A True and Experimental Discourse, upon the beginning, proceeding, and Victorious event of this last siege Of BREDA. With the Antiquity and Annexing of it, to the House of Nassaw, and the many alterations it hath suffered by Arms, and Armies, within these threescore years. Together with the prudent Plots, Projects, and Policies of War: The Assailants and Defendants matchless manhood, in managing Martial Affairs: The misery and manner of soldiers living, their pinching want, and fatal accidents: Strange weapons and Instruments used by both parties in several Conflicts. Lastly, their concluded Articles, with the circumstances and ordering of the siege and Victory. Being pleasant to peruse, and profitable to observe. Written by him who was an Eye witness of the siege. WILLIAM LITHGOW.  
LONDON: Printed by I. Okes for I. Rothwel, and are to be sold at his shop in Paul's Churchyard at the sign of the Sun. 1637.   

The Prologue to the Ingenious READER.  
judicious Lector:  
THou mayst admire to see my flying Quill come unto such a low flight, as the Belgian Provinces: 
His book of nineteen years' travails, performed by 3. several voyages.  which formerly slighted (in the late and large Discourse of my long and fastidious Travails) this Western World: but made a step from Paris to Rome: Nay, scarce of Rome itself, would my pen peruse any pains, till my face sighted Greece, and Eastern Europe. Whence there my feet footing pedestrially many Regions in Asia, and thence consequently Voyaging in Africa, by two several turns and Returns. It is a wonder (I say) to behold my Remote Labours, fall now upon Breda in Brabant, our neighbour soil, divided from us only (as it were) by a Channel of the Sea. And yet reason fortifieth my intention, since now inability of body, restraineth me from any further launching abroad, and my preteriat days of long worn time, being stricken in age, retroverteth the ancient Proverb backwards upon myself: To wit, That young men have wide eyes abroad, and old men narrow eyes at home: Which now I begin reciprocally to countercambiat, being of both sayings participant. But understand me better, 
A comparison between Giants and Dwarves, recorded by Pliny & Virgil.  were not Conopas and Molon two little Dwarves, as much Renowned in Pliny for their smallness, as those two huge and monstrous Giants Cyclops and Enceladus rest famous in Virgil for their bigness. And why may not a Mountain produce a Molehill: for although, perhaps, this present matter seem to thee as a Fly sitting upon an Elephants back, in comparison of those my rarer Relations formerly exhibited to the wide desirous World: yet now the time, the sight, the place, the subject, and the accidents about Breda, 
●he sight of ●reda incited ●he Author to perform this ●orke.  command me, and have commanded me to leave a stamp of their Protractures to this present Age, and succeeding times. Which thou shalt not peruse like to flashing Currants, lying surmises, blindfolded Gazetoes, feigned by Domestic imaginations, or frivolous reports of flying doubts. No, no, but receive and read this Work from my own ocular experience, whereof I was a daily Testator. And it also beside, being grounded upon the soundest judgements of the best Officers there, but indeed more narrowly searched by me from the common soldiers, 
Experience excelleth far all flying reports.  who daily and nightly were incident unto the Tragical accidents of the subject itself, from whom as from a fountain, I have drawn the Crystal truth of this Relation, so much as concerned their passive proof and Knowledge, the rest and best relieth upon myself.  
Nevertheless (Gentle Reader) if this familiar style seem not to thee so accurate and Elegant, as I have done heretofore in other Works, impute the fault thereof to a disordered Leaguer, my miserable lying on cold straw, in straw huts, and unshifted apparel, to the clangor of Armour, the rattling of Pikes, the hurling of shouldering Muskets, 
The disturbant impediments of an Army, to a penman▪  the clamour of tongues, the sounding of Trumpets, and the noise of Drums: where, when, and whilst I was in writing this experimental Discourse, distempered my quietness. Yet howsoever that turbulent time, crossed my Pilgrimagious pains, I have made it plain to the ignorant, and intelligible to the Prudent, and withal to satisfy the apprehension of any curious conception. And so I rest, leaving thee, as I leave myself,  
To be thine, as thou art mine, William Lithgow.   


To his singular friend and Renowned Traveller Mr. Lithgow.  
CAn not this Isle, thy wand'ring mind contain,  
When age hath crowned thy Foreign toils & sight,  
But now that Belgia must thy steps sustain,  
To pry where Mars involues his awful might:  
Thy former Travails lend the World great light,  
And after times thy memory shall praise:  
But now Breda claims in thy pains a right  
To rouse her worth, her strength, her change, her strays:  
Thou bring'st remotest toils, to homebred ways,  
And turns thy Tune, to sing a Tragic song.  
It's done and well, each work thy merits raise,  
Patron of Pilgrims, Poet, Penman long.  
A Soldier's phrase, thy curious style affords,  
To fit the subject, with their deeds and Words.  
Soar then (brave Spark) on flying wings of Fame,  
That in this task, revives thy living name.  
Alexander Grahame.   

To his peculiar associate, and pilgrimagious Brother, William Lithgow.  
FRom Paris once to Rome with Thee I went,  
But further off thy brave Design was bend,  
Which thou achieved, in twofold Asia twice,  
And compassed Europe, courted Africa thrice.  
O curious toil! exposed in soils remote,  
But rarer far that rare Discourse thou wrote  
To light the World: and now thy Quill the while,  
Shuts up Breda, within this Tragic style.  
james Arthur.    

A true Experimental Discourse, upon the Famous Siege, and Happy Recovery of Breda, the Mistress of Brabant, and Mother of Mars. Done, By the Thrice Illustrious, and most Victorious Prince, Henry, Prince of Orange, marquis of Camphiere and Flushen, Earl of Nassow, etc. Lord of Isseilmond, Brafort, and Mewreis, etc. Baron of Breda, and Leck, etc. and Lord chief General of all the Armies under the united States, as well by Sea, as by Land, at home, and abroad.  
AFter long and tedious Travels, over the spacious bounds and Tertiat face of the ancient World, and now fallen in the rotten bosom of declining Age, the Sun being set on the winter-day of mine elabourate time: yet it was my fortune, in this year, 1637. May 16. at Clary, (being bound for Russia) to take my leave of the truly Noble and Magnanimous Lord, Alexander, Earl of Galloway; whence being mounted upon a Gallowedian Nag, I sighted Rose in Cumberland, where courting Doctor Potter, that painful Preacher, & religious Prelate the Lord Bishop of Carleile, I set face through Stanmore to Haulkland in Bishopric, where having saluted there, that excellent Scholar, and pious Penman, Doctor Morton, Lord Bishop of Durham, I fell down in Yorkshire, to Bishops-Ouff, and my humble homage made there, unto Doctor Niell, my singular good Lord and friend, the Archbishop of York, where leaving his Grace, in the fullness of his deserved Dignity, I arrived at London, and so to Court.  
Divers weeks being spent there, in beholding the changes and vicissitude of Time and Fortune, 
The mutabilities of time.  whereof I was both a Testator, and Probator; I left the new-begun Progress, and stepped down to Gravesend; where staying for my Russian voyage, and Shipping failing, the Summer being also gone, I resolved to go see Breda.  
Well, ay, and threescore other passengers boarded a Londoner, whence falling down to Leye, and lying there 3. days and nights, having fair weather, and room winds, I found the Master of the Bark, 
An ignorant Skipper.  R. ja. an In-dweller near the Tower wharf, so fearful and ignorant, that he neither could go out of Thames; nor when he coasted the Holland shore, he knew not where he was. Sailing thus blindling, with a blind guide along the Marine, and North-East, and having outstripped our Port 60. Miles; a Pilot boarded us, and brought us to Tassill, in North-Holland: But by your leave, ere we could return and recover Rotterdam, which should have been our Landing-place, it cost us passengers above 200. English Crowns.  
This I only particularise, that Merchants may see how too too often they put their goods in hazard, with the like ignorant fellows, whereupon oftentimes they find deservingly the fatal issue thereof. Being dismissed hence, and surveying the goodly Cities of Altmore, 
A Holland Progresse.  Harlem, and Amsterdam, in North-Holland, I came to Leyden, a dimensions Town, wherein there is a learned Academy, and the year before, (as I was informed of one Mr. Christian, a Printer there) there were 28000. which died of the Plague in a small time, and notwithstanding I found the Town exceeding populous: Thence carrocheering to Dunhag, that wide-winged Village, and Courtly Residence of the united States, I embarked for the Cities, Delfe, Rotterdam, and Dort, whence being mounted upon a Belgian flat-bottomed Boat, I landed at Guttenberg, and so I pedestrially advanced three Leagues to the Scots quarter by the way of Terheyden, to see the cruel and despiteful defendants of Breda, environed with the merciless fury of the States invincible Assailants. And now I think it not amiss to discourse a little of the Town, and the Antiquity thereof, before I come to the sequel Siege, and thus.  
This Town of Breda, 
The Description of Breda.  is situate upon the fairest planure, and driest ground that generally Brabant includeth, and environed with a sweet salubrious air, not usual in these places; yea, and whose Champion-face over-topping the Champain lands about, with an admired regard, over-looketh, with a singular Metropolitan Majesty, all the neighbouring and circumjacent bounds; that me thought, when I first saw it, it had an awful and predominant aspect, both for its admirable strength, and pleasant situation.  

