A green Forest, or a natural History, Wherein may be seen first the most sovereign Virtues in all the whole kind of Stones & Metals: next of Plants, as of Herbs, Trees, & Shrubs, Lastly of Brute Beasts, Fowls, Fishes, creeping worms & Serpents, and that Alphabetically: so that a Table shall not need. Compiled by john Maplet, M. of Art, and student in Cambridge: intending hereby that God might especially be glorified: and the people furthered. Anno. 1567.  
Imprinted at London, by Henry Denham.   

To the Right Honourable, Lord, Lord Thomas, Earl of Sussex, Viscont Fitzwalter Lord of Egremont, and of Burnell, Knight of the most Noble order of the Garter, justice of the Forests & Chases, from Trent Southward, and Captain of the Gentlemen Pensioners, of the house of the Queen our Sovereign Lady,  
BAthyllus, he of Samos (moste honourable Lord) was one which the Poet Anacreon sang always of, minding him in every song for a certain conceit of worthiness which he thought was in him: Likewise Ligurinus was always one at the end of Horace his pen and mouth. And as a report goeth (and many Roman Histories show the same) Numa & Servius are by Poets commended, up to the Orbs of the Firmament or Sky: where they say they live as they list: whose bread is Nectar, and drink Ambrosia, a sugared and confect kind of Wine, which is served out in a fair Goblet or Cup by a fair waiting Boy named . These Poets figured hereby (most Honourable Lord) that any of the nine Muses, whatsoever kind of Harp they used, it should be strung and tuned so that it mought reach to Diatesseron, the only note of Noble men's commendation. And so do I gather, it is best used. I hereupon now wish that although Anacreon be gone, I had yet his Harp: for than would I now set and tune it many Notes higher than ever could he in the praise of Bathyllus, or Horace in the testimony of Ligurius: For I would use it to recognise and register the memorial of Yours such absolute Virtues. But sith this Harp is denied me: and the very Instrument which I now sound of, is not as I would it were, my intent notwithstanding and not my possibility is to be considered. Yet rather than I should have showed nothing at all of better testomonie of my good will towards your Honour, this shall suffice me (until hereafter I may do better) to use so simple a sound. And if so be I could worthily commend you (as those Poets did Numa and Servius) to high Olympus: you should surely by such our means come by some of their juncketts that they have: But this would I rather be done, by message had to and fro from these (which way Hercules used with Hyla Thiodamant his Son: Apollo with Hyacinth: Diana with Hippolytus:) then that you enjoying the presence of those, our Country should lack you, such her ornament and beautifying. Therefore for their better remembrance of you, I will do so much at the least as to signify unto them your cognisance the fair bright Star: which besides that, hath his hid signification. But to leave these: and although Typhis and jason be bold: yet I hope (most Honourable Lord) I have not theirs, but Vatienus his face. Whose simple Treatise of mine, when I was excited to bestow it of your Lordship, I strait ways gathered with myself that you were not Licinius the Emperor which was malicious toward the learned: neither yet Britannion, an utter enemy to the mother Science, and her daughter Discipline: neither yet Valentinian: but rather contrariwise julius Caesar, excelling both in Martial prowess, and also serious after the inquisition of good Discipline: or else julianus: or Marcus Aurelius. Which small gift of mine, if your Lordship take in good worth: I shall be encouraged after a while to enrich these: and to attempt much greater and better hereafter, so soon as I shall attain to a little more ripeness. And thus ceasing to trouble your Lordship any more I make an end: desiring GOD to bless you in all his gifts, both ghostly and bodily: and to continue you in long life and true Honour, to his glory: the help and assistance of others: and your own, and endless comfort. Amen.  
Your honours humble Orator, john Maplet.   

The Preface to the Reader.  
Whatsoever things (saith Cardane) are of Nature's tempering and dighting, either in the earth his closet or entrails, or within the water (being all void of filing and moving) may well be divided and sorted into these four kinds: earths Liquors or juices, Stones, Metals. earths, saith Diascorides in his fift book (as also the same Author abovesaid) have their difference either in colour, in smell, in savour, or else otherwise in other their use & purposes. Proper or pertinent to earths are many & sundry kinds and sorts, as those which either are in house with them, and far as they far, as Sande, which Isidore nameth the lightest earth, as others: or those which are never absent from the earth but are intermeddled with the water, as Alum, which of some is called the ●arth his salt, as salt itself and such like. In earths are divers dispositions and far divers effects (which thing Diascorides pursueth abundantly) there are also reckoned divers names of divers kinds: as that of Eretria a famous City in the isle of Eubea, hath his set and disposition of colour and show ashy like, and is in his kind in operation a sore binder, besides this marvelously cold. And that that is plentiful in Chium in Eubea also (for there is of this name besides this, two more, one a City of Caria, and another in Rhodes by Triopia) in effect and working is far otherwise, which being applied or used in medicine, drieth up and burneth. The like dissent is in portions of ground with divers Inhabitants of opposite quarters & Climates, which by common name they call earths, as in Samia is a most tough earth like to that natural Lime which is called Bitumen. But let us come to Brimstone which is the father of Metals: as Mercury or Quicksilver their Mother. Brimstone saith Harmolaus in Greek is called Theion. Isidore will have it called Sulphur, for that it soon runneth on fire. It groweth (as they both agree) in the y●es of Aeolia between Sicily & Italy: that is best that groweth in Melus a town of Thessaly which Nicius the Althenien captain, wan by famishing the inhabitants: Further, it groweth within the Hills of Neopolitan, companions of those which be called Leucogeis. Harmolous saith, that there be four kinds hereof. The first which is called Apuron live Alum, & this is solid and most massey: almost on clots, which kind only Physicians use. The second which is called Bolus a lump like metal. The third is called Egula used commonly of Fuller's to make their wool and yarn white. The fourth which is called Cauton which they use in the wick of Lamps of Oil & Candles. Thus much of this.  
Quicksilver in Greek is called ydrargyroes, it is as Cardane saith, a certain water made thick not by heat, because it is not hardened, neither by cold, for than should it be either in the stone his kind or else in the metals: but with most thin and pure yearthy part. Whereby it cometh to pass, that it is so heavy, so cold, so bright and clear, so liquid or running. It is rather mingled or tempered after a certain sort, & that his own, then congealed or compound, for as much as it is both liquid and fluxible. The reason he showeth why this kind, (as is also the water) are in figure round: for that they refuse in their fellowship drought or any mixture of earth. It searcheth & seeketh to the very bottom of each thing. It is for his raw mixture, of some called metal Inconcret. And as it is with ice which dissolveth, than when it vanisheth away, and doth not vanish till it be dissolved: in like sort doth this (but more principally, all metals) which do endure well till that they be melted. Dioscorides saith, that this Quicksilver is most found in silver quarries or mines: & is then ●ound when Silver is digged up: some will have it found in Mines by itself. It is best of all preserved and kept in those vessels that be of Glass, of Lea●e, or of Tin and Silver. All other matter of whatsoever kind it is of, it eateth through & ●loweth forth. It is a deadly drink overlading & breaking in sunder the inward parts with his weight, in remedy whereof many have taken forthwith Wine and Wormwood, and have been helped.  
But now to the second part of our first & former division. Liquores or juices be Oils, Wines, and whatsoever else is watery or of the water & air. They be called Liquores, for either being actually moistened, or else by power & possibility. ¶ But now let us speak somewhat ingenerallye (as we have of the other two) of stones, which supplied in our first division, the third roameth. Of Stones some be more base and common: other some more Precious and rare: but the common Stone hath his name and vocable (if I may so say) hurtfoote, for that it is in moving from place to place & journeying the foots pain and grief. The common stone hath almost infinite kinds which offer themselves every where, and therefore to speak of them particularly, or in several sort, it were both tedious and without delight: We mought therefore so have sorted Stones that we mought have made some of them both base, and common: other some base, but not yet common: lastly of all some neither base nor common but altogether rare and precious. Of the first sort are all these that are so plentiful with us and without estimation: of the second sort is the Pumelse concrete of froth as Isidore witnesseth, very cold of nature and in working so cold as he sayeth, that it being cast into a Hogshead of Wine and continuing there a while taketh from the Wine his natural heat. Of the last and chiefest sort are all such as are of greatest price, & for men's estimation spent on them, called Gems or jewels: as is that which they call Dionysius stone in spots ruddy: and be speckled round about, as that of Phrygia, in colour wan: in weight heavy: in virtue hid and secret: as that of Arabia, as white as ivory: without spot or speck: as likewise the sanguinary which in Greek is called Amatites which being well chafed and rubbed, bleedeth. After this sort it hath pleased Dame Nature thus to dally in each kind, thereby to show her cunning. But now let us go to the last part of our division. Metals and those of the mettalick sort, saith Cardane lie close for the most par●e in Mountains, in manner like to the branch or body of a tree: and are nothing else but the earths hid & occult Plants, having their root, their stock or body, their bough & leaves, & be in all these parts proportionally dispersed: further he saith, that both Stones and Metals have these four parts as those that be necessary to their ●eeing and increase: a Root, Bark, substance, and veins. The Stone his Root sayeth he, is either some other Stone out of the which it groweth, or else the earth: the Metals Root is either Metal, or some thing Me●allick. Their rind or bark saith he, doth differ manifestly from the rest of their substance, both in outward place and hardness. Their veins do appear manifestly. But thus much shall suffice us to have spoken of the whole as concerning division. Now let us come nigh each of them, and especially touch the best of them, leaving the rest, forasmuch as it is our purpose not to seek in all things what may be said of all, but espeically and principally to see what is in them especial and principal. And therefore we were about to have named this our Book the Aegemonie, of Nature's thre● middle Daughters: For that in them all, that is sought forth, than the which there is nothing better, nothing more excellent in all the whole kind: For such is the Greek word, Aegemonia, as if you would say Principatus: The best and chiefest of the whole. Those other two, that is yearthes' and Liquores, we purposedly omit: only covetous to bestow and employ in this first Book (but as briefly as we can, and in order as chanceth) our travail and diligence in inquisition after Stones and Metals: not that which I would, but that which I may for my poor skill & knowledge: not to teach or show the learned, how in this point Nature hath wrought (for that were as the proverb is, the Sow to Minerva:) But to record & repeat in manner of Story, with the residue of men simple & plain: And I cannot tell how it may somewhat help those that be learned also, If they shall espy and consider but the effect and proof of these. I therefore desire a Reader not learned, but unskilful: yet rather learned then immoderate. For the one willbe an impudent railer: the other although he findeth fault, yet shall a man have him reasonable able herein to stay himself. Thus much of this Preface, now to the residue of our matter.  
Farewell.   

Our Chiefest Authors herein.  

Aelianus.  
Agricola.  
Aristotle.  
Albertus Magnus.  
Avicen.  
Ausonius.  
Cardane.  
Cicero.  
Diascorides.  
Harmolaus Barbarus.  
Isidore.  
jorach.  
Laurentius Lippius.  
Lonicer.  
Lucan.  
Mantuan.  
Oppian.  
ovid.  
Plin●e.  
Ruellius.  
Remigius.  
Solinus.  
Theophrast.  
Volateranus with others.   Psalm. 104. 
O Lord how marvelous are thy works: in wisdom hast thou made them all, the earth is full of thy riches.   

A pleasant Discourse with the chief kinds particularly of Precious Stones, Plants, Beasts, & Fowls, after the order of the Alphabet, never heretofore in Print. The first Book.  

Of the Adamant Stone.  
THe Adamant is a Stone of Ind, small and rare, in colour like to Iron▪ but in clear re●lection and representation of image more crystal like: It is found in bigness of a Walnut, and never above: It yieldeth or giveth place to nothing, neither is it heat by iron or fire. Wherefore the Greeks call it Fickleforce, for that it can not be brought under. But whiles it is invincible or can not be won that way: yet notwithstanding with the warm and fresh blood of the Goat, it breaketh and riveth in sunder. It differeth, from the Lode Stone for that the Adamant placed near any iron, will not suffer it to be drawn away of the Lode Stone. Diascorides saith that it is called the Stone of reconciliation and love: for (saith he) that woman that hath withdrawn her love from her husband, by this, is brought to love him anew: yea, it goeth further: for it is said to give proof whether she be chaste or no: for if she be say they, she shall whilst she is in sleep embrace her husband through the working of this stone, if not, she shall fly and go back from him.   

Of Alabaster.  
ALabaster, as saith Isidore, in his xuj book and fift Chapter, is a white kind of stone died, and bespotted among with divers & sundry colours. Hereof are made vessels to keep and contain all Ointments uncorrupt, wherein they be most purely and safely preserved. It groweth about Thebis and Damascum, and especially that which is whitest. But the best of this kind is brought from Indie. It being borne about one, say some, keepeth him in amity and charity with all men.   

Of the Amitist:  
THe Amitist also groweth in Indie: It is Princes among those Gems that be Purple coloured. Diascorides saith, that there be five kinds thereof: but that which is Purple coloured, he reckoneth the chiefest. His force or virtue availeth against drunkenness, it keepeth a man waking, and driveth away ill cogitations and thoughts, it sharpeth the understanding. And is also one of those sorts that is easy to engrave in.   

Of Achates.  
AChates is a kind of Gem, but black in colour, interlined here & there with white veins: and it is called Achates of a certain flood of that name in Cicilie, about the which flood this Achates was first found. There is a certain kind hereof seen sometimes in Crete as Diascorides witnesseth, having strokes on each side like to blue veins. There is another kind in Indie bespotted on every part with spots like blood. That of Crete is said to make a man gracious, and to bring him in favour. That of Indie is good for the eyesight it remedieth venom, and being put into the fire is odoriferus.   

Of the Stone Albeston.  
ALbeston is a stone of arcady, in iron colour, having gotten his name of the fire, for that it being once set on fire, can never after be quenched or put out: Whereof in old time was built that kind of work Mechanical, whereas the Gentiles being once taken in sacrilege, died. Isidore saith in his xuj book, that in a certain temple of Venus there was made and hung up such a Candlestick, wherein was a light burning on that wise, that no tempest nor storm could put it out, & he believeth that this Candlestick had somewhat of Albeston beset within.   

Of the stone or Gem Alabandine.  
THe Gem Alabandine, as saith Diascorides, had first his name of Alabanda, a country in Asia, whose colour saith he resembleth the Herb Calcedonie: but it is somewhat more rare and in colour clear.   

Of the precious stone Absistos.  
ABsistos is black, marvelous weighty, bestroked and beset with red veins: This being once heat, keepeth hot seven whole days after, as Isidore recordeth.   

Of Amatites.  
AMatites is that kind of Gem, that touching a man's Uesture or Garment, it maketh it able to resist fire: so that it being afterwards cast into the fire hath no power to burn, but through the fires brightness becometh more bright itself. Thus saith Isidore in his xuj. book.   

Of Argirites'.  
Argirites' is a kind of Gem, that in colour and show is like to Silver, giving also appearance of golden coloured Gravel, his figure or form is four square: his virtue such as the Adamants is. The Mages suppose that it had this name of his power or ability in bridling and keeping in perturbations and troubles.   

Of Asterites.  
ASterites is a Gem: but white, keeping close within itself light, and showeth it forth but little, even as the Star doth: but to him that beholdeth it thoroughly, it showeth him the suns manifold reflections.   

Of Astrion.  
AStrion is a Gem, found first in Indie, of very nigh consanguinity with the Crystal, in whose Centre or middle point: as saith Diascorides, a certain light is seen shining, without reflection much like to the Moon. The same Author also thinketh that this light that it hath▪ it taketh of the stars, against the which it is helden.   

Of the Berill.  
BErill is a Stone rare, but not so precious, for it alone groweth in Indie: it is found green like to the smaragd. It is first found also raw and rude without either good look or pleasant show, but afterwards it is better polished of them of Indie, and they use to polish it in manner and form of Angle or Corner, to the intent that through the dullness of his own colour, this manner might show some glittering the light having his stay in every each corner: Some say, they fashion it a● the first, seven cornered: and otherwise they say it shimmereth not. There is also another kind of Berill, which of the Greek word is called Golden Berill, as saith Diascorides, whose interchanged green colour resembleth almost the wan and yellow colour of Gold. They say that this being borne about a man, and being put now and than to his eyes, keepeth a man out of peril of his enemies.   

Of Brass.  
Brass is a kind of metal, one of those seven that are compound of Brimstone & quicksilver▪ and is called Es of the Airs resplendeshing: The Brimstone that is proportionally wrought in this (as in all other Metals) is most earthy, nothing pure, having his colour red and as it were burned: Quicksilver, it hath but meanly, gross also and nothing subtle. Yet this kind of metal being well purged & scoured, sodden also and washed from all his infections may be made regular, & brought to what point you will. Of all other Metals, this is most soundable for his shrill and hard noise: With this therefore, as that which was most plentiful in the former time, they eared and tilled their ground, but after that Iron and the residue of Metals by succession were found, this kind ceased in that and such like uses. So even as the years change: so also doth things themselves change, as well and wisely sang the Poet.   

Of Chalcedon.  
CAlcedon, is a kind of stone pale and wan, of dull colour, almost a mean between the Berill and the hyacinth. It hath three only kinds: whereof every one of them is almost impossible to be graven in. It being well chafed and warmed will draw to it, a straw or a rush. It is as they say, the Lawyers and Orator's friend, and others who plead causes.   

Of Ceraunium.  
CEraunium is a stone like to the Crystal, bespotted with blue, and is found in Germany: There is another of this found in Spain firelike and like to a flame: his sufferaigntie is, that being safely and chastened borne about a man, keepeth him safe and preserveth him from Thunder and Lightnings, likewise the house wherein he is: and is otherwise effectuous to bring a man in sweet sleep.   

Of the Coral.  
THe Coral groweth in the red Sea, and so long as it is and hath his being in the waters, it is a kind of Wood, but by and by after that it is taken forth of the water and cometh into the air (and his reach) it hardeneth, and becometh a stone. His boughs under the water are espied white and tender: and being by chance through holdefast Nets in part or parcel brought to land, change also their colour and become red, and for their feeling, are as hard stones. Isidore in his xuj book. The Mages report that it resisteth lightnings. Therefore even as much worth and of estimation as is the precious Margaret, that, that cometh from Indie, so much worth and in estimation, likewise is the Coral with them of Indie. Hereof are said to be two only kinds, the one red & the other white: this last is never found in bigness & in length more than half a foot: that other often bigger and longer. They say that it is of power to rid us from all devilish dreams and peevish fantasies.   

Of the cornelis.  
THe cornelis is one of those sorts that be somewhat rare also, but not so precious, and is in colour red almost like to the Coral. It being hung about the neck, or worn upon the finger, is said, in all kinds of reasoning and disputation, to appease the party that weareth it, and to keep him from childish brawlings.   

Of the Carbuncle.  
THe Carbuncle is a stone very precious, so called for that (like to a fiery coal) it giveth light, but especially in the night season: it so warreth with the pupil or the eyesight, that it showeth manifold reflections. It hath as some say twelve kinds: but those most precious that come nigh the Carbuncles nature: it is found in Libya.   

Of the Crystal.  
THe Crystal is one of those stones that shineth in every part, and is in colour warry. Isidore saith, that it is nothing else then a congealed Ice by continuance frozen whole years. It groweth in Asia and Cyprus, and especially upon the Alps and high Mountains of the North Pole. It engendereth not so much of the waters coldness, as of the earthiness mixed withal. His property is to abide nothing in quality contrary to itself: therefore it is delighted only with cold.   

Of the Chrusopasse.  
THe Chrusopasse is a Stone of Ethiope, which in the day light shimmereth not, but in his quality lieth hid: In the night time when darkness ariseth, it than bewrayeth his own and peculiar quality. In the night time it is flamelike, in the day time yellow or wan.   

Of the Diamond.  
THe Diamond is one of those that be counted something precious, it is in colour almost Christallike but somewhat more resplendishing, and is as good (if it be of any bigness) as a looking glass. jorach calleth it an other eye: such certainty & truth giveth it in things done in his presence.   

Of the Dionise.  
THe Dionise is black or rather brown, all bestrowed with bloody strokes or veins. It being put faith Isidore in Wines, maketh them fragrant, or well smelling, and is thought with his smell or savour to remedy drunkenness.   

Of Dracontides.  
DRacontides as his name also mentioneth, is plucked forth of the head or brain of a Dragon, which only is in bright and fiery colour (as saith Isidore,) as long as, it is come by, the Dragon being alive: wherefore the Mages skilled in this point, cut it forth out of the Dragon his brain, he being by means cast in to sleep. The most bold and adventurous men, are said, to seek out the lurking holes of the Dragon, and whilst that the Dragon is from home, these men bestrew his Lodge with certain Grain, which being received of the Dragon, bringeth him into a dead sleep. And whilst they have thus brought their purpose to pass they rip in sunder the noddle of his head to take forth the Gem, and after that sow it up again and so departed.   

Of Dradocos.  
DRadocos is a kind of stone very pale, yet as shimmering withal, as the Berill. It is said to bring to a man fear of Devils and other strange thoughts fantastical: It being applied and laid upon a dead man, looseth his operative virtue. Wherefore they call it, the holy stone, for that whereas Death frequenteth or taketh, it utterly abhorreth.   

Of Echites.  
EChites is a stone both of Indie and Persia, which in the shore and Sea banks of the Ocean, in the very bosom of the Indian and Persian Sea, it is found: it is in colour Violet like: And there is a pair of them, Male & Female, and be most commonly found both together in the eagle's nest, without the which the Eagle can not bring forth her young: and therefore keepeth them, as most necessary in this behalf always in her Nest. These stones bound to a woman's body, being with child, do hasten child birth. And jorach saith, that if any man have these or one of these, and put it under that man's meat or trencher that he suspecteth to be in fault of any thing: If that he be guilty, he shall not be able through this to swallow down his meat: If not saith he, he may.   

Of Efestides.  
EFestides is in colour and Physiognomy very shamefast and childish, which being had and carried about the stomach, or heart, keepeth a man safe from all peril and endamaging. Diascorides saith, that if it be helden against the Sun beams, that then it is very fiery, but being thrown into the water, it leaveth boiling, & by little and little waxeth very cold.   

Of Elutropia.  
ELutropia is a Gem, in colour green, or grassy, in part coloured and bespotted with Purple specks & blood coloured veins. This is a marvelous juggler, for it will cause things object to be presented to our eyes as it listeth. It being put into a Basan of water changeth to a man's eyesight the Sun his beams, and giveth them a contrary colour. Being also moved and beaten in the air, maketh to appear a bloody Sun, and darkeneth the air in manner of an Eclipse: and therefore it is called Eloutropia as you would say, the Sun his enemy. There is of this name also a certain Herb which Enchanters & Witches have oftentimes used, and do use, as also that above said, whereby they have mocked and deluded many, which by means and working of enchantment, have so dazzled the beholder's eyes, that they have gone by them invisibly.   

Of Ematites.  
EMatites is a stone somewhat ruddy, somewhat sanguine, found both in Africa, in Indie and in Arabia: so named for that it resolveth & changeth oft into a bloody colour: and is called of some stench blood, for that it stoppeth his vent or course of flowing.   

Of Enidros.  
ENidros, is mean or small in bigness, continually sweeting or dropping, neither doth it for all this melt away or is lessened: of the which the Lapidare hath this note and tune as followeth.  
Perpetui fletus lacrimis distillat Enidros  
qui velut ex pleni Fontis scaturigine manat.  
Distilling drops and tears full oft  
That Enidros the Stone doth drop:  
Which as out of a Fountain full,  
Doth always run and never stop.  
And here question might be moved why it doth not vanish or wax less, through such daily flowing. The answer is for that his virtue or working doth bind and thicken the air, that which is next to it, and so bringeth it to his own nature, part by part in his order.   

OfGagates.  
GAgates is of the precious sort also, which was first found in Sicily in a certain flood called Gagatus of the which it took his name: although that in Britanny, it is a good jest & somewhat common as Isidore saith: It hath two kinds, the one russet in colour, and the other black, this last easy to be fired, and as smoky as Frankincense. It being left in the place where Serpents breed, driveth them clean away. And Diascorides saith, that this being put into the drink of a Maid or Virgin will easily give you judgement whether that she be a true and right Maid yea or no. For saith he, after that she hath drunk of this and doth not anon after make water, but can continue, then take her and esteem her a pure Virgin, and contrariwise, if she do not continue and stay herein some season, judge of her otherwise.   

OfGalactites.  
GAlactites is a stone in colour ashy, in taste very sweet & pleasant, which being pressed or grouned, yieldeth and giveth a certain Milky and waterish humour, as saith Isidore: This being kept in close, and shut up in the mouth, desturbeth and letteth the mind. further, it being bound to a Woman's thigh, causeth easy deliverance in child bed.   

Ofthe Gem.  
I Must needs before I journey any further or hasten to other, somewhat speak of the Gem: for that we have been occasioned and shall be hereafter to use it as the generalty or notion of the name and stock in these kinds. It is called a Gem saith Isid. for that it shineth and is smooth as the Gum. This hath his best beautifying in the variety and interplacing of colours, & it is called precious, for that it is rare: all things that be rare are precious. Neither is it to be marveled why each Gem is precious, sith that all and singular are not without their divine virtue. Of Gems, some are found in the earths veins, & are digged up with Metals: some are cast up to land and brought thither from the Sea his bottom, and their place of generation is unknown: other some are bred and found in the bodies & bellies of Fowls, Fishes, Creatures & Beasts of the earth, Serpents and such as creep miraculously by God & provident nature in their manner of working tasked. But in this kind as in all others we must take heed of Sophistication: for to discern & judge truly the right Gem from the counterfeited, is the signification of a most cunning man. It hath been seen that in stead of a smaragd some have had sophistred and counterfeited Glass: Wherefore let not colours deceive thee: aswell green to eyesight is the Glass as the smaragd, thou must take heed as the Poet biddeth, much colouring is there and many deceives.   

Of Gelacia.  
GElacia is a Gem very white, having the figure or show, likewise the bigness & quantity of an Hailestone, and is of such excessive coldness that by no means of fire had and applied thereto it becometh who●e.   

Of Geratites.  
GEratites is a kind of stone black, but his virtue exceedeth and is above his colour: If any man carry this in his mouth close, he may tell what every man thinketh of him: as saith the Lapidare. It also maketh amiable and bringeth him into others favour that hath it about him.   

Of Gold.  
Gold is the head of all other Metals, and is in the chiefest degree that Nature instituted Metals by ripeness and perfection at the last to come unto: but even as by stops and lets, partly by such imbecility as is within us, and about us, partly by envious & clean contrary disposition of the Air and Planets in their Orbs, fight and striving with us somewhile, & anon against us: we be many of us cut off before we come to old age, the last degree of Nature, so that we can not attain to this last, through such our hindrances and impediments: so there is order and ways to order in all Metals from the first to the last, from the most vile and base, to the most precious & richest: which kind of order and degree every Metal although it were of the rawest and basest sort, should attain to in his due time, were it not for impediments and hindrances, either of cold and barren ground, or for lack of the Sun his purifying and ripening, or for infection of rusty and copperous Minerals being nigh neighbour to them: or for such other stops, whereby they stop and stay, and so become gross for lack of their natural and first growth and tidinesse in ripening. Isido. saith that it is called Gold of the Air for that that the Air being stroked shimmereth the more. It is natural to all Metals that they shine and look bright, especially being moved and helden in the light. The Hebrews call this metal Ophar, the Greeks Chrusoes. Aristotle saith in his fourth book of Meteores, that this kind as all the rest proceedeth and is compound of Brimstone the very subtilest and red, and Quicksilver also as subtle, but white, and this last very smally and proportionally. Amongst all Metals there is none more solid, more compact than this is: and therefore it being put into the furnace doth not evaporate (as other things do) neither doth it lose of his weight. It is more ductile & easy to be brought to what point you will then any of the other. For upon a Stith with a Mallet it is brought into most thin leaf or plate without rapture or breaking. There is nothing to look to so beautiful as this, neither is their any thing so pure. The Physicians say that it comforteth and expelleth all superfluities in the body, and is effectuous against the Leprosy. Likewise his leaf buried in wine maketh it available against diseases & consumption of the Spleen, and other perturbations Melancholic. Likewise Incision or Adustion done with an Instrument of Gold is better than of any other Metal or matter, for it keepeth the place of ustion, free and clear from ill smelling and rancoring. There is also a certain vain of the earth, or whether a man might call it a kind of stone, easily digged up and broken, having the very look and face of Gold, and of some is the stone Arsenic, & is wrought as I think of Arsenicum, which also they call the golden earth. But this Arsenicum is double, one ashy colour, and the other as we above said, in colour like Gold. The first is used to medicine, for it hath power to dissolve & to purge: And besides that, they say it is used to Ointments depilative.   

