THE COMPLETE FARRIAR, OR THE KING'S HIGHWAY TO HORSEMANSHIP. Experimentally unfolding 1. The dieting and governing of the Running HORSE. 2. How to order, feed, and keep any Horse for War, Pleasure, Hunting, or Travel. 3. How to know the age of any Horse. Lastly, Certain rare and approved secrets for the Cure of the worst infirmities in Horses.  
By G. Markam.  
LONDON, Printed by J. D. for R. Young, and are sold by P. Nevil in Ivy-lane, 1639.   

To all courteous Readers, and lovers of good Horses.  
THis my ensuing Book (which I have styled, The complete Farriar, or the King's Highway to Horsemanship) was some years since collected for my own private benefit, and now, by the request of many friends, sent to the view of the World: It being the last of all my labours, I will not commend it; yet so far I will allow of it, that it is not inferior, if not equal to any of my former Books. For my bosom receipts, which I practised daily, not known to any but myself, (and being now aged) I was willing to impart to the benefit of all wellwishers and lovers of Horses, to their posterity: for these will revive my memory, when time hath almost razed out the remembrance of me. And so wishing you all good success in your experiments, I heartily take leave, and rest,  
Yours G. M.   


A Table of the things handled in the first Book.  
AN Introduction to the Work, or ● giving of satisfaction to all reasonable practisers, & confuting the wilful self-conceited, touching the limitation of time, for preparing of the Running Horse. 1  
The first ordering of the Running Horse, according to the several estates of their bodies. 11  
How to diet an Horse (for a match) that is fat, foul, and either newly taken from grass or soil, being the first fortnight. 15  
Four principal considerations touching heats. 30  
The second fortnight. 32  
The first bread. 34  
The first scouring. 46  
The ordering of the Horse after his scowling. 48  
The third fortnight. 54  
The second Bread. 55  
The fourth and last fortnight. 56  
The last Bread. 57  
Certain necessary observations and advantages for every Keeper to observe in sundry accidents. 67  
How to order, feed, and keep any Horse for war, pleasure, hunting, or travel. 84  
General observations, helps, and advertisements for any man when he goeth to buy an Horse. 92  
An uncontrollable way how to know the age of any Horse. 119   

A Table of the second Book.  
OF sickness in general. 123  
The true manner of making the true Diahexaple. 126  
The virtues of the Diahexaple. 127  
The making of the Cordial balls. 129  
For the Bots, and all manner of worms, & ●● 133  
Another for the Bots, etc. 134  
An excellent purgation when a Horse is sick● of grease, etc. 135  
For laxativenesse, etc. 136  
An help for the stone, etc. 13●  
T●cure and break an old festered cold, & ● 138  
Another for a violent cold, etc. 139  
An excellent cordial powder. 14●  
An excellent medicine against scouring, etc. 141  
A●ater for sore eyes, etc. 142  
Another for sore eyes. 143  
For a bruise on the eye, pearl, or pin, etc. 144  
An excellent medicine for a back sinew strain, etc. 145  
Saint Anthony's cure for a strain. 146  
Another for a desperate old strain. 147  
An excellent medicine for a new strain, etc. 148  
A perfect cure for a new strain. 149  
My own Balm for strains, etc. and sinews that are extended. 150, 151  
To help a sinew strain in twenty four hours. 152  
An unguent to take away aches, etc. 153  
For swelled or gourded legs, etc. 154  
Another for gourdings, etc. 157  
Another for scratches, etc. 158  
For any splent, spaven, etc. 159  
Another for a splent, spaven, etc. 160  
A cure for the swiftcut, etc. 161  
To cure saddle bruises, etc. 162  
For any mange, scab, etc. 163  
For the foulest and most desperate farcie that may be. 164  
For any founder, frettize, etc. 165  
To make hooves grow quickly, etc. 166  
A general salve for any sore occasioned by a prick, etc. 168  
An excellent remedy for decayed rotten lungs, which we call broken wound, or any old dry cough, etc. 170  
How to make Balsamum sulphuris. 171  
An approved cure for the swiftcut, or any hewing on the legs. 172    

AN Introduction to the work, or a giving of satisfaction to all reasonable practisers, and confuting the wilful selfconceited.  

CHAPTER I.  
