The Triplicity of Triumphs. Containing, The order, solemnity and pomp, of the Feasts, Sacrifices, Vows, Games, and Triumphs: used upon the Nativities of Emperors, kings, Princes, Dukes, Popes, and Consuls, with the custom, order and manners of their Inaugurations, Coronations and anointing. Wherein is also mentioned, the three most happy, joyful and triumphant days, in September, November and january, by the name of, Triplicia Festa. With a brief rehearsal of the Funeral Solempnities at some Emperors, Kings, and Princes burials. By Lodowick LLoyd, Esquire. Imprinted at London, by Richard Ihones, at the Rose and Crown, near Holborn Bridge. january. 1591. Liber minimus, labour maximus. To the most high & mighty Prince, Elizabeth, by the grace of God, Queen of England, France and Ireland. etc. ALexander the great (most noble and virtuous Queen) rebuked Aristotle the Philosopher, for that he read in Athens commonto his Peripatetians, which was peculiar to Princes: such is the state and dignity of a king, that the same Alex. commanded, that none should set him in colours but Apelles, nor in metals but Lysippus, I had not attempted (most sovereign Lady) to entreat of sacred Princes, to write of their nativities, inaugurations, coronations and anointings: of their feasts, triumphs, vows, sacrifices, with other pomp & solemnity thereunto belonging, things far beyond my reach, had not 3. several most just causes moved me thereunto. The first, the day of your Mayest. birth The 2. the day of your Highness coming to the kingdom, And the 3. the day that your Highness was crowned Queen of England, three most happy, joyful & triumphant days to England: through the which; we triumphed 2029●…. days with triumphs of ovation: the joys whereof forced me most humblyto present this to your Majesty, trusting that your Highness will so accept of a Britain for Brutus' sake, as Artaxerxes the great, accepted of the poor Persian Sinaetes, a glass of water of the river Cyrus, for Cyrus' sake, In maximis enim voluisse sat est. Your majesties most humble and obedient servant Lod. LLoyd, To the Reader. IF the Greeks' laboured so much, that they brought fifty of the most beautiful Virgins in all Greece before Apelles, to draw the picture of Venus thereby, and to be put up in Ceramicus. If the Romans travailed as much, to bring fifty of the fairest Ladies of old Italy, to set juno in colours, to stand in the Capitol, what may we in England say of such a sacred Prince, whose virtues, were they painted (which Plato saith cannot be) should far excel fifty Venus, or fifty junos', were all their profane worthiness in one picture painted: But all kind of timbers serve not to frame Mercurius image, and every colour serveth not to paint Phoebus: How be it, I will imitate poor Tymantes, who when he could not lively express in colours the majesty of Agamennons countenance, he threw a vail over his picture, to shadow his faults to escape the reprehension of the lookers on. I leave Athens to honour their Minerva in the feast of Panathenaea, with the triumph of Peplon: Rome to worship juno in her feast Quinquatria, with the triumphs of Epinition: the jews to solemnize their feast Neomenia, & the Persians' to magnify their Kings with sacrifices and songs of Theogonia: we will Ca●…tare Domino, and solemnize Triplicia Festa for the seventh of September, the 17 of November, and the 15 of january, which God grant us long to enjoy for Christ his sake our saviour. The Triplicity of Triumphs. Of the pomp and solemnity of Triumphs, games, and plays in Natalitia, upon the nativities of Emperors, kings and princes throughout the whole world. THe nativity of Emperors and Kings in old time were had in such honour and reverence, as all Kingdoms and countries of the world, devised by all means possible to observe those great and victorious days by feasts, triumphs, vows, sacrifices, games and plays to celebrate the memory of a good Prince borne, and to make mention of victories, peace, quietness, justice, and other infinite good things and great felicity which Vows made in the feast Natalitia. is held by the birth of a virtuous prince: and therefore the Romans vowed in this feast Natalitia, to build temples, and to erect up Altars, to solemnize games, to set up Images and statues in the Capitol, in the market place, and in the Orator's court: as in Athens they were wont to magnify and set forth the dignity of kings and princes nativities, with the triumphant Arches and Pillars in Ceramicus, in the Temple of the Muses, and in the Castle of Minerva: for the birth of a good Prince is as the nativity of a kingdom, and the second birth of every good particular subject within the kingdom: and therefore it was not lawful in these joyful feasts Natalitia, by Lycurgus' law in Greece, and by Numa Pomp: law in Rome, to offer any sacrifice of blood unto the Gods, but with corn, honey, milk, cakes, with all flowers and fruits of the earth, frankincense and Myrrh and other sweet odours: so Pythagoras saith, Nihil animatum Diis censuit immolandum in Natalitiis. So it was in the feast of Palilia decreed that no beast should be slain upon that day, for it was the birthday of Romulus, the first founder and king of Rome, which the old Romans with all feasts and mirth observed, for that was the day of Romulus' birth, who after was canonized a God, and named Quirinus: Upon the which day the Romans used three solemn feasts, games and plays, The one, a nativall feast in memory of kings and princes birth. The second, a triumphant feast in remembrance of victories and triumphs. The third, the great vowed feast which was the most magnificent, and the most regal feast of all celebrated in Circo Max. instituted by Tarqvinius the proud, the seventh and last king of Rome, continued by the Consuls and Dictator's: but fully enlarged and set forth with greater glory by Augustus Caesar. Vota pro salute principum. So that all countries held the nativities of their kings and princes, as the sound Anchor and sure stay of their states. For it was lawful as well to the vestals Virgins to be present at the feast Natalitia among the Romans, as it was for the Nuns of Ceres to come to the games of Olympia among the Grecians, for it was a free and a joyful feast. And therefore, we sing and say in honour of September. Sing we IO PAEAN glad, and say, our triumph now is such, That Persians' yield, and Greeks' give place, and Romans triumphs couch. Of the Vows which the Romans used to make for the health and good estate of their kings, Dictator's, Consuls and Emperors. IT was a custom among the Romans upon the third of The Romans Vows. january to make Uowes, and to sacrifice for the preservation and healthof their Kings, Dictator's or Emperors: upon the which day they erected an hundred Altars, whereon the priests called Flamines sacrificed an hundred or\d\e, an hundred sheep & an hundred Swine, with supplication to the Gods for their Prince, their country, and their children. This sacrifice was among the Grecians in old time, called Hecatombaea, and used after of the Romans in the feast Natalitia. Of the vows of the Grecians for their Princes, Governors, and Magistrates. The Grecians vowed for their Governors and Prince's The Grecians Vows. health and long life, to dedicate Statues and Images of Marble, Copper, ivory, Silver and Gold, to stand in Ceramicus, in their Castle of Minerva, & in their Temples, and to represent the majesty of their Gods with chains, jewels, crowns, garlands, with all solemn sacrifice, singing Poeana to jupiter the Saviour, and to juno the Song Herea, for the Princes of Greece, all the Priests and sacrificers being crowned with Garlands of Dlive leaves. A vow yearly made of the Egyptians for the prosperous estate of the Kings of A Egypt. AMong the Egyptians a strait law was made by the Priests of Memphis, that they should assemble into one place once a year, and shave their heads and their beards, and to dedicate the hairs thereof with solemn The Egyptians Vows. vows to their God Serapis at Memphis, to defend their Kings from all harms, dangers and death. The manner and order of the Persians' in making their Vows for their kings. THe ancient Persians' had their Kings in such reverence The Persians Vows. and honour, that the Wisemen, called Magis, for that they had neither Temples nor Images, would climb up to an high hill, and there make a pile of wood, and upon the wood they poured wine, milk, and honey and after sprinkled all kind of sweet flowers, as pawns and pledges of their vows, which they made for their kings with supplication and sacrifice to the Sun, whose temple (said they) was the whole world, then to the Moon, the stars, and the Wind, for the health and safeguard of their kings, all crowned with garlands of green boughs: and so other Kingdoms and countries, they vowed sacrifices, serving their Gods for their kings and Governors. Then England, Quid nisi vota supersunt. For her that sucked Melissa's milk, and sat on Pallas lap, Who can with sacred Sibyls sleight Calypsos wiles entrap. Of the Nativity of King Cyrus and of the Persian feasts or joy thereof. THe great king Cyrus (for so the Persians' named their Kings after Cyrus' time) upon the very day that he was borne, had victory over the Scythians and Saceans, The Persian feasts upon Cyrus' nativity. he so honoured and magnified that day, that Cyrus commanded that they should be called the great Kings and appointed that it should be so solemnized yearly with a regal noble feast, called Sacaea, after the name of that nation conquered: in the which feast was celebrated divers strange The great kings of Persia. kinds of ceremonies: as, the masters to attend upon the servants, the mistresses upon their maids, imitating the orders and manners in the feast Saturnalia, wherein also were Bachanalia used, in the which feast were men, women, and children, which disguised themselves like Fauns, with javelins wrenthed about with ivy in their hands, and with ivy crowns on their heads, dancing and skipping after Psalters and Howboys, singing sacred songs unto Bacchus, called Herodot and Ctesias. Orgya and Dithyrambos: this feast Cyrus commandad to be yearly solemnized in Babylon upon the sixteenth day of the month Joys, on the which day Cyrus (as some simpose) was borne: which day among the old Persians' was highly honoured, for of all the feasts and sacrifires of all solemn great days, the days of their kings nativities were must in honour esteemed. This was the only and greatest feast of the Persians', for the rich men would celebrate the feast of their King's birth with sacrificing of whole Camels, horses, Oxen, and Asses, sparing no cost in this feast: the poorer sort strained themselves with all charges to set forth the feast of their King's nativities: at what time the Magistrates used to sing the song Magophonia at their feast, and the song Theogonia Theogonia. at their sacrifice. For this feast Sacaea was called among the Thessalians Peloria, in C●…eete called Hermea, in some Hermea. place called Penagria. In another place called Saturnalia, but in all places used and celebrated with great solemnities at the nativities of Kings and princes, and here in England for September and November, Nil nisi dicimus Io. Your Dythirambion songs and Orgies tricks, your Bacchus' dance is done, Your ivy crowns and crowned Nymphs, Your sacred Thyrsus' won. Of the birth of Alexander and of the Macedonian feasts. THe Macedonians likewise upon the byrthday of the great Alexander by the decree and commandment, first of Philip, Alexander's father, who during his life kept solemnly a most royal feast for three several days. The first and the greatest feast was for his son Alexander's birth: The second cause was, for that his Lieutenant general Parmenio had gotten a noble triumphant victory over the Acaians. The third cause was, for that his horses & chariots won the garlands at the games of Olympia: This happened all in one day, on which day Alexander the great was borne. The same very day the monstrous great Temple of Diana was burnt by Herostratus to become thereby famous, at what time the Priests of Diana cried out, Magnum Asiae malum nasci. This feast Triplicia was long time after Alexander observed by the Macedonians, and yearly solemnized in memory of Alexander's nativity, with great triumph & pomp, upon the day of his birth, called Laeta & fortunata Macedonum dies: on which day the Macedonians used to wear the picture of Alexander about their necks in jewels, and on these fingers in rings. This day they used sacrifice, and celebrated plays & divers kinds of games. Argiraspides, Alexander's chief soldiers celebrated the feast of Alexander's nativity as long as they lived, and disdained to serve under King Antigonus, or any other King after Alexander died: Even so, Homotimi chief soldiers under Cyrus, refused to serve under Cambyses: and so of Achilles Myrmidones: and of Pyrrhus Dolopes. I may speak of others who refused (after renowned and valiant kings) to serve wicked princes & cruel Tyrants. If the Macedonians solemnized so great a feast, in memory of Alexander, upon the eight of February, who lived but 12. years King, and that with such blood, that he left scant a King upon the earth to succeed him, what may be said for September, and that for 32. Septembers past which we, sine caede & sanguine have enjoyed, Dux foemina factum▪ This we may well say and sing. Your stately dance Enoplia called, your pomp of Peplon fell: To your solemn Epenician song, you Greeks', must say, farewell. The manner and order of the Indians in celebrating the nativity of their kings. THe Indians so honoured the birthday of their King, at what time the days began to lengthen, that the king with all his Nobles went to the river Ganges to wash & bathe themselves, where they offered in sacrifice to the Sun a number of black bulls, for that colour among the Indians, is most esteemed. After sacrifice done to the Sun, the King held a feast, which the Romans called Hylaria, which was wont to be celebrated upon the eight Calend of April, at what time the Roman Matrons, and the young women of Rome crowned with Myrtle, bathed themselves before they sacrificed unto Venus. This very time, the