BOUTTES EN AVANT  
MILITARY DISCIPLINE COMPOSED BY CAPTAIN GERAT BARRY. Dedicated To the right honourable David BARRI EARIE of Barri Moar, Viconte of Butevant, Baron of Ibaune, Lord of barri Court, and Castelliones. 1634.  
BRUXELLIS TIPIS JOHANIS MOMMARTY.    

A DISCOURSE OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE, DIVIDED INTO THREE BOOCKES, declaring The parts and sufficiency ordained in a private Soldier, and in each Officer; serving in the Infantry, till the election and office of the Captain general; AND THE last BOOK treating OF Fire ●ourckes of rare executiones by sea and land, as alsoe of firtifasions.  
Composed by Captain GERAT BARRY Irish.  
AT BRUSSELS, By the Widow of John Mommart. M. DC. XXXIV.   

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE DAVID BARRY. EARL OF BARRY-MOOR, VICONTE OF BUTEVANTE, BARON OF IBAUNE, LORD OF BARRYCOURTE AND CASTELLIONES, etc.  
RIGHT HONOURABLE,  
Having tried my fortune in foreign nationes, thighs thirty three years in this my present profession of arms, in his Catholic Majesty's service a monghste the Spaniard, Italian, and Irish, meaning the first four years in the Real Army of the ocean sea, and the other 29. years in the wars, and brave exploits of the low countries, and Germany, as a Soldier, Princioner, Aventajado, Alferis, Ajudante, and Captain. Now being moved by certain friends, as alsoe by the great affection i always had to this my present profession of arms; Having intered so far into the bloody bounds of mar. During which time i have employed myself in gathering, noting, and learning out of many brave Author's, as alsoe whate i have seen myself and otheres practised in war, in many brave exploits and rare encounters; all which it ought fit to set down in writhinge to enlighten my beloved countrymen. Such as are not skilful in wars, and are desirous to inter into the noble profession of Arms; so that thereby they may gather some instructiones, and with greater authority and estimation acomplishe theyre obligationes, (wherefore I make bold to dedicate the same un to your honour,) which I would it were handled by a more perfect Soldier then myself; so that it may by the more agreeable to your incorrupted virtues, and noble inclination, acording to the obligation and love, whereunto iam bound, as a true and natural servant of your honours, and specially for being decended from your house, as alsoe for the general utility of your honour and those of my nation, which are inclined to this honourable exercise; I have taken the pains to write this volume entitled Military Discipline, in which is contained the observationes and obligationes of each one serving in the Infantry; biginenge with a private Soldier to a Captain general.  
hoping your honour will accept this my willing indevor under your honour's protection, with as willing a mind as i offer the same. beseeching the Almighty to bless yove with long life, and increase of virtue, that yove may follow the true steps, and undeniable prudence, happiness, brave conduction and cesarlike determinationes of your predecessores, in being no inferior to them, but rather revive theyre honour and perpetual fame, as required and hoped of your honourable birth and Nobility, according the great exspectationes of your friends, and well wisheres, to increase the honour of your house.  
In leaving a perpetual memory to all posterity of your honour's happy proceedings, as i your homble servant, and many more of your friends wisheth both to see and here.  
Dated at the Court of Brussels the first of May. 1634. YOUR HONOR'S Most homble servant CAPT. GERAT BARRY.   

TO THE READER.  
GEntle Reader, be diligent in a plienge yourself in the noble profession of arms, that your proceedings may the better prosper, and command with prudence and authority, and i will in devour to enlighten yove with more particularities of this art; So that yove may the sooner conceive the difficulties and obscurity of many deep secrets of this noble profession: And consider that there is nothing so difficile but that continual use and exercise facilitateth the same. It is true that many who have spent the most part of theyre time in the profession of arms; Not with standing they are ingnorante, and unable in accomplishing with theyre obligationes with prudence and authority, and that is resulting of theyre idle life, and little desire in well employenge there time, and for to hide their rude ingnorance, and little skill in war they are wont to flout, and mock at those of approved parts and sufficiency.  
Such fellows most commonly in occasiones and incounteres with the enemy, (are puseled and amazed) and all most out of theyre wits, and that resulting of theyre rude ingnorance, and little perfection in war. Not so with the prudent and experimented Soldier, who in time of most need with a settled mind maketh notorious his resolute determinationes and perfection. Such brave conductores of virtues and prudent carriage are to by imitated, for that to all posterity they leave a memory of theyre renowned acts; So this fruit of my labour and long practice in war, together with the desire and affection i always had to enlighten my belooved countrymen, and others who are inclined to this art.  
I do protect under the defence of those of renowned acts, prudent carriage and perfection in war. And not to those inclined to murmur, and full of burning flames of Diabolical malice; showing a mild and amiable countenance, and in theyre deeds infected with pestrificall, ambition, and emulation. The heavens are grieved, and hell rejoyseth for theyre wicked poisoned rancour. They leave to all posterity a memory of theyre bad and odious iuclinationes, they are hated by those of virtuous life, good applicationes, and prudent carriage, and most commonly they finish theyre lives with a tormented and miserable end.  Qualis vita, finis ita.  

THE first BOOK treating OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE Composed by Capt. GERAT BARRY IRISH.  

THE first CHAP. declaring the parts and sufficiency required in aprivat Soldier.  
HE which intereth into the noble profession of arms first and principally ought to by agoode Christian, fearful of God and devoute, that thereby his proceedings may the better prevail, and finish with ahappy end. Secondly to build his valerouse determinationes with a constant and uncorrupted zeal in serving his prince with geeat love and punctuality. Alsoe to by obedient to his Officeres from the lowest to the high in degree. If otherwise he by inclined he erreth much, yea and harelly all the good part●s in him can prosper. Little or no a peerance can by of his furtherance or good success, hardly any body can trust in him, or hope of any good proceedings of his, he is to by little esteemed in referinge to his charge any office or command; No man of quality and good parts can trust in him, or keep him Company.  
He which intered into this noble profession of arms ought to shun eschew and forsake all baseness imagined and thought of manes mind. And he ought diligently to applee himself to learn the art of war, from whence proceedeth all nobility, and whereby, many men of low degrees and base linadge have attained into high degrees dignity and fame, as CAIUS MARIUS decended of poor and vile parents in a Viladge of the Arpines, came to by a Roman Emperor; and trough his virtue. VALINCIAN a po●●e man is son of Cibaly in Hongari came into the lick dignity, and alsoe MAXIMINO borne in a pour castle in Thracia, Nicolas Pichino a boucheres son by his virtue and valour, came to by Captain general of Philipp Viconte Duck of Milan is army and of all the Potentates of Italy.  
The Senoria of Venecia was governed by Francisco Carmanola a pour man is son, and that trough his prudence and valour. Many more borne of lo degree, and base linadge, came into the lick and semblable dingnity, and credit, and raised unto honourable degrees and reputation, of perpetual memory. So let none by ingnorante, that virtue valeur prudente and brave conduction is the true. Way of proceeding in the noble profession of Arms.  
Let him always with a pure and senseare heart above all things by Careful to serve God, for although all professions are thereunto bound, yet none more deeply than the brave Soldier, whose actiones are day and night in danger of death, (more than any other) and douptles he that so doth a complish, fighteth with a more resolute determination, and such men most commonly are a fisted by the divine power: fight in a just cause, and with a clear conscience; Where of there have been to many examples, which i have read in antciente Auctores, and noted myself the same in many incounteres.  
He is always bound to by careful, and vigilant in acomplishing his obligationes, and principally to by obedient. For mishinge this point, the other good parts which in him do ocurr are of little or no estimation. Above all things let him always live in the fear of God, and let him by no blasphemer, for in this world it is most o diouse, and can not escape without severe punishment of his Divine majesty. Whereof their have been many examples and we see that such blasphemers in the wars are shot in the mouth, or receive other impediments in the same, and commonly dee a most miserable death, for their wicked a customed inclination to that diabolical vice.  
Let him by careful to choose to his comrades and fellows old Soldiers if possible, and men well acquainted, and of good condition, and to by yerie careful that they be no factioners nor mutineres, whose Company are more dangerous than the devil, he is to by quiet and friendly, and rather seveare then licentious in spiches, for such like people most commonly do lose there estimation together with their own quietness, and are wont to have many un happiecrosses in this world, and to be little reputed, and hardly can prosper as we daily see.  
In his diet let him not by to couriouse nor inclined to delicate meats, rather to distribute, well his means and content himself with such provitiones, as the camp or place shall affourde, for those that are given to there belly, and to the unsatiable vice of drunkness are apt for nothing, and most commonly are subject to many disgraces, whereof their are many examples. Prisco Captain of Maurish, Emperor of Constantinopla, a prehended and defeated the King of Mosaquio de Salabia, and his army, who being blind drunk with drinking to much wine in the Selebratinge of a certain sacrifice done for the soul of a brouther of Mosaquio. Which bienge killed the eveninge before in a certain skirmish, and the victorious Shoulders having ended their, figt they fell to eating and drinking, and for that vice, and there little care, and being found unprovided and forgetful in a complishing there obligation were defeated, as many more unsatiable drunkards and gluttons have been. There contraries supposing afterwards to find theyre enemy in the like trap, with the like forgetfulness wherein they were found. thinking and considering that they were a small distance of. They determined to turn, and fall upon them, and revenge themselves, and release theyre king or die in his recoveringe, which they agried upon with a resolute determination: so that Prisco nor none of his should escape, and had itt not been for a Captain of horse named Gencono who being both prudent and experiment in war. Commanded that those under his charge should in no manner take any liberty in not accomplishing, with theyre military obligationes. Whereof he and his officers took a special care; so that at the arivinge of his enemy, and determined to fall on with great fury, he fell on them with great couradge, and constrained them ro retire, and turn theyre backs. And with the like or semblable fortune Tomires queen of the Scythians did overcome king Ciro, and his three hundredeth thousand Persians in theyre Slugish, and beastly drunkness, who came to revenge the death of Sargapiso her son, who being before slain by Ciro, and the self same success happened Achab king of Iraell against king Benado of Ciria, so that trough the inclination which some have to this vice causeth great disorders, destruction of the co●on wealth, and rebelliones, whereof theyre are many examples, Not contenting themselves with the ability of theyre poor host, where by great scandles do often times arise, causing towns cities, and provinces to revolt from their prinses, by resulting of thighs unsatiable drunkards, which un ruly disorderes and filthy examples are to by well looked unto, and severely punished; the Tirantinos for this vice drived a way the romans, and theyre Captain Cajo Lucio, and rendered them to Hannibal his enemy. Abidio Casio did so seaverely punish his Souldieres for theyre disorders and insolences, that in five days space he cocomaunded to hang all most the one house of his army, for their robberies, and unruly facts comited a gainste the country people: Which severity caused the enemy towns to yealed unto him, and with willing minds provided his army with vituales, and all other necessaries Pesenio niger for taking a cock per force from theyre hosste condemned to death a whole comarade of Souldieres, Marques de Pescaro commanded to cut of the ears of a Soldier of his for leaving his order in marching, and for his intent to make spoil in a villadge, (where he was aprehended) the Soldier repleeinge to the Marquis that he would rather suffer death then receive such an offronte, to which the Marquis condecended presently, and commanded to hang him in the first tree; Great Tamberlan punished so severlie one of his Souldieres for the like or semblable offence, that the rigour thereof did so corecte and fear his whole army, that where his camp did continue three days to gither, a tree full loaded whith fruit at there departeture remained whole and untouched (a mervayllouse example to all Souldiores to imitate this virtue) and abstain from all disordered appetites, and patiently with great couradge to endure hunger and misery, when extreme necessity, so requireth, as did the army of Cesar in the seedge of Abarico in France, who seeing the Emperor, taking great grief and compassion of theyre hunger, for which cause he was determined to retire his camp; whereunto they would by no means condecend, re pleeinge that first they should finish theyre lives by chance of cruel fortune or hunger, rather than give overtheyre enterprise. And with the like constancy valerouse and noble determination they took in Duraco, eating herbs and roots: In the honourable regaininge of Breda by Spinola many examples may by given of the necessity of theyre Souldiores, and great constancy, where ihave seen many brave Souldiores compelled to extreme and intolerable necessity, and neverthelesh wooed that they should rather die in that honourable act then spot theyre honour by running a way in such a famous ocation of perpetual memory.  
Marquis de Pescora with his own hands kiled two Souldieres finding them forceinge a gentle wooman decended of noble linadge in the sack or tacking of Genova. Let him be careful to by well armed if possible being both honourable and profitable, and that besides it licketh much his superiores; Alsoe let him be careful in well a parelinge himself, a cordinge to his a bilitie and pay, and in no case let him hy not overloaden with much baggage which is agreate empediment in o cationes of marching, and specially in time of service. For we daily see that trough to much baggage the whole army is often times troubled, and of the same resulteth many disgraces, and sometimes is wholly lost. It importeth much an honourable Soldier to go as light as may be possible, without any impediment that should cause him to be absent from his colours. Much baggage in o cationes of march causeth much trouble and care, and specially when it is lost as often times happened.  
He is to be careful and vigilant in keeping his culores or watch with great puntualitie, and being employed in centery or round let him by very wary in a complishing his obligaciones, and specially not to fall a sleep for being so found it lieth in the disgression of the Officer to use him a cordinge his desert, as did Phirates in Corinto going in the round of that City, and finding a Soldier a ●leepe killed him, when other wise the jest affronte he could have, was to be in public punished, and that for example to the rest, that are not wourdie to carry arms for their carelesh minds and little honour.  
Let him look well not to refuse his Officieres being commanded in o cationes of his Majesty's service, and be no means let him not by absent from his guard being on the watch without licence of his officer, though he thinketh the place to be peaceable, and of no suspicion. If he thinketh to go forward, or to be preferred in this art he profesheth, he is to a complish with great care and punctuality his obligationes, that be his care and diligence he may daily hope of better preferment. Let him consider that our predecessores were not Captains nor Master de camps, nor that they were borne with thighs offices but rather with good parts, dilgence and good service optained the same honourably.  
Let him not marry if he hopeth to a complish well his obligationes, or to be preferred, for in o cationes of march if she go a long with him hardly can he well a complish with his obligationes, if his means be little and being charged with many children, consider whate and how many crosses shall happen, and he must of force neglect in a complishing the obligationes of an honourable Soldier in the right performance of the king's service, or forgo his wife and children, for he hath enough in a complishing well with the one, and give over the other.  
In the corpses de garde he is to behave himself sober and honest, and look well that he fall not unto any quareles, for theyre he giveth bad example, as alsoe sheoweth little respect to his Majesty's service, and seemeth that he neither feareth nor respected his Officeres. Wherefore the Officer is to punish him, for such as are given to quareles in such places are most commonly accounted for covardes, for it is known that such places is not for quareles, nor fighting, nor by no means can be permitted, and so such as are given to quareles in such or semblabel places, are a counted for covardes, and for men of little expectation of theyer valour before theyre enemy, and ought not to escape without severe punishment.  
He is to be earnest to imitate the good parts, and verteuse carriage of those which raise unto degrees by theyre prudent goverment, and to mark those that are daily declininge ttough their bad and unruly facts; little fearing God or man. Of such people little expectation can be of theyre furtherance, or happy success, but rather hated and envied by God and the world; so let him always imitate te beast.  
In all places in towns, Cities, or Villadges where he is lodged, let him by kind and amiable with his host, and let him demand for no delicate meats nor regalose, as some are inclived unto, but rather conform himself with his host: For all things done with amity in thighs ocationes is far better, and more laudable than rigour, and disorderes. Whereof often times resulteth great scandeles, disgraces, and revoltes. If it should chance, as some times happened that his patr●o● or host should be aman of unreasonable conditiones, let the Soldier then repair to his Officer that he might by changed into another place, or else see his cause remedied better. If it be his chance to happen in the expuungnation of any City town or fort, let him not be avaritions but rather follow and Pursue the victory until such time as his contrary be wholly yielded, and licence granted to the spoil and sack. Wherein he shall sheowe himself neither covetouse nor cruel, (as many gacelesh Souldiores do) who without fear or respect of God or man do spare no kind of cruelty uncomitted) with bestial ravisment both of maids and woomen, wholly givin to theyre bruthiss inclination without conscience, reason, or consideration: like wicked and blind men, robbing, of changes and monasteries built for divine sacrifice. Wholly given to theyre disordered filthy a petites, and murthering of poor people, and inoo●tes yielded, which rather to the contrary they should sheowe themselves fearful of God, and merciful to the homble vanquised, and ra●●er defend them then offend them, and in particular the honce● of woomen, as did Don Pedro Conde de Feria in the expanguation of Du●●, brought all the woomen to the church of that town, and defended them from the fury of the Emperores people, who at that time re-resolved to put all to the sowrde.  
If in batteries, assaults, or in counteres be shall happen to overcome his enemy. Let him be of a generouse determination and set all his care in executing the victory, and in no wife to attend the spoil, nor leave his order as do many now adays, like 〈◊〉 and base factioneres to the great dishonour of the action and losh of ●●ly●●lives, and of little regard of theyre own honour and reputation.  
He is to serve and fight in his prince his cause and deigns with afection and constancy, and he is not to 〈◊〉 whether the ●po●e by just or unjuste, so that it by not against Gods true Religion. But in such o cation he is to look well to his conscience, and to be well advised, for Gods cause is to be loocked unto above all things.  
In all ocationes that shall happen or fall out in the courses of war, and specially in travails and adversities, he is peri●h●ly to endure and suffer them. That thereby his virtue may 〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉 known the uncorrupted affection he beareth to his prince, in accomplishing his obligationes, with a generouse mind and 〈◊〉 constancy, not murmuring of his slow payment 〈◊〉 ●e compelled to stand in great need thereof. And specially let him be most careful not to yielded, or by any means give ear to Mutinies or Rebelliones, which sometimes resulte of such cases, and whose end most commonly is Sheamefull death, where of there have been toe many examples.  
He which intereth in to this noble profession of war ought sense the day of his asentasion to serve his prince with great love and loyalty, and obey his Officeres and willingly fight for a just cause, for such virtues seem to be a similitude of a generouse mind, and true religion. As Platon sayeth that love and obedience are signs of a high; and generouse mind, and he that wanted the virtue of obedience is un wourdie of this name, for cause that trough disobedience resulteth the greatheste disgrace than can happen to an Army.  
Let him be careful been not murmuring nor speaking ill of any Officer of his nor of any that serveth his prince, for it seemeth a bad custom; resulting of little prudence and respect, to speak ill of him whom he is bound to defend, and by whom he is to by governed, and comounded, but rather honour and respect him: though his virtue and good parts are not agreeable to his obligationes, neverthelesh for being a minister to his prince he is thereunto bound.  
Let him by no means trough his comrades wife, nor for any thing that should give him lawful occasion of discontentement, because that of such like inconveniences and disordered appetites resulteth many quareles and scandeles amonghste Souldieres, and oftener kill one another trough the same; then for any other o cation. Neither is he to receive the boy of another without licence, so that thereby he may the better acomplish his Masteres service.  
In all ocationes of marching, skirmish incounteres, or assaults with the enemy by force of arms, all Officieres are to by obeyed and respected for it belongeth to them or any of them to see all things well ordered; and specially where theyre devitiones fall. Not only those of his Company, or Regiment, but whosoever of the army, (being so comodiouse for the King's service.) In such semblable occationes let him not stand upon terms, not disputes as some do, in saying do not know you for my Officer▪ Let him not by ingnorante therein, because that the Officer may lawfully punish him, for if otherwise it falleth out, and that the Officer doth complain of him to the higher Superiores, he shall by reprehended for his ingnorance, for because that at all times and occationes his own Officieres can not be present, wherefore he is to obey all Officeres.  
Let him exercise himself in all sort of weapons, and of them let him choose the arms whereunto he is most a fected, and findeth more fit for his purpose, the pike and coselett a mongste foot men is of most estimation, for being the most firmeste to defend and maintain a place being well ordered and set; and specially against the fury of horse. Of manual fiery weapons the Musket is of greatest execution, nexte to the same the caliver, both which are to in viron, and line the Pikes in theyre due devitiones, a cordinge as time place and occasion shall require.  
Let him practise himself in each sort of Weapon, to imitate as near as possible the janisaros' Turcos, who were most expert in arms trough theyre continual exercise; And let him frequent the sword and target, and specially i would wish our Irish to frequent the same for being more inclined to this sort of weapon more than a nigh other Nation, and besides that of all Nationes none are more fit for the same, nor more resolute. This weapon is of great importance in many occationes, and specially when men close together, or to vive or recnoledge a ny narrow or straight pasadge or place as trenches, forts, batteries, assaults, encamisada, and for other purposes in war; and specially a bout the cullores or to defend or offend in a ny narrow place.  
Let him always a ply himself with affection to warlike exercices, because that virtue exeleth fortune, and it availeth him, much to read histories, and to be expert in Aritmeticke, for it doth both revive and perfectionate manes wit. There be shall he understand the carriage, prudence, and valour of brave men, and base inclination of bad people, the alteration or decaying of Kingdoms, and common wealth's, the brave and prudent conduction and stratagems of battles, both wone and lost, the virtue and valcor of the renoomed, the shame and infamy of the vile, the manner and use of ancient and modern wars with the stratagems used both for the one and the other.  
If he happen to be at the siege or taking of any strong place or fortress, he is diligently to vive, the situation the orderes and industry used for the defence thereof; and the stratagems used for the wininge of the same; considering thief aforesaid and many more used in wars, and that which toucheth every Officer in particular, even from a Corporal to a Captain general, to the end he may be perfect in the art he profeseth, that by his virtue he may be advanced into greater dignity; sith that this art he profesheth is the mother and true foundation of nobility. Therefore reason it is that it be perfectly understood of the Professores and followeres thereof, seeing that the practice of mecanicall arts do follow the same order and course to come to the cunning of theyre craft. And that besides that no man can reduce into perfection those things whereof he is ingnorante, and knoweth not the art, without much practice, and specially in this so noble and couriouse art, who for the executiones thereof, with prudence and authority is required both long and diligent practice and theoric. It importeth him much to be a good swimer which is one of the four qualities required in a Soldier, to be rebuste or strong of body, nemble and skilful in arms, and obedient, thighs are the four qualities a foresaid required in a Soldier. Thus yove see who many good and honourable parts are wished to be in a perfect Soldier, not learned be heersay nor gained with ease and vain glory, but rather in a plienge himself well with affection, care, diligence, valour, and practice, and specially perfected with learning and long exercise in war.   

THE SECONDE CHAP. treating of the election and office of a Corporal in a Company of Infantry.  
THE office of a Corporal is very antciente for in times passed in the electiones made of Captains of Infantry in theyre real patents, no Officeres were elected with them but Corporales, and afterwards were elected the offices of Alferifes, and Sardgentes; in the election of the a foresaied Officeres the Captain ought to do it with great consideration, and to choose those of greatest virtue and experience, to the end he might be the more beloved and respeed: geevinge them good examples, and instructiones, procuring to pacify theyre quarrels, that they may still live in unity and love lick bretherin.  
He is to procure that his squadron be divided into comrades and live together in their lodgings and all other places with great conformity and love: and if a ny contraversies should happen or a rise betwixt them, he is to be very earnest to see it pacified without delay, and if in case a ny disorderes should fall out that he can not remedy: Let him without delay repair to his Sardgent, Alferis, or Captain which of them first he can find, so that the quarrel may be a comotaded in due time.  
Let him be careful to see that theyre armour be neat and servisable, without a ny empediment or let, that he may be ready with the same all times and occationes. Let him not trust only to the roll of his squadron, but rather learn every Souldieres name in memory, and where each one lodgedh. Let him teach and instruct the bisones and raw men who to handle theyre arms, and by expert in the same to a compilsh with theyre King, and alsoe for theyre one honour, utility, and defence. He is alsoe to by careful to know the quality and condition of each one of his squadron, for being employed in convoy or a nigh other separated service, whereof he is to give a compte. If in his squadron theyre be a ny disordered fellows; and it is alsoe necessary that he knoweth such as are so inclined to prevente remedy a ganiste theyre unruly disordered appetites.  
A Corporal or cavo de esquadra being employed with his squadron in convoys or a ny separated watch let none be ingnorante that he is to oversee and correct all disorderes commited, being in o cationes of his Majesty's service; or for any other kind of disorder committed, for he is the person that must yielded account to his Superior of all that is refered to his charge: Wherefore he is to command resolutely such as are commited to his care and charge, whom they are to obey and observe his orderes in all that he commandeth touching his Majeties' service, and whosoever should not obey his directiones as a foresaied of those under his charge, if be fair means he doth not a complish. Let him severely punish him with the sword, but in no case main the Soldier as some raish and unconsiderate Officeres doth: But let him always see who he commanded, and a complished the contents of the order given him a cordinge as discression time and the occasion shall require (and not otherwise. Trouh much liberty we daily see resulte many disorderes, wherefore obedience must be observed, and seaveritie minstred, but that with great concideration and equity, rather than with raishnes and little prudence. For some times some Officeres trough theyre authority blind and sinister, understanding do commit faults, but the Soldier always is bound in obedience to his Superiores, but nothing the further in optaininge justice.  
All vituales and amunitiones that shall be delivered by the Sardgentor furiell to the Corporal, he shall with equality divide and distribute the same betwixt the Souldieres of his squadron, without any fraud or partiality, and procure that they a comodate themselves in all places with amity like true companiones, and let himself in wourde and deed be careful and loving towards them, so shall he by the better reputed both by his Superiores and Inferiores.  
Those that are bisones or raw men, he is to be careful in instructing them, in handling theyre arms, and who to serve which the same because he is to instruct him to stand in his centerie, and who to a complishe his obligationes, to have his piece ready charged and primmed, and to cock his burning match, and so to present his piece and who: And being a pickemam to terciar or charge his pick. When the round comes let him demand for the word▪ and with so low a voice in receivinge or givenge the same, that they may understand one a nother and no higher.   

THE THIRDE CHAP. treating of the Office of Asardgente of a Company of Infantry.  
IN the election of a Sardgente it is very requisite for his Majesty's service that the Captain choose one of good parts, and approved suficiencie, consisting in him the most part of the observationes of Military discipline. For it is his Office to execute the orderes given be his Superiores; Wherefore it importeth he be not chosen, by favour nor affection, hut rather trough his valour and long experience in war: Being so chosen it is a great repose to his Captain and Alferis, and all other executiones shall have the better success.  
It importeth much that he do read and write for many respects, otherwise hardly can he well perform his office: it importeth alsoe that he be skilful in martial matteres, yea and of so great importance, that more tolerable it were that all the other Officieres of the company were it the Captain himself to be raw men, and of little experiencie, but the Sardgente not so, who of necessity ought to be of approved parts great care and punctuality in executing the orderes given by his Superiores, consisting in the suficiencie and care in him required.  
It belongeth to him the devitiones of the squadrones of his Company, and see that each Soldier do serve with his complete arms assented on him in the Kings list, he is to oversee which care and diligence all disorderes commited in his Company, and reprehend factioneres, and not dismeasure himself in the same: but rather with moderation to redresh and a comodate all disorderes, and eavell ocationes which shall occur. In ranckinge and ordering each sort of weapon, there are sundry manner of, ways for theyre devitiones, but always let him put each sort of weapon by itself. touching theyre devitiones, and who they shall be ordered, (shall by at large declared in the office of the Sardgent Mayor.) Let him be always careful in the devition of his picks, in putting or plasinge in the vanguard, retegarde, and two flanks their beast armed corseletes, and the ensign or culores in the centre. But in offering of occasion, of framing of a squadron he shall observe the order given be the Sardgent Mayor: showing himself with grea● diligence, and care in a complishing whate is refered to his charge, in so doenge he merit the honour and reputation, and doing the contrary, dishonour and shame, whereof resulteth disorderes and loosing of much time, and cause of great discontentement for not accomplishing and observing the orderes given. When ocacation offereth he is to fight as well as the rest, choysinge a convenient place that he may return to his office, for it is very necessary that he accomplish the obligation, of a prudent careful, and vigilant Soldier. He shall go galantlie with a fair milan hedpeece, and an extraordinary good collet, and a halbart or geneton. But be reason of his overmuch travel and pains his arms by no means ought to by heavy, for if they be so, hardly can he well execute his office.  
With care and diligence he shall execute in due time the orderes given by his Superiores, not missing any point therein, and if at one time two or three several Officeres give him order, let him follow the order given be the higher Officer, if it be not recauled; or that he seethe the occasion to be of importance to his Majesty's service. He is to have always about him a list of all the Souldieres of his Company squadron by squadron, alsoe he is to be careful to know where every one lodgeth, and whate comrades are together in each lodging, and that for many respects.  
He shall and ought diligently to reprehend and procure to drive out of the Company all factioneres if they do not a mindd, as thiefs, drunkards, quarleres, and revolteres for they are most discomodiouse for his Majesty's service; besides they do no good, butt are rather dangerous. For they are means to learn others their office, and most odious kind of life; and draw them to imitate there base facts. He is to be very careful in all ocationes of marching and imbattellinge, to instruct his Souldieres to punctually keep theyre ranks observe distance and file, to handle well and serve with theyre arms, and to be very vary to instruct such as are ingnorante: Which for the most part resulteth of the little sufficiency and care of some Sardgentes chosen be favour or affection. For we see that some Souldieres of long time have served, and knowed not who to handle theyre arms, nor serve with the same in time of need, which resulte of the little regard such people have of theyre honour, and little hope to by advanced trough theyre good parts: But in thighs occationes and in many more the Sardgente being one that knoweth who to comply well with his duty and office, can redress thighs great faults. Butt oherwise he being unable, yove shall find under his charge some Souldieres that in coming before their enemy, when occasion offer; they neither know how to handle theyre arms, nor serve with the same as before spoken. To prevente thighs and many more faults, the Captain being vigilant and prudente, ought to by in form of every thing in particular, of his inferior Officeres, and he being careful he can prevente each particular, and see them redreste in due time. So shall he be the more respected and beloved be the honourable Souldieres of his Company, and shall with the more resolution fall on his enemy when occasion is offered, and alsoe shall manifest his care and affection in his Majesty's service.  
If he shall of his own motive a prehende any Soldier and acquaintinge his Captanie there with, or any other Superior; Let him in no case, put him at liberty, but afterwards it apertaineth to him to procure his liberty, by fair means.  
Let him by no means displace any Soldier from his lodging to put an o there in his place, for it lieth not in his power without licence of his Captain for he hath no authority to drive one out, and to accommodate an other in his place, besides it is an ocation of great discontentement, except he put him out for disorderes comited betwixt him, and his host or comrades; for that lodging is given him by the Prince, and if he be driven out for an unjuste cause and making his complaint to the Master de camp or Colonel he shall give him licence to change his place into an o their Company for the wrong done unto him, and his Captain may by justly reprehended for not ministering justice. He shall permit no Soldier to put of his arms entering into the watch till the Alferis first be disarmed. In garrison the word is not to be given, till the gates be shut, nor in campana till the hour appointed be the Sardgent mayor to set the sinteries, and that to be very late. Till this hour all ought to be in arms. In giving the word in all places of importance. It is most required that itt be given with great silence for many respects. In receivinge the word from his superior Officered▪ let him be careful not to forget the same, besides that it is discom●diouse for his Majesty's service, and it shall by taught that such a sault shall resulte of the little care in him.  
Interinge into a city town or place where he shall inter with his Company, he ought to visit and know where the ●inte●ies shall be placed, and the course of the rounds, as shall be a pointed and or dayned be the Sardgent mayor, alsoe he shall with great punctuality and care procure to a complish and execute in due time all the orderes given be the Sardgent mayor, that thereby he may by the more honoured and affected, besides that it is his obligation.  
Let him beware not to be cruel nor inviouse to his Souldieres which is a token of a bad inclination and nature, and of Officeres of little virtue. If by chance he should by angry with any Soldier of his, (in turning his back he is to forget that fury) and afterwards sheowe himself amiable and loving, and so they coming to the knowledge of his homoures, they shall have the more ear not to anger him; and if other wise he sheowe himself rigorous, and inclined to be revenged, tbey will run away, and he shall fall into disgrace, and shall be hated by his Captain.  
Let him be no means presume to slashe or cut Souldieres with his swourde, exepte upon just occationes in his Majesty's service, and specially in disputes of plea, or any other particular quarrel of his own. In such and semblable ocationes let him look well to him self, for the Soldier in such a particular oweth him but little respect or none at all being thereunto constrained, for a Soldier is to defend his life and honour for which none can blame him being of force thereunto constrained.   

THE FOURTHE CHAP. treating of the election and Office of an Alferish of a Company of Infantry.  
THE charge and office of an Alferis or Ansign bearer of a Company of Infantry is to be reputed as a Captain's leftenant in whose choysinge, his Captain is to have many and great considerationes. For not only such a one ought to by agoo de Soldier, and of bold and valerouse determinationes, but to by his equal if it may be; both in virtue and discretion) because that oftentimes in his absence the goverment of the Company doth belong to this Officer; And for as much as the ansigne is the true foundation of the Company, and that in the same consisteth the honour both of his and of his Souldieres' reputasion. It is necessary that he, unto whom this office is commited have in him the a proved parts wissed in a brave Soldier. For the great trust in him reputed, and that in his Captain's absence he ruleth, and governeth the Company, and from him the Sardgente and Corporales are to receive the orderes; as they do from theyre Captains but the Alferis is not to set at liberty any prisoner without consent or licence of his Captain, or other superior Officeres, neither is he to give licence to any Soldier to leave the Company. It is necessary to whom this so honourable a charge is recomended never to a banden it as many brave fellows have done to theyre perpetual fame and glory.  
He ought to go galante and well armed for many respects, as in day of battle, or in giveng an assault, or in marching before his King or Captain general. In ocationes of fighting with his enemy, he is to sheow himself dreadful and terrible, with his sowrde in the right hand, and his culores in the left, bravely displaying the same; showing himself valiant, and givenge good examples to the Souldieres, and animatinge them, he is to live and die in defence of the same, with a resolute mind and brave determination, as did the Alferis of Oloa in the battle given be Conde Don Gomes, and Don Pedro de Lara, for the queen Vraca of Castilia against Don Alonso King of Arragon her husband, in which they were overcome, and the Conde slain cutinge of the two hands of this Gentleman to quite him of his culores until which time he never yielded, after which cruel wounds he embraced his culores betwixt his arms, and as did an Alferis Tudesco in the encounter which King Don Fernando de Napoles had with the Frence and Dutch, with his right hand cut of, and the leifte sore wounded; and finding that he could do no more, greepte the culores with his teeth, and toucke hold at the same till he was slain. In garrison the day that he is to enter unto the watch with his Company; that morning he is to put or display his culores in his window, that it might be seen by the Souldieres of his Company, for a true token that that night he shall inter the watch, and in setting the watch he ought not to disarm himself till the gates be shut, nor in Campana till the word be given, and all things provided. His Souldieres ought to imitate him being thereunto bound, he giving them always good examples and instructiones.  
He ought to honour and respect his Captain, and a complish his orderes with love and punctuality, being thereunto bound, for the honour done unto him, which his father being Captain could do no more, for no greater honour could he give then referinge to his charge the Kings culores. Wherefore the Alferis is to forbear with his Captain in many disputes which happen, rather than sheowe himself ungrateful, as some unconsiderate fellows do. The very same would he wish to himself if he came to that dignity and charge, he is to make much of the drummeres, and fifes because he may by sure to find them when ocation is offered, and that he and the Captain shall see them contented for fear they run a way, concideringe the great need he hath of them.  
He is to guard his culores well in all places, and tack a special care of the same. Let it be before theyre eyes that they may see itt, for the watch is not a pointed for his person, but for the security of his culores▪ hardly can they give a compte of the same except they see itt, neither doth the Soldier well a complish his obligation except itt be so. It is necessary that he by a man of good parts, verteuse, of good goverment and examples; for thighs are required in him, for in the absence of the Captain the goverment of the Company a pertaineth to him. For he is to give the orderes, and directiones to the Sardgent, corporals, and Souldieres of his Company; for one to dishardge well this office it can be with the greater facility and authority, having exercised himself in the manadgeinge, practice, and executing of other offices and degrees; and douptles it doth further and help him in his executiones, that he findeth greater ease in reducing unto perfection whatesoever shall be recomended to his charge; though he can not sometimes but file the smart of his overmuche travail, care, and punctuality. Yet is he well pleased and contented, seeing that his charge is well governed and a complished.  
The office of an Alferis or Ansigne bearer is an honourable charge, and in the muster he is not to empatch himself in the same nor sit, neither take, charge of listinge or writing, except urgente necessity constrain him thereunto. For itt a pertaineth to the furiell, he is still to be armed with his vanable in hand during the time his Company passeth muster; always looking to his colours, and ordain to guard the same with the first Souldieres of his Company, that shall pass muster, and so succescivelie shall be relieved by those that follow one after an other, and the Sardgent is to procure that the Company pass in order, and with speed as they are called by the Comessary, for being thereunto bound; and each one shall attend in a complishing his obligation, that things may be the better ordered and duly finished as it is required.  
It is necessary knoweth the houses where his Company, doth lodge, and the comrades of each lodging, and now and then to visit them, and inform who they live; that thereby he may the better know the quality good and bad conditiones of each; that thereby each one might be honoured and preferred a cordinge as he deserveth. He is alsoe bound to qualify be fair means some disputes which happen betwixt them, and the Sardgente; for which disputes sometimes when it comes to the Captain's ears, he is alsoe offended with them. To prevente the one and the other the Alferis ought to visit them and to by a mediator to pascify all; and specially to satisfy and content the Souldieres, so that they may have no ocation to run a way. For if every Officer fall upon them and none take theyre part they must of force by grieved; and perhaps run a way. Wherefore it is necessary and until that the Alferis be careful as a mediator to a peace thighs contraversies. It is very necessary he be a Companied still with good comrades, men chosen of good behavioure valerouse, and of brave and resolute determinationes, for none is more bound to have such comrades than he; for in offering of ocationes of inconuteres a saultes or battle with the enemy they are to assist and keep him with a more willenge mind, in the assault or winning of a any town or fort of emportance, he is not to put his colours in any place till the fury of the enemy be wholly vanquised▪ orderly and prudently a comodated and prevented, and when all the fury is paste and duly prevented, he shall put in his colours into his lodging, and display the same in the window nexte unto the street, that the Captain, Officereres, and Souldieres may note, and mark where the colours are; to repair unto with speed when o cation offereth. And always let him be very careful to ordain a good guard for the same, and that he himself shall look well thereunto. Let him take a special care that covetousenes nor disordered a petites do overkome or master him. When all is settled and pasified quarteres shall be divided and a pointed for each Regiment which shall be sent in due time be the Sardgent mayor, or his a judante.  
In o cation of framing of squadrones incounteres or assaults with the enemy, he is to carry his colours displayed, and passing be the Captain general, he is to advance it bowing the point some whate down wards, but if he pass by the King or Prince he is to bow almost to the ground one of his knees a difference from the general, and in passing by the blessed Sacrament he is to kneel on be the his knees, and with the colours to the ground showing great reverence unto the same, and all his Company in like manner, and theyre arms laid on the ground till the blessed Sacrament pass, without stirenge till they see theyre Alferis rise up, and that when the Sacrament is wholly paste, during which time they are to keep silence.   