I will not dispute the several opinions of men in this kingdom touching the keeping of the running Horse, because I know many are idle and frivolous, some uncertain, and a few in the right way: only (in this work) I would clear one paradox which is strongly maintained, and infinitely pursued by many of our best professors, and that is the limitation or length of time for the preparing or making ready of an horse for a match or great wager.  
There be diverse, nay some which I know, carry the goddess Isis on their backs, that affirm an horse which is exceeding fat, full, newly taken from grass, soil, or lofty, liberal and unbounded feeding, cannot be brought to the performance of his best labour, under six months; five is too little, and four an act of impossibility: by which they rob their noble masters of half a years pleasure, thrust upon them a tiring charge to make the sport loathsome, and get nothing but a cloak for ignorance, and a few false-got crowns, that melt as they are possessed: yet as heretics cite Scriptures, so these find reasons to defend want of knowledge; as the danger of too early exercise, the offence of grease too suddenly broken, the moving of evil humours too hastily (which leads to mortal sickness) and the moderation or helping of all these by a slow proceeding and bringing of the horse into order by degrees and time, or (as I may say) by an ignorant sufferance.  
These reasons I know have the show of a good ground; for too early exercise is dangerous, but not, if free from violence. To break grease too suddenly is an offence unsufferable, for it puts both the limbs and life in hazard, but not if it be purged away by wholesome scouring; the hasty stirring up of humours in a body where they superabound, and are generally dispersed and not settled, cannot but breed sickness, but not where discretion and judgement eva●uateth them in wholesome sweats and moderate air; and for the moderation of all these by the tediousness of time, as two months for the first, two months for the second, and as much for the last, 'tis like the curing of the Gangreen in an old man, better to dye then be dismembered, better lose the prize then bear the charge. For I dare appeal to any noble judgement (whose purse hath experience in these actions) if 6 months preparation, and the dependences belonging to it and his person, do not devour up an hundred pound wager.  
But you will demand of me what limitation of time I will allow for this purpose of preparation, and I answer, that two months is sufficient at any time of the year whatsoever, the horse having years, strength, and former training, for I speak not of Colts, and he that cannot do it in two months, shall never do it truly in fifteen.  
But (reply they) no scouring is to be allowed; for they are physical, then unnatural, they force nature, and so hurt nature, they make sickness, and so impair health, and that indeed nothing is comparable to the length of time, because Nature works every thing herself, though she be longer, yet she hath less danger;  
I confess, that slibbersauce scowrings which are stuffed with poisonous ingredients, cannot choose but bring forth infirmity, but wholesome scourings that are composed of beneficial and nourishing simples, neither occasion sickness nor any manner of infirmity, but bring away grease and all manner of foulness in that kindly and abundant sort, that one week shall effect and cleanse away more, than two months of dilatory and doubtful forbearance; I call it dilatory and doubtful, because no man in this linger course can certainly tell which way the grease and other foulnesses will avoid, as whether into his ordure, which is the safest; into sweat, which is hazardous; into his limbs, which is mischievous; or remain and putrify in his body, which is mortally dangerous; since the issue of any, or all of these, fall out according to the strength of the horses body, and the diligence of the keeper; and if either the one fail in power, or the other in care, farewell horse for that year. All this envy cannot choose but confess, only they have one broken crutch to support them, which is, they know no scouring, therefore they will allow of no scouring (for thus they have argued with me) Against Barbarism I will not dispute, only I appeal to Art and discretion, whether purgation or sufferance (when nature is offended) be the better doers.  
To conclude, two months I allow for preparation, and according to that time I have laid my directions: my humble suit is, out of a sincere opinion to truth & justice, so to allow or disallow, to refrain or imitate.  
But they reply (by a figure called Absurdity) that whatsoever is given to an horse more than his natural food, and that which he will naturally and with all willingness receive of his own accord, is both unproper & unwholesome, and therefore he ought not to be forced with any thing against his appetite: this I have heard them affirm, and to this I thus reply;  
The natural food of man is Bread only, other things (according to the Philosopher) are but superfluities and so to be refrained▪ The natural food of an horse is Grass only, and so all things else to be eschewed: at this argument both humanity & divinity laughs. For other helps, as physic, diverse meats and diverse means are ordained for both, even by the power of the Almighty: himself tells the contemners thereof, how grossly they err in this foolish opinion. Nay allow them a little shadow of truth, that things most natural are most beneficial, than it must follow that Grass is most natural, and so most beneficial: now Grass is physical, for in it is contained all manner of simples of all manner of natures, hot, cold, moist, dry, of all qualities, all quantities, all mixtures; so that whatsoever I give (that is good) is but that which he hath formerly gathered out of his own nature, only with this difference, that what he gathereth, is in a confused manner, clapping contraries together so abundantly, that we are not able to judge where the: predominant quality lieth; and that which we compound is so governed by Art and Reason, that we know how it should work, and we expect the event, if it be not cro●● by some greater disaster.  