young men of Athens kept festival days with mirth and pastime, to honour the Moon for the like cause as the Indians had for the Sun, This feast Hylaria had all public and solemn plays, with all kind of triumphs, for joy that the Sun began to turn his face, Hylaria. and to lengthen their days, tanquam patriae solatium & initium laetitiae: But what may we in England, the Sole & solatio nostro, for this 33. year Nun canemus Io: To sacred CYNTHIA sing we loud, aloud HYPINGOES sing: Hypingos. And sound IÜLOS CERES song, ELIZA'S birth to ring. jula. Of the birth of Xerxes and of the solemn feast thereof. THe great Xerxes' king of Persia upon the very day that he succeeded his father Darius H●…daspis as king, he yearly most solemnly used to celebrate such a princely noble feast in memory of that day, which the Persians' so honoured, tanquam imperii natalem, as he would command all the Nobles of Persia to come in the greatest pomp they Xerxe first day to his kingdom, called Titan. could, and he himself in his most sumptuous Persian robes with his Diadem upon his head, solemnized the feast with all pomp and glory. Upon the which day Xerxes was called of all the Peers, Nobles, and all his people Titan. This day was so celebrated among the Persians' in remembrance of Xerxes first day to his kingdom, so the Siracusianes honoured Timolion for his great victories, in memory whereof they yearly upon the day of his birth decreed, that plates and Timolions' birth. games of music, with running, wrestling, throwing of darts swimming, running of horses, with other exercises of the body should be celebrated. In like sort, the Parthians observed that day, that Arsaces' their King had subdued Seleucus with all kind of joys, mirth and triumphs that the Parthians could invent: they maegnified that day with all games and plays, & kept a great solemn feast in remembrance of their liberty and deliverance from their bondage and thraldom under Seleucus by Arsaces. If therefore they honoured that day, Tanquam imtium libertatis with songs Theogonia, shall we not Canere Paean, that have long inioted peace and quietness of liberty by the nativity of Eliza. Let Magi for their Persian states, sound their Theogonian song: Theogonia. Let Egypt of their Isis' brag. we sing ELIZA, long, Of the solemnity on the birthday of prince Aratus by the Achaians, with feasts and sacrifice. IN like manner the Achaians solemnized the nativity of Aratus nativity. Aratus with a royal feast and sacrifice, yearly upon the grave of Aratus, which was called Aratium: The priests were girded about with a purple cloth, the Senate in white robes with garlands of flowers on their heads, the Magistrates and chief Officers of all Achaia with great pomp crowned with Laurel and Myrtle, with hymns and songs made a solemn procession round about Aratium upon the birthday of Aratus: such was his love among the Grecians, that he was chosen seventeen times General of the Achaians: and therefore such was the memory of his nativity. The Trophies and triumphs that were invented to honour the nativities of Kings and princes were such, that some Cities builded to honour kings. builded Cities, as Alexandria, to honour Alexander's name: Caesarea to honour Caesar, and Antiochia to magnify the name of Antiochus the great. Yea, such were the dignities and honours of princes, that the Senators and Patricians of Rome, by common consent of all the Magistrates, changed the name of the month Quintilis to be called the month of Quintil is changed to july & Sextilis into August. july, to honour the name of julius Caesar, and the month Sextilis to be called August, in memory of Augustus' birth, which to this day stands. Yet Domitianus the Emperor, though he had commanded by a decree, that the month October should be called Domitianus after his own name, in remembrance of his nativity: and Germanicus, father to Caligula, commanded the month September to be called Germanicus, to hold his birthday, yet took no effect: such is the continuance and long memory of a good Prince, and such is the decay and short remembrance of a wicked prince. Of the feasts and triumphs in julius Caesar's nativity. THe nativity of julius Caesar upon the I'd of july, was by himself so observed, that among all imperial and triumphant feasts, he only celebrated games & plays, feasts and sacrifices upon that day, that far exceeded all other feasts and games: and after Caesar's death, his Nephew Augustus observed the like course in remembrance of his Iu. Caesar's nativity. Uncle, for he within his own Palace in Rotundo Templo kept yearly a solemn feast with all pomp and mirth, to set forth the remembrance of Caesar's nativity: which feast continued for six days, during which time, the plays called Ludi palatini were celebrated with Epinician songs of Greece. Thus, if the Persians' in remembrance of Cyrus' birth, the Macedonians in remembrance of Alexander's birth, the Siracusians of Tymoleon, the Parthians of Arsaces, the Athaians of Aratus, and the Romans in remembrance of Romulus' nativity celebrated feasts, games and plays, with all solemn pomp, mirth, joy and all kind of triumphs, singing out loud with songs of joy, called Talassius: Then, O quam t●… memoremus Eliza. Let Romans sing Mamurius song, And sound Talasius fame: We laugh aloud, and clap our hands, And found Eliza's name. Upon the twentieth day of the month Munichion, the young knights and lusty Gallants of Athens in most solemn order with the pomp of Peplon, went in procession-wise, crowned with Laurel, from the Castle of Minerva to the wood Aricinum to do sacrifice unto Diana, with torch's, Lamps, and sundry kind of lights in the night time to honour the nativity of Diana, which is set forth in the feast Elaphoboelea in February, with music, mirth and Elaphoboelea the song Hypingos. The nativity of juno. THe nativity of juno is set forth in Livii to the full in this sort. Two white Oxen were led from the Temple juno. of Apollo through the gate Carmentalis unto the City, after were carried two Images of juno crowned with garlands made of Cypress, after that went 27. young delicate Virgins appareled all in white long Garments, playing on instruments, and singing sacred hymns in verses in the praise of juno upon the day of her birth: after these Virgins followed ten men crowned with Laurel, marching forward in procession-wise with great solemnity, until Apulcus de aureo asino. they came to the market place, where the Virgins used some kind of stately dancing: after dancing, they went to the Temple of juno to sacrifice, and after sacrifice, solemnized a great feast in memory of junos' birth. The birth of Minerva. IN like manner, upon the kalends of March, the feast of Minerva was celebrated in Mount Celio at Rome, where Quinquatria, the plays called Quinquatria were sumptuously solemnized, continuing five days: at what time they presented Minerva with presents and rewards: On the which day, the young knights and lusty youths of Rome, entered in arms on horse back and on foot into Martius field, to honour Minerva's nativity with feats of Arms. This feast was in Athens solemnized by the name of Panathenaea, their Poets, Orators & musicans contended for victories on the day of Pallas birth, as they did in the games called Scoenici: The prize and reward of the Victor, was to wear a long precious garment called Palladium, wrought over with gold, and to wear a crown of Laurel, and to sit in the chair of Pallas. Of the birth of Ceres. THe birth of Ceres is solemnly celebrated with a royal feast called Cerealia, with all games thereunto belonging with hymns and songs named julos. julos. Of the birth of Venus. THe nativity of Venus is kept in memory among the The feast Adonia. Grecians and the Romans, that yearly upon the very day of Venus' birth, the feast Adonia is celebrated & the songs Eroticos, with music and mirth round about her Altar in procession-wise, all crowned with Myrtle, dancing, feasting, and sacrificing to honour Venus: may we not then say, O Dea certa nostra, and after sing of Eliza. How pale in Ida Pallas plead, how fond craved juno doom, how vain had Venus Paris priest, had then ELIZA come, Descend Calysto should from Sky, fly skies should Hebe fro, Urania should from skies depart, there should EIIZA go. Homer's Birth, SO Homer's day was observed, that upon the day of his birth they coined money in Chios with Homer's image and his name written about the image, so that when he died, seven cities of Asia contended for his funeral. Smyrna, Athens, Rhodes. etc. Epicurus birth, EPicurus Scholars on the twentieth day of every month celebrated a great feast, called Ichada, in remembrance of their masters birth: for upon that day they Ichada. carry their masters Image to this feast, and lay it in a chair, crowned with Laurel and trimmed with chames and jewels, with great solemnity, and with sacrifice to the Gods for Epicurus birth. BEfore Rome had grown to any greatness, the first Kings triumphed on foot into the city, as Romulus, who, though he triumphed over king Acron, whom he Acron. slew in a combat challenged, yet he carried upon his shoulders the rich spoils of the same King, being set in order upon a young green Oak, as Trophies of Triumphs. So did Cor. Cossus, who slew fight in field hand to hand) Tolumnius, General of the Tuscans: and so did Marcellus, who likewise slew with his own hand Britomarus,, King of the Britomarus. old Gauls, before they were called Frenchmen: This honour happened to none of the Romans beside, for Rome yet was scant heard of: but in continuance of time their triumphs grew vit to such a pomp, that some were carried in triumphant chariots drawn with huge Elephants, as Pompey the great in his triumphs over Africa: julius Caesar in his triumphs over t●… Frenchmen. Some were carried with their triumphant Chario●…, ●…rawen with tamed Lions: others drawn with strong tamed hearts, as Aurelianus: others drawn with The strange triumphs of the Romans. great Tigers, as Heliogabalus: others drawn with monstrous Mares, Hermaphrodits, and others drawn with huge large dogs: so that the Romans far excelled all Kingdoms in their triumphs, especially in the time of their last Dictator's and Consul's before their emperors time: for Pompey the great in his three triumphs over Africa, Asia and Europe, carried captives 339. kings children, princes, peers & noble men as prisoners, to stand pledges in Rome: among this number, he brought Aristobulus, king of judea, and Tigranes, King of Armenia, five sons and two daughters of King Mythridates. Others brought in their triumphs the Images and Statues of the kings which were slain, or otherwise died before they could be taken Captives, as Lucullus brought the Statue or picture of Mithridates, set out and painted very lively in Ensigns. Scipio carried in his triumph at Carthage, the image of Asdrubal, Hanibals brother. So Augustus brought the image of Cleopatra to Rome in his triumph, after she slew herself to bear company with her friend Marcus Antonius. Others brought in their triumphs Kings alive, as julius Caesar brought King juba and his son, with all their treasures of Mauritania in great triumphs and pomp into juba King of Mauritania. jugurth K of Numidia. Rome. Marius, brought in his triumph jugurth with all spoils & wealth of Numidia, with all the solemnity that could be. Paulus Emilius triumphed over Perseus, king of Macedonia and his children, whom he conquered and brought captives and prisoners into Rome. Others brought in their triumphs, with all pomp and solemnity, crowned with Laurel and with Olive garlands the forms, liknesses and pictures of mountains hills, woods, cities towns, rivers, situated in those regions whom they conquered. Lu. Cornelius Scipio after he had put Antiochus the great to flight, he carried in his triumph into Rome, the likeness and Alex. lib. 6. Cap. 6 form of 130 Cities and towns which he conquered in Asia, and therefore was surnamed Asiaticus. Scipio Asiaticus. Lu. Silla in like manner carried all the Cities of Greece, set out very lively on large Ensigns, and painted bravely on banners and flags. So did Marcellus carry the picture of the city Siracusia in his triumph, set out on long Tables. So did Caesar carry the likeness and form of the River Nilus, and the river of Rien in long Tables painted, with the Pictures of Scipio and Cato: So that nothing escaped the Romans' in their triumphs, for the greatness of the Empire grew such: But all these triumphs of Alexander, of Caesar, and of others were gotten with blood, and after lost with blood: therefore sing we of Eliza, the prince of peace. Rue Rome in Noenian verse thy loss, sing Greece your jalemon song: Cease Persia your Theogonian Odes, sing we ELIZA long. The triumph of Alexander the great over Darius, king of Persia was such, that from Arbela unto the great city of Babylon, the ways were so spread with all kind offlowers, and sweet spices: on the one side of the way were Altars thick builded of silver, gold, and precious stones, where the Persian Magis stood in their Persian weeds with all the glory and pomp that could be devised to do sacrifice to the Gods, singing their songs Theogonia, with sacred verses & hymns in praise of the Conqueror: On the other side of the way, were such sumptuous tables, full of wine, set up with fine cheer to solace the weary soldiers, every table having his banquet equal to the greatness of the victory: Alexander made his triumph into Babylon this way, with his Tigers, Elephants The greatness of Alexand. triumphe●…. & Camels, with a world of triumph s after him: his soldiers alcrowned with Laurel, & with Epinician songs in the praise of the Gods and the Conqueror, in such sort, that infinite it were to set down in particulars the pomp of that triumph, how Darius' wife, his daughters, his Nobles, his treasures: In fine, the glory & greatness of Persia was led in that triumph, whereby was Alexander slattered by the Magis Pyramids & Obelisks are Egyptian triumphs. of Persia, and the priests of Amon calling him the son of jupiter. After he had triumphed with pomp and great solemnity into Babylon, he married ninety of the Macedonian Peers unto so many Persian Ladies: and Alexander himself married