Of the jasper.  
THe jasper is a Gem very green, like to the smaragd, but of a little more gross colour. Isid. saith that this hath. xvij. several kinds and he calleth it the green stone. That of Cypria, (saith Harmolaus) is more dusky coloured and gross: That of Persia is like to the Air, for the which it is called Aerizula: That of Phrygia is purple coloured: There hath been in ancient time seen a jasper in weight xj Ounces. There is also in the head of the Serpent Aspis found a little stone much like to the jasper of marvelous virtue, which some by cutting away the first letter, have called Aspis. It is thought to have so many ways in working as it hath kinds.   

Of the hyacinth.  
THe hyacinth is blue, and of nigh neighborhoode with the sapphire. This is a marvelous turncoat, for that it doth conform itself to all sets and dispositions of the Air, for being held in the cloudy and dark Air, becometh also cloudy and dark: and being in the bright and clear Air, becometh also both bright and clear. It is taken to be medicinable, to give vigour and strength to the limbs, to increase the sinews, and to provoke quiet and sound sleep.   

Of Iris.  
IRis is a kind of Stone Mathematicallye wrought, as being digged up in form six cornered, which at the first was found nigh the red Sea: but is now found in many places, as in Germany, in Ireland, and in the North parts and quarters, and is of colour as clear as the Crystal. It is called Iris for likeloode to the Rainbow, which being touched & stricken of the Sun his beams, under any covert, doth represent and show both the figure and colours of the Rainbow upon the wall next to it, and that oppositely as Diascorides saith. It hath the same force and working that the Berill hath, but is not in quantity so great.   

Of Iron.  
IRon in Latin is called à feriendo Ferrum, for that through his hardness it striketh, mollifieth, and bringeth under all kind of metals. This kind according to the manifold difference of earths and quarter's of the earth. is diversly called. It is engendered (as Aristotle saith) of Quicksilver very gross, nothing pure, unclean and earthy: and of Brimstone also as gross, as unpure, as earthy. In composition whereof there is more of the Brimstone: so that through the temperature of cold which is in the Quicksilver, of the drought and earth, which is in the other, it is so wrought & compact on that wise. Iron through blood touching waxeth rusty, and getting within him, can scarcely, or not at all, be rid of it, corrupting within otherwise. Rust therefore is nothing else but a default and an offence in the uncleanness and impureness of any substance, whether it cometh either by fellowship and placing next to the earth, or through any ill quality of man's blood, or of moist and infectious vapour. As Isidore recordeth. Of Iron Man's blood is soon revenged, for that by nothing so soon, Iron is brought to his corruption. It hath a natural amity with the Adamant, which Adamant (as we before mentioned) draweth it to it, and this last followeth and obeyeth. Iron being polished is very like to Brass. There is a certain Iron which is for the most part white, which if it be buried a certain space in a vessel either of Wine or of Milk, remedieth diseases in the Spleen, & is otherwise available. If you go to use and wade no further, this kind of metal is principal amongst the rest, which thing necessity teacheth, and is the best proof: which we also do approve then, when as we are constrained and driven to Weapon and Armoury: for without this could we neither be quiet at home amongst ourselves, neither could we keep off, from our Country borders and limits, other our outward enemies. Further (to stay ourselves in things at home and not to seek other) there could be no man's Art practised, no commodity had by occupation & science: further, not so much as the earth could be either sown or reaped to any increase without this. Therefore in this behalf it mought be called all grain and fruits Nurse.   

Of the stone Kaman.  
KAman the stone may well be called a turncoat, for that it is now black, now white, now shamefast & blushing. And is in colours very diverse, and therefore it is called Kama, as you would say in Greek Kauma soon kindled. It is found in hot places, and especially in those that have good store of Brimstone and be Sulphureous: as Diascorides reporteth. It helpeth saith he the dropsy: and is easy to be engraven and carved in.   

Of Kabiates.  
KAbiates is clear coloured, very like to the Crystal. It is thought being borne about one to make a man eloquent, to make him honourable, and to get and win him favour. It preserveth one also from hurtful and venomous Serpents, and cureth pain and grief in the Maw and Spleen.   

Of Kalpophanus.  
KAlpophanus is a kind of stone black, yet be painted with other colours, which being carried in the month is said to clarify the voice, and to help them that be h●arse, as the Lapidare witnesseth.   

Of Lead.  
LEad saith Aristotle, cometh and ariseth of Brimstone, both gross, unpure, & full of dregs: and of quicksilver also, watery, and in manner like to an humour. Isidore saith, it was called Lead at the first for that at the beginning with it was found forth and tried the Sea, his depth and bottom. There are two sorts of Lead, the one white, & the other black: but the whitest is best, which kinds was first found in the Isles of the Sea Atlantike. But is now found in Lusitania and in Gallicia, & in many other places. It is found also in Mineries in manner like to Gravel and Sand, which afterwards is sodden and melted to greater quantity in fire and furnace. That other black Lead is found most in Cantabrie, whose origine or being is after two sorts, for either it proceedeth of a vain by itself, or else it groweth next by silver, and overcrosseth his veins with it. Therefore his first liquor running when as it is melted is almost Tin: the second, in a manner Silver: that which is then left and remaineth (adding also to it his vain and so intermeddled) becometh black Lead. In Indie saith Isidore, there is neither Lead nor Brass of his own, therefore it changeth for his own Merchandise (as with Gems and Margaret's) wherein it is most plentiful. In Spain and France it is very hardly hewn out: In Britanny with very much ease. Hermes saith, that Led being boiled, looseneth all other sound bodies and weakeneth their hardness, as also it enfeebleth the Adamant.   

Of the stone Ligurius.  
LIgurius, is a stone in colour like to Tin. It is engendered in the entrails and privities of Lynx the wild Beast, and is of that virtue that it draweth to it any offal of chaff or straw. It also helpeth pain in the stomach, and bewrayeth Uenome or Poison.   

Of Lipparia.  
LIpparia is a Gem brought from the Syrtes, sandy places and graveled in the borders of Africa, next towards Egypt, whose property is to delight and enamour all kind of beasts, with his look or show, unto the sight whereof they all hastily run. Therefore the huntsmen for those that they can not get by course of greyhound, or other kind of Dog, they use only to come by them by means of looking in this stone, with the which sight they bring them to them, as the Lapidare reporteth.   

Of the loadstone.  
THe loadstone cometh from Indie, and is almost Iron colour like. It is found most rife amongst the Trogloditas people, in the furthest part of Africa, beyond Aethiopia, who are said to dwell in Caves, and to eat Serpent's flesh. It draweth Iron to it, even as one Lover coveteth and desireth an other. The common people therefore having sometime seen this so done by secret and unknown working, have judged and reputed the Iron lively. There is another kind of loadstone in Thessaly, that is of contrary set and disposition, which will have none of Iron, nor will meddle with it. But for the other that is reckoned principal and best, which in colour is blue. Saint Augustine saith, that if any man put under any vessel either golden or of brass, or hold under these any piece of Iron, and lay above the vessels or upon them this loadstone, that even through the very motion or moving of the stone underneath, the Iron shall move up and meet with it as nigh as the vessel will suffer at the very top.   

Of the Margaret.  
THe Margaret of all Gems, those which be in their kinds white, is esteemed the chiefest: as Isidore consenteth, with others herein. Which kind he will also have thus named, for that it is found growing in the meat of certain shell fishes, and those of the Sea, as in the Sea Snail, and in the greatest Oyster, and such like as have their shell. It is engendered of a certain heavenly dew, which in a certain time of the year, both the Sea Snail and the Cockle do take and drink up. Of the which kind of stone certain are called Unions, for that by one and one, they be found, and never above one: there be some of these also seen sometimes yellow, but the other are theverie best.   

Of the Mede.  
THe Mede is a precious kind of stone only found amongst the Medes, whereof it is so named, which stone in some places there, is seen green, in some other, black. It helpeth the Gout, mingled among with the Milk of a woman, n●w bearing a Son, and remedieth the Frenzy.   

Of the Melanite.  
THe Melanite is a Stone, which distilleth & droppeth that juice which is very sweet and honey like: wherefore it may well be called Melanite as you would say Honistone, and it is double coloured, on the one side it is green, on the other side yellow.   

Of the Mirrite.  
THe Mirrite is a Gem, both in taste and colour like to Myrrh, which being wrong & pressed hard, giveth as pleasant a smell as Nardus or spikenard.   

Of the Marble.  
THe Marble by Gre●ke word and name is interpreted green. There are Marbles in great and huge bigness, and length: which are of many esteemed and had in reputation for their spots and colours. The sorts and kinds of Marble are infinite: for not every of them are hewn forth out of Rocks: but many be dispersed under the earth, as the Marble with the Lacedæmonians, which is both green and precious: So likewise that kind of Marble which is called Ophites, which hath spots like a Serpent, is much esteemed. Of Ophites two sorts are mentioned: the first white and soft, the other black and hard. There is another kind almost Coral like, found in Asia▪ having certain blots besprent upon it and about it proporcionally. There is also a Theban Marble dipped here and there, and died like in manner to golden drops, and is found in a part of Egypt. There are other kinds also which breed and have the very rocks to be their shop houses, as the Marble in Corinth, whereof whole Pillars and great Beams are made. And there is another Marble called Caristeum very green, having his name of his good look, for that it is available to their eyesight that engrave therein. The green colour hereof refresheth the eyes. Marble therefore is more sound, more fair, more profitable than any other stones are, with Lead and not with Iron (contrary to all others wont) all stones of Marble are hewn and cut, which thing is marvelous. For neither with Steel nor yet with Iron, neither with Mallet nor cutting shears, neither with Saw by any force or striving withal, it is subdued.   

Of the Melochite.  
THe Melochite is a green Gem, much like to the smaragd, his green colour notwithstanding is somewhat more thick & gross: wherefore for his only colour, of some it is called green malve. It groweth in Arabia, and is to feel to very soft, and in effect very medicinable.   

Of Nesorpora or Toads stone.  
NEsorpora is a stone of Pontus, very precious, marvelous white, and as they say, it is found in a Toads head, out of the which it is plucked and taken forth, and is purified by lying a certain space steeping in strong wines and running water, as Diascorides beareth witness. In this stone is apparently seen very often the very form of a Toad, with bespotted and coloured feet, but those ugly and defusedly. It is available against invenoming.   

Of Nitrum.  
NItrum (as saith Diascorides,) is a stone but nothing precious or Gem like: it is also very white, easy to be riven, and to look to, it is clear also. It is called Nitrum of Nitrea, a Region or Country in Egypt. Of this stone many Medicines are made and are dighted therewithal, as one principally to take, and rid out of the body all filth and annoyances. The dust hereof also wrought with honey doth clarify and beautify the face.   

Of Onyx or Onichus.  
Onyx of some Onichus, is a stone of Indie and Arabia, having colours all about it intermeddled very like to a man's nail: whereupon the Greeks call our nail Onikin. That of Indie hath a colour like to fire, & is died with white Uaines or Zones. That of Arabia is black, yet died with white Lines or Zones. It hath many kinds as Sardonix, so called for that by commixture of the Onyx which is white and Sardus which is red, it becometh but one of them both. It being borne about one, riddeth him of fear: and in manner of a Glass it showeth a man's visage, as saith Diascorides.   

Of Oppalus.  
OPpalus (as saith Diascorides) is a stone in colour like to vecie many, and those clean contrary Gems. For it representeth in some part as good a green colour as the smaragd: in some other part it looketh like Purple, and in another part like to a hot Coal as the Carbuncle doth.   

Of Orites.  
ORites is a Gem black, and in figure round. It hath divers kinds, whereof one is green having white spots. This being worn and hung about the neck of any woman, prohibiteth and letteth conception, or, and if she have before conceived, it hasteneth her delivery, and maketh the birth untimely and unperfect.   

Of Parius.  
THe stone Parius is a kind of the finest and most excellent Marble. This is found in Para the Island, wherefore it is called Parius, it is very profitable and good to keep and preserve all kind of Ointments.   

Of Prassius.  
PRassius, is in manner of an Onion or Leek very green, and comforteth a weak and f●eble eyesight. It is found sometime with bloody drops, and sometime with drops that be white. It is nothing precious, neither in any laudable sort effectuous, but only for a show to the eyes. Whereof the Lapidare hath this Verse.  
utile nil affert nisi qui viret & decet Aurum.  
To no purpose or kind of good  
Prassius the stone doth serve  
But only that with fresh green look,  
it from offence th'eine doth preserve.   

Of Pirrites.  
PIrrites is a kind of stone, yellow, like to the fire his flame, and in quality almost all one with the fire: for the which I suppose it took his name, it is soon kindled and set on fire. It also sparckleth, and being hardly holden & pressed in any man's hand burneth him sore or he perceiveth it. Whereupon the Lapidare hath these two Verses.  
Tangi vult leviter blandaque manuque teneri  
nam pressus nimium digitos tangentes adurit.  
The Pirrite must with easy hand  
And marvelous soft enholden be:  
For being priest and held to hard  
Doth burn thy flesh or ere thou se.   

Of the Pionite.  
THe Pionite is a stone thought to be only a Female, for in very short time and full quickly it conceiveth & bringeth forth his like, and is an help also to such as be pregnant and big with child.   

Of Panteron.  
PAnteron is a stone of all colours, or at the least of the most part of them, whereupon it is so named: for it is in some part black, in other part green, in other part purple, and so forth. This is said to bolden a man, and to make him invincible.   

Of the Quiren.  
THe Quiren is a stone which is found in Islands and Fens, most commonly in Lapwings Nests: this is a betrayer of dreams, and of a man's secrets when as he is in sleep. It being put under his head the sleepeth, causeth him to speak out all that he hath in his mind in secret wise, and to himself only purposed.   

Of Quandias'.  
Qvandias' is a stone very vile in colour, but of much virtue as saith Diascorides▪ It is found in the vulture his head, and is man's friend, for it driveth from him all things that be hurtful.   

Of the Ruby.  
THe Ruby is a stone which of some is supposed to be found in the Crabs head, most commonly red, yet notwithstanding sometimes found in yellow colour. It availeth against the biting of the Scorpion and Weasel, if it be applied thereto plaster like.   

Of Rhombites.  
RHombites is of two sorts, the one which consisteth of Scales, having the likeness of Rhombus, a figure with the Mathematicians four square: having the sides equal, the corners crooked, whereof cometh Rhombites, This is very white as Cardane reporteth: there is another of this which hath the figure of narrow Rowler, but coloured and died within and without, so that it likewise representeth the figure of Rhombus.   

Of the Sapphir.  
THe Sapphir is Sky coloured or blue, like to the Sky in the most fair weather. It is one of the Noblest and royal sorts amongst all Gems, and most meet to be worn only upon Kings and Princes fingers. This for his sovereignty of the Lapidare, is called the Gem of Gems. It is found most especially in Indie, although that sometimes, otherwhere. Cardane saith, that it is next and above the Adamant in reputation: fift or last in the degree of those Gems that be noble and precious: he saith also, it is good (if it be not otherwise overlaid) to the eyesight, and that nothing in the whole world, doth more recreate or delight the eyes than the smaragd & Sapphir do●. Albartus Magnus saith, that he hath proved it twice, that with the only touching of this precious stone, the party so diseased, hath been rid of the grievous sore the Carbuncle. It is marvelously effectuous against all venom. Wherefore, if thou put a Spider into a Box, and upon the mouth of the Box, being shut thou layest the true Sapphir and keep the Spider but a very short time within the same, the Spider being vanquished and overcome by such mean of close virtue dieth suddenly. In old time it was consecrated only to Apollo: for the which they thought their business in Wars and affairs at home might be the sooner ended, if through such means they had enriched and honoured him, who by Oracle in all things those which were weightiest made only the answer.   

Of the Sardye.  
THe Sardye is a kind of Gem red coloured: so called for that it was first found in Sardys, (whose kinds) those especially which are more thin and clear (for this is something gross) have other names: as when it is most pure and clean, it is called Carneolus, of some (certain letters being changed) the Cornelles. Cardane saith, that this of all other stones is most meet to engrave in, & to make Seals thereof, and he giveth these three reasons: First, for that it cleaveth not or doth not hold fast to the Wax: secondarily, for that it is easily carved, for it is but of mean hardness. Thirdly, for that through clear humour or vapour it is not so soon dulled or duskied as many other be.   

Of Sardonix.  
SArdonix, as the Lapidare saith, is bred and borne of the Sardye, which is the father to him, & Onyx, which we before mentioned, in manner his mother. Isidore saith, it is three coloured, black about the bottom, white in the midst, & red at the top: It is as fit for Seals as the Sardye. There be five kinds hereof seen in Indie. This in working maketh a man lowly and shamefast in his doings.   

Of Silonite.  
SIlonite the stone is seen in Persia, in colour like to the jasper, or like to a fresh and flourishing green Herb. It increaseth and decreaseth even as the Moon, taking the Moon herein to be his pattern or example, belike for that it consisteth of humour abundantly.   

Of Silver.  
Silver in Greek is called Argurion, not far from the Latin name and appellation. It is compound of the best and purest Quicksilver, and of the most white Brimstone, and that which in their mixture and composition, by no means is burnt to red or black, as Aristotle rehearseth. Quicksilver therefore hath this proper and peculiar to itself, that it doth not gather together in manner of curd, or waxeth thick unless it be intermeddled with his fellow like acquaintance, Brimstone. Thereupon Aristotle proveth that Quicksilver & Brimstone are the Elements, that is to say, the matter and cause of beginning in all things liquable or those which melt, which are commonly called Metals. Quicksilver doth much breath forth and evaporate, whose breath or fume doth greatly hurt those, whom it apprehendeth. For it bringeth to a man the Palsy, and undoth and looseneth within him his Sinews and joints. Without this notwithstanding, there could be no mixture, neither in Gold, in Silver, nor yet in any other metal. Silver therefore hath these qualities peculiarly. It is clear, it is shrill of sound, easily ductile, a marvelous preserver of sweet balms, the jasper's friend, and with whom the jasper better agreeth than with Gold. It is also medicinable, for his offal or dust remedieth wounds. Further, it taking earth, rustieth: but being new rubbed over with Sande and Salt, cometh to his old colour again. Isidore saith, that there is three kinds of Silver, Gold & Brass: and of other Metals. That which is graven or by any wise seized upon: that which is wrought, and that which is not wrought: that which is sealed or coined, as is Money, or goth for Money: that which is wrought and made otherwise, as is vessel or Plate: that which is unwrought is called a lump or bar of raw metal, of some a wedge of metal.   

Of the smaragd.  
THe smaragd hath his name of his excellent and fresh green colour. For every thing that is grassy green, is properly called in Greek Smaron. It passeth both the leaf and bough of any Tree or plant in this his colour, and in this point alone triumpheth, neither is the Sun by his Sun beams, any let or hindrance to this his show. There is no greater refection to the eyes than the sight of this. It being polished and dressed, showeth a man his lively Image, whereupon the valiant Caesar had no greater delight, than in looking on this, to see his Warriors fight, and to behold in the smaragd which of them went best to work, and was most active. Isidore saith, that there be twelve kinds hereof, but the most noble is found in Scythia, the next in Bactria. This stone saith Cardane, serveth to divination, and to tell of a certainty, things to come, or otherwise. For that that shall come to pass, it will never let it sink or slip out of mind, and that that shall not, it easily suffereth the mind to forget.   

Of Sol.  
SOL the Precious stone, is in colour like to the Sun, and is called Sol, for that it giveth reflections of Sun beams, even as the Sun doth.   

Of Tin.  
TIn after his Greek name, is called a divider and distinguisher of one thing from another, for all adulterous and counterfeited Metals it doth betray, and setteth them severally asunder. It also discerneth Brass & Lead from Gold & Silver. Tin being rarely powered upon Brazen Uesselles, maketh their savour more pleasant, and bridleth & keepeth under the poisonous rust. Aristotle saith, in his fourth book of Meteores, that it is compound of Quicksilver indifferent good, but of very base Brimstone, and therefore this kind of metal is nothing proportionably mixed, but all out of square compound, for the which it looketh so raw, and hath Silver his very colour, but not his goodness. Cardane saith, that Tin describeth and revealeth if any poison be hid, for both it hisseth and cracketh if it be so, and also showeth thin stripes in manner like to a bow. I have seen it myself when as this kind of metal being melted in the pit and but a spoonful of water being cast into, it hath floushed and leapt up to the top of the house: but a whole Potfull of Beer or Ale being cast in, it hath not once moved, but laughed by and by. The cause I may give that, that Cardane doth, applying it to all Metals only Gold excepted: for saith he all other (only Gold excepted) are fertile and fat. And being thus, laugh at their like, and refuse the residue. And thus much of Tin.   

Of Talchum.  
TAlchum the stone is like to Glass, having as it were about it Hills and Edges naturally set in it. This being drunken (saith Cardane) in quantity as big as a Walnut, doth marvelously ease and remedy pains in the bowels.   

OfTaraxippus.  
TAraxippus the stone as the name giveth, doth signify the Horse his trouble and disquietness. It is in colour very fiery, and it so shimmereth especially by night, that the horse casting his eyes that way, espieth his like with a fearful look: whereat he stampeth and stareth. Cardane himself recordeth, what as concerning this purpose, befell in his presence and company, three years before he wrote his book de Subtilitate. I was saith he, in janua, whereas I supped with the worthy and renowned man Francis Duarde the Emperors Lieutenant: when as I had supped it rained great showers, I was ready to put on my Cloak, my Hat and such Uestures, so to defend me from these showers. This Duarde perceiving I should be wet or I got home (as he is very civil and courteous) lent me certain of the best Horse he had, and of his men as many, to accompany me. There was also present with me, and who should also go my way Lodowick Ferrare. Preparance was made: we took our Horse and so departed. As we should go by a certain way hard by a certain furnace, we saw in the very walls thereof a fiery colour, as it were of quick and burning Coals, which thing the Horse having espied, would no further, but drew backward, & wrestled with us to have gone back, so that we could not rule them. We at the length fearing displeasure such as might befall to us, for fear of more danger alighted, & having some there to stay them, went ourselves nigh & approached to the Furnace, whither when we came, we might espy a fiery colour, but nothing burning or on fire, which also considering what this should be, at the last perceived well enough that it was this Taraxippe, that had so feared us and our Horse, and so departing, being thus deceived, we rid another way.   

Of the Topaz.  
THe Topaz as Pliny saith, is a Gem of grassy colour: although that in Germany it is found like to Gold. It was first found in Arabia, in a certain Island there: whereas the people Troglodite such as live by Snakes flesh and other Serpents, being compelled thorough very extreme hunger: and they also being on the water or Sea, driven thither by tempest, and so both weared and hungry, digging up the Roots of certain Herbs, by hap and chance pulled up this. This Island afterwards was sought of Mariners and Merchants, and was ransacked where as they found (having had of them knowledge hereof) their best Merchandise. After that, for those people's sake, by whom they had so won and done so well, they would never change the name hereof, but after their proper and peculiar speech called it a Topaz. For Topazein in Greek is as much, as to find by seeking. Pliny saith, that it hath been found of that bigness and quantity that Philadelphus is said to have framed, and made thereof a statue or Image in length of four Cubits.   

Of the Turches.  
THe Turches or Turcois, is of the common sort called Eranus. It is in colour airelike or like to the Heavens, and looketh clear also as saith Cardane. It is called a Turches for that it is only found in Turkland or amongst the Turks. This hath such virtue and hid manner in working, that it supporteth and sustaineth, being worn in a ring, a man from falling of his horse, and is said of the above said Author to receive the danger of the fall itself, and to break and burst in sunder, rather than the man should fall and miscarry.   

The Conclusion.  
OF Ydachides I need not to write, for that I find nothing of his praise in other Authors but this: that in manner Sphere-like it hath one within an other. Neither need I writ of Zeblicum, which is found in Misaena, whereof I find nothing else, but that it availeth against venom. Neither need I speak of Zinguites, the ashy coloured stone, which being worn about the neck, stencheth blood: lastly of all, I have not much to entreat of Zenieth, which of some is called and reckoned the stone Lazulus, whose only commendation is for that it purgeth Melancholy passions, and stoppeth them. But these which I have before entreated of, I therefore entreated of, and so far forth I spoke of them, as it mought somewhat move men not to be dull or slack in the searching out of these: for that much profit cometh to man by them. If I should have spoken of all kind of stones, as well Gems as other: I suppose it would have required large and infinite volumes. For the kind of stones as Isidore saith, are infinite. But these have I gathered with good will, and briefly. Wherefore gentle Reader favour us, and bear with us now; as thou wilt have us hereafter peradventure to enrich these.   
FINIS.   

The second Book of the Aegemonie or chiefest virtues in all the whole kind of Plants, and of his parts, as of Herbs, Trees, & Shrubs, after the order of the Alphabet.  Psal. 135. 
Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he in Heaven and in Earth▪ etc.   

