorbe, extending its territory as f●er in the Orient as Tobarco. A Castle in possession of the Genousa pays. 
400000.  From their Garissins, as Constantina. 
050000.  From Bonna, a Port town. 
050000.  From the, Bastyone when it was in possession of the French. 
090000.  From Tobarco they receive yearly. 
010000.  From Colla a Port town. 
040000.  From Gigery a Port town. 
015000.  From Buggea a Port town. 
040000.  From Shershell a Port town they receive yearly. 
40000.  From Massagan a Port town 
50000.  From Massagonem, a Port town. 
50000.  From Trimassin, Metropolitan city of the kingdom of Murita●iea they yearly receive. 
100000.  From the Allarbies of Monteger●, and the vale of Medea, and the farms of the Citizens. 
800000.  From the Gardens a joining near the city being 16000 
800000.  By the Gates of the city. 
040000.   
They have rent from all shops in the city proportionally as they are let to those that occupies them, which must be very great; yet I could never come to the true knowledge of it. For their Sea revinues they are uncertain, they being as purchase comes in, of all goods and people that are taken; the Bashaw has the eight part, and all ships or other vessels solely to his own particular, with all other provision and Ammunition appertaining to them. They have no constant trade, but with the Legornesses, and they when most comes, but two small vessels in a year: other trade they have, the chiefest being for Alexandria in Egypt, yet most performed by a people called jarbines; all paying 12. and a half purcenta: in sum, for their camps, garrisons, Gardens and the like to my knowledge, by good information they have certain Rent 3475000. dubles, accounting each double to the just shilling English, and is 34750000   

Of their Sea Forces.  
THeir Sea Forces chiefly consisted of their galleys, yet never exceeded the number of nine at one time: Ally Pichelline, with the fool in the gospel, resolved in the year 1639. to have brought them to twelve, and to have built a galley Groce, but one was in the same year lost at Bonna by a tempest, and the other eight all taken by the Venetians; so that at that present there was never a galley remaining in that city, nor can I conceive that ever Ally will return thither, from the Levant where he now is to build more. So that their Sea Forces at the present consists altogether in ships, which are sometimes more, sometimes less. When I was first brought thither, in the year 1631. They had 90. vessels of all sorts, which they Armed in robberies, but in three years after they had not 30. and were utterly disanimated to arm their ships in reprisal voyages, nor would upon any terms of advantage deal with an English ship of force, until a certain Allerbie borne in the mountains of Cokoose captain of a pink of 26. pieces of artillery belonging to the Bashaw, unfortunately met with the Adventure of London, a ship of 21. pieces of Ordnance, and 45. men, which this Moor boarded, and immediately mastered she being richly loaden for the account of Gennonesses, which hath since emboldened that captain to take divers English Ships of good force, and refuses to fight with none that he meets withal: Thus much of their Sea Forces and ships, which may be at present 80. Saile, most Flemish ships, some carrying 40. pieces of▪ Ordnance.   

Of their Land Forces.  
NO Tagarine or Moor of the city may be a soldier or go in Land service, they are only allowed arms in their houses to defend the city if it should be invaded; in their four camps they send out 2400. men, they have in their garrisons 1000 more: in my time in their Hamper or general army, which in 1633 they sent against the King of Cokoose, when all their ships were in port, and all their soldiers at home, beside those in garrison they could make but 4500. Soldiers, beside Bullabashes and Oddabashes their Commanders. I will allow for sick men and others in Merchant voyages 1000 more, so that in my judgement they cannot have above 5000. Soldiers in pay, and although there be Christians that daily turn Turks and Turks which daily comes out of the Lavante which are presently put in pay; so by their fights on Land and at Sea, there are daily killed more or less of them, and that to the benefit of the Bashaw, for if a soldier dies without children, he inherits his goods; they have also a people which follows them for spoils, called Swayves or Horsemen: besides all these there are perminently in the city, of Gentlemen, Tagerines and moors above 50000. able men to draw Sword; and thus much of their Land Forces.   

Of their Victories.  
THe virtue of this people doth appear by the large and ample patrimony which in that Country they command, in despite of millions of their enemies, and they a people framed to war, able of body, fierce of nature, and cruel of disposition, the most excellent horsemen of the world, I mean the moors: In 1542. with Ally their Bashaw they marched to the very gates of Fez, one of the most famous Cities of Africa, and returned having made composition, and received of the Citizens for each day to each soldier, as long as they had been from Argiere, a ducat a day: their officers advanced their reward as they were in dignity, and the Bashaw by their relation returned with excessive riches to his own particular. They did in the year 1620. fight many battles with the King of Cokoose, beat him out of his country, only leaving him a mountain, which by its unpassable ways and difficult assent was the sole refuge he had to keep himself from their Swords, they having burned his Cities of England, of France, Spain, Portugal, Sicelia, Naples, Rome, Venice, Allimania, and others which were and are yet called according to these principal places of Christendom.  