THE FIFTH CHAP. treating of the election and office of a Captain of a Company of Infantry.  
THE electione of Captains of Infantry in Spainie is made be the Counsel of State, and war, when theyre is any leavy or raisinge of men, and when these places are void either in camp or garrison, other Captains are elected in theyre place be the Captain generals or Visroyes in theyre govermentes. The electiones made by such personadges should by all lickhood seem to be good and sure; notwithstanding it faulethe out often times that boath Generales and Viseroyes, and alsoe counseleres have miss in the consideration thereof, bestowenge those honourable charges upon their own followeres, friends▪ or upon, great courtieres', and favourites; whereby often times many scandeles and domadges do resulte to the prince, and to the action. For by the means, of thighs inconciderate electiones, many valiant, brave, and skilful Souldieres do remain without charge, little concideringe upon those of long service, prudent and brave carriage, yea and who have shed theyre blood with great valeor, showing themselves in many brave incounteres a gainste the enemy. O cruel unhappy, and sinister electiones of small expectaciones, when the virtuous, prudent, and valerouse Soldier is not thought upon▪ trough whose means many scandeles do a rise, and many brave o cationes are lost, with great dishonour and discomodity to the prince. And the prudent and brave Soldier remaineth almost out of all hope, and almost os no desire to atemppte a ny hanorable enterprise, seeing that they are neither honoured nor rewarded, and seeing that Bisones and men of little skill are preferred before them.  
To prevente many sinister electiones which often times happeneth, and are more necessary to be remedied. I would wish that in all electiones of those who should pretend to be preferred by means of favour, or afection as many are, it were necessary they should be commanded to serve; as oftentimes i have seen be prudent and brave Comaunderes, yea and theyre sons and neereste friends for example to otheres, and for the ob servation of true discipline. To prevente thighs sinister electiones, whereof resulteth great shame and loshe both to the prince and country. The King of Sprine ●acketh a good course when o cation is presented to raise a ny neowe levies, he sends to his Viseroyes and generals of several States and Provinces, that they should choice and send relation of the ancienteste Alferises and beast a proved Souldieres in the wars, both in virtue, valeor, and suficiencie, that such people be elected for Captains, and that alsoe a relation should by scent of the ancienteste reform Sardgentes to be elected for Alferises, and of corporals, Sardgentes, and of brave Sovidieres' corporals. The Visroyes and generals of right should look well to see thighs orderes yustly a complished, concideringe the emportance thereof to his Majesty's service, so shall the brave Soldier of long service prudent and resolute determinationes be preferred, and advaunsed; and otheres imitate theyre a proved virtue and good a plicationes, that there by each one may with diligence, care, practi●e, and learn this noble art of war; seeing that each one is preferred, by their virtue deserts and good parts, but o there wise when thighs electiones are made by favour and affection to bisones of little sufficiency causeth great dispe●ationes, and unwillinge minds to attempt honourable enterprises, and brave incounteres, seeing be experience that they are neither honoured nor preferred for the same. Which causeth Military discipline daily to fall into great decay; whereof resulteth many disgraces and the losh of many brave ocationes, ruin of the common wealth, and of the happy success of Military discipline. He which of right should be chosen for this office should by a good Christian, prudente, and of vertuse carriage, to live with great temperance and measure in his affairs, and to by perfect in Military discipline, that thereby he may with the greater authority command, and be the more respected and feared. hardly can a ny coddy reduce unto perfection this honourable charge, except he be learned and perfect in thesame.  
It emporteth much for the prudent goverment, brave conduction and executions of his Majesty's service, as alsoe for ministering justice, and redressinge many disorderes, that he know and take a special care in the electing of his Officeres: that therebe his prudence and valeor may by the better understood; electing them as near equal to himself as may be possible, rather than selling the same after choysinge his Officeres as a foresaied, before he marches with the same, he is first to cause, the culores, to be blessed, and afterwards deliver the same to the Alferis, giving him to understand the honour recomended to his charge, and that he is always to take a special care of the same, and to die in defence thereof as before declared. Then he is to divide them into squadrones, electing and naming one squadron for himself of those of beast qualities and conditiones, for being so necessary and of emportance. For of them most commonly he is to choice his Officeres, and consult with them. In o cationes of fight and enconteres with the enemy most commonly they are nexte his own person, respecting and honouring them as his own person, and sometimes they are employed for cavose or Comaunderes of some brave exploits. It emporteth alsoe that in the o their squadrones there by some particular Sovildieres and a ventajadoes. He is to procure that all by good Cristianes', and of a good and verteuse life, to here mass and often confess for being the true fundasion of happiness; he is to a comodate all disorderes, quarrels, and disputes, that shall happen amongst them, and reprehend those of bad examples, and dishonest behaviour, and if by fair means they do not a mind to drive them a way. For factioneres and infamous fellows are not to be permitted to a Company the Kings culores, nor to equal themselves with the observeres of the noble art of war. In o cationes of marching with his Company let him procure not to be troubled with much baggage, and specially to use such moderation in not permitenge that his Souldieres be overloaden with lugadge, or traishes (as some times happened) butt rather to go as light as may by possible, with only theyre armour and o there little inescusall necessaries, that thereby they may with the lesser empediment manage theyre arms, and fight with the more resolution in offering o cation.  
In each Company of Infantry it were necessary their should be a feowe horses permitted to some Officeres and particular people, but not many. these horses do serve for many purposes, and specially to recnoledge passages, and places where the enemy may be suspected to be in ambuscado; which for such o cationes are very requisite, as alsoe to send warning of sudden o cationes of importance. He is not to a tempt o cationes of little a peeranee, faringe it should fall out unhappily, except he be constrained thereunto of necessity, for such as do not prevente and forecast theyre successes in time, are wont when the o cation offereth to by much troubled, yea and some times out of theyre wits, he is to by careful in a complishing and observing the orderes given him by the Officers mayores, when manifest o cation, doth not offer that the a complishing of such orderes should be hurtful.  
It is very necessary he knoweth each soldier of his Company by his name, and in o cationes of marching that he procure and see that they still observe theyre order and ranks, and not to permit them to straggle hire and there for being very necessary for many o cationes, because that great scandeles do arise trough the over much liberty of stragleres in spoiling gardens, orchards, and the houses of the inhabitant or country where they march; whereof resulte great discord and discontentment to the inhabitants for the loshes they receive of some unruly campaniones. In the redresinge whereof the Captain is to be very careful, and not to permit them to by rigerouse with theyre host for theyre meals, butt rather content them whith whate he can give; and see those that do not observe thighs orderes severely punished. For being the obligation of a good Christian, and vertueses Soldier.  
If o their wise he do, hardly can he escape scandales and bad reputasion, and besides if it come to the General is ears. He and his Officeres are in danger of reprehension, yea and often times see theyre Soldiers hanged before theyre faces, for theyre spoils don upon the poor innocent people. Wherefore theyre have been many punishments executed for such and semblable disorderes.  
Julius Caesar passing from Cicilia to Africa against Cipio and King Juda de Numidia having left in that Island the minthe and tenth legion, and afterwards when he sent for them, being informed of the Captains and o their Officeres in permitinge theyre Souldieres to spoil the country without ministering any good discipline, commanded that they should by brought in presence of the whole army reprehended theyre bad government, presently commanded them to by banished out of the army, and yvithoute any delay to embarck out of all Africa. The lick punishments did Duck de Alva in the wars of Portugal, reforming so many Captains for theyres and theyre Soldiers disorderes: They were banished for example to the rest of the Captains, and Officers of the army; and so many Souldieres were executed to death for robberies and stealth that in theyre reconinge was found, that more Soldiers were executed to death by justice for their disorderes then killed or dead o there wise in that war.  
disorderly shall he govern in war wiche never was practised in the art; Wherefore it were very necessary that men chosen for this office should wourdily pass trough all the degries before spoken of, or at jest part of them, to the end he may the better know how to govern and command, and particularly that he be always mindful to fear God, and to be virtuous and experimented in martial affairs, in many can thighs good parts be had, and many more, and in such as they cannot be wholly found, let theyre choice be made of those of whom the most are to by found, because that itt importeth much the King's service, for all observation of military discipline.  
If he be commanded with his Company and o their troops joined to them as often times do happen to the guard or defence, of a ny place. Let him with great care, vigilance, and valeor animate his Souldieres, and consulthe with his Officeres, and beast experimented Souldieres, and being resolved let him with all care and speed fortify and intrince himself, as many brave and valiant Captains have done, showing themselves with prudence, valeor, and brave conduction, presenting themselves in all actiones of the first, with a brave and resolute determination, but let him by very vary that he a tempt nothing inconsiderate, and raish as often times happened to ingnorant men of little experience to theyre own and Companies confusion. To a void such enconveniences and hazards let him be very careful to a complish and observe the orderes and instructiones given by the higher Comaunderes. If o cation do not offer whereof greater domadge may ensue, or a good o cation to by lost, in which Captains are some times of force to prudently prevente the beast. Let him never deny a ny honourable enterprise being commanded thereunto be the General or Governor, though he find it a journey of great danger. But he is to present his reasons if he find o cation necessary, and so fall on with a valerouse determination.  
He shall with a generouse mind and good wourkes procure to win the good will of his Souldieres, a continge them as his sons, and children and that by such fair means, in not sheowing him self over coveteouse, and greedy, but rather liberal; still secoringe his Souldieres to his ability in theyre necessities and wants, and not to basely wrong them in robbing or deceivinge them of theyre pays, as some Captains are wont to do; with little honesty or fear of God; making a common practice thereof, trough which they win bad fame, and taught and reputed by theyre higher Comaunderes unwourdie of the name of a Captain, and often times are severely punished for the same, and deprived of theyre Companies with a just sentence.  
He is to be very careful to visit the centeries and corpses de Guard under his charge, showing great diligence, care, and punctuality in his own person, that the Officeres and Souldieres do imitate him, and precisely a complish with theyre obligationes, a cordinge the orderes given by the high Superiores, and be him.  
Let him be careful that his Souldieres be not given to vice and to much liberty trough there own negligence, and bad a plicationes, all fin falling into bad customs, for in permittenge thighs unruly facts without necessary redress, he offendeth God and his King, for they being under his charge as his family, he is to cause every one of them to confess at jest once in ayeare, and specially in all times and o cationes of danger of death as befiteth a good Christian to do.  
It is very necessary to have a good furiell a ble in Aritmeticke, as also in reading and writing, and to be one of trust and well acquainted, for the lift and reconinges of the Company most commonly is refered to his charge, as well to pass muster of his Company, as in distributing munitiones, arms, and a apparel which are given be the King to the Souldieres; of which he is to yielded a compte when it is sought for by the Prince is minister, to whose charge the same a pertaineth, to thighs furielles or clerks doth a pertain to receive the orderes for the making of quarteres, in town's Viladges and campana from the furiell mayor as shall be ordained and a pointed by him, and most commonly the distributinge and devidinge of the quarteres are refered to the charge of the Sardgente. It hapeneth some times that the furiell doth march with his Company alone, from one place to a nother, may be of reasonable distance, carienge with him his patent or order for the same, going for the most part before the Company to cause the quarter to be made att theyre a rivenge. In such o cationes the Captain is to be very careful, that thighs people do not commit great faults, as some times happen trough the covetousenes of such people, resulting often times troubles to his Captain, for robbing and stealing not only in the way butt alsoe in the Villadge where they do lodge, spoiling the same and giving o cation to the inbitanes to run away. Which disorderes so commited do often times come to the high Comaunderes ears, and chardinge all upon the Captain is honeor and reputasion, and the factioneres run away for fear of punishment, and sometimes thighs furielles or Clearckes in meeting a good fellow do fall a drinking and making good cheer, and his charge not finished, nor finding him, nor known where to be found, yea and often times for a piece of money leaves the Company, trusting to small commodity, and it may by in o cationes of most necessity; being weary and wet to the skin, thinking to stop theyre mouths with envented fables and lies, for which disorders the Captain as a father of his Souldieres is to see him severely punished, being thereunto bound for the discharge of his conicience and reputation.  
It is very necessary for the Captain and Company to have a good Chaplain reasonable learned, and specially virtuous, and of good life and examples; But not a friar except it be with licence of his Superiores. Above all o ther prpfessiones the art of war is of most danger, so the Soldier is to be very earnest to be devote, and of clear conscience, for he is more nearer dangeres of death than any o their sort of men; and it is necessary that he always have a priest not far of, for the soul's health: To whom he may confess at all times and o cationes, a cordinge as time and necessity shall require. In the choisinge and keeping of thighs priests the Captains in conscience are bound to procure that they be virtuous and of good life, if o therwise, itt were far better not to have any at all.  
He is of necessity to have a barber in his Company, and if it be possible of good skill in this art, for being a very necessary instrument in war; for when a Soldier is hurt the greatest comfort he can have is a good barber, that shall cure him well, and with speed, for if he depend to be cured by another which at all times is not to be had, except he send for him may by a far of; hardly can he be well cured; and besides he is in danger of death. If the wound or hurt be dangerous, he is both in danger and trouble: This being such a necessary instrument in war and because that Souldieres are men of liberty they fall often times into many disgraces, except theyre Officeres have a special care to prevente the necessary remedies. For which and for many more dangeres they incur, it is very necessary they have a good barber as before spoken. And if his pay be not able to entertain him with instruments and o their necessaries, the Officeres and Souldieres are to further and asiste him, that he may the better, and with a more willing mind serve them, and a complish with the more punctuality his obligationes.  
In o cationes of marching with his Company, the Captain, and other Officeres are to by very earnest that theyre Souldieres do not dismaunde out of their order, and ranks, (as many unruly factioneres do) little regarding theyre Captains honeor nor theyre own reputation, as before declared; and at his departing out of any town or viladge where he shall lodge (though it were but for one night.) He is to see all disorderes commited redressed, not opresinge nor a beedinge injuries done to the poor innocent inhabitants, but rather stay after the Company till they be clear out of the town or Villadge, giving order to the Alferis to march to the a pointed place or distance where he is a pointed to make alto or stand, and alsoe giving order to the Sardgente to charge the baggage with speed; having so done he himself is to visit over the quarter and see if there be any complaints, and to see them remedied before the Company do depart. Having finished well with his obligation, and desire herein.  
It is necessary he carry with him in writing from the Comaunderes of that town or Villadge that they are satisfied with the good goverment ministered be the Captain in not permitinge injuries nor disorderes without redress and satisfaction: Having accomplished with thighs he is to repair to his Company, calling the corporals that he may know, and be well a sured if any body wants or no, and then he gives order that the baggage do march in theyre due place, as time and o cation shall require, and the same still acompanied with a guard.  
If the country be peaceable and of no fear of the enemy, he may well command the baggage to march in the vanguard, and if o therwise let them march in the rergarde or battle, acording as he shall suspect of fear both in the vanguard and reregarde, commanding the Alferis to lead the Company, and the Captain to stay in the reregarde, and the Sardgent to and fro all a longste the flank of the Company, so shall they orderly march, keeping theyre ranks and doing little spoil and disorderes.  
Let him cause that they march still in good order, giving wareninge to the Sardgente to be very vary, and vigilant in 〈…〉 the same, so shall he instruct and persuade his Souldieres to be apt, and ready to good actiones, and dissaude from unruly and bad factiones, reprehend faults and disorderes, and commend valour, virtue, and obedience, that therbey they may be ready and apt to all incounteres and o cationes, which shall or may happen, and endure them by fair means. To endure patiently all toils, discomodities, and wants, so that they arise not into mutinies trough there impatience bad inclination and goverment which some times happen for want of good goverment, and little care of some Captains, in giving good instructiones and examples.  
Let him be careful that no Soldier of his Company play nor pane his arms nor apparel, for he which is given to such vice seemed to be of little shame and of less honour. Wherefore such unruly fellows ought to be severely punished for there villainy and bad examples. Some times it happened a Captain with his Company to be employed in secret services of importance, or may by with part of his Company; And some Sovildieres that are given to learn hire and theyre of neowes, do burst with desire to know where he should go. In such o cationes the Captain ought to by severe, and not to permit any Soldier to treat or demand where he is bound. For it is a dangerous word resulting of little prudence, and besides he offendeth much, for in thighs and semblable exploictes there are great mysteries; wherefore the Captain is to sheow himself rigorous to whosoever shall presume to intermiddell in any such fulish and dangerous demands, and pardon none that shall intermiddell in the same, for example to the rest: Happy are those that are considerate scilente and obedient, and do not intermiddell in things out of sense, and not apertaining to them; for commonly of such Souldieres are great expectationes in time of need, hoping all good corespondance of their good life examples and carriage. Wherefore such are still first preferred, and of most estimation, which by all reason ought so to by: If a Captain be careful that his Officeres do well acomplis- theyre duty and obligationes, he is to procure that they be people that can read and write for being most necessary, for o there wise they being unable, he can hardly trust to write to them, and specially any thing of emportance, touching his Majesty's service, for of force such o cationes must pass trough the hands and understanding of o there's, where hardly he can trust unto, no sort of men or professiones are more bound or more in need in knowing to read and write then the Officeres and Comaunderes of the Souldieres; for often times matteres of great quality secret and importance to theyre King are recomended to their care and charge, who requireth more secrecy, than advertissementes or affairs ot merchants, or any other tradesmen whatesoever; so that this Officer may be reputeth unable to fully acomplish his obligationes, and he may well say that he oweth butt little to his father for not instructing or learning him, being so great a fault, and specially in this profession.   

THE sixth CHAP. treating of the election and office of a Sardgent mayor entering with his Regiment to Garrison.  
THE election of the Sardgente mayor of a Regiment is to be choysen and elected of such as the Master de camp, or Colonel do name or put in election to the General, in this election great consideration ought to be taken, and be no means the General is to give way or entrance to favour nor affection; but rather to virtue, valour, and sufficiency; for cause that this office is of such emportance to his Majesty's service, and being a General minister of a whole Regiment of many Companies, and Superientendente of all the Sardgentes of the same be whose prudence and industry, the Master de camp or Colonel doth give convenient orderes for the due goverment of his Regiment, in o cationes of marching, fighting or imbattelinge, and in o ther matteres concerning the same, whereby may be gathered the approved parts, valour, experience, care, and diligence wished in such a person.  
Who being chosen to this degree and office of such importance; we read that in times passed the generales of the romans, and of o ther nationes trusted the execution of this office to none, but the generals themselves administered the same, concideringe that in day of battle the beauty and force thereof consisteth in the well ordering and framing of the same (be which the victory most commonly is wone) for undeniable it is that those that are beast ordered and exercised in war are masteres of the victory, though they be lesser in number: Where of theyre have been to many examples of ancient and brave Auctores, and all a firminge the same, as did a peer in the last and famous journey in which Hannibal Carthagenense was overkome by Scipio Africano. Not with standing Hannibal having to his judgement prevented and ordered all things as necessary and fit; neverthe less the sagacity and prudence of Scipio was at that day so great, that it was enough to put them all to flight, with his singular and extraordinary military prudence. amongst the Frence and Dutche this office is more esteemed then in o their places, wherefore it should be always commended to the charge of the more prudent experimented Captain that can be had in the Regiment, and together with this office they have Companies; so that they have the name of a Captain and Sardgente mayor, and profit together, and in absence of theyre Coroneles or Master de camps to them by right belongeth the goverment of the Regiment.  
This election of all reason and justice should be provided in one as before spoken, and the counsel of State and war should always have a special care to see thighs electiones so preferred, and specially the General, rather than chosen by favour, frindsihip, and affection, as some times it falleth out, recomended to unable bisones, of little service, and less sufficiency, Whereof resulteth to many inconveniences, and because that in them doth not o cur the approved and prudent parts and authority required for executing well this office, Captains of the Regiment do give them some times but little respect or credit: For this election be all equity and justice, and for many considerationes of importance, ought to be earnestly sought a Soldier of the beast o pinion and sufficiency, that amongst the whole Regiment can be had, and that he be very perfect in Arithmetic, for being the most necessary point for the executiones of this office, after having exercised much in the war. And not elected be no means by favour, for being an office who requireth much ability.  
Very many can be found who have spent theyre time in the wars who are not fit for this charge, rather by trial and examination made of his a proved sufficiency, as with Doctores in winenge theyre chair of dignity be trial of their a proved parts and sufficiency. And he who in his examine representeth him with authority, in giving the beast reasons, is first preferred.  
For by thighs means douptless Souldieres should be the more willing to study to by perfect for the optaininge of this so honourable a charge by trial of theyre woordie desert. But we see it daily given to people who a plied themselves but little, neither in the Theoric or Practice of this art, and who have seen very feowe o cationes of importance, that by theyre good and diligent aplicationes they may be the sooner preferred and honoured.  
This office being o their wise given, the King and o cation is offended; for some to discharge themselves in this office do trust to the dialogue of valdese or to the table or numerato of catanae novarae of the State of Venecia, who made a table from 100 to 2000 men to form squadrones which table they were wont to carry in theyre poketes, and if the numerato or table be lost, he remains in darkness; that besides it doth not serve in yerie many o cationes nor for many sorts of squadrones. So none is to trust to itt, but rather leaarne diligently to shifer and thereinto to exercise himself, which is the true way for being once perfect it can not be lost, and he shall with the greater authority and respect acomplish his obligationes.  
He is to acomplish with the orderes of his Master de camp as a Superior head Governor and Conductor, and justice of his Regiment, but the executiones a pertaineth to the Sardgent mayor, for being the principal minister of the same in all ocationes, as well in campana, as in garrison, so that in the profession of war, it may of all right by reputed for an honourable office, and of great preminiences and trust, and of right he ought to by of extraordinary care at all times.  
When o casion offereth he is to by freely permiited to come to speak to his general, yea and to the very King being in the o cation, no door or intrie ought to hinder or let him from freely comenge and going at all times, for it is so required for the execution of his office, as well in receivinge orderes from the General, as in deliveringe tha same unto his Master de camp or Colonel, and alsoe in a complishing and executing his office. This office is of right worthy honeor, and reputation, but till the year 1500. amongst the Spanardes' they had but small pays, meaning twenty five crowns a month, buth in the same year his Majesty increased theyre pay with fifeine crowns, which in all is forty, and together with patents of Captains and Sardgente mayores, so that they were equal in means with Captains, and afterwards they were augmented with 25. crowns more which in all is 65. crowns wholly paid, so that they pass Captains in means and degree at this present; and the o cation of murmuring and equality betwixt them and the Captains is set a side: Which of right ought so to by; and by them the order of the General and Master de camp is given to the Captains, and there executipnes accordingly accomplished.  
For to a complish well with the extraordinary care and travail of this office, it were very necessary that he be provided with two or three good nag's strong and well proportioned, and that can endure great travail, and it is very necessary that they go with a fair pace for his more ease: Sometimes oceasiones do offer that he weareth out three or four horses a day for the well accomplishing of his office. For the well executing of this office it is very necessary to have two ajudantes which are to be chosen of men of long exercise in war, and of a proved parts and sufficiency, presenting themselves with authority, prudency, and brave carriage, and specially to be very expert in Arithmetic, many good parts are required in thighs people; for some times it hapeneth that the Sardgent mayor is hurt or sick. In the mean time his a judante may execute his office; It is very necessary they have good means to entertain themselves, and theyre horses; for it fale out most commonly that he traveleth and taketh greater pains than the Sardgent mayor. Wherefore and o curing in him thighs befitinge parts, he is to by much esteemed and furthered by the superior Officeres.  
To acomplish well with his office he must be most vigilant and careful, he ought to know in memory the names of all the Officeres of his Regiment, yea and besides of many Souldieres, and to know all the Ensigns by theyre colours. He is alsoe to know the Officeres reform and particular people; As the Sardgente mayor is the principal minister in executing the Master de camp is orderes, so is he to by resolved in executing the orderes given him by the Sardgente mayor, and that with moderation and love, he is to be very careful to acomplish in due time the orderes given by the Master de camp, or Sardgente mayor; And by the entercession of none to omit any fault without reprehension or necessary redress.  
It is the Sardgente mayor is part to diligently procure and solicit with the Prince and General, and other superior Officeres for the providinge of armour munitiones, and all o their necessaries for the Companies of his Regiment, as powder, led, match, vituales, etc.  
The which he shall cause to be well distributed betwixt the Sardgentes, and by them to be delivered to the corporals who are to distribute the same betwixt the Souldieres without any fraud. He is alsoe to be an universal procurer of all things fit and necessary for the Souldieres' souls health, in severely punishing and banishing public and ugly crimes out of the Companies of his Regiment as thiefs, disordered people of no fear nor shame, as drunkards and all such as live enfamously, out of hope of a mendement; and specially blasphemeres, who like base and blind factioneres without fear and conscience, do highly offend his Divine Majesty.  
Such as have a special care to see thighs heinous faults and disorderes redressed, and justly punished, ought and are most commonly to be reputed, favoured, and highly recommended, and specially by his Divine Majesty for theyre affection and care in accomplishing his will.  
He is to be earnest that the Master de camp do choice the drum mayor of his Regiment of one that he knoweth to by able in well executing his office, and that he by no means by elected by favour, but rather for one who knoweth to instruct all the dromeres of his Regiment, for being one chosen for that effect: He can assist in many occasiones in carienge and bringenge of orderes, as shall by more at large declared in his election and office. When he shall inter into any town or place of defence, he is to use great consideration in the devition of the guards, and watch thereof, and specially if it be a frontier, or place where the enemy is to be much feared. He shall in no case divide unto every Company the part or place of the brickwall where they ordinarily shall assist or keep, for by cause towns and places of importance have often times been betrayed, and taken by treason.  
The principal cause whereof hath been that the Officer and Soldier which selleth that place knoweth the part and quarter where; ordinarily he is to watch. Wherefore the Sardgent mayor is to prudently prevente thighs heinous plots and that no body may know where he is to guard or watch: Some do cause them to cast the deece otheres to draw lots or billettes, and otheres do ordain thighs devitiones out of theyre own heads. And to observe such discipline and order that no Company may fore know theyre quarter nor any o their body either little or great may know the part of the wall which shall a pertain unto him, until the very time that the watch by set or a little before. When occasion shall offer that he shall inter with his Regiment to lodge in any town, he or his a judante is to revewe the place or market, to know where he may find a comodiouse and fit place to frame a squadron of his Regiment, and presently after this, he is to revewe all the rampar and circuide of the town, carienge a long with him one of his ajudantes, and alsoe he is to revewe the gates and corpses de guards, and a point the convenient place for the posts and rounds, and see that within and without the circuide of the town that he prevente in due time all things necessary.  
He is alsoe to revewe the Master de camp is lodging, the store houses or magasenes and prison, and to a point the necessary guards. After all he is to relate unto his Master de camp of all the difficulties he finds in; as well on the rampar, guards, and circuide of the same, and without delay to prevente and redress each particular with speed, and to consult with his Master de camp to see who many Companies shall by required or necessary to inter the watch each night, and then make his devitiones, and deliver the orderes to his a judante, that he may deliver them to the Sardgentes, and sheowe them the places a pointed for the centeries, and the corpses de garde, and at whate hour they are to set the cinteries.  
He is alsoe to a point the places conveniente, and fit for the colours, and give the Alferises necessary instructiones. After that he causes the Drum mayor to join all the Drums, and proclaim the orderes delivered by the Sardgente mayor, then naming the Companies that are to be that night on the watch, and so shall he break the squadron, leaving the colours that are on the watch, giving order to the rest to retire to theyre quarteres; Then shall the a judante direct each Company to theyre a pointed place, and shall make the divitiones of the guards as ordained by the Sardgent mayor, deliveringe them the orderes they shall observe, he shall a point and provide the guard of the Master de camp, and of the magasenes, or store houses, and alsoe the place of arms where all the Companies and colours shall repair unto when a alarm or occasion shall be offered.  
Having made the devitiones of the watch, and guards as before spoken, he is to revewe all the circuide on the outward part, and see if theyre by any fit place for ambuscadose for the enemy, of hedges woods or gardens, and prevent itt with all diligence, and all necessary endustrie, so that the enemy may not prevail in taking any advantadge, as often times itt fale out in the morning at the openinge of the gates. To prevente this he is at the openinge of the gates to command four or five light arcabuseros to revewe the camp without the gates for the better security, and the rest of the guard in the mean time with theyre arms in theyre hands, and not to wholly open the gates till thighs return, giving them order to visit and revewe well all the circuid on the outerwarde side, some 300. paces more or less till he see that theyre is no suspicion. And if they speethe enemy they are all to shoot, and the cinterie above the gates shall presently advertice the guard or watch, and when otherwise he seeth that they do not spee the enemy the gates may by opened by order of the Officer, that theyre comaundes, and then shall he cause the centeries to be set on the gates and bridged as occasion may be suspected, not failing to be very vary, and careful in previntinge whate might ensue or misshapen, and specially to be careful that the Souldieres do not absent themselves from theyre watch, and for fear of stratagems of treason, it is very necessary that in each port or gate where any suspicion may be feared, that theyre by two long sharp yrones like spits, which shall serve to pass trough from side to side wagones' of hay and straw, for fear that any men may by secretly hiden in them. And to let no men armed pass into the town, without order, and specially if it by a frontier or place to by feared much of the enemy. At the shutinge of the gates the Officer and Souldieres there a pointed to guard, shall by all in arms till the same be shut, and the Officer of the watch shall look well that the gates be well shut: All being so accomplished, the Officer shall send the Souldieres he thinketh fit to convoy the keayes to the Governor or chief Comaunderes lodging.  
The baggage of the whole Regiment, interinge to garrison is to march in the rergarde with a Company of Souldieres guardinge the same, and the Sardgent mayor and a judante are to go still a horsebake till all things by well ordered and provided, until such time they see that all by lodged. For in the biginenge of such partisiones most commonly are many questiones and disputes which ought with all care and haste to by redreste: In which occasiones the Sardgent mayor is to command with resolute authority, in ordaininge all thingsses to by pacified and redreste, ministering justice and equity, not admitenge any disorder without due redress; causing his orderes without repleee to be executed with obedience.  
If otherwise it by not accomplished as he first ordained, his executiones can not well prosper, but let him before hand look that his orderes by prudently given, so that with this resolution he shall well a complish all: And shall be reputed and respected for a man who knoweth who to govern and command with prudence and authority, and shall be both respected and feared by the Souldieres: When any vando or proclamation is to be given he is to procure with the Master de camp that it be put in writenge upon the corpe de garde that the orderes may be observed and the better understood be all.  
After the proclamation is made, and that none may by ingnorante in understanding the penalties in the same mentioned, and the executiones acordinglie made, (for if otherwise not executed) it were far better not to set it fourth, but in thighs executiones consideration is to by used acording as the occasion shall require, after true information by taken of the case.  
All Officeres in war are brought into good perfection with prudence, care, and templance, rather than showing himself rigourouse and licentious in speeches with a furious countenance, being not thereunto constrained, for the Soldier feeleth no punisment almost so grivouse as this, which seemeth to him to resulte trough ingnorance and envy, and of all the rest of the Officeres this bad custom is more odious in the Sardgent mayor, being the master of whom they should by right learn good examples and instructiones, and in whom by reason the befittinge parts thereunto necessary should acurr; being a minister to see faults redreste.  
Such Officeres as do sheowe themselves, with a furious and odious countenance do opress theyre condition, which doth not resulte of a generouse mind, and most commonly they are hated. But such as sheowe themselves with a prudent carriage and amiable behaveure are much esteemed, obeyed, honoured, and respected, by the Souldieres, and do bind them in obligatione and repose of mind: But for one contrary another contrary, that if in case the Soldier do not acomplish his obligationes, as he is bound to do. And in doing the contrary in comitinge disorderes it is necessary to punish him severely, yea and so far that it may sticken into his heart if by fair means he doth not a mind.  
Some Officeres of prudente carriage, and amiable behaviour do only with a groomely countenance and good reasons 'cause theyre Souldieres to tremble, and fear them without any o their rigour, and the Souldieres knowing of their Officers good inclination, do both obey love and fear them, finding by experience that he lovethe them and assisteth in time of most necessity and need, showing them good examples, and giving them good instructiones, and knowing that he hath no rancour, envy, nor revenge in his heart, but rather to couradge them in all necessities, and equallinge himself with them in all dangeres and travails, and to be inclined to redress theyre wants; in this case they both love and fear him, and endure all dangeres and necessities with him, and do follow him in all perils with a willing mind; so that nothing doth more content an honourable Soldier than a loving Officer, having in him the parts and qualities before declared.  
The Sardgente mayor is to give order that if the round do here any rumour or stir in the town or any other place, that he with speed advertice the nexte a djoininge guard, and that he by no means give over his round, but continually with care and vigilance visit till his time by expired; And the corpe de garde or watch to whom he gave intelligence are bound with great speed to repair to a comodate the occasion, as alsoe to give intelligence to the superior Officeres if the occasion be of such importance.  
He is alsoe to give order to the Officeres of his Regiment, that they have a special care, that theyre Souldieres do not lend arms one to a nother for to inter the guard, for it is a bad custom, of which resulte no good, for often times a Musketeer dareth his musket to one that should carry a pike and if in that night do offer occasion of an a alarm both are discomodiouselie provided. And besides when the Musketier is restored of his musket, and interinge with the same into the watch, not remembering that he lente it, shooteth it freely thinking that theyre is no bullet, (as he charged the same) and the other to whom it was lente leaveth a bullet in it, he shooteth thinking no ill and killeth one of those before him (which often time happened) yea and sometimes being on the watch, often times the one caries the muskett or caliver of his fellow, and putteth a bullet into the same, the other thinking of no such matter frily shooteth, and alsoe killeth another.  
This bad sinister and dangerous custom ought to by prevented, and to severely punish the Soldier that did lend his arms, for a remedy of thighs ingnorante careless and inconsiderate faults: All prudent and skilful Souldieres ought to be very vary to prevente and discharge thighs dangerous charges before they inter into the watch: Some base companiones and covardes days of feasts do charge theyre pieces with bullet and killeth with envy and revenge who pleaseth them; Wherefore a straight order ought to by given to all, that they should be very vary and in pain of death no Soldier should be found in such an act. Most necessary it is for a Sardgent mayor to be careful to exercise his Souldieres in manadginge of theyre arms, and in knowing how to serve with the same, as alsoe how to observe theyre order in march and squadron, and fall without confusion into theyre just place in battle a ray. All which the Sardgente mayor is bound to instruct, for being the master who is to learn and lead them; for it belongeth to his charge and office, and besides it importeth him much that they be well instructed and exercised in martial affairs, for so with great facility shall he execute his affairs, as did the Thesarios to whose charge be the Romanies was recomended this office, as well in filled as in garrison.  
They instructed theyre Souldieres in the school they, exercised the Tirones which were the Bisones, or new Souldieres two times a day, and the Veteranos which was theyre old Soldiers once a day: So they were very expert as well in knowing how to manage theyre arms, as to serve with the same, as alsoe in punctualy knowing to observe order in march and squadron, as alsoe induringe great travails.  
They alsoe were exercised in runinge, leapinge, shewminge, and all other exercicee and virtues necessary and fitenge for war: They were constrained to march with theyre complete armour both foot, and those that went a horssbake two days in a month carienge alsoe with them on theyre backs all necessary food for that jurney, fighting as it were with the enemy, givenge and receivinge the charge as if it were in a bloody war, for the space of ten thousand pases in theyre whole yurney, coming and going, and with this as customed exercise they were apt and nemble whensoever occasion of service or employment did offer; So that with two thousand of these, greater exploits and executiones were made, then with thirty thousand bisones or raw men, for which cause they were victorious councoringe with great renoome till they were wholly given to vice idleness and regality.  
Trough which means they begun to fall into decay; and of theyre long repose and idle life, did resulte a bad and sorrowful end, for being wholly given to woomen, delicate meats, sleeepe, and ease, and of no care to exercise themselves in arms. They became to forget all virtue, to by covardes and fall into decay: Now see a plain example which happened to one of the most famouseste Captains of the world which was Anibal Cartagenes son to Amilcar being nine years old was brought to the wars and was caused to swear to be enemy to the romans during life, and coming to the adge to govern an army he marched from Spain trough France into Italy, where in passing the river Rodane. The romans a tending him, where he had a most sore encounter in pasing the river; But Aniball with prudence and great valeure with tables tember and great tries made a bridge trough with difficulty and great hazard, that at lenghte he passed his army over the river by force of arms, and with no lesh endustrie did he pass the huge montaines of the Alpes, breaking down great rokes and making them plain, where he made a way that his army could pass; which contained 120000. of foot and horse, and theyre baggage on Elefantes and brute beasts, and pased to piamonte where he rejoysed of his safe a rival trough such a trouble some and dangerous way, comforting and giving his to understand that they were out of danger and trouble, and arrived into a fertile country abondante of all necessaries befittinge.  
There having reposed his army he touke his jurney towards the river of Trevia in Plasintin, and met with the romans where he optained the victory, and from thence he touke his jurney, and passed by Perusa till he came to Trasimeno where he gave an other overtrow to the romans, and kilth of them three and twenty thousand. And after this he passed with his army to Pulla in Canas which now is Barleta, where he alsoe fought with the romans, and had the victory of them with the slaughter of forty thousand of them, as Plinius and Francisco Petrarca Tuscano declareth. So that he had the bridle with Italy sixtime years; poseste with that brave and prudent conductor skilful and valerouse army: After this he came to Capua a pleasant country of women, and other comodities, and theyre gave himself and his army to repose in garisones a long time, where he and they became idle and forgetful of all military exercise, as though they never had managed arms. Which was cause of the ruin and perdition of all his army, as they say that Capua was a greater perdition to Anibal then to the romans the losh of Canas, and after being constrained to pass unto Africa to soucour Cartago his country, being informed that Cipio (that famous Captain) wente thiter with his Roman army be whom Aniball was overcome; so that his vice long repose and neglecting of arms was cause of his destruction, as alsoe happened to many other brave warrieres. But this of Aniball is a sufficient example for those that follow the profession of arms, to always hold and keep theyre Souldieres in exercise of arms, and that with great care, for fear of destruction. So this is a good and sufficient example for a Sardgent mayor, to always keep his Souldieres in the exercise of arms, and to imitate still the romans in theyre continual practice; And in case that the most part of the Companies of his Regiment are not together where he is resident.  
Let him advertice theyre Captains that they be careful to exercise theyre Souldieres, and it were not amiss that he in the end of every three or four montes should visit them all over, and with care exercise them in the ocasiones of marching and imbatelinge; Whereby he shall find them apt and ready to his will not needinge overmuch pains nor disputes as always must by with raw men little exerciced in arms.  
In nothing is he to be more curious then in learning and instructing them who to observe orderes of marching, and in framing with them all sorts of squadrones, and to cause them skirmish sundry manner of ways, and cause them to toss the pike, and to by apt in handling the same, being queen of arms and most noble of all the rest. This office of a Sardgent mayor was in times passed called thesariouse or Master who is to instruct military discipline, he which is apt and skilful in well a complishing the approved parts ordained for the execution of this office, is fit for any other office in war, to the very office of a Master de camp general, which of all the rest requireth greatesth care and sufficiency.  
Wheresoever the Sardgente mayor shall happen to by with his Regiment or with part of the same, (either in campana or garrison) when the Companies of the same shall inter the watch he is to by present and take care that the Captains be well armed with fair and complete corseletes, and all pieces thereunto a pertaininge, and with a fair peek of sixtine or seventine foot long, the Musketeer with a complete good muskett, and that by no means it by permitted to cut any piece of the barrel, (as some do) to lighten it, and such as are found gilthie in this so great a fault ought to by severlie punished.  
They are to be provided with good flasks, and flaskillos▪ with fair and strong cords, and hurquilloes of six foot with theyre yrones on both ends as behooveth, and the Arcabuseros are to be provided with good caliveres of a strong and sure barrel fit to receive a bullet of an once or very little less, and a fair frask fraskillo and cordones, the measure of the powder ●all by at jest a half once or rather more, he is never to want a bag of leader with twenty five bullets, and an iron to strike fire at all times when occasion shall require, for oftentimes being in centery and other places his match is quite gone out, and then if he can get no fire his powder is to no purpose at that instant if occasion often: Some are wont to carry head pieces which in many occasiones are good, but that they are to much trouble some in long marchinges.  
Both the Musketieres' and Arcabuseres should know how to make match, for sometimes it hapeneth that theyre is no munition, and then is it very necessary that the Soldier knoweth to make match, for hardly can he ever fail to get flax, but otherwise the Soldier being un expert, and knowing not to shift, and alsoe failenge ammunition they incur great dangers; so that the Soldier ought always to procure with great care to by couriouse and expert in all things that apartaineth to his obligation, for it may well fall out that he should march in a country ingnorante in wars, where no match nor ammunition is made; Wherefore the brave and careful Soldier is to think always before hand to prevente whate might in sue after: So shall he be not fluted at, but rather much recomended for knowing who with care and prudence to acomplish his obligation; which shall give great contentment to his Captain and rest Officceres.  
Fiery weapons without theyre full necessaries are of no service, wherefore the prudent, careful, and honourable Soldier ought to prevente in due time whate he is bound unto, in as much as may by possible) so shall he be highly esteemed by his Captain and Officeres. If the King or Prince would fain take a veowe of the whole army Regiment be Regiment, and alsoe the Standartes of horse one after an other to pass before him, as did the Spanish army before King Philip the II. and the queen Dona Anna in the plain of Cantillana near to badajoes where the whole army did pass before them, and so near that they plainly vived the visage of every one of them as they paste by, as well of the horse which did first pass, and afterwards the Infantry.  
The first that did pass was the Regiment of Lombardie, which Don Pedro de Sotemayor did lead, a rivenge right against the place where his Majesty stood did with grace and speed arbolare his pike turning his face right ●o his Majesty, and made great reverence as to such a place of so ●●gh dignity a pertaineth, and having accomplished his duty and obligation without stiringe did shoulder his pike, and marched in his jurney, in the very same place the first rank of pikes that did arrive observed the self same order, and in the self same manner did all the other ranks of pikes pass. With him at this time was Duke de Alva present, and the prior Don Fernando.  
Necessary it is for a Sardgent mayor to carry still about him a table book or book of memories, for hardly can be conceive and hold all thinhes in memory, and whate he writheth is sure, of o nely the Captain general Master de camp general is he to receive the wourde of Governores and other people the ajudantes are wont to receive the watch word, and other orderes, or the Sardgente that is on the watch in absence of the ajudantes, which at all times they can not be presenre, and specially in garrison.  
The Sardgente mayor as a general procurer of his Regiment, aught to solicit and procure that the corpses de garde Garites or centerie houses be well provided, and the corpses de garde with a place made of tables or planks whereon the Souldieres may sleep, and this to be a foot and half above ground, and to see t●at theyre by a conveniente place where the fiery arms be set, and alsoe for the pikes. He is to procure with the town's men that they acomodate the way of the round, and that the Garitas be well acomodated that the Soldier may keep himself and arms dry: That be no means he be gridy inconsiderate or covetouse, neither permits or give care to any but that the guards by well provided of fire and light, for some Provinces are extraordinary and excessive could, where we see many Souldieres not well a parreled that after accomplishing theyre duty, and standing theyre post some three or four hours (more or lesh) they come bake frissd full of snow, and when theyre is no fire to comfort them they die. In conclusion there Officeres, and specially the Sardgente mayor is to by weary earnest in solicitenge this particular for in wanting this commodity of fire and of capotes which some times the Prince, and some times theyre Captains do provide them, if ohterwise, it is impossible for the Soldier to escape to frise, for we see those well a parelled perish for could: This and many more occasiones of importance can prudent and brave Captain's remedy to theyre great renoome, and that besides they sheowe theyre affection to his Majesty's service; if theyre procurement can not prosper in this, nor theyre ability reach in remedienge the same they discharde their conscience and honour, when they in devor with care and diligence to pity theyre Souldieres in earnestly procuring for them, whereunto they are bound.  
If in garrison occasion require as most commonly it doth, to provide a round to visit all over, (if possible it were necessary) that an Officer or person of respect by appointed for cavo of the same, and that Officer or cavo only do carry the watch word, for being necessary if occasion should by offered that they should be constrained to come to the wall to learn what the occasion was, or to pass trough the posts that is betwixt them and the walls, or to pass by the posts of the corpses de garde, if occasion should present: It is necessary that the ouward centeries which are not under defence nor sure security that the watch wourde be not given them, and if by change such posts should be ingnorance or negligence permit to pass in wards any man; Let him not come to the court de garde without an Officer first to receive him, and inform of his cause.  
these rounds are to go very silent and secret, without any rumour, and that they enter in no conversation nor other place, butt rather with great care and vigilance acomplish theyre order, and still go forward in visitenge the magasenes or store houses, churches, and church yards, empty great houses, or any other place where suspicion might be feared (of joyninges and mutinies.) And he heeringe or understanding of any rumour or joining, and being thereof well informed and assured, he is to aquainte with great speed the Sardgent mayor, with one or two as the Officer cavo shall think fit, and he shall continue in that place till the Sardgent mayor send him order, or come himself in person in the mean time the round is to by very vigilant and silente. these rounds most commonly have one thirde part of Musketes and Arcabuseros, and if theyre be any suspicion they are rather to go strong then weak to prevente the empetue of the enemy.  
In warlike affairs and exercices, all Comaunderes ought continually to be vigilant, vary, careful, and fearful in not trusting to many, for we see that in many places that towns and cities do revolt, when lesh suspicion is of them; So that often times in trust is treason. Therefore the Professores of the noble art of war are bound in all places to be vary and vigilante, and continually fear of sudden improvided disgraces. Continual exercise and practice in war is of great importance, wherefore the Sardgent mayor being in garrison or else where is never to permit the Companies under his charge betwixt watch and watch to sleep at home above three nights, for so the Souldieres shall by the more apt to endure when occasion shall present, for douptles continual use and exercise helpeth much to compass, and ease difficulte matteres. Whosoever shall be inclined to commit disorderes, and give bad examples in the corpses de guards ought to by severely punished, for such places are to be respected for real houses, and he who without honour, discipline, and shame doth commit disorderes in a place of such great respect, ought not to escape without due punishment.  
The Sardgent mayor is to advertice the Captains of his Regiment not to give licence to any of theyre Souldieres to pass unto an other Regiment, nor out of the country by no means, because that it doth not lie in his authority, neither to give him leave without being firmed of the Master de camp, or Governor that shall command. Who shall appoint the days fit to a complishe his jurney, and affairs, and in the Vedoria general no Souldieres place ought to be changed unto another Company, without licence of his Captain, or Master de camp, for some unruly factioneres are desirous to have liberty to run the country to commit disorderes, and neglect theyre duty and obligationes; spoiling the country, deceavinge the King, and dishonoringe theyre nation, and daily provookinge otheres to that base kind of life, of no honour fear nor shame. Whosoever shall a sent his place amonghste the Infantry, and who entereth in rank with the observeres of true discipline, ought not to be tolerated to lay hand in any mecanicall trade, for it is not fit that such a one should equal himself with honourable Souldieres of noble and vertueses life.  
Days of solme feasts kermishes or fayeres, the Sardgent mayor is to reforce the guards or watches, for in such time great congregation of people of other places are wont to join; And at such times may happen tumoltes and revoltes; finding the men of arms unwary and unvigilante theyre enemies may fall upon them and obtain theyre desire, whereof both notable disgrace and loss may resulte, as by experience hath been tried in diverses Provinces and places of importance.  
When the Sardgent mayor seateth the watch he or one of his a judantes are to ride a horseback▪ and visit all the guards and rampar, to see if each guard be provided with the men appointed, for some times trough the little care or forgethfulnes of some Sardgentes, and Corporales they err in the orderes. Wherefore in such occasiones by right they should by severely reprehend, that they may be the more careful and vigilant, being refered to theyre care and trust the repose, and safety of all the rest.  
If need require he is to advertice the Captains of his Regiment, that in such places where they are with the Master de camp they can give no order to sound the Drum, except it by for extreme necessity, or in time of the watch without order of the Master de camp: When occasion shall offer that arms, or any sort of amunitiones shall be received from the King it apertaines the Furiell mayor to receive the same, and to yielded a compte to the King's minister (when it shall besought for) thighs amunitiones are to be divided betwixt the Companies by the Sardgent mayor, causing to deliver each Sardgente whate belongeth to his Company, as he shall think conveniente, and fit for his Majesty's service. He is earnestelie to procure to see severely punished such as are inclined to vices and bad examples, and alsoe to advertice the Captains of his Regiment, that they a siste in whate toucheth theyre Companies, touching this particular for being thereunto bound; So that all factioneres of base life, as thiefs quarleres, mutineres, drunkards, and such as are wholly given to vice may by driven a way, so that those of good life may live at rest; Being in garrison with his Regiment, or with part thereof he is to appoint, and ordain where shall each Company repair when occasion of alarm doth represent to frame his squadron, and he is alsoe to appoint each Company of those on the watch whate place of the rampar they are to defend, and alsoe he is to give charge to his ajudante, where they shall asiste that they may acomplish with care, diligence, and perfection, whate is refered to theyre charge, and those orderes being once given each one with great speed and care shall repair to acomplish his obligation; so that during the time he is framing his squadron the rest do repair to theyre appointed places, that of a sudden all things may be prevented in due time, advertising that he is to choice the most convenientest and fiteste place for the framing of his squadron, and of less empedimentes of castles, towers, or offensive places nexte adjoining.  
The Company or Companies that are of the watch he is not to permit them to depart the same till first other Companies do relive them, and take possession of the place, but stand in array till the other Companies do inter, and take possession, and then they are to march towards theyre quarter, in this manner shall he perceive those that intred the guard, and those that do depart from it.  
He is not to give the word till the gates are shut, he is to be careful to see all things well ordered and accomplished, and see that the corporals themselves in person do acompany the Souldieres till he leave them in theyre centeries, where he is to give them the wourde, bringing back along with him those that were relived to the corpe de garde, where he is to keep them that night for respect of the watch word, sometimes it happeneth that Corporales of little discipline and honour, do give the wourde to those that goeth to relive the posts, which resulte of pure ingnorance, and for theyre own ease, not thincking of the sore reprehension they may have of theyre superior Officeres for that bad and sinister custom: these disorderes in no case are to by permitted, for being very dangerous. In this particular the high dutch is to be commended (for at night they cause the Drum to by beaten against every relief,) and the corporals do a company the Souldieres till they leave them in theyre posts, and bring those that are relived a long with them to the corpe de garde; but in garrison and other places now a days they use it diferente without the sound of Drum, not failenge in the rest, and the Corporal yieldeth good a compte of all that a pertaineth to his charge, and trusteth the care thereof to none but to himself, to by the more assured.  
Great and special care ought to by taken days of the watch that no Soldier of the same do absent himself except it by to eat, and the Officer therein ought to take a good course in licencinge them orderly by comrades, one after another, giving than straight command to return with all speed. And if they be found long absent either, drinking, pleainge, or pasing a way the time idle, to severely see them punished, and to repeehende the Sardgente or Corporal that shall licence them being in separated guards, and specially days of great feasts and fairs.  
Let no Soldier absent himself from his watch, you if it were but to change a shirt or band, being bound such days to o cupie himself in nothing but in a tendinge his watch: Some times gamesteres who being thereunto much inclined not finding pleainge in theyre own guard do go unto other watches to play, who ought to by severely punished, for the redresinge of thighs faults, and many more, the a judantes ought now and then to visit the court de guards, rampires, and centeries, to see many faults redresed.  
When occasion is offered in pasing of muster it hapeneth, that some times the Veedor general, or Contador is sent to see that muster by order of the General, In which occasiones the Sardgent mayor is to asiste, in showing and instructing the more convenienteste places for the same. As alsoe of all other necessaries thereunto apertaininge, and he is to repair and communicate with his Master de camp, and receive the necessary orderes for the same, and at the faulinge of the night to camaunde the Drum mayor, and all the Dromeres to join in the place or principal corpe de garde, giving order to the Drum mayor to beat a vando of the muster, not advertising the a pointed place for the same, for certain respects, but rather pasing the same in several places that none may know where till the very instant they march, giving order to the Drum mayor that he proclaim that all Companies be ready, at the break of the day to pass muster, and to be careful to observe the instructiones of the Veedor general touching the muster, for during that time he hase full authority for ministering well his office, or whosoever is appointed by him for that purpose, giving first order to the Company of the Master de camp to march and after the same if theyre be Companies of Arcabuseros, and after those which he thinketh beast, and in pasenge muster they are to be called in the self fame manner, one after another as they did formerly enter, advertising that the Company or Companies that are on the watch shall march last to muster, and the first that shall pass muster.  
The ajudante at this time shall cause the gates of the town to be shut; And presently after at jest one of the Companies of the watch shall pass muster, and then the Company of the Master de camp, and after the rest Companies that are ●●inter the watch, and the rest shall pass muster as they have intered, the muster being paste, and the lists confronted, the Sardgent mayor is to get a relation of the number of Souldieres that shall be contained in each Company, and bring the same to the Master de camp to know the full number of the muster of the Companies of his Regiment. Whereof the Sardgent mayor is to have a copy for many respects: A Sardgente mayor who would with prudence and authority have his office well executed, it is very necessary that he knoweth the qualities and conditiones of each Captain of his Regiment, that he may employ each one with discretion, as time and occasion shall require, considering the parts and suficiencie of each one, that thereby he may employ each one acording to the parts that in him doth o cur: When his Captain general, or Master de camp general, or ordinary Master de camp giveth order for any execution of emportance. Some are good for all executiones which are esteemed for perfect Souldieres, some to fight with a valerouse determination, others though valiant of unhappy proceedings, and that resulting for the most part of theyre little prudence, some otheres do oh obey and carefully acomplish with whate they are commanded by theyre Superiores; of which often times happy proceedings do resulte; otheres with prudence, valour, authority, and brave conduction.  
It is most necessary that the Sardgente mayor do know the one, and the other that he may with the more security employ each one acording as the emportance requireth of each execution; he is alsoe to know the quality and condition of the inferior Officeres, who are to assist and who are to by employed acording to the parts and sufficiency in them: He is to present himself with authority and brave resolution, reprehendiges faults and disorderes with discretion, which shall oblige them to obey and acomplish theyre obligationes with love, he is to instruct them and sheowe them good examples, as well in the exercise of their arms, as in accomplishing theyre obligationes with punctuality, he is to command with prudence and great resolution for being so most required for the executiones of his office, but with prudent consideration, for which it is required that he be of a sober and gentle mind for o therwise hardly can he bring to pass his obligation in this, and specially in winenge the love of the Soldiers. The Sardgente mayor is to visit now and then the posts or centeries, instructing them who to handle theyre arms and comaundinge them to let none pass by night time, nor permit none come near him, without first giving the word, though it were his Captain or Master de camp, and the Soldier that otherwise permitethe any to pass is to be reprehended, for ocation may be invented at night of great emportance, and so it is very necessary that none be permitted to come near the centerie, without first giving the wourde, and that for many respects. Yea and if it were his Officer presuming that he knoweth him, and entreating and repleeinge to let him pass, he is to answer, with aresolute determination, and say i know none but he that giveth the wourde for so doth he well acomplish his obligation. In garrison he shall command the manner and who the rounds shall be distributed, which is the most and sureste security of the place, and when he himself shall round by night time to discover redress and reprehend the faults and negligences of the rounds and cinteries; he is to hid himself and approach very secretly to perceive the care and punctuality of the round, and if otherwise he find him still, or with rumour in theyre jurney not attending the outward as the inward side of the brickwall, he is to severely reprehend them. For the more security of a place dependeth on the care and prudence of the round: Alsoe if he finds the centeries negligent and careless in not accomplishing their obligation, let him see them severely punished, that thereby it may be an exemple both for them and otheres to complish with great vigilance and care theyre obligationes: Some Sardgent mayores for theyre better security do carry at night a target, because that often times unruly factioneres do pass at night and comittt many disgraces; So it is not amiss he goeth well provided to prevente theyre unruly tach inclinasiones, he is to use great discretion, and moderation with the cinteries in goenge the round. The ajudante is to round alsoe now and then to seconde the Sardgente mayor in different nights as ordained by the Sardgent mayor, imitatenge the steps and order of his Master, and he is to inform of the cinteries if they heard any rumour or ocation either without or within, giving the cinteries good instructiones, as alsoe in the corrpes de garde or watches, and sheowe himself amiable to the Souldieres, and reprehindinge theyre faults with prudent reasons. So shall he by both feared and beloved.  
The Officeres of the watches are alsoe to asiste in visitenge the cinteries as ordained by the Sardgent mayor, and that with silence and Vigilance demanding the cinteries if they have heard any thing, so that remedy might be prevented in due time if ocation require.  
And specially the Corporal, in giving each Soldier to understande who he shall handle or manage his arms, and who he is to take the word, and to be alerto, let him not be given nor much credible to uncertain shadows, as many bisones and raw men do, givenge many alarms without o cation; And when the round a procheth the cintery is to terciar his pike and demand quin Viene alla and if he holdeth his peace, let him turn again in demanding with much severity with an angry and furious countenance, if he answer amigo which is to say afrende, then let him demand the watch wourde, preparing and making ready himself for that purpose; And if it were so that he Should suspect of the round that it were an enemy, though they give the wourde let them not pass, aleadginge that they have not the right wourde: but otherwise knowing the round and giving the wourde he is to let them freely pass.  
The cinteries are always to by most careful and Vigilante, for some times it may happen that the enemy should steal the word, and fall of a sudden on the cinterie and kill him, wherefore he is always to by alerto and very vary, and if he suspect the round to be an enemy as before spoken let him be no means come near to Master his arms, and specially if they replee let him cause them to retire, if not, presently he is to call alarm with great fury and high voice that he may by well heard, and if need require let him by a little and little retire, defending himself the beast he may being thereunto constrained but not otherwise, wheresoever the Sardgent mayor shall asiste with his Regiment or part thereof he shall command the common table ordained for gamesteres to be put on the principal court de garde, and the barata of thighs gamesteres he shall a point one to oversee the same, which barata shall be to sheowe his horses. He is not to permit to put this table in other places nor permit any joyinge of gamesteres out of that a pointed place, for many respects, and specially to avoid quareles disputes joyninges and rumores of some that are given to thighs vicees, but rather in the corpe de garde as a place of respect and where each one shall not presume so much to commit disorderes, for knowing of the severe punishment for such as commit errores, and loose respect to a place of so great privilege.   