Two Rivers, Mark and A.  There are two little Rivers, which run from the South, and through it, where being within its body conjoined in one, they cast forth their divulgements a Dutch Mile thence, in the insulting Sea of Terheyden: The chiefest of which two Rivers, which then run by the Prince of Orange quarters, is called Marck: The other that kept his course through Grave William's Brigade and Scots quarter, is called A. But when they kiss other, A, looseth itself in Marck, and resigneth its name to the Town, whence is derived Bred-A.  
It hath only three Ports, toward the South Ginicken Gate, toward the West, Antwerp gate, and toward the East, North-East, the Busseport: yet toward the North, it hath from the Castle, a private passage unto the house of pleasure, which is a quarter of a Mile without the Town: But that Port and Bridge were only ordained for serving the entry and issuing of his Highness of Orange, and his followers.  
As for the construction of the Town, it standeth chiefly (not mainly) Triangular, whence these three Ports are the three Angles of its stationat seat, and its body Northward, lying half Oval, disbendeth East and West, two incorporate points.  
And now to come to the Fortifications, 
The fortification of Breda.  it is strongly fortified, with high earthen Walls, and from them are builded fifteen Bastions or Bulwarks, round about, each counterbanding one another, side to side, and flank to flank, having a quadrangled distance between each of them, which layeth open for every several space the entire body of the Towne-walls: whence each Bulwark running out with a sharp Promontoriate face, out-braveth the adjoining Fields, with a defensible defiance.  
The Walls and Bulwarks themselves are environed with a large Graft, or Moat, being of breadth in most parts, one hundreth threescore and seven foot, and in depth eighteen; and they also hemmed in upon the brink of the water-stank with a strong double hedge of Thorns, that secure the Walls from any sudden swimming or assault.  
Now without this broad Ditch, at the forehead of every Bulwark, lieth a large and spacious Hornewarke, with two, and some with three heads, which are the chiefest strength of the strong Town, and they also environed with deep waters, the largeness of each of them cannot repugnably be defended without five hundred men: And between them, and before each of them, lieth a Demi-lune, or half Moone-worke, and sometimes here and there in the full bosom of the main Moat, 
The works without the Town, and Moat.  there stand certain Redoubts, some Triangled, and others Quadrangled, besides other circulary Monts, which are all compassed with unpassable grasses: So before the head of each Hornewarke, and without all these other strengths, there are sharpe-pointed Counterscarps, figured like the Aquilean wings, and fixed upon the main dry ground, which is the utmost defence of all the other works; and between each and all of them, there are little narrow and low Timber-bridges to pass from one another, as necessity shall require; insomuch that the works without, are the only strength of the Fortifications within.  
For albeit the Bulwarks round about enjoy the Cannon, yet they, the inferior works, are more strictly breasted with the pouldering Musket, Pike, and hand Garnads: that certainly, according to the best judgements of all Invaders there present, and Military Soldiers, it seemed a thing impossible to overmaster that impregnable place; if otherwise, the right owner thereof (as I may say) had not been the chief Commander and Masterpiece of such desperate and inexpugnable assaults, whose auspicuous fortunes hitherto, have rather followed him, than fled him: for so fortunate have been all his attempts, that he never lay down before a Town, and entrenched, that he took not in, and so much the more absolutely victorious, howsoever fatal to disastruous Soldiers.  
And now to speak of the Town's inside; it hath a most magnific and curious Cathedral Church, 
The high and magnific Steeple of Breda.  high and spacious within, and far more glorious without; having a Steeple arising from its main body, to such an incredible height, that scarcely I never saw the higher. It mounteth squared, with four Coins, and some where garnished with Galleries, and double Columns, till it come a great way above the body of the Church; and than it gathereth in smaller and smaller, till a circular and spacious Globe overshaddow all the inferior dependencies: so from this Rotundo, ariseth the Steeple higher and higher again, till another lesser Globe decore the intermingled distances between both; and so to the highest top it groweth more and more beautiful, till an exceeding high Iron-crosse, and a gilded Cock mounted thereon cover all.  
The Town is a Scots Mile in length, in the middle part whereof a stately and spacious Marketplace, having extracted thence three principal Streets, 
The Streets and Castle of Breda.  answerable to the three Ports, with four main overthwarting Streets, crossing from Wall to Wall the breadth thereof; besides other narrow Contrades and backe-lanes, two whereof are in good Request. There are two other Churches in it, with two Hospitals: But above all, (the great Church excepted) the Castle is most formidable and defensible, being the ancient Mansion, and native Birth-place of that Princely Progeny of Orange and Nassow. It is both a Fortress and a glorious Palace, the inner Court whereof is curiously decored, with a gorgeous and Royal Fabric, and it also containing a Princely Hall, with diverse Rooms, and magnific Chambers: having thereunto annexed without the inmost Draw-bridge and utmost Court, a pleasant, spacious, and conspicuous Garden, full of sweet, savoury, and fructiferous Trees, where on some are Summer houses and banquetring rooms erected.  
As for the lower plots, they are fully beautified with all kinds of Flowers and Herbs, and looking like the old Chelfanian Paradise, brought me in remembrance of these two incomparable Gardens of Pretolino, near to Florence, and of Pau in Bierne, where Henry the fourth of France was borne. Lo, there is briefly the topographical Description of Breda, and so I will proceed to its Antiquity, present Siege, and fortunate Recovery.  

Breda a Baronry, containeth 17. Villages.  Breda, the noble and triumphing Lady of all the circumjacent places about, comprehendeth under it a Baronry or Jurisdiction of Land, wherein are contained seventeen Villages, and as many Parish-Churches: Confining with these Towns, of Steenberg, Roosendale, and Oosterhout; and standeth distant from Bruxilles eight leagues from Antwerp seven, from Bergenopzom five, from Turnehout four, from Hoogstraten three, and from Gutrenberg two Leagues.  
This Town and Baronry of Breda, with the lands of Leck, etc. were annexed to the house of Nassow, Anno 1404. even then when Count Engelbright married Lady jeane, the Heretrix of the aforesaid Lands: And thereafter for many ages, it was the Residence of the House of Nassow, till in the year 1567. Prince William of Nassow, was enforced to abandon it, at that ominous and disastruous coming of the Duke of Alba, 
The Vicissitude and victories of Breda.  into the Netherlands: And so it remained under the Spaniard, till in the year 1577, that the aforesaid Prince William did magnanimously recover the same, and kept it Viriliously in possession, till in the year 1581. that one Haultepenne, General of some Spanish forces, surprised it in the Night, june 25. who ransacked and burned the most part of the Town.  
And so it again continued under the Dominion of Spain, till in the year 159. the fourth of March, that one Captain Heraugier, under the government and command of his late excellence Count Maurice, by the means of a serviceable Ship to the Castle, loaden with Earth-fewell, under the which he, and some fifty chosen Soldiers were nasconded, and so by which Stratagem it was in the Night courageously recovered again from the Spaniard.  
Then a few years thereafter, Anno 1599 February 17. one Antony Shets, the Lord of Grobendonk, came accompanied with four Thousand Footmen, and eleven Horse-troupes, and intended to have surprised it again, out of the hands of Nassow, but he was merely frustrated of his design, and expulsed by the Defendants, with the loss of two Hundred men.  
Then lastly, and a long time thereafter, Anno 1624. August 27. came Ambrose, marquis of Spineola, General of the Spanish Army, and laid a Siege to the said Town: Meanwhile that his Excellence Mauritius had another higher Design, and thought to have surprised the Town and Castle of Antwerp, but his intention came to no perfection, and all by the base and cowardly proceedings of three Thousand Duchess, which had undertaken the execution of his Princely purpose: Insomuch that Spineola in this lost time lying before Breda, was so strongly entrenched, that it was impossible for Prince Maurice to brangle him, or to enforce him to lift the Siege, till such time that the Defendants within, were constrained, 
The famishing of Breda by Spineola.  after a long and extreme famine, of eleven Month's time, to surrender it upon good conditions to the aforesaid Spineola, Anno 1625. july the fifth; where ever since, till this time, it hath been a place of Brigandage, 
Breda turned a place of Brigandage.  and miserable incursions, daily executed upon all the Country about belonging to the States, by reason of their continual sallying out of the Town, some parties on Horseback, some on foot, as well by Water as by Land, which shut up all adjoining passages, and domineering alwhere at their pleasure, returned ever loaden with booties and spoils.  
But now, to come to this present and last Adventure, his Highness the auspicuous Prince of Orange, having ever a special regard to reacquist his own Heritage, and so eminent a place of singular importance as this Town is; and hearing that Marishall Chattilieon was fallen down in Artois with a great Army, thought it a fit time to bestir his best wits and endeavours for such a serious attempt, to hold the Cardinal awake on both sides: 
An Army levied by the Prince of Orange, and his politic proceeding.  And therefore caused Drums to be beaten through all his Garrisons and with advice of the States, having levied an Army of twenty five thousands, Horse and Foot, gave order for an infinite number of small ships, to be in readiness for their transportation.  
Well, they are embarked, and with them Artillery, Munition, Victuals, together with a great number of Pipes and Barrels filled full of water, as if he had been mindful for a Flandrian Journey, or where fresh water was to be wanted; and all this was done, but to inveigle and deceive the Enemy.  
Meanwhile, the ninth of july, being our Penult of june, they hoist sail, and advanced from the Keill, lying a League West from Dort, and so set forward to Rammekin Castle in Zealand, where he was to make his Rendezvous, and to gather more forces from Bergenopzom, and other adjacent Garrisons. Nevertheless he was mightily crossed with a South-west wind for certain days, which seemed to oppose and countercheck his designs.  
In this time the Cardinal Infanta hearing and fearing that the Prince of Orange would fall upon some part of West Flanders, caused with all possible diligence, to levy and convocate al● the forces of Horse and foot, 
A preparation in Flanders to resist the Prince of Orange.  that conveniently he might spare, from affronting the French Army, that encroached so near him.  
And for this end there was a passage-bridge made at Antwerp, over the which there marched that same day into Flanders fourteen Horse-companies, and the following day Grave john of Nassow marched along with forty Horse companies more, whereof he was General. Moreover, the Cavalry of Breda were called hither, and with them five hundred Firelocks on foot, and certain ammunition, which weakened the Town so much the more, besides many foote-forces from other parts: Whereupon they, with all the rest, were distributed here and there, to defend the places and Ports of greatest importance, along the Flandrian coast.  

