THE Pleasant History of the Conquest of the West India, now called new Spain, Achieved by the worthy Prince Hernando Cortes Marquis of the valley of Huaxacac, most delectable to Read:  
Translated out of the Spanish tongue, by T. N.  
Anno. 1578.   printer's device of Henry Bynneman: McKerrow, 97 
¶ Imprinted at London by Henry Bynneman.   

¶ TO THE RIGHT Honourable, Sir Francis Walsingham Knight, principal Secretary to the Queen's most excellent Majesty, and one of her highness most Honourable privy Counsel.  
Whilst I abode (right Honourable) in the Isle of Palma, in affairs of merchandise for the worshipful Thomas Lock deceased, and his company, time then permitted me, to have conference with ancient gentlemen which had served in the Conquest of the west India, now called new Spain, under the princely Captain Hernando Cortes. By whom as present witnesses at many of the acts herein contained, I was credibly informed, that this delectable and worthy History is a most true and just report of matter paste in effect: wherefore I did the more willingly turn over and peruse the same, which is a Mirror and an excellent precedent, for all such as shall take in hand to govern new Discoveries: for here they shall behold, how Glory, Renown, and perfit Felicity, is not gotten but with great pains, travail, peril and danger of life: here shall they see the wisdom, courtesy, valour and policy of worthy Captains, yea and the faithful hearts which they aught to bear unto their Prince's service: here also is described, how to use and correct the stubbern & mutinous persons, & in what order to exalt the good, stout and virtuous Soldiers, and chief, how to preserve and keep that beautiful Dame Lady Victory when she is obtained. And where it was supposed, that the golden metal had his beginning and place in the East and West India, near unto the hot Zone, (as most learned writers held opinion) it is now approved by the venturous traveller and worthy captain Martin Frobisher Esquire, yea and also through the great pains, procurement, and first invention of the worshipful Mychaell Lock Merchant, that the same golden metal doth also lie incorporate in the bowels of the Norweast parties, environed with admirable Towers, Pillars and pinnacles, of Rocks, Stone, and I'll, possessed of a people both strange, & rare in shape, attire and living, yea such a Country and people, as all Europe had forsaken and made no account of, except our most gracious Queen and her subjects, whom undoubtedly God hath appointed, not only to be supreme Princess over them, but also to be a mean that the name of Christ may be known unto this Heathenish and Savage generation.  
Not long since (right Honourable) I happened to travail from the famous City of Toledo in Spain, toward high Castille, and by fortune overtook an ancient Gentlemen, worshipfully accompanied, unto whom I was so bold as to approach, beseeching his worship to advertise me of his journey: who (after he had beheld my white head & beard) answered fulgentlely, that his intent was to travail unto the king of Spain's Court, and welcomed me unto his company. In short space that we had journeyed together, and communed of each other his Country, it pleased him to say as followeth: My good friend, if you knew my suit unto the King's majesty, you would judge that I were a mad man, and therefore to shorten our way, I will declare my attempted suit unto you. You shall understand, that I am a Gentleman of lxx. years of age, and sometimes I served in the civil wars of Pirru, where I was wounded in divers parts of my body, and am now thereby lame in one of my legs and shoulder. I have neither Wife nor child, and at this present (God be praised) I have in the Contractation house in the City of Seville, in gold and plate, the sum of thirty thousand Ducats: and I have also in Pirru in good lands and possessions, the yearly rent of twelve thousand Ducats, which rents and ready money is sufficient to maintain a poor Gentleman. But all this notwithstanding, I do now sue unto the King's Majesty, to have licence and authority to discover and conquer a certain part of India, which adjoineth with Brazile, and is part of the Empire of Pirru, I pray you now declare what you think of my suit. By my troth sir (quoth I) I trust your worship will pardon a rash and sudden judgement, which you now demand at my hand: yea truly (quoth he) say what you list. Then (quoth I) my opinion is, that you are not well in your wit, for what would you have? will not reason suffice you? or else would you now in your old days be an Emperor, considering that your Sepulchre attendeth for you, Now truly I thank you (quoth he) for of your judgement are most men: but I say unto you, considering that all flesh must finish, I seek for no quiet rest in this transitory life: yea the wise and Christian Doctors do teach and admonish, that every true Christian is borne, not for his own private wealth and pleasure, but rather to help and succour others his poor brethren. Likewise do I consider the great number of Gentlemen, younger brethren, and other valiant persons, who through want of living, do fall into many disorders. Wherefore to accomplish my duty toward God and my Prince, and to relieve such poor Gentlemen, do I now attempt this journey, with the adventure of my body and goods, and for that purpose I have in readiness four tall Ships, well furnished in the port of Saint Lucar de Barrameda, hoping assuredly, that before the life departed from my body, to hear these valiant young Gentlemen (whom now I mean to have in my company) say, o happy day, when old Zarate (for so is my name) brought us from penury, yea and from a number of perils that we were like to fall into. I hope also, that the royal estate of my Prince shall be by my pains and poor service enlarged: believe you me, this is the only sumptuous tomb that I pretend to build for my poor carcase. But yet I know there are some, unto whom I may compare the Boar that lieth wallowing in his Sty, who will not let to say, what need we any other world, honour, or Kingdoms? let us be contented with that we have: who may easily be answered, Sir glutton, your paunch is full, and little care you for the glory of God, honour of your Prince, neither the need and necessity of your poor neighbours. With this conclusion the Gentleman ended his tale, the judgement whereof I leave to noble Gentlemen his peers to be determined.  
And where our Captain Hernando Cortes, of whose valiant acts this history treateth, hath deserved immortal fame, even so doubtless I hope, that within this happy Realm is now living a Gentleman, whose zeal of travail and valiant beginnings doth prognosticate great, marvelous, and happy success: for perfection of honour and profit is not gotten in one day, nor in one or two voyages, as the true histories of the East and West Conquests by spaniards and Portugal's do testify. And calling to remembrance the great zeal and good will which your honour hath always extended to good and profitable attempts, and especially in the proceedings of the new discovery, your honour hath not only used liberality in your adventures, but also taken great pains in Court, to advance and further the voyage, a number I say of Gentlemen, Mariners, and other artificers, shall have great cause to pray for your honour. And where I for my part have tasted of your honours goodness sundry ways, I am now most humbly to beseech your honour to accept this poor gift, the which I have translated out of the Spanish tongue, not decked with gallant colours, nor yet filed with pleasant phrase of Rhetoric, for these things are not for poor Merchant travelers, but are reserved to learned Writers: yet I trust the Author will pardon me, because I have gone as near the sense of this History, as my cunning would reach unto. I also crave, that it may please your honour, when your great and weighty business will permit, to behold this work, and that shall be for me an encouragement to take in hand the translation of the East India, which is now enjoyed by the King of Portugal. Thus I end, beseeching the Almighty to preserve your honourable estate. (?)  
Your honours most ready at commandment Thomas Nicholas.   

To the Reader.  
I Thought it good gentle Reader, to advertise thee to consider in reading this history, that Hernando Cortes was not the first that did discover the new Spain, for after the islands of Santo Domingo and Cuba were discovered, conquered, and inhabited by the Spaniards, Hernando Cortes was then a dweller in the Island of Santo Domingo, and at that time was governor in the Island of Cuba one james Velasques, who had understanding (by others) that near unto those islands stood a firm land, rich of gold and plate, whereupon the same Velasques prepared certain Ships, and in them sent for General a kinsman of his called john de Grijalua, who with one Francisco Hernandez de Cordova, discovered the said firm land in traffic of merchandise, and for things of little value, he brought great treasure, as shall appear in an Inventory placed in this history.  
This Grijalua pretended not to conquer, nor yet to inhabit, but only to fill his hungry belly with gold and silver, for if he had pretended honour, than Cortes had not enjoyed the perpetual fame which now is his, although his corpse be clothed in clay.  
In this history doth appear the simplicity of those ignorant Indians in time past, yea and how they were deluded in worshipping Idols and wicked Mammon, their bloody slaughter of men in sacrifice, and now the great mercy of jesus Christ extended upon them in lightning their darkness, giving them knowledge of the eternity, and holy trinity in unity, whereby they are now more devout unto heavenly things than we wretched christians, (who presume of ancient Christianity) especially in Charity, humility, and lively works of faith.  
And now (gentle Reader) I do for my part but only crave, that it may please thee to accept these my pains taken, in good part, for other benefit I seek not. Farewell.  
(T. N.)   

Stephan Gosson in praise of the Translator.  

THe Poet which sometimes hath trod awry,  
and song in verse the force of fury love,  
When he beholds his lute with careful eye.  
Thinks on the dumps that he was wont to prove.  
His groaning sprite yprickt with tender ruth,  
Calls then to mind the tollies of his youth.   

The hardr mind which all his honour got,  
In bloody field by fruit of deadly jar,  
When once he hears the noise of thirsed shot.  
And threatening trumpet sound the points of war.  
Remembers how through pikes he loved to run,  
When he the price of endless glory won.   

The traveler which near refused the pain,  
To pass the danger of the straits he found,  
But hoisted sail to search the golden vain,  
Which natures craft hath hidden in the ground.  
When he perceives Don Cortes here so pearte,  
May well be mindful of his own desert.   

Then yield we thanks to Nicholas for his toil,  
Who strings the Lute that putteth us in mind,  
How doting days have given us all the foil,  
whilst learned wits in foreign lands do find.  
That labour bears away the golden ●●ccce,  
And is rewarded with the ●ower of Greece.   

Lo here the trump of everlasting fame,  
That rends the air in sunder with his blast,  
And throws abroad the praises of their name,  
Which oft in sight ha●e made their foes aghast.  
Though they be dead, their glory shall remain,  
To rear aloft the deeds of haughty Spain.   

Lo here the traveler, whose painful quill,  
So lively payntes the Spanish Indies out,  
That English Gentlemen may view at will,  
The manly prowess of that gallant toute.  
And when the Spaniarde vaunteth o● his gold,  
Their own renown in him they may behold.   
FINIS.   

In Thomae Nicholai occidentalem Jndiam St. Gosson.  

SOrdescant Croesi radiantia tecta Pyrope,  
Et iaceat rutili pompa superba Mydae.  
Aurea foelici voluuntur secula cursu,  
Pactôli assiduè flumina verae tument.  
Terra ferax pandit, sua viscera plena metallis  
Praegnans, divitias parturit illa suas.  
India luxuriat, locupleti prole triumphat,  
Pingue solum gemmis, fundere gestit opes.  
O vos qui patriae cupitis fulci●e ru●●am,  
Et dare mella bonis ●urea, mentis ●p●.  
Cortezi hos animo cupidè lustrate labores,  
Postque, reluctanti credite vela Salo.    

The Conquest of the West India.  

The Birth and lineage of Hernando Cortes.  
IN the year of our Saviour, 1485. being kings of Castill and Arragon, the Catholic princes Fernando and Isabella his wife, was borne Hernando Cortes in a town called Medellin, situated in the province of Andulozia: his Father was named Martin Cortes de Monroy, & his mother was called Lady Katherine Pisarro Altamirano, they were both of good birth, and proceeded from four principal houses, that is to say, the house of Cortes, the house of Monroy, the house of Pisarro, and the house of Altamirano, which four houses are ancient, noble and honourable: yet these parents but poor in goods, but rich in virtue & good life, for which cause they were much esteemed and beloved among their neighbours. His mother was of inclination devout, but somewhat hard: his father was charitable and merciful, who in his youth applied himself to the wars, and was Lieutenant to a company of horsemen. Hernando Cortes in his childhood was very sickly, so that many times he was at the point of death: And when he came to xiiij years of age, his parents sent him to the University of Salamanca, where he remained two years, learning Grammar, and then returned to Medellin weary of his study, yea possible for want of money: yet his parents were much offended with him for leaving his study, for their only desire was to have had him a student at law, which is a faculty both rich and worshipful, considering their son to be of a good wit and ability: Yet he caused much strife in his Father's house, for he was a very unhappy lad, high minded, and a lover of chivalry, for which cause he determined with himself to wander abroad to seek adventures. And at that instant happened two journeys fit for his purpose & inclination. The one of them was to Naples with Gonsalo Hernandez of the City of Cordova, who was a worthy man, & named the great captain. And the other journey was to the West India, with the Lord Nicholas de Ouando, a knight of the order of Larez, who was then appointed for governor of those parties. And musing with himself which way to take, determined to pass into India, chief because the governor was of his acquaintance, and such a one as would have care of him. And likewise the great desire of gold made him to covet that voyage more than the journey unto Naples. Now in the mean while that the fleet was preparing for India, it chanced, Hernando Cartez pretended to go unto a certain house in the night season to talk with a woman, and climbing over a Wall which was of weak foundation, both he and the Wal fell together: So that with the noise of his fall, and rattling of his armour which he ware, came out a man newly married, and finding him fallen at his door would have slain him, suspecting somewhat of his new married wife, but that a certain old woman (being his mother in law) with great persuasions stayed him from that fact. Yet with the fall he fell into a grievous Ague, and continued sick for a long season, so that he could not proceed upon his voyage with the governor Ouando. And when he had obtained and fully recovered his health, he minded to pass into Italy, And so took his way toward Valentia, wandering here and there almost a whole year with much necessity and penury, and then returned home again to Medellyn, with determination to proceed upon his pretended voyage of India: Whereupon his father and mother weighing their sons estate, desired God to bless him, and gave him money in his purse for his journey.   

The age of Cortes when he passed into India.  
HErnando Cortes was of the age of nintéene years, in the year of Christ 1504 and then he went toward India, and agreed for his passage and victual with Alonso Quintezo who went in company of other four ships laden with merchandise, which navy departed from saint Lucas de Barramedo, with prosperous navigation, until they arrived at the Island of Gomera one of the Cavarie islands, where they did provide themselves of all things necessary for so long a voyage as they then had in hand.  
Alounso Quintezo, being greedy of his voyage, and desirous to come to the Island of saint, Domingo before his fellows, hoping to sell his commodity the better, departed from Gomera in the night season without knowledge giving unto his company. But incontinent after he had hoist up his sails, arose up so great a wind and tempest, that his main mast broke, whereby he was forced to return back again to the Island of Gomera. And he made earnest request to them of the other ships to stay for him, until he had mended his Mast, who friendly and neyghbourlye granted his desire, and departed altogether, sailing in sight the one of the other certain days: yet the said Quintero, seeing the weather steadfast, and harping upon gains, flew from his fellows again. And where as Frances Ninio de Guelua his pilot was not expert in that Navigation, they knew not where they were at length: the Mariners did give sundry judgements: the Pilot was in great perplexity and sadness, their passengers lamented, and bewailed their unfortunate success: the Master of the ship laid the fault to the Pilot, and the Pilot likewise charged the Master, for it did appear that they were fallen out before. In this mean time their victual warred scant, and their fresh water wanted, so that they prepared themselves to die. Some cursed their fortune, others asked mercy at God's hand, looking for death and to be eaten of the Carives. And in this time of tribulation came a Dove flying to the ship, being on good Friday at Sun set, and sat him on the ship top: whereat they were all comforted, and took it for a miracle and good token and some wept with joy, some said that God had sent the Dove to comfort them, 
Comfort of God.  others said that land was near, and all gave hearty thanks unto God, directing their course that way that the Dove flew: and when the Dove was out of sight, they sorrowed again, but yet remained with hope to see shortly land and on Easter-Day they discovered the Island of Santo Domingo, which was first descried by Christopher Z●rso, who cried, land, land, a cheerful voice to the sailors. The Pilot looked out, and knew that it was the point, or cape of Semana, and within four days after they arrived in the port of Santo Domingo, which was long wished for, and there they found the other ships of their company arrived many days before.   

The time that Cortes abode in Santo Domingo.  
Soon after that the governor Ouando was in his regiment and office, Cortes arrived at Santo Domingo, and the governors Secretary, called Medina, received and lodged him, and also informed him of the estate of the Island, and advised him what was needful to do, wishing that he would be a dweller there, and that he should have a plot to build upon, with certain ground for husbandry. But Cortes his thought was clean contrary, for he judged, that as soon as he came thither, he should lad with gold, whereby he did little esteem his friend Medina his counsel, saying, that he had rather go to gather gold, than to travel in husbandry. Medina yet persuaded him, that he should take better advisement, for to find gold, was doubtful, and very troubesome. This talk ended, Cortes went to kiss the governors hands, and to declare the cause of his coming, with other news from Estremadure the governors Country. The Governor friendly welcomed him, and also persuaded him to abide there, the which council he accepted, and shortly after went to the wars, whereof was Captain Iaymes Velasques, in the province of Anigua jaqua, and Guaca jarima, and other Lordships which were not as yet pacified with the late rebellion of Anacoana widow, who was a gentlewoman of great living. Ouando gave unto Cortes certain indians in the Country of Daiguae, and also the office of public notary in Azua, a town which the Governor had builded, and there dwelled Cortes five or two years, and began to play the good husband. Now in this mean season he would have gone to Veragua, which was reported to be marvelous rich, with the Captain Iaymes de Nicuesa: but because of an empostume that he had under his right knee, he went not, and as it happened, he was therein fortunate, for that thereby he escaped great perils and troubles, which happened to them that went on that voyage and journey.   

Things that happened to Cortes in the Island of Cuba.  
THe Lord james Colori being Admiral and chief Governor of the new India, sent one Iaymes Velasques to conquer the Island of Cuba, in the year. 1511. And gave unto him men, Armour, and other things necessary. And then Hernando Cortes went to that conquest as a Clerk to the Treasurer called Michael de Passamontes, for to keep the accounts of the King's fifth and revenues, being so entreated and required by the same Iaymes Velasques, because he was holden for a man both able and diligent. And it followed, that in the repartition of the lands conquered, Iaymes Velasques gave unto Cortes the Indians of Manicora●, in conjunct company with his brother in law called ivan Xuarez, whereupon Cortes did inhabit in Saint james de Barucoa, which was the first place of habitation in that Island, whereas he bred and brought up Cows, Sheep, and Mares, and was the first that had there any heard or flock, and with his Indians he gathered great quantity of gold, so that in short time he warred rich, and joined in company with one Andres de Duero a Merchant, and put in two thousand Castlins for his stock. He was also highly esteemed with jaymes Velasques, and put in authority to dispatch business, and to give order for edifices. In his time be caused a money house to be built, & also an Hospital. At that time one ivan Xuarez natural of the City of Granada, carried to the isle of Cuba his mother and three sisters, which came to the Island of Santo Domingo, with that vicequéene the Lady Mary of Toledo, in Anno. 1509. hoping to marry them there with rich men, for they were very poor. And the one of them named Cathelina was wont to say, That she should be a great Gentlewoman: it was either her dreams and fantasies, or else some Astronomer had made her believe so, but her mother was reported to be very cunning. The maidens were beautiful, for which cause, and also being there but few Spanish women, they were much made of, and often feasted. But Cortes was wooer to the said Cathelina, and at the end married with her: Although at the first there was some strife about the matter, and Cortes put in prison, because he refused her for his wife, but she demanded him as her husband by faith and troth of hand: wherein Iaymes Velasques did stand her friend, by reason of an other sister of hers which he had, but of an evil name. It so fell out that one Balthasar Bermudez, ivan Xuares, and the two Anthony Velasques, with one Villegas accused Cortes, that he aught to marry with Cathelina, yet those witnesses spoke of evil will many things, as touching the affairs committed to his charge, alleging that he used secret dealing with certain persons. The which causes although they were not true, yet they carried great colour thereof. For why? many went secretly to Cortes his house, complaining of jaymes Velasques. Some because they had not just repertition of the conquered Indians, and other some not according to desert. contrariwise james Velasques gave credit to his tale-bearers, because Cortes refused to marry with Cathelina Xuarez, & used uncourteous words unto him in the presence of many that stood by, and also commanded him to ward. And when Cortes saw himself in the stocks, he feared some process of false witness, as many times doth happen in those parties. At time convenient he broke the lock off the stocks, and laid hand upon the Sword and Target of the keeper, and broke up a window, escaping thereby into the street, and took the Church for Sanctuary. But when Iaymes Velasques had notice thereof, he was greatly offended with Christopher Lagos the jailer, saying, that for money he had loosed him: wherefore he procured by all means to pluck him out of the Sanctuary. But Cortes having intelligence of his dealing, did resist and withstand his force. Yet notwithstanding one day Cortes walking before the Church door, and being careless of his business, was caught by the back with a Sergeant called john Esquire and others, and then was put aboard a Ship under hatches. Cortes was well-beloved among his neighbours, who did well consider the evil will that the Governor bore unto him. But now Cortes seeing himself under hatches, despaired of his liberty, and did verily think, that he should be sent prisoner to the Chancery of Santo Domingo, or else to Spain, who being in this extremity, sought all means to get his foot out of the chain, and at length he got it out, and the same night he changed his apparel with a lad that served him, 
Cortes escapeth.  and by the Pump of the Ship he got out, not heard of any his keepers, climbing softly along the Ship side, he entered the Skiffe and went his way therewith, and because they should not pursue after him, he loosed the Boat of another Ship that road by them. The Currant of Macaguanigua a river of Barucoa, was so fierce, that he could not get in with his Skiffe, because he had no help to row, & was also very weary, fearing to be drowned if he should put himself to the land, wherefore he stripped himself naked, and tied a nyghtkerchiefe about his head, with certain writings appertaining to his office of Notary and Clearkshippe to the treasurer, and other things that were against the governor james Velasques, and in this sort swam to land, and went home to his own house, and spoke with john Xuarez his brother in law, and took Sanctuary again with Armour. Then the governor james Velasques sent him word, that all matters should be forgotten, and that they should remain friends, as in time past they had been, and to go with him to the Wars against certain Indians that had rebelled. Cortes made him no answer, but incontinent married with mistress Catalina Xuarez according to his promise, and to live in peace. james Velasques proceeded on his journey with a great company against the Rebels. Then said Cortes to his brother in law john Xuares, bring me (quoth he) my Lance and my Crossbow to the towns end. And so in that evening he went out of Sanctuary, and taking his Cross bow in hand, he went with his brother in law to a certain Farm, where james Velasques was alone, with his household servants, for his army was lodged in a Village thereby, and came thither somewhat late, and at such time as the governor was perusing his Book of charges, and knocked at his door which stood open, saying: Here is Cortes that would speak with the governor, and so went in. 
The governor was sore afraid.  When james Velasques saw him armed, and at such an hour, he was marvelously afraid, desiring him to rest himself, and also to accept his Supper: No Sir (quoth he) my only coming is, but to know the complaints you have of me, and to satisfy you therein, and also to be your friend and servitor. They then embraced each other in token of friendship. And after long talk, they lay both in one bed, where james de Orrelano found them, who went to carry news to the governor, how Cortes had fledee. After this sort came Cortes again to his former friendship with james Velasques, and proceeded with him to the Wars, but afterward at his return, he was like to have been drowned in the sea: For as he came from the Caves of Bani to visit certain of his shepherds and Indians that wrought in the Mines of Ba●r●●●oa where his dwelling was, his Canea or little boar overthrew, being night, and half a league from land, with tempest, whereby he was put to his shifts, and forced to swim, and happened to espy light that certain shepherds had which were at supper near the Sea side. By such like perils and dangers, run the excellent men's their race, until that they arrive at the Haven where their good lot is preserved.   

The discovery of new Spain.  
FRaunces Hernandes de Cordova did first discover Xucatan, going with three Ships for Indians, or else to barter. These Ships were set forth by Christopher Morante, and Lope Ochoa de Saizedo, in Anno. 1517. And although he brought home nothing at that time but stripes, yet he brought perfect relation, how the Country was rich of gold and silver, and the people of the country clothed. Then james Velasques governor of the Island of Cuba, sent the next year following his kinsman, called john de Grijalua, with two hundred spaniards in four Ships, thinking to obtain much gold and silver for his Merchandise at those places, which Frances Hernandez had informed him: So that john de Grijalua went to Xucatan, and there fought with the Indians of Champoton, and was hurt. From thence he entered the river of Tavasco, which Grijalua had so named, in the which place he bartered for things of small value. He had in exchange gold, cloth of cotton wool, and other curious things wrought of feathers. He was also at Saint john de Vlhua, and took possession for the King, in the name of james Velasques, and there also exchanged his Haberdashe wares, for Gold, and Coverlets of cotton, and feathers: and if he had considered his good fortune, he would have planted habitation in so rich a land, as his company did earnestly request him, and if he had so done, than had he been as Cortes was. But such wealth was not for him which knew it not, although he excused himself, saying, he went not to inhabit, but to barter only in traffic of his Merchandise, and to discover whether that land of Xucatan were an Island, or no. And finding it a main land, and populous, he left off for very fear. Likewise, some of his company were desirous to return to Cuba, among whom, 
Men tangled in foolish love.  was one Pedro de Aluado, who was far in love with a woman of that country. So they determined to return, with relation to the governor of such things as had happened till that day, and sailed homewards along the coast to Panuco, and so came to Cuba, to the great grief of many of his company. Yea some of them wept, with sorrow that he would not abide in that rich country. He was five months upon his voyage homeward from land to land, and eight months till his return to the City. But when he came home, the governor having heard of his proceedings, would not look upon him, which was his just reward.   

The Inventory of the treasure that Grijalua brought for his wares.  
IOhn de Grijalua bought of the Indians of Potonchan, Saint john de Vlhua, and other places of that coast, such things as made his fellows far in love with the Country, and loath to departed from thence. The workmanship of many of the things that they bought, was more worth than the thing itself, as this Inventory particularly doth show.  

The Inventory.  
A Little Idol of gold hollow.  
A greater of gold, with horns and hear, with a string of beadestones about his neck, and a Flyeflappe in his hand, and a little stone for his navel.  
A piece of gold, like the patent of a Chalice, garnished with stones.  
A Skull of gold, with two horns, and black hear.  
Two and twenty earrings of gold.  
Two and twenty pieces of an other fashion.  
Four bracelets of gold very broad.  
A pair of beads of gold, the stones hollow, with a Frog of gold hanging at the same.  
Another pair, with a Lion of gold.  
A great pair of earrings of gold.  
Two little Eagles of gold hollow.  
A little Saltseller of gold.  
Two earrings of gold with Turkey stones.  
A collar to hung about a woman's neck, of twelve pieces, with four and twenty stones hanging thereat.  
A great collar of gold.  
Six little collars of gold thin.  
Seven other collars of gold with stones.  
Four earrings of golden leaf.  
Twenty fishing hooks of gold.  
Twelve grains of gold, weighing fifty Ducats.  
A headlace of gold.  
Certain thin planches of gold.  
I Potedge pot of gold.  
In Idol of gold hollow.  
Certain thin brouches of gold.  
Nine bead stones of gold.  
Two pair of g●●t beads.  
One pair of wooden beads guilt.  
A little cup of gold, with eight purple stones, and twenty three stones of an other colour.  
Four bells of gold.  
A little sauser of gold.  
A little box of gold.  
Certain small collars of gold of small value.  
A hollow apple of gold.  
Forty hatchets of gold mixed with copper, valued in two thousand five hundred Ducats.  
A whole harness or furniture for an armed man of gold thin beaten.  
another whole armour of wood with leaves of gold, garnished with little black stones.  
A certain piece made like unto a feather, of an hide and gold jointly wrought.  
Four pieces of armour of wood made for the knees, and covered with golden leaf.  
Two targets covered with feathers of many and fine colours.  
diverse other targets of gold and feathers.  
A tough of feathers of sundry colours, with a little bird in the midst, very lively.  
A wing of gold and feathers.  
Two flyflappes of feathers.  
Two little chamberpottes of Allabatter, beset with many trim stones, and some fine, & among them there was one esteemed at two thousand Ducats.  
Certain beads of tin.  
Five pair of wooden beads rounds and covered with a lease of gold very thin.  
A hundred and thirty hollow bead stones of gold.  
Many beads of wood gilt.  
A pair of Sissers of wood gilt.  
Two gilt vissors.  
A vissor of strange gesture of gold.  
Four vissors of wood guilt.  
Four dishes of wood covered with golden leaf.  
A dogs head of gold beset with stones.  
another beasts head garnished with gold.  
Five pair of rush shoes.  
Three read hides.  
Seven razors of flint stone, for to cut up men that were sacrificed.  
Two painted dishes of wood with an Ewer.  
A garment with half sleeves of feathers of exceeding fine colours.  
A coverlet of feathers.  
Many coverlets of cotton very fine.  
Many other coverlets of cotton course.  
Two kerchiefs of good cotton.  
Many perfumes of sweet odor, much of that country fruits.  
They also brought a gentlewoman that was given them, and other prisoner Indians. And for one of them was offered his weight in gold, but Grijalua would not take it.   
They also brought news that there were Amazon's women of war, in certain Islands, and many gave credit, being amazed at the things that they had brought bartered for things of a vile price: as here-under appeareth the Merchandise that they gave for all the aforesaid jewels.  

The Inventory of the Spanish Merchandise.  
Six course shirts.  
Three pair of Mariners breeches of linen.  
Five pair of women's shoes.  
Five broad leathern girdles wrought with coloured thread, with their purses.  
Many purses of sheeps skin.  
Six glasses a little gilt.  
Four brouches of glass.  
Two thousand beadstones of glass green.  
A hundred pair of beads of diverse colours.  
Twenty wooden combs.  
Six pair of Sissers.  
Fifteen knives great and small.  
A thousand tailors nedels'.  
Two thousand pings of sorts.  
Eight pair of corded shoes.  
A pair of pincers and a hammer.  
Seven read night caps.  
Three coats of colours.  
A freeze coat with a cap of the same.  
An old green velvet coats.  
An old velvet cap.    

The determination of Cortes to prepare a Navy for discovery.  
Because john de Grijalua was absent a longer season than was Francisco Hernandez de Cordona, before his return, or giving advise of his proceedings, the governor Valasques prepared a carvel, and therein sent one Christofer de Olid, for to seek Grijalua with succour if need were, and gave Olid great charge, that he should return with news from Grijalua with all speed: But this messenger tarried but a small while upon his voyage, and saw but little of Yucatan, and not finding Grijalua, he returned back again to Cuba, which return happened not well for the governor nor yet for Grijalua. For if he had proceeded for the on his way to Saint john de Vlhua, he had then met with whom he sought for, and likewise caused him to have inhabited there. But he excused himself, alleging that he had lost his anchors, and was therefore forced of necessity to return.  
And as soon as Olid was departed on that voyage, Pedro de Aluarado returned to Cuba, with full relation of the discovery, & brought many things with him, wrought in gold, with strange coloured feathers, and cotton wool. The governor james Valasques rejoiced much to behold those principles: And all the Spaniards of Cuba wondered thereat, and likewise to hear the whole relation of the journey. Yet the governor feared the return of his kinsman, because some of his company that came sick and diseased from those parties, said that Grijalua meaned not to inhabit there; and that the people and land was great, and also how the same people were warlike: likewise the governor feared the wisdom and courage of his kinsman. Whereupon he determined to sand thither certain ships, with soldiers and armour and other trifling things, thinking chief to enrich himself by barter, and also to inhabit by force. He requested one Baltazer Vermudez to take that voyage in hand, who accepted the offer, but he demanded three thousand ducats for his furniture and provision. Their governor hearing this demand, answered, that in such sort the charges would be more than the profit: And so for that time left off the matter, because he was covetous, and loath to spend, thinking to provide an army at other mens cost, as he had done before, when Grijalua went first on that voyage, for at that time one Francisco de Montezo did furnish one ship. And also certain gentlemen called Alaunso Fernandez, Porto Carero, Alaunso de Auila & james de Ordas with many others, went with Grijalua at their proper costs and charges. It followed that the governor broke the matter to Cortes, & required that the voyage should be set forth betwixt them, knowing that Cortes had two thousand Castlyns of gold in the power of one Andres de Duero, a merchant, and also that Cortes was a man diligent, wise, and of stout courage. Cortes being of haughty stomach, accepted both the voyage and the charges, thinking the cost would not be much. etc. So that the voyage and agreement was concluded, whereupon they sent one john de Sanzedo to the king's counsel and chancery, resident in the Island of Santo Domingo, who were then religious persons) to have and obtain of them licence, freely to go and traffic into those parties of ● new discovery, and also to seek for john de Grijalua, for they imagined that without him small traffic would be had, which was, to exchange trifles of Haberdashe for gold and silver. The chief rulers of government at that time in the kings counsel there, were these following, Sogniour Alounso de Santo Domingo, Segniour Lewis de Figuer●a, & Segniour Bernardo de Munsaned●, who granted the licence, and appointed Hernando Cortes for captain General of the voyage, and setter forth in company of james Velasques. They also appointed a Treasurer, and Surveyor to procure for the king's portion or part, which was according to custom one fift part. In this mean season Cortes prepared himself for the journey, and communed with his especial friends to see who would bear him company: And he found three hundred men that agreed to his request. He then bought a Carvel and Vergantine, and another Carvel that Pedro de Aluarado brought home. another Vergantine he had of james Valesques: he provided for them armour, artillery, and other Munition: he brought also wine Oil, beans, Pease, and other victuals necessary: he took up also upon his credit, of one james Sauzed● much Haberdashe, to the value of seven hundred Castlyns in gold. The governor Velasques delivered unto him a thousand Castlyns which he possessed of the goods of one Pamfil● de Naruaiz in his absence, alleging that he had no other money of his own proper. And being in this manner agreed, the Articles and Conenauntes were drawn and set down in writing, 
The coming home of Grip●ua.  before a Notary, called Alounso de Escalantes, the three and twenty day of October Anno. 1518.  
In this mean time arrived at Cuba, john de Grijalua, upon whose arrival, the governor changed his purpose and pretence, for he refused to disburse any more money, nor yet would consent that Cortes should furnish his Navy. For the only cause was, that he meant to dispatch back again his kinsman and his army. But to behold the stout courage of Cortes, his charges, and liberality in expenses, it was strange, 
The governor an old enemy.  and to see how he was deceived. And also to consider, the flattery and deceit of his adversary, yea what complaints were made to the Lord Admiral, saying that Cortes was subtle, high minded, and a lover of honour, which were tokens that he would rebel, being in place convenient, and that he would revenge old griefs. Also it grieved Vermudez that he had not accepted the voyage, unto whom it was once offered, seeing the great treasure that Grijalua had brought, & what a rich land the country newly discovered was. Also he pretended that the governor would be chieftain of the fleet, although his kinsman were not fit for the room. The governor also thought that he being slack, Cortes would also be slack. But yet he seeing Cortes earnestly proceed, he sent one Amador de Larez a principal man, to entreat him to leave off the voyage (considering the Grijalua was returned) and that he would pay him all the costs & charges that he had laid out. Cortes understanding the governors mind, made answer unto Larez, that he would not leave of the journey, for very shame, nor yet break the agreement made. 
Courage of Cortes.  And also if Valasques would sand a Navy for his own account, he would be content, for (quoth he) I have already my licence and dispatch of the fathers & governors. And then be conferred with his friends, to know their minds if that they would favour and bear him company, at whose hands be found both ready help and friendship. He sought then for money, and took up upon his credit four M. Castlyns in gold, of his friend Andreas de Duero, & of Pedro de Xerez & others. With that which money he bought two ships, 6. horses, & much apparel, & began to furnish a house & keep a good table for comers & goers: he went also armed like a captain, & many waiting & attending upon him, whereat diverse murmured, saying that he was a Lord without rent. In this mean while came Grijalua to the City of saint james de Cuba: but his kinsman the governor would not look upon him because he had lest and forsaken so rich a land. Also it grieved him inwardly that Cortes proceeded thitherward so strong and mighty, and could by no means disturb or let him, and to see the great train that waited upon him with many of them that had been the other voyage with Grijalua: yea if that he should disturb him, blood shed would follow in the City. So that he was forced to dissemble his sorrow. Yet (as many affirm) he commanded that he should have no victuals sold unto him. Now Cortes departed from thence, proclaiming himself for General, and that the governor Valasques had nothing to do with his Navy, requesting his soldiers to embark themselves with such victuals as they had. He also bargained with one Fernando Alfonso for certain Hogs and Sheep that were prepared for the shambles, and gave unto him a chain of gold and brouches for payment, and also money, to pay the penalty that the butcher fell into for not providing the City. And so he departed from Saint james de Baracoa the eighteenth of November, with about three hundred Spaniards in six ships.   

The navy and men that Cortes carried with him to the Conquest.  
COrtez departed from Saint james de Barocoa with small provision of victuals for such a number of men, and also for the navigation which as yet was uncertain. And being out of that part, he sent Pedro Xuarez Gallinato with a Carvel to I●ymaica for victuals, commanding him, that those things which he should there buy, to go therewith to Cape de Corrientes, or to S. Anthony's point, which is the farthest part of that Island Westward. And he himself went with his company to Macaca, and bought there great quantity of bread, and some Hogs, of one Taymaio. Then he proceeded to the Trinity Island, and there bought an other Ship of one Alonso Guillen. And of particular persons he bought three Horses, and five hundred bushels of Corne. And being there at road, he had advice, that john Nonez Sedenio passed that way with a Ship laden with victuals, for to make sale thereof at the mines. Whereupon he sent james de Orda●, with a carvel well armed, for to take him, and to bring him unto S. Anthony's point. Ordas went and took him at the Channel de jardines', and brought him to the place appointed. Sedenio brought the register of his merchandise, which was great store of bread, Bacon, and Hens: Cortes gave him chains of gold, and other pieces for payment, and a bill for the rest. In consideration whereof, Sedenio went with him to the Conquest. In the Trinity Island Cortes gathered together two hundred men more, who had been in Grijalua his company, and were dwellers in that Island, and in Matancas, Carenias, and other Villages, and sending his ships forward, he went with his men by land to Havana, which was then inhabited on the South side in the mouth of the river called Onicaxinall, but there they would cell him no provision, for fear of the Governor Velasques. But yet one Christopher Galsada rent-gatherer to the bishop, and receiver for the Pope's Bulls, sold to him great store of Bacon and bread of that Country called Maiz, and other provision, whereby his fleet was reasonably provided. etc. And then he began to distribute his men and victuals aboard each vessel in good order. Then came Aluarado with his carvel, with his other friends Christopher de Olid, Alonso de Auila, Francisco de Monteio, & many others of Grijalua his company, who had been to talk with the governor Velasques. And among them came one Garnica so called, with letters for Cortes from Velasques, wherein he wrote, desiring him to abide there, for that he meant to come himself, or else to sand unto him, to treat of matters profitable for them both.  
Also, the said Governor sent other secret letters to james de Ordas and others, requiring them to apprehend and take prisoner Cortes. Now Ordas did invite Cortes to a banquet aboard his carvel, 
A snare laid for Cortes.  thinking by that means to catch Cortes in a snare, and so to carry him prisoner to the City of Saint james de Barocoa, but Cortes understood the matter, and feigned himself to be very sick, and also fearing some uproar, he went aboard his Ship Admiral, and shot off a piece of Ordinance, giving warning to his Navy to be in a readiness to make sail, and to follow him to Saint Anthony's point, which was done with expedition, and there in the Town of Guani Guaniga he mustered his men, and found five hundred and fifti● spaniards, whereof fifty were Mariners. He divided them into eleven companies, and appointed these persons following for Captains, that is to say, Alonso de Auila, Alonso Fernandez Porto Carrero, jaimes de Ordas, Francisco de Monteio, Francisco de Morla, Francisco de Salzeda, john de Escalante, john Velasques de Leon, Christopher de Olid, and one Escovar, and he himself as General took one Company. He made these many Captains, because his whole fleet was eleven sail, and that each of them should severally be Captain, both of Ship and men. He also appointed for chief Pilot Antonio de Alamines, who had taken charge before with Francisco de Hernandez de Cordova, and Grijalua. etc. He carried also 200 Indians, borne in the isle of Cuba, to serve and to carry baggage, & also certain Negroes with some Indian women, and sixteen Norses & Mares, with great provision of Bacon, corn, biscuit, hens, wine, oil, pease, and other fruits, with great store of Haberdash, as Bells, necklaces, beads of glass, collars, points, pings, purses, nedels', girdles, thread, knives, sissers, pinsars, hammers, hatchets, Shirts, Coyses, headkerchiefes, handkerchiefs, breeches, coats, cloaks, caps, Mariners breeches, all that which Merchandise he divided among his navy. The Ship Admiral was of the burden of a hundred Tons. Other three Ships of the burden of eighty Tons the piece. All the residue were small without overloppe, and vergan ines. The device of his enfigne or ancient, was flames of fire in white and blue, with a red cross in the midst, and bordered round with letters, in the Latin and Spanish tongues, which signified this in effect: friends, let us follow the Cross, and with lively faith with this standard we shall obtain victory. The premises (as ye have heard) was the furniture that Cortes provided for his journey, and with so small a thing he conquered so great and mighty an Empire, & strange Countries, unknown at that time. There was never Captain that did with like army overcome so infinite a people, & bring both them and their country under subjection. He carried no money to pay his soldiers, but was rather much indebted to others at his departure. And to say the truth, there needed any money to make pay to those soldiers that went to the Conquest, for if they should have served for wages, they would have ●one to other places near hand. But in India, every on● pretendeth the state of a noble man, or else great riches. Now all the fleet being in readiness (as ye have heard,) C●rtez he ga●an exhortation to his company as followeth.   

The Oration that Cortes made to his Soldiers.  
MY loving fellows and dear friends, it is certain that every valiant man of stout courage, doth procure by deeds to make himself equal with the excellent men of his time, yea and with those that were before his time. So it is that I do now take in hand such an entarprise, as godwilling shall be héereaster of great fame, for my●e heart doth prognosticate unto me, that we shall win great and rich Countries, and many people, as yet never seen to any of our nation, yea and (I believe) greater Kingdoms than those of our Kings. And I assure you, that the desire of glory doth furthèr extend, than treasure, the which in fort, mortal life doth obtain. I have now prepared Ships, Armour, Horses, and other furniture for the wars, with victual sufficient, and all things that are used as necessary in Conquests. I have but at great costs and charges, wherein I have not only employed mine own goods, but also the goods of my friends, yet me thinketh that the employment thereof doth increase my treasure and honour. We aught (loving fellows) to leave off small things, when great matters do offer themselves. And even as my trust is in God, even so greater pr●●●e shall come to our kings, and a nation of this 〈…〉, than hath heretofore of any other. I do not●●●●s how acceptable it will be to God our saviour, for whose 〈◊〉 I do chief and willingly hazard my goods and travel. I will not now it ●t of the perils and danger 〈…〉 I have passed 〈…〉 good men do rather 〈…〉. We dot now attempt and beg●● 〈…〉 good and just, and the almighty God in whose name and holy faith this voyage is begun, will assuredly grant unto us victory, and the time will show the end of things well begun. Therefore we will now have an other manner in our proceedings, than either Cordova or Grijalua had, whereof I mean not now to dispute, for the present time doth hasten us away, but at our arrival, we will do what shall seem unto us convenient. Here dear friends do I lay before you great gains, but wrapped in great travel, yet Virtue is an enemy to idleness. etc. Therefore if you will accept hope for Virtue, or Virtue for hope, and also if ye forsake me not, as I will not forsake you, I will with Gods help make you in short time the richest men that ever passed this way. I do see you are but few in number, but yet such men of haughty courage, that no force or strength of Indians can offend. Likewise we have experience, that Christ our saviour hath always favoured our nation in these parties. Therefore my dear friends, let us now in God's name departed joyful, expecting good success, according to our beginning. etc.   

The entrance of Cortes into the Island of Acusamill.  
WIth the aforesaid communication, Cortes. gave great hope to his company of weighty matters, yea and great admiration of his person, so that all his company had an earnest desire to proceed on that joiney. And Cortes likewise rejoiced, to see his men so willing: and incontinente, they embarked themselves, and after their prayers made unto God, hoist up their sails, and with fair wind departed the eighttenth day of February Anno 1519. And being at Sea, he willed all his navy (as the use is) to have S. Peter for their patron, warning them always to follow the Admiral (wherein he went) because he carried a light for the night season to guide them the way, which was almost East and West from S. Anthony's point, being the nearest part of Cuba to Cape de Cotoche, which is the first land point of Yucatan, whither they were bound, so that being there, they might run along the coast, between the North point and the West. The first night the Hernando Cortes began to pass over the gulf between Cuba & Yucatan, being little above lx. leagues, the wind rose up at North-east with much force, so that all the Fleet were separated without sight the one of the other: yet by the account that their Pilots kept, they arrived all saving one at the Island of Acusamil, although not at one time, and those that last arrived, were the Admiral, and Captain Morla his Ship, who had lost his Ruther, but by shooting of a piece, Cortes: understood his necessity, and came vering to him, and amayned his sails to secure him, being in the night season. Yet when the day appeared, it pleased God that the rage of the tempest ceased, & being clear day, they found again their Ruther, and trimmed the Ship, and made sail, and sailed that day and the next following, without sight of land, or any of the Fleet. But the third day they arrived at a cape or point of land, called women's cape. Cortes commanded Morla to follow him, directing his course to seek the residue of his Fleet, and arrived in this fort at the Island of Acusamil, and there found all his navy except one, whereof they heard no newe● in many days after. The people of that Island beholding such a strange sight, 
The fear of the Indians of Acusamil.  were in great fear and admiration, so that they gathered their stuff and went up into the Mountains. Cortes caused a certain number of his men to go a land to a Town which was near the place where they were arrived, and they found the town wrought with Mason's work, and good building, but they found no creature therein, yet in some houses they found cloth made of cotton will, and certain jewels of gold. Also they entered into a high tower made of stoneworke, near the sea side, and there they found nothing but Idols of earth and stone. With this news they returned to Cortes, and informed him what they had seen, and also many fair sown fields of Maiz, and great store of hives of Bees, and many trees of fruits, and also presented unto him the gold and other things that they had found. Cortes rejoiced with the news, but yet marveled that the people were fled, considering that when Grijalua was there, they had not so done, whereby he judged, that his navy being greater, caused them to fear and fly, and likewise he feared lest a snare were prepared for him. Then he commanded to unship his Horses for three causes: the one to discover the Country: and the other to fight if need were: and also to graze them, having there abundance. Also he unshipped his men of war, and sent them to discover the land. 
How the people were found  And in the thickest of the Mountains, they found four women, and three children, whom they brought to Cortes so that not understanding their language, by signs & tokens they imagined that one of them was the mother to the children, & mistress to the other women. The poor creatures bewailed their captivity. Cortes made much of them, & appareled the mistress as well as he might with Spanish attire: and to her servants he gave looking glasses and sissers: and to the little children other toys to play withal, using no dishonesty towards them. And then he determined to sand one of the wenches to call her master, and to inform him how well they were entreated. In this mean season came certain spies lurking a far off, by the commandment of their Lord, who was called Calachuni, to bring news of his wife, & what else passed. Cortes received them gently, & gave unto them certain trifles, and sent others to their Lord, and returned them with embassage on his behalf & his wives, to desire him to come unto him, and to see those folk from whom he had fled, promising, that neither his person, nor none of his country should receive any molestation of him, nor of any of his company. Calachuni understanding this friendship, and also with the love he bore to his wife and children, came the next day following with all the Townsmen, in whose houses the Spaniards were lodged, who would not permit that their guests should give place. And the Lord commanded, that they should be well entertained, and from that day forward provided them of bread, fish, honey, & fruit. Calachuni spoke and saluted Cortes with great humility and ceremony, and even so was he lovingly received, & well entertained. Cortes did then declare unto him the commodity that would ensue unto him by that nation. And also presented unto him & his company many toys, which were unto them of small value, but much esteemed among them, yea more than gold. 
A fact worthy of praise.  And moreover Cortes commanded, that all the gold and other things that his men had taken in the Town, should be brought before him, and placed it so, that every Indian knew his own, and was restored unto them, whereat they were not a little joyful, wondering at the liberality of the strangers, and departed both merry and rich with their strange gifts, and went throughout all the Island, showing to their fellows their presents, commanding them in the name of Calachuni their Lord, to return every man to his house, with their wives and children, commending highly the honest and gentle nature of the strangers. With this news and commandment, every man returned to his house and Town from whence he had fled. And after this sort their fear was past, and they provided the Camp abundantly of honey, bread, wax, fish, and fruit, all the time that they abode in that Island.   

The Indians of Acusamil gave news to Cortes of certain bearded men.  
NOw Cortes seeing these Indians quiet and well pleased, and also very serviceable, he did determine to take away their Idols, and to give them a remembrance of jesus Christ borne of the Virgin Mary, by one Melchior a fisherman and very rustical, who had been there before with Francisco Hernandez de Cordova, who declared unto them, that Cortes his Lord and captain would inform them of a better god, and better laws, than those which they maintained. The Indians answered, that they were contented therewith, and went with them unto their temples, and there broke down their Idols, and celebrated divine service, teaching them to adore and worship Christ crucified, so that they were very attentive to the doctrine, and ceased sacrifice of men which they were wont to use. These Indians did wonder much at the ships and horses, yea and marveled as much at our colour and beards, 
News of bearded men.  so that many times they would come and feel them, and signified unto them by signs and tokens towards Yucatan, that there were five or six bearded men. Then Cortes considering how profitable it would be to have an interpreter to understand and to be understood, he besought Calachuni that he would appoint a messenger to carry a letter to the bearded men, who were in the power of a great Lord and Tyrant, and Calachuni found none that durst take that journey in hand, fearing that they should be slain and eaten. Cortes seeing this, entreated with fair words, three of the Indians that served him to accept the journey, and gave them rewards for their labour: yet the Indians excused them, saying that they should be slain, notwithstanding with fair promises and rewards, they accepted the voyage, so that Cortes wrote with them this letter following.  
WOrshipful sirs, I departed from Cuba with cleven sail in my fleet, furnished with five hundred and fifty Spaniards, and I arrived here at Acusamil from whence I writ you this letter. The people of this Island have certified me, that there is in that country five or six bearded men, and in all points like unto us: they can not here inform me of any other signs or tokens, but hereby I do conjecture, and certainly believe that ye be Spaniards. Both I and these gentlemen of my company do come to discover and inhabit this land, we heartily pray you that within six days after the receipt hereof, ye come unto us, without any excuse or delay, and if ye so do, all we of this navy will gratify your gentleness & good service that ye shall do unto us. I do sand you a Vergantyn wherein you may come, & two ships for your safeconduct.  
Hernando Cortes.  
THis letter being written, there was found an inconvenience, which was, they knew not how to carry the letter so secretly that it might not be seen, & they taken for espies, whereof the said Indians stood in great fear. Then Cortes bethought him, that the letter would pass wrapped in the hair of the head of one of them, for ordinarily the Indians wear longheare, & on their solemn feasts & in wars they use their hair plaited & bound about their foreheads. And he appointed captain of the Vergantine wherein the messengers went, john de Escalante, & james de Ordas for captain of the other two ships, with fifty men if any need should happen. So shortly after she ships arrived at the place appointed, Escalante set a land his messengers, and abode there eight days they return, although he promised them to abide there but six days. And then seeing that they came not, he surmised that they were either slain or taken captives: & so returned back again to Acusamill without his messengers, whereof all the army were sorrowful, & chief Cortes, thinking that the Indians had wrong informed him. Now in this mean season they trimmed their ships of the hurt received by the late tempest, & at the return of the two ships and Vergantyne, they hoist up sails and departed.   

A miraculous chance how Geronimo de Aguilao came to Cortes.  
CAlachuni and all his subjects were full of heaviness (as it seemed) with the departure of the Christians, because they were well used at their hands. From Acusamil the fleet sailed to get the coast of Yucatan tooth cape called women's point, with prosperous weather, & there Cortes came to an Anchor, desirous to see the disposition of the land, and the manner of the people: but it liked him not, so that the next day following being shrovetuisday, he departed, meaning to double the said cape, and so to pass to Cotoche and to view it. But before they had doubled the point, Peter de Aluarado shot off a piece, in token that he was in great peril, whereupon the other ships drew near to know what had happened: And when Cortes understood that Aluarados ship was in so great a leak that with two pumps they might not empty the water, he found no other remedy but to return back again to Acusamil with all his fleet. The Indians of the Island came incontinent to the water side very joyful, and to know whether they had left any thing behind them. The Christians informed them of their mishap, and came a shore, & in short time found the leak & amended it. The Saturday following they took shipping again, all the army except Hernando Cortes, and fifty of his company, than the wind arose contrary, and so much, that they could not depart that day: & the fury of the wind endured all that night, but in the morning it waxed calm, so that they might proceed on their voyage. But for as much as that was the Sabbath day, they determined to hear divine service, and after dinner to make sail. When their service was ended, and Cortes fitting at his meat, there was news brought him that a little vessel called a Canoa, came under sail toward the ships, which seemed to come from Yucatan: with that news Cortes arose from his meat, to behold whether the Canoa went, and perceiving that she left the way toward the ships, he sent Andrew de Tapia with certain others, as secret & closely as might be devised, to lie in ambush for their coming a shore. The Canoa arrived in a calm place, out of the which came four men all naked, except their privy members, and the hear of their heads plaited and bound about their foreheads like unto women, with bows and arrows in their hands: three of them which were Indians, were afraid when they saw the Spaniards with their drawn sword, and would have fled again to their Canoa, but the Christian feared not, and desired his fellows in the Indian tongue to abide with him. And then he began to speak in the Spanish tongue in this wise: Masters are ye Christians, yea (quoth they) and of the Spanish nation. Then he rejoiced so much, that the tears fell from his eyes, and demanded of them what day it was, although he had a Primer wherein he daily prayed.  
He then besought them earnestly to assist him with their prayers & thanksgiving unto god for his delivery, & kneeling devoutly down upon his knees, holding up his hands, his eyes toward heaven, and his face bathed with tears, made his humble prayer unto God, giving most hearty thanks, that it had pleased him to deliver him out of the power of Infidels and infernal creatures, and to place him among Christians and men of his own nation. Andrew de Tapia holp him up, and took him in his arms, 
The coming of Aguilar to Cortes.  and so did all the others embrace & lovingly salute him. Then he commanded the other three Indians to follow him, and went talking with his friends, where Cortes abode, who received him joyfully, and gave unto him such apparel as he needed, and with great pleasure having him in his company, he demanded the estate of his misfortune, and what was his name, who answered before them all, saying, Sir my name is Geronimo de Aguilar, I was borne in the City of Esifa in the Andolozia, and by misfortune I was lost after this sort. In the wars of Darien and in the time of the contentions and passions of james de Nicuessa, and Vasco Nonez Balboa, I came with Captain Valdinia in a little Carvel, toward Santo Domingo, to give advice to the Admiral and governor, of the troubles which had happened, and my coming was for men and victuals: and likewise we brought twenty thousand Ducats of the kings in Anno. 15 11. And when we apported at jamaica, our carvel was lost on the shallows which were called the Vipars, and with great pain we entered (about twenty persons) into the boat, with out sail, water or bread, and weak provision of oars: we thus wander thirteen or fourteen days, and then the currant, which is there very great & runneth always weastward, cast us a shore in a province called Maija, & traveling on our way, seven of our fellows died with hunger & famine. And captain Valdinia & other 4. were sacrificed to the idols by a cruel and cursed Cacike, that is to say, a Lord in whose power we fell, etc.  
And after the sacrifice, they were eaten among the Indians for a solemn banquet: and I, and other six were put into a Cage or coupe, to be fattened for an other sacrifice. And for to escape such abominable death, we broke the prison and fled through certain mountains: So that it pleased God that we met with another Cazike who was enemy to him that first took us, his name was Quinqus, a man of more reason and better condition, he was Lord of Xamansana: he accepted us for his captives, but shortly after he died, and then I abode with Taxmar his heir. Then deceased other five of our fellows, so that there remained but only I and one Gonsalo Guerrer, a mariner, who now abideth with Nachancan the Lord of Chetemal, and he married with a rich gentlewoman of that country, by whom he hath children, and is made a Captain, and well esteemed with the Cazike for the victories that he hath had in the wars against the other Lords. I sent unto him your worship's letter, desiring him that he would come with me having so fit a passage, but he refused my request, I believe for very shame, because he had his nose full bored of holes, & his ears sagged, his face & hands painted according to the use of the country, or else he abode there for the love he bore to his wife and children. All those which stood by & hard this History, were amazed, to hear Geronimo de Aguilar report how those Indians did sacrifice & eat man's flesh. They also lamented the misery & death of his fellows, and highly praised God, to see him free from his bondage & from such cruel & barbarous people, & to have likewise so good an enterpreter with them, for undoubtedly it seemed a miracle that Aluarados ship fell into a leak, for with the extremity they returned back again to that Island, whereas with contrary wind they were constrained to abide the coming of Aguilar. And certainly he was the mean & speech of all their proceedings. And therefore have I been so prolixious in the rehearsal of this matter, as a notable point of this history. Also I will not let to tell how the mother of Geronimo de Aguilar, become mad. etc.  
When she hard the her son was captive among people the used to eat man's flesh, & ever after when she saw any flesh spitted or roasted, she would make an open outcry, saying, o I miserable woman, behold this is the flesh of my dear beloved son who was all my comfort.   

The Island of Acusamil.  
THe Indians natural of that country do call their Island Acusamil, & corruptly Cosumel. john de Grijalua was that first Spaniard that apported there, and named it the holy Rood, because he fell in sight thereof on holy road day. It containeth ten leagues in length & three leagues in breadth, although some say more, some less: it standeth twenty degrees on this side the equator, and five leagues from the women's cape: it hath three villages, in the which liveth near; thousand men. The houses are of stone and brick, and covered with straw & bows, & some with tile. Their temples and towers are made of lime & stone very well built: they have no other fresh water but out of wells and rain water. Calachuni is their chief Lord: they are brown people & go naked: & if any wear cloth, it is made of cotton wool only to cover their privy members: they use long hear plaited & bound about their foreheads: they are great fishermen, so the fish is their chiefest food & sustenance, they have also Maiz which is for bread: also good fruits: & honey, but somewhat sour: and plots for bees, which contain. 1000 hives. They knew not to what use wax served, but when they saw our men make candles thereof, they wondered thereat. Their dogs have Fox faces and bark not, these they geld and fatten to eat. This Island is full of high mountains, & at the feet of them, good pastures, many Dear, and wild Boars, Connyes and Hares, but they are not great. The Spaniards with their handguns and crossbows provide them of that victual, fresh salt and dried. The people of this Island are Idolaters, they do sacrifice children, but not many. And many times in stead of children they sacrifice dogs. They are poor people, but very charitable and loving in their false religion and belief.   

The religion of the people of Acusamil.  
THe temple is like unto a square tour broad at the foot, & steps round about it, & from the midst upward very strait: the top is hollow & covered with straw: it hath four windows with frontals and galleries. In that hollow place is their chapel, whereas their Idols do stand. The temple that stood by the sea side was such a one, in the which was a marvelous strange Idol, 
A strange Idol.  and differed much from all the rest, although they have many and of diverse fashions. The body of this Idol was great and hollow, and was fastened in that wall with lime: he was of earth. And behind this Idols back was the vestry, where was kept ornaments & other things of service for the temple. The priests had a little secret door hard adjoining to the Idol, by which door they crept into the hollow Idol, and answered the people that came with prayers & petitions. And with this deceit the simple souls believed all that the Idol spoke, & honoured the god more than all the rest with many perfumes & sweet smells, and offered bread and fruit, with sacrifice of quails blood, and other birds, and dogs, and sometime man's blood. And through the fame of this Idol and Oracle, many Pilgrims came to Acusamil from many places. At the foot of this Temple was a plot like a Churchyard, well walled and garnished with proper pinnacles, 
The God of rain.  in the midst whereof stood a Cross of ten foot long, the which they adored for God of the rain, for at all times when they wanted rain, they would go thither on Procession devoutly, and offered to the Cross quails sacrificed, for to appease the wrath that the God seemed to have against them: and none was so acceptable a sacrifice, as the blood of that little bird. They used to burn certain sweet gum, to perfume that God withal, and to be sprinkle it with water, and this done, they believed assuredly to have rain. Such is the Religion of those Indians of Acusamil. They could never know the original how that God of Cross came amongst them, for in all those parties of India, there is no memory of any Preaching of the Gospel that had been at any time, as shall be showed in another place.   

The Battle and winning of Potenchan.  
COrtez proceeded with his Fleet very joyful, because he had found one of his Ships which he thought had been lost, & aported at the river de Grijalua, which in the Indian tongue is called Tavases, and anckred at the rivers mouth, fearing to enter in with the bigger vessels over the bar: and incontinente came many Indians to gaze at them and their Ships, who were armed with feathers, and such like armour as they use, seeming a far off trim fellows. They wondered not much to see our ships and men, because they had seen before john de Grijalua in the same River. The behaviour of that people, and situation of the Country, liked Cortes very well, so that leaving sufficient guard in his ships, he manned his Vergantynes and Boats, and carried with him certain pieces of Ordinance, and with force of oars he entered the River against the stream, which was very great, and having rowen little more than half a league, they espied a great Town walled with Timber, and the houses made of mudwall, covered with straw. The Town wall was very strong, with loop holes to offend withal. And before our men came near the Town, they met with many little Boats, which the Indians call Tahucup, full of armed men, showing themselves desirous of battle. Cortes proceeded forwards, and made unto them signs of peace, declaring unto them by his interpreter, that his coming thither was not to molest or disquiet them, but only to take fresh water, and to buy victuals, as men that traveled by Sea, and stood in need thereof, promising good payment for any thing that they should take. The Indians hearing their request, promised to show their message to the Townsmen, and would also return with their answer and victuals, and so departed. In short space they returned again, and brought bread and fruit, and eight Turki● Cocks, and presented it frankly unto them. Cortes gave them thanks, 
Poli●ie.  but (quoth he) the provision that ye have brought, is very little, for the need that I and so many persons which I have within yonder great vessels locked and shut up, therefore I pray you to bring me more victuals, or else to permit and suffer me and my folks to come unto your Town to seek our● remedy.  
The Indians demanded one nights space to do the one and the other, and departed toward the town. Cortes also went to a little Island that standeth in the river, to abide their answer, so that each pretended to deceive the other, for the Indians demanded that time, to the intent to carry that night away their goods, and to put in safety their wives and children in the Mountains, and likewise to gather their men of war to defend their Town. 
Diligence of a good Captain.  Cortes also commanded his Hargabushiers and Crossebowmen to go a land upon the Island, and caused the River upwards to be sought for way, to wade over, so that these things were done that night without any knowledge to the contrary side. And all those which abode aboard the ships, came unto Cortes, and those who went to s●eke the passage, found within less than half a league upwards, a place that was of depth to the girdle of a man. And likewise found such covert of woods, that they might come near unto the Town, and not to be seen.  
This news liked well Cortes, whereupon he appointed two Captains, whose names were Alonso de Auila, and Peter de Aluarado, and to each of them fifty men. The same night he sent certain Soldiers with a sea compass, to lie in ambush in the wood which stood between the river and the town, for two considerations. The one, because the Indians should see, that there were no more spaniards in the Island, than were the day before. And the other was, that his men hearing their watchword, should assault the town on the land side. And as soon as the day appeared, came eight boats of Indians armed, whereas our Camp was pitched, who brought a little victual, saying they could get no more, because that the inhabitants of the Town were fled, with fear of them, and their deformed vessels, desiring them to return aboard their Ships, and not to disquiet the people of that Country. The interpreter answered, that it was against humanity to suffer them to perish with hunger, yea and if they would hear the cause of their coming, they should shortly see what profit would redound unto them. The Indians replied, that they would take no counsel of strangers and men whom they knew not. Likewise, they thought not good to lodge such guests in their houses, for they seemed terrible, and such as would be commanders. But if they would needs have water, they might take river water, or else make wells on the shore, for so did they at their need.  
Then Cortes seeing that words prevailed not, he signified unto them that he would enter their Town by force, to see it and their Country, for to give thereof relation to the greatest Prince in the world, who had sent them thither: requesting them to be therewith contented, considering he meant not to disquiet them: and if they would not permit the same, he would commend himself to his God, and to the strength and force of his men. The Indians answered again, that they should departed, and not thus brag in other men's land, for in no wise they would permit them to enter their Town. And if with this warning they would not depart, they meant to kyl both him and as many as were with him. Yet Cortes ceased not to use all humanity with those barbarous people, according to the commandment and instructions given unto him by the King of Castill, which was, to require those people oftentimes with peace, before the attempting of war, or entering perforce into their Towns and Country, so that yet again he convited them with peace, promising them liberty with good entertainment, assuring them of things profitable both for body and soul, and that they might account themselves happy with the knowledge thereof: but if now they would refuse his offer, he did then warn them to make them ready for the evening, for before the going down of the Sun, he did hope with the help of his God, to rest and take up his lodging in the Town, in despite of all the inhabitants thereof, who had refused his offer.  
The Indians laughed at his talk, and scorning at him, they returned to the Town, to inform their fellows of the pride and madness that they thought they had heard. Then the spaniards went to dinner, and having well refreshed themselves, they put on their Armour, and went aboard their Boats and Vergantines, looking for some answer from the Indians, and seeing the Sun decline apace, and no answer, Cortes advised the spaniards that lay in ambush in the wood, to give assault, and he embarked himself with his rapier and Target, giving likewise assault with near two hundred men, who coming near the Town walls, discharged his Ordinance, and leapt into the water to the knees, and began valiantly to assault the walls and bulwarks. The Indians seeing their enemies so nigh unto them, began to fight with ceurage, shooting arrows, throwing of darts and stones, wherewith they hurt about twenty spaniards: yea, and though the fearful noise of the Ordinance did many times so annoyed them, being things so strange, and never before seen of them, yet they fled not from the walls, but resisted the Christians valiantly, and suffered them not to enter the Town that way, if they had not been assaulted in another place. But when the Company that lay in ambush heard the shooting of their fellows, they began likewise their onset. The Indians knowing nothing what was prepared behind their backs, and having also their hands full in defending the entrance by the River: and the Christians finding that part of the Town without resistance, entered in with a terrible noise, kill as many as they met. Then the Townsmen understood their oversight, and would have remedied it, and fled from the place where Cortes was giving combat, whereby Cortes and his Company entered the Town at ease, without contradiction, so that he and the other Company of his Soldiers met together at the Market place, and expulsed all the Indians out of the Town, except those that were taken prisoners, and the carcases of the dead. Then the christians sought the spoil, and found nothing but Turkey Hens, and some things wrought of Cotten wool, but very little Gold.  
There was that day above four thousand Indians in fight and defence of the Town: There was much Indian blood shed, because they fought naked, many were wounded, and few Captive. Cortes lodged himself with his army in the chiefest Temple of the Idols, where was room sufficient. They kept that night good watch, as in a house of enemies, but the poor Indians durst not once interrupt them. After this sort was Potonchan taken, being the first City that Cortes wan by force in all his Conquest.   