In the year 1626. they conquered the kingdom of Muritania, from the Marrabote, named Sedeabdelcadder, and called by them antichrist; and that sumptuous city of Tremessine, Metroppolis of that kingdom, which Marrabote by his conjurations, for so I esteem them, and that with good reason, to be Cunjurors, Charmers and Witches, did by his Art magic many miracles whereby he became famous amongst those indocible and superstitious people: the moors who flocked to him not only as the man that would defend them and that kingdom, but also by his extraordinary virtue and power, get more, and heaven for them also, they esteeming him as the man of God, for so are they still led to believe; the greatest Exorcist with them is the greatest Saint. The Duana of Argiere sends out an army against him, consisting of 6000. Turk's foot, and 2000 Swayves Horsemen; the Tagerines and Bellagees Citizens, with other superstitious people of the city lamented that the blind Turk would apparently run into an inevitable destruction: the Turks wives condoles their husband's presumption as to go to conquer such a man of God. The Turk semper idem set forwards; the general of the Army was a Colloly, and the man that since blew up their Cassaba; they encountered this great Prophet, having with him an army of above 20000 men; joins battle, but his art failing, great numbers of his soldiers slain. In fine he was abandoned of all his people, taken prisoner, the Algieres flayed him alive, and stuffed his skin with straw and sent it for Argiere, where it was carried in triumph in all public places of that city, to the glory of the Turk and infamy of all superstitious moors: the Turk pursued his advantage, made a final conquest of that country, only Tremassine was an obsticle in their way, which the Turk besieged, and after divers skirmishes it was yielded to them, they put 200. Soldiers in garrison in their Alcassaba, and triumphiously returned to Argiere, where they were received with glory. Most famous is this city, and of all others proud in her good fortune against the soldiers and state of Tunis. In 1627. when upon differences between them, about a certain Castle the Algieres built, whom they of Tunis challenged to be built in their territories and jurisdiction. Subsitudes were appointed on both parties to treat and ratify some relugar way betwixt them, and that the difference should not be only judicated by Turks, but rather by moors, natives of the country, to whose experience the right was better known. Long time was spent in Commission to effect it, but neither the one nor the other would turn their affections to that good use. In fine, it came to be the intelligence of the great Turk, who did strive to accommodate a stability of peace betwixt them, nor could his greatness herein prevail; the Commissioners deputed by both commonwealths, returned unaccorded; the grand signior Pope-like, by book and candle excommunicated them both, if they disobeyed his pleasure therein, which they least set by, and casting away all legal Capitulations, Armed on both sides: they of Tunise raised an army of 8000. foot of the Turkish Nation, with volentaries, admitting and accepting all Gentlemen of the Collollies that would go to that Service: Henissha, a great Prince of the Allarbies confederated with them, and for old injuries vowed revenge upon the Algerers, who on their parts neglected no opportunity, stayed their Land Forces, and ships from Navigation, levied 6000. Turks, nor would they admit volentaries, as Gentlemen of the Collollies or others not in pay. Ben ally a Prince of the Orient and of the Moorish Nation great enemy to his Vicentere henissha, the other Prince confederated with the Adverse party, brought unto their assistance 7000. horse, the combination with the Tunistens, and Prince Henissha was made with strong promises and protestations of love, one unto the other, confirmed with deep vows to be allegated in an indisolvable and perpetual obligation, both promises upon victory to March to the gates of Argere, and not only so, but to make a final extirpation of those incorrigible people of that city, by mutual condition, the spoils were to be given to Prince Henesha and his soldiers, but the Lands and Cities Conquered to be the reward of the Tunisers, who to effect matters answerable to so great expectation, carried 40. pieces of brass Ordnance of all sorts in their army, and 8000 soldiers Turks; Henessha, brought to their assistance, 11000. Horsemen, of his own subjects: the Allgerers with an undaunted resolution, advanced to their new-built Castle, as far in the Orient as Tobarco, 130. leagues; carried not one piece of Artillery with them, nor did their own Forces exceed the Number of 6000. foot Turks, Benn ally their confederate brought to their assistance, 7000. horsemen, of their own people Allarbies, notwithstanding the great disadvantage, on the enemy's part, as being in horse and foot, many thousand more than they were: besides, having so many pieces of Ordnance, Marches into their territory, found their enemies, with whom they joined battle, the Allgerers first made at the Ordnance of their enemies; and after a hot skirmish being valiantly resisted, the fight increasing on all sides, the victory a long time doubtful, yet by general opinion like to have fallen to the Tunessins: the two Princes of the Allarbies had as hard bickering on their parts, as now the time to show (that king of passions) their malice one against the other; the Allgerers impatient, took