A speedy ad●●●tisment to ●●unt Casmir.  This being done, the Prince of Orange meanwhile sent a speedy intendment unto Count Henry Casmir, General of the Freizes, (who then was gone up the Rhine, waiting for Advertisement) that he should fall down upon Breda, and environe the Town with his forces, till he came to him: That thereby these who had sorted forth, to assist the Cardinal, should not return to strengthen the Town any more.  
Whereupon the said Casmir, who had under his Conduct fifty foote-companies, and thirty eight troops of Cavalry, left the Rhine, july, 17. and marching with great celerity to the Town of Grave, the day following at Drunen, he was seconded with the Duke of Bullion, who also had brought with him certain forces of Horse and Foot.  
Upon the one and twentieth of july, they set face for Breda, 
Breda beset about with Casmirs forces.  marching with sound of Trumpet, and touking of Drums, the Cavalry with great courage environed the Town that same day. Upon this their sudden coming, they of the Town rang their Bells, to give an Alarm to the Burghers, to save their cattle that were feeding without; but they were prevented by the Cavalry of Count Casmir, who seized upon the greater part. Meanwhile the Prince of Orange, with his Army, departing from Rammekin Castle, july 20, landed that day, and the next morning following his whole forces at Bergenopzom.  
And it is to be observed for a notable Policy in the Prince, that whilst his Army was on marching towards Breda, he caused two hundred of small ships, and in them certain Companies of Firelocks, to sail along the Coast of Flanders, with sound of Trumpets and Drums, that so affrighted all the Coast, that they were continually in Arms for the space of twelve days. Meanwhile, july 23. 1637. the Prince arrived before Breda, and thanking his Cousin Count Casmir for the good service he had done him in his absence, and dismissing the Duke of Bullion his Nephew for Mastrick, they refreshed themselves, and the whole Army that Night with necessary Recreation, and heart-swelling hopefulness.  
The next morning, july 24. Stilo Gregorio, his Highness, 
The Arrival of the Prince of Orange before Breda.  w●th the State, or Council of War, began to divide their Horse-troupes in certain Bands and Numbers, here and there, to keep Watch in the Country round about, and without them: and the same day with an incredible promptitude they set down their quarters, and begun their Entrenchments.  

The four Quarters set down and out Trenches.  The special and chiefest quarter, which was for the Prince, was ordained to lie down upon the Southside of the Town, at the Village of Ginnekin, close by the River of Marck, and a short English mile from Breda▪ Upon the West part whereof lay five French Regiments, and near them four English Regiments, under the command of these four Colonels, Morgan, Gowreine, Herbert, and Colpepper, besides two Regiments of Dutches.  
And to the East, beyond the River, these Regiments of Count Maurice, the Count of Solmes, and the Lord Bredrode; and lastly his Highness' Guard, consisting of three hundred chosen men, lay in the Village itself, near to the Prince.  
The second quarter lay down at the Village of Hage, (before the West Port, named Antwerp-gate, and a mile distant from it) under command of the Marishall of the Field, Count William of Nassow, consisting of three Scots Regiments, and they also under these three Colonels, the Lord Amon, Sir james sandiland's, and Sir David Balfoure, to whose courtesies I was greatly obliged, and in a singular respect to mine old acquaintance, Colonel sandiland's; besides the kindnesses of most part of all these Captains and other Officers there, who now and then did feast me with good cheer, and kindly draughts of French, Rhenish, and Spanish liquors.  
The rest of this Brigade, were five Dutch Regiments, scarce worthy to be set down here, as hereafter shall appear in the own place.  
The third quarter or Brigade, was placed at the Village of Teteringen, on the North-East end of the Town, before the Busseport, and an Irish mile distant, under the Conduct of Count Henry Casmir of Nassow, with fifty foot Companies of diverse Nations, Freizes, Swissers, Vallones, and Dutches.  
The fourth and last quarter was appointed at Terheyden, Northwest, under command of Colonel Farick, consisting only of two thousand Footmen, and three English miles from the Town; which made no approach, but only lay there strongly entrenched, to guard the ships, for here stayed all the whole provision of Victuals for the Army, that came from Holland.  
Now their quarters being placed, I proceed to the Line, or works without, that environed all these divided Brigades or quarters. The day following, july 25. there accosted here from South Holland, about four Thousand Bowers, who instantly with great toil, alacrity, and expedition, fell to work, with all kind's of pi●narding Instruments, and in nine days time accomplished the first Line or Trench: 
〈◊〉 corks and ●●doubt●.  And within five days thereafter, being ad●u●ed with Soldiers and neighbouring bowers, they finally perfected the second or double Trench, invested here and there with Quadrat Redoubts, for the ●nstalment of Ordnance, and their better assurance. Truly, I may say, a work of great Admiration, that the power of thrice as many men ●s they were, could have performed such a task in so small a time, each one of these two Trenches being in compass full Eighteen English Miles, and more.  
By which means Breda stood in the midst of the Centre, 
〈…〉  in regard of the Circuit; like a Maypole in a Market place, or like to a Thief in a Common-Hall condemned to dye; for indeed it had an awful Jury summoned to its confusion, whose proud contempt was every day fearfully examined. And yet notwithstanding, howsoever busy they were for their own safeguard, the Enemy made as great haste from Flanders, to intercept their entrenchments; but their expedition fell short of prevention.  
Nevertheless Grave john backed with eight Thousand Horsemen, made a Bravado upon the Prince's Quarter, but at their first presentation, being saluted with the Cannon, they suddenly retired into the Woods again. The sequel day, August 4. they fell down Westward, and invaded the Scots Quarter; but they found no better success there, than the preceding day before; for besides the Musket, the Cannon swept away diverse ranks of them, flying in the air like Phrygian Eagles in a Random; that they were enforced to seek shelterage under Hedges, Thickets, and cloudy Groves. And that same night they retired, the Spaniards within the Town, made three times fire upon the Church-Steeple, denoting to the Cardinal without, their desired relief; so the fourth night thereafter they did the like, but to no purpose.  
Well, the Cardinal and Grave john stayed fifteen days without, 
The Cardinal and Grave john attempted to relieve Breda.  and about the Trenches, peeping here and there, and showing themselves after this manner. In all which time the Prince of Orange might make no approaches to the Town; for having the half of his Army ever in Arms along the Trenches, he had not only the Enemy without to resist, but also the Enemy within to gainstand; which continually vexed the quarters about, with Cannon from the walls, but to no great damage, save only some accidental blows, and they very few. And yet the Spaniards within, with these long roving shots spent a great deal of Powder and Bullets, which in the end, the self same excess became the chiefest cause of their overthrow and subjection.  
At last the Cardinal being dismissed, and marching up the Country with his Army of fifteen Thousand, Horse and Foot, he fell upon Fenlo, near to Mastrick, where being no sooner arrived, but as soon one Brederode, a Bastard borne Hollander, Governor thereof, sold and gave up the Town, for the value of twenty Thousand pounds Starling, being suborned and enticed by the Jesuits remaining there: So was it a well deserved Recompense for the Prince, that should have admitted any Popish Priests to have stayed there, after he was Master of the place.  
This base treacherous Villain fled away thence to Culloine, with four other inward Captains, his Consorts, where he and they run their heads, in the midst of a Cloister to stay, which otherwise should have been detrenched for unnatural Treason, being Flemings.  
The rest of the Captains of fifteen Companies, came to clear themselves before the Prince, but three of them fell short, and were left Delinquents, for the Council of War to order their deservings.  