THE SEAVENTE CHAP. treating of the election and office of a Sardgente mayor, marching in campaina.  
THE election of the Sardgent mayor most commonly is made by the General of such as the Coronelles or Masteres de camp do name or give in relation, his office is to by a general minister of a whole Regiment of sundry Companies; And a Superintendente of all the Sardgentes of the same. By whouse, prudence, and brave conduction the Colonel or Master de camp doth give him the orderes necessary for the due goverment of his Regiment, in marching, ordering, and embattellinge of the same, and of such materes hereunto a pertaining, be whose a proved good parts may be gathered the brave conduction, valour, and prudence, required in a perfect Soldier, being chosen as a man who hath the be fitting parts required for this office of such great emportance. Which in time of the greeks and romans was trusted to none, but the generals executed the same in there one people for many rare respects of importance. The first thing that he is to do before he begins to march, is to consult with his Master de camp of all necessary things for his jurney, and see such things befitinge prevented, and provided in due time; advertising all the Captains of his Regiment to put themselves in order to march, with as little baggage as may be possible, and within so many days to have all things in areadines, and givenge order to the Captain de campana to prepare himself, and his sutleres, as alsoe to the Auditor, Furiell mayor, Surdgent mayor, Drum mayor, and that he be careful that Drums and Fifes by well provided in each Company.  
The office of a Sardgent mayor is of higher degree than any ordinary Captain, for the Captains do receive the orderes from him, and follow this directiones, and the Sardgente mayor, from the Colonel, Master de camp, or General, or from the King or Emperor himself if he be in the field, for he is barred no entry gate nor other place but freely sufered to pass into the King or Emperor is chamber, for being a person of great respect and fidelity: Wherefore theyre aught great concideration and regard to be taken in the election of this Officer. Which otherwise being chosen by favour, friendship, or affection of one of little sufficiency, resulteth many enconveniences: It alsoe fale out often times that such people so chosen, wanting the prudence, authority, perfection, and brave conduction in him required, looseth often times his due respect, and reverence of the Captains and other Officeres: Wherefore it were far better for him to remain a Captain rather than intermiddell in a matter which requireth such great capacity and perfect experience in war.  
In occasiones of marching he is to consider the qualities and conditiones of the country, if fertile or scant, if hilly or plain, and not to permit to mount a horseback but as feowe as can possible; Alsoe to consider the quantity of baggage, and provision, you are to carry, and that to by as little as may be possible as before spoken, rather only so much as need shall require, and that the wants thereof can not be excused.  
After that all things necessary for your march are treated and consulteth of (and put in order) yove shall command that all the Companies of your Regiment shall join where voure Master de camp shall ordain, and think most fit: Then bigen to make your devitiones to march as your Superior shall command. But if only one Regiment do march by itself, the Sardgent mayor is to consult with his Master de camp, never failenge if they march in any place or country where yove should chance, or fear to encounter your enemy to provide yourself with certain barreles of powder, match, and bullets, that always yove carry of thighs rather more than lesh; some pikes fearing to want, a quantity of shoules bills, hatchetes, which is necessary if need or occasion require to make a way with trees boughs, and earth, in places where with difficulty the Infantry, and baggage may pass, or to cut tries to shut up a pasadge of o sudden, or to make even places when otherwise but with great difficulty you can pass them, thighs are necessary pertrechoes, for not knowing when occasion may offer to have need of them, and specially pasing trough a foreign country.  
In occasiones of marching the Sardgente mayor is to make the devitiones, and ordain where each Captain shall lead, and in such manner that each Captain shall take his turn, meaning that the Captain or Captains that did lead this day the Musketteria shall to morrow lead the Arcabuseros, that did follow and another day the pikes, and another day the Arcabuseros of the rergarde, and so fall a neowe and be his turn take possession of the vantegarde and reregarde as his turn shall fall: And it is inogh to ordain this once, and let each one unconfusedlie be his turn take place of the vanguard, rearguard, and battle.  
pasing trough any city or place where any danger might by suspected▪ In the devitiones of the shot and pikes great industry and consideration is to by used, your shot are to march in good order, and not confusedly, and be no means to let none miss his rank, giving order to all the shot to light their matches, and to by ready of a sudden if need require, and otherwise where theyre is nothing suspected, one or two matches in every rank may serve, it were not amiss to have no more baggage than need should require, and not to permit the Souldieres to put theyre musketes in wagones' as often times they do, and in ofringe occasion to serve with them, it happened that trough this bad custom many are of no service with the barreles, and looks of their musketes brocken, so that in time of most need they want.  
It is most necessary that the Sardgente mayor and Captains by curious to see many faults redresed, and that the Souldieres be well provided of all necessaries, in as much as can by possible and specially the shot to by well furnished with bullets, at lest twenti five, and in no case to fail in this: The Captains and Alferises, are to go bravely armed with complete corseletes, and let no Captain not Alferis monte a horseback till all the devitiones of shot and pikes are well ordered, and when all the baggage is ready, and that the Master de camp do pass to the vanguard.  
Then having all things in order; in amile distance from the quarter the Sardgente mayor shall step into the vanguard, and give order to the Captains to go a horsebake and not before, as alsoe the Alferises and other particular people, the Alferises recomendinge theyre culoures to theyre a vanderadose, and the Captain or Captains that are of the vanguard shall permit no Souldieres to pass but such as have order in writing for the same from the General or Master de camp general or ordinary Master de camp, and the Captain that goeth in the rerergarde shall take a special care to permit none to tarry behende, but rather cause them to step forward to theyre ranks. That alsoe no boys nor sutleres by permitted to stay behind for some of purpose do stay to no good intend, but to steal rob and spoil the pour enhabitantes goods, which is a thing not to by permitted: And such sutleres and other unruly factioneres as are given to this base and odious act, are to be severely punished in public. Whereof special care ought to be taken for many respects.  
Before you march the Captain de campana and all the sutleres and ammunition vagones' are all to by drawn out of the quarter, ordaining those that shall guard them. And then consideration is to be taken of the manner who to march with the ammunition and baggage which is, that if it by known that the enemy is to by feared in the vanguard, on the way where yove are to pass, let the baggage by placed in the rearward, and if contrarie yove have intelligence to fear the enemy in the rearward yove are to pass the baggage to the vanguard. And if on the right side, to conduct it to the leefte, and if on the leifte side transport it to the right; And in this manner the army being small or great it shall be a brickwall and defence to the a munition and baggage. And this don by always provided and ordered in due time, for otherwise it were a great miss if sudden occasion should represent, and that the enemy of a sudden should fall upon, and charge on yove; Douptless it were a great let and danger if yove were not provided and well ordered: To prevente the sudden incursiones and stratagems of the enemy theyre ought to by sent certain light horse to scout, and revewe before a certain distance: so being advertised before the enemy a proache, all things necessary may by prevented in due time.  
The Furiell mayor or Quartermaster with the rest Furielles are to march all at once and not otherwise, for to make the quarter in due time. For If otherwise they go they may use fraud and villainy in spoiling the Villadges and pour enhabitantes, to whom all equity, justice, and good examples are to be ministered, for many good respects. Some Souldieres of little honour and reputation some times in theyre march to ease themselves do break theyre pikes or leave the same behind, of such base fellows the Sardgent mayor is to take a special care to see them severely punished in public, except it be one that is sick or hurt, of which people he is presently to give enteligence to their Captains, and see that order be tacken to save them.  
In ocasiones of marching, the Sardgent mayor is to order, and make his devitiones when he thinketh that all the Souldieres of his Regiment are gathered; and comenge to a conveniente place to frame a squadron of them, of whate form he thinketh beast. And when he cometh within a mile to the quarter where he is to lodge with his Regiment, he is to step forward to see which is the fiteste place to frame a battle; As alsoe to revewe the sallies and entries of the quarter.  
The Quartermaster is to receive him, and sheowe how and where the Regiment shall be lodged, As alsoe the fiteste place for the embattellinge of his Regiment, and after the squadron is framed, he is to a point the Companies that shall be on the watch that night, if on the general a munitiones, or Master de camp, or elsh where, let him see that there by no empediment in the place where he choiseth to be more fit for the framing of his squadron; Alsoe he is to be very careful and diligent in ordaininge the necessary places for the watches, and he shall a point guards a good distance from the quarter; So that the enemy of a sudden do not fall upon him, of which for many respects great consideration ought to by taken and prudenrly prevented.  
He is to procure with the Master de camp to cause avando or proclamation to by beaten for the observationes in passing the word in march, battle, or eilsh where, and such as do not observe this vando to see them severely punished for this being amatter of great emportance, and whereof great disorderes and inconvenienses do resulte often times for not observing the same: The word is to by given be four people, that is the Master de camp, Sardgent mayor, and from the Captain that leadeth the vanguard, and from him that leadeth the rergarde: And great speed ought to by tacken from whence it came and the cause.  
For it may be that the enemy should of a sudden chance to fall on the rergarde, or that some other ocation of emportance may offer; for which respects and many more considerationes this order is to be inviollabbly observed: And let itt with great speed pass from rank to rank in your march or order.  
It is most necessary now and then to make some altos, or stands to ease the Souldiores, and refresh them with such sort of vituales as they carry a long with them, and specially where theyre is commodity of water, and take a special care that some unruly fellows by not permitted to go out of the order, and fall aspoylinge the country, neither there boys.  
The Sardgent mayor is to oversee and inform of all things that paseth in his Regiment and give order to the Captain de campana or borachell to see that his sutleres by well provided with vituales and other necessaries thereunto a pertaininge, and to take a special care that no wrong by don unto them. But rather to see severely punished such as would presume to do them wrong. That there by they may with amore willing mind a complish theyre obligationes in furnishing themselves with vituales and other comodities, and alsoe the Sardgente mayor is to see that they be well paid for otherwise being ill paid and seeing that there is no justice minestred they will run away and give a bad report, so that no other sutleres shall dare to come, and so provision will be wanting to the great discomodity of the Officeres and Souldiores.  
The Captain de campana is to use discression and conscience in seeing that the sutleres do fell there vituales with such concideration that they may gain and not overpress the power Soldier trough covetousness and griddie deceit, as often times they do. In thighs and many more ocationes if the Sardgente mayor be courious and careful in a complisinge with his obligationes, hardly can any thing pass without discovery and redress in due time, for he is aprincipall minister to oversee redresh and remedy many faults, disorderes and frauds, and he is in conscience bound to procure the good of the pour Soldier, that no fraud be permitted in deceivinge him of his power means.  
If the Sardgente mayor be in the field with his Regiment alitle before the falling of the night he is to relive the watches so that the enemy may not discover them coming nor going: but in garrison the watches is to be sooner set. In campana aspecial care ought to be taken that the enemy for cause of our negligence little care and prudence do not of asodain fall on us being un provided, for to prevente such sudden ocationes it is necessary that a corpe de garde volante be ordained acertaine distance towards the enemy where yove most suspect theyre coming, which is a great security for that quarter of the camp, but this must be set at the falling of the night, and theyre can hardly any fire be made that the enemy may not discover yove, they ought to be very ready vary and vigilante with there arms at hand to fall on the enemy if of asoddaine they be thereunto constrained, and see if they can find any conveniente shadowoe to shelter them; And if perhaps the enemy's spies do know or discover who our watches are set, and not knowing of this watch set so late and so secret, it may fall out that the enemy may fall into theyre hands, for not being advertised by there spies of the prevention taken; And fall of a sudden on them, and give the a alarm to the whole camp, so that they may be ready in due time to prevente the enemy his incursiones, and purpose, and at length cause them to retire, in executing nothing of theyre design or desire. For this purpose must by chosen a Captain who is well known to by prudent, vigilante, and valerouse, and of a brave and resolute determination: And finding the enemy brocken, let him in no c●se follow them any great distance, for they may prevente him with a secret ambuscado, and finding them pass the ambuscado fall on them on both sides, before and behind, and defeat him: Often times it happened that raw Souldieres and men of little consideration do give a alarm without any occasione, wherefore they are to by advertised not to give any such till they by informed, and well assured that it is the enemy, for such as otherwise do, they are esteemed of little consideration and of a weak spirit finding themselves presently a mased, trusting to theyre inconsiderate imagination of no firm ground nor reason figuringe in theyre imagination to have seen this, and that, and of no purpose nor firmness; advertising that if an alarm be given where occasion doth present, it is not to pass all the camp in sounding drums and trumpetes, but rather very secretly, and without any rumour nor voice and with great silence, join, and speedily put themselves in order; Which orderes the Master de camp, General, or the person that commandeth shall command to be observed all over: So that all things by preventeth with better order, and with amore settled mind; and if otherwise the a alarm be given every where it is hard to know in due time, where the occasion is.  
The centerie ought to by very firm, and seeing one come let him not stir, but rather prepare himself till he be well informed, and knowing that it is an enemy then in a prochinge near and assured, to shoot at him, and to be assured in as much as may possible not to miss; And being a pikeman he is to let him come under the puiesh of the pike, and then give the a alarm, showing himself with a valerouse determination, and kill the enemy, or take him, and to learn the design of the enemy, and to whate purpose he was employed, and then to retire to the nexte adjoining cinterie, and from thence to the seconde, and so from hand to hand till he be sent to the first guard, and from thence presently to advertice the Sardgent mayor, advertisenge that every cintery shall remain in his a pointed place, and to be very vary and vigilante fearing that otheres should follow, and inter of a sudden finding conveniente opportunity for theyre purpose: Another thing is to be considered that some times it doth happen that a spy favourable to us doth come from the enemy's camp to give us intelligence of whate occurreth, which spies are to be received and causing him to stand or make alto till the Officer of the guard by advertised, who is to receive him and presently carry him to the Sardgent mayor, who shall advertice his Master de camp, and without delay conduct him to the Superior to inform and sheow him the cause of his coming.  
If be chance the enemy should fall on the pikeman standing in cinterie, and seeing that they are of such force, that he can not resist, let him retire to the nexte cintery shot that he may shoot at them, and give the alarm, and so by little and little retire, and the pikeman shall with all speed go to the first watch and give intelligence of the occasion, that they may be readdie in time.  
And this order ought the Sardgente mayor to give that all things may be done in order and in due time, giving alsoe order to the watches and culoures, where they shall 'oyne, and whate they shall do; so that without delay they shall be found to be put in order to fight as the situation of the place and occasion shall require.  
In all places on the frontier of the enemy where great suspicion may be feared of sudden exploits and embuscadoes of the enemy. In such places, and occasiones, the Sardgente mayor is to give order in the morning, that no cintery do retire till all places of suspicion by visited; and then the cinterie perdue shall retire a little further inwards: And he is to by examined to see if he did a complish the vigilance, care, and trust referred to the exspectationes of his fidelity; And finding his reasons and proofs good in a complishing his obligationes, he is wourdie of thanks, and if the country be found, and he being found hiden in some sure place of no danger, nor service to reward him a cordinge his merit with a public reprehension, for not a complishing his obligation in a place of such importance; and so shall he be rewarded and imputed be all brave Souldiores which do hire of his doings, and pusilanimity. When intelligence is had that the enemy are readdie to fall on you, or that any suspicion or a peerance may by of the same, eaverie one ought to be readdie with theyre arms in hand with a settled mind and brave determination, so that with the first alarm they may have no kind of let, but presently follow theyre leader without beating Drum or phife or making any kind of rumour, but rather with great silence fall in to theyre order.  
And concideringe that this is not only for the obligationes they owe unto theyre king or Prince but alsoe for the safeguard honour and security of theyre own people,  
For thighs and such ocationes all honourable Souldiores ought to by well prepared and specially the shot with theyre pieces all in areadines with as much powder as theyre flasks can hold, and twenty five bullets, so that in offereinge ocation he shall not call for powder and led as some careless and covardlie fellows are wont to do, not being well provided before hand; little regarding the king's service and theyre own reputasion; to prevente thighs, and such faults theyre Officeres ought always to see all things prevented in due time. So that theyre be no escuse.  
And such as would not a complish the same in preparing all necessaries befitinge as ordained for that purpose, to see them reprehended, and in case the soldier hase not wherewith to buy thighs and other inescusable wants the Captain is to help him thereunto, for being conveniente for his Majesty's service, that the soulderes always be well provided and such as do not obey thighs inescusable wants to give them public afronte like, covardlie and disobedient fellows; such Souldieres as are of prudente carriage and have a special care in accomplishing with punctuality theyre obigationes, and in giving good examples to otheres to imitate them, unwourdie is the Captain and Officeres that will not honour further and assist them.  
For in thighs ocationes we see many brave and honourable Souldiores which, are wont ordinarily to carri apice of extraordinary good match in there pocketes with the two ends of the same in areadines, and rubbed in powder, that without delay it may kindel fire, and alsoe with a fleaskillo in his pocket with fine and dry powder for touch powder, which if it were wet and afterwards dried in aqua vite or in gineper oil or in both together it were very good, which being well dried, can not miss; And such Souldieres as are known to be curious, and punctual in this and many more occasiones.  
Theyre Captains and Officers ought to have a special care to honour, and prefer them a cordinge to the trial of their valour, care, punctuality, and prudence, in giving good examples, and showing themselves in all occasiones, and incounteres, with a brave and resolute determination, which is a wonderful comfort to theyre Captain, and putteth him in great hope of the victory, and good success, unhappy is the Captain, and unwourdie of the name that will not make known to his brave Souldieres his inclined affection towatdes them, and specially in time of most need.  
In ordaininge the conveniente places for the cinteries both in the field and garrison. The Sardgente mayor is to use great discrestion, in oversienge all the circuide and entries of most importance and danger, (and after viwenge all) he is to a point a conveniente place where each cintery shall by placed a luenge twenty five or forty paces betwixt every cintery, some times more, and some times less, as occasion shall require: But in the field is there to be a pointed a cinterie perdue, or rather call it the contrary (the security of the camp) this Cintinel is to be put double meaning a pike and a caliver, in a distance of, some o honderth paces little more or less towards the enemy, and without all the other cinteries, in the place or places where there is most suspicion of the enemy to come. Some hold an opinion, that this cinterie is not to get the word (not so (for if they see or hire any rumour, or a peerance of the enemy coming, the pikeman shall repair with speed and tell the nexte cintery whate he hath either seen or heard, and if he have not the word or contrasena he shall not let him come near, and this cinterie with speed is to let this pass to the nexte, and so from hand to hand very secret and silent till it come to the nexte adjoining watch or guard, that they may be prevented in time.  
these cinteries of right is to be cauled the security, of the camp rather than centerie perdue: They are to by chosen of valerouse and settled Souldieres, of good judgement and brave determinationes; And when the advice cometh with good security to the watch, that the enemy are in arms, or approaching near, presently the Master de camp, and Sardgente mayor is to be advertised. And they are with speed to advertise the Master de camp general, in finding as before true relation of the occasion to by suspected of any emportance. these outward cinteries are never to retire, but when urgente and assured occasion do constrain them thereunto, in seeing the enemy a prochinge, (and not before) and until they reviwe if it be foot or horse. Or if they come in order of squadron or marching in single file: After well reviwenge them, let them retire to the nexte cintery, and let the word pass very secretly from hand to hand till it come to the next watch, or let the pikeman go forward with neowes and the other stay with the first cintinell till they be constrained to retire to the nexte, and so retire be little and a little, observing still the enemy, and with whate order they do march, and so fall into theyre own people, and inform of all of whate they have both seen and heard: And seeing them come disordered, thinking to fall upon ours of asoddaine being a sleep or in provided. Then ours to turn upon them with full resolution with the short Drums and Phises which douptlesse if as before they come, they shall find themselves pusseled and amazed: these exploits require prudence, valeor, silence, and brave resolution.  
It is necessary that the Sardgent mayor give order that upon pain of death none do presume to give a false alarm without occasion, except it be with order of the Superior. And in occasiones of encounteres, skirmises, or assaults with the enemy let the Sardgent mayor give order that none call for powder but very silent; for it is a thing most odious and of little discretion, that the enemy should know of our wants in such occasiones: If need require the pikes and raperes will serve in good steed, if the Souldiores with brave resolution and determination do a complish theyre obligationes, for which extremities is required a prudent and brave conductor of a valerouse and resolute determination.  
In all occasiones in the field where the enemy, is to be feared and suspected, the Sardgent mayor is to give order that the outward cinteries of ours nexte unto the enemy do take a special care that none do pass unto the enemy from our camp; Which is rather to be suspected then if one of the enemy came into ours, for such as run unto the enemy they may be suspected, that they go with some advice or secret intelligence, if such people can not be killed or tacken, let theyre warning by presently given to his Captain, and then presently to the Sardgent mayor who at that instant shall command that no Soldier of the watches who hath the word shall be permitted to leave the same that night wiche orderes he shall deliver the Sardgentes to deliver theyre Captains to see the same executed; And in such occasiones the watch word is to by changed, and if any body by found absent, of those of the watch let theyre warning, presently be given to the Captain, for it may be a villain of a base mind, and that he did go with some advice to the enemy, and within four or five days after come into our camp, and give faluse excuses, hoping to be pardoned, and commit more villainy: In thighs occasiones good heed ought to be taken.  
A very necessary thing it is in a Sardgent mayor to by careful in seeing that all the Souldieres of his Regiment be well armed, and that there may be no escuse in a complishing theyre obligationes, in escusinge that their arms are brocken or a minding. All thighs and many more may theyre Captains, and Officeres prevente in time, without troubling the Sardgente mayor theyrwithall, for he hath to many other employmentes of greater moment, and as isay thighs may be well prevented be theyre Officeres, being coriouse and careful.  
When occasion shall require that the Sardgent mayor would have out of certain Companies of his Regiment a quantity of Souldieres to be employed, this he is to demand of the Captains, who is to appoint and ordain the number demanded, and not to intermidle in taking them otherwise, for the Captain is he which is to give a compte and reason of the Souldieres of his Company, and the Sardgentr mayor in no case is to intermidel in taking them but those which the Captain shall appoint, for the Sardgente mayor hath no authority to take them otherwise; Except they be on the watch, and that urgente occasion should be offered which requireth great speed. And in such occasiones the Officer being not present he may take them; and such Souldieres as the Sardgente mayor shall demand the Captain is to make no acceptiones, of all such occasiones as are necessary for his Majesty's service: But he is not to intermidle in taking from any Officer any privilege a pertaininge to the executiones of his office, which if otherwise he should presume itt is a sinister and odious thing in war.  
Some times it happened that Pincioneres Gentlemen of the Artillery, and other particular people are employed be the Master decampe general, and by the General of the Artillery, and be otheres, which are to be permitted to pass to deliver their mesadge in due time, and none ought to trouble or molest them in there voyadge, except they be suspected.  
The Sardgent mayor is to take care that if his Regiment in occasiones which might happen they break upon the enemy, and follow on the victory, let none in pain of death fall a robbing the hurtemen, nor none of the slaughter, which if any Officer find them in that base act in such occasiones, may execute this sentence, being most base and odious, but rather pursue the victory, and keep his order as behooveth an honourable Soldier of resolute and noble mind to do.  
In like manner in occasiones to inter per force of arms into any town citti or strong place, the Sardgent mayor is to by very, vigilant, and careful, that no Soldier of whatesoever quality or condition: be permitted to inter into any house, either ro rob or steal till such time as the enemy be wholly vanquised, that no danger nor execution of theyres might be feared, and that till all there fury be paste, and that upon pain of death, for otherwise they incur great danger, some leaving theyre arms hire and theyre in divers places; of which if the enemy take pocession they may easily Master them; Of such blind ingnorance and covetouse desire of gain, great disgrace may resulte. If the enemy do secretly join in some secret place, and fall unavare in masteringe theyre arms and murder them, which may well fall out if prevention be not used as before declared, in such sort that the enemy may not come in possession of the honeor gained with the lives and loss of so many brave Souldiores.  
For the executiones of rare exploits and brave interprises in war is required prudent and brave conduction, and specially that the Sardgent mayor be most earnest to exercise the Officeres and Souldiores of his Regiment; which being so practised in war, great expectationes might be hoped of them: Being exersised in well manadgeinge theyre arms, observing their order and not stiringe out of the same when they march, in knowing who to fall into squadron, and observe the proclamationes given, and ordained be the General, nothing so dificill but that contuall use and exercise maketh easy.  
Who soever would fain be couriouse in the framing of many sorts of batteles, it is necessary that he be exercised both in the theoric and pratike of this art, and specially to be able in Aritmetick: So shall he in time bring his purpose to perfection with great ease. And let him be careful in knowing who to give the orderes to each Officer of whate shall be commended to his charge, and cause all thingsses to be a complished as they were ordained without reply, he shall not recall any order given, except it be trough good concideration, neither shall none be discomodated to put another in his place by favour or affection: Great consideration ought to be taken in choysinge one of befitinge parts for the well executing of this office, and that be no means it be given be favour or affection for many considerationes of emportance. After those of perfection in this art we loocke daily and find feowe, but those of imperfection in multitude.  
Some hold an opinion that in orderes of marching and framing of squadrones the number par, is beast, true it is that this number is good, but in the divitiones to fall out of yovure march into squadron, let none be ingnorante that they are to march acording as the devition falleth out. And for being of number par or impar it importeth nothing, and for the contrariethere is no rule, buth rather conform with the divitiones as they shall fall out, (which is the true way) for we find no other reason to the contrary, neither had pirho. King of the Epirotes the first enventor of squadrons, neither the romans, Greeks, nor Macedonios' nor any other nation:  
A Sardgent mayor ought not to by ingnorante in framing and giving reasons of all sorts of squadrones, at jest all such as ocation and situation shall require, of which the Sardgent mayor ought to be curious, and not to err in any thing that belongeth to his office, and specially in the devitiones and framing of sundry sorts of squadrones, though many do imagine and suppose it needless (more than only the four forms.) They are far deceived, for occasiones and situtationes shall offer where neither of the four forms will serve: In framing of batteles the Sardgent mayor is to sheowe himself with a settled prudent and brave resolution, and by no means permit any crosinge or confusion in the orderes be him appointed, nor wrong none to take him out of his rank for him that came late, so hittinge upon the just devitiones of his shot and pikes, he shall place an Officer or two as he thinketh beast in the head of each devition, and that the Sardgentes do a complish theyre obligationes in letinge none to stragel, nor fall out of theyre ranks; So the Sardgent mayor shall with ease and brevity frame his squadron, and without any crossing or confusion being so conveniente.  
For each Company of pikes shall take theyre turn on the watch and so needeth no controversy nor confusion. The Master de camp as a Superior of his Regiment is to choice to march where he pleaseth, and if there by two Companies of A●cabuse●os the one is to march in the vanguard, and the other in the rergarde, it is enough that the Sardgente mayor giveth once thighs orderes that each one be his turn shall come do obtain his right in occasiones of marching, without troubling him any more. But if theyre be more than one Regiment each of them shall take theyre torn acording as they have the watch, marching first upon the right hand, and so go by turn, and shall alsoe be lodged first, and the rest of the Companies without any crossing or confusion as they come, yea if it were to frame a battle of the whole exercito.  
Many good parts are required in a Sardgent mayor and principally to be expert in well executing his office, to observe good order in march, to prudently finish with expedition his affairs, to reprehend and redress disorderes in due time, with prudence and authority, so shall he be beloved and respected, and most commonly have good successes. In the greatest dangeres he is ●o●hcowe himself with asetled mind and brave couradge, animatinge the Souldieres, showing himself with them in all dangeres and extremities, comforting, and giving them good instructiones and examples, and in the greatest dangeres that shall happen to presence himself with them with a brave and valerouse determination; so douptles shall he by beloved, feared, and respected by them. Let him by no means be overcomed by disordered a petites but rather be moderate mild, and fair condisioned, a● be●itinge ●o person of so great command.  

treating of several sorts of Squadrones.  
BIgininge with the rule who to find out the square root of any number, the table pitagorique, a table ●● by put in memory for the framing of squadrones, for such as are not expert in Arithmetic, the table of the proportiones of unequal numbers, and who to frame several sorts of squadrones, of several sorts of weapons, and the industry used for theyre due ordering and devidinge in proportion, acording as time, occasion, and situation shall require and permit.  
A square root is a digit or number which being multiplied in itself bringeth fourth a square number, as 2 being multiplied in itself make the 4. in saying two times two make the 4. and so from the number 1. to the number 9 yove shall understand in the table Pitagorique, the raise of 1. can not be but, 1. the rays of 4. is 2. the raise of 9 is 3. the rays of 16. is 4. that of 25. is 5. and so consequently as in the table following yove may perceive.  
To find out the square root of any number be it square or not square, yove must work thus, first having set down the number propounded which at the jest must consist of 3. figures. Set a prick under the first digitt of the said number on the right hand, that donpricke every other digit or number thereof towards the leiftehande; Having always one void space or chifer betwixt every 2. pricks, as yove see here done in the number following 946. to find out the square root of this propounded number, yove are to prick the said number as before taught, having so done seek out one of the 3. digites, which being multiplied in itself may take a way the chifer 9 that is on the left hand, or as much thereof as may by, in saying 3. times 3. maketh 9 so that 3. is the rays of 9 first chifer of your propounded number, and resteth nothing, which yove shall put right a 'bove the 9 so that yove have wholly done with the 9 that lieth on the left hand that done, double the quotient which is 3. and it maketh 6. and set the same in the void place right under the figure 4. and seek out a digit or number, which being multiplied in itself may take a way the 4. and say how many times 6. can yove find in 4. nullo; so set down 0. in the quotient right under the 6. that stand the on the right hand, and say that in plasinge nullo in the quotient yove have done and there resteth 46. that remaineth, so say that 30. is the square root of 946. and there remaineth 46. that is not comprehended in the square root in saying multiply 30. the square root of 946. by 30. and it will make 900. to which 900. a● 46. that remaineth, and itt shall a monte the full some of your propounded number of 946. as by the proof yove plainly see. In all such numbers to know whether yove have done well or no, multipliy the square root by itself, to the producte of which multiplication yove are to add if there by any remainder, and if yove find the sum thereof to be like to your first propounded number, yove have done well, and if it be not like yove have errede.  
But if such number do consist of many numbers or figures in workenge whereof yove must double the quotient once, twece, or threece, acording as the number doth require, which yove shall more plainly perceive by this example following: Presupose that 37424 is the number whereof yove would know the square root; to do the which wourke as before taught, first prick the 4. that standeth on the right hand, then fall to prick the other 4. towards to left hand, and having so done prick the digit 3. that standeth on the left hand of all, now seek out some digit or number, which being multiplied in itself, taketh a way the last chifer on the left hand, which is 3. or the most thereof that can be, which yove shall find to by 1. and having set down the said 1. in the quotient say one time one is 1. which being substracted out of 3. resteth 2. which is to be placed right over the 3. and conzeale the said 3. that don, double the quotient 1. and it maketh 2. which yove are to place right under the 7 of your propounded numberin the seconde place towards the left hand, that done say who many times 2 in 27. yove shall find it to be 9 in saying 9 times 2. is 18. out of 27 resteth 9 which yove shall place right over, and above the 7. in the seconde place on the left hand, and in the quotient right under the prick of the chifer 4 in the 3 place towards the left hand yove shall place 9 having so done, say 9 times 9 is 81. being substracted out of 94. resteth 13. now double the 18 in the quotient, and it will be 38. which yove shall place under the 9 in the quotient towards the right hand, having so done say how many times 38. in 132. that standeth right above it, yove shall find it to be 3. which yove shall place in the quotient under the first prike on the right hand under the chifer 4. that don say 3. times 3. maketh 9 out of 13. resteth 4. then say 3. times 8. maketh 24 out of 42. resteth 18 that done fall to the 3. in the quotient and multiply it in itself and it maketh 9 which yove shall substract out of the producte of your last division which was 184. and there shall remain 175. so that 193. is the square root of the first number given which was 37424 which square being multiplied in itself is 37249. and the remainder is 175. which two partitiones being put together maketh the first number of 37424. yove are alsoe to understand that if yove find any number out of which your quotient being doubled and can not be substracted, yove must set down a chifer in the quotient as yove do in division.  
Most necessary it is for a Sardgent mayor, or who soever doth pretend to be curious in the profession of arms, that he be expert in Aritmeticke, and in knowing who to find out the square root of any number, that he may with the more facility order divide, and rank his Souldieres, either of great or small numbers; yea and of whate soever form a Sardgent mayor, ought not to be ignorant, for some times occasion and situation offereth that neither of the 4. forms of squadrones are to be used; Wherefore i will set down the rules, first for the framing of the four forms of squadrones most a customed and most in use, as alsoe the rules to frame squadrones acording to the situation and disposition of the place, and occasiones to fight, as well of equalities as of inequalities. The 4. forms of squadrones most acustomed and most in use, is the square of men the square of ground, bastard square, and broad square, which the Spaniarde call quadra de gente; quadra de tereno, prolongado, y gran frente.  
Gentle Reader, understand that the first thing to by understood in framing of squadrones, is that the principal bodies of them are to be framed of pikes, to the which are required a certain quantity of shot, which are to be divided as time situation and occasion shal-require, touching which divisiones great consideration and industry is required in many occurantes of warlike affairs, and it is of great importance for who so ever taketh this charge in hand to be perfect in Aritmeticke to facilitate many rare occurrantes of this art, and specially in the office of a Sardgent mayoyr.  
It is to be understood that the rule which is observed in setinge in order or array Souldieres, is that from the shoulder of the one to the shoulder of the other, is required 3. foot or at the most three and haulf, and from rank to rank 7. foot, meaning from the breast of the one to the back of the other. But when occasion shall offer to fight 3. foot or 3 ½. is i noghe from rank to rank meaning from the breast of the own to the back of the other, and one for his one station, so that he ocupies before and behind, and for his person 7. foot.  
To form a squadron square of men, yove shall work, as before taught in finding out the square root which shall serve for front and flank, as by the example following yove shall more plainly understand, Suppose that yove are to frame a squadron square of men of 464. pikes, to find out the square root of this number first prick the last chifer 4. towards the right hand, that done, prick the other 4. towards the left hand, so that the figure 6. standeth in the midel, now fall to the 4. that standeth on the left hand, and say the raise of 4. is 2. in saying two times two maketh 4. which 4 yove are to substract out of the 4 that standeth on the left hand then conzeale the 4. and please azero above it, now fall to 2. that is in the quotient, and say two times two maketh 4. which yove shall place right under the 6. which lieth in the mideste of the number given, and say how many times 4 in 6. which can be but one, in saying 4. times 1. maketh 4. out of 6. resteth but 2. which 2. yove shall place a 'bove the 6. and canzeale the 6. that done fall to 1. that lieth in the quotient under the chifer 4. on the right hand, and say one time one is 1. out of 4 that layeth on the right hand there shall rest 3. which shall be plase right over the 4. towardaes the right hand, then canzeale the 4. and there shall remain 23. so that 21. is your front and flank, and 23. remaining which shall serve to guarnish the culoures, to see if yove have done well, multiply 21. the square root in itself, and the producte will by 441. to which producte ad 23. pikes, that did remain, and the some thereof willbe like unto the first number given which was 464. as by the figure following yove may see.  
A battle square of men of 464. pikes whose front and flank is 21.  
 

Square root.  1 1  50 2500 2 4  51 2600 3 9  52 2704 4 16  53 2809 5 25  54 2916 6 36  55 3025 7 49  56 3136 8 64  57 3249 9 81  58 3364    59 3481 10 100  60 3600 11 121  61 3721 12 144  62 3844 13 169  63 3969 14 196  64 4096 15 225  65 4225 16 256  66 4356 17 289  67 4489 18 324  68 4628 19 361  69 4761 20 400  70 4900 21 441  71 5041 22 484  72 5184 23 529  73 5329 24 576  74 5476 25 625  75 5625 26 676  76 5776 27 729  77 5929 28 784  78 6084 29 841  79 6241 30 900  80 6400 31 961  81 6561 32 1024  82 6724 33 1089  83 6889 34 1156  84 7056 35 1225  85 7225 36 1296  86 7396 37 1369  87 7569 38 1444  88 7744 39 1521  89 7921    90 8100 40 1600  91 8281 41 1681  92 8464 42 1764  93 8649 43 1849  94 8836 44 1936  95 9025 45 2025  96 9216 46 2116  97 9409 47 2209  98 9604 48 2304  99 9801 49 2401  100 10000  
For such as are not expert in Aritmeticke i have set down the a fore said Table to find the square root of any number to then thousand, which shall help much such as are not able in Aritmetike, but such as are inclined to be perfect in this noble art of war: i would wish them not to wholly trust to this rule for the reasons before declared; but rather learn to be perfect in Arithmetic, which is the surest way.  

A Squadron square of men of 361. Soldiers of the which 144. are pikes, and 217. musketes.  
Front of the battle. Square of men.  
 


144 Pikes.  
48 Musk.  
36 Musk.  
76 Musk.  
57 Musk.  
361    
Suppose that yove are to frame a squadron square of men of 361. Soldiers of the which 144. are pikes and 217. are musketes and that yove would have the squadron proportionally lined, every way with the shot. To work the which first take the square root of the 144. pikes which yove shall find to be 12. and say that 12. is the front and flank of the squadron of pikes, that done take the whole number of shot and pikes which is 361. out of the which alsoe take the square root, which yove shall find to be 19 out of this 19 substract 12. the square root of the pikes, and there shall remain 7. and so yove find the number that yove demand for the girdlinge shot, now divide the 7. into two parts and say that yove find 4 in one part and 3. in the other, and say that by your division yove find that the first maniple of musketes is to march with 12. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank, which is for the linenge shot of the right flank of your squadron. That don say that also by, your last division yove find 12. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank to guarinshe the liefte flank of your squadron, and say that the two flanks of your squadron are linede, with shot, meaning 4. in each rank of the linenge of the right flank, and 3. in each rank of the linenge of the liefte flank; so the two flanks are lined.  
That done, say that 12. the front of your pikes adinge thereunto 7. musketes of the linenges of the two flakes maketh 19 and say that in your last division yove find that 19 ranks of 4. musquetes in each rank are to march for the linenge shot of the vanguard, and alsoe 19 ranks of 3. musketes are to march in the last division of shot for the linenge of the rergarde of your battle, as by the figure before and in the devisiones of the same yove see plainly declared, and so your squadron of pikes is proportionally lined every way in as much as the division and number can afforded.   

A squadron square of men of 576. Soldiers of the which 256. are pikes, and 320. musketes divided proportionally as by the figure following yove see.  
Front of the Battle.  
 


256 Pikes.  
64 Musq.  
64 Musq.  
96 Musq.  
96 Musq.  
576.    
For the framing of all such squadrones either of great or small numbers, which yove would have to be proportionally lined with shot yove shall work in this manner following: first take the number of pikes which is 256. out of the which take the square root, which is 16. and say that so many pikes shall the front and flank of your battle contain, and that it is of equal strength every way as well, to offend as to defend, and when yove would draw them into squadron, for the more brevity yove may divide the front thereof into two maniples each one containing 16. ranks of 8. pikes in each rank, now to proportionally guarnish the same with the shot take your full number of pikes, and shot which is 576. out of which number take the square root which yove shall find to by 24. that don, substract 16. the square root of the pikes out of 24. the square of the full number of pikes and shot, and there shall remain 8. this digit divide into two equal parts, which is four in each part, and say that the squadron of pikes is to be lined every way with 4. shot as by the division of the same yove see, meaning that your first division of shot is to march with 16. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank, which is to line the right flank of your squadron of pikes, and so many more ranks shall march to line the left flank of the squadron of pikes, meaning 16. ranks of 4. musketes in every rank, so the two flanks of your squadron are lined. That don say that the front of your squadron is 16. and thereunto add 8 the linenge shot of the two flanks, and it will a monte to 24. To line the front of your battle, say that yove are to march with 24. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank, and so many more for the linenge of the rearward of your battle as the figure and divisiones showeth, and so shall yove find your squadron proportionally lined every way; which by the rule form, and divisiones of the same yove may plainly understand This rule will serve to frame all such sorts of squadrones either of great or small numbers, which yove would have to be proportionally lined with shot, as plainly the figure and divisiones before sheowethe.  
In many countries hardly can you find the one haulf of there pikes armed with complett corseletes, so that this rule will sheowe yove how to guarnish the unarmed pikes, with the complett corseletes proportionally every way, advertising that the culoures is to march in the centre.  
A cross battle of 1416. Souldieres of the which 512. are pikes, and 904. musketes, which are to be divided into 4 batteles, and lined proportionally on the two flanks, as by the figure and divisiones following are reasoned. To work the which, first take the number of pikes, for each squadron of the 4. required for your cross battle. Now to your purpose take the square root of 128. pikes of your first squadron, which will be 11. and 7. pikes remaining, and say that 11. pikes is the front and flank of your first battle of pikes, as alsoe of the other 3. batteles, and 7. pikes remaining in each battle, which shall serve to guarinsh the culoures; so that 11· is the front and flank of each one of your 4. batteles of pikes, and 7. pikes remaining for the linenge of the culoures of each battle of the 4.  
Now for the division of your propounded number of shot. Double the one flank of each one of the 4. batteles of pikes, which double will by 88 this 88 the double flank of the 4. batteles of pikes divide by 904. your propounded number of musketes, and the number in the quotient will by 10. and 24 musketes remaining, and say that the two flanks of each of your 4. batteles of pikes are to by lined with 11. ranks of ten musketes in each rank as by the figure, and deutiones folowenge yove may plainly see, and with the observation of this rule with any other number either great or small yove shall with facility know how to proportionably divide your shot for to guarinsh the two flanks of your squadron of pikes.  
Thief cross batteles are esteemed to be wonderful strong considering well the framing thereof. It is also of wonderful safeguard, for the security of the baggage amunitiones and hurt men, and if the enemy should chance to charge the first battle, or any of the other 3. which being alone are but of little force. Wherefore consideration ought to be taken of the stratagems of the enemy, and with what order they do march, and then yove may double or tribele your front acording as occasion shall require and the situation shall permit. And if the enemy are strong on horse, regard ought to be taken in due time of the baggage that it go deposito, or be twexte the two last batteles, and for their better security in such ocationes, I would cut two ranks of each of the two last batteles and therwithe guarnishe the front and regard of the baggage and also with shot under the shelter of this guarnison of pikes so that they may be shadowed and defended every way and give a triple front to the two last batteles.   

Cross Battle.  
 
Several sorts of arms are manadged in all coutries and in many places hardly can yove find the one haulf of there pikes armed with complett corseletes. Wherefore i taught fit to set down the rules for the due ordering in proportion of thief several sorts of arms, for being most necessary in many occasiones in warlike affairs: Put in case yove have 1112. souldieres, of the which 260. are unarmed pikes 316. armed with complett corseletes, 114. officeres reform and particular people who are armed with gilted corseletes, and for the linenge shot 422. musketes. Of the which number the camp master general, would have a squadron square of men to be framed, puttenge the unarmed pikes in the centre, proportionally lined every way with the armed corseltes, and the armed pikes proportionally lined with the gilted corseletes and officeres reform, as also that the 4. sides of the full battle of pikes to be proportionally guarinshed with the 422. musketes.  
To work the which first take 260. which is the unarmed pikes out of which take the square root which is 16 and. 4 pikes remaining, and say that 16 pikes is the front and flank of your centre of unarmed pikes. That don take the full number of unarmed and armed pikes which is 576. out of which also take the square root which will be 24. now deduct of this 24.16 the raise or square root of the unarmed pikes, and there shall remain 8. this 8. divide into two parts, and it is 4. in each part, and say that 16. ranks of 4. corseletes in each rank is to guarnish the right flank of your centre of unarmed pikes, and so many more for the guarnision of the leifte flank of the centre of the unarmed pikes.  
Now to proportionally line the front of the centre say that to 16 the front of the centre is to be aded 8 of the 2. linings which make the 24. so say that the front is to be guarinshed with 24. ranks of 4. armed pikes in each rank, and so is the front of your centre and unarmed pikes lined, and the rearward is to be guarinshed with the self same order, imeane 24. ranks of armed pikes of 4. pikes in each rank, so the centre of the unarmed pikes is proportionally lined every way with the complete corseletes.  
Now to line the armed pikes with the 114. gilted corseletes take the full number of pikes as well armed as unarmed which is 690. out of which take the square root which is 26. out of this 26. the last rays deduct 24. the square root of your armed and unarmed pikes and there shall rest 2. this 2. divide into two parts which will be one, and say that the right flank of the armed pikes are to be guarinshed with only 24. gilted pikes which just ocupies place of one in each rank of the flank and just so many more for to guarinshe the leifte flank of the armed pikes, and say that the two flanks are guarinshed: Now your front is 26. and just so many gilted pikes are to guarinsh the outward side of the armed corseletes, and just so many for the linenge of the rearward so your squadron is proportionally guarinshed every way, imeane the centre with the armed pikes, and the armed pikes with the gilted corseletes.  
Now to divide your 422. musketes, you are to take the square root of the propounded and full number of pikes and shot which is 1112. which square root will. be 33. out of this square deduct 26. the square root that was of the full number of pikes and there shall remain 7, this 7. divide into two parts, the one will be 4. and the other 3. and say that by your devition you find that the right flank of your squadron of pikes is to be lined, with 26. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank, (that done) say that for the linenge shot of the leifte flank your devition yealdethe 26. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank so are your two flanks of the squadron of pikes lined with shot, now with the two linenges of shot you find the front to contain 33. and say that 33. ranks of 4. musketes is to line the full front of the battle of pikes and 33. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank is to guarnish the full front of the rearward, for by the rule of divition and proportion it can not be other wise, so your unarmed pikes are in the centre, proportionally lined with the corseletes, and the corseletes with the gilted armour, and the squadron of pikes proportionally lined every way with the 422. musketes as you shall see by the figure and devisiones following, advertising that in your devisiones there do remain 4. unarmed pikes and 14. of the gilted corseletes and five musketes as in the devisiones folo wing you may see, all which are comprehended in the 23. the remainder of your last division, as here followeth declared.  
A Squadron square of men.  