Statira, daughter to king Darius. This feast continued five days with all the r●…yalty and magnificence of the world. I will omit his triumph over Porus, king of India, which seemed equal, or rather greater, than any his other Triumphs in Greece. In Macedonia were Pillars and Arches triumphant made, and set up as monuments and Trephees of triumphs, as the Egyptians had their Obelisks & Pyramids triumphant, as the only ornaments and remembrance of their kings. THe Roman Emperors were wont, upon the eight of August to celebrate festiua●…l games with all pomp and shows: in which feast Ludi Votiu●… were solemnly played: Ludi votivi which continued as many days, as the Emperor, reigned years in the Empire: for the number of the days in Votivis ludis should answer the number of the years of the Emperor's reign. So Adrianus honoured the first day of his adoption into the Empire, by his Uncle Trajan, with the plays Ludi votivi, as he celebrated the feast of his nativity with the games called ludi Natalitii, for these three days: the birth day, the imperial day, and the dying day were every where with great honour and pomp solemnized: for the Romans mused nothing more than one to excel another in pomp and in solemnity of triumphs: as Galienus had an hundred white fair Oxen with their horns gilded, and their backs Galie●… covered with all kind of changeable silk, ten Elephants, with other wild beasts: to the number of 200. strange Pageants, & divers games and plays, some representing the manner and form of Cyclops, some of Satyrs and Fauns: Others trampling and dancing, and fencing before the triumphant Chariot: Women and maids carrying torches, lamps and all kind of lights to celebrate the feast Hecatombaeon, & after to play the games Circenses, in memory of his nativity. The Emperor Probus, among other solemnity and pomp of triumphs, caused his soldiers to pluck up young green trees by the Roots, and set them so thick round about Probus triumphs. the place Circus maximus, that it seemed rather like a great park, or a green forest (than a Theatre to play on) wherein were a thousand wild Boars, a thousand Hearts, a thousand dears, a thousand wild Goats, & a thousand Estriges. The next day were brought an hundred terrible Lions, three hundred Leopards, brought out of Syria & Libya, three hundred mighty hugh Bears, an hundred Lionesses, with many other wild beasts: at what time they used hunting with Alex. lib. 6. Cap 6. all kind of weapons and darts, with all devices and policies for the kill of those beasts. In like sort Aurelianus triumphed over king Ode●…atus and over Zenobia, Queen of Palmeria, the pomp whereof was such, that three triumphant imperial chariots, one of silver, the second chariot all of gold, the third, all of precious stones, in the which Queen Zenobia was carried, a Queen of passing virtues and singular learning. In this triumph, the Emperor Aurelianus followed in the fourth chariot, Aurelianus triumph. which was drawn with eight fair strong Hearts. In this triumph were Elephants, Tigers, Alces, Camels, Leopards, beside infinite number of wild and tame beasts. In the triumph of Severus were four hundred wild beasts and three hundred tame beasts, in all seven hundred wild & tame beasts let lose in the Amphitheators in Rome: as Lions, Panthers, Elephants, and Bears, wild Asses, wild Oxen, and wild Bears, which after long, terrible and dangerous fight, were slain by politic stratagems, and the feast thereof was celebrated for seven days, an hundred beasts every day consumed in feasts, with all solemnity pomp, magnificence and glory. Titus celebrated two feasts: one in memory of his father Vespasianus, in Beritto, a city in Syria, and the other in remembrance of his brother Domitianus nativity in Caesarea: Who after great games and royalty, caused divers jews, Titus' triumph. taken Captive at the sacking of Jerusalem, to fight with terrible wild beasts, and so to be devoured. And so of the rest of the Romans triumphs, which were in number 320. from Romulus, the first triumphant King, unto Probus, the last triumphant Emperor: which continued 260 Olympiads, so long the Romans state continued. The Romans triumphed but 320 in 1200. years: O ten times more happy England, sithence her Majesty was crowned Queen until this day, 20295 triumphs of ovation without blood, which neither Romans, Grecians, Persians' could never boast of, for their triumphs were bloody: & therefore, bless we her birth, and say, Here jove Pandora stayed in state, here Mars Pamphila staled, Here Phoebus points Pansophias' seat, divine Eliza called: With Olives decked, with Palm attired, with Laurel crowned is she, With Myrtle branch triumphant like, a prince of Peace to be. Of the birth of Mahomet. THe nativity of Mahomet, which was upon Friday, is unto this day among the Saraceas solemnly celebrated with divers ceremonies and sacrifices in remembrance of his birth, every Friday through the year, but specially upon good Friday, in contempt of our Saviour Christ, the Saracens have such a royal feast, that the charges of that one days feast far surmounteth all the other 51. feasts. The Arrabians honour the nativity of their Mahomet so much, that they begin the year, and make their computation of time from the byrthday of Mahomet by the name of this word Hegyra, as the Hispaniards were wcont of long time after they were subdued by the Romans', to number their years from Augustus Caesar's reign, by these four letters, A, oer, a: which is, Annus erat Augusti. If these infidels and Pagans observe a memorial for the nativities of their kings and princes throughout the whole world: as, In Persia, the birth of Cyrus upon the 16. day of the month Lois. August In Macedonia the nativity of Alexander the great, upon the I'd of February. And in Rome the nativity of Romulus upon the 21. of Sept. In like sort, the nativity of Iu. Caesar upon the 4. I'd of july. The nativity of Nerua upon the 4. Calend of Decemb. The nativity of Adrian upon the 6. Calend of Novemb. Of Antonius pius upon the first of April. Of Gordianus upon the 1●…. of january. Of Constantine the great, upon the 4. Calend of February. And so of Trajan, Vespasian, and others, whose nativities were with great honour observed, and with great dignity of triumphs, feasts, sacrifices, games and plays, with all pomp and glory in remembrance of good kings nativities, solemnized: For Beata respub. cui pinceps Philosophus. If all the kingdoms of the world in their feast Natalitia in memory of the most happy state of a good King used all kind of strange inventions to magnify their kings: The Egyptians in their Pyramids & Obelisks: The Grecians in their triumphant Arches and Pillars: the Persians' with feasts & banstets, solemnized the nativities of their kings, and the Romans excelled with sundry pomps of triumphs to set forth The variety of triumphs the dignities of their kings, Dictator's, and Consuls. Others in the sacred wood Aricinum, do sacrifice to Diana with their pomp of Peplon. etc. Beside such magnificent and triumphant games and plays to set forth the dignities of the feast Natalitia in memory of good princes nativities. As, at Athens Magna Panathenaea, first instituted by Ericthonius to honour Minerva every fift year. In like manner as the games of Olympia was by Hereules, celebrated to honour jupiter, or Isthmia was by Thesaeus made to honour Neptune: So Isthmia, in Rome the great plays and games, called Ludi triumphales: Ludi Natalitii were only to that effect invented, to magnify good princes, and to record their worthiness with feasts, triumphs and plays in memory of their nativities. For at Natalitia. this feast of Natalitia, the common people assembled together with sweet flowers, green herbs: some made them booths with oaken boughs, and some tents, covered with long reeds with great banquets, and much mirth, to honour the nativities of kings. The Roman shepherds dressed upon that day their sheepfold with green rushes, sweet flowers with branches and boughs: they, their wives and families with nosegays and gatlands, with bagpipes and stddles celebrated their feast Palilia at the birth of any king, Dictator or Consul of Rome. In other places they celebrated the games Saturnalia in Saturnalia. Sigillaria. Lupercalia. December: their games Sigillaria in January: the games Lupercalia in February. But in Athens their Bacchanalia is solemnized in November: where the Ministers & priests of Bacchus and Diana, by the names of M●…mallones, S●…leni, Bacchanalia. Maenads Bacchaes, Satyri, etc. all crowned with ivy garlands The names of Bacchus' priests and with ivy Spears in their hands, singing the song of Dithirambos, dancing Enoplia with the pomp of Peplen to honour Bacchus. But our Bacchanalia in England is otherwise in November than in Athens: wherefore, we may Ca●…ere Paean, and say, Io, for our Eliza: For, With Graces three, with Muses nine, with Sibyls ten can she, With three the fourth, with nine the tenth, With ten the eleventh be. The nativity of our Saviour Christ. The nativity of our Saviour Christ seemed so simple, his life so poor, and his death so ignominious, that he was a stumbling block to the jews, and a laughing stock to the Gentiles: they so thought, for that he was borne in Bethelem a little village in judea, and that he lived and was conversant among simple people, without pomp and glory, and that he died the death of the cross with reproach and shame: supposing him to be a Carpenter's son, but they were deceived, his birth was most glorious, the appearing of the Star proved it, the descending of Angels singing Gloria in excelsis, did manifest it, the coming of Magis from the East, did confirm it: his life was most imperial, commanding water into wine, the blind to see, the lame to go, the sick to health, and the dead to rise. His death was most triumphant: with the song of Hosanna he vanquished devils, subdued hell, and conquered the world, and said, Cousumatum est. Therefore his nativity is to be solemnized of all Christians, his life to be worshipped, and death to be glorified with hallelujah, Osanna, and Gloria in excelsis, songs triumphant and sit for jesus Christ our saviour. Of the happy nativity of our gracious Queen Elizabeth. WHat shall we write further of triumphs and of nativities: But our day began the seventh of September, the most happy and blessed day of Queen Eliza's nativity, of whom we have triumphed 20295 days, every day being a triumphant day, sithence her majesties birth unto this present time. With whom, neither Romulus, though canonized, and after called God Quirinus: neither Cyrus, though named the Great King: neither Xerxes. called Titan: neither Alexander the great, though called the son of jupiter: neither Caesar though called perpetual Dictator. In fine, neither Assur, nor Pharaoh: neither jew or Gentle can with their Triumphs and pomp of nativities, match Eliza's birth. The reason is plain, because her God is the God of Abraham, in whose seed the children of God possess eternity, and for whose sake, we in England enjoy peace and quietness. Thus endeth the feasts Natalitia, concerning the Nativities of kings and princes. Of the ancient order & manner of the inaugurations & coronations of divers Em perors, Kings, Princes & high Priests: with their several ceremonies & solemnities: and first, of the sacred anointing of Aaron the high Priest, by Moses: of his glorious garments of consecration, sacrifice, and sacred anointing of the high priest, to be observed in Israel for ever. AFter that the Tabernacle was made, which was long before the Temple, God commanded Moses to call Aaron, & first, before he should be anointed high Priest, Aaron's anointing. to make such sumptuous and glorious garments, as the excellency of his calling might be known, and the dignity of his Office present the Majesty of the highest. Hence all the anointed christian kings of the world took their platform, as an example to be followed in the inauguration, anointing, and crowning, by God warranted, and by his spirit particularly set down to Moses: all the cunning and skilful workmen in judea were appointed to make Aaron's holy garments: which were these, 1 A rob, 2 An Ephod. 3 An embroidered Coat. 4 A breast Plate. 5 A Mitre. 6 A Girdle. 7 An holy crown. These were called holy garments, and be consecrated before the high Priest should be anointed. First, a breast plate and an Ephod, and upon the Ephod two Onyx stones, on the which were graven the 12. Tribes of Israel, six upon the one, and six upon the other, which was made of pure gold, blue silk and purple Scarlet, and fine twined lumen of embroidered work. Then had the high Priest an embroidered coat, wrought very curiously, and a curious rob wrought unto the ground, upon whose skirts were pomegranates in gold wrought with purple silk and scarlet. Then did Moses set a Mitre upon Aaron's head, and upon the Mitre a plate made of pure gold; called the holy crown, on which was written this sentence, Holiness unto the Lord. For the high Priest could not give sentence without that on his breast, upon the which were written these words, urim and Thumin. A breast plate of judgement with the like work as the Ephod was, and made four square, an the which were set four rows of stones, in this sort. The 1. row. A Ruby A Topaz. A Carbuncle. 