The Cardinal took in Fenlo and Ruramont by treacherous ends.  Within two days thereafter, the Cardinal took in Rurarmont, but that was a place of smaller importance than the other, which is newly again recovered. and so will also shortly the other; for his Highness of Orange took them both, in six days time. After this the Cardinal marching to Mastricke, 
The Duke of Bulloine Governor of Mastrick.  (whereof the Duke of Bulloine was, and is Governor) and intending to lie down before it, he was not able to beleaguer it, in regard of its strength, and strong Garrison within, and of his small Army without. Whereupon he made great haste for Artois, to incorporate his forces, with another Army of his there, that were daily at Pell mell with the French, where now leaving them to their doubtful events, I return to Breda.  
The Prince this while being sound settled, and strongly fortified with double Trenches, besides many other Works and Redoubts, both within and without the Line, than begun he to stop the current of the River Mark, 
Two Rivers drawn from their courses.  that it should not run to the Town; and withdrew its natural course, along the backside of his own Trenches, with main force and power, of marvelous pains and workmanship, which run along East and Northeastward, to Casmirs quarters, and so to the Sea of Gutrenberg: So likewise was the River of A, which run by the Scots quarter at Hage, withdrawn from the Town, and carried along in both the Ditches of the double Trenches, North, and Northwestward to the Sea of Terheyden; so that thereby it was impossible for the power of man to raise him, or to disquiet his Army.  
And yet more, on the North side of the Town, at the house of pleasure, (being a place of Recreation for the House of Nassow) by which the Sea flowed up in Mark, to Bredaes' Port, he caused to dam it up, 
The flowing Tide reinforced back to the Sea.  and stop the flowing thereof, with huge toil and charges, and dashed back again, in despite of the Sea, it's own disgorgements; and secured so the North parts of the Town, that there was neither issuing from it, nor entering to it.  
Being thus wonderfully fortified, he sent away the fourth part of his Army, Horse and Foot, to strengthen the Garrisons of other frontier Townes, because the Enemy was roving abroad. And likewise he caused to make Bridges over Mark at Terheyden, and Ginnekin, with three Bridges over A, and its branches, whereby the whole circuit of the Trenches within was made passable. Now between every quarter about the Line, 
The ordinary posts about the Trenches.  there were eight posts, or divisions of Companies, set upon guard in Quadrons, and between these intermingled spaces, there were Sentinels fixed, each one within speech of another; where their continuance of all, was ordinarily twenty four hours, before their renewing relief came; I mean from their quarters.  
All these things exactly done, and provided, than his Highness begun to make his Approaches; where near to a Water-mill, erecting a Half Moon for preservation of Sentinels, and workmen, that were to advance other works daily nearer and nearer the Town; and three Troops of Horses placed there for a safeguard. There sallied out of the Enemy, a little after Midnight, 
Divers Conflicts.  above twelve hundred men, where making an assault upon the Half Moon, being six for one, yet by a fresh supply which came forthwith from the quarter, they were courageously repulsed, and chased to the Town, leaving 28. killed behind them, and thrice as many wounded they took with them.  
But now understand me better; there were diverse other sallies made every day out of Town, as well in the other quarters as here for 3. week's space, till their Batteries were erected, and as many repulses given them back again with some killed, some wounded, and some taken prisoners on both sides.  
But to shun prolixity, I think it best to disclaim their Diurnal and Noctuall proceedings, 
The Approaches begun.  which as they were but fatal and disastruous Accidents, so shall the relation of such crooked fortunes be as unsavoury, and unpleasant to the Judicious Reader, whose Curiosity would rather rest on the main and most selected points, than in perusing the misery of miserable effects. The next strenuous and more forcible advancement, was a Battery reared half way to the Town, and planted with six half Cannons; and to the Eastward of it, diverse Redoubts shadowed with Pikes and Muskets, than began they to make sport to the Enemy. And shortly thereafter, there were two other Batteries nearer and nearer erected, installed with Cannon and Cannoneers, than played they thick day and night, bellowing Martial Music, against that great and high earthen Bulwark at Ginnekin Port. Upon which the Spaniard had 9 piece of Ordnance, and a whole Cannon installed, besides other Pieces planted on neighbouring Bulwarks.  
Grievous and hot was the service on both sides, and sometimes their aims so just, that they burst one another's Cannon, 
Thundering Cannons and roaring Muskets.  for almost they never rested; insomuch that the Crystal Aire, and azure skies were rend asunder, and darkened with the excremental smoke of their combustible pains; yea, and the people and Country Villages abroad and about, were deafened and over-thundred with their reverberating Echoes; and lastly, their tremenduous noise, and reinforced rebounding sounds made the Tents, Howts, and Sutlars shops to quake, and the ground to shake and tremble, that me thought the ordinary Earthquake of Puteoli had been transported hither to the Prince's quarter, and yet it was near an English mile from the inmost Mont and most dreadful Battery.  
At last, within 17. days, the Spaniards Cannons were dismounted, and they quite beaten off the Bulwark, and constrained to settle their Ordnance on the lower Flanks of counterbanding Bastions, and could shoot no more at Randon; then every man went safe and freely about the Fields and quarter.  
But now leaving these Batteries, to batter down the Towne-houses, Ports, and mouldering Walls, 
The Infantry begin their works.  I come to the Military proceedings of the Infantry, and their Approaches: forthwith and at this instant, began they their encroaching works and Trenches, making two Divisions: the French on the right hand, and the English on the left; and thus in short time they accosted the Enemy's Countersearfe, and with much ado beat them from it, to the Hornewarke within: where, and at which time there were cruel Conflicts for certain days and nights, and valour exposed to the uttermost of worth.  
Well, at last the French and English, breasting the Hornewarke, and striving who should first invelope it, their contention fell equal to either, for both their Busse-bridges were alike soon over the circulating Moat. here was great mortality betwixt either Factions, within and without; for the Muskets played continually as thick on others faces, as the Winter-hayle, which whiten the ground. Both Nations attempted the Hornewarke in the evening, but were beaten back again to their great disadvantage; notwithstanding, about three a Clock in the Morning, 
The English courageously took in the Enemies Hornewarke.  the magnanimous English, made another brave and fortunate assault, cutting off circumspectly the Sentinels, broke in upon the Enemy, putting sundry to the Sword, some to summersing swimming, and took prisoners a Spanish Captain, with his Alfiero, and twenty five Soldiers alive, which were not redeemed till the Town was surrendered, being vanquished pledges, for blazing abroad the meritorious fame of the English attempt.  
There, and at this time was Captain Crofis killed, and that Honourable Gentleman Colonel Gowreine, shot in the leg with a most dangerous and pitiful hurt, to the great lamentation of many noble hearts: Besides the death and deadly wounds of many commanded Gallants, and uncommanded Volunteers; amongst whom was one Peter Ape-slee, shot through his cheek and mouth, taking away two of his foreteeth, which indeed was a sharp caveat to temper a jeering mouth.  
The Hornewarke being thus regained by the singular valour of the English; then with much difficulty the two distinctive Nations fell to, and turned over the inner-side of it defensible for themselves, with a number of turnings and windings deeply sought in the ground: 
Intricated Trenches and wonderful works.  that notwithstanding they were at the Moate-side, and under the walls (as it were) of the Town, yet these Trenches secured them sightless from their foes, with a safe shelterage; that when I went through them afterward, they in a manner resembled to me, that intricate Labyrinth of Dedalus, cut out on the face of that Cretan Ida, or the Ciento Camarelle of Baia: Then upon the Graffe-side, and point for point against the Enemy, in the two co-operative Divisions, there were four other Batteries erected, to defend the advancement of the Galleries, that were to surprise and undermine the Bulwark; which did so danton the desperate Defendants, that they were enforced in the day time to draw in their Cannons, and to labour th●● only in the night; for upon the Princes seven Batteries, first and last, there were mounted Twenty eight half Cannons, and with them twice as many Cannoneers.  

Great mortality amongst the French.  Neither was the French at this time, and other times too, without great loss of Captains, and other Commanders, besides abundance of common Soldiers, both slain and wounded, of whom in Armies there is none, or very small reckoning made, save only of Officers, of whom the Sergeant is meanest.  
The chiefest of the French that was killed at this Hornewarke, was one Monsieur du Charnacie, Colonel, and Leaguer Ambassador for the French King, who had his head shot off from the shoulders, with the thundering messenger of a Cannon Bullet, and thereafter the rest of his dead body was sent to be interred in France.  
Now between the English and French works there was a Traverse made, and topped with a blind of bushes, that if, and when need required, they might the more facilely relieve one another: And then next of all, they took in certain Half Moons and Monts, whereby the Enemy on this quarter was absolutely immured within the Town. 
The English and French Galleries begun.  Whereupon the two Nations begun to found their Galleries, which were a pret-way distantone from another about twice twelve score paces, either contending who first should pass the Towne-Moate, which was both large 167. and deep 18. foot: where now I leave them for a while, jealous of other fastidious Actions, and will fall down a League Westward to Grave William's Brigade, or Scots quarter, which was the place of my chiefest abode.  
here, (as in the Prince's quarter) at the beginning of their Approaches, with three Redoubts and two Batteries, the Enemy did diverse times sally forth upon them, but they were ever viriliously repulsed back to their own repugnable limits, with Marshal Affronts, and losing of lives.  
But when the utmost of the Scots Trenches and works, 
The Scots quarter, and their great services.  encroached within push of Pike to the Enemies Hornewarke; at which time Colonel sandiland's was shot through the left Arm, from the wreist almost to his elbow, whereof (praised be God) he is now happily convalesced: then (I say) grim Fatality overspred these journal and Nocturnal Combatants, of both Factions, with the black Cymmerian wings of preposterous Death: for as Empidocles threw himself in the Aetnean fires to be reputed for a god: so these rash and temerarious Soldiers (of whom my Countrymen were only chiefest) did desperately cast themselves before the merciless mouths of the Cannon and Musket, thinking thereby to gain a Bellonean Reputation. Where otherwise they, or he, being fallen, and dead, (I mean the Doltish Duchess) his best Commerad would scarcely bring him off, and bury him, unless his back had been covered with rough clothes.  
Then was his Corpse laid on a Wagon, and brought to the Quarter, 
The death and burial of Soldiers done without sorrow.  where strait on the back side of the Trenches, his naked body was cast in a sandy hole, without Chest or Winding-sheete, nay, without any sorrow for the loss of his friend, which I daily beheld, and much more than I here engross, to my great loathing and humane grief: for as doubling waves devour one another, till they break upon the bellowing shore: so the sequel day's Mortality amongst them, swallowed up the memory of the preceding days misfortune, in the ingrateful darkness of Oblivion. Nay, Death grew so obvious to everv eye, as if Men had been Mice, and Accidents, had been Cats to devour them; so that Man's Catastrophe, or Epilogue came to this Epitaphium, Nunc absit, & mortuus est. Yea, and also the like Destinies, as well as here, were incident to the other Quarters about, for their quotidian Services and Attempts were ever as dangerous, as their Approaches insulted upon the Resisters liberty and credit; neither were these disasters more influent to the Assailants, as fatal, and acerbiously occurrent to the Defendants.  
But now to be punctual; upon the second of September, 
The Scots assail the Enemies Hornewarke.  there came Direction from his Highness to Crave William, that the Scots the day following should storm the Hornewarke, and that the Duchess should second them. To behold this Assault, came hither the Prince Elector Palatine, accompanied with two young Germane Dukes, Lantsberg and Swausbridge etc. the Lord Viscount Grandeson, the Lord Craven, and certain other English Gallants, of singular Note. Now with much difficulty had the Scots made a Busse-bridge over the Moat of the Hornewarke, where fastening a Mine within the bosom of an earthen Rampire for passage sake, which being blown, it rebounded back on themselves, (being the Enginiers fault) yet without any damage, save only a part of the Bridge broken down.  
Then was Lieutenant Gladstanes commanded by the General to fall on, and with him diverse Officers, and some choice Companies of selected Soldiers, which indeed they both bravely and manfully accomplished: And with them fell on a certain number of uncommanded Volunteers, all Scotsmen. The Conflict for an hour's space, was exceeding doubtful and dangerous, for the Muskets and Firelocks never ceased, neither was the Sword and Pike short of the manliest usage, courageous valour could afford magnanimous Gallants.  