The Preface to the second Book.  
IN value more, and in degree of Nature higher: In Nobility above Stones and Metals, are Plants, if they had their just reputation & were valued as they should be. But herein is corrupt and depraved judgement (I might call it abuse, but that this word is not so fit and agreeable in all points as that other:) and therefore it is true that the Poet Gualther saith: Whilst that we being fastened and set upon pleasures, do stray from the right rule of Reason, to satisfy our minds & to nourish corrupt judgement, we set most by that that is less worth: we most esteem where less estimation should be, and have a preposterous manner in judging, and an awke wit in many things, their preferment. But this he spoke (as it seemeth) most of all moved with the Uulgar and common sort. For the other kind of men (whom Tully calleth polished and well addighted in all things) which govern and stay themselves by wise & prudent means, he saw (unless they were I can not tell, how by some evil means bewitched) to reckon and esteem of all things as they were: And therefore he may seem with all intent of mind fully bend to check and upbraid the Multitude, and their baseness in judgement, whom the aforesaid Tully trippeth eftsoons, but especially in his Oration had for Cneius Plancie, whereas he reckoneth up a heap of imbecilities and ways of halting in all office and duties, and first after this sort. In the common sort (saith he) is no perfect knowledge or skill, to select or choose forth amongst many things what is head and principal: there is no sound reason, there is no desert of having well, there is no industry or diligence. And in his Oration for Quintus Roscius after this sort. Thus standeth it with the Commons. They esteem many things by figure & fantasy, but few veritably and uprightly. Further, the self same Author in his Offices holdeth him not Heroical or Princelike, which leaneth or hangeth upon them. Wherefore let us go on, and give them their natural, pristmate, and just place and order in degree: forasmuch as in the other abovesaid, in Metals & Stones, all is in their hid & secret virtue, there making abode & stay hereat: unless peradventure thou be moved with the goodly show. Which with the suns reflections and light, moreover the shimmering air & the metal his purifying more or less, meeting all together, one helpeth, coloureth & setteth out another: & thou being in love with so goodly a show, and brought to it by evil accustoming, givest consent and so won dost beckon at it, and wilt say that it is only proper to the metal itself: but from that have I brought thee, & set thee in another belief: whereas I spoke particularly of Gold, Silver, and such like, if thou wilt but only way of what stock or household they be of. But to return to our purpose. In plants there is not only occult and hid virtue: furthermore, fresh & flourishing colours, wherewith I perceive thou wouldst be delighted: but there is in them that nature that cometh somewhat more near (than those other do) to the principal Creature man. For in them is the life vegetative or that life which nourisheth, augmenteth & bringeth forth his like, more apparent also, and in sight more than those other be, which lie shut up in the earth as dead bodies without life, and have their manner of increase or decrease therein, as all other things insensible have, and are said to quicken or die but unproperly: In the Plant it is spoken on that wise properly & after such sort, as mankind first next after his conception is said to quicken and continue withal in reaching by mean of natural order to his last kind, unperfect at the first, by this mean of unperfection, in the which he lieth and stayeth in after, his conception. 70. days, and so long is he plantlike: then the rest of time hath he in part and parcel like, so disposed and ordered of Nature to lay hold on, and to apprehend the other life above this, called sensitive, in the which time so besprent▪ he seemeth of no greater account or force than other bruit beasts be, whose property is (as brute beasts is also the like) to feel grief and pleasure, to move, to have sense, and that newly, then begun by organ or Instrument diversly framed. And then even then it becometh to have an appetite to that which it holdeth good and pleasant, and a recess or loathsomeness to that which maketh against it. All this at that time, (even as bruit beasts have) hath man in that not yet finished, & unperfect shape or form. But the other greater and that which is his own, being once perfect, as to perceive & judge by sense both inward and outward, to stand in fantasy, and to mark and observe all ill deserts (whereat also brute beasts stay at:) but to leave these, and to proceed further, to be mindful of, & to have in remembrance or record things past, to confer and apply them with the present time, or adjudge thereby what is in the time coming: to understand, to utter the thought in way easy to be understood: this divine power (that I may so say) hath man only, & that man principally & above others that is a man in deed, and not by appellation or name, withal those other powers that be in the other two kinds abovesaid: but so proportionably wrought; & in such manner sorted and placed, as the third number is over the first & second, holding and containing them both in his number and account, but of neither of them reckoneth again in making their account. The Plant therefore is of the Philosophers reckoned in the number of those nature's, that hath life: for in them as Aristotle saith, is a portion of life, even as in savage and brute beasts, saving that in these last their manner of life by way of moving from place to place, by greedy desire to feed and repast themselves, it is more manifest: in those other by reason of their abode and continuance all in one place (as settled hard to the earth, by ●oote and moisture) and by their more hid receipt of necessaries such as maintain them being also close and occult, have given great causes of doubting. Anaxagoras being moved (I know not wherewith) affirmed that there was not only a desire in them to tarry and continue in their state, but also that they had and felt both sorrow and pleasure: and his reason he gathered of the distillation of humour in the Plant his leaves, and of the Leaves increase. Plato saith that they be moved and led by appetite for the necessity of their provision in nourishing. But both of these Aristotle in his first book de Plantis, refelleth and reproveth by argument: whereupon we intend not to stand. Yet may it be doubted for as much as with Theophrast and such others, rather yea, than nay is answered. And they bid us look in each their appearance. Doth not the Cucumber hate the Olive, and where the one is, the other through a certain malice prospereth not? Contrariwise, doth not the vine love and embrace the Elm, & prospereth the better, the nigher one is set by another? And as of these question is had, so may there also doubts be made of the other. But let every man judge of these as they list. I had rather be still then have a do herein. Now to their parts and manner of division.  
Plants be sorted and divided into three parts: the first is the Herb: the second the Shrub: the third the Tres: there are which have added hither a fourth kind which they call Suffutrex a mean between the Herb and the shrub: but it may better either of the one or of the other of these two be called as they are called being greater or less, than to wander so far for so small advantage in them by way of amplifying division.  
The Herb is that saith Theophrast in his first book De Plantis and fift Chapter which springeth out of his root well leaved without any body, and beareth seed upon his stalk or stem as all herbs do, which are used to the Pot. The Shrub is that saith he, which out of the root cometh up in manifold stock or body and shouteth out arms in his mean kind of growth, as the Brome and Brier. The tree is that saith he, that from out of the root ariseth in one only stock or body, and groweth up in many kinds to great height: beside this it is full of boughs, it is full of knots: besides this it is full of slips and shoots as the Olive, the Fig tree, the vine. That other which they call Suffutrex and make it the fourth part hath a certain thin and small stock: but such a one as exceedeth not the thin and small stalk of the herb: as the Rose and such like. Thereupon we may easily perceive that all these kinds above said in that, that they live through the life Uegetative and have their place of growth in the earth, and in that, that they all live by heat and humour whereof the first (as that which is not much spoken of) seemeth of some to be forgotten in them: further in their leaf and branches: and other outward dispositions herein they all agree and are alike. But herein they are said to differ (as all things of sundry sorts do) in these four points: Whereof the chief and principal is their strength or virtue. The second their smell, which to the learned teacheth their contemperature: for the odor and smell of each thing doth much bewray the thing. The third difference is fetched from their taste or savour: as the one sweet, the other sour, the one pleasant, the other of sharp taste & unpleasant. Moreover as they have those qualities which be proper and peculiar to the taste or want them. The fourth is (and that which is most infinite) of their figure and form in leaf, of their own figure, of their colour, of their flower, of their fruit, of their stock, which is as it were the prop or stay of the Plant: of the bark, which is the defence (and as I mought so say) their house to lodge in: and to defend themselves from storm and tempest: further in the root, difference is found, and to have one word for all, in all their whole composition and mixture. It is to be marveled how Dame Nature hath upon the face of the earth (as it were in her Garden or Orchard of delight) for variety sake so manifoldly varied & multiplied the kinds of colours either simply died, & stained: or else changeably almost in every plant or thing growing. But the greatest marvel that outwardly appeareth (and that which the most cunning workman or Painter may follow, but not attain to) is in the excellent show and infinite their kind of flowers. Whereof some be Milk white, as the Lily: some purple coloured as the Violet and Saffron flower: Some Scarlet red as the Aramanth: some Oc●ie or yellow as the Mariegold: some grassy green as the Primrose: some be speckled as the Carnation, some coal black but those (as Authors affirm very rare) in so much that the sad blue coloured flower, as is Calcedome, hath been taken of some for black, only for their most like kind of apparai●ing. So that a man may see how Nature worketh in many, as in these and six hundred more like, after simple sort without any intermeddling: In as many and rather more as changeably. Wherein if I travailed and did so largely run at royal or lavished in seeking out their especialties, as Nature most liberally and abundantly hath bestowed her labour and wrought in them: I had need of long time & greater study herein to follow such exact discourse, but that I mean not, neither do I purpose it.  
Plants may moreover (to stay and continue yet a little in their division) so be divided, that some shall be said to be of the Garden: some of the Field: some that like well by the Sea and floods: some by the Sea banks: other some there be that only grow in Fens: some upon rocks and stony walls: some in the sands, and there are which are seen to grow in Wells as liverwort. Again some be fruitful, other some barren: some bearing branches and leaves: some without all these: some of great growth: other of as small: some thick and grossly set, as the Cyprusse: some as rarely and thinly disposed as the Beach: some full of knots as it were jointed or divided as the Reed: some without any such partition, but all over plain: as Hemp. Some which spring up and increase by seed sowing: othersome which arise up of their own accord not known how: some most wholesome: othersome most hurtful. And to twine up this thread of division upon some bottom (for it were to long to undo the whole skein) some seem to have both sexes and kinds: as the Oak, the Laurel and such others: some without any such appearance but only one in kind, as the Palm and the like.  
The Plant therefore (for of that name we shall have great use) may by Etymology of word so derived, be so called, for that it is planted & grafted in the earth, fostered up by his root and by that nourishment that the root taketh and feedeth on ministered and put to it by his Nurse the earth, and of such daily food getteth every day greater increase. Plants have such nourishment through the earth and their root naturally within, and be in every their chief part and all about a like Organic that being engraft whilst they be green and not to far gone through drought in any stock (unless it hath another manner of difference or almost a contrariety in his quality then that others, and thereby not available) are able by secret force of Nature to take and resume again like life and power, and do as well in the last stock as it did being a member or part of the first & natural body. And here upon it is that whereas through any imbecility or let espied and gathered either inwardly or outwardly in the tree, so that it is thereby hindered of his liking and doing well, men in time of year use to cut them off, such as are thought to prosper better in another place, and graff them into a new stock: and being so cut off, are of a greater continuance (but by resemblance to show thee how alike) than those small and seely Worms be, who have imperfection in their Nature as Wasps, Bees, Emites and such like, which by Latin word are called Insecta that is, in part and member distinct and severed, having for all this life proportionably and equally besprent throughout the whole body. In so much that these for a time after that they be cut or plucked into pieces in every their part so severed, show both life, sense and moving: but in this point coming behind them, for that being once so discerped can never after neither in applying their own parts together, neither yet in fastening or binding them to any body of any their like revive and quicken again. But now let us leave this our straying abroad (which manner who so useth in common conversation & familiar talk is counted and reputed light and a talker: in style and in endighting any thing a wanderer from the purpose) and come to our task: that to which we before settled ourselves to: herein requiring the Reader not to accuse us lightly, and on a sudden to check and reprehend us as those which have entered into the business which requireth long and exact discourse, and have made a preface after that sort as though we would go about to extricate and weed out what might be said at adventure of all things, not only intending an Aegemonie which we only promised and is but the chiefest part, but an vniuersal●ie which is the whole. Unto whom I would that our sentence or meaning were well known: that thereby they might understand (perceiving also what a preface is) that I had not greatly squared, if I had pursued many more divisions, for what is there so far of (so that it belongeth to the thing whereof we intent to speak) that may not be added the thing itself being once had in hand. But now as hastily as we can and as briefly as we can, we mind to bring in other Authors thereby keeping ourselves free from blame in this Aegemonie or Sufferaigntie of things growing upon the earth: not absolutely or thoroughly (which thing I would to God it were in our skill and wit (neither do I mean to give the cause why: which was enough for Theophrast (as we read written) who hath laboured all his life time, and that sore laboured, and hath not yet given and found an absolute & perfect end of such his knowledge, who although for his time he hath done well & brought great light and undid or made naked many things in that his kind of study and travail, yet hath he gone and passed by many things without either eyesight set upon them or mean of acquaintance had: partly for that the mother of all such green things as grew upon the earth multiplieth every each day with increase, and diversity of many kinds and playeth the prodigal his part: and partly that although man mought by art and inquiraunce after these attain or come unto knowledge herein, yet the race of this life was so sudden and short so often perilled and every each moment at death his nod and beck, which things all summined and accounted, & every day the more he watched in these the more offer the had of them to be of his acquaintance, even when as he was old and lay upon his deaths bed, now ready to make a farewell of the body and soul, began to accuse Nature of Injury doing and offence, and fault in percialtie for that she had so dealt with the Heart and Hind, the Crow & night Raven, in prolonging and giving them so long life (which good gift on neither their parts was little or nothing considered) but to Mankind she had dealt so straightly, and no point according to equity or right reason, in that that she had given him such short term of years, and not so short as uncertain, and sudden: wherein if she had dealt more equally and had been man's friend (as she mought have been) it had come to pass that our manner of life had been more profitable: science, or the Arts liberal, (whereas now they be raw) should have been much more absolute: perseverance of every thing his cause (now small) should then have been more amplified. But now let us hear in each Plant his principality, the minds of other men, what is found in them worthy marking: And the first in our Alphabet shall be the Almond tree.  
Farewell.   

The second Book of the Aegemonie treating of Plants as of Herbs, Trees, and Shrubs, particularly and Alphabetically.  

Of the Almond tree.  
THe Almond tree in Greek is called Amygdalè, in Latin Nux longa, a long and strait forth kind of Nut. Of this Aristotle hath these words. The Almond tree saith he, requireth much attendance and diligence to be kept from endamaging and hurt, whilst it is tender and young. It prospereth not unless it be set in good ground, in the which it yieldeth much fruit. It dieth and fadeth away, whereas overmuch ●old aboundeth. Wherefore his best liking is in those Countries whereas heat reigneth. It yieldeth two several kinds of fruit, the one used to meat, the other only to medicine. Diascorides saith, that if the Fox happeneth to eat and digest of this kind of fruit, he by and by dieth, except he licketh in water in the present place, and that immediately. It may peradventure so be, for that which is wholesome and good for one kind, oftentimes is hurtful for another. The same Author saith also, that that Almond tree which is most sweet of taste, if it be once bitten or gnawn of cattle, it by and by looseth his goodness, and becometh most bitter and sour.   

Of the Alder tree.  
THe Alder tree (which by corrupt and accustomed kind of speaking they commonly call the Elder) is of very barren and unfruitful nature, as Theophrast witnesseth: this is his only best and the chiefest thing he hath, in that he groweth strait up in body, and is in his Wood and inward Marie very soft. His growth saith he, is in moist and watery places, and else no where.   

Of Aloes.  
ALoes, is a precious Wood which groweth in Indie, a Wood of most sweet smell, very medicinable. Cardane saith, it hath a great leaf and gross, very fat, whereout distilleth that kind of Gum that is most odoriferous. It is taken also with Physicians for an Herb which is most sharp & bitter, which groweth in Indie and Persia.   

Of Aegraton or good old Herb.  
AGeraton hath one and the self same name both with the Greeks and Latins, and is a small shrub, very full of young shouts and slips. It is like Origan or Marigolde, & hath his flower alike coloured as saith Diascorides It may be thought that it hath that name, for that it preserveth a great time without loss of his virtue, or not being otherwise hindered by sickness and age.   

Of Agarick.  
AGarick, as saith Diascorides, hath both Male and Female: and is in efficacy or effect such, that it may be applied to all sicknesses, such as the sick person must patiently abide, whether that it be used with water or wine, in which sort it is most commonly ministered.   

Of agrimony.  
agrimony, of Mesues, is named Maudlin, the Latin word is Eupatorium. It is a short shrub, & of no great or just height. It hath his leaf parted as it were five portioned. The decoction hereof, saith Diascorides, or his powder dried is an excellent remedy against the oppilation of the Liver & Spleen, by reason of phlegm, and is taken either the Herb itself alone, or else sodden among with Wine.   

Of Annet or Dill.  
ANnet or Dill is an Herb whose seed as Diascorides saith, may be kept by the space of three whole years next after it is gathered, without loss in any point of his operation.   

Of Anise.  
ANise hath the like virtue that Dill hath, but in savour and taste, it is more pleasant and sweet. It commendeth unto us the good breath and sweet, and bewrayeth the contrary.   

Of the Apple tree.  
THe Apple tree is of good sound body, of wrinkled bark, and in outward Coat very full of knots. In flowers at the spring time very beautiful, in sweetness of fruit in the Autumn almost not comparable, in fruit and increase very wonderful, and under this one name it hath infinite kinds. Pliny saith, that unless it be often cropped, and rid of superfluous and troublesome boughs, it will soon war barren, and leave off fruit bearing. The same Author saith also, that the fruits hereof must be gathered in fair weather, unless that they being laid up with outward plenty of accidental and airy humour, do by and by rot: he monisheth also that they be gathered before they be full ripe, for their better goodness than being preserved.   

Of Artichoke.  
ARtichoke the wild, most commonly called the Thistle, is an Herb wrought and fashioned on every side in manner of a sting, or Spearelike, and hath in the top of his stalk or stem, a certain head wherein his seed lieth. It flourisheth and liketh best, in those places that be least frequented or nothing looked to.   

Of the Balm tree.  
THe Balm tree is rather a kind of shrub, than a Tree, and may well be counted of that house for his low and humile kind of growth: for it heightneth never above two cubits. The Timber hereof is called in Greek Xulobalsamon, his fruit or seed Karpobalsamon, the juice is called Vpobalsamon, because the bark of this Tree must first be stricken and hewn with Iron wedges, before it yieldeth any fruit, whereby it being so wounded, by and by droppeth and distilleth a certain humour, in a manner tearlike, which humour thus issued through the coldness or other affection of the Air about it, drieth to a kind of Gum. Pliny preferreth this his smell before all smells. But herein good heed must be taken, lest we match and march with the greek Sophister. And the same Pliny saith (as also Theophrast doth) that it only groweth in a certain Dale and Ualie of Syria, which Ualie hath his whole compass in a manner in two only groves, and hath been the possession of long time of two sundry and several Princes. Whereof the greater was supposed to be in contents twenty Akers: and the other less.   

Of Barley.  
BArley, in his excessive Drought differreth from all other our kinds of grain, and is called in Latin Hordium, as if you would say Aridum, hard and dry. It is never sown but upon such kind of earth, as is dry. Pliny saith, that amongst all other kinds of corn this is last sown, & with the first reaped: that which also experience with us here at home teacheth.   

Of the Beach tree.  
THe Beach, saith Theophrast, groweth only in rough places, and most commonly upon hills. It hath many and sundry kinds, of some accounted four, of othersome five. In name all one, but in fruit bearing every one disagreeing. One of his kinds beareth a sweet Mast or acorn (as the Oak or Chestnut doth) and of some is taken for the Oak. It is called of the Greeks Phage, because in the former time men lived herewith, & had it in stead of bread. This kind as Pliny saith, is after a sort hairy Locked, almost growing out of fashion. It is nothing solid or massy, but much porous: and therefore of the less endurance, as saith the same Author. Of this kind of Wood being brent to Ashes is made Glass, Art, herein playing the workesman.   

Of Beete.  
beet, is a Guard Herb, and in good plenty with us. Thereof are said to be two kinds the one white, and the other black: both medicinable. Aristotle saith that upon his root (as upon any stock) any young set or slip may be set and graft, and through the root his good liking in growth, may be brought from his own nature into natural parentage with the Tree.   

Of Bearefoote.  
BEarefoote, is an Herb hot and moist, in the first degree, as the Physicians say: and is used of them as a remedy to the Spleen, and to give the vital and living spirits more easy and lose passage.   

Of the Bean.  
THe Bean saith Theophrast hast his manner of growth thus. His root is thick and gross: somewhat more deeply set than the Reed his is. In the length it is indifferent, sometime four Cubits high▪ It giveth fruit by manner of Cellar: one only in one part of his Husk. It is in his chiefest bravery, and liketh best being sown in moist grounds, and especially in the Fens and such like. It is also said sometime through the rancour of grounds to come up unsowne. The pythagorians condemned it, as the which was not meet to meat. For said they, it dulleth and maketh gross each sense and spirit. It also causeth and exciteth up in sleep horrible dreams. Varro thought it was forbid for that as he said, the souls of the dead were therein placed.   

Of betony.  
betony is a water Herb which for his singular cold working and growth also, in cold Countries and places is called in Greek Psikotrophae. It remedieth saith Diascorides the consumed Gall.   

Of Birds tongue.  
Birds tongue, is an Herb whose chiefest working is to provoke venery, and causeth most rank seed. It figureth the tongue of a Bird, whereof it hath his name.   

Of Borage.  
BOrage, the best that it hath, as Isid. saith, is as I find to engender good blood, either sodden among other things, or else taken raw by itself.   

Of bindweed  
bindweed, of some Withweede, is an herb very noisome or hurtful to the other fruits of the Gardaine. It hindereth their growth, and troubleth them with the inwrapping and circumplication about the other their stem or stalk.   

Of the Blackberie tree.  
THe Blackberie tree, is after his sort bushy▪ bearing that fruit that eftsoons refresheth the shepheirde, he being in the field, and often contenteth his lust. This his Leaf or covering is said of Diascorides to destroy and kill Serpents.   

Of the Bremble.  
THe Bremble, of some is called Bucephalus, of other some the water Bremble. It is of two sorts: one the field Bremble, which most commonly groweth in waters: and the other Gardaine Bremble, or sweet Bremble, which hath a very good smell. They of Thrace and those which dwell about the flood Strimon, feed their horse with the green growing Herb or Leaf of the Bremble, and are said to be marvelous fat therewith.   

Of britannic or English Herb.  
britannic or English Herb, hath the very look of the greatest Sorrel, but in colour a little more black, somewhat Mossy or Mealy. The best saith Diascorides, that is found in this Herb, is his juice, very wholesome and profitable to many things.   

Of Brome.  
BRome is a Shrub, which of some is called Mirica for the bitterness of his taste. It groweth in stony and barren ground, and in such places whereas no culture or care of ground tilling is had. And his only presence is a thorough sign or evident token of barren and dry ground. It hath his boughs flourishing as well in the Winter tied as in the Summer. His flower yellow, and Cod black, both of noisome smell, and of bitter taste. Yet in working, saith Diascorides, it is very wonderful. For his Leaf or flower being sodden and boiled among with running water, bridleth and keepeth away swelling of the Spleen. It helpeth the toothache, and stencheth the flowing of the bloody Flix.   

Of the Bulrush.  
THe Bulrush hath one kind, which of some is called Sons brow: The Romans call it Sea Bulrish or Manuad: And it hath two kinds: one which hath a square top or crown very blunt withal: and the other is rather Spearelike and sharp topped. This last saith Diascor. intermeddled with drink, bringeth on fast and sound sleep.   

Of the Burr.  
THe Burr of the Greeks is called Philanthros, man's friend, for that it coveteth to catch hold and to cleave upon man his Garment holding fast by such kind of roughness as it hath.   

Of Cammock.  
CAmmock saith Theophrast is an Herb thoroughly beset with Prickle, and is one of those that continue but for one year, or for the Spring time, Summer and Autumn: and so fade away. His leaf is like Rue. It groweth in such ground as is tilled, & especially where as Corn or such like grain is most rank. It is plucked up by his root, then when as the earth through the Sun beams is fervently hot, or else not. In some place for hindering & staying the Husbandman it is called Rest harrow: in Cambredge shire Whine.   

Of Camomile.  
Camomile, is an Herb used of Physicians to purge the head, and to empty it of superfluous humour and other gross matter. Avicen saith, that there is three kinds hereof. One which hath a Saffron flower: another whose flower is as it were Purple coloured: the third is white. This hath that laudable pre-eminence for that the more it is trod and kept under, the more a great deal and the better it cometh up and prospereth.   

Of Capers.  
Caper's or the fruit which is called Capparis, is so derived from the Greek name, for that it hath a round head in the top of his stem. His best liking is in dry & stony grounds, and is called of the Physicians the purging Herb, of some it is called dogs Bremble, of other some dogs Apple, of other Hare's heart. The Mages call it Pentheron.   

Of Casia.  
CAsia, is one of those sorts which have their pre-eminence and are had in price for their odoriferous and pleasant smell. Which (saith Pliny) hath three kinds, in no point one coloured like to another. For the first is white, the second red, the third almost black. The first is of least value, for that it soon rotteth, and is consumed and eaten of Worms. The best is tried thus: by savour or smell, taste and colour. It groweth in Arabia. His stalk or body saith Theophrast, is somewhat gross or superfluous, representing therein strikes, small and long, not much unlike to Sinews. It hath a bark and rind but most difficult to be pared away. It is cut in the bigness and length of two fingers, or a little more: and that only about the uppermost and most tender twigs, and is after sowed up being so cut whilst it is fresh and green with some strong binding, the binding most commonly being of an Ox his hide. The true Casia we have not, neither the true Cinnamon.   

Of the Cedar tree.  
THe Cedar tree is in Leaf like to the Cyprouse: his Wood is counted precious, and is long endurable for that it neither harboureth Moth nor Worm. Whereof (for this such his goodness) the Pillars and Beams of Prince's Houses and Palaces, likewise of Temples are made hereof. It groweth in Africa, Crete, & Syria, and especially upon the Mount Libanus. Rabanus saith, that it is the very Lady and Queen of Trees. Theophrast saith, that it is of marvelous high growth, very light, strait up, about the body without wem or knot. And above all places saith he, that beareth the freshest, and is of gréenest lea● that is in Cor●ica. From thence is brought that sweet Powder which is called Cedria, which they use to bestrewe upon Garments, upon books & such like to preserve them from worm eating.   

Of Cerfolie.  
CErfolie, is an Herb in operation and working in a manner fiery. His best is, saith Diascorides in that that it being wrought & tempered with virgins Wax, remedieth all kind of swelling.   

Of Cetewale.  
CEtewale, is an Herb whose root the Physicians use to gather in Summer, and being then dried endureth in good case three whole years next after.   

Of century.  
century, is called the bitter Herb, for that it is most bitter in taste: some call it the gall of the earth: his working was first known by Chiron the Centaur, who used it first in Medicine.   

Of Celedonie.  
CEledonie, is an Herb which beareth a Saffron coloured flower, whose flower also gathered and held in the hand dieth, and staineth the gatherers' hand. Pliny saith, it is then in his best lust, when as the Swallow abideth and buildeth amongst us, and serveth the Swallow (as the same Pliny and Aristotle also do witness) to great use and purpose. For say they, if at any time by any mischance or fortune, her young be hurt or perilled in their eyesight, the dam goeth to this Herb, & presseth forth his juice, which being so done, she anointeth it about their eyes, and so restoreth them to the better and their former state and case again.   

Of the Cherie tree.  
THe Cherie tree saith Theophrast, heightneth and matcheth with any in that point what so ever. It sometime reacheth saith he, to 24. Cubits, his leaf is like to the Medlar, saving that in handling of it, it is somewhat more rough. His flower is white, which having gotten full ripeness becometh blood red.   

Of the Cinnamon.  
THe Cinnamon shouteth forth out of a young set or spring in bigness about two Cubits. It groweth in Indie and Arabia, as Theophrast mentioneth, and is called Cinnamon, for that it hath his top as it were folded or plaited. It is of ashy and dusky colour: his Leaf is like to wild marjoram. It never smelleth till it be thoroughly dry. It groweth amongst briars and very hard Rocks, and is gathered with much pain and difficulty. In Fables we find that this fruit is found in the Phoenix Nest. Theophrast saith, that is of the best goodness which is next to the twigs and top, and that is less good, which is next to the root.   

Of the Ciprous tree.  
THe Ciprous tree is so named of the Greeks as Isidore saith, for that in his growth and especially beneath about his root, it figureth the Pine Apple tree, or that figure which the Geomitricians call Conus. It is singular in sweet smell. And for this purpose they were wont in old time to bury their dead with the Wood hereof, hereby thinking to keep under, and to suppress all ill smells and savours of dead Carcases.   

Of Cokkell.  
COkkell is an unprofitable Herb or rather (to give him his right name) a hurtful weed which will always be meddling with the pure Wheat, and doth often choke it up, and hindereth his growth: So that the old Proverb is herein verified: the ill weed overcroppeth the good corn.   

Of Colts foot.  
colts foot of some is called Bethicon, of the Egyptians Suartha. His leaf is like to the Ivy leaf. It ariseth from the root direct and strait up.   

Of Coriander.  
COriander hath his name common with us and the Greeks. For it seemeth to be so called Apo tou koriou, of plenty of seed. Which seed being taken in sweet wine, provoketh a man to much venery. But this being after this sort drunk without moderation or reason in so taking it, causeth Frenzy and madness.   

Of the Chestnut tree.  
THe Chestnut tree is a very tough wood, and so massy or sound, that it may be the principal Beam in all buildings. It is so fertile and rank in young shoot and slip, besides this in budding and giving of flower, that being once cut or hacked in pieces, will be the better for that, and bud so much the more. It is called Castanea in Latin quasi Castraria à Castrando because it is so often lopped or gelt, or because it is first opened before it is roasted in the fire. Some say that those kind of Coals wherewith the Smith mollifieth and worketh his Iron are made with this.   

Of Chastlambe.  
CHastlambe or Agnus castus hath the flower and seed that being digested of us, openeth forthwith the poors of the body: consumeth and drieth up that natural moisture within. Diascorides sayeth that with so working, it maketh men chaste.   

Of Crowtoe.  
CRowtoe of some is called Vacinium, in Greek jacynthos. It hath a leaf like to Porret, a handful in height, in breadth it is less or more small than a Maiden's finger. His colour is green as the precious stone is of the name: his top is full of Purple flowers. His root circlelike or round. It being drunken saith Diasco. with Wine purgeth the Gall of his superfluousness. Of this Herb two sundry fables have sprung up with the Poets. One that it was first a Boy entirely beloved of Apollo, whom he at a time by a certain mischance slew, which thing done in his fury (less that with his death his memory should also die) he turned him into this kind of Herb or Plant. Another is, that it sprang up of Ajax blood the most valiant Captain that ever the Greeks had. And for the remembrance of so worthy a Knight or rather Princely and Heroical person, the Gods are said to have given to this Herb two veins, figuring and evidently showing these two Letters A. and I. with us it is commonly named as we said before, Crowtoe.   