〈◊〉 stones. The 3. row A Turkey. An Achate. An ●…ematit The 2. row. An Emerald. A Saphir. A Diamond. The 4. row. a Chrysolit. An Onyx. A jasper. These 12. stones, according to the names of the 12. Tribes of Israel were wrought with gold, and set in embosment. After these holy Garments were made, the high Priest was brought unto the door of the Tabernacle, which was covered with blue silk, purple and scarlet, twined & wrought with needle work over, and there he was anointed, to be high priest & his posterity after him, putting on his coat first, & after the coat, the tunicle of the Ephod, them the Ephod itself, them the breast plate after he had put on a Mitre upon his head, & upon the Mitre an holy crown, and then was the high Priest anointed with the holy oil, and his Garments hallowed with Exod, 29 sprinkling of the oil upon them, and these holy garments were reserved for the successor of the high Priest, to be therein anointed, and to minister in the holy place, for the sacrifices and solemn ceremonies which were commanded to be done at the consecration of the Priest. Of the sacred anointing of the kings of Irsaell. The anointing of the first king of Israel, was by Samuel the Prophet, who was commanded to anoint Saul, the Saul annoi●…ted k. of Isra●… first king of the world that was anointed: he poured oil upon his head, he kissed him, and said, the Lord hath anointed thee king over his inheritance: and the people shooted, & said, God save the King: at this time began first the use of oil in anointing of Kings: After this manner were Saul & David anointed Kings of Israel, and after David, his son Solomon. The order and ceremonies, were to ride upon the kings beast, and to sit upon the king's throne, where the Prophet (being called the Seer) poured the oil upon his head, to signify the gift of the holy Ghost: then the Prophet kissed the king upon the cheek, and turned his face to the people, and said, God save the King: Then they sounded the trumpets, and brought him to his dinner with all mirth and music. Thus were Saul and David anointed by Samuel, and after them Solomon anointed king. Of the manner and order of the inauguration and the making of the kings of Rome. IT was not lawful by the Law of Romulus, to elect any king in Rome, without divination, which during the first kings in Rome continued at the election of any King in Rome before the Consul's time, at what time the soothsayers should ascend up to the top of an hill, or climb upto an high tower, where the soothsayer sat upon a stone with his face towards Halycar. lib. 1 the South, with his Auguring staff called Lituus in his left hand, with the which he divided, and marked out the Lituus. quarters of the heaven, the four coasts of the South upon the right hand, and the North upon the left: having done sacrifice, and offered oblations with sacred vows made, he laid his hand upon the new elected kings head, heaving up the other hand unto heaven, looking as far as he could to the south, prayeth in this sort unto the Gods. jupiter Pater, si fas est, Numam Pom. cuius ego caput teneo, regem Romae esse, uti nobis signa certa ac clara sint inter eos sines quos feci: He earnestly looking into the South parts, either for lightning or thundering, or some flying of birds or some strange motion of stars, at the sight of which things, the soothsayer The inauguration of the first kings of Rome. openly pronounceth him to be king elected by the Gods, if no sign had appeared, yet one ex Collegio Augurorum, standing upon the left hand of the soothsayer should openly pronounce him king, lawfully elected, and appointed by the consent of jupiter and Mars, which were the two chief Gods, to whom the old Romans sacrificed: Then the king should be brought into the company of the sacred Priests called Flamines, and Feciales: there the high Bishop, called Pontifex maximus should bring him add Forum, to the Market place, ministering unto the king his oath. 1 Vt teneret sacra Deorum piè & syncerè, 2 Vt Iura sanciret patriae cum cura & industria. The oath of the Kings of Rome. 3 Vt urbem Roman defenderet constantia & fortitudine 4 Vt Populum tueretur cum study & prudentia, 5 Vt debitum honorem & obsequium Pontifici max. to the Priests, Flamines and Feciales. Then the Priests Flamines, brought him in a coat of Purple in grain, and upon that, a long rob of purple colour, which Romulus appointed to set forth the majesty of a king, with twelve sergeant carteng Maces before him, and twelve Typctaves before the sergeant, to make room, and to keep the people back: three hundred of the kings guard called Celeres, and an hundred Senators attending upon the new King to jupiters' Temple, to offer sacrifice, and from jupiters' Temple after sacrifice, to his Palace, to mount Palatine. Of the order of the inauguration and Coronation of the kings of Persia. IN Persia after great King Cyrus' death, for so were the kings of Persia called, Great kings: his Successors used Cyrus' orders, with the like ceremonies as was solemnized The inaug●…tions of the kings of Persia from Cyrus' time. at the inauguration of King Cyrus: for then there was no anointing of any king in the whole world but of the kings of Israel: other nations used such ceremonies as their countries observed in their electing of Kings. In some countries they made choice of the most likeliest man in sight, as among the Ethiopians. Among the Meads, he that excelled in comeliness and tallness of person and strength of body, should be elected king. In Libya, he that was most swift in running should be King. In Persia, than a Kingdom under the Meads, until Cyrus' time, whose greatness grew such, as he became the only Monarch by whom all the East kingdoms were subdued: his successors, the great Kings of Persia were with these ceremonies made kings. They should sit in Cyrus' chair, they should put on those garments that Cyrus first ware, which were kept as monuments and relics for the Kings of Persia. The new King sitting so in Cyrus' chair, three of the greatest Peeresin Persia brought unto him three dishes, in the one were five dry Figs: in the second a little Turpentine: the third Milk. These ceremonies being finished, after that the new King had eaten of the dry figs, and had tasted of the Turpentine, and drank of the milk, he rose from The ceremonies at the in auguration of the kings of Persia. Cyrus' chair, and was thence brought unto the next hill: for the Persians' had no Temples, nor Altars there. After supplications done, they sacrificed unto the Sun, whose Temple (say they) is the whole world. Thence the King is brought to Persepolis, where the new King again putteth on the twelve sundry robes of Cyrus' one after another by several ceremonies to be done, while they don sacrifice unto the whole host of heaven, the Sun, the Moon and the Stars, whom the Persians' call in one name jupiter. Magis there having Tiara on their heads, and crowned with Tira. Myrtle, sang their sacred songs Theogonia, while the new King is putting on of these twelve robes. After this, the King went to Cyrus' chair, and read the laws of Persia: for as the old Kings of Rome were only by Magi. the divination of the Augurers made kings: and instructed in their kingdoms, so the kings of Persia were by their Magis instructed in their sacrifice, & taught in their religion, without whom neither was it lawful to the Romans to do sacrifice Augurer●… without their Augurer stood by, or to the Persians' without their Magis being in place. Of the ancient order & ma ner of the inauguration and coronation of the Emperors of Rome. THe Romans in the latter time, were wont at the Coronation The first emperors of Rome were not crowned, 3. crowns be longed to the Roman empire. of their Emperors, to have three several crowns, the first of silver, which was kept in Aquisgrane, a city in Gerard many, this crown belonged to the states of Germany, where the late Caesar's were by consent of the whole peers of Germany crowned first. The 2. was Iron, which was kept in Milan, a city in Italy, where likewise he should be crowned with that Iron crown, which belonged to the kingdom of Lon●…barde. The third crown was the imperial Diadent of the Romans Empire, kept by the Popes of Rome, and before the Popes, by the Bishops of Rome, which continued after Christ 600, years and odd: Two days before the Emperor should be crowned with the third and last Diadem, he should come unto the Chapel of the emperors palace, the Bishop (after sacrifice and service done) should anoint the Emperor, having on his head the Iron Crown of Longobard, The ceremonies at the coronation of the Emperors of Rome where before he was crowned. Now before him was brought by a marquess, a golden sceptre, and by a Duke a sword of gold: the 3, a sphere of gold with a cross, full of precious stones: the 4, the imperial Diadem of the Romans: Fron thence the Emperor was brought to Vaticanum by a Cardinal, where, after he had read many Roman ceremonies and customs ex libris Pontificiis before Caesar, he held him a book, whereon the Emperor should swear to defend & maintain the Pontifical dignity of Rome. From thence two other Cardinals should lead the Emperor into S. Gregory's chapel, where he should wear the imperial rob, with certain weeds & robes of rich garments of Damatia The orders of the coronation for that time appointed: there also certain ceremonies were read to him, concerning his care & diligence in the administration of the Roman Empire. Omitting the particular celebration of sundry ceremonies, he was with the holy oil anointed upon his shoulders, & upon his right arm by the ancient Cardinal, and after, by the Bishop of Rome stalled in his imperial seat, where the Pope delivereth unto him a golden sceptre, signifying thereby he should godly rule his people: after, he delivered him a naked sword to persecute the enemies of Christ: thirdly, a golden apple: & four, a Crown, called rather Tiara, for few Emperors of Rome used to be crowned at their inauguration at their first coming to the Empire. These were Insignia Romani imperii: the Emperor after these ceremonies being thus finished, kneeling down with great reverence kissed the pope's foot, & took his seat upon the left hand of the Pope, which was very richly appointed, and then was called Emperor: then the Bishop and the Emperor received both the Communion: and after, the Trumpets sounded, the bells rang, the people shouted, they brought the Pope unto his horse, the Emperor standing on the left side of the Pope's horse, gave the stirrup to the Pope's foot, and then (the Emperor mounted on horse) took still the left hand of the Pope, before whom were carried three Ensigns. The first was the Ensign of the Church of Rome: the second was the Pope's peculiar Ensign. The third, was the Emperors. This briefly was the manner and order at the coronation of the Emperor Charles the fift, the only Emperor of Rome since the time of Charles the great. 6. Cal. Martii Of the Coronation and anointing of the late kings of Rome: in this sort. THe king that should be elected King of the Romans, was appareled in a rob of Red silk, strait girded about him, upon the which he ware another italical gown, his cloak was wrought with gold over, and his hat in like sort, as the seven Electors hats of Germany were: in this apparel he is brought under a canopy, whom some of the king's peers did carry over the king's head into the temple. The Electors do carry the imperial Ensigns before the King, which were before, at the coronation of Emperors, 〈◊〉 golden Apple, a type of the whole world, which County Palatine, one of the Electors, carrieth on the right hand before the King: The Sceptre was carried on the left hand before him by him that is Elector in Brandenburge: The Sword is carried in the middle before the King by the Duke of Saxony: and the King himself led between two Bishops. Where, after the King was placed in his seat, and the rest of the States and Peers of Germany, with foreign Ambassadors being likewise placed, some prayers and ceremonies ended, and they brought unto the Altar between sour Bishops, the Bishop of Trevire, the Bishop of Vnizheburge on the right hand, the Bishop of Collen and the Bishop of Spire upon the left hand of the king, the Archbishop of Moguntia solemnizing the sacred service at the Altar, which was also to anoint him king. Before the Altar the King kneeled, being demanded publicly by the Archbishop, whether he would observe the christian The inauguration of the latter Kings of Rome. faith, defend the Church of Rome, administer justice unto the people, augment and increase the Roman Empire, protect widows, Orphans and the poor: And last of all, whethee he would yield due reverence and obedience to the Bishop of Rome: To these demands the king affirmatively answered, that he would. Then after some prayers done, the Archbishop anointed the former part of his head & his shoulders, also, his breast, his right arm, and the palm of his right hand. After, the County Palatine, with these sour before named Bishops, leadeth him into a secret place, where the king putteth on certain hallowed Garments, which Charles the great was wont to wear at his coronation. From thence the King again was lead unto the Altar, where the Archbishop of Moguntia delivered unto his hand a naked sword, with some ceremonies and words in commending the regal seat and kingdom of Italy into his hand, the Sigon. lib 4. Cap. 24. king put the sword into the sheath, and the Elector of Saxonia lay the sword on the kings side. After, the Archbishop did put a Ring on his finger, and laid a cloak upon him, which were for the coronation of the kings of Rome, by Charles the great appointed 700. years past and more. Then was the king brought and stalled in Charles the great his seat, as a full possession of the kingdom: where then the Sceptre and the Apple were delivered unto him: and the Crown was put on his head: then the Archbishop pronounced him King of Rome, commending the king unto the people, and committing the people unto the King, at what time the trumpets sounded, and all kind of mirth and melody solemnized, which I omit to write. In this order was Maximilian crowned King of Rome. Cigo. lib. 4. Cap. 24 Of the election of the Emperors and of the kings of Germany. THe election of the late kings of Rome are in this sort, Septemuiri. the seven Prince's Electors called Septemviri meet early, about six of the clock in Romanaeo, there they consult until nine: from thence they go in solemn order into S. Bartholomew's. First goeth before, the Archbishop The manner & order at the election of the late kings of Rome and Emperors of Germany, by the 7. electors of Moguntia and the Bishop of Trevire: Next went the Bishop of Collen and the King of Bohemia: Then last went County Palatine, the Elector of Saxon. & the Elector of Brandenburge, and so in order sat in the Church: and after some prayers done, they came from their seats with great pomp and solemnity unto the Altar: where every one of the seven princes Electors take there a solemn oath one after another, in these words. I do swear upon this Evangelist before me, that with all