256 Pikes.  
64 Cors.  
64 Cors.  
96 Cors.  
96 Cors.  
24 Gilt. C.  
24 Gilt. C.  
26 Gilt. C.  
26 Gilt. C.  
104 Mus.  
78 Mus.  
132 Mus.  
99 Mus.  
4 Pik.  
14 Gilt.  
5 Mus.  
1112.   

16 Ran. 16  
16 Rank. 4  
16 Rank. 4  
24 Ran. 4  
24 Rank. 4  
24 Rank. 1  
24 Rank. 1  
26 Rank. 1  
26 Rank. 1  
26 Rank. 4  
26 Rank. 3  
33 Rank. 4  
33 Rank. 3   
 

260 Unarmed Pik.  
316 Armed Pik.  
114 Gilted Corsel.  
422 Musketes.  
1112    

Considering that many are ingnorante in knowing the proportion of many sorts of squadrones and unequal numbers ● taught necessary to put hire the tabel and rules for the same as hire followeth.  
I Would wish allsuche as do pretend to step forward in the noble profeshion of arms, trough there prudent carriage, and good applicationes, to consider that many good parts are required in them, amongst the which we find it most necessary that he be expert in aritmeticke, for otherwise hardly can he bring unto perfection the rare curiosities required to the several executions of the art of war. And especially the sundry devisiones of the several sorts of squadrones, which by daily trial, and experience, we see that many who are not curious nor expert in aritmeticke do err in very many ocasiones, and can not compass, nor bring to just perfection with grace, many rare occurantes in warlike affairs; and that for the most part resulting of there little aplicationes in imitatenge the vertouse prudent and approved soldier; and also trough the blind consideration of some, who considering that now in our later wars for the most part all electiones goes by favour friendship or affection: yea and very many by means of enteres, so that very many do not take the pains in aplieinge themselves in learning the several rare curiosities of this art but rather mock, and flout at those of rare and curious judgements by cause that their skill and capacity can not reach in resolvinge the rare and deep secrets of this art, after those of perfection in this art we look, for those of imperfection we find on every foot: so none ought to reprehend in absence whereof in presence he is ingnorante.   

Proportiones of inequalities is that the battle may be more broad then long or more in front then in flank.  
Thief proportiones of inequalities is as 2. to 1. that is to say the battle to be two times more broad then long, or more in front then in flank, as is one to three or 1. to 4. ett. or the battle to be three times or 4. times more broad then long, or more in front then in flank, or to be 2⅓. or 3¼. more broad then long or any other such like proportiones, to which effect i put this table and the rules thereunte apertaininge.  
1½ is as— 2 to 3 1⅔ — 3 — 5 1 2/4 — 4 — 6 1⅔ — 5 — 7 1 2/6 — 6 — 8 1 2/7 — 7 — 9 1 2/8 — 8 — 10 1 2/● — 9 — 11 2/● — 3 — ●8 2¾ — 4 — 11 2½ — 2 — 05 2/1● — 8 — 17 2⅔ — 3 — 7 2 2/4 — 4 — 10 2 1/7 — 7 — 15 2 2/6 — 6 — 14 2 3/7 — 7 — 17 3½ is as— 2 to 7 3/●3 — 3 — 10 3¼ — 4 — 13 3⅕ — 5 — 16 3 2/6 — 6 — 20 3 1/7 — 7 — 22 3 1/8 — 8 — 25 3 2/9 — 9 — 29 3 3/● — 9 — 30 4½ — 2 — 09 4⅓ — 3 — 13 4¼ — 4 — 17 4⅕ — 5 — 21 4⅙ — 6 — 25 4 1/7 — 7 — 29 4⅛ — 8 — 33 4 1/9 — 9 — 37 4 2/9 — 9 — 38 5½ is as— 2 to 11 5⅓ — 3 — 16 5/●4 — 4 — 21 5⅕ — 5 — 26 5 ●/6 — 6 — 31 5 1/7 — 7 — 36 5 2/7 — 7 — 37 5 2/● — 8 — 41 5 1/9 — 9 — 46 6½ — 2 — 13 6⅓ — 3 — 19 6¼ — 4 — 25 6⅖ — 5 — 31 6 2/6 — 6 — 37 6 2/7 — 7 — 43 6 2/7 — 7 — 44 6⅛ — 8 — 49 6 1/9 — 9 — 55  
To reduce these fractiones into whole numbers, and to know their proportion you are to work in this manner following. first multiply the whole number by the fractiones denominator, and add thereunto the numerator of the said fraction, and the proportion is found, as for example to have the battle to contain so much and the one haulf more in front then in flank which the Spaniard call tanto i medio; seek in the table 1½ where of the whole number is. 1. and the fraction is ½ now multiply the whole number 1. by the fraction is Denominator 2. and it maketh 2. whereunto you shallad the said fractiones numerator which is 1. which two adisiones doth amount 3. and the fractiones denominator is 2. so say it is in proportion as is 2. to 3. and so must yove work with all such numbers to know the proportion thereof, or say that you will have the battle to be 3 3/3. more in front then in flank, and to find the proportion say it is as 3. to 10. as in the table yove shall see, and that yove may better understand it work as before taught, first in multiplienge the whole number 3. by 3. the fractiones denominator and it will be 9 to this 9 ad 1. which is the fractiones numerator and it will be 10 and say that it is in proportion as 3. to 10. and with this observation and rule you shall know in what proportion shall by any number.   

To frame a Battle of 819. Souldieres, which shall contain so much and the one haulf more in front then in flank, which the Spaniarde and Italian call de tanto y medio.  
 
THe advantadge of ground good order, and Military discipline are such that trough the conduction of prudent and brave Comaunderes small numbers often times repulse far greater numbers, and some times the situation and disposition of ground-so faulethe out, that neither of the 4. forms of Squadrones can serve; Wherefore a Sardgent mayor▪ or whosoever undertakethe to by curious or perfect in this art, aught to be expert in framing all sorts of batteles, as well of equal and inequal numbers whatesoever, wherefore i taught fit to set down the rules for the framing of such batteles  
Bigininge with a battle of so much and one haulf more in front then in flank, which the Italian call tanto y metcho; which i suppose to by framed of 507. armed pikes, and that the front thereof contain so much and the one haulf more in front then in the flank, to work the which put down the number propounded which is 507. pikes, unto which number add the one haulf of the self number, which will be 253 ●/2. that done, add both numbers and it will a month to 760 2/1. out of which take the square root, which will by 27. and 21. remaining, and say that 27. is the front of the battle.  
To find out the flank take 507. the number of pikes, and divide it by 27. the front, the quotient thereof willbe 18. and 21. pikes remaining, and say that 18. is the flank; and the 21. pikes which did remain out of your last division will serve to guarnishe the culoures, so that 27. is the front, and 18. the flank, which cometh to the just proportion of the form and number propounded, to see if yove have done, well multiply 27. the front by 18. the flank the product of which multiplication, and the 21. which did remain in your last division, and if it agrie with the number of pikes propounded yove have done well, if not yove err, advertising that the proportion of the front and flank must be observed, the form whereof yove shall see here following, and lined proportionally every way with the 312. musketes, as yove more plainly may perceive by the figure followenge, and by the divisiones of the same.  
 
A Squadron of so much and the one half more in front then in flank.  
 
Pikes contained in the body of the battle. 486 p. Pikes remaining to guarnish the culoures. 021 p. The lineng shot of the right flank. 057 m. The lininge shot of the leifte flank. 057 m. The lining shot of the full front. 099 m. The lining shot of the front of the rear. 099 m.  819 m.   

A Squadron of so much and one thirde part more in front then in flank.  
 


208 pikes.  
2 pikes.  
42 musk.  
42 musk.  
88 musk.  
66 musk.  
12 musk, remaining.  
1 1/● 460.    
SOme times occasion and situation may offer to frame a squadron of so much and one thirde part more in front then in flank, which the Spaniarde Caule tanto y un tercio, which i suppose to be of 460. Souldieres of the which 210. are pikes and 250 musketes, and considering that asargent mayor or any perfect soldier ought not to be ingnorant in the framing of all sorts of squadrones as time occasion and situation shall require, wherefore i taught fit to set down the rules for the framing of any such or semblable sorts of batteles, now biginenge with the above number. To work the which first take the propounded number of 210. pikes, that done divide it by 3. the quotiente whereof will by 70. this 70. the 3 part of the propounded number, ad to it the propound number of pikes and it willbe 280. out of which take the square root which willbe 16. and 24. remainenge and say that 16. is the front of your battle; that done, to find out the flank divide 210. the propounded number of pikes by 16. the front, the quotiente whereof will be 13. and two pikes remainenge, and say that 13. is the flank and 16 the front and two pikes remaining, to see of you have done well, multiply the front by, the flank adding to the producte of your multiplication the remainder, and if it agrie with your propounded number of pikes it goes well.  
Now for the devition of your propounded number of short which is 250. musketes take the whole number of short and pikes, which is 460. and divide the same by 3. which quotient you shall find to by 153. and one remaining, now thief 153. the quotiente of your last division of the propounded number of 460. the producte of which 2. aditiones will by 613. that don take the square root of 613. which will by 24. the front of the number, now to find out the flank, take your principal number of pikes and shot which is 460. which you are to divide by 24. the square root of 613. and the number in the quotiente will be 19 and 4. remaining and say that 24. is the front and ●9. the flank, that done deduct 13. the flank of your squadron of pikes out of 19 the last flank and there shall remain 6. this 6. divide into two parts and yove shall find 3. in each part, and say that the first division of shot is 14. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank comprehended one rank of 3. musketes for the lining of the culoures of the right flank of your squadron of pikes, and say that the leifte flank or side of your battle of pikes are to be lined with the self same order i mean 14. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank; so is the two flanks of your battle of pikes proportionally lined with musketes. Now to find out the shot that will line the front and rearward of your battle of pikes deduct 84. musketes the lining shot of the two flanks out of 250. the full number of shot, and there will remain 166. musketes these 166. divide by 22. the full front of your pikes of the two linges the quotient of which willbe 7. this 7. divide into two parts the one will be 4. and the other of 3. and say that the guarnison of musketes that is to line the front is 22. ranks of 4 musketes in each rank, and 22 ranks of 3. musketes for the linenge of the rearward, so is your battle proportionally guarnished or lined every way, ad. vertisinge that 12. musketes remaineth out of your division which will serve for to guarinsh the culoures, so with this observation and rule you may divide your shot of any other such semblable battles.  
advertising that two pikes, which doth guarnish the culoures are above the number the division of the battle yieldeth, which at jest are to be taken out of some rank for that inescusable purpose to guarinsh the culoures, as also to be reckoned but once in their first division; so that in all squadrones when in the divisiones of their pikes and shot, shall not rest the convenient number required for the due lining of the culoures, then of force must that number be taken out of some part of the battle, advertising that this number so taken is not to be reckoned but once, and that is where their first division sheoweth, as declared in the table of the battle, which is the true observation, and explication of the divisiones both of the pikes and shot. So is it to by understood that the number taken out of thighs divisiones for the colours the battle shall contain so many above the number alued in their first division, and so for not to err, the divisiones of the table are to be observed for bienge infallible, and for cause that most commonly of force order and array must be broken to orderly place the culors in the centre as also to guarnish them with the conveniente pikes and shot.   

A Squadron of two times more in front then in flank.  
 
TO find out the front and flank of any number of pikes, which yove would have to be two times more broad then long or more in front then in flank, which i suppose at this instant to be 1008. of the which 520. are pikes and 488. musketes, first take the propounded number of pikes which is 520· and multiply the same by 2. the producte will by 1040. now out of this producte take the square root, which willbe 32, and 16. remaining, and say that 32. is the front of your battle of pikes, now to find out the flank, take the propounded number of pikes, which is 520. This 520. divide by 32. the front, and the number in the quotient will be 16. and 8. pikes remaining so yove found out the front and flank, meaning that 32. is the front, and 16 the flank, and 8. pikes remaining, in your last division, which will serve to guarnish the culoures, with the observation of this rule, yove may frame a battle of pikes either of small or great numbers, and of whate form yove will have the same to contain of 3. times 4. times or 5. times more in front then in flank in multiplying the propounded number of pikes by the proportion thereof, if yove would have it contain 3. times more in front then in flank multiply your propounded number of pikes by 3. if yove would have it to contain 4. times more in front then in flank multiply it by 4. and in wourkinge as before taught yove shall find out the front and flank, and there just proportion; for the impalinge shot i have spoken of in other form of squadrones, but for such as would be curious and expert, is required great consideration to be had for the several sorts of divisiones of shot, as time occasion and situation shall require, and it is most necessary for him that undertakethe this charge in hand to by expert in Arithmetic, and so with continual practice shall he with great facility bring to just perfection all the divisiones befitenge for this purpose, and let none be ingnorante but that for the several and rare curiosities of the divisiones of shot is required much practice, and specially in Aritmeticke, which is the principal fundament in reducenge these devisiones into there just perfection, always considering of time occasion and situation, as also of afore cast prevention against the stratagems and orderes of your enemy.  
A Squadron square of men of 3024. Souldieres of the which 1764. are pikes, and 1260. musketes divided into several maniples, and troops to march that they may fall into battle presently when occasion is offered as by the figure and divisiones following set down, and for such as have not intered into the deep judgement and practice of this art. I will here set down the order of there divisiones, first take the propounded number of pikes, which is 1764. out of the which take the square root, which will by 42. the which is the front and flank of your pikes. That don take the full number of your shot, which is 1260 and divide this by 42. the flank of the propounded number of pikes, and the number in the quotient will by 30. That don divide 30 the quotient into two equal parts, and you shall find the half thereof to be 15 so say that 15. shot comes under the shelter of each pike of your flank for the guarnison of the same, I mean to each of the two flanks, for trial whereof multiply 42. the flank of the pikes by the quotient of your last devition which was 30. and the producte will by the just number of shot propounded, And that you may the more easy perceive thief devisiones I will set them down in brief as here following you may see.  
The first division is 42. ranks of five musketes in each rank which shall march in the vanguard of the divisiones of your marching which monted. 210 musketes. The seconde division of your squadron is 42. ranks of 7. pikes which follows the first division of musketes and monteth. 294 pikes. The thirde division that follows the seconde shall march with 42 ranks of 7. pikes in each rank which monteth. 294 pikes. The fourth division shall by of 42. ranks of musketes of 5. in each rank monteth. 210 pikes. The fifthe division shall march with 42. ranks of pikes of 7. pikes in each rank which monteth. 294 pikes. The sixth division is 42. ranks of musketes of 5. musketes in each rank which is the last division of shot of the vanguard and linenge shot of the right flank of the squadron of pikes which monteth. 210 musketes.  
So are the pikes and shot of the vanguard divided and the rest of your shot and pikes are divided as followeth.  
The first division of the rergarde is divided into 42. ranks of 5. musketes in each rank which shall march in front of the linenge shot of the liefte flank of your battle which monted. 210 musketes. The seconde division of the reregarde is 42. ranks of 7. pikes in each rank which monted. 294 pikes. Vhe thirde division of the rergarde is divided into so many more ranks. 294 pikes. The fourth division of the reregarde is 42. ranks of 5. musketes in each rank the firstwinge of shot of the left flank of the battle of pikes. 210 musketes. The fifthe division is 42. ranks of 7. pikes in each rank monteth. 294 pikes. The sixth division of the rergarde is divided into 42. ranks of five musketes in each rank for the seconde wing of shot of the liefte flank. 210 musketes.  3024.  
If you would have the one haulf of your shot to march by themselves in the vanguard of the pikes as commonly many do, you may with ease and brevety in observing the same divisiones and without breaking of any rank, in only comandinge that the first 3. divisiones of shot do march in the vanguard, and then cause all the divisiones of pikes to follow, observenge there order as before set down, plasinge the culores in the centre, and after them in therergarde to march the other 3. divisiones of shot which is for the lining of the liefte flank and observing their order as before spoken of.  


1764 pikes.  
1260 musk.  
3024. men.    
  

By the figure following you see the said divisiones fall out of their march in to battle, and proporsionally lined on the two flanks with the 1260. musketes, as by the divisiones of the same, and the figure following you may see as the table of the divisiones of the battle hire following sheoweth.  
You shall understand that in the division of the pikes there did remain nothing, and for bienge inescusable to guarinsh the culoures with pikes and shot, i cut of the front of the battle one rank which contains 42. pikes and 30. musketes, of thighs pikes 20. shall guarnishe the two flanks of the culoures and the other 22 pikes shall by employed for other purposes, and the 30. musketes with other 30. that are to be taken out of the battle shall guarinsh the culoures, so for such as for curiosity would confronte this rekoninge it is necessary they know the diference is that 60. mueketes are to by taken out of the battle to guaruish the culoures as before declared. Which are to be reckoned but once for otherwise there shall by 30. musketes diference.  
The pikes contained in the body of the battle. 1722. p. The pikes that doth guarinsh the colours. 20. p. Pikes employed in ocasiones of service. 22. p.  1764. p.  

1764 pikes.  
1260 musketes.  
3024 men.   

Table of the battle.  
210 musketes.  
294 pikes.  
294 pikes.  
210 musketes.  
294 pikes.  
210 musketes.  
210 musketes.  
294 pikes.  
294 pikes.  
210 musketes.  
294 pikes.  
210 musketes.  
3024 men.   
SQUARE OF MEN. 3024. men. FRONT OF THE BATTLE.  

1764 pikes.  
1260 musk.  
3024.    

A battle square of men which ocupies place of 694. men in which battle goes avoid centre which ocupies ●oume of 49. men appointed for the safety of hurt men and amunitiones, or for unarmed men and baggage.  
The empty centre. 49 men. Unarmed pikes. 121 pik. Armed pikes or Corseletes. 172 Cors. Musketes. 352 mus.  694.  
THe empty centre for hurtemen ammunition and baggage ocupies please of 49. in front and allsoe in flank whose front and flank is 7.  
The first division of unarmed pikes that lines the right flank of the void centre shall be divided into 7. ranks of 3. unarmed pikes in each rank. 21 pikes. The seconde division of the unarmed pikes shall alsoe march with 7. ranks of 3. pikes in each, to guarnish the left flank of the void centre. 21 pikes. The thirde maniple of unarmed pikes that shall line the front of the centre shall be divided into 13. ranks of 3. pikes in each 39 pikes. The fourth maniple of the unarmed pikes that shall march to line the rergarde of the centre divided into 13 ranks of 3. pikes in each rank. 39 pikes. The first division of armed pikes shall be divided into 13. ranks of 3. corseletes to line the right flank of the unarmed pikes. 39 corselet. The second division of corseletes that do line the left flank of the unarmed pikes is divided into 13. ranks of 2. corseletes in each. 26 corselet. The thirde division of corseletes that shall line the front of the unarmed pikes shall be divided into 18. ranks of 3. corseletes in each. 54 corselet. The fourth division or maniple of corseltes that shall line the rergarde of the unarmed pikes shall be divided into 18. ranks of 2. corseletes in each rank. 36 cors. In the division of the armed and unarmed pikes there did remain 18. pikes of the which 17. are corseletes. 18  293.  
THe division of the 352 musketes of the siyed squadron to line the battle proportionally every way shall be divided in this manner following, the rules both for this division, as also for the divisiones of the dry pikes and corseletes. I will set down after this.  
The first division of shot of the said squadron shall march in the vanguard with 18. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank for the lining of the right flank of the battle of pikes monteth. 72 mus. The seconde division of the vangarde shall march with 18. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank for the linenge shot of the lieft flank of the squadron. 72 mus. The first division of shot of the rergarde shall be divided into 26. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank for to line the front of the battle. 104 mus. The second division of shot of the rearguard shall be divided into 26. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank which shall line the rergarde of the battle. 104 mus.  352 mus.  
Table of the Battle.  
 
I Do not doubpte but many who have not long practised in the framing of squadrones, and that are not skilful in the several divisiones of the same, and in particular such as are not able in Arithmetic, will in the beginning find great difficulty in well ordering and dividinge in proportion thief batteles with centeres, and lined every way proporsionally with sundry sorts of weapons. Wherefore i taught fit to set down in writing the manner of theyre several divisiones. To work the which yove must bigin with the centre; Then with the divisiones of your unarmed and armed pikes, and then with the divisiones of your shot to see how they fall to line the squadron of pikes in proportion as hire followeth.  
To work the which, first bigin with 49. your propounded number for the void centre, and demand for the square root of 49. which is 7. so you find that 7. is the front and flank of the void centre, that done say that your void place or centre ocupies 21. foot in front and 49. in flank, than place down 49. the centre and 121. the unarmed pikes which two adisiones, will amont to 170. out of which take the square root which is 13. and say that 13. is the front of the unarmed pikes with the void centre, that done subtract 7. the front of the centre out of 13. the front of the centre and unarmed, and you shall find that 6. remaniethe, this 6 divide by 2! and the quotient will be 3. so say that by your division you find that 3. unarmed pikes comes to the linenge of the centre every way, beginenge first with the right flank of the centre which is 7. and say the linenge of pikes of that flank is 7. ranks of 3 pikes in each rank, and just so many more ranks for the linenge of the leift flank of the centre, conteinenge 21. pikes in each linenge, so by your division you fowde the 2. linenges of pikes of the 2. flanks of the centre. Now say 7. the front of the centre and 6 the 2. linenges of the same maketh. 13. the front of the centre and 2. linings, now say that the thirde maniple of unarmed pikes that shall line the front of the centre and the 2. linenges of the same, shall march with 13. ranks of 3. dry pikes in each rank, so the 2. flanks and front of the centre are lined: that done say that the 4. maniples of unarmed pikes are to be divided into 13. ranks of 3. pikes in each rank for to line the rergarde of the void centre, and say that the centre is proportionally lined every way with the unarmed pikes, and that one unarmed pike did remain in your last division.  
Now to divide the armed pikes, to line the unarmed proportionally every way, take the full number of the centre, of the unarmed, and armed pikes propounded, which 3. partisiones doth amonthe 342. that don take the square root of this number which willbe 18. and resteth 18. of the which 17. are armed pikes and 1. unarmed, now subtract the square root 13. out of the square root 18. and there shall rest 5. this 5. divide and say that 3 comes to line one way, and 2. armed pikes the other side of your unarmed pikes; then say that the first division of armed pikes that shall line the right flank of the unarmed, must march with 13. ranks of 3. armed pikes in each rank which doth amonth to 39 so say that the right flank of the unarmed is lined with corseletes, now in the seconde division of corseletes shall march 13. ranks of 2. armed pikes or corseletes in each rank to line the leifte flank of the unarmed as by your division so falleth out, now say that the 2 flanks of the unarmed pikes are lined with the corseletes. Then in the third division of the corseletes shall march 18. ranks of 3. corseletes in each rank for the linenge of the full front of the unarmed pikes, and centre. That done cause the fourth division or maniple of corseletes to march with 18. ranks of 2. corseletes in each rank for the linenge of the rergarde of the battle so say that the void centre is proportionally lined with the unarmed pikes, and the unarmed with the corseletes, and that there did rest 18. pikes which shall serve to guarinsh the colours in the centre, advertising that 17. are corseletes and 1. unarmed pike all which divisiones you se ordered as by the figure following apeereth; now to divide your propounded number of shot which was 352 musketes take the full number of the centre of the armed and unarmed pikes, as also of the musketes which will amonte 694 out of which take the square root which will by 26. out of which substract 18 the square of the centre of the armed and unarmed pikes, and there shall rest 8. this 8 divide into two parts and each part will by 4 and say that to guarinshe the right flank of the squadron of pikes you are to march with 18. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank, and with just so many more shall you guarnishe or line the leifte flank of the full number of pikes, now to find out the lining shot of the front and rearward, say that adinge to 18. the front of the pikes 8 of the two linenges of the two flanks it maketh 26. and then say that to guarinshe the full front you are to march with 26. ranks of 4 musketes in each rank, which is the lining shot of the front, and just so many more ranks shall guarnishe the rearward of the battle of pikes meaning 26. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank and so is your battle proportionally lined every way as the figure and divisiones following sheowethe.  
A Squadron square of men with a void centre.  
Front of the Battle.   

Table of the Battle.  
 
 Pikes. Musketes. Soilderes. Spaniards. 1040 840 1880. Italianes. 0888 780 1668. Irish. 0946 760 1706. English. 0840 740 1580. Borgonones. 0847 694 1541. Valones. 0939 686 1625.  5500 4500 10000   

A battle square of men framed of six nationes, and who they shall un confusedly fall into battle with grace and brevity, dividinge to each nation his part of the vanguard, acording the number of men they give in relasion, as by the figure following are orderly divided, to fall into battle of a sudden without any crossing or confusion, with the ensigns of each nation in the centre of their pikes.  
THe enemy aproachinge and understanding that they are resolved to give battle, the camp Master general knowing of the prudent brave conduction, and resolute determination of the Spaniard, Italian, Irish, English, Borgonones, and Valones, commandeth that there should be chosen out of thief nationes to the number of 10000 of chosen men of tried valour and full resolution givenge order that a battle square of men should be framed of the said 10000 men, and for fear of confusion or controversy in time of falling into squadron, he give the order that the Italianes should follow the Spaniards, the Irish to follow the Italianes, the English to follow the Irish, the Borgonones after the Inglishe and the Valones to follow, the Burgonones, and that each nation should follow one another as before declared with the front and flank that toucheth each nation acording to the number of men they give in ralation, that with grace and brevity and without any crossing or confusion each nation may fall into squadron of a sudden, and that each nation may have his part of the vanguard acording to the number of men he givethe in relation. To work the which i taught fit to set down the rules for the divisiones of these nationes, as here followeth.  
first take the full number of pikes given in relation by the said six Nationes, which is 5500. out of which take the square root, which is 74. the front and flank of the battle, and 24. pikes remaining, which shall serve to guarnishe the culoures. That done bigin to guarnishe or line the two flanks of the battle of pikes with short aleowinge five shot under the shelter or defence of each pike, which is the most that can conveniently be defended under the same. To find out the linenge shot of the right flank of the battle of pikes, as before ordained, multiply 74. the flank by 5. and the producte will by 370. and say that the linenge shot of the right flank is 74. ranks of 5 musketes in each rank, and say that the right flank of the battle of pikes is lined with shot. To guarnishe or line the leifte flank of the battle of pikes, also say that it is 74. ranks of 5. musketes in each rank which maketh 370. musketes, and say that your two flanks of the battle of pikes are lined, now to know the short that shall guarnishe the full front of the pikes, and of the two linings of the 2. flanks, ad 10. the musketes of the 2. linings to 74. the front of the pikes, and it maketh 84. the full front, then say that the division of shot that shall line or guarnishe the full front is to march with 84. ranks of five musketes in each rank, and just so many more ranks shall march in the fourte division of shot that shall guarnish the full front of the rearward, advertising that each division of the two last that lines the front and rearward contains 420. musketes in each, so that the full number of shot of the afore said 4. divisiones that shall line the two flanks front and rearward doth a mount to 1590. musketes, comprehended 10. musketes for to guarnish the colours, thief 1590. musketes deduct out of the propounded and full number of musketes which is 4500. and there shall remain 2910. musketes which i divide into 30. troops which cometh to 97. musketes in each troop, the which 30. troops is divided in the 4. angles and two flanks of the battle as by the figure and divisiones following you may better perceive, where all is ordered and set down, and with as great facility as the divisiones can affourde, that there by such as are not expert in aritmeticke nor in the theoric and practic of this art may the sooner conceive the same.  
 Pikes. Musketes. Soilderes. Spaniards. 1040 840 1880. Italianes. 0888 780 1668. Irish. 0946 760 1706. English. 0840 740 1580. Borgonones. 0847 694 1541. Valones. 0939 686 1625.  5500 4500 10000  
 
THe full number of shot of the said six nationes monted.—  
Out of which is to be deducted the divisiones of the 4. linenges.  
So that after deductinge the linenge shot of the 4. frontes of the battle of pikes resteth 2910. m. Which is divided into 30. troops at 97 m. in each troop, which are divided in the 4 angles and two flanks of the battle of pikes as by the figure and divisiones following ordered and proportionally divided. advertising that out of one of the troops of musketes of the angel's you are to take 10. musketes to guarnishe the culores.  

The divisiones of the pikes and the order wherewithe each nation shall march to fall into battle with grace and brevety.  
BY the divisiones of the pikes before spoken of in dividinge 74. the flank of your squadron of pikes be 1040. the number of pikes the Spaniards gave, yove shall find the number in the quotiente to by 14. and 4. remaining and say that the Spaniards are to march with 74. ranks of 14. pikes in each rank which is the order they are to observe when occasion offereth to fall into squadron with there colours in the centre of there pikes, advertising that there resteth 4. pikes out of there division. 14 front.- 4. The Italianes who gave relation of 888. pikes is divided by the self same rule into 74. ranks of 12 pikes in each rank, and in offering occasion without any crossing or confusion shall fall into battle with this order, and close upon the leifte hand of the Spaniards with the culoures in the centre, and conform themselves with the Spaniards in front and flank. 12 front. The Irish who gave relation of 946. pikes, shall be divided into 74. ranks of 12. pikes in each rank with their culoures in the centre of their pikes, and resteth 58. pikes out of there division, and they shall fall into battle with this order, and close upon the left hand of the Italianes. 12 front.- 58. The English who gave relation of 847. pikes is divided into 74. ranks of aleaven pikes in each rank with there culoures in the centre, and resteth 26. pikes. 11 front.- 26. The Borgonones who gave relation of 841. pikes are divided into 74. ranks of 11. pikes in each rank, and 33. pikes remaining, and with there culoures in the centre shall close upon the left hand of the English, when occasion offereth. 11 front.- 33. The Valones who gave relation of 939. pikes is divided into 74. ranks of 12 pikes in each rank, and 51. pikes remaining, and in offering occasion to fall into squadron shall observe this order, and join upon the leifte hand of the Borgonones with there coulores in the centre. 12 front.- 51. advertising that of the 172. pikes that did remain in the divisiones of the Spaniards, Irish, English, Borgonones, and Valones. They shall by divided into 74. ranks of two pikes in each rank and shall close up on the leifte hand of the Valones when occasion shall offer to fall into battle, and there shall rest 24 pikes. 2 front.- 24.  74 front.- 24.  
The first division of shot that shall guarnishe or line the right flank of the squadron of pikes is divided into 74 ranks of five musketes in each rank, considering that a pike can hardly defend under the shelter or defence of the same above five shot at the most. 370 musk. The seconde division of shot that shall guarnishe the leifte flank of the battle of pikes is divided into 74. ranks of five musketes in each rank. 370 musk. The thirde division of shot that is to guarnishe the full front of the battle of pikes, and the two linenges of the same is divided into 84. ranks of five musketes in each rank. 420 m. The fourth division of shot that is for to guarnishe the rearward of the battle of pikes, and the two linenge shot of the two flanks is divided into 84. ranks of five musketes in each rank. 420 m. In the division of the full number of shot there did remain out of the division 10. musketes that is to guarnishe the coulores as in the divisiones of the shot is set down. 10 m.  1590. musk.  
After lining your squadron of pikes proportionally every way as before declared, the 4. guarnitiones of shot montes 1590. musketes which are to be substracted out of the principal some or number of musketes which is 4500. there shall remain 2910. musketes, this remainder divide into 30. troops and you shall find by your division each troop to contain 97. musketes ordered and divided in the four angles and two flanks of the battle of pikes to skirmish acording as time occasion, and situation shall require as by the figure following you may see who all thief divisiones do fall out of there march into aperfect squadron in the form and manner as before declared and set down. advertising that out of the last troop of musketes on the liefte angle of the battle must by taken 10. musketes for the lining shot of the culoures, so that troop of musketes contains but 87. musketes and all the rest 97. so that 10. muskeths difereth.  
advertising that the culoures of each division of pikes shall march in the centre of the same, so that when occasion shall offer they may with grace and brevity fall into battle array, and without any crossing or confusion nor cutting of ranks nor order as many do, but unconfusedly with grace, and brevetie fall into battle, as by the figure following you may see, the 10. musketes you take out of one of the troops of the angles for to guarnish the culoures are to by reckoned in their due place as the divisiones of shot sheoweth, and you are not to reckon them in the battle by reason they were borrowed out of one of the troops of musketes.  
And let none by ignorant that when the conveniente number of pikes and shot do not remain out of the divisiones to guarnish the culoures, then of force order and array must be broken, in cutinge the shot and pikes necessary to guarnish them, and so for not to err in the reckoning the divisiones of the table of the battle are to by observed (for being infallible) and for bienge the producte: of the general rule of all the divisiones of the battle, so is it to be under stood that their is no better surer nor brifer rule for this purpose.  
By the figure following and by the table and divisiones of the same you may see who each nation doth march with the front and flank acording the number of men they gave in relasion, advertising that the culoures of each nation are to march in the cinter of their division of pikes, and the 74 ranks of pikes of 2 pikes in rank that did remain out of the divisiones of the said 6 nationes shall close up on the leifte flank of the battle of pikes as be the figure and divisiones following you may plainly see who orderly out of there march they fall unto battle with grace and brevity.  
FRONT OF THE BATTLE. SQUARE OF MEN.  

TABLE OF THE BATTLE.  THe Spaniards are divided into 74. ranks of 14 pikes in each rank monted. 1036 pikes. The Italianes into 74. ranks of 12. pikes. 0888 pikes. The Irish into 74. ranks of 12. pikes. 0888 pikes. The English into 74. ranks of 11. pikes. 0814 pikes. The Borgonones 74. ranks of 11. pikes. 0814 pikes. The Valones into 74. ranks of 12. pikes. 0888 pikes. The remainder of pikes of the six nasiones divided into 74. ranks of 2. pik. in each. 0148 pikes. Pikes remaining out of the divisiones. 24 pikes.  5500 pikes. The lininge shot of the right flank of the battle of pikes. 0370 musk. The lining shot of the leifte flank. 370 musk. The guarnision shot of the front monted. 420 musk. The guarnision of the reregarde. 420 musk. Shot remaining out of the divisiones. 020 musk. 2900. musketes divided into 30. troops. 2900 musk.  4500 musk.  
advertising that out of one of the troops of musketes are to be taken 10. musketes with the other 10. that did remain to guarnish the culoures; still observing the divisiones of the table for being infallible.   

The great battle of 10000 men before spoken of, is now divided into three battles square of men as by the figure following appeareth.  
OF the then thousand men (before spoken of, and of which were framed abattell square of men, and all redused into one body as before set down, and the form of there divisiones. Now suppose that the Campe-master general would have the self same number of 10000 men to be divided into three batteles square of men and to observe such good order in there divisiones that with grace, and brevity and without any crossing or confusion they may fall out of there march into battle, as by the divisiones, and figure following you may see. advertising that of the Spaniards and Italianes there shall by framed one squadron, and of the Irish and English another, and of the Borgonones and Valones an other.  
 Pikes. Musketes. Soulderes Spaniards. 1040 840 1880. Italianes. 0888 780 1668. Irish. 0946 760 1706. English. 0840 740 1580. Borgonones. 0847 694 1541. Valones. 0939 686 1625.  5500 4500 10000  
 Pikes. Musketes. Soulderes. Spaniards and Italianes. 1928 1620 3548. Irish and English. 1786 1500 3286. Burgonones and Valones. 1786 1380 3176.  5500 4500 10000  
Now to our pupose take the full number of pikes of the Spaniards and Italianes which is 1928. pikes out of which take the square root which will by 43. and 79. pikes remainenge, considering that 79. pikes are much to remain out of the squadron divide 79 by 43. the square root, and the number in the quotiente will by one, and 36. pikes yet remaining, this one you found out of 79. add it to 43. and it will by 44. and 36. pikes remaining, and say that 44. is the front of the battle of pikes, and 43 the flank, now consider that hardly above 4. shot can by, conveniently defended under the shelter and defence of the pike. And say that you will line your battle of pikes proportionally by 4. musketes every way. This resolution taken multiply 43. the flank of the battle of pikes by 4. musketes the linenge shot, the producte whereof will by 172. musketes for the lining shot of the right flank of your battle of pikes, and just so many more for the lining shot of the leifte flank of the battle of pikes. That done ad 8. the linenge shot of the two flanks to 44 the front of the battle of pikes which two aditiones maketh 52. the full front of the pikes and 2. linenges of the two flanks, now to guarnishe the front of the battle of pikes multiply 52. by 4. the producte whereof will by 208. musketes which is the number of shot that shall guarnishe the front of the battle, meaning 52. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank. That done say that the two flanks and front of the battle are lined with shot. Now to guarnishe the rearward of the battle, observe the self same order, and number where with you did guarnishe the front of the battle which was 52. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank, and with so many shall you guarnishe the re reward of the battle, and say that your battle is proportionally lined every way with shot.  
Now for the division of the rest of your shot take 1620. musketes the full number of shot propounded, out of which deduct 760. musketes the girdling shot of the 4. frontes of your battle, and there shall remain 860. musketes. Which i divide into 14. troops of 60. musketes in each troop, of the which one troop shall contain 74. musketes by reason the division so falleth out, and divided on the two flanks of the battle as by the divisiones, and figure following aperethe, which is the first battle of the three, and on the right hand; advertising that in the last division of shot there did remain 6. musketes where with you may guarnish the coulores with them, and with the 36. pikes that did remain out of the division of your pikes, so your propounded number of pikes and shot are divided. advertising that the front of this battle is 44. and the flank 43. multiplienge the one by the other and adinge there unto 36 pikes that do guarnishe the coulores maketh the propounded number of pikes, which was 1928. as by the divisiones following apeerethe, advertising that you are to cut ten musketes that wants for the guarnision of the culoures, out of one of the troops, which you shall find to much in the battle, be reason they are borrowed of one of the troops so follow the divisiones as they are set down in the table which is the right way, and infallible.  
Table of the first battle.  
 
 Pikes. Musketes. Souldieres. Irish. 946 760 1706. English. 840 740 1580.  1786 1500 3286.   

THE SECONDE BATTLE.  
Now that yove have done with the number of pikes and shot the Spaniards and Italianes gave. Take the 3286 men which is given in relation be the Irish and English, of the which 1786 are pikes, and 1500. musketes. To reduce them into a perfect squadron square of men, and to be proportionally lined and guarnished every way with shot. To work the which, first take the number of pikes which is 1786. out of which take the square root which will by 42 and there shall remain 22. pikes which may be employed to guarnishe the coullores, that done say that 42 is the front and flank of the battle of pikes and 22. pikes remaining. And suppose, that occasion offereth that you find necessary the lining shot not to pass 3. in rank under the shelter, and defence of apike. Now to find out the lining shot of the right flank of your battle of pikes multiply 42. the flank of the pikes by 3. musketes that is aleowed for the linenge shot, the producte whereof will by 126. or 42. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, then say the right flank of the pikes are lined with shot, and just so many more ranks of shot shall serve for the lining of the leifte flank of the battle of pikes, observing the self same number and order as did the linenge shot of the right flank of the battle of pikes which is 42. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank which monteth to 126. musketes, now to guarnish the front of the battle of pikes which is 42. add thereunto the two linings which 3. aditiones will by 48. the full front of the pikes, and of the two linings which you shall multiply by 3. the producte whereof will by 144. musketes or 48. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, so the two flanks and front of the battle of pikes are proportionably lined.  
Now to guarnish the reregarde of the battle of pikes with shot, observe the self same order before set down for the lining of the front of the pikes. That is to say 48. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, so your battle of pikes is proportionally lined every way. That don substract the 540. musketes the linenge shot of the two flanks front and rearward out of the principal number of shot which is 1500 and there shall rest 960. musketes which you shall divide by 12. or into 12 troops and the quotiente of your division alowethe 80. musketes in each troop, which yove may double when occasion require (that done) say that the rest of your shot is divided into 12. troops of 80. musketes in each troop to be divided on the two flanks of the battle of pikes to squirmish in single or double siele as occasion and situation shall require, so all your pikes and shot are divided, advertising that the 22. pikes that did remain out of the division of the pikes are to guarnish the coulores, as by the divisiones following you may see. Advertisenge that by reason no musketes did remain out of the divisiones, you are to cut of one of the troops 12. musketes to guarnish the coulores which are not to be reckoned in the body of the battle (but for borrowed) but where the divisiones falleth and sheoweth which is the right way as here under you see in the table which is unfalible.  
Table of the seconde battle.  
 
 Pikes. Musketes. Souldieres. Borgonones. 847 694 1541. Valones. 939 686 1625.  1786 1380 3166.   

THE THIRDE BATTLE.  
Now to frame the thirde Battle of the 3166. men the Borgonones and Valones gave in relation meaning 1786. pikes, and 1380. musketes, first take the propounded number of pikes, which is 1786. out of which take the square root, which yove shall find to be 42. so that 42. is the front and flank of the battle, and 22. pikes, remaining which shall serve to guarnishe the culoures.  
Put in case that occasion requireth that your linenge shot is to be no more than 3. musketes in rank, and say that 42. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank shall guarnishe the right flank of the battle of pikes, and just so many more for the linenge of the leifte flank, which two linenges maketh 252. musketes, that done take 42. the front of the pikes, and add thereunto 6. the linenge shot of the two flanks, which two aditiones will make 48. To guarnishe the front of your battle of pikes, say that the thirde division of shot is 48. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, and just so many more ranks for the linenge shot of the rearward of the battle of pikes, observing the self same order as doth the thirde division of shot, meaning 148. ranks, of 3. musketes in each rank, which two divisiones for the linenge shot of the front and rearward maketh 288 musketes, and so the 4. sides of your battle of pikes are proportionally lined every way, the four linenges importheth 540. musketes.  
That don substract 540. musketes out of the full number of shot which is 1380. and there shall remain 840. musketes, which yove shall divide as time occasion or situation shall require: which now i suppose conveniente to be divided into twenty troops to be divided on the two flanks of the battle of pikes to skirmish where occasion shall require in single or double fiele, as the situation shall permit, and the occasion shall require, at 42. musketes in each troop, so all your shot and pikas are divided, as before declared; advertising that the culoures shall march in the centre guarnished with the 22 pikes, that did remain in the division of the pikes, and by reason no shot did remain out of the divisiones of your shot yove may take 12. shot out of the last division of shot to guarnishe the culoures, so your three battles are framed, and by the figure following you see how out of there divisiones they fall into battle. Great consideration and curiosity is to by understood for the several divisiones of shot, as time and occasion shall require, always considering the situation and disposition of the ground, as also of the several occasiones and advantadges in skirnmishenge with great or small troops with single or double file and in whate distance (when, the enemy doth abound on horse, and when not) and also in preventing in due time the orderes and stratagems of the enemy.  
Let none by ingnorante that when in the divisiones of pikes and shot their resteth not enough to guarnish the culoures, of force the necessary shot and pikes required for that purpose are to be cut of the wings or troops of the flanks, and are to be reckoned where their first divisiones did fall, as declared in the table of the battles for if you reckon them in the battle and where their first division did fall, it can not confronte with the divisiones, so observe still the rule of the divisiones as set down and declared in brief in the table of the battles, which is the right way and general rule. This table is neowlie invented for that purpose, where presently without any pains or trouble you shall find the reasons, and proportion of all the divisiones of the batteles in brief (as well of the shot as of the pikes) as also whate remaineth out of the divisiones, which table is of rare importance for the brief explicatinge and ordering of all the divisiones of battles. And besides for cause that many auctores do leave the same in obscurity to avoid prolixity, as also to disperte the ingeniouse understanding of those of perfection in this art.  

Table of the thirde battle.  Pikes contained in the body of the battle. 1764 pikes. Pikes remaining to guarnish the culors. 022 pikes. lining shot of the right flank. 126 musketes. lining shot of the leifte flank. 126 musketes. lining shot of the front of the battle 144 musketes. lining shot of the front of the rergarde 144 musketes. Musketes divided into 20. troops on the flanks of the battle. 828 musketes. Musketes deducted to guarnish the colours. 012 musketes.  3166 men.  
SQUARE OF MEN.  
Front of the seconde Battle.  
Front of the first Battle.  
Front of the thirde Battle.  
 
A Squadron square of ground of 1116. souldieres of the which 576. are pikes, and 540. musketes, to reduce them into aperfecte squadron square of ground first take the propounded number of pikes which is 576. which you shall multiply by 3. the producte whereof will be 1728 this producte divide by 7. and the number in the quotient will by 246. out of this 246. take the square root which will by 15. and say that you found out the flank of the battle of pikes, now to find out the front of the battle, take the propounded number of pikes which was 576. which you shall divide by 15. the flank, the quotiente whereof will by 38. which is the front of the battle of pikes and there resteth 6. pikes which shall serve to guarnish the coulores, so that 38. is the front and 15. the flank. Now for the division of your 540. musketes first say that for the girdling shot of the right flank of the battle of pikes must march 16. ranks of 5. musketes in each rank comprehended the rank of the culors, so the first division of shot of the van garde is divided into 16. ranks of five musketes in eacheranke. And the seconde division of shot of the vanguard and first wing of the right flank of the battle of pikes is divided into 19 ranks of 5. musketes in each rank. The thirde division or wing of the vangarde is also divided into 19 ranks of 5. musketes in each rank which shall serve for the seconde wing of shot of the vanguard and right flank of the battle of pikes, so that 270. musketes, the just haulf of the propounded number of shot, are comprehended in the said 3. divisiones of shot of the vanguard and right flank of the battle of pikes.  
And for the girdling shot and two wings of the leifte flank of the battle of pikes are also left just so many more. Which shall observe the self same order in linenge the leifte flank of the pikes. Imeane 16. ranks of five musketes in each for the girdling shot of the leifte flank of the battle of pikes and 2. slives, of 19 ranks of 5. musketes in each rank, in which 6. divisiones are comprehended the full number of shot which was 540. musketes advertising that the first three divisiones of shot shall march before the pikes, and the other three divisiones of the rergarde and leifte flank shall march after the pikes, as by the divisiones following set down in brife and shall be better understood by such as are not expert in this art: so that they may the sooner conceive and come to understand these divisiones, and how out of there march they fall into battle with grace and brevity without any crossinge confusion or breaking of ranks as many do, which are not expert in aritmetike nor in the several sorts of divisiones of fiery weapone.  
The first division of shot and first wing of the vanguard is divided into 19 ranks of five musketes in each rank which contains. 95 musk. The seconde wing and division of the vanguard is divided into 19 ranks of five musketes in each rank. 95 musk. The thirde division of shot of the vanguard for the girdling shot of the right flank of the battle of pikes is divided into 16. ranks of five musketes in each rank comprehended the rank of the coulores. 80 musk. After theabove 3. divisiones of shot of the vanguard shall march the first division of pikes of 15. ranks of 10. pikes in each rank. 150 pikes. The seconde division of pikes is also divided into 15. ranks of 10. pikes in each. 150 pikes. The thirde division of pikes Idem. 150 pikes. The fourth division of pikes is divided into 15. ranks of 8. pikes in each rank which doth contain. 120 pikes. Or the coulores did remain. 006 pikes. The first division of shot of the rergarded that follows the pikes and that shall line the leifte flank is divided into 16. ranks of 5. musketes in each rank monted. 080 musk. The seconde division and first wing of musketes of the reregarde is divided into 19 ranks of 5. musketes in each rank which follows the girdlinge shot of the leifte flank and contains. 95 musk. The thirde division of shot of the rergarde is divided into another slive of 19 ranks of five musketes in each rank. 95 mus.  1116.  
The said 1116. souldieres are divided into ten divisiones as before declared and who out of there march they shall fall in battle either in singell or double fiele as occasion shall require, and the situation and disposition of the ground shall permit, advertising that there did remain 6. pikes for to guarnishe the coulores, and that in the divisiones of the lininge shot and rank of the coulores is comprehended 2. ranks of shot and that each one of the 4. wings doth contain 3. ranks more than the divisiones of the girdling shot, and that for cause that ordinarily the wings are augmented with 3.4. or 5. ranks more than the girdling shot.  
 