But will they bind themselves to keep the Running-horse only with grass, they know then the end of their labour will be loss. No, they will allow Corn, nay diverse corns, some nourishing and loosening, as Oats and Rye, some astringent and binding, as Beans, and some fattening and breeding both blood and sperm, as Wheat; nay they will allow Bread of diverse compositions and diverse mixtures, some before heats, some after, some quick of digestion, and some slow, and if this be not as physical as any scouring a good horseman gives, I report me to him that shall read the mixtures: nay these contemners of scourings will allow an egg, nay an egg mixed with other ingredients, and for butter and garlic they will use it, though it be never so fulsome; the reason is, because their knowledge can rise to no higher a stair in physic, and authorized ignorance will ever wage battle with the best understanding; like foolish Gallants on Saint George's day, who neither having ability to buy, nor credit to borrow a gold chain, scorn at them which wear them, or Martin Marprelatt, that not having learning worthy of a Deacon, found no felicity but in railing against divine Fathers.   

CHAP. II. The first ordering of the Running-horse according to the several states of their Bodies.  
WHen a horse is matched (or to be matched) for a running course, you are principally to regard the state of Body in which the Horse is at 
The three estates of Horses bodies.  the time of his matching; and this state of Body I divide into three several kinds.  
The first is if he be very fat, foul, and either newly taken from Grass or soil.  
The second, if he be extreme lean and poor, either through over-riding, disorder, or other Infirmity.  
And the third; if he be in a good and well-liking estate, having had good usage and moderate exercise.  
If your Horse be in the first 
Times for matching.  estate of body, you shall take longer time for his keeping and bringing into order, as two months at the least, or more, as you can conclude your wager.  
If he be in the second estate of Body, that is, very poor; than you shall also take as long time as you may, yet you need not so much as in the former: Grass cannot much hurt, and exercise may go hand in hand with feeding.  
If he be in the third estate of Body (which is a mean betwixt the other extremes) then a month or six weeks, may be time sufficient to diet him for his match.  
Now as you regard these general 
Particular estates of Bodies.  estates of Bodies, so you must have an eye to certain particular estates of Bodies; As if an Horse be fat and foul, yet of a free and spending Nature, apt quickly to consume and lose his flesh, this Horse must not have so strict an hand, neither can he endure so violent exercise, as he that is of an hard and keltie disposition, and will feed and be fat upon all meats and all exercises▪  
Again, if your Horse be in extreme poverty through disorder and misusage, yet is by nature very hard, and apt both soon to recover his flesh, and long to hold it; Then, over this Horse you shall by no means hold so liberal and tender an hand, nor forbear that exercise which otherwise you would do to the Horse which is of a tender nature, a weak stomach and a free spirit; provided always you have regard to his limbs, and the imperfection of lameness.  
Thus you see how to look into the estates of Horses bodies, and what time to take for your matchings, I will now descend to their several orderings and dieting: and because in the fat Horse is contained both the lean Horse, and the Horse in reasonable estate of Body, I will in him show all the secrets and observations which are to be employed in the dieting and ordering of all three, without any omission or reservation whatsoever; for truth, Sir, I have vowed unto you, and truth I will present you.   

CHAP. III. How to diet an Horse for a match, that is fat, foul, and either newly taken from Grass, or Soil, being the first Fortnight.  