my faith which I own unto God, my diligence and care which I own unto the Empire, without reward, or hope of greater honour that I will choose with all faith and truth, a just and The oath of the Electors in choosing both kings & Empetors of Rome. a fit man for the Kingdom of Rome, as much as in me lieth. After this oath is ministered unto the seven Prince's Electors severally one after another, they return into their seats: then they sing most solemnly with Organs, Shawms and other music, Veni Creator. After this, they withdraw themselves into the Council house, where they stay half an hour (the door locked upon them) they call the chief Peers of Germany unto their Council house, as Messengers unto the Emperor, to signify their election, and to desire the Emperor in name of the Electors of his good will herein, and if his Majesty would vouchsafe to come to the Church of Saint Bartholomew's at Frankford, a place as Westminster is in England, or S. Dennis in France. If the Emperor come, he is received by the Archbishop of Moguntia and the Duke of Bavaria, and the rest of the Electors meet him at the Church door according to their custom, and there with solemnity and pomp, they bring him into the Council house in his imperial rob, and his Diadem on his head to accept of this election: and from thence (after the election is signified unto him by the Archbishop of Moguntia) in order they come forth into the church: the Emperor unto his imperial seat: the new elected King lead between the aforesaid four Bishops unto the Altar, according to the wonted rites and ceremonies of their elections, they set the King, and there he is crowned King by the Electors. Te Deum etc. is sung, than the trumpets, bells, guns, and all kind of sounding is there, and after all this is done, they lead the King unto his royal seat, provided in the midst of the Church, and there proclaimed King of the Romans, and Kings of Rome heirs of Augustus. heir of Augustus. Thus shortly have I laid down the manner of the election of the latter kings of Rome. They have their several ceremonies in crowning of their Kings and Emperors: In Aquisgrane with silver: In Milan with Iron, and in Rome, with a Crown of gold: For these three Crowns belonged proper to the Empire of Rome. Of the manner and form of the inauguration & anointing of the kings of France at their coronations with all other ancient ceremonies and solemnities. FOr the inauguration and anointing of the Kings of France: First, a regal throne is made in the body of the Church at S. Denis, the night before the king of France is crowned, the keys and custody of the Church is committed to the kings guard: the King that night entereth into the church very devoutly to pray, & there continueth a while: in the morning the kings watch with his guard; lock all the doors of the church: morning prayers being ended, the King with all his barons, nobles & peers, with all archbishops & Bishops early in the morning come to the church, where the archbishop of Rheims doth most richly attire himself to celebrate service. In the mean time, the Abbot and the Monks of Rheims bring Ampullam to S. Dennis with great reverence, the Archbishop coming to the Altar in his Pontifical robes, and speaketh to the king in this wise. We request thee, and require thee, that thou defend the canonical privilege of the Church committed to our charge, & that thou wilt observe justice and the law of France, as that The charge given to the K. of France at their coronation. thou wilt keep us and save us, as a King ought in his Kingdom preserve and maintain any that putteth confidence unto him, whether he be of the Clergy, or of the laity: To this the King doth promise; and voweth, that he will defend, maintain, and keep with all his power both the state of the Clergy, and the laity, saying, Promitto & ●…ro me unicuique vestrum, legen & ius debitum Ecclesiae seruaturum. This doth, the king of France promise and swear with a solemn oath before all the states of France: After the king's The King's oath. oath is ended, two Archb. take the king by the hand, and lead him before the high Altar, where he kneeleth until some certain songs and prayers be ended, Upon the Altar is set most so lempnly the imperial Diadem of France, with another lesser crown beside the regal sword in his scabbard: there are also laid upon the Altar a pair of golden spurs, a Sceptre of pure gold, with a golden rod, springingforth (as it were) out of an ivory hand: also a pair of hose, called Sandanali of purple colour The ancient monuments at the coronation of the K. of France. wrought ovet cum floribus Lirints of pure gold, a coat which is called Dalmatica, and a regal cloak: these were ancient monuments and orders of France, instituted by Charles the great, & left as relics & monuments after him to his successors, the kings of France. These aught the Abbot of S. Dennis to bring to Rheims from his own Monastery, the K. standing before the Altar, unlaceth himself unto his shirt, the great Chamberlain of France receiveth at the Abbot of S. Dennis the sandals, which the king weareth: After, the Duke of Burgundy putteth the king's spurs on, and presently taketh them off again, than the Archbishop girdeth the sword to the king's side, and strait taketh it off, and draweth it out of the scabbard, and delivereth it into the king's hand: saying Accipe gla dium tibi datum, quo possis repellere omnes inimicos sanctae Ecclesiae, regnum sibi commissum defendere. etc. Take this sacred Sword which is delivered unto thee from above, whereby thou mayst resist & banish all the enemies of God, and the adversaries of his Church, defend the kingdom committed unto thee. Then the Chore sang this Anthem, Confortare, & esto v●…hs, & obserua legem domini Dei tui. etc. The words of the ceremonies. Be strong and courageous, and observe the laws of thy Lord God, that thou mayst walk in his wales and keep his commandments, as testimonies of his love, and God shall strengthen thee, and save thee wheresoever thou be. The king taketh the sword out of the Archbishopes hand and delivereth it to the Constable of France to be carried before the King, than the king is anointed with the holy and most sacred oil. which was brought by the Abbot of Rheims, but before that the K. is anointed, the Archbishop readeth 3. short collects for the grace & blessing of God, whereby the king might the better govern his people with wisdom & virtue. Then the King kneeling is ready for the holy oil, and by the Archbishop is anointed in five places of his body. First, upon his head, then upon his breast, thirdly in the at me holes: four, on his elbows, and fifthly, and upon both his shoulders, saying these words at every several anointing. Vnguo te oleo sanctificato. etc. I anoint thee with this sanctified Oil in the name of the Father. etc. and all the Bishops and States say, Amen. While the Archbishop anointeth the King, they in the Chore sang this Anthem. Sadoke the high priest, and Nathan the prophet came to Solomon at jerusalem, merrily The Anthem at the annoin ting of the King. saying, God save king Solomon for ever. Then the Archbishop reciteth a Collect, desiring God to anoint this King, as he had anointed his Priests, Prophets, and his Martyrs, which only through faith subdued Kingdoms. etc. When the Archbishop had ended some prayers after the an 'nointing of the King, and being lead up again by the Archbishop and Bishops, the great Chamberlain of France putteth upon the King that rich garment, called Dalmaticus Cereleus, like a coat, and upon that he putteth a most sumptuous Princely cloak, called Regale pallium. Then the Archbishop delivereth unto the King the ring, and putteth it upon the middle finger of the right hand, saying, Accipe anulum. etc., Take this ring in token of thy holy faith, the firmness and soundness of the Kingdom, whereby thou art to vanquish thy enemies through triumphant power, banish all heresies, and to bring thy subjects to continue faithful to God through Christ. Then the Archbishop delivereth the Sceptre in the King's right hand, saying also: Accipe Sceptrum in signum regalis potentiae. etc. Take this Sceptre of thy Kingdom, in token of regal power to govern the kingdom truly and faithfully and to protect the Church, and the people of God. After the King and the Sceptre are in this sort delivered to the king, he putteth into the left hand of the king, the golden rod, in like manner saying, Accipe Virgam virtutis aequitatis. etc. Take this rod of equity and virtue, whereby thou mayest instruct the ignorant, and raise them that fall, to comfort the good men, and to fear the evil through him that is the rod of jesse, the key of David, and the sceptre of Israel. After this, the Lord Chancellor of France (if he be in place present, if he be absent, the Archbishop with all the Peers of France, aswell of the Clergy, as of the laity, do solemnly bring the Regal Crown of France from the Altar unto the Archbishop, who setteth it upon the King's head, all the states of France laying their hands upon the Diadem, and there hold their hands, while the Archbishop pronounceth these words, Deus coronet te Corona gloriae, & honoris, & justiciae. etc. God crown thee with the crown of glory and honour, with the crown of justice and constancy, that thou by strong faith and fruits of good works, mayst come to the kingdom of glory. After that the King is crowned, the Archbishop reciteth certain short prayers, and at the end of every prayer, the Bishops, Peers and the states say, Amen. When these prayers be ended, the Archbishop turneth his face to the King, and saith, Stabilis esto, & retine statum. etc. Be strong and constant, and keep thy state, which thou hast by succession from thy Father by the law of heritage. These ceremonies being ended, the Archbishop with the rest of the States, lead the king in most solemn and triumphant manner unto a high throne, made and provided purposely for the King, that he might be seen of all sitting in his chair, where the Archbishop that doth solemnize this coronation, cometh unto the King and kisseth him on the cheeks, saying, Vivat Rex in eternum. Let the King live for ever. In like sort, the chiefest Peers and states of laity & Clergy use the like crremonies, and sateng the like words: the Gospel being read, the King standeth up of his chair, taketh off the Crown from his head until the Gospel be ended: Two chief archbishops do bring the Evangelist from the Altar unto the King in his throne, & there kisseth the book, and after is brought by the states to the Altar, to offer oblation, service. etc. Bring ended, the Archbishop taketh the imperial Diadem of the King, and those ceremonial robes and holy garments, provided for the coronation of any King in France, and putteth on the kings head a lesser Crown with other princely rich apparel, and so the king is brought into his palace with all solemn pomp and triumph: The Barons of France do bring Ampullam sanctam very honourably Ampulla, a sa ●…ed relic. again into Rheims. These are the whole ceremonies at the coronation of the Kings of France, even from Charles the great his tune, and by him first appointed, as a general inauguration of all the kings of France. Philippus, surnamed the Fair, being ready to die, called his eldest son, named Lewes Hutinus, whom he taught to Phillippus Pulcher, his charge to his son at his death. heal the evil sickness, called Strumae, instructed his son to use the words which at this day are used, commending chastity & holiness of life to be a great cause in curing of this disease. Of the inauguration & anointing of the kings of Hungaria at their coronation. AT the inaugurat●… & coronation of the kings of Hungaria 〈◊〉 the peers & nobility of Hungaria and Bohemia are present with all the pomp & solempnity that maybe thought of, the which I will not write, but only of their ceremonies in Vladislaus. their coronation, for at the inauguration of Vladislaus, king of Hungary, upon the eleventh of the Kalends of Octob. he was brought into Saint Mary's Church, between two bishops. Before the king 3. of the chiefest peers of Hungary carried, one the Diadem, the 2. carried the royal Sceptre, and the 3 carried the golden Apple, which is (as I said before) a 〈◊〉 figure of the world: before the Diadem, the sceptre & the Apple were carried by two bishops, two other royal Ensigns belonging to these ceremonies, a silver cross by the Pr●…r of Laurena, and a golden Par by the Bishop of Syrmia, before these again were carried two swords, the one naked, the other in a golden scabbard: before these was the king's banner Regale vexillum royally displased, with other great solempnities: when the King was brought into his royal seat into S. Ma. all the ensigns of the K. were laid before the Altar, the Metropolitan of Hungary celebrating service, the King is brought from his seat unto the Altar, having upon the one side, all the Bishops and cleagy of his kingdom, on the other side all the Princes and peers of the country. When the king is brought unto the Altar before the Metropolitan, one of the Bishops that leadeth the king, uttereth these words unto the Metropolitan. Most reverend father, the holy Church doth require, that this noble knight should be advanced unto the regal dignity of a king. The Metropolitan demandeth, whether he be worthy of such honour & dignity? unto the which, all the bishops & princes present affirm, that for wisdom, virtue and manhood he was thereunto elected: then the Metropolitan chargeth the K. with The charge given to the K of Hungary at his coronation. the laws and customs of the Kings of Hungary, his predecessors, giveth him his oath in this sort. That he should siri●…, with a pure sound religion defend the Church of Christ, and the catholic faith therein received unto his death. 2. To defend the common wealth from foreign invasion. 3. To maintain peace with all care and diligence. 