Of Crowfoote.  
CRowfoote of some is called Astrion. The Romans in their phrase of speech call it bloody leaf. It spreadeth saith Diascorides, all abroad upon the earth, rather than by any means it should heighten. His leaf is cut about or bepinked. It beareth yellow flowers, called Goldknops, and wheresoever it groweth (whosoever list to dig under and about it) shall never find his root without great store of humour and water, like as in Camomile.   

Of Cresses.  
Cress' with the Egyptians are called Moth. The Romans call them Nasturcia This kind being drunken sayeth Dias. much availeth and is a certain remedy against serpents. The Persians used it as the best Salad that they had in all their feasting and banqueting. It availeth much to memory, whereof ariseth this Proverb: Eat well of the Cresses.   

Of the Cucumber.  
THe Cucumber after Pliny groweth both in the Gardaine and in the field. It is of those sort sayeth Isidore as also Theophrast, that change their leaf and stalk often.   

Of Cinkfolie.  
CInkfolie or five leaved grass of some is called Pentadactylon, or Asphalton. The Mages call it Ibis' claw or nail: some call it Mercury's fingar. His leaf is like to Mint, and hewn or hacked toothlike, in manner of Saw. His flower is yellow and somewhat pale withal. It groweth in moist and watery places. It is ministered often of the Physicians with Lustres and Purgations.   

Of Daffodil.  
Daffodil, some call Anthericon, the Romans Kings spare. It is in his stalk very thin and light, and beareth his flower in his top: it is of plentiful root. It being ministered medicine like, remedieth the Serpent's sting.   

Of Dictamus.  
DIctamus is an Herb which groweth in Crete and is very wonderful in losening & unbinding the straits of the body. Tully gathereth this to be true by the manner of the Dear or Heart, who being stricken in the ri● with any Dart or Arrow, so that it sticketh hard fast: they straight ways hunt after and hasten to the water banks of the F●n where this Herb groweth, and finding this, eateth it as a present remedy to have thereby help in such a distress: which Herb being once eaten, they shake out the Dart or Arrow out of their ribs as they list.   

Of Dill.  
DIll some call Anis. The Egyptians Arachis. The Mages after their tongue, Dog's head or Hounds lock. The Arabians Mercury's brood. The Romans as before Anis. Diascorides saith, that it hindereth and hurteth the good eyesight being often taken, and is a hindrance to issue.   

Of Dragaunce.  
DRagaunce is an Herb so called for that it is bespotted and is specked in his colour much like to a Snake: representing the very viper or Dragon, which Herb the viper itself standeth in dread of. Of some it is called Colubyne, for it hath his flower Purple coloured: it is also cloven and sharp as the Serpent's tongue is. It is black in the midst of his flower. This saith Diascorides, having his root dried and beaten all to powder & confect also with water of Roses beautifieth and cleareth the foul face, as being with other things handled helpeth otherwise.   

Of Dragon.  
DRagon the greater and the less. The greater of some is called Aron, Isaron, jaron. etc. The Romans call it Serpentarie. This groweth only in shadowy places, and such as be hedged, so kept away from the suns heat, which thing it cannot abide. The lesser hath white spots, and those little, his stalk strait up: and his length about two Cubits.   

Of Dwale.  
DWale is called in Greek Struchnon Ypnoticon in English steeple Dwale. It is a kind of shrub saith Diase. which groweth nigh to the Sea, very abundant and plentiful in young shoots. It is marvelously effectuous to bring a man on sound and fast sleep. There is another kind of the self same name which is called mad Dwale. Which being drunken showeth wonders by a certain false show of imagination.   

Of the Elm.  
THe Elm is a tree whose wood or timber is yellow, very sinewy & strong. It is called of some all heart. It is used and occupied principally about magnifical or beautiful gates. It is then best of all riven, cloven and cut in sunder when it is moist and green, and with more difficulty being once dry. Theophrast saith, that it is in his kind very barren. It only beareth a certain Grape, but nothing else. It is one of those kinds that putrefy and breed worms.   

Of Esele.  
ESele of some is taken for Eiebright: this hath his leaf very thin and plain. It is not of so fresh a gr●ene colour, or of like look, as many other Plants be: but this it hath above them, for it being pressed, doth give a very dainty and most medicinable juice or humour, not much unlike to milk. Diascor. saith, it purgeth phlegm and other such superfluities of like nature.   

Of the Elder tree.  
THe Elder▪ saith Isid. is very soft in handling, and of very small height or growth. Hereof are made certain kinds of instruments and especially a kind of Symphony which the common sort call a Pipe: the learned and more civil kind of men name it a Dulcimer. As the abovesaid Author, witnesseth, in that his tractate of Musical instruments. It hath boughs thick and gro●se, very plain and well compact with all in his outward appearance. But within they are very hollow, and have nothing else but a soft Marie, which is commonly called their pith. Pliny saith, that if the middle Bark or Rind be pared or cut somewhat more toward the upper part of his stock or body, than towards the neither part, or contrariwise, so it will afterwards augment either upward or downward, with spreading forth of his arms or branches after that sort.   

Of Fenkell.  
FEnkell is an Herb of the Gardaine and field common to them both, but not so common, as effectuous. The Latin word signifieth, that it should be sharper of the eyesight, & Diascorides also saith, that the juice of this Herbs root quickeneth the eyes. It is called of the Greeks Marathron. Pliny (as also Isidore in his xvij book saith) that the very Serpents (if nothing else did) were sufficient to Noble & to cause this kind to be well reckoned of, for that through the only taste or eating hereof, they shake off many sicknesses, and thereby keep away, or of from them weak & old age.   

Of the Fig tree.  
THe Fig tree, is of no high growth, neither nice in body, but grossly set and thick, all his Wood not so plain, as wreathed & wrinkled: the colour of his Leaf and rind somewhat more wan or pale: his flower Medlerlike. It is called Ficus in Latin à fecunditate as some say, for such fertility as it hath and increase: for so soon as his fruits, those that be all of one time in growth begin once to ripen and are pulled or plucked therefrom, it strait ways with no less abundance shooteth forth other. It hath that humour (as it is said) that is like woman's milk. It hath also that unctuous and Oily nature in taste and smell, so unpleasant to the Bull, that there is no better bit or Bridle to stay and quiet him, then to bring him to the Fig tree, whereas he may have but only sent and smell hereof, and being never so fierce, is forthwith tamed. It hath diverse appellations and names of divers Regions & Countries. There is one kind saith Theophrast in Indie, which even from his boughs or branches giveth yearly root. There is another Fig tree called Aegiptiaca, which in Wood and fruit bearing, is like the other: but in effect and manner of working is contrary both to this kind and to all other: for it being thrown into the water, it strait way descendeth and seeketh to the bottom (and that which is most to be marveled at) after that it hath been so a long time drowned, and hath every part or poor full of water (at which it should seem to be more ponderous) it then ariseth up again to the waters top, and so keepeth surly and above the waters highest superficie, and swimmeth as Saint Augustine saith▪ as all other kinds of Timber do, above.   

Of the Fir tree.  
THe Fir tree saith Theophrast, hath this one manner and custom peculiarly to himself, that being cut, either hindered or hurt, by any storm or tempest in the left side of his stalk (which kind of stalk it hath both light and smooth) it by and by taketh heart a grass, and groweth round about and garland like, a little beneath his top: which some call leaping about: other some the dancing of the round. It is in colour somewhat black, to feel to hard above measure. Whereof the standing Cups of Arcady were wont to be made. And this further it hath peculiarly, that cutting the boughs without shill, or hurting the top, it forthwith dieth.   

Of Firse.  
FIrse or Gorse, is a most sharp and thorny kind of Herb, growing in Woods, Forests, Deserts and in such grounds as be most weedy. It is said to prick and wound the feet of him that passeth by, and catching hold of some part of a man, soon pierceth to the quick. The common sort call this dangerous herb.   

Of the Frankincense tree.  
THe Frankincense tree is very plentiful in boughs giving. In leaf it is like to our Pear. Saving that it is much more small. It is in colour as green as Rue, in rind & bark as soft as Laurel. The tree itself hath ere now been called Libanos, & in Greek Dendrilibanos his Gum or tear. Libanotos' of Galen. euripides again contrariwise used Libanon for the tear: and Libanotos for the tree. It is so fabled with the Greeks that it had his name of a young man, and the same an Assyrian, whose name was Libanos, who afterward was turned into this kind of tree, whom certain envious persons slew perceiving him so serious in worshipping the Gods. (For the which their malice being not long after acquitted and revenged) it was afterwards and hitherto is holden in opinion that there was no better nor more acceptable sacrifice to the Gods than Frankincense offered up. There is a certain Manna of this Frankincense, which Pliny will have to be the purest of this his humours drops wrung forth by great pressing. There is also a certain smoke in this, sweet and pleasant, after that it be burned, as there is also of Myrrh.   

Of fumitory.  
FVmitorie of the Epyptians is called Lynx of the Greeks Kapnos, with the Latins Fumus terre, the earth his fume or smell. It is a bushy or shrublike Herb like to Coreander his flower, white or more like Ashy colour. Diascorides saith, it letteth the hairs of the eye lids, being plucked away to grow again, anointed and laid with Gum. It is in his best working, then, when as it is green.   

Of Garlic.  
Garlic, hath his name of his strong and unpleasant smell: because it smelleth saith Isidore so strongly, and with that so loathsomely, that it taketh away, & bereaveth for a time the good and sweet smell of all other things. The best that it hath, is that it is good of increase. For every and each coat of his (those I call coats which are as it were on both their sides behemmed and parted, and are as it were in several corners of the house, but yet in house and so by that means all one) set in the Gardaine or otherwhere, will soon come up and much prosper. Which thing the Onion as Aristotle saith, haltet● in: for that is set only by whole heads, & so cometh up or else not.   

Of Ginger.  
GInger▪ in Greek is called Zingi●eris, it groweth in Arabic, his growth is by many and infinite small 〈◊〉: in smell and ●auour not much unlike to Pepper. Choose faith Di●scorides of the 〈◊〉 hereof 〈◊〉. Take them for the best and principal, which have not been ●aton, neither gnawn with worms: for they have their worms also as all other roots have.   

Of Gladiolus or Sword herb.  
GLadiolus, his form and proportion of leaf is like to Sedge, his flower yellow in a manner like to the flower Deluce: some call it Arion, some Sword point or edge tool: other some cuttle haft. The Romans as before. It groweth for the most part in the field. It hath a double root one placed & settled within an another. This his root saith Diascorides, being taken in wine provoketh and stirreth up to Venery.   

Of Grass.  
Grass of some is called Asyphylion. They of Africa call it Eball, the Egyptians Anuphi, the Romans Cattailes meat. His growth (as what it is also) is very well known of all men. Herein lurketh the Serpent, and hideth himself safely. With this all beasts and cattle of the field do live. It helpeth and remedieth, saith Diascorides all hindrances and stops to urine. There is a kind of grass in Babylon, which is like Cane or Reed, which being tasted or eaten of, killeth the Cat-tail, and it groweth by the high way sides on every side as they journey. In the Hill Parnasus, there groweth another kind of grass more thick and rank than the other, & of better size: for it beareth a leaf like ivy. In Cilicia there is a kind of Grass which is called Heracha, and of the Egyptians Apap, which groweth in hedges about walls and vines: whose leaf is like Mercury's Herb, and as full of Briestles.   

Of Grunswell.  
GRunswell in Greek Ereigeton, it groweth upon walls and Tileshads, and is hoarelike to an old man's beard. It hath a dusky flower. Diascorides saith, that his stalk being boiled in water, and afterwards drunk with wine, doth ease the sore grief of the stomach.   

Of the Gilofer.  
THe Gilofer is called Gariophilus, his flower of all other flowers is most sweet in smell. There be many kinds of Gilofers, although but one name for them all. There is also a tree of the name called Geun of othersome Benet, which hath fruit in taste like the Peppercorn   

Of Hare's foot.  
Hare's foot, of some Hares common. It groweth in Gardaine Alyes. And is as Diascorides saith, a singular Medicine to keep and defend the inward bowels from swelling.   

Of Henbane.  
HEnbane, hath the name to be a cause of madness or fury: Isidore saith, that it killeth and bindeth the spirits: The Herb itself hath a top or small head. In old time, upon the Crown or mitre of the high Priest stood a flower right up on the top, not much unlike this Herb, about a finger in height, supereminent, & underneath this, in the lower part of the garland or Mitre, round about his Temple or Forehead, there was a golden circle in three sorts ordered, and set upon, the which stood with yellow flowers from one side to another. We must gather that something was figured hereby, and that the high Priest or Bishops were not on this wise ordered for nought   

Of Horse tail.  
HOrsetaile but more commonly with us called Cat●es tail, of the Greeks Hippyris of the Mages Saturn's food. It groweth in watery places and those softly dighted and banked about. It creepeth up by stalk aloft, and reacheth over his neighbour's head, coveting and pressing as much as it may to be the higher. In his top it figureth a tail to look to. And thereof had it his name. His root is tough and very hard. Diasc. sayeth, that it is a sore hinder, and that it stencheth eruption of blood.   

Of Houselike.  
HOuselike in Greek is called Acizoon, as you would say, always alive. It is always green and well liking, and for his endurance is resembled to Ambrosia: for his colour to the Marigold, for his roundset or figure to the Bullocks ●ie: Insomuch that the Romans call it jupiters' eye. It hath a fruitful leaf in the bigness of a man's thumb: in the end thereof it is sharp or like a tongue. It is given to drink saith Diascorides against the biting of the greatest kind of Spider, and that kind principally which hath the most io●ntes, as some be thrice jointed. There is another of this name, but it is less, and is called Acizoon to Mikron, or with the Romans Vitalis herba, or Semperuiva. Semgréene. It groweth upon Walls and tiled housen and is many ways medicinable. Dia●corides.   

Of hemlock.  
HVmlock in Greek is called Koneion. With the Egyptians Apemphi, in Latin Cicu●a. It hath his stalk and stem like fennel. His flower is white. His seed like Anise seed, but more white. It is one of those kinds of plants which destroy and kill as soon almost as it is taken. Wherewith as we read Socrates the good Philosopher died forthwith, after that he had been once caused and compelled of malicious judges to take the Cup wherein the juice hereof was poured, and so to drink it off. Diascorides saith it killeth through extreme cold, vanquishing and extinguishing all natural heat.   

Of the Herb hyacinth.  
IAcinct is an Herb having a purple flower It took his name of a certain noble child, which among the Syrtes in a Pasture there was found dead. So the child his funeral gave name to this Herb. His colour is properly aery, bespotted among with Purple and red. It hath a certain flax like snow. Of these iij. colours were the priests robes of, as we read in the old law.   

Of Isope.  
ISope is an Herb of mean growth, but of much virtue, and principally in purging the Lungs. Wherefore in the old law sayeth Isidor, by a bunch of Isope, they would be besprinkled with the blood of Lambs, which would be counted and reckoned clean.   

Of the juniper tree.  
THe juniper tree is so called of similitude and likeness to the fire. Pyr in Greek signifieth the fire: or as some think it is so called for that in his manner of growing it is like that figure which the Geometricians call Pyramid, we may say sharply topped. Or as other some say, it is so named for his good and long manner of retaining and keeping fire, insomuch that if Coals of fire be raked up, and enwrapped with the Ashes hereof, they continue as they say, unextinguished by the space of a whole year. It groweth saith Diascorides, in stony and desert places. Plini● saith, that the only shadow of this slayeth and killeth Serpents: and therefore his fruit is reckoned to be a remedy against poison.   

Of jupiters' beard.  
Ivpiters' Beard, called of the Greeks Chrysokome, as you would say Goldilocks. It is hairy like Isope. Diascorides saith, it is taken in Wine eftsoons to purge.   

Of ivy.  
Ivy saith Isidore, is so called, for that it creepeth all about, and cleaveth fast to the tree, some say (as it may be also) that it was so called, for that at the first it was given to the Kid and Dear as nourishment & meat. For Haedera is the Latin word, and we may fetch it as it were word out of word, Haedera quasi Haedis data. It is plentiful in giving Milk, wherewith the Kids were more full of Milk. It is a token and sign with the Philosophers of cold and moist earth.   

Of the Kastainy.  
THe Kastainy is a tree of good high growth, so called as Isidore witnesseth, for that it must be often lopped or gelt. For this so soon as it is cut down, by and by (as it were a fair green grove) spreadeth abroad and beareth infinite blossoms, and buddeth wonderfully. His fruit hangeth between leaf and leaf, and that double or by couples, in manner of a man his privities.   

Of the Laurel tree.  
THe Laurel tree hath been from the beginning, the very signory and badge of all such as have gotten amongst men the name of honour, dignity and praise. Insomuch that in old time (as also in many places now or not long since) the Garlands & Crowns of Emperors, hardy Captains, valiant Soldiers and such like, were made hereof. With them of the old time it was called Laudea, afterwards the letter d through an other custom had his change into the letter r, and is now called Laurea, (as many other words of like sort) of the which is Meridies for Medidies and the like. The Greeks named it Daphnis, for that it is always fresh and never leaseth his gr●ene colour. Aristotle sayeth that this kind of tree (whereas other and those infinite are) is never hurt by thunder and lightning.   

Of Laus tibi.  
LAus tibi or white Daffodil in Greek is called Narkissos'. It hath his leaf like an Onion. His stalk yellow within his skin, and hollow. Diascorides saith, that it joineth together those sinews which are cut, being adhibited and used plaster like.   

Of Lettuce.  
LEttice sayeth Isidor, is so said for that it being eaten, hath that humour which 〈◊〉 soon converted into milk: and to the woman it increaseth milk abundantly. To the man he saith, it is cause or provokement to venery. There is both field lettuce and Guard lettuce. Diascorides saith, that it putteth away all hindrances of sound sleep.   

Of the Leek.  
THe Leek hath his time of lustiness and youth, and his time also of age, even as man hath. For the first year it bestoweth all care and travel in growth and nourishment to his own perfection and ripening: then the next year following, that that he can he reserveth and bestoweth upon seed, to the preservation of his kind.   

Of Laburnum.  
LAburnum is a tree growing upon the Mountains called the Alps, whose wood is white & hard: and hath his flower one cubit in length, so noisome that no be will touch it. This groweth in hard and dry places and hateth moisture or water.   

Of Libardbaine.  
LIbardbaine of the Greeks is called Ak●niton, it hath leaves like the Cucumber, but somewhat more less and rough. His root is like the Scorpions tail. In colour it is as white as the Alabaster. They say that if the root hereof be showed or offered to the Scorpion, that it enféebleth him, and bereaveth him for a while of his lively powers, & of both his inward and outward senses. But contrariwise if you show him Barefoot or Terworte, he by and by leapeth, and is aloft. Diascorides saith, that this root being stamped to powder, and being bespiced or bestrewed upon their meat, as flesh, and such other things wherewith they live, destroyeth and killeth the Panther, the Libard, the Wolf, and all other beasts, those especially which live by ravening, and that whilst their meat so ordered is in their mouth. There is another of this name, englished Wolfbane: whose lea●e is like the Plane tree, which hath iij. kinds. The one which the Huntsman useth: which groweth for the most part in Italy, with the which after their addighting they destroy Wolves, as Diascorides saith: the other which serve the Physician to good use and purpose.   

Of Liricumfancie.  
LIricumfancie, or as other judge May Lily, for resemblance alike: It hath his flower very white. In Greek it is called Ephemeron, for his short continuance and daily dying. As also there is a little kind of beast in the River Hipanis of that name, as Aristotle recordeth, which liveth but only one day, and dieth at night: so ordained of God and provided of Nature: herein to learn and teach us that all things created & made, have their end: some with long looking for it, other some have it as suddenly, and as short: And to inform us further, that every thing hath not a like end. No, infinite things there are, that have no proportion, or seem not to be (although they be) conference & comparison being once had, the one with the other.   

Of Licorise.  
LYcorise, is so said especially through the Greek word for that it hath a sweet root. Glven in Greek is interpreted sweet. It is not only sweet, but it is also moist, insomuch that if slaketh the thirst.   

Of the Malew.  
THe Malew hath that pre-eminence, that it mollifieth, and loseneth all hardness of the inward parts & bowels of the belly: as Isidor showeth, whose liquor or juice saith he, being contempered with any clammy Oil, and being anointed upon any man's body, he cannot be stung with Bees.   

Of the Mandrake.  
THe Mandrake saith Diascorides, of some is called Circea. For that the Poets feigned, that C●rce the Witch or Sorceress used it in her amorous and delicious drinks. It beareth saith Isidore, an Apple of sweet smell, which of some is called the Apple of the earth. The Poets call it Anthropomorpheos, for that it hath his root in the earth in figure like to a man. Whose roo●e being boiled with wine, and given the patient to drink, the Surgeon forthwith casteth the Patient into a dead sleep. There is of this both Male and Female. The Male is of ●ike leaf to the Beet. The Female to the Lettuce.   

Of Maioram.  
MAioram sweet, or Maioran gentle, took his name of a certain Kings waiting Boy, which in fetching his Lord certain ointments at the Apothecaries, by chance (whilst he bore them) had a fall, & so by the spilling of every each of them (meeting together by their flowing, and by such confusion) a marvelous sweet smell was made, which as they say, this marjoram representeth.   

Of the Mastic tree.  
THe Mastic tree, distilleth and droppeth a certain tear or Gum: and that kind of gum which is in working very dry, & emptieth the head of all moisture, and all other superfluities, as Diascorides saith.   

Of the Marigold.  
THe Marigold of Manardus is called Lysimachia. Ruellius calleth it Woodwaxen, it groweth in Meadows and Pastures like to Brome, so bitter that no beast living will eat thereof. Other will have it called Lostriffe or Herb Willow. It beareth a red flower: It being put saith Diascorides into the fire, sendeth forth that kind of smoke that is noisome to Serpents, and driveth away Flies.   

Of Molin or Longwort.  
MOlin or Longwort, is one kind of that Herb, which in Greek is called Phlamos, another of that is the Primrose. Of some it is taken for the Rosecampin. It hath a long root, a white flower, & somewhat wan. Aristotle saith, that this is the fishes deadly destruction, or they coveting to taste hereof, by the power of his working, are weakened and brought low insomuch that they thereby for the most part, lose their life.   

Of the Mulberry tree.  
THe Mulberry tree hath a sovereign red colour in fruit bearing: whereupon in Greek it is called Moros, which signifieth red or ruddy coloured. There is saith Theophrast the Egyptian Mulberry tree that is not much unlike ours in the Gardaine: but it hath a singular manner by itself in fruit bearing, for neither upon his bough, neither yet upon his leaf, it beareth fruit but only beneath out at his body, in the bigness of our Fig. But forasmuch as it lacketh his inward Kernel (which other fruits have) it is somewhat slack in hastening toward ripeness, and is never mature or mellow, until such time as it be pressed and chafed with Iron Instruments, such as they have in Egypt. Which kind of fruit being on this wise used as it were the space of four days, it waxeth ripe by and by, and in the eating is very pleasant.   

Of the Mushroom.  
THe Mushroom or Toadstoole, in Greek is called Mokéton, in Latin Fungus. It hath two sundry kinds, and they both differ in goodness, for the one may be eaten: the other is not to be eaten, but is deadly to eat. The first also eftsoons by other means, not of himself, but taking it of another, becometh poisonous or deadly. Diascorides saith, that this thing sometime cometh to pass through neighborhoode and fellowship either of rusty Iron, or Nails: or else sometime by rotten and filthy Rags cast among them, and consumed to dust: sometime also by harbouring Serpents, such as are all venomous: sometime also through the next neighbourhood of venomous and infectious Plants, and so forth.   

Of Mint.  
MInt is an Herb of sweet smell and is of two sorts the one of the Gardaine, the other of the field. The Latins call it Calaminthus. Isaac saith, that it stoppeth and stencheth all kind of swellings.   

Of Milfoile.  
MYlfoile of some Yarrow or Nosebleede, is a small and short set or shrub. It hath his leaf like to the Birds feathers. They are divided by cuts, and are sharp also like the Cummin. Diascorides saith, it is profitable to stay eruption of blood.   

Of the Myrrh tree.  
THe Myrrh tree saith Pliny, groweth in the pastures and woods of Arabia, whose leaf is much like to the Olive, but more sharp and thorny. It hath boughs like to the juniper. It is in his growth about five Cubits high. It distilleth drops out of his side, or body, both bitter & green, which some call sweeting. Isidore saith, that the best of it cometh by resolution and lose giving within itself. And that he saith is a great deal more precious, which cometh forth and issueth of his own accord, than that which cometh by stroke and Iron Instrument violently brought forth. Dead bodies anointed with this distillation, are said to be preserved from corruption or rottenness.   

Of the Myrt tree.  
THe Myrt tree saith Isid. was first called Myrtus, for that it groweth most commonly nigh to the Sea shore. It is one of the odoriferous kind, or sort, those I mean which have sweet sent or smell. Diascorides saith that it repaireth and refresheth anew old wearied members.   

Of the Nettle.  
THe Nettle is a burner, & is called Vrtica, of the active verb Vro: as Isid. saith. It is of fiery and extreme hot burning nature, burning with handling of it only. And when as it hath once done with burning as much as it will: it strait ways causeth itching, to the intent that the place being scratched might swell the more. Which ill weed is not through this his dealing one ways hurtful to a man, but many ways. Yet it hath in it saith Diascorides somewhat praise worthy: for it is singular (so as it may be used) to stench blood.   

Of Nightshade.  
NIghtshade of the Egyptians is called Alleto in Greek Struchnos, the Romans call it Batrachium some other Solanum. His leaf is somewhat like Parsley. Diascorides saith it helpeth the burning and inflation of the stomach. With this the valiant Beggars and most cunning in that their daily craft, (craft it may be well called and taken in the worst part) do make their flesh seem raw and rancored, as often as they will, to the intent men may pity them the more, and give them the sooner their Alms: whereas peradventure, they be as whole & as lusty as those that have pity of them in very deed. But here we may perceive there is a counterfeiting almost in every thing. They therefore to beguile men, thus use it. With this they chafe their legs, their arms and other parts also where they will, till it blister and break the s●inne, & having so done for a time it showeth a marvelous ill look. And so I warrent you to that look they, for their parts, can counterfeit as good. In most places in England it is called Gold-knappe ●r yellow Crace, for the golden colour of his fruit,   

Of the Nut tree  
THe Nut tree may be called & that very aptly, an injurious & unquiet neighbour. It hurteth the fruits next to him by all means, both with his shadow, with dropping ill tears or humours from out his leaves upon them and also with his root. Insomuch that by all ways it vexeth and hindereth the next to him. Isidore saith they may all generally and with one and the same name be called Nuts, whose fruit is hid and kept up in husk or shalt: As the walnut, the Chestnut, the Almond and the like.   

Of the nymphs tree  
THe nymphs tree of the Greeks is called Lotos, it is of exceeding great height, very soft & tender in bark. In fruit it is like the Cherie, as sweet and as small also. Cardane saith, that Neptune's Daughter a Nymph, fleeing from Priapus, was turned into this tree, and thereupon it had first his name. There is an Herb also of this name, which the Poets imagine and feign, that whosoever eateth thereof shall so be in attendance upon Venus and upon her Court Ladies, that he shall not be able to move from the place where he so tarrieth or resteth in.   

Of the Olive tree.  
THe Olive is a kind of tree had in much price amongst the Ancients for his peaceable and concordant nature. Insomuch that the old Romans (as in their Histories and Chronicles doth appear) were never wont to send their Legates or Ambassadors either to ask and require peace: or else to offer and proclaim peace with their outward enemies, without small branches hereof borne in their hands. Remigius saith, it is for a token of sign or atonement and covenant made between God and man. As then especially when as the Dove fleeing forth of Noah his Ark, fetched first and foremost to him a small twig hereof. Pliny saith, in his xu book, that the valiant and noblest vanquishers in the City of Athens in old time were honoured and crowned with the Olive. The same Author also recordeth, that there be divers kinds hereof. There is also a certain juice of this Olive, as Isidore saith, which the more new and fresh that it is, the better it is. There is also the wild Olive like to the other, but that it hath a more broad Leaf.   