Front of the Battle.  

Table of the Battle.  570 p. Body of the battle of pikes. 6 p. Remainder of pikes. 95 m. first wing of musketes. 95 m. Seconde wing of musketes. 80 m. lining of the right flank. 80 m. lining shot of the leifte flank. 95 m. first wing of musket. leifte flank. 95 m. Seconde wing of muss. leifte flank. 1116.   
 
TO frame a Squadron square of ground of 2782. Souldieres' of the which number 1050. are pikes, and 1732. musketes, to reduce this number into a Squadron square of ground, which the Spanniarde caulle Quadro de terreno, first take the propounded number of pikes which is 1050. and multiply it by 3. the producte, whereof will by 3150. this producte divide by 7. and the number in the quotient will be 450. out of this quotiente take the square root which you shall find to be 21. and 9 remaining, and say that 21. is the flank of the propounded number of pikes. Now to find the front of the battle take the full number of pikes, which is 1050. which yove shall divide by 21. the flank, and the quotient will be 50. and remaineth nothing, and say that 50. is the front of the battle of pikes, and 21 the flank.  
Now for the division of your shot suppose that yove would have the lining shot not to contain more than 4. in rank, and that yove would have the battle of pikes, to be proportionally lined every way with shot. To work the which, take 21. the flank of the battle of pikes, and multiply it by 4. the producte whereof will by 84. and say that the first division of shot is 84. musketes▪ or 21. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank, which is the linenge shot of the right flank of the battle of pikes, and the seconde division of shot for the linenge of the leifte flank shall contain just so many more, now to find out the number of shot that shall be in proportion to guarnish the full front of the battle of pikes and of the two linenges, ad to 50. the front of the propounded number of pikes 8 the number of shot of the two linges which two aditiones will make 58. and say that 58 ranks of 4. musketes in each rank shall be the guarnison, or linenge shot of the front of the battle of pikes, and of the 2 linenges, and just so many more for the guarnison of the rearward of the battle of pikes, meaning as before declared 58. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank, so the two flanks front and rearward of the battle of pikes is proportionally lined every way with 640. musketes, and resteth 1092. musketes which i divide into 22. troops or maniples, ordered and divided in the front, rergarde, and 4. angles of the battle of pikes, to skirmish either in single or double fiele as time occasion and situation shall require, and permit; all which divisiones you may see by the figure following, for the divisiones of shot let none be ingnorante but that there are many considerationes, and curiosities to be had as time and occasion shall require, and especially if the enemy be superior on horse.    

Hire followeth who the full number of pikes and shot is divided into 31. divisiones and who out of theyre march they fall into battle.  
THe first division of shot that lines the right flank of the battle of pikes is 21. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank. 84 musk. The seconde division of shot for the linenge shot of the leifte flank of the battle of pikes just so many more 21. ranks of 4 muskets. 84 musk. The thirde division of shot that guarnisheth the full front of the battle and 2. linings is 58. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank. 232 musk. The fourth division of shot that doth guarnishe the rearward of the battle of pikes and 2. linings is 58. ranks of 4. musketes in each rank. 232 musk. 22. maniples of 50. musketes in each, divided on the front rergarde, and 4. angles of the battle maketh. 1100 mus.  1732 mus.  
advertising that of one of the troops of musketes on the angles of the battle are to by taken 8. musketes which wants to guarnish the culoures be reason no musketes did remain in their last division, also be reason no pikes did rest in the division of the pikes y cut 21. pikes of the flank to guarnishe the culoures so the front of the battle of pikes shall by but 49. pikes. And by reason the divisiones are before shut up thighs 8 musketes difereth in the rekoninge, so that when aconv eniente number of pikes and shot do not remain out of the divisiones suficiente to guarnish the culoures the above observation mu ste be kept as ordered in the Table of the battle, so to confronte the divisiones with the propounded number yove are to by informed by the table for bienge infallible.  
 
A Battle of 2025. Souldieres divided into five battles square of ground, of the which number 945. are pikes, and 1080 musketes which are equally divided into five batteles, and proportionally lined with the propounded number of shot which is 1080. musketes as the divisiones and figure following sheowethe.  
To work the which first take the propounded number of pikes which is 945 and divide it into five parts or by five, and the number in the quotiente will by 189. which is the just number of pikes your division yealdethe for each battle of the five, now to find out the front, and flank of each battle take 189. pikes which your division alowethe for each battle of pikes, and multiply the same by 3. the producte whereof will by 567. this producte divide by 7. and the number in the quotient will by 81. out of this 81. the quotiente take the square root which will by 9 and say that 9 is the flank of each one of the five batteles of pikes, now to find the front take the propounded number of pikes which your division did allow to each battle of pikes which was 189. this 189 pikes divide by 9 the flank, the quotiente whereof will by 21. and nothing remaining, and say that 21. pikes is the front, and 9 the flank of each battle of pikes before spoken of and when yove will have them fall into squadron let them march in 3. maniples of 9 ranks of 7. pikes in each rank with the colours in the centre of the midel maniple, and so shall they fall with grace and brevity into battle, and without any crosinge or confushion. To guarnishe the colours yove may cut nine pikes of the flank of each battle, and so shall the front contain but 20. pikes; now for the division of the propounded number of shot which was 1080. musketes suppose that yove would have each battle of pikes to be proportionally lined alowinge 3. musketes under the shelter or defence of the pike, first say that the first division of shot that shall girdle the right flank of the first battle of pikes shall contain 9 ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, and just so many more for the girdling shot of the leifte flank, so is the 2. flanks of the battle of pikes guarnished: Now to guarnishe the front of the battle of pikes with shot say that 21. is the front of the battle of pikes, and adinge thereunto the two linings it maketh 27. and say that the third division of shot is to march with 27. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, which shall guarnishe the full front of the battle of pikes, and two linings; Now the two flanks and front of the battle of pikes are guarnished, and guarnish the rearward of the battle of pikes observe the self same order as yove did in guarnishinge the front of the battle of pikes which was 27. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, so your battle of pikes is proportionally lined every way as before declared. The self same order shall by observed for the linenge, and girdling shot of the other four batteles of pikes as more plainly shall a peer by the divisiones and figure following  
The first division of shot that doth guarnishe the right flank of the battle of pikes is divided into nine ranks of 3. musketes in each rank. 27 musk. The seconde division of shot that guarnisheth the leifte flank of the battle of pikes shall observe the self same order. 27 musk. The thirde division of shot that shall guarnishe the full front of the battle of pikes, and of the two linenges is divided into 27. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank monted. 81 musk. The fourth division that doth guarnishe the rearward of the battle of pikes shall observe the self same order Imeane 27. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank. 81 musk.  216 musk.  
By the above mentioned four divisiones yove see who the first battle of pikes is proporsionally guarnished with shot, which 4. divisiones maketh 216. musketes, and the self same order shall be observed to guarnishe each one of the other four battles of pikes which maketh up 1080 musketes the propounded number for the five batteles, as you may plainly see by the figure following how they fall out of there march, and divisiones into battle as before declared, advertising that in the divisiones of the pikes and shot there did remain nothing.  
 
Front of the seconde Battle.  
Front of the first Battle.  
Front of the thirde Battle.  
Front of the fifthe Battle.  
Front of the fourth Battle.  

Table of the five Batteles.  Divisiones of the first Battle: first division is 9 r. of 7. pikes. 63 pikes.  Seconde division. Idem. 63 pikes.  The thirde division. Alsoe. 63 pikes.   189 pikes.  Multiplied by five. 5.  Pikes of the five Batteles. 945 pikes.  lining shot of the right flank of the first battle of pikes, 9 ranks of musketes in each rank. 27 musk.  lining shot of the lieft flank 9 r. of 3. musketes. 27 musk. 945 musk. Liningh shot of the front 28. r. of 3. m. in each rank. 81 musk. 1080 pikes. Guarnision of shot of the reregarde 28. r. of 3. musketes. 81 musk. 2025 men.  216 musk.  Multiplied by 5.  lining shot of the 5. battles. 1080.   
advertising that no pikes nor shot did remain out of the divisiones to guarnishe the culoures, so that one rank of pikes and shot may by cut all a longest, the front or flank of each battle to guarnish the culoures.  
 
Considering that cross batteles are of wonderful force as well aganiste horse as foot as also for the safeguard of baggage amunitiones, and hurtemen: i toughte necessary to put down the rule for the framing of such fort of batteles, put in case that you have 2032. souldieres of the which 1000 are pikes and 1032. are musketes and that you wouled have this number divided into four battles of broad front proporsionally lined every way with the propounded number of shot. To work the which first take the number of pikes which is 1000 and divide the same by 4. or into four parts and the quotiente will by 250. which is the number of pikes that your division yieldeth for each of the 4. batteles of pikes, now to frame the first battle take 250. pikes, and divide the same by 3. the quotient will by 83. of which 83. take the square root which is 9 and say that 9 is the flank of the battle, now to find out the front take 250. the number of pikes and divide the same by 9 the flank, the quotient will by 27. and 7. pikes remaining, and say that 27. is the front and 9 the flank, and 7. pikes remaining: so yove find out the front and flank of each battle of the 4. and 7. pikes remaining in each battle which shall serve to guarnishe the coulores, now for the division of your shot take the propounded number of shot which is 1032 musketes, and divide the same by 4. or into 4. parts and the number in the quotiente will by 258. which is the just number of shot your division yealdethe for each battle of the 4. of pikes: that done take the number of pikes, and shot that each battle doth contain, which is 508. this full number, divide by 3. the quotient whereof willbe 169. out of which take the square root which will by 13. the flank: now to find the front of the full number of pikes and shot take 508. and divide it by 13. the flank, and the quotiente will be 39 and 1. remaining now take 10. the flank of the pikes comprehending the linenge of the culors, and substract it out of 13. the last flank of the full number of pikes and shot and there shall remain 3. and say that the first division of shot shall march with 10. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank which shall serve for the girdling shot of the right flank of the first battle of pikes, and just so many more for the linenge shot of the leifte flank, so the two flanks of the battle of pikes are lined, now to guarnishe the front of the battle of pikes, ad 6 the 2. linenges to 27. the front of the pikes which two aditiones maketh 33. and say that the thirde division of shot shall march with 33. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, and just so many more ranks of musketes shall march to guarnish the rearward of the battle of pikes, and two linenges, so the four sides of the battle of pikes are proportionally lined every way, and the self same order shall be observed for the divisiones of each battle of the other three as the figure and divisiones following sheowethe, these cross batteles are esteemed to be of wonderful force, considering well the framing of them, and they are also of wonderful safeguard for the baggage, amunitiones and hurtemen, and if the enemy do come to charge on the first battle or on any of the other outward batteles, which being alone are but of little force, but the two outward batteles marching upon both sides of the first, than it is of triple force, and if the enemy do charge on the rearward of the two alone batteles they close to gither, and are of double force, and if the enemy be strong on horse, and should charge at once on the front and rearward then the baggage and hurtemen are to march betwixt the two double batteles, of the vangarde and rearward and cut so many pikes as shall guarnish the same on both sides to keep of the fury of the horse, so it is guarished every way as the divisiones and figure following sheowethe, by reason the culoures are double lined and that yove must cut 6. musketes for each battle in the rekoninge shall difer so many, it importeth nothing be reason yove are to observe the general rule of the table which is infallible.  
Front of the first Battle.  
Front of the thirde Battle.  
Front of the seconde Battle.  
Front of the fourth Battle.  
 
BY reason that by the divisiones the conveniente number of shot did not rest for the lining of the culoures, the 6. shot that wants for that purpose in each of the four battles, are to by taken out of some of the divisiones; so that thighs 6. musketes borrowed shall difer But for not to err in the reckoning always observe the 〈…〉 of the di●isiones as set down in the Table, for being infallible) and that most commonly to much or to little pikes, and shot are wont to remain for the lining of the culoures, so that the first divisiones ordered in the Table, is the right way, for otherwise such as are not curious and of rare judgement can not choose but err in the reckoning, and so for to prevente remedy of this confusion, and obscure reckoning, always observe the divivisiones of the Table, for being infallible, by reason that the convenient number of pikes, and shot did not remain out of the divisiones you may cut one rank alongste the flank or front to guarnish the culoures▪  
Table of the cross Battle.  
 
Several orderes are used for the repartinge and prudent ordering of an army into sundry battalones, as the occasiones and judiciouse intendiment of the prudent and brave Comaunder shall find conveniente, in devidinge them into 3.6.8.12. or 16 battalones, which with facility are ordered by the prudent and experimented Sardgente mayor.  
An army of 19200. divided into 16. battalones of broad front, bienge divided by 16. each battle shall contain 1200. whose front is 60. and flank 20. as by the figures following yove see ordered.  
The army divided into 16 batteles of broad front.  
16. BATTELES.  
The self same army of 19200. is divided into 12. battalones of broad front: yove shall by your division find each battalon to contain 1600. whose front is 69. and flank 23. as the figures following sheoweth.  
The army divided into 12 batteles of broad front.  
12. BATTELES.   

Three thousand men divided into six battles of broad front ordered to fight, as by the figure following yove see, the front of each battle is 41. and flank 12. and 8. remaining in the divisions of each battallon.  
SEverall opiniones are for the divisiones and ordering of the fiery weapon, some use wings of 200. some 300. shot, but in my opinion it were far better to divide them into small troops of 50.60.70. and so till a 100 for by experience i know the same to by of for greater execution in ocasiones of service, and more ready either in plain straight or narrow places, for the more troops of shot yove have being prudently ordered and conducted, the more shall the enemy by a plied, the one orderly secondinge the other, which questionless their execution shall by far greater than if they were divided into great troops. When yove shall come to any narrow or straight pasadges, consider whether the straight by such as will suffice that yove may pass trough the same with the order yove march, if not conform the order with the pasadge, and let the order not by so broad in front but that it may convenientely march without breaking order or array, nor lesher than the thirde part of the front of the battle of pikes, if the situation so permit; for cause that all prevensiones possible to be had for the brief framing of battles are to by more esteemed, rather than fall abreakinge often times order and array, as very many unable Sardgente mayores commonly do, but rather prudently with grace and brevity, and without any crossing or confusion or breaking of any rank fall into battle, thighs and many more difficulties are with facility reduced into their just perfection by prudent and brave conductores, and with grace and brevity.  
The rule to frame triangle battles is to bigin with one man in the first rank, 3. in the seconde, 5. in the thirde, seven in the fourth, and so consequenty augmenting 2 in every rank until you finish your battle, this unused proporsion i put down to content those which would fain know the form of such battles, and besides that à Sardgente mayor ought not to by ingnorante in any manner of form or proporsiones of squadrones, and that with facility and speed he may change the form and proporsion, as time occasion and situasion shall require, and that beside occasion may offer that situasion should present fit for such forms, so that a Sargente mayor ought not to by ingnorante in no form of squadrones.  
Front.  
 
A Battle of broad square of 6000. men of the which 1930. are complete corseletes and 4070. musketeers, ordered and divided as followeth: first take the propounded number of pikes which is 1930. this number divide be 3 the quotiente whereof will by 643. out of this quotiente take the square root which will by 25. which is the flank of the battle of pikes. That done to find out the front of the battle take the propounded number of pikes, and divide the same by 25 the flank; which quotient will by 76. and 30. pikes remaining, and say that 76. is the front and 25. the flank of the battle of pikes, and that the 30. pikes shall be to guarnishe the coulores, now for the division of the 4070. musketes put in case that yove would have the battle to be proporsionally lined every way with shot, considering that five shot is the most that can be conveniently defended under the shelter or defence of the pike, and say that yove will have the battle to by guarnished with five musketes in rank, to work the which take 27. the flank comprehended: the two ranks of the coulores and say that the first division of shot is 27. ranks of five musketes in each rank which is the girdling shot of the right flank and just so many for the linenge of the liefte flank, now to find out the shot that shall guarnishe the full front of the battle of pikes and the two linenges, take 10. the linenges of the two flanks, and add it to 76. the front which two aditiones maketh 86. and say that the guarnision of shot of the front of the battle of pikes, and two linenges shall march with 86. ranks of five musketes in each rank; now for the linenge shot of the rearward of the battle of pikes observe the self same order meaning 86. ranks of five musketes in each rank, so the two flanks, front, and rearward of the battle of pikes is proportionally lined which 4. divisiones of shot maketh 1130 musketes now for the division of the rest of the shot substract 1130. the 4 linings out of 4070. musketes the principal some, and there shall rest 2940. musketes which can not come under the shelter nor defence of the pikes, which i divide into 40. maniples of 74. musketes in each maniple, except one troop that contains but 54. musketes which i divide on the flanks of the battle of pikes to skirmish in singell or double fiele as time, occasion, and disposition of the ground shall permit, so all your shot are divided as before set down, and as by the divisiones, and figure following ordered, and how out of there march they fall into squadron advertising that the coulores shall march in the centre and midele maniple of pikes, and the 30. pikes that remaineth for to guarnishe the colours shall also march in the same maniple all which divisiones are plainly ordered as by the figure following yove may see, who out of there march they fall into battle with grace and brevity, in observing the divisiones ordained when of a sudden yove would have the pikes out of there march to fall with grace and brevity into battle, cause the first division of pikes to march with 25. ranks of 16. pikes in each rank, than another maniple of 25. ranks of 15 pikes in each rank than another maniple with the self same order with the coulores in the centre guarnished with the 30. pikes that did remain, after the maniple of the colours shall march two other maniples of 15. ranks of 5. pikes in each rank as hire folowenge yove shall see.  
The first division of pikes is divided into 25. ranks of 16. pikes in each rank maketh. 400 pikes. The seconde division of pikes is divided into 25. ranks of 15. pikes in each rank which shall follow the first monted. 375 pikes. The thirde division in which centre the coulores are to march is divided into 25. ranks of 15. pikes in each rank and doth contain in all the some of. 375 pikes. The fourth division and maniple of pikes is divided into 25. ranks of 15. pikes in each rank which doth contain. 375 pikes. The fifthe and last division also. 375 pikes. And 30. pikes that did remain for the colours. 30 pikes.  1930 pikes.  
FOr the framing of batteles bastard square which the Spaniarde and Italian call prolongado, that is to say long in flank, the rule which is used for the framing of these sorts of batteles is the self same of the broad square, and the diference is, that the front of the one is flank of the other, as for example suppose yove would have abattell bastard square to be framed of 700. pikes. To work the which, do as yove did in framing the batteles of broad front, in dividinge the said number of 700. pikes by 3 the quotiente whereof will be 233. out of which quotiente take the square root which will by 15. which is the front of the bastard square, now to find the flank take 700. the propounded number of pikes, and divide the same by 15. the front, the quotient whereof will by 46. the flank of the bastard square, and resteth 10. pikes. And if of this self same number of 700. pikes yove would frame asquadron of broad square the flank of the bastard square will by the front of the broad square, so that the rule which is used for the one will serve for the other. The diference is that the front of the one will serve for the flank of the other.  
A SQUADRON OF BROAD FRONT. FRONT OF THE BATTLE.  
 
Table of the Battle.  
25 ranks of 16 pikes. 400 pikes. 25 ranks of 15 pikes. 375 pikes. 25 ranks of 15 pikes. 375 pikes. 25 ranks of 15 pikes. 375 pikes. 25 ranks of 15 pikes. 375 pikes. Pikes remaining 30 pikes.  1930 pik.  
27 ranks of 5 musketes. 135 musketes. 27 ranks of 5 musketes. 135 musketes. 86 ranks of 5. musketes. 430 musketes. 86 ranks of 5 musketes. 430 musetes. 50 troops containing 2940 musketes.  4070 musk.  
advertising that the 20 musketes for the lining shot of the culoures are comprehended in the divisiones of the lining shot of the two flanks; which 20 muskees were cut of the last troop on the liefte flank, which troop remains with 54 musketes, and all the rest 74 musketes.  
No soldier (i hope) ought to be ingnorante but that the squadron of pikes being framed, it is to be impaled and girdeled with shot as many ranks of shot as pikes. But the right and natural girdelinge shot indeed ought to be no more shot in rank, then that the pike may well cover and defend, espesially where the enemy are strong of horse, and so under the favour of the pike, there can not conveniently be defended but one rank of three or four shot at the most, and so many in my opinion shoule the girdelinge shot contain and knelinge upon one knee under the coverte of the couched pikes, should at the charging of the horsemen discharge there volley in there face, and bosom; which would be no small gallinge unto them, butt when this danger of horse is not to by feared, than the impalement may be made of more shot in a rank, acording to the quantity of shot, and the rest of the shot into small slives or troops to troop round about the battle in reasonable distance from the same, the which divisiones of small troops, i esteem to be far better than the great inproportionate wings, which many do use, containing far greater numbers, and are much more ready to be brought to skirmish either in single or double fiele, and every several troop to be led by a Sargente or Corporal, and some Captains to oversee the whole, and at every angle of the battle it were not a miss to a point certain troops of shot, which would flanker itt every way even as the Cavallero or Travessos do the curtain of a fort.  
Let none be ingnorante but that for the several divisiones of pikes and shot is required great considerationes, as time, occasion, and situation shall require; continual application in the theoric and practice of war together with perfection in arithmetic maketh easy many difficulties of deep judgement, and rare importance in warlike affairs, all which continual use and exercise make the easy, for the several divisiones of shot many considerationes are to be had acording as occasion shall require, and the situation and disposition of ground shall permit, for the girdelinge shot some use three some 4. and five is the most that can conveniently be defended under the shelter or defence of the pike, and specially when the enemy are strong on horse, so that for the right guarnision of shot ought not to be more than the pike can defend, but in such occasiones as the enemy is not to be feared on horse the divisiones of shot can be ordered of greater numbers to skirmish, acording to the judgement of the Sardgente mayor, dividinge them in wings or maniples, as he shall think most conveniente, observing their just proportion in theyre divisiones, some use great wings of shot, which are not commendable in occasiones of fight, for the small troops are more apt and easieste to by governed, and of a sudden you can skirmish with them either in single or double fiele, and that beside they bring more men to fight at once, but when the enemy are superior on horse, and we feowe or none it is good to get the 4. frontes of the battle of equal resistance both to offend and defend, so that the enemy may not take advantage of one place more than of the other. The wings or maniples of shot are not to go any great distance from the battle of pikes; and specially when the enemy are strong on horse, but rather under the shelter, and defence of the pikes, that thereby the squadron may by the stronger and more safe in receiving any damage when their force is united in one body as happened to don Alvero de Sandy in the journey of caruan in barbery when the exercito of Ciderfa King of the moors charged on him, one of his Captains named Luis Bravo de Laguna seeing a wing of shot a good distance from the squadron cried on done Alvero wishing him with speed to turn and receive that wing for freare that for loosing the same he should incur danger to lose the body, by daily experience we see that small numbers do repulse far greater, and that the army which is beast ordered, and disciplined most commonly is master of the victory, whereof there are very many examples in writing of famous and antiente auctores, so that these happy proceedings resulte of the good order, prudence, and approved experience of the chief and brave Comaunderes and of the resolute valour of the Souldieres, as Vegetio de re militari give the reason how the antiente romans came to Master all other Nationes, saying that they were not so great as the Germans, nor so great in number as the Frence, nor so prudent as the Greeks, nor so many in number as the Spanardes' nor so subtle as the Africanes, nor so furious as the Britanes, butt by theyre continual practice and experience in war they overcomed all these difficulties, by only mantayinge there people well exercised in arms and practice of war, when a regiment doth march some times great disorderes are comited, the Souldieres runinge away from there culoures, robinge and spoiling the country, and poor inhabitants little regarding in not accomplishing there obligationes, in being absent from there culoures; little respecting or fearninge there Officeres, and no respect to military discipline, whereof resulteth great ruins and revoltes in many countries, some superiore and inferiore Officeres, are culpable in thief intolerable disorderes offensive to the laws of god and common wealth in not procuring, sollicitinge and daily instructing theyre Souldieres as a father is bound to do for his children, and that as far as his ability and power can reach, and not to be inclined to steal or wrong the poor Soldier, in keeping any thing wrongfully from him, but rather showing himself very, loving and kind to them.  
In equalinge himself in all dangeres and travayles with them, in continually, giving them good instructiones, and comforting them in all necessities, yea and in assisting them to his ability, in ministering equity and good justice a mongste them, in honouring and preferenge those of brave carriage, and good examples, that otheres may imitate them, in redresinge in due time disorderes, in seeing severely punished factioneres wholly given to vice and bad examples; which are more dangerous than the devil, so shall he both by beloved and feared by the Souldieres, in knowing that he is careful in ministering and procuring justice to each one acording his desert, and specially to see base factioneres banished, and severely punished, when there is no hope of there amendment.  
In occasiones of marching the Sardgent mayor is to take a special care to procure all things to be in a readiness to bigin his jurney very early that the Souldieres may come in good time to their quarter for many considerationes to their commodity and ease, and in theyre march not to opress them, but keep an ordinary pace, for otherwise very many shall stay behind: To make all to now, and then where he shall hit upon good water, and he ought to have aregarde in pasinge narrow pasadges, and make alto a distance of till they all have passed and fall into there former divisiones and ranks, a Sardgente ought to be leifte in each division of the Regiment, that he may yielded account of them at all times, and observe the order as it was ordained by the Sargente mayor, with so many ranks and the self number, so that with facility out of there march they may fall into squadron, when occasion shall require, and such a Sardgente or Sardgentes as trough negligence shall not acomplish his obligation, to reprehend him in public. In time of the romans such as were inclined to disobedience in not accomplishing there order and obligation, they were so severely punished, that no Soldier durst by absent from his rank, and the Sardgentes and Officeres of each division of theyre marchinges had such care in accomplishing whate was referred to there charge with such punctuality, that full satisfaction was yielded.  
In extraordinary heat weather in summer when the Sardgente mayor marchethe with his Regiment great consideration ought to be taken as before spoken of, by cause of the extraordinary heat, and heavy burden of the Soldier, some times they are chockte, and burned with heat, and for shame, and regard of there honour they rather try danger of death then stay behind there culoures.  
When the Sardgente mayor shall march with his Regiment in any place or country where the enemy is to be feared the divisiones aught not to by greater then that they may comodiously march, nor less than the thirde part of the squadron of pikes, some times with the one half, and some times in battle, always takeng regard of the situation and occasion.  
The Master de camp in marching with his Regiment as chief of the same is to march in the vanguard nexte to whose person is to assist the Sardgente mayor as a principal minister to whom he deliveres the orderes of his Regiment, but if the enemy should chance to charge on the reregarde he as a chief conductor of his Regiment is to assist in the place most to be feared of the enemy, to command and execute in due time whate is most fit.  
The Sardgente mayor being in campiana, and being informed that his Regiment is to march the nexte morrow, he is to repair to the Captain general of whom he is to demand order where his Regiment shall march in the vanguard battle of reregarde, and he is to advertice, and give order to the Captain de campania to get all the baggage charged upon the a poincted hour ordained, and not to fail in acomplshinge the same, and if the vanguard belongs to him he is to command the Captain de campania to get all things in a redineshe at the break of day, and to give order that the culoures and companies of his Regiment, with speed draw out of the quarter, and to march on to the place of arms, and there to frame his squadron, giving order to each Captain, where he shall march that day, and divide the Sargentes and sheowe each one his division, and giving them straight charge that they acomplishe there obligation with care and punctuality, and that no Soldier do miss his rank, nor break the order given, if the narownes of the pasadge do not constrain him, and let no Soldier pass to spoil the poor inhabitants, and if he want any Soldier of those of his division, or if any come unto them more than the order given to adverice the Sardgent mayor, and for recompense of his punctuality and care in accomplishing his obligation he shall gain the benevolence of his Master de camp and Sardgent mayor, and in reason they ought to have a memory of his punctual care, and to prefer him into a greater office for his obedience and punctuallitie a monghste other Sardgentes, and not once nor twice but still making known his approved parts, care and diligence in accomplishing the orderes of his Superiores, so can he not by forgotten by the superior officers till he by advanced for his undeniable care and obedience.  
Most necessary it is for a Sergeant mayor to be couriouse and expert in executing well his office, for in time of framing of squadrones the Judges of his errores are many, in time of framing of squadrones, some Sardgents mayores do fall into many errores, by reason of there little exercise, and specially for not applienge themselves with care and diligence both in the theoric and practic of this art, and specially to by skilful in Arithmetic, which with practice maketh easy many rare occurrantes in warlike affairs, and such as are not curious in well appleinge themselves in learning the rare and deep curiosities of this art do some times find themselves puzzled and amazed before there enemy in time of most need: A most unfitinge thing it is for one to be ingnorante and unhabele in his office, so i suppose that such as do not diligently apply themselves, can hardly reduce into perfection that, whereof he is ingnorante and knoweth not the art, by daily experience, we see that favour▪ friendship, enteres, and affection, hinderethe much prosperity and good successes, and specially in this noble art of war.  
Many opiniones there are for the divisiones of shot, and specially when the enemy are strong on horse, and that you have two thirde parts of shot, unto one of pikes, your battle being impaled and girdeled proportionally with shot, there will yet remain good store of shot. The question is how they shall be bestowed to be safe from the fury of the horse, the surest and beast way is to put them into the centre of the battle of pikes, where they are more safe, and if any shot be killed or hurt you can take at all times out of the centre as many as you shall need of.  
For the framing of thief battles with centeres i have already declared how they ought to be framed, and proporsionolly lined, and if the enemy horse should chance of a sudden to charge on yove, and that you have no time to place the overplusse of your shot in the centre divide them betwixt the ranks of pikes all alongste from the front to the rear ward, so they shall by safe and yove can use them at any time when occasion shall require, but having intelligence that the enemy are strong in horse, and we feowe or none in such ocasiones i woule first bigin in framing the cener of the overplusse of the shot, having opportunity for the same, and also leave place for hurtemen in the centre and divide them into so many maniples that they may of a sudden fall into squadron square of men in the centre, without any crossinge aluenge there just front and flank and then divide the pikes into maniples to proportionally guarnishe the centre on every side or front of the same, and then divide in proportion the girdlinge shot that is left to guarnish the 4 frontes of the battle of pikes, and centre, this is the perfect and right way, but when urgent necessity requireth the overplusse of shot may be plase and divided betwixt the ranks of pikes as before set down, advertising that the coulores is to go in the centre.  
As the battle doth march on towards the enemy and coming once within reach of the musket then the first ranks of the wings of musketes are to march in this manner; the first ranks steppinge some two or three paces, forward having in the mean time made themselves ready, and cocked there matches, then with readiness and expedition all those of the first ranks (there musketes byenge upon there rests or forks) to discharge at once, permitenge other ranks to proceed, then presently those of the seconde rank to step up before the first rank, as the battle or batallon do march, and so to discharge as theyre former follows had done before, and then the thirde rank before the seconde, and the four. the before the thirde, and so all the other ranks consequently with this kind of double march and at the train of the last rank those of the first to follow up a gain, and so consequently the rest. But if chance that the squadron of pikes be distresed, or constrained to retire, they are to discharge at the enemy, retiring back upon a counter march each feel or rank, consequently, and with expedition one after a nother, and with speed fall bake into there rank, to give place to the nexte ranks, that no time be idle, employed.  
Sundry opiniones there are of comparisones betwixt the Infantry, and Cavalry, which of them is most utill in the wars, the one and the other are most necessary in occurantes of warlike affairs, but in my opinion the Infantry is to be preferred first being well disciplined in the art of war, never the less the cavaliers being well monted and armed and being experiment, souldieres, being conducted by prudent and brave conductores douptlesse their executiones and resolution is to be feared, but they are not comparable to deal, with resolute foot, except upon manifest and great advantages and in place or ground of great favour for them. For being well known that a resolute stand of pikes well ordered, and girdeled with shot, will give them sore stops, and returns as plainly apeered when Marquis de Pescara with 800 short aptayned the victory of Charles de noy then Visroy of Napoles, with his Cavalry at the battle of Pavia, a nother example we have of the Conte Francisco Carmognolla, being Captain general of Filip Viconte Duke of Millane army, going with 6000. horse a gainste the Swisheres army, was by them repulsed by the valeure, and length of there pikes, who having regathered this disordered troops, considering from whence there disadvantage greowe, turned head again upon the enemy: and he himself and his companies disamounted on foot, and with there lances in hand framed afoot squadron, and charged the enemy afresh, and broke and overthrewe them in number above fifteen thousand when by force of horse could not by removed, imitating herein Marcus, Valerius, Cornelius, who being consul and Captain against the samnites in the first punny wars, and in their last battle not able to enter upon them by reason of there long pikes where with they defended themselves, commanded his horsemen to disamounte, and on foot they arrived as they were with there lances, to fight with there enemy, and over threw them and put them to flight optaininge the victory, and remaining with there baggage, and in the battle given by Constantine Roxianus Captain general to Sigismond King of Polonia with Basilius the great Duke of Moscovia by the river Brisva, who surmounted him on horse back, three thousand foot men; only, he had in his army, won him that day the honour and victory, also as did apeere by the memorable batteles of the Inglishe against the proud cavalry of the frence at agincourte field and other places, many more examples might be recited both ancient and modern, remembering that among the antiente romans there foot was always of more estimation than there horse, always holding a true opinion, that the Infantry well disciplined is the right sinew of the war, the walls of the city and fortress of the realm.  
I have heard say that in thighs wars of the netherlande after that the grand Comendador died that Don Alvero de Vergas, who at that time commanded the Spanish cavalry, did great exploits in encounteres, he had with the states foot and horse, but it must by considered that those were old and experimented Soldiers, restenge upon a resolute and valerouse determination.  
The otheres for the most patre Bisones, and raw people raised upon a sudden conceit, in which actiones is marvelouse to be marked the diference between men of experience, and raw Bisones the prudent carriage, resolute valour and good conduction of the one, and little practice, and experience of the otheres, as did apeere in the reincounter at tilmonte, and at the souckeringe of monts-dog being Taken by them of Mastricke, and most notable in the sack of Antwerp where less than with the number of 5000. Spaniard's enclosed within the sitadel gave the overthrow and foil unto 16000 of the Anturpianes. Bravely armed and encamped within theyre own town. In like sort at the overthrow of Gibleo where not above 600. horse, of don john de Austria his troops defeated above 15000 of the states, (most strange and wonderful) only for want of good conductores and the enemy spyinge these advantages resulting of there simple conduction found themselves amazed.  
And for as much as i have spoken much of this office, i will conclude in saying that he ought now and then to visit and revisit at diveres and different hours all things by him provided and a pointed, and see that they be prudently ordered and performed, reprehending whate he shall find wourdie of punishment, but that to be done prudently and in curtouse sort, and presenting good reasons with amiable and gentle words, with gravity and natural grace, and not with puffinge inconciderate pride and bad examples, so shall he by obeyed in such sort that when he would determine to execute his designs and orderes of his superior comaunderes, all officeres and souldieres might bear him that due respect and obedience, which should by required to bring his purpose to effect, and let not griddy covetousness overcome him in wronginge or permitinge to by wronged the power souldieres of their right, and specially in time of extreme necessity, but rather make known his gentle inclinationes and true love, so shall he by beloved feared and respected.  
Let him not by inclined to any odious rancour nor malice in waiting opportunity of revenge of some words or disputes, which happened betwixt him, and some Officeres or Souldieres of his Regiment for defindinge theyre honour and right, and finding that he be so inclined is sign of aloe unconsiderate and base mind. All Officeres and Souldieres of his Regimense ought to have a special care in not loosing him his due respect, and such as do not a complish with their obligationes hirein are right worthy of reprehension, so all things done with moderation and justice is laudable.  
An army of 11200. men divided into five batteles Square of ground ordered to fight, as by the figures following you see. The front of each battle is 72 and 31. the flank, and 8. remaining out of the division of each battle; each battle contains 2240.  
The army divided into five battles.  
SQUARE OF GROUND, by the rule of proportion.  
The said army of 11200. divided into seven battles. Square of ground, each battle shall contain 1600. and the front of each battle is 61. and flank 26. and 14. pikes remaining out of each battle to guarnish the culoures, the which 7. battles are ordered as by the figure following you see.— 1600. men in each battle.  
 
The army divided into 7. battles.  
SQVARE OF GROUND, By the rule of proportion.  
A Battle square of men, with a centre of Arcabuseros, which can not by defended under the shelter of the couched pike, when the enemy do a bound on horse, and we feowe or none, in such ocasiones the surest way for the overpluse of shot is to by put into the centre, and proportionally guarnised with the pikes and musketes, as by the figure following you see, and how they are divided by the rule of proportion.  

276 Arcabuses.  
360 Pikes.  
364 musketes.  
1000   
 

Table of the battle and centre of Arcabuseros deposito.  BY the division of the centre of Arcabuseros the square rout of the same number yieldeth 16. Arcabuses in front and flank of the centre, and 20. remaining out of the division, monteth 256 arcab. The first division of pikes that guarnisheth the right flank of the centre, divided into 16. ranks of 5. pikes in each, monteth 80 pikes. The seconde division of p. that guarnisheth the liefte flank of the centre divided into 16. r. of 4. p. in each. 64 pikes. The thirde division that guarnisheth the full front, and the two linenges of the centre is divided into 25. ranks of 5. pikes in each rank, monteth 125 pikes. The fourth division of pikes that guarnisheth the full front of the re●warde is divided into 25. rank of 4. pikes in each rank, monteth 100 pikes. The lining of musk. that guarnisheth the right flank of the pikes is divided into 25. r. of 3. m. in each. 75 musk. The seconde lining of muss. that guarnisheth the liefte flank of the p. divided into 25. r. of 3. m. in each. 75 musk. The thirde division of musketses that guarnisheth the full front of the pikes and centre, is divided into 31. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank. 53 musk. The fourth division of musketes that guarnisheth the re●warde of the pikes and centre is divided into 31. ranks of 3. musketes in each rank, monteth 93 musk. The remainder of musketes, that do guarnish the culoures. 8 musk. Of the 20. arcabuseres, that did remain goes to guarnish the culoures. 4 arcab. The 11. pikes that did remain out of the division of pikes are employed to guarnish the colours. 11 pikes. Of the remainder of arcabuseros their remaineth out of the battle. 16 arcab.  1000    

The election and office of a Master de Camp of a Regiment of Infantry.  
THe office of the Master de camp of a Regiment of Infantry is an office of great reputation, which by all reason ought to be recomended to one of great prudence, brave conduction, and skilful in martial affairs, for being the head, leader, and ordinary justice of all the Companies a pointed under his charge.  
He be all reason ought to by one of great consideration, because that by him are all the orderes, and necessary prevensiones for the general good and utilititie of his regiment delivered to the Sargente mayor, alsoe to the Captains, Souldieres, and other Officeres of his Regiment, as alsoe to all sort of people, which do follow and depend on the same: To him apertaineth the ministering of justice, and reprehending of faults, and unruly facts commited in his Regiment, in such places, as his Master de camp, General, or Captain general, are not in presence, to whom he is to present many matteres which do ocurr, Which by right in such places as they are present must govern all.  
But as an ordinary justice the Master de camp is to by comunicated withal, in all matteres which ocurr in his Regiment; the examinationes of thighs causes are to be taken, and examined by his Author, and if occasiones of appellation should represent they are to be remitted to the camp master general.  
This election of a Master de camp, or Colonel is made by the Prince, with the advice of his Counsel of state and war; And in this election great consideration ought to be taken. For being such an honourable charge of high degree; as chieftain or head above all the Captains, and other Officeres of his Regiment, having dominion and jurisdiction over them all: By which may by perceived the high dignity and degree of such a person, and the a proved parts brave conduction, valeoure, and good examples, which of him is to be expected, (to the end that the Captains may imitate his prudent perfection and brave goverment.) In such places where the Captains of his Regiment do assist with him, of all occurrences and occasiones of war they are to advertice theyre Master de camp, and if any Officer or Soldier by a prehended, for faults commited, they can not by put at liberty, without the Master de camps order, being in his jurisdiction.  
In time of the romans Polybe writeth that this name we call Colonel or Master de camp was then called Tribunus, and they called Legion, of that which we call a Regiment, their legion was of 4200 foot men, which they divided into 10. parts, as if it were betwixt 10. Captains, each division they called Cohortes, which we call a Company, each legion had 300. horse, theyre Captains Cinturiones, some of 150. and some of 200. Otheres were Centenarios, which had but 100 men. For the ministering of equity and justice, and reprehending of faults and disorderes, and that military discipline may by duly, observed with infallible punctuality; he is to choice an Auditor of a man well learned and of good judgement, with his Clerk and Augusill, which are used a monghste the Spanish and Italian Regiments, to take informationes of such injuries, and disorderes as are commited, this Auditor is to give the sentence, but no authority to execute the same, without consulting first with the Master de camp, and getinge his firm to the sentence, for other wise he hath no authority to execute nor dispatch the same, the Agusill serves to assist the executiones of the Auditores a fairs, and alsoe to by employed, and solicit many other things, that do pass trough the Auditor is hands.  
For making or dividinge of quarteres marching in campaina or garrison, he is to get a skilful Quartermaster able in reading and writing, and specially perfect in Arithmetic, for to him apertaineth, the receavinge of all sorts of amunitiones and arms given, and delivered by the Prince, but the distributinge of the same belongeth to the Sergeant mayor, to see that all things by duly and equally distributed. Of all sorts of amunitiones received of the King, the furiell mayor is to yielded a compte, when it is sought for, for bienge his office and duty. The furielles of the Companies are to assist him in all occasiones in marching, and to receive theyre orderes from the furiell mayor, and he from the Quartermaster general; and the from the general. Great care ought to be taken in seeing that the Sutleres be well provided with all necessaries, and to see that they by well paiede; A special care ought to by taken that they do not deceive the Souldieres with false weight and measure, nor nothing above the price ordained by the Master de camp.  
It is necessary that the Sutleres and Merchants, which do follow the Regiment, that they be well guarded, that their vituales and wares may depend upon good security, for thighs affairs the Captain de campaina and his Levetenante ought with care to assist in executing his duty and office.  
In occasiones of marching he and his teniente and men are to by very vigilant and careful, in not permitenge the Sutleres nor theyre boys to straggle, or fall a spoiling the country and power inhabitances, nor to take perforce any thing that cometh to by sold in the camp, as alsoe to have a special care to let no Souldieres pass, causing them to fall into theyre ranks, rather than to be permitted to run straglinge and spoiling the country; And such as are found gilthi in breaking the proclamation to see them presently executed. So being earnest and careful in thighs affairs shall he oblige all such Souldieres as are inclined to minester good justice and examples, and esteemed for a true father and brave conductor. A necessary thing it is alsoe to have a good Doctor of Physic well learned and of long practice, as alsoe a Surdgente mayor one well known to have had long practice in handling of wounds and other disceaces, such a one chosen by favour or affection (and not having the parts befitinge) causeth the death of many Souldieres' trough his little skill, to the disgrace of him that made choice of such a one.  
Very necessary it were that in his Regiment do assist a Chaplain mayor, and preacher to over see all the Chaplenes, that all things touching there obligationes, may by observed and ministered in due time, giving good examples, and still assisting with gravity and vertueuse carriage, alsoe to be careful that the Captains of his Regiment give good examples for it importeth for many respects.  
In the election of a Drum mayor he is to by very well informed that he be one of good fufficiencie, for being an instrument very necessary in war, who is to instruct, and give good examples to all the Drums of the Regiment, which being chosen of one who hath the good parts and sufficiency in him required, is an instrument of great importance in a Regiment, and specially to the Sardgente mayor, in carrying orderes, and beating of the proclamationes, he is to by skilful in beating the drum, or at jest in understanding all sort of marchinges, to beat an a alarm, a call, a retire, a disafie, a battle, to know who to carry himself very discreet in carienge any mesadge to a camp, town, city, or castle, and know how discretly to deliver his mesadge, and answer many demands, as alsoe in understanding, and well relating his answer, and to inform himself in as much as he may possible of whate occurreth, if he be permitted in taking a view of the walls ditches, and if the ditches be dry or with water, and who deep, and whate place or places of the walls or fosses may by won with moreease, as also of the necessity or plintie of vituales, if by fair means he may spy the same out it is necessary that he speaks many languages, to beat afuriouse a alarm, and battle when occasion shall require, as alsoe a presumed retire. A necessary thing not to be permitted (but rather defended) that no officer nor soldier by given to winchinge, and that for many good respects, but some public woomen are wont to be permitted in each company, some three or four for a 100 men, which are to be in a separated quarter, and specially if in garrison let them be in as secret and as hidden a place as can by possible, for by reason it importeth to honest men and negboures, and the cause why this is permitted and tolerated, is to shun greater danger: In the old laws or statutes six or eight woomen were a lued for every 100, men, to thighs is wont to be given lodgings and service as to the souldieres, all which is thought profitable to the negboures, that the lesh suspicion and occasion of scandal may by of their shisteres wives and children, and for many respects it ought not to by permitted that a ny soldier do sleep with thighs woomen out of his quarter upon pain of severe punishment, alsoe such weemen as do not observe thighs constitusiones to punish her in the purse, which will grieve her most, for this business is wont one to by a pointed to oversee if thighs laws by observed or no. For it importeth much the souldiores health, where fore the barber mayor is wont to visit now and then. The Captain de campana is to taken aspeciall care to see that thighs orderes by duly observed.  
The Master de camp is to be earnest in informing himself well of his regiment, as well of secret as of public matteres, that he may prevente and remedy in due time all, and cause to be severely punished such as do break the proclamationes by him commanded, and such as are inclined to base facts, as theives, quarleres, dishonest drunkards and base mutineres, of little pascience and lesh honour, of no discression, fear, nor love, nyther of god nor of their prince, such base fellows are to by severely punished in public, and to by driven a way like men tatched with ugly crimes, unwourdie to equal themselves with brave souldiores, of honest life, full of patience, obedience, fear and good examples; of which people, the master de camp Sardgente mayor, and Captains, are to take notice, and have a special care in honouring and preferinge them, showing them a fair and loving countenance, and giving them great hope of avancement, and let trial of time and ocasiones verify the same with deeds, which shall by a great comfort to such as are inclined to virtue, and great grief to those given to vices and unruly facts and bad exemples, which ought to a mend their lives, and imitate the steps of those of honest life, prudent and vertuse carriage, full of love, fear and obedience, given to continual good applicationes, shuninge idleness and bad company, which of right ought, by there Superiores to by highly esteemed, (whereunto they are bound in conscience) For the security of ocasiones in marching and in preventing of sudden and unprovided incursiones, ambuscadoes, and stratagems of the enemy: A necessary thing it were to imitate the romans, in a luenge fiftine horses to every 100 foot, so that in many plases in marching where theyre may by any suspicion of the enemy, the Master de camp, than should a point a conductor to lead and govern thighs horsemen, and in offering time or occasion, to divide them into as many parts, as the occasion shall require, (apointinge a leader for each division) and for the entertainment of thighs horsemen they should enjoy so much means as other horsemen; so that in ocasiones of marching, the Infantry may go with far greater security, being divided into three or four parts, to recnoledge the places of most suspicion of ambuish, and other secret stratagems of the enemy, which being recnoledged and discovered, necessary prevention may by taken in due time, thighs men may serve both for horse and foot acording as occasion shall require: Of each division or part of thighs horse it is necessary to name a Comaunder or leader, who shall take care to govern them, forbidinge and comaundinge that by no means they lend thighs horses, but get them always ready to by employed, when or where occasion shall require. these horses may serve for many good purposes, in pasing the Infantry over riveres, in recnoledginge pasadges, as alsoe in coming in possession of pasadges, which being feared that the enemy should come to posess the same before ours.    
The End of the first Book.   