The Battle of Cintla.  
ALL the night Cortes slept not, but rather occupied himself in carrying the wounded men, & other stuff aboard the Ships, 
C●re o●●●oo●●●●p●●ay●●.  & also to disenbarke thirteen Horses, & the residue of his men that he had left aboard, that which he brought to pass before the sun rising, although the Tavascans had notice thereof. When the sun was risen, he had with his company made unto God their prayers, and mustered his men, where were at that time in Camp near five hundred spaniards, thirteen Horses, and six pieces of ordinance: These Horses were the first that ever came into that Country, which now is called new Spain. He planted his men and munition in good order, and thus marched forwards toward Cintla. The Indians seeing this preparation, began also to make ready, and to place in good order forty thousand men in five companies: 
Forty thousand Indians.  their meeting was in ploughed land among many deep lakes and ponds, very dangerous to pass, so that our men by reason thereof were brought out of order. And Hernando Cortes with his horsemen went to seek a better passage, and to enclose himself among certain trees on their left hand, for to set upon the enemies when time should serve. The footmen proceeded on, and passed many marish grounds, until they came to the tilled land. The Indians were expert in those places where they began the battle, shooting with their bows and slings, and throwing of darts. And although our men did some hurt among them with their Crossbows, handgunnes, and Ordinance, when they were in place to shoot, yet the Indians pursued our men so thick, that they could not put them off, for by policy, the Indians of Potonchan had sought out that place: and it is to be thought that they were not barbarous, nor of small understanding in wars, yet notwithstanding with much pain, our men gate out of that place, and obtained another somewhat better, and more plainer ground, whereas they might use their Ordinance, and fight with their weapon's body to body. But the Indians being so great a number, 
Peril of the Christians.  drove our men to so narrow a place, that they were fain to join back to back for their own defence, yea & for all that were in marvelous great danger, for they had no room to use their Ordinance, nor yet Horsemen to make them way. They being in this perplexity, and ready to fly, suddenly appeared a Horseman with a speckled Horse, 
A miracle.  whom they judged to be Captain Morla, which Horseman set upon the Indians, and made them retire: and having more space than before, they set afresh upon the enemies, and slew some of them. In this mean time the Horseman vaded away, and was not seen, and with his absence the Indians began afresh, and enclosed the christians in the same danger that they were in before: then the Horseman appeared again near our men, and made marvelous way among the enemies, whereupon our men seeing this succour, gave the onset again with great courage, and slew and hurt many Indians, but at the best season, the Horseman vanished away clean out of sight, and when the Indians saw not the Horseman, with fear of whom they fled, thinking that he had been a Centaur, and that the Horse and man was all one incorporate, they returned again with lively courage, and used our Christians worse than they had done before. Then the Horseman returned the third time, and put the Indians to flight with great hurt, whom our footmen pursued with great slaughter.  
Now at this instant came Cortes with all his company of horsemen, being wearied with the travail in passing such strange lakes and wilderness, whereof the country is replenished. Our men being joyful of his coming, they began to inform him what wonders they had seen a horseman do, which came to secure them, demanding of him which of their company it was. Cortes answered and faithfully assured them, that it was none of their company, because it was not possible for any of them to come any sooner: Then they all gave God praise, believing that it was a help sent from heaven. Cortes said (my dear fellows) forwards, for god is with us. Then the horsemen set upon the Indians, and with force of lance drove them out of the marish ground, and broke their main battle. The Indians incontinent left the field, and fled into the thick wooden, the footmen followed them, and slew above three hundred Indians, besides many other that were hurt. There were above scutcheon Spaniards wounded with arrows and stones. 
A sudden disease   
And whether it were with labour of the battle, or with excessive heat, or with drinking the water of that place, there fell such a stitch in their loins, that about a hundred of them fell flat upon the ground, not able to go nor stand. their fellows being forced to carry them on their backs, But it pleased god that the same night the pain went from them, being in the morning well again. Who seeing themselves delivered from so many perils, gave most humble thanks to the almighty god that had miraculously delivered them. They all agreed that three times they had seen the strange horseman, with the speckled horse, fight in their favour, as is aforesaid, believing generally it was a miracle, as certainly it did appear, for the Christians did not alone see this thing, but also the Indians did much note it, for the marvelous flercenesse wherewith he came upon them, with such great murder, that they were amazed, and almost blind with his brightness, being so trodden under his feet. The captive Indians after the battle declared the circumstance thereof.   

The Lord Tavasco submitteth himself to the Christians.  
COrtez released some of his prisoners and sent them to their Lord, saying that it grieved him the hurt done on both parties, but the fault was theirs. And that god was witness of his innocency and also of his courtesy offered unto them. But notwithstanding all that was passed, he pardoned their error with suck condition, That if in continent or within two days, their Lord would come unto him, to yield satisfaction of their malice and stubborness, and to treat of peace and friendship, warning and advising them, that if they came not within the time appointed, he would enter into his country, burning and spoiling with slaughter both great & small, armed and unarmed: with which message the messengers departed, and Cortes returned to the town to cure his wounded men. The next day came fifty ancient Indians to crave pardon for their offence, 
The Cazike enbassadours.  and also licence to bury the dead, with likewise safeconduct that their rulers and principal persons might safely come unto the town. Cortes granted their request, warning them to make any lies or yet to conspire again: and also if their lords came not personally, he would not hear any more ambassadors: with this rigorous commandment & protestation they departed. These Indians feeling their strength would not prevail, thinking the christians to be invincible, their Lords and chiefest persons did determine to go and visit the christians and their captain. And according to the time appointed, the Lord of that town and other four Lords his neighbours came unto Cortes with a good train of their vessals and servitors, and presented unto him, bread, turkey hens, & fruits, with other like provision for his host, with four hundred pieces of gold of the value of 400. double ducats, with other small jewels, and crrtaine turkey stones of small value. And twenty women slaves, to serve to make bread and dress meat for the whole army. He craved and beseeched Cortes to pardon his former offence. And to accept and receive them into his friendship. And in token of his obedience, he and his fellows did willingly deliver their bodies, lands and goods into his hands and power. Cortes did lovingly receive them, and gave unto them certain trifles of his wares, which they esteemed much. And those Indians hearing the horses and mares neigh, they marveled at their neighing, thinking that the horses could speak, & demanded of the Christians what they said, (marry quoth they) these horses are sore offended with you because ye fo●●ht with them, & would have you corrected and chastened for your so doing. The simple Indians hearing this, presented roses and Gynea Hens unto the horses, desiring them to eat and to pardon them.   

Certain questions that Cortes demanded of the Cacike Tavasco.  
MAny things passed between our men & the Indians: for where the Indians understood them not, their behaviour was much to laugh at. And using conversation with our men, & seeing they received no hurts of them, they brought to the town their wives and children, which were no small number. And among many matters that Cortes communed with Tavasco by the mouth of jeronimo de Aguila his enterpreter:  
The first question was: Whether there were mines of gold or silver in that country, and from whence they had that small quantity that they had brought unto them?  
The second question was: Why they denied him their friendship, more than the other captain that had been there the year before?  
The third was: Why they being so many in number, fled from them being so few?  
The fourth was: To give them to understand the mighty power of the king of Castill. 
The answer of the Cacike.  And last of all to give them knowledge of the faith of jesus Christ.  
As touching Sir (quoth he) the mines of gold and silver in our country, we seek for none, for we seek not after treasure and riches, but we procure and desire a quiet life. And that gold which we have, was found by chance: for we know not what mines do mean. Yet notwithstanding further within the land, whereas the sun doth hide himself, there the people do find much gold and are given to seek the same.  
And as touching the captain that was here of late, we seeing the men and ships to be such as we had never before seen, spoke unto them and demanded what they would have, they said that their coming was, to change their merchandise for gold and nothing else, wherefore we granted to their request. But now seeing greater vessels and more in number, we feared lest ye came to take our substance. And I knowing myself nothing inferior to any of my neighbours, would not permit any injury to be offered me, and that he and his subjects did esteem themselves the most valiant of men of war in all these parties, and that none durst take away their goods, women, and children, to be sacrificed by force, whereupon he thought to withstand those few Christians, but (quoth he) I found myself deceived, seeing we could not kill any of your company. And likewise the brightness of your weapons did blind us, and the wounds you made were incurable.  
But the noise and lightning of your ordinance did more amaze us, than either thunder-clappes or tempest: and also the great spoil that you made among us therewith: likewise your strange horses made us greatly to wonder, to behold their open mouths, we feared to be swallowed. And then to consider their swiftness in running, we knew no creature could escape them. But the first horse that fought with us, put us in marvelous fear, being but one, but when we espied many, than all our help was past, for we believed that the horse and man was all one incorporate.   

How the Indians of Potonchan broke down their Idols, and worshipped Christ crucified.  
WIth the relation of Tavasco Cortes saw that the country was not for Spaniards, nor yet he took it a thing convenient to settle themselves where no gold nor silver was, or other riches. And so pretended to pass forwards to discover westward the land endued with gold. But before his departure, he declared to those new conquered Indians, that the Lord in whose name he and his company had taken that journey was king of Spain and Emperor of Christians, and the greatest Prince in the world, unto whom many kings and Princes did homage and obey. And that his rule and government in justice proceeded from God, being just, holy, peaceable, and sweet, and also the Monarchy of the universal did appertain unto him. And for these causes he required them to yield themselves as his subjects. And it they would do so, there should ensue unto them great profit, laws and policy. And as touching their religion, he declared their blindness & great abuses which they used in worshipping many Gods, and in making sacrifice unto them with man's blood, yea & thinking that those images and Idols, did or could do good or evil unto them, being dumb, without life or soul, yea and the work of their own hands. He certified them of one god maker of heaven and earth, and all creatures whom the Christians did worship and serve, and that all creatures aught to do the same. In conclusion with this doctrine they broke down their Idols, and received the cross, Cortes having first declared unto them the great miseries that the son of God suffered on the Cross for mankind. And in the greatest temple of Potonchan, set up a Cross in remembrance of the death of Christ and celebrated the feast upon their knees, and the multitude of Indians likewise, and departed to their meat. Cortes desired them within two days to come again to their divine service. And that day was Palm sunday. And so they did and brought an infinite number of men women and children of other villages with them which was strange to behold. And there generally gave their vassalship to the king of Spain into the hands of Hernando Cortes, with protestation of perpetual friendship with the Spanish nation. So that these were the first vassals that the Emperor had in the new Spain. And this feast and ceremony ended, our men took shipping with the palm boughs in their hands. In this doing Cortes deserved no less praise than in his victory, for he used wisdom with manhood in all his doings: he left those Indians with a new faith, and the town free and without hurt, he took none for slaves, nor yet any spoil nor exchanged his merchaundice for any thing although he abode there twenty days. The town is called in the Indian tongue Potonchan, that is to say, a place that stinketh, and our men named it, the victory.  
The Lord (as ye have heard) was called Tavasco, and therefore the first Spaniards that came thither, named the river Tavasco, but Grijalua called it after his own name, whose name and remembrance will not so soon be forgotten. And truly all those that do discover new countries, aught to make perpetual their own names. This town doth contain near five and twenty thousand houses (as some say) but as every house standeth by himself like an Island, it seemeth much bigger than it is in deed. The houses are great, made of lime stone, & brick: others there are made of mood wall, and rafters & covered with straw or boards. Their dwelling is in the upper part of the house, for the great moistness of the rivers and lakes, and for fear of fire, they have their houses separated the one from the other. Without, the town they have more fairer houses than within for their recreation and pleasure. They are brown people, and go almost naked, and eat man's flesh sacrificed. Their weapons are bows and arrows, slings, darts, and lances. 
The armour of the Indians.  The armour wherewith they defend themselves, are Targets and skulls made of wood or bark of trees, and some of gold very thin. They have also a certain kind of harness made of cotton wool wrapped about their stomach.   

The good entertainment that Cortes had in Saint john de Vlhua.  
Captain Cortes and his company being embarked, sailed west wards as nigh the shore as they might. And this coast having no harbours, they found no place where they might Anchor safely with their greater vessels, until they arrived upon Mandie thursday at Saint john de Vlhua, which seemed a good harbour for them. The Indians of this place call this harbour Chalchicoeca, there the fleet came to Anchor. They were not so soon at Road, but incontinente came two little boats named Acalles, inquiring for the General of the Fleet, who when they came to his presence, did humble reverence unto him, and said unto him that Teudilli the governor of that Province sent to know what people they were, and what they would have, and whether they meant to stay there or proceed farther. Aguillar did not well understand that language. Cortes caused them to come aboard his Ship, giving them thanks for their pains and visitation. He made unto them a banquet of Wine and Conserua, and said unto them, that the next day following he would come aland, and talk with the governor, whom he besought not to altar him not his people with his coming a shore, for he meant not to molest him, but rather to pleasure and profit him. To that these messengers were rewarded with certain gifts, they eat and drank, but yet suspected evil, although they liked the Wine well, wherefore they desired to have thereof, and also of the Conserua, to present unto their Lord, which was given them, and so departed.  
The next day being good Friday, Cortes came aland with his Boats full of men, and brought his Horses and artillery a shore by little and little, with all his men of war, and two hundred Indians of Cuba, which served to toil and labour. He planted himself in the best situation that he could find among the Sandy banks on the Sea side, and there pitched his Camp, and having near that place many trees, they built them Cottages with boughs.  
From a little Village that was at hand, came many Indians to gaze at things so strange, and the like never seen unto them, and brought with them gold to barter for such toys, as the two little Boats had brought from them before. They brought also bread and meat ready dressed after their use likewise to cell. Our men changed with them beadestones of glass, looking glasses, sissers, knives, pings, and such other wares, whereof the Indians were not a little glad, returning home to their houses, showing their neighbours. The joy and pleasure that these simple souls took with these trifles, was so great, that the next day they came again with other Indians laden with jewels of gold, Turkey Hens, bread, meat, and fruit, that sufficed for all the Camp, and for the same they received nedels', and beadestones of glass, but the poor souls thought themselves therewith so rich, that they knew not where they were with joy and pleasure, yea and they thought that they had deceived the Strangers. Now Cortes seeing the great quantity of gold brought and bartered so foolishly for trifles of no value, proclaimed throughout all his host, that no Christian should take any gold upon great penalty, 
Wisdom.  and that they should all show, as though they knew not to what purpose the gold served, and that they passed not for it, because they should not think that the desire thereof had brought them thither, and so they did dissemble that great demonstration of gold, to see what was meant thereby, and whether the Indians had brought that gold, to prove whether their coming was for that or no. On Easter day in the morning, 
The coming of the Governor.  came Teudilli the Governor to the Camp, from C●tosta his dwelling place, which was eight leagues from thence. He brought attending upon his person four thousand men without weapon, and the most part well clothed, some of them with garments of Cotton, rich after their manner. And others naked, laden with victuals in great abundance, which was strange to see. Teudilli according to their usance, did his reverence to the Captain, burning frankincense, and little straws touched in blood of his own body, 
A strange salutation.  he presented unto him the victuals, and certain jewels of gold very rich and well wrought, and other things made of feathers very curious strange and artificial. Cortes embraced him in his arms, and received him joyfully, saluting all his company. He gave to Teudill● a coat of silk, a brooch, and a collar of glass, with many other pieces of Haberdashe wares, which was highly esteemed of him.   

The talk of Cortes with Teudilli.  
ALL the former talk was had without an Interpreter, because jeronimo de Aguillar understood not this language, because it differed much from the speech of the other Indians, whereas he had been captive: for which cause Cortes was somewhat careful, because he would largely have discoursed with Teudilli. It chanced that among those twenty women given him in Potonchan, 
A marvelous hap.  one of them stood talking with a servant of Teudilli, because she understood them as men of her own language. Cortes espying this, called her aside, and promised her more than liberty, so that she would be a trusty and faithful interpreter betwixt him and those Indians, and that he would esteem her as his Secretary. And further demanded of her of what lineage she was, than she answered, that she was natural of the Country that bordered upon Xalixco, and of a town called Viluta, daughter unto rich parents, and of the kindred of the Lord of that land. And being a little girl, certain Merchants did steal her away in time of war, and brought her to be sold at the fair of Xicalanco, which is a great Town near Coasaqualco, not far distant from Tavasco: and after this fort she came to the power of the Lord of Potonchan. This woman was Christened Marina. She and her fellows were the first Christians baptized in all the new Spain, and she only with Aguilar, were Interpreters betwixt the Indians and our men.  
Now Cortes being assured of his true Interpreters, he celebrated his accustomed divine service, and Teudilli with him, and after they had dined in Cortes his Tent in presence of many spaniards and Indians, Cortes informed Teudilli how that he was vassal to the Lord Charles of Austria Emperor of the Christians, and King of Spain, and Lord over a great part of the world, whom great Kings and Princes did serve and obey: and that all Princes were glad to be his friends for his Virtue and might. And he having advertisement of that Country and Lord thereof, had sent him thither to visit him on his behalf, and to inform him of certain secret matters, the effect whereof he had in writing. 
The answer of Teudilli.  Sir (quoth Teudilli,) I am very glad to hear the Majesty and Virtue of the Emperor your master, but you shall understand, that my Lord the Emperor Melzuma is as great and as good a Prince as he. And I do much marvel, that there should he any so great a Prince in the whole world, but yet according to your request, I will certify him, and know his pleasure, for I trust (quoth he) in the clemency of my Prince, that your news and message shall he acceptable unto him, and you well recompensed for your pains. Cortes then commanded all his men to set themselves in order of battle with pife and drum, and to skirmish before Teudilli. And that the horsemen should run, and the ordinance shot of, to the intent that Mutezuma should be advertised thereof. The Indians did much behold the gesture, apparel and beards of our men, they wdndered to see the horses run, they feared the brightness of the sword, and at the noise of the ordinance they fell flat to the ground, thinking that the heavens did fall. And the ships, they held opinion was the God of the air called Quezalcoual●, which came with the temples on his back, for they daily looked for him. Teudilli dispatched the post to Mexico, to Mutezuma, advising him of all that he had seen, and demanded gold of him for to give unto the Captain of that new people. Because Cortes had inquired of him, whether Mutezuma had gold or not, he answered (yes) mary quoth Cortes, 
The disease of the Spaniards.  I and my fellows have a certain disease of the heart, and gold helpeth us. This message went from the camp to Mexico in one day and a night, which is 210, mile, and the post carried painted the horses and horsemen upon them, the manner of their armour, and how many pieces of ordinance they had, & what number of bearded men there were: and as for the ships he had given advise as soon as they arrived, showing the greatness and quantity of them. All these things aforesaid, Teudilli caused to be painted in cloth of Cotton very lively, that Mutezuma might see it. The cause that this message went so far in so short a space, was, they had certain places that posts attended, as we may say horsepostes which gave always from hand to hand the painted cloth: they do run on foot faster in this fort, then by horsepost, and is more of antiquity than horsepost: Also Teudilli sent to Mutezuma the garments & many other things which Cortes had given him, which things were afterwards found in the treasury of Mutezuma.   

The present and answer that Mutezuma sent unto Cortes.  
AFter the message sent, and the answer promised, Teudilli took his leave, and within two flight shoot of Cortes his camp, he caused a thousand cottages of boughs to be made, & left there two principal men as Captains over two thousand persons men and women, and then departed for Cotosta his dwelling place. The two Captains had charge to provide the Christians of all things necessary, and the women served to grind their corn and make bread of Maiz, and to dress their fish and flesh and other victuals, and the men served to carry the dressed meat to the Christians camp, and wood, water, & grass for the horses and all other necessaries, and this they passed eight days. In this mean season returned the post with a rich and gentle present, which was many coverlets and clotheses of cotton, white, and of other colours wrought, many tufts of feathers very fair, and some things wrought with gold and feathers, quantity of jewels and pieces of gold and silver, two thin wheels, the one of silver which weighed. 25. marks with the sign of the Moon, and the other wheel of gold which weighed a hundredth marks, made like unto the Sun, with many leaves and beasts, a very curious piece of work: these two things they held for Gods in that country, & giveth them the colours of the metal that is likest them, every wheel was two yards & a half broad, and so proportionally in compass round about, this present was esteemed at 20900. Ducats. This present should have been given to Grijalua, if he had not so soon departed as the Indians reported. He also gave unto Cortes this answer, that Mutezumas his Lord was very glad to know, & to be friend to such a mighty Prince as the king of Spain was, and that in his time should arrive in his country such new people, & the like never seen before, & that he was ready to show them all pleasure & honour, requesting him to see what things he stood in need of for the time that he meant to abide there, as well for himself as for his ships, army and decease, and it should be provided abundantly: yea & also if he could find any thing in that country to his contentment, to present to the Emperor of Christians, he would willingly provide it. 
The excuse of Matezuma  And as touching the desire that Cortes had to come to visit & to have communication with him, he thought it unpossible, because that he was sickly and could not come unto the sea coast, and likewise for Cortes to come where he did abide, it was hard, troublesome and difficile, as well for the many and cragged mountains, as also the country, wild, desert & without habitation, and should be constrained to suffer hunger, thirst, and other necessity: and moreover the enhabitaunts of much part of the way that he should pass, were his enemies, both cruel & cursed people, and knowing them to be his friends, they should not escape with life.  
All these excuses did Mutezuma by the mouth of Teudilli declare unto Cortes, thinking to drive him from his purpose & pretended journey, alleging the foresaid difficulties and perils, the Indians did also hope that with some contrary weather they should be forced to leave that coast & country. Notwithstanding this contradiction, so much the more desire had Cortes to visit Mutezuma, who was so great a prince in that parties, & thoroughly to discover the treasure which he imagined to be there. And having received the present, & also the answer, he gave unto Teudilli a garment of his own wearing, and many other trifles of his Haberdash, to be sent unto Mutezuma, saying that if it were for no other purpose but only to see so mighty and virtuous a Prince, it should be requisite and just to travail unto his Court, how much the more, he was of duty constrained to do the Embassage which the Emperor of Christians had willed and commanded him to do, for otherwise he should incur the displeasure of the King his master, wherefore he besought Teudilli yet once again to advertise Mutezuma of his constant determination, because he should understand that he would not leave off his pretended purpose for any inconvenience that was objected unto him. Alleging moreover, that he who had comen 2000 leagues by sea, might well go 70. leagues by land, and considering that he had many at his charge with small provision, and likewise his ships in danger, he required that with all expedition the messengers should be dispatched. Teudilli desired him to recreate himself, & not to take any grief, for as much as he himself did daily advertise Mutezuma of his proceedings, even so with all expedition the full resolution should come from Mexico, although it were somewhat far off. And as for his victuals, he should take no care, for abundantly he should be provided. And also desired him for so much as he was not well placed among those sandy banks, that it might please him, to go with him to certain towns about sire or seven leagues from thence. Cortes refused that offer, whereupon Teudilli departed, and he abode there ten days looking for answer from Mutezuma.   

How Cortes knew of discord and dissension to be in the Country.  
IN this mean season certain Indians were esp●ed, that went lurking a far of among the sandy hills. And those came not near the Indians, that served the Spainarde, Cortes demanded what people they were, & for what cause they went lurking so far off, and came no nearer unto them.  
The two Captains answered, that they were husbandmen, that went about their husbandry. Certez liked not their answer, but suspected that they had told him a lie: for it seemed unto him that those people desired to come among the Christians, and that they durst not with fear the Indians of Teudilli, and so it was in very deed. For all that coast and main land within as far as Mexico, was full of the news and strange things that our men had done in Potonchan. Wherefore they all desired to see them and to talk with them, but they durst not for fear of the Indians of Culhua, who are subjects unto Mutezuma, whereupon Cortes sent five Spaniards to call them with signs and tokens of peace. This company of Indians were in number twenty, and were glad to behold those five men coming towards them, and were desirous to see such strange people and ships, wherefore they came willingly altogether unto Cortes his Tent.  
These Indians did differ much from all the other Indians yet seen, for they were higher of person, and had the grystels of their noses flit, 
The Indians attire.  hanging over their mouths, and rings of Get and Amber hanging thereat. They had also their neither lips bored, and in the holes rings of gold and turkey stones, which weighed so much, that their lips hanged down over their chins, and their teeth remained bore: The which custom although they used for a bravery, it seemed a foul and ugly sight in the spaniards eyes, and very loathsome.  
The other Indians of Mutezuma, had their lips and ears bored, with round stones hanging at the jags thereof, yet they had not such foul flits in their noses, but they had such bored holes that a man might put any singer of his hand through them, with rings of gold and stone hanging thereat, the evil favoured sight of their faces made our men to muse.  
Cortes communed with them by his interpreter Marina, to know from whence they were, they answered, that they were dwellers in Zempoallan, a City distant from thence one days journey, situated upon a river side, and bordered upon the Country of Mutezumazin, and that their Cazique or Lord had sent them, to see what Gods were comen in those Teucallis, that is to say, Temple, saying, also that they durst not come sooner, not knowing what people they were.  
Cortes made much of them and showed a cheerful countenance unto them, for they seemed very bestial, he declared unto them that he was glad of their coming, and to know the good will that their Lord bore unto him, and gave them Haberdashe toys, and showed them the Horses and Armour, a strange sight for them. And so they went through the army looking and gazing here and there as men amazed. And in all the time they abode there, they used no conversation with the other Indians. Cortes inquired of Maryna the cause thereof, and she said that those men did not only speak an other language, but also did appertain to another Lord, who was not vassal to Mutezuma, but by force and extortion.  
Cortes was very glad of that news, for he conjectured by the talk of Teudilli that Mutezuma had wars and enemies, whereupon he took aside three of those Indians which seemed most wisest, and demanded of them by Maryna what Lords there were in that Country: they answered that Mutezuma was Lord over all, although in every City and Province was a Lord, yet nevertheless all in general did pay tribute and serve him as vassals, nay rather like slaves. But yet many of them of late days did reknowledge him by force of arms, and paid unto him such tolle and tribute that they were not accustomed to pay, of which number their Lord of Zempoallan was one of them, and other his neighbours, who many times held him war to be free from his tyranny and bondage, but yet said they, it prevailed not, for his host was great and his warriors valiant.  
Cortes received great pleasure to find in that country dissension and discord among some Noble men, and at division among themselves, thinking thereby the better to bring his purpose to pass. He gave thanks unto those Indians for their advise, offering unto them his favour, help and friendship, praying them to come often to his camp, and so took his leave of them, with his commendations to their Lord, and sent him certain presents, with advertisement, that shortly he would come and see him, yea and also serve him.   

How Cortes went to survey the Country with four hundredth men.  
AT the end of ten days came Teudilli back again, and brought certain cloth of Cotton, and other things made of feathers well wrought for recompense of the thing sent unto Mexico. And warned Cortes to depart, for at that time there was no remedy to see Mutezuma, and to look what was necessary for his provision and furniture, and it should be provided, offering the same service at any time that he should happen to come that way. Cortes would not accept the offer, saying: That he would not depart from that country, until he had both seen and talked with Mutezuma. The governor Teudilli yet again replied, that he should not contend therein, and with those words departed from him. The next night following be with all those Indians as well men as women which attended to serve and provide the Spanish camp, went from thence: so that in the morning all the cottages were empty, where those servitors had been.  
Cortes suspecting this alteration provided himself with preparation for battle, & finding the matter contrary to his expectation, he deliberated to seek a sure road or harbour for his navy, & also a good plot or situation to build upon, for than he fully meant to obtain perpetuity & to conquer the land, considering that he had found such great tokens of gold, plate, & other riches, & there about within a whole league compass was no fit place for the purpose: for why? all was sandy ground, & such as tossed too & fro with the wind, with other morish ground not meet for habitation. In consideration whereof he sent Francisco de Monteio, with two vergantines, and fifty men, to run along the coast, until they should find some reasonable poart and good situation to build upon.  
Monteio proceeded on his voyage, and sailed in sight of land, until he came to Panuco, without finding any port or harbour, saving the shadow of a Rock, which stood somewhat distant from the land a sea board, so that at three weeks end he returned back again with the foresaid news. Having run so little a way, he fell into such terrible currants, that although he made way with oars and sails, yet the said Currant forced him back again. Also he brought news, that the Indians of that coast did let themselves blood, offering the same unto them upon little straws, in token of friendship or deity.  
The relation of Monteio contented not Cortes, yet notwithstanding he pretended to go to the shade or succour of the Rock, because he was informed, that near that place, was two fair Rivers, with store of woods, necessary for timber and fire wood, great quantity of stones to build with, fair pastures, and ground for tillage, although the harbour was not sufficient for his Navy and contratation, because that road was without defence, and open upon the north, which is the wind that most ruleth with greatest hurt upon that coast.  
And also considering that Teudilli and his men were departed, fearing also the want of victuals, and likewise, that his ships might perish upon the shore, he commanded to lad aboard all their stuff, and he with four hundred men, and all his Horses, followed on the high way that the Indians had gone.  
After he had journeyed three leagues, he came to a fair vadeable River, and passing over the River, he found a town not inhabited, for the inhabitants thereof were fled with fear: he entered into a great house, which seemed the place of the Lord of the Town, built with timber and earthen walls, the foundation whereof was raised with handy work, about a fathom high: the roof was covered with straw, but of a fair & strange workmanship inwards, with many great pertitions, some full of pots of honey, and Maiz, with other grain which they keep in store all the year: other rooms had cloth of Cotten wool, wrought with feathers, gold and silver.  
Cortes commanded Proclamation to be made, that none of his company should take any thing away, upon pain of death (only victuals excepted) to the intent to obtain the good will and friendship among the Indians.  
There was in that Village a Temple, which had a little Tower with a Chapel on the top, and twenty steps to come unto the Chapel, where they found some Idols, and many bloody papers, and much man's blood of those which had been sacrificed, as Marina did certify.  
They found also the block where upon they used to cut open the men sacrificed, and the razors made of Flint, wherewith they opened their breasts, and plucked out their hearts being alive, throwing them up toward Heaven as an offering, and after this done, they anointed their Idols, and the papers they offered, and then burned them.  
This sight put a great compassion, yea and a fear among our Spaniards, who did behold these things. From this Village they went to other three or four, and found none above two hundred houses, and all without people, yet well provided with victual, as the first town was, Cortes returned from thence to discharge his Ships, and to take order to send for more men: and with desire to begin habitation, in these affairs he occupied himself ten days.   

How Cortes rendered up his charge and office with policy.  
WHen Cortes was come where his Ships were, and the residue of his company, he began this talk, saying:  
Now my loving friends and fellows, ye do see what great mercy God hath showed unto us, in bringing us safe and in health to so good and rich a Country, as by manifest signs and tokens we have already seen, yea and how plentiful of meat, inhabited of people, better clothed, and of more judgement and reason, than the others which ye have seen, since your first coming: also better buildings, fields of grain and corn; yea and it is to be thought, that the things not yet seen, do surmount all that hitherunto ye have plainly seen. Wherefore we aught to give most hearty thanks unto God, and to begin our habitation here, whereas we shall enjoy the grace and mercy of God. And to bring this matter to pass, me think best that we abide here, until we may find a better port or situation. Also that we make a wall or Castle for our defence, if need shou'de happen, for the people of this land hath little joy of our coming and abiding here.  
It was then considered that from that place they might the sooner have friendship and contractation with the Indians and towns next adjoining, as Zempoallan, and others which were enemies to Mutezuma, and being in this order once placed, they might discharge their ships, and send them incontinent to Cuba, Santo Domingo, jamaica, Borriquen, and other Islands, or else to Spain for more men, armour and Horses, and for clothing and victuals.  
Moreover, it was thought just and meet, to send relation of all their proceedings to the Emperor their King and master, 
Policy.  with the demonstration of gold, silver, and other riches, which they had in their power.  
And because all these things should be done in good order, Cortes determined as Captain general, to appoint a Counsel, Aldermen, and judges.  
And also ordain all other offices that should be necessary and needful to rule and govern a City, which he then pretended to edify and erect, the which Magistrates should fully command, until such time that the Emperor should otherwise provide in matters convenient for his service.  
After this diligence put in ure, he solemnly took possession of all the land, in the name of the Emperor Charles King of Castill, with all the acts and ceremonies, as to such a matter appertained. And demanded of Francisco Fernandez notary appointed, that he should give unto him by testimony in writing, all the acts done therein. All his company answered, 
A good subject.  that they did very well allow his proceedings and praised, and also approved his determination, beseeching him to proceed accordingly, sithence they were come to serve and obey him. Then Cortes named Judges, Aldermen, Attorney, Sergeant, Notary, and Towneclearke, and all other officers appertaining to the good government of a City, in the name and behalf of the Emperor his natural Lord, and delivered incontinent to the judges white rods to bear in their hands in token of justice, and named the new City to be built, The rich Town De la vera Crux, because that one goodfriday they had entered into that land. After these things finished, Cortes began before the said Notary, another act in presence of the judges, who were Alounso Fernandez Portocarero, and Francisco de Monteio, in whose hands he made session, and did desist from all rule and offices which heretofore he had received, which was his governership, captainship and general discoverer, recetued in the Chancery of Santo Domingo, at the hands of the presidents, who were there chief of the king's counsel, and precedents, likewise be protested not to use the power and authority of the governor of Cuba, Admiral of India, for so much the now none of them had any rule or government in that Country which he and his fellows had newly discovered, and begun to inhabit in the name of the king of Castil, as his natural subjects. The which authority he likewise required to be set down in record, and to have a copy of the same.   

How the soldiers chose Cortes for Captain general, and chief ruler in justice.  
ALL the new officers took possession and charge of their offices, and entered into the town house to counsel according to the use and custom of Castill. In the which congregation or counsel then holden, many matters were had in question as touching the good government of the common weal. And among many other things, they all agreed to elect Hernando Cortes for captain general and chief justice, and to give unto him full power and authority for all matters appertaining to the wars and conquest, until such time as the Emperor should otherwise provide: with this determination the next day following all the Aldermen, judges, and Counsellors, went unto Cortes, and said unto him: Sir we have great need of a guide and captain for the wars to proceed upon the conquest of this country, wherefore until such time as the Emperor shall provide therein, they all besought him to accept that office and charge, approving him a man most fit for the same, both to rule and govern, for the great experience that they had seen of his courage, wisdom, and policy, and by Virtue of their offices, did command him to accept the same, saying, that in so doing, God and the king should be faithfully served. And they would thankfully gratify the same, knowing that at his hands they should be ruled with justice, used with humility, & be preserved with diligence and strength. And for that purpose, they had chosen him for that office, giving unto him their full & whole authority, submitting themselves under his hands, jurisdiction & defence. Cortes accepted the charge at small entreating, for he desired nothing so much.  
And being in this sort elected general, the counsel said unto him. Sir you do well understand, that until such time as we shall be better planted in this country, we have not wherewith to maintain ourselves but only with such things as are aboard our ships. Therefore it may please you to command it to be brought a shore, and that you take thereof what shall seem good unto you, for your household and family, and the residue may be taxed at a reasonable price, and so to be divided among them: & for payment they would all bind themselves, or else the presently it should be deducted out of the stock, after that the kings sift part were subtracted. Likewise they desired him to value his ships and artillery, because they would make like payment for the same, and that from thence forwards the ships should serve in common, for to pass to the islands for bread, wine, clothes, weapons, horses, and other things which should be needful for the new town and army, for thereby shey might be better cheap provided than if merchants should provide them, considering always they seek for excessive gain, saying that if it would please him to accept this offer and request, they would thankfully requited the same. Cortes answered, that at the time he made his preparation and furniture in Cuba, he meant not to sell his provision as others used to do, 
Liberality  but he would and did frankly give it unto them, although he had spent his goods and indebted himself therein. And incontinent he commanded the masters of the ships and pursers, to bring a land all their victual to the town house, requiring the Aldermen to divide it equally, to every man his part, without making any difference of him or of any other, for (quoth he) in time of need of victuals that youngest hath as much allowance as the eldest. And although I am indebted and do own more than seven M. Ducats, I give this victual all frankly unto you. And as concerning the ships, I will do the which shall be most convensent for you al. And (quoth he) I will determine nothing to be done with them, but will first give you advertisement of the same.  
All this did Cortes for to get their love and favour, because there were many that loved him not, although in very troth he was of his own nature liberal and large in experiences with all his soldiers in the wars.   

The receiving of Cortes into Zempoallan.  
FOr as much as the situation there was not convenient to place the new work, they determined to go from thence, to Aguiahuiztlan, which standeth near the shadow of the rock that Monteis had informed them of, whereupon Cortes commanded the ships to departed, for that place. And he with his four hundred men and horses would go by land, and there meet them, which may be about ten leagues journey. In this order the fleet departed, and likewise Cortes with his company toward Z●mpoallan which stood directly weastward. And after he had journeyed three leagues he came to the river which divided the Lordship of Mutezuma and Zempeallan, & could find no passage, wherefore he was forced to return to the seaside, where with much ado they passéd over, and so travailed on that side of the river, & found cottages of fishermen and other poor houses, and some sown ground, and proceeding on their journey at length they came into very fair valleys, where was great store of dear, and still they went along the river side, hoping to find some good town, and in short space, they espied near twenty persons upon the joppes of a hill, Cortes commanded four of his horsemen to fetch them unto him, willing them to make signs of peace unto them, but if they fly (quoth he) then follow them, until you overtake them, for they shall stand us in stead, as well to lead us the way as to serve us for enterpreters.  
The horsemen took on their way, and when they came to the hill top, they made signs of peace unto them, but the poor and fearful Indians fled with speed, yea being arrased and in great fear to behold such a monstruous thing as a horseman, believing assuredly, 
Simplicity.  that horse and man was one thing incorporate, but in their flight they were soon overtaken, and they yielded themselves, and so were all brought unto Cortes.  
These men had in their ears and noses bored holes, with rings of gold hanging thereat, for so was the use of Zempoallan, they informed Cortes that the City was near at band. Cortes demanded the cause of their coming thither, they answered to behold and see so strange a sight, but why fled you then (quoth he?) For fear only sir said they, of people which we knew not. Then Cortes willed them to put all fear aside, and told them that he with his small company would go unto their City to visit their Lord, and to be acquainted with him: the Indians said, that the day was far spent, and that it was late to go that night to Zempoallan, but if it pleased him they would conduct him to a village which stood on the otherside of the River and within sight, and although it were but a small village, yet there was reasonable lodging with meat sufficient for his army: their counsel seemed well, so they went to that village, and when they were comen thither, the Indians craved licence to go & to advertife their Lord how the strangers abode in that place, promising to return the next day with answer. Some of the Indians had licence to do the message, the others abode there, attending and providing for the new gests, & in this order they were all lodged and their supper abundantly provided. That night Cortes fortified himself as strong as might be, and the next morning came a hundredth men laden with Hens, saying that their Lord much rejoiced of their coming, and because he was so gross and unwieldy, he came not personally unto him, but yet notwithstanding he abode in the city expecting his coming. Cortes friendly welcomed them, and with that present, he and his company broke their fast, and then proceeded with his guives in good order with two fauconets in readiness, if need should happen: and from that passage of the river they had a fair way until they came to another river, which being likewise waded over, they descried Zempoallan, which stood a mile distant from them, all beset with fair Orchards and Gardens, very pleasant to behold: they used always to water them with sluices when they pleased.  
There proceeded out of the Town many persons, to behold and receive so strange a people unto them. They came with smiling countenance, and presented unto them divers kind of Flowers, and sundry fruits, which none of our men had heretofore seen. These people came without fear among the Ordinance, with this pomp, triumph and joy they were received into the City, which seemed a beautiful Garden: for the trees were so green and high, that scarcely the houses appeared.  
At the City gate stood many grave persons of nobility, as Magistrates of the City, who solemnly welcomed the Strangers. 
men's folly with a great lyr.  Six Horsemen, which had gone before the army to discover, returned back as Cortes was entering into the City, saying, that they had seen a great house and Court, and that the walls were garnished with silver. Cortes commanded them to proceed on, willing them not to show any token of wonder of any thing that they should see. All the streets were replenished with people, which stood gaping and wondering at the horses and strangers. And passing through a great market place, they saw on their right hand, a great walled house made of lime and stone, with loupe holes and towers, whited with plaster that shined like silver, being so well burnished and the sun glistering upon it. And that was the thing that the Spaniards thought had been walls of silver. I do believe that with the imagination and great desire which they had of gold and silver, all that shined they deemed to be the same metal.  
Within this great house was a long rew of lodgings, and on the other side six or seven Towers one higher than another. They proceeded on, dissimuling the error of the silver walls, and followed their guide until such time as they came to the lords lodging, who came forth accompanied with many ancient persons, and better attired than the other Citizens were, with two Gentlemen that led him by the arms. They saluted each other according to the use of their countries, and then entered into the palace, where certain principal men conducted Cortes and all his train to their lodging, and Captain Cortes was lodged in the house which had the glistering walls, situated in the market place, which house was sufficient for him and all his company. And when they were placed, and beheld the walls, they were ashamed of their own folly: for where they thought those walls had been adorned with silver, they fawned them clean contrary. Cortes divided his men, caused his horses to be trimmed, and planted his ordinance at his door, 
A vigilant Captain.  making himself as strong as though he had been in camp and near his enemies. And commanded, that none of his men should go out of, the house without his express licence vp● pain of death. The officers of the Lorte prepared a plenteous supper for them, and bedding according to their use.   

The talk that the Lord of Zempoallan had with Cortes.  
THe next day in the morning came the Lord, to visit Cortes with an honourable company, and presented unto him many garments wrought of Cotten wool, according to their fashion, with a knot on the shoulder like unto the Egyptian garments, and certain jewels of gold that might be worth two thousand Ducats, beseeching both him and his company to recreate themselves and take their rest, and at that present he meant not to trouble him with any matters: And so took his leave for that time as he had done the day before, willing him to demand and call for any thing that he should need. Cortes gave him hearty thanks, and so departed.  
Then came more Indians in number than were there Spaniards, with their courses & service of meat ready dressed, and many boughs of dainty fruits. In this sort they were feasted & banketed fifteen days must plenteously. The next day following, Cortes sent unto the Spaniards certain old garments of the Spanish fashion, and many other trifles, beseeching him to appoint a day of conference at his own palace: word was sent again that be was ready and very well contented. Where upon Cortes took with him fifty of his men all armed, and left the residue at his lodging in a good readiness, and appointed an under Captain to govern them. The Lord hearing of his coming, came out of his Course into the street to receive him. And hand in hand they entered together into a low hall, which they use for the extremity of heat in that country, the plot that they build upon is raised a fathom from the ground, so that they ascend upon steps, and the walls plastered with very white lime, their tile is either of straw or leaves of trees, very beautiful and strangely wrought, and a good defence against the rain. The Lord and Cortes sat them down upon three footed stools made all of one piece, the Lord commanded his servitors to stand aside, and by their interpreters they began to common of their affairs a great space, in demands and answers, because Cortes desired to be well instructed of the affairs of that country, and likewise of that mighty king of Mutezuma.  
This Cacike or Lord although he were huge and laden with flesh, yet in his demands and questions seemed very wise. The sum of all Cortes his talk was to show the cause of his coming thither, and who had sent him, even as he had done in Tabasco to Teudilli and others.  
This Cacike after he had heard Cortes attentively, he began a long communication, making his complaint and opening his grief in this sort.  
Mighty Sir, 
The Indian complaint.  my Antecessors lived a long time in great peace, liberty and quietness, but of late years my country and City was destroyed by tyranny, because the Lords of Mexico Tenuchtitlan with their men of Culhua did not only usurp my City, but also my lands by force of arms, in such sort that my power could not resist them. 
Under colour of holiness.  And in the beginning those Princes began their usurpation by way and colour of religion and holiness, and afterwards with force of arms, and with this title become Lords over us.  
And now we seeing our error, have thought it to late to prevail against them to take away our yoke of servitude and bondage, although we have attempted it. And as often as we have so done, still the victory was theirs, and the overthrow ours. Now all such as do submit themselves unto them, are taxed with certain trioutes, and reknowleging them for Lords, are defended by them, and esteemed as friends. But if after such submission made, any chance to speak against them, or rebel, than they are terribly corrected, yea murdered, and after Sacrifice made to the Gods of war, called Tezcatlipuca and Vitzilepuchtli of their carcases, then is their flesh eaten in banquet, and those who remain alive, do serve for slaves, yea and the Fathers, Mothers and Children, are compelled to labour and toil from the Sun rising to the Sun setting, with confiscation of all their goods and lands. And besides all this cruelty and vituperie, they send their officers and Sergeants to execute the premises, who without either pity or mercy many times suffereth them to starve with hunger. And being thus cruelly punished of Mutezuma, who now reigneth in Mexico, who would not suffer to be Vassal willingly to so good a Prince as you informed me of the Emperor, although it were but only to be free from such vexation and robbery which such a mighty King could do. And with these words the tears gushed out of his eyes, and pausing a while, he began to extol the strength, magnificence and situation of Mexico planted in a great lake of water: also he exalted the riches, court, Majesty and mighty power of Mutezuma, He said also how Tlaxcallan, Huexocinco and other provinces thereabout, as also the people called Totonaquez of the Mountains were of contrary opinion to the Mexicans, yea enemies unto them, who had intelligence what had happened in Tavasco, Yea sir (quoth he) if it please you, I will treat such a compact with this people that Mutezuma with all his power shall not prevail against us.  
Cortes rejoiced in heart to hear this news, and said unto him. It grieveth me to hear of the evil usage of Mutezuma toward his country and subjects. But I assure you with Gods help I will deliver you, yea and revenge all your injuries, for my coming hither is to take away all evil customs, and to help the oppressed, to favour the prisoner, and comfort the afflicted, and chief to abolish tyranny. And for the good entertainment that I have received at your hands, I do remain yours to do you any pleasure, and to defend you against your enemies, and the like will I do for your friends, wherefore I pray you advertise them thereof as many as are of our confederacy.  
Cortes then took his leave, saying that he had been many days there, and that he had great need to go visit his ships and men, who much desired his return, and abode in Aquiahuiztlan, where he meant to sojourn for a certain season, and from thence daily they might confer of their affairs. The Lord of Zempoallan said, that if it pleased him to abide with him he would gladly accept it, and if his business were such that he might not, that then he besought him to remember him.  
Then the Lord commanded eight maidens to be called, who were very well appareled after their manner, 
another gefte.  their attire was much like the Morisca fashion, (the one of them was more costly appareled than the others) and said unto Cortes, all these maidens which you here see are Gentlewomen, noble and rich, and this maiden which is best attired, is a Lady of Vassals, and my brother's daughter, I do present her unto you (meaning that Cortes should marry with her,) and the others you may bestow upon the Gentlemen in your company, in a token of perpetual love and friendship.  
Cortes received the present with thanks, because he would not offend the giver thereof. And so departed with their women riding behind them, with many Indian women to wait upon them, and many Indian men to bear them company, and to purvey all things necessary.   

Things that happened to Cortes in Chiaviztlan.  
THe same day that they departed from Zempoallan they came to Chiaviztlan, and yet the ships were not arrived. Cortes marveled at their long tarrying in so short a journey, there was a village within shot of a hargabushe from the rock called Chiaviztlan standing upon a little hill. Cortes having little to do, went thither with his men, and the Indians of Zempoallan, who certified Cortes that the village was appertaining to a Lord oppressed by Mutezuma. They came to the foot of the hill, without sight of any man of the town, except two, that Marina understood not, and going up the hill, the horsemen to favour their horses would alight, because the ascending was cragged and evil way. Cortes commanded that they should not alight, because the Indians should think that there was no place high nor low, but that these horses should and could come unto it. So by little and little they came into the town, and finding no creature there, they feared some deceit, yet approaching further, they met with twelve ancient men, which brought with them an interpreter who understood the language of Culhua and the speech of that place, which is the language of the Totonaquez, or inhabitants of the Mountains, These ancient men declared that the cause of their going out of the town, was because that they had never seen any such men as the Spaniards were, nor yet heard that any such had passed that way, wherefore with fear they had fled from thence. But (quoth they) when the Lord of Zempoallan advertised us, how you did hurt no body, but rather being a people good and peaceable, than we were well assured who ye were, when we saw you come toward us. And we are now comen unto you on the behalf of the Lord, to bring you to your lodging.  
Cortes gave them thanks, and went with them to a certain place where the Lord was abiding their coming well accompanied: he showed unto the Christians great good will, and marveled to see those strangers with their long beards.  
The Lord took a little chafyngdishe in his hand, 
A strange salutation.  and cast into it a certain gum, which savoured in sweet smell much like unto frankinscence. Ind with a sencer he smoked Cortes with this ceremony they use their salutations to their gods and nobility.  
This done they set them down, 
A stranuge hap.  and Cortes informed him of the cause of their coming into that country as he had done in all other places where he had been.  
The Casike certified Cortes even as the Lord of Zempoallan had done, but he stood in great fear lest Mutezuma should be offended for receiving and lodging him within that town, without his commandment, and being in this communication, suddenly appeared twenty men entering where they sat, with certain wands like cudgels in their hands, which did signify that they were rend gatherers & in each other hand, a fly flap of feathers, the Cacike & his company were soar afraid. Cortes demanded wherefore he so altered himself, he answered, because those twenty Indians were collectors of Mutezuma, and that he feared that they would complain of him, having found those Christians there, he feared likewise cruel punishment for the same. Cortes comforted him, saying that Mutezuma was his friend, and that he would so use the matter that he should receive no blame at all, but rather that Mutezuma should give him thanks for that which he had done: And if Mutezuma did not, or would not so accept it, that then he would defend both him and his subjects, for (quoth he) every one of my men is sufficient for a thousand Mexicans, as Mutezuma himself was well informed by the late wars at Potonchan.  
Yet for and notwithstanding all this talk, the Lord and all his folk were in great fear, and meant to arise and to lodge the receivers. Cortes would not suffer him, and because (quoth he) thou shalt see what & and my men can do, command thy servants to apprehended and take prisoners these receivers of Mexico, and I will abide here with thee, in such sort that Mutezuma with all his power shall not offend thee.  
With the courage that he received at these words, he commanded to lay hand upon the Mexicans, and because they defended themselves, they were sore beaten, and laid every one in a several prison, 
The receivers put in prison.  and bound them to a great post whereat they were tied by the throat, feet, and hands, and being in this sort imprisoned, they asked of Cortes whether they should kill them. Cortes requested that they should not be slain, but that they might remain as they were, with good watch that they might not escape: Then they were brought into a hall in the Spaniards lodging, and were placed round about a good fire, but yet bound hand and foot with guard of watchmen. Cortes also appointed certain of his men to watch the hall door, and then went to his lodging to supper, where he and his company was well provided at the Caziks' furniture.   

The messages sent by Cortes unto Mutezuma.  
THe night being far spent, and the Indians that kept the watch being asleep, 
Policy.  Cortes sent unto the spaniards that watched at the hall door where the prisoners were, and commanded them to let go two of the prisoners, as secretly as they might, and to bring them unto him. The Spaniards handled the matter so well, that they fulfilled his desire, and brought two of them to Cortes his chamber, who looked upon them as though he had not known them, and willed Aguillar and Maryna to demand who they were, and what they would have, and why they had been in prison. They answered, that they were vassals of Mutezuma, and that they had the charge to receive certain tributes, that those of that town & province paid unto their Lord. And also (quoth they) we know not for what cause we are now imprisoned and so evilly used. We rather wonder to see this new custom and madness, for in time past these men were wont to meet us and receive us with great honour & courtesy, showing all service and pleasure. Therefore we think that the cause of this alteration is through the favour of you and your company, who bear the name of immortality. We also fear lest our fellows which are in prison shall be slain, before Mutezuma have knowledge thereof. Also said they, these barbarous people dwelling in the Mountains, would be glad to rebel if they found any succour or aid, only to put their Prince to cost and charges, as heretofore they have done. Therefore they most humbly besought Cortes that he should not permit them and their fellows to be slain, nor yet to abide in the hands of their enemies wherein he should do singular pleasure to Mutesuma their lord, & otherwise if they should perish, their Lord would be very sorrowful that his old faithful and trusty servants should have such a reward for their good service.  
Cortes answered that it grieved him much, 
A wise Captain.  that Mutesuma his friend should be misused where he was, not nor yet his servants evil entreated, and that he would have as much care over them as of his own, willing them to praise the god of heaven, and to be thankful unto him that had commanded them to be set at liberty, in the grace and friendship of Mutesuma: he certified that in all haste they should be dispatched, for Mexico with certain business therefore (quoth he) get you to meat, and make you strong to take in hand that journey, trusting to your feet lest ye should be taken again to your great peril and danger, Iwis their meat was soon eaten with the great hast they had to be gone.  
Cortes brought them out of the town and gave them victual to carry with them. And charged for the liberty and courtesy showed unto them, that they should signify to Mutesuma their Lord, how that he was his assured friend, and that after he had understanding of his fame, goodness and mighty power, he much desired to sexue him yea and that he held himself happy, to find himself at such a time & season to lose those his servants, and to show therein his good will, likewise he would do all that lay in him to preserve the honour and authority of so great a Prince as he was, & also to defend his subjects and to look to his affairs as his own proper, although his highness did little esteem his friendship as appeared by Teudilli, who departed from him without bidding him farewell, and likewise absenting all the people of the sea coast: yet this notwithstanding he would not let to do him service at all times when occasion should serve, and to procure by all means possible his grace, favour, and friendship, and that he was fully persuaded, that his highness would not refuse his good will and friendship, considering that with his acquaintance, God had done much for him, to meet with a servant of the Emperors, for thereby he might know great secrets of holy things, and also receive great benefits, if then he would refuse the same, the fault should be his: but yet notwithstanding he trusted in his wisdom, that considering the thing well, he would be glad both to see him, and talk with him, and also to be friend and brother with the King of Spain, in whose most happy name, both he and his company were come thither. And as touching his servants that remained in prison, he would so use the matter, that they should escape all peril, promising also to set them at liberty to pleasure him, and that incontinente he would have done it, but only because he would not offend the Lord of the Town, who had friendly entertained him with great courtesy, for which cause he would not presume to control him in his own house, nor yet to show himself unthankful. The messengers departed with this message very glad and joyful, promising to accomplish faithfully that charge committed unto them.   

The confederacy and rebellion done by the industry of Cortes.  
WHen the Cazike found missing the two prisoners, he blamed much the guard or watch, and pretended forthwith to murder those that remained. Then came Cortes, and requested that their death should be pardoned, for so much as they were but officers obedient to their Lord and master, and according to justice they had committed no offence, nor yet deserved any correction in the fact, which was service to their King: but for so much as they shall not flee as the other two have done, deliver them unto me, and I will take them to my custody and charge.  
Upon this request the eighteen prisoners were delivered unto Cortes, who sent them aboard his ships, and there commanded them to be put in prons. The Lord and his counsellors fearing what might follow, entered into council what was best to do, considering that they certainly believed that the two prisoners which were escaped, would certify in Mexico the shame and cruel entertainment done unto them. Some replied that it was just and requisite to send unto Mutezuma his tribute, with other presents, to mitigate his anger, and to excuse them, and accuse the Christians, who were the causes of the apprehension of his officers, and to crave pardon of their error and oversight which they had committed as mad men, in dishonour of the majesty of Mexico. 
divers opinions in counsel.  Others answered again, that it were much better to cast off that yoke of bondage and slavery, and to give no longer obedience to the Mexicans, who were both cruel and wicked tyrants, and also considering that now they had on their side those half Gods, and invincible horsemen, saying likewise that they should not want many others their neighbours and borderers to help and secure them.  
In this sort they resolved themselves fully to rebel, and not to loose so good an occasion, whereupon they besought Hernando Cortes to be their defender and Captain, considering that for his sake they had begun that enterprise, and whether Mutezuma should prepare his army against them or not, yet they on their part were fully pretended to hold him war, and to desist from servitude.  
God knoweth how glad Cortes was to hear this matter, for he well weighed that it was the high way to his journeys end: yet dissimuling the cause, he answered that they should well look to the thing which they meant to take in hand, because (quoth he) I understand that Mutezuma is a mighty Prince, but if ye will valiantly proceed, I will be your Captain, and safely defend you, for I do more esteem your friendship, than the good will of Mutezuma, which I nothing care for: therefore let me know what number of men of war ye are able to make. Sir (quoth they) among all our friends we are able to make a hundred thousand men of war. I like that well quoth Cortes, wherefore incontinente send your posts, with advise unto all your friends in league against Mutezuma, and certify them of this agreement and succour of the Christians, not (quoth he) that I stand in need of your help, for I alone with my company are able to stand against those of Culhua, although they were as many more, but reason required that they should be warned of your pretence, and to be in readiness for the same, fearing lest Mutezuma might send his army upon a sudden, and find you unprovided.  
With this advise and encouragement of Cortes, & also they themselves being a people heady and of small consideration, they dispatched incontinent their messegers to all the Towns and Villages of neighbours and friends, advertising them what they had determined, exalting the strangers above the clouds.  
And by this means rebelled many Cazikes & towns, and all the whole Mountains, so that there was not left any collector or other officer of Mexico in all those borders, with open proclamation of wars against Mutezuma, and all his adherentes.  
Cortes his intent was on the other side, to stir up these Indians, to get both their goods, wills, and lands, for otherwise, he could not well bring his matter to pass: he only caused the officers of Mutezuma, to be taken prisoners, and to be loused again, he feigned a great love to Mutezuma, and stirred his subjects against him, he offered to be their defender, and left them rebelled, to the intent that they should stand in need of him.   

The foundation of the rich Town called Vera Crux.  
AT this instant the Fleet was arrived at the port, than went Cortes to visit them, and carried with him many Indians of the Rebels, both of that Town, and also of Zempoallan, who did good service to cut down timber, and to carry stones to the place appointed, for the building of the City, named the rich town of Vera Crux, according to the determination, when the officers were appointed for the same, and chosen in S. john de Vlhua, and in good order made repertition to the inhabitants of the ground, and plots to build upon.  
They appointed also a place for the high Church, a Market place, a Town house, a Jail, store houses, a key or Wharse, to lad or unlade, a butcher row, & other places necessary to the good government and policy of a Town. They also drew out a plot to build the castle or Fort on, near the road in a place convenient, and in this sort began their work, and their houses made with mudwall, for the earth there is good for that purpose. And every man being this occupied in this new work, came from Mexico two kinsmen of Mutezuma, 
Fmb●●●adors.  with other four grave learned men for Councillors, and many serving men that attended upon them, as Ambassadors from Mutezuma, they presented unto Cortes certain cloth of Cotten well woven, and feathers co●ously and finely wrought, other pieces of gold and silver wrought, and a Casket of grains of gold, as they were found in the mines not melted, which weighed altogether two thousand & ninety Castlins, & said, that Mutezuma had sent him the gold in the Casket, to cure their disease, and would gladly know how they fared, giving also unto him most hearty thanks, for losing his two household servants, and preserving the others from slaughter, besieching him to make account, that he would do the like in any affairs of his, desiring him also to procure the liberty of the other eighteen Prisoners: and because those Indians had entertained him well in their houses, he did pardon their uproar, yet notwithstanding he knew very well that they were such a kind of people, that in short space they would commit some other offences, whereby they might be chastened for all together, even as a Dog deserveth stripes. And as concerning the rest of his request, their Lord was not well at case, and also occupied in matters of war of great importance, whereby at that present, there was no remedy to visit each other, but in process of time his desire should be accomplished.  
Cortes welcomed them friendly and joyfully, and also lodged them in Cottages near unto the water side, and sent forthwith for the Lord of Chiautztlan, that had rebelled, who came at his commandment. Cortes said unto him, lo see what troth I have used with thee, for Mutezuma dareth not to sand any army, not nor yet displease any person where I am. Therefore from this day forward you and all your lineage and friends may account yourselves free and exempt from the servitude of Mexico, without rendering the tributes accustomed. He requested to set at liberty the prisoners, and to restore them to the Ambassadors of Mutezuma. This Cazike willed Cortes to do what pleased him, for said he, even as we have chosen you for our Captain, we will not exceed one jot of your commandment: where upon he returned home to his town, and the Ambassadors toward Mexico, all well pleased and content.  
Now fame flew abroad, blazing that Mutezuma feared the Christians, whereupon all the Totonaques prepared themselves for the wars, taking clean away from Mexico their tribute and obedience.  
The Ambassadors departed from Cortes with their prisoners, and many other things that were given than, of linen, woollen, skins, glass, and iron, being greatly amazed at the things which they had seen.   

How Cortes took by force of arms Tizapansinca.  
NOt long after that these things had happened, the Indians of Zempoallan sent unto Cortes, to desire him of succour against the garrison of Culhua, which Mutezuma maintained in Tizapansinca, who did greatly annoy them, in spoiling, burning, and destroying their corn in the fields, and flew their husbandmen, and took many prisoners. The Town of Tizapansinca doth confine with the Totonaquez, and with the ground of Zempoallan, and is a good strong Town, situated near the River, and hath a fort standing upon a high rock. And because this Town was strong, and planted among them who were always seditious and Rebels, Mutezuma placed there his garrison, who seeing the officers of receivers and auditors come flying thither for help, being persecuted of the Rebels, they went out to pacify the Rebellion, and for to chasten them, they burned and destroyed whatsoever they found, and also had taken many prisoners.  
Cortes hearing this news, departed toward Zempoallan, and from thence in two days journey with a great army of Indians to Tizapansinca, which stood eight leagues and more from that City.  
The garrison of Culhua came into the field, thinking to have had battle only with those of Zempoallan, but when they saw the Horsemen and the bearded men, they lost their courage, and began to fly as fast as they might possible: their succour being near, they were seen in hold: they would have entered into their Castle, but for the swiftness of the Horses which stopped their way.  
And when the Horses could not ascend up unto the fort, Cortes alighted with other four of his men, and among the press of the Townsmen got into the fort, 
The valiant courage of Cortes.  and being within, they kept the door till their company came with many friends, unto whom he delivered the fort and Town, desiring to do no hurt to the inhabitants, but to suffer them to departed freely without weapon and standard. It was a new world to those Indians, who did fulfil Cortes his commandment in all points. This done, Cortes returned again to the Sea coast, by the same way which he had come.  
This was the first victory that Cortes had among the subjects of Mutezuma, whereby all the Mountains remained free from the vexations of the Mexicans, and all our men with great fame and reputation, as well among their friends, as among their enemies, in so much that afterwards when any need did happen among the Indians, they would immediately send unto Cortes for one of his men, saying, that one man alone of the christians, was sufficient to be their Captain and security.  
This was a good beginning for the pretence of Cortes. Now when he came to Vera Crux with his company triumphantly, he found there Francisco de Salzeda, who was come with his carvel which he had bought of Alonso Cavallero, a dweller in Saint james de Cuba, and was left there to be grounded and dressed at his departure from thence. He brought with him. 70. spaniards, and nine Horses and Mares, wherewith they all marvelously rejoiced.   

The presents that Cortes sent to the Emperor for his fift.  
Cortes made great haste in building up the new town and the Castle, because the Citizens and soldiers might have succour against wind and rain, and commodity of household, and likewise to be assured of defence against enemies if need should happen, pretending likewise with all expedition, to enter within the land toward Mexico, to sisit Mutezuma, and to leave in that new work all thing in good order, he finished many things, touching as well the peace as the war.  
He commanded to be brought a land out of his ships all the armour & other furniture for the wars, with the Merchandise, victual and other provision, and to deliver it to the rulers of the new City; according to his promiss. He also signified unto all his company that it was meet and convement, to send relation to the King of all their proceedings and dealings in that country, with demonstration of Gold and Silver there found.  
And (quoth he) to deal uprightly in this case, it is necessary to divide equally our treasure to every man his portion, according to the use of the wars, the division being made, than first and principally let us deduct the King's fift part. And for the better performance thereof, I do name and appoint Alounsod A●il Treasurer for the King, and also I do elect Gonsalo Mexia Treasurer of the army.  
All the new Magistrates ratified his sayings, and allowed his discretion and wisdom, praising the election of the new officers as men most meet for such an office, and besought them to accept their charge.  
This diligence done, he commanded to bring forth into the market place all the goods and treasure which they had gotten, as well cloth of Cotten, Feathers, Gold, and Plate, which might amount unto in value the sum of. 27000. Ducats: The same he caused to be delivered unto the new elected treasurers by account, requesting the whole counsel of the City that they should make division thereof. The counsellors and commonalty replied, saying: Sir here is nothing to divide, for deducting the fift part which appertaineth to the King, all the rest shall be to make payment for the furniture which you prepared for this voyage, and you being satisfied, than the ships, munition and furniture shall serve in common for us all, beseeching him with one assent to take all the treasure, and to send unto the king's majesty his portion or fift part, even as should seem most convenient unto him.  
Cortes replied and said, 
●●●eraluie of Cortes.  that time hereafter should serve to pay him according to their gentle offer: But for this present time my loving fellows (quoth he) I will receive no more than the share or portion that appertaineth unto my office of general Captain, and all the residue shall be for the Gentlemen of my company, wherewith ye may begin to make payment of your debts, which ye aught when ye made your provision to come with me on this voyage.  
And where I have appointed certain things to sand to the King, of more value than his fift part, it might please them, for as much as they were such things as could not be well divided, and likewise the first fruit of that Conquest, freely to give him liberty to use his discretion in that only point. They all in general granted to his request, whereupon he took out of the stock, these things following.  

Inventory.  
first the two wheels of Gold and silver, which Teudilli presented unto him on the behalf of Mutezuma.  
A collar of gold of eight pieces, whereat hanged a hundredth four score and three little Emeralds, and two and thirty little red stones, like unto Rubies, of small value: there hanged at the same collar seven and twenty little bells of Gold, and certain heads of pearl.  
Another collar of four doubled twist, with a hundredth and two Rubies, and a hundredth and seventy and two Emeraides, and ten good pearls well set, and for border or fringe six and twenty bells of gold: both those collars were beautiful to behold, and had many other fine things wrought in them, more than is here declared.  
Many grains of gold of the bigness of a pease, even as they were found.  
A Casket of grains of gold of the same sort.  
A Helmet of wood champed unth gold and beset with stones, and at the bevier five and twenty bells of gold, and upon the roppe a green bird, with his eyes, beak, and feet of gold.  
A salad of planches of gold, and bells round about it, decked with stone.  
A bracelet of gold of small weight.  
A rod like unto a royal Sceptre, with two rings of gold hanging thereat, garnished with pearl.  
Four forks with three shepchookes at each, covered with feathers of sundry colours.  
Many pairs of shoes made of Dear skins, sowed with gold thread, and in the soles were set certain stones of colour white and blue which shined fair.  
Six pair of leathern shoes of divers colours, garnished with gold, silver, and pearl.  
A Targatte of wood covered with leather, beset round about with bells of Latton, and the boss in the midst was planched with gold, and there was engraved upon the same Vitsilopucthli, God of the wars, and also four heads set crosswise, which heads were of a Lion, a Tiger, an Eagle, and an Owl, very lively made with feathers.  
Many skins of beast and foul, corried and dressed in their feathers and in hair.  
Four and twenty targets of gold feathers, and set with pearl both curious and gallant to behold.  
Five Targets of feathers and silver.  
Four fishes of gold well wrought.  
Two birds called Auades, and other birds of gold.  
Certain Hatchets and a rod of latten.  
diverse looking glasses garnished with gold.  
Many miters and crowns of gold & feathers wrought of many colours beset with pearl and stone.  
Many fair feathers of sundry colours.  
Many tufts of feathers adorned with silver and gold.  
A garment like a cope of cotton, woven of sundry colours, and in the midst a black wheel made of feathers.  
Many surplices, vestments, palles, frontals and ornaments of Idols altars and temples.  
Many coverlets of cotton of diverse colours, which showed like unto unshorn velvet.  
Many shirts, jackets, headclothes and other naperie.  
Many Carpets and hangings of cotton.   
All these things were more beautiful than rich, although the wheels were very rich, the workmanship of all the rest, was more worth than the thing itself. The colours of the cloth of cotton wool was exceeding fine, and the feathers natural.  
The pounced work in gold and silver did exceed our goldsmiths, of which things we will writ in an other place. They joined with this present certain Indian books of figures which serve to their use for letters: these books are solden like unto clotheses, and written on both sides. Some of these books were made of cotton & glue, 
Strange Paper.  and others were made of leaves of a certain tree called Melt, which serve for their paper, a thing strange to behold.  
At that time the Indians of Zempoallan had many prisoners to sacrifice. Cortes demanded them to sand unto the Emperor, but the Indians desired him to pardon them, for if we so do (quoth they) we shall offend our gods, who will take away our corn and children from us, yea and also our lives in so doing.  
Yet notwithstanding, Cortes took four of them, and two women which were all young and lusty.  
But it was very strange to see those that should be sacrificed, how they were trimmed and decked with feathers, and went dancing through the City, ask alms for their sacrifice & death. It was also strange to see the offerings that were given them. They had at their ears hanging rings of gold beset with turkey stones, & likewise other rings at their lips, which showed their teeth bore, a grisly sight to see, but yet esteemed among them a thing beautiful.   

Letters from the army and magistrates of the new town directed to the Emperor.  
WHen this present and fift part was laid aside for the king, Cortes required the magistrates to name and appoint two atturnyes, to carry the Emperor's portion unto Spain. And that he for his part would give unto them his full power, and letter of attourneye, with also one of his best Ships for that voyage.  
The Counsel of the new town chose Alounso Fernandez Portocarero, and Francisco de Monteio for that journey: whereof Cortes was very glad, and gave them Antonio de Alominos for their pilot, with gold and plate sufficient for turn and return of the voyage. Cortes gave them instructions, what they should do particularly for him, in the Court of Spain as also in Civil, and the town where he was borne. He sent to his Father and Mother certain money, with news of his prosperity: he sent also with them the ordinances and acts instituted, and wrote by them a large letter to the Emperor, in the which he gave full advertisement of all things which had passed from the time of his departure from the Island of Cuba until that day, and of the discord between bym and james Valasques, and of their great travail and pains, with the great good will which they all bore unto his royal service: he certified likewise of the riches of that country, with the majesty and power of Mutezuma. He offered to bring in subjection unto his royal Crown and state of Castil, all that Empire, & to win also the great City of Mexico, and to bring that mighty king Mutezuma to his hands quick or dead.  
Beseeching the emperors majesty to have him in remembrance when offices and provisions should be sent unto that new Spain lately discovered at his great costs, and in recompense of his pains and travel.  
The Counsel and magistrates of Vera Crux wrote also two letters to the Emperor, the one was touching the success of their proceedings in his royal service. In that letter, went only the Alderman's firmes, and judges.  
The other letter was firmed by the generality and chiefest of the army, the contents whereof was in substance, 
A good protestation  that they would hold and keep that town and country won, in his royal name, or end their lives in the quarrel, if his majesty did not otherwise determine.  
They also most humbly besought him, that the government thereof, and of all that hereafter should be conquered, might be given to Hernando Cortes their guide, general captain, and chief justice by them elect and chosen, saying, that well he had deserved the same, for that he alone spent more than the whole army upon that journey. And that it might please his majesty to confirm that, which they generally of free-will had done for their own safeguard and security, in the name of his royal majesty.  
And if by chance his majesty had already given the said office of government to any other person, that it might please him to revoke it.  
For so should it be expedient for his service, and quietness of the country. And thereby might be excused, rumours, slanders, perils, and slaughters, that might ensue, if any other should govern and rule as captain general.  
And moreover they besought his majesty to grant them answer with brevity, and good dispatch of their attorneys, who departed from the port of Aguiahuistlan in a reasonable ship the twenty six day of july. Anno. 1519.  
They touched by the way at Marien a port of Cuba, declaring that they went to Havana: they passed through the channel of Bahama without disturbance, and sailed with a prosperous wind, till they arrived in Spain.  
The cause why the generalty had written these letters was, suspecting james Velasques, who had friends and great favour in the Court and counsel of India's, and also some secret friends in Cortes his camp. For Francisco Salzeda brought news that james Velasques had already obtained a grant of the Emperor for the government of that land by the means of one Bonito Martinez going into Spain. And although they knew not the certainty thereof, yet it was most true, as shall appear in another place.   