Of the Oak.  
THe Oak is called the sound bodied tree, and his principality is in long life & endurance. It is said that Mambra that tree, was a kind of Oak, under which Abraham dwelled which continued and endured many hundred years, even from his time to Constantine's the king and Emperor. His fruit is commonly called the acorn.   

Of the Oleander.  
OLeander, in Greek Naerion the latins call it Rhododendrum. It is thought to be a tree inleaf like to the Almond tree, but at the end somewhat more sharp. In flower it is like the Rose, and beareth fruit with shalt, as the Almond: within his shalt are fat and full seeds, as soft to feel to as purple silk. His leaf or lint of flower being eaten of cat-tail is their cause of death.   

Of the Onion.  
THe Onion hath all his strength and manner of working in his root or head, & therefore it is called Cepa in Latin, for that all his profit is placed in the head. At one years growth it taketh no great proof, neither doth it seem to riot until such time as it is plentiful in yielding seed.   

Of Orchanet or wild bugloss  
ORchanet, of the Romans & Greeks is called Anchusa. Some of our countrymen translate it wild bugloss. It hath his leaf sharp set and thorny. This root saith Diasco. hath that kind of juice, that being wrong out, dieth in a manner a sanguine colour.   

Of the Orange tree.  
THe Orange tree whereof Mantuam so much maketh mention of, in his Eglogs: is first reported to be brought from the Medes, whereof is thought to arise this Latin word Malus Medica. The Greeks call it Kédromela, for that his fruit is in smell, not much unlike to the Cedar. The Orange saith Diascorides, helpeth and remedieth all venom. And so the Poet meaneth, whereas he saith: And hereof is the soul's best nourishment. This tree is at all seasons of the year fruit bearing or fruitful: insomuch that it is never found without fruit, but after a divers sort in their quality & manner: for when the first of their fruit is mellow, and ready ripe: then the second you shall espy green and sour: and the third new blosoming and in flower. So that as the first is plucked off: the residue one after another hasten to ripenesss, the first to the third his point: the third to the second, and that, that is not (but in possibility and power is) then springing forth.   

Of Organnye.  
ORgannye of some wild marjoram. His root is like the Rape, ruddy within, and without very black. Diascorides saith, that if his root be stamped and mixed with Uiniger, that itis a singular Medicine, and remedieth the bighting and eating of Spiders.   

Of the Palm tree.  
THe Palm tree, is bespread with boughs plentifully, and the same in a manner resembling the small lines in our hand. It is of indifferent height, swift in shooting forth, and in his growth, keeping and retaining still his Leaf without fall (which thing the most of all other kinds do not) but have yearly at one time of the year the fall of their leaf. The Greeks in their language call it Phoenix, fetched & borrowed as I think, from Phoenix the Bird of Arabia, which is said to be of so long life or continuance. Pliny saith, that there is hereof both Male and Female.   

Of Papirus or the Rush of Egypt.  
PApirus or the Rush of Egypt, and Syria, in length is reported to be ten Cubits. It groweth in the Fen and marshy grounds. Of this was Paper at the first made, as his name yet seemeth to testify. This kind of Rush being well dried, is the fire his best nourishment: with this also in Egypt and Syria, they make candles and Torches (even as we) with out wi●ke and cotton.   

Of the Pear tree.  
THe Pear tree as Isidore witnesseth, is called Pyrus, for that it is in his fashion and kind of growth, Pyramidal or firelike, broad about the middle of the body, but at the top Arrow headed, or Pinnaclelike. It hath but one name, for many and sundry his kinds. There is in a certain Town in Italy called Crustiminium that kind of Pear, which is as red as blood in one of his sides, and in the reasidue otherwise.   

Of Pearserthnut.  
PEarserthnut of many in english, in Greek in called Astragalos. The▪ Romans' call it Ficus terrae, the Fig of the earth. In manner of growth it seemeth to be but a small and very short shrub. It is in leaf and branch bearing like to Cicer his root: of the Physicians it is said to be by many ways medicinable, as to stay and stench blood, & the like. But it is very hard and scarcely able to be beaten to powder.   

Of Penroyall.  
PEnroyall of some Chrusitis of others jupiters' beard: of others it is thought to be a kind of Calamint. It hath locks very like Isope: The Greeks amongst them by their manner of name and word giving (as we may interpret) seem to call it golden Herb. His root is a great binder, & causeth excessive heat. Pliny commendeth it for this one thing above all other herbs: For that it being hung up in the larderhouse, either by branch, or otherwise, in the midst and depth of Winter, yet for all that buddeth forth his yellow and golden Flower.   

Of the Pine tree.  
The Pine tree is called holdfast or pitchy tree. It is said to sweat, and to drop forth Pitch. Theophrast saith, that this kind of tree furthereth and agreeth with all other their natures whatsoever, as also the Fig tree doth the contrary. It beareth that fruit which we call the Pine Apple. At the first it is very raw and green, but being ripened, it cometh most nigh to the Chestnut his colour.   

Of the peony.  
THe peony had his name first of a ●ertaine Physician whose name was Peon as Isid● reporteth. Some call it Penterobina for his number of grains. Other some call it fivefingred leaf, for the fingers likeness. Avicen saith, that there is of this both Male & Female. The Male saith he, drunken in Wine helpeth the Oppilation of the Spleen.   

Of the Pepper tree.  
THe Pepper tree groweth in Indie, and upon the side of the hill Caucasus right opposite to the Sun. His leaf is much like the juniper's leaf. It groweth amongst the Groves and Woods, such as the Serpents inhabit: But to be free from any their kind of endamaging, the inhabitants of that country saith Isidore, when the fruits hereof ripen, do set the whole Grove on fire, and by that means the deadly Serpents fly, and are driven away. So that the sire hath two effects in so working: the one to their terror and fear: the other to make black and becolour the Carnels as it were most brown: when as both they and the residue of their fruit by natural growth and proper colour are all white. It taketh also of this firing, not only black colours, but wrinkles also, as we may see upon his upper skin. They that will be Crafts masters in this merchandise, have proof of both old and new thus. If it be light, they judge it old: if more weighty, then take they it to be new. But herein sometime the Merchants play the very Merchants. For they intermeddle now and then amongst their old Pepper the froth or cinders of Silver or Lead, and such like, to make it way heavy.   

Of Phleum.  
PHleum saith Theophrast, is in his leaf very fertile, and in a manner fleshly. It is of great stock, and as small of height. It hath a certain influence and more plentiful mean of increase of the Stars which be called Pleads: And therefore it may be said that it is called Phleum It giveth orderly leaf after leaf as they fall away.   

Of the Plane tree.  
THe Plane tree in Greek is called Plato's, for his breadth and plainness of leaf. Zerxes the King of most mighty power had this in admiration above all other trees, insomuch that he fell in love with it, and at such time as other hastened him, & made preparance through him to battle, yet he would somewhile slack under this tree, and spend there the most part of the day. He departing also from thence by motion and travail of body (yet still permanent there in his mind) would leave behind him pledges and tokens of his love: Armlets, Chains, embroidered array, which he for testimony only of his love, hung up upon the Boughs.   

Of Piperitis.  
PIperitis the Herb of Castor the Physician, was said to be effectuous in remedying and helping the falling sickness.   

Of the Pomegranet.  
THe Pomegranet, is of some called the good kernel Apple. It hath in his round set and proportion of skin, a multitude of small kernels. Isaac saith, that this being immoderately taken engendereth vexations & griefs, inwardly and outwardly.   

Of parsley.  
parsley, is a Gardaine herb and used much with Cooks inditing & setting out their meats, as often also to farce and stuff here withal. It had his name as the Latin word giveth for growing on stony & rocky places. Diasco. saith that his seed may be kept ten years without loss of operation. There are divers kinds hereof: but that of Macedony is counted the best.   

Of Plantain.  
Plantain of some is called Lambs tongue: his leaf is very plain but sinewy, after the likeness of this Herb● was once the attire of the high Priest made. It remedieth and helpeth the biting and swelling of mad Dogs.   

Of Popie.  
POpie or Chesboule is in one sort, of the garden, in another of the field. This of many is taken in Bread, for better healths sake. It causeth sleep: and driveth away watchings, as saith Diascorides. Therefore Diagoras the Philosopher, a man most vigilant and studious, when as other used it, he would not take it, no not then, when as he had taken to much upon him by study & watching: lest he thereby should accustom himself to fall from his old wont: yet Mnesidemus another Philosopher, would eftsoons use to smell hereof, and to receive of the juice purposedly to provoke sleep.   

Of the Plumb tree.  
THe Plumb tree, hath many & divers kinds, although but one name for all▪ But his chiefest and principal kind is the Damascen, brought forth first out of a certain place or town called Damascum, where it first grew.   

Of Polipodecke or Okeferne.  
POlipodecke or Okeferne, groweth on the tops of Okes and walls. It being roast in the Carcase of an Hen saith Avicen, remedieth the grief of the guts.   

Of Purslane.  
PVrslane, is an Herb in colour very fresh, and green. Pliny saith, that it being chawed and kept a while between the teeth, doth make the lose teeth hard, and setteth them fast again.   

Of the Quince tree.  
THe Quince tree is in Latin called Cydonia Malus of Cydon a certain town in Cr●te. Cato was the first that called it Cotonea, for that his Apple or fruit is all over appareled with a certain kind of wool called Coton. With the Germans it is called Quittenbaum. Amongst the Germans it is most rife, and groweth in cold and moist places. Many think that this is that fruit which the Poets call golden Apple: in Greek Chrusomela. Lonicer saith, that the juice of the raw Quince helpeth them that have their wind or breath stopped: and which have no good digestion in meat taking.   

Of Reed.  
Reed is half take with the Herb and tree, but in force or growth, above the Herb. And nothing in strength to the tree his comparison: It is all without very smooth and plain, within like an empty vessel. It is carried and bend on every side with the wind. Isidor saith, that it took his name of soon & sudden change in his array. Arundo saith he is derived out of the adjective Aridum, for that it so speedily drieth and withereth.   

Of the Rose.  
THe Rose saith Theophrast, (although it hath but one name for so sundry kinds) yet it is known well enough in his kinds, either by number and account of leaf, either else by sharpness, lightness, colour, or smell. They of this kind for the most part have five leaves: there are some found that have twelve other some twenty other some have far many more. There be also saith he, which been called hundredth leaves. Whereof many came from Philippos, which being first brought from Pangeus the very armehole or elbow of Thrace, are now set and do grow in many other places Those be saith he of most sweet smell, which grow in Cyrena: and hereof is made with the Apothicaries a most sweet confection or Ointment. In Cyrena also there is the best Violet, and that which is of pure smell.   

Of Rosemary.  
Rosemary by his Latin name, should seem to have been called in the former time, wholesome Herb. His leaf is somewhat like Fenel, but more sharply ended, and gross about. It can not be soon reckoned, to how many & sundry uses and purposes it serveth to.   

Of Rue.  
RVe is called the Medicinable Herb: and especially there where as excessive heat is found. For it is said to be most hot. There is hereof both that of the Gardaine, and of the field. They say that in this Herb it is taught us, how the enuenoming of Serpents may be helped: for that such things living as have a do with Serpents, do first arm themselves with this Herb, before they encounter with them. Pliny saith, that the Weasel having well known the effect and source of this Herb, at the meeting of the Cockatrice (having first eaten hereof) goeth forth quietly, and encoun●teth with him, and so vanquisheth him.   

Of Saffron.  
Saffron saith Isidore, was first named in Latin Crocus, of a certain town in Cicilie called Coritium, whereas it is especially most abundant, although plentiful in many other places. Many things saith he took their name of the first place whereas thy grew. It hath this sovereignty or best goodness, in that that by whole winters long, it keepeth his green colour, & leaseth it not, whatsoever cold nipping wether, or tempest can do to appall it. In summer it suffereth the leaf to whither, & in mid Autumn it taketh it freshly again: and giveth then his fruit in a soft and tender head.   

Of savin.  
SAuin, is one of those kinds which all the whole winter time weareth his green cote, and beareth leaf all seasons of the year. It is often used of Physicians to fomentation, and especially to remedy and help all griefs in the inward parts and bowels.   

Of Saxifrage.  
SAxifrage is called the stone killing herb for that his operation is such, that it dissolveth and weareth away all sand and gravel which taketh root in the bladder.   

Of Scammony.  
SCammony of the Latins Colophonia, in Greek Skammonia: it hath a leaf like ivy, but softer and in figure and show most like to the Triangle: It beareth a white flower. Diascorides saith, that it is given to purge and deliver from colour, and saith he so it doth but it commonly leaveth a worse matter behind it.   

Of Saint johnes seal.  
SAaint johnes seal, of Ruellius salomon's seal: of Manardus, Saint Mary's seal: of john Agricola fraxinella or scala Caeli, in look & appearance is like the Laurel: in taste like the Quince. Diascorides saith that there groweth between every leaf many flowers of white colour, and in great number.   

Of spikenard.  
spikenard saith Pliny, giveth name to many kinds. Spica nardi or spikenard, is only supposed to come out of Indie. It is so called saith Isidor, for that his leaf is gathered swimming aloft in the floods, and streams of Indie, without either root or stalk. Which leaf they finding, do pierce and prick it, and do lay it up to dry. They say that there is a leaf in Paradise much like to this Mardus. There is one growing also in Indie, another in Syria. This last being kept awhile in the mouth drieth up the tongue and salivous humour.   

Of stony Sage or Wall sage.  
STony Sage or Wall sage, which most commonly groweth upon the Tiles of housen, or upon the top of Walls, of some is called Heraclea. The Mages after their language call it Titan's blood, or the Scorpion's tail. Some call it Ox's eye. It hath a Leaf like Sage: and groweth plentifully amongst the Sands. The best virtue of this is saith Diascorides, to seek and search to the bottom of all maims and wounds.   

Of Sycomore.  
SYcomore or foolish Fig tree, in leaf is like the Mulberry tree: In other points, it is the self same with the Fig. It hath a milky kind of juice or humour, many a time seen at the Leaf his end. It hath Grains within his fruit as the Fig tree hath: But this to be most marveled at, for that it never ripeneth until it be strooken with an Iron instrument.   

Of the Thorn tree.  
THe Thorn tree is armed about with Dart and sting. And therefore Isidore will have it named Spina, quasi speculis septa: as you would say, befenced with sting. It is used with us as for his best worthiness to enclose, and to be a defence and a partour of our neighbour his ground and ours.   

Of Terebull.  
TErebull, is the Leaf of an Herb in Indie, which swimmeth about in Pools & Ditches, without any root that is seen. Those of Mauritania and of Greece call it Malabathrum. Whereof cometh a most precious, and sweet Oil. Cardane saith, that it so comforteth a man, that the very Leaf being taken then, when as a man is in grief and vexation either of mind or of body, it stayeth or quieteth him, yea although he be in a swoon or dying.   

Of Tragion.  
TRagion saith Diascorides, only Crete & Cicilie bringeth forth. It hath his bough, seed and leaf like to the Mastix tree, but not altogether so great. It floweth and distilleth that humour that is like gum. With this as with Dictamus (whereof we spoke before) the Goats & Dear of Crete being once wounded, help and remedy themselves, and then especially, if it be by Arrow or Dart, sticking fast in their Ribs, they so loosen it by this heart's tongue or Cetract. And Diascorides saith, that all harvest time his leaves smell rammishly, in manner like the Goat, and this groweth upon the hills and lofty places. There is an herb also of this name which some call Scorpion, the Romans and Greeks Tragos.   

Of the tree of Paradise.  
THe tree of Paradise saith Cardane, is of short life, for the second year his body drieth up and waxeth barren: It beareth fruit like a cluster of Grapes, but in bigness of an Apple. It is covered with a yellow coat, & his leaf is very long & broad, for the which it is of so short life, for that which is great and gross hath need of great humour, & that also which goeth to much at riot: or else it by and by dieth.   

Of Trifolie.  
TRifolie, or three leaved Herb, as the word or name may be general to all such as have only but three leaves: so is there a certain fruit or Herb so properly called. Of some it is called short vine, of the Egyptians Epaphu. It is of sweet smell. It groweth saith Diascorides, in a shadowy and dark place: His flower is purpled & Circlelike, his seed drunken in Wine is much medicinable.   

Of Turbit.  
TVrbit whose Leaf is like the Laurel, groweth in Egypt, and is not the same which men think, they receive at the Apothecary's hands: It is given to purge phlegm. It is said (being drunken in Uiniger) to remedy the biting and stinging of the Aspis: for the which there are but few remedies.   

Of Wake Robin.  
WAke Robin the Syrians call Lupha. It is leaved in figure like the Dragon: In his stalk it is purpled. It giveth a sharp set stomach enough to digest, and to satisfy Nature's desire, being once taken.   

Of Walwort.  
Walwort the Greeks call Symphyton whose height is commonly two cubits: his leaf is rifted like bugloss, his root and neither show black: but within very white and oily: It helpeth and putteth away blood spitting.   

Of wild borage.  
Wild Borage or Alcibiadion is that herb that Alcibiades used to paint his face with. The Latins call it Alcibiacum, it hath his leaf, white, & is wrought like Orchanet: his best is saith Diascorides, for that it helpeth ache and anguish of the Lungs.   

Of wild Rue.  
Wild Rue or woodsage in Latin Polimonion. It hath small stalks saith Diascorides in a manner like a birds Feather: his leaf is a little bigger than our Rue. It hath a tuft which is full of black seeds. They say, that if it be applied to any part of a man, No Scorpion can sting or wound him: or if she doth, it can not hurt him.   

Of Veruen.  
vervain, of some after their language is called Holy Herb. The Mages call it juno's tear, or Mercury's moist blood. The Romans Cocks comb. It groweth only in the waters, and is thought to be that Herb which in Greek is called Peristeon, because the Doves being in company and in their flight, seek after their food at this Herb.   

Of the Violet.  
THe Violet is in two kinds: white & purpled. His best goodness is in a sweet kind of smell, & especially that Violet which groweth (as we said before) in Cirena. Some say that there is a kind of Violet like Honey. Look how much the more effectuous or good in working this his flower is: so much the more it is said to hold down his head, and to bow and bend his body downward, to the earth.   

Of Wintergreene.  
WIntergreene of the Mages is called Wolves heart, so to translate it. The Syrians call it Merida. The Frenchmen juniper. The Latins after theirlanguage, black Lingwort or the earth's leaf, it is like to our Beet. His seed saith Diasc. taken in wine, helpeth the grief of the inward bowels.   

Of Woodbinde.  
woodbind of the Mages is called Venus' hair. Of the Egyptians Tucon. It is a humile and weak kind of shrub, and hath his leaf sayeth Diascorides, one set a good way off from another. It twineth like a thread or line, about other herbs and fruits, and is a hindrance to their prosperity and growth. They say that if it be drunken xxxuj days together, it causeth a barren and unfruitful nature: further it helpeth the Fever intermeddled with Oil.   

Of Woodherbe.  
WOodherbe after the Latin translating, in Greek Kaetaphysis, it hath a leaf like Crowfoote and groweth about in the groves and fields as plentifully & as thick as grass. It being stamped saith Diascorides, and mixed with the brawn of any thing living, remedieth & cureth Ulcers and Biles. It is also said, that if it be brought home whilst it is fresh, and bestrewed about the house, to prohibit and let the Flées of their engendering.   

Of the Willow tree.  
THe Willow tree in Latin is called Salix a Saliendo, for his swift skipping and coming up. The best praise that it hath given him is, for that the more he is pulled and cut down, the better a great deal he prospereth. His second praise is for ministering oftentimes meat to the Cat-tail.   

Of the Yew tree.  
THe Yew tree in Greek is called Smilax, the Romans call it Taxus. It is in bigness of leaf like the Fir tree. Diascorides saith, that it first grew in Carbonia a part of Italy and Spain. It hath that secret manner of working, that whosoever sitteth or lieth on sleep under it, keatcheth no good thereby: for oftentimes hurt hath come thereby, and sometimes also death. It was told us of it saith Diascorides, that we should avoid it by a certain friend of ours, for fear of greater danger. And Virgil in his bucolics warneth and chargeth the shepherds of his time, that they should not suffer their sheep to feed neither under this, neither under the juniper tree, neither under those trees whose shadow is hurtful. As in his Georgickes he warneth also, how the swarms of Bees should be kept away in any case from the Yewes of the Isle of Cirse or Corsica in this verse and the like. 
Et tua Cyrneas fugiant examina Taxos.  
If that thou wilt thy Bees to be  
in weal and in good case  
Take heed of Cirsies Yewes I say  
and of that dangerous place.  And Pliny also in his natural History and xuj. book recordeth of this, that in Arcady the Yewes are of that force to weaken and enfeble the vital powers in any man sleeping under them, that sometime he forthwith and presently dieth. And Plutarch in his Sympose rendereth the reason, for that the Brain being distempered with so noisome and deadly a scent or smell, causeth the rest of the head not to be well, but undoth his good settling, and all at once bereaveth him of all. Thus saith Pliny it doth, whensoever any long tarriance is made under it. But than doth it especially cumber and hurt, yea, most often kill, when as it newly shooteth out and buddeth forth flowers.   
FINIS.   

The third Book of the Aegemonie or chiefest virtues in all the whole kind of bruit Beasts, Fowls, Fishes, creeping worms and Serpents, with the Alphabetical order.  Psalm. 148. 
Praise the Lord of Heaven, ye beasts and all cattle: worms and feathered Fowls.   

The Preface to the third Book.  
THe division of Savage and brute Beasts, r●ueth somewhat more at large: And may more plentifully be sorted and severed into their branches, than those other two more base Daughters and of lesser pr●ce, which we next before & immediately in their order showed off, what was their best and sovereign goodness. For this is the close and wise working of Dame Nature, that the further and in degree the more high, she laboureth in hers to have them reach to the chiefest perfection in whom are all things absolute, full and without any point of lack or imperfection, she giveth to each of them in thei● kind a several gift. And whereas all of them can not be alike, neither is there in them equal condition, yet for the best she provideth for them in that that may be: always foreseeing to avoid impossibility. I mought here therefore set these two last Daughters, the plant and eke the brute Beast, the one from the other by this note and difference (for many men have children alike, and yet they are known and have their difference by one mark or other) First and foremost in moving from place to place, with an appetite to repast themselves: and this is the chiefest, used and sought forth of Philosophers: the next in feeling and sense, perceiving grief and pain, good and evil. And herein and in these, they chiefly descent. Insomuch that the Plant is only portioned with the life vegetative, and therein in every each power fully & abundantly. This other last steppeth up a Stayer higher, layeth hold and apprehendeth another kind of life in degree more Princely, and in force or large power most manifold: for with this, it hath might to move, to have lust or appetite: to have and hunt after what it will, and to wander and stray therefore whether it will, neither aught that to be reckoned aught which Anaxagoras and Empedocles, men partial in this point reasoned: Whereas they spoke of that other the Plant his praise. Insomuch, that they would persuade others of their time, that in that kind there was both moving abroad and appetite to that which it perceiveth to be best: but they are refuted of Aristotle by sundry and sufficient reasons whereof we intend not to speak: only se●ling ●ur selves to gainsay them herein, with ●his one reason chosen forth of the rest, that Aristotle useth. If they have sense and appetite, they must needs have feeling: if they have feeling, they must needs have organ, & parts instrumental for the manner of feeling. But in the Plant there is none such perceived: Therefore with so little a tr●p they are clean cast down. Further some of them ad (but that which may be the more borne withal) that many of the kinds of Plants have both Male and Female, As ●mpedocles and his like: of whom I demand whether that they have conjunction yea or no? or whether they have th●se parts which ●e destined to procreation yea or no? and lastly, whether they conjoin each other with their like? for ye●als saith Aristotle is that which ●y conjunction begetteth his like in another. The female that which likewise doth even so with another. But in this last they may be the more suffered, for that Aristotle himself in the conclusion and winding up of his former book De Plantis, doth as it were distinguish those of the same kinds, although they have a nigh resemblance and are taken of some for all one. And thus saith he, you shall know the Male from the Female. The Male is of more spisse or tough branches: of leaf and bough, more abundant: of less humour or m●ysture than the Female: yet more forward in ripening. And hath his leaf and s●ippes also differing. The Female hath all these, but nothing like in number, affection and quality. But we mind not thus to give back or to s●ip aside with any more conference or comparison had. Let us fall now to every thing living and Creature of life h●s accustomed division. All living Creatures therefore (I do here necessarily but unwillingly comprehend man not me●ning to speak what his sovereignty is nor what is in him best, but purposed to stay before I come at him, who standeth on the st●yer a step higher than we mean to climb: bu● speaking of living Creatures, my meaning is of brute Beasts, the word restrained and cut a little short.) First to go to their place where they accustom to live, differ thus. For one part of them liveth upon the earth, another in the Sea & ●at●rs, the third part in both▪ doubtfully: so that one while they keep in the broad air: anotherwhile in the water, and earth as the Crocodile. Those of the earth some of them have 〈◊〉 to go with: some creep: some swim: some fly. The next diff●●●nce is noted and perceived in their manner and kind of living, as Aristotle witnesseth; in his books De animalibus very often. Some saith he, be as it were mild, hurtful to no body, as the Bullock, the Goad, the poor and ●ielye Sheep: other of such fierceness, and so wild that they can not be tamed, as the Tiger, the wild Boar, and other of haughty stomach as the Lion: other some of incredible might or strength, as is ●he Elephant, the Camel, and such like: other after a sort subtle and why, working man much evil and displeasure, as the crafty Fox, the devouring Wolf and so forth. Pliny as concerning this matter hath this division. All Beasts saith he, or Creatures living, hath this difference: some be full of blood, whereby they be long lived, as the Hart, the Hind, the Roe, other are without blood: but in stead thereof have their natural humour: as the Bee, the Wasp, the beetle, the ●lie. All which are of wreathed & par●ed body. Again he saith, some difference is in them for their food: for that the most part to account of, of all manner Beasts, live by flesh, and be called in Greek Cinophagai: other are indifferent for that matter, and eat that, as other things, when they may come by it: as the D●gge, the fleeing Eagle, and the like. Some again, which will none of i●: as for the most part all Fowls of the Air, and Fishes of the Sea. Further, some be of good memory, or retain for a time in their head a good turn done to them or an evil as the Dog, the Lion, the Camel: Other as forgetful of such kind of deserving, and unmindful as the Ostrich, the Dove. And there is in some a certain kind of perceiverance and adjudging or esteeming what is what (but the s●me spoken of us by resemblance and unproperly) which we may perceive they have through their care in bringing up & tendering their young: as also in artificial manner of building their Nest, in hunting and seeking after their prey, in remedying and curing wounds: in espying what shall hurt them: And further in s●me through foreknowledge and skill to prognosticate what shall afterwards happen by storm & tempest: as is the Swallow by his departure, when cold and Winter begin to come in. As is the wild Crane, which also showeth us through her flight from place to place, whereas exceeding Frosts shall be: And there is not this only in the Crane, laudable or praise worthy, but that which requireth far greater praise and long time to admiration. Aristotle saith, ●hat he hath marked this that when the Cranes by company, fly over the broad Sea (which is large, wide, and infinite) to continue in that their passage the better without rescue, and to endure to the end, they use this knack or practice. Their company then is brought into fives, and so they fly two a breast, and the fift or odd Crane in manner of a Persive stern, to make the other way in the Air, flieth all alone before, till he be weary so doing: when he is weary, another goeth and taketh upon him his office and painetaking, and that other cometh to their place which be of breast, and in like sort do all the other by course, till their journey be at an end: and so their flight is like a Triangle, sharp at the end, and broad about, and easied therewithal by one another his helping. Again (to leave their entrails and inward parts so to come by division) they are said to differ in outward attire and kind of array: for some have hair for their upper Garment: some have only their bare skin: other have feathers: other have hide: other have their skin full of prickles and briestles: and (to speak of their manner of defending themselves) some have sting, some have tusks, some have horns: othersome help themselves by flight and lightness of wings: and as for their voice, some have soft voice: some as loud and shrill. The Cow saith Aristotle, is in voice more loud than the mighty Bull. I could gather also differences in showing how every part is placed both within and without, not all alike: moreover, of their use and purpose, of their affection also, of their sets and disposition in life: but I had rather (as they say lose the Hare) then to take such infinite pains as to hunt so far for her. I will therefore now make h●st home again, peradventure the number of company of ●yles going, in taking such pains, would weary us: It is counted wisdom not to take to much upon a man, neither more than he can well suffer. But now to every living thing or Creature his sovereignty, so far forth as we can, ou● Pen and Hand shall hasten. And first let us begin Alphabetically (as in the residue of our work before) with the Adder.   