The Enemy repulsed by the Scots.  At last the Enemy was beaten out of the body of the Hornewarke, with above threescore of them left there killed, and retired to a cross Demilune, erected within the inmost corner of this work: from which place they damnably threw over Hand-garnads, Bullets of three pounds' weight, and being empty within, they are filled with Powder, Pitch, and Sulphur; where falling on the ground, and breaking, spoiled a number of our men.  
Then came certain Companies of Dutch Firelocks to second them, and gave once fire; but by your leave, like cowardly beasts, and greedy slaves as they are, they left their service, and fell a spoiling of the dead bodies which the Scots had slain.  

A great death of Scotsmen, and shameful flight of the Dutches.  In the end the buttery Duchess perceiving fresh supply coming out of the Town, to aid their almost vanquished consorts, the Burgondions, they shamefully fled, leaving with the incensed and exasperate Enemies the Scots at pell mel: in which place there were Thirty seven of them left dead, and Forty four wounded, who with the rest were enforced to retire again to their own Trenches, with the general Applause of dear bought praise and commendation. In which Retreat Sergeant Lindsey was drowned in the Moat, whose body could never be found; notwithstanding we supposed he had been taken prisoner, but the Enemy the next day, avouched the contrary, to the great grief of all his fellow soldiers, and to me much more; for I lay in his straw-built Cabin, & was familiar with him, as with a social friend.  
The special of which fatal Volunteers, 
Scots gallants and Volunteers killed.  was Lieutenant Colonel Henderson, whose Father, Sir Robert Henderson Colonel, and lately killed at Bergen●pzom, was a son of that Venerable and Martial Race of fordel: And this young Accadent, as he was bred of a valorous Father, so he fought as valiantly as ever could a noble heart perform a manly part, and died in the bed of Honour.  
Secondly, that Gallant and ever lamented Gentleman Captain Williamson, who killed three men with his own hands, and the fourth killed him: The third was Ancient Hamilton, Perdevans son beside Lithgow, who lately eight days before in another Conflict, had so courageously behaved himself, that he slew two Vallounes', and took captive the Neapolitan Cantelmo, carrying him away perforce, and with strong hand from amongst the midst of his enemies, to his eternal fame; and now, and at this time, he killed four Burgondions before he fell; whom than the Enemy knew well, because of his red clothes, where in a base and inhuman revenge, they mangled, cut, and carved his head, face, and dead body, that scarcely the next day, when his Corpse was sent over the Moat, could he well be known. The rest were these Sergeants, Lindsay, Inglis, and Corbet, with diverse more young Gentlemen, of whom one Moncreeffe, a delicate Stripling, was much lamented.  

Commanded Soldiers and their cruel conflict.  Of the hurt Volunteers, was Sir Philip Balfoure one, who with Sword and Pike manfully behaved his wielding hands, and being shot in the left arm, came fairly off with deserved reputation: Where, and there also, Ancient Drummond had his leg shot from him, which although it be the badge of a Soldier, yet it hath spoilt the comely feature of a gallant Personage.  
Now of the commanded Soldiers, there was principally slain Lieutenant Gladstanes, an aged man, whose death his own hands revenged, upon the lives of five Burgondions before he fell dead, whose valour the very Enemy the next day mightily applauded. So with him was killed Ancient Fargeson, with certain others, whose names I suspend to relate. The next morning there was a parley beaten on either side, 
A parley beaten for burying the dead.  that both foes might take away the dead, and bury them. All the dead Scots were spoilt by the Enemy, save only Captain Williamson, whose body one David Anderson manfully brought off, to his great credit, and thereupon present preferment, and saved thereby his clothes, and forty pieces of Gold that were in his pockets. The rest were sent over the Graft in Boats stark naked, and loathsome to behold.  
The Corpse of Lieutenant Colonel Henderson was sent to Dunhag, and there buried in the great Church beside his Father, and the bodies of Williamson, Gladestanes, and valiant Hamilton, were sent three Leagues off, to Gutrenberg, and there interred in a Church. The rest were buried at the Hage, and near the Scots Quarter, with hollow Drums, and volley shots, and Soldier's trailing Pikes before them, the miserable mourning of Mars.  
The next morning after this, the Scots made another Sally upon the Hornwarke, 
The Scots took in the Enemies Hornewarke.  and then the Burgondions fled, leaving behind them some Barrels of Beer, a number of Firelocks, and diverse Bedsteads. Well, this dear bought Hornwarke was instantly turned over, and made defencive for the Victor's use; and then close by the Moat side there were two new Batteries made up, which forthwith dismounting the Enemy's Cannon, constrained the Spaniard to sink them lower in the Walls, and so they taught them (as the Proverb is) to eat their meat in order; for upon these four Batteries here, there were mounted 14. half Cannons, with twenty three Cannoneers. Then that same night they begun their Gallery, whereof one james Lecky was chief Workmaster, who was to have for perfecting the same, Thirty six thousand Gilders.  