4. That he would do nothing unfit or unseemly for a King to do. 5. To use justice and equity to his people. These with many others, the King is sworn by the Metropolitan at his coronation. After the oath, the Metropolitan be●…etheth God to send this new elected K. the blessings that was given to Abraham, Moses, David, in vanquishing their enemies: the K kneeling upon the left hand of the Metropolitan before the Altar at these prayers, which being finished, the K. is anointed on his right arm, and upon his right shoulder, with the sacred oil, called Arcanun. After the ancient customs and manners of the kings of Hungaria: Then was the King by the Bishops and Princes brought into his seat, and from thence he was lead into a secret chancel, Stephen, the first king anointed in Hungary. putting off his princely robes, and putting on the old ancient & regal weeds of K. Stephen, which were left there for monuments from Steven for the coronation of the Kings of Hungary his successors; as France do of Charles the great wrought over with silk and gold, where the pictures of the twelve Apostles before the throne of God upon their knees, cum auris cothurnis on his feet. He was in this habit lead again to his seat, and from thence brought unto the Altar, where the Metropolitan deliverth into his hand the naked sword, sa●…g unto the king in this sort. Take this sacred sword by the authority of the Apostles, to thee it is given, to exercise justice, to maintain truth, to reward virtue, and to punish vice: With this sword protect The crowning of the Kings of Hungary. thy people, defend the Church, persecute heretics, save widows and Orphans from wrongs. These with many other good words being spoken by the Metropolitan, the King flourisheth the naked sword upon the right hand, and then upon the left hand, in token that he will execute the laws of Hungary justly and truly every where, and then putteth the Sword into the scabbetd, and girdeth it to his side: Then the Bishops do bring unto the Metropolitan the crown, which he taketh from the Bishops, and setteth it upon the kings head, saying these words. Take this holy and sacred Diadem in honour and glory of the Trinity, and know that thereby thou art called to be also a spiritual Pastor in the mysteries of the Church, & hoc crede opus fortitudinis esse, against the enemies of God. Then the Metropolitan taketh the Sceptre, and delivereth it into the King's hand, and saith these words, Virtutis & veritatis virgam accipe: receive here the rod of virtue and truth, whereby thou must put down the wicked proud man, exalt the good and godly man, direct the ignorant, remember that this Sceptre is virga aequitatis, & virga regni, and therefore use justice, and love truth: for that purpose God hath anointed thee king of Hungary. This being finished, the king is lead by the Metropolitan, the Bishops & the Peers from the Altar unto his seat with his crown upon his head, with his Sceptre in his hand, and with the rest of the Ensigns carried before him. When he is placed in his seat by the Metropolitan, he saith unto the King, Stet hic inclitè Rex ac regna. Then the Metropolitan doth make his prayer for the King, in the latter end of which prayer he saith, Firmentur manus tuae, exaltetur dextra tua, & judicium praeparatio sedis tuae. After this, he is brought again by the Metropolitan unto the Altar, where both the Metropolitan and the King receive the Communica. After service done, the King and the Metropolitan go together, until the king come to a sumptuous regal seat, provided for him, where the Laws and customs of Hungaria are read unto him: where the King (taking the Crown from his head) sweareth upon the Crown to perform all the laws and customs of Hungaria as nigh as he Vladislaus was crowned and anointed King of Hungary can: and with that, the people shout and cry aloud, with all mirth and melody they can. This is the ancient order of the coronation of the Kings of Hungaria. This inauguration was solemnized upon the eleventh day of the Kalends of October, at the coronation of Vladislaus, King of Hungaria. The ceremonies & solemnities at the inauguration of the kings of Polonia, at their crowning, and at their anointing. FIrst, all the Archbishops, Bishops, abbots & Suffragans, with all the Peers of Polonia, shall meet together in the cathedral Church of Graconia, the Bishops in their pontifical weeds, Cum stolis albis, Mitris infulis super pellices. In like sort, the Knights, Barons, and all the Nobles of Polonia meet in the cathedral Church: The archbishops, Bishops, and chief peers with great pomp go in order to bring the new eleted King to his coronation: The King was appareled by the Lord Martial of Poland, and by the chief Master of Ceremonies, whose Office is always to attend the ceremonial Order, Ensigns and Monuments. The king had Sandals on his feet, Gloves on his hands, a Coat, a Cloak painted and figured with alba Dalmatica, in these ceremonial weeds appointed for the kings of Polonja to come from the Palace to the Cathedral Church: where the king is lead between two bishops, the rest before him and behind him, in most solemn order from the Church into his seat: where standing in his royal Seat, the Archbish. The ceremonies used at the coronation of the King of Poland. reciteth certain short Collects, the Crown, the Sceptre, the golden Apple, & a naked Sword were carried before the king: the Bishops, Abbots, with the Archbishops, had their Crosses carried in solempn order before the king (likewise) until they came to the Church door: there the Ambassadors & Legates of foreign kings, receive from these Noble men, the crown, the Sceptre, the Apple and the Sword: and they carried them from the Porch of the Cathedral church unto the high Altar, upon the which Altar, these Regal Ensigns are laid: this being done, one of the Bishops, after a few ceremonial prayers, The admonition & charge given to the K. of Poland at his coronation. cometh unto the king's seat, & standing before the king, he admonisheth the king of the great dignity that he was to receive at the hands of the Bishops, the Ministers of God & the 〈◊〉 of Christ, for that day, to anoint & to crown him king of Polonia: giving the king to understand, of the faith, pictie & virtue that belong to Princes: reciting to him the care and diligence that should be in a king: considering all powers and authorities to come from God, by whom kings do rule & govern, These, with many the like words as are spoken to the kings of Hungaria: for that divers of the ceremonies and crowning of the kings of Hungaria and of the kings of Polonia, do agree in many things. Then, the new elected king, is brought from his seat unto the Altar, where the Archbysh. is at service: After Prayers done, than he turneth unto the new king, and demandeth these questions of him. Wilt thou hold & maintain the holy Apostolic faith, from the Catholic Church received. The king affirmeth and saith, I will. The Archbishop The demands to the Kings of Poland, with their answer to the same. demandeth again: Wilt thou be a Defender, to guard the Church and the Ministers thereof: The king answereth: I will. The third time, the Archb. asketh the king: Wilt thou maintain, rule and defend the kingdom which God committeth into thy hand, according to the laws & customs of Polonia. To this the K. answereth and saith, that he will perform by the help of God all these things faithfully & truly with all care and diligence to the uttermost of his power. And then the king kneeling before the Archbishop, baraheaded, with both his hands upon a book, uttereth these words, I N. (naming his own name, that shall be King of Polonia) do profess and promise before God and his Angels, that I will with all faith and truth keep the laws, exercise justice, maintain the peace and quietetnesse of the church, and yield due obedience reverence and canonical honour to the Pope of Rome, and to his Bishops pro posse & nosce as Emperors and other The oath of the K. of Poland at his coronation. Kings do, and will observe due honour and love to the states of Polonia, so God help me and the contents of this sacred book. Then the Archbishop reciteth a collect that it would please God to bless him, as he did bless Abraham and Moses, and to send him victories and triumphs as he did send to josua and to David, & to teach him with wisdom, as Solomon: with the mildness of Moses, with the fortitude of josua, with the humility of David, and with the faith of Abraham. etc. Then the Archbishop kneeling on his knees, and the king flat on his face upon the ground, singeth aloud from the high Altar this verse, that it would please God to accept of this service as a reasonable sacrifice: the Choir answering, We beseech thee to hear us good Lord. Then the Archbishop standing, turneth unto the King, holding the cross upon him, being upon the ground, goeth forward with his prayers, saying Hunc in Regem coronandum benedicere digneris, that it would please God to bless this new elected King: the Chore answering, as before. Then the Bishops, the abbots, and the Chore, sing the L●…tany Supra Regem, over the king, which all this while lieth flat on his face upon the ground. When the Litany is ended, the Archbishop sitteth down, the King before him kneeling, the Archbishop anointeth him, with the thumb of his right hand, he anointeth the king in the palm of his right hand, and from thence unto his elbow, Their King is anointed. and between his two shoulders, saying, I anoint thee king with this holy and sacred oil, in the name of the Father, and of the son, and of the holy Ghost. Then the Archbishop prayeth unto God to bless this anointed king by him, as he did bless jehu & Azachiel, being anointed by the hands of Helias, the one K. of Israel, & the other King of Syria: As David & Saul by the handsof Samuel. After many of these godly Collects and prayers for the inauguration and anointing of kings published, the Archbishop doth again attire the King with his Dalmatical rob, saying Dalmatical rob. Take this rob, form and framed quadrant four square, that thou mayst know, that the four coasts of all the whole world are subjects to the divine power of God, and that there is no power nor authority but from God. From the high Altar the King is lead into his royal seat, where the Archbishop delivereth unto the King (kneeling up▪ his knees) a Sword, saying, Accipe Gladium de super Altar, The words & ceremonies at the coronati-of the king of Polonia. etc. Ta●…e this Sword taken from the Altar, and consecrated by the authority of the Apostles, to revenge evil, to press iniquity, and to destroy the enemies of God. In like sort he setteth the Diadem upon the King's head, with like words and ceremonies as the Hungarians do. Then the Archbishop delivereth the sceptre into his right hand, and the Apple into his left hand, & uttereth these words, Accipe virgan, etc. Take this sceptre, the sceptre of equity and virtue, the sceptre of thy Kingdom. And so the Apple, the figure and type of the world, with the like words as before. At that time the new anointed king doth offer bread and wine for sacrifice, which being ended, he is lead into the midst of the Cathedral Church into a regal throne made for that purpose, whereof by the Archbysh, the king is put in possession of his kingdom, saying these words, Sede & retine locum tibi a Deo delegatum. Sat and keep that place, given unto thee from God. Then he saith, Firmetur manus tuae, & exaltetur dextra tua, as before. After this, the Archbishop standing upon the right hand of the King, he prayeth unto God to visit this King, as he did visit Moses in the bush, josua in his tents, Gedion in the fields, and Samuel in the Temple. This being thus finished, the King is brought into his Palace with all the pomp and solemnity that may be. These are the ceremonies and solempnities at the coronation of any of the kings of Poland. Of the anointing and coronation of the kings of Bohemia, and of the ceremonies and solempnities thereof. AT the very day that the Kings of Bohemia should be anointed and crowned, all the knights, Barons, and chief Nobles of Bohemia, meet at the palace of the new elected king about six of the clock in the morning From thence with all pomp he is most rotally brought to the Cathedral Church at Praga. The Metropolitan of Bohemia, before whom went four of the principal Peers of Bohemia, two of the four carried either of them a loaf of bread of some round bigness, the Vincenslaus the first anointed king of Bohemia, by whom all their relics and ceremonies were first instituted. one on a golden standing cup, the other on a silver cup, for that gold and silver are fit for Sacrifice. The other two carried two golden pots full of white wine. Before the king are carried a rich precious Diadem, the Sceptre and the Apple. The Sword, which was a monument that Vincenslaus left to his Successors, was carried by the Chancellor of Bohemia in a scabbard of red Holoserico. Thus the King was lead out of Holoserico, a kind of precious costly silk. the Chapel of S Vinceslaus, being by the Chamberlain of Bohemia attired after the manners and ancient custom of the Bohemians, to the high 〈◊〉, where the Archbishop of Praga attended and expected the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Assoon as he that carried the Diadem before the King came in sight of the people, the troup of Trompeters sounded and a number of brazen harness were with all triumphant The solempn music and melody, used at the coronation of the K. of Bohemia. mirth likewise sounded the 〈◊〉 and other music●… instrumets 〈◊〉 also to sing with the 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 those melodies were 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 instruments 〈◊〉 brought from Vinceslaus Chapel, and laid upon the high Altar: all other regal Ensigns called Insignia regia symbola, were also laid upon the Altar, except the 〈◊〉 ●…ies of bread and the pots of wine, which were laid upon a side table. When this musical noise ended, the King was solempn●… load into the Altar, and 〈◊〉 by all the Bishopp●… of Bohemia before the Archbishop, of whom they require in the name of the holy Church, their mother, that this new elected Prince should be King of Bohemia: the 〈◊〉 the Archyshop The demands of the Archb. to the Nobility of Bohemia concerning their new elected King. demandeth of the Bishops, whether they thought him fit and worthy for so high a dignity. They all with one voice affirmed the woorthenesse of the man. Then all they kneeling down with the Archbishop and the King, fell to prayers. 