The third Book of the Aegemonie treating of brute Beasts, Fowls, Fishes, creeping Worms & Serpents, particularly and Alphabetically.  

Of the Adder.  
THe Adder is called by Etymology of Latin name shadowy Snake. Coluber saith Isidore, is so fetched word for word, and derived thus, as if you would say Vmbras colens, lurking or living in dark places and black shadows. It is reported to envy and hate the Hart, to kill the lion. And by all manner of means to flee from the Herb Rue. It casteth off yearly his uppermost skin or coat. It loveth to live among hollow trees, to seek his food in Pasture and grove: to set much store by Milk: to hurt both with tooth and mouth, and also with his hinder part or tail: to suck flesh: to eat Flies, and now & then among to eat crummie and dry ●arth. Pliny saith in his. 30. book and .4. Chapter, that the fat or brawn of the Adder, especially the water Adder, remedieth the stinging and biting of the Crocodile. And again, if thou have about thee but the Gall of an Adder, no other Adder will touch or hurt thee, but fly from thee: the scent or smell thereof doth so annoy him.   

Of the Ape.  
THe Ape in Greek is called Simeas, of his flat nose and filthy face, on each side thereof plated or wrinkled. Some will have him so called for counterfeiting of the like, or for imitation, and derive Simia the Noun substantive out of the adjective Simile, the like: For that he would be like in playing and toying. But I do not greatly gainsay them herein. Isidore saith in his twelve book, that when he is angry he frowneth: In the new Moon he is pleasant, and for that time very jocund: but when he waxeth old, he sorroweth, and is of sad look. When he hath two young ones at one broad, that of them both which he most entirely loveth, he always beareth in his arms, the other (as not much passing of it) he whurleth upon his shoulders. Isidore reckoneth up five kinds of Apes: One which is not much unlike our Dog in figure or show: another that hath a tail standing up in good length & thickness like a Fox: another kind is said to be of soft & silkie hair: there are the fourth kind called Satyri. The fift are said to have a hairy beard & a square visage withal. Pliny saith, that the fierce Lion is very desirous of the Ape his flesh: and with hungry ●ating thereof he riddeth himself of many infirmities.   

Of the Aspis.  
THe Aspis is a kind of deadly Snake, of most perilous bite or sting: some say it is called Aspis ab aspergendo, of besprinkling and casting about venom. There are divers kinds hereof. Pliny in his eight book and xxiij Chapter saith, that there is a principal and pure love between the Male and the Female, after that they be once knit together, and have (as all Mates have) house and home, and all things necessary common to them both alike. Insomuch that they live always, and go together to seek their food, and such like. So that if it be by any means, that any man kill either of these by any mishap, or by good will: the other left alive pursueth after the slear with incredible care and covetise to revenge. And killeth him in whatsoever thorough fare or throng of people he can find him, unless he hasteneth the s●oner away, & escapeth by straigts of narrow room, or by often turning and overcrossing the way, or by passage had over Floods and Rivers. But Nature hath yet for all this been man's friend, for whereas if with her flight and swift glancing upon the earth, she had eyesight alike to it, she would soon be requited, and would soon come by him: she is herein somewhat behind, and hindered, and is said to pursue him only by hearing, whereas he is, and by sharp smell. There is as Isidore reporteth five kinds of Aspis. The first named Dipsas in Greek, in Latin Situla Thristie Snake. It is of white colour, cloven in the tail, and beset with black spots or strikes. He that is stung with this Snake or Worm, shall feel such excessive heat & unquenchable thirst in himself, that by no means he can quench his thirst, neither by Wine, by Milk, by Bear or Ale, or by clear water. But the more he drinketh the more he may. Insomuch that through thirst at the last he dieth, as Isidor witnesseth. The second Aspis is called Hypnalis, which killeth a man as he is in sleep. Which kind of Snake Cleopatra used, and therewithal died in his bed with very much ease. The third is called Emorrois, which whom soever it biteth, he shall sweat forth blood. It so loseneth the Uaynes and openeth very wide the poors of the body. The fourth is called Prester, which always runneth towards a man with open mouth, and hath a very loathsome and ill smelling breath. The fift is called Septabificus, which by bit and stinging, causeth a man to consume away, and giveth him so, a deadly deaths wound.   

Of the Ass.  
THe Ass is named after Etymology of Latin word Rescuy beast, for that men at the first were sane to rescue themselves in journeying, by setting thereon, or as some say, for that it is a beast of dull wit, & gro●e sense. Senos in Greek say some is Sensus, and Asenos insensible or slow. It is of very heavy and dull nature. His chiefest food saith Avicen, are briars and brambles. And Aristotle seemeth to beckon to him, for that he saith thus. The Ass by briestling amongst the Bushes and briars hindereth the small Birds in bringing up their young, and in their Nest building. And therefore the little Sparrows do him all the mischief that they can. And will often peck at him with their Bill. And especially then when as the Ass by rubbing himself against the Thorns or briars, causeth their Nest to go to wrack. Therefore when as the Ass braieth (which is a horrible & fearful kind of noise) to them, they all than fly away for a good time. And coming again afterward to the place where he is, and espying him prickled in any place by rubbing him amongst the briars, in the place so raw and hurt, they never leave off pecking, till they have made it very sore, & have eaten it in very deeply: by this means hunting him and compelling him to go away as fast as he can from their nests. Here we see that a small silly Bird knoweth how to match with so great a Beast. Avicen saith, that the Crow and the Ass are at natural enmity. For so soon as the Crow espieth the Ass, she flieth and flacketh about his eyes & face, & pecketh and scratcheth out his eyen. But it is very seldom that she pecketh them clean out, he hath such a deep settling of his eyen. Pliny saith, that he loveth his young so tenderly that he runneth through fire and water to save them: Although it be most against his will to adventure in the waters.   

Of the Ant or Emote.  
THe Ant is called in Latin Formica, quasi micas ferens, carrying her meat by crumbs into her Lodge. Solinus saith, that they be but of small bigness, but of great discipline or skill in provision for them & theirs. Pliny in his ix Book and xxxj chapter, saith, that they are all busied alike, and be about the like business daily, and by companies hunt about to find victuals. They have amongst them a Public weal, every one for his power tendering & maintaining it. Their sorest labour is, when the Moon is at the full, and rest then when as the Moon is at the change. Aristotle in his 8. Book de animalibus saith, that they have a very perfit sense of smelling, hating all strong and noisome smells, as suffumigation of Brimstone, or Heart's horn being beaten to powder. Pliny saith in his. S. book, that when the Bear sickeneth or feeleth herself not well at ease, that then she scrapeth in the earth with her Paws intending to find of these, which being found and presently eaten of her, she recovereth herself and is well.   

Of the Bee.  
THe be sayeth Pliny in his twelve Book, is one of those kinds that be cut and girdled about in their parts, which although it be but little, yet is very fruitful. Isidor saith that it is called in Latin Apes for that it is first born without any feet. Aristotle saith, that it is engendered of the dead body or carcase of the Bullock. It is one of those that tender common profit. And hath within the Hive (as it were within the City) his ●entes & Courts of very good workmanship. Of some they are reputed civil, for that they have their King & Guides, and every one also distinct and several offices. So that some are only set over the residue to see that every one laboureth in his calling. Other some labour themselves, part by going abroad to bring home sweet Honey, part by standing at the Hive door (as it were at receipt of such as the other bring home) part play the workmen within, and amend or make up a new all such things as are amiss: and every one of them knoweth his duty. At that time that their King is present with them, they live even as they will: but he being once absent, the whole swarm is disturbed, and fleeth wandering by companies, it cannot tell whither. Such safeguard have they by their King, that they cannot be well without him. So that if he happeneth either through casual or natural death to die, they mourn for him a long time after, & carry him to sepulture, as solemnly after their sort as our mourners do.   

Of the Bear.  
THe Bear with her mouth & licking, bringeth her young which be at the first without all fashion, to that form which they have: and is called Vrsus as Isidor reporteth, quod ortos digerat lanbendo, for that by often licking, she bringeth every part in them to an order. The best in all the whole kind is as we find, for that she can play the Physician for herself: for she being crazed and distempered within her body, useth her claw for a spade, and diggeth up Emmets or Aunts out of the ground, which being taken, she immediately recovereth.   

Of the Bever.  
THe Beaver saith Pliny, liveth and is found in the isle of Pontus, and is one of those sorts which are called doubtful, for often exchange had in place where they live: for they live one while altogether upon the earth, and do accompany other brute beasts, those which s●ray abroad & are four footed: another while, they are conversant in the waters, and live the fishes and serpent's life. When they are hunted, they espying the Huntsman earnestly pursuing them (lest through such occasion they should be letted in their flight) the Male is reported to bite off his own stones and to geld himself, and by that means becometh very swift. He hath his tail not much unlike the fish, and the residue of his body not much unlike to the Otter.   

Of the Boar.  
THe Boar saith Isidore, in Latin vocable or word, is called Aper a feritate of fierceness or wildness (change of the Letter. P. had into the letter. F.) of the latins he is eftsoons called Verres for his great strength. He being gelt saith Pliny, & Avicen, becometh so much the more fierce and wild, whereas all other Creatures living wax thereby the more mil●e. His armoury is a sort of strong ●ushes or tusks and sharp. His use is, to keep a good while in his mouth the stalk or sedge of Barley, such as is sharp, to enter to the skin: keeping it of purpose to file & sharpen his tusks, which if it will not, he hunteth after the Herb Organnie, of some called wild Maioram, which he useth as a Whetstone to whet his teeth withal. Aristotle in his sixth book de Animalibus saith, that the Boar at such time as he hath young is most cruel and fierce, insomuch that he can not abide any man to come nigh him, but is marvelously vexed with him.   

Of the Bull.  
THe Bull is the he Bullock, not gelt or having lost his parts to generation. Pliny saith in his eight book, that his noble courage is in his look, & in his frowning countenance or forehead. Aristo. saith, that he hath his Liver round, in a manner like to a man his liver. And is fed alone before such time as the Male & Female do conjoin: but afterward at that time he feedeth and associateth in self him pasture with the Bullock. They are said to strive one with another for the Female which they best like: and after much strife and warring had, who so first tireth and is weary, is counted vanquished, & the other the vanquisher forthwith runneth to the Female, and leapeth up upon her back, and so satisfieth his desired lust.   

Of the Bugle or wild Ox.  
THe Bugle or the wild Ox, is said to be so wild, that his neck by no means can be brought under the yoke. And is called Bubalus for nigh resemblance to our Ox. In Africa they are very plentiful: he is of great strength and force, almost not to be tamed: but only with an Iron ring put through his Nostrils or snout, wherewith they lead him whither they list. There is another kind of wild Ox, which the Philosophers call Aptaleo, but nothing so huge or great, but hath horns much greater, very sharp also wherewith he heweth down trees, and thrusting up his horns sometimes up to the boughs of the Trees, intending to reach food thereby, doth now & then with force of his horns had, stick fast by them in the Tree, wherewith he being chafed and vexed, howleth out aloud, whose horrible cry the Huntsman having once hard runneth with fast foot thither, whereas he is snared, and so cometh by him, and else by no other means, and so slayeth him. There is also another kind of wild Ox or Bull, called of Aristotle & Pliny Bonasus, a little shorter than our Bull, but more thickly set, and hath his Mane like to our Horse. His flesh is Uenesonlike: for the which he is so often hunted. And in the game time he useth this knack or property: he runneth until he be weary, and in his flight taking and course, he flingeth forth and befowleth behind both of his urine and dung, even whole furlongs long after him, and with such annoyance wearieth the Courser or Huntsman.   

Of barbel the fish.  
BArbill, is called the beard fish, for that on both sides of her Mouth she hath fins like to a hairy beard. In Greek she is called Trigla: with the Germans Ein Berb. Of this kind Oppiane singeth thus. 
Accipiunt Triglae trino cognomina partu.  
The barbil for her oft increase  
Trigla by name is called:  
Thrice in the year she giveth young  
herein all kinds excelled.  Aristotle in his fift Book de Historia animalia affirmeth that this kind bringeth forth young thrice in the year.   

Of calamary the fish.  
CAlamarie the fish, of many Authors called Loligo hath his head between his hinder parts, and his belly: and hath two bones the one like to a knife, the other like to a quill: she is like the Cuttle, but that she is a little longer: and in that they differ also, for that the Cuttle showeth and poureth out a black kind of blood in all her fear and disturbance: this calamary vomiteth a good red & pure blood.   

Of the Camel.  
THe Camel by Greek word is called K●mae, his signification for the most part is lowliness and submission. And well had the Camel this name, for that at every burden laid upon him (to ease the labourer) he lieth down, suffering him to lay it on, even as he will. There are two kinds of Camels, one which is only in Arabia, which hath two kibes in his back: the other in many other countries, all plain in his back. His use is to journey no further at one time than he hath been before used & accustomed to at another, neither to carry heavier burden at another time than he before hath carried. They live some of them .50. years and some of them .100. They can be without water the space of four whole days, and have their best delight in drinking then when as by foot they trouble the water. Aristotle saith, that there is in the Camels a certain honest care to keep themselves within their bounds. For they think it unnatural and a most heinous offence to have ado with their Dam. There was in a certain City saith he, the Mother or Dam of a young and lusty Camel, all covered over with a cloth, with whom the young one being incensed, unwittingly attempted and assayed generation: who, or it were long, through ruffling of the cloth, by certain notes espying that it was his Dam, came down and ceased therein before he had his full lust, and biting her most cruelly, through extreme anger slew her. The like example of honesty observing, he rendereth there of a certain man's Horse.   

Of the Cameloparde.  
THe Cameloparde hath the very head of a Camel: the neck like our Horse, and feet like the Bugle or wild Ox. He breedeth in Ethiope: he is bespotted & stained diversely with divers colours in a manner like the Libard.   

Of the Chameleon.  
TThe chameleon is a small kind of beast, whose body is such that with easy conversion it changeth into all colours, a few only excepted. Avicen saith, that it is all one with Stellio or Cousin german to the lizard, for that he hath on his back light spots like stars. And for that fear that it is naturally in, and the paucity or rareness of blood, he hath so often and so divers transfiguration in colour. It is very commonly said with the old versifiers, and those also which would be esteemed Philosophers, that the Chameleon liveth only by air, as the Moule doth by the earth alone: The hearing by the water: the Salamander by the fire. And these be their verses wherein they show this purpose.  
Quatuor ex Puris vitam ducunt Elementis,  
chameleon, Talpa, Maris Halec, & Salamandra.  
Terra cibat Talpam, flame Pascunt Salamandram,  
unda fit Halecibus cibus, aer Cameleonti.  
These four Elements give food  
to four things, each other  
The Herring, Moule and chameleon  
and eke the Salamander.  
With earth the Moule is said to feed▪  
with flame the Salamander:  
And water is the Herrings meat  
the chameleons the air.   

Of the bird Caladrius.  
THe Caladrius saith Aristotle is of milky colour, without any black spot, whose natural property is this, that when as any man is grievously pained with sickness or disease, if there be any hope of recovery in the party so diseased, she hath always a cheerful look towards him, if there be no amendment that it can perceive, it is of very sad look and countenance, never giving him cheerful look, or once looking at all that way.   

Of the carp.  
THe carp is a kind of fish well known of us: she is arrayed in all her whole body with her coat of fence that is stiff seals of mean & indifferent bigness: insomuch that there hath been found of this kind some weighing ten pound: she is of very soft f●esh & phlegmatic: with the Germans it is called Karpff. Erasmus called it in Latin Carpa, when as other called it Carpio.   

Of the Cat.  
THe Cat in Latin is called Catus, as if you would say Cautus, wary or wise. In Greek she is named Galiootes, with the Germans Kaiz. She is to the Mouse a continual enemy: very like to the Lion in tooth and claw: and useth to pastime or play with the Mouse ere she devoureth her. She is in her trade and manner of living very shamefast: always loving cleanliness. There is also a kind hereof called the wild Cat, which of all things is annoyed with the smell of Rue, and the Almond leaf, and is driven away with that sooner than with any other thing.   

Of the Crab.  
THe Crab in Greek is called Kakrinos', in the Germans language Krebs: with the Frenchmen Crabe. Pliny used this Latin word Cancer, for a general or common name for all such as have, & wear shelled garments. The Crabs saith Lonicer have a portion of venom and that occult or hid coming from their tail in the middle of their backs by line or thread which kind of matter pulled out before they are sodden, leaveth the whole altogether pure and without corrupting.   

Of the Serpent Cerastes.  
CErastes the Serpent hath on both sides of his head, as it were the horns of a Ram, bending upward and wreathen all about. He lurketh saith Isidore in the high grass, wherein nothing can be espied of him saving only his horns, which thing the small Birds of the field espying, weening to find (as in all other dead bodies their horns, worms meat alone for their appetite and desire) they being busy and pickling on them not knowing this Serpent his deceit hid, are caught of him with a sudden twining of himself about them, and are so suddenly snared. The like wiles he useth with horse and man, to lie as though he were dead, or secretly as though there were none such, yet whilst they unawares tread upon him, he twineth about either them, and so stingeth them.   

Of the Coccatrise.  
THe Coccatrise by his Greek name should seem to have been sometime reckoned the Prince in his kind, for he is reported to be the king of all other Serpents. For all things living whatsoever they be, coming into fight with him, fly back. He is so poisonous that he killeth with his breath. There is no bird that escapeth him that cometh in his dent, but she is his own: yet Nature for this thing hath well provided. For they use to seek for the Weasel which will have this kind of serpent tamed. The greatest stature that it is of, is not above twelve inches or there about.   

Of the Crocodile.  
THe Crocodile is called yellow Snake for that he is in colour most Saffron like. Isidore in his twelve book. He is one of those kinds which always keep not in one and the same place, or which are not pleased long with Elements alike. One while he is conversant upon the earth, another while in the waters. He is of such hard skin, that being stroke in the back or body with violent stroke of stone or Iron s●ing, esteemeth it not a Rush. In the night time he harboureth in the waters, in the day time he liveth upon the earth. Aristotle saith, that the Crocodile alone amongst all other Creatures living moveth the upper lip, and keepeth the neither lip unmovable, contrary to all other herein. It is a most gluttonous serpent, and a very ravener, who when he is farced full, lieth all long by the Banks side belching and panting as though he would burst. Whereupon saith Tully, when he is in this case, and so far gone, a certain little small bird called of us the Wren or kings bird, of the Greeks Trochylos, flieth toward him, and often assayeth or he can come by his purpose, to go into his throat or entrails: but is repelled so long as he is awake: but falling once on sleep and opening his jaws as he useth being on sleep, the Wren goeth into his throat, and being within there a certain time by flickering and moving, causeth his throat to itch, wherewith he being delighted, at the last falleth on sound sleep. The Bird perceiving this, goeth further to his heart, and pecketh at it with her bill, and at the last gnaweth it out, and so feedeth herself full and escapeth away. The like thing is read of Enidros the Serpent, which creepeth in the grass of Nilus who being eaten down quick of the Crocodile, gnaweth his heart out in sunder within, and so killeth him.   

Of Chelidros the Serpent.  
Chelidros' the Serpent or of some in Greek Chersidros, is in placebeing, one of those kinds which be doubtful. For it is now abiding upon the earth now in the waters. This saith Isidore, maketh the earth smell well, or to have good breathing there where as it creepeth as Virgil describeth in these verses. 
Seu terga expirant spumantia virus  
Seu terra fumat teter quá labitur anguis.  
In question is it whether that  
The foamy flesh and rancored Sell  
Of Chelidros that poisonous Snake,  
Should give such odoriferous smell.  
Or that the earth by which this Snake  
Doth slide and glance along,  
Should give to the nose object so sweet  
Or minister scent so strong.  Isidore saith, that it goeth strait out in limb, and body, and findeth thereby a marvelous great ease: whereas if he should bow himself he should strain and hurt himself.   

Of Cencris.  
THe very like in this behalf, that Chelidros doth, the same doth Cencris, as Lucan reporteth of him thus.  
Et semper recto lapsurus limit Cencris.  
As Chelidros so Cencris doth  
in eke alike their sort▪  
By stretching forth their body, both  
in gliding find comfort.   

Of the Caddesse or Choffe.  
THe Caddesse was first called Monecula, and is now called Monedula, because it in finding money and gold hideth it. And upon this Tully in his Oration had for Valerius Flaccus hitteth him home with the like. Non tibi plus pecuniae est committendum quam Monedulae. I would commit money to thy custody no more than I would to a Daws.   

Of the Crane.  
THe Crane by proper name should be called whisperer, or flackerer, as Lucan hath of her thus. 
Et turbata petit dispersis litora pennis.  
In raging waves of the Seas stream  
the Crane by flacking wings,  
Hath pleasure passing all delight  
in this than in all things.  Their flight is on high, espying thereby what land they were best to take: by his voice they are all ruled which is their guide or leader, whose voice waxing hoarse, another strait ways taketh his room. In the night time they have their watch, every one of them nightly by course, and whosoever playeth the watch man lest he should sleep, hath a proviso: he holdeth fast in his claws little stones, which in their falling from him strait ways awaketh him. The other by his pain taking, sleep quietly and take their rest. Aristotle by obseruauncy had, much commendeth their flight beyond the Sea: It is done with such cunning and ease.   

Of the Cokow.  
THe Cokow in Greek is called Kokkux, with the Germans▪ Gauch, in the French tongue Cocou, and is of ashy colour, and in bigness as big as our Dove, building her nest most often in the Sallowes. In the spring time she cometh abroad: and or ere Dog days arise she is gone and hidden. Aelianus calleth her the wily bird or adulteress, for that she most commonly hatcheth her young in the Larks Nest or Siskins, which Siskin is not much unlike to the Goldfinch: whose young or brood she knoweth to be bred and borne in colour & bigness most like to her own, and therefore she is the bolder so to presume: whose Nests if she seeth good store or plenty of Eggs, she destroyeth certain of them, and in their place and number recompenseth and maketh them good with her own.   

Of the Cuttle.  
THe Cuttle is in colour very white, but she hath her fin black: she is called Sepia of a certain rotten humour that she hath: of the Greeks she is called Saepedoon, for that she aboundeth in black blood as it were ink, with the which when as she perceiveth any deceits wrought, she defendeth herself with dispersing it abroad in all the whole waters. And the water being so fouled, she goeth and hideth herself. The Germans call this Ein Blackfisch: the Frenchmen seek.   

Of the Dear.  
THe Deer the Latins call Dama▪ of some the fallow Deer is called Damula: Isidore thinketh, that it is so called (as by deriving it also we may know) for that it fleeth from our hands not knowing how to defend itself, but only through flight. In stead of his weapon he showeth us his heels as Martial in a manner witnesseth, thus reporting of the Dear, the Boar and the Hart.  
Dente tenet Aper defendunt cornua Ceruum  
P●ofugit é medio Damula. etc.  
By tooth and tusk the Boar catch hold  
and horns defend the Hart:  
The Dear being chaste all about  
with this hath his heart's smart.   

Of the Dragon.  
THe Dragon is the head and chiefest of all other Serpents, and flieth from his Den or Cave in the earth his hollowness up to the top of the broad air, and of Drágon in Greek, is englished flight. Pliny saith, that between the Dragon and the Elephant there is a natural war. Insomuch that the Dragon enrowleth & twineth about the Elephant with his tail, and the Elephant again with his snout used as his hand, supplanteth & beareth down the Dragon: The Dragon with twining about him holdeth fast, and with his might somewhat bendeth backward the head and shoulders of the Elephant, which being so sore grieved with such weight, falleth down to the ground, and in the fall the Dragon hath the worse, for that he falleth to the ground first, and is therewithal slain: but that other scapeth not scotfree, for with one another's hold and rushing to the ground the Elephant also is bruised, and often withal slain. Again they strive together after this sort. The Elephant espying him sitting on the fit of a tree, runneth as fast as he can with full but to that tree, hoping thereby to shake down the Dragon, and to give him a deadly fall: but in that he doth not after the wisest sort for himself. For the Dragon so falling, oftentimes lighteth on his neck or shoulders, and agrieveth him as with biting at his Nostrils, and pecking at his eyes, and sometime he dazzleth him, and goeth behind at his back and sucketh out of his blood, so that if he shaketh him not off betimes by such wasting of blood as he will make, thereby he is quickly enfeebled: he falleth down heavily with the Dragon also holding about him, and are killed both with so heavy and burdenous a fall.   

Of the Dromedary.  
THe Dromedary or that other kind of Camel, that hath two kibes or Bunches on his back, is of less stature than the other Camel is: but more swift in passage, of the which property he borrowed his name. Dromos in Greek is swift in course or running. He will go 100 miles and more in one day. They are gelt saith Avicen, in their youth, lest they should be thereby more slow or hindered in their journeying: and also lest they should (being at ripe age, provoked to venery as they journey) slack it oftentimes & draw backward, till that they have had their lust. It is such a kind saith Pliny, as is not covetous of variety or dainties. For after that it hath had never so long a journey, it is well content with grass and the Herb Dactylus, or the peony.   

Of the Dolphin.  
THe Dolphin saith Isidore, hath a fit name or vocable, fetched from a man his speech or sound, or for that they cluster together, and are all in one company, hearing the sweet sound of any Instrument. There is no Fish in the whole Sea so swift as this is: for oftentimes through that light and nimble leaping that they have they mount over the tops of Ships. Tully saith, that they are so much delighted with Music, that they have taken and carried the physician from out of the peril of the Sea to the Sea Banks. As when Arion Methimnaeus was thrown out of the Ship into the Sea, the Dolphins being their ready, took him on their backs and carried him to land.   

Of the Dog.  
THe Dog in the Latin hath almost the same name that he hath in Greek. Kunos' in Greek signifieth a shrill noise or sound, after a manner like to song. There is saith Tully, in the Dog a marvelous perceiverance and sharp sense to know who doth him good or who doth him the contrary: who maketh much of him, and who hurteth him. Therefore upon his Master he commonly fawneth: to strangers he is eager and cursed. In histories there is such record & testimony of their love had and borne to their Masters, that the Master by chance or casualty, or else by cruelty miscarrying, the Dog also even with his Master hath miscarried. Insomuch that we read of some, who having had but the sight of the dead Corpse of their Master, by lamentation, and by bewailing at his side never joyed after, but perished and famished with long howling & mourning. Pliny remembreth of a Dog which in Epiro a country in Grece, so assaulted the murderer of his Master in a great throng and assembly of people, that with fierce barking and biting, at the last he compelled him to confess his fault. In like sort did the Dog of one jason in Cicilie who being slain the Dog for sorrow would never eat meat after. The like love or gratitude (and somewhat more to be marveled at) is red of Titus Gabinius and his company, whereof one of them named Titius a Sabine, had a Dog (he being in Prison) that would never go further from him then to the ward or Prison Gate: whose Master a little while after, being condemned, and put to death or execution, and the dead body anon taken down from the Gallows, and lying dead there, the Dog sorrowed and howled most lamentably, and being compassed and hedged in with a great multitude of people, whereof one of them casting him meat thus howling to make him hold his peace, he carried it forthwith and put it to the mouth of his Master their lying dead, whose dead corpse anon after being thrown into Tiber the deep flood or River, the Dog swum after it hastily with intent to uphold and sustain it, with marvelous astonying and wonder of the people had, that such a kind of faith should be in a dumb beast. And so with heaving up his Master so long as he could, when as thorough weariness he could do so no more, they both drowned together and sank in the place alike. Pliny saith in his eight book and .41. Chapter, that of all beasts living with us and amongst us, of most assurance, trust and faith, is the Dog, and next after him the Horse. For better proof hereof we will adjoin one or two examples more. Celius a Senator in Placence a City of Ligurie, being on a time besieged and assaulted sore of his enemies, and witted not how to be kept from their hands, was kept off from them all by a Dog, never wounded or hurt till that the Dog in his masters quarrel was slain. We read also of Garamante the King, who being banished sometime from his Country, returned back home again, and brought with him .200. Dogs, which he used in warring against those that resisted him, and so conquered them. Amongst all kind of Dogs there are some so eager and stout stomached that they have mastered and been good enough for the Lion and Elephant. There was a Dog as we read sent as a present to the noble and great king Alexander, from the King of Albany, which at the first dash or onset given in the King his presence, daunted and toused the lion.   