The advancement of the Scots Gallery.  Now to speak a little of a Gallery, and how it is advanced, is thus: They first begin, and set some eight couple of Posts in the dry land fast founded, and then they go on, and advance others in the watery Moat, by turns and times, more and more, every post or couple being set two foot from another: As they are thus fast above and under, so also are they flanked with boards, bundles of boughs and branches, and earth on both sides, and above, to save the workmen from Muskets; for altogether these flanking are not Cannon proof: And so as they proceed in the Graft, 
What a Gallery is.  they cast in bundles of branches, and arms of Trees, and bushes, and upon them they heap on sand and earth, to fill their watery and plunging way, and so thereby to make a dry foundation, whereon to fix their Posts. Within it is the height of a man, and so wide, that four may march side to side into it. In the further end, next the Town-wall, as they wrought forward, the adventurous labourers had a blind before them, composed of boughs and earth, and that safeguard is sometimes Cannon proof.  
And notwithstanding there were every other day and night some killed, some wanting legs and arms, and some wounded; yea, and the Cannon would break down at diverse times sundry of their posts, which were aye speedily renewed again: But what offended the Workmen here most, 
Mortars or Pot-pieces.  as also in the other Galleries, were these Mortars, or Pot-pieces, three quarters of a Yard long, but exceeding large and wide; which will shoot Granadaes of a hundred pound weight, and more; for it is empty within, which being filled with cut iron, powder, Pitch, and Sulphur, and so put in the Mortar; the Cannonier taketh his height and aim, (for it is shot off with the mouth half upward) by Art, Compass, and Geometry, that he will lay the Granada far and near as he pleaseth: for where it falls, it breaks in pieces, spoiling houses, men, timber-works, and whatsoever it rencounters withal.  
And here by the way, I cannot forget a sorrowful sport: one Night four fellows working on the French Gallery, 
Damnable Granadaes.  and two of them killed with the Musket; there fell a Granada in midst of the Gallery, to the which the other two ran to catch it, taking it for a Cannon-bullet▪ but as they begun to gripe it, it burst in pieces, and blew them both in the Air, rend and torn asunder to nothing. Neither are these Pot-pieces frequently shot off, but now and then, and at certain serious times, and that because of the great expenses they make; for every charge of any of them, will cost above fourscore and ten Gilders, so large are their bellies, and devilish wide their mouths.  
And now I remember, when the Scots Gallery was half over the Moat, and Lieutenant Colonel Couts standing there, giving directions to Soldiers, there was a Burgondion from a wooden Windmill, on the Town-wall, shot him through the thigh, and burst the bone in pieces, by the which this aged and brave Commander was left there for death; yet at my departure there was great hope of his recovery.  
Whereupon the next day, Colonel Balfoure caused four half Cannons to be stalled against the Windmill, 
A windmill broke in pieces.  where down it came with a rattle, and bruised the bones of some Burgondions, till their guts groaned again. So likewise about this time one Captain Wachub sickened in the quarter, 
Captain Wachubs' death▪  and died the third day thereafter, which was thought to have been the Plague; for the Pestilence was in all the quarters, and almost in every Regiment; yet with no force, nor infectious mortality, by reason of the Soldiers going abroad day and night to the Trenches, where lying in their clothes, and on the cold ground, infringed the contagion.  
Now as concerning their profession, being in a Leaguer, every Regiment hath a Preacher, and on the Sabbath day under the Colonels Tent a Sermon, 
The profession of Soldier's Religion.  where few Auditors frequent, unless it be a poor handful of some well disposed persons. And every day in the Afternoon, according to their turns, when these Companies came up under their colours, that were to go for the Trenches and Galleries, than the Predicators of each Regiment▪ made an earnest prayer, exhorting their Soldiers to go on courageously, and assuredly confident of the pardon of their sins in Christ's blood; and that they should carry themselves manfully in fight God's Battle, for the Gospels' liberty; which indeed some of them too insolently and desperately performed: for Religion now, in most parts of the whole Universe, is turned to policy, wherewith this Belgican State is only and absolutely invested. And I had almost forgot a devilish weapon which both parties made use of, at their breasting of Trenches, which Soldiers cognominate, an iron Flail, and is composed of two pieces, the shortest whereof, having a round head, (not much unlike to a Turkish Balucco) is set full of deep steeled pikes, and they so sharp and deadly, that there is no resistance nor fence for their blows, each Soldier threshing death on others fatal bodies. 
Iron Flails threshing death.  Nay, I was astonished to behold such hellish Instruments, and my heart wished that the Inventors of them had the same reward, that Phalaris gave to Perillus, who tortured him in the brazen Bull, which he invented for the destruction of others.  
And alas, what a poor thing is it, to see so many Gentlemen, and gallant youths of all kinds, to hazard their lives for so small a recompense, as five pence half penny a day, five Stivers, having their food and apparel to take out of it, besides their hard lying, and turmoiling services: which common calamities and profound extreme miseries, I would to God most of our younglings at home knew, then would they be careful to prevent these languishing adversities, 
The misery of a Soldier's life.  before they find the succourless smart thereof: for by your leave, if a Soldier's industry be not quickened and animated with bountiful rewards, he hath less will to perform any part of Martial service, than a dead coarse hath power to arise out of the grave: for what can be more precious to man than his blood? being the fountain & Nurse of his vital spirits, and the ground of his bodily substance; which no free nor ingenious nature will lose for nothing.  
And whosoever shall argument or discourse upon found reason, and infallible experience, may easily prove and perceive, that those Commanders have ever best prospered, which have most liberally maintained, and had in singular regard Military Arts and Soldiers: Otherwise the honourable mind would account it a great deal better, to have Death without Life, than Life without Reward; yea, and the noble Commander desiring rather to want, than to suffer true Worth unrecompensed. I could instance here many Examples of Ingratitude in great persons, that by their wretchedness to Soldiers, have first lost themselves, and then their Kingdoms and Principalities; but I desist, only lamenting what I saw here, that even the chiefest Commanders, (Fatality is so ordinary to Military proceedings) so they obtain their ambitious ends, regarded no more the losing of men's lives, than the death of dogs.  
But now I come to the third Quarter, settled on the Town's North side, the Freizes, under command of Count Casmir their General: Truly they had the most difficult passage to make their Approaches, 
The Freizes quarter and their adventures.  than any of the other two beside; for they had a long and fastidious way of marish water, to march along a Dike blinded with bushes, to their works before the Castle: Yet they were still advancing their encroachments to affront the Enemies Hornewarke, which they thrice invaded, and were still repulsed, with a great loss of many of their best Officers and Soldiers. And howsoever they came short of the policies and expedition of the other two Quarters, yet in the end, being ashamed of their postponed purposes, they desperately, on Saturday at midday, September 29. Stilo Gregorio set upon the Enemies Hornewarke, and made exceeding good fire for an hour's space, and beat their Opposers into the Town, with great mortality on both sides, and so turned over the work defensible for themselves: Whereupon they began their Gallery, but to no purpose, the other three being closing with the Wales and theirs in twenty days time could not have been perfected; where now I leave them, (nevertheless) well worthy of a good remembrance: their Batteries were only four, and planted with twelve half Cannons.  
But now to return unto his Highness' quarter, where I had my last and journal Residence, till the bowels of Breda, gave my long expectation a desired Albergamento; 
English and French Galleries done.  I found shortly thereafter, the English and French galleries fully done, and fastened to the Root of the promontoriat Bastion, where there and then each Nation begun to work their Mines. In this performance, the French outstripped the English, and had advanced their insinuating projects two pikes length in the Walls, besides diverse dividuat chambers in the Work before the other; but yet the English gallery was thicker of posts, and stronger builded than the French: For indeed the English had been mightily hindered in advancing their gallery, by the Enemy's Cannon, which often ramversed diverse of their posts; and as they were as speedily renewed again, with the loss of many poor lives; so these workmen adventured to advance the gallery here, and in the other two galleries also, for extraordinary wages, some ten, some twenty dollars in a night: And notwithstanding, most of these desperate labourers, made a dolorous end, and never enjoyed them, for the Muskets without and firelocks within, day nor night, were never at rest; besides skirmishes and ambushes still from either party exploited at all advantages. Truly, I speak it credibly, the French nation did never so good service, with such promptitude and dexterity, and so happy a success, as here before Breda; neither did they ever gain the like commendation since their first coming here, to serve under the States, as the whole Army, not themselves did testify.  
Well, upon the first of October, the Prince road down, with two followers, to the galleries, (as he most adventrously did every day) to pry into the Mines, 
The mines begun in the Towne-walls.  for he himself is an excellent Engenier: during his abode there, the Cannon and the Musket played most grievously upon the Towne-houses and Walls, in so much that the Enemy could hardly soot himself for any shot at all. But when night came, and the Spaniards re-setling their Cannons in the hollow flanks of their Bulwarks, than fell both sides to work, and all the Quarters about the Town, with thundering and roaring sounds, as if Heaven and Earth had met together, yea, and with a greater clamour than the Vlyssen wooden Horse made to fatal Troy. For the Prince's Cannon went ever all the night till the morning as thick off, as the nimble fingers of a youngling, 
Great thundering of Cannon and Musket.  play upon the Virginals; but their Musical Notes were different, the one delicious, and the other dreadful. Whereupon, and because the strength of the Enemy grew defective, their forces impaired by slaughter, and their Ammunition altogether deficient, (which was well known to the Prince, and the whole Army a Fortnight before this their reinforced submission) then beat they their Drums about the walls, 
The Enemy beats a parley to render the Town.  for a general parley to all the Quarters, about seven a Clock on Tuesday morning, October 6. Stilo Italico, and so the Cannon ceased on both sides, and there was no more shooting, invasion, nor resistance.  
Upon which there sorted an Officer from the Governor at Ginnekin Port, and well mounted on Horseback, who road Post up to his Highness, rancountering me as I ran down to the Trenches. The Commission of the Governor being delivered to the Prince, and his flexibility considered, there were Hostages sent from both sides, for the assurance of fidelity to other; three aged Colonels from the Prince, and six Burghers from the Town.  
Well, in the Afternoon there came from the Town five sufficient men of quality, and a Cathedral Priest, clothed in a white Robe, and a white Hat, signifying Peace; (for he was no Monk, unless he had been Lucifer in a Monks habit, nor none of the like order in the Town) These six came (I say) to capitulate with the Prince, and Council of War, upon pretended Articles. They moved the Prince for the Freedom of a Church to celebrate the Mass into, for the staying of some of their Clergy there, and some other libertinous demands; but they were all refused with this solid and general Answer: To wit, that these Conditions which Spineola 13. years before, Anno 1625. july 5. gave to Colonel Morgan, who was constrained by famine, after 11. Month's siege to surrender it; the self same conditions should they receive, and no more, and so it was concluded under the shadow of Eighteen Articles, the chiefest whereof were these: 
The Articles and Conditions made to the Spaniards.  First, that they should have three days time to stay in the Town, to prepare and accommodate themselves, and what they had for Transportation. Secondly, that the Prince should furnish them with four hundred Wagons, to carry away their loggage, baggage, Women, Children, Priests, and lame men for the Town of Machlein. Thirdly, that they should march out of Town with flying Colours, kindled Matches, shouldered Muskets, and Bullets in their mouths. Fourthly, that they should take with them four half Cannons, and two Pot-pieces; but the courteous Prince gave them two more, which made six Cartouses, and two Mortars. Fiftly, that none should search nor inquire for what they carried, nor no recapitulation to be made of booties and blood past, and that there should go a Convoy of Horsemen with them half way to Machlein. Sixtly, that all the Town Burghers, which were Papists, should have two years' time to reside there, for disposing of their houses, lands, or goods, during the which space, they were to enjoy the profits of whatsoever they had, and then to depart, under the pain of severe punishment, and confiscation of their estate. Seventhly, that the two Nunneries there, should have liberty to keep within doors enduring life; but no Priest to be allowed them for Masses, nor to stay within the Town, under the pain of Death. Eightly, that those Soldiers which were fallen sick, lame, or wounded, lying in the Hospital for health, should remain there in safety till their convalescment, and then to have a safe convoy, 
The Wagons sent to transport the enemy.  sent with them half way to Machlein. Ninthly, that there should two sufficient Pledges stay in Breda, until such time, that the Spaniards sent back the aforesaid Wagons and Bowers without any damage or offence.  
Leaving as unnecessary the lesser Articles to be rehearsed: Upon Saturday, October 10. the Wagons being all in readiness, and sent in unto them, and well provided with good Horses, they begun to take their journey, about 11. a clock in the forenoon, but very slowly, which wearied our expectation: First then, there marched forth 3. several and distant divisions of Muskets, Firelocks, and Pikes, and the fourth division came last of all with the Governor, and he also in a Coach, carrying with them fifty one Colours, the half of which wanted Companies, being cut off at the siege, so that one Ancient sometimes carried three Colours,  
Between the first three, and last division, came all the Wagons along, one draining after another, with their Household stuff, (o miserable furniture) Women, Children, and wounded people, with six half Cannon, and two pot pieces.  
Next unto the Bussport, at their forth coming, and without two draw Bridges and an empty Court du guard, stood the Prince his own Guard, 300. Foot, and a troop of Horses, all armed, with Corslets, and head-peices as clear as silver, 
The Enemies marching out of Breda.  or shining like to Eurileus Murreon in the Cinthian night; by & along whose faces they marched through Count Casmirs Brigade, for they were in arms, because they passed through their quarter, and in one part their Trenches were cast down for their departure.  
But what shall I say of the great concurrence, and innumerable numbers of people which flocked hither, of all sorts under the States, Merchants, Burghers, and Bowers, maids, and wives. that came, to see this Hispanicall farewell; nay, certainly there were above three hundred thousands, young and old: for such a sight at once, and on the fair Fields, was never seen assembled together, (as I may say) since Tamberlanes' days; that in my conceit it was a rarer thing to behold the infinite multitude here convocated, than either to stand gazing upon the vanquished Viadants, or to admire the alacrious faces of the triumphing Victors.  
Then before the last division of the Spaniards, and behind the Wagons, 
Romish Priests mounted on Caroches.  marched forth some Romish Religious Orders, namely, 16. Dominican Friars, and eight Augustine's, all in black and white habits. Next to them came some straggling Cordeleirs, amounting to ten, whom the Italians denominate Chiogolanti, because they wear wooden shoes: Then after them issued out five or six staggering Seminary Priests, 
Some drunken Priests.  who partly for sorrow to leave the Town and friends, and partly to expel their visible causes of grief, and invisible melancholy, they were so overwhelmed in the plunging profundity of Bachaniall streams, that one tumbled down here, and another fell there, whereby they became a laughter to all the Army, and a miserable mockery to scornful Spectators: Now amongst the Wagons there were here and there certain straggling Firelocks marching along, and behind their heels, that predominant and imperious sect of the Tiatinean Jesuits, being fourteen in number, and as well mounted on Carroshes of four wheels, as if they had been African Apes, riding on Elephants of four legs.  
The last division of the four was the strongest of all, 
Capushin Friars marching forth before the Governor.  and best accommaded; where behind them and before the Governor, marched seven couple of Capushin Friars, the first of which pairs carried a high wooden Cross, with a Ladder, a Reed, a hanging Sponge, and a Lance fastened to it, with other dependencies. The aged Governor being postremest, was mounted in a Coach, and overloaden with all the signs of a dejected countenance, marched away after the rest, (and I after him) to the utmost Trench or Line. Where the Prince of Orange stayed for his coming, accompanied with these three Princely brothers, his grand Nephews, Prince Charles, Prince Robert, and Prince Maurice of the Palatine, with all the other Dukes, Counts there present, and Generals of the Army.  
The Governor approaching his Highness, dismissed the Coach, and mounting on Horseback, saluted his Conqueror, with an exceeding low courtesy, and wring compliments: 
The Prince of Orange confers with the Governor in his journey.  The benign Prince did fully the like to him; where after half an hour's conference, and blandements blown on others mouths, the weeping Governor took a final farewell of his victorious Adversary.  
The number of these four Divisions, which marched away in Arms, were thought to be (besides four hundred straggling Firelocks●) about fifteen hundred Soldiers, all lusty men, and in good Equipage, whose Martial countenances seemed rather to have overcome these who overcame them, than to have been vanquished by their valour, and inexpugnable fortunes; whose brave service and desperate defence, for approved worth and deserved fame, may justly claim the Constantinopolitan Hippodrome, to engrave thereon their courageous Achievements, which in ten weeks and five days time they worthily performed. And truly I may say, although I have small reason for it, (when I remember these miseries I sustained in Malaga) that never Soldiers did more, nor could do better. Well, and thrice well, and howsoever they fought well, they are now well gone; and strait at the last of their backs, when they left the Town, entered in the Prince's Guard, and twelve other Companies, to keep the Burghers unwronged from insidiary Soldiers, till a constant Garrison was settled.  
At their entering the Gate, and I with them, his Highness' Trumpeters, from above in a Bulwark, founded three times, the most joyful Victoria, and the sweetest melodious Triumph, that ever I heard in all my life, wheresoever I have been. Now for contentment I stayed five nights in Breda, 
The Author's abode in Breda.  as glad to have obtained the freedom, which I had so dear bought before, in lying seven weeks and four nights in wet straw Howtes, on cold straw-beds, and continually in my clothes, which was a Noctuall Limbus to try my patience, as the Leaguer was a diurnal Purgatory for the purging of money out of my purse.  
But now, not to be oblivious, I recall, that at the beginning and about the middle time of the siege, there remained here in the Prince's quarter for certain days, these two noble Lords, the Earl of Warwick, and the Earl of Northampton; and with him was the Queen's Majesty's Dwarf, strenuous jeffrey, that Cyclopian creature, whose Gygantisme body made the Bulwarks of Breda to tremble: But rather I would say, this Son of Conopas made the whole Army to admire his monstrous smallness; who for this Bellonean practice our Champion saw, he may justly, as General, lead an Army of Pigmaes to the Catopian Fields; where Molon, Commander of the contrary Camp, will run at tilt against him, with the Lance of a Rush, as long as a straw: and so leaving this memorable Monument of a living Statue, I return to my purpose. Truly it was a pleasant thing to behold the cheerful countenance of common Soldiers, when they marched to the Court du Guard in the Market place, and to other remoter staunces about the walls; for they looked all as Lords of this vanquished Lady.  
And now the next morning after my first entry in the Town, being Sunday, there were two Sermons made in the great Church by Dutch Predicants to God's glory, where the day preceding, there had been fifteen Masses, celebrate to the Veneration of imaginary Saints. For Wine and victuals we found plenty in the Town, and no scarcity of any thing save of favourable faces; and for excellent good Beer of all Belgia, Breda is the Daughter of Bacchus. 
Melancho●● Burghers.  As for most of the Burghers, all this time they kept their doors fast, lamenting within what they could not help without, being shrewdly invenomed with the perturbulent jesuits before their departure.  
The Town itself I found mightily deformed, and the houses beaten down most lamentably with the Cannon; in all these three corned streets, that were opposite, to the three quarters without, whereof Ginnekin street, from the Prince's batteries was worst defaced; that it grieved me to hear of the great fatality, these downefalling houses brought to the inhabitants, as also the sorrow to behold between two extremes, the miserable effects of war; which I leave my mourning Muse to deplore.  