IF you match an Horse that is foul and fat, 
Matching of a foul Horse.  either by running at Grass, or standing at Soil, or by any other means of rest, or too high keeping, you shall for the first fortnight (at least) rise early in the Morning before day, or at the spring of day (according to the time of the year) and having put on his bridle washed in Beer, and tied him to the Rack, take away his dung and other foulness of the Stable; than you shall dress the Horse exceeding well, that is 
Of dro●● sing.  to say; you shall first curry him all over with the Iron comb, from the head to the tail, from the top of the shoulder to the knee, and from the top of the B●r●ock to the hinder cambrel, than dust him all over, either with a clean dusting cloth, or with an Horse tail, or such like thing made fast to an handle; Then Currie or ●●● him all over with the F●●●●● Brush, beginning with his Forehead, temples, and cheeks, so down his neck, shoulders, and forelegs, even to the setting on of the hoofs, so along his sides, and under his belly, and lastly all about his buttocks and hinder legs even to the ground: Then you shall go over all those parts (which the Brush hath touched) with your wet hands and not leave (as near as you can) one loose hair about him, nor one wet hair; for what your hands did wet, your hands must rub dry again: you shall also with your wet hands cleanse his sheath, his yard, his stones, or cod, and his Tuell, and indeed not leave any secret place uncleansed, as ears, nostrils, forebowels, and between his hinder thighs; Then you shall take an hayrie-cloath, and with it rub the Horse all over in every part, but especially, his face, eyes, cheeks, between the chaps, on the top of the forehead, in the nape of the neck, down his legs, feetlocks, and about his pasterns; Lastly, you shall take a clean woollen-cloth, and with it rub the Horse all over, beginning with his head, and face, and so passing through every part of the Horse's body or limbs, which hath been before mentioned; then take a wet Main-combe, and comb down his main, and tail; when this work is finished, take a fair large body-cloath, of thick warm huswives Caresey (if it be in the winter season) or of fine Cotton, or other light stuff (if it be in the Summer season) and fold it round about the Horse's body, than clap on his Saddle, and girt the foremost girt pretty strait, but the other girt somewhat slack, and wisp it on each side the Horse's heart, that both the girts may be of equal straightness; Then put before his breast, a warm breast-cloath suitable to the bodie-cloath, and let it cover both his shoulders: when the Horse is thus accoutered and made ready, you shall take a little beer into your mouth, and spirit it into the Horse's mouth, and so draw him out of the Stable, and take his back, leaving some ordinary Groom behind you to trim up your Stable, to carry forth the dung, and to shake and toss up your Litter, for you are to understand, and it is a general principle, that your Horse must stand upon good store of fresh, dry litter, continually both night and day; and it must ever be of Wheat straw if possible, or Oat-straw, if forced by necessity; as for Barlie-straw, and Rye-straw, they are both unwholesome and dangerous, the one doth heart-burn, the other causeth scouring. When you are thus mounted, you shall walk forth your Horse a foot pace (which we call Racking, for you must neither Amble, nor Trott) at least a mile ortwo, or more, upon smooth & sound ground, and as near as you can to the steepest hills you can find; there gallop your Horse very gently up those steep hills, and Rack, or walk him softly down, that he may cool as much one way, as he warmeth another, and when you have thus exercised him a pretty space, then seeing the Sun begin to rise, or prettily risen, you shall walk your Horse either to some River, or clear Pond that is fed with a sweet Spring, and there let him drink at his pleasure; After he hath drunk, walk him gently from the water a pretty space, to avoid evil qualities, which custom will gather, as fearfulness to drink for fear of sudden galloping, or furious running away, knowing he must gallop (which may endanger his wind) then after calm usage, you shall gallop and exercise him moderately as you did before, then walk him a pretty space, and after offer him more water: if he drink, then do as before; if he refuse, then gallop him to occasion thirst, and thus always give him exercise, both before and after his water; when he hath drunk (as you think) sufficiently, then bring him home gently, without a wet hair about him; when you are come to the Stable door (before which your Groom shall ever throw his foul litter continually and from time to time) there alight from his back, and by whistling, stretching the Horse upon the straw, and raising up the straw under him, see if you can make him piss, which if at first he do not, yet with a little custom he will soon be brought unto it, and it is an wholesome action, both for the Horse's health, and for the cleanly keeping of your Stable.  