Of the Eagle.  
THe Eagle of his eyesight most sharp and priest took first his name. Isidore saith, that he is of such sharp eyesight that he flying about in the top of the air in such height as he can not be seen over the Sea and waters, yet for all that, through his clear eyen, there is none so little a fish that swimmeth so nigh the waters top, but he seeth and espieth it, and thinking he may come by it, flieth swiftly down to the water where as she is, and ducking a little, doth so suddenly catch her, as gun-shot that is shot off, or that that is more swift. The chiefest property also that he hath else, is that he is good in finding out false play or adultery done: And this is his trial. He taketh his young when as they be young & tender, and have not full steadfastness in their eyes, and holdeth them with there eyes right opposite to the sun beams. Those that have constant and steadfast look not dazzled by such experiment, he holdeth legitimate and truly begotten, and hath ever good care after to them & their bringing up. The other that have their eyen twincle in their head, or which be dazzled at such proof had, he counteth them Bastards and misbegotten, and never after regardeth them, but repelleth them.   

Of Echeneis the fish.  
THe Fish Echeneis or Remora, staiship, amazeth also (even as the loadstone doth) the beholder by his hid and occult natural set or virtue. She coveteth the shipboard even as the loadstone doth Iron, he is said to be a good stay to the Ship, when as tempests arise: and with clea●ing fast, do stay the Ship be it never so great. Pliny saith, in his .9. Book and .25. Chapter that it is a very small Fish always accustoming and living amongst the rocks. Aristotle thinketh that this kind hath fat, placed in a manner like a birds wings.   

Of the Ele.  
THe Eel in Latin is called Anguilla. Isidor giveth the reason that it should be called so, for like figure saith he, to the Snake. Aristotle saith that it engendereth of the Mud: the chiefest that is marked in the Eel is that it is slippery, never the nearer katching or in assurance of her when thou hast her most fast in thy hand, but the harder that thou holdest her, the sooner she slippeth and escapeth out of thy hands. The flood Ganges hath Eels some .30. Foot long. They say, that the Eel being killed & addressed in wine whosoever chanceth to drink of that wine so used, shall ever after loath wine.   

Of the Elephant.  
THe Elephant came first by his name of the Greek verb Eléphio which signifieth huge or like a hill. He is of exceeding great body, his tusks are of ivory: his beck is helped with that snout that helpeth him even as our hand doth. The Medes and Persians use to carry in their warfare their castles and other preparance on the Elephants back: he is of good memory and long mindful of a good turn. Pliny saith, that amongst all the beasts of of the wild forest, he is most man's friend. Insomuch that if a man's journey lieth so, that he must needs through the Forest, (lest he himself so monstrous & huge) should first fear him, he goeth a little a side out of his way: further if the Dragon should assault the man, he goeth forthwith and warreth with the Dragon & keepeth him off from the man: so that whilst these two be at strife, the man passeth away. Aristotle saith, that this kind is without his Gall; & therefore it may be that he is so quiet and peaceable. Solinus saith, that they seem to have some skill in the art of Astronomy, and play the Physician his part every month in purgation taking & purging themselves: for after every new Moon they hawk after the clear rivers, & so wash off all filthiness, such as may cumber the body. After that they bathe them, & this being so done, they go again all frolic to their wonted pastures. And to the intent that their youth should keep good rule and not go at royet, they have them with them: such care have they over them. They have a marvelous and most honest shamefastness in the act of generation. Therefore when the time cometh that this must needs be done, the Female witting the Male his pleasure, goeth straying before towards the deserts of the East, & seeketh the most secret place where that their intent may be done and ended closely. The Male he anon hasteneth after & before their meeting or conjunction had together, they are busied awhile in seeking out the herb Mandrake, which the Female taketh and receiveth to make her of more fertile nature and pregnant: and the Male also eateth of it to procure a more earnest desire. Of all things that it standeth in fear of it is most afraid of the silly Mouse, which fretteth him then most when as he is tied to the Manger and cannot away.   

Of Ephemera the fish.  
EPhemera is a fish which ariseth in the Sea water even as the Bubble doth, where as much rain is. Whom jorach in his Book de Animalibus reporteth after three hours of the day to die.   

Of the Falcon.  
THe Falcon, is a bird of haughty stomach matching with birds a great deal bigger and mightier than himself, striking at them both with foot and breast.   

Of the Faun.  
THe Faun, or Hind Calf is called Hinnulus, for that at his Dams beck or nod, they are ready to come home from straying & riotting abroad in the parks or groves.   

Of the pheasant.  
THe pheasant hath yet no other name than it had first of the place whereas it was first found: and that is reported to be an Island in Grece, called Phasea from whence it was first fetched, as this Distichon showeth.  
Argiva primo sum transportata carina  
ante mihi notum nil nisi phasis erat.  
By Argolike ship I first was brought  
and showed to other lands  
Before that time I knew no place  
but the Island Phasis sands.   

Of the Flecke.  
THe Fleck saith Isidore, goeth with rolling foot, and hath often anfractes or turnings. He is naturally subtle, and hath many fetches to deceive one. For when he lacketh meat and wot not how to come by it, he hath this craft or wile. He lieth all along with every limb of body stretched out, very quietly even as though he were dead. The sielye Birds espying this, and weening thereby to have a great pray, fly to his Carcase, and are very busy about repasting. He, as they are unawares of him, suddenly snatcheth up with his Paws certain of them, and so pleasureth himself, and stencheth his hunger.   

Of the Frog.  
THe Frog saith Aristotle liveth quietly all the time of cold weather, and never stirreth abroad, until time of coite or conjunction. And then by croaking voice he allureth the Female & stirreth her to venery. There are Frogs called Seafrogs, of whom Tully speaketh after this sort. They overcover themselves with sand, a knack used of them to beguile the little Fishes, and as they come by them, they step out, and catch them and so swallow them up.   

Of the Flie.  
THe Fly in Latin is called Musca. It hath his name of the earth, even as the Mouse hath. This kind saith Isidore being drowned in the water, after one hours space quickeneth and reviveth. Aristotle saith, that they are engendered of the earths dung proportionably digested and ordered. There meat and drink is filth, and they of themselves are nothing else but filth.   

Of the Gnat.  
THe Gnat was first called Culex of her sting, wherewith she sucketh out blood: she hath in her mouth a Cundite or pipe in a manner like a thorn or prick: wherewith she soon pierceth to the flesh, & cometh by our blood.   

Of the Gylthead.  
THe Gylthead is a noble kind of fish, and only for a Gentleman's tooth. The Latins call it after their vocable or word golden fish, as also the Greeks, Chrusophrus, say they is the golden fish, so called for that his head representeth the right colour of Gold. The Germans call it Ein Gold forn: the Frenchmen Truitte. Aelianus saith that it is at continual strife with the Dolphin.   

Of the goshawk.  
THe goshawk is a Bird of far better stomach than claw: and is called Accipiter of a certain greedy desire, she hath to catch the other small Birds. She is very extreme and sore towards her young. For after that they be once feathered, and are able to fly abroad, she hath them forth with her, and beateth them in the air with her wings, and is somewhat rigorous to make them seek their meat alone. And so by sharp usage they have no joy to tarry with their Dam, but every one goeth his way, and provideth best for himself.   

Of the grasshopper.  
THe grasshopper of some is called the Cricket, it hath his name of his shrill & sharp voice. He useth to go backward, and loveth to dig and bore in the hard earth and mortered places. He is heard most in the night time. Isidore saith, that the little Aunt or Emite hunteth him, he not seeing it for his long hair hanging down: which followeth him into his Lodge and to espy him the more clearly, bloweth away the dust as he goeth, & so coming near him, claspeth him about in his arms, and at the last stingeth him to death, and so cometh by his prey.   

Of the Gotebuck.  
THe Gotebucke is very wanton or lascivious, very much given to venery, and always prone to it minding conjunction: whose eyes for insatiate lust thereof, turneth in his head and lie as it were but in one only angle or corner of his brow. He is of such excessive who●e nature that his only blood being kept warm suppleth the Adamantstone, and dissolveth it whereas no fire is able to do it.   

Of the Griffin.  
THe Griphin is a Fowl of plentiful and thick feather, & four footed withal. This kind of Fowl is said to live in the Hills or Mountains, called Hiperborei, which be as some say, set in the farthest part of the North right under the Northpole. In their head they be like the Lion, in wing & flight like the Eagle. It is said to be envious both to Horse and man.. Some say that they are set to keep the Precious stones as the Smarage, the jasper and so forth of such as grow there. And to look to them.   

Of the Hare.  
THe Hare is called lightfoot after the Greek word Prox is a swift runner. It hath no defence for itself, but only swift ●light. Wherewith it eftsoons escapeth. They sleep not as others do their eyelids being shut. Aristotle saith in his third book de Historia amimalium, that his feet is hairy beneath towards his paw, (which thing in others is never espied.)   

Of the Hearon or Hernsew.  
THe Hearon or Hearnsew is called Ardea for mounting aloft. It can not abide showers of rain, but to be out of their dent, she flieth far above the cloudy Region of the Air, there where as rain is engendered. With this her high flight, she serveth some to prognasticate ill weather.   

Of the Hercynie Birds.  
HErcynie Birds take their name of the place where they breed, the place is called Hercinia, a Wood in Germany, being in breadth xi days journey: in length xl whose feathers shine so by night, & when as the Air is shut in, that although the night be never so dark and close, yet they give then their best light: so that to a man journeying they are to his great furtherance, being cast before him in the way whereas he goeth.   

Of the Hedgehog.  
THe Hedgehog hath a sharp and quickthorned garment on his back: He presageth by such skill as he hath, what blasts of winds, what tempests will follow. Pliny saith, that he hath good knowledge in the difference of the Northern and Southern winds, whereupon he saith; that on a time a certain man in the City Constantinople kept a Hedgehog in his Gardaine, by which he would always know whether of these two winds blue, truly and infallibly. He is as good a meats man and Catour for himself, as any thing living is. For when his victuals be scant or nigh well spent, he getteth abroad to Orchards and groves, where he hunteth after vines and other the best fruit. At the vine (as likewise at the Apple tree) he playeth his part thus: He goeth up to the boughs & shaketh them down When he hath perceived he hath shaken down enough, he cometh apace down, and gathereth the Grapes or Apples dispersed abroad together: and when he hath done, he falleth heavily upon the heap, and so almost on every prickle or brestle he getteth an Apple or Grape and home he goeth.   

Of the Horse.  
Horse's at the first were called Equi, as they be yet, for that they were coupled by pair and Mates, and were so used to the Chariot or Wagon. Of some they are called Sonipedes, for noise making with their feet. They be of that sort that are well stomached: their pastime is by coursing and running in the fields. They know well and are acquainted with the sound of the Trumpet, and therewith have the better will to war. It is a grief to them to be conquered, and they are as jocund if they win. Some of them have such memory that they know their Adversary, & will (when it shall happen) wait them a good turn. Some will not suffer no other man to come on their back save only their Master, as Bucephalus King Alexander the great his Horse. Pliny saith, that there is a certain observancy in kindred and blood with these. Aristotle in his 8. book de animalibus, recordeth of a King in the North, which had a very fair Mare, who brought forth a very fair fool or young horse. and within few years after (esteeming so much this kind) was very desirous to have more of the same brood. Insomuch that he shut them up always in Stable together. This done of a long time, and espying them nothing forward in this point, thought he would work a policy with them, as he did. For after that, he separated them the one from the other: Insomuch that the one mought forget the other. And after such time had, and the Dam so attired & used, that the Colt should espy no apparent sign that she should be his Dam, was brought to the Mare thus used, frolic and lusty, and he not knowing of this, and unwitting, fell anon to conjunction, and ere he had ended (the Dam's face by chance discovered) he was by and by at this daunted, departing as it were in a frenzy, and running up upon a certain Mountain, threw down himself headlong, and died.   

Of the jay.  
THe jay by that only property that is applied to him, is called the chatting Bird. Whereof arose first this Proverb, bestowed upon such men as be never well, but when they be prattling: Graculus graculo assidet: One knave or prattler will always accompany another. And again: Graculo cum fidibus nihil. And toucheth them that lacketh both eloquence and learning, scorn at them which have both.   

Of Ibis the Bird.  
Ibis' the Bird of the flood Nilus purgeth herself with pouring in with her bill, ●ater into her fundament as Isidore witnesseth: she liveth by the eggs of Serpents, & carrieth them to her nest: & feedeth thereof, as of the best meat that she is delighted with. This bird profiteth Egypt very much, and is the best riddance or conveyance that they have, of such discommodities as be brought by Serpents out from Libya to Egypt by the Southrenes winds. Pliny in his eight Book.   

Of the Lapwing.  
THe Lapwings name is borrowed Apo tou ololuzeìn, that is, of sorrowing and heavy note or cry: for when he crieth, he mourneth & lamenteth, wherefore in old time the soothsayers & Augurers took heed to his cry, & did prognosticate thereby ill wether to come. And when as this kind lamented, they said it betokened heavy tidings to come, when she flew quietly, they professed prosperity thereby and good luck for to come.   

Of the Lark.  
THe Lark of many is called Woodlarke. He foreshoweth with his pleasant note (as also the Nightingale doth) the day his coming & appearing, as Cicero showeth in his Prognostickes.  
Et matutinos exercet acredula voces.  
The wodlarke as the Nightingale  
that hour and tune doth keep  
And showeth by her pleasant note  
when men should rise from sleep.   

Of the Leech or bloodsucker.  
THe Leech or bloodsucker is a worm of the water, very desirous of bloodsucking. She lieth in wait for such kind of cat-tail as come to the water to drink, and cleaveth fast & twineth about their hooves, & drinketh blood her fill: when she hath so done she vomiteth it forth again, and falleth to fresh blood anew.   

Of the fish Lucius.  
LVcius of many men is called the Macrell. The Germans call it Ein Macrell. The Latins Lucius, by the figure Antiphrasis, which is when a word hath a contrary signification. They say that this fish keepeth always at the very bottom of the waters, so avoiding as it were all clear light, whither when as the fishermen by night sail with firebrand & torch, so that they espy it, they amazed there at and astonied in their flight are so caught.   

Of the Lamprey.  
THe Lamprey in Greek is called Muraina, with the Germans Ein Bricken: there is of this kind two sorts, both differing in colour. For the one is black in colour, died among with ashy spots: the other is white having black spots. She swimmeth all whole in flexible sort, and all alike bending her body: above the land she creepeth no other wise than our serpents do. The best of this stock or kind are those that be called Flutae, in Greek Plootai, good sailors or flutes, for that they keeping always at the waters highest can not be drowned. Antonia, Drusus wife had such delight in a Lamprey that she dressed and arrayed her all over with gold Rings, and the same beset about with precious Stones. Likewise Crassus by surname the rich, so loved a Lamprey of his own bringing up, that when she died he lamented sore, and bestowed also great cost of her burying. And when as he was laughed to scorn of Lucius Domitius for so doing, he gave him this answer. Thou marvelest saith he, why I so bewail this Fish's death. But I marvel more at him that having had the loss of three wives, never yet for aught that I could see, bewailed it. This Domitius is reported to have poisoned three Wives for hope that he had of reward or greater riches thereby.   

Of the leopard.  
THe leopard is a very tyrant & adulterous also in his kind: as saith Pliny. The Lioness and leopard having conjunction together, or the Lion and Libardesse, bring forth a third kind, even as the Horse and Ass, or he Horse and Mare do. The Female saith Aristotle, is more cruel than the Male, his colour is bespotted about: his upper part of body, and his feet also, and tail are all alike to the Lion in outward show. But in the head they have their difference: In body he is less than the Lion. And by that means he is even with the Lion, and not behind him in revenging as Homer witnesseth. He hath his cabbage in the earth with two contrary ways undermined to enter into it, or to run out of it at his pleasure: very wide at the coming in, but as narrow and strait about the mid cabbage: whether his enemy the Lion running sometimes after him, and a pace, at the first coming in thither is narrowly penned: Insomuch that he cannot neither get forward, nor backward. That seeing the leopard, he running a pace out at the further hole, and cometh to that whereas the Lion first ran in, and having him hard penned, & his back towards him, bighteth & scratchet him with tooth and Nail. And so by art the leopard getteth the victory, and not by strength. The same Leopard also saith Pliny, seeketh after the brood of the wild goat intending therewith to recover his health.   

Of Lynx the beast.  
LYnx in face is like to the Lion, in body bespotted like the Panther, his urine is of that set or nature, that it turneth by and by into a precious stone, which we before called Ligurius. He so envieth man, and would that he should not be the better for this, that he hideth and covereth his urine with dust & earth, to the intent that no man should find it, but Pliny saith it is so much the better in his effect & working.   

Of the lion.  
THe Lion in his greek vocable and word is interpreted King: he is reported to be the King over all other beasts. There are divers of this kind▪ they only differing in their Mane either long or short. His strength is in his head. His virtue in his heart, he sleepeth (as the Hare doth) with eyelids unshut. When he awaketh forth out of sleep, he rubbeth out the print of his body and steps, lest the huntsman espying them, should easily find him out. He is very gentle to man & never hurteth him unless he be greatly injuried by him, or that he is thoroughly an hungry. He knoweth saith Pliny, when the Lioness hath played him false play, and hath played the Adulteress with the Libard, by a certain rammish smell or sweat which ariseth of them both. Yet if she washeth herself thoroughly, she may deceive him. Aristotle saith, that the Lioness at the first birth or brood bringeth forth most of her young: then after that, she lesseneth every brood one. For at the first, she bringeth forth five: at the second time, four: at the third time, three: at the fourth time, two: at the fift, one: and ever after that, she is sterile and barren. Of their remembrance of a good turn I need not speak, or how they have done man a good turn one for another. As that which had a thorn in her Claw being helped of one named Androdus, & eased thereof: even when as he through envy was delivered up to be punished, & thrown into her Den, that Lioness that he eased so before, did then well remember him. As also I need not to speak how God oftentimes bridleth in all beasts devouring whatsoever, to show his pleasure and possibility what he can do and work by means of these. There was a fierce & hungry Lion let lose to Darius the Martyr, which not only hurt him not, but also preserved him from the cruelty of other brute beasts. As likewise Daniel scaped scotchfrée by God's providence, turning the fierce countenance of that Lion that his enemies had thought would have soon devoured him into a fawning and cheerful look, not once having power to hurt him. Hamo a Carthagien borne, is first reported to have tamed the Lion.   

Memnonides or the Birds of Egypt.  
MEmnonides or the Birds of Egypt are named of the place where Memnon the Son of Thiton which came to the aid and rescewing of the Troyans' died, and is buried. They are said to fly by companies out of Egypt to old Troy, to Memnon his Sepulchre, and to be only his memorial: and are therefore called of some the Trojan Memnonides, as Isidore recordeth in his twelve Book. Every fift year they fly to Troy, and fly about Priam his Palace, and that two whole days space, the third day they make battle between themselves, and do torment and slay one another with their sharp nails & beck.   

Of the Moth.  
THe Moth is our Garment worm, and by his latin word is called Tinea holdefast, for it biding in one place in the Garment never leaveth it, till it be gnawn and eaten forth thorough. Isidore saith, it mought be named Pertinax, perverse, for that it urgeth always upon one and the same place. Aristotle saith, that the Moth sucketh out of the Garment all humour, and leaveth it marvelously dry.   

Of the Mouse.  
THe Mouse after Isid. is counted the smallest living beast, and is named Mus quasi humus, earth or earthy. It hath his growth at the full Moon, as other and sundry kinds have. It is for his bigness a very ravener or gréedigut, and for a little meat is often soon entrapped. It smelleth his victuals a far off, and cometh the sooner to them by smell.   

Of the Mule.  
THe Mule of the Latin word Mola, which signifieth grinding at the Mill, took his first name. For he being put into the Mill, is there, where he should be. He is engendered of a Mare and an Ass (as of an Horse and an Ass also) is engendered the Mulet. Pliny saith, that the Ass and the Mare do never covet copulation together, except they have been from their youth forth accustomed and brought up together: And be fed with the self same meat, as Milk and such others. Aristotle saith, that the more the Mule drinketh water, the more his meat doth him good.   

Of the Nightraven or Nightcrow.  
THe Nightraven or Crow is of the same manner of life that the Owl is, for that she only cometh abroad in the dark night, fleeing the daylight and Sun. There is a certain Shrickowle or Owlet which when she crieth, she shricketh and is thought to be one of this kind. Whereof Lucan speaketh thus.  
Quodque strepens Bubo quod Strix nocturna queruntur.  
That that the Owl by noise doth make  
and howling voice doth fear:  
That doth the shricking Strix and shrill  
with note unpleasant to hear.   

Of the Nightingale.  
THe Nightingale was named first, of good melodi● loving, or for having delight to frame and sing a pleasant and sweet note. With her pleasant tune she playeth every day before the Sun his arising a fit of mirth, and is very melodious to welcome the sun as it were a Bridegroom coming. She is called in Greek Aaedoon of aei and ado, which is to sing continually: she is one of those also which do prognosticate as Aratus saith. In histories we read that many Caesars or Emperors, especially those which were of the youngest sort, have had Nightingales & Starlings or stars that have been well instructed and taught both in the Greek & Latin tongue. As there was also a Crow in Rome, which being framed and taught to that purpose, every morning would fly to the Court Hostilia over the river Tyberis to salute Garmanicus Caligula the Emperor his Father, and Drusus, Emperor also, & then next after the whole body of Rome. This Crow is said to be Apollo's bird: As the Eagle jupiters': the Crane, Palamedes: the King's fisher, Thetis the mother of Achilles. Merthes also the King of Egypt had a Crow so taught and instructed, that whither soever he had bidden him go, either to carry or to fetch letters, he was not ignorant whither to fly, & by that means did his masters message speedily. But to return to the Nightingale from whence we first came. Pliny saith, that in the spring time she most commonly bringeth forth sixth eggs, and to the intent that her grief in traveling should not be sore or great, she passeth away most of the night with pleasant songs. Whole fifteen days at the spring time or at the budding forth of leaves, she continually singeth. This kind doth often strive between themselves, and being almost dead, yet to the very end he will rather want of his breath, then leave off his song. This bird sang as Histories make mention in Stesichorus mouth, he being an Infant or child: even as Bees slew about Plato's mouth he being on sleep in the Cradle, and left there some part of there Honey: and as the self same kind also sat without hurting him, upon Ambrose his mouth, he being a child. And as upon rich Midas the Phrygian, he being young, pismires filled his mouth with wheat, whereof every one of these, & such like have their hid signification.   

Of the Onocentaur.  
THe Onocentaur is a Beast monstrous, half a Bull & half an Ass. Onos in Greek is translated into our speech, an Ass. But some Philosophers think that he is in body half a man and half an Ass. For from the Navel upward say they, it hath the figure of a Man, and downward to the foot it resembleth an Ass. Of this opinion is Pliny. These and such like monsters are nothing else but Nature's dallying, and showing how she can vary and alter things in their kind, as we may plainly see in the Hippocentaure, in the Faun & Satire, which Indie breedeth. It is fabled with the Poets, that Ixion, juno's Secretary, provoked her to venery, which thing jupiter understanding, made by and by a certain Cloud to appear like juno to his eyes, with whom he being incensed, & in lecherous love (nothing supposing but that it was juno) besprent his seed upon the Cloud, and thereupon were engendered those Monsters which are called Centauri; otherwise Genitauri, quod ex aura sint geniti.   

Of Orix.  
ORix is a small beast and watery, of that Nature that the Dormouse is, for he liketh the better through good nourishment and long sleep. All winter long he snorteth, and is as he were dead, but in Summer awaketh and taketh life again.   

Of the Owl.  
THe Owl is called the dastardly Bird: she is of such sloth and sluggishness, she hath feathers enough to fly abroad day and night: But the sluggard sleepeth all day long, most commonly, it liveth in old Sepulchres, and in Housen or Barns not often frequented, and in caverns or holes of stone walls, of which thing Ovid hath these verses. 
Faedaque sic volucris venturi nuncia luctus,  
Ignauus Bubo dirum mortalibas omen.  
That filthy Bird and Messenger  
of sorrows ill to come:  
The sluggish Owl hath been to man  
most often danger some.  For if in the City in the daytime they had espied her, they gathered hereof some sorrow to come. The I'll of Crete is void of this kind. They are dedicated to Minerva. There is also a Shrickowle which is always helden unlucky. Of this kind one sat upon Pyrrhus his Spear he marching forward in battle ray toward the Grecians army, & portended and foreshowed sinister and ill fortune. This kind, as the abovesaid, is hated of all other birds, against whom she useth a very crafty kind of warring. For if the company of small birds be many, she lieth groveling & fighteth with her feet: and covereth herself all over with her Bill and Claws. Pliny saith that the Buzzard or Kite rescueth him oftentimes thorough a certain natural agreement or truce had between them. Nigidius witnesseth with Pliny, that this kind lur●keth and sleepeth lx. days throughout Winter, and hath nine voices or sounds. These be very plentiful in Athens: Insomuch that they have brought forth their Proverb. Noctuas Athenas mittere: In Grammatical sense: to send over Owls to Athens In Tropical sense, meant of such as bestow largely upon them that have no need: and much after that that we say, to cast water into the Thames.   

Of the Panther.  
THe Panther is every living Creatures friend, except only the Dragon, whom he hateth deadly. He is in his colour bespotted and in every part of his skin or hide, he showeth as it were eyes. He loveth exceedingly all other kinds, such as be like him, as the Leopard. etc. The Female never beareth young but once in her time for all. The reason is for that she never ioieth at the first birth or brood, whereof she being mindful ever after with what pain she brought forth, never seeketh more after it. Pliny to this giveth another reason, all beasts saith he of sharp Claws or Nails, do never bring forth often. The Panther his smell or breath, to all things living except the Dragon, is most delectable and pleasant. Insomuch that all the other follow after her, moved with that her scent. So that by that means when as she is thoroughly hungry she cometh by some of them to her prey. The Dragon flieth back and can not away with her smell. Pliny writeth that a Panther fawned upon the father of one Philenus a Philosopher, that he should help her out with her young that were fallen into a miry Lake or Pit. In the former feet they have five toes: but in their hinder feet four only.   

Of the Partridge.  
THe Partridge is called the fleeting bird, never settled or stayed upon one thing: Therefore oftentimes in that which he goeth about he loseth his labour. For he taking away other Birds their Eggs, and bringing them up as his own, doth not for all this greatly profit himself thereby, for so soon as those young can hear but their own and Native Dam's note, they leave their Stepmother or Nurse's food by and by. The Male destroyeth his own Eggs often: lest that the Females care in hatching them up or sitting on them should hinder him from venery using: he is so lascivious. The seventh day also after their hatching, he banisheth them and thrusteth them out of his Nest. He is consecrated to jupiter & the Goddess Latona, and Apollo his father. He purgeth himself with Laurel. Beotia is without these.   

Of the Parrot.  
THe Parrot hath all her whole body green, saving that only about her neck she hath a collar or Chain naturally wrought like to Sinople or Uermelon. Indie hath of this kind such as will counterfeit readily a man's speech: what words they hear, those commonly they pronounce. There have been found of these that have saluted Emperors: give them Wine and they will be wanton enough: they are as hard in their head as in their Beak or Bill: When they learn to speak they must be beaten with an Iron Rod, or else they feel it not: Pliny saith that in a certain Wood called Gagandes this kind was first found: of all other Fowls she and the Turtle Dove have greatest friendship.   