O woeful war, which lessens wealth, and strength  
And brings the ruins of ruin at length:  
It doth dishonour Honour, and degrade  
The mighty Man, from what his greatness had:  
Which weight let Tyrus, sometimes stately plumed  
With Troy and Thebes, both alike consumed:  
Swelled Niniveh, whose fragments nought imparts,  
And Learned Athens, once the source of Arts;  
With sightless Carthage, Lacedaemon rend,  
jebus and Bagdat, in a manner shent;  
Sardis, Syracuse, Adrianople lost,  
Nay, now stressed Almain with such sorrows crossed,  
Denote and show, what time and wars have wrought,  
That crushed their might (from flattering pride) to nought  
Nay, Monarchies, great Kingdoms, th'universe  
Are pressed to change, erected, thrown down by Mars.  
Like to the rage of the impetuous flood  
Debording from his banks, leaves slime and mood  
To choke the fertile plains▪ supplants the roots  
Of Herbs and Trees; defaceth quite the fruits  
Of Grapes and grain; and often breaks the walls  
Of strongest Towns, whereon destruction falls.  
Even so the fury of the bloody war,  
In breaking down the bonds of peace; debar  
The links of Love and alliance, quite defaceth  
The liberty of nature, and disgraceth  
The ornaments of Time; and cuts the throat  
Of martial darlings; then casts up the lot  
Of desolation; which destroyeth all  
Which can to mean or mighty men befall:  
So, so Breda, was fought, and sought, and wounded,  
By him, whose stock, her first foundation founded.   
Now the next morning after the Town was surrendered, there came forty eight Trumpeters before the Prince's lodging, and sounded the victory over Breda, and after them came four hundred threescore and twelve drums, doing the like, to whom and every one of them, there was rewards given as a thing due to their Calling after any victory.  
The third day of this vicissitude, being monday morning, than the whole quarters began to slight and cast down their works, equalizing them with the ground; but understand me better, no man wrought but for extraordinary pay, for they can not compel a Soldier, by the law of Arms, to do any more than march, watch, and fight, without a secondary acknowledgement: but the most difficult toil of all, was to empty the moat, of infinite bundles of Boughs and arms of Trees, and to pull down the Galleries, whose erections had been so fatal to many misfortunate lives.  
Then, and at that time, all the Country Bowers about, 
All the works and Approaches without are cast down.  were commanded every man in his own ground, to level and throw down, the out trenches, Redoubts, and other works, which in 16. days time was cheerfully performed.  
Now upon the fourth day after the Towns surrendering, being wednesday, October 14. there were solemn feastings, and bonfires made through all the Towns of the jurisdictions and Provinces under the united States, for this unestimable victory: And upon the sixth day thereafter, the Prince, Princess, and young Prince of Orange with all the chief Commanders of the Army, 
The joyful Victoria kept in Holland and Breda.  had their Jubilee, and Triumphs observed, within the Castle of Breda at supper, with bonfires, and thundering Cannons within the walls, to which the Army without, for 2. hours' space, made an equivox of Volley-roaring shots from innumerable Muskets; as if the mountains of Cuma, and Sybillaes' chambers, with their neighbour Apollo's Temple, had been thrown down, with a counterbanding clangor, in the Avernian Lake.  
And then the sequel day, all things for preservation of the Town being appointed and settled, as well for victuals as military provision; the Lord Baverward a brave young Gentleman, 
Baverward left Governor of Breda.  and natural Son to Count Maurice of famous memory, was enstaled governor: With threescore Companies of foot and horse, eight whereof were Scots, and English, the rest Duchess, French, and Friezes: Where now I leave them, as they were left, to erect three Sconces or Forts, without the works of the 3. Ports; and another Fort at Terheyden, to keep the River of Mark passable, and so thereby the safety of Traffickers procured. And now leaving this conspicuous Conquest, 
Good News from other parts which came to the Leaguer.  I fall upon the good news, that with this Victory, came all at one time to the Leaguer, to wit, that Marishall Chatilion, General of the French Army in Artois, had defeated there the Cardinal's Army, with the slaughter of two Regiments, besides some taken prisoners, and with them twelve Pieces of Ordnance.  
And from the Eastern Germany, the like good news came by one Mr. Grahame, son to the Heritour of Killearne, that the Scots and Swedes had given to the Saxon and Austrian forces, a ponderous overthrow: And with these Buonos Novellos, came the Victory of Bernard Saxe Wymer, fought beside Strausberg, against the Imperial Army, where with many thousands the Emperor's General was killed. Neither may I thrust in Oblivion the auspicuous attempts and approved valour of mine ever renowned Countryman, General Lesslie, who in a most singular manner, Anno 1636. August 9 at the battle of Whitesock, (besides other famous and fortunate Conflicts) had both the Vanguard and the Victory. O memorable Victory! and put to flight the Duke of Saxon, and the Imperialists with great slaughter; seizing on four thousand Wagons, five whereof were loaden with Ricks dolours, and with them twenty eight pieces of Ordnance.  
Where, and at which Rancounter, that hardy and redoubted Gentleman Colonel Robert Cunyngham was slain, 
Certain valiant Scots Worthies.  a son of the house of Boniton upon the River of Clyde, and once my Condisciple in Lanerk. Nor dare I seclude from this commemoration, that ever honoured Commander, General Ruthwen, whose fidele service and manly prowesses are Orientally known, as well to the foes, as to the friends of Swethlands Crown. And what shall I speak of late Colonel Hepburne? but let Germany, France, and fatal Lorraine, where he was killed, affirm and approve of him, that he was absolutely one of the best Soldiers in Christendom, and so consequently of the World. After whose death, succeeded to his place the younger Colonel Hepburne, his Cousin, son and apparent Heir of that ancient House of Wachton, who now lately, on the Frontiers of France, and about the former disastruous place, hath suffered the like fatal blow of preposterous death.  
But now to return to the Lesslies', of whom there are so many valorous Colonels and Captains, besides the aforesaid General, that I may justly aver it, that there are not so many of one Surname within Europe, and in this Age, have acquisted more credit, honour, and indubitable reputation, than that Heroic and Bellonean Name hath done. 
Twenty eight Scots Colonels at one time under the King of Swethland.  Whereof Gustavus ghost may testify not only of them, but also of diverse other worthy and noble Commanders, as these honourable Colonels, Mackay, now Lord of Raye; two of the Surnames of Lindsey, Earls of Crawfurd, the noble Forbes, two of Hamilton, three of Cuningham; the rest of the Colonels were Minroe, Lumsdale, Stewart, Keith, bailie, Gun, and that once highly respected Commander under the marquis of Hannay, Sir james Ramsey lately deceased: with sundry like Colonels, and many Captains of notable memory; and so from them generally of the whole Scots, their followers, that they have been the nerves and sinews of his Army, yea, and the Sword of his right hand: for as the Myrmedons were the Bulwarks of Alexander's fortunes, so were they the Pike and Buckler of all Adolphus most glorious Achievements, as well in Prucia, Germany, as on the borders of Russia, or else where; whose proper and peculiar Acts of most of them I could seriously divulge, but time, it traitors me: neither may this present Volume permit to engross any prolixious subject, (howsoever necessary) unless I had a proposed drift to perfect punctually in a larger Relation than this, their generous and general proceedings, their Heroic Exploits, and fastidious following of their adventurous labours in Martial Discipline; and so I hasten to Finis.  
But what shall I say? Scotland now a days hath no Historian, bravest Wits turn dull, Poets sing dumb, Penmen grow deaf, and best spirits slumber. And why? because there is no Maecenas, as little regard, 
Ingrateful Times.  far less reward to laborious Recorders. So that now by numbers of ingrateful Patroness, the praises of past Worthies lie interred in the dust, and future times robbed of the necessary knowledge of things past and present; and thus in the darkness of Ingratitude, the living men murder the memory of the dead. Nay, and worse, Penmen now may not labour in their pains, because of clownish Carpers, Critics, Calumniators, and distracted Censurers, that tore the life of Virtue in pieces with their spiteful tongues; for it is a more facile thing for a Miscreant to judge, than to suffer judgement himself: And especially some raw-mouthd younglings, (nay, rather foundlings) who being newly Laureate, after short four half years time spent in the College, they come forth from this small Commencement, (wanting wit, judgement, and understanding) like to Bulls broken out from Dungeons, to bear the faces of the world: Wise men are ignorant to them, the Laiety but Lubbards; old men but fools, and they will have men of honour, to honour them with the first good morrow, the top of the Table, the Right hand, 
The arrogancy of young beardless Scholars.  and the entry of the Door. And why? because they are overmastered with Art, not Masters of it; having their shallow brains loaden with the empty apprehension of bottomless Syllogisms, rotten rags of Heathenish Philosophy, and clouted phrases of Paganism Authors, who but they? and if they rail upon Divine Authority, Vulgars' say, they are brave Scholars, hopeful youths, and well set; away, run here and there, go beyond Sea, to teach and concionate. Some of which presumptuous crew I found here in the Leaguer before Breda, (I mean of mine own Countrymen, and none other) whose beardless mouths have greater need of more Learning, Knowledge, and Instruction, than to dare to do the thing they cannot do; whose Names I reserve to discover in my verbal and ordinary discourses.  
And now to close up all, the two aforesaid Rivers of Marck and A, 
Marck and A, returned to their own courses.  were returned again to their own Channels, yet not without great damage, and impetuous violence done to their next bordering bounds. After this the Army dissolved, and every Company sent to their own Garrison: where from thence also, the Prince with his ordinary Guard went up the Rhine, to survey and strengthen the Towns and places there of greatest importance, with all necessary provision.  
Whence I falling down from Breda to Dunhag, presented the Majesty of Bohemia, with some of my former works: And having viewed and reviewed her princely Children here, and at Leyden, six sons and four Daughters, whom God may long bless, prosper, and preserve; I returned to Rotterdam, and thence I embarked for Camphiere in Zealand.  
And now I think it not amiss, to lay open briefly some general Observations that I gathered of Holland, their condition of living, their politic government, and of their forces by Sea and Land. First then, 
The conditions and manners of the Dutcher.  as for their carriage and manner of conversation, they are a self-loving people, just and strict in their bargains, nothing to spare, nothing to lend; cheap buyers, and dear sellers; civil in show, and churlish of nature▪ their Birth and breeding semblable to the Mechanic vulgarity of their actions; painful and industrious for profit, but nowayes courteous, nor charitable: Their Gentry is mesculat, and the true Quintessence thereof remaining only in the house of Bredrod; they keep their houses cleanly, and go honestly apparelled; they will do any thing for advantage, and nothing without gain: They are great misregarders of Strangers, notwithstanding they live safely under the shelter of their bloody Swords; and in a word, they are pharisees without, and hollow Hebrews within.  
For government, 
The provident States.  the States, they are sublimely politic, wonderful provident, and great Intelligencers abroad; and for preventing inconveniences and foreseeing of safety, their Republic excelleth Venice, and all the Commonwealths of the world; they are mighty in means, laying grievous Taxes and Assizes upon the people, which still double the value of any thing the Commonalty buy or sell.  