When these things are performed, you shall then bring the Horse into his stall, and first tie his head up to the Rack in the bridle, then with hard dry wisps rub all his four legs down with as great strength as you can, then unloose his breast cloth, rub his head, neck, and breast exceeding much with a dry cloth, then take off his saddle, and hang it by, after take off his body-cloth, then rub over all his Body and limbs, especially his back where the Saddle stood, and then cloth him up, first with a linen sheet, then over it a good strong housing-cloth, and above it his woollen bodiecloth, which in the winter it is not amiss to have it lined with some thin Cotton, or other woollen stuff; but in the heat of Summer, the Carsey itself is sufficient: when you have girt these clothes about him, stop his sirsingle round with reasonable big, soft, and thick wisps, for with them he will lie at best ease, because small hard wisps are ever hurtful.  
After your horse is thus clothed up, you shall then pick his feet, and stop them up with Cowdung, and then throw into his Rack a little bundle of Hay, so much as an halfpenny bottle in a dear Inn, well dusted, chosen, and hard bound together, and this he shall tear out as he standeth on his Bridle.  
After the Horse hath stood on his bridle an hour, you shall come to him, and first rub his head, face, and the nape of his neck with a clean Rubber made of new rough hempen cloth, for this is excellent for the head, and dissolveth all gross and filthy humours; and than you shall draw his Bridle, and with a very clean cloth make the Manger so clean as may be, and if he have scattered any Hay therein, gather it up, and throw it back in to his Rack; than you shall take the quantity of a quart or better, of sweet, dry, old and clean dressed Oats, of which the heaviest, and the whitest are the best, or those which we call the Poland Oats, or the cut Oats, for those only are wholesome, the other which are unsweet, breed infirmity, those which are moist cause swelling in the body, those which are new breed worms and pain in the belly, and they which are half dressed deceive the Stomach, and bring the Horse to ruin; as for the black Oats, though they are tolerable in the time of necessity, yet they make foul dung, and hinder a man's knowledge in the state of the Horse's body; this quart of Oats you shall put into a Sieve that is less than a Riddle, and a thought bigger than a Reeing sieve, such an one as will let a light Oat thorough, but keep a full Oat from scattering; In this Sieve you shall Ree, dress, and toss your Oats very much, that there may be neither dust, nor any other foul thing in them, and so give them to the Horse to eat, and if he eat them with a good stomach, you may then sift and give him as much more, and so let him rest till it be near eleven a Clock: at eleven, come to the Stable again, and having rubbed the Horse's head, neck, and face, you shall then take another quart, or better, of Oats, and (as before) toss and Ree them through your Sieve, and so give them the Horse; then closing up your windows, that the Horse may remain so dark as is possible, leave him till one a clock: and here you are to understand, that the darker you keep your Horse in your absence, the better it is, and it will occasion him to feed, lie down, and take his rest, when otherwise he would not; and therefore we commonly use to arm the stalls wherein these Horses stand, round about, and aloft, and over the Rack with strong Canvas, both for darkness, warmth, and that no filth may come near the Horse. At one a Clock or thereabouts, come to the Horse, and sift him another quart of Oats, and give them him▪ after you have rubbed well his face, head, and nape of the neck, then putting away his dung, & making the stable clean and sweet, give him a little knob of Hay, and so leave him till Four a clock in the evening if it be in the Summer, o● after three, if it be in the winter and short season. At four a clock, come again to the stable, and having made all things clean, then bridle up the Horse (having we● the snaffle with Beer) and tie him up to the Rack, then take off his clothes, and dress him in all points and every way, as was showed you for the morning; after he is dressed, than cloth and saddle him, as was also showed for the morning; then bring him forth, and do your best to make him piss and dung upon the foul litter before the Stable door, then mount his back, and ride him forth as you did in the morning, but not to the hills, if possible you can find any other plain and level ground, as Meadow, pasture, or any other earth, especially if it lie along by the River, but in this case you can be no chooser, but must take the most convenient ground you can find, making a virtue of necessity; here air your Horse in all points in the evening, as you did in the morning, galloping him both before, and after his water, than Racking him gently up and down, and in your Racking you must observe, even from the Stable door, in all your passages, especially when you would have your Horse to empty himself (if your Horse be stoned) to let him smell upon every old and new dung you meet withal, for this will make him empty his body, and repair his stomach; After you have watered your Horse, and spent the evening in airing till within night, (for nothing is more wholesome, or sooner consumeth foulness, then early and late air,) you shall then Rack him home to the stable door, there alight, and whatsoever you did in the morning, either within doors, or without, do the same also now at night, and so leave the horse on his bridle for an hour or more, then come to him again, & as you did in the forenoon so do now, rub him well, draw his bridle, cleanse the Manger, put up his scattered Hay, sift him a quart and better of Oats, and give them him, and so let him rest till nine a clock at night.  