their usual fury, gives the word every soldier to throw down his Musket, and to end the quarrel by dent of sword; which doing, they entered upon the Ordnance of their enemies, and by their valour gained them, which they now turned as a rod of mischief to whip their first masters, and like a torrent makes farther into the army of the enemy, who for a long time made valiant and Noble resistance, but the virtue of the Allgerers prevailed, and the Conquered fled, leaving behind them 3500. of their Companions dead upon the ground of their Turkish soldiers; 4●. pieces of Artillery, many Banners of great curiosity and value, with rich pillage, which fell to Ben ally, and his All●rbies, beside his glory of victory obtained against his mortal enemy Prince Henesha. The Allgerers returned with this glory to their city, and are by the inhabitants received with Joy and triumph, whiles they of Tunis lamented their disgrace, were perplexed what more mischief the Allgeres, purposed to do unto them, to whose mercy certainly they were, their lives, their goods, and their city; and the greater was their terror, for the arrival of 40. Argere ships at the Galletta, or Port Carthage● but they were upon the first advertisement of victory recalled by the council of Argere, without doing them of Tunis the least damage, and they utterly demolished that Castle which had caused that difference betwixt them; how many battles they have fought with the Allarbies, were too tedious to recount: they have diverse times overthrown the Armies of Ben ally, and Henessha, with other great Princes of the moors, and are in continual and daily skirmishes with them, to whom they are a terror, and their fame spread in all Africa.   

Of its Inhabitants.  
SHe is proud in Citizens, consisting of 28000. Families, besides Jews unaccounted, who cannot be less than 30000. souls; her inhabitants consists of four sorts of people. Of Bellages Natives, and first inhabitants of the city of Tagerines, a people banished Spain by Philip the third; and Jews, all which are but tenants at will to the last, and that is the Turk, from whom is also extracted two other sorts of people; one the Collollies their children natural, and the Renegatha, their adoptive Children, of which three sorts of men are the soldiers of Argiere: as for the condition and manners of this people, excepting that which tend to the upholding of their state and commonwealth, I mean their government military, they are so depraved as they have no good custom amongst them, for although in all their doings, they begin with the first mover, if it be but in cutting a piece of bread, and that in their way they wash and pray five times a day, and are very ceremonious in their law; yet are they incorigibly flagitious, they are said to commit sodomy with all creatures, and tolerate all vices; so their women for their parts are most impudent and addicted to all kinds of unnaturalness, yet greedy lovers of money; they make no scruple of murder, neither of infants is it inquired after: so on the contrary doth the soldier upon discontent, jealousy, or displeasure, cut their throats, throw them out at windows into the Sea, and in the open streets without remorse of conscience or inquisition of Justice, to say so much as what hast thou done. There is no natural love from the man to the Wife, nor from the woman to her husband; they marry without sight one of another, and their aim and intent only interest: they buy their wives, paying half their dowry in hand, and the other upon divorce, for upon least difference they turn away each other: the man obleiges himself to maintain his wife, with a precise form of allowance, which if he any ways fails to perform, its frequent and legal the woman to abandon her husband, and that without scruple, although in their abode together they have had many children, (like to like as the devil said to the Collier) for they are as well rewarded in their children, whose disobedience is such, that to defame and buffet them is usance, and their parents count it a favour to do them service: so is the Jew, a most execrable people, and a like hateful to all Nations; bloody hearted, living by defraudes, and notwithstanding their knowledge of the Law, are as disobedient to their parents as the other. There is yet another sort of people and they are Christians, whose case is to be pitied, that lies groaning under the yoke of Turkish, tyranny, who Martyr them daily by their most contested, most inexorable, and unhuman crevelties, whose number and virtues were they armed, were not only enough to master Argere, but to make a final conquest of all Africa; they are esteemed to be 60000 truly I think them little less, for by common probability, there being 16000 Gardens, and one with another, having a Christian, some two, three, and four, besides so great a Number as are in the city, put to all vile and base services, others that go to Sea, they doing nothing that tends to labour themselves, so that it carries too great a probability to be that Number: but those that I must lament, and nature obliges to be most indulgent to, is for more than 1500. of my miserable country men, who are there plunged in the most vile and greatest detriments, certainly a fair course would effect their enlargement, and without all doubt be most acceptable to almighty God, and bring a benediction upon his majesty, his royal posterity, people and dominions; they have a most confident opinion of his majesty's gracious favour toward