An uproanre among the soldiers against Cortes, and the punishment for the same.  
THere were some in the host the murmured against the election of Cortes, for thereby was excluded james Valasques, unto whom they bore good wil  
Some were Valasques friends, and other some his kinesfolkes, who letted not to say openly, that Cortes by flattery, subtlety and gifts had gotten and obtained his purpose.  
And that the dissimulation in making himself to be entreated and prayed to accept that charge and office, was a thing ceastily feigned, whereby such election could not be of any value, and chiefly without any such authority of the Jerome Friars dam, who ruled and governed the Indians as chief precedents: how much more they had news that james Velasques had already obtained the government of that land, and Yucatan. Then Cortes began to understand in those matters, and made information who had raised up this rumour, and being known, he apprehended the chiefest, and sent them prisoners aboard his Ship: and to molifye their wrath, he shortly released them again, the which afterwards was cause of more mischief, for these his enemies would have fled with a Vergantine and killed the master, pretending to fly unto the Island of Cuba, 
Mischief.  for to advertise james Velasques of the great present sent unto the Emperor, to the intent it should be taken from their attorners passing near the port of Havana, with all the letters and relations of their business, because the Emperor should not see it, to conceive well of their proceedings. Then Cortes began to be aggrieved in earnest, and apprehended divers of them, whose confessions being taken, the matter was manifestly known to be true, and there upon according to the process, 
Two hanged, and two whipped.  he condemned those that were most culpable, and caused forthwith two of them to be hanged, who were john Escudero, and james Cermenio pilot, and condemned Gonsalo de Vmbria and Alonso Penate to be whipped, and incontinent execution was done, all the rest being pardoned.  
With this correction Cortes was more feared, and also esteemed, than before he was, for certainly if he had used gentleness, he should never have tamed them, yea and if he had not looked to them in time, he had been spoiled: for their pretence was, to have advertised james Velasques, who would have prevented them of their Ships and present, and yet afterward he sent a Carvel after the said Ship, although it were too late.   

Cortes caused all his Ships to be sunk, and broken upon the shore, a most worthy fact.  
COrtez purposed to go unto Mexico, and would not give his Soldiers to understand it, because they should not refuse the journey, through the talk of Teudilli, especially hearing that the City of Mexico was situated upon water, which they imagined to be exceeding strong, as in effect it was: 
A famous fact.  and to the intent that they should all follow him, although against their wills, he determined to spoil all his ships, which was a strange case, perilous, and a great loss. His intent thoroughly weighed, he little esteemed the loss of his Ships to withstand his men from disturbance of his enterprise, for doubtless they would have stayed him, yea and rebelled, if they had known his mind and pretended purpose. He did secretly accord with one of the Masters of his Fleet in the night season to bore holes in them, that thereby they might sink, without any remedy to recover them again.  
Also he requested the other Masters and Pilots to publish among the army, that the ships were so rotten and worm-eaten, that they were not fit to go to sea again, and that they should, when they chanced to espy him and many of his Soldiers together, come and certify him openly of the estate and force of the said Ships, because that afterwards they should not say any fault to his charge.  
According to this instruction, the Pilots and Masters did accomplish his commandment: for shortly after they espied him among a flock of his company, and then came they unto him, saying: Sir, your navy is not to make any more voyages, by reason that they are all leak, and spoiled, rotten, and worm eaten, wherefore according to our duty, we do certify you thereof, to provide therein as you shall see cause. All the Soldiers gave credit to their tale, because the Ships had been there more than three months. And after long talk about the matter, Cortes commanded that they should profit themselves of them the best that they might, and as for the Hulles, let them sink or run a shore, feigning great sorrow for so great a loss, and want of such provision. And in this manner they let run a shore fine of the best ships, saving their Ordinance, victuals, sails, Cables, Ankers, ropes, and all other tacle: and shortly after they spoiled other four vessels, but that was done with some difficulty, because they began to surmise the intent of Cortes, and began openly to say, that Cortes meant to carry them to the slaughter house. He then pacified them with gentle words, saying, what is he that will refuse the wars in so rich a Country? if there be any of you that will leave my company, he or they may (if please them) return to Cuba in a Ship that yet remaineth. And this he spoke, to know how many were the cowards, meaning in time of need to have no trust or confidence in them. Then divers shameless persons demanded licence to return to Cuba, but they were such as loved no wars. There were also others that said nothing, who would gladly have returned, seeing the greatness of the Country, and the multitude of the people, but yet they were ashamed to show cowardice openly.  
Cortes knowing his soldiers minds, commanded the other Ship to be sunk, so that then they were all without hope to go out of that Country at that time, exalting and praising the noble mind of Cortes showed in that worthy fact. Certainly it was a deed necessary for the present time, and done by the judgement of a stout Captain, although he lost much by his ships, and abode without succour of the sea. There are few of these examples, which are not of valiant personages, as was omiez Barbaroza with the cut arm, who a few years past brake seven Galleys and foists, to win thereby Bugia, as largely I do writ thereof in battles of the sea in our days.   

How the inhabitants of Zempoallan broke down their Idols.  
EVery day seemed long to Cortes, with the desire to see Mutezuma. He now began to publish openly his journey and departure, and chose out of the body of his host a hundred and fifty men, which he thought sufficient to leave for safeguard of the new town and fort, which was almost finished, and appointed Pedro de Hircio their Captain, leaving with them two Horses, and two small pieces of Ordinance, with many Indians to serve them, and fifty Towns round about them in faithful friendship and league, out of the which Towns they might always have at their need fifty thousand men of war: and he departed with the residue of his spaniards toward Zempoallan, which might be four leagues from thence, and was scarcely come to the Town, 
News for Cortes.  when news was brought him that four Ships of Francisco Garray sailed along his coast, and were in sight of Vera Crux. With this news he returned incontinent with a hundred of his men, suspecting evil of those Ships. At his coming to Vena Crux, his Captain there informed him how he had gone himself to know what they were, and from whence they came, and what they would, but could speak with none of them. Cortes being informed how they road at anchor, took Captain Hircio and certain of his company to expect their coming ashore, suspecting them much, because they road so far off, being by signs and tokens willed to come into the Harbour. Cortes having wandered near three miles, met with three Spaniards which came from the ships, the one of them said that he was a Notary, and the other two were to serve for witnesses in their affairs, which was, to ascite and notify certain writings, which they showed not: and also to require Cortes by virtue of the same, to come and make repartition of that country with captain Garay their general, for their said Captain pretended that conquest (as first discoverer of the same,) certifying moreover that he was determined to inhabit twenty leagues distant from that place Westward near unto Nahutlan, which now is called Armeria, Cortes answered, that they should return unto their ships, and to will their Captain to come to Vera Crux with his navy, and there they would common together about his coming, and if he stood in need of any thing it should be provided. And if it were (as they reported) that he was comen on the King's affairs, he would gladly favour his proceedings, considering that he and all his were there in service of his highness, how much more being all of one nation.  
They answered, that in no wise their captain nor none of his army would come ashore, nor yet come where as Cortes was. With this answer Cortes understood the matter, and laid hold of them, and went and placed himself in ambush behind a little hill of sand, which stood right over against the ships, being near sun set, & slept there that night till day approached, and the morning far spent, hoping that Garay his Pilot or some of his company would come ashore, meaning likewise to apprehend them for to be certified what course they had made, and what hurt they had done, and finding them guilty, to send them prisoners into Spain: likewise he desired to know whether they had spoken with any vassals of Mutezuma, and seeing they came not a land his suspicion was the greater.  
Cortes commanded three of his men to change apparel with the three messengers that came from Garay, 
A wise practice.  and this done, caused them to go to the Sea side, waving with their cloaks, and calling for the ship boat. Now those of the ships thought by their apparel that they were their own men, and came with a dozen persons in the skiff with Crossbows and Handgunnes. Then Cortes his men which were clothed in other men's garments hid themselves among bushes, as who would say, they were gone into the shadow, for to flee from the great heat of the Sun, being at that time high noon, and because they should not be known.  
The Mariners of the skiff set a land two men with Hargabushes, and other two men with Crossbows, and an Indian who went strait way to the bushes, thinking to find their fellows. Then stepped forth Cortes and caught them before they could get aboard the skiff, although they meant to have defended themselves, so that one of them who was a Pilot, having his Hargabushe ready charged, & would have shot at captain Hircio, & assuredly if his match and powder had been good he had slain him: When the general aboard the ships perceived this deceit, he would abide no longer, & commanded to make sail, not tarrying for his skiff. By these seven men taken at two times Cortes was satisfied, & also certified how captain Garay had sailed along the coast seeking Florida, and arrived in a river (the King of that province was called Panuco,) where they found little gold, bartering aboard their ships: all their gold passed not three thousand Castelins, but in exchange of things of small value: nothing contented Garay on that voyage, because the quantity of gold was small and not fine.  
With this news Cortes returned to Zempoallan with his men which he brought in his company: and there concluded and fully agreed with those Indians to pull down their Idols & sepulchres of their Cassikz, which they did reverence as Gods, persuading them to worship the God of heaven. And after this doctrine their league of friendship was effectually established, and with other towns adjoining against Mutezuma. Those Indians gave unto him gagues to be always faithful of word & promiss, and offered unto him as many men fit for war & service as he would require. Cortes received the gagues which were of the principallest persons of the towns, as Mamexi, Teuch, and Tamalli, he took also a thousand Tamemes, that is to say, men that are carriers, who ordinarily taketh his burden upon his back which is half a hundred weight, and those fellows follow the camp with their bag & baggage: These men served for horses to draw the ordinance, and to carry other munition and victuals.   

How Olintlec exalted the mighty power of Mutezuma.  
COrtes departed from Zempoallan (leaving that town named Sivillia,) toward Mexico, the sixteenth day of August of the same year, with 400. Spaniards and fifteen horses, & six pieces of ordinance, and 1300. Indians with the carriers & men of Cuba. And when Cortes departed from Zempoallan he had not one vassal of Mutezuma in his camp to lead them the way toward Mexico, for all were fled, seeing the new league, or else by commandment of their Lord: and the Indians of Zempoallan knew not well the way.  
The first three days journey the army passed through the country of their friends, & were lovingly received and lodged, especially in Xalapan. The fourth day they came to Sicuchima●l, which is a strong place situated on a hill side very craggy, and the way to pass there unto is made with force of man's hand as a stair. And if the inhabitants thereof would have resisted the entrance, with great difficulty both footmen & horsemen might have entered the town, but as afterward appeared, they were commanded by Mutezuma to lodge them and also to honour them. The rulers of that town said to Cortes, that for as much as he went to visit their Prince Mutezuma, he should assure himself that they were and would be his friends. This town hath many villages and farms beneath in the plain, for Mutezuma was always provided there of. 5000. men of war.  
Cortes gave great thanks to the Lord for his curtess and good entertainment, much esteeming the good will of this Lord Mutezuma, and so departed from thence, and went to pass over a mountain very high, the passage whereof he named Nembre de dios, because it was the first that he had passed, being so asperous and high, that there is none such in all Spain, for it contained directly upright three leagues, and hath in many places grapes and trees with honey. And descending down on the other st●● of that hill, they came to a town called Theuhixuacan, which is a fort and friend to Mutezuma, where our army was received and entertained as in the other town behind.  
And from thence he traveled three days in a country inhabitable, and passed some necessity of hunger, & much more of thirst, 
Troubles.  because all the water that they found was saltish, and many of his men for want of other drank thereof, whereof they fell into sickness: and sodamely fell a marvelous Hail with great cold, which increased their grief, yea and the Indians of their company thought there to end their lives, & some of the Indians of Cuba died there through nakedness, not being accustomed to so cold a country. After the fourth journey of evil way they ascended up an other hill, and upon the top thereof, (to their judgement) they found a thousand cart load of wood ready cut, near to a little tower of idols: they named that place the port of wood: & having passed two leagues from the port of wood, they found the country barren and poor, but soon after the army came to a place which they named white Castle, because the lords house was of stone very white and new, and the best that they had seen in all that country, and so curiously wrought, that they marveled thereat: that town in their language is called Zaclotan, and the valley near unto it is named Zacatami, and the lords name is Olintlec, who received Cortes honourably, and provided for him and his company abundantly, being so commanded by Mutezuma, as he reported afterward.  
And in token that he had received that commission from his Lord, 
A strange joy.  he commanded fifty men to be sacrificed for joy, whose blood they saw new and fresh. The towns men of that town carried the spaniards on their shoulders, on such bears as we carry dead men to Church. Cortes informed them (by his enterpreters) of the cause of his coming into that country, as he had used in other places, & demanded whether he the Lord of this town were tributary to Mutezuma. This Cazike being amazed at his question, answered, saying: What is he that is not either slave or vassal to the great Mutezuma, Then Cortes certified him, who and what the Emperor king of Spain was, willing him to be his friend and servitor, & further inquired if he had any gold to send him some. This Cazike answered, that he would do nothing without the commandment of his Lord, nor yet send his king any gold although he had enough. Cortes dissimuled the matter, and held his peace, yet by and by he desired to know the Majesty and mighty power of Mutezuma: the Cazike answered, that Mutezuma was Lord of the whole world, and that he had thirty Vassals who were able to make a. 100000. men of war: each one of them he also certified that he sacrificed. 20000. men yearly to his Gods: And also his dwelling was in the most beautyfullest and strongest city of all that ever was inhabited, likewise (quoth he) his house and court is most great, noble, and replenished with Gentlemen, his riches incredible, and his charges excessive. And truly therein he said the very troth, except in the sacrifice wherein he something enlarged, although the slaughter of men for sacrifice in every temple was very great, yea and some hold opinion, that some years were sacrificed above. 50000. men. Being in this conversation, came two Gentlemen of that valley to see the spaniards, and each of them presented unto Cortes four women slaves, & certain collars of gold of small price. Olintlec although he was vassal to Mutezuma, was a great Lord, and had. 20000. vassals, and thirty wives altogether in his house, beside a bundreth other women that attended upon them. And had for his guard and household, 2000 persons, his town was great, & had. 13. temples in it, & each temple many idols of stone of divers fashions, before whom they sacrificed men, doves, quails, & other things with perfumes & great veneration. In this place and territory, Mutezuma had. 5000. soldiers in garrison, and ordinary posts from thence to Mexico. Until this tune, Cortes had not so amply understood the might and power of Mutezuma, yea and though many inconuemences, difficulties, fear, and such like, did represent itself unto him in his ●ourney to Mexico, which perhaps would have amazed some valiant persons, yet he showed not one jot of cowaroise, hau●ng heard such a report of that mighty Prince, but rather his desire was so much the more to see him.  
Considering now that he should pass through Taxcallan to go to Mexico, Taxcallan being a great & sirong City, and warlike people: he dispatched four Zeampoalianezes to the Lords and Captains of that City, on the behalf of Zempoallan and his own, offering unto them his friendship and favour, giving them to understand, that those few Christians would come unto their City to serve them, desiring them to accept the same, thinking assuredly that those of Taxcallan would have done with him as the Zempoallanezes had done, which were both good and faithful, who had always used troth with him, cven so he thought that now he mought credit them, for they had informed him, that the Tlaxcaltecas were their friends, and so would be his, considering that they were utter enemies to Mutezuma, and willingly would go with him to the siege of Mexico, with desire of liberty, and to revenge old injuries and griefs, which they had sustained many years before of the people of Culhua. Cortes refreshed himself in Zaclotan five days, where is a fresh river and quiet folk, pulling down the Idols, and placed a remembrance of Christ crucified, as he had done in all the Towns that he had passed.  
He took his leave of Olintlec, leaving him well pleased, & went to a town two leagues from thence along the river side, whereof was Lord Iztaemixtlitan, one of the Gentlemen who had given him the slaves and collars of gold.  
This town standeth in a plain ground of two leagues compass, which is replenished with so many houses as doth seem to touch one another, in that way that our army passed: and the town itself doth contain five thousand households, standing on a hill, and on the one side thereof is the lords house with a strong fort, being the best yet seen in those parties, walled with good stone with barbucan and deep ditch. There Cortes rested himself three days, abiding the four messengers which he sent from Zacloton, to know the answer that should be brought.   

The first encounter that Cortes had with the men of Tlaxcallan.  
COrtes seeing the long tarrying of the messengers, he departed from Zaclotan without any intelligence from Tlaxcallan. Our camp had not marched much after their departure from that place, but they came to a great circuit of stone made without lime or mortar, 
A strange wall.  being of a sadom and a half high, and twenty foot broad, with loupe holes to shoot at: that wall crossed over all the valley from one mountain to another, and but one only entrance or gate, in the which the one wall doubled against the other, and the way there was forty paces broad, in such sort, that it was an evil and perilous passage, if any had been there to defend it. Cortes demanded the cause of that circuit, and who had built it, Iztacmixtlitan that went to bear him company, told him that it was but a division from their country and Tlaxcallan, and that their antecessors had made the same to disturb the entrance of the Tlaxcaltecas in time of war, who came to rob and murder them, because of the friendship betwixt them and Mutezuma, whose vassals they were.  
That strange and costly wall, seemed a thing of great majesty to our spaniards, and more superfluous than profitable, yet they suspected that the Tlaxcaltecas were valiant warriors, who had such defence made against them. And as Cortes and his army stood beholding this work, Iztaemixtlitan thought he had been afraid to proceed forward, and prayed him (for so much as he was his lords friend) not to pass that way, nor yet through the Country of Tlaxcallan, for so much as he went to visit his master, for (quoth he) if they know you to be my lords friend, they will seek your displeasure, as they have done to others, and I will provide you guides to lead you continually through the domini●●f Mutezuma, where you shall be well received and provided, until you come to Mexico.  
But Mamexi and the others of Zempoallan willed him to refuse that offer and counsel in any wise, alleatging that it was an only pretence to separate them from the friendship of that province, whose people were good, honourable, and valiant, and that Iztaemixtlitans persuasion was to prohibit their help and succour against Mutezuma, willing him earnestly to give no credit unto his sayings, for he and his allies are false Traitors, and meant to bring him into some snare, where they might kill both him and his company, and feed upon their flesh.  
Cortes for a space was amazed at the talk of the one and the other, but in conclusion he accepted the council of Mamexi, for that he had conceived a better opinion of the Zeampoallanezes' his allied friends, than of the others. And setting all fear aside, he took the way to Tlaxcallon, bidding Iztaemixtlitan farewell, and with three hundred Soldiers on a rank, he entered the way in the wall, and proceeded in good order all the way forwards, carrying the Ordinance ready charged, and he himself the leader of all his army, yea and sometimes he would be half a league before them, to discover and make the way plain.  
And having gone the space of three leagues from that circuit, be commanded his footmen to make haste, because it was somewhat late, and he with his Horsemen went to descry the way forwards, who ascending up a hill, two of the foremost horsemen met with fifteen Indians armed with sword and Targets and tufts of feathers, which they use to wear in the wars. These fifteen were spies, and when they saw the Horsemen, they began to fly with fear, or else to give advise.  
Then approached Cortes with other three horsemen, calling to them to stay, but by no means they would abide: then sire Horsemen ran after them, and overtook them, who joined all together, with determinatio rather to die than to yield, showing them signs to stand still; yet the Horsemen coming to lay hands on them, they prepared themselves to battle, and fought, descending themselves for a while. In this fight the Indians slew two of their Horses, and as the spaniards do witness, at two blows they cut off a Horse head, bridle and all. Then came the rest of the horsemen, and the army approached, for there were in sight near five thousand Indians in good order, to succour their fifteen fighting men, but they came too late for that purpose, for they were all slain with the anger that was taken for the killing of the two Horses, and would not tender themselves in time: yet notwithstanding their fellows fought, until they espied our army coming, and the Ordinance, than they returned, leaving the field to our men, but our horsemen followed them, and slew about 70, persons of them, without receiving any hurt.  
This done, 
A subtle message.  the Indians sent unto Cortes two of the four messengers which had been sent thither before with other Indians, saying, that the Tlaxcaliecas knew nothing of the things that were happened, certifying likewise that those with whom he had fought were of other comunities, and not of their jurisdiction, being sorrowful for that which had passed: and for so much as it happened in their Country, they would willingly pay for the two Horses which were slain, praying them to come in good time to their Town, who would gladly receive them, and enter into their league of friendship, because they seemed to be valiant men: but all was a feigned and a false message:  
Yet Cortes believed them, and gave them thanke● for their courtesy and good will, and that according to their request he would go unto their Town, and accept their friendship. And touching the death of his Horses, he required nothing, for within short space he expected many more: but yet God knoweth how sorrowful he was for the want of them, and not only so much for them, as that the Indians should think that Horses could die, or be slain.  
Cortes proceeded forwards about two leagues where the Horses were killed, although it was almost Sunnesette, and his men wearied, having traveled far that day.  
His will was, to have pitched his Camp in a strong place of water: wherefore he planted his army by a River side, whereas they remained all that night with good watch both of footmen and horsemen, fearing some assault: but there was no attempt given that night, whereby they might have taken better rest, than they were ware of.   

How there joined a hundred and fifty thousand men against Cortes.  
THe next morning at Sun rising, Cortes departed with his army in good order, and in the midst of them went the fardage and artillery, and as soon as they were come to a little Village there near at hand, they met with the other two messengers of Zempoallan, who departed from them at Zaclotan: they came with pitiful cheer, exclaiming of the Captains of the power of Tlaxcallan, who had bound them, and detained them from returning; but with good fortune, that night they had broken lose, and escaped, for otherwise in the morning following, they had been sacrificed to the God of Victory, and after the sacrifice, to be eaten, for a good beginning of their wars, protesting the like to be done with the berd men, and with as many as came with them.  
They had no sooner told their tale, when there appeared behind a little hill about a thousand Indians, very well appointed after their fashion, and came with such a marvelous noise and cry, as though their voices should have pierced the Heavens, hurling at our men stones, darts, and shot with bows and arrows.  
Cortes made many tokens of peace unto them, 
First ●actayl●.  and by his interpreters desired them to leave the battle. But so much the more as he entreated for peace, the more hastio and earnest were they, thinking either to have overcomen them, or else to hold them play, to the intent that the spaniards should have followed them to a certain ambush that was prepared for them, of more then. 80000. 
80000 〈◊〉.  men, which they had planted in a creek of a river which abutted upon the high way. Then our men began to cease from words, and to lay hand upon their weapons, for that company of a thousand were as many, as on our side were fight men, they were well practised in the wars, very valiant, and also pitched in a better place for fight. This battle endured certain hours, and at the end the Indians being either wearied, or else meaning to take our men in the snare appointed, began to fly toward their main battle, not as overcome, but to join with their own folk. And our men being hot in the fight and slaughter which was not little, followed them with all their fardage, 
second battle.  and unwares fell into the ambush among an infinite number of Indians armed, they stayed not because they would not put themselves out of order, and passed through their camp with great haste & fear. The enemies began to set upon the horsemen, thinking to have taken their lances from them, their courage was so stout: many of the Spaniards had there perished, had it not been for the Indian friends. Likewise the courage of Cortes did much animate them, for although he led his army making way, yet divers times he turned him back to place his men in order and to comfort chem, and at length came out of that dangerous way into the plain field, where the horses might help, and the ordinance stand in steed, which two things did greatly annoy the enemy to their great wonder and marvel, and at the sight thereof began to fly.  
In both encounters remained many Indians slain and wounded, and of the Spaniards some were hurt, but none killed, giving most hearty thanks unto God for their delivery from so great a multitude of Indians their enemies with much joy and pleasure of the victory. Then they went to pitch their camp in a village called Teoacaziaco, where was a little Tower and a Temple, and there fortified themselves, and built cottages of bows and straw. The Indians of Zeampoallan, and those of Iztacmixtlitan did play the valiant men that day, wherefore Cortes honoured them with hearty thanks.  
This day was the first of September. The night following our men slept not quietly with fear of invasion of their enemies, 
The care of good soldiers.  but they came not, for they never use to fight in the night season. And as soon as it was day Cortes sent to the Captains of Tlaxcallan, to require them of peace and friendship, willing them quietly to suffer the passage through their country to Mexico, for that they meant them no hurt but rather good william. This done, he left two hundredth spaniards and the Carreirs in the camp. And took with him other two hundredth, with seven hundredth Indians, and went with them abroad to skirmish in the face of their enemies, and at that time burned five or six villages, and returned with four hundredth prisoners, without receiving any hurt, although they followed him to his camp. At his return he found the answer of the captains his enemies, which was, that the next day they would come and talk with him and declare their minds.  
Cortes was well prevented that night, for the answer liked him not, but rather seemed brave, and a matter determined to be done as they had said: likewise those which were taken prisoners, certified that his enemies were joined together to the number of a. 150000. 
15000 ●i men.  men to give him battle the next day following, & to swallow them alive whom so mortally they did hate, thinking them so be friends to Mutezuma, unto whom they wished all evil & mischief.  
It was most true that the Tlaxcaltecas had gathered all their whole power to apprehend the bearded men, and to make of them a more solemn sacrifice unto their Gods, than at any time heretofore they had done, with a general banquet of their flesh, which they called Celestial. The Captains of Tlaxcallan divided their soldiers into four battles, the one to Tepeticpac, another to Ocotelulco, the third to Tizatlan, and the fourth to Quiahuiztlan, that is to say, the men of the Mountains, the men of the Lymepittes, the men of the Pinetrées, and the water men, every of these had their Lords and Captains whom they should repair unto and obey, and all these four sorts of men doth make the body of the common weal and city, and also command both in time of war and peace. So that every of these Captains had his just portion or number of warriors, but the general of all the whole army was called Xicotencatl, who was of the Limepits: and he had the standard of the city, which is a Crane of gold with his wings spread, adorned with Emeralds & siluerworke, which standard is according to their use, either carried before the whole host or else behind them all. The second Captain or Lieutenant was Maxixcazin, & the number of the whole army was. 150000. men. Such a great number they had ready against. 400. Spaniards & yet at length overcome: nevertheless after all this broil, they were most greatest friends. These four captains came with their chpany that the fields where they were seemed a forest. They were trim fellows & well armed according to their use, although they were painted so that their faces showed like devils with great tufts of feathers and triumphed gallantly. 
Indian are 〈◊〉.  They had also slinges, staves, spears, sword, bows and arrows, skulls, splintes, gantlettes all of wood, guilt or else covered with feathers or leather, their corselets were made of cotton wool, their targets and bucklers gallant and strong, made of wood covered with leather, and trimmed with laton and feathers, their sword were staves with an edge of flint stone cunningly joined into the staff, which would cut very well and make a sore wound.  
The host (as is declared) was divided into four parts, their instruments of war were hunter's bornes, and drums called attabals made like a cauldron and covered with velum. So that the spaniards in all the discovery of India did never see a better army together nor better ordered.   

The threatening of the Indian camp against the spaniards.  
THese Indians were great bragger's, and said among themselves, what mad people are these that threateneth us and yet knoweth us not: But if they will be so bold to invade our country without our licence, let us not set upon them so soon, it is meet they have a little rest, for we have time enough to take & bind them, let us also send them meat for they are comen with empty stomachs: And again they shall not say that we do apprehend them with weariness and hunger. 
Apresent.  Whereupon they sent unto the Christians three hundredth Gynnea cocks, and two hundredth baskets of bread called Centli. The which present was a great sucker for the need that they stood in. And seen after (quoth they) now let us go and set upon them, for by this time they have eaten their meat, and now we will eat them, and so shall they pay us the victuals that we sent: likewise we will know if Mutezuma commanded them to come into our country, or who else. And if he sent them, then let him come and deliver them: and if it be their own enterprise, they shall receive their reward accordingly. These and such like brags they used, seeing so few Spaniards before them, 
A reekning made before the host.  and not knowing their strength. Then the four Captains sent two thousand of their valiantest men of war and old Soldiers, to take the spaniards quietly, with commandment that if they did resist, either to bind, them or else to kill them, meaning not to set their whole army upon them, saying that they should get but small honour for so great a multitude, to fight against so few. The two thousand Soldiers passed the trench that was betwirt the two camps, and came boldly to the Tower where the Christians were. 
Battle.  Then came forth the Horsemen, and after them the footmen, and at the first encounter they made the Indians feel how the iron sword would cut: and at the second, they showed of what force those few in number were, of whom a little before they had so jested: But at the third brunt they made those lusty Soldiers fly, who were come to apprehend them, for none of them escaped, but only such as knew the passage of the trenches or ditch.  
Then the main battle and whole army set forth with a terrible and marvelous noise, and came so fierce upon our men, till they entered into our camp without any resistance, and there were at handy strokes and wrestling with the spaniards, and in a good space could not get them out, killing many of them which were so bold to enter: and in this sort they sought four hours, before they could make way among their enemies. And then the Indians began to faint, seeing so many dead on their side, and the great wounds they had, and that they could kill none of the Christians: yet the battle ceased not till it drew near night and then they retired. Whereof Cortes and his Soldiers were exceeding glad, for they were fully wearied with killing of Indians, so that all that night our men triumphed with more joy than fear, considering that the Indians fought not by night, they slept and took their rest at pleasure, which they had not done till that time, but always kept both watch and ward.  
The Indians finding many of their host missing, yet they would not yield themselves as overcome, as after did appear. They could not well tell how many were slain, nor yet our men had leisure to count them.  
The next day in the morning Cortes went forth to run the fields as he had done before, 
Cortes was a painful man.  leaving half his men to keep the camp, and because he should not be espied he departed before day, & burned about ten towns, and sacked one town, which was of three thousand houses, in the which were found but few folk of fight, because the most of them were gone to their camp: After the spoil, he set fire on the town and came his way to his camp with a great pray by noon time. The enemies pursued thinking to take away their prey, and followed them into the camp, where they fought five hours and could not kill one Spaniarde, although many of their side were slain: for even as they were many and stood on a throng together, the ordinance made a wonderful spoil among them, so that they left off fight, and the victory remained for our men. The Indians thought that the spaniards were enchanted because their arrows could not hurt them.  
The next day following, the four Captains sent three several things in present to Cortes, and the messengers that brought them said: Sir behold here five slaves, 
A strange present.  and if thou be that rigorous God that eatest man's flesh and blood, eat these which we bring unto thee, and we will bring thee more. And if thou be the gentle and mée●e God, behold here Franckinsense and Feathers. And if thou be a mortal man, take here foul, bread, & Cherries.  
Cortes answered, that both he and his were mortal men even as they were. And because that always he had used to tell them troth, wherefore did they use to tell him lies, and likewise to flatter him, for he desired to be their friend, advising them not to be mad and stubborn in their opinion, for if they so did, assuredly they should receive great hurt and damage. Likewise (quoth he) it is apparent unto you how many of your side are slain without the loss of one of mine, and with this answer sent them away. Notwithstanding the answer sent, there came about. 30000. of them even to Cortes his camp to prove their corselets, as they had done the day before, but they returned with broken pates. Here is to be noted, that although the first day the whole host of Indians came to combat with our men, & finally all they came to fight, yet the next day they did not so, but every several captain by himself, for to divide the better the travail & pains equally among them: & because that one should not disturb another through the multitude, considering that they should fight but with a few, & in a narrow place, & for this consideration, their battles were more fresher & stronger, for each captain did contend who should do most valiantly, for to get honour, & especially in killing one Spaniarde, for they thought that all their hurts should be satisfied with the death of one Spaniarde, or taking one prisoner.  
Likewise is to be considered, the strangeness of their battle, for not withstanding their controversy all those fifteen days that they were there, whether they fought or no. 
Indian policy.  The Indians sent unto the spaniards cakes of bread; Gynnea cocks and Cherries. But this policy was not to give them that meat for good will, but only to espy and see what hurt was done amongst them, and also to see what fear or stomach they had to proceed: but the spaniards fell not into that reckoning, for the espies of Tlaxcallan said, that none had fought with them but certain outlaws and knaves called Ot●mies, who lived as vagabonds without a Lord or other ruler: And that they were thieves, who had their abiding behind a hill, which they pointed unto with their hand.   

How Cortes cut off the hands of fifty Indian espies.  
THe next day after these presents were sent unto them as Gods, which was the sixth of September, there came to the Camp fifty Indians of Tlaxcallan, which seemed after their sort honest men, and gave unto Cortes bread, cherries, & Gynnea cocks, as they ordinarily used to do, inquiring how all his Spaniards did and what they meant to do, and whether they stood in necessity of any thing. And after this communication they went up and down the camp, gazing and beholding the horses, armour and artillery, and seemed amazed to see such things. But the effect of their coming was the office of espies.  
Teuche of Zempoallan marking these things, who being of a child brought up in wars, by reason whereof he was expert and wise, came unto Cortes, saying, sir it seemeth not well, that these Tlaxcaltecas wander up & down your camp beholding the entrance and going out of the same, 
The good advise of a friend.  to behold likewise the fortitude and weakness of your power, I like it not: It may please you to make inquiry whether they be espies or no. Cortes having heard his tale, gave him hearty thanks for his good advice, yea and marveled, that neither he himself, nor none of his spaniards had noted the thing, the Indians having so many days come unto them after this sort, yea and that only Indian of Zempoallan had considered it.  
Now the original cause was not because Teuch was more wise than the Christians, but by reason that he had seen and heard those Indians common with the subjects of Iztacmixilitan to feel their minds, and with craft and subtlety to obtain their desire: whereby Cortes understood that those fellows came not to any good purpose: he apprehended that Indian which stood next unto him, and having him alone from his fellows, by his interpreters examined him effectually, 
Confession.  who incontinent confessed that he was a spy, and that his coming thither was to view the way how to enter their Camp for to spoil and burn their Tents: and for so much as they had proved fortune all the hours of the day, and all happened contrary to their desire, against their ancient fame and glory which they had obtained by noble exploits in wars, they now meant to prove their success by night, hoping of better fortune: and also because their soldiers should not fear the Horses, with the darkness of the night, nor the blows or stripes of the bright sword, nor yet the fire and terrible noise of the Ordinance: and that Captain Xicoteucatl was already appointed for that enterprise, with provision of many thousand soldiers which lay in ambush in a vale behind certain hills, right over against their Campe.  
After this confession taken, Cortes full prudently commanded to take also the several confessions of other four or five, who likewise confessed that they were all espies, upon whose confessions they were all fifty taken prisoners, 
A good correction.  and judgement given, that their one hand should be cut off, which was forthwith executed, and then were returned to their Camp, signifying unto them that the like justice should be executed upon as many espies as they might take. And also they were charged to show unto their General who had sent them, that both day and night he would be ready for them.  
When the Tlaxcaltecas saw their espies come in this pickle, they were in a marvelous fear, and it seemed a new world unto them: they also believed that our men had some familiar spirits that did instruct them of their thoughts, and with fear of cutting off hands, there went no more espies with victuals.   

An embassage that Mutezuma sent to Hernando Cortes.  
WHen those espies were gone, our men espied out of our Camp a great multitude of men go crossing over a hill, and it seemed that they were those that the Captain Xicotencatl had in ambush: and although it was near night, Cortes determined to follow them, 
A careful Captain.  and not to abide their coming, fearing that at the first brunt they might set fire among his cottages, as was pretended among them, which pretence having taken effect, might have been the destruction of all his men, either by the fire or otherwise: wherefore he put all his men in good order, and commanded the horsemen to deck the breast plates of his Horses with bells, and then proceeded towards their enemies, who durst not abide their coming, having intelligence of the cutting of their espies hands, and likewise hearing the new noise of bells: yet our men fóllowed them till two hours within night, through many sown fields of Centli, and sléw many of them, and then returned with victory to the Campe.  
At that season were come six noble men from Mexico, 
Ambassage from Mutezuma.  who brought two hundred serving men to wait upon them. They brought unto Cortes a present, which was a hundred garments of cotton, and some of feathers, and a thousand pieces of gold.  
These ambassadors on the behalf of Mutezuma, declared, that their Lord would be friend with the Emperor, and also with him, and his company, requesting to know what tribute he would yearly demand, in gold, plate, pearls, slaves, or garments, or of any other thing that was within his kingdom, and the same tribute he would well and truly pay without delay, with such condition, that neither he nor his company should come unto Mexico. And this request (quoth they) is not only because you should be disturbed to come into his country, but chief because the way is evil, barren, 
Excuses.  and full of evil rocks, which let doth grieve Mutezuma, that such valiant men as ye be should suffer in his Country, lying not in his power to remedy it.  
Cortes did thankfully receive the present and gentle offer for the Emperor King of Castille, but (quoth he) my earnest desire is, that you departed not till ye see the end of these wars which I have now in hand, because ye shall carry news thereof to Mexico, what I pretend to do against these mortal enemies of Mutezuma.  
Then Cortes fell into an ague, for which cause he went not out to skirmish as he was wont to do, but only provided to make his Camp strong against certain flocks of Indians, which came daily to skirmish, for that was as ordinary, as the meat that was wont to be brought to them: but yet these skirmishes nor fury of the Indians were not like to their fierce beginning.  
Cortes now meaneth to take a purgation for his ague: took certain pills which he brought with him from Cuba, at such hour of the night as is used for purgations.  
It happened that the next day following, before his purge had wrought, came three great companies of Indians to besiege his Camp. It should seem that those Indians had some intelligence of his sickness, or else thinking with fear that he durst not come abroad as he was wont to do.  
Cortes being advertised of this news, without any more respect to his purgation taken, 
A valiant Captain.  took his horse, and with his men came to the encounter, and fought with his enemies all day till it was night, and drove them a good way off, to their great hurt, and then returned to his Camp, and the next day following, he purged as fresh, as though it had been newly taken. I do not rehearse this for a miracle, but to declare what he passed: for Hernando Cortes was a great sufferer of travel and pains, and one of the first that always was at any assay or brunt of enemies, and he was not only a good man of his hands, but also grave in counsel. And having thus purged himself, and taken rest those days, he watched every night that fell to his lot, as well as any other soldier, and so continually he used to do. He was not for this the less esteemed, but rather much the more beloved among his men.   

How Cortes wan a great City called Zimpanzinco.  
IN an evening Cortes went up to the top of his Tower, and looking round about him, he espied about four leagues distant in the Mountains among rocks and proceeding out of a wood divers smokes, whereby he imagined people to be there: he opened not his mind to any man, but commanded two hundred of his men to follow him, and some Indians his friends, and within three or four hours of the night he took his journey toward the Mountains, being very dark. 
An evil Spirit appeared.  He had not fully gone a league, when suddenly appeared the likeness of a great Bull which overthrew them that they could not stir. The first Horseman being fallen, they advised Cortes thereof, who answered, that he should return with his Horse to the Camp: and incontinente fell another, Cortes commanded him the like: and when three or four were fallen, his company retired, saying, it was an evil token, desiring him to return and abide the morning, that they might see whether they went. He answered, saying, ye ought to give no credit to witchcrafts or fantasies, for God, 
A courageous Captain.  whose cause we take in hand, is above all nature: wherefore I will not leave my pretended journey, for I do imagine that of this nights travel shall come great ease and pleasure, saying, that the Devil hath in this form of a Bull appeared, to disturb us. He had no sooner ended his talk, when his Horse fell likewise: then counsel was taken what was best to be done.  
It was determined that the Horses which were fallen, should be returned to the Camp, and that of the residue, each Horseman should lead his Horse by the bridle, and so proceed on their way, and shortly after the Horses were well again, but they never knew of what motion they had fallen: with the darkness of the night they lost their way to the Mountains, and chanced into a cragged rocky way, that they thought never to have come out thereof.  
And after a while that they had gone this evil way, with their hear standing with very fear, they espied a little light, and took the way thither, where they found a little house, wherein were two Women, and those Women, with other two women that afterwards they met, conducted them to the Wilderness, where they had espied the smoke, and before day they set upon certain Villages, and slew many, yet they burned not those Villages, because they should not be perceived through the light thereof. They received there advise, that near at hand were great populations, and soon after he came to Zimpanzinco, a town of twenty thousand houses, as after did appear by the visitation of Cortes. These inhabitants being unadvised of this sudden hap, were taken in their beds, and came out all naked through the streets to know what the great mourning and lamentation meant: at the first entrance many were slain, 
A famous Cortes.  but because they made no resistance, Cortes commanded to cease from killing, nor yet to take any of their goods, or women.  
The fear of these poor inhabitants was so great, that they fled without respect of the father to the child, or husband to the Wife; or yet either of house or goods.  
Cortes commanded signs of peace to be made unto them, and with that they stayed, and before the Sun rising, the Town was pacified.  
Cortes went up into a Tower to descry the Country, and there espied a most great population: he than demanded what it was: answer was made that it was called Tlaxcallan, and the Towns thereunto appertaining. Then he called his spaniards, and said unto them: behold, what would it have prevailed us to kill these poor souls, having yonder so many enemies? and without doing any more hurt in that Town, he went to a fair Fountain there at hand, and thither came the Rulers of that Town, and other four hundred men without weapon, and brought with them much victual, most humbly they besought Cortes to do them no more hurt, giving him likewise great thanks, that he had so favourably used them, offering both to serve and obey him, and from that day forward they would not only keep his friendship, but also travel with the Lords of Tlaxcallan and others, that they should do the same. Cortes replied, that sure he was, how they had fought against him before that time, although that now they brought him meat, yet notwithstanding he pardoned them, and also received them into his service and friendship, to the use of the Emperor.  
With this communication he departed from them, and returned to the Camp very joyful with so good success, having such a dangerous beginning, with the sudden fall of their Horses, wherein the Proverb is fulfilled, which sayeth, Speak not evil of the day, till it be at an end.  
They had also a great hope, that those new friends would be a mean, to 'cause the Tlaxcaltecas to leave from War, and to become their friends.  
From that day forward he commanded that none of his Camp should do any hurt to any Indian, and certified his men that the same day his wars were at an end with that province.   

The desire that some of the spaniards had to leave the wars.  
WHen Cortes was returned so joyful to his Camp, he found some of his men discouraged with the sudden mishap of the Horses, fearing that likewise some misfortune had happened to Cortes, but when they saw him come well and with victory, their joy was great, although true it is that many of his men were not well pleased, but desired much to leave the wars, and to return to the coast, as they had often requested, but now chief seeing such a great Country, and full of people, who would not permit their abiding there, and they being so few in number in the midst among them without hope of succour, certainly things to be feared. With this murmuration they thought it good to talk with Cortes, 
Murmuration.  & also to require him to proceed no further, but return back again to Vera Crux, from whence by little and little they might have intelligence with the Indians, and thereupon proceed according to time, and that he might provide more Horses and men, which was the chiefest provision of the war.  
And although some secretly informed Cortes of thy● matter, yet he gave no ear to their talk, but an a night as he came out of his Tower to overlook the watch, he heard a loud talk out of one of the Cottages, and began to harken what their communication was: and the matter was, that certain soldiers said these words: If our Captain be mad, and go where he may be slain, let him go alone, what need we to follow him. Cortes hearing this talk, called two of his friends for witness, willing them to hearken his soldiers talk, for he that durst speak such words would be ready to do it. Also he heard others say, what shall our journey be as Pedro Carbonerotes was? who went into Barbaria to take Mores, and he and all his were there slain, wherefore said they let us not follow him but turn in time. It grieved Cortes much to hear this talk, who would fain have corrected them but it was not then time, wherefore he determined to lead them with sufferance, and spoke unto them as followeth.   

The Oration made by Cortes to his Soldiers.  
Masters and loving friends, I did choose you for my fellows, and ye chose me for your captain, and all was for the service of God, and the augmenting of his holy faith, & also the service of our sovereign Lord the King now Emperor: and next for our own commodity, I (as ye have seen) have not failed nor yet displeased ye, nor ye likewise have otherwise done to me unto this day. But now I do feel faintness in some, yea and an evil will to go forward in the wars which we have in hand: but (God be praised) it is now finished, at the lest the end is understood, what it may be, and also the wealth that may follow, as partly you have seen, but much without comparison of that you have not seen, which is a thing that doth exceed the greatness of our words or thoughts.  
Fear not my loving fellows to go and abide with me, God forbid that I should think, yea or that any should report, that fear vexeth my company, or else disobedience to their Captain, which is a perpetual infamy, if we should leave this Land, this War, this way already made, and return as some do desire, shall we then live at rest, loitering as well and lost folk: God forbid, that ever our nation should have such a name, having wars of honour. And whether (I pray) shall the Ox go where he shall not help to plough the ground? do ye think peradventure that ye shall find less people, worse armed, and not far from the sea? I do assure you, that in so thinking ye seek after five feet for a Cat, yea and you shall travel no way, but that you shall meet some evil passage (as the Proverb saith) yea and far worse than this that we have in hand. For why (God be thanked) since we came into this Country, we never wanted meat, friends, neither money nor honour. For now ye see that ye are esteemed more than men, yea as persons immortal, and Gods, if it might be spoken, for these Indians being so many and without number, and so armed as ye yourselves affirm, yet can they not kill one of us: and as touching their weapons, you see that they are not poisoned, as the Indians of Cart●gena, Veragna, and the Caribez do use, which have killed many of our nation therewith, dying as mad men raging.  
And if there were no other cause than this only, you should not seek others with whom to war: I do confess that the Sea is somewhat far from us, and never Spaniarde traveled so far into the main land of India, as we have done: for why now we leave the Sea a hundredth and fifty miles behind us, nor yet ever any hath come so near Mexico where Mutezuma doth reside, from whom such messages and Treasure we have received. It is now but three score miles thither, and the worst is paste, as you do see, if we come thither, as I trust in jesus we shall, then shall we not only get and win for the Emperor our natural Lord a rich Land, great Kingdoms, infinite Vassals, but likewise for ourselves much riches, as Gold, Silver, Precious stones, Pearls, and other commodity, and besides this, the greatest honour that ever any nation did obtain. For look how great a King this is, how large his country is, and what great multitude of people he hath, so much the more is our glory.  
Besides all this, we are bound as Christians to exalt and enlarge our catholic faith, as we have begun, aborting Idolatry and blasphemy against our Saviour Christ, taking away the bloody Sacrifice and eating of man's flesh, so horrible and against nature, and many other grievous sins so much here used, for the foulness whereof I name them not.  
And therefore (I say) fear you nor yet doubt you the victory, considering that the worst is paste. Of late we overcame the Indians of Tabasco, and also an hundredth and fifty thousand this other day of the Tlaxcaltecas, who have the only name of breakers of lions jaws: so with Gods help you shall be Conquerors of the rest, if ye faint not and follow me.  
All his company was pleased and content with this comfortable exhortation, and those that were faint hearted recovered strength. And his valiant Soldiers recovered double courage, & those who hated him began to honour him: and in conclusion he departed from thence exceeding well-beloved of all his company. But all his former talk was very needful as time than required: for why? some of his (as you have heard) were desirous to return: likewise upon dissension, rebellion might have grown, and he forced to return to the sea coast, where all his toil and travel taken had been lost.   

How Xicotencatl came for Ambassador to Cortes his Campe.  
Cortes had not so soon made an end of his talk, when Xicotencatl came entering into the camp, who was chief and general captain in Tlaxcallan, & of all the wars: he brought in his company fifty persons of authority to keep him company. They approached near where Cortes was, and saluted each other according to the use of their country. Their salutations ended and the parties setten down, Xicotencatl began the talk, saying: Sir I am come on mine own behalf and also of my fellow Captain, and Lieutenant Maxixca, and in the name of many other noble personages, and finally in the name of the whole state and common weal of Tlaxcallan, to beseech and pray you to admit us into your friendship, and to yield ourselves and country unto your King, craving also at your hand pardon for our attempt in taking arms against you, we not knowing what you were, nor what you sought for in our country. And where we presumed to resists and defend your entrance, we did it as against straungrrs whom we knew not, and such men as we had never heretofore seen: and fearing also that you had been friends to Mutezuma, who is and always hath been our mortal enemy. And these things we suspected, seeing Mutezuma his servants in your company, or else we imagined that you were comen to usurp our liberty, the which of time without memory we have possessed, as our forefathers did with the shedding of their blood. And of our own natural provision we want cotton wool to cloth us, wherefore in time paste we went as naked as we were borne, but some of us used other cloth to cover our nakedness, made of the leaves of the tree called Metl: and Salt also we wanted, of which two things so necessary to human life, Mutezuma had great store, and other our enemies, with whom we are round about environed. And likewise where we have no gold. stones of value, or any rich thing to barter with them, of very pure necessity many times we are forced to cell our own bodies to buy these wants. And this extremity (said he) we needed not, if that we would be subjects and vassals to Mutezuma. But yet had we rather all in general to end our lives, than we would put ourselves in such subjection, for we think ourselves as valiant men in courage as our forefathers were, who always have resisted against him and his grandfather, who was as mighty as now is he: we would also have withstood you and your force, but we could not, although we proved all our possibility by night and day, and found your strength invincible, and we no luck against you. Therefore since our fate is such, we had rather be subject unto you than unto any others. For we have known and heard by the Zeampoallanezes, that you do no evil, nor came not to vex any, but were most valiant and happy, as they had seen in the wars, being in your company. For which consideration, we trust that our liberty shall not be diminished, but rather our own persons, wives, and family better preserved, and our houses and husbandry not destroyed. And in sum of all his talk, the tears trickling down his cheeks, he besought Cortes to weigh that Tlaxcallan did never at any time reknowledge any superior King or Lord, nor at any time had comen any person among them to command, but only he, whom they did voluntarily elect and choose as their superior and ruler.  
It can not be told, how much Cortes rejoiced with this Embassage, and to see such a mighty Captain come unto his camp to submit himself: and also it was a matter of great weight to have that City in subjection, for the enterprise which he had in hand, whereby he fully made an account that the wars were at an end, to the great contentation of him and his company, and with great fame and reputation among the Indians.  
Cortes with a merry and loving countenance answered, laying to their charge the hurt and damage which he had received in their country, because they refused at the first to hearken unto him, and quietly to suffer him to enter into their country, even as he had required and desired by his Messengers of Zeampoallan sent unto them from Zaclotan. Yet all this notwithstanding, he did both pardon the killing of his two horses, the assaulting of him in the high way, and the great lies which they had most craftily used with him, (for where as they themselves fought against him, yet they laid the fault to others) likewise their pretence to murder him in the ambush prepared for him, (enticing him to come to their City,) without making first defiance according to the law of arms.  
These causes notwithstanding, he did lovingly receive their offer made in subjection to the Emperor, and in this sort departed, saying, that shortly he would be with him in Tlaxcallan, and presently he could not go with him for the dispatch of the Ambassadors of Mutezuma.   

The receiving and entertainment of Cortes in Tlaxcallan.  
IT grieved much the Ambassadors of Mutezuma, to see Xicotencates in the Spanish Camp, and the offer made unto Cortes in the behalf of his King, of their persons, City and goods, advising Cortes to give no credit unto them, for all their saying (quoth they) is treason and lies, and to the intent to lock you up in their City.  
Cortes answered, that although their advise were true, yet he did determine to go thither, for that he feared them less in the town then in the field. They hearing this answer and determmation, besought him to give unto one of them licen●e to return unto Mexico, to advertise Mutezuma of all that was past, with an answer to their embassage, promising within six days to have news from Mexico, and till then prayed him not to depart with his Campe.  
Cortes granted their request, and abode there the time appointed, expecting the answer. In this mean season came many of Tlaxcallan in the camp, some brought Ginnea cocks, other brought bread and Cherries, and gave it for nothing in comparison, with merry countenance, desiring them to go home with them unto their houses.  
The sixth day the Mexican came, according to promise', 
A rich present.  and brought unto Cortes ten jewels of Gold, both rich and well wrought, and a fifteen thousand garments of Cotten exceeding gallant, and most earnestly besought him on the behalf of Mutezuma, that he should not danger himself in trusting to the words of the Tlaxcaltecas, who were so poor that with necessity they would rob him of the things which his master had sent him, yea and likewise murder him, knowing of the friendship between his master and him: likewise all the chiefest Lords of Tlaxcallan, came to entreat him to go with them to Tlaxcallan where he should be cherished, lodged, and well provided. For it was a great dishonour and shame for them to permit such personages to abide in such vile cottages as they were in. And if (quoth they) you trust us not, that then we are ready to give you for your security what soever gauges you shall demand: notwithstanding they did both swear and faithfully promise', that they might safely go with them, saying also that the Oath and faith of their common weal should never be broken for all the goods in the world.  
Whereupon Cortes seeing the good will of so many Gentlemen his new friends, and likewise the Indians of Zeampoallan, of whom he had good credit, did so importune him and assure him of his going, he commanded his fardage to be laden and also his ordinance, and departed toward Tlaxcallan, which was six leagues from that place, with as good order as it had been to a battle: And at the Tower where he had pitched his camp, he left certain Crosses for a memory, with a great heap of stones, 
Entrance into Tlaxcallan.  and entered into Tlaxcallan the eighteenth of September. There came out such a multitude of people to see him and to meet him in the way, that it was a wonder to see.  
He was lodged in the greatest temple, which had many great and fair lodgings, sufficient for him and all his company, except the Indians his friends which were lodged in other Temples. He set certain limits, out of the which he commanded straightly that none of his company should pass, upon pain of death, and also commanded that they should take nothing, but what should be given them. His commandment was well observed, for none presumed to go a stones cast without his licence. The Indian Gentlemen showed great pleasure and courtesy to the strangers, and provided them of all things necessary, and many of them gave their daughters unto them, in token of true friendship, and likewise to have fruit of their bodies, to be brought up for the wars, being such valiant men.  
This Country liked well our men, and the great love of the people. They abode there at their pleasure twenty days, in which time they did procure to know particularly the estate of their common weal and secrets, and also were sufficiently instructed of the estate of Mutezuma.   

The description of Tlaxcallan.  
TLaxcallan is properly in the Indian tongue as much to say, as bread well baked, for there is more grain called Centli gathered, than is in all the province round about.  
In times past the City was called Texcallan, that is to say, a valley betwixt two hills. It is a great City, and planted by a river side, which springeth out of Atlancatepec, and watereth the most part of that province, and from thence issueth out into the South sea, by Zacatullan. This City hath four goodly streets, which are called Tepeticpac, Ocotelulco, Tizatlan, Quiahuiztlan. The first street standeth on high upon a hill, far from the river, which may be about half a league, and because it standeth on a hill, it is called Tepeticpac, that is to say, a hill, and was the first population which was founded there on high, because of the wars.  
another street was situate on the hill side toward the River, because at the building thereof, there were many pine trees: they named it Ocotelulco, which is to say, a pine apple plot. This street was beautiful, and first inhabited of all the City, and there was the chiefest Market place, where all the buying and selling was used, and that place they called Tianquiztli: in that street was the dwelling house of Maxixca. Along the River side in the plain standeth another street called Tizatlan, because there is much lime and chalk. In this street dwelled Xicotencatl, Captain general of the common weal. There is another street named by reason of the brackish water, Quiahuiztlan, but since the spaniards came thither, all those buildings are almost altered, after a better fashion, and built with stone. In the plain by the river side, standeth the Town house, and other offices, as in the City of Venice. This Tlaxcallan was governed by noble and rich men: they use not that one alone should rule, but rather fly from that order, as from tyranny.  
In their wars (as I have said before) they have four Captains, which governeth ●ache one street, of the which four, they do elect a Captain general. Also there are other Gentlemen that are undercaptains, but a small number. In the wars they use their standard to be carried behind the army, but when the battle is to be fought, they place the standard where all the host may see it, and he that cometh not incontinent to his ancient, payeth a penalty. Their standard hath two crossbow arrows set thereon, which they esteem as the relics of their ancestors. This standard two old soldiers and valiant men, being of the chiefest Captains, have the charge to carry, in the which standard an abusion of soothsaying, either of loss or victory is noted. In this order they shoot one of these arrows against the first enemies that they meet, and if with that arrow they do either kill or hurt, it is a token that they shall have the victory, and if it neither kill nor hurt, than they assuredly believe that they shall loose the field.  
This province or Lordship of Tlaxcallan, hath. 28. Villages and towns, wherein is contained 150000. households. They are men well made, and good warriors, the like are not among the Indians. They are very poor, and have no other riches, but only the grain or corn called Centli, and with the gain and profit thereof, they do both cloth themselves, and pay their tributes, and provide all other necessaries. They have many market places, but the greatest and most used daily, standeth in the street of Ocotelulco, which is so famous, 
A strange contractation.  that 30000. persons come thither in one day to buy and cell, which is to say, changing one thing for another, for they know not what money meaneth.  
They cell such things in that market, as here we use, & all thing unto them needful to eat, and cloth for themselves, and necessaries for building.  
They have all kind of good policy in the City: there are Goldsmiths, fetherdressers, Barber's, hotehouses, and potters, who make as good earthen vessel, as is made in Spain. The earth is fat and fruitful for corn, fruit, and pasture, for among the pine trees groweth so much grass, that our men feed their cattle there, which in Spain they can not do.  
Within two leagues of that City standeth a round hill of six miles of height, and five and forty miles in compass, and is now called Saint Bartholomew's hill, where the snow freezeth. In times past they called that hill Matealcucie, who was their God for water. They had also a God for wine, who was named Ometochtli, for the great drunkenness which they used. Their chiefest God was called Camaxtlo, and by another name Mixcovatl, whose Temple stood in the street of Oc●telulco, in the which temple there was sacrificed some years above eight hundred persons. In Tlaxcallan they spoke three languages, that is to say, Nahualh, which is the courtly speech, and chiefest in all the land of Mexico: an other is called Otomir, which is most commonly used in the Villages: There is one only street that spoke Pinomer, which is the grossest speech. There was also in that City a common jail, where felons lie in irons, and all things which they held for sin, was there corrected.  
It chanced at that time a Townsman to steal from a Spaniard a little gold, 
Correction.  whereof Cortes complained to Maxixca, who incontinent made such inquiry, that the offender was found in Chololla, which is another City five leagues from thence: they brought the prisoner with the gold, and delivered him to Cortes, to do with him his pleasure: Cortes would not accept him, but gave him thanks for his diligence: then was he carried with a Crier before him, manifesting his offence, and in the Market place upon a scaffold they broke his joints with a cudgel: our men marveled to see such strange justice.   

The answer of the Tlaxcaltecas touching the leaving of their Idols.  
WHen Cortes saw that these people executed justice, and lived in Religion after their manner, although abominable and devilish: and always when he desired them to leave off from their Idolatry and that cruel vanity, in kill and eating men sacrificed, considering that none among them how wholly soever he were, would willingly be slain & eaten, 
A godly persuasion.  required them to believe in the most true God of the christians, who was the maker of Heaven and earth, the giver of rain, and creator of all things that the earth produceth only for the use and profit of mortal man.  
Some of them answered, that they would gladly do it, only to pleasure him, but they feared that the commons would arise and stone them. Others said, that it was an hard matter to unbeléeve that which their forefathers had so long believed, and that it should be a cause to condemn their forefathers and themselves.  
Others said, that it might be in time they would convert, seeing the order of the Christian Religion, and understanding the reasons and causes to turn Christians, and likewise perceiving thoroughly the manner and life of the Christians, with their laws and customs: and as for warlike feats, they were satisfied, & had seen such trial, that they held them for men invincible in that point, and that their God did help them.  
Cortes promised them, that shortly he would bring them such men, as should instruct and teach them, and then they should see which way was best, with the great joy and fruit that they should feel. They accepting that council which he like a friend had given them, and for as much as presently it could not be brought to pass by reason of his journey to Mexico, he desired them, that the Temple wherein he was lodged, should be made a church for him and his company, and if it pleased them, they might also come to see and hear their divine service.  
The Indians granted to his request, and daily came among them all the time of their abode there, and some came and dwelt with the spaniards, but the chiefest friend was Captain Maxixca, who never went from Cortes.   

The discord between the Mexicans and Tlaxcaltecas.  
COrtez being thoroughly satisfied of their hearty good wills, he demanded of them the estate and riches of Mutezuma. They exalted him greatly, as men that had proved his force. And as they affirmed, it was near a hundred years that they maintained war with him and his father Axaiaca, and others his Uncles and Grandfathers. And said also, that the gold and treasure of Mutezuma, was without number, and his power and dominion over all the land, and his people innumerable: for (quoth they) he joineth sometime two hundredth thousand men, yea and three hundred thousand for one battle. And if it pleased him, he would make as many men double, and thereof they were good witness, because they had many times sought with them.  
Maxixca desired that Cortes should not adventure himself into the power of the men of Culhua, whereat some of the spaniards feared and suspected evil of the matter.  
Cortes told him, that notwithstanding all those things which they had told him, he was fully minded to go to Mexico, to visit Mutezuma, wishing him to advise him what he might do, or bring to pa●se for them with Mutezuma, for he would willingly do it, for the courtesy showed unto him, and that he believed Mutezuma would grant him any lawful request.  
Then they besought him to procure for them a licence to have cotton wool and salt out of his Country, for (said they) in time of the wars we stood in great need thereof, and that they had none but such as they bought by stealth of the Comercans very dear, in change of gold: for Mutezuma had made a strait law, whereby all such as carried any of those commodities to them should be slain. Then Cortes inquired the cause of their disorder and evil neyborhood. They answered, that their griefs were old, and cause of liberty: but as the Ambassadors did affirm, and Mut●zuma afterward declare, it was not so, but for other matter far different. So that each party alleging their causes, their reasons were, that the young men of Mexico and Culhua did exercise and bring them up in warlike feats near unto them, and under their noses, to their great annoyance, whereas they mought have gone to Panuco and Teocantepec, his frontiers a far off.  
Likewise their pretence was, to have war with them being their neighbours, only to have of them to sacrifice to their Gods: so that when they would make any solemn feast, than would they sand to Tlaxcallan for men to sacrifice, with such a great army, that they might take as many as they needed for that year: for it is most certain if Mutezuma would, in one day he mought have brought them in subjection, and slain them all, joining his whole power in effects: but his purpose was, to keep them for a pray to hunt withal, for men to be sacrificed to his Gods, and to eat, so that he would never send but a small army against them: whereby it did chance that sometimes those of Tlaxcallan did overcome.  
Cortes received great pleasure to hear these discords betwixt his new friends and Mutezuma, which was a thing fit for his purpose, for by that means he hoped to bring them all under subjection, and therefore he used the one and the other secretly, to build his pretence upon a good foundation.  
At all this communication there stood by certain Indians of Vexozinc●, which had been against our men in the late wars, the which Town is a City as Tlaxcallan, and joined with them in league of friendship against Mutezuma, who oppressed them in like effect of slaughter for their Temples of Mexico, and they also yielded themselves to Cortes for vassals to the Emperor.   

The solemn receiving of the spaniards into Chololla.  
THe Ambassedors' of Cortes seeing the determination of Cortes to proceed on his journey toward Mexico, they besought him to go by Chololla, which stood five leagues from thence, certifying that Chololla was a City in their friendship, and that there he might at his pleasure abide the resolution of their Lord Mutezuma, whether it were his pleasure that he should enter into Mexico or no. This request was only to have him from thence, for truly it gréeue● much Mutezuma of their new friendship and league, fearing that thereof would some great displeasure happen towards him, and therefore procured all that was possible to have him from thence, sending him always presents to allure him to come from thence the sooner. But when the Tlaxcaltecas saw that he would go to Chololla, it grieved them much, saying unto Cortes, that Mutezuma was a liar and fraudelent person, and that Chololla was a city his friend but not constant, and it might happen that they would displease him, having him within their City, wishing him to look well to himself: 
A ge●tle offer.  And if needs he would go● thither, yet they would provide, 20000. men to keep him company.  
The women that were given to the Spaniards at their first entrance, had understanding of a snare that was laid to murder them at their coming to Chololla, by means of one of the four Captains, who had a sister which discovered the thing to Pedr● de Aluarado who kept her. 
Correction of treason.  Cortes incontinent called that Captain out of his house, and caused him to be choked, and so was the matter kept close that his death was never known, whereby the snare was undone without any rumour. It was a wonder that all Tlaxcallan had not made an uproar seeing one of their greatest Captains dead. There was inquiry made of that snare, and the truth being known, it was approved that Mutezuma had prepared. 30000. Soldiers who where in camp for that purpose within two leagues of the City, and that the streets in Chololla were stopped up with timber and rails, and the tops of their houses provided with stones, which houses are made with plain roofs or sotties, and the high way stopped up, & other false by-ways made with deep holes pitched full of stakes very sharp, to spoil and lame both horse and man: these engines were finely covered with sand, and could not be espied, although the skoute had gone before on foot to discover. The matter also was very suspicious, for these Citizens of Chololla had not at any time come to visit him, or sent any present unto him as others had done.  
Whereupon Cortes consulted with the Tlaxcaltecas to send certain messengers to Chololla, to request their Captains and rulers to come unto him, who did their message accordingly, and the Cholollans would not come, but yet they sent three or four persons to excuse them, saying that they were not well at ease, praying him to signify unto them what he would have: the Tlaxcaltecas informed Cortes that those messengers were men of small credit and of low degree, wishing him not to depart till their Captain came. In this fort Cortes returned their messengers backé again, with commandment written, declaring that if they came not within three days, he would proclaim them rebels and his utter enemies, and as such would he chasten them with all rigour.  
When this commandment came unto them, the next day following came many Lords and Captains to make their excuse, saying, that the Tlaxcaltecas were their enemies, and that through them they could not live in safety: likewise they knew of the evil report which they had made against them: wherefore they besought him to give no credit unto them, for why, they were both false and cruel men: beseeching him also to go with them to their City, and then he should see that all was but a mockery that had been told him, and they his good and faithful friends: and last of all they offered to serve him as tributary subjects.  
Cortes commanded that all this talk should be set down in writing before the Notary and his interpreters, and so took his leave of the Citizens of Tlaxcallan. Maxixca wept at his departure, but there went in his pany a hundredth thousand men of war: there were among them many Merchants that went to barter for Salt and Mantles.  
Cortes commanded that those hundredth thousand men should go always by themselves: that day he reached not to Chololla, but abode by a broke side, and thither came many of the city, to desire him that the Tlaxcal●ecas should not do any hurt in their country: whereupon Cortes commanded them to return back again all saving. 5000. or there about, much against their wills. But they still required him to take good heed of those evil folk, who be not (quoth they) men of war, but ●edlers, and men of double heart: and they of their parts would be very loath to leave him in any peril or danger, having given themselves to be his true and faithful friends.  
The next day in the morning the Spaniards came to Chololla, and there came out near, 10000, Indians to receive him with their Captains in good order: many of them presented unto him bread, foul, & roses, and every Captain as he approached welcomed Cortes, and then stood aside that the rest in order might come unto him. And when he came entering into the City, all the other Citizens received him, marveling to see such men & horses.  
After all this came out all the religious men, as Priests, and Ministers to the idols (who were many and strange to behold,) and all were clothed in white like unto surplices, and hemmed with Cotten thread: some brought instruments of music like unto Cornets, other brought instruments made of bones, other an instrument like a ketel covered with skin, some brought chafing dishes of coals with perfumes, others brought idols covered, and finally they all came singing in their language, which was a terrible noise, and drew near Cortes and his company, sensing them with sweet smells in their sensers.  
With this pomp and solemnity (which truly was great) they brought him into the City, and lodged him in a house where was room enough for him and his, and gave unto each of them a Gynnea cock, and his Indians of Tlaxcallan, Zempoallan and Iztacmixtlitan, were provided by themselves.   