TO l●che is to say the measuring of the ground required for to lodge a com● foot and 8. foot for the street betwixt every 2. feiles and plasinge the doors front of his company, which is 24. foot broad, and the deepness he shall beast ●●r people as do provide the company with victuals, and other necessaries, of some souldiores. The lodging of the Master de Camp in the rergarde of his ●oote broad and 15. foot deep or in the flank, and if it chance that the foot and 〈…〉  
●O lodge acompany of Infantry in campaina, and the measuring of the due distance, and place required and observed by the Roman Castrametasio, which is to say the measuring of the ground required for to lodge a company of foot containing 100 men, Is ordained 2. feiles of barackes, and in each feile 200. steps deep, and broad inthe front of each feile 8. foot and 8. foot for the street betwixt every 2. feiles and plasinge ●oores of the barakes towards the street. The Captains lodging in the head of his quarter in quadrangell manner, occupienge so much ground as the full front of his company, which is 24. foot broad, and the deepness he 〈◊〉 beast think, and a distance of 10 or 20. foot betwexte him and his company, and in the rergarde, and behind all is to lodge the sutleres and such other people as do provide the company with victuals, and other ne●ries, where also the soildores are to cook their vituales for fear of firinge the quarter as some times it happeneth trough little care fear, and discipline of some souldiores. The lodging of the Master de Camp in the rergarhiss 〈◊〉 his quarter by the great street. The horse also if their should chance be any. Each company is to be divided into two feiles, alowinge each feile 12. foot broad and 15. foot deep or in the flank, and if it chance that the 〈◊〉 and horse do lodge in one place the Infantry are to be placed and ranked on both flanks or sides and the horse betwext them. FRONT OF THE QUARTER.  
BY the figure and plate above ordered for the encampinge of an army both of horse and foot, you see the quantity of ground required for each, with the due measuring required both for foot and horse, with their due places and streets. (And in the most comodiouse place about the middiste of the ground little more or lesh, where you mean to encamp the army, (mark asquare plat of ground of 60. or 70. paces square, for the goals pavilion and place.) And then shall by lined two strait streets, which shall come to cross one another, right against the general's place, which are called the principal streets, and at the head of every one shall be appoint a guard or watch towards the enemy. And on the out ward parts of all shall by appointed guards of horse, to by prevented against the sudden exploits and stratagems of the enemy. And at every streets end a guard. alsoe other pasadges, and entries where the enemy are to by suspected are to by fortified and shut as behoveth, and with vigilant watches for our better security, and to by prevented against sudden exploits of the enemy, so for the better repose and security of ours: So that all things by prudently prevented in due time, in as much as military prudence, care, and vigilance requireth. Some hold opinion that for many respect●● that the lodges of the Captains should by plase in the rear of their companies and the Alferishes in the front.   

THE SECONDE BOOK treating OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE, COMPOSED BY CAPT. GERAT BARRY IRISH.  

THE first CHAP. Bigininge with the election and office of a Campe-master general.  
THIS Office trough great consideration is to by commended and bestowed upon a personadge of great gravity, prudence, and valeour, and of tried experience and exercise in war, that thereby he may command with great authority, and by esteemed acording his quality and trust; Which ought to by reputed in a personadge of so many a proved and good parts. This office is of such great importance, that the security and good success of the whole army depends for the most part on him, as a cheefetaine and head over the whole army, and all the orderes of the King are by him given, and by his command observed. But when the Captain general is in presence, (all must depend on him) being a Superior, and nexte under him the Campmaster general, as Lugarteniente, and in his absence doth command the whole army.  
This office with the romans was of great and high estimation; which they called Metador, he is to be of such extraordinary prudence and care, that not withstanding he givethe the necessary orderes, he himself must visit, and see who all things are ordered, for which he is to have nexte his person a rare Inginier for many effects, and for the dividinge of the camp betwixt the Regiments, Cavaliers and Artillery, the necessary ground, distance, and circuide for the same, in dividinge the just proportion of ground due to several sorts of nationes, in which great consideration ought to by used, for which purpose he hafe a Quartermaster general, which ought to by curious in thighs.  
first shall be a pointed the fitteste place for the General, and if theyre by any real personadge consideration also is to be taken: This place is to by chosen for the most a surest and beast, placing the cavalry on the outward side, and the Infantry on the other side, he being shut and inviorened betwixt both. The quarter of the Artillery, and of his court and train is to be ordained in a sure place, and well guarded round a bout on every side; Theyre train of Officeres gastadores wourkmen pertrechoes of sundry sorts of munitiones, ocupies great room: The Cavalleres and pinsioneres nexte the general is person, Auditor general, Provoste general, a Tambor mayor general, and many more following the General, are to be placed not far from the General, and the Provedor general is also to be placed not far distance if a conveniente place can be found for his purpose, for he alsoe requireth much room for his amunitiones and wagones'. The Infantry shall invieron the whole camp, the Ingineres are alsoe to visit all over the camp, and finding that water is not plintifull to open pits in the beast and convenienteste places for the same.  
In the ocasiones and repartitiones that shall offer in imployenge the foot and horse in convoys to scout and recnowledge douptefull places and oecasiones, and to featche foradge, it ought to go by turn, so that each one shall take his share of the pains and troubles, except only in time of hot and extraordinary service, for in such ocasiones greate considerationes ought to by had, in choysinge those that are more fit for the purpose, which shall by employed as it shall by more fit. Great care ought to by taken in due time to by well provided of all sorts of amunitiones, as alsoe of all sorts of vituales, and take a special care, that all things be prevented in due time, that the enemy do not let or hinder your convoys, nor the pasadges, where they come with all sort of provision for the camp, and to by prevented a gainste all stratagems they can prevente: When the army shall march, and that theyre shall by many regiments of several nationes, in theyre divisiones, and in the observing of good order great care and industry is required, giving order that each nation by theyre turn shall march in the vanguard, battle, and rergarde, for being so conveniente for his Majesty's service: If you chance to march trough an enemy country, or near unto theyre frontieres' great vigilance, and good order needeth to by observeth, it importeth alsoe to get good and faithful guides, and diferente spies of trust, for fear of fraud, as alsoe for to have good intelligence of the enemy's designs in due time.  
In such ocasiones needeth much to send before some horse in a certain distance to discover, and learn the plots and stratagems of the enemy to hinder our journey. Having had intelligence, and being well informed that the enemy are waiting for to hinder you; Cause the Artillery to march with theyre guard, and draw up the Infantry in good order on the other side of the Artillery betwixt them and the enemy, and the horse alsoe on the outward side of the Infantry, (and in a good distance of.)  
It is necessary to by prevented of the enemy's designs, and consider the situation where you march, so that your divisiones may acordinglie be ordered, as the situation shall permit and require; In narrow and straight pasadges, good order is to by observed, and specially where the enemy is to be suspected, and that the Sardgentes be very careful in accomplishing theyre obligationes, so that theyre be no crossing nor confusion, and such as shall not keep theyre ranks to severely punish them in public, in as much that they and the behoulderes may take notice of the same, so that in oferinge occasion with grace and brevity they may of a sudden fall into battle. If inteligenee be had that the enemy be strong on horse in the vanguard or way where we intend to pass, and that the pasadge where we march be so narrow that our horse being in the vanguard, and being charged and broken by the enemy's horse, and that the narownes of the pasadge do not permit that they may pass on either of the two flanks of the Infantry, and being brocken they fall on our order, and we incur great danger if the enemy do follow with a brave resolution, if theyre be no remedy that they may pass on either of the two sides, of force way is to be made for them, and the shot are to come all on one side of the pasadge, and make way, and the pikes are to be opened on both sides of the way, in thighs ocasiones and many more occurrantes in war great danger may ocurr, except prevension be prudently taken in due time.  
In such ocasiones a troop of musketes and arcabuseros are necessary to by scent in the vanguard, and then five or six ranks of pikes, which with theyre front shall ocupie the pasadge, which shall reviwe recnoledge, and advertice if theyre by any danger or ambuscado.  
After thighs the rest shall march in good order as before declared in the office of the Sardgent mayor; In the rergarde shall the cavalry march with a guard of short and pikes, after which shall march the cavalry in order, and if intelligence be had that in the vanguard, theyre by any impediment, or let that our Artillery can not pass or any part of the army, let theyre march a Company of gastadores, with theyre Captain to acomodate thighs impediments, and in case the enemy by suspected, to conduct them for theyre better security with a troop of light horse, (together with an Inginier) with thighs gastadores being in quantity, unespected and dificulte matteres are brought to pass, and sometimes riveres are taken from their mother, and conducted to other places, as did Ciro King of Percia going to beleaguer Babilonia he divided the river Gange into 360. parts for the revenge of the drowning of a Gentleman a dear friend of his, so that this mighty river was left of no force? King Ciro seeing it so fe oble said thove haste not respected nor feared my, but now all thy forces for a revenge, are separated that a woman with a child may pass thy over without fear or danger: So the General of an army is always to consider, that it is of great importance to have many gastadores, for by theyre means matteres of great dificulte are brought to effect with facility, for many hands maketh light work.  
Great industry and many aprooved good parts are required for the rare executiones of this office of a Master de camp general, of whose prudence and brave conduction great exspectationes are to by hoped: When he approacheth near the place where he thinketh to pitch his camp upon, he is to go forward with a suficiente guard of horse to viwe all the circuide, and he is to be a companied with one or two Ingineres, to ordain and divide the quarteres; And when, the army shall inter into the camp or place where they intend to pitch theyre quarter' the General of the horse shall remain in the field, he and all his troops mounted, till all the Infantry be in camped, and then to inter orderly with his troops, and repair to theyre quarter, leaving his scouts in the field till the Trumpetes sound, and the watch by set, and the cinteries placed in theyre posts, at which time, and when the watches of foot and horse are set in theyre due places, they shall retire, and not before, for the better security of the camp, and that nothing may happen without preventing in due time the necessary remedies, or as near as can by possible.   

THE SECONDE CHAP. The election of the Captain general of the Artillery.  
THe office of the general of the Artillery, trough great considerationes of his aprooved good parts and suficiencie, is chosen and appointed by the Prince, considering his long and tried experience in war, his gravity, prudent and brave conduction, and valerouse acts.  
This honourable office of so high dignity and trust, in choysinge of his Officeres and Gentlemen of the Artillery, it importeth that he by well informed that they by men of many good parts, skilful and curious in many engines, and to by very careful, and vigilant; For this office of manadginge of powder in sundry manner of ways is of wonderful danger, except it by prudently carefully, and with great vigilance handled, as well simple as artificial; which be several trials i caused to be tried by several people, (and often times) and hardly could i find any of such care and vigilance for the manadginge, and keeping of the same as required, for being the most dangerous thing that is, or can by handled in war. An enemy who giveth no time nor respect, his treasons are most terrible, speedy, and of unmerciful executiones, and most commonly do fall on such as do most trust in it, in his exeeutiones there is no appellation, nor grace to by expected.  
This Office requireth many Officeres; first his Leutenante, Mayor Domo, Contador, Pagador, his minister for the examinationes and executiones of justice, Amunitioneres, Gentlemen of the Artillery, his Ingineres, Masteres of several sorts of engines of firewourkes▪ Canonieres, Masteres of the mine, or Minadores, Gastadores, or Wourkmen, with theyre Captains, a Furiell, Smittes, Tembermen. A great store of tents is required for the safety of thighs variable sorts of amunitiones and pertrechoes, as powder of all sorts, led, match, and all sorts of bullets, and in quantity for great and small ordnance, it is alsoe necessary he be a compained with a curious Engineer curious in all sorts of firewourkes, necessary for very many exeeutiones, if one of such aprooved parts can by hit upon, he is also to have Masteres who hase good skill in making and refininge of powder: When occasion shall offer to plant his great ordnance to beleaguer or batter a town, city or Castle, his Leutenante, Ingineres, Mine-masteres, and Powder keeperes, and Gentlemen of the Artillery, are all to by in a readiness to dispose of the Artillery and amunitiones, when occasion shall offer, that it must by planted, or sent from one place to a nother, and his Leutenante is to get a relation, who many cannones shall by appointed in each place; and consider such as are fit for one execution, and for a nother, but thighs resolutiones must come from the Captain general, or Master de camp general, which of them doth command in the field, but the execution belongeth to the General of the Artillery, and to such under him to whose charge they are recomended, the Leutenante of the General of the Artillery is to see that theyre by horses and wagones' enough, and to be very, vigilant, and careful to visit often times the store houses, where the powder led or math do lie; Of which double cinteries ought always to be put upon, for many good respects, and specially for fear of spies to use industry to give the same fire, wherefore prudent generals of the Artillery are wont to divide thighs munitiones, in sundry and secure places, (fearing of a sudden disgrace.) Alsoe he is to see that his Canonieres or gunneres do lie every night by theyre canonnes, that they may in a readiness upon the first advice, and it were necessary that each Canonnier should have a boy to assist him.  
The Leutenante is to by very curious and vigilant to see that the great ordnance by still well provided with all necessary instruments, and rather more than less, fearing of urgente necessity, and that theyre want no kind of munition, nor instrument fit for their sundry executiones. It is necessary that their be a certain quantity of good refined saltpiter three times refined, camphora, vinegar, sal armoniak, sal gema, rosin, colofonia, strong brandevin, a store of o kom, linsat-oyle, gineper-oyle, all which are required for several executiones of firewourkes, when occasion shall offer, but for the curious ordering of thighs compositiones, for there several and rare executiones, we find but very feowe:) It is necessary that he be a companied with good carpinteres.  
He ought to by curious and careful in seeing that all sort of munitiones be bought before he shall have need, for often times we see that in times of most need. Very little can be had, and sometimes all most none at all, and specially powder and match, for often times our enemy secretly under hand buys all that can be had; so the General knowing this matter to be of such importance to his Majesty's service, is to see it prevented before hand; Great consideration ought to by taken in knowing where beast to plant the ordnance, and to fortify and intrinche with speed, as time and occasion shall require, and to keep good watch, and to by a companied with good Controulers, for to provide all sorts of provisiones.  
He is to know who to a proach, and who with prudence and good watch and vigilance to secure himself and Artillery, and in many ocasiones not to trust to many, butt rather in person, and with speed to see thighs things put in execution as the importance of the occasion shall require, (and to be well guarded on every side,) He is to see that his Artillery do orderly march, and such as do not obey the orderes by him given, to see them severely punished; he is to know at night who his ordnance shall by planted for the execution he shall exspecte, and by day see the same ordered, in taking the height and line for his purpose, either a far of or near, if it by into a city town, or fort, or in the front of the enemy, or if by chance they should come to defeat him to by prevented.  
When occasion shall offer to pass an army over deep riveres, it is necessary to by well provided of boathes of two yards and half deep, wheruppon bridges are to by framed, which are to be made of strong tember, and planks to pass the Artillery, and the whole army, as did that famous and prudent Conductor Marques SPINOLA in taking of Reinbarke, and the scounse over the Rhine, and in taking vessel, and in the honourable regaininge of Breda.  
They are wont to carry for thighs bridges sometimes 30. boathes sometimes more: first considering the greatness of the river, where they mean to pass over. To which purpose is required a Captain for every fiftine boathes, and to each boath four Marineres, some, times more, and sometimes less, acording as the General shall think fit and as many Carpinteres as shall by taught necessary, also-Smittes to sheowe horses, and for many other purposes, a store of anccores, cables, graplinges, while wrightt with such necessaries; Befittinge his purpose, and always must not fail whiles to spare, for the cannon, and great ordnance, fearing lest any while should break, that presently prevension may by had.   

THE THIRDE CHAP.  
THe Artillery which is to by conducted with an army, is to by commanded by the Captain general, considering the executiones he doth pretend, and the greatness of his army, and the circuide they may ocupie, they carry 30. or 35. canonnes of great cice for battery some more, sometimes lesh, acording the execution, some shoot a bullet of 45.50.60.66. pound, from 7. to 8. inches in height.  

15. Half cannonnes from 25. pound bullet to 30.  
16. Culverines' from 16. to 20. pound bullet.  
26. Demy Culverines.  
25. Falcones and falconetes.  
82.   
Great store of cannon-pouder, and alsoe a good quantity of powder, for small shot, a store of leader bags to carry powder behind men a horsebake, when any sudden occasion so requireth, hides to cover the powder in the carriage of the same, pices of chains and broken iron, cartages full of musket bullets to shoot out of great ordnance in the front of a battle, or any order of men a prochinge near to execute thire intent: In such and semblable ocasiones the aforesaiede instruments bienge well handled by good and skilful Canonieres in due time, are of wonderful executiones, and do put the enemy in mighty terron, in many occasiones by sea and land, great quantity of bullets for your great ordnance, and good store of match, and bullets for the small shot, a store of mattokes shoules and pickaxes, hatchetes, and axes to cut wood and fagotes, and a store of wood houkes, a store of planks, and pieces of timber, which may serve for many purposes, great store of basketes to carry earth to fill the gabiones and cover the small shot in trinches and fortificationes, sledges and iron bars to break rocks, great and small saws, laddeles of brace and theyre staufes, sponges, rameres for each sort of the great ordnance; great store of 
A Table for to find out the names of the great ordnance now used for ofensive and defensive wars, the height of their diameter or height of their bullets, and their weights, the compass of the same, weight of the powder required to each piece, the weight of each piece of ordnance, length of the same, their thickness, linght of their laddells, and the bread of the same, the number of men sufficient to draw each piece, and the number of horses requisite for to draw the same, the distance of paces each piece cariethe at point blank, the distance of paces each great piece shoots at utmoste random, the length of the coyler rope requisite for to draw each piece.  The names of the pieces of great ordnance. The height of the diameter of every piece in enches and parts. height of the bullet in inches and parts. Weight of the shot in pounds and parts. Compass of the shot in inches and parts. Weight of corn powder due to charge each peee in pounds. Weight of the piece in pounds. The length of the piece en feet. Thickness of the mettle at the touch hole in inches and parts. Thickness of the piece at the neck of the same. length of the laddel in inches and parts. The bread of the laddell. length of the planks of the carriage in feet. The number of men, suficient to draw each piece, when need require. The number of the horses requisite to draw each piece of ordinance. Distance of pases the piece carrieth at point blank. The distance of pases each great piece shoots at utmoste random. The length of the coyler rope requisite to draw each piece. Cannon. 8 7 ¼ 64 25 1/7 32 8000 12 8 4 23 ½ 15 16 ⅔ 90 16 300 1500 70 Cannon serpintin 7 ½ 7 ¼ 52 23 4/7 26 7000 11 ½ 7 ½ 3 ¾ 22 14 ¼ 16 ¼ 80 14 340 1600 66 Frence Cannon. 7 ¼ 7 ½ 46 ¾ 22 11/14 23 6500 12 7 ¼ 3 2/● 21 13 ¼ 16 70 12 360 1740 64 Demi canon eildest 6 ½ 6 ¼ 36 ⅝ 21 ●3/14 20 6000 11 2/4 6 ¼ 3 ⅛ 22 12 15 ½ 65 11 370 1800 60 Demi canon ordin. 6 ½ 6 ¾ 32 20 2/7 18 5600 10 ½ 6 ½ 3 20 11 ½ 15 60 10 350 1700 54 Demi canon. 6 ¼ 5 ¼ 24 ½ 18 6/7 16 5000 11 6 3 1/10 21 11 ½ 16 56 9 340 1600 46 Culveringe. 5 ½ 5 ½ 19 17 2/7 15 ½ 4600 13 ¼ 5 ½ 3 22 9 ½ 18 50 8 420 2100 40 Ordinari culver. 5 ¼ 5 ¼ 16 ¼ 16 ½ 12 4300 12 5 ¼ 2 ¾ 21 9 17 2/4 46 8 400 2000 36 Demi culveringe. 4 ½ 4 11 ¾ 14 1/7 9 3000 11 4 ½ 2 4/● 20 8 ½ 16 ¼ 36 7 380 1800 34 Demi culveringe, somewhat leshe. 4 ¼ 4 ●/2 9 13 5/14 7 ⅔ 2300 10 4 ●/4 2 ½ 19 ½ 7 2/4 14 2/● 28 6 320 1600 30 S●k●r ordinary. 3 ¼ 3 ½ 6 11 11/14 5 1900 9 ½ 3 ¾ 2 1/● 16 ¼ 6 2/4 14 24 5 300 1500 28 Saker or minnon. 3 ¼ 3 ½ 4 ¾ 10 3/14 3 ¼ 1100 8 3 ¼ 2 14 5 ¼ 11 20 4 280 1400 24 Falcon. 2 2/4 2 ½ 2 ●/3 8 9/14 2 ¼ 750 7 2 2/4 2 12 4 ½ 10 ●/4 16 3 260 1200 20 Fa●conet. 2 ¼ 2 1 ⅛ 7 1/14 1 ½ 400 6 2 ¼ 1 2/4 10 3 ●/4 8 2/4 10 2 220 1000 20 nails little and great, coradge of small sorts, horse sheowes and horse nails, little and great bands of iron for the while, and spare whiles without fail, lanterns and store of candles, for Carpenteres to work at night time when necessity so requireth, tallow and tarr for the while, torches, wax, candles, scalinge leaderes, a quantity of musketes and pikes; A store of compositiones and mixtures for fire wourkes, saltpiter, camphora, solfer, armoniac, sal gema, colofonia, rosin, red wax, strong brandevin, a quantity of o came, small cords, and iron wires, juniper oil, linseede-oyle, turpintin non preparata: The saltpiter used for firewourkes is most commonly refined three times, of thighs mixtures there needeth no great quantity because that they are seldom used and besides they are very costly and feowe can by found for there due ordering for several executiones.  
To draw a cannon of great cice in fair weader is required 18. or 20. horses, sometimes more if the situation by not good, but in fool weader is required 24. horses, sometime more if the situation by not good, thighs horese is to by chosen both great and strong, for a demi cannon 12. or 16. horses, in fool weader 16. or 18.  
A strong and good waggon will carry 70. cannon shot and of otheres of lesher seize acording to that rate, to the drawing of which is required 4. or 6. horses, and acording to that weight are all the other wagones' loaden, with powder and other munitiones, bridges, barks requires more horses acording to the greatness of the load.  
For the manadginge of thighs amunitiones, and of the great ordnance is required many men, a monghst the which it is most necessary that theyre by good and experimented Carpinteres, Canonieres, Gentlemen of the Artillery to govern and conduct the same, prudently. A Contador, Mayor domo, Pagador, Comesaries or muster masteres, a harbinger to whose charge, is 250. horse, and a provoste over the horses that caries the Artillery, some Smittes and many pioneres or wourkmen, to make trinches rampires, mines, and contra-mines to make plain and eiven bad pasadges, that the great ordnance may pass, skilful Ingineres to under-mine walls of towns, and fortreshes; to dig wells for water, over thighs pioneres are a pointed Captains to govern and command them, which of necessity ought to by expert in fortificationes, contramininge, trinchinge, and knowing who to manage engines of firewourkes to burn boats ships, or any such combustible thing, and in knowing the compositiones fit for them, and who to make them.  
There ought to by one of perfect skill for a condestable or Master gunner to govern, command, instruct, oversee and examine all the rest gunneres, and to by very careful to see that they do their duty, and know who to a complish with their obligationes, for some raw and unexperimented men do undertake the charge of a gunner who knoweth just nothing: Theyre ought to by instruments to take the leavelles, engines to monte and dismonte all sorts of ordnance.  
The General of the Artillery, as a superior comaunder, ought to procure and take a special care in due time to see all matteres provided and put in order, rather than to think theruppon, when occasion should present, and specially in the low countries, where wars are daily in exercise, and sundry interprises, and brave exploits executed of a sudden. He is to get a list of all sorts of amuninitiones and arms, as well defencive, as offensive both for foot and horse, giving order and charge of the same, to the Mayor domo, the which they ought to give out by librances or ticketes, from the General, because that good account may by yieldeth of provisiones of such great importance, in as much that no fraud might by suspected: When occasion shall offer to plant your cannon or great shot, to batter a city town foot or castle, or any other occasion.  
And pretending to effect well your purpose, you shall place them by 5.6 7.8. as occasion shall require, a leowinge a certain distance betwixt every two pieces, acording as the occasion and situation shall require or permit, first ordering the place where they shall by put with planks or tables all a longste under their while, a leowinge 7. foot little more or less behind theyre while, for the retiring of the piece, so that of itself, or with little pains it returns a gain to his due and former place; And alsoe before the Artillery is to by set a resistance of tables, betwixt it and the gabiones and parapet, and so of a neowe bigin to charge it. And when the Artillery bigines to be hit, it is not to by refreshed with vinegar, but rather weathinge the trimer in water, and with the same to refress the cane or barrel.  
This observation being fulfiled in due time you may still shoot of, if occasion require: It is alsoe to by considered the thickness and metal, advertising that the Masteres of the ordnance do a leowe no more than 40. or 50. shot a day, if the occasion by not of such importance.  
He who taketh this honourable charge in hand ought to by skilful in the art of war, and of great care in giving all orderes and instructiones in due time, and see that with great care and punctuality his orderes be observed. He ought to know the names of every piece, and theyre several weightes lenghtes bigness, and the just boar of the cilender, the weight and thickness of theyre bullets, the quantity of powder necessary for every piece, their beast advantadge at point blank, the diference and goodness of theyre powder, the laddels, sponges, and rammeres necessary, and befitinge for each one, theyre aught too by bullets and a rows of wild fire.  
It is still to by considered the goodness or badness of the powder, for the powder being good the lesser will serve, and is of far better execution, and doth less heat the piece: To know who much powder you ought to a leowe to each piece take in powder the weight of the ⅔ parts of the bullet, and so with all sort of ordnance of whatesoever cice, as for example a cannon of 66. pound bullet requires 44. pound of powder, which is the ⅔. of the weight of the bullet, and so with the rest. The laddell being filled two times is the right charge of each piece, but that consideration ought to be taken in the goodness of the powder and piece upon the powder and Artillery ought always to be a pointed a good and vigilant watch, so that no fraud may take effect, in naylinge the ordnance, or giving fire to the powder, both foot and horse ought to guard the same if need require, and specially good rounds.  
The setinge, montinge, or placing the Artillery belongeth to the Camp master general, or high Marshal of the field: Theyre ought to by a speicall care taken that of all sorts of munitiones their should by rather more to spare then that theyre should want, for two many good respects, for the more you have always to spare of powder, and other munitiones, the more honour you gain and the quieter your mind.  
If you should chance to come to conquest a foreign country where you are well assured to get both horse and foot, and being fully resolved to overcome that country, and remain in possession of the same, it is very necessary you carry a long with you a great quantity of saddeles, briddles, spurs, and Masteres to make such wourkes, and alsoe to carry a long with you a quantity of many sorts of weapons and munitiones, which suchc countries can not a ford, and to take a special care that you receive no men which might by suspected, for fidelity is a precious guel of great wourth, for nexte under God theyre is nothing of so great importance to a Prince as to have loyal subjects, for trough theyre love and unity, the fertility of the country, a companied with good laws, good discipline, prudent and brave conduction of his Captains and Comaunderes in war, as alsoe a companied with thighs said a faithful and resolute determination of his Souldieres, who being exercised and experimented in war is a wonderful comfort security, and repose both to the King and country.   

THE FOURTHE CHAP.  
WHen occasion is offered that a small or great number of Souldieres are besieged in a citti town forte or castle, where they are appointed by theyre King or General for to defend the same, like faithful and true subjects, where rather they should dye honourably in defence of the same then yieldeth it, except great extremity, and good reasons, constrain them thereunto, and making notorious there prudence, valour, and fidelity; And if it should chance to fall out theyre comaunder or governoure of such a place trough a covardelie mind, or by means of selling the same for money to the enemy, and finding that he should presume to yielded the same to the enemy, little regarding his Prince is service, nor his own reputation, and knowing that such a place might be defended; They all with a brave resolution are to comfort the comaunder, presenting theyre reasons that such a place may be well defended, and at lenghte, finding his mind yielded to the base act, and seeing that reasons can persuade not a veil. They are with a brave and resolute determinotion to say that to honour theyre Prince, and maintain theyre one reputation, that like unto faithful subjects and honourable Souldieres they rather choose to dye in defence of the place, then yielded the same, till they know the will of theyre general; And if the General find no opportunity to advertice them with answer, or in soucorringe them; They are with a brave and noble determinasion to protest to die in defence of the same, with aresolute mind then yielded the same covardly, estiminge but little the honour of their prince and their one reputasion, and finding that the Governor of that place will not agrie but still go forward in his base mind they may lawfully aprehende him, and elect another in his place, to whom they ought to obey and respect as if he were elected by the king or general, protesting to fulfil with him as a superior, and for the better performance thereof to put all their conclusiones in writhinge; so that the enemy being informed of their valerouse determination brave spirits and fidelity, they shall hardly fall upon them, but upon great and extraordinary advantadge, seeing that they are resolved rather to die in defence of their honour and reputasion then to yielded or hazard their fame in rinderinge the same to the hands of their enemy, which may use there one discression in a matter of so heavy importance, in either gaininge honour or disgrace, so considerenge the diferince betwixt thighs two points in the noble profession of arms, better and more honourable it is to die in defence of a just and honourable cause, and perpetuate the●e fame to all posterity, then yielded to any low or base imagination.  
When an army do inter into a foreign country and determineth to remain their that winter, and conquest the same, first he is to fortify himself, or come in pocession of strong places if it might by possible: secondly to gather all the corn cattle wine bire and all other sort of vituales necessary for the manteinance of his army: So that his may not want, and that his enemy may by driven unto great extremity (and that trough mere extremity they may come to offer themselves to serve as faithful subjects) so that of materes which bienge prudently and diligently manadged do often times resulte prosperous and good successes: A necessary thing in war that the souldiores of each army do carry their device and token whereby they may by known by their own as friends, rather than to fall upon as if it were an enemy not knowing them as it may well fall out.  
When a general of an army doth inter to conquest a kingdom the provinces or places trough which he marcheth, he is to take care to leave them well fortified and sure, with good and strong garisones that his soucors munitiones and convoys, may with the better security pass and repass, for cause that importeh much for the better security and good success of his jurney and pretended purpose: And if by chance in such places his convoys by beaten or broken, as it may well fall out, he may retire to the nexte adjoninge fort castle or town, for his security, and so shall all sort of trade, merchandise, munitiones, and traffic freely pass from place to place, conducted with strong and vigilant convoys both foot and horse. Such people as shall by chosen to recnoledge city's towns, forts castles, theyre fossose and walls, and the places easieste to by won, as alsoe to recnoledge the place more conveniente to cut trinches. these people ought to be chosen of men of long experience in war, as well in the Theoric and practice of the same, ingeniouse and of a grtate spirit, of a settled mind to hold and take notice of whate he seeth, the peril and danger of the matter, the necessary preventiones for the same in as much as may be possible in taking advantadge of the enemy; Some that are employed in thighs ocasiones do carry arms of proof and targetes, otheres do only carry targetes, which i think is enough, by reason of the great weight of both, such men are to arm themselves with a settled mind, not fearful but of a brave spirit scilente and patient, for otherwise hardly can they bring to perfection theyre purpose, nor give a good relation of whate is recomended to their charge which by experience is often tried in the ocurrantes of war.  
When occasion shall offer to give an escalada to a town citti or fort it is necessary it by at night alitle before day, and in an obscure night alitle before day, and that to be very silent and secretly, and with great expedition to execute his purpose, but first and before hand ought to be taken the height of the wall and place of your execution, that the laderes may just conform with the place and that it be nothing higher for bienge dangerous, for the part within discoveringe him, with little pains may turn the ladder and hinder the execution pretended, and the ladder ought not to be so short but it may come within two foot to the upper patre of the wall, or just to the same little more or less; for otherwise time and occasion may be lost, and the first that are to by chosen for such exploits are to be pikmen and chosen of people of brave spirits and valerouse determinationes to entertain the place with their pikes till the shot do inter; and as the pikes do inter they are to turn their faces toward both sides of the wall to keep of the fury of the enemy till the shot do inter; And then the leader is to march forward in good order till he come to the beast post of the enemy, and most fit for his purpose, with a troop of chosen and resolute muskettieres' in the vangarde who dischardginge that value giveth great terror to the enemy, and let them make their rekoninge before hand that their is no turning bake, but with a brave resolution step forward with a valerouse determination, otherwise athousand to one they are lost, for such and semblable executiones is required prudent and brave conductores of tried valour and resolution.  
Nexte under god, true religion and pure conscience, there is nothing to be so highly esteemed and commended in the profession of arms as obedience, acompanied with good discipline and examples, for otherwise all other good parts in him are to little purpose and of little estimasion, yea and of what sooner quality or condision he be of, from a private soldier to a Master de Camp general; always the lower is to respect the higher in degree (for the prosperous succeses of warlike afaires.) And it is most necessary that those who doth militate in the same do serve with agoode, will cencerly and faith fully, showing themselves loving and loyal, in all ocasiones to their Prince, and General, which they are to sheowe by testimony of good examples, so they shall be beloved and gain good fame, and by all likhoode shall have good successes▪ And many souldiores who bienge assured that their chief doth inbrace and recompense all brave actiones in war do venture themselves with a better couradge, and resolute determination; Then if they were constrained by force, and of little hope of recompense.  
julius Caesar that famous Captain of great renoome who in all his actiones sheowed himself with such a generouse mind and loving towards his souldiores, acompanied with his military prudence did triumph and over come in 52 battles and encounters of great hazard and dificulte, with the slaughter of 110000. people for the space of eight years he governed worthy to be noted and kept in perpetual memory when he touke his jurney to pass over the river of the Rhine in germany to fall upon the Suitseres, to revenge the injury and treason commited by them against the republic of the romans in killing Casio a famous Roman Consul, and all his people: But julius Caesar for a revenge thereof gave them a battle, they bienge in number 290000. men; Notwithstanding he defeated 130000. of them, and they asking for peace after that Cesar did overcome them he came to a grement and composition with them.  
A nother thing wourdie to by noted that when the Suitsers did pass the river of the Rhine, with 43000. men to inhabit, and overcome France, Borgondie, and Flandes. Julius Caesar heeringe of theyre presomtion, presently departed to meet them, and defeated and overcome them, and for the most part such as escaped the battle, for the great renoome and relation they had of his brave goverment, and kind entertainment, they were content to remain in service under him, so that trough his prudence, bram ve conduction, and the great contentment souldiores had to serve under his command, he did overcome all the Provinces of the Suitseres Fleminge, and Frence, and passed into Inglande and did put them under subjection, and after pasing over sea, the Inglish begun to rebel against him, so that he was forced to return a gain to recover them, and leaving them settled, went into spain and drived a way Pompeo, and mastered all that he had under subjection: So that this laudable and renoomed Captanie left to all warriors many brave examples of perpetual memory.  
His brave and prudent conduction, liberality clemency and mangnanimitie made him victorious, so that he triumpheth over Asia, Africa, and Europa. And so many more brave and valerouse warrieres for bienge beloved by theirs, keeping them still contented, have optained many rare victories. And to the contrary o there's who were of bad conduction, and careless to content their Armies had but little good succeses; As did happen to Atilla king of the Hunos' a proud and cruel man, an enemy and scourdge of cristianes, was overcome in the battle betwixt him and Theodorico King of the Burgonones in the camp of Cathalanos, though he had more men than the Burgonones he was overcome with the loshe of 180000 men, in which battle the King Theodorico was slain, many more comparisones might be related, but now a days the wars are so diferente in usinge no tyranny, but rather by industry brave and prudent conduction good discipline, daily subtility engeniouse wits, inventenge of fire wourkes and other military acts in war, to which helpeth much the reading of antiente histories of prudent and valerouse Captains to sharpen the wit of men, and increase the hearts and understanding of such as do follow the noble profession of arms: But let none presume that by only reading he can be apt to govern in war (in governing of an army) nor trust to the same without having exercised himself and practicing him in many ocurantes of warlike afaires, but the learning becometh none better than the soldier, for it brings him to great perfection, firimnes and authority. Many Kings Emperors and Captain generals do embrace the letteres with arms and find it most necessary, and are of rare importance, and find that learning is most required to the executiones of this profession more than to any other profession, for bienge the true fundament of nobility: In the profession of arms the wicked vice of invie is most odious and vileste of all acts; for bienge master of many vices which resulte of rude and blind ingnorance, subject to quareles, murmurasion, backbitinge, disgraces and bad examples, enemy to all good proceedings, truth and virtue, which doth so penetrate the unconsiderate and base understanding of many of little conscience and reputation, daily decaienge and falling unto many crimes and disgraces, enemy to frindshipp and accord, subject to afrontes and vices, of bad life and bad end: In the profession of arms great care ought to be taken of such as are given to such and semblable vices; and when by fair means and good instructiones they do not a mind to see them severely punished, or drive them a way, like base factioneres inclined to vices troubles and bad examples.   

THE FIFTH CHAP.  
WHosoever would wish to be a perfect soldier and desirous that matteres of importance were refered to his care and charge, first he must by exercised long time in wars, showing him diligent in a plienge himself in the theoric and practic of this art, to be couriouse and ingeniouse in many ocurrantes and warlike exploits, in fortifienge himself in ocasiones of necessity either in plain or hilly ground, riveres or pasadges or where soever. He is to be couriouse in understanding the difficulties of the situation, the vantadge and disadvantadge of the place, and how he may entertain the place, in as much as industry can a ford, in considering how soucor can be kept from him, and the necessary prevension, if he by inviorened with wood gardines ditches valleys old buildings in 700. or 800. paces, and if their be any such empedimentes to see them with speed plained and prevented that he may discover every way, and let him look well that he be not deprived of water, and in as much possible to inform himself in knowing all means the enemy may use to cross him of succour; and the surest way or means who he may receive soucor, and use all industry possible in so much that the enemy do not cross him of the pasadges, and put themselves in possession of the same: He is to fortify himself in as much as may by possible, and as the situasion shall permit, not grudging at the great pains required to that effect, in raising the walls in the height and form requisite, the ditch of the bread and height conveniente. To raise the bulwarks of the same in the height that they may discover the sircuide and places befitinge on each side, let him by provided in due time of all necessary munitiones, and as much as may by, and rather have to spare then want, alsoe to be provided of several sorts of fire wourkes which are of rare emportance in many ocasiones, let him by always vigilant and wary, and fear of the sudden plots and stratagems of his enemy, which may fall upon him when he jest thinketh, so let him not wholly trust to his and his souldiores valour, but rather always be ready to receive the alarm with great vigilance and brave resolution, so shall he a complish the obligationes of a prudent careful and vigilant soldier, and defend his reputasion.  
When any strong place is besieged and that yove would cut atrince to win the same, the person that undertaketh this charge must by curious and skilful, the trince is to by five foot deep and the earth to be cast up on both sides than it shall be seven foot deep in some places it is to by ten foot broad, in some places eight, but in the biginenge it needeth not to be above eight foot broad, and in every place it must by five foot at jest deep. these trinches are to by cut and go on crossed (and crouked) so that the enemy do not discover our front, but giving them still our side, and so shall the companies inter with the better security and feowe men kilth, and they may go up and down the trince at their own ease, but they must beware and by in all readiness jest the enemy should chance of a sudden come to try their valour, and kill such as they find in the trince, and nail the artillery if they can come so far, therefore let their by chosen the beast and most valerouse pikemen, and order them in three in rank to hinder the entinte or empetue of the enemy, in thighs and semblable ocasiones in war where carelelie Officeres and souldiores do assist they find themselves amazed for there little care and vigilance in sudden prevented exploits of the enemy, after bienge well informed of trusty spies of the little vigilance and care of the enemy it is an easy thing to triumph victory of them, so in ocurrantes and ocasiones of warlike afaires all security is to by prevented in due time in as much as industry vigilance and care can afourde, and such as do not think upon themselves to prevente the necessary remedies, are most commonly lost, and such as do escape remain tatched with great disgrace, for bienge overthrown trough careless minds and little discipline, so let none by ingnorant but that vigilance and care acompanied with military prudence and brave resolution is of rare importance in war.   

THE sixth CHAP. treating of the Office of a Captain general of an Army.  
THis office being of so high dignity and degree, the King doth choose and elect it be the advice of his prudent counsel of state and war; and in this election great consideration ought to by had, for bienge the office of high degree in the field; which of all reason ought to by commended to the care and charge of a personadge endued with the befitinge parts for the executing of so honourable a charge: Therefore he ought not only to have the perfection and approved parts of all other officeres under his command; but to excel them all in experience, gravity, policy, secrecy, temperance, valour constancy, vigilance, care liberality, and to by of brave and resolute determinations, preventing and executing in due time with care and prudence all things apertaininge to his charge: To relate of all the good parts in him it were tedious, for he is to by of such perfect judgement of all things which hath and shall by written of this art, so that the good parts in him required are infinite.  
He is not only to by of perfect judgement in excelling all the rest, but alsoe to by of a virtuous life in giving good examples, as apateerne light and lantern of all the army (so that they may imitate him) for most commonly averteouse prudente and valiant general will choose valiant virtuous and prudent Captains and Officeres; prudente and valerouse Captains ought to estime virtuous valiant and skilful souldieres.  
The accidents of war are so many that it altherethe the houmore of some professores of this art, except they by endued with singular virtue and constancy, which are found but in very feowe. Very many difficulties do offer in the daily ocurrantes of war, but great ability is requiered to see them prudently ordered; and hardly can any master be had of such perfection, but that some times he must err.  
To relate in particular of the parts required in a general it were tedious, Wherefore i will name the four princlpal parts the greeks and romans desired to occur in such personages; first to be skilful in the art of war, to be valiant and of brave and prudent resolution, to sheowe himself with great gravity and authority, and to be fortunate in his sucesses. If he be acompanied with the parts and propriety before declared it is enough. Nevertheless he hase enough to learn.  
For the better security and success of his army it is necessary that his person be still well guarded in all plases where he marches with his army. (And trough his valeoure and mangnanimitie) finding that he is inclined to present himself the first in all dangeres, his counsel of wars not to permit him for many respects, for bienge kilth or taken prisoner it were no small matter. That besides it is an occasion to animate the enemy, and to disanimate ours, whereof great consideration ought to be taken.  
The greeks and romans for the defence and repose of their republic have chosen their Captain generals of souldieres of great and long experience in martial actiones, whereby they might prudently govern and command with full authority and due respect. And therefore they always did choose thighs personadges of men of long practice, great experience in war, and of reepe years and judgement.  
It is true that Alexander Magnus, being but of young years begun to govern and command an Army, and conquered all Asia and did put the world in amace. Sometimes it is most conveniente that Kings and Princes in person be present with their armies for many respects, thouge their experience be not great; but when such ocasiones do present they carry with them the most ancient and experimented Captains they find as did Alexander of those Captains which King Philip his father had for his Counseleres and conductores of war. And as did King Philipe of Spain when he elected done Juan de Austria for his Captain general, he a pointed for his Lieutenant done Luis de Suniga the gran comendador of castilla.  
And to the contrary who infortunate happened to done Sebastian King of Portugal not to imitate thighs renoomed examples of perperpetuall memory, in his infortunate and disastered journey made into barbarie, he being young and unexperimented in war which was cause of his and his army's perdition, so that young Princes in wars ought to have for their Counseleres grave and experimented Captains, none can denay but this King was of a high conceit and of a most brave and valerouse determinasion but by reason of his young years and less experience in war, he wanted prudence for the due conduction of such an honarble action.  
In the honourable journey made by the famous and renoomed conqueror King Edward the thirde into France, sending his eyldest son the Prince of wales for general, Naming for his Counsellors and Captains the valiant prudent and renoomed Earls of oxford warwick, suffolk and salisbury, where at the battle of Poitiers they made known their undeniable prudence and great valour, that at length they overthrewe the whole power of france, and their King john and his son Philipe were taken prisoneres, with very many of the frence nobility, to the Inglish is perpetual glory and fame.  
Aniball that renoomed Captain of perpetual memory was but very young when he began to govern an army, but he had for his Counseleres ancient and prudent Captains, and was ruled and governed by them till he came to understanding, giving many famous battles and overthrows to the romans, till at the end he was overcome with Cipio Africano that renowned Captain of the remains.  
The Captain general ought to inform himself well of the forces quality and conditions of his enemy, if bisonos or raw men, or old and experimented soldiers, alsoe to be well informed of the situation strength and form of their city's towns, forts, and strong holds, and of the convenienteste plases to pass over thire riveres. Alsoe to inform himself of the situation of their camps, so that he might be the better prevented when occasion shall offer, alsoe to be well informed of people of good judgement and trust of all the difficulties that may hinder him, so that in due time he may prevente all necessary prevenciones, and specially see that he trusteth the relating of thighs and many more ocasiones to people of great fidelity and trust and of good understanding.  
When the Captain general shall inter to conquest aforaigne country he is to indevoure with speed to put himself in pocession of the principaleste pasadges of riveres castles and strong plases, and with speed see them well provided with all necessaries, that thereby he may put the country under subjection, and that his amunitiones and all other necessaries may be transported with the more security from one place to another, and with speed to see all places fortified in as much as can possible, where any part of his army being constrained trough extreme necessity may safely repair unto. For it fale out often times that the ocurrantes of warlike affairs are subject to many disgrases, and may be when we leshe fear. Wherefore aprudente comaunder ought in due time to prevente such difficulties, which is the kea and security of his army, and specially to see thighs plases well provided with all sort of amunitions, and to see that they be recomended to the care and charge of careful vigilante prudente and valerouse Captains.  
When resolution is taken to scale any town fort or strong place, first information ought to be taken by skilful and trusty people of all difficulties which might be suspected or feared, as alsoe of the just height of the walls that ladderes may be made for that purpose, and not to be overlonge for bienge dangerous for cause that the enemy may easily turn them up side down. these ladderes are not to be so short but that they may reach to the place of their execution (for thighs executiones most commonly are first employed pikemen of chosen and valerouse souldieres) to make way till the shot follow to succour them, during which time they are to maintain the place with great valeoure till all the shot do join, and then with speed go forward, well and prudently ordered, and with abrave and resolute tetermination till they come in pocession and master the place, and strongest watch they find. In thighs and other semblable ocasiones there is no looking after, still go forward with great couradge and valeoure, which execution ought to be recomended to the care and charge of prudent and valerouse Captains and chosen souldiores, which bienge so hitted upon, great expectasiones might be hoped of their good success. And order ought to be given that in pain of death no soldier shall stir out of his order till the enemy be wholly vanquised and all things duly ordered and prevented.  
Goode successes are often times obtained by means of military prudence care and diligence, wherefore it is necessary the Captain general be very industriouse in knowing who to invente neowe occasiones of war to diverte and entertain the enemy when occasion shall require, and to corrupt them with money, for many ocurantes in war it is necessary to have many trusty spies which serve for many purposes, it is most necessary that thighs people by known for men of trust and fidelity; for otherwise being of double dealing they are most dangerous. In all ocasiones he shall atempte he is to be very careful and diligent, and to know the quality and condision of the enemy's comaunder wheader he be raish and inconsiderate or prudent and reposed in his actiones, and wheader he be a man of a high mind to come to the fact of arms, and to know the quality of his counseleres conductores and officeres, and of whate determinasiones, and to be well informed if his army be of bisones or raw men or of anunciente skilful and practised souldiores, and of whate nasiones and of whate desingnes. A general can help himself in many matteres having good and trusty spies, which are to be very well rewarded and paid for be their, means often times matteres of great moment is prevented in due time, and to the contrarry for want of such trusty and careful people great disgraces do happen, and brave interprises lost, thighs people being of confidente trust care and ability is agreate repose of mind to the general.  
Most necessary it were that some Captains and Alferises reform of long practice and experience in war should still asiste nexte his person, to inform of many matteres which do occur unknowen to the General, and of great importance to his majesties service, and which should by prevented in due time. these people for cause of there long experience and a proved fidelity in materes of war should rather by employed then otheres ordinarily sent with comisiones in visiting frontieres', fortificasiones amunisiones magasenes or storehouses, and of very many more ocasiones of importance to the furtherance of his majesties service, and in giving true relasion of the extreme necessities of souldiores for want of the ordinary and inescusable necessaries ordained for them be the Prince in their garisones as lodgings bedes, etc. And seeing that none do procure nor pity them they run away from their colours which might be prevented in due time be means of faithful and trusty relatores, to the better performance of his majesties service and repose of the common wealth and pour inhabitances, it were very necesary he should have trusty people of good skill and understanding in war who should in due time advertice him of many matters which doth ocurr unknowen to him or his counsel, and very necessary for his majesties service.  
To by prevented in due time against the poisonous designs and practices of the enemy, it were most necessary to get faithful and trusty spies to know the intentes of the enemy, and to whate end they aspire, and to see thighs spiees well rewarded, so that with the greater care they acomplish the trust emputed in them, so that matteres of great importance may by discovered and prevented without fact of arms, only with military prudence. His ceasless care and high conceit, ought never to be weary in toiling after virtue, and to attain with travail care and military prudence the glorious issues of his deep designs.  
In thighs our later wars for the most part all electiones goes by favour frindshipp or affection to the great discomodity of his majesties service; wherefore the Captain general as a supreme justice over a whole army should have aspeciall care in informing himself well in due time, to see amatter of so great importance prudentely prevented. It alsoe falethe out that when the General Cawls for arelasion of the Master de camps to reform so many Captains of each regiment of each nation to reforce other companies. In such and semblable ocasiones, the General should take aspeciall care to by well informed, for cause that by daily experience we see thighs afaires sinesterly handled; reforming those of great service suficiency and valour, which is manifest, and to no small discomodity to his majesties service, in the atemptes of many honourable interprises and incounteres, and to the great decay of military discipline. So that for want of prudente conductores, many honourable ocasiones are daily lost. And that resulting of the little perfection of many officeres in military discipline. To see these ocasiones and many more duly prevented, the Captain general for many wourdie respects ought to inform himself well, in as much that favour frindshipp nor affecsion may take place, but rather forward and advance those of long and faithful service, prudent carriage, renoomed acts and valour. So that in the administrasion of justice he shall by reputed for one inclined to minister equity and right, as alsoe for one of great disgression and wisdom, And so most commonly by all reason the sucesses of military discipline shall prosper, to the great renoome of the Prince, repose and furtherance of the common wealth. Happy is the Prince and renoomed is the General who in his electiones do imitate the greeks and romans, in electing the conductores of their armies of men expert and skilful in the art of war, and most commonly wise vertueses and valiant generals, will choose wise valiant and vertueses Captains, of long practice renoomed acts and good examples; So with the assistance of the divine power (great hopes ought to by expected of their happy successes) as Alexander the great, Scipio Africano, Aniball, and many more renoomed warrieres left in writhinge suficiente examples of the same.   
The end of the seconde Book.   