them, and are credulous that his royal bounty will be no less propences to them, than it hath been to those that were in Morocco and Sally; they blame the wills of some ill affected persons, who they say have long countermanded that beniffecence which would have been their remuneration; here are those indeed that pretend if those men should be redeemed, upon like hopes others would not fight, and so give away merchants' estates, which alas it is a weak assertion; we all know it is not the common sort that sways, but the captain which if a lion, a sheep will follow him: in corporal diseases, if the head be ill, how is all the body distempered, but what rational man is there that would yield himself into a 14. or 15. years' slavery, although he knew certainly at the end of that terminy, to be redeemed. Who does us all this mischief but Christians, consider the unwonted damages we daily receive by them, premeditate what may more ensue, if some speedy course be not taken to relieve them; those poor souls who in anguish of their hearts, bereft of all Christian consolations, and means ordinary to reviste their Patria, many having wives and Children, whom they love most dear, so that like a bear robbed of her whelps, they are forced to take revenge, despairing of better Fortunes, and suppose by doing great spoils to Anticepate their enfranchisement; such men they are that had or may his majesty have occasion to use seamen, a 1000 of them were better than the best 3000. in England; pardon me for the comparison, for they have had custom to beget boldness, and experience to do execution, many of them have been there 11. some 12. years; fighting to them is as ordinary as to us carousing: in sum, they are excellent men, either for offence or defence, in Sea Services, and so accustomarily expert, that by judgement of their eye, they will eschew and avoid a great shot: It is further pretended, if they should be enlarged, and a peace established, those pirates of Allgere would never conserve and keep it; I am certain that the last peace was broken by the English, by whom those of Argere received many injuries and long suffered them before they sought the least revenge, and the first English ship brought thither, caused many differences betwixt themselves in Duana, nor would they consent to have the company sold, till they saw the poor men so neglected, as no man interceaded for them; I am confident that if his majesty should send for those his poor, but most loyal subjects; that the Turks would give them upon honourable terms, and have a just propension to a good firm and constant peace, which the better to oblige them to observe, in my opinion the way were to establish a council in that city, which should be allowed sufficient maintenance, by those that shall settle a factory there: it is also necessarily required in the person so subsituted, to be moderate, methodical, and sufficient, and that the Allgerers on their part send hither one of their Bullahasshawes a Turk by Nation, which will be a powerful means to oblige them to keep and conserve the peace; the trade will be as beneficial as any Skall in barbary, although lately it hath not so proved, the cause was not in the city, or inhabitants, but in the instruments employed in the negotion which wanted experience in the Country: besides the Bastion is now vacant which long hath been in hand of the French, worth 200000. ducats per annum declaro, gotten by fishing of Curell, wherein if any desire further satisfaction I will resolve them: in sum, as these Nations and kingdoms of ours, are this day the most happiest and flourishing in the whole world, envied by most Christians, and admired by all Turks, who ascribes a preëxcellencie of wisdom, prudence and virtue, to our King's majesty now reigning (long may he live to reign over us) and to the Right honourable Lords of his majesty's most Honourable privy council, absolutely to be the most wisest and most virtuous Prince, and councillors in the Universe; I do implore the majesty Divine to be their counsellor, by whose assistance as long to the admiration of the world, they have been guided, so they may be ever to the maugering of all those that bear them envy; whiles let it be our consolations against all enemies and maligners, that there is no greater sign of the mercy and favour of God, to any Nation or people, than when the hearts of public governors are raised up to the punishment of Vice, reward of virtue, and for the Commanding of pious and Restoritive actions: in fine, I make no question, but at time convenient, these poor afflicted people shall be thought on, commiserated, and relieved. I was lately solicited by certain personages, to give my advice concerning them, and the state of Argere, and by discourse do collect that a certain Gentleman intends to prove means and friends to get a lottery, by which he doubts not to get more than 200000. pound sterling, and with the one part pretend to redeem the Captives, and with the other to make himself a complete man; these and such like ridiculous projects are to be derided, as preposterous, and the event expected to speed there after; a better, more laudable, and speedy way may be taken to prevent many ensuing dangers, threatened upon our Navigations, and people. 30000. pound turned or employed in such materials, as would advance profit in the Country, imposed in men's hands experienced, will by God's mercy and his majesty's favour, infranchise them.   

Of their Lands, and Territories.  