Of the Peacock.  
THe Peacock, had his name first with us, of the self-same note that he himself singeth daily, whose flesh is so hard that it cannot easily be sod or roasted: His jolly bravery in himself is through setting up his feathers aloft, and at his espying in himself so many gay colours: but having his fill at the length with so goodly a show, in his upper parts, & casting his look towards his base feet, seeing himself therein deformed, forgetteth by and by all the former conceit of pride, and thereby is brought to acknowledge himself. He is said to be juno's bird. The Female conceiveth not until she be three years old: at what time she then beginneth to be so arrayed in colours: There is noted in this kind both self-love▪ as in her former property: & envy also, for that she will rather hide away her dung, than that man should have profit thereby, being many ways medicinable. Hortentius the Orator killed first the Peacock that was tasted whither that he was meat meet for a man, yea or no. And there is also a report that Alexander the great, seeing once a Peacock in Indie so marveled at that sight that by a commandment given, he charged that no man in pain of death, should slay or kill so fair a bird. The Dove and the Peacock are very great friends.   

Of the Perwincle.  
THe Perwincles in Greek are called Kokliai, whereof some be of the Sea: other of floods, others of the earth. They are always clothed with one and the same shalt. The Poets call this and the Snail also, Domiporte, that is their house cariour. And this is the fable that they father upon them. When jupiter had bidden all creatures & things living to a feast or banquet: these kinds of all other made no appearance: jupiter therefore demandeth the cause or reason of their absence, who gave him this answer. Quae domus cara, eadem domus optima. Which is, that house or mansion place which is most esteemed that we reckon the best. At the which answer, jupiter being stirred, he commanded them to their own house or lodge as to perpetual prison, and that whither soever they went, they should carry their House and Home with them upon their backs.   

Of Phoenix the bird.  
Phoenix is a bird of Arabia, of marvelous long life, she liveth above six hundredth and sixty years, and at the last being weary of her life, goeth to the groves there, and gathereth small slips and twigs of such kind of trees as be both extreme hot & odoriferous withal as is Cinomon and such like: and so bestreweth her nest, commonly made in the highest fir trees, & next to the Sun: and flying thither lieth voluntarily in her nest, abiding both the burning of the spice & Sun, and therewith is consumed to ashes. And of those ashes animated by the Sun, and other Planets, ariseth another Phoenix, which maintaineth and continueth the kind from time to time. Some have the opinion that no man ever ●aw her eat. She is consecrated to Sol: Pliny saith that there was one of these brought into the City of Rome when Claudius was Censor. The year of the City .800.   

Of the Pelican.  
THe Pelican is a bird in Egypt, dwelling amongst the deserts of Nilus. She is said of Jerome, to revive those of her young which in her absence have had their blood sucked of Serpents, whereupon they died. And she reviveth them by wounding herself, and pouring into them certain of her own blood, and so within three days, they which were so dead, revive & quicken again. Volateranus saith that that is the Pelican which Pline calleth Platea, commonly the shoveler: but other do not herein agree. This Platea is a bird which flieth to the shellfishes of the water, and eateth her fill of them, which being made very tender through heat in her belly: she vomiteth them up again that after the shell being once opened she may come by their meat with more ease.   

Of the Perch.  
THe Perch in Greek is called Perkae: with the Germans Ein Bersig with the Frenchmen perch: some think that it is called Parca by Antiphrasis, signifying another thing then the word showeth. For with whom soever she is angry, she woundeth him with her ●innes, or if she can not come by him, they are sure to have it that are next to her. There is hereof both Male and Female. But they have their difference: for the Male hath his ●innes red, the Female hath not so. Lonicer saith that when as the fish Lucius is hurt or sore wounded of any other kind, and can not help herself, she seeketh out the Perch, which so soon as she sees him, she toucheth and suppleth his wounds: and so is she healed. It is a fish of very tender meat or flesh. As Ausonius recordeth of her thus.  
Nec te delitias mensarum Parca silébo.  
Amongst the kinds of delicate meats,  
the Perch I would have spread:  
Whose flesh so soft and morsel sweet  
in all feasts is the head.   

Of the Puttock.  
THe Puttock saith Isidore, got his name of his soft flight. Miluus saith he, is, quasi mollis, soft of flight. It is one of the ravenous sort, making havoc of the small birds. Tully in his second book De natura Deorum saith, that the Puttock and the Raven or Crow be at natural enmity together. Insomuch that one of them (when they may come by them) breaketh another's Eggs. Aelianus thinketh that the Male in this kind is seldom or never seen. Insomuch that the Female stretching herself along and conversant toward the East and south, conceiveth so & bringeth forth young. They also bear a continual hatred to the Fox.   

Of the Pye.  
THe Pie is reckoned Mars his bird. It had his Latin name first of Pycus Saturn's son which in his prophesying and soothsaying used this bird: as Ovid witnesseth. By Greek name he is called the Okes grief, for that with his Bill he pecketh & maketh hollow the Oak with such daily accustoming. In one and the self same day he changeth his tune.   

Of Rhinoceros.  
RHinoceros in Greek is interpreted horned beast or Monoceron, and is englished the Unicorn. Pliny in his eight book saith, that his Horn is set above his nostrils. His continual strife is with the Elephant, & useth to defend himself thus. When he seeth his enemy come, he whetteth his Horn against sharp stones, & then setteth on: and in his fight wardeth and foyneth at the Elephant his belly, the most tender part that he hath, and so riddeth him.   

Of Rinatrix the Serpent.  
RInatrix is a Serpent which with enuenoming poisoneth the water, so that into what clear Fountain or River he swimmeth, he infecteth it, as Lucan witnesseth.  
Rinatrix violator Aquae. etc.  
The Rinatrix of Serpent's kind  
and the poisonous Snake:  
With intermeddling doth infect  
each Pond and every Lake.   

Of the Salamander.  
THe Salamander as Pliny saith, is like the Lizard in face and countenance. He infecteth the fruits of Trees, and corrupteth the waters so that whosoever drinketh thereof dieth by and by. He liveth only in the fire and is nothing hurt through the fire his flame.   

Of the Salmon.  
THe River Rhenus and Rhodanus in this kind do alone excel. The fish itself is big and fat. His meat or flesh is red: in taste very sweet: the Germans call it Ein Salmen. The Frenchmen Saulmon. Pliny in his ix book and xviij Chapter, preferreth her before all those Sea fishes, which accustom to Aquitania the flood, which are many and great, and reckoned dainty.   

Of the Scorpion.  
THe Scorpion is a Serpent of the earth, stinging deadly with his tail and of some is called flattering worm, for fair face showed and friendly countenance. But if any man come near her behind she payéth him home. Pliny saith that it bringeth forth young sometime seven at once, whereof, the Dam eateth up five of them, but the other the wisest of them, get about their Mother's back and buttocks, and so bite her. This kind slayeth his parents, and hath only care to revenge their Brother's quarrel: and in that point Nature well provided that their should be no great multiplying in so perilous a stock and kind. Orion when as he had made that boast that the earth should bring forth no such Monster but he would kill it: the earth itself cast up such a Scorpion as slew him in the presence of the people with most sharp sting.   

Of the Silkworm.  
THe Silkworm is the Tree or his branches worm, by whose web weaving silks are made. She is called Bombix, for that she leaveth nothing in her belly but empty air whilst she is about spinning of her thread.   

Of the Sole.  
THe Sole Varro calleth Lingulaca, for his great sound. The frenchmen Sole: It is a kind of fish all plain: of very soft meat or flesh, and easy to digest.   

Of the Sow.  
THe Sow is called Sus, of rooting up the clots of the earth with her beak or snout. She beareth saith Pliny, sometime four, sometime five at once, sometime more, but cannot bring them all well up, and therefore eateth up some of them: & it hath been seen, that she hath eaten up all her brood, save only the oldest, whom she most entirely loveth, and him she feedeth most often, & giveth him or her the best teat. As Aristotle saith.   

Of the shoveler.  
THe shoveler is called Platalea saith Tully, he getteth his meat with flight had to those birds that déeving down to the waters to catch fish, drown themselves, or if any come out with any pray, he meeteth them & presseth their heads, till they let go that which they have caught.   

Of the Sparrow.  
THe Sparrow is called Passer a Paruitate, of small or little quantity. Tully in his Divination saith, that they should be in those kinds that are noted to prognosticate: for saith he, that kind of divination which is marked by event, or animadversion, is not natural but artificial: & of these some be perceived to be done by sudden conjecture, as Calcas with Homer, which through a certain number of small Sparrows, prophesied and divined before of the City of Troy his siege. It is in his kind very lascivious and rioting. It flieth in his extremity always to man for help. Severus the Abbot had a Sparrow, that for fear came flying to rescue him into his hands, & was glad to take meat at his hands, he reaching it him.   

Of Stellio.  
STellio the starred and speckled beast saith Pliny, liveth most by the dew of Heaven, and spirit of the earth. And all his best jollity is in counterfeiting colours, & yet for all that is venomous.   

Of the Swallow.  
THe Swallow, saith Aristo. in his six book de Animalibus, maketh her nest & breedeth twice in the year, and that is done so artificially, as man cannot devise to better it. Isidore saith, that he is so named for eating his meat as he flieth about in the air, or for often turning and retire had to one and the same place. Aristotle saith in the same book that the eyen of his young whilst they be tender, being hurt, he fecheth strait ways medicine at the herb Calcedonies' hand. She is one of those kinds also that foretell things afterwards to come. Cecinna a Volateran & Knight in Pompey's camp when as he had come by certain Swallous he sent them as messengers before of victory won to all his friends, & that was done with letters tied about their feet which they carried speedily and roundly.   

Of the Swan.  
THe Swan is called the sweet singing Bird, for that (as it were in footed verse) before her death she joyeth. In the shipmen's note or rule, the Swan prophesieth lucre & good luck, as these verses seem to declare. 
Cygnus in auspicijs semper laetissimus ales  
Hunc optant nautae quia se non mergit in undis.  
A token of good luck it is  
the joyful Swan to see  
Which hideth not herself in sea  
but will with Shipmen be.  She is fairly feathered & white, but in flesh most black. She is one of those that knowing what uncleanness cometh by venery, before she goeth to food, will to the waters to purge and make clean herself. This is Apollo's bird. There is a fable with the Poets that this Swan was altogether Phaeton's love, & that after the fall of his proud and presumptuous request, he was turned into this kind of Bird. Pythagoras' thought that the soul or spirit of the Swan was immortal, and therefore said he it is, that she joyeth so when as death calleth for her.   

Of the Stork.  
THere is in the Stork a marvelous piety or gratitude, which for such pains taking as there parents had with their young, when they could not shift for themselves, the young promise (as in deed they do) to acquit and recompense the same when their Parents wax feeble and can not help themselves. Those of Thessaly nourish and maintain this kind to be rid of Serpents wherewith they be greatly annoyed. Aelianus saith that through the benefit of the Gods perceiving them to be so kind as we abovesaid, this kind in certain islands, were translated into Mankind. The Image of the Stork in old time was wont to be printed and graven in the King's Sceptre & Diadem, to the intent that men should have eyesight of piety or gratitude in their Prince so figured and painted. Their chiefest food is the Herb Origanum or Origan.   

Of Stockfish.  
STockfish in Greek is called Salpae, with the Germans Stockfish. Aristotle saith that it is a very miry fish: and which can never be well sodden unless it be beaten with a rod or wand. Amongst the Germans it hath raised a Proverb, which is, Salpa pelutantior aut lascivior: Moore foolish or wanton than a Stockfish: applied to such as have their minds set upon wantonness: and which will do nothing of their own will unless they be compelled to it. With the Germans it is after this sort. Er fantasiert ein Stockfish. In the person of this Laurentius Lippius dallied with a Distich or double verse on this wi●e.  
Salpa, obscenus ego dicor, nec decoquor unquàm  
Ni ferula caedens verbera multa dabis.  
As a muddy Stocfish I am  
which never will be sod,  
Unless she hath good store of stripes  
and be beaten with Rod.   

Of Taxus or the Badger.  
TAxus, of some Melus, of Melos one of the Isles called Cyclades, which for full & plentiful fleece of wool, is called Melota. This saith Pliny, hath a certain wily head to deceive, and daunt his enemies, the Spaniel, & Fox, for being in danger to be taken in hunting, keepeth in his breath with constraint had thereof, and in so doing, his flesh and skin puffeth up, and swelleth so, that he being thereby bitten, feeleth no sore▪ He is a good provider for himself also, and hath a forecast in time & weather. His house is some hollow Cave in the earth, in divers sorts diversly wrought: so that on whatsoever side thereof the wind is blustering, he turneth his tail and keepeth off cold, so from the rest of his body, and at the other contrary hole, he taketh both air and breath. It is also careful in laying up store for Winter, both the He and She: Insomuch that when the nipping cold Frosts come (at which time all living things are most hungry) he fearing the Female to lavish and to be no sparer of such victuals as they have, and fearing least (if they should so be spent) they should both famish, stenteth the Female, and giveth her her task, wherewith she being moved and as crafty as he, espying her time when and how she may come to the Lawder or Uittailehouse, he not espying her, finding such opportunity as she looketh for, goeth another way to the Uiander and victuals, and there eateth her fill, and cometh again stealing and s●inketh into his company without any surmise or suspect had of his part of any such kind of deceit. The crafty Fox also is his natural enemy, who espying him to come forth of his Den or Cabbadge, hasteneth thither and annoyeth the place with filthy excrements.   

Of the Tench.  
THe Tench liveth whereas much Mud and Mire is. The Germans call it Ein Schlein, which kind of fish unless it be well cleansed from such infections as it hath, is very hurtful. Ausonius calleth it the poor man's dish, for that in the old time it was only the poor man's meat or dish: of the wealthiest men little set by. And in this sentence or verse he seemeth to show the same.  
Quis non & virides vulgi solatia, Tincas norit?  
Who doth not know the Tench to be  
the poor man's meat or fish  
Which to him once bequeathed was  
to be his chiefest dish.   

Of the Tiger.  
THe Tiger is a beast of most swift foot, or flight, and of all beasts most fierce, named of the Persians arrow, which they call Tiger, in their phrase of speech. Peradventure for resemblance herein, their flight may be thought to be both a like. There is a certain river also of that name, one of those four rivers which flow forth out of Paradise called Gion, and passeth through Armenia & Mede. The best increase of the Tiger is in Hyrcany & Indie. He is not only of most swift pace, but also of smell. Wherefore saith Pliny, if that at any time her brood or litter (which is numerous or many) be stolen away in her absence (as then is the time when as the huntsmen cometh by them) the hunter carrying them never so fast away by horseback, & with never so much haste, yet at her returning to her Nest, when as she espieth falsehood played, she flieth and strayeth abroad fiercely as she were mad, and with her swift pace and good Smell, she hitteth at the length into that way that the Hunter betook him, whom he hearing, not far off, broiling fiercely, maketh away as hastily as he can, he letteth one fall down, and hastineth yet for all that away as fast as he can. The ●am in the way finding one of her Litter, and brood, goeth with that one home back again, and conveyeth her to the Nest: that being done, yet she leaveth not but pursueth after, & cometh by another after the same sort, & like wise taketh ●●ines with that one home again. And so likewise is the huntsman feign to do so more often, except he be passed her reach or out of peril of her, as by ship taking, & the like. The Male saith Pliny, hath no regard of his young. And the same saith also, that there is another way that some huntsmen beguile her with, as so bestrew & spréede in the way Glass, by the which she coming and espying there ●ir own shadow represented, weneth through such sight, that there were of her young▪ and whilst she here thus tacieth long time, deceiving herself, the Huntsman hieth him away & so escapeth. Yet to speak a little of her mildness sometime shown, divus Augustus is reported to have shown in Rome a Tiger very well tamed and kept in a Cave or Cabbadge.   

Of the Tortoise.  
THe Tortoise is reckoned one amongst the Snail or Worms. Aristotle saith that he hath such hard chaps and jaws that he breaketh stones in sunder, being put in his mouth.   

Of the Turtle Dove.  
THe Turtle dove of all fowls is most honest and shamefast. She liveth in the tops of mountains and in the deserts. She is not fellowlike with man, & conversant with him as the other kind of doves are. Yet the other doves have their praise of gratitude & remembrance of a good turn showed, & are called after their Epithet simple or mild. The reason why they be so is, for that they ●acke their bitterness of gall. Aristo as concerning this last kind saith, that they bring forth xj times in the year. There is another kind called the Kingdove very chaste and temperate. And as for the Turtle Dove, her best praise is in keeping undefiled wedlock (and losing her Mate) for her constant widowhood. The other Doves also have been man's messenger sometimes to & fro, as at the besieging of Mutina, where they carried Letters tied to their feet to the Consul's tents through Decius Brutus.   

Of the Viper.  
THe Viper is a kind of most venomous serpent, so named by the Latin word, for that she bringeth forth & delivereth her young with much pain and grief. For when as her belly is big, and her young ripened, she desiring to be delivered, (as they also covet to be out of so strait a p●ace) gnaw and ●ate a way out of their Mother's side, & so with both their great grief, and most often their Dam's destruction, they come out & are borne. I sid.. saith that their manner of conjunction is not as others is. But the Male being in time of year plentiful, & full of seed, to be rid thereof, after their own and natural manner, the Male putteth his head into her mouth, and casteth up of his seed into her throat: With the which the Female by exceeding great pleasure taken therein, and almost wood or mad therewith, with holding fast, bigh●eth of the Males head, and so it cometh to pass that all the whole kind is in all their doings most sharply and painfully aggrieved. This kind saith Pliny, liveth in the earths or deep Crannies, whereas the most part of Serpents live in rocks of stone, other in the hollowness of trees. All winter time it lurketh & is hid, but as soon as the Sunbeams warm the earth, she breaketh out, and being dazzled in the eyes through accustoming in the black earth, she by and by seeketh after the herb Fenell, and anointeth them and so seeth clearly. This kind is most dangerous to adventure upon. Politianus saith that Ampicides was killed with the bit of a Viper in Lybia: and with that his so deadly a bit, died out of hand. Likewise is Orestes reported to have had the same death, after that he came to himself again.   

Of the Vulture.  
THe Vulture saith Aristotle, buildeth her nest in most high Rocks, so that very seldom or never her young are seen. For the which thing a report went that Herodotus, Brisons the Rhetoricians Father, thought that this kind came from another world. And his reason was, for that no man could see the Vulture his nest: & yet when they were seen flying, they flew always by many and great companies. This coveteth and hawketh after dead carcases, & hath a marvelous good smell. Their chiefest dainties are fitch's. Hermodorus ponticus witnesseth, that the Vulture of all other fowls is the simplest, for that that he never raveneth or destroyeth any such kinds of grain as mankind soweth to nourish him and his. Their smell is so wonderful, that they will smell (as is reported) any dead carcase five hundred miles off.   

Of the Weasel.  
THe Weasel in Greek is called Galae: with the Germans ein Wesil. This is the subtilest amongst the residue of beasts which are by natural growth small or little: And it hath a wonderful care to keep and preserve his young without harm taking and endamaging: Insomuch that he nourseth them whilst they be sucklings, in the nethermost and most hid Crannies or Dens of the earth. Of this sort three kinds are mentioned: one long like a Lamprey: the other called a Ferret, the third called Meles, of some englished the Powlcat. This is the greatest and the chiefest enemy that Serpents have: with whom when he encountereth or maketh battle, he goeth and armeth himself with the Herb Rue, the scent whereof, he knoweth to be most offensive or annoyous unto them. They of the Ci●●e Thebes have worshipped and done honour to this kind. This kind and the Crow hear a natural grudge the one to the other: as doth the Eagle and the King's Fisher: the Owl and the lesser sort of Birds: as also the For and Putrocke: the Horse and the Griffin: the Dolphin & Whirlpool: the Lamprey, and Conger: the Elephant and little Mouse: the Elephant again and Rhinoceros with his snout so crooked: the Scorpion and Stellio which is so bespeckled: the Salamander and the Snail: the Frog and the be: the be and the beetle: the be also and the Swallow: as also again the Weasel is the chiefest enemy that the Cockatrice hath: the Rat of Indie the greatest enemy that the Aspis hath. And as there is such natural strife between these and such like: so is there again (in as many kinds as we before made mention of a natural agreement or love made by confederacy of like kinds, or else those that are not greatly disagreeing or differing. The Turtle Dove and Parrot or Popiniay take parts and hold together: as also the Choffe and Woodlarcke: the ring Dove & Partridge: the Peacock and the other common Doves: the silly Sheep and the he Goat: the jay and Stern or Seamew: and many other do the same, which to rehearse would require large volumes.   

Of the Whirlpool.  
THe Whirlpool in French is called Balene. She is a fish of the Sea like a beast: for whom many strive to have her called the Whale: other are at variance to have her named Pristix of the infinitive mood of the Greek verb Prizein, which is to cut or sever, as this is reported to cut the waves of the Sea as she swimmeth: she is of wonderful length. Pliny saith, as also Aristotle, that she breatheth in the water: which thing they two strive at to be done in the residue of fishes. She giveth her young milk by Teat: which thing very few other fishes do. She is often dulled in the water: for the which she often coveteth the Sands to refresh her spirits, and will there sometimes play: sometimes also sleep a while.   

Of the Whale.  
THe Whale with the Germans is called the Wallfiche: many of the Latin writers are at strife to have her and Balena all one. Aristo. as likewise Pliny, will have all those fishes called Caete which are of the greatest sort: and which bring forth young, and that a perfect and living thing so soon as they are delivered: To speak of the hugeness or vastness of this I need not: for that every traveller knoweth it. Of her love towards her young I must somewhat speak. This is the report that goeth of her: at one time she bringeth forth many: and over those many as though they were but one, she is all alike vigilant. The greatest perils that most endamage them are the Sea storms or tempests: at these therefore she useth this knack. She is said to encompass them all round about with her bending body, and so as in a Parlour house safely to defend them: of other she is said to swallow them up into her entrails or belly for a time: and there to keep them safely: after the broiling of the Sea being once ended she poureth them out again, and so by this means they are without their peril.   

Of●he Wolf.  
THe Wolf is called Lupus saith Isidore, as if you would say Leopos, footed like the lion. It is a most ravenous kind of Beast, terrible, and astonying a man at his first sight: whereof arose an old Proverb, Lupus in fabula. Signifying, that there it was best to stay, and to have no more such talk of him as was talked of before. Aristotle saith, that in time of conjunction they be most fierce, always would so long as they have young. And the same Author also saith, that when they are hunted and put to flight, they carry their young with them, & in their journeying they eat of Origan, to sharp their teeth, which are in a manner like to our Saw. They being in extreme hunger (rather than they should famish) feed heartily upon earth and such like gross matter. Ovid recordeth of a pleasure done or of well deserving in this kind to two brethren, Romulus & Remus, whom Amulius their Grandfather sought to have destroyed. And thus he showeth the same. 
Venit ad expositos (mirum) Lupae faeta gemellos,  
quis credat pueris non nocuisse faeram.  
A Wolf with belly big with young  
to two twins abject came  
who in the world would not have thought  
that these should have had harm  Likewise a he Wolf of wonderful cruelty is reported at the beheading of Edmond King of England to have taken away from the company his head, and to have preserved it long time without hurt or blemish.   

Of the Worm.  
THe Worm is called Vermis, quasi Vertens, for complication or folding had in her body as it creepeth, some will have it called Vermis, for showing herself first in the spring-time at what time, the whole kind cometh forth. As they have divers kinds, (although but one common name) so have they divers means to engender. For some arise of rottenness of flesh, some of corrupt humours, some by dry rottenness: Again some by meeting had of both kinds. Worms are very wonderful in their kind. One kind which is called the Panlmer that that maketh havoc of our fruit in the Garden or field: another which breedeth in the tops of Ashes and Olives, and is in colour green: in humour or juice very poisonous, and is called Cantharis, another which is called the Cauler, which eateth out the sides of the leaves of many herbs and especially of Basel. Another which is named Cnips, which eateth through Timber and having eaten it through never resteth in all one place: wherefore he hath his Proverb. Cnips in loco stare non potest. And is properly applied to men, that be wavering and inconstant. And there is a Worm called Cerastes, which when she hath had her belly full and eaten enough, engendereth another. And there is another which is called the fire Worm, & seemeth as it were to be a kind of Spider: which flieth by night to the candlelight or flame of the fire, and hath her pastime so a while, till her wings be singed or brent: & after that she herself also lacking these, cannot escape, but is also brent: whose folly hath also raised up a Proverb Pyraustae gaudere gaudium. The fire worm hath joyed his joy: foolish men pleasure is little and short. The beetle also is of the same lineage and stock that the Worm is: likewise the Spider both that of the earth, and that also of the water. This last is of such nimbleness that running upon the water never drowneth nor deaveth, likewise the Butterfly: out of whose dung Moths are said to breed, with many more else, which do require longer discourse.   
FINIS.   

The Conclusion.  
AS Vatinius Servilius in his life time was hated & approchfully spoken of for that he like a Snail spent all his life time in ease and idleness, without any fruit that he gathered either to better himself or others: so contrariwise could Cleanthes the Philosopher well away with labour and painetaking in writing after his sort: & was glad to utter abroad that that was in him best to do. And as Cleanthes is yet spoken of, not for any great works of his, or for that he in style and inditing excelled other: but for that he employed all his endeavour to the commodity of others: so have I (gentle Reader) one as far behind Cleanthes, as he was the sect and genealogy of the Peripaticians, somewhat unlaced or unripped, some of the Seams of the third quarter of Philosophies attire or array: (for her whole coat as we read, hath but three quarters: the one called Dialectike: the other Moral or Civil: the third natural or wonderful.) Although I have not showed thee her altogether naked which thing Aristotle & others of his sect, as also Albert & Pliny have done: the sight or show whereof if thou coverest, I would wish thee to resort to these: For theirs is the Fountain: and mine a small Arm thereof. Yet had I rather be an arm either of these or of some other as Cleanthes was, then to be nothing at all as was Uatinius. And yet for all this when I had enterprised this, I was not ignorant that Sicconius that meant so well, had his Cat●llus: every Turnus had his Drances: every Cicero had his Sal●st: & for such his malice is now called Ciceromastix Cicero's whip. Likewise every Plato hath his Xenophon. Uarro hath his Palemon, yea & this Liver is so wh●te on fire that the witch and Sorceress Cyrce envieth that Scylla so amorous a Nymph should have a do with Glaucus or have his love: insomuch that she hath infected that Fountain wherein Scylla was wont to wash herself. But let the Quean take heed lest she at the request of Scylla be not turned into a Sea monster. And let muttering Mutius take heed lest he be served with the same sauce. Virgil requited Bavius and Mevius. Further, let these understand that every man is not at Corinth. Neither can every man carry a Palm or Laurel Cheek by Cheek with Orpheus or Dorceus: neither yet hath every man Harmog●nes Harp. Tell me, canst thou play after Tellens' tune, or have this to be thy peculiar Proverb? Cane ea que sunt Tellenis. Sing after Tellens' sort: that is to say, sing sweetly, or let us hear a heavenvly noise. No. Let not every man look to play and strive with Tellen or with Agathon. It shall suffice us to have Philomelus his cunning. And ye Hellyconians, although that Babys come in in place amongst you: as he did when as Minerva played so sweetly, yet if he shall disquiet you (as Babys did Minerva) shame him not with jesting or jarring (no more than Minerva did) but think that his shame is great enough (whatsoever he be) if that he playeth & harpeth ylfavouredly. If God give him life he may have better perfection and ripeness. And thus much I had to the learned sort. The other I do not mistrust: for whom principally I was covetous to bestow this such my travail, and will (if I shall see them thankful hereafter) more abundantly to their delectation and profit. So that if they have any consideration at all, they may be moved at this the working of God in these such his inferior Creatures: who is to be praised for ever and ever. Amen.   

Imprinted at London by Henry Denham, dwelling in Paternoster Row at the Star  
Anno Domini. 1567. june. 3.  
Cum Privilegio.