THE THIRDE BOOK treating OF FIREWOURKES' OF RARE EXECUTIONES BY SEA AND LAND. After which follows A DISCOURSE OF THE CONFINES OF A KINGDOM; And the good laws to by observed in the same, and how it is to by fortified, and strong by art, or by nature, or by both.  

THE first CHAP. treating of Patarres.  
TO charge a pattar to break a bridge is required six pound of powder, or six and half, and to break strong ports or gates, four pound, or four and half, and for palisadoes two pound, or two and half.  
This pattares are to be charged of the fineste and beast powder that can by had, which to do well for the perfect execution of the same. Powder should be made for itt of refined mixtures of saltpetre and solpher, and at the chardginge of the same it must be well beaten, but not so much that the grain of the powder by brocken, and when it is charged, the mouth of the pattar must be very well stopped with apiece of tember (and wax) oboute the which on the outward part, or about the mouth of the pattar must be wrapped and tied apiece of canvas dobbed in wax, fearing that water might come to touch the powder to hinder the execution of the same, if in case it should chance fall into the water. (advertising that the pattar is not to be wholly filled, rather to leave three or four fingeres void, and to fill the most part thereof with okum, and the touch hole is to be coated with apiece of waxed canvas, and well tied to the same for fear of water and fire.  
The touch hole must be filled with mixtures ready and quick to kindel fire, but slowly to effect that the patardier may have time to retire after giving fire.  

The compositiones required to charge a pattar.  
FOr this purpose take three parts of fine and strong powder, five of solpher, eight of refined saltpetre, or eight and half, afterwards mingell all thighs mixtures well together till yove corporate them, and put to them alitle petrol oil, so much that they corporate together, and let them dry well in the sun, and being well dried, fill the pattar with the said mixtures, for the tienge of thighs pattares aforck with two teeth is esteemed the beast, and in time of execution to put the same trough the ears of the pattar to fasten the same both with a chain and cord.  
When yove would surprise a ny place of emportance by scalinge pattar, or by means of any fault in the walls of the same, whereby yove may easily come in, or by intelligence or treatment of treason. Ifby pattar yove determine to win the same, yove must first by well informed of skilful and trusty spies, or of people of trust, of the strength and entry of the gates, batteries bridges, palisadoes, bucketes, and chains of the bridges, the height and distance to come to the place of execution, and if the ditch by dry or with water, and who deep and large, and if there be any forlorn centeries, or corpses de garde that may hinder yove, and in whate place they lay, and if their by any great ordnance that may play on yove, and on whate side it layeth and in whate distance·  
The place being well discovered, to effect your intention, yove are to use stratagems to divert and ocupie the enemy another way. Just about the time that yove are ready to execute your desire.  
The time beeingh well hit upon, with opportunity, and being well informed by trusty spies of no deceit nor fraud, fasilitateth much the enterprise, which is most commonly alitle before day; at which time the centeries are most lazy and have more desire to sleep, besides that the obscurity helpeth much the interpricce and aprochinges.  
When the pattares are to be planted to their execution betwixt the mouth of the same and the gate or bridge yove are to put aplancke of strong wood, of two foot broad and two foot and half long and three foot distance from the place of execution, and if yove find that the plank be not strong enough, you are to take two bars of iron and put them cross wise for the better performance of your execution, and that betwixt the said planks and the place of execution, and to order all thighs things in areadines with every thing apertaining, before yove come to the place of execution. Great consideration and curiosity is to be used be the engenious and skilful person that taketh in hand this business, in giving fire to the same, which is easy and enfalible for such as are of perfect skill in fire wourckes but to otheres very dangerous.    

THE SECONDE CHAP. How to make a torch to endure against the force of wind and rain.  
TAke of fine cotton thread, which is used for candles the one thirde part, and the other two thirde parts of thread made of fine ocam, and make of this accord as thick as your finger. Then take a quantity of saltpetre, and let it by finely stamped, and then tack a quantity of Aqua vitae, and let the cord boil therein a good while till it almost be dry, then put into the same a little quantity of gineper oil, and one part of powder, two of refined saltpetre, and one part of rosin; and corporate them all together, and let them boil over a soft fire till the cord be almost dry, and turn the same often times with much vigilance or it will kindel fiere if any extraordinary hett come near it. Being dry enough tack it up, then take one part of wax, one part of rosin, half part of colofonia, one fourth part of linesatt-oyle, and so much of camphora, one part of saltpetre three times refined, one part of powder, and boil all thighs mixtures together, and when they are well corporated dob your cord in the same mixtures as if you were to make a candle, and after being dobbed in thighs mixtures often times, set the candle a part till it be dry enough then let it be dobbed in wax, as you do other candles till such time as it be of the thickness you would have it to be, then lay it up till it be dry, and in lightinge the same it will burn with great fury and force, and no rain nor wind can quince it, and it will yielded a great flame, and terrible noise, that the behoulderes will much admire at the same.  
To try who to reduce saltpetre into water take three onces of rain water, and put it in acaldron over the fire, and put into the same two onces of saltpetre well stamped, and let it boil so long till it come to be water, which for many effects of this wourke is good, and specially to guy more force to mixtures that are not in theyre full substance and perfection.  
To refine solfer and make it more strong put into the same one eight part of quicksilver, and ⅔. parts of refined saltpetre, and melt them over a soft fire till they corporate well, and after, take the same up and being alitle hot cast it into strong vinegar, and within alitle while take itt up and it will by of full strength.  
To discover the enemy at night when yove would fall to do any execution, cause aquantitie of fagotes secretly to by put in the most convenienteste place for that purpose (that will give yove inogh light) en using them in this manner following and also will endure long.  
Take agoode quantity of ro sen, and four times so much turpintin de Venetia, and half so much of colofonia as yove take of roosen, and put aquantitie of the said mixtures on each faggot and give the same fire with awad of okum, dobbed in powder brandevin and turpintin, which wad being dried will presently give fire to the fagotes and yielded agreate flame and endure long, and if yove will have it to endure longer put aquantitie of colofonia upon the faggots in the thickeste part of them and the fire will endure long inoghe.   

THE THIRDE CHAP. To arm tronckes or canes made for several executiones of this art, the figure of which canes you shall see hire following which are made of light wood and are to be of two foot or two and half long, and some shorter for cause of their weight in time of execution.  
Thighs canes are hollow within and made of light tember like the barrel of apiece of ordnance, and they must by well bound all round about with strong marlin cord, fearing jest it should splinter by means of the strong compositiones, and mixtures put into the same, of which we will now treat. After yove have well tied the same alongste with the cord all about, yove may doabe or coat the cord in a mixture made of pitch and wax for the more security of the cane in keeping it from water, and not to splinter. Which douptles they will exepte they be well handled by men of good experience, and practice in this art, and let none presume that for the reading of many good books he can bring this wourcke to perfection, for it is of such rare and deep judgement in the ordering and measuring in proportion of the seaveral sorts of mixtures required for the same. In the drienge and manadgeinge of them is required great consideration, good skill, vigilance, and rare judgement of long exercise; whereof i have seen many dangerous trials both in the handling and executiones of this wourcke, in his due measure and proportion, therefore consideration, care, and vigilance is required.  
The compositiones required for the said canes, take six parts of musket powder, four, of solfer, a haulf part of quicksilver, one part of crystal glashe beaten into powder, one part of armoniac alsoe beaten into powder, one part of camphire, three parts of saltpetre three times refined, two parts of rosin, all which cause to by well stamped and mingled together, then tack of gineper-oyle, or petroll oil, as much as will wet a little all the said mixtures, then put as much strong brandevin, as shall be sufficient to wet well all the said mixtures, and mingel them together, and let them be dried in the sun or over a soft fiere till they corporate well, then put a monghste them a little quantity of fine cotton made or a anointed in fine beaten powder and gineper oil, and when all thief compositiones are dry, fill your cane or trunk, putting in the bottom of the same three musket-shotes of powder, or more, acording to the greatness of the cane, than a quantity of your mixtures then a little powder, than mixtures, than alitle powder, and so till you almost fill the cane to the brim, leaving two enches empty where you shall put dry mixtures quick and apt to kindel fire, and half, a quarter of an once of fine powder in the very mouth of the cane, and stick into the same a piece of match made of fine cotton, and boiled in Aqua vitae, gineper oil, and fine powder of the beast you can find, to presently kindle fire, when occasion shall require; And when you will bigin with the execution of the same, you are to give fire in the mouth of the cane, and it will yielded a most furious and great flame till it burn out, and the execution of the flame will reach some 12. foot, and with a great fury and force, which artificial canes are excellent to inter per force into ships, or into a breach or trinche, alsoe it is most excellent to break any order or array, and specially in narrow or straight places, as the draught marked with the letter A. sheoweth.  
A.   

THE FOURTH CHAP. Another way to arm artificial canes of fire-wourcke.  
TAke three parts of rosin, two parts of brimstone, one half part of the grease or fat of a hog ¼. part of red wax, cause the rosin and brimstone to be beaten into powder, and mingell them together. Then put to them the grease, and red wax and put them over asofte fire in a caldron, or earthen pot, stirring them still till they corporate well, and remain a good while over the fire: Then take five parts of serpintin powder of the beast, and of saltpetre three times refined three parts, which must be beaten to powder, then take two parts of camphire stamped, than one part of crystal glash, which must be beaten into fine powder, alsoe one part of armoniak which must be beat in into powder, all which yove shall put into the said mixtures, and let them all boil over asofte fire till they be well corporated and dried, or if yove will tack them up when they are well corporated and reasonable dry it emporteth nothing, by reason they are quick to kindle fire, and required not over much drienge, and if yove find that the mixtures be not well wet that they may the better corporate, put alitle a qua vite or petroll oil or of both to them, till yove see that they be very well corporated, he that undertaketh to macke any store of thighs Fire-wourckes must make up a furniesh for the cannoneer security of the same, for putting the mixtures in caldrones or pots over the fire as many do, it is dangerous except it be handled be one of perfect skill and great vigilance which jhave often times tried.  
For the filling of your artificial canes or trunks with the aforesaid mixtures, needeth much consideration and practice, for the perfect execution of this wourcke. Put in case it is acane where aboy is arm can inter into, yove must fill it as followeth but if greater or lesher consideration must be taken in filling the same with the mixtures in measure and proportion, or it will fail in burning all of asodaine or very slow so that great practice and curiosity is required for the perfect handling of this wourke.  
For the filling of the said canes before spoken of put into the bottom of the same two hands and half full of musket powder, than three hands full of the drieste mixtures, than two hands full of powder, than four hands full of the mixtures, than a little powder, than five hands full of the mixtures, and so still in this course, till you fill your cane within three eaches of the mouth of the same, which you shall fill with very dry and quick mixtures apt to kindle fire, and on the upmoste part or mouth of the cane some powder. That don take a piece of match made of fine cotton, and sod in Aqua vitae, gineper-oyle, and fine beaten powder, and well dried, in the sun or over asofte fire till ib be very well dried of this match cut three enches and sticken itt into the mixtures that is in the mouth of the cane, and when you are ready for your execution do but give fire with your ordinary match to this gunpowder match, and presently at the first touch of your ordinary match, or of any other fire it will instantly kindel fire: advertising that you are to cover the mouth of the cane with a piece of strong parchment, and bind it well, so that the mixtures may not fall out of the cane, the veri end of the match must a peer trough the said parchment to give it fire, when occasion shall require, and then the cane shall presently bigin to wourcke with great fury and terrible to the behoulderes, for the wonderful flame and terribel noise.  
I have seen trial made often times that theyer is nothing that putteth one in more terror than thighs instruments, being well made and duly handled, and douptles the flame and noise of this fire will put the enemy in great terror, when it bigines his course of execution, and none so valiant durst stay near it as long as the flame endures, and questionless it will make a way as far as the half pike and flame can reach though ever so valiant your enemy be, and it is a most excellent instrument to board ships per force, or to give fire to theyre mines if you perceive where the same doth say, advertising that the said cane shall shoot of two shottes one after a nother, the first that lays in the thirde degree, and the other that lays in the bottom.  
these canes can be made several manner of ways be such as are curious in the manadginge of this art, whicc none can bring to perfection, but with long practice, and much charges, be reason the compositiones and mixtures required for the same are wonderful dear, so that for the said respects hardly can you find one in ten thousand that will undertake the executing of this wourcke; may be some will that are curious in reading many brave Auctores, thinking that only by the same they know enough, they are far deceived, for i know that without practice they shall fall into very many errores, whereof i have seen very many trials made, and besides great charges before they could come to the perfect judgement of the deep secrets and curiousities of this rare art.  
these canes or tronckes of fire-wourcke, are handled several manner of ways be such as are curious; for some are of quick executiones, otheres of slow acording as the occasion shall require, in putting to them mixtures agriable for that purpose, some yielded a flame of 16. foot but thighs endures but very short, otheres yielded a flame of 12. or 13. foot, which endure longer, which are made for sudden executiones, otheres are made which do yielded a flame of 9 or 10. foot, which do endure long i nogh for any sudden exploit, for thighs are made for such executiones: Such as do not endure a 'bove the ⅛ part of a quarter of an hour will almost wholly burn the cane, i mean all the inner part of the same, such as are made to endure half a quarter of an hour will wholly burn the cane into a eishsees as fast as the mixtures or compositiones do burn. So any body may perceive that thighs compositiones are of wonderful force, and of rare executiones, which questionless shall so by found by such as will take the pains and charges, to make trial, and being expert in the due handling and manadginge of them. these mixtures are to be put in canes made, like the figure following mareked with the letter B.  
B.   

THE FIFTE CHAP. Artificial bullets, and cross bars made of fire-wourke, to shoot out of great ordnance to burn ships or houses, or to be shot into magasens or munition houses of the enemy out of great ordnance, or to be shot into the enemy's camp to burn theyre quarteres, which are to be made and ordered in this manner following.  
TAke four parts of saltpetre three times refined, of brimstone two parts, of camphire one part and half, of rosin two parts, of armoniak one part, of crystal glash beatin into powder half apart, of bay sault one fourth part; all thighs compositiones being beaten into powder mingle them together, this being done take one half part of the fat of ahog, of turpintin one fourth part, of linsat oil so much more, of aqua vitae one parte, than put thighs mixtures together over a soft fire in acaldron or strong earten pot, and mingel them altogether till they corporate very well, then when they are a good while over the fire put to them six parts of serpintin-pouder, and corporate them well, and when you find that they are reasonable dry take them up, and make a plaster or cover of oecam, so thick as the back of a knife, and so broad as shall cover the bullet or cross bar. All that being ordered as before declared take 4. parts of serpintin-pouder of the beast, and cause it to be beaten into powder, take of refined saltpetre two parts, of rosin two parts, armoniac one part, brimstone one part, all which must be beaten into powder, then wet thighs mixtures with two parts of strong brandevin, or Aqua vitae, one part of gineper-oyle, one part of turpintin, half part of linsat-oyle, that done put over the fire the rosin, brinstone Aqua vitae, the geneper-oyle, the turpintin and linsat-oyle a 'bove mentioned, and when they are melted, and well corporated put into the same the saltpiter, armoniac, and four parts of serpintin-pouder, and corporate all thighs mixtures together, and a noint the twoa in them till you find it full of the subce of the same. Then let the ocam be all over covered with the first mixtures made for the bullets a bout a finger thickness or more; alwaes tackinge regard that it do agree with the piece out of which you intend to shoot the same, and when the coat of the said bullet is covered, and full of the said mixtures, then wrap it round a bout the bullet, or cross bar, and tee it very well with strong marlin cord, and benge well bound with the said cord, and shot out of a piece of ordnance it will burn with terrible force, and great fury, and water can not quince it, of the which for curiosity as alsoe to know of the operation thereof i made several trials.  
these mixtures needeth not much drienge when they are well corporated over a soft fire, but the outward plaster of twoa of the three, wherewith you are to cover every bullet, and in such sort that presently it may kindle, and give fire to the inner compositiones, to the which when you give it fire, it will burn with great force.  
these bullets are excellent to burn ships, and to by cast into towns to burn houses, theyre execution is of such wonderful force that questionless they will burn an oaken board, and if you cast water upon them the more they will burn, and will make such a wonderful noise able to put the behoulderes in great terror, and specially such as have no understanding of theyre operation, for when the water is cast upon them they shall give a great cry just as if it were of a wild boar, whereof i made several trials wourdie the looking upon, and none of the behoulderes of the same durst stay near in a great distance for the strange operation of the same, and the terror whereunto they put the behoulderes but such as know of the course of theyre operation, which is almost incredible but to such as are a quainted with the same.  
For the better execution of the cross bars and specially be sea they should be made with iron chains fastened to the end that first must by put into the piece which is most excellent to cut sails of ships ropes masts, and to make other great spoils, the figure of which yove see here following where the let C. sheoweth.  
these cross bars are to be coated as before taught and with the self same mixtures, the bullets are alsoe to be coated taking regard that the bullet be made no greater but that it might inter into the piece of ordnance out of which yove mean to shoot the same. And they are to be double bound all round about very well with strong marlin cord, fearing that be the great force of their roaring and wrastling out of the piece the ocam and compositiones, being not well bound should be untied, and tack no effect, which questionless it will except it by very well bound as before declared; of the which i caused myself trial to be made. The figure of thighs bullets and cross bars you see hire marked with the letter C.  
C.   

THE sixth CHAP.  
TO arm a half pike with fire-wourcke to inter or board ships per force or to inter into a trence or baterie or break any order or array where the balls fastened to them shall fall, thighs balls are to be made of light wood of the bigness or somwhate greater than abuter box, and of the very self same making, but that it must be bored with four holes crosswise, and of the greatness that your thom might inter into them, which shall by filled in this manner following.  
Take of the same mixtures and compositiones that was ordained for the artificial canes to which you are to add two parts of rosin and one part of brimstone of the beast, and melt thighs together putting alitle Aqua vitae to them of the strongest yove can find, and bienge well corporated and molten, put the other mixtures over the fire and when they are hot put the molted rosin and brimstone to them, and corporate all together, and being almost could fill your artificial balls therewith as full as they can hold, putting a little of the drieste mixtures and powder in the mouth of each hole of the four, and alitel cotton boiled in gun powder, brandevin and gineper-oyle, and afterwards dried very well, that thereby they may presently kindel fire. That don take as much ocam or tow as will cover or coat them, making aplaster of the same of ahaulfe ence thick or little lesh, this coat or plaster cause to by sod over asofte fire in fine beaten powder to the quantity of four parts, of saltepiter two parts, rosin two parts, armoniacke half a part, brimstone one part and all thighs being first beaten into powder let them be wet in brandevin and giniper-oyle and well corporated together, then take as much ocam as will cover them as before declared, and when all thighs mixtures are well corporated and dried over asofte fire, then spread them upon the ocam with which yove intend to coat your ball and put on the same to the thickness of half anence or little lesh of the said mixtures and wrapp the same round about the ball and let it be tied very well with marlin cord, and when all this is done take a piece of gunpoder match being well handled and dried, and bind it in several parts of the ball that in touching the same with your ordinary match it will presently kindle fire, and without delay and it will bigin to burn with a most wonderful flame and terrible noise that it will put the behoulderes in great terror; and if it fall upon aboard or any other thing apt to kindle fire it will burn it into aeishes, and alsoe the cover that goes about the same: the terror whereunto thighs balls do put the behoulderes of them when they burn is uncredible but to such as do see the same, whereof jmade several proofs and found it so that no body durst stay near, thighs half pikes sometimes are armed with skubbes made of fire wourcke which alsoe are good to offend or defend, thighs balls and half pikes are of rare executiones which draught yove see hire under marked with the letter D.  
D.  
A prudent and brave conductor of aforecaste considerasion, bienge determined with military prudence, and resolution of his and of his souldiores valour to fall on any execution most commonly they are wont to have good sucesses, to which effect many stratagems and military prudence is required. And bienge in the field and resolved to give battle or at jest to dommadge or put the enemy in great terror; Very necessary it were to by provided with bullets cross bars and iron chains armed with wild fire to by shut out of great ordnance, the which in such ocasiones, as also in sea servicees are of rare execusiones bienge prudently armed and manadged, by one of perfect judgement and long practice in this art. these bullets or cross bars bienge shoot out of great ordnance in the front of abattell or of an army in areasonable near distance are of wonderful executiones, and specially iron chains and cross bars They are alsoe good to cut the tackle of ships shrouds masts yards top masts sails, etc. The draugh of which bullets yove see hire following where the draught with the letter A. sheoweth. And how to chain them together when yove put them into a piece of ordnance.  
And the draught with the letter B. sheoweth how the same flieth trough the air when it is discharged out of a piece of ordnance, and who it spreadeth a sunder, in some execusiones they are armed with artificial fire-wourckes to burn towns, ships, the quarteres of the enemy as also their store houses or magasenes which cross bars are envented for that purpose and bienge prudently handled and armed by one of perfection in fire wourckes i am assured that if they fall into any thing apt to kindle fire without delay they shall burn and kindle fire, for often times i made trial of their operasion and uncredible force and terror and often times to try their nature and course of their execution i caused to cast water upon them, notwithstanding they burn with the more vehemence and terror, and when the water is cast upon them they give such aterrible noise wourdie the admiringe and burn with such force.  
these half pikes are armed another manner of way with fire-wourcke, that is to say take apece of the strongest canvas yove can find as big, or of the greatness yove think fit for your purpose, and fashionige the same as yove shall see here following be the figure marked with the letter E. This piece of canvas yoveshall cause to be dobbed in molten colofonia and when it sukes i noghe of the liquor take it up and put aforme into the same or fill itt with dry sand, and when it is dry cast the sand out and fill it of the receit made for the artificial canes. But that they must be mingled with two parts more of rosin, and ahaulfe part of brimstone, which must by smelted over asofte fire, and corporate the same and the other composiciones together, and fill the said canvas with them, being well fastened with marlin cord and the half pike trouge the midel of the same as the draught following sheoweth, and in the mouth of this scuibb yove are to put a quantity of very dry mixtures, and some powder, that without delay it may kindle fire, the execution of this instrument is execellent to board ships, to burn sails, to inter atrince or anay narrow place, or to break any order or array, if yove please yove may fasten or sticken into the said scuibb in degrees light pipes or canes of iron or brace of five enches long, being of apistol or caliver boar, placing the touch hole thereof towards the out ward side of the mixtures, being well bound to the pike so that it doth not fall, at jest till the execution be finished, and let the touch holes be primed with good powder; also yove may put abullet into each one of thighs pipes, being charged with good powder, and well handled they will do great execution.  
E.  
To arm half pikes with fire-wourcke, which is rare to burn sails of ships or to board or inter per force into ships or assaults, trinches or any narrow place, they are both good in many defensive and offensive occasiones be sea and land, they are to be filled with the self same receit before taught, and alsoe coated in the self same manner. For executiones at night to inter into a trince or fort, per force they are of most rare executiones, and douptless they shall put the enemy into great terror by reason of the fury, terrible noise, and force of their flame, in the executiones of patarres and camisadas they are wonderful good, being recomended to the charge of brave Souldieres of approved valeor and resolute determinationes, for douptless they will put the enemy into great terron, for sudden ex ecutiones in trinches or breaches at night they are wonderful good. The figure of their draught you may see hire under set down, as marked with the letter F.  
F.  
For to offend or defend in diverses occasiones of importance you may arm a halbarde with a device of fire-wourcke in the self same manner as before taught to arm pikes. And with the self same mixtures and coated, with the like coatinge as before taught for the arming of pikes, to which you may bind with copper wire three or four short pipes like caliver barreles, of six or seven enches long made of brace, and loaden with powder and bullet, as the draught by the letter G. sheoweth; which alsoe being plase betwixt pikes is good for several ocasiones of service; you may alsoe arm targetes in the self same manner which for very many executiones in war are good, and let none be ingnorante that thighs engines of fire-wourcke, being well and curiously handled do put the enemy in wonderful terror, and specially in sudden occasiones, and stratagems used often times at night.  
G.   

THE SEAVENTHE CHAP.  
THe figure following being armed and well ordered is ofrare execution in narrow or straight places, either to ofende or defend, and are very necessary in many ocasiones be sea and land; On the two shoulders whereof you may arm two scubbes filled with the receipts before taught, and in the inner part of the instrument, which is made of iron for this purpose which you see by the figure following and goeth cross the pike, you may put five pipes of iron or brace prepared and made for that purpose, and that each of them be of eight or nine enches long, and so great in the boar as a pistol barrel, which are to be fastened with nails and copper wire, and to charge them with good powder bullet and wad, that done you may cause them to give fire one after on other, in laying all a longhste the touch holes a piece of fine linenge clath filled with fine powder, and wet in gineper-oyle, that the fire may take her course by degrees; so that the said pipes shall shout one after a nother as you would desire it to do, (either quick or slow;) Advertifinge that the lining wherein you put the powder to give fire to the touch holes is to be well fastened or bound yuste upon the touch holes with marlin cord, so that the course of theyre execution may tack effect in just the due time ordained, the which in giving fire to the first the rest will discharge one after an other.  
During which time the two scubbes placed on the two shoulders of the instrument, being fired will burn; during the time of the execution of thighs pipes, and rather more, and will yielded a great flame, the compositiones that goes to this instrument are the self same before taught for to arm scubbes, so that this instrument being handled by one that is skilful and curious in this art, the execution whereof is wourdie the behouldinge, and shall see who orderly shall those five shottes discharge one after an other, either quick or flow, as the curious understander of this wourcke will have the same to be, (so acordingely shall he put the proportion required for the execution he desireth) the draught of this instrument sheoweth the letter H. hire after.  
In ocasiones of triumph you may cause other pipes or canes greater than thighs to by made of the greatness of the boar of an arcabuse de crock, and of fiftine inches long in the barrel, which being filled in this manner following, is worthy to by admired, fill each of the said canes as followeth first take a caliver shot of powder, and charge the first cane therewith, then beat upon the same a stop or wad of fine cotton boiled in powder brandevin and petrol-oyle, then fill upon the same to the quantity of a good musket shot of the mixtures made for the artificial canes, and upon the same a stoppel of cotton as before taught then amusket shot of powder, then fill the rest of the cane or barrel to the mouth of the mixtures made for the artificial canes, and take heed that you do not beat them hard upon the powder and see that thighs mixtures be very dry, for being so required for this execution, and observe the self same order for the filling of the rest of the canes and all along the mouth of thighs put apiece of lining full of fine stamped powder wet in gineper-oyle and brandevin and see that it be very well fastened just upon the mouth of thighs canes, that no fire can touch the same, but that which is ordained as before taught: so in giving fire to the first cane or barrel, the rest in order one after another will discharge, and each of thighs bareles or canes shall yielded two shoots and aflame, which shall endure but very short, the mixtures required for this execution is of that which is made for the artificial canes the draught of this instrument sheoweth the letter H. advertising that thighs mixtures are to by very dry and apt to kindle fire, and in theyre putinge to the barrel to beat them very soft for being so required.  
H.   

THE eight CHAP. To arm a rows with artificial Fire-wourckes.  
Ahies' artificial arrows being shoot out of great ordnance are good to burn houses, or in campaina they are alsoe good to burn the enemy's quarter, the manner who to arm them is to tack apiece of strong canvas boiled alitle in colofonia and to fill the same with the compositiones before thaughte to arm half pikes, and that it be well bound to the arrows with marlin cord, for the due proportion length and weight of thighs arrows is required the assistance of acuriouse matematisian, or of one of good judgement in giving the necessary instructiones for the making of them, several manner of ways, some to pearche ships from side to side either above or under water, otheres to be shoot afar of to burn houses or quarteres, great curiosity and perfect judgement is required for the several manner of ways which thighs arrows are to be handled and made acording to there several executiones, some are made to burn the ammunition of powder in ships if they chance hit the same and which will pearche any ship from side to side and are of far greater execution than your bullets the draughe whereof the letter I. sheoweth.  

I.    

THE NINTHE CHAP. To arm artificial instruments ordained in potes made of mettle filled with composisiones and mixtures of fire-wourcke, to burn of asodaine ships gates bridges palisadoes or any other combustible thing apt to kindel fire.  
TAke four parts of rosin, one part of armoniak four parts of salpiter three times refined, a half part of bay sault, all which cause to by beaten into powder, then take one part of linsatt-oyle, of the fat of a hoge one part, then cause all thighs composisiones to be mingled together and put them in apott made for that purpuse over asofte fire, and let them boil till they corporate well, and then take them up, and put into them one part of camfire, and three parts of musket powder and mingell them well together, and put them over asofte fire till they corporate well, then take them up and put to them small pices of gun-pounder match made of fine cotton and boiled in fine beaten powder, strong brandevin and juniper oil or petroll-oyle, then take four parts of colofonia and cause it to be beaten into powder, and let it be mingled with the rest mixtures. Then cause the instrument or pot made for this purpose to be filled till you come to the thirde part of the pot or instrument, that done take of the other mixtures without colofonia, and fill the rest of the instrument with them, and on the upermoste part of all put of the drieste mixtures, and let them be so dry that they by apt to kindle fire, and in the very mouth of the instrument cause to be put a quarter of an ence of powder and of the beast, and sticken to the same apiece of gunpowder match some four inches deep into the instrument and cause itt to be well covered with apiece of canvas till time of execution, so that water nor fire can touch the mixtures nor the powder. And when occasion shall ofrer to give it fire, do but touch the gunpowder match with your ordinary match, and it will presently kindle fire, yea and much sooner than powder, to which effect this gunpowder match is made of purpose.  
these instruments in times of execution they have theyre strong chains of iron that they may by bound and fastened, to the place of theyre execution, so that they do not fall, nor that the enemy may use any endustrie to cut or put them of; so that the execution may take effect. It were very good, for the security of their execution to arm two or three artificial canes on both sides of them, which are ro be rocomended to people of brave spirits, and of approved valeor and determination.  
these compositiones when they bigin with theyre execution theyre operation and execution is most rare; advertising that they must be put in to iron or brass pots made for that purpose, as the figure following sheoweth, and also with theyre strong iron chains, for in putting thighs compositiones into veseles of wood questionless the force of this fire will burn them at an instant, which for curiosity, and alsoe to know the operation of this fire, y caused trials to by made, and found that thighs instruments made of wood did presently burn, and consume into aieshes, and was sooner consumed then the matter that was put into the same, be reason of the wonderful force of the fire of the said compositiones, which rare and wonderful brief execution is worthy the admiringe, the ordering and figure of the said instruments you see hire under where the letteres K. L. M. sheoweth.  
K.  
L.  
M.  
The receipts wherewith fire-wourck instruments are armed in finding theyre operation slow, you are to augment them with dry mixtures apt to kindel fire, as powder, saltpetre, brimstone, armoniac, and migell them well together, and let them be corporated with the sloe mixtures in their due proportion, Also the mixtures you find quick and apt to burn, and do not endure, acording as theyre execution requireth you are to augment them with a little slow mixtures, as linsat-oyle, turpentine, colofonia, rosin, and wax, but great consideration, and curiosity is required in put them in their due proportion.  
An artificial bawl of fire wourcke being discharged out of a piece of ordnance in a clear day can not by discerned nor seen till it declines to the earth, But being shot out of a piece of ordnance at any mark in a dark night, may by perceived, and specially when it begins to decline out of his right course or line, and the more dark the night is, when it is discharged out of a piece of ordnance the better you may discern it; but in the begining of the range or line you can not see it so perfect as when it begins to decline to the earth, which i have tried at the leaguer of Breda, the night a pointed for the triumph done for the regaininge of that place.  
If for curiosity you would have a ball made with wild fire to burn within the water, let the coat thereof first burn a little before you cast it into the water, so that it gives fire to the compositiones there in ordained for his execution, which being fired, (to wit) that part or parts where in the vent is, being filled with air doth cause the other parts of the same to shume and burn a 'bove the water, with a wonderful noise admirable to the behoulderes.  
The balls made for this purpose are light, and if you put them into a piece of ordnance, being loaden with the ordinary powder required for the execution of the same, in their roaring and wrastling of this ball it will burst unto pieces; So that for to shout bullets or balls out of great ordnance armed with fire wourcke the cross bars now of late invented is the beast, the manner of arming and coatinge thighs bullets and cross bars, i have set down before, who and with whate compositiones, which are of rare executiones by sea and land, being well ordered by one of perfect judgement in this art.  
I have alsoe put down neowe invented cross bars to be shot out of great ordnance, which being armed as before taught, are excellent to burn towns, and the enemy's quarteres, and iam well assured that no comprabell device, for that purpose was as yet invented, neither to by shoot in the front of a battle, i mean those cross bars invented with chains for being discharged out of a piece of ordnance in a reasonable near distance in the front of a battle, or any order or array, I doupte not that it is the beast invention, that hase been divised as yet for that purpose, the enemy being a reasonable distance of; But the enemy being very near at hand the cartadges and bags filled with musket bullets, nails pieces of brocken iron, pieces of chains, which being shoot out of great ordnance are of wonderful executiones, being handled by prudent and curious gunneres of perfect judgement, and long practice in this art.  
The draught marked with the letter N. sheoweth how the said cross bar shall be put into the piece; and the letter O. sheoweth how the same flieth violently trough the air, and how it spreadeth a sunder when it is shot out of the piece, giving a terrible noise in his motion and range.  
N.  
O.  
The draught marked with the letter P. sheoweth how this other cross bar is to be put into the piece, and when it is discharged the letter Q. sheoweth how it spreadeth a sunder, and flieth with great violence in his line and range.  
P.  
Q.   

THE TENTHE CHAP. treating of the confines of a Kingdom, as alsoe of the good laws to by observed in the same, and of many necessary instructiones thereunto apertaininge, and who the same is to by fortified and strong by art, or by nature, or by both.  
SUch as are desirous to be couriose and expert in warlike afaires it importeth that they be of good judgement in fortificasiones, as well to offend as to defend; Notwithstanding that for this purpose in all kingdoms and states are elected ingineres a luinge them a good pinsion: Yet such as are of long practice in war, and do aplie themselves well in hope to by advanced, by their a proved good parts and suficiencie ought to exercise themselves in fortificationes, bienge very necessary in own who profesed to be expert in this art of war, and know how to intrinch and fortify himself in many ocurrantes in open field, how to cut a trince to win a town or any strong place: As also to know how to draw the plot of town's forts and castles, and also in knowing all necessaries for the defence thereof, and to know how to prevente the stratagems to be feared of his enemy.  
Douptless thighs things are of great consideration, for the strength of akingdome consisteth much in being well fortified, together with the quantity and quality of his subjects, and in the good quality of his dominion and country: Those princes and Reepublikes are judged mighty and strong, which in their kingdoms and states do mountain good religion, good laws and good arms, and do exercise the same, and do enjoy wholesome air, fertile ground and natural strength, with such other conveniente comodities thereunto required; To by understood that all countries are strong by nature or by art or by both; By nature they are strong when they are inviored with the sea round about, or on part thereof, or backed with marrasses or riveres, and those to be strong by art, and in their frontieres' nexte adjoining and places most conveniente to have towns castles and fortresses fortified by art. All confines are either maritime or mediterraneall or both the one and the other, whether they are montanouse places or in plain campaina, or do participate of the one and the other, if they by mediterraneall it must by viewed and considered on whate part the enemy might come to offend the same, and where he might most comodiouse come to atempte, And it is alsoe to be considered on whate parts he might make his inroads, and retire a gain with safety, and whether their by any situation which being fortified by the enemy might molest or a noy the country nexte adjoining: If the confines of the kingdom by maritime or on the sea coast, all the coast and circuide of the same are to by viewed and remarcked, that prevention might be taken in due time, in as much as may possible to hinder the enemy's imbarcasion, in the places most fit for the same; Yea and in all places which might by suspected (if it be possible) for the better security of the kingdom or state, but in some kingdoms the circuide and places on the sea coast are so great that hardly all can be fortified, and so the enemy arivinge with a mighty army, and might be in a place little suspected, may put the kingdom and country in great peril and danger, as was seen by the spanish navy at the conquest of portugal, when they landed near cascales in a place never thought upon by the portugeses, so that they found themselves deceived, thinking that the disembarcation should have been betwixt the cittis of Lisboa and Sangilians castle, where they stoude fortified in their trinches, with determination to hinder the disembarcation of the spanish navy, but he landed in aplace far better for his purpose, and of much lesh danger, which was on the other side of cascales towards the north little taught of by the portuges, so that it is taught that sea coasts are with great cost and difficulties defended, thouge their be many places strong by nature or by art; And for asmuche as their be diveres and variable qualities of confines, and hardly any rules to be given for their proporsiones, nor whate distance from frontier to frontier, it must be presumed that the confines of akingdom doth hold some corespondance with the circuide of a cittis, in fortifienge whereof the bulwarks are of the most importante memberes, the which most commonly are put in the places where they can most offend the enemy, and defend themselves, and the place, regarding due distance in such sort, that the one may defend the other in as much as may by with their artillery and small shot. And in like manner the curtines and 
N. I.  flanks betwixt bulwarck and bulwarck, with other conciderationes thereunto apertaininge, and even so the forts to be made in the frontieres' are to hold the like proportion and correspondance with the confines of the country as do the bulwark with the curtines of acittis or strong place, the one to be placed so near and in due distance unto the other, that they may asiste and socour one another, and in such parts that they may damnify the enemy, and defend themselves in as much as can be possible.  

Num. I.  
THe places bienge viewed and found apt to receive offence by the enemy, and also to offend him, it is necessary to fortify the same as well upon the sea coasts as the inland with strong fortificationes, taking good advice and careful consideration in choisinge the situation thereof, whether it by on plains or hills or marittim, or consisting of all the three, understanding that the circuide of the place or fortification is to have aconveniente space round about (neither to much nor to little for many respects.) The situasiones in plains, are strong which are invioroned with deep lakes great moors great riveres, and such as may by sunk under water in time of necessity, as in Holande and Zelande, and such as have acampaina raza or plain, sufficient distant from all things that might over command the same. The situation that is upon a hill, that is strong that standeth on the most high part thereof, and all underlaied with natural rocks round about, not having near it any superior nor equal moante, as is the castle of lisburne. For all situationes which have a dificulte access are strong when they can not be offended from other adjoininge moantes and the much more stronger when it is not minable. All strong places most commonly are won either be force of arms, battery, treason, surprice, or by long beseedginge, or by assault, scalinge, or underminige: The maritime situationes are strong when they are compassed by the sea, or part thereof, and the rest divided from the main by great and deep ditches as is the castle of sand Jean in Portugal, who hath on the shore side a deep ditch digged upon a rock, and the main sea on the other side, or buitlte upon the top of some rock with the said comodities, as is the penon of veles or the castle of cascales in Portugal. Cities and towns are made strong by nature and industry of those by nature we have all ready spoken in the strength of situationes: Cities by industry are strong by the form and by the matter, strong by the matter when they have thick walls, great terraplenos, broad and deep ditches. By the form they are strong when it is framed in such sort that the most fardeste and all quarteres may have corespondance to offend the enemy with the cannon and fiery shot. Of this sort are those which do most near a proach, unto the sircular figure but with good regard of the due lardgnes and proportion of the curtines, and equal distance from bulwark to bulwark.  
Their intereth amongst thighs all towns and strong forts consisting of five, six seven, eight, nine, or ten ravelinges, and curtines, by directe line, and who many more angels, so much the better the four anguled of all is the weakeste. It is to be understood that small places of themselves are weak because they can not so sufuciently resist any excessive battery, and other offences as great places may which have room capable enough to raise defences and necessary rampires and horn wourkes, a gainste any great force, neither ought they to be so large that the circuide thereof would require awhole army to defend itt.   

Num. II.  
THe fortificationes of cities and castles is principally grounded a gainste the offence of great ordnance, and alsoe defended with the same and with other fiery weapon: It is to be considered that the artillery is divided and differensed into greatness or Zices Royal, and into lesher zices.  
Of the zice Royal is that piece that shooteth of seavintine pound upwarde, as is the culverrin the quarter cannon: the demi cannon, the cannon and double cannon, the pedrero basalisco and such like. And for the lesser zice the diference is to be understood that all pices that shoot bullet from seavintine pound weight downwards as is the demiculverin, the saker, the minnon, the falcon and falconett even to the rabinet and arcabuse de crock.  
The bulwarks are upon the angles or corneres of the form of the city or fort, and of such distance and due proportion, as shall seem to the skilful Engineer, and they ought to by made optouse or blunt, and not sharp, for so they are more strong and capable.  
The parts of the bulwark are the travesses or flanks orechion, pum, guard, or shoulder, the front or curtain, the conter-fronte or spurs, the pestilles or parapettoes, the place or room for the artillery. The bulwarks as i said are placed within the angles where place is to be made ready for the artillery, and to mount the same in such a height, that it may discover the camp or circuid on every where in at much as is possible.  
It is to by considered that the curtines of the bulwark shall stand in such sort that they may be touched or beaten from the first corner from whose flank or traves it taketh his defence, and the line or point is to be taken some whate more from the flanker, and in such distance agreeable to the greatness of the bulwark, so acording to the greatness of the same, the measures are to by increased or deminised, observing the due proportion required; It is necessary to make in the bulwarks certain issues, the which are made in the part that looketh towards the flanker or travess, thighs are most necessary to put men out for the ditch. The conterfortes and apertenances of the bulwarck, have alsoe their measures and proportiones, the which i leave to avoid prolixity, and because that they may by more or lesh acording the discretion and plates of the curious and perfect Engineer. The Cavallero within side adjoining to the curtain in the mideste of them are builded, and from such Cavalleroes are the curtines or walls of the bulwark defended, and alsoe the field, and for this cause are the bulwarks wont to by made, and to raise them so high, that they may discover well the places of theyre executiones.   

Num. III.  
THe gates or ports of a town city or fort, are to by placed in parts, most comodiouse for the service of the same, both in peace and war, conveniente to receive in, or to put out people most safe and sure from all offences (in as much as can by) the gate must have his drawn bridge made of strong timber and yrones necessary for the same, it is to be reasonable broad for the commodity of the wagones' and artillery, and very strong, if theyre by no more than one drawn bridge or gate let them not be directe. Necessary it where that no high wales nor hedges of gardens, nor ochardes nor such like by permitted on the outward parts of the gates or walls of any city or place of importance; and a distance of 600. pases, but all razed and made plain on all the circuide round about, which do often times serve for ashelter to the enemy to approach of asuddaine near the walls, that they can not by discerned, till they come into the ditch, by reason that trees and hedges do shelter them, by which means many places of importance are soon lost.  
The terra plena is the only remedy against the fury and execution of the artillery, and is to by made with in, and behind the wall close to the same; and the cavallers and bulwarks ought to by made in such fort, that the wall bienge fallen, the same might remain and stand like almighty mount against the enemy, and should by made of such fast and massy earth (that it cromble slip nor roll not, and so fall down) as do many fortificationes made of runinge sand; the height and bread thereof ought to by such as the commodity and seat will require: All thighs things are the memberes of a fortification, the which how much more fit and proporsionally they by placed about the body of acittis or place of importance, so much doth it make the same more strong and beautiful.   