THe greater the enemy, the more worthy the Conquest, the lesser the number of the conquerors, the more Renowned and Honourable the victory; since Barba Rassha his time, of 120. years, who took this city with 32 men, from so mean a beginning, and from so base obscurity has this city raised her glory in most parts of the known world, and extends her magnitude and territory to the Orient, as far as Tobarco, 130. leagues, to the South; as far as the Zara, and burning zone of the nigars' Country, to the Occident; as far as Botoyca, and to Tituon, 130. leagues; and at Sea is a terror to most Navigators, and a scourge to all the Meditarenian Cost of Christendom.   

Of their Riches.  
NO man may be incredulous or marvel at her excessive essentials and materials of gold and silver, having lived upon the spoil of all Christendom, more than 120. years; what abundance of riches hath been since that time brought into her, is known by miserable experience to most Christians, the substance of whole Cities and Islands hath been involved into her gulf; nor is she alone enriched by these; but also by all sorts of goods which they take, and sell to Christians and Jews, Merchants, for ready money; excessive riches they get by Captives, exacting from them great ransoms; the poorest & which of themselves have nothing, of the Spanish Nation, are usually redeemed in a thousand shillings; and for Genoese, if under 22. years of age, the Signiors of Tobarco are obleiged to free them to a hundred pound sterling; nor doth there want diligence in them to perform and effect their enlargements, it is anniversary; for the Spaniard by collections, called amongst them Lemossena, to infranchise 3. or 4. hundred men, and for ready moneys paid in pieces of eight: besides, her yearly tributes, which they get from the Allarbies, not being less than 200000. pound sterling, insomuch that she is an Indies or mineral, for that of all that is brought into her, none is carried out again; as for corn and other necessaries, which obleiges the life of man, the Citizens have all the land of many day's Journey of their own, so that they having engrossed so great a part of the Country, they do not only furnish themselves with provisions, but also with money which they get of the neighbouring Allarbies for provision; and surely for oil, figs, and the like, which the Cabills of the kingdom of Cookose brings them, they leave the principal, and product for trivall commodities, which their indocible capacities cannot furnish themselves with, and for what commodities are brought thither from Mercellies and Legorne, in way of trade they leave all behind them, and brings much money also, whose coming thither is only for redeeming Captives, and buying reprisal goods. Thus have I accomplished the Capitals, and given a true relation of that flourishing city, whose only rich stones, diamonds and pearls is sufficient to answer the charge of that navy and army that shall be sent to Conquer her; besides what fetters of gold, gold chains and the like are daily to be seen in her streets, it being so popularly known, I need not speak of: as for her riches, in present coin of plate and gold, I have sufficiently demonstrated to satisfy any reasonable Judgement. Oh that I might live to be an actor in a martial way, to see her Conquest, they fear none so much as our English Nation, neither is it difficult or doubtful, with a good fleet of ships, and an army, of 30000. Soldiers on Land to pluck down her pride, she having many enemies within her, and enough to effect her ruin; and most of all, her oppressions, and sins, which cry to the heavens for Judgement against her; so having ended with that city I think it also requisite to nominate the Equipage of the Basshaw, or their Vice-King, which I omitted to intermix with the other Officers of the Duana, because they have no voice in their council nor Command in the city; and to speak truth, the only privilege the basha has, is that he hath power over the moors of the city, in matter of Justice, yet tolerated by the Duana, to exact great sums of money from them, the better to enable him to give them their pay.   

Of the basha his Officers and Retinue.  
THe basha must be a Renegado, bred in the great Turks Suray or Court.  
His Kaia or Treasurer, his second, a Renegado to some Visscere in Turkey.  
His Allimene or Receiver, and is for Maritane affairs, an inferior Renegado.  
His Hoossiea or Secretary, and may be of either sort Turk or Renegatha.  
His chamberlain, and by the Grand signior's command must be a natural Turk.  
His Agga or captain of his Horse, a Renegado.  
His Tollope or Priest must be a natural Turk.  
His Chillabies or Gentlemen attendants, and are all Renegathes, boys of finest beauty and comeliness.  
6. Player on Cornets, and 2. Sackbuts, Renegathes.  
4. Players on kettledrums, Nigars.  
40. Sollackes appointed by the Duana, for his Guard gives daily attendance at his palace gate, and are of the oldest Odabasshes, or Corporals of the council.  
His Guardian over his Christians slaves, a Rogue of the Moorish Nation, and 2. other Nigars.  
26. Chousses or sergeants to Arrest men indebted, provided they be moors, for that a soldier may not be imprisoned for debt; and these sergeants are all moors Natives of the Country; the rest of his household as cooks Scollions and the like are Christian slaves.  
FINIS.