The conspiracy of the Cholollans to kill Cortes and his men.  
ALL that night following Cortes was vigilant with all his company, for both in the way and in the town they had found some of the things whereof they had been advised before in Tlaxcallan, and although their first present was a Gynnea cock to each man's allowance, other three days following they gave them nothing almost to eat, and very seldom the Captains came to visit them, whereof Cortes had great suspicion.  
And in this mean while the Ambassadors of Mutezuma entreated him to leave of his journey to Mexico, alleging that their great King would die in beholding their beards & gesture: other times they said that there was no passage, other times they would say that they wanted wherewith to sustain them. And seeing them fully and in every respect answered to all these points, they caused the towns men to inform them, that where Mutezuma his abiding was, were monstrous Lysardes, Tigers, Lions, and many other flerce hests, the which when Mutezuma commanded to be loosed, were sufficient to pluck in pieces, and to destroy those few strangers: and seeing that all these policies availed not, they consulted with the Captains and chief Citizens to murder the Christians. And because they should so bring it to pass, the Ambassadors promised the Citizens great rewards on the behalf of Mutezuma, and presented to their general a drum of Gold, and promised to bring the thirty thousand soldiers which lay about two leagues from thence: the Cholollans promised to deliver them bound hand and foot. But yet they would not consent that those Soldiers of Culhua should come into their City, fearing that they (under colour of friendship) would remain with the town, for why, the Mexicans had used the like sleight. And in this fort they with one bolt meant to kill two birds at a shoot, for they thought to take the Spaniards sleeping, and then to remain with the Town of Chololla. 
Many pe●●ls.  Also it was determined, that if all these pretences could not be brought to pass, that then they should be conducted a contrary way to Mexico upon the left hand, in the which were many dangerous places, because the way was all sandy, with many sluices, ditches, and holes of three fathom deep, meaning there to meet them and to carry them bound to Mutezuma: this matter being fully agreed, they began to take away their household stuff, and to carry it with their wives and children up into the mountains.  
And our men being also ready to depart from thence for their small cheer with evil countenance, 
Help from God.  it happened, an Indian woman (being wife to one of the principalest Citizens,) having some affection to the bearded men, said unto Marina, that she should abide there with her, for that she loved her well, and that it would grieve her that she should be slain with her master. Marina dissimuling the matter, procured to know what they were that had conspired the thing, and having knowledge thereof, she ran to seek Aguillar her fellow interpreter, and both together informed Cortes of the whole matter.  
Cortes hearing this news, slept not, but incontinent examined two of the Citizens, who confessed the thing even as it passed, and as the Gentlewoman had declared: where upon Cortes stayed his journey two days, to mollify the matter and to disappoint them of that evil pretended purpose, and also to correct their offences, he commanded their rulers to be called, saying that he had to talk with them, and when they were comen be required them neither to use lies nor deceits with him, but rather like men to defy him to the field and battle, for (quoth he) honest men use rather to fight than to lie. They all answered that they were his friends and servitors, and no liars, and that it might please him to show them when he would depart, for they would go armed to keep him company. He answered that he would depart the next day following, and that he required but only some of their slaves to carry his fardage, because his own Tamemez or Carriars were wearied: likewise he required some provision of victual.  
At this last request they smiled, saying among themselves, to what purpose will these men have victuals, for shortly they themselves shallbe boiled and eaten with the sauce called Axi, yea, and if Mutezuma had not pretended their bodies for his own dish, they had been eaten here before this tyme.   

The punishment that Cortes executed for conspiracy.  
THe next day in the morning the Chol●llans thinking that they had their determinate purpose in good readiness, they came and brought many to carry their fardage, & other some to carry the Spaniards upon their backs, hoping to apprehended them in the same order. There came also many armed men of the most valiantest, to kill him that should disorder himself. Likewise that day their Priests sacrificed ten children of three years of age to their God Quezalcovail, five of these children were men, and the other five women, which was their custom when they began their wars: the captains placed themselves at the four doors of Cortes his house with some armed men. Cortes carely in the morning had secretly in a readiness the Indians of Zempoal●an and Tlaxcallan, 
Oworthy Cortes.  and other friends: he commanded his horsemen to take their horses, giving them this watch word, that when they heard the noise of the shot of a handgun, that then they should play the men, for it imported all their lives. And he seeing the towns men approach near his lodging, commanded the captains & chiefest of them to come unto him, saying, that he would take his leave of them: there came many, but be would not suffer above thirty persons to come in, who were the principallest, and declared unto them, that always he had dealt truly with them, & they with him nothing but treason and lies. Likewise they had under colour requested that his friends the Tlaxcaltecas should not come unto their town, & that he fulfilled there in their desire, & also commanded his own men in no wise to be hurtful unto them, yea & although they had not provided him of victuals as reason did require, yet he would not permit any of his men to take the value of one hen from them, so that in recompense of all his gentle dealings and good will, they had most wickedly procured the death of him and all his company. And because they could not perform it in their own town, they had prepared the slaughter in the high way, at those dangerous places which they had determined to lead them unto, pretending also the help of thirty thousand men, Soldiers of Mutezuma, which army stood not fully two leagues from thence. And for this horrible and detestable wickedness ye shall all die, and in memory of traitors I will destroy this city, and turn the foundations upwards, so that there shall remain no remembrance of you.  
Their offence being manifest, could not be denied, and looking one upon an other, their colours waxed pale and wan, saying, this man is like unto our Gods, who knoweth all things, therefore let us not deny the truth, and openly before the Ambassadors of Mutezuma confess their error and evil fact.  
Then said Cortes to the Ambassadors, you do see that we should have been slain by the Cholollans, and through the procurement of Mutezuma, but yet I believe it not, considering that he is my friend and a mighty Prince, saying also that Noble men used neither treason nor lies, wherefore fear not you, but these dissembling Traitors shall be punished, for you are persons inviolable and messengers of a Prince, whom he meant to serve and not offend, because he had an assured opinion in Mutezuma, to be a virtuous Prince, and one that would not commit villainy.  
All these words he spoke, because he would not fall out with Mutezuma, until he saw himself within the City of Mexico.  
Incontinent he commanded some of those Captains to be slain, and kept the residue bound. Then he shot off his handgun, which was the watch unto his army, who forthwith set upon the Townsmen, and within two hours slew six thousand persons and more.  
Cortes commanded that they should kill neither woman nor child: they fought wellnear five hours: they set fire on all the houses and Towers that made resistance, and drove all the inhabitants out of the Town. The dead carcases lay so thick, that of force they must tread upon them.  
There were twenty Gentlemen, and many Priests, who ascended up to the high tower of the temple, which hath a hundred and twenty steps, from whence with arrows and stones they did much hurt, and would not yield, whereupon our men set fire to the Tower, and burned them all. Then they exclaimed on their Gods, who would neither help them nor their City and holy sanctuary.  
The City being sacked, our men took the spoil of gold, plate, and feathers, and the Indians their friends took clotheses and salt, which was the treasure that they desired.  
Cortes commanded to cease the spoil. The other Captains that lay bound, hearing of such a great destruction and punishment, most pitifully besought Cortes to lose some of them, for to see what was become of their Gods and common people. Likewise they humbly besought him to pardon them, who had not so much fault● as Mutezuma, who persuaded and enticed them to that pretended treason.  
Upon their lamentable request, he loased two of them, and the next day following the City was as full of people again, that there seemed not one to be wanting.  
At the suit of the Tlaxcaltecas who were put for mediators, Cortes pardoned them all, and set his prisoners at liberty, assuring them that the like correction he would do upon all them that should dissemble or show an evil countenance, or make lies, or finally use any kind of treason toward him: whereupon they all abode in great fear. He made the knot of friendship between them and the Tlaxcaltecas, which in time past had been betwixt them, for Mutezuma and his ancestors made them enemies, with fair promises, words and also fear.  
The Citizens having their general slain, chose an other with licence of Cortes.   

The Sanctuary or holy place among the Indians was Chololla.  
CHololla is a city as Tlaxcallan, and hath but one person who is governor and general Captain, chosen by the consent of all the Citizens. It is a City of twenty thousand households within the walls, and in the suburbs as much more. It showeth outwards very beautiful, and full of towers, for there are as many temples as days in the year, & every temple hath his tower. Our men counted four hundred towers. The men and women are of good disposition well favoured, and very witty.  
The women are Goldsmiths and also Carvers, the men are warriors, and light fellows, and good masters for any purpose: they go better appareled than any other Indians yet seen. They wear for their utter garment cloaks like unto Moriscos, but after an other sort. All the Country round about them is fruitful and eareable ground, well watered, and so full of people, that there is no waste ground, in respect whereof, there are some poor, which beg from door to door. The spaniards had not seen any beggars in that Country before they came thither.  
Chololla is a City of most devotion and Religion in all India, it is called the Sanctuary or holy place among the Indians, and thither they traveled from many places far distant on pilgrimage, and for this cause there were so many temples.  
Their Cathedral Temple was the best and highest of all the new Spain, with a hundred and twenty steps up unto it.  
The greatest Idol of all their Gods was called Quezalcovately, God of the air, who was (say they) the founder of their City, being a Virgin of holy life, and great penance. He instituted fasting and drawing of blood out of their ears and tongues, and left a precept, that they should sacrifice but only quails, Doves, and other foul.  
He never ware but one garment of Cotten, which was white, narrow and long, and upon that a mantle beset with certayneredde crosses.  
They have certain green stones which were his, and those they keep for relics. One of them is like an Ape's head. Here they abode twenty days, and in this mean while there came so many to buy and cell, that it was a wonder to see. And one of the things that was to be seen in those fairs, was the earthen vessel, which was exceeding curious and fine.   

The hill called Popocatepec.  
THere is a hill eight leagues from Chololla, called Popocatepec, which is to say, a hill of smoke, for many times it pasteth out smoke and fire. Cortes 〈◊〉 thither ten spaniards, with many Indians, to carry their victual, and to gu●●e them in the way. The ascending up was very troublesome, and full of craggy rocks. They approached so nigh the top, that they heard such a terrible noise which proceeded from thence, that they durst not go unto it, for the ground did tremble and shake, and great quantity of Ashes which disturbed the way: but yet two of them who seemed to be most hardy, and desirous to see strange things, went up to the top, because they would not return with a sleeveless answer, and that they might not be accounted cowards, leaving their fellows behind them, proceeded forwards. The Indians said, what mean these men? for as yet never mortal man took such a journey in hand.  
These two valiant fellows passed through the desert of Ashes, and at length came under a great smoke very thick, and standing there a while, the darkness vanished partly away, and then appeared she vul●an and concavetie, which was about half a league in compass, out of the which the air came rebounding, with a great noise; very shrill, and whistling, in sort that the whole hill did tremble. It was to be compared unto an oven where glass is made. The smoke and heat was so great, that they could not abide it, and of force were constrained to return by the way that they had ascended: but they 〈◊〉 not gone far, when the vulcan began to lash out flames of fire, ashes, and embers, yea and at the last stones of burning fire: and if they had not chanced to find a rock, where under they shadowed themselves, undoubtedly they had there been burned.  
When with good tokens they were returned where they left their fellows, the other Indians kissed their garments as an honour due unto Gods. They presented unto them such things as they had, and wondered much at their fact.  
Those simple Indians thought, 
Purgatory.  that that place was an infernal place, where all such as governed not well, or used tyranny in their offices, were punished when they died, and also believed, that after their purgation, they passed into glory.  
This vulcan is like unto the vulcan of Cicilia, it is high and round, and never wanteth Snow about it, and is seen a far off in the night, it lasheth out flames of fire.  
There is near about this hill many Cities, and Huexozinco is one of the nighest.  
In ten years space this strange hill of working did expel no vapour or smoke: but in the year. 1540 it began again to burn, and with the horrible noise thereof, the neighbours that dwelt four leagues from thence were terrified, for the especial strange smokes that then were seen, the like to their predecessors had not been seen.  
The ashes that proceeded from thence came to Huexozinco, Quelaxcopan, Tepiacac, Quauhquecholla, Chololla, and Tlaxcallan, which standeth ten leagues from thence, yea some say, it extended fifteen leagues distant, and burned their herbs in their gardens, their fields of corn, trees, and clotheses that lay a drying.   

The consultation that Mutezuma had, concerning the coming of Cortes into Mexico.  
COrtez pretended not to fall out with Mutezuma, before his coming to Mexico, and yet he understood all Mutezuma his pretence, whereupon he complaineth to the Ambassadors, saying that he much marveled that such a mighty Prince, who by so many Gentlemen had assured his friendship unto him, should now procure his total destruction, in not keeping his promise and fidelity, In consideration whereof, where he meant to visit him as a friend, that now he would go to his Court as an enemy. The Ambassadors excused their masters cause, beseeching him to withdraw his fury, and to give licence to one of them to go to Mexico, who would bring answer from thence with all speed.  
Cortes granted unto the request, the one of them went, and returned again within six days in company of another messenger that had gone thither before, who brought ten platters of gold, and a thousand five hundred mantles of cotton, with much victual, and Cacao which is a kind of fruit that serveth for currant money among them. Likewise they brought a certain kind of wine or liquor made of Cacao and Centli. They informed Cortes, that Mutezuma was innocent of the conjuration in Chololla, nor by any means privy to their dealings, affirming moreover that the garrizon of soldiers did appertain to Acazinco, and Acazan, who were neighbours to Chololla, who by inducement of some naughty persons, had procured that thing, saying that he should both see and understand him to be his faithful and loving friend, praying him to come forward on his journey, for he would abide his coming in Mexico.  
This embassage pleased well Cortes, but Mutezuma feared, when he heard of the slaughter, 
Prophecy of the Devil.  and burning of Chololla, and said to his friends, these are the people that our Gods said should come and inherit this land.  
Mutezuma went incontinent to his Oratory, and shut in himself alone, where he abode in fasting and prayer eight days, with sacrifice of many men, to asilake the fury of his Idols, who seemed to be offended.  
The voice of the Devil spoke unto him, bidding him not to fear the Christians, saying they were but few, and when they were come, he should do what he listed with them, willing him in no wise to cease from the bloody sacrifice, lest some mischance might happen unto him. And assured him that he should have the Goddess Vitzipuchtli, and Tescatlipuca to preserve and keep him. And because Quezalcovatle was aggrieved for want of bloody sacrifice, he permitted the Strangers to punish them of Chololla. And Mutezuma hearing this devilish Oracle, and likewise Cortes having warned him that he would visit him as an enemy, he was by this persuasion of Satan, the better willing to receive him into Mexico.  
Likewise Cortes when he came to Chololla, was strong, and had at commandment a mighty power, and there made himself stronger, the fame whereof, was blown abroad, throughout all the dominions of Mutezuma. And whereas the poor Indians had but only marveled at their persons and furniture, now they began to tremble and to fear at his doings, so that wheresoever he came, they opened him the gates with pure fear, more than for any love.  
Muteznma at the beginning, pretended to fear Cortes with the fearful passages and other perils and danger, as the fortitude of Mexico, with his great multitude of subjects, and the great number of Princes that did both serve and obey him: and seeing that all these things profited not, he thought to have overcome him with gifts and treasure, knowing that he had required gold: yet he saw that nothing would, prevail, for that Cortes would needs come to see him, whereupon, he took counsel of the Devil what he should do in that case, 
An evil counsellor.  upon which counsel he was satisfied by his Priests and Captains, that he aught not to war against so few strangers, for if he so did, the dishonour would be his, and chief, because Cortes certified that he was an Ambassador, and using him otherwise, it might so fall out, that his own subjects would rebel against him their Lord and Prince, saying likewise that it was manifest that the Otomies and Tlaxcaltecas would favour his side, and also many others, for to destroy and spoil Mexico, upon which consultation it was openly proclaimed, that his will was that the strangers should enter into Mexico freely, thinking that if at any time they should displease him, to make a breakfast of them the next day.   

Things that happened to Cortes in his journey to Mexico.  
COrtez having so good an answer of the Ambassadors, he gave licence to as many of the Indians his friends, as listed to depart home to their houses, and he likewise departed from Chololla with some borderers that would needs follow him.  
He left the way that the Mexicans had persuaded him to come, for it was both evil and dangerous, as the Spaniarde which went to the vulcan had seen, he went another plainer way and more nearer. That day he traveled but four leagues, because he meant to lodge in the villages of Huexozinco, where he was friendly received, and they presented unto him slaves, garments, and gold, although but little, for they are poor by reason that Mutezuma hath environed them about, because they were of the partiality of Tlaxcallan. The nert day in the morning be ascended up a hill covered with snow, which was six miles of height, where if the. 30000. Soldiers had waited for them, they might easily have taken them, by reason of the great cold: and from the top of that hill, they discovered the land of Mexico, and the great lake with his villages round about, which is an exceeding goodly sight. But when Cortes saw that beautiful thing, his joy was without comparison, and he took not so much pleasure, but some of his men feared as much, and there was a murmuration among them to return back again, yea and like to have been a mutiny among them. But Cortes with his wisdom and dissimulation did pacify the matter, with courage, hope, and gentle words, 
O wise Cortes.  and they seeing that their Captain at all assays was the first himself, they feared the less the things that they imagined. And descending down into the plain, they found a great large house, sufficient for him and all his company, with six thousand Indians of Tlaxcallan, Huexozinco, and Chololla. And the servants of Mutezuma made cottages of straw for the Tamemez or carriers, who were laden with the fardage, and victuals: there was a good supper prepared for them, and great fires to warm them, and all things necessary. Thither came many principal persons from Mexico to visit him, among whom was a kinsman of Mutezuma, who presented unto Cortes the value of three thousand Ducats in gold, & besought him to return back again, and to have consideration of the poverty, hungrr, & evil way, yea and to pass in little boats in danger of drowning. And as for tribute to be given to the Emperor, a greater sum should be appointed than though he went personally to Mexico, yea and that it should be paid at what place he would appoint. Cortes welcomed them, as reason did require, and presented unto them haberdashe toys, which they esteemed in much, & chief he did lovingly entertain Mutezuma his kinsman, unto whom he made this answer, saying, I would gladly serve & pleasure such a mighty prince as your sovereign Mutezuma is, if it lay in my hands without offence of the King my master, and concerning my going to Mexico, Mutezuma shall receive both pleasure and honour rather than otherwise, & after I have talked with him I will soon return, likewise hunger I fear not, neither yet doubt that I nor none of mine shall want, and for my passage on the water, I say it is nothing in comparison of two thousand leagues, which I have sailed only to come and visit him.  
But yet for all this talk, if they had found him careless, they would have pinched him as some doth say, for he gave them to understand that he nor his men slept not by night, nor yet unarmed themselves, yea and also if it chanced them to find in the night season any that were not of their company, they slew them out of hand, desiring him to advise his men thereof, lest any of them should happen to fall into that danger, which would much grieve him, and with this talk they went all to take their rest.  
The next day in the morning he proceeded forward and came to Amaquemecan which is two leagues from thence, & standeth in the province of Chalco, a town that containeth 20000. householders. The Lord of that towns presented to Cortes forty women slaves, and. 3000. Ducats in gold, with meat abundantly for two days, and secretly made complaint unto him of Mutezuma. And from thence he went to another town four leagues from thence, the one half thereof was built upon the lake, and the other half upon the land at the foot of a ragged hill. There went in his company many subjects of Mutezuma for purveyors, but yet both they and the towns men would fain have laid hand upon the Spaniards, and every night would send their spies to see what the Christians did, but the watch slew about twenty of them, whereupon the matter stayed and their pretence took no effect: sure it is a thing to laugh at, for at every fancy they would prove to kill them, and yet they were not for the purpose. The next day in the morning came twelve Lords from Mexico, among whom was Cacama nephew to Mutezuma, who was Lord of Tezcuco a young man of. xxv. years of age, whom the Indians did much honour: he was carried upon their shoulders, & when they set him down one went before with a broom to swéep the dust out of his way. These Gentlemen came to accompany Cortes excusing Mutezuma, saying that he was not well at ease & therefore he came not personally to receive him. And yet they entreated Cortes to return back again, & not to come unto Mexico, giving him to understand by signs, that they would there displease him, yea & also defend the passage & entrance, a thing easy to be done, but they were either blinded or else they durst not break the Calsey. Cortes entertained them like noble men, & gave unto them of his haberdashe, & departed from the town with many grave personages who carried with them a great train, which filled up the way well nigh as they should pass, wondering at their beards, harness, apparel, horses & ordinance, saying to themselves, these be Gods. Cortes gave them warning not to come among the horses, nor among his men, for fear they would kill them. This he made them believe because he would not have his way stopped, for that the number of the was so great. They then came to a town built upon the water of two thousand houses, and before they came thither they had gone more than half a league upon a fair Calsey, which was twenty foot broad: the town had fair houses and many towers: the Lord of the town did receive them worshipfully, and provided all things plentifully, desiring him to abide there that night, and secretly made complaints against Mutezuma, of many wrongs and exactions done by him, and certified him, that from thence the way was very fair to Mexico, and all the like ●alsey as he had passed. With this news Cortes was very glad, for he meant to have stayed there for to have built barks and foists, & yet he feared lest they would break the calsey, wherefore he had always a care over Cacama, who with the other Lords desired him not to abide there, but to proceed forward to Iztacpalapan, which was but two leagues off, and that the Lord thereof was another nephew to Mutezuma. To admit their request he went with them to that town, and from thence to Me●ico was but two leagues, the which the next day he might go at pleasure; and come timely into the City, & in this order came to Iztacpalap●n.  
Every two hours came messengers betwixt Cortes and Mutezuma: then came Cuetlavac Lord of that town, with the Lord Culhuacan his hinsman 〈…〉 him, who presented unto him, slaves, ga●●ments, and feathers, and to the value of four thousand Ducats in gold. Cuetlanac received all the Spaniards into his own house, which hath very fair sod●ings all of stone and Carpenters work exceeding well wrought, with 〈◊〉 & low● rooms, with all kind of service: The chambers were hanged with cloth of Cotten, very rich, after their manner. There were fair gardens replenished with many sweet flowers, and sweet trees garnished with network, made of Canes, and covered with roses and other fine herbs, with sundry ponds of sweet water. There was an other garden very beautiful of all sorts of fruits and herbs, with a great pond walled with lime and stone, and was four hundredth paces square, made with fair steps to descend unto the bottom in many places, and was full of divers kinds of fishes, and many kind of water birds, which sometimes covered the pond, as Gulls. Mews, and such like. Iztacpallapan is a town of .10000. households, & is planted in a lake of salt water, the one half of the town built on the water, & the other on the land.   

The Solemn pomp wherewith Cortes was received into Mexico.  
FRom Iztacpalapan to Mexico is two leagues all upon a fair calsey, upon the which eight horsemen may pass on rank, and so directly strait as though it had been made by line. And who soever hath good eyesight might discern the gates of Mexico from thence. Coyoacan is a town of six thousand dwellers, Vizilopuchtli is of five thousand. These towns are planted in the lake, and are adorned with many temples, which have many fair towers, that do beautify excédingly the lake. There is great contractation of Salt, which is made there, and from thence is carried abroad to fairs and markets, which thing was a great rent to Mutezuma. Upon this Calsey are many draw bridges built upon fair arches that the water passeth through.  
Cortes passed this calsey with. 400. Spaniards. &. 6000. Indians his friends: their passage was with much ado, by reason of the great multitude of Indians which came to see him, & coming near the city, there adjoined another calsey with a brother passage, where standeth a strong bulwark of stone of the height of two fathom, with two towers on each side, and two gates very strong. Here at this fort came three thousand Courtiers and Citizens to receive him, & every of them touched the ground with his right hand and kissed it, and passed forwards in the order as they came. These salutations endured an hour & more. From the bulwark the calsey lieth directly, and before the eutraunce into the street there is an other drawebridge made of timber ten paces broad, under the which the water passeth too and fro. At this bridge came Mutezuma to receive Cortes under a Canopy of green feathers & gold with much argentery hanging thereat, which Canopy four noble men did carry. And the two princes Cuetlavac, and Cacama his nephews, did lead him by each arm: all three were rich apparelled & all of one fashion, except Mutezuma, which had a pair of shoes of gold beset with precious stones, and the soles were tied to the upper part with latchets, as is painted of the Antikes. His Gentlemen went by two and two laying down and taking up mantles and coverlets upon the ground, because his feet should not touch the same: then followed him as in procession. 200. noble men barefooted, with garments of a richer livery than the first three thousand. Mutezuma came in the midst of the street, and the others came behind him as nigh the wall as they might, their faces towards the ground, for it was a great offence to look him in the face. Cortes alighted from his horse, and according to our use went to embrace him, but the Princes who led him by the arms would not suffer him to come so nigh, for they held it for sin to touch him, but yet saluted each one the other.  
Cortes put about Mutezuma his neck a collar of Margarites, Diamonds, & other stones all of glass. Mutezuma received it thankfully, & went before with one of the princes his nephews, & commanded the other to lead Cortes by the hand next after him in the midst of the street: and proceeding forward in this order, than came the Gentlemen in the richest livery to welcome him one by one, touching the ground with their hands, & after returned to their standing. And if the Citizens had come as they requested, all that day would not have served for salutations. The collar of glass pleased well Mutezuma, and because he would not take without giving a better thing as a great prince, he commanded to be brought two collars of red prawns, which there are much esteemed, and at every one of them hanged eight shrimps of gold of excellent workmanship, & of a finger length every one, he put these collars with his own hands about Cortes his neck, the which was esteemed a most great favour, yea and the Indians marveled at it. At this time they were come to the street end, which was almost a mile long, broad, strait and very fair and full of houses on each side, in whose doors, windows and tops was such a multitude of Indians to behold the strangers, that I know not who wondered most, our men to see such a number of them, or else they to see our men, their ordinance & horses, a thing so strange unto them. They were brought unto a great court or house of idols, which was the lodging of Axaiaca, at the door whereof Mutezuma took Cortes by the hand and brought him into a fair hall, and placed him upon a rich carpet, saying unto him, Sir now are you in your own house, eat and take your rest & pleasure, for I will shortly come and visit you again. Such (as you hear) was the receiving of Hernando Cortes by Mutezuma a most mighty King, into his great and famous City of Mexico, the eight day of November. 1519.   

The Oration of Mutezuma to the spaniards.  
THe house where the Spaniards were lodged was great and large, with many fair chambers sufficient for them all: it was neat, clean matted, and hanged with cloth of Cotten, and feathers of many colours, pleasant to behold. When Mutezuma was departed from Cortes, he began to set his house in order, and placed the ordinance at his door, and having all his things in good sort, he went to a sumptuous dinner that was prepared for him. As soon as Mutezuma had made an end of his dinner hearing that the strangers were risen from the table, and reposed a while, then came he to Cortes, saluting him, and sat down by him. He gave unto him divers jewels of gold plate, feathers, and many garments of Cotten, both rich, well woven, & wrought of strange colours, a thing truly, that did manifest his greatness, and also confirm their imagination. This gift was delivered honourably, and then began his talk as followeth: Lord and Gentlemen, I do much rejoice to have in my house such valiant men as ye are, for to use you with courtesy, and entreat you with honour, according to your descrte and my estate. And where heretofore I desired that you should not come hither, the only cause was, my people had a great fear to see you, for your gesture & grim beards did terrify them, yea, they reported that ye had such beasts as swallowed men, and that your coming was from heaven, bringing with you lightning, thunder & thunderbolts, wherewith you made the earth to tremble & to shake, and that ye slew therewith whom ye pleased. But now I do see & know that you are mortal men, & that ye are quiet & hurt no man: also I have seen your horses, which are but your servants, and your Guns like unto shooting Trunks. I do now hold all for fables and lies which hath been reported of you, and I do also accept you for my near kinsmen. My father told me that he had heard his forefathers say, of whom I do descend, that they held opinion how they were not naturals of this land, but come hither by chance, 
A strange opinion.  in company of a mighty Lord, who after a while that they had abode here, they returned to their native soil: After many years expired, they came again for those whom they had left here behind them, but they would not go with them, because they had here inhabited, and had wives and children, and great government in the land. Now these mighty Lords seeing that they were so stubborn, and would not return with them, departed from them sore displeased, saying, that he would send his children that should both rule and govern them, in justice, peace, and ancient Religion, and for this consideration, we have always expected and believed, that such a people should come to rule and govern us, and considering from whence you come, I do think that you are they whom we looked for, and the notice which the great Emperor Charles had of us, who hath now sent you hither. Therefore Lord and Captain, be well assured, that we will obey you, if there be no feigned or deceitful matter in your dealings, and will also divide with you and yours all that we have. And although this which I have said were not only for your virtue, fame, and deeds of valiant Gentlemen, I would yet do it for your worthiness in the battles of Tavasco, Teocazinco, and Chololla, being so few, to overcome so many.  
Now again, if ye imagine that I am a God, and the walls and roufes of my houses, and all my vessel of service to be of pure gold, as the men of Zempoallan, Tlaxcallan, and Huexozinco have informed you, it is not so, and I judge you to be so wise, that you give no credit to such fables. You shall also note, that through your coming hither, many of my subjects have rebelled, and are become my mortal enemies, but yet I purpose to break their wings. Come feel you my body, I am of flesh and bone, a mortal man as others are and no God, although as a King I do esteem myself of a greater dignity and pre-eminence than others. My houses you do also see, which are of timber and earth, and the principallest of Mason's work, therefore now you do both know and see what odious liars those tale-bearers were. But troth it is, that gold plate, feathers, armour, jewels, and other riches, I have in the treasury of my forefathers a long time preserved, as the use of Kings is, all the which you & yours shall enjoy at all times. And now it may please you to take your rest, for I know that you are weary of your journey. Cortes with joyful countenance humbled himself, seeing some tears fall from Mutezuma his eyes, saying unto him, upon the trust I have had in your clemency, I insisted to come both to see and talk with your highness, and now I know that all are lies which hath been told me. The like your highness hath heard reported of us, assure yourself, that the Emperor King of Spain is your natural Lord, whom ye have expected for, he is the only heir from whence your lineage doth proceed, and as touching the offer of your highness treasure, I do most heartily thank you.  
After all this communication, Mutezuma demanded whether the bearded men which came with him, were either his vassals or his slaves, because he would entertain each one according to his estate. Cortes answered, 
A loving ●●uswere.  that they were all his brethren, friends, and fellows, except some that were his servants.  
Then he departed, and went home to his Palace, and there informed himself particularly who were Gentlemen, and who were not, and according thereunto, sent every one particular gift or present. To the Gentlemen he sent the reward by his Controller, and to the Mariners & other servitors, by a Page of his household.   

The Majesty and order, wherewith Mutezuma was served.  
MVtezuma was a man of a small stature and lean, his colour tawny as all the Indians are. He had long hear on his head, six little hears upon him, as though they had been put in with a bodkin. His thin beard was black. He was a man of fair condition, and a doer of justice, well spoken, grave and wise, beloved and feared among his subjects. Mutezuma doth signify sadness.  
To the proper names of Kings and Lords, they do add this syllable C. which is for courtesy and dignity, as we use Lord. The Turk useth Zultan. The Moor or Barbarian calleth his Lord muley, and so the Indians say Mutezumazin. His people had him in such reverence, that he permitted none to sit in his sight, nor yet in his presence to wear shoes, nor look him in the face, except very few Princes. He was glad of the conversation of the spaniards, and would not suffer them to stand on foot, for the great estimation he had of them, and if he liked any of the spaniards garments, he would exchange his apparel for theirs.  
He changed his own apparel four times every day, and he never clothed himself again with the garments which he had once worn, but all such were kept in his Guardrobe, for to give in presents to his servants and Ambassadors, and unto valiant soldiers which had taken any enemy prisoner, and that was esteemed a great reward, and a title of privilege.  
The costly mantles whereof had been divers sent to Cortes, were of the same Guardrobe.  
Mutezuma went always very net and fine in his attire. He bathed him in his hotehouse four times every day. He went seldom out of his Chamber, but when he went to his meat. He eat always alone, but solemnly and with great abundance. His table was a pillow, or else a couple of coloured skins. His Chair was a fourfooted stole made of one piece, and hollow in the midst, well wrought and painted. His table clotheses, napkins and towels were made of Cotten will, very white and new, for he was never served but once with that naperie. Four hundred Pages brought in his meat, all sons of great Lords, and placed it upon a table in his great Hall. The meat being brought in, than came Mutezuma to behold the dishes, and appointed those dishes that liked him best, and chase dishes were prepared to keep that moat warm, and seldom would eat of any other dish, except the Lord Steward or Controller should highly commend any other dish.  
Before he sat down, came twenty of his wives of the fairest and best esteemed, or else those that served weekly by turn, brought in the basin and ewer, with great humbleness. This done, he sat him down, and then came the Lord Steward, and drew a wooden net before him, because none should come nigh his table. And this noble man alone placed the dishes, and also took them away, for the Pages who brought in the meat came not near the table, nor yet spoke any word, nor no man else.  
While the Lord Mutezuma was at his meat, except some jester, they all served him barefooted. There assisted always somewhat a far off, six ancient and noble men, unto whom he used to give of the dish that best liked him, who received the same at his hand with great reverence, and eat it incontinent, without looking in his face, which was the greatest humility that they could use before him. He had music of Fiddle, Flute, and of a Snail shell, and a cauldron covered with a skin, and such other strange instruments. They had very evil voices to sing. Always at dinner time he had Dwarves, crookebackes, and other deformed counterfeits, all for majesty and to laugh at, who had their meat in the Hall among the jesters and Idyots, which were fed with part of the meat that came from Mutezuma his table, all the rest of the meat was given to three thousand of the Guard, who attended ordinarily in the yard or court, and therefore they say that there was brought for his table three thousand dishes, and as many pots of wine, such as they use, and that continually the buttery and Pantrey stood open, which was a wonder to see what was in them. The platters, dishes, and cups, were all of earth, whereof the King was served but once, and so from meal to meal new. He had likewise his service of gold and plate very rich, but he used not to be served with it, (they say) because he would not be served twice therewith, the which he thought a base thing. Some affirm, that young children were slain and dressed in divers kind of dishes for Mutezuma his table, but it was not so, only of man's flesh sacrificed he fed now and then. The table being taken up, then came again the Gentlewomen to bring water for his hands, with the like reverence as they used at the first, and then went they to dinner with the other wives, so that then the Gentlemen and Pages waited as their course fell.   

The footeplayers that played before Mutezuma.  
WHen his table was taken up, and his servitors gone to meat, Mutezuma sat still: then came in the suitors that had any affairs to deal with him, barefooted, for all the persons did use that reverence, except some Princes his kinsmen, as the Lords of Tescuco, and Tlacopan, and a few others: and being cold weather, they used to wear old ragged clotheses upon their rich garments. All suitors used to make three or four courtesies, not looking toward his face, and speaking unto him their heads downwards, and in that order retired back again. Mutezuma answered his suitors very gravely, with low voice, and in few words, and not to all suitors, for others his secretaries or counsellors that stood by, answered for him, and having their answer, they returned backwards, not turning their tails to the prince. After these businesses done, he used some recreation, hearing jesters or songs, wherein he delighted much, or else to look upon the players, who play with their feet, as we do with our hands. These have a cudgel like unto a pastlers roller, which they toss high and low, as it were a bal in the air, strange to behold. They use other plays to pass the time, in such an order, that it seemed marvelous to the lookers on. Cortes brought into Spain some of these players. Also they use Matachines', in such sort they do play, that they stand each upon others shoulders, and he that standeth highest, showeth many feats. Sometime Mutezuma did behold the players, who played at a game called Patoliztli, which is much like our Tables, and they play with beans, squared like dice, which they call Patolli, and throw them out of both their hands upon a mat, or else upon the ground, where are made certain strikes, upon which they set down the chance that is thrown: and at this game they play all that they have, and many times they value their own bodies, and play that into captivity, and to remain a slave, I mean such as are common gamesters of small estate.   

The Tennis play in Mexico.  
SOmetimes Mutezuma went to the Tennis Court. Their ball is called Villamaliztli, and is made of the gum which cometh from a tree called Vlli. This tree groweth in a hot Country. The gum being kneaded together, and so made round, is as black as pitch, and somewhat heavy, and very hard for the hand, but yet good and light to rebound, and better than our windballes. They play not at chases, but at bandy, or at check, that is, if the ball touch the wall it loseth. They may strike the ball with any part of their body, but there is always a penalty if they only strike not with the buttoke or side, which is the finest play: wherefore they use a skin upon each butttocke. They play so many to so many for a pack of mantles, or according to the ability of the players. Also they play for gold and feathers, and sometime for their own bodies, as they use at Patolli, which is there permitted & lawful. The Tennis Court is called Tlachco, and is a Hall long and narrow, but wider upwards, than downwards, and higher on the sides than at the ends, which is an industry for their play. The house is always white and smooth in the side walls: they have certain stones like unto millstones, with a little hole in the midst that passeth through the stone, the hole is so small, that scarcely the ball may pass through, but he that chanceth to strike the ball into the hole, which seldom happeneth, winneth the game, and by an ancient law and custom among Tennis players, he aught to have the cloaks of all those that stand and behold the play, on that side that the ball went in, and in some Tennis Courts, the half of the garments of them that stand looking on. The winner is then bound to make certain sacrifice to the God of the Tennis play, and to the stone where the ball entered. The beholders of the play would say, that such a winner should be a thief and an adulterer, or else that he should die quickly.  
They used in the Temple of the Tennis play two Images of the God of the ball, which stood upon the two lower walls. Their Sacrifice was celebrated at midnight, with many Ceremonies and Witchcrafts, and songs for that purpose. Then came a Priest from the Cathedral Church, with other Religious persons to bless the Sacrifice, saying certain devilish prayers, and throwing the ball four times in the Tennis Court. In this order was the Tennis play consecrated, and after this consecration it was lawful to play, or else not, for this diligence was first to be done when any Tennis Court or play was newly built.  
The owner of the Tennis Court also would never suffer any to play, until he had first offered something to the Idol, their superstition was so great.  
Mutezuma brought the spaniards to behold this pastime, and gave them to understand, that he delighted much in this game, and also to see our men play at Cards and Dice.   

The number of wives that Mutezuma had in his house.  
MVtezuma had many houses as well in Mexico as without, for his recreation and pleasure, as also for his ordinary dwelling. To writ of all it should be tedious, but where his continual abiding was, he named Tepac, that is to say, Palace. And that Palace had twenty doors or gates which had their outcomming into the common streets.  
It hath three courts, and in the one standeth a fair fountain, many halls, and a hundred chambers of twentie-thrée, and thirty foot long, an hundred baths & hothouses: and although the building was without nails, yet very good workmanship.  
The walls were made of masons work, and wrought of Marble, jaspe, and other black stone, with veins of red, like unto rubies and other stones, which glistered very fair: the Roofs were wrought of Timber, and curiously carved: the Timber was cedar, Cipers, & Pinetree: the chambers were painted and hung with cloth of cotton, and cloth made of Conneys' hair and feathers. The beds were poor and of no value, for they were nothing but Mantles laid upon mats, or upon Hay, or else mats alone: few men lay within those houses.  
There were a thousand women, and some affirm that there were three thousand, accounting gentlewomen, servants and slaves: the most were noble men's daughters, Mutezuma took of them for himself, those that liked him best, and the others he gave in marriage to Gentlemen his servants.  
The saying was that he had at one time a hundredth & fifty women his wives with child, who through the persuasion of the Devil took Medicines to cast their creatures, because they knew that they should not inherit the state: these his wives had many old women for their Guard, for no man was permitted to look upon them.  
The shield of arms that is set in his palace, and likewise carried to the wars, is an Eagle soaring upon a Tiger his talents bent as taking pray. Some think it is a Gryphon and not an Egle. The Griffins in time paste, say they, did 'cause the vale of Auacatlan to be dispeopled, for they were great devourers of men, and that their abiding was in the Mountains of Teoacan: they approve that these Mountains were called Cuitlachtepelt, of Cuitlachtli, which is a Gryphon bigger than a Lion: but the Spaniards did never see any of them.  
The Indians by their old Pictures do paint those Griffins to have a kind of hear and no feathers, and also affirm, that with their talandes & teeth they break men's bones. They have the courage of a Lion and the countenance of an Eagle: they paint him with four feet, and teeth, with a kind of down more like wool than feathers, with his beak, talandes and wings.  
And in all those things the picture agreeth with our painting and writing, in such sort that a Gryphon is no approved natural Fowl, nor yet beast. Pliny judgeth this tale of Griffins to be lies. There are also other Lords that give the Gryphon in their arms, flying with a heart in his Talandes.   

A house of Fowl, which were only preserved for their feathers.  
MVtezuma had another house, with very good lodgings and fair galleries, built upon pillars of jaspe, which extendeth toward a goodly garden, in the which there are ten ponds or more, some of salt water for sea foul, & other some of fresh water for river foul and lake foul, which ponds are devised with sluyses to empty & to fill at their pleasure for the cleanness of the feathers. There is such a number of foul, that scarcely the ponds may hold them, and of such divers kinds both in feathers and making, as sure it was an admiration for the Spaniards to behold, for the most of them they knew not, nor yet had at any time seen the like. And to every kind of foul they gave such bait as they were wont to feed of in the fields or Rivers. There did belong to that house three hundred persons of service: some were to cleanse the ponds: other some did fish for bait: other some served them with meat: other did lose them and trim their feathers: others had care to look to their eggs: others to set them abroad: others cured them when they were sick: and the principallest office was to pluck the feathers: for of them was made rich Mantles, Tapissarie, Targets, tufts of feathers, and many other things wrought with Gold and Silver: a most perfit work.   

A house of foul for hawking and other strange things.  
THere is another house with large quarters & lodgings, which is called a house for foul, not because there are more than in the other, but because they be bigger and to hawk withal, and are foul of rapine, wherefore they are esteemed as more nobler than all the others.  
There are in this house many high halls, in the which are kept men, women and Children: in some of them are kept such as are borne white of colour, which doth very seldom happen: in other some are dwarves, crokebackes, burstenmen, counterfeits, and monstrous persons, in great number: they say that they used to deform them when they were children, to set forth the king's greatness: every of these persons were in several halls by themselves.  
In the lower halls were great Cages made of Timber: in some of them were Lions, in other Tigers, in other Ownzes, in others Wolves: in conclusion, there was no four footed beast that wanted there, only to the effect that the mighty Mutezuma might say that he had such things in his house.  
They were fed with their ordinary, as Gynea cocks, Dear, Dogs, and such like.  
There was also in other halls great Earthen vessels, some with earth, and some with water, wherein were snakes, as gross as a man's thigh, Viper's Crocodrilles, which they call Caymanes, or Lizarts of twenty foot long, with such Scales and head as a Dragon hath: Also other little Lisarts, and other venomous beasts and Serpents as well of the water as of the land, a terrible fight for the lookers on.  
There were also other Cages for foul of rapine of all sorts, as Hawks, Kyghtes, Boyters, and at the lest nine or ten kind of Hawks. This house of foul had of daily allowance five hundred Gynea cocks, and three hundred men of service, besides the Falconers and Hunters, which are infinite. There were many other sorts of Fowls that our men know not, which seemed by their beak and talents good to Hawk withal.  
To the Snakes and other venomous beasts they gave the blood of men sacrificed, to feed them, and some say they gave unto them mannes flesh, which the great Lysarts do eat very well. The Spaniards saw the flower covered with blood like a iealy in a slaughter house, it stonke horribly.  
It was strange to see the officers in this house how every one was occupied. Our men took great pleasure in beholding such strange things, but they could not away with the roaring of the Lions, the fearful hissing of the Snakes and Adders, the doleful howling and barking of the Wolves, the sorrowful yelling of the Ownzes & Tigers, when they would have meat.  
Most certain, in the night season it seemed a Dungeon of Hell, and a dwelling place of the Devil, and even so it was in deed, for near at hand was a Hall of a hundred & fifty foot long, and thirty foot broad, where was a Chapel with the Roof of silver and gold in leaf Wainescotted, and decked with great store of pearl and stone, as Agattes, Cornerines, Emeralds, Rubies, and diverse other sorts, and this was the Oratory where Mutezuma prayed in the night season, and in that chapel the Devil did appear unto him, and gave him answer according to his prayers.  
He had other houses like unto Barnes, only for the feathers of fowls, and for mantles which proceeded of his rents and tributes, a thing much to be seen: upon the doors was set his arms, which was a Cony.  
Here dwelled the chief officers of his house, as treasurer, Controller, receivers and other officers appertaining to the King's revenues. Mutezuma had no house wherein was not an oratory for the Devil, whom they worshipped for the jewels there. And therefore those houses were great and large.   

The Armoury of Mutezuma.  
MVtezuma had some houses of Armour, upon the doors whereof stood a bow and arrows. In these houses was great store of all kind of munition which they use in their wars: as Bows, Arrows, Slings, Lances, Darts, Clubs, sword and Bucklers, and gallant Targets more trim than strong, Skulls and Splintes, but not many, and all made of wood, guilt or covered with leather. The wood whereof they make their Armour and Targets, is very hard and strong, for they use to toast it at the fire, and at their arrow ends they enclose a little piece of flint stone, or a piece of a fish bone called Libisa, and that is venomous, for if any he hurt therewith and the head remain in the wound, it so festereth, that it is almost incurable.  
Their sword are of wood, and the edge thereof is flint stone, enclosed or joined into a staff, with a certain kind of glue which is made of a root called Zacolt and Teuxalli, which is a kind of strong sand, whereof they make a mixture, and after kneade it with blood of Bats or Rearemices and other foul, which doth glue marvelous strong, and lightly never uncleaveth: of this stuff they make nails, pearcers, & ogars, wherewith they bore timber & stone: with their sword they cut spears, yea and a horse neck at a blow, and make dentes into iron, which seemeth a thing unpossible and incredible. In the City no man may wear weapon, but only in wars, hunting, and among the king's Guard.   

The Gardens of Mutezuma.  
BEsides the foresaid houses he had many others for his only recreation and pastime, with excellent fair gardens of medicinal herbs, sweet flowers, and trees of delectable savour, which were many, and a thing to give praise to God the maker and creator of all.  
In that Garden were a thousand personages, made and wrought artificially of leaves and flowers. Mutezuma would not permit that in this Garden should be any kind of pot Herbs, or things to be sold, saying, that it did not appertain to Kings to have things of profit among their delights and pleasures, for such things (said he) did appertain to Merchants.  
Yet notwithstanding he had Orchards with many and sundry fruits, but they stood far from the City, and whither seldom times he went: he had likewise out of Mexico pleasant houses in woods and forests, of great compass, environed with water, in the which he had fountains, rivers, ponds with fish, warrants of Conneys, rocks & covert where were Hearts, Bucks, Hares, Foxes, Wolves, and such like, with wilderness for every sort.  
To these places the Lords of Mexico, used to go and sport themselves, such and so many were the houses of Mutezuma, wherein few Kings were equal with him.   

The court and Guard of Mutezuma.  
HE had daily attending upon him in his privy guard six hundred noble men and gentlemen, and each of them three or four servants, and some had twenty servants or more, according to his estate: and in this manner he had three thousand men attendant in his court, and some affirm more, all the which were fed in his house of the meat that came from his table.  
The serving men always abode below in the court all the day, and went not from thence till after Supper.  
It is to be thought that his Guard was the greater, because the strangers were there, although in effect of troth it is most certain, that all the Lords that are under the Mexicall Empire (as they say) are thirty persons of high estate, who are able to make each of them a hundred thousand men. There are three thousand Lords of Towns, who have many vassals.  
These noble men did abide in Mexico certain time of the year, in the Court of Mutezuma, and could not depart from thence without especial licence of the Emperor, leaving each of them a son or brother behind them for security of Rebellion, and for this cause they had generally houses in the City: such and so great was the court of Mutezuma.   

The great subjection of the Indians to their King.  
THere is not in all the dominions of Mutezuma any subject that payeth not tribute unto him. The noblemen pay their tribute in personal service. The husbandmen called Macevaltin, with body & goods. In this sort they are either tenants, or else heirs to their possessions. Those which are heirs, do pay one third part of all their fruit and commodity that they do reap or bring up, as Dogs, Hens, Fowl, conies, Gold, Silver, Stones, Salt, Wax, Honey, Mantles, Feathers, Cotten, and a certain fruit called Cacao, that serveth for money, and also to eat. Also all kind of grain, and garden Herbs and fruits, whereof they do maintain themselves.  
The tenants do pay monthly or yearly as they can agree, and because their tribute is great, they are called slaves, for when they may have licence to eat eggs, they think it a great favour. It was reported that they were taxed what they should eat, and all the residue was taken from them. They went very poorly clothed, yea and the most of their treasure was an earthen pot, wherein they boiled their herbs, a couple of Millstones to grind their Corn, and a mat to lie upon. They did not only pay this rent and tribute, but also served with their bodies at all times when the great King should command. They were in such great subjection to their prince, that they durst not speak one word, although their daughters should be taken from them to be used at their pleasure. It was reported, that of every three sons, they delivered one to be sacrificed, but the report was false, for if it had been true, the Towns had not been so replenishend with people as they were: and also the noble men did not eat man's flesh, but only of those which were sacrificed, and they were slaves or prisoners taken in the wars. Assuredly they were cruel butchers, and slew yearly for that bloody sacrifice many men, and some children, but not so many as was reported. All the aforesaid rents they brought to Mexico upon their backs and in boats, I mean so much as was necessary for the provision of the house and Court of Mutezuma, all the residue was spent among soldiers, and bartered for gold, plate, precious stones, and other rich jewels, esteemed of Princes, all the which was brought to the treasury. In Mexico was large and great barns and houses to receive and keep the Corn for provision of the City, with officers and underofficers, who did receive the same, and kept account thereof in books of painted figures. Also in every Town was a receiver, who bore in his hand a rod or a bush of feathers, and those gave up their accounts in Mexico. If any such had been taken with deceit and falsehood, death was his reward, yea and his kindred punished with penalties, as of a lineage of a Traitor to his Prince. The husbandmen, if they paid not well their tribute, were apprehended for the same, and if they were found to be poor through sickness and infirmity, than they were borne withal, but if they were found to be lazy and slothful, they should be used accordingly: but in conclusion, if they paid it not at a day appointed, than they should be sold for slaves to pay their debt, or else be sacrificed.  
There were many other provinces, which paid a certain portion, and reknowledged service, but this tribute was more of honour than profit. In this sort Mutezuma had more than sufficient to provide his house & wars, and to heap up great store in his treasury. Moreover, he spent nothing in the buildings of his houses, for of long time he had certain towns that paid no other tribute, but only to work and repair continually his houses at their own proper cost, and paid all kind of workmen, carrying upon their backs, or drawing in sleds, stone, lime, timber, water, and all other necessaries for the work. Likewise they were bound to provide all the fierwod that should be spent in the Court, which was a great thing, and did amount to 230. hundred weight a day, which was five hundred men's burdens, and some days in the winter much more. And for the King's attorneys they brought the bark of Oak trees, which was best esteemed for the light thereof, for they were great sorcerers. Mutezuma had 100 cities with their provinces, of whom he received rents, tributes, & vassalage, where he maintained garrison of soldiers, & had treasurers in each of them. His dominion did extend from the North sea to the South sea, & 600. miles in longitude within the main land, although in very deed there were some towns, as Tlaxcallon, Mechuacan, Panuco, and Teocantepec, which were his enemies, and paid him neither tribute nor service: but yet the ransom was much, when any of them were taken.  
Also there were other kings and noble men, as of Tezcuco and Tlacopan, which were not in subjection unto him, but only in homage and obedience, for they were of his own lineage, unto whom Mutezuma married his daughters.   

The situation of Mexico.  
MExico at the time when Cortes entered, was a City of sixty thousand houses. The King's house and other noble men's houses were great, large, and beautiful, the others were small and roynish, without either doors or windows: and although they were small, yet there dwelled in some of them two, three, yea and ten persons, by reason whereof, the City was wonderfully replenished with people.  
This City is built upon the water, even in the same order as Venice is. All the body of the City standeth in a great large lake of water. There is three sorts of streets very broad and fair, the one sort are only of water, with many bridges, an other sort of only earth, and the third of earth and water, that is to say, the one half earth to walk upon, and the other half for boats to bring provision of all sorts. These streets are kept always clean, and the most part of the houses have two doors, the one toward the calsey, and the other toward the water, at the which they take boat to go where they list. And although this City is founded upon water, yet the same water is not good to drink, wherefore there is brought by conduit water from a place called Chapult●pec, three miles distant from the City, which springeth out of a little hill, at the foot whereof standeth two Statues or covered Images wrought in stone, with their Targets and Lances, the one is of Mutezuma, and the other of Axaiaca his father.  
The water is brought from thence in two pipes or Canalls in great quantity, and when the one is foul, than all the water is conveyed into the other, till the first be made clean. From this fountain all the whole City is provided, so that they go selling the same water from street to street in little boats, and do pay a certain tribute for the same.  
This City is divided into two streets, the one was called Tlatelulco, that is to say, a little Island, and the other Mexico, where Mutezuma his dwelling and court was, & is to be interpreted a spring. This street is the fairest and most principal, and because of the King's palace there, the City was named Mexico, although the old and first name of the City was Tenuchtitlan, which doth signify fruit out of stone, for the name is compounded of Tetl, which is, stone, and Nuchtli, which is fruit, called in Cuba, Tunas. The tree that beareth this fruit, is named Nopal, and is nothing almost but leaves of a foot broad and round, and three inches thick, some more, and some less, according to the growth, full of thorns which are venomous: the leaf is green, and the thorn or prick russet. After that it is planted, it increaseth, growing leaf unto leaf, and the foot thereof cometh to be as the body of a free, and one leaf doth not only produce another at the point, but at the sides of the same leaves proceedeth other leaves: And because here in Spain is of the same trees and fruit, it needeth no further description.  
In some provinces where water is scant, they use to drink the juice of these leaves. The fruit thereof called Nuchtli, is like unto figs, and even so hath his little kernels or grains within, but they are somewhat larger, and crowned like unto a Meddler. There are of them of sundry colours, some are green without, and Carnationlike within, which have a good taste. Others are yellow, and others white, and some speckled: the best sort are the white: it is a fruit that will last long.  
Some of them tasteth of pears, and other some of Grapes: it is a cold and a fresh fruit, and best esteemed in the heat of Summer. The spaniards do more esteem them than the Indians. The more the ground is laboured where they grow, the fruit is so much the better.  
There is yet another kind of this fruit red, and that is nothing esteemed, although his taste is not evil, but because it doth colour and die the eaters mouth, lips, and apparel, yea and maketh his urine look like pure blood. Many spaniards at their first coming into India, and eating this fruit, were in a maze, and at their wits end, thinking that all the blood in their bodies came out in urine: yea and many Physicians at their first coming were of the same belief: for it hath happened, when they have been sent for unto such as have eaten this fruit, they not knowing the cause, and beholding the urine, by and by they ministered medicine to staunch blood: surely a thing to laugh at, to see the Physicians so deceived. Of this fruit Nuchtli and Tetl, which is a stone, is compounded Tenuchtlitan, When this City was begun to be founded, it was placed near unto a great stone that stood in the midst of the lake, at the foot whereof grew one of these Nopal trees, and therefore Mexico giveth for arms and devise the foot of a Nopal tree springing from a stone, according to the City's name.  
Others do affirm, that this City hath the name of his first founder, called Tenuch, being the second son of Iztacmixcoatl, whose sons and descendentes did first inhabit this land of Ananac, called now new Spain.  
Howsoever the opinions are, certain it is that the situation is called Tenuchtlitan, and the dwellers there Tenuchea Mexico.  
Mexico is as much to say, as a spring or fountain, according to the property of the vowel and speech.  
Others do affirm, that Mexico hath his name of a more ancient time, whose first founders were called Mexiti, for unto this day the Indian dwellers in one street of this city are called of Mexica. The Mexiti took name of their principallest Idol called Mexitli, who was in as great veneration as Vitzilopuchtli, God of the war.  
Mexico is environed with sweet water, and hath three ways to come unto it by calsey, the one is from the West, and that calsey is a mile and a half long. Another from the North, and containeth three miles in length. Eastward the City hath no entry. But southward the Calsey is two miles long, which was the way that Cortes entered into the City.  
The lake that Mexico is planted in, although it seemeth one, yet it is two, for the one is of water saltish, bitter, and pestiferous, and no kind of fish liveth in it. And the other water is wholesome, good and sweet, and bringeth forth small fish.  
The salt water ebbeth and floweth, according to the wind that bloweth. The sweet water standeth higher, so that the good water falleth into the evil, and reverteth not backward, as some hold opinion. The salt lake containeth fifteen miles in breadth and fifteen in length, and more than five and forty in circuit, and the lake of sweet water containeth even as much, in such sort, that the whole lake containeth more than thirty leagues, and hath about fifty towns situated round about it, many of which Towns do contain five thousand households, and some ten thousand, yea and one Town called Tezcuco, is as big as Mexico. All this lake of water springeth out of a Mountain that standeth within sight of Mexico. The cause that the one part of the lake is brackish or saltish, is, that the bottom or ground is all salt, and of that water great quantity of salt is daily made.  
In this great lake are above two hundred thousand little boats, which the Indians call Acalles, and the spaniards call them Canoas', according to the speech of Cuba and Santo Domingo, wrought like a kneding trough: some are bigger than other some, according to the greatness of the body of the tree whereof they are made. And where I number two hundred thousand of these boats, I speak of the lest, for Mexico alone hath above fifty thousand ordinarily to carry and bring unto the City victual, provision, and passengers, so that on the market day all the streets of water are full of them.   

The Market place of Mexico.  
THe Market is called in the Indian tongue Tlanquiztli: every parish hath his Market place to buy and sell in: but Mexico, and Tlatelulco only, which are that chiefest cities, have great fairs and places fit for the same, and especially Mexico hath one place where most days in the year is buying and selling, but every fourth day is the great Market ordinarily: and the like custom is used throughout the dominions of Mutezuma.  
This place is wide and large, compassed round about with doors, and is so great, that a hundred thousand persons come thither to chop and change, as a City most principal in all that region. Wherefore the resort is from far parties unto that place. Every occupation and kind of Merchandise hath his proper place appointed, which no other may by any means occupy or disturb. Likewise pesterous wares have their place accordingly, (that is to say) stone, timber, lime, brick, and all kind of stuff unwrought, being necessary to build withal. Also mats both fine and course of sundry workmanship, also coals, wood, and all sorts of Earthen vessel glazed and painted very curiously: Dear skins both raw and tanned in hair and without hair, of many colours, for shoemakers, for bucklers, Targets, jerkins, and lining of wooden Corselets: also skins of other beasts and foul in feathers ready dressed of all sorts, the colours and strangeness thereof was a thing to behold. The richest Merchandise was salt, and mantles of Cotten wool of divers colours, both great and small, some for beds others for garments and clothing, other for Tapissarie to hung houses, other cotton cloth for linen breaches, shirts, table clotheses, towels, napkins, and such like things.  
There were also Mantles made of the leaves of the tree called Metl, and of Palm tree, & Connie hear, which are well esteemed, being very warm, but the coverlets made of feathers are the best: they cell thread made of Connie hear, pieces of linen cloth made of cotton wool, also skeins of thread of all colours: also it is strange to see the great store of poultry that is brought to that market, and although they eat the flesh of the foul, yet the feathers serve for clothing, mixing one sort with another. There are of these foul so many sorts and several colours, that I can not number them: some wild, some tame, some water foul, and other some of rapine. All the bravery of the market, is the place where gold and feathers jointly wrought is sold, for any thing that is in request is there lively wrought in gold and feathers and gallant colours. The Indians are so expert and perfit in this science, that they will work or make a Butter fly, any wild beast, trees, roses, flowers, herbs, roots or any other thing so lively, that it is a thing marvelous to behold. It happeneth many times that one of these workmen in a whole day will eat nothing, only to place one feather in his due perfection, turning and tossing the feather to the light of the Sun, into the shade or dark place, to see where is his most natural perfection, and till his work be finished he will neither eat nor drink. There are few nations of so much phlegm or sufferance. The Art or Science of Goldsmiths among them is the most curious, and very good workmanship engraven with tolls made of flint, or in mould. They will cast a platter in mould with eight corners, and every corner of several metal, that is to say, the one of gold, and the other of silver, without any kind of sowder: they will also found or cast a little cauldron with lose handles hanging thereat, as we use to cast a Bell: they will also cast in mould a fish of metal with one scale of silver on his back and another of gold: they will make a Parrot or Popingay of metal, that his tongue shall shake, and his head move, & his wings flutter: they will cast an Ape in mould, that both hands & feet shall stir, & hold a spindle in his hand seeming to spin, yea and an apple in his hand as though he would eat it. Our Spaniards were not a little amazed at the sight of these things, for our Goldsmiths are not to be compared unto them. They have skill also of Amell work, and to set any precious stone. But now as touching the market, there is to cell Gold, Silver, Copper, lead, Latton, and Tin, although there is but little of the three last metals mentioned. There are Pearls, Precious stones, divers and sundry sorts of Shells, and Bones, Sponges, and other peddlers ware, which certainly are many and strange sorts, yea and a thing to laugh at their Haberdashe toys and trifles. There are also many kind of herbs, roots, and seeds, as well to be eaten as for Medicine, for both men, women and children have great knowledge in herbs, for through poverty and necessity, they seek them for their sustenance and help of their infirmities and diseases. They spend little among Physicians, although there are some of that Art, and many Apothecaries, who do bring into the market, ointments, Siroppes, waters, and other drugs fit for sick Persons: they cure all diseases almost, with herbs, yea as much as for to kill lice they have a proper herb for the purpose.  
The several kinds of meats to be sold is without number, as Snakes without head & tail, little Dogs gelte, Moules, Rats, Long worms, lice, yea and a kind of earth, for at one season in the yiere they have Nets of mail with the which they rake up a certain dust that is bred upon the water of the lake of Mexico, and that is knéeded together like unto oas of the sea: they gather much of this victual, & keep it in heaps, & make thereof cakes like unto brickebats: they cell not only this ware in the market, but also sand it abroad to other fairs & markets a far of: they eat this meat with as good stomach as we eat cheese, yea and they hold opinion that this scum or fatness of the water, is the cause that such great number of foul cometh to the lake, which in the winter season is infinite.  
They sell in this market venison by quarters or whole, as Does, Hares, Coneys, and Dogs, and many other beasts, which they bring up for the purpose, and take in hunting. There are a great number of shops that cell all kind of orfall and tripes. It is a wonder to see how so much meat ready dressed could be spent. There is also flesh and fish roasted, boiled and baked, Pies and Eustardes made of divers sorts of eggs, the great quantity of bread is without number. Also corn of all sorts threshed and unthreshed. The great store of sundry kinds of fruits is marvelous which are there sold, both green and ripe: there is one sort as big as Almonds called Cacao, which is both meat and curxant money. There are divers kind of colours to be sold, which they make of Roses, flowers, fruits, barks of trees, and other things very excellent: they cell there Honey of sundry kinds, oil of Chian, made of a seed like unto mustard seed, and oynting any painted cloth therewith, the water can not hurt it, they also dress there with their meat, although they have both butter and lard. Their sundry sorts of wines shallbe declared in an other plate: it would be a prolirious thing to rehearse all the things that are to be sold in that market. There are in this fair many Artificers, as Packers, Barbers, Cutlers, & many others, although it was thought that among these Indians were none such. All the things recited, and many others which I speak not of, are sold in every market of Mexico, all the solers pay a certain sum for their shops or stand to the King, as a custom, & they to be preserved and defended from thieves: and for that cause there go certain Sergeants or officers up & down the market to espy out malefactors. In the midst of the market standeth a house which may be seene-throughout the fair, & there sitteth twelve aunc●ent men for judges to dispatch law matters: their buying and selling is to change one ware for another, as thus, one giveth a hen for a bundle of Maiz, other give mantles for salt, or money which is Cacao, and this is their order to chop and change: they have measure and strike for all kind of corn, and other earthen measures for Honey and Wine, and if any measure be falsified, they punish the offenders and break their measures.   

The great Temple of Mexico.  
THe Temple is called Teucalli, that is to say, God's house, Teutl signifieth God, & Calianax is a house, a vowel very fit, if that house had been of the true God. The Spaniards that understand not the language, do pronounce and call those Temples Cues, and the God Vitzilopuchtli, Vchilob●s. There are in Mexico many parish churches, with towers, wherein are chapels and Altars where the images & idols do stand, & those chapels do serve for burial places of their founders, and the Parishioners are buried in the Churchyard. All their temples are of one fashion, therefore it shall be now sufficient to speak of the cathedral church. And even as those temples are all in general of one making in that city. Idoe believe that the like was never seen nor hard off. This temple is square, & doth contain every way as much ground as a crossbow can reach level: it is made of stone, with four doors that abutteth upon the three calseys, and upon an other part of the City, that hath no calsey but a fair street.  
In the midst of this Quadern standeth a mount of earth and stone square likewise, and fifty fathom long every way, built upward like unto a pyramid of Egypt, saving the top is not sharp but plain and flat, and ten fathom square: upon the west side, are steps up to the top, and were in number and hundredth and fourteen, which being so many, high, and made of good stone did seem a beautiful thing. It was a strange sight to behold the Priests, some going up and some down with ceremonies, or with men to be sacrificed. Upon the top of this Temple are two great Altars, a good space distant the one from the other, and so nigh the edge or brim of the wall, that scarcely a man might go behind them at pleasure. The one Altar standeth on the ●ight hand, & the other on the left, they were but of five foot high, each of them had the hack part made of stone, painted with monstrous and foul figures, the Chapel was fair & well wrought of Mason's work & timber, every Chapel had three lofts one above another, sustained upon pillars, & with the height thereof it showed like unto a fair tower, and beautified the City a far of: from thence a man might see all the eittie and towns round about the lake, which was undoubtedly a goodly prospect. And because Cortes & his company should see the beauty thereof, Mutezuma brought him thither, and showed him all the order of the Temple, even from the foot to the top. There was a certain plot or space for the idol priests to celebrated their service without disturbance of any. Their general prayers were made toward the rising of the sun. Upon each altar standeth a great idol. Beside this tower that standeth upon the pyramid, there are forty towers great & small belonging to other little temples which stand in the same circuit, the which although they were of the same making, yet their prospect was not westward, but otherways, because there should be a difference betwirte the great temple & them. Some of these Temples were bigger than others, and every one of a several God, among the which there was one round temple dedicated to the God of the air called Quecalcoua●l, for even as the air goeth round about the heavens, even for that consideration they made his temple round. The entrance of that Temple had a door made like unto the mouth of a Serpent, 
A strange door.  and was painted with foul and Devilish gestures, with great teeth & gums wrought, which was a thing to fear those that should enter in thereat, & especially the Christians unto whom it represented very Hell with that ugly face and monstruous teeth.  
There were other Teucalles in the city, that had the ascending up by steps in three places: all these temples had houses by themselves with all service & priests & particular Gods. At every door of the great temple standeth a large Hall & goodly lodgings, both high and low round about, which houses were common armouries for the City, for the force and strength of every town is the temple, and therefore they have there placed their store house of munition. They had other dark houses full of idols, great & small, wrought of sundry metals, they are all bathed and washed with blood, and do show very black through their daily sprinkling and anointing them with the same, when any man is sacrificed: yea & the walls are an inch thick with blood, and the ground is a foot thick of blood, so that there is a devilish stench. The Priests or Ministers goeth daily into those Oratories, and suffer none others but great personages to enter in. Yea and when any such goeth in, they are bound to offer some man to be sacrificed, that those bloody hangmen and ministers of the Devil may wash their hands in blood of those so sacrificed, and to sprinkle their house therewith. For their service in the kitchen they have a pond of water that is filled once a year, which is brought by conduct from the principal fountain. All the residue of the foresaid circuit serveth for places to breed foul, with gardens of herbs and sweet trees, with Roses and flowers for the Altars. Such, so great & strange was this temple of Mexico, for the service of the Devil who had deceived those simple Indians. There doth reside in the same temple continually five thousand persons, and all they are lodged and have their living there, for that temple is marvelous rich, & hath divers towns only for their maintenance and reparation, and are bound to sustain the same always on foot. They do sow corn, and maintain all those five thousand persons with bread, fruit, flesh, fish, and firewoodde as much as they need, for they spend more fire wood than is spent in the king's court: these persons do live at their hearts ease, as servants and vassals unto the Gods. Mutezuma brought Cortes to this temple, because his men should see the same, and to inform them of his religion and holiness, whereof I will speak in an other place, being the most strange and cruelest that ever was hard off.   