〈◊〉 prayers, the Archbyshop●… blesseth the King three several times, wishing unto him 〈◊〉 most happy and fortunate reign: to the which the bishop's answer, Terogamus audi nos. From hence the King was lead by the Bishops to his seat being set in the midst of the Choir, under a ca●…apy of great marvelous rich state, the bishops cum suo quisq Episcopali pedo on the one side of the King, with the rest of the Peers & Nobles of Bohemia on the other side, & also they that carried the Diadem, the Sceptre, the Sword and the Apple. From his seat again the King was brought unto the high Altar, 〈◊〉 the Archbishop ●…ead before the King ex libro rituali, the customs, Ceremonies and orders of his Predecessors. After he had anointed the new King with his right thump with the sacred oil upon his arm in the manner and for●…ue ●…f The anointing of the 〈◊〉. of Bohemia. a cross: Likewise he anointed him on his breast, and on both his shoulders. This being ended, the Noblemen brought to the Archbishop the Diadem, the Sceptre, the Sword, the Apple and the Ring: the receiving the same, doth first sanctify and 〈◊〉 them before he delivereth them to the king: After, in this order, he doth deliver the sword into the King's hand naked: and The ceremonies at the coronation of the King of Bohemia. after, the Archbishop taketh the naked Sword out of the King's hand and putteth it in the Scabbard, and girdeth it to the King's side. Secondly, he putteth the ring upon that ●…nger of the right hand which is called An●…laris digitus. Thirdly, he delivereth into the left hand the Apple, and the Sceptre into the right hand of the King. These Ceremonies being once ended, the archbishop doth ask the King certain questions on this manner, as the Polonians use at the coronation of their Kings. Wilt thou maintain the faith: Wilt thou defend the Church, and be a buckler and shield unto the Ministers thereof. Wilt thou 〈◊〉 and defend this Kingdom committed The charge given to the K. of Bohemia at his coronation. to thy charge: Wilt thou observe the laws and customs of Bohemia. To all these the King answereth and saith, I will: & thereupon taketh high solempn oath. Then is there also a nobleman in the name of the King, that demandeth also of the people, whether they be contented to be subject to this new elected The oath of the King. King, and whether they confirm the Kingdom unto him with all obedience and faith due unto him to be performed and yielded. This being consented unto by the states and the people, certain of the chief men come before the King in the name of all the whole Kingdom, laying their hands upon the imperial Diadem, as the manner is of Bohemia, do swear solemnly with their faith and truth, in the name of all the people of Bohemia, to serve the King, & to obey him as their sovereign Lord and master. This being ended, the Archbishop pronounceth out, & saith. Thanks be unto God, and therewith the trumpets, guns, bells, altogether soundeth, with such noise and triumph, until the King be brought again with all pomp and solemnity unto his palace. This is the manner and ceremonies of the anointing and inauguration of the Kings of Bohemia at their coronation. Of the inauguration & anointing of the great Duke of Muscovia, with the ceremonies at their coronation. AT the coronation of the great Duke of Muscovia, all the states of Muscovia, which they call Camesi, assemble together at S Michael, their chief Temple, the day appointed for the coronation: the City is so strawed with flowers and sweet odours, and set forth with boughs that their triumph is great, feasting according to the custom of the Muscovites. The great men meet the Duke, or the Emperor, and bring him into the Temple: who at his coming into the Temple, an old fatherly man meeteth him, having on a long garment down to the ground, Bombycina vest. This embraced the Emperor most courteously, for he was the Metropolitan of Muscovia, or the chief priest, which they Muscovian Ceremonies call Princeps sacrorum, whose authority in that country is great. In the midst of the Temple, was made a Theatre with seats to sit on, and with stairs to pass to every place of the Theatre, being set forth with most sumptuous shows: The seat of the Emperors was made must royal, and with great A seat or a chair. magnificence sitting in Scamno with a rich purple cap on his head beset with gold and precious stones: a precious garment wrought with gold and ●…aced close at his breast, called Bombyeina vestis, his hands so beset with jewels, that only the emperors hands and his head were to be wondered at. Now, the Emperor being in his Palace, the States and the great men in their seats, the chief Priest or the Metropolitan 〈◊〉 his face, and looketh upon the Emperor, saying, My most loving Son, and great Duke of Muscovia now the Gods have placed thee in the highest tower of Fortune, and in the great state of dignity, not to harm or hurt thy people, but to help and to guide them●…ot to devour them but to relieve them, ministering laws & justice to every man alike, saying before thine eyes, the noble examples of the best Emperors: thy father brought much calamity, and brought many dangers to this Empire. Wilt thou defend thy country with justice, and with The Metropolitans questions to the Emperor. Arms, make much of good men and subdue the wicked. If thou do this, we thy Citizens here will pray unto the regal Gods of supernal and infernal power to bless thee with much felicity, that in thee we may see our Country flourish. This being done, the people make great joy and triumph from the highest to the lowest: and therewithal much money is thrown among the vulgar people. I could not read of any crown, nor of any other monuments among the Muscovites, for it seemed by the tyranny of the Emperors, that they use very few godly ceremonies. I should have set down, at the coming of the great Duke through the street, the people's through was such, that many were with naked sword to make way for the Emperor to pass by, who commanded by all rig●…ur and extremity to keep the people off. Of the inauguration of the great Duke of Hetruria, Cosmus Medici's, by pope Pius the first, at Rome, with the ceremonies and solempnities thereunto belonging. THe Pope, prepared to go to the Chapel of Sixtus, where the Cardinals and the States of the most part of Italy expected his coming, having his triple crown and his Pontifical robes on, as is the manner at such solemn inaugurations: Cosmus, Duke of Florence, which was to be made the great Duke of Hetrucia, apparelled with his princely attire, carried the Pope's train into the Chapel of Sixtus: The Duke was placed between two Priest-Cardinals: for you must understand that there were degrees of Three degrees of Cardinals. Cardinals. The first Degree, were Deacon-Cardinals, the second, were Priest-Cardinals, the third were Bishop-Cardinalles. At these Cermonies, the Duke hath that wonted place, between two priest-Cardinals, being appareled, not as the Duke of Florence, but as the great duke of Hetruria. This word (Great) was among the jews, Chief, as the high Priest. Among the Persians', the Grecians and Romans, How this word Magnus was esteemed. they used it as the greatest title & dignity of name that might be given. For among the Assyrians was but one called Belus magnus the great. Among the Chaldeans, but one Nabuchadnezzar the great. Among the Persians', one Xerxes the great: and so in Macedonia one Alexander the Belus. Xerxes. Alexander. great: and in Asia, but one Antiochus the great. In Rome, because their Emperors were great, were three, as Pompey the great, Constantine the great. So now the great Duke of Hetruria, a fellow to any Emperor being created. Unto the Pope were brought a Crown of gold, and a silver Sceptre: after the Epistle of the Mass was read, & the The great pomp at the D. of Hetruria his coronation great Duke was lead in solemn order between two Dukes from his seat unto the high Altar, where the Pope after a few prayers for the Duke, blessed the Crown and the Sceptre, being received by the Cardinal, and then he taketh the Duke's Cap off and putteth the Crown upon his head, saying: Accipe Coronan. etc. And the Sceptre into his hand, saying: Accipe The cere●…nies at the coronation of the great Duke of Hetruria. Virgam amoris. This being done, the Duke of Hetruria kisseth the Pope's foot, & is brought again between two Cardinals to his seat, and from his seat, within a while, he is lead between two Cardinals to the Altar to offer his oblation, which is, a Golden Chalice with a Cover and a golden Basin: upon the Chalice was wrought (by curious Art) three pictures of Faith, Hope & Charity: which three, held the Chalice with their hands, having under their feet the four Evangelists: There was added also very curiously on the Chalice, the Arms and Ensigns of the pope, and of the great Duke. The service being ended, the great Duke was solemnly again to take his oath, which was in this sort. I Cosmus Medici's great Duke of Hetruria, do promise and swear to the holy Churce of Rome and Sea Apostolic, all wonted obedience, reverence, and warship, which The oath of Cos. Medice●… D. of Floremce, when he was made Duke of Hetruria. I by my Legates have hitherto performed. Also, I promise, and here I vow to be most studious and careful of the Catholic religion, and to obey the Pope's Holiness, as God's vicar, so help me God, and the contents of this Evangelist. After this, the Pope used a few prayers, and so the solemnity was done. Of the ancient and strange ceremonies at the Election of the Prince of Corynthia. CORINTHIA, is a Province where the slavonians speech is spoken, where manners and customs are most strange, and the like Ceremonies not read of. When any new elected Prince entereth into his government, he is brought into a fair large valley, where was wo●…nt to be an ancient city, where some monuments are lest as relics, The P. of Ca rynthia created in a Meadow, on a Marble stone so that time ware out the name of it. In a wide fair meadow hard by, a Marble stone is erected, upon the which stone 〈◊〉 Rustical fellow standeth, which by succession of blood, that place and Office by haritage death possess. There he hath hard by him a deformed lean Mare and an old lean Ox, and the Rustical country people in heaps about him. On the farther side of the meadow is the new Prince with his Barons and States about him, with great pomp and solemnity, very richly Attired, all in Purple, having the Prince's Ensigns and his Arms, and twelve Banners, The Prince of Carynthia created in an old beggar's weed. carried salempnlye before him, the Prince being appareled very poor like a simple Countryman in old broken Garments, his Cap bare, and his shoes worn: with a Country Staff in his hand, seeming rather more like a shepherd then a Prince: Who, when he cometh nigh to the Clown that standeth upon the Stone, he crieth out in the Sclavonian tongue, and asketh, who is this that is coming here so proud? The Barons and the States, answer and say: he is Prince of the Country: then the Country man from the Marble stone demands again. Is this man a right and just judge? Doth he seek Questions demanded by a simple Clown, of the States of Carynthia the benefit and wealth of this Country? Is he of honest and virtuous condition? Is he a found Christian in religion? Will he defend the true faith? And is he worthy of this honour? To whom all the States and Barons answer, he is, and shall be. Again he saith, I ask you by what law and right should I be removed from this seat. The County of Goritia answereth and saith: For money this place is bought: then this Ox and this Mare shallbe thine, and all the Garments which last the Prince did put off, and thy house shallbe A Clown striketh the Prince on the cheek. free without any Tribute. Then, the Countryman descendeth, and meeteth the Prince, and striketh him a little on the cheek, saying: I command thee to be a good just Prince: then he taketh his Mare and his Ox, and giveth the place to the Prince, who straight standeth upon the Marble stone, taking a naked Sword into his hand: First, he doth flourish it one way●…, than he doth flourish it another way, promising thereby equal justice to the people: there they bring water in a country man's Cap, to drink, to signify unto the Prince, that The Prince drinketh water out of ●… Country man's cap. he should abstain from Wine. After these Ceremonies, the Prince cometh down from the Marble stone, and is brought to the Temple, called, our Lady's Chapel, which was (as some do write) the Seat (sometime) of a Bishop: then, from thence, after some Sacrifice which was to be used, all things done and performed, the Prince putteth off the Rustical Garments that he put on before to perform the custom The Prince sitteth in judgement on a stone in a me dow, to hear causes pleaded. and ceremonies of the Country, and weareth his Princely wont Attire, and after he had feasted with his Barons and his Nobility, he returned to the Meadow again, where the Marble stone was, and sitteth there on his Tribunal Seat to hear causes pleaded, and to give judgement according to justice: this is the manner and strange custom of the election of any Prince in Carynthia. So strange were the customs and manners in old time, aswell at the election and coronation of Princes, as also in their The strange Sceptres used by kings and Princes in times past. ceremonies and Sceptres. For the first kings of the world used for their Sceptres, long gilded Spears. The old kings of Rome used a crooked staff, called Lituus, Tarqvinius Priscus the fift king of Rome, had his Sceptre of ivory. The Kings of India had their Sceptres of Ebany. The Liddians carried before their King's great Axes. The kings of Sicily used a silver staff for their Sceptre. The Babylonians used divers kinds of Sceptres, with sundry figures, as of Lions, Eagles, etc. The great pomp & solemnity at the Inauguration of the Pope of Rome. THE Pope of Rome at his Inauguration excelled all other princes in solemnity and pomp, for after that the Pope is new elected by the whole College of Cardinals, he cometh from his Palace of S. Angelo, with great