Num. IU.  
Thighs conciderationes duly had, and resolution taken, than Aploott must be drawn with conveniente rules and measures to reduce the cittis forte or place to the beast form that may by, with as little ruin or defeatinge of houses or churches as can be, plasinge the bulwarks, and cavalleres and other edifices conveniente to their seats and purpose in the place most fit for the same, and that to be done with as little loss to the inhabitants as may be possible. Resolution taken upon the design form and greatness that the place or fortress is to have, he is to fortify the feobleste part or parts thereof first, and the apteste to by offended. The fortification well fortified and finished, it is necessary that it be furnished with a conveniente garrison of souldiores for the better security and defence thereof, for otherwise it were like a body without a soul (and beside this) if it have not provision of all sorts of vitualles, artillery and munitiones, and of all arms defencive and offensive in good and sufficient store, and of shoules spades mattokes pickaxes, saws, hameres, iron, sledges, bars of iron, nails, ropes, etc. And many other necessaire instruments to work in earth, or in walls or in stones or in tember, and alsoe in water, mandes, basketes, hand barrows and wheel barrows, planks, beams, stakes, watlinges gabiones, and other things at batteries and beseedginge, without the which it is impossible to repair and intrinche against batteries asaultes and other ofences of the enemy, all which belongs to the office care and duty of the general of the artillery: to see them provided in every town or place of any importance within the realm, as also all other places which stands for the defence and safety of the same.  
these fortificationes we treat of are very costely, and hardly to by performed but by a mighty Prince, and specially such as are made with brike stone good earth and thurff, as is the castle and cittis of Anwourpe, Gante, and sand Gilian in Portugal, and the castle of Milan, and sundry otheres the lick, are hardly brought to perfection but with expense of millones, so now adays all places are fortified with earth and thurff only, as is for the most part the great town of Gante, Mastrick, Dam, ostend, Hulste and many more places in the low countries, as Sluse, Weasel and the town of Breda, which have endured such gallant batteries, sufficient to wear out a great and mighty prince, both in his power and purse, which was to be seen in the famous siege and regaininge of Breda, where all Kings and Princes in Cristendom for the most part on both sides, sheowed their forces and might, not withstanding it was won by the invencible power of that mighty Monarch the Catholic King of Spain, trough his great might and power, acompanied with the prudent brave conduction and military industry of his renoomed General Marques Spinola, and many brave Captains and souldiores, together with the incomporable power love and unity of his faithful and renoomed lubjectes of the united provinces of the low countries, to their great glory and honour, and so spread abroad and related by many auctores to their and predecessores great fame and renoome of perpetual memory to all posterity, whereof to relate it were tedious, and incredible to such as have not seen the same, with so many thousand of wagones' full of all sorts of vitualles and amunisiones coming every day, where might by perceived the love and great encomparable might of his united subjetes of the united provinces. All which i have seen and this town of Breda inviorened with adoble trince round about some five leagues with very many forts and redutes, all which was finished in very feowe days with earth and fagotes. In fine such fortificasiones may serve to good purposes and endure sufficiently, being well and ingeniously made and of good earth, and carefully remended in due time, and when any piece of the same should fall or decay, presently to be repaired and made up.   

Num. V.  
ALL strong places of importance are to be well fortified within as also on the outward parts, and great consideration ought to by taken that the enemy may not a proach to the walls or gates, without being discovered before they may come to execute their intent, for which in all strong holds and places of importance, most commonly, are placed on the outward parts rounds and centeries, and places for their defence and retreat, with such consideration and prevention, that the enemy do not a rive unknown to the desired place of their execution as related by their spies, without first being spied out in due time be the outward cinteries and rounds, so that all the rest may have time to by all in arms, and each company to repair in time with speed, with the first advice or alarm to their culoures, and there in all readdines to repair where they shall be commanded by the Comaunder or Governor of the place. advertising that for many conciderationes no company ought to repair or budge without order of the Governor or Sardgente-Mayor, for fear of inconveniences and secret corespondance. To see thighs and many more ocurrantes in war prevented, it is most necessary that the Governor and Sardgente Mayor do lodge as near possible to the place of arms or meaine guard, so that urgent ocasiones may by prevented in due time, and with all speed as occasion shall require, the cintery perdue and outward rounds ought to be chosen of vigilant and brave souldiores, advertising that the rounds ought still to go forward, and very scilente, and to make no alto nor stays as some careless rounds do, and that for the great trust and care refered to their charge; to see thighs well ordered and fulfiled, the Governor and Sardgente-Mayor by turns should go the round, and finding the rounds and cinteries not accomplishing their obligationes to see them severely punished.  
Such fortificationes as are planted on hills or high rokes, great consideration ought to by taken for their due defence, though the asendinge of such places by dificculte, yet it were good they should by compassed with double palisadoes for their better security, and with a parapet made of thurff or brick at the foot of each of them, and way for the round betwixt them and the wall.   

Num. VI  
FOr the more security of castles and strong places are most commonly planted in their front haulfe-mounes open on the inward side, in which for their better security, is wont of right to be agarde every day and night, under which shelter the gates of the town or castle are made for their better security from the fury of the great ordnance, as also for other respects, and that they may discover the enemy, and hinder their designs. It is very requisite that the fosso or ditch be deep and broad enough, and that the curtines be of good height that without great dificulte it can not be scaled.  
For the better asurance of all strong places, it is necessary that they by well provided with strong and vigilant watches, and for many good respects that no company which shall inter the watch shall know their a pointed place till the very time that the watch is set (or alitle before) for fear of treason by some provooked by interes, or proceeding trough afrontes, or great injuries received from the Governor touching their reputasion or honour or means.  
It also may proceed of some of bad goverment and inclinationes, for which cause they are not preferred nor advanced, it may alsoe by invented by burgeres, who bienge overmuch oppressed with tyranny, and finding no conveniente remedy nor justice executed for heinous facts and disorderes commited, do procure treasons and revoltes.  
N. VII.   

Num. VII.  
THe security of strong holds and fortresses dependeth of the good order and vigilance of the Governores and rest ministers of the same, and that, as well within as without side both by policy and Military Discipline, in ministering good justice betwixt the inhabitants and souldiores, and in ordaininge a good and vigilant watch, and to be well provided of all necessaries in due time. And preventing the stratagems and plots of the enemy in as much as can be, having always an eye towards the burgeres and souldiores, concideringe their humores condisiones and fidelity, their should by always secret spies to learn of their estate and humores, and whate they comunicate in secret and public, and finally their actiones and inclinasiones, and to have good regard of such strangeres as do arrive into such places, if they be people well known or not faithful or suspected.  
In the ocurrantes and courses of war, great and many are the considerationes required in the general of an army, and in his counsel of war, in prudently preventing many materes of great importance, of present and future ocationes (with aforcaste prudent prevention) which otherwise bienge induced (do often fall out to the great discomodity of his Majesty's service) in atemptes of many honourable interprises and incounteres, to the great decay of Military Discipline, which by daily experience we see, that for want of prudente conductores of care trust and fidelity, many honourable interprises are lost, resulting of the little perfection of many Officeres.  
A matter wourdie to be noted examined and prevented for the due ordering of future ocasiones, of whate resulteth that so many old and experimented souldiores of the late reformasiones in germany and low country went on the contrary side to the great discomodity of the house of austria, sense which time who many millones were consumed in raising of neowe levies and recrutes for the furtherance of the wars of the low countries, yea to my judgemte as much as might entertain an invincible army of old and experimented souldores, duly paid and satisfied. By daily experience we see that thighs neowe levies for the most part, in ocasiones of service feowe were found to asiste; which i have noted and pitted often times, for bienge so great alet to his Majesty's service: The Omnipotent enlighten his Majesty's faithful minister in preventing in due time the conveniente course of a matter of so great importance: And agreate enemy for the unprofitable consuming of his Majesty's treasure and Indies. Let none think that i disalue recrutes and reforsinge of companies in their due time and conveniente course, profitable to his Majesty's service. undeniable it is that an army well disciplined ordered contended, and conducted with prudent and brave comaunderes, though lesher in number are by all reason masteres of the victory, which all auctores that wrote of this art do afirme, and by daily experience we find to be true.  
The repose and security of a Kingdom or state depends for the most part in observing good laws, good wars, and continual practice of Military Discipline, whereof their are very many probable examples, as plainly happened to Anibal that renoomed Captain of war, and to the invincibel romans that at length in neglecting Military Discipline and exercise of arms was cause of their perdition; and when they jest feared of any a tempes of their enemy, and that resulting for biengc wholly given to vice, regality and repose, and forgetful of all Military exercise.  
Happy is that Kingdomme where good laws and good discipline is in continual use and exercise, and always ready for the prepared vice and malice of their enemy, ready for the alarm when it shall present, which often happen when we jest think upon. Happy is the Prince, and renoomed the General who prudently doth prevente the prepared malice and stratagems of their enemy and of future ocasiones.  
I doupte not but those of perfection and deep judgement in the art of war shall both admire and comende the extraordinary pains taken for the due ordering of this wourke and in explicatinge and putting to light many deep curiosities of rare importance in the office of the Sardgente-Mayor, and ingienes of Firewourkes, as also the due and prudent ordering of several sorts of weapons manadged in war. All which with their neowe invented impalinge of shot and wings, and their singular order to fight, as also other deep curiosities of this art which were leifte in obscurity by many auctores who wrote of this profession. And that to disperte the ingeniouse wits of those inclined to learn the rare and deep curiosities of Military science, that they may imitate them (in optaininge their desire) with long and continual practice and good aplicationes, which now i reduced to light in as much as military science, the rules of mathematic and aritmeticke can afforded, with their general rules proofs, proporsiones and tables, neowly invented for that purpose, plainly showing the reasons of each particular, briefly declared in the tables of the battles, and in several figures cut in copper and wood plates: Not douptinge but those of perfect judgement in the deep and rare curiosities of this art will comende the same, and a firm that as yet no auctor did explicate more plain nor better of many particularities leifte in obscurity in Firewourkes and specially in the office of a Sardgente mayor, which now are redused into the perfect form ordained for their executiones in as much as military science and the general rules of the same can afourde. So that such as are couriouse and inclined to continual good aplicasiones, and determined by virtue prudente carriage and perfection in Military Discipline to by advanced may in short time learn all the particularities in the office of a Sardgente Mayor, leifte in obscurity by many auctores; Which now in this wourcke are plainly brought to light in as much as military science can afourde or declare, which is not obtained by vain glory nor here say.  
But rather with long and continual practice and aplicationes in the theoric and practice of war; with intent and desire to enlighten my beloved countrymen and otheres, that they may know how to acomplishe their obligationes with prudence and authority, and aplee themselves with care and affection, in learning this noble art of war, and not to be inclined to i delnes and bad examples, guarded with malice, invy, puffinge pride and rude ingnorance, overcaste with afaulse physiognomy and aneowe malisiouse conterfet countenance, enemy to virtue, truth, plain dealings and good examples. But rather by virtue and good aplicasiones wound the hearts of railing spirits full of ambision and changing dispositiones, misled with blind malice, venomous and slanderouse tongues, harboured in their cancored hearts, full of crucked dealings and invy, subject to afrontes and vices, of bad life and bad end, but honourably to imitate and follow the steps of those inclined to virtue and continual good aplicationes.    

THE CONCLUSION.  
GEntle reader consider that virtue and continual good aplicationes and plain dealings is a presiouse guel, and most commonly are wont to have good proceedings, and finish with a happy end.  
Suficiente examples our Irish nation gave now of late for to imitate virtue plain dealings and good religion, By divine power bestowed, on that noble and renoomed colonel Butler, in prudently preventing the treachery and prepared malice of Valstene and his Counseleres against the house of Austria. Which the omnipotent bestowing on him that special grace, and that to be taught resulting of the undeniable truth, and plain dealings of his, and his predecessores, and of his renoomed Captains and souldiores that were with him in that honourable enterprise of perpetual memory.  
Plainly might it by understoude that thighs Irish bienge so feowe in number, that for the executing of so great, so dangerous, and almost unespected and impossible act of arms. (That it must by a gift bestwoed of the divine power, for the benefit of truth and virtue of theirs (and predecessores) still groundinge and observing true religion and vertouse life, so that they warded this renoomed warrior Valstene with ablowe of his mortal end, with abucler inviorened with divine defence, and prosperity to the house of Austria, and of perpetual renoome and glory to our Irish nation. The omnipotent enlighten us to imitate the undeniable true dealings, virtue and resolute determination of thighs famous warrieres, and otheres of this nation, inclined to virtue and good examples. So that rooted rancour of invy, slanderouse railing tongues and croucked malicious dealings may not take place, in equallinge themselves with the honourable observeres of truth, virtue, good aplicationes, and Military Discipline. But rather banish those inclined to the wicked vice of inny, mother of mischiefs and base inclinationes, resulting of barbarous proud blind ingnorance, enemy to virtue truth and good proceedings, subject to quarrels, bakbitinge, murmuring, disgraces, and bad examples, a penetrater of ranckored hearts, of unconsiderate understanding, little fearing God or man, of little conscience or reputation, daily decayenge and falinge unto many odious crimes and disgraces, enemy to friendship and accord, subject to afrontes and vices, of bad life and bad end; And which of all things is most untollerable, and most odious in this noble profession of arms.  
Gentle Reader you see who many good and probable examples set down in many places of this wourcke, (for to imitate virtue) and follow the steps of the renoomed, prudent, and valerouse Soldier, and that in many places you find sufficient examples, how many borne of low degree, and base linadge, have atained unto great degries, dingnity, and fame of perpetual memory, and that resulting of their vertuse carriage, renoomed acts, resolute determinationes, and continual good aplicationes; And by daily experience we see those inclined to vice, unruly facts, and bad examples do fall unto decay, and many disgraces, and are hated by those inclined to virtue, and most commonly such as do not amend do finish their lives with an unhappy and miserable end. So i take leave beseching the Omnipotent to give us the grace, that we may live in his fear with unity and accord, and finish with a happy end. Amen.   
The End of the thirde Book.   

THE CONTENTS OF THIS Wourcke set down in brief.  
IN the first Book are contained the military instructiones necessary to be observed in the noble profession of arms a mongste the Infantry, from a private Soldier, till the election and office of a Campe-master of a Regiment of Infantry.  
The seconde Book treating of the election of a Campe-master general, which nexte to the Captain general is the chief conductor of an army, after follows the election of the Captain general of the Artillery, and finishenge with the office of a Captain general of an army.  
The thirde Book treating of Fire-wourckes of rare executiones by sea and land, and of the confines of a Kingdom, and the good laws to be observed in the same, and how it is to be fortified by art or by nature, or by both, to withstand the enemies a tempts, and the necessary courses convenente to be taken.  


A brife Table of the Chapteres, and most notableste things contained in this wourcke.  
THe I. Chapter declaring the parts required in a private Soldier. fol. 1  
The II. Chapter treating of the election and office of a Corporal of a Company of Infantry. fo. 10  
The III. Chapter declaring the approved parts, and suficiencie of a Sardgente of a Company of Infantry, and how he is to be elected. fo. 12  
The IV. Chapter treating of the election and office of an Ensign Bearer, or Alferis of a Company of Infantry, and the good parts ordained in him. fo. 16  
The V. Chapter treating of the election of a Captain of a Company of Infantry, and many good parts and suficiency required in him. fo. 20  
The VI Chapter treating of the office of a Sardgente mayor, marching with his Regiment to garrison. fo. 29  
The VII. Chapter treating of the office of a Sardgent mayor, marching with his Regiment in campaina. fo. 51  
A discourse of sundry and variable sorts of Squadrones of several sorts of arms with their general rules and proofs with neowe invented breviationes to that effect, in bringing to light many deep curiosities of importance leifte in obscurity by many Auctores; which now are reduced into theyre perfection, as much as military science, and the rules of Mathematic and Arithmetic can a ford, with neowe envented tables and brevasiones of importance. fo. 61  
The election and office of a Campe-master of a Regiment of Infantry, with which finisheth the first Book of this wourcke. fo. 140    


The Table of the seconde Book.  
THe I. Chapter treating of the election and office of a Campe-master general of an army. fo. 147  
The II. Chapter declaring the election, and suficiency required in the Captain general of the artillery. fo. 151  
The III. Chapter mensioninge the Artillery conveniente to by conducted with an army, acording the executiones to by pretended by the General. fo. 154  
The IV. Chapter showing many reasons for the defence and security of a town, city, or fort with necessary instructiones thereunto apertaininge. fo. 158  
The V. Chapter treating of many good parts required in a perfectc Soldier, how would disire to have matteres of importance to by refered to his care and charge, and many good instructiones touching the same. fo. 163  
The VI Chapter treating of the office of a Captain general of an army, and of many good parts and rare suficiency required in a personadge of so high dignity and degree. fo. 165    


The Table of the thirde Book.  
THe I. Chapter treating of patarres, and their several executiones, and how they are manadged, and the compositiones and necessaries required for them, and the stratagems that are to by used for their executiones. fo. 175  
The II. Chapter sheoweth how to make atorche to endure against the force of wind and water with artificial compossiones, which will burn with great vehemence and force, and strange to the behoulderes for the noise and terror of the slaine. fo. 177  
The III. Chapter showing how to arm artificial canes armed with Fire-wourcke, for several execusiones of importance be sea and land. fo. 179  
The IV. Chapter showing how to arm tronckes or canes armed with wild fire, another manner of way. fo. 180  
The V. Chapter treating how to arm artificial bullets, and neowe invented cross bars armed with Firewourkes, declaring how they are to by manadged, and the composiones required for their executiones, and how some are to by used and armed for several execusiones of sea servises, as also by land, to burn towns, or the enemy's quarteres, as alsoe neowe envented cross bars with long chains of iron, to be shot in the front of a battle or any order or array, which bienge prudently handled are of rare execusiones, yea ten times more than your ordinary bullets. concluding with good instrucsiones to follow and imitate the steps of the vertuse, renoomed, prudent and valerouse soldier, and abandon those tach with ugly crimes, and with the wicked rancored vice of envy bad inclinasiones, and bad examples, and the necessary instructiones and probable examples both of the one and the other. fo. 183     

A TABLE OF THE NOTABLESTE THINGS contained in this Book.  

A.  
A Bad and covardly inclination to be givin to quarrels and disputes bienge on the watch. Folio 6  
Abase and odious act in the persuenge of a victory to fall a spoiling till the enemy by wholly yielded and licence granted. Folio 7  
Alferis Oloa his valour and brave determination. Folio 17  
Alferis or ensign bearer is not to give licence to any soldier to leave the company nor put any soldier at liberty without the consent of his Captain or superior Officeres. Folio 16  
An Alferis Tudesco his valour. Folio 17  
A good Christian of vertouse life and good applicationes most commonly is wont to have good succeses. Folio 22  
A necessary thing in war to have some horses in each company of foot for many respects. Folio 22  
Acomendable thing in war to see matteres prudently prevented in due time. Folio 22  
Asouldior ought to conform himself with his host for bienge commendable. Folio 23.  
Agenerouse and loving mind of an officer in war, is highly to by commended. Folio 36  
Alovinge prudent and kind Officer causeth alovinge and obedient soldier. Folio 37  
Abad custom, and not to by tolerated that souldiores do lend their arms. Folio 37  
A perfect Sardgente-Mayor is wourdie to by employed in any execution in war. Folio 40  
Alarm bienge presented, the necessary instructiones. Folio 46  
A soldier of a prudente carriage is wourdie to by esteemed by his Captain. Folio 60  
A Sargente ought to by inclined to continual good aplicationes and examples. Folio 133  
Auditor his election and obligationes. Folio 141  
Arcabusero, a Spanish wourd singnifiethe a souldoure which carrieth acaliver for arms.  
Aguasiill, a Spanish word one tha● doth asiste the executiones of justice.  
Ambuscado, a Spanish word signifying an ambuish.  
Armada, a Spanish word signifieth anavall army of ships of war.  
Alerta, a Spanish word singnifieth that when their is any suspicion of the enemy, the soldiers to by presently ready with their arms in hand.  
Artillery, a Spanish word which we call in English great ordnance.  
Alferis, aspanish word singnifieth an Ensign bearer.  
A dangerous thing the manadging of powder. Folio 151  
Amunitiones of powder led and match are to by put in secure places. Folio 152  
Amater of great emportance to by well provided before hand of all sorts of amunitiones for many respects. Folio 153  
Artillery required for the executions of an army in the field. Folio 154  
A Governor of any place of importance bienge determined to yielded the same covardly, or by means of interese, the necessary prevention. Folio 158  
A prudent conductor of aresolute determination of his and his soldiores are wont to have good successes. Folio 161  
A general inclined to reward all brave actiones in war, agreate comfort to honourable soldiores. Folio 161  
Atilla King of the hunos a proud and cruel man overcomed be Theodorico King of the Burgononos. Folio 162  
Alexander Mangnus bienge young of years begun to govern. Folio 166  
Anibal after triumphing so many victories was overcomed by Scipio Africano. Folio 167  
A rare invention to discover the enemy at night bienge resolved to fall on any piece of service. Folio 178.  
Artificial canes or tronckes armed with Fire-wourck for many rare executiones by sea and land. Folio 179  
Artificial enstrumentes of Fire-wourk armed. Folio 192  
Artificial arrows. Folio 193  
Artificial instruments to burn any combustible thing. Folio 194   

B.  
BAse facsioneres are not to by permitted amongst honourable souldiores. Folio 22  
Barberes necessary instruments in acompani. Folio 26  
Beste ordered and disciplined in war, are most commonly Masteres of the victory. Folio 30  
Bad customs prevented in due time. Folio 37  
Barber his election and what resulteth. Folio 142.  
Baggage and the order given to march. Folio 54.  
Battles of several forms, and their general rules and proofs. Folio 61  
Battle square of men of 464. soldiers. Folio 69.  
Battle square of men of 361. soldiers. Folio 71  
Battle of 576. souldiores Folio 73  
Battle or cross battle of 1416. men. Folio 67  
Battle square of men of several sorts of arms proporsionally divided and guarnished by the rule of proporsion. Folio 79.  
Battle of so much and the one half more in front then in flank. Folio 8●  
Battles of proporsions of inequality, and the general rules for their framing. Folio 81.  
Battle of so much and the ●/3. part more in front then in flank. Folio 84.  
Battle of two times more in front then in flank and the general rule for their framing in proporsion. Folio 87  
Battle square of men. Folio 88  
Battle square of men with a centre for hurt men and baggage guarnished proporsionally with dry pikes, corseletes, and musketes. Folio 93  
Battle square of men of six nasiones aluenge by the rule of proportion to each nation his part of the vanguard. Folio 99  
Battles of the said 6. nasiones divided into 3. battles. Folio 105  
Battle square of ground. Folio 113  
Battle square of ground. Folio 116  
Battle square of ground divided into five battles. Folio 119  
Battle or cross battle of broad front divided into 4. battles. Folio 123.  
Battle of broad front of 6000. Folio 129  
Battle with a centre of arcabuseros. Folio 139  
Battles or an army divided into several battallones of broad front. Folio 123  
Battle of 3000. men divided into 6. battles of broad front. Folio 124  
Battle of the form of a triangle. Folio 125  
Battle or an army divided into five battles square of ground. Folio 138  
Battle or an army divided into 7. battles square of ground by the rule of proportion. Folio 138  
Boats necessary instruments for an army. Folio 153  
Better and more honourable to die in defence of a just and honourable act then yielded to any base imaginasion. Folio 159.  
Brimstone and how it is to be refined to give it more force. Folio 177  
Bullets or cross bars armed with wild fire their rare execusiones. Folio 185.  
Balls of wild fire and their rare execusiones. Folio 186  
Balls of wild fire made to burn with great vehemence within the water. Folio 195  
Bisono a Spanish word which singnifieth in English arawe soldier unexpert in his arms and Military Discipline.   

C.  
Corporal and the good parts and qualities in him required. Folio 11  
Corporal is to instruct and give good examples to the souldiores of his squadron. Folio 11  
Captain de campaina is to observe. Folio 143  
Captains, and how they ought to by elected. Folio 20  
Chaplain mayor his election and good examples. Folio 142  
Captains and expectasiones of their military prudence, and good examples and aplicationes. Folio 20  
Comessaries their instructiones and privilege. Folio 47  
Captains their sinister election to the great decay of Military Discipline. Folio 20  
Captains electing corporales and devidinge the company into squadrones and how. Folio 22  
Captains and the Military prudence and good parts ordained in them. Folio 24  
Captains of prudent carriage and good examples are to by imitated. Folio 25  
Captains to take their turn in marching. Folio 53  
Chaplenes necessary instruments in acompany. Folio 26  
Captains in march when they are to go ahorsbak. Folio 53  
Captains in marching or in garrison and who they are to by imitated trough their good examples. Folio 27  
Captains marching trough acountry and how they are to behave them selves giving good examples to discharge themselves and ministering justice. Folio 27  
Cause of decay of Military Discipline. Folio 40  
Centery perdue. Folio 43  
Captains chosen to by employed in executions of importance. Folio 57  
Centery whate he is to do, the enemy aprochinge. Folio 64  
Captains ought to asiste their soldiers in time that they are driven to extreme necessity. Folio 59  
Centery perdue, called the security of the camp. Folio 60  
Captain de campaina to cause the baggage to by charged in due time in ocasiones of marching. Folio 132  
Camp Master general of an army his election and office and the approved parts and suficiency required in him. Folio 147  
Convoys and how they are to by employed. Folio 148  
Convoys to take a convenient course for their good order and security. Folio 148  
Ciro King of Percia for revenge of the drowning of adeere friend of his did overcome the force of the great river of gange Folio 150.  
Compositiones and mixtures required for the executiones of Firewourkes. Folio 152.  
Conductores of the great ordnance. Folio 155.  
Generals to prevente many matteres in time. Folio 165  
Careless officeres and soldiers are wont to by puzeled and amazed. Folio 156  
Captain general bienge resolved to conker aforaigne country. Folio 168  
Cause of discontentement of souldiores. Folio 170  
Corporal or Cavo de esquadro a Spanish word singifieth acomaunder under the Captain over 20. or 25. souldiores.  
Camisada, a Spanish word signifying the investinge or putting on a shirt over the soldier is armour or a apparel which is used in night time in ocasiones of sudden exploits on the enemy.  
Campaina, a Spanish wourd which signifieth a field.  
Campaina rasa, a Spanish word is to say an open field razed plain without any encumbrance.  
Camp Master general a Spanish derivative is to say the high marshal of the field.  
Castallano, is the chief comaunder of a castle.  
Cannonnero, signifieth a guner.  
Cavaliers, a Spanish word singnifieth souldiores a horse bake.  
Cavallero a Spanish word singnifieth a gentleman, in some places, it singnifieth a high mount of earth wheruppon great ordnance is planted to discover the field.  
Centre is the just midell of a battle or other thing.  
Cintinell, a Spanish word a soldier standing in post.  
Colonel or Colonel, singnifieth a Camp master over a regiment.  
Colours a word in use in English for the ensign bienge of variable coulores.  
Corselete, a Spanish word is the complete armour of a foot soldier.  
Convoy, a Spanish word singnifienge a guard of souldiores sent for the safe conduct of munision, or any other thing to be safe-conducted from one place to another.  
Contra round, a Spanish wourd and is a number of Officeres going to visit the corpses de garde, watches, cintineles, and also the ordinary rounds, to see if they a complish their duty with vigilance and care.  
Captain general inventinge neowe ocasiones in war to diverte the enemy and corrupting them with money. Folio 169.  
Compositiones ordained for artificial canes. Folio 180.   

D.  
DIsobedience breedeth many mischiefs. Folio 4  
Don Pedro Conde de Feria his good examples in the expungnation of dura. Folio 7  
Decay of Military discipline and of which it doth resulte. Folio 21  
Duck de Alva examples of his administrasion of justice and severity for disorderes commited. Folio 23  
Doctor of fisicke his election. Folio 142  
Drum mayor his election. Folio 142  
Device or token amongst the souldiores of an army that they may know one another, necessary to by prevented. Folio 159.  
Don Sebastian King of Portugal the cause of his perdition. Folio 167  
Decay of Military Discipline. Folio 170  
Deposito or centre is the middle of a battle or of any other thing a Spanish wourde.   

E.  
Ensigns at their first deliveringe to the Alferishes the ceremonies used Folio 22.  
Examples of punishment resulting of disobedience, and disorder, and their due reward. Folio 5  
Examples of constancy, pascience, brave determination and resolution of souldiores. Folio 4  
Examples of the diference betwexte old experimented souldiores and raw men. Folio 136.  
Executiones of powder, no apelasion nor graoe to by expected. Folio 151  
Envy daily decaienge into many crimes and disgrases. Folio 163  
Escalada, a Spanish wourde singnifiethe the scalinge of a brickwall with ladderes.  
Enginero, a Spanish wourde, it is one skilful in fortificasiones, and other stratagems for war.   

F.  
FUrieles, of companies are to by chosen of men of approved fidelity and good parts for many respects. Folio 25  
Furieles, in the distributinge of munitiones and making of quarteres their instructiones. Folio 25  
Furieles, sometimes do commit disorderes wourdie of severe punishment. Folio 26  
Furious countenance of officeres some times are odious when it resulteth of a proud inconciderate mind. Folio 27  
Furieles marching their instructiones for to make the quarter. Folio 54  
Fidelity a precious thing in war. Folio 158.  
For want of trustispies many good ocasiones and interprises are lost. Folio 169  
Favour friendship and afection in Military electiones is cause of great decay of Military Discipline. Folio 170  
Fosso a Spanish word singnifieth the ditch of a town or fort.  
Flank a frence word singnifiethe the side of a battle of men.  
Front, a frence wourd is the face or forepart of a battle, front is alsoe the fore part of a wall or bulwark.  
Furiel a Spanish word singnifieth ac learke.  
Fortificasiones and confines of a Kingdom and necessary instructiones. Folio 198  
Fortificationes their memberes. Folio 201  
Fortificasiones and the consideration to by taken for the placing of the gates of a city or any strong place.  
Fortificationes and prevention to be taken for their better security. Folio 202  
Fortificationes and the conveniente course to by taken for their situasion. Folio 203.  
Fortification and several necessaries for their defence and to be prevented in due time. Folio 203   

G.  
Good aplicationes furderethe the prosperity and good success of many ocasiones. Folio 9  
Great considerationes and military prudence is required for several executions of Captains and brave comaunderes. Folio 24  
Goode examples of Aniball and his Military prudence, and the cause of his decay and overtrowe. Folio 38  
Guards or watches, are places of great respect. Folio 44  
Gamesteres their instructiones. Folio 47  
Gastadores necessaire to prevente and remedy difficulties in march. Folio 149  
General aproachinge near a place which he determines to beleaguer. Folio 150  
General of the artillery the care he is to take in the election of his officeres and gentleman of the artillery. Folio 151  
Great ordnance when it is planted to batter. Folio 152  
Goode and vigilant watch is to by put upon the storte houses and amunisiones. Folio 152  
Great store of powder and other necessaries required for an army. Folio 154  
General of the artillery very necessary he by acompanied with people of perfection in several sorts of Firewourkes. Folio 156  
General of an army conquestinge aforaigne country necessary preventiones to by taken. Folio 160  
General, in choosing people for ocationes of importance and of whom. Folio 160  
General, ought never to by weary in toilinge after virtue. Folio 170  
Garitas a Spanish wourd singnifieth a centery house.  
General of an army the glorious issues of his deep and prudent designs. Folio 170  
General, in ocasiones of reforming of companies, to by well informed for bienge conveniente to his Majesty's service. Folio 170   

H.  
Heard it is for a soldier to acomplish his obligationes with the punctuality and care required, if he by married. Folio 6  
How a soldier is to serve in a just war, and not to serve against gods true religion. Folio 7  
Horse to recnoledge pasadges and places to by suspected, to by prevented in due time. Folio 54  
Happy are those that do not intermidle in things out of scence. Folio 28  
Horceses required for to carry several sorts of great ordnance. Folio 155  
How a perfect soldier is to discharge matteres of importance refered to his care and trust. Folio 163  
Hardly any master can by had of such perfection but some times he must err. Folio 166   

I.  
IMitate those of prudent and vertouse carriage, and good aplicationes and tack notice of those decaying trough their bad goverment. Folio 6  
julius Caesar his examples in executinge justice for disorderes. Folio 23  
In ocasiones of marching prevensions to by taken against the enemies desingnes and stratagems. Folio 149  
Instructiones for the defence of any place of importance and how the same is to be honourably defended. Folio 158  
Instructiones to give ascallada or to scale any place of importance. Folio 160  
julius Caesar with his generouse mind towards his souldiores a companied with his Military prudence triumpheth victori of 52. battles. Folio 161  
julius Caesar pasing over the rhine his renoomed victories. Folio 161  
julius Caesar triumpheth over Asia Africa and Europa. Folio 162  
In the profession of arms the wicked vice of invy is most odious. Folio 163  
Imitationes of the Greeks and romans commendable. Folio 171   

K.  
Kings and Princes to asiste in person with their armies it importeth much. Folio 167  
King Edward the thirde his happy success in France and overcomed the whole power of France. Folio 167   

L.  
Long yrones are usesed in the guards or watches appointed on the gates of towns, to visit wagones' loaden with hay straw, etc. for prevention of fraud. Folio 35  
Legion in time of the romans was that which we call a regiment, Tribunus was that which we call a Master de camp. Folio 141  
Learning becometh none better than a soldier for many good reasons. Folio 163   

M.  
MAny good parts wished in a soldier. Folio 1  
Many disgraces do resulte trough the filthy vice of drunkards. Folio 3  
Master de camp may march where high thinketh more conviente. Folio 61  
Mutineres and revolteres of base acts, and inclinationes their due reward. Folio 142  
Marvelouse examples of the resolution of experimented old souldiores in the sack of Anwourpe and other places. Folio 136  
Marching trough an enemy country necessary instructiones to by observed. Folio 148  
Many instruments necessary for the great ordnance. Folio 157  
Many matteres in war are discovered and prevented without fact of arms. Folio 170   

N.  
NEcessaries required for manual fiery weapones. Folio 41  
Necessary observationes the first night when the army is to pitch their camp. Folio 150  
Necessary to know the quality and condisiones of the enemy is general, and conductores. Folio 169   

O.  
OBedience duly observed amongst the professores of war, is laudable. Folio 1  
odious in a soldier to by inclined to the base vice of drunkness. Folio 3  
Of great importance that officeres by exercised in war for many good respects. Folio 28  
Orderes of the proclamationes or vandoes to by put in writhinge on the watches or guards. Folio 36  
Observationes to by kept when the King or General comes to vieow the army. Folio 42  
Opiniones betwixt the infantry and cavalry. Folio 134  
Officeres of the general of the artillery. Folio 151.  
Obedience and Military prudence. Folio 161  
Ocurrantes of warlike affairs are some times subject to disgraces and may by when we lesh fear. Folio 168  
Occasion of great repose to the general. Folio 169.  
Officeres reform to asiste nexte the general for many good respects. Folio 169   

P.  
Parts besitinge and ordained in a soldier. Folio 10  
Prevention to by taken for the overmuch liberty of stragleres. Folio 23  
Prevension to be taken when the enemy is superior on horse. Folio 149  
Preventiones taken in narrow pasadges to by secure and prevented. Folio 149  
Powder required for each piece of great ordnance, is the ⅔ parts of the weight of the bullet of the piece and other necessaires thereunto apertaininge. Folio 157  
Powder rather to spare then to want. Folio 157  
Prevention for the defence of a place of emportance. Folio 164  
Prudente Captains, resolute and experimented soldiores bienge hit upon, great expectasiones ought to by hoped of their prosperous succeses in ocationes of importance. Folio 169  
Pattares their several executiones and industry used for to effect the same. Folio 175  
Prevensiones to by taken in due time for the executiones of pattares. Folio 176  
Pikes armed with artificial Firewourkes and their execusions. Folio 186   

Q.  
QUarter master to him belongs the recivinge of arms and munitiones. Folio 45   

R.  
REsoninge the cause that a soldier is to respect other officeres. Folio 8  
Rounds, and how they are to by prudently ordered to acomplish. Folio 43  
Rounds and how they shall acomplish their obligationes. Folio 43  
Rounds and the care and punctuality they are to take in accomplishing their obligationes. Folio 49  
Remedy for the preventing of frauds used in deceivinge the souldiores of their right. Folio 56  
Resolution to by taken to conquest a foreign country. Folio 157  
Resolution taken for to remain in possession of aforaigne country preventiones to by taken. Folio 159   

S.  
SOuldiores to by reddi when alarm do present with speed. Folio 61  
Souldiores stealing at night to the enemy prevention for the same. Folio 62  
Sardgente Mayor and other Officeres are to take great care that in ocasiones of pursuing a victory the souldiores do not fall a spoiling for bienge both odious and dangerous. Folio 64  
Spies of double dealings very dangerous. Folio 169  
Sardgente Mayor is to animate the souldiores in many ocasiones. Folio 61  
Shot in ocasiones of skirmish. Folio 134  
Sutleres and instructiones to by observed with care and punctuality. Folio 141  
Souldiores of virtues and prudent carriage are to by honoured and rewarded. Folio 144  
Sardgentes are not to by elected by favour nor affection for many good respects. Folio 13  
Souldiores missing their ranks. Folio 133  
Sardgentes to instruct and learn the souldiores how to manadg their arms. Folio 133  
Shott and opiniones for their divisiones. Folio 133  
Shott to observe good order, and how to serve with their arms. Folio 13  
Sardgent bienge well disciplined can redress and remedy many disorderes. Folio 13  
Sardgentes are to have the role of the names of the souldiores of his company about him. Folio 14  
Sardgente Mayor is to appoint the table ordained for gamesteres. Folio 50  
Sardgente Mayor arivinge near the quarter in ocasiones of marching. Folio 54  
Soldiers ought to by devoote. Folio 26  
Sardgente Mayor how he is to be elected. Folio 29  
Scipio Africano with his sagacity and extraordinary Military prudence did overcome Aniball. Folio 30  
Sardgente Mayor now and then is to visit the walls and watches for good respects. Folio 45  
Souldiores carefully exercised is commendable. Folio 38  
Sardgente Mayor ought to carefulli instruct the soldiers in the exercise of arms. Folio 40  
Sardgente Mayor is to take a special care to see the souldiores provided with fire in the watches. Folio 42  
Soldiers exercised. Folio 44  
Souldiores bienge on the watch instructions. Folio 46  
Sardgent Mayor giving many good instructions. Folio 51  
Sardgente Mayor in ocasiones to be provided with powder match led it importeth. Folio 52  
Souldiores to prevente their bad customs. Folio 53  
Souldiores prevensiones of false alarms. Folio 57  
Soldier how he is to govern himself standing in post or centery. Folio 57  
Sardgente Mayor giving instructiones to the cinteryes when the enemy are aprochinge, for to be prevented. Folio 64  
Souldiores breaking order or array their due reprehinsion. Folio 149  
Spinola provided of boathes and other necessaries in taking Reinberk and Breda. Folio 153  
Suitchers with 43000. men resolved to conquest France, Borgondy and Flanderes defeated by Caesar. Folio 162  
Singular virtue and constancy are found but in feowe. Folio 166  
Scaling of atowne or fort necessary instructiones. Folio 168  
Saltpetre reduced into water which is good to give more force to many compossiones of Firewourkes. Folio 177   

T.  
THe imitasion of the discipline of the janisaros' Turks. Folio 9  
The professores of arms ought diligently to learn the art of war. Folio 10  
Trough sinister election do resulte many disgraces and loshes. Folio 21  
The accomplishing of orderes some times are hurtful, for certain considerationes. Folio 23  
Thesarios their Military good instructiones. Folio 38  
Table to by put in memory for the framing of battles for such as are notable in aritmeticke. Folio 70  
To refresh or cowl great ordnance when it is very hot by overmuch shutinge. Folio 156  
The order for the setinge of the great ordnance belongs to the Camp master general and the executiones to the general of the artillery. Folio 157  
Torches to be artificially made with compositiones of Fire-wourke to endure against the force of wind and water. Folio 177   

V.  
UN fit that a soldier by inclined to delicate meats. Folio 3  
Un fitting to see a soldier leadon with much bagade or traish. Folio 5  
Very many raised into great dignity be their virtue. Folio 2  
Vandos or proclamationes to by duly observed for many respects. Folio 36  
Very many instruments necessary for the executiones of the artillery. Folio 154  
Vigilante and good watch to by appointed on the powder for many good respects. Folio 157  
Vando a Spanish wourde an act or law made by the General and Counsel of war and published by sound of drum and trumpet to the souldiores.   

W.  
Watch wourd and conciderations touching the same. Folio 49  
Watch wourde in campaina and conciderationes touching the same to by in due time prevented. Folio 56  
When the army shall encamp the first night the hour which is appointed for the scouts of horse to rerire. Folio 150    

For the brief explicatinge of the divisiones of several sorts of arms and of several sorts of battles, i did put down amongst the chiferes of their divisiones and tables the letteres following for their brief explicatinge.  
THe letter A. amongst the chiferes of the divisiones signifieth arcabuse.  
The letter P. singnifieth dry pikes or unarmed pikes.  
The letter C. men armed with complete corceletes.  
The letter M. musketieres'.  
The letter R. ranks.  
The letteres Fr. front of the battle.  
The letteres Fla. flank of the battle.  
The letter G. singnified gilted corseletes.   


Errores in the print.  Errores. Corected. Folio. Line. harely hardly 1 10 yerie very 3 5 both both 3 33 avartiones avaritiouse 7 6 toe two 8 4 Turkose Turckes 9 12 respeed respected 10 27 lodgedh lodgheth 11 11 hut but 12 25 discomndiouse discomodious 15 17 Craptaine Captain 16 28 Oficerer Officeres 19 12 Sprine Spain 21 4 practe practice 21 18 coddi body 21 32 minth ninth 23 27 ot of 29 4 bridged bridges 35 14 plainelle plainly 42 1 folowet follow 51 28 wolled would 121 6 weather weader 132 4 campiana campaina 132 23 this his 135 18 patre parte 136 10 the he 141 34 7 6 105 23 foot fort 156 22 truth truth 163 12 part parts 178 1 doabe dob 179 13 eaches enches 181 31 27 72 138 9 smelted melted 188 25  
Some letteres of small importance in the correction may be is forgotten, which i refer to the judgement of the curious and gentle Reader.   

APROBATION.  
these Military instructiones of Captain GERAT BARRY bienge visited by order of his Majesty's privy Counsel, by the Censor of Bruxeles, and approved by the Archbishop of Maklin the 9 of December, 1633. his said Majesty's privy Counsel found it profitable and comodiouse for the advancement of his Majesty's service; wherefore they granted licence for the printing of the same, as by the contents of their patent and broad zeal doth a peer: defending that in pain of the penalties contained in the said patente, that no Printer, or any other boddi, shall print, conterfet, or sell the said Book within the limits of their jurisdiction for the space of six years, nexte insuenge without full consent and commission, in writing of the said Captain. Dated at Brussels the 15. of January, 1634.  
HENRICUS CALENUS, sacrae Theologiae Licentiatus, Archipresbyter Bruxellensis, Librorum Censor.   
FIdem facimus positam Censuram esse legitimam, ab eo nimirum qui ad hoc à nobis commissus est. Actum Bruxellae 9 Decembris 1634. JACOBUS Archiepiscopus Mechliniensis.  

THE PRIVILEGE.  
PHILIPPE by the grace of God King of Castille, Leon, Arragon, and of both the Sicilles, of Jerusalem, Portugal, Navare, Granade, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Mallorca, Sivilla, Sardena, Cordova, Corsica, and Murcia, Jean algarves, Algesire and Gibraltar, of the Isles of the Canaries, east and Weste-Inges, of the Isles and continente of the ocean sea. Archducke of Austria, Duck of Burgundy, Lothier, Brabante, Limburcke, Luxenburghe, Guilders, and Milan: Earl of Habsburgh, Flandes, Artoys, Burgundy Thiroll, Palatin, Henawe, Holande, Zelande, Namure, Zutphen: Prince of Suban, Marquis of the holly Empire of Rome, Lord of Friselande, of Salinas, Machlin, of the city and country of Vtreghte, Overyssel and Groninge, Dominator of Asia and Africa.  
BE IT KNOWN TO ALL MEN to whom thighs presents shall a peer that we have received the homble supplication and petition of our well beloved Captain GERAT BARRY Irishman, our pensioner at the Zass of Gante, Specifienge that whereas he is desirous and willing for the good and advancement of our service; as alsoe for the good and general utility of his countrymen, and otheres who follows the wars (to enlighten them and cause to by printed) a certain book which he hath written in Inglish, called and intitulated Military Discipline, containing diveres obligationes, instructiones and directiones, apertaininge to the Professores of this art, as alsoe of fortificationes and inventiones of Artificial Firewourkes, offencives, and defencives be sea and land. And in respect that the said impression can not be permitted or suffered without our special warrant and permission; he hombly beseecheth us that we would by pleased to grante him the same for seven years.  
BE IT KNOWN to all men that whereas we having considered the aforesaid, and seen in our privy Conunsell the Aprobation of the censure done, and performed be the Archbishop of Macklin in the revewe of the book above mentioned. And our special favour inclining to the supplication and petision of the said Captain GERAD BARRY our petisioner. We have permitted consented and auctorised, and by thighs presents out of our special grace (we do permit consent and auctorise) giving him full permission and power to cause print the said Book by any Printer dwelling in our countries in thighs parts; whom he shall please to choose, and afterwards to cause sell and distribute them in and trough out our foresaied countries, prohibitinge, and defending all other Printeres Book, seleres and other people who soever, not to conterfett, print, sell nor distribute the same during the time and term of six years' nexte insuenge; without permission and express consent of our said petitioner, or of whom he hath chosen and given authority for the said impression; as alsoe for the selling of them. And that in pain of confiscation and loss of all that shall be printed, and moreover to incur and pay the some, of six florince for every copy that shall be found to by printed, sold or distributeth, without the aforesaid commission and consent of our petitioner Captain GERAT BARRY, and the one half to be applied to our profit, and commodity; and the other to whom the said Captain hath chosen as before declared, and that in the manner, and acordindinge to their agriment and a cord passed betwixt them. To be unsterstoode that the Printer who is chosen shall be obliged to conform himself with the proclamation made and published upon the art of printing. Besides that when the whole impression shall be finished, he shall be obliged to deliver in the hands of our Secretary having singned thighs presents, two copies of the said books, and that very netly bound; to be given for the augmentation of our library, as it is appointed and ordained.  
OUR WILL IS therefore and we command our well beloved and trusty Counselleres, our Presedentes, and all otheres of our privy and great Counsel, and all other our Officeres, justises, and subjects, that upon our present grace, privilege, aprobation, permission and consent. They do cause suffer and permit, the aforesaid petisioner, as also whom he shall choose to print, fell and distribute the said books, to enjoy fully and peaceably, and to use during the time, and acording as before declared and ordained, without doing, giving or suferinge, to be made done or offered any trouble, hindrance, or wrong to the contrary. For such is our will and pleasure, in witness whereof we have commanded our great zeal to be affixed and put to thighs presents. Given at our city of Bruxelles the twelfe of December one thousander six hundredeth thirty of three years and of our Regne thirtinth.  
By the King in his Counsel G. Ottingnus.   

POST TENEBRAS SPERO LUCEM.