The Idols of Mexico.  
THe Gods of Mexico, were two thousand in number, as the Indians reported, the chiefest were Vitcilopuchtli and Tezcatlipuca, whose images stood highest in the Temple upon the Altars: they were made of stone in full proportion as big as a Giant. They were covered with a lawn called Nacar. These images were beset with pearls, precious stones, & pieces of gold, wrought like birds, beasts, fishes, and flowers, adorned with Emeralds, turquoise, Calcedons, and other little fine stones, so that when the lawn Nacar was taken away, the Images seemed very beautiful to behold.  
The Image had for a girdle great snakes of gold, 
A wicked attire.  and for colours or chains about their necks, ten hearts of men, made of gold, and each of those Idols had a counterfeit visor with eyes of glass, and in their necks death painted: each of these things had their considerations and meanings. These two Gods were brethren, for Tezcatlipuca was the God of Providence, and Vitcilopuchtli God of the wars, who was worshipped and feared more than all the rest.  
There was another God, who had a great Image placed upon the top of the Chapel of Idols, and he was esteemed for a special and singular God above all the rest. This God was made of all kind of seeds that groweth in that Country, and being ground, they made a certain past, tempered with children's blood, and Virgins sacrificed, who were opened with their razures in the breasts, and their hearts taken out, to offer as first fruits unto the Idol. The Priests and Ministers do consecrated this Idol with great pomp and many Ceremonies. All the Comarcans and Citizens are present at the consecration, with great triumph and incredible devotion. After the consecration, 
A mad offering.  many devout persons came and sticked in the dowy Image precious stones, wedges of gold, and other jewels. After all this pomp ended, no secular man might touch that holy Image, not nor yet come into his Chapel, nay scarcely religious persons, except they were Tlamacaztli, who are Priests of order. They do renew this Image many times with new dough, taking away the old, but then blessed is he that can get one piece of the old rags for relics, and chief for soldiers, who thought themselves sure therewith in the wars. Also at the consecration of this Idol, a certain vessel of water was blessed with many words and ceremonies, and that water was preserved very religiously at the foot of the altar, for to consecrated the King when he should be crowned, and also to bless any Captain general, when he should be elected for the wars, with only giving him a draft of that water.   

The Charnel house or place of dead men's skulls for remembrance of death.  
WIthout the temple, and over against the principal door thereof, a stones cast distant, standeth the Charnel house only of dead men's heads prisoners in wars and sacrificed with the knife.  
This monument was made like unto a Theatre, more larger than broad, wrought of lime and stone, with ascending steps, in the walls whereof was graffed betwixt stone and stone a skull with the teeth outwards.  
At the foot and head of this Theatre, were two Towers, made only of lime and skulls, the teeth outward, and this wall having no other stuff, seemed a strange sight. At and upon the top of the Theatre, were 70. poles, standing the one from the other four or five foot distant, and each of them was full of staves from the foot to the top. Each of these staves had others made fast unto them, so that every of them had five skulls brothed through the temples. Andrew de Tapia did certify me, that he and Gonsalo de Vmbria did reckon them in one day, and found a hundred thirty and six thousand skulls on the poles, staves, and steps. The other Towers were replenished out of number, a most cruel custom, being only men's heads slain in sacrifice, although it hath a show of humanity for the remembrance there placed of death. There are also men appointed, that when one skull falleth, to set up another in his place, so that the number may never want.   

How Cortes took Mutezuma prisoner.  
HErnando Cortes and his company, were six days in beholding and perusing the scituatien of the City, and secrets of the same, with the notable things before rehearsed: they were often visited by Mutezuma, & the Gentlemen of his Court, and abundantly provided of things necessary for his use, and the Indians of his company.  
Likewise his Horses were cherished and served with green barley and grass, whereof there is plenty all the year: Likewise of corn, meal, roses, and of all things that their owners would request, 
A sweet● bed.  in so much that beds of flowers were made for them in place of litter. But yet notwithstanding, although they were in this sort cherished, and also lodged in so rich a Country, where they might fill their purses, they were not yet all content and merry, but rather with great fear and care, especially Cortes, who had the only care as head and chief Captain for the defence of his fellows, he (I say) was pensive, noting the situation of the City, the infinite number of people, the state and majesty of Mexico, yea and some disquietness of his own company, who would come and lay unto his charge the snare and net that they were in, thinking it a thing unpossible that any of them could escape, if Mutezuma were thereunto determined, or else with the lest mutiny in the world, that might be raised in the City, although that every inhabitant should throw but one stone at them, or else to break up the drawbridges, or withdrawing their victuals things very easy to be done. With this great care that he had of the preservation of his fellows, and to remedy the peril and danger that he stood in, he determined to apprehended Mutezuma, 
Determination of Cortes.  and to built four foists to have the lake in subjection, which he had tofore imagined, and without the apprehension of the King, he could not come by the Kingdom: he would very gladly have built the foists out of hand, but he left off that pretence only, because he would not delay the imprisonment of Mutezuma, wherein consisted the effect of all his business, so that forthwith he minded to put in execution his intent, without giving any of his company to understand thereof.  
The quarrel wherewith he had armed himself for that purpose, was, that the Lord Qualpopoca had slain nine spaniards: likewise encouraged him the great presumption of his letters written to the Emperor Charles his king, wherein he wrote that he would take Mutezuma prisoner, and dispossess him of his Empire. These causes considered, he took the letters of Pedro Hircis, wherein was written, how Qualpopoca was the cause of the death of nine spaniards, and put those letters into his pocket, and walking up and down his lodging, tossing too and fro these imaginations in his brain, full of care of the great enterprise that he had in hand, yea he himself judging the matter doubtful, and his head being in this sort occupied, he chanced to espy one wall more whiter than the rest, and beholding the same, he saw that it was a door lately dammed up, & calling unto him two of his servants (for all the residue were asleep) because it was late in the night, he opened that door, 
Treasury of Mutezuma.  and went in, and there found sundry halls, some with Idols, some with gallant feathers, jewels, precious stones, plate, yea and such an infinite quantity of gold, that the sight thereof amazed him, and other gallant things that made him to marvel. He shut this door again as well as he mought, without touching any part of that treasure, because he would not make any uproar thereabout, nor yet to delay the imprisonment of Mutezuma, for that treasure was always there to be had.  
The next day in the morning came certain spaniards unto him, and many Indians of Tlaxcallon, saying that the Citizens did go about to conspire their death, and to break down the bridges of the calseys, to bring their purpose the better to pass. So that with this news, being true or false, Cortes left the one half of his men to defend and keep his lodging, and at every cross stéete he planted me, and the residue he sent to the Court by two and two, and three and three, and he himself came to the palace, saying that he must talk with Mutezuma of matters that did import their lives. Cortes was secretly armed. Mutezuma hearing how Cortes attended for him, came forth and received him, taking him by the hand, and placed him in his seat. Thirty spaniards waited upon Cortes, and the residue above without at ●he door.  
Cortes saluted Mutezuma according to his accustomed manner, and began to jest and talk merrily as he was wont to do. Mutezuma being careless of the thing that Fortune had prepared against him, was also very merry, 〈◊〉 pleased with that conversation. He gave unto Cortes jewels of gold, and one of his daughters, and other noble men's daughters to others of his company. Cortes received the gift, for otherwise it had been a frent unto Mutezuma. But yet he informed him, that he was a married man, and that he could not merry with his daughter, for the Christian law did not permit the same, nor yet that any Christian inought have more than one wife, upon pain of infamy, and to be marked in the forehead.  
After all this talk ended, Cortes took the letters of Pedro Hircio, and caused them to be interpreted unto Mutezuma, making his grievous complaint against Qualpopoca, who had slain so many spaniards through his commandment, yea and that his subjects had published, that they would kill the spaniards, and break down the bridges.  
Mutezuma excused himself earnestly, as well of the one as of the other, saying, the report given out against his subjects was false and untrue, and as for Qualpopoca who had slain the spaniards, he was innocent thereof: and because that he should see the troth, he called incontinent certain of his servants, commanding them to go for Qualpopoca, and gave unto them his seal, which was a stone that he ware at his wrist engraved with the figure of the God Vitzilopuchtli, and the messengers departed therewith incontinent.  
Cortes replied and said: My Lord, your highness must go with me to my lodging, and there abide, until your messengers return with Qualpopoca, and the certayn●tie of the death of my men: In my lodging your highness shall rule and command as you do here in Court, your person shall be well used, wherefore take you no care, for I will have respect unto your honour, as to mine own proper, or the honour of my 〈…〉 you to pardon me in this my request, for if I should do otherwise, and dissemble with you, mine own company would be offended with me, saying that I do not defend them, according to duty. Wherefore command your household servants to repose themselves without alteration, for be you assured, that if any hurt come unto me, or unto any of mine, your person shall pay the same with life, considering that it lieth in your hand to go quietly with me.  
Mutezuma was sore amazed, saying, Sir, my person is not fit to be a prisoner, yea, and though I would permit the same, my subjects would not suffer.  
They abode arguing the matter near four hours, and at length Mutezuma was content to go, having promise that he should rule and govern as he was wont to do. Cortes commanded a place in his lodging to be trimmed for him, and he went forthwith thither with Cortes. There came many noble men barefooted, weeping and lamenting the case, carrying their best garments under their arms, and brought a rich seat, whereon Mutezuma was placed, & they carried him upon their shoulders.  
When it was blown abroad in the City that Mutezuma was carried prisoner to the Spaniards lodging, all the City was on an uproar? but yet Mutezuma did comfort the Gentlemen that carried and followed him weeping, praying them to cease their lamentation, saying that he was not prisoner, nor yet wont with the christians against his will, but for his only pleasure. Cortes appointed a Spanish guard for him, with a Captain, the which he daily changed, and had Spaniards always in his company to make him past time. 
A sorrowful pastime.  Also poor Mutezuma was contented with their conversation & gave them still rewards. He was served with his own servants Indians, as at home in his palace. Cortes always entreated him to put off sadness & to be merry, permitting him to dispatch suitors, & to deal in all affairs of his estate, & to commune and talk openly or secretly with his noble men as he was wont to do, and that was but only a bait to bring them to the book. There was never Greek nor Roman, nor any other nation since the name of Kings was ordained, did give the like enterprise, as Hernando Cortes did, in taking Mutezuma prisoner in his own house, being a most mighty King, & in a most strong fort among infinite people, he having but only 450, companions.   

The recreation of Hunting, which Mutezuma used.  
MVtezuma had not only all the liberty that he desired in the City, being prisoner among the spaniards, but also Cortes permitted him to hunt and hawk, or to go to the temple, for he was very deudute, and a great hunter.  
When he went a hunting, he was carried upon men's shoulders with eight or ten Spaniards in his guard, and three thousand Mexicans, who were Gentlemen, his servants, and hunters, of whom he had a great number, some to seek the game, others to beat the coverts, and others to mark. Some of those Hunters were only for hares and connyes, other for all sorts of Dear, Wolves, foxes, and such like. They were very perfit with their bows, and good markemen, for he that miss his mark at fourscore paces distant was punished. It was strange to see the number of people that went with him on hunting, and to see the slaughter of beasts killed, with hand, slaves, 〈◊〉, and bows, 〈…〉 those beasts wire tame, and other brave and 〈…〉, and Ounces, It is a h●●de thing to take a 〈…〉 hunting as they do, being in manner a naked people, and the beast courageous and strong, but yet the Prou●●●e saith, slight and cunning is better than 〈◊〉.  
It is a more strange thing to take any foul that flieth in the air as their falconers do, for after they have once marked and set eye upon any foul, the Falconers of Mutezuma will under take to catch him, although the foul be never so swift of wing, being at the lest so commanded, by the King. It happened one day that Mutezuma stood in his gallery with his Guard of spaniards, who had espied a fair Hawk soaring in the air, o quoth they what a fair Hawk flieth ponder, Mutezuma bearing their talk, called unto him certain of his Falconers, commanding them to follow that Hawk & to bring him unto him. The Falconers went to fulfil his request, and followed that foul with such diligence, that in short space they brought the Hawk unto him, who presented the same unto the Spaniards, & ●●ing truly almost incredible, but yet certified by word and writings of the present witnesses. Their chiefest and most pleasant pastime of Hawking was, of Kightes, Ranens, Crows, Pies, and other birds of hardy stomach and 〈◊〉 in flight, great and small of all sorts, for the which he had Eagles, Buyters, and other foul of rapine marvelous swift of wing, and such as would mount very high in the air, with the which they murdered Hares, Wolves, and (as some say) Hearts.  
He had other fowlers, that used Nets, Snares, and sundry engine, Mutezuma used much to shoot in a trunk, and with his bow killed many wild beasts. His houses of pleasure as I have before declared, stood six miles from the City in pleasant woods: and always when he went a hunting after the time that he was prisoner, the same day he would return again to Cortes his lodging, although he banketed & feasted with the Spaniards at his places of sporting and pastime, and would always at his return to his lodging give some present unto them, that had accompanied him that day.  
Cortes seeing the liberality of Mutezuma, said unto him: sir, my company are unruly fellows, and as I understand, they have find out feign of your treasure, and have made spoil thereof: whenfore I would know your pleasure what shall be d●●● with th●̄ An● in effect it was the treasure that Cortes himself had found out. Mutezuma answered, saying, sir that treasure which they have found, did appertain unto the Go●des: But yet notwithstanding, let them leave the seathers, and all such things as are 〈…〉 all the 〈◊〉 take for you 〈◊〉 them, and if you will have more, I will provide it for you.   

How Cortes began to pluck down the Idols of Mexico.  
WHen Mutezuma went unto the temple, he went lea●ing upon a noble man's arm, huelse was ●●ode betw●●ne two, a●● a noble parsonage went 〈…〉 before him with three small wands in his hand, signifying thereby that the King in person was there at hand, and in token also of justice and correction, If he had been carried upon 〈…〉 shoulders then at his ●lighting dow●● he ●●●ke one of those ●●ddes into his own hand. He was a Pri●●●ful of ceren●●●●●● in all his doings, but the substance of his estate is already declared, from the time that Cortes entered into Mexico until this present. Those first days that the 〈…〉 the City, & as often as 〈…〉 to the temple, 〈◊〉 men were slain 〈◊〉 sacrifice. And to prohibit such abominable cr●●ltie & sin, committedst the preson●● of the Christian● who went in com●●● of Mutezuma, Cortes required, Mutezuma, to commaund● that no man's flesh should be any more spoiled, or blood sh●●de in sacrifice, and in not fulfilling his request, he would dost, die ●●th● the temple and City. Also he signified unto him, that he himself would throw down the idols, before th●● presence and all the Citizens.  
Mutezuma r●●lied to his demand, saying: It may please you to leave of your determination, waste that in so doing all the City fall into an uproar and rebellion to defend their good Gods, and ancient Religion, the which Gods had always provided them of water, bread, health, light, and all other things needful. This notwithstanding, the first time that Mutezuma went to the temple after his imprisonment, Cortes and his company went with him, and every of them laid hands upon the idols, & threw them down headlong from their seats, and Altars, and other Chapels, Mutezuma with this sight was in great agony, yea and his subjects ready to take weapon to slay them there present, but yet Mutezuma commanded his subjects to stay from their pretence: beseeching Cortes to stay from his proceedings, at whose request 〈◊〉 ●eas●d, for he thought as yet time served not for the purpose and pretence: but he declared unto them by his interpreters as followeth.   

The exhortation that Cortes made to Mutezuma and to the Citizens of Mexico, concerning their Idols.  
ALl creatures in the world (mighty prince, and y●● Gentlemen and religions person● whether it be ye here or we in Spain, or whatsoever other nation that it may be) have I say, all one beginning and ending of mortal life, which is had from God: we are all formed and made of one metal, and have all souls and senses, even so doubtless as we are like in proportion of body and soul, yea and kinsfolk in blood, although that by the providence of the same our God, some are borne fair and beautiful, and other some fo●le and disfigured: some of one colour and some of another: some prudent and wise, and other some fond and foolish, without either judgement or virtue: in the which his marvelous works God showeth himself just, holy and almighty, giving those several gifts, to the intent that the wise and learned inought teach the rude and ignorant, and to guide the blind into the right way of salvation, by the steps of true and unfeigned religion.  
Therefore I and my fellows, as your gests and kinsmen, according to equity do pr●●ure and wish the same unto you. A man and his life consisteth in three things as ye shall understand, that is body, soul, and goods: as for your goods and riches, which is the lest that we desire, for ye know well that we have taken nothing forcible from you, but ●●ely those things which ye have freely and liberally given us likewise we have not hurt, misused or molested your persons, wives or children, nor yet do mean any such thing, your soul's health only is the thing we seek, for your salvation, and that we now pretend to show; and to give unto you perfit notice of the true and everlasting God. There is none of natural judgement can deny, but that there is one God, but yet through ignorance and deceit of the Devil, will also think, that there are many Gods, and not acerte unto the true God. But I 〈◊〉 say and most assuredly certify you, that there is no other true God, but only ●e whom we Christians do serve, adore, and worship, the which is one eternal, without beginning and without end, the only creator & governor of things created: he alone made the Heavens, the Sun, the Moon, and Stars, the which his creatures ye do worship: he (I say) founded and made the Sea, and the sundry and marvelous fishes therein: he planted and made the land with all the monstrous beasts therein, fowls likewise in the air, plants, Herbs, Stones and such like. All the which creatures ye as blind and ignorant do hold for Gods.  
Our almighty God after he had finished and made all the former works with his own blessed hands, made one man & one woman, and being so formed and wrought, he put a soul and breath into each body, and then delivered the world unto them, showing them Paradise and glory. So that of that man and woman, we all mortal men proceeded in generation, and in this sort are the handy work of God, kinsmen and brethren. Now if we will come unto God our father, it is needful and necessary that we be good, virtuous, pitiful, innocent and under obedience, the which ye can not be if you worship statues, images, idols, and use bloody sacrifice of man's flesh. Is there any of you that would willingly be slain? no truly: why then do you slay other so cruelly, and where you can put no souls, why do you take them from thence? there is none of you, nor your false Gods, that can make souls, nor can forge men's bodies of flesh and bone, for if ye could, there is none of you would be without children, according to your own appetite and desire, in fashion, beauty and workmanship. But where our God of heaven doth make all creatures, he useth therein his own discretion, and giveth children to whom he pleaseth: and therefore is he GOD alone, and for these causes should ye have, esteem, and worship him for such a mighty God, desiring of him by prayers to give rain and temperature, that the earth may bring forth Corn, Fruit, Herbs, Flesh, Fowl, and all other necessaries for the sustentation of life. All these things the hard stones giveth not unto you, not nor yet your dry wooden images & cold metal, neither yet the small seeds wherewith your servants and slaves, with their filthy hands do make these images and foul statues, 
It was marvel that Corres was not taken for an heretic.  the which ye do worship. O what fond people and mad religious persons, who worship their own workmanship, do ye think that they are Gods that rot and moldre away, and have no life, and can neither help nor kill? Therefore I say unto you, that now and hereafter there is no cause that ye should have any more idols, nor yet any more slaughters for sacrifice, not nor yet to make any more prayers or supplications unto them, being both Blind, Deaf, and Dumb.  
Will ye know who is God, and where he is? lift up your eyes unto Heaven, and then shall you understand that above is a Godhead or Deity that moveth the heavens, and governeth the course of the Sun, ruleth the Land and replenisheth the Sea, who provideth for Man and Beast both Corn and Water. This God whom ye now imagine in your hearts, him (I say) serve and worship, not with death of men or bloody sacrifice abominable, but with devotion and humble prayer as we Christians do. And consider well, that to teach and instruct you, these things, was the cause of our coming hither.  
With this exhortation, Cortes aplaked the ire of the Priests and Citizens, their idols being thrown down, Mutezuma took order that no more should be set up, commanding to sweep and make clean the Chapels of the stinking blood that was in them, forbidding sacrifice of man's flesh. Mutezuma and his officers made a solemn vow and promise' to permit no more slaughter of men, and to set up a Cross for remembrance of the death and passion of jesus Christ borne of the virgin Marie. The which their promiss was well fulfilled, for after that day the spaniards could never hear nor find of any more sacrifice: But yet there abode in their hearts a mortal rancour, the which could not long be dissimuled.  
Truly in this worthy fact Cortes got more honour than though he had overcomen them in battle.   

The burning of the Lord Qualpopoca and other Gentlemen.  
AFter twenty days that Mutezuma had been prisoner, returned the messengers who had gone with the seal for Qualpopoca, and brought him, his Son, and other fifteen principal persons, with them, the which by inquiry made, were culpable and partakers in the counsel and death of the nine Spaniards. Qualpopoca entered into Mexico accompanied like a great Lord as he was, being borne upon his servants shoulders in rich furniture. As soon as he had saluted Mutezuma, he & his Son were delivered unto Cortes, with the other fifteen Gentlemen. Cortes placed them asunder, and commanded them to be put in Irons, and their examinations taken, they confessed that they had slain those Spaniards in battle.  
Cortes demanded of Qualpopoca if he were subject to Mutezuma, why (quoth he) is there any other Prince to whom I might be in subjection? giving almost to understand that he was a Lord absolute. Cortes answered, that a far greater Prince was the King of Spain, whose subjects under colour of friendship and salfeconduct he had slain. But (quoth he) now shalt thou make payment thereof. And being again more straighter examined, they confessed that they had slain two Spaniards by the advice and inducement of the great prince Mutezuma, and the residue were slain in the wars, and had assaulted their houses, and entered their country, wherefore they held it lawful to kill them.  
Through the confession pronounced by their own mouths, sentence was given against them, and they condemned to be burned, which sentence was openly executed in the market place in sight of all the people, without any mutiny or slander, and with great silence, terror & fear of the new manner of justice which they saw there executed upon so noble a man, in the chief seat and kingdom of Mutezuma, being gests and strangers.   

The cause of the burning of Qualpopoca.  
AT the time that Cortes departed from Vera Crux, he left in commission to Pedro Hircio, to procure to inhabit in that place which is called Almeria, & not to permit Francisco de Garray to sojourn there, for so much as once he was driven from that coast. Now Hircio to fulfil his commission, sent to require those Indians with peace and friendship, and to yield themselves for vassals of the Emperor. Qualpopoca Lord of Nahutlan, which is now called as aforesaid Almeria, sent to advertise Pedro Hircio, that he could not come to yield his obedience, for the enemies that were in the way: but if it would please him to send some of his men, for the security of the way, he would willingly come unto him. Hircio hearing this answer, sent four of his men, giving credit to his message, and for the desire he had to inhabit there.  
When the sour spaniards came into the province of Nahutlan, there met with them many armed men, who slew two of them, and made thereof a great triumph: the other two escaped sore wounded, and returned with that news to the Town of Vera Crux. Pedro Hircio believing that Qualpopoca had done that injury, armed out against him fifty spaniards, and ten thousand Indians of Zempoallan, with two horses, and two pieces of Ordinance.  
Qualpopoca hearing this news, came with a mighty power to drive them out of his Country, and in that encounter, seven spaniards were slain, and many Zempoallanezes, but at the end he was overcome, his Country spoiled, and Town sacked, and many of his army slain and taken captives. The prisoners declared, that by the commandment of the great Lord Mutezuma, all this uproar was attempted by Qualpopoca: it might well be, for at the hour of death they confessed the same. But some affirm, they said so, but to excuse themselves, and to lay the fault to the Mexicans, Hircio wrote these news to Cortes being in Chololla, and through these letters Cortes apprehended Mutezuma (as is afore declared.)   

How Cortes put a pair of gives on Mutezuma his legs.  
BEfore the execution of Qualpopoca and his fellows, Cortes declared unto Mutezuma, that Qualpopoca and his company had confessed, that by his advice and commandment, the nine spaniards were slain, wherein he had done very evil, they being his friends and guests: but (quoth he) if it were not in respect of the love I bear unto you, this matter should not in this sort be shut up, and then knocked a pair of gives on his legs, saying, he that killeth aught to be killed, according to the laws of God. These things did. Cortes, because he should occupy himself in his own grief and sorrow, and to let other men's pass.  
Mutezuma waxed pale with countenance of death, through the great fear that he was in, seeing himself in Irons, a new and strange thing for such a great King, excusing himself that he was innocent of the fact. And as soon as the execution of burning was done, Cortes commanded to put away the Irons that Mutezuma ware, offering him liberty, and willing him to go unto his own palace, who rejoiced much to see himself out of the Irons, and gave Cortes most hearty thanks, and refused to go home to his own palace, surmising that the offer was but words, or else fearing lest his subjects would kill him, seeing him out of the spaniards power, for permitting himself to be taken prisoner, and so to be kept. He said also, that if he went from them, his subjects would rebel, and compel him to kill the spaniards.  
Truly the poor simple soul was of small heart and courage, to suffer himself to be taken prisoner, and after his imprisonment would never procure liberty, Cortes offering it unto him, and many of his noble men desired him. And remaining in that order, there was none in Mexico durst offend any Spaniard for fear of displeasing him, for Qualpopoca came 70. leagues with only warning him that the great Lord had sent for him, showing him the figure of his seal, yea and all the peers of his realm that dwelt farthest of, were ready to obey his commandments.   

How Cortes sent to seek for Mines of gold into divers places.  
COrtez had a great desire to know how far the Empire of Mutezuma did extend, and what friendship was betwixt him and other Kings and Princes Comarcans, and also to gather together a good sum of gold, to sand to Spain to the Emperor for his custom or first part, with full relation of the Country people, and things happened until that day. Wherefore he prayed Mutezuma to show him where the mines were, from whence he and his subjects had the gold and plate. Mutezuma granted to his request, and incontinent appointed eight Indians, of the which four were Goldsmiths, who had knowledge and understanding of mines, and the other four were guides for the journey He commanded them that by two and two they should go into four provinces, that is to say Zucolla, Malinaltepec, Tenich, and Tutepec, with other eight spaniards which Cortes appointed, to have knowledge of the rivers and mines of gold, and to bring a moster of the same. The eight spaniards departed on their journey, with the other eight Indians, with tokens from Mutezuma. Zucolla is 80. leagues from Mexico, and the Lord thereof is subject to Mutezuma, who showed unto the spaniards three rivers with gold, and gave of each river a moster thereof, although it were but little, for with want of knowledge they knew not well the manner how to get it out of the river. These messengers in their journey too and fro, passed through three provinces full of people and habitation, with good buildings & fruitful ground, and the people of the one of them called Tlamacolapan, are of good reason and judgement, and better appareled than the Mexicans.  
Malinaltepec is 70. leagues from Mexico, from whence also they brought mosters of gold, the which is had out of a great river, by the naturals of that Country.  
Tenich standeth up toward the head of the same river of Malinaltepec, who are people of another language, and would not permit our men to have relation of the thing that they sought. The Lord of that place is called Coatelicamatl, who is not subject to Mutezuma, nor yet is his friend, thinking that his men had been spies: but when he was informed who they were, he gave the spaniards licence to be resolved of their affairs, but straightly commanded, that the Indians of Mexico should not presume to come into his dominion. When the Mexicans heard these news, they required the spaniards not to credit that Cazike, saying, that he was an evil and a cruel man, and would surely kill them. Our men were somewhat amazed, fearing to talk with Coatelicamatl, although they had his licence, seeing the people of the country armed with Lances of five and twenty foot long: but yet at length leaving cowardice aside, they proceeded forwards. Coatelicamatl received them courteously, and showed them six or seven rivers with gold, out of the which grains of gold were taken in his presence, who gave the same moster unto them, and sent also his Ambassadors to Cortes, offering his land and person unto him, with certain mantles, and jewels of gold.  
Cortes more rejoiced of the Embassage, than of the gold and presents, knowing thereby that Mutezuma his enemies desired his friendship: but Mutezuma and his counsel liked not the matter, for although Coatelicamatl is no great Lord, yet his people are good soldiers, and his country full of wilderness, of Rocks and Mountains. The other that went to Tutepec, which standeth near the sea coast, and twelve leagues from Malinaltepec, returned likewise with moster of gold of two Rivers, and brought news that the Country was fit to build upon, with hope to reap much gold, finding once an art to get it out of the river.  
Cortes hearing these news, prayed Mutezuma to build a house there in the name of the Emperor Charles, who incontinente scent thither workmen and labourers, which within two months had built a great house, and other three little houses round about it, with a pond of water full of fish, and five hundred Ducks, and a thousand five hundred Turkey cocks and hens, and much household stuff, so that the gift was worth twenty thousand Castlins of gold. He gave unto him also twenty bushels of the grain called Centli, ready sown, and two thousand stocks of trees called Cacavatl, which bringeth forth the fruit Cacao, that serveth for money and meat. Cortes began this husbandry, but yet made not an end thereof, with the coming of Pamfilo de Naruaiz, and the uproar in Mexico, which shortly followed. He also besought Mutezuma to certify him if there were any sure port or harbour on the Sea coast, where the Spanish navy might ride in safety: he answered that he knew of none, but that he would send to make inquiry thereof. And forthwith he commanded all that coast to be painted in a cloth made of cotton will, with all the rivers, bays, creeks and capes that were within his dominion. In all the same portraiture did not appear any port, scale, or sure road, saving a gulf that falleth out of the Mountains, which place is now called the harbour of Saint Martin, and Saint Anthony in the province of Coazacoalco. The Spaniards thought the same to be a strait or passage into the South sea, to pass unto the Maluccoes and spicery, but they were deceived although they believed the thing that they desired. Cortes for this purpose sent ten spaniards, all good mariners and Pilots, in company of the Indians that Mutezuma sent on that voyage at his own cost.  
They departed, and came to Chalohicoeca, where first they came aland, the which place is now called S. john de Vlhua.  
They went 70. leagues along the coast, without finding any River, although they met with many brooks of shallow water, not fit for a road for ships.  
They aported at Coazacoalco, the Lord whereof was enemy to Mutezuma, his name was Tuchintlec, who friendly received the spaniards, for he had intelligence of them, at their lying at Potonchan. He gave unto them boats, to sound and seek the River, where they found six fathom in depth, and went up that River twelve leagues, where they descried many great towns, and it seemed a fruitful soil. This Cazike Tuchnitlec, sent unto Cortes with the Spaniards certain gold, precious stones, and cloth of cotton, with apparel made of skins, and tigers, requesting his friendship, and to admit him tributary to the Emperor, paying yearly a certain portion of his riches, with such condition, that the Indians of Culhua should not enter into his jurisdiction.  
Cortes much rejoiced with these messages, and was glad of the finding of the fair river, for the Mariners had informed him, that from the river of Grijalua unto Panuco, was no river to be found, but I believe they were deceived. Cortes returned back again some of those messengers, with a present of Spanish ware for Tuchnitlec, and to be better informed of all his meaning, with a special charge to know the commodity of that port and Country, who went, and in short time returned well satisfied of their demand: whereupon Cortes sent thither john Velasques de Leon, for Captain of a hundred and fifty spaniards, with commission to build a fort.   

The imprisonment of Cacama, King of Tezcuco.  
THe weak courage and stomach of Mutezuma, caused his subjects not only to murmur, but also to seek means of rebellion, especially his nephew Cacamazin, Lord of Tezcuco, who was a stout young man and an honourable, and one that received great grief of his uncles imprisonment: and seeing that the matter seemed long, he besought his Uncle to procure his liberty, and to show himself a Lord, and not a slave: but seeing at length that he could not accept and follow his council, he began to stir in the matter, threatening the death and destruction of the spaniards. Some said, that Cacama did begin that matter, to revenge the injury and dishonour done unto his uncle. Others said, that his meaning was to make himself King of Mexico. Others held opinion, that his pretence was only to make an end of the Spaniards. But let it be for whatsoever purpose. Once he gathered a great army, which he could not want, although Mutezuma was prisoner, especially against the Spaniards. He published that he would redeem his Uncle out of Captivity, and expulse the Strangers, or else kill and eat them.  
This was a terrible news for the Christians, but yet for all those brags Cortes dismayed not, rather he determined forthwith to prepare himself for the wars, and to besiege him in his own house and Town, saving that Mutezuma disturbed him, saying that Tezcuco was a place very strong, and situated in water, and that Cacama was a man of bold and stout courage, and had at commandment the Indians of Culhua, and was also Lord of Culhuacan and O●umpa, which were forts of great strength, thinking to bring the matter to a better pass another way: so that Cortes ruled himself by the counsel of Mutezuma, and sent unto Cacama, praying him to have in remembrance the friendship that had been betwixt them two, from the time that he came and brought him into Mexico, and that always peace was better than war, and especially for a noble man of vassals, for the beginning of wars was pleasant to him that knew not what wars meant: and in so doing, he should do both pleasure and service to the King of Spain.  
Cacama answered, that he had no friendship with him that would take away his honour and kingdom, 
Cacama was wise.  and that the wars which he pretended, was profitable for his vassals, and in defence of their Country and Religion, yea and before he determined peace, he meant to revenge his uncles wrongs and his gods.  
Also (quoth he) what have I to do with the King of Spain, who is a man that I know not, not nor yet would gladly hear of him.  
Cortes turned again to admonish and require him divers times to leave off his determination, and willed Mutezuma to command him to accept his offer.  
Whereupon Mutezuma sent unto him, desiring him to come unto Mexico, to take some order in those controversies and discords betwixt him and the spaniards.  
Cacama answered very sharply unto his uncles request, saying, if you had blood in your eye, or the heart of a Prince, you would not permit yourself to be prisoner, and captive of four poor strangers, who with their fair speech and flattering talk have bewitched you, and usurped your kingdom, not nor yet, suffer the Gods of Culhua to be thrown down and spoiled, yea and the Mexican religion and holy places, violated and trodden with thieves feet and deceivers: likewise the honour, glory, and fame of your predecessors blotted and abased, through your faint stomach and cowardice. But notwithstanding, according to your request, and to repair our religion to restore the Gods to their Temples, to preserve the kingdom, and to procure liberty for you and the City, I will obey your commandment: But how? not with my hands in my bosom, but like a warrior, to kill those Spaniards who have so affrented the nation of Culhua. Our men stood in great peril, as well of the losing of Mexico as of their own lives, if this war and mutiny had not soon been qualified: for why? Cacama was valiant, stout, and a good soldier, yea and well furnished of men of war: also the Citizens of Mexico, were desirous of the same, for to redeem Mutezuma their prince, and to kill the Spaniards, or else to expulse them out of the City.  
But poor Mutezema remedied the matter, knowing or foreseeing, that wars would not prevail, yea and believed, that at the end all should fall upon his back. He dealt with certain Captains & Gentlemen that dwelled in Tezcuco with Cacama, to apprehended him, and bring him prisoner, considering that he was their king and yet alive. But whether it were, that those Captains had served Mutezuma in the wars, or whether it were for gifts & rewards, they apprehended Cacama being in counsel among them, treating of his wars pretended, and embarked him in a boat armed for the purpose, and so brought him to Mexico without any further slander or strife, and when he was comen to Mexico, they put him on a rich seat, as the Kings of Tezcuco were wont to sit upon, being the greatest Prince in all that land next unto Mutezuma: and in this sort brought him before his uncle, 
Cacama prisoner.  who would not look upon him, but commanded him to be delivered unto Cortes, who incontinent clapped a pair of gives on his legs, and a pair of manacles on his hands, and put him into sure Guard and custody.  
After that Cacama was in this order prisoner, with the consent of Mutezuma was elected Lord and Prince of Tezcuco and Culhuacan, Cucuzca, Cacama his younger brother, who was abiding in Mexico with his uncle, and fled from his brother: Mutezuma did entitle him with the ceremonies accustomed unto Princes newly elected and chosen. So that forthwith he was obeyed in Tezcuco by Mutezuma his commandment, for he was there better beloved than Cacama, who was somewhat of a crooked nature. In this sort was remedied all the former peril, but if there had been many Cacamas, it would have fallen out otherwise.  
Here Cortes made kings, and commanded with as great authority as though he had obtained already the whole Empire of Mexico: and certainly sithence his first entry into that country, he had an assured hope to win Mexico, and to be Lord over the whole state of Mutezuma.   

The Oration that Mutezuma made unto his Noble men, yielding himself to the King of Castille.  
AFter the imprisonment of Cacama, Mutezuma proclaimed a Parliament, unto the which came all the Seniors Comarcans, and being all together, he made the Oration following unto them.  
My kinsmen, friends and servants, ye do well know that eighteen years & have been your king, as my fathers and Grandfathers were, and always I have been unto you a loving Prince, and ye unto me good and obedient subjects, and so I hope you will remain all the days of my life. You aught to have in remembrance, that either ye have heard of your fathers, or else our adevines have instructed you, 
A fond beliefs.  that we are not naturals of this country, nor yet our kingdom is durable, because our forefathers came from a far country, and their king and captain who brought them hither, returned again to his natural country, saying that he would send such as should rule and govern us, if by chance he himself returned not. Believe ye assuredly, that the king which we have looked for so many years, is he that hath now sent these Spaniards, which ye here see. Who doth certify, that we are their kinsmen, and that they have had notice of us a long time: let us therefore give thanks unto the Gods, that now they are comen in our days, being a thing that we so much desired.  
ye shall now do me service and pleasure, that ye yield yourselves unto this Captain for vassals of the Emperor King of Spain our sovereign, I myself have already yielded me for his servitor and friend, praying you that from hence forwards ye obey him as ye have obeyed me. And that ye yield and pay unto him the tributes, customs and service that ye were wont to pay unto me, and in so doing, ye can do me no greater pleasure. 
Poor Mutezuma.  His heart then would not suffer him to speak any more, with the sobs, sighs, and tears, that fell from his eyes. All his subjects there present fell into a cry, weeping and mourning, that for a good space they had no power to speak: they gave shrykes, and sighings, uttering with their mouths many doleful, and sorrowful speeches, yea that it pitied our own men at the hearts. But in conclusion, they answered that they would obey his commandment. Then Mutezuma and the Burgesses of Parliament in order yielded themselves for vassals of the king of Castille, promising loy altie. This act was set down by the Notary, and with witnesses authorized. Then the Indians departed home to their houses with sorrowful hearts, God knoweth, as you may imagine. It was a strange thing to see Mutezuma weep with so many Noble men and Gentlemen, yea and with what grief they become subjects to an unknown Prince, but they could not otherwise do, seeing that Mutezuma did command the same.  
Also they had a certain Prognostication and forwarning by their Priests of the coming from the east parties a strange people, 
A true prophecy.  white of colourand bearded men, who should win and rule that country. Likewise there was a secret talk among them, that in Mutezuma should end and finish, not alone the lineage of Culhua, but also the Empire and kingdom: therefore some were of opinion, not to name him Mutezuma which signifieth, aggrieved with misfortune. They say also that Mutezuma himself had many times answer of the Oracle of the Gods, that in him should finish the Mexican Emperors, and that no child of his should succeed in his kingdom, and that he should loose his seat in the eight year of his reign: & for these causes he would never procure war to withstand the Spaniards, believing that they should be his successors. Yet on the other side he thought his opinion would take no place, for that he had reigned seventeen years: But this should seem to come from the providence of God, which giveth kingdoms and taketh them away.  
Cortes gave unto Mutezuma most hearty thanks on the behalf of the Emperor, and for himself, and comforted him, who was very sad, promising also that always he should be king and Lord, & command as heretofore he had done, and better, yea and also he should be chief ruler of all the other lands and countries, that he should get and bring to the service of the Emperor.   

The Gold and jewels that Mutezuma gave unto Cortes for tribute.  
AFter certain days that Mutezuma and his counsel had yéelden their obedience, Cortes said unto him, how that the Emperor was at great costs & charges in his wars, wherefore it should be necessary that his new vassals should begin to serve in some thing, and to pay their tribute, willing him to send throughout his dominion to see what could be gathered of Gold, and that he himself should begin first to pay tribute to the example of others. Mutezuma answered that he was contented so to do, willing that some of his men should go unto the house of foul for the same. There went many, and there saw gold in planches like brickebattes, jewels, and pieces wrought in a hall, and two chambers which were opened unto them. The Spaniards wondering at the sight, would not touch any thing, without giving first advertisement to Cortes, who incontinent went thither, and caused it all to be carried to his lodging: besides this treasure Mutezuma gave unto him rich clotheses of cotton and feathers marvelously woven in figures & colours, it seemed without comparison, for the Spaniards had never seen the like: he gave unto him more, twelve shooting trunks, wherewith he himself was wont to passetime: some of them were painted with birds, beasts, flowers & trees very perfit, a work surely much to be commended: and some of them were engraven very curiously, with their moulds and pellets of gold.  
He sent also his servants by two and two, and five and five, each company with one Spaniarde, to the Lords of other provinces, fourscore, and a hundred leagues from Mexico, to gather in gold for the accustomed tributes, and new service to the Emperor. Every Lord and Signior paid the quantity appointed & taxed by Mutezuma, in gold, plate, jewels, stones and pearls.  
The messengers returned, although they had tarried somewhat long on their journey, of whom Cortes received all that they brought, and caused it to be melted, out of the which was had in fine gold 1600000. Castlins, of the value of seven shillings and six pence the piece, and rather more, and also five hundred marks of plate, after six Ducats the mark.  
This treasure was divided among the Soldiers, but not all: every man was paid according to his office. The horsemen had twice as much as the footmen. Also C●rte's was paid out of the stock the money promised him in Vera ●rux.  
There came to the king's part. 32000. Castlins and a hundred marks of plate, the which was wrought there in platters, saucers, cups, ewers and other pieces, according to the Indian fashion, to be sent to the Emperor. Besides this, the present that Corte▪ laid afide, and take out of the sto●ke to sand to the Emperor, was worth. 100000. Ducats, in pearls, precious stones, gold, and feathers, feathers and silver, and many other tewels, as the gallant tr●nkes, which beside their, value were strange to dehold, wrought with the bravery aforesaid. This present appointed, was not sent, for that and all the rest was afterward lost at the troubles in Mexico, as hereafter shall more plainly appear.   

How Mutezuma required Cortes to depart from Mexico.  
COrtes seeing himself rich and mighty, he occupied himself in three things, the one was to send unto Santo Domingo and other islands, news of his proceedings and prospotitie, and also m●ney to provide men, horses and armour, for his own company were to few for so great a country. The other was, to take fully and wholly the state of Mutezuma, having him prisoner, and also at his commandment Tlaxcallan, Coa●elteamath, and Tuchintlec, knowing also that the Indians of Panuco, Tecoantepe●, and Mechuatun, were mortal enemies to the Mexicans, who would aid and assist him having need of their help, his third pretence was, to procure all the Indians to be Christened, the which purpose he took first in hand, as a thing most nede● full. On the other side, Mutezuma repented himself, having news that Pamfilo de Naruaiz was arrived, who came as enemy to Cortes, yea and after all this he was at length driven out of Mexico, These notable things shallbe reversed in their order. But now Mutezuma came, and desired Cortes to depart out of his country, adnising him that otherwise both be and his men were in peril of killing, saying also, that three especial causes moved him to this request: the one was, the daily suit of his subjects, who enportuned him to come out of captivity, and to murder the spaniards, saying, that it was a great shame for them to suffer their Prince to be in prison in the power of so few strangers, whom they might use as a football: having dishonoured them and rob them of their goods, gathering and heaping up their gold for themselves, & for their king, who as seemed by their doings, was but a poor fellow, and if he would not accept their offer and suit, that then of their own authority they would take the thing in hand, for so much as he refusing to be their king they would also refuse to be his vassals, giving warning and advice that he should look for no better reward at the Spaniards hands, than Qualpopoca and Cacama his nephew had received, although they should flatter him never so much.  
another cause was that the Devil had appeared unto him, and willed him to kill those Christians, or drive them out of the land, threatening him that if he did not so, that then he would go from him and never talk any more with him, for (quoth he) with their gospels, baptism and devotion, they do much displease me. Mutezuma answered him, that there was no reason to kill them being his friends and honest men, but he would entreat them to depart, (unto this) the Devil answered that he should do so, and therein he would receive great pleasure, for either he would go his way and leave him, or else that Christian fellows should depart, for they sow here (quoth he) a Christian faith the which is much against our Religion, and can not devil both together. Another cause was, that Mutezuma was not well pleased with the imprisonment of Cacama, whom once he loved exceeding well: so in fine, secretly he repented him of all that was passed in the spaniards favour, and chief by the persuasion of the Devil, who said that he could not do unto him a more acceptable service, and of greater pleasure to the Gods, than to expel the Spaniards and abolish the name of Christians, and in so doing, the seat of Kings should not finish in the lineage of Culhua, but rather be enlarged, & his children should reign after him, wishing him not to believe in prophes●es, sithence the eight year was past, and was now in the eighteenth year of his reign. For these causes, or possible for other which we know not off, Mutezuma prepared an army of a hundred thousand men so secretly, that Cortes knew not thereof, to the effect, that if the spaniards would not depart, being once more required, that then he meant not to leave one of them alive. With this determination, he came for the one day into the yard or court, and had long conference and consultation with his Gentlemen about this matter. This done, he sent for Cortes, who liked not this news, saying to himself, I pray God this message be to good purpose, and taking twelve of his men which were readiest at hand, went to know wherefore he had sent for him. Mutezuma arose from the place where he sat, and took Cortes by the hand, commanding a stool to be brought for him, and so sat them down both together, and began his talk as followeth. Sir, I beseech you to depart from this City and Country, for my Gods are sore offended with me, because I do, and have permitted you here so long: demand of me what you please, and it shall be given you, because I love you well: and think you not, that I give you this warning in jest, but rather in good earnest, therefore it is convenient, that you departed. It seemed strange unto Cortes this talk. Also he saw by the countenance of Mutezuma, that some thing was a working, and before the interpreter of Mutezuma had made an end of his talk, Cortes willed one of his men to go forthwith, and to advise all his fellows, saying, that the weight of their lives was in question. Then our men called to remembrance what was told them in Tlaxcallon, considering that it was needful of courage and help from God to bring them out of that danger. When Mutezuma had ended his tale, I have (quoth Cortes) understood your meaning, 
A surtle Fox.  and do thank you for the same: also I would know when it is your pleasure that we should departed, and it shall be done. Even when it please you (quoth Mutezuma) take the time that you think meet, and against that time will I prepare a hundred weight of gold for you, and fifty pound weight to each of your men.  
Cortes said, you know; that when I came into this Country, I commanded all my Ships to be sunk, so that now I have need of ●●ne convenient to build vessels to earrie us into our Country wherefore my request is that you command some of your Carpenters to be called, to cut down timber for the purpose, for I have men that can make the vessels. And this done, we will depart, so that you give us the gold which you have promised, and certify you the same to your Gods and vassals.  
Mutezuma received great pleasure at this answer, and said, your request shall be fulfilled: and incontinente he sent for many Carpenters. Likewise Cortes prepared certain of his Mariners for Shipwrightes. All the which workmen went unto great woods of Pinetrées, and there cut down the ●●mber necessary for the purpose. Mutezum● being a simple man, gave credit to all Cortes his talk: Cortes likewise advertised his men of his proceedings, and said unto them, M●●●zuma would have us depart out of his Country, because his vassals and the Devil hache enticed him thereunto: wherefore it is needful that we build shipping, and therefore I pray you go with these Indians, and procure to cut down the best timber fit for our purpose, and in though 〈…〉 God will provide for us, whose affairs w● have 〈◊〉 in hand, of remedy and secure in such sort thetine loose not this fruitful country. It is also necessary, that when you come unto the wood, that you make all the delay possible, giving a show that you are buss occupied, and with great desire to make an end, that those Indians may suspect nothing of our pretence. Depart in God's name, and advise me always what doth pass in your affairs.   

The fear that our men stood in to be s●crisis●d.  
EIght days after their departure toward the wodder, arrived fifteen sail of ships at the coast of Chalch●●oeca. The Indians of that coast adiused M●tezuma thereof, who was not a little afraid with the news, & called Cortes unto him, who feared as much some uproar there, and when they showed Cortes the Mutezuma was come forth into the yard, he suspected that if Mutezuma pleased, they should be all destroyed. Wherefore he said unto his men, masters and friends, Mutezuma hath sent me, considering what passed this other day, I hold it for no good token, I now go to know his will: wherefore, whatsoever happen, be you always vigilant and ready, commending yourselves to God. Remember also whom ye are, and who are these Infidels, abhorred of God, and friends unto the Devil, without weapon, and experience in war: if we chance to fight, the hands of each of us shall show by deed with sword, the valour and courage of our hearts: yea, and although we all die, yet shall we remain with victory, for that we have fulfilled the thing we took in hand, and the service which we own unto God as faithful Christians, with our duty as true subjects to our prince. They all answered, saying, we will do all our possibility while life lasteth, without fear of peril or danger, for we less esteem death than honour. With this answer Cortes went to Mutezuma, who said unto him, Senior Captain, you shall understand that now you have Ships wherein you may depart, therefore now at your pleasure make you ready.  
Cortes answered, not knowing of that shipping, saying, Mighty Sir, when my Ships are finished I will departed, nay (quoth Mutezuma) I mean not those ships, for there are arrived eleven other Ships at the coast near unto Zempoallan, and shortly I shall be certified, whether the people that are come in them, are come a shore, and then shall we know what people, and how many they are in number. Blessed is jesus Christ (quoth Cortes) unto whom I give most hearty thanks for his great mercies showed unto me, and to the Gentlemen of my company. One of Cortes his men went to show the glad tidings to their fellows, who then received double strength, praising God, and embraced one another with great pleasure and joy. And Cortes with Mutezuma being in communication together, came another post, who brought news of fourscore Horsemen that were landed, with eight humdred footmen, and twelve pieces of Ordinance, 
At the time of need provideth God.  and showed painted in a cloth the whole relation both of men, horses, ships, and ordinance.  
Mutezuma hearing the news that this post had brought, arose from his seat, and took Cortes in his arms, saying, now do I more love you, than I have done heretofore, and will this day dine with you. Cortes gave him thanks for the one and the other, and in this sort went hand in hand to Cortes his Chamber, who willed his Spaniards not to make any extraordinary joy, or alteration, but that they should keep all together with vigilant watch, and to give hearty thanks unto God for the comfortable news. Mutezuma and Cortes dined together with great content and pleasure, the one thinking to abide and to enjoy the king's state and Country, the other thinking that then they would avoid the land. But notwithstanding all these imaginations, a certain Indian Captain importuned Mutezuma secretly to kill all Cortes his men, being but few in number, and then should he be the readier to dispatch the others that were newly come, and not to permit them to join one with another: yea and again, when the new come men should know of the death of their countrymen, they would not presume to abide in the land.  
With this counsel Mutezuma called many his friends and chief estates to counsel, propounding the case and judgement of the Captain, which being among them thoroughly heard, there were many of sundry opinions, 
A drunken reckoning.  but the conclusion was, to permit the other Spaniards to come, saying, the more enemies, the more gain, and if we kill but those which are here, than the others will return to their ships, and so shall we not make the solemn sacrifice of them to the Gods, according to our desire. Mutezuma was occupied in this counsel with five hundred noblemen and Gentlemen daily, and according to determination, they commanded to cherish and serve Cortes and his company more than ordinary, saying their joy was at an end.   

How james Velasques sent Pamfilo de Naruaizagainst Cortes.  
IAmes Velasques being sore aggrieved, with desire of revenge against Cortes, not only for his expenses at the time of preparation of Cortes his fleet, which was but small, but of mere hatred of the present honour & prosperity of Cortes. Whereupon he invented great causes and quarrels againsto him, saying and alleging, that Cortes had not given account of his proceedings unto him, being governor of Cuba, and Cortes his Deputy, but rather without his consent and knowledge, had sent to Spain to the King, advise of his discovery, as who would say, that was treason, or an evil fact: but chief his fury was, knowing how Cortes had sent an honourable present, with the King's part or portion of treasure unto Spain, yea and whole relation of the discovery, with Francisco de Monteio, and Alounso Fernandez Portocarrero, the which proceedings james Velasques meant to disturb, for that he had laid in ambush a coupell of carvels, to have taken Cortes his present, and messengers, the which his pretence and purpose took no place, so that with the prosperous news of Cortes, his fury and madness the more increased, imagining still his destruction.  
And being occupied in these sonde imaginations, it happened that his chaplain, one Benito Martin, brought letters from the Emperor unto him, with title and letters patents, of General and chief Governor of all that then was discovered, inhabited, and conquered in the land and coast of Yucatan. With this news, Velasques began to triumph, not only so much for the honour, as also to drive Cortes from Mexico. Whereupon, he incontinent prepared this Fleet or Navy of eleven ships, and seven Vergantines, with nine hundred men, and fourscore Horses, and appointed one Pamfilo de Naruaez for Captain General, and his Deputy in the regiment of the Country: and for his more quicker dispatch, he himself went with him throughout that Island, till they came to Guaniguanico, which is the Westermost harbour of the Island, and being there Naruaez ready to depart for Mexico, and Velasques to return to Cuba, came the lisenciat Lucas Vasques de Aillon, a chief judge of Santo Domingo, in name of the whole Chancery, to require Velasques upon great penalties, that he should not permit or suffer Pamsfilo de Naruez to proceed on th●t voyage against Cortes, which would be cause of Murder, civil wars, and other mischiefs among the Spaniards, yea and that Mexico should be in danger of losing, with all the rest that was conquered, and in quiet to the King's use, saying unto him moreover, that if there were any discord between them for goods, or points of honour, that then it did appertain to the Emperor to judge, and determine the cause, and not that he himself should be judge in his own cause, using force against the other party, praying them for the service of God and the King, that if they would go to conquer, that then they should seek other Countries, having so good an army and fleet, and Countries enough to seek. This diligence, request and authority of the Licenciate Aillon, to Velasques and Naruaez prevailed not: 
A noble judge.  he seeing their obstinacy and little regard to him being a chief judge, determined to go with Naruaez in his Ship, to let and disturb the great hurt that might follow, thinking there in the new Spain to persuade Naruaez, better than in the presence of Velasques, yea and also if need should be, to be a mean of quietness betwixt them.  
Pamfilo de Naruaez took shipping in Guaniguanico, and sailed till he came near unto Vera Crux with all his fleet, and having intelligence that there were a hundred and fifty Spaniards of Cortes his band, he sent unto them a Priest, with one john Ruiz de Guevara, and Alonso de Vergara, to require them to receive him for their Captain and governor. But the new Citizens would give no care to their talk, but rather apprehended them, & sent them prisoners to Mexico to Cortes, to advertise him of their embassage, whereupon Naruaez unshipped his men, horses, armour, & artillery, & went with them directly to Zempoallan. The Indian Comarcans being as well friends to Cortes, as vassals to Mutezuma, gave unto him gold, mantles, and victuals, thinking that they had been Cortes his men.   

The substance of a letter that Correz wrote unto Naruaez.  
BEfore Cortes knew the effect of the coming of this new fleet, his head was sore troubled, for, on the one side he was glad of the coming of his own nation, on the other side he liked not so great an army. Likewise he imagined, that if they came to secure him, he held the Country for conquered: also if that they were come against him, he judged the Country to be lost. He judged also, that if they were come from Spain, that then they had brought to him the thing looked for, but if they were come from Cuba, he feared civil wars. He also thought, that from Spain could not come so many folk in so short space. Finally, he deemed, that his old enemy james Velasques was come personally, but when he knew the whole truth, than was he much more pensive, thinking that the thread of his prosperity was cut asunder, yea and that they would be mean to stop the gaps of the whole discovery, both of the secrets of the land, mines and treasure, as also, in the knowledge of the friends or enemies of Mutezuma. It should be also a let to inhabit the places which he had begun, yea and also to christian the Indians, which was the principal thing that he pretended, yea & a let or stop of many other things begun in the service of God & the prince, fearing also by flying from one inconvenience, to fall into many, and also if he should permit Pamphilo de Naruaez to come unto Mexico, it should be a mean of his perdition: if likewise he should encounter him, he feared some rebellion in the City, and the setting at liberty of Mutezuma, putting in peril his own honour, life, and travail: and to avoid all these dangers and inconveniences, he determined remedy. First, he dispatched two men, the one unto john Velasques de Leon, who was gone to inhabit at Coazacoalco, willing him at the sight of his letter to repair unto Mexico, giving him advise of the coming of Naruaez and of the great need that he stood in, of him & his company. The other messenger he sent to Vera Crux, to bring full relation of the arrival of Naruaez, and what was his pretence.  
The letter sent to john Velasques, came no sooner to his hand, but forthwith he obeyed and fulfilled the same, contrary to the expectation of Naruaez, for he was his brother in law, and kinsman unto james Velasques. Cortes seeing his constancy, had him ever after that time in great estimation.  
From the Vera Crux came twenty of the towns men with certificate what Naruaez had published, and brought with them a priest, with Alonso Guevara and john ruiz de Vergara, who had comen to Vera Crux to amotive the town, under colour that they had brought the commission from the king. Cortes on the otherside, sent unto Naruaez signior Bartholome de Olmedo, with other two Spaniards, to offer unto him his friendship, & otherwise to require & command him on the behalf of the king & of his own, as chief justice of the land, and in the name of the rulers and Aldermen of the town of Vera Crux, who were then in Mexico, that he should enter peaceably, without making any alteration until his authority and commission were seen and allowed, and to make no slander or uproar to the hindrance of the king his masters proceedings.  
But all this diligence and letters of Cortes and the other rulers prevailed not, he seeing this, set at liberty the priest that was brought prisoner, and sent him unto Naruaez, with certain rich collars of gold, and other jewels with a letter, wherein he wrote, that he was more gladder of his coming in that fleet than any other, for the friendship and old acquaintance that had been betwixt them, desiring him that they might talk and confer together, alone, for to take order to prohibit wars, sedition, bloodshed and disquietness among them, being of one nation and brethren, requesting him to show his commission from the king unto him, or unto the counsel of Vera Crux, and he would willingly obey it as reason did require: and if he had not brought any such commission, yet he would make some honest agreement with him. Pamfilo de Naruaez seeing himself strong and mighty, did little regard Cortes his letters, offers, nor requests, and chief because james Velasques was sore displeased with Cortes.   

The talk of Naruaez to the Indians, and his answer to Cortes.  
PAmphilo de Naruaez declared to the Indians that they were deceived with their opinion in Cortes, for that he alone was Captain general and chief Lord, and that Cortes was but a naughty man, and so were all they of his company which are now in Mexico, who were all but his boys, 
A foul brag.  and that his present coming was to cut of Cortes his head, and to chasten the others, likewise he meant to drive them all out of the country, & then to departed himself, and to leave them in full liberty.  
The Indians gave credit to his talk seeing so many bearded men and horses, and thereupon began to attend and serve him, leaving their old friends in Vera Crux. Also Naruaez began to flatter Mutezuma, and sent him word that Cortes abode in that country against the will of his Prince, & that he was a covetous rebel, who rob his country, and that he pretended to kill Mutezuma. and to make himself king. Also that his coming was to set him at liberty, and to restore unto him all that those wicked fellows had taken from him. And because that others should take example of their facts, he would command them all to be slain, willing him to take no care, for in short space they would see each other. And that when he had set him at liberty with restitution of his goods, he would incontinent depart his country. These treaties were so foul & abominable, with the injurious words which Pamfilo de Naruaez spoke openly against Cortes and his men, yea they seemed odious unto all his own host & army, and some of his own men checked him for the same, especially Barnardin● de Santa Clara, who seeing the country so peaceable and so well pleased with Cortes, he could not let but reprehend Naruaez in his words. Also the licenciat Aillon required him divers times to cease from his slanderous talk, upon pain of death & loss of his goods, & also not to proceed toward Mexico, for the great hurt that might ensue, with slander among the Indians, disquietness among the Spaniards, and offence to the Emperor his Majesty. Pamfilo de Naruaez being moved with his talk laid hand upon Aillon, being a chief judge for the King, and apprehended also his Secretary & an other officer, and forthwith shipped them, and sent them to james Velasques governor of Cuba. But when Aillon saw himself at sea, and free from Naruaez, he began to threaten the Mariners, commanding them not to presume to carry him to Cuba to Velasquez his power, but only to Santo Domingo, where he was one of the kings counsel in chancery: the Mariners fearing the King's justice, obeyed his commandment and when he was aported at Santo Domingo, he wholly informed the Counsel there, of Naruaez and his wicked dealing, whose testimony and information did much blemish the credit of Velasques, 
A cruel proclamation.  & exalt the travels of Cortes. After that Naruaez had shipped away Aillon, he proclaimed war with fire and sword against Cortes, and promised certain marks of Gold to him that should apprehend or kill him, or Pedro de Aluarado, and Gonsalo de Sandoval, with other principal persons of his company. Also he made division of his goods among his men before they came to possess it. 
A mad reckoning.  Surely these three points were of a man without wisdom or discretion.  
Many of Naruaez his company did amotive themselves, through the commandment of the Licenciat Aillon, and through the same and liberality of Cortes. Whereupon incontinent one Pedro de Villalobos a Portugal, and six or seven more fled unto Cortes, yea and others wrote unto him, offering themselves to his service, if by chance they should encounter.  
Cortes received the letters, 
A good captain and a wise.  but kept in silence from his company the firmes of those which had written to him. Some do think that Cortes had suborned them with letters, fair promises, yea and a horse load of chains and planches of gold, which he sent secretly to Naruaez his camp with a servant of his, publishing likewise, that he had an army of two hundredth Spaniards in Zempoallan, where he had none at all: these policies might well be, for he was prudent, careful and quick in his business, and Pamfilo de Naruaez was slothful and careless.  
Naruaez made answer to Cortes his letter by signior Bartholome de Olmedo, the substance of his message was, that forthwith he should repair to the place where he was abiding, and there he should see the emperors commission & order, wherein was authority given to him to take and keep that country for james Velasques, yea and that already he had made a town of men only, with all officers thereunto appertaining.  
After this letter and message sent, he dispatched likewise one Barnaldino de Quesada, and Alonso de Mata, to require Cortes to departed and leave the country upon pain of death, and to notify unto him these acts by order of law. Cortes laid hand upon Alonso de Mata, because he named himself the king's Notary, and showed no title or authority for the same.   

The talk that Cortes had with his own Soldiers.  
COrtes perceiving the small fruit that his letters (presents) and messengers, obtained at the hands of Naruaez, and that in no case, he would show his commission which came from the king, he determined to go unto him, and according to the old Proverb, Face to face doth get respect, and likewise if it were possible, to agree upon some good order and quietness: whereupon he sent Rodrigo Aluarez his surveyor, with john Velasques, and john del Rio, to treat with Naruaez of many matters, whereof three things were the principalest. The first was, that they two might meet alone, or else so many, for so many, and that Naruaez should permit Cortes to abide in Mexico, and he withal his company should conquer Panuco or other kingdoms, also that Cortes would pay the charges, and have consideration to gratify his soldiers, or else that Naruaez should abide in Mexico, and deliver unto Cortes. 400. of his men, to the intent that with them, and his own men he might proceed to seek other countries to conquer. last of all, he required to see the king's commission, for that he would obey the same. Naruaez liked none of these offers, only he accepted that they should meet together with each of them ten Gentlemen for security, bound with solemn oath, and firmed this agreement with their names. But it took no effect, for Rodrigo Aluarez advised Cortes that Naruaez had made a snare to apprehended him, or to kill him at their meeting. Cortes understood the matter, or else he had some other intelligence by some that loved him well. And this former agreement taking no place, Cortes determined to go unto him.  
But before his departing, he declared unto his company, saying, I trust ye have in remembrance what & how much I have done for you, since the beginning of this enterprise, yea & also how lovingly & friendly ye have dealt for me: ye shall now understand that james Velasques, in steed of thanks giving us, hath sent to murder us, Pamfilo de Naruaez, who is a stubborn & an unreasonable man, one ready to execute our good deserts done in the service of God & our Prince, with an evil reward. And the cause is only, for doing our duty in the sending of the King's part & portion to his Royal person & not unto him. Also this Naruaez hath already confiscated our goods, and given them to other men, and our bodies condemned to the Gallows, yea and our fame and honour played at tables, with great injurious & slanderous words proclaimed against us, which things truly are not of a Christian, not nor yet we with God's help will let the matter so to slip: yea and though we aught to leave the revengement unto God, yet we will not suffer them to enjoy our travails & pains, who are now comen white fingered to spoil the blood of their neighbours, yea & like mad men to strive against their own nation, sowing slander among those Indians which served us as our friends, ye & procuring more cruel wars, than the civil war between Mario & Sila, or of Cesar & Pompeio, who turned upside-down the Roman Empire. Wherefore I do determine to meet him by the way, & not to suffer him to come unto Mexico, for it is better to say, God save you, than they to come & say who is there? ye & though they are many, a good heart doth break evil fortune, as it hath appeared by us, who have passed thorough the pikes since our coming hither: moreover, I doubt not but that many of Naruaez his company will come unto us. Therefore my dear friends do I give, you advise of my pretence, to the intent the those which will go with me, let them prepare themselves, & those that will not, let them remain to keep Mexico & Mutezuma, which is as much in effect. At the end of his talk he promised great rewards if that with victory he returned. His men answered all with one voice, that they were all at his commandment, & ready to fulfil his will, yet some feared the pride & blindness of Pamfilo de Naruaez: on the otherside the Indians began to be lusty, to see dissension among the spaniards, & that the Indians of the coast were joined in league with the new come men.   

The requests of Cortes to Mutezuma.  
AFter all his talk & answer of his soldiers, he went to visit & to commune with Mutezuma for to depart on his journey, with somewhat the lesser care, & also to prove the mind & will of Mutezuma, unto whom he uttered his mind as followeth. Sir you know the love the I have, & desire to serve you, & chief the trust again, that you will have to my companions when I am gone from this city. Therefore I pray you: that it may please you to remain here in this lodging, & to have regard unto these strangers, 
Chw●●● Cortes.  which I leave with you, also I commend unto you, the gold & jewels which is in their custody, and given unto us of your own liberality. For I do now go to signify unto those which of late are comen in the new fleet, how your highness doth command that I depart from this land, and that they do not aggravate or molest your subjects, nor yet presume to enter into your country, but that they remain on your coast, until we be ready to depart with them, according to your will and pleasure. And if in the mean season, any of your subjects be so unadvised, as to molest my men, which now remain in your power and Guard, that then it may please you to be their shield, succour, and only defence. Mutezuma promised to fulfil his request, wishing him moreover, that if any in his journey should offend him, then immediately to advise him, and that he would send his men of war to chasten them, yea and also (if it pleased him,) he would give unto him guides to self conduct him through his own dominion to the Sea coast, who should provide him of all necessaries by the way. Cortes kissed his hands for his courtesy, with most hearty thanks for the same, and gave unto him certain Spanish apparel, and other glasen jewels, and also other like treasure to his Noble men, which stood by at all the talk. But in effect he told him not what he pretended to do, nor yet the news of Pamfilo de Naruaez his proceedings was not come to his ear, or else, it may be that Mutezuma dissimuled the matter with inward pleasure, that one Christian should kill the other, thinking thereby to have most sure his liberty, and the Gods pleased.   