H●l●and maintains yearly 100000. soldiers by Sea and Land.  As for their Army by Land, generally in Garrisons, and on the Field, consisteth (as I was credibly informed) of threescore and ten Thousand men; and by Sea, and in the East and West Indies thirty thousands more, which this handful of Holland doth daily sustain, the rest of this Discourse I omit, till such time that I enlarge my former Book of Travels.  
And now to observe my methodical order, I found in the aforesaid Camphiere a Scots Staple, and over it a venerable Gentleman, Master Patrick Drummond, Lord Conservator there for the Burroughs, (Merchants, and Traffickers here) of Scotland, to whose love I celebrate this grateful memory.  
This Isle of Waker, a part of Zealand, is eight English miles in length, and thrice as much in circuit, containing these three Towns, Camphiere to the East, Middlebrough in the midst, and Flushen to the South-west: between which Towns there is a delicate smooth Calsey of thin Brick, hedged and ditched on both hands; that in walking of it, me thought I had been in the Valley of Suda, else in the Tempian Plains, watered with pleasant Permessis. Arrived at Flushen, and attending for Transportation to England, 
Five Flusherer Ships seized on three Dunkirkers.  there came in one morning five Zelander ships, men of War, who brought in three prizes, Dunkirker ships, furnished with threescore and twelve pieces of Ordnance, some whereof were Brazen half Cannon and Culverin; and on these ships three hundred and sixteen Captives, who now lie there incarcerate till their Redemption.  
Indeed these Dunkirkers brought with them a great deal of joy to the Inhabitants: but what shall I say? the second night following, a drunken Pilot cast away one of these great ships (brought in these prizes) upon the Isle of Cassand, just before the Town; of whom, and of them, I may say as Maharrabell said to his Master, Vincere scis Annibal, victoria uti nescis. But now to conclude, if there be any Britannian or Hibernian desirous to see and try the effects of Purgatory, let him go over to Flushen, where it will soon purge his purse of Money, and his Heart of patience; and so farewell, for I am landed at Gravesend.  
FINIS.   

Imprimatur,  
Sa. Baker, Decemb. 13. 1637.