glory, toward S. Peter's Church: first the Officers, The order & manner of the inauguration of Pope Gregory the tenth. as Stewards, controllers, Treasurer's and chief rulers, appareled all in red long gowns. Secondly the knights of Rome. Thirdly, the Barons, Counties, and Marquesses: Then the abbots: Then followed the Bishops: after the bishops, the archbishops in their long Pontifical garments, with rich and sumptuous white silver miters beset with stones. After, followed three degrees of Cardinals: Deacon-Cardinals, Priest-Cardinals, and Byshop-Cardinals. The Pope with passing pomp is carried above the ground upon men's shoulders in Cella gestatoria, with his triple Crown on his head, full of precious stones, and with a most sumptuous and precious rob, wrought over very artificially with gold, and set with divers stones, and so carried to Saint Peter's Church upon King's Ambassadors shoulders. After some prayers and sacrifice done, he is hossed again King's Ambassadors carrieth the pope to his coronation. upon men's backs, and carried from Saint Peter into Saint Andrew's Chapel, where, after many rites and ceremonies there finished, which was there provided for his inauguration, he is taken up again into his golden chair from Saint Andrew's Chapel, where Andrew the Apostles head is presented: thence he is carried to the Chapel of S. Peter and S. Paul: thence carried from place to place by the Legates and Ambassadors of all the Kings of Christendom, then being in Rome, representing the states of Kings and Emperors, Oh, Superbum Animal: for between golden and silver Crosses, the miters of bishops, and cardinals hats, shining as stars, with divers kinds of precious stones, with jewels: the Pope's triumpaunt carriage under such a regal Canopy, with his triple Crown, his rich and Pontifical garments, blessing the people, passed far the pomp of great Xerxes in his voyage into Greece: or the Triumphs of great The Pope's dinner, & his banquets after dinner. Pompey over all Africa and Asia at Rome: Hos iudos et iocos diceres, prout rabies Papae: with such peals of ●…es, ringing of Bells, sounding Trumpets: with such clan●…urs and noise of other brazen Instruments, that it far surmounted the besieging of Carthage, or the assaulting of Munantia In the like triumph and pomp he is again carried into his Palace of S. Angelo, blessing the people from place to place and in every place as he is carried: the people again crying out, wishing him the felicity of Augustus, and the love of trajan, using several solemn ceremonies, with the greatest pomp innented. His dinner that day exceeded Ca Caesar, who in his triumph over Africa, prepared 22000 tables most royally furnish●…d: and his banquets after dinner far excelled the banquets of L. Lucullus, or Marcus Antonius. His mirth and music passed the feast Hyacynthia. Of the most happy, joyful and triumphant day of her majesties coronation, upon the 15, of january. I Need not particularly set down the solemnity of that day, neither can I (if I would) declare the joys and triumphs of that day: For, whereas her majesties predecessors studied how one might excel another with royalty, pomp and solemnity of ceremonies: as Richard the second, and after him, Richard the 〈◊〉 Henry the fourth, at whose coronation, john, king of Castles and Legions, then being Duke of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester and Lincoln: who as Duke of Lancaster challenged to bear the chief Sword before the King: called Cortana: as Earl of Lincoln, he challenged to be Carver at the King's table, and as Earl of Leicester, he challenged to be L. high Steward of England. Steward. Thomas de Woodstock the King's Uncle was admitted to be Constable of England. Constable. Robert Earl of Oxford was admitted to the office of a Chamberlain. Chamberlain Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick was admitted to bear the third Sword, for there were three sword assigned to be borne before the King at his coronation, but I find but two sword in Modius Pandectes, Ensis politicus & Ensis Ecclesiasticus. Upon the day of the King's coronation, the L. Maior and the Citizens of London (by the Recorder) made petition to the King, that the Mayor might serve the King at his dinner in the hall at his coronation. The Barons of the five Ports were admitted to the Office to bear over the King's head a Canopy of cloth of gold, The order & manner of the coronation of the kings of England. upon four Spears covered with beaten Silver in most solemn order & great solemnity from the Tower, through the City of London, with such magnificent pomp and triumphs, as were (full) equal to the Emperors of Rome or the kings of France. And in these two things, passed France, Rome, Persia, or any other Kingdom of the world. The first, the noble and general challenge of Monomachia in Combat with any Knight of the world, by the kings Champion Sir john Dymmocke Knight, upon the day of coronation, armed and mounted on horseback, ready to perform the challenge in the behalf of the King. In the second ceremony they excelled, for that at the coronation of Henry the fourth, nine several Conduits ran for two days of Claret wine and white wine, in nine several places of the city of London as plenty as water to all passers by. But the most happy, joyful, and triumphant day of her majesties Coronation, not only excelled all her predecessors, the Kings of England, but all other foreign Kings, as far as heaven surmounteth the earth, or as the glory of God excelleth the pomp of man, so far her Majesty passeth other Kings in virtue, religion, goodness, justice, truth and peace itself, which she brought with her upon the day of her highness coronation to England: which, since her coronation, she planted in England, that England may say, Haec est dies quam fecit Dominus exultemus & laetemur in ea. The triumph whereof is such, that Angels do triumph in Heaven, and good godly men clap their hands on earth, and say, A Domino factum est istud. And though the Kings of England received the Christian faith before any other in the world, even from Lucius The faith received into England before any other kingdom. time, An. Dom. 177. before Clodovaeus the first Christestened King of France 300. years. Before Marcus julius Philippus, the first Christened Emperor of Rome 76. years. and before Palladius was sent from Rome to Scotland by Celestinus, then Bishop of Rome: and before Patricius was by the same Celestinus sent to Ireland, 197. years, and before Suintilla, who brought Hispaine to a Monarchy again, for Hispaine was subject under the Saracens 800. years. Before that, under the Goths, the Uandals and the Romans, that they used to make their Computation, per aera Augusti, until john the first, 1372. who then commanded Anno Dom. to be used. The Longobards, the Goths, the Uandols' and the Huns The Christened kings of the Goths, Long obards, Vandals, and Huns. by reason of their wars between themselves were made Provinces under the Romans, and so continued until the Em pire decayed. After they had revolted, they elected Kings to govern them, whose names are these underwritten. Agelmundus the first K. of the Longobards. 394. Alaricus the first King of the Goths, after the revolting from the Romans 404. years. Gundericus the first K. of the Uandals, 413. Atrila the first K. of the Huns. 430. Now after these Kingdoms 600 years, began the Kingdom of Polonia, where the first crowned christened King was Miezlaus. An. Dom. 963. In Hungaria the first crowned King was beatus Stephanus. 1003. In Bohemia, the first crowned K. was Vratislaus▪ 1080. So in antiquity of Christianity, the kings of England are most ancient, and so laid down before Rome, France, Spain, Scotland, Ireland, Poland, Hungary, Bohemia, and the rest: For it is allowed of all, and written of Functus and others, that josephus of Aramathia, who buried the body of our Lord and Saviour, came to Britain twelve years after Lucius the Britain, the first K. christened in the world, the death of Christ, and converted many unto the Faith. But let it be from King Lucius time, the first christened King of the world. 177. For Cassianus saith, there were but four anointed christian Kings: the Kings of Jerusalem, the kings Four christian Kings only anointed. of England, the Kings of France, and the kings of Sicily. The funeral pomp of the Roman Emperors. THe pomp and solemn state of the Funerals of the Roman Emperors were such, as being set forth, the solempnity of the dead Emperor were such, as the Senators, Dictator's, Consuls, and chief Magistrates of Rome, being in their appointed funeral garments, attending to carry the coffin: with one before the Hearse playing upon a Shawm or a Fluite with a mournful funeral Song, called Naenia, which in like manner, the Grecians used at the funeral 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. of their Kings, the songs which they called jalemos. Then the Patricians and Senators carried before the Statues and images of the dead. dead Emperor, his Statues and Images: and after that, the statues and Images of his predecessors, to set forth the dignity of his stock, as Ca Caesar did at the funeral of his Aunt, mother unto Marius, whose Statues Caesar caused to be carried before the Coffin, with all the Sarieants' carrying their Ares and rods, with all the Ensigns, Crowns, rich spoils and Trophies which Marius had gotten in his victories. In like manner Tiberius Caesar the third Emperor of Rome, caused at the funeral of his Father Drusus, that the ●…he pomp of Drusus funeral. statue of Aeneas, and all the statues of the Kings of Alba, until Romulus' time, the 17. after Aeneas: and the Statue of Romulus, and of the whole family of Gens julia, from Romulus' time to julius Caesar, ●…eally. The like pomp was before Silla and others by the Patricians and Senators. Yet Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Pomponius Atticus, with some others, commanded that they should not be brought into the Field of Mars with any solemnity of jupiters' coat, of triumphant garments, Purple robes, and such other pomp: But, specially if any died in the field, the rare sight of the solemnity excelled: The General, and chief Captains, & every Officer with his band, trailing their Pikes after them on the ground, with the points of their Swords downward: their Ensigns folded together: their Horses sheearde and clipped, their dumb Music, with all the rueful sights that might be invented. etc. The manner of the funeral Pomp of the Grecians. IN other parts of Greece, they used more solempn mournful ceremonies, at the funeral of their kings and Princes: they took down their Bulwarks & Fortr●…sses of wars, The rusul funerals of th●… Macedoni●… & Grecians. they untile their Temples, they subvert their Altars, they reject and depose their Idols, they put out their fire, and the men shave both their heads & beards, and they clip their horses and left nothing undone that seemed mournful: Then all the priests, Maiestrats, young Gentlemen & children, carried Trophies and Monuments of the dead king, with his Ensigns and Arms crowned with Garlands, according to the custom of Greece. The Noble women carried divers great Cups or Bowls: some, full of wine, others full of milk, & some full of blood, all in white Garments: others carried honey & cakes, which should be sprinkled, & cast upon the s●…ral fire: at what time they sang Hymns, Odes and songs, called jalemos, in the praise of the dead Prince: and lastly, when the King is solemnly thus burned, the Princes and great men of his blood 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. should carry his a●…es in golden pots, crowned over with all kind of sweet flowers, which should be as a memory or Trophy of the dead King. The Grecians had also these customs at the funeral of their dear friends, as Parents, Brethren, Sisters: both the men and women should shave their long hair, and offer it upon the hearse of the dead: So Achilles solemnized the funeral of his dear friend Patroclus cutting the fore jockes of his hair, Patroclus' lamented by Achilles to set it among many other of Patroclus friends upon his Hearse or tomb. Euripides funeral was of Archelaus King of Macedonia so ho●…rred, that he lamented Euripides death with mourning Euripides death lamented by King Archelaus. apparel, and with a shaven head and beard, according to the use and custom of the Macedonians. Of the funeral pomp of the Egyptians. THe Kings of Egypt were most sumptuously reserved in this order: Their bodies were opened, and were in such sort used, as the Egyptians use, with Myrrh, Aloes, honey, salt, ware, and many other sweet odours, being feared up and anointed with all precious oils, and so they reserved the ha●…es S●…●…he funeral in pomp of the d●… K. of Egypt. of their kings in high buildings made for the purpose, far from the gro●…, as in their Pyramids & Labyrinth, before spoken. The funeral was so lamented, that all Egypt mourned in this sort: the men would clap dung and dirt upon their heads, beat their bodies, strike their breasts, knocking their heads to every post, howling and crying for their king: their women bore breasted, ●…ermear'd with all kind of filth, running up and down in furious manner, fasting & mourning 72. days from wine or any other meat, saving bread and the water of Nilus. Of the funeral pomp of the Thracians. THe Thracians Funeral is full of mirth and melody, for when they bring their friends to the grave, they use to sing Thracian Songs, with all sweet music, only this ceremony they reserved: when any man of great calling dieth, his wife must be brought the same day to the grave of her husband in her richest ornament and best apparel, a●…panied The pomp of the Thracians Funeral. with her parents and next in blood with great solemnity, which after sacrifice done upon the grave of her husband, she must make sacrifice of herself: The Priest must bring her to the Altar, where she is sacrificed with a vail over her face, and after oblations and prayers done, she is slain upon her husband's grave for sacrifice. Thus have I laid down the Nativities, Inaugurations, Coronations and anointing of Emperors, Kings and Princes, aswell Pagans as Christians. FINIS.