The imprisonment of Pamfilo de Naruaez.  
COrtes was so well beloved among his company, that they offered willingly to go with him, by reason whereof he chose. 250. men fit for his journey, & left other. 200. in guard of Mutezuma and the City, with Pedro de Aluarado for their Captain. He left also with them the artillery and four foists ready made, to have the lake in subjection, beseeching them only to have special regard that Mutezuma fled not from them to Naruaez, and not to permit him to go out of their fort or strong house.  
With those few Spaniards Cortes took his journey with no more but oyght or nine Horsemen, and certain Indians for his service, and carriage.  
Passing through Chololla and Tlaxcallan, he was honourably received and lodged, and about fifteen leagues from Zempoallan where Naruaez was abiding, he met with two Priests, and his old especial friend Andres de Duero, who had lente him money for the setting for the of that voyage. These three persons came to require him to obey the General lately come as Lieutenant to the Governor Velasques, and to deliver unto him the Country, with all the forts or Castles therein, advising him, that if he would not accomplish the same, that then he would proceed against him, even as an enemy and Rebel, to the execution of death. Likewise, if he would fulfil the request made unto him, that then he should have liberty, and convenient shipping to departed, both for him, and as many as would go with him. Cortes answered, 
A stout man.  that he would rather suffer death, than to leave the Country which he had conquered and pacified with his hands and industry, without any commandment from the Emperor: and (quoth he) if against all equity and justice, he will contend with me in war, I will defend me as well as I may, and if I have the victory (as I trust in God and the right that I have on my side,) I shall not stand in need of shipping, and if I be slain, much less. Therefore I do require him to show unto me his commission and authority had from the Emperor, for until I do both see and read the same, I will accept no agreement: and if (quoth he) that he refuse the same, that then I dare warn, admonish, and require him to return to Cuba, the place from whence he came, and if he will not obey my precept, I will then apprehend him, and send him prisoner in irons to the Emperor: and with this answer dispatched the three messengers, sending also a notary of his own, to command him to take his shipping, and to depart without making any altercation in the Country, or the ensuing of further murders and strife, and if not, that upon whitsunday, which was within three days following, he meant to be with him at supper. Pamfilo de Naruaez made a mockery and jest at his commandment, and took Prisoner the Notary which came from Cortes with that order, holding Cortes for mad, who made so many brags with so small a company. And before john Velasques de Leon, and john de Rio, Cortes his friends, he mustered his men, who were in number fourscore Hargabushers, a hundred and twenty Crossbows, six hundred men, with other weapon, and fourscore Horsemen, 
An uncertain rec●oaing.  saying, how will Cortes defend himself against us, nay at length he will know his duty: he promised money to him that should either kill, or take Cortes prisoner. And the same offer made Cortes against Pamfilo, who made a round of his footmen, and skirmished with his Horsemen, shooting off his artillery, to put in fear the poor Indians.  
Naruaez signified again unto Mutezuma with the messengers who carried all the triumph and muste● pointed, all his former dealings, but hearing that Cortes was near at hand, he sent out his light Horsemen to dyscrie his Campe.  
All Naruaez his Horses were ready saddled and bridled, and his men armed. Cortes entered so close and secret, that no man almost heard him, and the first word he spoke, having all his men within with him, was, shut the gates, and strike, down with them. There were at that time many shining worms, which with their glistering seemed matches of Hargabushe, so that if one piece at that time had been discharged, they would have been in a great fear.  
Naruaez being about to put on his privy coat, came one unto him, saying: Sir, Cortes is near your lodging, let him come in (quoth he) for he cometh to talk with me. Naruaez had his men in four Towers of his lodging, and he himself was in the one, with a hundred spaniards, and at his door thirteen pieces of Ordinance ready charged. Cortes commanded his chief Sheriff Gonsalo de Sandoval, with forty or fifty of his fellows, to go up into Naruaez his Chamber, and he himself with other twenty men abode at the door to defend and keep that none might enter thereat, until he had finished his business. The residue of his men besieged the other Towers, so that they might not succour one another.  
Naruaez hearing the noise, would needs fight, although he was required to stay his hands, and coming out at his Chamber door, they struck out one of his eyes with a pike, and then they laid hand upon him, dragging and drawing him down the stairs by the heels, and when he saw himself brought before Cortes, he said, o Senior Cortes, thank your great fortune, in having my person prisoner, 
A dark night for Naruae●.  who answered him again, o Naruaez, the having of thy body prisoner, is the lest thing that I have done, sithence I came into this land. Cortes commanded forthwith to lay him in irons, and to carry him to the rich town of Vera Crux, where he abode prisoner certain years.  
This combat endured but a while, for within one hour Pamfilo de Naruaez, and the chiefest of his company were taken prisoners, and their weapons & armour taken from all the rest. There were slain of Naruaez his men sixteen, and of Cortes his side were killed only two persons with a piece of Ordinance. They had no leisure to give fire to their Ordinance, with the great diligence and haste of Cortes, saving unto one piece that killed the two men. The touch holes were stopped with wax, through the great rain that had fallen. By this mean those that were overcome, did take occasion to imagine that Cortes had suborned the master gunner, and others.  
Cortes used great sobriety and discretion, for he would not permit any of the prisoners to be reviled or misused with any injurious words, not nor yet Naruaez, who had spoken so much evil of him, although many of his men desired revengement. Pedro de Maluenda servant to james Velasques, who was chief Steward to Naruaez, fled to the Ships with all the stuff that he could get, without any let of Cortes. Here may you see what difference and advantage is betwixt man and man, what did each of these Captives say, think, and do, seldom time doth happen that so few of one nation doth overcome so many of the same nation, especially the greater number being fresh, lusty, and in a strong hold.   

The Rebellion of Mexico against Cortes.  
AFter that Cortes had obtained victory against Naruaez, he knew very well the most part of his company, unto whom he spoke courteously, praying them to forget the things past, and so would he also. And also likewise, that it might please them to go with him to Mexico, which was the richest City of all that India. He also restored to every man his armour and weapons, which were taken from them in their overthrow. He also left very sew of them prisoners with Naruaez. The Horsemen took the field with stomach to fight, but after they had heard of his offer, they submitted themselves. In conclusion, all those that were come, hoping of spoil, were glad to accept his offer, and to go with him with faithful promise truly to serve him.  
He renewed his power in Vera Crux, and brought thither the navy of Naruaez He also dispatched two hundred spaniards to the river of Garay, and sent also john Velasques de Leon with other two hundred men. To inhabit of Coazacoalco. He dispatched also a spaniard by post to Mexico, with news of the victory, and he himself followed toward Mexico, with the great care that he had of those whom he had left there in guard of Mutezuma and the City.  
The Post that went on this journey, in stead of thanks, was sore wounded by the Indian Rebels, but although he was so hurt, yet he returned to Cortes, with news that Mexico was revolted, and that they had burned the four foists, also assieged the Spanish house, and thrown down a wall, and mined another, yea and set fire ●pon the munition, taken away their victuals, and had brought them to such extremity, to be either slain, or remain prisoners, saving that Mutezuma commanded to cease the combat, yea and for all that they would not leave their armour, nor depart from the siege, only they somewhat amayned their fury for their prince's sake.  
These news were sorrowful to Cortes, for thereby his pleasure was turned into care, the rather to make haste to succour his friends and fellows, for if he had delayed his coming but a small while, he had found them either slain, or else their bodies ready to sacrifice: but his greatest comfort was, that Mutezuma remained still prisoner. He mustered his men in Tlaxcallan, and found of his Spanish nation a thousand footmen, and near a hundred Horsemen, He proceeded forwards toward Tezcuco, where he found none of the Gentlemen of his acquaintance, nor yet he there was received, as in time passed he had been, but rather he found a great alteration in the Country, and also many towns without people, or else rebelled. In Tezcuco met with him a spaniard, whom Aluarado had sent to desire him to come unto them, and to certify him of all the premises, saying moreover, that with his coming their fury would be pacified.  
With this messenger came another from Mutezuma, who declared unto Cortes, that his Lord was innocent of all that was done, praying him, that if he had conceived any evil opinion against him, to put away the same again, and that it might please him to go directly to his own house, where he abode his coming with the Spanish guard, that he had left with him, who were alive and in good health as he had left them.  
With this message, Cortes and his company reposed all that night, and the next days, being Midsummer day, he entered into Mexico at dinner time, with his hundred Horsemen, and the thousand footmen, with a great company of their friends of Tlaxcallan, Huexocinco, and Chololla, but he saw but few folk in the streets, and small entertainment, with many bridges broken, and other evil tokens.  
He came to his lodging, and all those of his company which could not well be lodged there, he sent them to the great Temple. Mutezuma came forth into the yard to receive him, full heavy and sorrowful, as it seemed, of that offence which his subjects had done, excusing himself: and then every one entered into his lodging and Chamber, but the joy and pleasure of Pedro de Aluarado was incomparable, saluting the one the other, with demands and questions how they fared, yea and how much the one company declared of prosperity and pleasure, the other again replied as much of sorrow and trouble.   

The causes of the Rebellion.  
COrtes procured to know the principal cause of the insurrection of the Mexican Indians, and having a general day of hearing, the charge being laid against them, some said, that it was through the letters and persuasion of Naru●●z: Others answered, their desire and meaning was, to expel the strangers, according to agreement made, for in their skirmishes they cried nothing but get you hence, get you hence: Other said, that they pretended the liberty of Mutezuma, for in their Combats they would say, let go our God and King, if you list not to be slain. Others said, that they were thieves, and had rob their gold and plate from them, which was in value more than seven hundred thousand ducats. Others cried, here shall you leave the gold that you have taken from us. Others said, that they could not abide the sight of the Tlaxcaltecas, and other their mortal enemies. Many believed that the mutinye 〈◊〉 for throwing down their Gods and Idols. each of these causes were sufficient to rebel, how much more altogether.  
But the chiefest and most principal cause was; that after the departure of Cortes toward Naruaez, happened a solemn holiday, which the Mexicans were wont to celebrated, and desiring to observe the same, as they were wont to do, they came and besought Captain Aluarado to grant them licence, & not to imagine that they were joined together, to kill the spaniards. Aluarado gave them licence, with such conditions, that in their Sacrifice should no man's blood be spilled, nor yet to wear any weapon.  
At this feast, six hundred Gentlemen and principal persons joined together in the great temple: some do say, that they were more than a thousand persons of great estate, but that night they made a marvelous great noise, with cornets, shells, cloven bones, wherewith they made a strange music: they celebrated the feast, their naked bodies covered with tele, made and wrought with precious stones, collars, girdles, bracelets, and many other jewels of gold, silver; and aliofar, with gallant tufts of feathers on their heads. They danced a dance called Mazevaliztli, which is to say, desert with pain, and so they call Mazaudi a husbandman. This dance is like Netoriliztli, which is another dance. The manner is, that they lay mats in the Temple yard, and with the sound of their Drums, called Atabals, they dance a round, hand in hand, some singing, and others answer, which songs were in the honour and praise of the Godor Saint, whose feast it is, hoping for this service to have rain, corn, health, victory, peace chyddrens, or any other thing that they may wish for, or desire.  
These Indian Gentlemen being occupied in their dancing and ceremonies, it fortuned that Pedro de Aluarado went to the Temple of Vitzilopuchtli to behold their doings, and whether his going was of his own accord, or by the consent of his company I am not certain, although some say that he was advised how the mutiny was there conspired, as after did follow: others hold opinion, that their only going to the Temple was to behold the marvelous and strange dance. And then seeing them so richly attyzed, 
A covetous desire and a vile.  they coveted their Gold and jewels which they were, and besieged the Temple with ten Spaniards at each door, & the Captain entered in, with fifty men, and without any Christian respect slew and murdered them all, and took from them all their treasure. Although this fact seemed odious unto Cortes, yet he dissimuled the matter, for fear lest he should hurt his own proceedings, as time did then require knowing not, what need he might have of them, but especially to avoid contention among his company.   

The threatenings of the Mexicans against the Spaniards.  
THe cause of this rebellion, being well known, Cortes demanded how their enemies fought, marry (quoth they) after they had taken weapon against us for the space of ten days arow, they never seized with great fury to assault and combat our house, and we with fear lest Mutezuma should escape and flee unto Naruaez, durst not go out of doors to fight in the street, but only to defend the house with especial care of Mutezuma, according to your charge given unto us. Also we being but few and the Indians many, who still refreshed their men, they did not only weary us, but also put us in great fear and clean out of courage, yea and if at the greatest brunt, Mutezuma personally had not ascended to the top of our wall, commanding them if ever they meant to see him a live, to stay and cease from their enterprise.  
At the sight of Mutezuma they were all amazed, and incontinent ceased the combat and assault. They said also that with the news of the victory had against Pamfilo de Naruaez, Mutezuma required his men to leave off from their pretence, not withstanding the Indians calling to remembrance, that Cortes was a coming with a greater company, at whose return they should have the more to do, began afresh to assault the house, whereupon some do think, that it was against the will of Mutezuma. But it followed, that one day the Spaniards standing in great peril, charged their greatest piece of ordinance, and giving fire, the piece discharged not, the Indians seeing the same, began a fresh with a marvelous terrible noise, using staves, Bows, lances, & stones that came as thick as Hail, saying now will ●●ée redeem our King, set our houses at liberty, and revenge our injuries. But in the midst of their fury the piece went of, without any more pryming or touch, with a great and fearful thundering, the piece being great and full of hail shot, with the main pellotte, made a strange spoil among them, and with fear they retired. But yet they began to say, well, well, shortly shall your flesh be boiled, although we mean not to eat it, for truly it is very carrion and good for nothing. But yet we will bestow the same upon the Eagles, Lions, Tigers and Snakes, who shall be the graves for your filthy carcases.  
But if forth with ye let not Mutezuma depart, and restore him to his liberty, ye shall quickly have your reward, for your presumption & pride, who durst be so bold, as to lay hand on Mutezuma being our God and Lord, that giveth us our daily food. And yet ye with your filthy thieves hands presumed to touch him, o how doth not the earth open & swallow you which taketh other mens goods. But mark the end, for our Gods whose religion you did profane, will reward you according to your desert, & if they do not shortly execute their wrath, then let us alone, for we will out of hand make an end of you. And as for those thieves and villains of Tlaxcallan your slaves, shall not departed praising their gains, who now presume to take their masters wives, ye and to demand tribute of them, unto whom they themselves are tributors. These & such like were the words of the Mexicans. But our men, although they were in a marvelous fear, yet they reprehended their folly, as touching Mutezuma, saying that Mutezuma was no God, but a mortal man as they were, and no better, and that their Gods were vain idols, and their religion most false and abominable, and that only our God was holy, just, true and infinite.   

The great extremity and danger that our men were put in by the Mexicans.  
IN hearing the former talk in defence of the house, and providing of things necessary, the night passed away. And in the morning to prove the Mexicans intent, Cortes commanded the market to be used as in time past. Aluarado wished Cortes to show himself toward him as aggrieved & not well pleased, making as though he would apprehended & correct him for the things passed, thinking that Mutezuma and his men would have entreated for him. Cortes passed not for that talk, saying that th●● were infidels, devilish and wicked people, with whom such complements should not be used.  
But he commanded a certain principal Gentleman of Mexico, who stood there present, that out of hand he should command the market to be furnished as in time past. This Indian understanding that Cortes had spoken evil of them, made as though he went to fulfil his commandment: but he went to proclaim liberty, publishing the heinous and injurious words which he had hard, so that in short space the matter began to ware hot, for some went and broke down the bridges, others went to call all the Citizens, who joined themselves together, and besieged the Spaniards house, with such strange noise that one could not hear another: the stones flew like hail, Darts and arrows filled the spaniards yard, which troubled them much. Cortes seeing this broil, he with certain of his men went out at one door, and an other Captain at another, with each of them two hundred men. They fought with the Indians who slew four Spaniards, and wounded many more, and of them were slain very few with their succour and defence at hand. If our men fought with them in the streets, than would they stop their passage at the bridges: if they assaulted their houses, than they were beaten with stones from the top of their houses which were flat ruffed, and at their retire they persecuted them terribly.  
They set fire upon the Spaniards house in sundry places, but chief in one place they could not aplake the fire a great while, until they threw down certain chambers and walls, whereas they had entered at pleasure, had it not been for the Artillery, Crossbows and handgunnes, which were there in defence of that place. This combat endured all that day until night, yea and in the night also they had their hands full: our men had little leisure to sleep, but rathe● spent the night in mending the walls and doors, and curing the wounded men who were more than four score, & likewise to set their men in order & readiness for the fight of the next day following.  
It was no sooner day, but the Indians began their assault a fresh, with more courage and fury than the day before, so that our men were fain to trust to their artillery, the which the Indians feared not a whit: for if a shot carried ten, fifteen or twenty Indians at a clap, they would close again as though one man had not been missing. Cortes came out with other two hundredth men, and gate some bridges, burned some houses, and slew many that defended them. But the Indians were so many in number, that no hurt appeared, yea and our men were so few in comparison of them, that although they fought all the day, yet had they much a do to defend themselves, how much more to offend. That day never a Spaniarde was slain outright, but three score of them were wounded and hurt, whereby they had enough to do to cure them for that night, and to procure remedy and defence against the hurts which they received from the house tops. 
A strange invention.  They invented Engines of timber made upon wheels, and four square, covered on the top, and with Art to pass through the streets: there were placed on each of them twenty men with Pikes, Hargabush, Crossbows and one double Base. Behind the Engines went men with shovels and Mattocks, to throw down houses, bulwark, and to rule and govern the Engines.   

The death of Mutezuma.  
ALl the while that the Engines were a making, our men came not out to fight, being occupied in the work, but only to defend their lodging. The enemies thinking that they were all sore hurt and wounded, began their wars again, reviling them with many injurious words, threatening them, that if they would not deliver Mutezuma, that they would give them the most cruelest death that ever man suffered, and came with great force to have entered the house.  
Cortes desired Mutezuma to go up into the sotie, which is the top of the flat roof of the house, and to command his subjects to cease from their heat and fury. At Cortes his request he went up, and leaned over the wall to talk with them, who beginning to speak unto them, they threw so many stones out of the street, houses and windows, that one happened to hit Mutezuma on the temples of his head, with which blow he fell down to the ground: this was his end, even at the hands of his own subjects and vassals against their wills: for the truth is that a Spaniarde held a Target over his head, whereby they knew him not, nor yet would believe that he was there, for all the signs and tokens which were made unto them. Cortes forthwith published the hurt and danger of life of Mutezuma: some gave credit to his tale, and othersome would not, but rather fought very stoutly. Three days Mutezuma remained in extreme pain, and at the end departed his life.  
And because it should appear that his death was of the stripe that they had given, and not by any hurt received at their hands, he caused two gentlemen of Mexico, who were prisoners, to carry him out upon their backs, who certified the Citizens of the certainty of his death, that at that present tune were giving battery to the house. But yet for all this they would not leave off the combat, nor yet the wars, as some of our men thought they would, but rather proceeded on their purpose, with greater courage and desire of revenge. And when they retired, they made a pitiful lamentation, with preparation to bury their king in Chapultepec. On this sort died Mutezuma, who was holden for a God among the Indians. Some say that he desired to be baptized at the Shrovetide before his death, and they prolonged the matter, thinking at Easter following to have christened him with honour and triumph. But as it happened, it had been better to have done it at that time according to his request. But with the coming of Pamfilo de Naruaez the thing was also delayed, and after he was wounded it was likewise forgotten, with the troubles that they were in. It was credibly informed, that Mutezuma was never consenting to the death of any Spaniarde, nor yet in conspiracy against Cortes, but rather loved him entirely: yet some are of an other opinion, and both give good reasons to approve their arguments, but the truth could not well be known, for at that time our men understood not the language, and again Mutezuma after his death, left none to open that secret.  
The Indians affirm that he was of the greatest blood of all his lineage, and the greatest king in estate, that ever was in Mexico. It is also to be noted, that when the kingdoms do most flourish, then are they niest to a change, or else to change their Lord, as doth appear in this history of Mutezuma. Our men lost more by the death of Mutezuma than the natural Indians, if we consider the murder and destruction that incontinent did follow. Mutezuma was a man very moderate in his diet, and not so vicious as other Indians, although he had many wives. He was also liberal and free hearted: he was esteemed for a very wise man, in my judgement he was either wise in letting things pass after that sort, or else a very fool, that did not understand their doings: he was as devout as warlike, for he had been present in many battles: it is reported that he wan and had victory in nine battles. & also other nine times victory man for man in the field, he reigned seventeen years and certain months.   

The combat between the Spaniards and the Indians.  
AFter the death of Mutezuma, Cortes sent unto his nephews, and to the other noblemen who maintained the wars, desiring them to come and speak with him, and they came, unto whom Cortes spoke from the wall where Mutezuma was slain, saying, that it were meet that they should cease from war, and to choose another king, and also to bury the dead, and that he would come to his burial as his friend: likewise he signified unto them, that for the love he bore unto Mutezuma who had entreated for them, he had stayed from the final spoil of the city, & correction of them for their rebellion and obstinacy. But now that he had not unto whom to have respect, he would both burn their houses, and chasten them, if that they submitted not themselves to his friendship.  
They answered, that they would neither leave the wars, nor yet esteem his friendship, until they saw themselves in their liberty, and their wrongs wholly revenged, yea and that without his counsel they could elect the King unto whom of right the kingdom did appertain. And sithence the Gods hath taken our well-beloved Mutezuma, we will give his body a Sepulchre, as unto such a King doth appertain: yea and if he would go and bear his friend Mutezuma company to the Gods, that then he should come forth, and they would quickly dispatch him: and as for the residue, they would have rather war than peace, yea and that they were not men that did yield with words. Also seeing their King was dead, for whose respect they ceased to burn their houses, roast their bodies, and eat their flesh, but now (quoth they) if ye departed not, we will not dally long time with you.  
Cortes finding them stout and stubborn, liked not the bargain. Again, he knew well that their meaning was, that if they had departed from the City, to have spoiled and murdered them by the way. And seeing that their lives, rule and government consisted in strength of hand and good courage, he came forth in a morning with the three engines, four pieces of Ordinance, and five hundred Spaniards, and three thousand Tlaxcaltecas, to fight with the enemies, and to burn and spoil their houses. They brought the engines near unto certain great houses which stood near unto a bridge, casting their scaling ladders on the walls, and so got up to the top where many people were, and there combated awhile, but shortly turned to their fort again, without doing any great hurt, with one spaniard slain, and many wounded, and also the engines broken and spoiled, yea the multitude of Indians were so thick, and flew upon the Ordinance in such sort, that they had no leisure to discharge them. The stones came also so thick from the house tops, that the engines were soon at an end. And the Citizens having housed them again in the fort and lodging, began to amend the hurt done in their houses, and to recover the streets that were lost: also the great Temple, in the Tower whereof, five hundred principal men had fortified themselves with victuals, stones, and long Lances, piked with iron and flint stone very sharp, but truly they did most hurt with stones. This Tower was high and strong, as I have before declared, and stood near unto the spaniards forte, which from that tower received much hurt. Although Cortes was somewhat sad and heavy, yet he ceased not like a good Captain to comfort and encourage his men, and always was the first man at any brunt or assay, and his heart could not permit him to remain penned up in that sort, wherefore he took three hundred spaniards, and went to assiege the high tower. Three or four days he ceased not that enterprise, but could not come to the top, being so high a thing, and many persons in defence of the same, well provided, with fit munition for the purpose, so that our men came daily tumbling down the stairs, flying to their house with broken pates, so that our spaniards dysmayed more and more, and many murmured at the matter: you may well judge how Cortes his heart was afflighted, for the Indians increased still in courage, having the better hand, and daily victory from the high Tower. 
A valiant man.  But now Cortes determined to leave his house, and not to return thereunto again, until he had won the Tower. He bound his Target to his arm which had been hurt before, and besieged the Tower again with many of his men, Tlaxcaltecas and other friends, and many times, although they were beaten down, arose again, succouring one another, till at length they got to the top, and there fought with the Indians, till some of them leapt out of the Tower, and stood hanging upon the lists of the wall, which were three in number, the one higher than the other, and a foot broad. Some fell down to the ground, who besides their falls, were received upon the sword point, and in this sort they left none alive. Three hours they fought on the top of the Tower, because the multitude of Indians were great. In conclusion, the whole five hundred men there died very valiantly, and if their weapon and knowledg●●●ad been equal, the victory had been doubtful. Cortes set 〈◊〉 on all the Chapels, and other three Chapels, wher● infinite Idols were, yet those silly Indians lost no poyn●● of courage with the loss of their Temple and Gods, which touched them at the heart, but rather began with more fury to assault the Spanish house.   

How the Mexicans refused the offer of peace made by Corcez.  
COrtez considering the great multitude of Indians his enemies, and also the great courage, with desire of revengement: and weighing also how his men were weak and wéeryed with fight, yet (I may say) with great desire to go from thence, if that the Citizens would have suffered them: he began again to require them with peace, and to desire them of truce, saying unto them also, that they should consider, how that many of their side were slain, and yet they could kill none of them. They being more hard hearted than before, answered that they utterly refused his offer, saying, that they never would have peace with those who had slained their men and burned their Gods: yea (quoth they) and although some of us are killed, yet we also do both kill and hurt, for ye are mortal men, and not immortal, as we are: behold ye also the number of us, upon Zoties, in windows and streets: assure yourselves there are three times as many within the houses. So we shall sooner make an end of you by killing one and one, than you shall do of us by kill a thousand by thousand, or ten thousand by ten thousand: for ending all these whom you see, there will come so many more, and after them so many more: but if ye were once killed, there would come no more spaniards, yea and when our weapons can not thoroughly destroy you, that then we will starve you to death with hunger and famine, yea and though now you would departed, it is too late, because the bridges are thrown down, and the calseys broken, and succour by water you have none. In this communications the day was spent, and night at hand, their heads occupied, and hearts full heavy, for hunger alone had been enough to finish their days, without any further war. That night, the one half of the number of spaniards armed themselves, and late in the evening came forth into the City. The Indians now being not accustomed to fight at such hours, the spaniards burned above three hundred houses in one street, and in some of them found many Citizens, of whom they left not one alive. They burned and spoiled three Zoties near unto their own lodging, which had greatly annoyed them before. The residue of the spaniards which abode at home, amended the engines, and repaired their houses. As this journey happened well unto them, early in the morning they proceeded out again, and went to the bridge where their engines had been broken, and although they found there great resistance, yet the matter imported their lines. They fought with noble courage, and got many towers, houses and Zoties. They wan also four of the eight bridges which were in the City, leaving guard in those places which were won, returning to their Camp with many wounds, keyng both weary and full of care and sorrow.  
The next days they came forth against, and wan the other four bridges, and dammed them up with earth, in such sort, that the Horsemen that way followed the enemies to the firm land. Cortes being occupied in damning up the ditches, and making plain way of the bridges, there came certain messengers unto him, saying, that near at hand, abode many noblemen and Captains to treat of peace, requiring him to come unto them, praying him to bring Tlamacazque his prisoner, who was one of the principallest of the devils Clergy there, to hear the treaty of the matter.  
Cortes went, and carried the Priest with him, whom he appointed to require them to cease from contention, and to remove their siege, but he came not back with answer. All this was a feigned fetch, to see the state of the Christian Camp, or else to recover their religious Tlamacazque. Cortes seeing their deceit, went his way to dinner, and was no sooner set at his meat, but certain Tlaxcaltecas came running in with an open cry, saying, that their enemies had recovered again the bridges, and went armed up and down the streets, and had also slain the most of the spaniards that were left in guard of the bridges, Incontinente Cortes went out with the horsemen, who were readiest at that time, and made way through the troop of enemies, following them even unto the firm land, but at their return, the footmen that were hurt and wearied in keeping of the street, could not sustain the force and fury of the infinite number of Indians, which came upon them, yea with much add they could escape home to their fort. The multitude was not so great of Indians in the street, but also by water in Canoas', so that stones flew on both sides, and galled our men cruelly. Cortes was hurt in one of his knees very sore, whereupon it was blown abroad through the City, that Cortes was slain, which news did greatly discourage our men, and much animate the Indians. But yet Cortes for all his pain and hurt, ceased not to embolden & encourage his Soldiers, who set afresh upon the enemies. At the farthest bridge fell two Horses, which troubled much our men that followed. Cortes made such way among the Indians, that the Horsemen had reasonable passage, and being the hindmost man himself, he was in great peril of taking. It was a marvel to see what a spring he gave with his Horse, and thereby escaped, but in conclusion, with stones they were forced to return to their hold, being very late.  
As soon as he had ended his supper, he sent some of his men to guard the street and bridges, and to defend the same against the enemy. They were somewhat joyful of their proceedings and good success which they had the same day.   

How Cortes fled from Mexico.  
But Cortes weighing the substance of the matter, saw in effect that his side went to wrack, wherefore he requested his men to depart from thence, who were not a little joyful to hear their Captain pronounce that saying, for few or none of them escaped unhurt and wounded. They feared death, but yet wanted not stomach and heart to die. The Indians were so many, that if the christians should but only have cut their throats without resistance, yet they had been too few for that purpose.  
They were also in such necessity of bread, that pinched them sore. Their powder and shot was spent, and almost all other provision. Their house was well-nigh beaten down about their ears. All these causes were sufficient to leave Mexico, and to seek to save their lives: yet on the other side, they judged it an evil cas●, to turn their backs to their enemies, for (quoth they) the very stones riseth up against him that flieth. They feared again the passage of the arches where the bridges had been, so that now they were full beset with sorrow, care, and misery: but in fine, they all agreed to depart that night, for many days before, one of their company called Botello, who presumed to have good skill in the Art of Necromancy, did declare unto them, that if they would departed from Mexico at a certain hour appointed, that then they should escape, or else not: but whether they gave credit to his sayings or not, they fully determined to depart that night, and like unto politic and good Soldiers, they prepared a bridge of timber to carry with them, to pass over the arches where bridges had been. This is most certain, they were all privy and agreed to the departure, and not as some report, that Cortes fled away, leaving above two hundred spaniards in the house, who knew nothing of his departure, and were afterwards all slain, sacrificed, and eaten in Mexico, for out of the City he could not have departed so secretly, but it should have come to their ears: how much more out of one house, where they were all together.  
Cortes called john de Guzman his Chamberlain, commanding him to open the hall where the treasure was, and called all the officers and others, to see the distribution of the same. First the king's portion was deducted, and he gave a Horse of his own, and men to carry it: and for the remainder, he willed every man to take what he listed, for he gave it frankly unto them. The soldiers which had come with Naruaez, & now served Cortes, were somewhat hungry of treasure, 
Reward of a covetous ●●nd.  so that they took as much gold and other riches, as they might possible carry, but it cost them dear, for at their going out of the City, with the weight of their heavy burdens, they could neither fight, nor yet make haste on their way, upon which occasion, the Indians caught many of them, and drew them by the heels to the slaughter-house of Sacrifice, where they were slain and eaten: yet those that escaped, had each of them some profit, for that pray was well worth seven hundred thousand Duchetes: but being things wrought in great pieces, they were troublesome to carry, so that he which carried lest, escaped best. Yet some do think, that there remained in that house a great part of the treasure, but it was not so, for after our men had taken what they would, than came in the Tlaxcaltecas, and made spoil of all the rest.  
Cortes gave charge to certain of his men, to guard with much respect, a son and two daughters of Mutezuma, Cacama, and his brother, and many other great Gentlemen his prisoners.  
He also appointed other forty men to carry the bridge of timber, and other Indians to carry the Ordinance, and a little grain of Centli that remained.  
The vanguard he committed to Gonsalo de Sandoval, and Antonio de Quiniones; and the reregarde he committed to Pedro de Aluarado, and he himself remained with a hundred men, to use his discretion. In this order, and with good deliberation, at midnight he departed from Mexico in a dark mist, and so quietly, that none of the Indians knew thereof, commending themselves unto GOD, beseeching him in their prayers, to deliver them from that present danger, and took the way of Tlacopan, being the same way that he came into the City.  
The first arch whereof the bridge was thrown down, they passed with the timber bridge which they carried with them at ease.  
In this mean time the watch and espies which warded in the highest temples, had descried their flight, and began to sound their instruments of war with a marvelous cry, saying, they fly, they fly: And suddenly with this noise, they having no armour to put on, nor other impediment, joined an infinite company of them together, and followed with great celerity, yea and with such a heavy and terrible noise, that all the lake pronounced the Echo, saying, let the cursed and wicked be slain, who hath done unto us such great hurt.  
But when Cortes came to plant his bridge upon the second arch of the City, there met him a great company of Indians to defend the same, yet with much ado he planted his bridge and passed there upon with five horsemen and a hundred Spaniards, and with them proceeded through the Calsey to the main land passing many perilous places, wherein swam both man and horse, for the bridge of timber was broken: this done, he left his foot men on the firm land, under the government of john Xaramillo, and returned back with the five horsemen for to secure and help the residue of his company which were behind. But when he came unto them, he found some fighting with great courage, but many slain. He lost also his gold and fardage, his ordinance and prisoners, yea in fine he found a marvelous change and alteration of the estate he left them in, whereupon like a good Captain he showed his wisdom and valour, helping and recovering as many of his men, as he might, and brought them into safety. He left also Captain Aluarado to secure the rest.  
But Aluarado with all his power and strength could not resist the fury of the enemies, wherefore with the Lance in his hand he began to fly, seeing the great slaughter of his company, so that he was forced to pass over the dead carcases, yea and upon some that were not thoroughly dead, who made a lamentable, pitiful, and doleful moan. And coming to the next arch, whose bridge was broken down, of necessity he took his Lance, and therewith leapt such a space, that the Indians were amazed to see, for none of his fellows could do the like, although they approved the enterprise, and were drowned for their labour.  
When Cortes saw this sorrowful fight, he sat him down, not to take any rest for his weariness, but only to bewail the dead men, yea and also them that were alive and in great danger, and also to ponder the unsteadfastness of cruel fortune in the perdition of so many his friends, such great treasure and lordship, so great a City and Kingdom, but also to bewail the sorrowful estate that he himself stood in, seeing the most of his men wounded & hurt, and knowing not whither to go, for that he was not certain of the help and friendship of Tlaxcaltecas. Yea and what hard heart, would not have relented to behold the dead bodies, who a little before had entered that same way, with such magnifical triumph, pomp and pleasure. But yet having care of those whom he had left on the firm land, he made haste to Tlacopan.  
This sorrowful night, which was the tenth of july in An. 1520. were slain about. 450. Spaniards, 4000 Indian friends, and. 46. horse, yea & (as I judge) all the prisoners which were in his company. If this mishap had fortuned in the day time, possible so many and so great a number had not perished. But where it fortuned by night, the noise of the wounded was sorrowful, & of the victor's horrible and fearful. The Indians cried victory, calling upon their devilish and filthy Gods with joy & pleasure, our men being overcome, cursed their unfortunate lot, yea the hour, and he that brought them thither, others cried unto God for succour, others said help, help, for I stand in danger of drowning. I know not certainly whether more perished in the water or the land, hoping to save themselves by swimming and leaping over the sluices and broken places, for they say, that a Spaniarde was no sooner in the water, but an Indian was upon his back. They have great dexterity & skill in swimming, so that catching any Spaniarde in the water, they would take him by the one arm, and carry him whither they pleased, yea & would unpanch him in the water. If these Indians had not occupied themselves in taking the spoil of those that were fallen and slain, certainly one Christian had not escaped that day: but in fine, the greatest number of Spaniards that were killed, were those that went most laden with gold plate and other jewels, & those which escaped, were they that carried lest burdens, & the first that with noble courage made way to pass through the troop of Indians.  
Now we may safely say, that the covetous desire of gold, whereof they had plenty, was cause of their death, and they may answer that they died rich. After that those, which had escaped, were passed the calsey, the Indians stayed and followed them no further, either for that they contented themselves with that which they had done, or else they durst not fight in open field: But principally it is thought, that they abode to mourn and lament for the death of Mutezuma his children, not knowing till then their sorrowful end. But now seeing the thing present before their eyes, they wrang their hands, and made a pitiful dole and cry, and the rather, because they themselves had slain them against their wills.   

The battle of Otumpan, a notable victory.  
THe Inhabitants of Tlacopan, knew not how our men came spoiled, hurie, and over thrown, and again our men stood in a maze, and knew not what to do nor whither to go. Cortes came unto them, & cenforted them & placed them in order before him, requiring them to make haste, until they might come into the broadefield, before such time as the men of Tlacopan should hear of the news passed, & so to arm themselves and to join with forty thousand Mexicans, who after the mourning for their friends, came marching after them. He placed in the vanguard the Indians his friends, and passed through certain tilled ground, and continually fought as they went, until they came to a high hill, where was a tower and a Temple, which is called our Lady church at this day.  
The Indians slew some of the Spaniards which came in the rearguard, and many of their Indian friends, before they could get up to the top of the hill. They lost much of the gold, that had remained, and with great hazard escaped through the multitude of Indians with life, their horses which remained alive, were four and twenty, 
A weary journey.  who were tired both with travel and hunger, & the Spaniards their masters, with the residue could scarcely stir hand or foot with weariness of fighting, and penury of hunger, for all that day and night they ceased not from fight, eating nothing at all.  
In this Temple were reasonable lodgings, where they fortified themselves as well as they might, and drank one to an other, but their supper was very slender. After their simple feast was ended, they went and beheld an infinite number of Indians, which had beset them almost round about, making a marvelous shout and cry, knowing that they were without victuals, which only is a war worser than to fight with the enemy. They made many fires with the wood of sacrifice, round about the tower and Temple, & with this policy, at midnight departed secretly. 
A painful man.  It happened that they had Tlaxcalteca to be their guide, who knew well the way, assucing to bring them into the jurisdiction of Tlaxcallan: with this guide they began to journey. Cortes placed his wounded men and fardage in the midst of his company, the soldiers that were whole and in health, he divided into the vanguard & reregarde: he could not pass so secretly, but that they were espied by the Indian scout, which was near at hand, who gave advise thereof incontinent. Five horsemen which went before to discover, fell among certain companies of Indians, which attended their coming to rob them, & seeing the horsemen, they suspected that the whole army was at hand, where upon they fled, but yet seeing them few in number stand and joined with the other Mexicans that followed & pursued our men three leagues until they came to a hill where was an other temple with a good tower & lodging, where they lodged that night without supper. They departed in the morning from thence, and went through a cragged & naughty way, to a great town the enhabitantes whereof were fled for fear, so that they abode there two days to rest themselves, to cure their men, & horses: also they somewhat eased their hungry stomachs and carried from thence provision, although not much, for they had none to carry it. And being departed from thence, many enemies pursued them & persecuted them very sore. Likewise the guide erred out of his way, & at length came to a little village of few houses, where they reposed the night: In the morning they proceeded upon their way, and the enemies still pursuing and troubled them sore all the day.  
Cortes was wounded with the stripe of a sling, 
Cortes wounded with a fling.  and therewith was in great danger of life, for his head so rancbled, that of necessity they were forced to take out certain pieces of his skull, whereupon he was driven to seek a solitary place in the wilderness to cure him, and in going thitherwards, the enemies wounded five Spaniards and four horses, whereof one died, and that was eaten among them for a sumptuous supper, and yet not sufficient for them all, for there was none of them which were not vexed with hunger. I speak not of their wounds and weariness, things sufficient to have made an end of life. But certainly the Spanish nation can abide more hunger than any other, and especially these with Cortes did show the proof. The next day in the morning departing from a little Village, and fearing the multitude of enemies, 
O noble Cortes.  Cortes commanded each horseman to take a sick man behind him, and those that were somewhat stronger, to hold by the horse tails and stirroppes: he likewise made cruches for other some to ease them, and would not leave one of his men behind him to be a pray and supper for the Indian enemies. This advise was very profitable as things fell out, yea also there were some of them that carried upon their back their fellows, & thereby were saved. They had not journeyed a fall league into a plain field, when there met them an infinite number of Indians who compassed them round about, and assaulted our men in such sort, that they verily believed that day to end generally their lives, for there were many Indians that durst wrestle with our men, man to man, yea and laid some of them in the dust, and drew them by the heels, whether it were with the great courage which they had, or whether it were with the travail, hunger and hurts of our men I know not, but great pity it was to see, how they were drawn by the Indian enemies, and what grievous moan they made.  
Cortes that went with vigilant care comforting his men, as much as was possible to do, 
O valiant Cortes.  and well perusing the great danger that they were in, commending himself to God, set spurs to his horse and made way thorough the greatest troop of Indians, and came unto the captain general who bore the Royal standard of Mexico, and passed him through with his Lance, whereof he incontinent died. But when the Indians saw the standard fallen, they threw their ancient on the ground and fled, scattering them here and there like men amazed, knowing not whither to fly, for such is their custom in war, that when they see the general slain, they forthwith leave the field. Then our weary souls began to recover heart and strength, and the horsemen followed them to their great annoyance and slaughter. It was credibly reported, that there were that day in field. 200000. Indians. 
200000. Indians.  And the field where this battle was fought is called Otumpan: there was never a more notable fact done in India, nor greater victory since the first discovery of the same. And as many Spaniards as saw Hernando Cortes fight that day, did hold opinion, that never one man did more greater feats in arms, and that he only was the mean in his own person to save and deliver them all.   

The entertainment which the Spaniards had in Tlaxcallan.  
AFter this victory obtained, Cortes with his company went to lodge in a house planted alone, in a plain ground, from whence appeared the Mountains of Tlaxcallan, whereof our men much rejoiced: yet on the other side they stood in doubt whether they should find them their friends in such a dangerous season, for because the unfortunate man that flieth, findeth nothing in his favour, for all thing that he pretendeth, happeneth clean contrary. That night Cortes himself was scout, not because he was more whole than his fellows, but like a good Captain, he divided the travail & pains equally, even as their hurt and damage was come.  
Being day, they journeyed in plain and strait way, directly to the Mountains and Province of Tlaxcallan, they passed by a sweet fountain of water, where they well refreshed themselves, and after they came to Huazilipan, a town of Tlaxcallan, of .4000. households, where they were lovingly received & abundantly provided for three days, which they abode there refreshing & curing their weary bodies. Some of the towns men would give them nothing without payment, but the most part did use them very gently: Unto this Town came Maxixca, Xicotencatlh, Axotecalth, and many other principal persons of Tlaxcallan, 
50000. men.  and Huexozinco with .50000. men of war, who were going to Mexico to secure the Spaniards, knowing of there troubles, but not of their hurt and spoil, yet some hold opinion that they having certain knowledge of all their mishaps and flight from Mexico, came only to comfort them, and in the name of all their commonalty and state, to offer them their Town, in conclusion, they seemed sorrowful for their misfortunes, and again joyful to see them there: 
Faithful friends.  Yea some of them with anguish of heart wept, and said, we did advise and warn ye, that the Mexicans were Traitors and wicked persons, and yet ye would not believe us: we do pity and bewail your troubles, but if it please you, let us go thither to revenge your injuries, and the doth of your Christians, and our Citizens and if now ye will not, that then it may please you to go with us home to our houses, for to recreate your persons, and to cure your wounds.  
Cortes did cordially rejoice, to hear and find such succour and friendship, in such good men of war, whereof he stood in doubt as he came thitherward. He gave them most hearty thanks for their loving offer, courtesy, and good william. He gave unto them of such jewels as remained, and said unto them, the time will come, that I shall desire your help against the Mexicans, but now presently it is needful, to cure my sick and wounded men.  
The noble men that were there present, besought him to give them leave to skirmish with the Indians of Culhua, for as yet many of them wandered there about. Cortes granted their request, and sent with them some of his men, which were lusty, and in good health, who proceeded forth all together, and in that journey slew many Indian enemies, so that after this time, the enemies appeared no more. Then with triumph, pleasure, and victory, they departed toward the City, and our men followed. It is credibly reported, that twenty thousand men and women met them by the way with sundry kinds of meats: I do believe that the most of them came to see them, for the great love which they bore unto them, and likewise to inquire of their friends which had gone with them to Mexico, of whom few returned. In Tlaxcallan they were honourably received, and well used. Maxixca gave his house to Cortes, and the residue of his company were hosted at gentlemen's houses, who cherished them exceedingly, whereby they forgot the pains, sorrows, and travels past, for in fifteen days before, they lay on the bore ground.  
Certainly the spaniards were much indebted to the Tlaxcaltecas, for their loyalty and faithful friendship, especially unto that good and virtuous Gentleman Maxixca, who threw Xicotencatl down the stairs and steps of the chief Temple, for giving his counsel to kill the spaniards, meaning to reconcile himself with the Mexicans.  
He also made two Orations, the one to the men, and the other to the women, in the great favour and praise of the spaniards, putting them in remembrance, how that they had not eaten salt, nor worn cloth of cotton wool in many years before, until now that their friends were come: and to this day these Indians do much presume of their fidelity, and likewise of the resistance and battle they made with Cortes in Teoacazinco, so that now when they celebrated any great feast, or receive any Christian vizeking, there cometh of them out into the field sixty or seventy thousand men, to skirmish and fight in the same order as they did with Cortes.   

The protestation and request of the Soldiers to Cortes.  
WHen Cortes departed first from Tlaxcallon towards Mexico to visit Mutezuma, he left there twenty thousand Castlins of gold and more, besides the King's portion which was sent with Monteio and Portocarrere. He left there also many other things if need should have happened in Mexico of money, or other things to provide his men in Vera Crux, and this he left there also, to prove the fidelity of his friends in Tlaxcallon. And after he had obtained the victory against Naruaez, he wrote unto the Captain that he should send for the same, for reason required that in all things they should have their parts.  
The Captain of Vera Crux scent fifty spaniards and five Horsemen for the same, who at their return, were slain and taken prisoners with all that treasure, by the men of Culhua who had rebelled through the coming of Pamfilo de Naruaez, robbing and spoiling sundry days. But when Cortes understood this news, his soy was turned to sorrow, not only for the gold and treasure so much, as for the loss of his men, fearing also some other war or uproar to have been in the rich Town of Vera Crux, whereupon he sent a messenger thither, who returned in short time, certifying that all the inhabitants there were in good health, and also all the Comarcans quiet, and without any token of alteration. This news and answer pleased Cortes and all his company, which desired to go thither, but he would not permit them, 
Exclamation.  wherefore they began to murmur and to exclaim, saying, what thinketh Cortes, what meaneth he to do with us? why, will he keep us here to die an evil death? what have we offended him, that he will not let us go? we are already full of weariness, our bodies are yet full of fresh wounds, we have spent our blood, and are now without strength and apparel: we see ourselves in a strange Country, and full of misery, environed with enemies, yea and without hope to come to that high place from whence we fell, yea than might we he accounted for worse than mad men, to come into the perils from whence we escaped: we mean not now to end our lives so desperately, as he would have us, for with the insatiable thirst of honour and glory, he esteemeth not his life, neither ours. He doth not likewise consider, that he wanteth men, horses, artillery, and armour, things so necessary for the wars, yea he also wanteth victual, which is a thing most principal: what shall we say, but that he erreth, and is deceived, in giving credit to these Tlaxcaltecas, who are like unto the other nations of ●ndia, which are light, changeable, and lovers of new things, yea and rather, in effect of troth, they better love the Culhuacans, than the Spanish nation, yea and although they now dissemble, yet when they shall see a great army of Mexicans come upon them, they will then deliver us alive, to be eaten, and sacrificed, for it is an old rule, that friendship doth not long endure betwixt them that are of sundry religion, apparel, and speech.  
After all these complaints and murmurations among themselves, they made a protestation and request, in form as it were in the name of the King and all the company, praying him incontinent to depart from thence, and to go with them to the Town of Vera Crux, before the enemies might disturb their way and passage, and then they to remain both bought and sold, and shut up as it were in a prison: also they declared, that in Vera Crux they should have better opportunity to make themselves strong, if that he meant to return again upon Mexico, or else to take shipping, if to it should seem convenient.  
Cortes hearing this request, and determination of hy● Soldiers, was at his wit's end, imagining that their presence was, only to procure him to go from thence, and afterwards to ra●●e him at their pleasures, and héeing a thing clean contrary to his pretended purpose, he answered them as followeth.   

The Oration made by Cortes in answer to his Soldiers demand.  
MY masters, I would do and fulfil your request, if it were a thing meet and convenient for you, for there is not one alone of you, how much more all in general, for whom I should not willingly adventure my goods and life, if he should need the same: for why? your deeds have been such, that I stand bound never to forget them, or else to show myself an ingrateful man. And think you not good friends, although I do not fulfil the thing which you so earnestly desire, that therefore I esteem not your authority: but in not granting to the same, I do exalt and esteem you in greater reputation: for why? in our departing now from hence, our honour is blotted and stained for evermore, and in abiding here, we shall like valiant men preserve the same. What nation is there, that had rule, dominon, and Empire in this world, that hath not been overcome at some time? What famous Captain returned home to his house, for the loss of one battle? none truly, for he that doth not persever, shall never triumph with Lady Victory: he that retireth, showeth that he flieth, and remaineth a mocking stock for all men: but he that showeth nobly his face, doth utter the courage of his heart, yea and is both feared, and also beloved.  
If we now should departed from hence, these our friends would accept and judge us for cowards, and refuse perpetually our friendship. Likewise our enemies would judge the same, and never hereafter stand in fear of us, which should be a great shame unto our estimation. Is there any among us, that would not hold himself affrented, if it should be said, that he turned his back and fled, how much more would it be a dishonour for us all to have the same report?  
I do much marvel at the greatness of your invincible hearts in battle: you were wont to be desirous of wars, and now that such just and laudable war doth offer itself, you do fear and refuse the same: sure it is a thing clean contrary to our nature. What is he that will prate of harness, and never ware none? It was never yet seen in all this India and new world, that any of our nation retired with fear. And would you now that it should be said, that Cortes and his company fled, being in security, and without peril or danger? I beseech God not to permit any such thing. The wars do much consist in fame: why then? what better thing would you desire, than to be here in Tlaxcallan in despite of all your enemies, yea proclaiming open wars against them, and they not dare to annoyed us? Therefore you may well consider, that here you are more sure than if you were from hence, so that here in Tlaxcallan you are honoured with security and strength, and besides this, you have all things necessary of physic and medicine to cure your wounds and obtain your health: yea, and I am bold to say, that if you were in your own natural Country, you should not have the like, nor yet so much made off.  
I do now mean to sand for our men that are in Coazacoalco and Almeria, and so we shall have a reasonable army: yea and although they come not, we are sufficient, for we were fewer in number when first we entered into this Country, having no friends: and likewise you know well, it is not the number that doth fight, but the courageous heart and mind. I have seen one of you discomfit a whole army, as jonatas did, yea and many among you have had victory against a thousand, yea ten thousand Indians, as King David had against the Philistines. I look daily for Horses from the Islands, and other armour and artillery we shall have from Vera Crux. And as for victuals, take you no care, for I will provide you abundantly, for they are things that always follow the conquerors: and as for these Citizens of Tlaxcallan, I bind myself that you shall find them trusty, loyal, and perpetual friends, for so they have promised me upon their solemn oaths, yea, and if they had meant otherwise, what better opportunity of time could they have wished, than these latter days, where as we lay sick in their own beds and houses, yea some of us lame, wounded, and in manner rotten, and they like loving friends have not only holpen you, but also served you with diligence of servants, for they would rather choose to be your slaves, than subjects to the Mexicans: their hatred is such to them, and their love so great to you. And because you shall see the troth, I will now prove them and you, against these of Tepeacac, who slew of late days twelve spaniards. And if this journey happen evil, then will I follow your request, and if it please God that it happen well, then will I entreat and pray you to follow my counsel.  
The Soldiers hearing this comfortable speech, began to lay aside their desire to go from thence to Vera Crux. They answered generally, that they would obey his commandment, it should seem with the promise made, touching the success of the victory in Tepeacac, and lightly seldom it happeneth, that a Spaniard saith no, when he is required to go on warfare, for it is holden for a dishonour and shame.   

The wars of Tepeacac.  
COrtez found himself at hearts ease with this answer, for it was a thing that had much troubled him: & undoubtedly if he had followed his fellows demand, he should never have recovered Mexico again, & they likewise had been slain in the way towards Vera Crux, for they had many perilous places to pass. Each one of them waxed whole of his wounds, saving some which died for want of looking to in time, leaving their wounds filthy & unbound, as Surgeons do affirm, with also their great travel & weakness, And likewise other some remained lame and halt, which was no small grief and loss: but the most part recovered health, as I have declared. After twenty days fully passed, which they had abode in Tlaxcallan, Cortes determined to make war with the Indians of Tepeacac, which is a great Town, and not far from thence, for they had slain twelve Spaniards, which came from Vera Crux towards Mexico. Likewise they were of the league of Culhua, and therefore were holpen by the Mexicans, and did many times great hurt to the inhabitants of Tlaxcallan, as Xicotencatl did testify. Cortes desired his loving friend Maxixca, and divers other Gentlemen, to go with him, who forthwith entered into counsel with the states and communalty of the City, and there determined with general consent to give unto him forty thousand fight men, besides many Tamemoz, who are foot carriers, to bear the baggage, victual, and other things. With this number of Tlaxcaltecas, his own men and horses, he went to Tepeacac, requiring them in satisfaction of the death of the twelve Christians, that they should now yield themselves to the obedience of the Emperor, and that hereafter never more to receive any Mexican into their town or houses, neither yet any of the province of Culhua.  
The Tepeacacs answered, that they had slain the Spaniards for good and just cause, which was, that being time of war they presumed to pass through their country by force, without their will and licence. And also that the Mexicans and Culhuacans were their friends and Lords, whom always they would friendly entertain within their town and houses, refusing utterly their offer and request, protesting to give no obedience to whom they knew not, wishing them therefore, to return incontinent to Tlaxcallan, except they had desire to end their weary days.  
Cortes innuited them divers times with peace, and seeing it prevailed not, he began his wars in earnest. Their enemies likewise with the favour of the Culhuacans were brave and lusty, and began to stop and defend their pretended entrance. And they being many in number, with divers valiant men among them, began to skirmish sundry times, but at the end, they were overthrown, and many slain, without kill any Spaniarde, although many Tlaxcaltecas were killed that day.  
The Lords and principal persons of Tepeacac seeing their overthrow, and that their strength could not prevail, yielded themselves unto Cortes for vassals of the Emperor, with condition to banish for ever their allied friends of Culhua. And that he should punish and correct at his will and pleasure, all those which were occasion of the death of the twelve Spaniards. For which causes and obstinacy, at the first Cortes judged by his sentence, that all the towns which had been privy to the murder, should for ever remain captives and slaves: others affirm that he overcame them without any condition, and corrected them for their disobedience, being Sodomites, idolaters and caters of man's flesh, and chief for example of all others. And in conclusion, they were condemned for slaves, and within twenty days that this wars lasted, he pacified all that province, which is very great: he drove from thence the Culhuacans: he threw down the idols, and the chiefest persons obeyed him. And for more assurance he built there a town, naming it Segura de la Frontera: he appointed all officers for the purpose, being a town situated in the high way from Vera Crux to Mexico, whereby the Christians and strangers might pass without danger. In this wars served like faithful friends the Indians of Tlaxcallan, Huexocinco and Cholalla, promising the like service and secure against Mexico, yea and rather better than worse. With this victory the Spaniards recovered great fame, for they were thought to have been slain.   

The great authority that Cortes had among the Indians.  
AFter all these things were finished, Cortes commanded & gave licence to all the Indian friends, to return home unto their houses, except his assured friends of Tlaxcallan, wh●̄ he kept in his company for the wars of Mexico: he now dispatched a post to Vera Crux, commanding that four of the ships which Naruaez had brought, should be sent with all speed to the Island of Santo Domingo, for men, horses, armour, powder & other munition, also for woollen cloth, linen, shoes, and many other things: and wrote his letters for the same to the licenciat Rodrigo de Figueroa, and to the whole magistrates of Chancery, certifying them of all their proceedings in that country, beseeching them of help and succour, and that forthwith to be sent by the messenger.  
This done, he sent twenty horsemen, two hundred Spaniards, and many Indians unto Zacatami and Xalaxinco, which were towns subject to the Mexicans, and placed in the high way to Vera Crux, who had slain certain Spaniards passing that way. This company went thither, with their accustomed protestations, which prevailed not, whereupon followed fire and spoil: many Gentlemen and other principal persons came to yield themselves to Cortes, more for fear than for good will, craving pardon for their offence, promising also not to offend again, nor yet at any time to take armour against the Spaniards. Cortes pardoned them, & then his army returned, with determination to keep his Christmas in Tlaxcallan, which was within twelve days following. He left a Captain with three score Spaniards in the new town of Segura, to keep that passage, and also to put in fear the Comarcans that dwelled thereabout: he sent before him his whole army, and he himself went with twenty horsemen from thence to Coliman to lodge there that night, being a city of his allied friends, and there to ordain and make by his authority, both Noble men and Captains in lieu of them which died with the disease of small pocks. He abode there three days, in the which the new Lords were ordained, who afterwards remained his especial friends. The next day he came to Tlaxcallan, being six leagues distant from thence, where he was triumphantly received. And truly at that time he made a journey most worthy of renown and glory.  
At this season his dear friend Maxixea was departed this transitory life, for whom he mourned clothed in black, after the Spanish fashion: he left behind him certain sons, of whom the eldest was twelve years of age, whom Cortes named and appointed for Lord of his father's estate, and the commons did certify it to appertain unto him. This was no small glory for Cortes to give estates, and also to take them away at his pleasure, yea and that those Indians should have him in such fear and respect, that none durst do any thing in accepting the inheritance of their fathers without his good will and licence.  
Now Cortes procured that every man should make his harness, weapons and provision ready and in good order: he made also great haste in building Vergantines, for his timber was already cut and seasoned: he sent unto Vera Crux for sails, tacle, nails, ropes and other necessary things, whereof the●e was store remaining of the furniture of the ships that were sunk. And having want of pitch, for in that country the Indians knew not what it meant, he commanded certain of his Mariners to make the same in the high Mountains where was store of Pine trees, and not far from the city.   

The Vergantines that Cortes commanded to be built, and the Spaniards which he had joined together to besiege Mexico.  
THe fame of prosperity which Cortes enjoyed, was wonderfully blown abroad with the news of the imprisonment of Mutezuma, and the victory against Pamfilo de Naruaez, whereupon there came many Spaniards by twenty and twenty in a company from Cuba, Santo Domingo, and other Islands. Although that journey cost some their lives, for in the way they were murdered by those of Tepeacac and Xalacinco, as is before declared, yet notwithstanding there came many to Tlaxcallan, whereby his host was much increased, beseeching him to make haste toward the wars.  
It was not possible for Cortes to have espies in Mexico, for the Tlaxcaltecas were known by their lips, ears, and other tokens, and also they had in Mexico guard and great inquiry for that purpose, by reason whereof he could not certainly know what passed in those parties, according as he desired, for to have provided himself of things needful: yet a Captain which was taken prisoner in Huacacholla, certified that Cuetlavac Lord of Iztacpalapan, nephew to Mutezuma, was elected Emperor after his uncles death, who was a wise and valiant man, and he it was that had driven Cortes out of Mexico, who now had fortified Mexico with many bulwark and caves, and with many and sundry sorts of weapon, but chief very long Lances, yea and planted them in the ground to resist and molest the horsemen. He proclaimed pardon and free liberty, without paying any tribute for the space of one whole year, yea and further as long as the wars should last, he promised also great rewards to all them that should kill any Christian, or expulse them from that country. This was a policy whereby he got much credit among his vassals, yea and gave them great courage to play the valiant men. All this news was found to be true, saving only Cuetlavac was dead. And that Quahutimoecin, nephew also, as some do say, of Mutezuma, reigned at that time, who was a valiant man and a good warrior, as hereafter shallbe declared, who sent his messengers through out his Empire, proclaiming as great rewards as Cuetlavac had done before, declaring unto them that it was more reason to serve him than strangers, and also to defend their old ancient Religion, and not to credit such Christians as would make themselves Lords of other men's goods, yea and make them slaves and captives as they had done in other places. Quahutimoc encouraged much his subjects, and kindled with his talk their wrath against the Spaniards: yet there were some provinces that gave no ear to his information, but rather leaned to our side, or else meddled with neither side. Cortes seeing the effect of the matter, determined forthwith to begin the wars: he mustered his men on Saint Steuens day, and found forty horsemen, and five hundredth & forty footmen, whereof four score were Hargabushiers, and cross bow men, niene pieces of ordinance, and little powder: his horsemen he divided into four squares, and his footmen into nine: he named & appointed captains, and other officers for the host, unto whom in general he spoke as followeth.   

The exhortation of Cortes to his Soldiers.  
MY loving brethren, I give most hearty thanks unto jesus Christ, to see you now whole of your wounds and free from diseases: likewise I much rejoice to see you in good order trimly armed, yea and with such desire to set again upon Mexico, to revenge the death of our fellows, and to win that great City, the which I trust in God shallbe brought to pass in short time, having the friendship of Tlaxcallan and other provinces, who have as great desire to see the overthrow of the Mexicans, as we ourselves, for therein they get both honour, liberty & safeguard of life. Also it is to be considered, that if the victory should not be ours, they poor souls should be destroyed and remain in perpetual captivity. Also the Culhuacans do abhor them worse than us, for receiving us into their houses and country: therefore sure I am that they will stick unto us unfeignedly. I must needs confess their unfeigned friendship, for present works do testify the same. They will not only be a mean to bring others their neighbours to our service, but also have now in readiness .100000. men of war, to send with us, besides a great number of Tamemez or carriers to carry all our provision. You also, are now the same which always heretofore ye have been, for I as witness being your captain, have had the victory of many battles fight with a .100. yea & 200000. enemies: we got also by strength of arm many strong cities, yea & brought in subjection many provinces, not being so many in number as we are now, for when we came first into this country we were not so many as now presently we are. Again in Mexico they fear our coming: it should also be a blot unto our honour that Quahutimoc should inherit the kingdom that cost our friend Mutezuma his life. Likewise I esteem all that we have done is nothing, if we win not Mexico, our victories should also be sorrowful if we revenge not the death of our dear fellows. The chief and principal cause of our coming into this country, was to set forth the faith of jesus Christ, & therewithal doth follow honour & profit which seldom times do devil together. In those few days that we were in Mexico, we put down the idols, we caused sacrifice and eating of man's flesh to be laid aside, and also in those days we began to convert some to the faith. It is not therefore now reason to leave of so laudable an enterprise, so well begun. Let us now go whither holy faith doth call us, and where the sins of our enemies deserveth so great a punishment, and if ye well remember, the Citizens of that city were not content to murder such an infinite number of men, women & children before the idols, in their filthy sacrifice, for honour of their devilish Gods, but also to eat their flesh, a thing inhuman, and much abhorred of God, and all good men doth procure, and especially Christians, to defend and punish such odious customs.  
Besides all this, they commit that horrible sin for the which the five cities with Sodom were burned by fire from heaven: Why then what greater occasion should any man wish for in earth, than to abolish such wickedness, and to plant among these bloody tyrants the faith of jesus Christ, publishing his holy gospel? Therefore now, with joyful hearts let us proceed to serve God, honour our nation, to enlarge our Prince's dominions, and to enrich ourselves with the goodly pray of Mexico, to morrow God willing we will begin the same.  
All his men answered with cheerful countenance, that they were ready to depart when it pleased him, promising their faithful service unto him. It should seem the rather with the desire of that pleasure and great treasure which they had eight months enjoyed before.  
Cortes commanded to proclaim throughout his army, certain ordinances of war for the good government of his host, which he had written among others: and were these that followeth: 

That none should blaspheme the holy name of jesus.  
That no Soldier should fight with his fellow.  
That none should play at any game, his horse nor armour.  
That none should force any woman.  
That none should rob or take any Indian captive without his special licence and counsellors.    
That none should wrong or injury any Indian their friends: he also taxed iron work and apparel, for cause of the excessive prices that they were there sold for.   

The exhortation made by Cortes to the Indians of Tlaxcallan.  
THe next day following, Cortes called before him all the Lords, Captains, and principal persons of Tlaxcallan, Huexocinco, Chololla, Chalco, and of other towns, who were there present at that time, saying as followeth. My Lords and friends, you know the journey which I have now in hand, to morrow God willing I will depart to the war and siege of Mexico, and enter into the land of your enemies and mine: And the thing that now I do require, and also pray, is, that you remain faithful and constant in your promise made, as hitherunto you have done, and so I trust you will continued. And because I can not bring so soon my purpose to pass according to your desire and mine, without the Vergantines which are now a making, and to be placed in the lake of Mexico, therefore I pray you to favour these workmen which I leave here, with such love and friendship, as heretofore you have done, and to give them all things necessary for their provision, and I do faithfully promise' to take away the yoke of bondage, which the inhabitants of Culhua have laid upon you, and also will obtain of the Emperor great liberty and privileges for you.  
All the Indians showed countenance of obedience, and the chiefest Gentlemen answered in few words, saying, we will not only fulfil your request, but also when your vessels are finished, we will bring them to Mexico, and we all in general will go with you, and truly serve you in your wars.   

How Cortes took Tezcuco.  
COrtez departed from Tlaxcallan with his Soldiers in good order, which was a goodly sight to behold, for at that time he had eighty thousand men in his host, and the most of them armed after their manner, which made a gallant show: but Cortes for divers causes would not have them all with him, until the Vergantines were finished, and Mexico besieged, searing want of victual for so great an army: yet notwithstanding he took twenty thousand of them, besides the Carriers, and that night came to Tezmoluca, which standeth six leagues from Tlaxcallan, and is a Village appertaining to Huexocinco, where he was by the principal of the Town well received. The next day he journeyed four leagues, into the territory of Mexico, and there was lodged on the 〈◊〉 of a hill, where many had perished with cold, had it not been for the store of wood which they found there. In the morning he ascended upwards on this hill; and sent his scout of four footmen and four horsemen to discover, who found the way stopped wish great trees newly cut down, and placed crosswise in the way: but they thinking that yet for war 〈◊〉 was not so, proceeded forth as well as they ●●ght, li● at length the let with great huge trees was such, that they could pass no further, and with this newe● were forced to return, certifying Cortes that the horsemen could not pass that way in any wise. Cortes demanded of them, whether they had seen any people, they answered 〈◊〉, whereupon he proceeded forward with all the Marsen●● 〈…〉 thousand footmen, commanding all the residue of his army to follow him with as much 〈…〉 might he, so that with that company which he carried with him, he made way, taking away the trees that were cut down to disturb his passage: and in this order, in short time passed his host, without any hurt or danger, but with great pain and travel, for certainly if the enemies had been there to defend that passage, our men had not passed, for it was a very evil way, and the enemies also thought the same to be sure with the trees which were crossed the way, whereupon they were careless of that place, and attended their coming in plain ground: for from Tlaxcallan to Mexico are three ways, of the which Cortes chose the worst, imagining the thing that afterwards fell out, or else some had advised him how that way was clear from the enemies. And being past this crooked passage, they espied the lake of Mexico, and gave unto God most hearty thanks for the same, and there made a solemn vow and promise, not to return, until they had won Mexico, or lost their lives. They abode there and rested themselves, till all the whole army● were come together, to descend down into the plain, for now they might descry the fires and beacons of their enemies in sundry places, and all those which had attended their coming by the other two ways, were now gathered together, thinking to set upon them betwixt certain bridges, where a great company abode, expecting their coming: but Cortes sent twenty Horsemen, who made way among them, and then followed the whole army, who slew many of them, without receiving any hurt. And in this order they came to Quahutipec, which is of the jurisdiction of Tezcuco, where they abode that night, and in that place found neither man nor Woman: but not far off was pitched the Ca●●e of the Indians of Culhua, which might be near a hundred thousand men of war, who were sent by the Seniors of Mexico, and Tezcuco, to encounter our army, in consideration whereof, Cortes kept good watch with ten Horsemen, and all his Soldiers were warned to be in readiness at a call, if need should happen.  
The next day in the morning he departed from thence toward Tezcuco, which standeth three leagues distant, and proceeding on their journey, four principal persons, inhabitants of Tezcuco, met with them, bearing a rod of gold, with a little flag, in token of peace, saying, that Coacuacoyozin their Lord had sent them to desire him not to make any spoil in his Country, and likewise, to offer his friendship, praying also, that it might please him with his whole army to take his lodging in the Town of Tezcuco, where he should be well received. Cortes rejoiced with this message, although he suspected that it was a feigned matter, but one of them he knew very well, whom he saluted, saying: My coming is not to offend any, but rather to do you good. I will also receive and hold your Lord for a friend, with condition, that he do make unto me restitution of the treasure which he took from five and forty Spaniards, and three hundred Tlaxcaltecas, all the which were by his commandment also slain of late days. They answered that Mutezuma caused them to be murdered, who had likewise taken the spoil, and that the Citizens of Tezcuco were not culpable in that fact, and with this answer they returned.  
Cortes went forward on his way, and came to Quahutichan and Huaxuta, which are suburbs of Tezcuco, where he and all his host were plented●●●y provided of all things necessary, and threw down the Idols. This done, he entered into the City, where his lodging was prepared in a great house, sufficient for him and all the spaniards, with many other the Indian friends. And because that at his first entry, he saw neither women nor children, he suspected some treason, and forthwith proclaimed, upon pain of death, that none of his men should go out. The Spaniards began to triumph in their lodgings and chambers, placing every thing in good order. In the evening they went up into the Zany's and galleries, to behold the City, which is as big as Mexico, and there they saw the great number of Citizens that fled from thence with their stuff, some towards the mountains, and others to the water side to take boat, a thing strange, to see the great haste and stir to provide for themselves, at the lest there were twenty thousand little boats (called Conoas') occupied, in carrying household stuff and passengers. Cortes would fain have remedied it, but that night was so nigh at hand, that he could not. He would gladly also have apprehended the Lord, but he was one of the first that fled unto Mexico. Cortes caused many of the Citizens, to be called before him, and having in his company a young gentleman of a noble house in that country, who was also last christened, & had to name Hernando, Cortes being his godfather, who loved him well, said unto the citizens, that this new Christian lord, Don Hernando, was son unto Nezavalpincintli their loving Lord, wherefore he required them to make him their king, considering that Goacnacoyocin, was fled unto the enemies, laying also before them his wicked fact in kill of Cacuza his own brother, only to put him from his inheritance & kingdom, through the enticement of Quahutimoccin, a mortal enemy to the Spaniards. In this sort was Don Hernando elected king, and the fame thereof being blown abroad, many citizens repaired home again to visit their new Prince, so that in short space the city was as well replenished with people, as it was before, and being also well used at the Spaniards hands, they served them diligently in all things that they were commanded. And Don Hernando abode ever after a faithful friend unto the Spaniards, and in short time learned the Spanish tongue: and soon after came the inhabitants of Quahutichan, Huaxuta and Auntenco, to submit themselves, craving pardon, if in any thing they had offended. Cortes pardoned them, and gave them licence to depart home unto their houses.  
Quahutimoc, Coacnacoijo and other magistrates of Culhua sent to rail upon those towns, for yielding themselves to the Christians, but they laid hold upon the messengers, and brought them unto Cortes, of whom he informed himself of the state of Mexico, and sent them back again, requiring their Lords of peace and friendship: but it prevailed not, for they were fully armed for the war.  
At this instant certain friends of james Velasques went up and down the Camp, 
A good correction.  procuring secretly a mutiny among the soldiers, to have them to return to Cuba, and utterly to destroy Cortes his proceedings. This thing was not so secretly wrought, but that Cortes had knowledge, whereupon he apprehended the doers thereof, and by their confessions the matter did plainly appear, whereupon he condemned to death one Antonio de Villafania, who was natural of Samora, and forthwith executed the sentence, wherewith the punishment and Mutiny was ended, and ceased.   

The Spaniards which were sacrificed in Tezcuco.  
Daily increased Cortes in strength and reputation, and many towns as well of the parts of Culhua as others came unto his friendship and obedience. Within two days that Don Hernando was made king, came certain gentlemen of Huaxuta and Quahutichan, to certify unto him, how all the power of the Mexicans was coming towards them, and to know if it were his pleasure, that they should carry their wives, children, and other goods into the Mountains, or else to bring them where he was, their fear was so great. Cortes made unto them this answer, saying: be ye of good courage, and fear ye not. Also I pray you to command your wives & families to make no alteration, but rather quietly to abide in your houses. And concerning the enemies, I am glad of their coming, for ye shall see how I will deal with them. But the enemies went not to Huaxuta, as it was thought: nevertheless Cortes having intelligence where they were, went out to encounter them, with two pieces of Ordinance, twelve horsemen and two hundred Spaniards, with many Indians of Tlaxcallan. He fought with the enemy, and slew but few, for they fled to the water. He burned certain towns where the Mexicans were wont to secure themselves. The next day came the chiefest men of three towns to crave pardon, and to beseech him not to destroy them, promising never to harbour nor succour, any of Culhua.  
The Mexicans hearing what these towns men pretended, with great ire made a foul correction among them, as did appear by many of them, which came unto Cortes with broken heads, desiring revengement.  
The inhabitants of Chalco sent also unto him for succour, declaring that the Mexicans made great spoil among them. But Cortes being ready to sand for his Vergantines, could not relieve them all, and especially with Spaniards: wherefore he remitted them to the help of the Tlaxcaltecas, and unto them of Huexocinco, Chololla, Huacacholla and other friends, promising that shortly he would come himself. But this answer pleased him not, yet for the present need they required his letters to be written unto those towns. And being in this communication, there came messengers from Tlaxcallan, with news, that the Vergantines were ready, and to know if he stood in need of any succour, for of late, (quoth they) we have seen many beacons, and fires, which are greater tokens of war, than heretofore hath been séne.  
There came at that time, a Spaniard also from Vera Crux, with certain news, that there had arrived a ship, which had brought thirty Soldiers besides the mariners of the ship, with eight horses, great store of powder, shot, crossbows, and harquebuses. The plesent news rejoiced much our men, whereupon Cortes sent forthwith to Tlaxcallan for the Vergantines, Gonzalo de Sandoval, with two hundred Spaniards, and fifteen horsemen, and commanded that in their way they should burn and destroy the town where the forty five spaniardes, and three hundred Tlaxcaltecas were slain, with five horses more, when Mexico was last besieged: and the village is in the jurisdiction of Tezcuco, and bordereth upon the territory of Tlaxcallan, yea, and for that purpose he would gladly have corrected and punished the dwellers of Tezcuco, but time than permitted not the same, although they had deserved more punishment than the others. For why? in their town they were sacrificed and eaten, yea & the walls painted with their blood, showing mo●● over perfect tokens, how it was spaniards blood. Th● 〈◊〉 off also the horses skins & tanned them in the hea●●, and afterwards hung them up, with the horseshoes in their great temple, & next unto them, the spaniards garments, for a perpetual memory.  
Sandoval went unto that place with determinate intent to follow his commission, & also before he came to the place, he found written in a house with a coal, these words: here in this house was a prisoner the unfortunate john ●ust, who was a gentleman, and one of the five horsemen that were taken. But the people of that town, being many, fled when they saw the Spaniards approach near unto them. But Sandoval followed them, and slew many of them: be took also prisoners, many women and children, who yielded themselves unto his mercy, and their bodies for slaves. He seeing so little resistance, and beholding the pitiful moan of the wives for their husbands, and the children for their fathers, had compassion on them, and would not destroy their town, but rather caused the dwellers to come again, and pardoned them, with oath, that hereafter they should serve them truly, and be unto them loyal friends. In this sort was the death of the Christians revenged, yet Sandoval asked them how they slew so many Christians without resistance, mary (quoth they) we made an ambush in an evil and narrow way, ascending up a hill, and there as they went up by one and one we spoiled them, for there, neither horses nor other weapon could defend or help than, so that we took them prisoners and sent them to Tezcuco, where, as is before deblared, they were sacrificed in the revengement of the imprisonment of Calama.   

How the Vergantines were brought from Tlaxcall to Tezcuco.  
Now when the enemies which murdered the Spaniards, were reduced and chastened, Sandoval proceeded forward toward Tlaxcallan, and at the border of that province, he met with the Vergantines which were brought in pieces, as tables, planches, and nails, with all other furniture, the which eight thousand men carried upon their backs.  
There came also for their safeconduicte twenty thousand men of war, and a thousand Tamemez, who were the carriers of victuals, and servants. Then the Spanish Carpenters said unto Sandoval, that for as much as they were now come into the country of enemies, it might please him to have regard thereunto, for dangers that might happen: he allowed well their judgement.  
Now Chichimecatetl, being a principal man and a valiant also, was captain of a thousand men, & desired to have the vanguard with the Timber, and having had the same charge hitherunto, it should be an affrent for him, to be put from it, and gave many reasons in his behalf. But notwithstanding his request, he was entreated to take the reregarde. And that Tutipil and Teutecatl captains, very principal gentlemen, should have the vanguard, with ten thousand men. In the midst were placed the Tamemez, and those that carried the foist, with all the apparel of the Vergantines. Before those two captains, went a hundred Spaniards, and eight horsemen, and behind and last came Sandoval with all the residue, and seven horsemen. But now although Chichimecatetl was offended, touching his first charge, now much more because the Spaniards were not in his company, saying (quoth he) ye take me not for valiant, or else not faithful. That matter being pacified, and every thing in good order, they took their way toward Tezcuco, with a marvelous noise, crying, Christians, Christians, Tlaxcallan, Tlaxcallan, and Spain.  
On the fourth day they entered into Tezcuco, in very good order, with the sound of drums, snayle-shelles, and other like instruments of Music, and against their entry into the City, they put on all their bravery of clotheses, and bushes of feathers, which truly was a gallant sight: they were six hours, in entering into the town, keeping their array.  
Cortes came forth to receive them, and gave great thanks unto the gentlemen, and all the company, and provided them of good lodgings and entertainment.   

Of the Dock or trench which was made to launch, the Vergantines.  
Many provinces of India, came to submit and offer their service unto Cortes, some for fear of destruction, and others for the hatred which they bore to the Mexicans: So that now Cortes was strong both with Spaniards and Indians. Also the Spanish Captain of Segura, sent a letter to Cortes, the which letter he had received of another spaniard, the effect thereof was as followeth. Noble gentlemen, diverse times I have written unto you, but as yet I never received answer, nor yet now do I I think otherwise, notwithstanding ye shall understand, that the Culhuacans have done much hurt in this country, but we remain with victory. This province desireth to see and know Captain Cortes, for to tender themselves unto him, and now they stand in need of our nation, wherefore it may please you to send unto us thirty Spaniards.  
Cortes answered the letter in such sort, that he then presently could not send the thing desired, for that he was ready to the siege of Mexico: notwithstanding he gave them great thanks, with hope shortly to see them. He that writ the former letter, was one of the Spaniards that Cortes had sent to the province of Chinanta, a year paste, to inquire of the secrets of that place, and to seek for gold and other commodities. And if it so happened, that the Lord of that place made that Spaniarde a Captain, against the Culhuacans their enemies, for Mutezuma made them war being far from Mexico, because they had entefrayned the Spaniards. But through the industry of that Christian, the Lord abode always with victory, and having understanding that some of his nation were in ●epeacac, he wrote so often as the letter declareth, but none of them came to their hands, but only this last letter: our men rejoiced much to hear that the Spaniards were alive, and also the Lord of Chinanta to be their friend: likewise they marveled much how they had escaped, for at the time that they fled from Mexico, all other Spaniards that were abiding in the mines and other Lordships, were slain by the Indians.  
Cortes made his preparation for the siege of Mexico with all haste, and furnished him with scalling ladders, and other necessaries, fit for such a purpose. His Vergantines being nailed, and thoroughly ended, he made a sluise or trench of half a league of length, twelve foot broad & more, and two fathom in depth. This work was fifty days a doing, although there were four hundred thousand men daily working, truly a famous work and worthy of memory.  
The Vergantines were calked with Tow and cotton will, and for want of tallow and oil, they were (as some report,) driven to take man's grease, 
A strange tallow.  not that they slew men for that effect, but of those which were slain in the wars. The Indians who were cruel and bloody butchers, using sacrifice, would in this sort open the dead body, and take out the grease. The Vergantines being launched, Cortes mustered his men, and found nine hundred spaniards, of the which were 86. Horsemen, and a hundred and eyghtéene with Crossbows and Hargabushes, and all the residue had sundry weapons, as swords, daggars, Targets, Lances, and Halberds. Also they had for armour, corselets, coats of mail, and jacks. They had moreover three great pieces of cast iron, fifteen small pieces of brass, and ten hundred weight of powder, with store of shot. All that ye have heard, was the provision that Cortes had for the siege of Mexico, the strongest and greatest City in all India and new world. In each Vergantine he placed a piece of brass. He proclaimed again all the institutions and ordinances of the war, praying and commanding that they might be well and faithfully observed, and said, Brethren and my fellows, now do you see our vessels ready, yea and also you do remember how troublesome a thing it hath been to bring them hither with the cost and sweat of our friends, and one of the chiefest hopes that I have shortly to win Mexico, are these vessels, for with them we will burn all their Canoas', or else we will so lock them up, that they shall not help them, whereby we will annoyed our enemy as much that way, as our army shall do by land. I have also a hundred thousand men of war my friends to besiege this City, who are (as you know) the valiantest men in all these parties. You have also your victuals provided abundantly, and that which now importeth, is, that you play the men, as heretofore you have done, and most humbly to pray unto God for victory, for that this war is his.   

The order of the host and army of Cortes for to besiege Mexico.  
THe next day following, Cortes sent unto the provinces of Tlaxcallan, Huexocinco, Chololla, Chal, and other Towns, warning than within ten days to come unto Tezcuco, with their armour, weapon, and other necessaries, for the siege of Mexico. He certified them also, how the Vergantines were ready with all other furniture accordingly, and the spaniards were very desirous to loose no time, wherefore they meant not to delay their pretence, farther than the day appointed.  
The Indians hearing this news, and because they would not come too late to the beginning of the assault, came incontinente, and entered into Tezcuco in good order of war, above sixty thousand men, gallantly trimmed after their use and custom. Cortes friendly welcomed them, and provided them lodgings accordingly.  
On whitsunday, all the spaniards came into the field, whereas Cortes made three chief Captains, among whom he divided his whole army. Unto Pedro de Aluarado the first Captain, he appointed thirty horsemen, and a hundred and seventy footmen of the spaniards, two pieces of ordinance, and thirty thousand Indians, commanding him to camp in Tlacopan. Unto Cristoval de Olid the second Captain, he gave three and thirty Horsemen, and a hundred and eighteen footmen of the Spanish nation, two pieces of ordinance, and thirty thousand Indians, and appointed him so pitch his camp in Culhuacan. To Gonsalo de Sandoval who was the third Captain, he gave three and twenty Horsemen, and 160. footmen, two pieces of Ordinance, and 40000. Indians, with commission to choose a place to pi●ch his Campe.  
In every Vergantine he planted a piece of ordinance, six hargabushes, or crossbows, and 23. Spaniards, men most fittest for that purpose. He appointed also Captains for each, and himself for general, whereof some of the chiefest of his company began to murmur that went by land, thinking that they had been in greater danger, wherefore they required him to go with the main battle, and not by water. Cortes little esteemed their words, for although it is more danger in the water than in the land, yet it did more import to have greater care in the wars by water, than on the land, because his men had been in the one, and not in the other.  
On the tenth of May Aluarado, and Cristoval de Olid departed, and went that night to a Town called A colman, where was between them great discord touching their lodgings, yea and if Cortes had not sent to take up the matter, much mischief had ensued. The next day they lodged in X●l●t●pe●, which was not inhabited. The third day they came unto Tlacopan, which was also as all the Towns of the lake, without people, there they were lodged in the lords house of the Town.  
The Tlaxcaltecas began to view Mexico by the calsey, and fought with their enemies, until the night made them to cease.  
On the thirteenth of May, Cristoval de Olid came to Chapultepec, and broke the conduits of sweet water, whereupon Mexico was destitute of the same, being the conduit that did provide all the City. Pedro de Aluarado with his company procured to amend all the broken places of the calsey, that the horsemen might have free passage, and having much to do in these affairs, he spent three days, and fight with many enemies, some of his men were hurt, and many Indian friends slain. Aluarado abode in Tlacopan with his army, and Cristoval de Olid retired to Culhuacan with his men, according to the instruction received from Cortes, and fortified themselves in the lords houses of the Town, and every day skirmished with the enemies, and some went to the Towns near at hand, and brought Centli, fruit, and other provision. In this business they occupied themselves a whole week.   

The Battle and victory of the Vergantines against the Canoas'.  
THe new King Quahutimoc having intelligence how Cortes had launched his Vergantines and so mighty a power to besiege Mexico, entered into counsel with the chiefest peers of his Realm. Some were of opinion, and did provoke him to the wars, considering their great multitude of people, and fortitude of the City.  
Others were of opinion, who tendered much the common weal, that no spaniard that should happen to be taken prisoner should be sacrificed, but rather to be preserved for conclusion of peace if need should so require. And finally some said, that they should demand of their Gods what was best to do.  
The King that inclined himself more to peace than to war●e, said that he would remit the matter to the judgement of the idols, and that he would advise them what answer should be made unto him but: in heart he desired to come to some honest order and agreement with Cortes, fearing the thing that after did ensue. But seeing his Counsel and subjects so determined to war, he commanded four Spaniards which he had prisoners in a cage, to be sacrificed unto the Gods of war, with a great number more of Indians.  
He spoke to the Devil in the image of Vitzilopuchtli, 
A Devilish sentence.  who answered him that he should not fear the Spaniards being but few, nor yet those which were comen to help them, for that they should not long abide in the siege, commanding him to go forth and to encounter them without fear, for he would help them and kill his enemies. With this answer of the devil, Quahutimoc commanded forthwith to break down the bridges, watch the City, make bulwarks, and to arm five thousand boats, and said unto the Spaniards, that the Gods would be pleased with the sacrifice of their bodies, the Snakes filled with their blood, and the Tigers relieved with their flesh, they said also to the Indians of Tlaxcallan, ah ye Cuckold knaves, slaves and traitors to your gods and king, will you not repent the wickedness which ye have committed against your masters, therefore shall you now die an evil death, for either you shall die with hunger, or else upon the knife: and then will we eat your flesh, and make thereof solemn a banquet as the like hath heretofore never been seen, and in token thereof hold take these arms and legs which we throw unto you of your own men, which we have now sacrificed for the obtaining of victory. And after these wars we will go unto your country and spoil your Town, & leave no memory of your blood or generation. The Tlaxcaltecas laughed at their mad talk, and said, that it should be better for them to yield and submit themselves to Cortes his mercy, and if not, yet it were more honourable to fight than to brag, willing them to come out into the field. And bade them assuredly believe, that the end of all their knavery was at hand: it was a world to hear and see the brags and cracks on both sides. Cortes hearing of all these matters, sent Sandoval to take Iztacpalapan, and he embarked himself to meet him at that place.  
Sandoval combated the town on the one side, and the towns men and people with fear fled unto Mexico, on the otherside by water: he burned the town. Cortes came at the time to a strong rock like a tower, situated in the water, where many men of Culhua were, who seeing them approach with their Vergantines, set their beacons on fire, and threw down upon them stones and shot of their arrows. Cortes went ashore with a hundredth and fifty men, and combated the fort, till at length he wan the battlement, which was the Indians best defence, and with much ado he came to the top, and there sought until he had not left one alive, saving women and children. It was a fair victory, although five and twenty spaniards were hurt and wounded, yet the fort was strong, and the overthrow a great discouraging of the enemy.  
At this instant were so many beacons and other fires made round about the lake and upon the hills, that all seemed a light fire. And also the Mexicans hearing that the Vergantynes were coming, they came out in their boats, with five hundredth Gentlemen which came to see such new kind of vessels, and to prove what they were, being a thing of so great a fame. Cortes embarked himself with the spoil of the fort, and commanded his men to abide all together for the better resistance, and because the enemies should think that they feared, whereupon they might without any good order give the onset upon the Christians, and so to fall suddenly into the snare. But it followed, that when they came within shot of the Spaniards ordinance: they stayed abiding more company, but in short space there came so many Canoas', that it seemed a wonder to behold: They made such a terrible noise with their voices, drums, Snail shells, and other like instruments of war, that they could not hear one an other, with such great cracks and brags, as they had done in time paste.  
And being both parties in a readiness to fight, there happened such a poupewinde to the Vergantines which came from the shore, that it seemed marvelous. Cortes then praising God, commanded all his Captains to give the onset altogithers, & not to cease until the enemies should be driven to retire into Mexico, for that it was the pleasure of God to send unto them that prosperous wind in token of victory. This talk ended, they began to set upon the enemy, who seeing the Vergantines come with such lucky wind, yea & such a sight as the like unto them had not been seen, they began to fly with such great haste, that they spoiled, broke, and sunk many of them, and such as stood to defend themselves were slain, so that this battle was soon ended. They pursued them two leagues, until they had locked them up in the water streets of Mexico, and took many Lords and Gentlemen prisoners. And the key of all these wars ●●sisted in this victory, for our men remained for Lords of the whole lake, and the enemy with great fear and loss: they had not been so soon spoiled, but that there were so many of them, who disturbed one an other. But when Aluarado, and Cristoval de Olid saw the fortunate success of Cortes by water, they entered the calsey with their army, and took certain bridges and bulwarks, and drove the Indians from them, with all their force and strength: But with the help of the Vergantines which came unto them, the Indians were driven to run a whole league upon the calsey, and where they found the calsey broken, they procured to leap over, and so fell into the midst.  
Cortes proceeded forwards, and ●indyng no Canoas', he landed upon the calsey that cometh from Iztacpalapan, with thirty men, and combated two towers of idols which were walled with wall of lime and stone: it was the same place where Mutezuma received Cortes. He won those towers in short time, although they were defended with all possibility: he unshipped three pieces of ordinance to scour the calsey, which was full of enemies: at the first shot he did great hurt among them, and being the night at hand, they seized on both sides for that day. And although Cortes had determined otherwise with his Captains, yet he abode there that night, and sent to the camp of Gonsalo de Sandoval for powder and fifty men, with half the company of Indians of Culhuacan.   

How Cortes besieged Mexico.  
THe night of Cortes his abiding there, was perilous, for he had not above a hundredth men in his company, and about midnight set upon him many Mexicans both by water and land, although they accustomed not to fight in the night, but the Vergantines made them soon to retire.  
In the morning came unto Cortes from Cristoval de Olid, eight horsemen, and four score footmen. The Mexicans combated the towers, where Cortes was lodged, who incontinent came forth & drove them along the calsey, until he had won an other bridge and a bulwark, and made a great spoil among them, with the ordinance & horse men, pursuing them to the utmost houses of the City: and because many of the Canoas' which were on the other side of the calsey galled Cortes and his men, he broke down so much of the calsey, that he might well pass some of his Vergantines to the otherside, the which with few encounters shut up the Canoas' on that side, within the succour of Mexico: and in this wise he remained Lord over both the lakes.  
The next day Sandoval departed from Iztacpalapan toward Culhuacan, and in his way he took and spoiled a little City that standeth in the lake, because they came out to resist him. Cortes sent unto him two Vergantines to pass his men where the ca●●ey was broken. Sandoval left his company with Cristoval de Olid, and went to Cortes with ten horsemen, and when he came he found him in fight with the enemies, and he alighting from his horse, an Indian pierced him through the foot with a dart. Many Spaniards were hurt that day, but their grief was well revenged, for from that day forward the Indians courage was much abated. With the pains, labour and victory already obtained, Cortes might now at ease pitch his camp at his own pleasure where he would, and also provide his army of victuals: six days he ceased not skirmishing, and the Vergantines likewise found out channels that they might go round about the City, yea and went spoiling and burning many houses within the Suburbs.  
Mexico was besieged in four places, although at the first they determined but three. Cortes was placed betwixt the two towers of the calsey: Pedro de Aluarado in Tlacopan● Cristoval de Olid in Culhuacan: Gonsalo de Sandoval in Xaltoca: for they had advise that the same way they would flee out of the City, seeing themselves in any danger. It would not have grieved Cortes to have left a passage for the enemy, but only because they should not profit themselves upon the land, and provide the City that way of armour & victual, yea, he also thought to prevail against his enemies better upon the land than upon the water. And again according to the old proverb, When thine enemy flieth make him a bridge of silver.   

The first skirmish within the city of Mexico.  
COrtes pretended to enter the City, and to get what he could, & also to see what stomach the enemy had: he sent to advise his captains, that each of them should do the like, requiring them to send unto him some of their horsemen and footmen. He gave special commandment to Cristoval de Olid to have regard to the keeping of his calsey, and to foresee that the inhabitants of Xo●hmilco, Culhuacan, Iztacpalapan, Vitzalopachtli, Mexicalcinco, Cuetlavac, & other cities thereabouts come not that way behind them and unwares. He commanded that the Vergantines should go along the calsey on both the sides, of any need should happen. Cortes early in the morning came out of his camp with. 200. Spaniards and. 80000. Indian friends: they had gone but a small space, when they met with their en●mies well armed, keeping the gap where the calsey was broken, which broken place might be a spears length, and as much in depth. They fought with them, who for a great space defended themselves behind a bulwark, but in fine he wan the passage, and followed them unto the entrance of the city, where was a Tower, and at the foot thereof a bridge drawn, where a good stream of water passed. This place was very strong to combat, yea and fearful to behold the passage where the draw bridge was. They ceased not shooting of arrows and hurling of stones, so that our men could not come near, until the Vergantines came, and by means of them they wan that fort with lesser pains than they imagined: for without the Vergantines it had not been possible to have entered the City.  
The enemies being now fled from that hold, our men alanded there, with the Indian friends, who incontinent dammed up the broken place with stones and earth. The Spaniards of the vanguard, took another bulwark, which was planted in the largest and fairest street of the City, and pursued the enemy to another draw bridge, which remained, but with one post or beam, upon the which many of the Indians passed over, and then took the beam away and abode to defend the place: but when our men approached & saw how the matter went, Cortes commanded two pieces of Ordinance to be brought, with the which, and with their harquebuses, they did great hurt among the Mexicans, who began to faint, and loose their courage, the which being understood, certain Spaniard's swan over where the draw bridge was, with their weapons in their mouths. But when the enemy saw them pass over, they began, as well from that place as from the house tops, zoties and bulwark, which they had defended for the space of two hours, to fly. Cortes and his whole army being passed over, he commanded to dam up that broken place of the draw bridge, with earth, rubbish and stones, and proceeding forward they came to an other bridge which had no bulwark, but was near one of the chiefest places of the city, and there placed a piece of ordinance wherewith they did great hurt, and seeing them now past all the bridges, they determined to enter into the heart of the City. When the Mexicans perceived their determination, they began to provide every one for himself, for some fled one way and some another, but the most went to the great temple of Idols. The Spaniards and their friends pursued after them, and among the throng got into the Temple, where they slew many, and at length they went up into the high tower, and there threw down the idols, among whom they made a great spoil.  
Quahutimoc began to reprehend his men for their cowardie and ●light, who gathered themselves together, and considering their oversight, and that there were no horses, began a fresh to set upon the spaniards, and with force and strength drove them out of all the circuit of the Temple, and made them trust to their feet. But when Cortes saw his men come flying, he caused them to return and to show face unto the enemy, declaring unto them how shameful a thing it was to fly: But seeing the strength and multitude of their enemies, they had no other remedy but only to retire to the great market place, yea & from thence also they were expelled, and lost a piece of their ordinance. But being now in this extremity, there came three horsemen who played the valiant men and made way through the troop of enemies, who at the sight of the horses began to fly, and our men to follow with such heart and courage, that in short time they won the great temple again: then came other six horsemen who joined with the other three and lay in ambush, where they flew. 30. Mexicans: The day being now far spent, and the night at hand, Cortes commanded his army to retire, and they obeying his commandment, had not so soon turned their backs, but an infinite number of enemies were at their heels, who if it had not been for the Horsemen, had slain many spaniards, for they came upon them like ravening dogs without any fear, yet with the succour of the Horsemen, the enemy was put again to flight, and our men burned many houses, to avoid at their next coming the danger of stones which were thrown from their tops. The other Captains, who were Sandoval and Aluarado, fought valiantly on the other side of the City.   

The great hurt and damage in the houses of Mexico with fire.  
IN this mean while, Don Hernando of Tezcuco, went throughout his Lordship, to allure his vassal to the service and friendship of Cortes, according to his former promise: and whether it were seeing the Spaniards prosperity in the siege of Mexico, or otherwise, he brought almost the whole province of Culhuacan, which is under the government of Tezcuco, with six or seven of his own brethren, for more he could not, although he had more than a hundred brethren, as hereafter shall be declared. One of them named Iztlixuchilh being a valiant young man, of the age of four and twenty years, he appointed general Captain over fifty thousand men of war, well armed and trimmed according to their fashion. Cortes did friendly receive and welcome them, giving them great thanks for their aid and good wills. Of these newcome men, he took into his own host thirty thousand, and divided the residue equally among the other Captains.  
This was a sorrowful news to the Mexicans, to hear of the succour which Don Hernando had sent to serve Cortes, and with holden the same from them, yea and also among them were come kinsmen, brethren, and fathers to many of them which were in Mexico in the service of Quahutimoc.  
Two days after that these men were come, there came also men of Xochmilco, and certain husbandmen of the Mountains, who spoke the O●omitlh speech, beseeching Cortes to pardon their long tarrying, offering also both men and victuals for the siege. Cortes was pleased with their coming and gentle offer, for they being his friends, he was assured of them of Culhuacan, and said unto them, within these three days (God willing) I will combat the City, therefore against that time I pray you prepare yourselves accordingly, and therein shall I know whether you are my friends or no: and with this answer they departed, promising to fulfil his request, as they did in deed. This done, he sent three Vergantines to Sandoval, and other three to Aluarado, for to disturb any succour that might come from the land to the City, and likewise to defend and aid the spaniards at all times, when they would landlord upon the calsey, to combat the City, for he well understood how profitable those vessels would be near unto the bridges.  
The Captains of the Vergantines ceased not night and day to run the coast and Towns of the lake, where they took many boats from the enemies, laden with men and victual, and permitted none to come into the City, nor yet any to come out.  
The day appointed to the enemies for the combat, Cortes made his prayers unto God, & then informed each Captain what he should do, and came forth with twenty horsemen, three hundred spaniards, and a great number of Indians, with their pieces of Ordinance, and where in three or four days before they had not skirmished, time served the Mexicans at will to open all those places which were dammed up before, and also to build better bulwarks than those which were thrown down, attending with that horrible noise accustomed. But when they saw the Vergantines on each side, their joy was turned into sorrow, and began to faint, the which our men understood well, and therewith alanded themselves upon the calsey, and wan the bulwark and the bridge. Our army proceeding forward, set upon the enemies, until they came to another bridge, the which was likewise won in short time, and this pursued from bridge to bridge, always fight, until they had driven them from the Calsey and streets.  
Cortes for his part lost no time, for he with ten thousand Indians laboured to dam up again the sluices and broken places of the bridges, making the way plain both for Horsemen and footmen: it was so much to do, that all those ten thousand Indians were occupied therein from the morning until the evening.  
The other Spaniards and Indian friends skirmished continually, and slew many of their enemies. Likewise the Horsemen so scoured the streets, that the enemies were forced to lock them up in their houses & Temples. It was a notable thing to see how our Indians played the men that day against the Citizens: sometimes they would challenge them the field: other times they would convite them to supper, and show unto them legs, arms, and other pieces of man's flesh, saying behold your own flesh which shall serve for our supper and breakfast, and to morrow we will come for more, therefore fly not, you are valiant fellows, yet it were better for you to die fight than with hunger. And after all this speech, every one of them called upon the name of his own Town with a loud voice, setting fire upon their houses. The Mexicans were replenished with sorrow, to see themselves so afflicted with spaniards, but yet their sorrow was the greater, to hear their own vassals so rail against them, saying and crying at their own doors, victory, victory, Tlaxcallan, Chalcho, Tezcuco, Xochmilco, and other Towns: the eating of their flesh grieved them not, for they did the like.  
Cortes seeing the Mexicans so stout and hard hearted, with full determination either to defend themselves or else to die, thereupon he bethought himself upon two things, the one was, that he should not obtain the treasure which he had seen in the time of Mutezuma: the other was, that they gave him occasion totally to destroy the City. Both these things grieved him much, but especially the destruction of the city. He imagined with himself what he might do, to bring them to acknowledge their error, and the hurt that might fall upon them, and for these considerations he plucked down their Towers, and broke their idols. He burned also the great house wherein he was lodged before, and the house of foul which was near at hand. There was not one Spaniard who had seen that magnifical building before, but lamented sore the sight: but to aggrieve the Citizens, it was commanded to be burned. There was never Mexican, that thought any humane force, how much less so few Spaniards, should have entered into Mexico in despite of them all, and to set fire upon their principallest edifices within the City. While this house was a burning, Cortes gathered his men, and retired to his Campe. The Mexicans would fain have remedied the fire, but it was too late, and seeing our men retire, they followed with their noise accustomed, and slew some of our men, who were laden with the spoil, and came behind the rest. The horsemen relieved our men, and caused the enemy to retire, in such wise, that before night all our men were in safety and the enemies in their houses, the one sort full of sorrow, and the others wearied with fight and travel. The slaughter was great that day, but the burning, and spoil of houses was greater, for besides those which we have spoken of, the Vergantines did the like where they went, and the other Captains also were not idle where they were appointed.   

Things that happened to Pedro de Aluarado through his bold attempt.  
PEdro de Aluarado, would pass his army to the market place of Tlalulco, for he take much pain & stood in peril in sustaining the bridges which he had gotten, having his fort almost a league from thence. And again, he being a man of a haughty stomach, thinking as well to get honour as his general, and likewise being procured by his company, who said, that it were a shame for them if Cortes should win that market place, being more nearer unto them, than unto him: whereupon he determined to win those bridges which as yet were unwon, and to place himself in the market place. He proceeded with all his army until they came to another broken bridge, which was sixty paces of length, and two fathom deep, the which with the help of the Vergantines, he won in short space, and gave order to certain of his men to dam it up substantially, and he himself pursued his enemies, with fifty Spaniards. But when the Citizens saw so few in number, and all footmen, (for the horses could not pass the s●●ce so soon,) they came upon them so suddenly & fiercely, that they made our men to turn their backs, and trust to their legs, yea and our men fell into the water, they knew not which way. They slew many of our Indians, and four Spaniards, who forthwith they sacrificed, and eat their flesh in the open sight of all the army.  
Aluarado saw his own folly, in not believing Cortes, who had always forewarned him, not to proceed forward, until he had made the way sure behind him: but Aluar●do his counsellors paid their counsel with life Cortes sorrowed for the same, for the like had happened unto him, if he had given credit to their counsel. But as a prudent captain, he considered the matter better, for every house was then an Island, the calsey broken in many places, and the zoties or house tops beset with stones, for these and such like places used Quahutimoc. Cortes went to see where Aluarado had pitched his camp, and also to rebuke him for that which was past, and to advise him what he should do: But when he came and found him so far within the liberty of the City, and the dangerous places which had passed, he did highly commend his valiant and good service: he also communed with him of many things concerning the siege, and then returned to his own camp.   

The triumph and sacrifice which the Mexicans made for their victory.  
COrtez delayed the time to pitch his camp in the market place of Mexico, although daily his men entrede and skirmished with in the City, for the causes before alleged, and likewise to see if Quahutimoc would yield himself. And also the entry could not be but very dangerous, for the great multitude of enemies that ●illed up the streets.  
Albina his company Spaniards jointly, with the king's Treasurer, seeing the determination of Cortes, and the hurt already received, besought and also required him to pass his camp unto the market place: who answered them, that they had spoken like valiant men, but as yet (quoth he) it is not time convenient, & we ought to consider better of the matter: for why? the enemies are fully determined to end their lives in defence of that place. But his men replied so much, that he was compelled to grant to their request, and proclaimed the entrance for the next day following. He wrote also in his letters to Gonsalo de Sandoval, & to Pedro de Aluarado, the instructions of the things that they should do, which was in effect, to Sandoval, that he should remove his camp with all his fardage, as though he would retire and fly, and that upon the calsey he should have ten horsemen in ambush, behind certain houses to the intent that when the Citizens should espy them fly, and would pursue after, them to pass betwixt them and home with the said horsemen, & after the hurt done among them, in this sort, that then he with all his army should come where Pedro de Aluarado abode, with other ten horsemen, a hundred footmen, and the navy of Vergantines, and leaving with him his men, should then take three of the Vergantines, and to procure to win that broken bridge, where Aluarado of late received the foil: and if he fortuned to win that place, that then he should dam it up, and make it sure, before he passed any further: and the like order he gave unto him for all other broken places that he should pass.  
Unto Aluarado he gave commission, that he should pass as far into the City as he might possible, requiring him also to sand unto him eighty Spaniards. He also appointed the other seven Vergantines, to pass into both the lakes, with three thousand Canoas'. He divided likewise all his army into three companies, because they had three ways to enter into the city. By the one of these ways or streets, entered the Treasurer and Auditor, with seaventye Spaniards, twenty thousand Indians, eight horsemen, twelve labourers with pickeaxes and Shovels, and many other idle fellows, to carry earth and stones, and to fill up the broken places, and to make the way plain.  
The second street he commended to George de Aluarado and Andres de Tapia, with eighty Spaniards, ten thousand Indians, two pieces of Ordinance, and eight horsemen. Cortes himself took the third way, with a great number of friends, and a hundred Spaniards footmen, of the which were twenty five with Crossbows and harquebuses, and commanded his horsemen which were eight in number, to abide there behind, and not to follow after, until he should send for them. In this order, and all at one instant, they entered the City, showing the hearts of valiant men, greatly annoying the enemy, and won many bridges, but when they came near unto the town house called Tianquiztli, there gathered together such a number of the Indian friends, who before their eyes scaled, entered, and rob their houses, that they thought assuredly, that the same day the city had been won. Cortes commanded that they should proceed no further, saying, that they had done sufficiently for that day, for also he feared afterclappes. He likewise demanded whether all the broken bridges were made sure, in the which (quoth he) consisteth the peril and victory. But those that went with the Treasurer, following victory and spoil, had left a bridge not well dammed up, but very hollow and false, the which was of twelve paces broad, and two fathom in depth. When Cortes was advertised hereof, he went thither to remedy the same, but he was no sooner come, when he saw his men fleeing, and leaping into the water, with fear of the cruel enemies, which followed, who leapt after them into the water, to kill them. There came also along the calsey many Indian boats of enemies, who took many of the Indian friends and Spaniards alive. Then Cortes and other fifteen persons, which were with him, served for no other purpose but to help out of the water those that were fallen, some came wounded, and others half drowned, and without armour: yea and the multitude of enemies so beset Cortes, and his fifteen companions, who were helping their men, and so occupied in the same, that they had no regard to their own peril. 
A kind hearted captains  Whereupon certain Mexicans laid hand upon Cortes, who truly they had carried away if it had not been for one Francisco de Olea his servant, who cut off at one blow the arms of them that had hold of him, and he by the enemies was immediately slain, so that he died to save his masters life. Then came Antonio de Quinionez captain of the guard, who caught Cortes by the arm, & by force plucked him out of the throng of enemies, with whom valiantly he fought. But then with the fame that Cortes was prisoner, came many spaniards, among whom was one horseman, who made some room, but in short space they thrust him through the throat with a lance, and made him to retire. The fight ceased a little, & Cortes had a horse brought unto him, on the which he lightly amounted, and gathering his men together, came to the street of Tlacopan, which was large and fa●re. There diede Guzman his Chamberlain, giving a horse unto his master, whose death was much lamented among them all, for he was a man valiant, honest, & well-beloved. There fell also into the water two horses, the one was saved, but the other was killed by the Indians. As the Treasurer and his company were combating a bulwark, the enemies threw out of a window three Spaniards heads unto them, saying, the like they would do with their heads, if they went not from thence the sooner. They seeing this sight, and likewise considered the great hurt and spoil made among them, began to retire by little and little.  
The Mexican Priests went up into the Towers of Tlatelulco, and made their fires in chafing dishes, and put thereunto the sweet gum of Copalli in token of victory, and forthwith stripped fifty Spaniards captives as naked as they were borne, and with their fine razors opened them in the breasts, and plucked out their hearts for an offering to the Idols, and sprinkled their blood in the air. Our men seeing before their eyes the doleful sight, would fain have gone to revenge the cruel custom. But as time than required they had enough to do, to put themselves in safety through the great troop of Indians which came upon them, who now feared neither horse nor sword. This day as ye have heard, were forty Spaniards sacrificed, and Cortes wounded in one of his legs, and thirty more of his men: they l●ste a piece of Ordinance, and four horses. Also that day was slain above two thousand Indian friends, and many Canoas' lost and the Vergantines in great danger, and the captain and master of one of them were wounded. Whereof the captain died within eight days, the same day were also slain four of Aluarado his men, that day was an unfortunate or dismal day, and the night heavy, sorrowful and replenished with lamentable grief among the spaniardes and their friends. On the other side, the Mexicans triumphed with joy, and made great bonfires, blue their horns, struck up their drums, danced, banqueted, and drank themselves drunk: they also opened their streets and bridges, as they were before, and placed their scout and watch about the City. And as soon as it was day, the king Quehutimoc, sent two Christians heads, and two horse heads into all the comarcanes there about, to signify their victory and to require them to forsake the Christians friendship, promising in short space to make the like end of all those that remained, and deliver the country from war, these things encouraged some provinces to take armour against Cortes being his allied friends, as Malivalco and Cuixco. This news was soon blown abroad into many provinces, whereupon our men feared rebellion among their new friends, yea and mutiny in their own camp, but it pleased god that it fell out otherwise. The next day Cortes came out again to fight, to show face to the enemies, but he turned again from the first bridge, without doing any great act.   

The determination of Cortes to destroy the city of Mexico.  
CHichimecatl, a noble man of Tlaxcallan, (who had brought the Timber of the Vergantines', from whence it was wrought, and was placed in the company of Alvarado at the beginning of the siege of Mexico,) seeing that the Spaniards fought not as they were wont to do, he alone with the men of his own country, went forth to combat the City, being a thing which toofore he had not attempted, gave assault against those which defended a certain bridge, and with great noise cried and named his City and lineage, and in short space wan the bridge, where he left four hundred archers, and followed after the enemy, who of industry fled, thinking to take him at his return, and at length the enemy returned upon him, where they made a fair skirmish, for the fight was equal. There were many hurt and slain on both sides, so that with the dead carcases they supped at william. But they thought to overthrow him at the bridge, not knowing of the four hundred archers which were there to attend Chichimecatls coming, by means of whom, he passed at pleasure, to the great grief of the Mexicans, yea and remained not a little amazed to see the valour and bold attempt of the Tlaxcaltecas.  
The Spaniards likewise highly commended the fact, for where our men combated not as they were wont to do, the Mexicans imagined that the cause was cowardice, infirmity, or want of victuals: whereupon one day at the sun rising, they set upon Aluarado his Camp, which being espied by the watch, they began to cry arm, arm, who came forth as well footmen as horsemen, and put them to flight, at which retire many of the Mexicans were drowned, and others sore hurt and wounded. Then said the Mexicans, that they desired to talk with Cortes, who came unto a draw bridge to know what they would have, unto whom sometime they said, that peace was their request, and other times they demanded truce, but finally required that the Spaniards should depart from that Country. All this policy was but to feel what strength and courage our men had, and to have truce for a certain time, for to provide them of such necessaries as they wanted, for their determinate purpose was, to die in the defence of their country and religion. Cortes answered, that truce was not convenient for either party, but peace was laudable at all times, the which for his part, although he had besieged the City, should not be denied: therefore he willed them to weigh his plentiful estate of victuals, and their own need and necessity of the same. They being in this communication with their interpreters, appeared an ancient old man on the top of the Bulwark, who in the sight of them all, plucked bread out of his satchel piece by piece, and began to eat, giving them to understand, that they stood in no need of victuals, and so made an end of their talk.  
The siege of this City seemed a long time to Cortes, for in near fifty days that he had begun the same, yet could not he bring his desire to pass, yea and much marveled, that the enemies could endure so long a season with daily skirmishing, and also how they refused peace and concord, knowing how many thousands of them had been slain, and ended their miserable lives with hunger.  
Yet once again he sent this last message unto them, that if they would not yield themselves, than he having them environed by land and water, would slay them all, and not permit any kind of victual to come unto them, so that their extremity should be so great, that they should eat one another: their answer was, that first the spaniards should taste of the same cup, so that threatening increased their courages, and occupied themselves in carrying stones to the market place, and many other streets, to stop the way against the Horses and their masters.  
Cortes, although it grieved him to destroy totally so beautiful a City, yet he determined to bring all the houses of the streets that he should win to be equal with the ground, and to stop with them the Channels of water. He communed the matter with his Captains, who liked well of his intent, although it was a troublesome thing. He also advertised the Gentlemen Indians his friends of his determination, who highly commended his device.  
Cortes seeing the towardness of all his army, he called and prepared all his labourers, with their pikeaxes and shovels, so that in these affairs, and in setting his men in good order, he spent four days, and then he began to combat the street, which goeth directly to the market place, then feignedly the Citizens desired peace. Cortes stayed, and asked for their King: they answered, that they had sent for him, whereupon Cortes tarried an hour, and then they began to revile him, and to throw stones, and shot at him. The Spaniards seeing this, gave the onset, and wan a fort, and came into the chief place of the City. They cleansed the streets of the stones which they had laid to disturb their passage, and stopped so up the water street in that place, in such wise, that never after it was opened again, and threw down all the houses, making the entrance into the City an open plain high way, and then retired to their camp. Also six days arrow they did the like, without receiving any hurt, saving the last day two horses were hurt.  
The next day Cortes laid an ambush with fifty horsemen, and sent before him the Vergantines but he himself with thirty horsemen, abode in certain great houses in the Market place. They fought that day in many places of the City, and at the retire, one shot of a handgun, which was the token that those which lay in ambush should come forth. The enemies followed our men, that seemed to flee with marvelous great courage. But they were not so soon passed the snare, when Cortes came forth with his thirty horsemen, saying, upon them, upon them: By this only mean were s●●ine above five hundred Mexicans, besides the prisoners.  
Our Indian friends had a good supper that night with man's flesh, which as yet they would not be persuaded to leave. Certain Spaniards went up into a Tower of Idols, and there opened a sepulchre, where they found five hundred Castlins in gold: With this overthrow the Mexicans remained in such fear, that all their threatenings and triumphs were turned into mourning: and ever after when they saw our men retire, they would not follow them, fearing the like danger, so that this was a mean, the sooner to win Mexico.   

The hunger and infirmity which the Mexicans suffered with great courage.  
TWo poor souls who were vexed with hunger, came in the night season out of the city unto Cortes his Camp, who certified, how the Citizens were in great necessity, and so many dead with hunger and sickness, that there were heaps of dead bodies in the houses; only to keep close their extreme misery: and said also, that in the night season many came out to fish between the houses with fear of the Vergantines, and others came out to seek for wood, herbs, and roots to eat.  
Cortes hearing these news, determined to know the troth thereof, so that the next night he commanded the Vergantines to go round about the City, and he himself with fifteen Horsemen, a hundred footmen, and many Indian friends, placed themselves betwixt certain houses, with order to his espies, to advertise him what they should see. It was no sooner day, but many poor folk came out to seek for food, and when Cortes had intelligence thereof, he made a great slaughter among them, whereas at that time of unarmed men, women, and children, 
A cruel ●act of Cortes.  were slain to the number of eight hundred: and she Vergantines on their side made another spoil. The pitiful noise being heard into the City, the Citizens were astonied, and knew not what to do, fearing the like ambush that they had seen and ●ealt the day before, & also wondered, that at such an hour not accustomed, the spaniards were so nigh. The next day following, being S. james his even, Cortes entered again into the City, according as he had done before, and wan the street of Tlacopan, where he burned the rich and fair houses of king Quahutimoc, which were motted round about: so that now of four parts of the city, three parts were won, and the Spaniards might safely pass from Cortes his camp, to the camp of Aluarado, by reason that all the houses were burned, and beaten down plain with the ground.  
But yet the poor Mexicans would say to the Indians of Tlaxcallan, go to, go to, make haste, 
A ●●●e p●●phe●●e.  burn and destroy these houses, for time will come that ye shall build them again at your own cost. For if we have victory then shall ye build them for us, and if we be overcome then shall ye build them for these strangers.  
Within four days after, Cortes entered the city again, and also Aluarado on his side, who to show his haughty stomach, laboured all that was possible to get two towers of the temple of Tlatelulco, the which at the length he won, although he lost three horses in the combat.  
The next day following, the horsemen walked up and down in the great market place at pleasure, the poor Mexicans beholding that sorrowful sight from their houses. And as the Spaniards went walking in the city, they found heaps of dead bodies in the houses, streets, 
An extreme penury.  and in the water: they found also the bark of trees and roots gnawn by the hungry creatures, and the men so lean and yellow, that it was a pitiful sight to behold. Cortes yet again required them to yield, and they although they were so lean of body were strong in heart, and answered that he should not speak of any friendship, nor yet hope of their spoil, for when no fortune would favour them, than they would either burn their treasure, or throw it into the lake, where they should never profit thereby, and that they would fight while one alone should remain alive. At Cortes his next entry into the city, he found the streets full of women, children, old folk, and many miserable sick persons which were perishing for want of food.  
Cortes commanded that none of his army should do any hur●e unto such miserable creatures. The principal folk who were whole and sound, they stood in their zoties or house tops, without weapon, and clothed in mantles. It was thought that they kept a certain holy day, peace was again offered, but they answered with dissimulation. The next day following Cortes required Aluarado on his side to combat a street of .1000. houses that was not yet won, and that he would do the like on the otherside: for a little space the Citizens defended themselves, but their defence endured not, but were driven to fly, being not able to resist the force of their contraries. So that the Spanish army won also that street, and slew 12000. Citizens, the murder was so great because the Indian friends would show no mercy or compassion upon them, although they were required to the contrary. So that now the Mexicans having lost this street also, the houses that were not beaten down could scarcely hold the people that were alive, the streets also being so full of dead carcases and sick bodies, that our men could not pass but must needs tread upon them. Cortes desirous to see what remained of the city to win, went up into a high tower, and having well viewed the City, he judged that of eight parts one remained yet to win. And the next day following he assaulted the same, with special commandment given to his army, not to kill any but only such as should resist.  
The sorrowful Citizens bewailing their unfortunate fate & destiny, besought the Spaniards to make an end, and to kill them all out of hand. Then certain of the horsemen called Cortes in great haste, who went unto them incontinent, hoping of some agreement of peace: and standing at the brim of the water near unto a draw bridge, the Mexicans said, o captain Cortes, considering that thou art the child of the Sun, why dost thou not entreat the Sun thy father, to make an end of us: o thou Sun that canst go round about the world in a day and a night, we pray thee make an end of us, 
A sorrowful tale.  and take us out of this miserable life, for we desire death to go and rest with our God Quetcavatlh who tarrieth for us. After these speeches they made a lamentable cry, calling upon their Gods with loud voices. Cortes answered what he thought good, but yet could not persuade them to yield, truly it was a pitiful sight to behold.   

The imprisonment of Quahutemoc.  
COrtes seeing the great extremity that these poor wretched people were in, thinking now that they would yield unto him, thereupon he spoke to an uncle of Don Hernando de Tezcuco, who was taken prisoner three days before, whom he desired to go to the king & treat of peace: this Gentleman refused the message, knowing the determinate will of Quahutimoc, but through much entreaty he granted to his request. So the next day following Cortes entered into the City, & sent that Gentleman & certain Spaniards before him. The Indian guard of that street received him with the honour which unto such a noble man did appertain. He proceeded forward toward the king, & being come where he was, he declared unto him his embassage. When Quahutimoc had heard his tale, 
An eu●●● reward.  he was so moved with ire & choler, that forthwith he commanded him to be sacrificed, and gave the Spaniards for their answer blows with stones, staves and arrows, saying also that they desired death and no peace, and sought so stoutly that day, that they slew many of our men, and one horse. Likewise on their side many were slain.  
The next day Cortes entered the city again, but he fought not, hoping then that they would submit themselves, but yet the Citizens had no such thought. He came near unto a certain bulwark on horseback, and spoke unto certain Gentlemen with whom he was acquainted, saying that now within a short space he could make an end of their final destruction, but yet of mere compassion he wished it not, for the love which he bore unto them, so that they would in time tender themselves: wherefore (quoth he) entreat ye the king to do the same, and in so doing ye shallbe well used, and have victuals sufficient. The Gentlemen hearing these words, fell on weeping, and answered, that now they knew well their error, and felt their loss and destruction, notwithstanding they were bound to obey their king and Gods. But yet (quoth they) abide a while, and we will certify Quahutimoc what you have said, and in short space they went and returned again, saying that the next day without fail their Lord would come and talk with him in the market place. With this answer Cortes returned to his camp, and thought at their meeting to conclude an honourable peace. So against the next day he caused a Canopy and chair of estate to be set in the market place, according to the Mexican use, and also a dinner to be prepared. The day following came Cortes at the hour appointed, with many of his men armed, but the king came not: nevertheless he sent five noble men to treat of the matter, excusing the king, saying he was not well at ease. Cortes welcomed those Gentlemen, and was glad of their coming, hoping thereby to conclude and make some good end. And when they had dined and well refreshed their hungry bodies, Cortes gave them victuals, and desired them to return again to the King, and to declare unto him that without his presence the conclusion could not be certain. They went and returned again within two hours, and brought unto Cortes certain mantles made of cotton will, very good & well wrought, with answer that the king would not come in any wise, both for shame and fear. And the next day these messengers came again, saying that the king would come to the place appointed. But yet he came not, although Cortes attended his coming more than four hours: who seeing the mockery, he forthwith sent Sandoval with his Vergantines one way, and he himself went an other, combating the houses & forts that yet remained, where he found small resistance, so that he might do what he pleased. There was that day slain and taken prisoners above .40000. persons, & then he retired to his camp. The lamentable cry and mourning of the women and children would have made a stony heart relent, the stench also of the dead bodies was wonderful noisome. That night Cortes purposed to make an end the next day of the wars, and Quahutimoc pretended to fly, and for that purpose had embarked himself in a Canoa of twenty oars. When the day appeared Cortes, with his men, and four pieces of ordinance, came to the corner where those that yet remained were shut up, as cattle in a pound. He gave order to Sandoval and Aluarado what they should do, which was, to be ready with their Vergantines, and to watch the coming out of the Canoas' which were hidden betwixt certain houses, and especially to have regard unto the king's person, and not to hurt him, but to take him a live. He commanded the residue of his men to force the Mexican boats to go out, and he himself went up into a tower, enquiring for the King, and there found Xihuac●a, governor and Captain general of the City, who would in no wise yield himself. Then came out of the City a great multitude of old folks, men, women and children to take boat. The throng was so great with haste to enter the Canoas', that many by that means were drowned in the lake. Cortes required his men not to kill those miserable creatures: But yet he could not stay the Indians his friends, who slew and sacrificed above fifteen thousand. After this, there was a great rumour among the common people, that the king would fly, making a piteous moan and saying that they sorrowful creatures knew not whither to go: But yet procuring to go into the Conoas', which were so full that there was no room for them, by reason thereof many were drowned.  
The men of war stood in the house tops and zoties beholding their perdition. All the nobility of Mexico were embarked with the king. Then Cortes gave sign with the shot of a handgunne, that his captains should be in a readiness, so that in short space they wan fully and wholly the great City of Mexico. The Vergantines likewise broke in among the fleet of boats, without any resistance, and every one sought where h● might best secure himself, the Royal Standarte was beaten down. Garcia Holguin, who was captain of a Vergantine, had espied a great Canoa of twenty oars deep laden with men. And one of his prisoners said unto him, that the king went in that great Canoa. Holguin being glad of the news, gave chase to that Canoa and overtook him. In his foreship he had three crossbow men. And when Quahutimoc who stood on the puppe of the Canoa ready to fight, saw those bows ready bent, and many drawn sword, he yielded himself, declaring that he was the king. Garcia Holguin being a glad man of his prisoner, took and carried him unto Cortes who received him reverently. When Quahutimoc came near unto him, he laid his hand upon Cortes his dagger, saying, I have done all my possibility to defend me and mine, according to my duty, hoping not to have come to this estate and place where now I stand: And considering that you may do with me what you please, I beseech you to kill me, and that is my only request. Cortes comforted him with fair words, giving him hope of life and seniory, and took him up into a zotie, requiring him to command his subjects to yield and tender themselves: he obeyed his request. At that time there was about three score and ten thousand persons, who in seeing their Prince, threw down their weapons, and submitted themselves.   

The taking of Mexico.  
IN the order before declared, wan Hernando Cortes the famous city of Mexico, on tuesday being the xiij of August, An. 1521. in remembrance whereof, and of the great victory, every year on that day they make a sumptuous feast & solemn procession, wherein is carried the standard royal, with the which the city was won. The siege endured three months, & had therein .200000. Indians. 900. Spaniards .80. horses .17. pieces of ordinance, 13. Vergantines, & 6000. Canoas'. In this siege were slain fifty Spaniards & six horses, & no great number of the Indians their friends. There was slain on the contrary side a hundred thousand, and some affirm many more: but I speak not of them that died with hunger and pestilence.  
At the defence of the city were all the nobility, by reason whereof many were slain. The multitude of people was great, who eat little, drank salt water, and slept among the dead bodies, where was a horrible stench: for these causes the disease of pestilence fell among them, and thereof died an infinite number. Whereupon is to be considered, their steadfast determination, for although they were afflicted with such hunger, that they were driven to eat boughs, rinds of trees, and to drink salt water, yet would they not yield themselves. But at the last they would have submitted them, and then their king Quahutimoc would no●, because at the beginning they refused his will and counsel, and also with their general deaths, should appear no cowardice, for they kept the dead bodies in their houses to keep that secret from their enemies. Here also is to be noted, that although the Mexicans eat man's flesh, yet they eat none of their own City or friends, as some do think: for if they had, there would not so many have died with hunger. The Mexican women were highly commended, not only because they abode with their husbands and Fathers, but also for the great pains they took with the sick and wounded persons, yea and also they laboured in making slings, cutting stones fit for the same, and throwing stones from the soties, for therein they did as much hurt as their men. The City was yielded to the spoil, and the spaniards took the Gold, Plate and Feathers, the Indian friends had all the rest of cloth and other stuff.  
Cortes commanded great bonfires to be made in token of victory, and also to mortify the horrible stench of the dead bodies, whom he likewise commanded to be buried, and some of the prisoners men and women he caused to be marked in the face, for the King's slaves, and pardoned all the residue. He commanded the Vergantines to be brought ashore, and appointed one Villa fuerte, with .80. men to guard them, fearing lest the Mexicans should set fire or otherwise destroy them. In this business he occupied himself four days, & then removed his camp to Culhuacan, where he rendered hearty thanks to all the Gentlemen his friends, promising to gratify their good and faithful service, desiring them to depart home to their houses, considering the war was at an end, whereupon they departed almost all in general, both rich and jocund with the spoil of Mexico, and also to remain in the favour and grace of Cortes.   

marvelous signs and tokens of the destruction of Mexico.  
NOt long before Hernando Cortes came unto the new Spain, did many nights after the midnight appear in the air, and in the same port and place where Cortes entered into that land, great lightning of fire, which amounted upward, and suddenly vaded away. The Mexicans at that time saw flames of fire toward the orient, where now Vera Crux standeth, with a great and thick smoke, that seemed to touch the heaven and earth: this sight was fearful unto them.  
They also saw the figures of armed men fight in the air one with another, a new and strange sight for them, and a thing that filled their heads with imaginations: for when there was a prophecy spoken of among them, how that white men with beards should come and rule their kingdom in the time of Mutezuma. The Lords of Tezcuco and Tlacopan were much amazed, saying, that the sword which Mutezuma had, was the arms of those folk, whose figures they had seen in the air, with their apparel and attire. Mutezuma had much add to pacify them, feigning that the weapon and apparel was of his forefathers, and because they should see the troth thereof, he gave them the sword, and willed them to break it if they could, and they proving to break the same and could not, they marveled thereat, and also were resolved of their opinions.  
It should seem, that a little before these things happened, some of Mutezuma his subjects found a chest of apparel and a sword in it on the sea coast, which came floating out of some ship that had wracked there about, and brought it to their prince. Others affirm, that the cause of alteration among the noble men, was, when they saw the sword and apparel that Cortes had sent unto Mutezuma by Teudilli, seeing it a thing so like the attire of the figures which they had seen in the air, but howsoever it was, they believed with these new tokens, that their Kingdom should have an end, when they saw those strangers come into their Country.  
The same year that Cortes came into Mexico, appeared a vision unto a certain Malli, which is to say, a slave taken in the wars to be sacrificed, who at the time of his death and Sacrifice, bewailed his sorrowful end, calling upon the God of Heaven, who at that instant saw in spirit a vision, and heard a voice, bidding him not to fear that death, for the God whom he had called upon, would have mercy upon him, willing him also to say unto the priests and ministers of the Idols, that their wicked sacrifice and bloudsheding was near at an end, and that there was a people at hand, that should take away all that wicked and abominable religion.  
This Malli was sacrificed in the midst of the market place of Tlatelulco, where at this day is the place of execution.  
They remembered, and noted well the words of the Malli, and the vision which they called a breath from heaven.  
The earth also broke open, out of the which issued a marvelous great stream of water, with many great fishes, which they judged and held for a strange prognostication.  
The Mexicans did report, that when on a time Mutezuma came triumphantly with victory of Xochnuxco, said unto the Lord of Culhuacan: Now (quoth he) Mexico is strong and invincible, for I have in subjection Xochnuxco, and other provinces, so that now I am without fear of any enemy. The Lord of Culhuacan answered, saying, trust not good King too much, for one force forceth another, with the which answer, Mutezuma was not a little offended. But when Cortes had taken them both prisoners, than he called to remembrance the former talk, and held that saying for a prophesy.   

The building up again of Mexico.  
COrtes pretended to re-edify again the City of Mexico, not only for the situation and majesty, but also for the name & great fame thereof, and also to build up that which he had beaten down, by reason whereof he traveled to make this City greater, better, and to be more replenished with people. He named and appointed judges, Aldermen, Attorneys, Towne-clearke, Notaries, Skavengers', and Sergeants, with all other officers, necessary for the common weal of a City. He divided the City among the Conquerors, having first taken out places for Churches, market places, townehouse, and other necessary plots to build houses, profitable for the common weal. He also separated the dwellings of the Spaniards from the Indians, so that the water passeth and maketh division betwixt them. He procured many Indians to come to the building of the City, for avoiding charges, although therein he had somewhat to do, by reason that many kinsmen of Quahutimoc were not as yet come under obedience.  
He made Lord of Tezcuco, Don Carolus Iztlixuchitl, by the consent of the City, in place of Don Hernando his brother, who was deceased, and commanded many of his vassals to labour in the works, because they were Carpenters, masons, and builders of houses. He promised also to them that were naturals of the City of Mexico, plots to build upon, inheritance, freedom, and other liberties, and the like unto all those that would come and inhabit there, which was a mean to allure many thither. He set also at liberty Xihuaco the general Captain, and made him chief over the Indians in the City, unto whom he gave a whole street. He gave likewise another street to Don Pedro Mutezuma, who was son to Mutezuma the King. All this was done, to win the favour of the people. He made other Gentlemen Seniors of little islands and streets to build upon, and to inhabit, and in this order the whole situation was reparted, and the work began with great joy and diligence: but when the fame was blown abroad, that Mexico should be built again, it was a wonder to see the people that resorted thither, hearing of liberty & freedom, the number was so great, that in a whole league compass was nothing but people both men and women. They laboured sore, and eat little, by reason whereof, many sickened, and pestilence followed, whereof died an infinite number. Their pains was great, for they bore on their backs, and drew after them stones, earth, timber, lime, brick, and all other things necessary in this sort, and by little and little, Mexico was built again with a hundred thousand houses, more stronger and better than the old building was. The spaniards also built their houses after the Spanish fashion. Cortes built his house upon the plot where Mutezuma his house stood, which renteth now yearly four thousand ducats a year. Pamfilo de Naruaez accused him for the same, saying, that he had spoiled the woods and mountains, and spent seven thousand beams of Cedar trees in the work of his own house. The number seemeth more here than there, 
Seven thousand Cedar beams.  for where all the Mountains are replenished with Cedar trees, it is a small matter. There are Gardines in Tezcuco, that have a thousand Cedar trees for walls and circuit, yea and there are Cedar trees of a hundred & twenty foot long, and twelve foot in compass from end to end. They built fair dock covered over with arches for the Vergantines', whereas (for a perpetual memory) all the thirteen Vergantines' do remain until this day. They d●mmed up the streets of water, where now fair houses stand, so that Mexico is not as it was wont to be, yea and since the year of 1524. the lake decreaseth, and sometime casteth out a vapour of stench, but otherwise it is a wholesome and temperate dwelling, by reason of the Mountains that standeth round about it, and well provided through the fertility of the Country, and commodity of the lake, so that now is Mexico one of the greatest Cities in the world, and the most noble in all India, as well in arms as policy. There are at the lest two thousand Citizens, that have each of them his horse in his stable, with rich furniture for them. There is also great contractation, and all sorts of occupations. Also a money house, where money is daily coined: a fair school, which the Vizeroy Don Antonio de Mendosa caused to be made. There is a great difference betwixt an inhabitant of Mexico, and a Conqueror, for a Conqueror is a name of honour, and hath lands and rents, and the inhabitante or only dweller payeth rent for his house. When this City was a building, & not throughly furnished, Cortes came from Culhuacan to devil there. The fame of Cortes, and majesty of Mexico, was blown abroad into far provinces, by means whereof, it is now so replenished, as I have before declared, yea & hath so many Spaniards, who have conquered above 400. leagues of land, being all governed by the princely seat of Mexico.   

How the Emperor sent to take account of Cortes of his government in the new Spain.  
IN these days Cortes was the man of the greatest name of all the Spanish nation, although many had defamed him, and especially Pamfilo de Naruaez, who was in the Court of Spain accusing him. And where, of long time the Counsel of India had received no letters from him, they suspected, yea and believed whatsoever evil was spoken of him. Whereupon they provided the Admiral Don Diego Colon, for Governor of Mexico, who at that time went to law with the king, pretending the said office and many others, with condition to carry at his own coast a thousand men to apprehended Cortes, They provided also for Governor of Panuco, one Nonio de Gusman, and Simon de Alcazava portingall, for governor of Honduras. To kindle more this mischief, and to set this business forward, one john de Ribera, the Attorney of Cortes, was a sit and an earnest instrument against his master, and the cause was, for falling out with Martin Cortes, father unto Hernando Cortes, about four thousand Ducats which Cortes had sent by him to his father, which money the said Ribera his Attorney kept to his own use, and therefore raised many slanders against his master, yea and credit was given to his tales, 
The reward of a knave.  but on a night he had a morsel of bacon given him upon a scaffold, wherewith he was choked in the chief time of his business. These new officers, and their provisions, were not so secretly obtained, but the matter was as secretly talked in the Court, which at that time was abiding in the City of cholody, and the proceedings seem not just unto the friends of Cortes. The Commendador Pedro de Pina opened the matter to the Licenciat Novez, and unto father Melgareto, whereupon they reclaimed of the Counsels determination, beseeching them to stay for a season, to see what news should come from Mexico. Also the Duke of Betar tendered the cause of Hernando Cortes, for that Cortes by promise of faith and troth, was assured in marriage to his brother's daughter, named the Lady I●ne de Zuniga, who aplaked the Emperor his anger, and the said Duke become surety to answer in all causee for him.  
The matter standing in this estate, there arrived in Spain Diego de Zoto, with a whole Coluerin made of silver, and 70000. castlins in gold, the news whereof was blown over all Spain. And to say the troth, this present was the cause, that Cortes was not put out of his office, but a judge of residence was sent thither to take an account of him. Now a wise and a learned man was sought for that purpose, yea such a one as could rule the matter, for some soldiers are oftentimes unmannerly: whereupon they thought the Licenciat, Léwes pouce de Leon a fit man, who had been Lieutenant to Don Martin de Cordova, Earl of Alcaudete, & chief governor of the city of T●lledo. This Licenciate with power sufficient, was sent unto the new Spain, who carried in his company as assistant, the bachelor Marcus de Aguillar, who had ruled in time past, in a worshipful office of justice in the Island of Santo Domingo.  
With prosperous weather they departed from Spain, and in short time arrived at Vera Crux, Cortes having news of their arrival by foot posts within two days. And upon Midsummer day came letters to Cortes from the Licenciate Ponce, with another letter from the Emperor, whereby he understood the cause of their coming. He returned back incontinent an answer, and desired to know which way he would come to Mexico, either by the way inhabited, or else the other way which is nearer. The Licenciate replied, that he would for a while abide in Vera Crux, to refresh himself, being sea-sick, and a man that had not heretofore at any time passed the seas, thinking that Cortes meant to have done justice on certain offenders, yea & also to have taken him by the way: wherefore he suspected, that Cortes had sent, because he would know which way he meant to come, whereupon he secretly took post horse, with certain Gentlemen, and other religious persons that came in his company; & passed through the Towns, although it was the farther way, and made such haste, that in five days he came to Iztacpall●pan, refusing the entertainment and provision of meat and lodging that Cortes had prepared by his Gentlemen, that went both the ways to meet him.  
In Iztacpallapan they received him with great feast and majesty, but after dinner, the Licenciate fell a vomiting, and the most of his company, and after the vomit, they fell into a flux. They thought that certain herbs was the cause thereof, which were in a dish of curds. The Licenciate was somewhat greedy of the curds, and took the dish, and offered it to father Thomas Ortiz, not (quoth the Steward) his reverence shall have another dish, not (quoth father Ortiz) I will none of these, nor yet of any other, of which words there were afterwards Verses made, suspecting something of the curds: but truly there was no hurt, or any evil thing put in them, (as hereafter shallbe declared) for the Comendador, Proano, who was then chief Sheriff, did eat of all those dishes, yea in the same dish that the Licenciat eat of, who neither vomited nor yet received any hurt or alteration. But I think, that they coming hot, weary and hungry, did eat too much, and drank also cold water, whereby their stomachs revolted, and thereof followed the flux with vomit. On the behalf of Cortes there was presented to the Licenciat a rich present, but he refused it.  
Cortes with all the flower of Gentlemen in Mexico, came to receive him, and giving him the right hand, they went together until they came to Saint Frances abbey, where after their prayers made, Cortes demanded to see the king's provisions, who answered, that the next day he would show them unto him: then they accompanied him to his house, where he was well lodged.  
The next day following, all the magistrates of the City met the Licentiat in the cathedral Church, and by act, before the notary, he presented his authority from the Emperor. He took the Vares of justice from the judges and sergeant, and incontinent restored them again, and said with gentle speech, this rod of the Signior governor, I will have for myself. Cortes with all the other Magistrates kissed the emperors letters, and put them upon the crown of their heads, in token of great obedience, saying, that they would observe and obey all that was therein contained, as the commandment of their king and Lord, requiring the same to be set down by act and testimony.  
After these things done, they proclaimed the residence and account of justice, of Hernando Cortes, to the intent that all persons who could accuse him of any unrightful dealing, should come and make their complaint, and to have remedy for the same. There should you then see the stir and talk among them, every officer fearing his own cause, with desire to see the end of their business.   

The death of the Licenciat Lewis Ponce.  
THe Licenciat coming one day from Saint Frances abbey from service, fell into an extreme burning fever, and lay him down in his bed, where he remained the space of three days, as a man out of his wits, and the fever still increasing, so that on the seventh day he yielded up the ghost. In the time of his sickness he received the communion, and made his last will & testament. He left for substitute in his office, the bachelor Marcus de Aguillar. Cortes made as great sorrow for his death, as if he had been his own father, his funerals were celebrated with great pomp.  
The enemies of Cortes published, that he died of poison. But the Licenciat Pero Lopez, and Doctor Hoieda, who were his Physicians, 
A mad dance.  swore that he died of a burning fever, and showed a further consequence, that the evening before he deceased, he desired them to play the measures upon a lute, and as he lay in his bed, showed with stirring his feet the compasses and points of the dance. It was a thing which divers persons saw, and forthwith he lost his speech, and that night toward the dawning of the day he yielded up his spirit. I think that few men do die dancing, as this Lawyer did. The number of a hundred persons came out of Spain with the Licenciat, whereof the most part died by sea and on the land. It was suspected to be a pestilence, for one of them infected another. There were in his company many Gentlemen & each of them had an office. There was a Friar who was a very slanderous fellow, & reported that Cortes had poisoned the Licenciat, and also that the Licenciat had an express order from the Emperor to cut of Cortes his head, as soon as he had taken the Vare of justice from him. The subtle Friar, had thought to have gotten money of the one, and thanks of the other, and at the end had nothing.   

How Cortes came into Spain.  
WHere one Alonso de Estrada governed the state of Mexico, as substitute of Marcus de Aguillar, according to the emperors commandment, Cortes considered with himself that it was not possible for him to have again his office, except he went personally to the emperors court, where he had many adversaries and few friends, so that he was afflicted on every side: yet he in fine determined to go into Spain, as well for business of importance of his own, as also matters touching the Emperor and his new kingdoms whereof I will rehearse particularly some.  
As touching his own causes, first he being a man of good years, went to marry, hoping to have children, unto whom he might leave the profit of his labour and pain: also to appear before the King his master face to face, and to inform his Majesty what Lands and Kingdoms he had won and brought unto his royal crown: To signify likewise unto him, of the dissension among the spaniards his subjects in Mexico, and to answer for himself, to any false reports which had been made against him: And finally, to receive a condign reward for his worthy and faithful service. Cortes being in these imaginations, there was brought a letter unto him, from the reverend father Garcia de Loaisa ghostly father unto the Emperor, and afterward was ordained Cardinal, in the which letter he convited him earnestly to come unto Spain, to the intent that the emperors Majesty might both see and know him, assuring him of his friendship. After the receit of this letter, he made all the haste possible to depart upon his journey, ceasing from his voyage which he had in hand, for to inhabit the river De las Palmas. Before his departure he dispatched two hundred Spaniards, & three score and ten horsemen, with many Mexicans for the country of Chichimea, to inhabit there, finding the land rich of silver mines, as it was reported, giving unto those men express order, that if the people of that province did not entertain them with friendship, that then they should accept them as enemies, and forthwith to make war, and to take them for slaves, for that they are a barbarous people. He wrote his letter to Vera Crux, to prepare with all speed two good ships, and for that purpose he sent Pero ruiz de Esquivel, who was a Gentleman of Seville: But he went not on the journey, for a month after, they found him buried in a little Island of the lake, with one hand out of the grave, which was eaten with dogs and foul: he was buried in his doublet and his hose: he had one only wound in his forehead: And a Negro, his slave, who went in his company, was never heard of, nor yet the Canas and Indians that went with him, so that the truth of his death was never known.  
Cortes made an Inventory of his movable goods, which was valued at two hundred thousand Castlins of gold: he left for governor of his own estate, the Licenciat Altamiran● his kinsman, with other two friends: he furnished two ships, and proclaimed free passage and victuals unto all those that would go in his company: he shipped for his own account a thousand five hundred marks of silver, twenty thousand Castlins in good gold, and ten thousand Castlins of base gold. He took in his company Gonsalo de Sandoval, Andres de Tapia, and other of the chiefest of the conquerors. He brought with him a Son of Mutezumas, & another Son of Maxixcas, who was become a Christian, & named Don Lorenzo, with many other Indian Gentlemen of Mexico, Tlaxcallan, and other cities: eight players with a cudgel, twelve tennis players, with certain men & women of that country, who were white of colour, and other dwarves & deformed persons. He brought also wild beasts, as Tigers, & other strange beasts called Aiotochtli, and one Tlaquaci. Moreover he brought a great number of mantles made of feathers & Coney hear, Targets, bushes or tufts of gallant feathers, and looking glasses of stone. In fine, he came like a great Lord, & arrived in Spain, in the end of the year 1528. the Court being then in Toledo. The news of his arrival was blown through out all Spain, and every one desirous to see him.   

The honour which the Emperor showed unto Hernando Cortes, with reward.  
THe Emperor received Cortes magnifically, and to give him the greater honour, he went & visited him at his own lodging.  
The Emperor being in a readiness to pass into Italy, to be there crowned with the Imperial crown, Cortes went in his majesties company unto the City of Saragoza, whereas his Majesty calling to remembrance his worthy service, & valour of his person, made him Marquis del valle de Huaxacac, according to his desire, on the uj of july, An. 1528, and Captain general of the new Spain, with all the provinces and coast of the south sea, chief discoverer and inhabiter of the same coast and Islands, with the twelfth part of all that after that time should be discovered, for a sure inheritance to him and his discendentes: he offered unto him also the habit of the order of Knighthood of Saint james, the which offer Cortes refused, because there was no rent given with the habit, but he besought his Majesty to grant unto him the government of Mexico, the which request the Emperor denied, because that no Conqueror should think that the office of government and justice is due unto him, for the like demand was desired of the king Don Fernando, by Cristou●l Colon who first discovered the India, and also the great Captain Gonsalo Hernandoz de Cordova, who conquered Naples. Cortes deserved much, and also the Emperor gave him much, to honour him as a most bountiful and grateful King, who never taketh away that which once he giveth. He likewise gave unto Cortes all the kingdom of Michuacan, but he had rather have had divers other towns which he demanded, many other great favours and rewards he received at the emperors hands, but the principal are those before declared.   

The Marriage of Cortes.  
WHen it was known in Spain, that the lady Catherine Xuares, wife unto Cortes, was deceased in India, by intercessors he was assured unto the Duke of Beiar, his brother's daughter, who was named the Lady jane of Zuniga: her father's name was Don Carolus de Arrellano, Earl of Aguilar. This Lady was a beautiful Dame, and her brothers noble personages, who were highly in savour with the Emperor. And Cortes to match with so honourable an house and lineage he judged himself fortunate and well married.  
Among many jewels which Cortes brought with him, were five most rich and fine Emeralds, which were valued at a hundredth thousand Ducats: 
The rich Emeralds.  the one was wrought like unto a Rose, an other like a Cornet, an other like a fish with the eyes of gold, which was a marvelous piece of work, being wrought among Indians: an other piece was wrought like unto a bell, with a great and a rich pearl for the clapper, garnished with gold, engraven about with letters, which said, Blessed is he that created thee. The fifth was made like a cup with the foot of gold, and had four little chains of gold, that were joined all at the top together, in a great pearl, and the brim of this cup was of gold, with this verse engraven round about, Inter natos mulierum non surrexit maior. For this only piece the Merchants of Geneva did offer forty thousand Ducats, for to sell the same again to the great Turk. But at that time Cortes would not give it for any money, although afterward he lost them all in the wars of Argel, being there with the Emperor. It was told Cortes that the Empress desired to have those pieces, meaning to demand them of him, and that the Emperor should pay for the same, for which cause he sent them to the Lady his new wife, with many other jewels before he came at the Court, and there, when he was inquired for them, he answered, and excused himself, for then certainly he gave such jewels unto his Espouse, that the like never Lady had in Spain. And after he was married to the Lady jane of Zuniga, he departed with her to the new Spain, with title of Marquis.   

How the Chancery was first placed in Mexico, and certain devilish pretences wrought against Cortes.  
BEfore Cortes his coming into Spain, Pamfilo de Naruaez his old enemy went up & down in the Court, procuring the conquest of the river De Palmas & Florida, where at the last he died, and always when he saw time convenient he made complaints against Cortes, yea and to the Emperors own hand he delivered a scroll of many articles, among the which was one, wherein he affirmed that Cortes had as many bars of gold and silver, as in Biscay were bars of iron, and offered to prove the same: but although it was not true, yet it was suspicious. He also earnestly procured that he should be punished, saying that he had plucked out one of his eyes, & killed with poison the Licenciat Lewis ponce de Leon, & Francisco Garay. Through his many and importunate petitions, it was determined to sand to Mexico, Don Pedro de la Cueva, who was both fierce and severe, and Lord steward of the Emperor his house, and afterward made general of the ordinance, and chief Comendador of the order and Knighthood of Alcantara, who finding the accusation true, should cut off Cortes his head.  
But as God would, in the mean season came the testimonial from the Doctor Hoieda, and the Licenciat Per● Lopez, Physicians, who had cured the persons that were reported to have been poisoned, whereupon that commission ceased. And when Cortes came into Spain, Don Pedro de la Cueva would many times laugh and jest with him, saying, From far places long lies.  
The Emperor and his council of India provided a Court of Chancery in Mexico, as chief place, where as all controversies and matters of right throughout the new Spain might there be determined, and also to correct the mutimes, 
Before the judges came, Cortes wa● gone to Spain.  and parts taking among the spaniards: likewise to take residence and account of Cortes, and to be satisfied both of his service and offences. Moreover that they should visit the officers, and royal Treasury there. Munio de Gusman was appointed precedent and governor, with other four Licenciates for judges to accompany him. He departed toward Mexico Anno 1529. and at his coming, he began to understand in his regiment and office, with the Licenciate john Ortiz, for the other three judges died by the way. Cortes being now absent, and upon his journey toward Spain, this new judge made a terrible residence and condemnation against him, and commanded all his goods to be sold by out-thrappe, for a great deal less than his goods were worth, and in his absence they called him by Proclamation: but if he had been there present, his life had been in danger, although face to face some respect is had, and it is an ordinary rule that the judge showeth rigour against him that is absent. This hatred was not only against Cortes, but also against his friends, for he apprehended Pedro de Aluarado, who was newly come from Spain, because he spoke in the favour of Cortes, laying to his charge the rebellion of Mexico, when Naruaez was there. He also apprehended Alonso de Estrada, & many others, doing manifest wrongs unto them.  
In short space the Emperor had more complaints against Nunio de Gusman, and the other judge, than had been heretofore against any other, whereupon he was put out of office in the year 1530. His wrongful dealing in justice was not only proved in Mexico, but also in the Court of Spain, with many persons that were come from thence, so that the next precedent and judges that went thither, did pronounce Nunto de Gusman and his fellow for partial judges, 
A good sentence.  and enemies unto Cortes, and condemned him to pay all his goods which were evil sold. But when Nunio de Gusman understood that he was put out of office, he then was afraid, and took his journey against the Teuchichimecas, seeking after the Town of Culhuacan, from whence the Mexicans descended. He carried in his company five hundred spaniards, whereof the most were horsemen, and many of them went as prisoners, and against their wills.  
In Mechuacan he took prisoner the King Caconcin, who was a great friend unto Cortes, a servitor unto the Spaniards, and vassal to the Emperor, and as the fame goeth, he took from him ten thousand marks of plate, and much gold, and afterward burned him, and many other Gentlemen, 
Abominable fact.  and principal persons of that kingdom, because they should not complain, saying, that a dead dog biteth not. He took from thence six thousand Indians for the service of his army, and with them conquered Xalixco, which is now called the new Gallizia. He abode there, until the Vizeroy Don Antonio de Mondoza, and Chancery of Mexico, caused him to be apprehended, who sent him prisoner into Spain, to give account of his office. If Nunio de Gusman had been so good a governor and judge, as he was in blood a Gentleman, he had then enjoyed the best plot of all the West India, but he behaved himself evil, both with the Indians and Spaniards.  
The same year that he came from Mexico, went thither for precedent Sebastian Ramirez, who was a Bishop, and had in time passed been president in Santo Domingo, and the Licenciates john de Salmeron, G●sc● Quiroga, Francisco Ceynos, and Alonso Maldonado, for judges to accompany him.  
These judges governed well the land, and caused the City of Angels to be inhabited which the Indians called Cuetlaxcoapan, that is to say a Snake in water. The reason was, because they have two fountains, the one of evil water, and the other of good. This City standeth twenty leagues from Mexico, in the high way to Vera Crux. The Bishop set the Indians at liberty, and therefore many Spaniards departed from thence, who had inhabited there before, and went to seek their living at Xalixco, Hunduras, Quahutemallan, and other places where war was.   

The return of Cortes to Mexico.  
AT this season arrived Cortes at the rich Town of Vera Crux, and when his coming was published, how he came with title of Marquez, and had brought his wife with him, an infinite number of Indians came to visit him, and almost all the Spaniards of Mexico, so that in few days there came a thousand persons of his own nation, who made their complaints unto him, how they were undone, and that the judges which had been there, had destroyed both him and them, and asked his judgement whether that now they might kill both them and theirs. Cortes hearing their odious request, reprehended them, and also gave them hope shortly to relieve their necessity with new discoveries, and in this order fearing some mutiny, he held them in pleasure and pastime.  
When the precedent heard how Cortes was visited of the Spanyaryds, they commanded forthwith every one of them should immediately return to Mexico, or else, where their dwelling places were upon pain of death, yea and they were about to apprehend Cortes for a stirrer of uproar, and to send him back again prisoner into Spain. But when he saw how soon these judges were moved, he commanded to proclaim himself openly in Vera Crux Captain General of all the dominions of the new Spain, and there caused the emperors letters patents to be red, which thing being known to the Mexican judges, it caused them to wring their noses. After this diligence ended, he departed toward Mexico with a great company of Spaniards and Indians, among whom were a good company of horsemen: but when he came to Tezcuco, the Precedent sent to command him not to enter into Mexico, upon pain of loss of his goods, and his body to be at the King's pleasure.  
He obeyed their commandment with great wisdom, being a thing convenient to the service of the Emperor, and pronfite of the land, which he had won with great toil and labour: but yet he abode in Tezcuco with a greater majesty and court, than the Precedent in Mexico, and wrote unto him, that he should consider his good will and whole intent, and not to give occasion to the Indians to rebel, and for the Spaniards he might assure himself.  
The Indians understanding the discord betwixt the Precedent and Cortes, slew as many Spaniards as they could get at advantage, so that in few days there wanted above two hundred of the Spanish nation, being slain as well in Towns, as in the high ways, yea and also they had communed among themselves to rebel in deed. But when the Bishop and the judges heard this news, they began to fear the matter, and considering that they had no better remedy, nor other sure defence, but only the name valour, person, and authority of Cortes, they sent to desire him to come unto Mexico, whereupon he observed their commandment and request, & went toward the City, well accompanied with men of war, so that heshewed himself in estate a general captain. All the Citizens came out to receive him and the lady Marques his wife: his entry into the city was a day of great pleasure among them. Then the precedent and judges entered into counsel for to remedy the great hurt which had been done by the Indians. Cortes took the matter in hand, and apprehended many Indiano, of whom some he hurned, others were torn with dogs, he did such correction, that in short time all the country was quiet, and the high ways without danger, a thing worthy of great thanks.   

The letters that the Indians used in Mexico.  
THere hath not been found letters at any time in the West India, only in the new Spain were used certain figures which served for letters, with the which they kept in memory, and preserved their antiquities. The figures that the Mexicans used for letters are great, by reason whereof they occupy great volumes: they engrave them in stone or timber, and paint them upon walls, and also upon a paper made of cotton wool, and leaves of the tree Metl. Their books are great and folden up like unto our broad clotheses, and written upon both sides. There are some books rolled up like a piece of flannel. They pronounce not. b. g. e. f. Therefore they use much. p.e.l.x. This is the Mexical speech, and Nahual, which is the best, plainest, and most● eloquent, in all new Spain. There are some in Mexico that do understand each other, by whistling, which is ordinarily used among lovers, & thieves, a speech truly to wonder at, & none of our men could come to the knowledge thereof.  

The order how to reckon.  Ce One Ome Two Ei Three Navi Four Macuil Five Chicoace Six Chicome Seven Chicuei Eight Chiconavi Nine Matlac Ten Matlactlioce Eleven Matlactliome Twelve Matlactlomei thirteen Matlactlinavi Fourteen Matlactlinacui Fifteen Matlactlichicoace sixteen Matlactlichicome Seuentéene Matlactlichicuei Eighteen Matlactlichiconavi Nineteen Cempoalli Twenty  
Every number is simple, until you come to six, and then they count, six and one, six and two, six and three. Ten is a number by himself, than you must count ten and one, ten and two, ten and three, ten and four, ten and five.  
Then you count, ten five and one, ten five and two, ten five and three. Twenty goeth by himself, and all the greater numbers.   

The Mexican year.  
THe Mexicans year is three hundred sixty days, for they have in their year eighteen months, and every month containeth twenty days. They have other five odd days, which goeth by themselves, in the which they used to celebrated great feasts of cruel and bloody sacrifice, with much devotion. And reckoning after this sort, they could not choose but err, for they could not make equal the punctual course of the Sun. Yea the Christian year is not perfect, although we have learned Astronomers. But yet these simple Indians went near the mark.  

The names of the months.  
Tlacaxipevaliztli.  
Tozcuztli.  
Huei Tozeuztli.  
Toxcalt.  
Ecalcoaliztli.  
Tocuilhuicintli.  
Hueitecuilhuitl  
Miccailhuicintli.  
Veymiccailhuitl.  
Vchpaniztli.  
Pachtli.  
Huei Pacheli.  
Quecholli.  
Panquecaliztli.  
Hatemuztli.  
Tititlh.  
Izcalli.  
Coavitlevac.   

The names of days.  Cipactli A Spade Hecatl Air or Wind Calianax A House Cuez Pali A Lizart Covalt A Snake Mizquintli Death Macatl A wild heart Tochtli A Conny Atl Water Izcuyntli A Dog Ocumatli An Ape Malinalli A Brome Acatlh A Cave Ocelotl A Tiger Coautli An Eagle Cozcaquahutl A Bussard Olin A Temple Tepatlh A Knife Quiavitl Rayne Xuchirl A Rose  
Although these twenty names serve for the whole year, and are but the days of every month, yet therefore every month beginneth not with Cipactli, which is the first name, but as they follow in order, and the five odd days is the cause thereof. And also because their week is of thirteen days, which changeth the names, as by example, Cecipactli can go no further than unto Matlactlomeiacatl, which is thirteen, and then beginneth an other week: and we do not say Matlactlinavi Ocelotl, which is the fourteenth day, but we say Ceocelotl which is one, and then reckon the other six names, unto twenty: And when all the twenty days are ended, begin again to reckon from the first name of the twenty, but not from one, but from viij. And because ye may better understand the matter, here is the example.  

Cecipactli.  
Omehecatl.  
Ei Calli.  
Navi Cuezpali.  
Macuilcovatl  
Chicoacen Mizquinth.  
Chicome Macatl.  
Chicuei Tochtli.  
Chiconaviatl.  
Matlaciz Cuintli.  
Mailactlioce Ocumatli.  
Matlactliome Malinalli  
Matlactlomei Acatlh.   
The next week following doth begin his days from one. And that one is the fouretéenth name of the month and of the days, and saith.  
Ceocelotl. Macuil Tecpatl. Omecoautli. Chicoacen Quiavitl. Eicozcaquahutli. Chicome Xuchitl. Navi Olui. Chicoei Cipactti.  
In this second week, Cipactli came to fall on the eight day, being in the first week the first day.  

Cemacatl.  
Ometochtli.  
Eiatl.  
Naviizevintli.  
Macuil Ocumatli.   
And so proceed on to the third week, in the which this name Cipactli entereth not, but Macatl, which was the seventh day in the first week, & had no place in the second, and is the first in the third. This reckoning is no darker, than ours, which we have in a.b.c.d.e.f.g. For they also change with time, and run in such sort, that. a. which was the first letter of this month, cometh to be the fift day of the next month, and the third month he counteth to be the third day, and so orderly doth the other six letters.   

The accounting of years.  
THese Mexicans had another order to reckon their years, which exceeded not above four in number, as one, two, three, four, wherewith they account a hundred, five hundred, a thousand, and as many more as they lust. Those four figures or names are, Tochtli, Acatlh, Tecpatlh, Calianax, and do signify, a Coney, a Cave, a Knife, and a House, saying.  
Ce Totchtli One year Ome Acatlh Two years Ei Tecpatlh Three years Navi Calianax Four years Macuil Tochtli Five years Cicoacen Acatlh Six years Cicome Tecpatlh Seven years Chicuei Calh Eight years Chiconavi Tochtli Nine years Matlactli Acatlh Ten years Matlactlioce Tecpatlh Eleven years Matlactliome Calianax Twelve years Matlactliomei Tochtli thirteen years  
So that the reckoning passeth not above thirtéeve, which is one week of the year, and endeth where he began.  

Another Week.  Ce A catlh One year Ome Tlepatlh Two years Ei Calianax Three years Navi-tochtli Four years Macuil Acatlh Five years Chicoacen Tecpatlh Six years Chicome Calianax Seven years Chicuei Tochtli Eight years Chiconavi Acatlh Nine years Matlactli Tecpatlh Ten years Matlactlioce Calianax Eleven years Matlactliome Tochtli Twelve years Matlactliomei Acatlh thirteen years 
The third week of years.  Ce Tecpatlh One year Ome Calianax Two years Ei Tochtli Three years Navi Acatlh Four years Macuil Tecpatlh Five years Chicoacan Calianax Six years Chicome Tochtli Seven years Chicuei Acatlh Eight years Chiconavi Tecpatlh Nine years Matlactli Calianax Ten years Matlactliome Tochtli Eleven years Matlactliome Acatlh Twelve years Matlactliomei Tecpatlh thirteen years 
The fourth Week.  Ce Calianax One year Ome Tochtli Two years Ei Acatlh Three years Navi Tecpatlh Four years Macuil Calianax Five years Chicoacen Tochtli Six years Chicome Acatlh Seven years Chicuei Tecpatlh Eight years Chiconavi Calianax Nine years Matlactli Tochtli Ten years Matlactlioce Acatlh Eleven years Matlactliome Tecpatlh Twelve years Matlactliomei Calianax thirteen years  
Each of these weeks, which our men call Indition, doth contain thirteen years, so that all the four weeks make two and fifty years, which is a perfect number in the reckoning, and is called the year of grace, for from fifty two years, to fifty two years, they used to make solemn feasts, with strange Ceremonies, as hereafter shall be declared. And when fifty two years are ended, than they begin again, by the same order before declared, until they come to as many more, beginning at Ce Tochtli, and so forward. But always they begin at the Coney figure. So that in the form of reckoning they keep & have inmemorye, things of 850. years, and by this Chronicle they know in what year every thing happened, and how long every King reigned: how many children they had, and all things else that importerd to the estate of the government of the land.   

The Indians believed that five ages were passed, which they called Suns.  
THe Indians of Cullua did believe that the Gods had made the world, but they knew not how, yet they believed that since the creation of the world four Suns were passed, and that the fift and last is the Sun that now giveth light to the world.  
They held opinion that the first Sun perished by water, and at the same time all living creatures perished likewise.  
The second Sun (say they) cell from the heavens, with whose fall all living creatures were slain, and then (said they) were many Giants in that Country, and certain monstrous bones, which our men found in opening of graves, by proportion whereof, some should seem to be men of twenty spans high.  
The third Sun was consumed by fire, which burned day and night, so that then all living crealures were burned.  
The fourth Sun finished by tempest of air or wind, which blew down houses, trees, yea and the mountains and Rocks were blown asunder, but the lineage of mankind perished not, saving that they were converted into Apes. And touching the fift Sun, which now reigneth, they know not how it shall consume. But they say that when the fourth Sun perished, all the world fell into darkness, and so remained for the space of five and twenty years continually, and at the fifteenth year of that fearful darkness, the Gods did form one man and a woman, who brought forth children, and at the end of the other ten years, appeared the Sun which was newly borne upon the figure of the Coney day, and therefore they begin their account of years at the day, & reckoning from the year of our Lord 1552, their age or Sun is 858. so that it appeareth that they have used many years their writing in figures: and they had not only this use from Cetochtli, which is the beginning of their year, month, and day of their fifth Sun, but also they had the same order and use in the other four Suns which were passed: but they let many things slip out of memory, saying, that with the new Sun, all other things should be likewise new. They held also opinion, that three days after this last Sun appeared, all the Gods did die, and that in process of time the Gods which now they have, and worship, were borne. And through these false opinions, our Divines did soon convert them to the knowledge of the true laws of God.   

The nation of the Indians called Chichimecas.  
IN the land now called new Spain, are divers and sundry generations of people: but they hold opinion, that the stock of most antiquity, is the people now called Chichimecas, which proceeded out of the house of Aculhuacan, which standeth beyond Xalixco, about the year of our Lord. 720. Many of this Generation did inhabit about the lake of Tenuchtitlan, but their name ended by mixture in marriage with other people. At that time they had no King, nor yet did build either house or Town. Their only dwellings was in caves in the Mositaynes. They went naked, they sowed no kind of grain, nor used bread of any sort. They did maintain themselves with roots, herbs, and siluester fruits: and being a people cunning in shooting with the bow, they killed dear, hares, connyes, and other beasts and foul, which they eat also, not sodden or roasted, but raw, and dried in the Sun. They eat also Snakes, Lizardes', and other filthy beasts, yea and at this day there are some of this generation that use the same diet. But although they lived such a bestial life, & being a people so barbarous, yet in their devilish religion they were very devout. They worshipped the Sun, unto whom they used to offer Snakes, Lizards, & such other beasts. They likewise offered unto their God all kind of foul, from the degree of an Eagle, to a little Butterfly. They used not sacrifice of manslaughter, nor had any Idols, not not so much as of the Sun, whom they held for the sole and only God. They married but with one woman, & in no degree of kindred. They were a stout and a warlike people, by reason whereof, they were Lords of the land.   

The Coronation of the Kings of Mexico.  
ALthough one brother was heir to an other among the Mexicans, and after their decease, did inherit the Son of the eldest brother, yet they took no possession of the state nor name of King until they were anointed and Crowned openly.  
As soon as any King of Mexico deceased, and his funerals ended, then were called to parliament the Lord of Tezcuco, and the Lord of Tlacopan, who were the chiefest estates, and then in order all other noble men, who owed any service to the Mexican Empire. And being come together, if any doubt of the inheritance of the crown happened, than the matter was decided with all haste: then the new King being known, he was stripped stark naked, except a cloth to cover his privy parts, and in this sort was carried among them, to the great Temple of Vitzilopuchtli with great silence, and without any joy or pleasure: Two Gentlemen of the City whose office it was, led him up the stairs of the Temple by the arms, and before him went the Princes of Tezcuco and Tlacopan, who that day did wear their robes of Coronation, whereupon was painted their arms and title. Very few of the laity went up into the Chapels, but only those that were appointed to attire the new king, and to serve in other Ceremonies, for all the residue stood upon the steps and below, to behold the Coronation. These Magistrates being above in the Chapel, came with great humility and reverence, kneeling down upon their knees before the Idol of Vitzilopuchtl, and touched the earth with one finger and then kissed the same. Then came the high priest clothed in his pontifical vestments, with many others in his company, who did wear surplices: and without speaking any word, they painted or coloured the King's person, 
The ointment.  with ink made for the purpose, as black as any coal. After this Ceremonye done, they blessed the anointed King, and sprinkled him four times with a certain holly water, that was made at the time of consecration of the God, made of dough or paste, with a sprinkle made of boughs of Cane leaves, Cedar, & willow leaves. Then they put upon his head, a cloth painted with the bones and skulls of dead men, and next they clothed him with a black garment, and upon the another blue, and both were painted with the figures of dead men's skulls & bones. Then they put about his neck certain laces, whereat did hung the arms of the Crown. And behind his back they did hung certain little bottles full of powders, by virtue whereof he was delivered from pestilence and diseases, according to their opinion: yea & thereby witches, nor witchcrafts could not hurt him, nor yet evil men deceive him. In fine, with those relics he was sure from all peril and danger. Upon his left arm they bound a little bag of incense, and then brought unto him a chaffyng dish of embers made of the bark of an Oak tree. Then the king arose, and with his own hand threw of the same incense into the chaffing dish, and with great reverence brought the same to the God Vitzilopuchtli, and after he had smoked him therewith, he sat him down, then came the high Priest and took his oath to maintain the religion of the Gods, to keep also all the laws and customs of his predecessors, to maintain justice, and not to agraviate any of his vassals or subjects, and that he should be valiant in the wars, that he should 'cause the Sun to give his light, the clouds to yield rain, the rivers to run, and the earth to bring forth all kind of grain, fruits, and other needful herbs and trees. These and many other impossible things the new king did swear to perform: and then he gave thanks to the high priest, and commended himself to the Gods and to the lookers on, and they who brought him up in the same order, carrieth him down again. Then all the people cried, the Gods preserve the new king, and that he may reign many years in health with all his people. But then some began to dance, other to play on their instruments, showing outwardly their inward joys of heart. And before the king came to the foot of the steps, all the noble men came to yield their obedience, and in token of loving and faithful subjects they presented unto him feathers, strings of snail shells, colours, and other jewels of gold and silver, also mantles painted with death, & bore him company unto a great hall within the compass of the temple, and there left him. The king sitteth down under his cloth of estate, called Tlacatecco, and in four days departeth not out of the circuit of the temple, the which he spends in prayers, sacrifice and penance, he eats then but once a day, and every day he baths himself, and again in the night in a great pond of water, and then lets himself blood in his ears, and senseth therewith the God of Water, called Tlaloc: he likewise senseth the other idols, unto whom he offereth bread, flowers, Papers and little Canes died in the blood of his own tongue, nose, hands, and other parts of his body. After the four days expired, then come all the Noble men to bear him company to his palace with great triumph and pleasure of all the City, but after his consecration few or none dare look him in the face.  
And now with the declaring of the acts and Ceremonies that the Mexican Kings are crowned, I shall not need to rehearse of other kings, for generally they all do use the same order, saving that other Princes go not up to the top of the Temple, but abide at the foot of the steps to be crowned, and after their Coronation they come to Mexico for their confirmation, and then at their return to their country, they made many drunken feasts and banquets.   

The opinion of the Mexicans concerning the Soul.  
THe Mexicans did believe that the Soul was immortal, and that they received either joy or pain according to their deserts & living in this world, unto which opinion all their religion did attain, and chief appear at their burials. They hold for an assured faith, that there were nine places appointed for souls, & the chiefest place of glory to be near unto the Sun, where the souls of those which were good men slain in the wars, & those which were sacrificed were placed, and that all other sorts of evil persons their souls above on the earth, & were divided after this sort, children that were dead borne went to one place, those which died of age or other disease went to another, those which died of sodden death to another, those which died of wounds or contagious diseases went to an other place, those which were drowned went to another, those which were put to death for offence by order of justice, as for robbery and adultery to another: Those which slew their fathers, mothers, wives or children, to another place by themselves, also those who slew their masters or any religious person went to another place. The common sort of people were buried, but Lords and rich men had their bodies burned & their ashes buried. In their shreudes they had a great difference, for many dead bodies were buried better appareled than when they were on live. Women were shrewded after another sort. And he that suffered death for adultery was shrewded like unto the God of lechery, called Tlazoulteutl, he that was drowned like unto the God of water named Tlacoc, and he that died with drunkenness was shrewded like unto the God of wine called Ometochtli. But the Soldier had an honourable shrewd like unto the attire of Vitzilopuchtli, and the like order in all other sorts of deaths.   

The burial of Kings in Mexico.  
WHen any King of Mexico happened to fall sick, they used forthwith to put a visor upon the face of Tezcatlipuca, or Vitzilopuchtli, or some other Idol, which Visor was not taken away, until they saw whether the king did amend, or else die: But if he chanced to die, than word was sent throughout all his dominions to bewail his death, and also other posts were sent to call the Noble men that were his nighest kinsmen, and to warn them within four days to come unto his burial.  
The dead body was laid upon a fair mat, & was watched four nights, with great lamëtation and mourning: then the body was washed, and a lock of hear cut from the crown of his head, which was preserved as a great relic, saying that therein remained the remembrance of his soul. This done, a fine Emerald was put into his mouth, and his body shrewded in seventeen rich mantles, of colours, both rich and costly wrought. Upon the upper mantle was set the devise or arms of Vitzilopuchtli or Tezcalipuca, or of some other idol, in whom the king had great confidence in his life time, and in his temple should the body be buried. Upon his face they put a visor, painted with foul and Devilish gestures, beset with many jewels, precious stones, and pearls. Then they killed his slave, whose office was to light the Lamps and make fire unto the Gods of his palace. These things done, they carried the dead body unto the Temple: some followed him with doleful tune, others song the death of the king by note, for so was the custom.  
The Noble men and Gentlemen of his household carried Targets, Arrows, Mases, and Ensigns to throw into the fire where the body should be buried in the Temple. The high Priest and all the Clergy received him at the Temple gate, with a sorrowful song, and after he had said certain words, the body was thrown into a great fire made for the purpose, with all the jewels that he had about him, and all the other things which was brought to honour the burial: also a dog newly strangled with an arrow, which was to guide him his way. In the mean while that the King and dog were burning, the Priests sacrificed two hundred persons, howbeit in this Ceremony there was no ordinary tax, for sometimes they sacrificed many more: they were opened with a razor of flint in the breasts, and their hearts taken out and thrown into the fire where the King's body was. These miserable persons being sacrificed, and their bodies thrown into a hole, they believed assuredly that those should serve for his slaves in another world: some of them were dwarfs, monstrous and deformed persons, with some women. They placed about the dead body of the King before his burial, Roses, Flowers and sundry dishes of meat and drink, and no creature durst touch the same, but only the Priests, for it seemed to be an offering.  
The next day following, all the ashes were gathered together, and the teeth with the Emerald that was in his mouth, the which things were put into a chest, painted on the inside with horrible figures of devils, and the lock of hear which was cut from his crown, and another lock of hear which was preserved from the time of his birth. Then the chest was locked, and an image of wood made and clothed like unto the King's person, which was set on the top of the chest. The obsequies endured four days, in the which the wines and daughters of the king offered great offerings at the place where his body was buried, and before the chest and his image.  
On the fourth day after the burial, fifteen slaves were sacrificed for his soul, and on the twentieth day other five persons were also sacrificed, likewise on the sixty three, and fourscore, which was like unto the years mind.   

The order of burial of the Kings of Michuacan.  
THe kingdeme of Michuacan is almost as great as the Empire of Mexico, and when any king of that country happened to be visited with sickness, and brought to such extremity, that hope of life were passed, according to the opinion of Physicians, than would he name and appoint which of his Sons should inherit the estate, and being known, the new king or heir, incontinent sent for all the governors, Captains, and valiant soldiers, who had any office or charge to come unto the burial of his Father, and he that came not, from thenceforth was held for a Traitor and so punished. When the death of them old King was certain, then came all degrees of Estates and brought presents to the new king, for the approbation of his kingdom, but if the King were not thoroughly dead, but at the point of death, than the gates were shut in, and none permitted to enter, and when his life was departed, then began a general cry and mourning, and they were permitted to come where their dead king lay, and to touch him with their hands: this being done the carcase was washed with sweet waters, and then a fine shirt put upon him, and a pair of shoes made of a Dear skin put on his feet, and about his ankles were tied certain bells of gold, about his wrists of his hands were put Manyllias of Turkeys, and other bracelets of gold, likewise about his neck they hung other collars of precious stones and gold, and rings in his ears, with a great Turquois in his neither lip. Then his body was laid upon a large hear, whereon was placed a good bed under him: on his one side lay a bow with a quiver of arrows, and on his other side lay an image made of fine mantles of his own stature or bigness with a great tough of fine feathers, shoes upon his feet, with bracelets and a collar of gold. While this work was a doing, others were bufied in washing the men and women which should be slain for to accompany him into Hell: these wretched folk that should be slain were banqueted & filled with drink, because they should receive their death with less pain. The new king did appoint those who should die for to serve the king his father, but yet many of them had rather been without his service, notwithstanding some simple souls esteemed that odious death for a thing of immortal glory. First seven Gentlewomen of noble parentage were appointed to die, the one to have the office of keeper of his tewels which he was wont to were, another for the office of cup bearer, another to give him water with a basin and ewer, another to give him always the urinal, another to be his Cook, and another to serve for landres. They slew also many women slaves, and free maidens for to attend upon the Gentlewomen, and moreover one of every occupation within the city. When all these that were appointed to die were washed & their bellies full with meat & drink, than they painted their faces yellow, and put garlands of sweet flowers upon each of their heads. Then they went in order of procession before the bear whereon the dead king was carried, some went playing on instruments made of snail shells, others played upon bones and shells of seaturtils, others went whistling and the most part weeping: the Sons of the dead king & other noble men carried upon their shoulders the bear where the corpse lay, & proceeded with an easy pace toward the Temple of the God Curicaveri: his kinsmen went round about the bear, singing a sorrowful song. The officers and household servants of the Court with other Magistrates and rulers of justice bore the Standartes and divers other arms.  
About midnight they departed in the order aforesaid out of the King's palace with great light of fire brands and with a heavy noise of trumpets and drums. The Citizens which dwelled where the corpse passed, attended to make clean the street. And when they were come to the temple, they went four times round about a great fire made of the wood of Pine tree, which was prepared to burn the dead body: then the bear was laid upon the fire, and in the mean while that the body was burning, they mawled with a club those which had the garlands, and afterward buried them by four and four, as they were appareled behind the Temple.  
The next day in the morning, the ashes, bones and jewels was gathered and laid upon a rich mantle, the which was carried to the temple gate, where the priests attended to bless those devilish relics, whereof they made a dough or paste, and thereof an image which was apparelled like a man, with a visor on his face, and all other sorts of jewels that the dead King was wont to wear, so that it seemed a gallant idol. At the foot of the temple stairs, they opened a grave ready made, which was square, large, & two fathom deep, it was also hanged with new mats round about, and a fair bed therein, in the which a religious man placed the idol made of ashes, with his eyes toward the east part, and hung round about the walls Targets of gold and silver, with bow and arrows, & many gallant tufts of feathers with earthen vessels, as pots, dishes & platters, so that the grave was filled up with household stuff, chests covered with leather, apparel, jewels, meat, drink, and armour. This done, the grave was shut up & made sure with beams, boards, and floored with earth on the top.  
All those Gentlemen which had served or touched any thing in the burial, washed themselves, and went to dinner in the Court or yard of the King's house without any table, and having dined, they wiped their hands upon certain locks of Cotton will, hanging down their heads, and not speaking any word, except it were to ask for drink. This Ceremony endured five days, and in all that time no fire was permitted to be kindled in the City, except in the King's house and Temples, nor yet any corn was ground, or market kept, nor none durst go out of their houses, showing all the sorrow that might be possible for the death of their King.   

The order of Matrimony among the Indians.  
IN Tlaxcallan and many other Cities, was used as a principal Ceremony and token of marriage, that the Bridegroom and his Bride, against the day of marriage, had their heads polled, which was to signify, that from that day forward, all childish orders should be laid aside, and from that time new hear might grow, to declare another kind of life. The chiefest knot of marriage used in Michuacan was, that the Bride do look directly upon her spouse, for otherwise the Matrimony was not perfit nor available.  
In Mixteoapan which is a great province, they use to carry the Bridegroom to be married upon their backs, which is to be understood, that he goeth against his will, but yet they take hands, in token that the one shall help the other, and then they knit both their mantles together with a great knot, signifying that they aught continually, while life lasteth, to devil together.  
The Indians called Macatecas, consumme not their Matrimony in twenty days after their marriage, but abide in fasting and prayer all that while, sacrificing their bodies, and anointing the mouths of the Idols with their own proper blood.  
In Panuco the husbands buy their wives for a bow, two arrows, and a net, and afterward the father in law speaketh not one word to his son in law for the space of a whole year. And when the husband happeneth to have any child, he lieth not any more with his wife in two years after, for fear lest she might be with child again before the former child were out of danger, although some do suck until twelve years of age, and for this consideration they have many wives. Likewise there is an order among them, that no woman may touch or dress any thing being with their menstrual ordinary.  
Divoremcent was not permitted without a just cause and authority of justice, among those who were openly married, but the other sort might be as easily forsaken as taken.  
In Mechuacan was not permitted any divorcement, except the party made a solemn oath, that they looked not the one on the other steadfastly and directly at the time of their marriage. But in Mexico they must prove how the wife is barren, foul, & of a naughty condition: but if they put away their wives without order and commandment of the judge, than the hear of the offender's head is burned in the market place, as a shame or punishment of a man without reason or wit.  
The pain of adultery was death, as well for the man as the woman: but if the adulterer were a Gentleman, his head was decked with feathers after that he was hanged, and his body burned, and for this offence was no pardon, either for man or woman, but for the avoiding of adultery they do permit other common women, but no ordinary stews.   

Of the judges and order of justice.  
IN Mexico were twelve judges, who were all noble men, grave, and well learned in the Mexican laws. These men lived only by the rents that properly appertain to the maintenance of justice, and in any cause judged by them, it was lawful for the parties to appeal unto other twelve judges, who were of the prince's blood, and always abode in the Court, and were maintained at the Kings own cost and charge. The inferior judges came ordinarily once every month to consult with the higher. And in every fourscore days came the judges of every province within the Mexican Empire, to consult with the judges of Mexico, but all doubtful causes were reserved to the King, only to pass by his order and determination. The Painters served for notaries, to paint all the cases which were to be resolved, but no suit passed above fourscore days without final end and determination. There were in that city twelve Sergeants, whose office was to arrest, and to call parties before the judges. Their garments were painted mantles, whereby they were known a far off. The prisons were under ground, moist and dark, the cause whereof, was to put the people in fear to offend. If any witness were called to take an oath, the order was, that he should touch the ground with one of his fingers, and then to touch his tongue with the same, which signified that he had sworn and promised to speak the troth with his tongue, taking witness thereof, of the earth which did maintain him. But some do interpret the oath, that if the party swore not true, that then he might come to such extremity, as to eat earth. Sometime they name and call upon the God of the crime, whose cause the matter touched.  
The judge that taketh bribes or gifts, is forthwith put out of his office, which was accounted a most vile and shameful reproach. The Indians did affirm, that Necavalpincintli did hung a judge in Tezcuco, for giving an unjust sentence, he himself knowing the contrary. The murder is executed without exception.  
The woman with child that wilfully casteth her creature, suffereth death for the same, because many women did voluntary use that fact, knowing their children could not inherit. The punishment of adultery was death.  
The Thief for the first offence was made a slave, and hanged for the second. The traitor to the King and common weal, was put to death with extreme torments.  
The woman taken in man's apparel died for the same, and likewise the man taken in woman's attire. Every one that challenged another to fight except in the wars, was condemned to die. In Tezcuco the sin of Zodomy was punished with death, & that law was instituted by Necavalpincintli, & Necavalcoio, who were judges, which abhorred the filthy sin, & therefore they deserved great praise, for in other provinces the abominable sin was not punished, although they have in those places common stews, as in Panuco.   

The order of cruel Sacrifice used among the Indians.  
AT the end of every twenty days, is celebrated a festival feast called Tonalli, which falleth continually the last day of every month, but the chiefest feast in the year, when most men are sacrificed & eaten, is at the end of every fifty two years. But the Tlaxcaltecas and other common weals, do celebrated this feast every fourth year.  
The last day of the first month is called Tlacaxipevaliztli, on the which day were slain a hundred slaves, which were taken in the wars, and after the sacrifice, their flesh was eaten in this order. All the Citizens, gathered themselves together in the high Temple, and then the Ministers or Priests came and used certain ceremonies, the which being ended, they took those which were to be sacrificed, by one and one, and laid them upon their backs upon a large stone, and then the slave being on live, they opened him in the breast, with a knife made of flint stone, and took out his heart, which they threw immediately at the foot of the Altar, as an offering, and anointed with the fresh blood, the face of the God Vitzilopuchtli, or any other Idol. This done, they plucked of the skins of a certain number of them, the which skins so many ancient persons put incontinent upon their naked bodies, all fresh & bloody, as they were sleane from the dead carcases. And being open in the back part and shoulders, they used to lace them, in such sort that they came fit upon the bodies of those that ware them, and being in this order attired, they came to dance among many others. In Mexico the king himself did put on one of, these skins, being of a principal captive, and danced among the other disguised persons, to exalt and honour the feast, and an infinite number followed him to behold his terrible gesture, although some hold opinion that they followed him to contemplate his great devotion. After the sacrifice ended, the owner of the slaves did carry their bodies home to their houses, to make of their flesh a solemn feast to all their friends, leaving their heads and hearts to the Priests, as their duty and offering. And the skins were filled with cotton wool, or straw, to be hung in the temple, and king's palace, for a memory.  
The slaves when they went to their sacrifice, were appareled in the habit or devise of the Idol unto whom each of them did commend himself: and moreover they decked them with feathers, garlands and flowers. Many of these sort of people, do go to the slaughter with joyful countenance, dancing, demanding alms through the City for their sacrifice, all the which alms is due unto the priests. When the green corn was a foot above the ground, they used to go unto a certain hill which was appointed for such devotion, and there sacrificed two children, a boy, and a girl of three years of age, to the honour of Tlaloc god of water, beseeching him therefore devoutly, to have always a care to provide them water: these children were free borne, and therefore their hearts were not taken out of their bodies, but after that their throats were cut, their bodies were wrapped in a new mantle, and then buried in a grave of stone.  
The feast of Tozoztli was, when the fields of Maiz were grown two foot high, than a certain sum of merchandise was gathered among the dwellers in the town, wherewith were bought four little slaves betwixt the age of five and seven, and they were likewise sacrificed to the god Tlaloc, for continual showers of rain. And those dead bodies were shut up in a cave appointed for the same purpose. The beginning of this sacrifice of four children was, at the time when in four years space it rained not, in the which season the springs were dried up, and all green things perished: wherefore they were forced to leave the country, and went to inhabit at Nicaragua. In the month and feast of Hueitozotli, when the corn fields of Maiz waxed ripe, than every one in general gathered his handful of Maiz, and brought it unto the temple for an offering, with a certain drink called Atuli, which is made of the same Maiz. They brought also the sweet gum Copalli to sense the gods which do 'cause the corn to grow: and all that night they ceased not dancing without drunkenness. At the beginning of summer they celebrated an other feast called Tlaxuchimcaco, with all kind of Roses and sweet flowers that might be gotten, and thereof they used to make garlands to set upon the Idols heads, and so spent all that day in dancing. And to celebrated the feast called Tecuilhuitli, all the gentlemen, and principal persons of each province, do come unto the City, on the evening of the feast, and then they apparel a woman with the attire of the Gods of salt, who danced among a great company of her neighbours. But on the next day she was sacrificed with all the Ceremonies and solemnity accustomed, and all that day was spent in great devotion, burning of incense in the fire pans of the temple.  
The merchants who had a temple by themselves dedicated to the god of gains, made their feast upon the day called Miccailhuitl, wherein they slew many slaves in sacrifice, which they had bought, and banqueted that feast with man's flesh, dancing all the day. The feast of Vchpaniztli they sacrificed a woman, and afterward her body was slain, and her skin put upon an Indians back, who danced two days a row with all the townsmen, which were appareled in their best attire to celebrated the feast. The day of Hatamutztli the feast is kept in Mexico, where they enter into the lake with a great number of Canoas', & there they drown a boy & a girl in a little boat, which they 'cause to be sunk, in such sort, that never after that boat appeareth again: and they hold opinion that those children were in company with the Gods of the lake. So that, that day was spent in feasting in the temples, and anointing the Idols cheeks, with gum called Vlli. There were some Images that had their faces two inches thick with that gum.   

The order of certain religious women.  
ON the back side of every great Temple, in every City was made a great Hall or lodging, standing alone, where as many women did eat, drink, lodge, & lead their lives. And although such houses had no orders, they abode there sure enough. These women which lay in the houses of the Gods, were of sundry intentions. But none of them came to abide there all their life time, although among them were some old women. Some entered into those religious houses being sick and deceased, hoping there to recover their health: others came thither through pure need, and necessity, to be there relieved: other some came thither to be good and virtuous: and some entered into the religion, hoping that the Gods would give unto them riches, and long life. But generally their coming thither was, to have good husbands, and many children: each of them vowed the time that she would or meant to abide in that order, and after that time expired they married.  
The first thing that they did coming into the religion, was to poll their heads, to be known from others. Their offices were to spin cotton wool and feathers, and to weave cloth, for to apparel the Gods and themselves, to sweep the yard and lodgings of the temple (for the stairs and high chapels, the ministers themselves did make clean) they used also to let them blood in certain parts of the body, to offer to the Devilish Idols. On every festival day they went on procession with the priests, but it was not lawful for them to presume to go up the stairs of the temple, nor yet to sing. They lived on alms, for their kinsfolk being rich, did maintain them with alms as a charitable service done unto the Gods: their food was boiled flesh, and hot bread, to the intent that they should offer thereof to the Gods, that they might taste of the smoke of that victual: they used to eat in community, and lay altogether in one dormitory, as a flock of sheep: they lay always in their clotheses, for honesty sake, and also to be the sooner ready in the morning to serve the Gods, & to go to their work. And yet I know not why they should put off their clotheses, for they went almost naked. On the holy days they used to dance before the Gods, and she that either talked or laughed with any religious or secular person, was reprehended for the same. And if any of them committed whoredom, then both the man & the woman were slain, yea they believed that all such offender's flesh would rot and consume away, and especially those which had lost their Virginity in the time of their religion. So that with fear of punishment and infamy, they were good women all the while that they abode there.   

How the Devil appeared to the Indians.  
THe Devil did many times talk with the priests, and with other rulers and particular persons, but not with all sorts of men. And unto him to whom the Devil had appeared, was offered & presented great gifts. The wicked spirit appeared unto them in a thousand shapes, and fashions, & finally he was conversant and familiar ●mong them very often. And the fools thought it a great wonder, that Gods would be so familiar with mortal men. Yea they not knowing that they were Devils, and hearing of them many things before the had happened, gave great credit and belief to their illusions and deceits. And because he commanded them, they sacrificed such an infinite number of creatures. Likewise he, unto whom he had appeared, carried about him painted, the likeness wherein he showed himself the first time. And they painted his image upon their doors, benches, and every corner of the house. And as he appeared in sundry figures & shapes, even so they painted him, of infinite fashions, yea and some foul, grisly, & fearful to behold, but yet unto them, it seemed a thing delectable. So this ignorant people giving credit to the condemned spirit, were grown even to the highest hill of cruelty, under the colour of devout & religious persons, yea they had such a custom, that before they would eat or drink, they would take thereof a little quantity, & offer it unto the sun and to the earth. And if they gathered corn, fruit, or roses, they would take a leaf before they would smell it, & offer the same. And he that did not observe these & such other ceremonies, was judged one that had not god in his heart, yea & (as they say) a man out of the gods favour.   

The Viceroys of Mexico.  
THe greatness of the new Spain, the Majesty of Mexico, and the quality of the conquerors, required a man of noble blood to govern, whereupon the Emperor sent thither Don Antonio de Mendosa, brother unto the Marquis de Moniar, for viceroy, at whose arrival there returned from thence Sebastian Camires, who had governed that country with great discretion and worthy commendation. In recompense whereof the Emperor made him precedent of the chancery of Valladolid, and bishop of Culuca. Don Antonio de Mendosa was appointed viceroy in the year .1534. who carried with him many artificers very expert in their sciences, likewise through his intercession, a money house was erected in Mexico: he also caused silk to be made and wrought in that country, and planted many Mulberry trees for the same, although the Indians little care for such things through their slothfulness and great liberty. This viceroy Don Antonio, called all the Bishops, clergy, and learned men together, to consult upon ecclesiastical matters, which tended to the doctrine of the Indians. At that instant was decreed, that the Indians should be instructed only in the latin tongue, which they learned very well and also the Spanish tongue. They learn the Music with good will, especially the ●laute: their voices are not good for the prick song. At that season was also decreed, that no Indian should take order of Priesthood. The viceroy Don Antonio built certain towns with Roman pillars, in honour of the Emperor, and caused his name to be graven in Marble. He also began the ●ay or wharf in the port of Medellin, a costly and necessary work: he also reduced the Chichimecas to civil living: he spent much money in the entrance of Sibola, without any profit, and also thereby remained an enemy to Cortes. He likewise discovered much land on the south coast near Xalixco: he sent also ships to Molluca, for spices, which were lost: he behaved himself very prudentdently in the rebellion time of the Indians of Piru.  
The Emperor commanded him afterward to go unto the Piru for viceroy, considering the licenciat Gasca, who governed there, was returned into Spain, and likewise having understood his good government in the new Spain, although some complaints were made of him. It grieved Don Antonio de Mendosa, to depart from the new Spain, where he found himself well beloved among the Indians, who had cured him of sundry diseases with baths of Herbs, where before he was stark lame, and also possessed of lands, cattle, and other rich things, which he was loath to leave. Likewise he desired not to have to deal with other new men, whose conditions he knew not, although he knew that the Piruleroes were stubborn and unruly fellows. But of necessity he was compelled to take that journey by land from Mexico to Panama, which standeth five hundred leagues distant, in the year a 1851. And that year came Don Lewis de Valasco for viceroie to Mexico, who was a Gentleman wise and discrete in his government. The office of viceroy in the new Spain, is a charge of great honour and profit.   

The conversion of the Indians.  
O how greatly are those Indians bound to praise God, who being servants of Satan, and lost Sheep, yet it pleased the goodness of the Almighty to have compassion of them, who hath given them light to come out of darkness, and brought them to the knowledge of their cruel and abominable life, and hath now given unto them the holy Ghost in baptism: o most happy Cortes, thy pains was well employed, o valiant Conquerors, your names shall live for ever. I am now bold to say, that all that land which is conquered in the new Spain, the people thereof are generally converted unto the faith of jesus christ: o what a great felicity is it unto those blessed Kings who were the beginners thereof.  
Some do say, that in the new Spain only are converted Christians six Millions. Others hold opinion of eight Millions. And othersome do assuredly affirm, that above ten Millions are Christened. But in conclusion, I am assured, that within the limits of four hundred leagues, there are none unchristened.  
The conversion began with the Conquest, but with the diligence in prosecuting the wars, little good was done, until the year 1524. and then the matter went forward effectually, by reason that certain learned men went thither for the same purpose.  
At the beginning it was a troublesome thing to teach them, for want of understanding the one of the other, wherefore they procured to teach the children of Gentlemen which were most aptest, the Spanish tongue, and they likewise learned the Mexican speech, in the which language they daily preached. It was at the first a painful thing to make them leave those Idols in whom they had ever believed, yea and the Devil gave them cruel wars in spirit, and many times, in appearing in divers forms unto them, threatening, that if they did call upon the name of jesus Christ, it should not rain, and that all their delight and pleasure should be taken from them, provoking them still to Rebellion against the Christians, but his wicked counsel would not prevail.  
Through great punishment they have left off the horrible sin of Sodomy, although it was a great grief to put away their number of wives.  
There are now in the new Spain eight bishoprics, whereof one is an archishopric.   

The death of Hernando Cortes.  
THere was a great contention between Hernando Cortes, and Don Antonio de Mendosa, the Vizeroy, as concerning the province of Sibola, for each of them pretended a title unto the same through the Emperors gift, the one by means of his office of Vizeroy, and the other by his office of Captain General, upon the which matter they grew into such hatred, that perfit friendship could never after take place between them, although at the beginning they were familiar and loving friends: but malice grew to such extremity, that each of them wrote undecently against other, to the Emperor their master, the which their doings blemished both their credits.  
Cortes went to law with the Licenciat Villa Lobos the King's Attorney, about certain of his vassals, and also the Vizeroy assisted against him as much as he might. Upon consideration whereof, he was enforced to come into Spain in Anno 1540 and brought Don Martin his son and heir, being a child of eight years of age, and his son Don Lewis, to serve the Prince: he came very rich, but not so rich as the first time. He entered into great friendship with the Cardinal Loaisa, and the Secretary Cobos, but it prevailed not, for the Emperor was gone into Flanders about matters of Gant.  
In the year 1541. the Emperor personally went to the siege of argel with a mighty army, and Cortes with his two sons went also thither to serve him with a good company of men and Horses, but it pleased God to raise up such a tempest, wherewith the most part of the fleet perished. Cortes then being in the Galley of Don Henrike Enrikes, called the Esperanca, and fearing to loose his rich emraldes and other jewels at the time that the Galley was driven by violence of weather upon the shore, he then bound about him the said five rich emraldes, esteemed in a hundred thousand Ducats, yet notwithstanding through the throng of people, and hast to escape out of oc●e and mire, the jewels fell from him, who could never hear more of them, so that the present wars cost him more than any other, except the Emperors majesty, although Andrea de Oria lost eleven Galleys.  
But the loss of treasure grieved him not so much, as the excluding him out of the Counsel of the wars, where as other young Gentlemen of less knowledge and ability were accepted, which was a cause of great murmuring among the host. And where in the counsel of war it was determined to leave the siege and to departed, it grieved many, whereupon Cortes made an open offer, that he alone with the Spanish nation would presume to take argel, having but the one half of the Tudescos and Italians, if it would please the Emperor to grant unto him the enterprise. The Soldiers on the land did highly commend his courage, but the Sea men would give no ear unto him, so that it is thought that the offer came not to the Emperors knowledge. Cortes went up and down in the Court a long season, being sore afflicted in a certain suit about his vassals, and also the process and allegations of Nunio de Guzman, laid unto his charge in his residence. The whole process was seen in the counsel of India's, but judgement was never pronounced, which was a great hearts ease for Cortes. And then he departed from the Court toward Seville, with determinate will to pass unto the new Spain, and to end his life in Mexico, and also to receive the Lady Mary, Cortes his daughter, who was come from India, and promised in marriage unto Don Aluar Perez Osorio, with a hundred thousand Ducats in dowry, and her apparel, but the marriage took no effect, through the fault of Don Aluar and his father.  
He then fell sick of a flux and indisgestion, which endured long, so that on his journey toward the City of Seville, he departed this transitory life, in a little Village called Castilleia de La Cuesta, which standeth a mile from the City of Seville, on the second of December Anno 1547. being threescore and three years of age:  
His body was deposited with the dukes of Medina Sidonia.  
He left a Son and three Daughters begotten of the Lady jane de Zuniga his wife, his Son was called Don Martin Cortes, who did inherit his father's estate, and was married unto the Lady Ana de Arellano, his cousin, daughter to the County De Aguilar, by order of his father.  
The daughters unto Cortes were named as followeth, the lady Donea Maria, Donea Catalina, and Donea juana who was the youngest. He had another Son by an Indian woman, and he was called Don Martin Cortes. He had also another base son by a Spanish woman, who was named Don Lewis Cortes, and three daughters by three several Indian women.  
Cortes built an hospital in Mexico, and gave order for a College to be also erected there. He built also a Temple in Coioacan, where he willed in his Testament that his bones should be buried at the charges of his Son and heir. He situated four thousand Ducats of rent, which yieldeth yearly his houses in Mexico for the purpose aforesaid, of the which four thousand Ducats, two thousand should be to maintain the Studients in the College.   
FINIS.   

 

   

A Table expressing the chapters which are contained in this History.  

THe birth and lineage of Hernando Cortes. Fol. 1.  
The age of Cortes when he passed into India. 2  
The time that Cortes abode in Santo Domingo. 5  
Things that happened to Cortes in the land of Cula. 6  
The discovery of the new Spain. 10.  
The inventory of the treasure that G●●ialua brought. 12  
The determination of Cortes to prepare a fleet for discovery. 16  
The navy and men that Cortes carried to the Conquest. 20  
The oration made by Cortes to his Soldiers. 24  
The entrance of Cortes into the ●●and of Acusamil. 25  
The Indi●●s of Acusamil gave news of bearded men. 29  
A miraculous chance how Aguillar came to Cortes. 31  
The Island of Acusamil. 35  
The religion of the people of Acusamil. 40  
The battle of Po●onchan. 41  
The battle of Cintla. 43  
The Lord Tavasco yieldeth to the Christians. 46  
Questions demanded by Cortes of the Cacike Tanasco. 48  
How the Indians of Potonchan broke down their Idols. 50  
The good entertainment that Cortes had in Saint john de Vlhua. 51  
The talk of Cortes with Teudilli. 55  
The present by Mutezuma unto Cortes. 58  
How Cortes knew of discord in the country. 61  
How Cortes went to survey the country with .400. men. 64  
How Cortes rendered up his office by policy. 67  
How the Soldiers chose Cortes for their Captain general. 69  
The receeving of Cortes into Zempoallan. 72  
The talk of the Lord of Zempoallan with Cortes. 76  
Things that happened unto Cortes in Chiauizt●●n. 80  
The message sent by Cortes to Mutezuma. 83  
The rebellion done by the industry of Cortes. 85  
The foundation of the rich town of Vera Crux. 88  
The taking of Tizapansinca. 90  
The presence that Cortes sent to the Emperor Charles for his fifth part. 92  
Letters in general from the Magistrates of Vera Crux to the Emperor. 97  
An uproar among the Soldiers against Cortes, and the correction for the same. 100  
Cortes caused all his ships to be sunk, a worthy fact. 102  
How the inhabitants of Zempoallan broke down their Idols. 104.  
How Olintlec exalted the mighty power of Mutezuma. 107  
The first encounter that Cortes had with the men of Tlaxcallan. 11●  
How there joined a hundredth and fifty thousand men against Cortes. 116  
The threatenings of the Indian camp against the Spaniards. 120  
How Cortes cut off the hands of fifty espies. 124  
The Embassage that Mutezuma sen● unto Cortes. 126  
How Cortes wan the City of Zimpanzinco. 129  
The desire that some of the spaniards had to leave the wars. 132  
The oration made by Cortes to his Soldiers. 13●  
How Xicotencatl came for Ambassador to Cortes his camp. 136  
The receiving of Cortes into Tlaxcallan. 136  
The description of Tlaxcallan. 141  
The answer of the Tlaxcaltecas touching the leaving of their Idols. 145  
The discord between the Mexicans and the Tlaxcaltecas. 147  
The solemny receiving of the Spaniards into Chololla. 148  
The conspiracy of the Cholollans against the Spaniards. 152  
The punishment for conspiracy. 155  
The sanctuary among the Indians was Chololla. 158  
The hill called Popocatepec. 160  
The consultation of Mutezuma concerning the coming of Cortes into Mexico. 162  
Things that happened to Cortes in his journey toward Mexico. 164.  
The solemn pomp wherewith Cortes was received into Mexico. 160  
The Oration of Mutezuma to the Spaniards. 172  
The Majesty and order wherewith Mutezuma was served at his table. 175  
The foot players that played before Mutezuma. 178  
The tennis play in Mexico. 179  
The number of wives that Mutezuma had. 181  
A house of foul which were only preserved for the feathers. 183  
A house of foul for hawking. 184  
The armoury of Mutezuma. 186  
The gardens of Mutezuma. 187  
The court and guard of Mutez. 188  
The great subjection of the people to their King. 189  
The situation of Mexico. 192  
The market place of Mexico. 196  
The great temple of Mexico. 201  
The Idols of Mexico. 204  
The charnel house of Mexico. 206  
How Cortes took Mutezuma prisoner. 207  
The recreation of hunting which Mutezuma used. 212  
How Cortes began to pluck down the Idols of Mexico. 214  
The exhortation made by Cortes to Mutezuma and the Citizens for the abolishing of Idols. 215  
The burning of the Lord Qualpopoca and other Gentlemen. 219  
The cause of the burning of Qualpopoca. 220  
How Cortes put a pair of gives on Mutezuma his legs. 221  
How Cortes sent to seek for the mines of gold in divers places. 223  
The imprisonment of Cacama king of Tezcuco. 227  
The sorrowful oration that Mutezuma made unto his noble men, to yield them to the Emperor. 230  
The gold and jewels that Mutezuma gave unto Cortes for his first tribute. 233  
How Mutezuma required Cortes to departed from Mexico. 235  
The fear that our men stand in to be sacrificed. 230  
How james Velasques sent Pamfilo de Naruaez against Corte●. 241.  
The substance of a letter that Cortes written unto Naruaez. 244  
The talk of Naruaiz to the Indians, and his answer to Cortes. 246.  
The talk that Cortes had with his own Soldiers. 249  
The requests of Cortes to Mutezuma. 251  
The imprisonment of Pamfilo de Naruaiz. 252  
The rebellion of Mexico. 256  
The cause of the rebellion. 259  
The threatenings of the Mexicans against the Spaniards. 261  
The great danger that our men were put in by the strangers. 26●  
The death of Mutezuma. 266  
The combat between the Spaniards and the Indians 268  
How the Mexicans refused the offer of peace and amity 271  
How Cortes fled from Mexico 274.  
The battle of Otumpan. 280  
The entertainment of the Spaniards at their return to Tlaxcallan. fol. 283  
The protestation and request of the Soldiers to Cortes. 286  
The oration made by Cortes in answer to his Soldiers demand. 289  
The wars of Tepeacac. 292  
The great authority that Cortes had among the Indians. 294  
The Vergantines that Cortes caused to be built, and the spaniards which he had to besiege Mexico. 296  
The exhortation of Cortes to his Soldiers. 298  
The exhortation made to the Indians of Tlaxcallan. 301  
How Cortes took Tezcuco. 302  
The Spaniards which were sacrificed in Tezcuco. 307  
How the Vergantines were brought from Tlaxcallan to Tezcuco. 310.  
Of the dock or trench which was made to launch the Vergantines. 311  
The order of the host and army to besiege Mexico. 314  
The battle and victory of the Vergantines against the Canoas'. 316  
How Cortes besieged Mexico. 320.  
The first skirmish within the City of Mexico. 322  
The great hurt and damage in the house of Mexico by fire. 327  
Things that happened to Pedro de Aluarado through his bold attempt. 329  
The triumph & sacrifice which the Mexicans made for victory. 331  
The determination of Cortes to destroy Mexico. 336  
The hunger and infirmity which the Mexican● suffered with great courage. 340  
The imprisonment of Quahatimoc. 343.  
The taking of Mexico. 347  
marvelous signs and tokens of the destruction of Mexico. 349  
The building up again of the City of Mexico. 351  
How the Emperor sent to take account of Cortes his government. 354.  
The death of the Licenciat Lewis Ponce. 358  
How Cortes came into Spain. 359  
The honour which the Emperor showed unto Cortes with reward. 361  
The marriage of Cortes. 362  
How the Chancery was first placed in Mexico. 364  
The return of Cortes to Mexico. 367.  
The letters which the Indians used in Mexico. 369  
The Mexican year. 371  
The Indians believed that five ages were passed, etc. 377  
The nation of the Indians called Chichimecas. 378  
The Coronation of the Kings of Mexico. 379  
The opinion of the Mexicans concerning the soul. 382  
The burial of kings in Mexico. 383  
The order of the burial of the kings of Michuacan. 386  
The order of Matrimony among the Indians. 389  
Of the judges and order of justice. 391.  
The order of cruel sacrifice used among the Indians. 392  
The order of certain religious women. 396  
How the Devil appeared to the Indians in a strange form. 398  
The viceroys of Mexico. 399  
The conversion of the Indians. 401  
The death of Hernando Cortes. 40●   
FINIS.