At nine a clock at night, which is bed time both for your horse & yourself, come unto him, and first rub down his legs hard, with hard wisps, then with a clean cloth rub his face, head, chaps, nape of the neck, and foreparts, then turn up his clothes, and rub over his Buttocks and hinder parts, than put down his clothes, and sift him a quart of oats and give them him, then put into his Rack a little bundle of Hay, toss up his litter, and make his bed soft, and so betake both him and yourself to your rests till the next morning.  
The next morning (as the morning before) come to the Horse and do every thing without the omission of any one particle, as hath been formerly declared; and thus you shall keep your Horse constantly for the first fortnight, in which, by this double daily exercise, you shall so harden his flesh, and consume his foulness, that the next fortnight (if you be a temperate man) you may adventure to give him gentle heats.   

CHAP. FOUR Four principal considerations touching Heats.  
NOw touching Heats, which is the violent exercise of an Horse, you are to take to yourself these four considerations,  
First, that two heats in the week is a sufficient proportion, for any Horse of what condition, or state of body soever.  
Secondly, that one heat should ever be given, upon that day in the weeek on which he is to run his match, as thus, If your match is to be run upon the Monday, than your fittest heating days, are Mondays, and Fridays, and the Mondays to be ever the sharpe● heat, both because it is the day of his match, and there is three day's respite betwixt it, and the other heat. If the match day be on the Tuesday, than the heating days are Tuesdays, and Saturdays: if it be on the Wednesday, than the heating days are, Wednesdays, and Saturdays, by reason of the Sabbath: if on the Thursday, than Thursdaies', and Mondays, and so of the rest.  
Thirdly, you shall give no heat (except in case of extremity) in very rainy and foul weather, but rather defer hours, and change times, for it is unwholesome and dangerous, and therefore in case of showers and uncertain weather, you shall be sure to provide for your Horse a warm lined hood, with lined ears, and the nape of the neck lined, to keep out Rain, for nothing is more dangerous than cold wet, falling into the ears, and upon the nape of the neck, and the E●llets.  
Lastly, observe to give you● heats, the weather being seasonable, as early in the morning as you can, that is by the spring of day, but by no means in the dark, for it is to the horse unwholesome and unpleasant, to the man a great testimony of folly, and to both an act of danger and precipitation.   

CHAP. V. The second fortnight's keeping.  
NOw to descend to the second fortnight's keeping, touching your first approach to the Stable, and other by respects, as cleansing, shaking up of litter, and the like, you shall do all things as in the first fortnight, only before you put on his bridle, you shall give him a quart or better, of clea● fifted Oats, which as soon as h●● hath eaten, you shall then bridle him up, and dress him in all points as was declared in the first fortnight; you shall clothe him, saddle him, air, water, and bring him home as in the first fortnight, only you shall not put any Hay in his Rack to tear out, but only draw with your hand as much fine sweet Hay (which you shall toss and dust well, (as you can gripe, and let him as he standeth on the bridle, tear it out of your hand, which if he do greedily, and earnestly, than you may give him another, and another, and so let him stand on the bridle an hour or more after; then come to him and after rubbing, and other ceremonies before declared performed, sift and dust up a quart of Oats, and set them by, then take a loaf of bread that is at least three ●aies old, made after this manner.   

CHAP. VI The First Bread.  
TAke three pecks of clean Beans, and one peck of fine Wheat, and mix them together, and grind them to pure Meal, then bolt it through a reasonable fine Range, and knead it up with great store of Barm, and lightning, but with as little water as may be; labour it in the trough with all painfulness, tread it, break it, and after cover it warm, and let it ●● a pretty space in the trough ●● swell, then knead it over again, and mould it up into big loaves like twelvepenny household loaves and so bake them well, and ●● them soak sound: after th●● are drawn from the Oven, tur●● t●● bottoms upward, and let them cool; at three days old you may adventure to give this bread, b●● hardly sooner, for nothing doth occasion Surfeit, or is more dangerous than new bread; yet if necessity compel you sooner to give it, or that the bread be dan● and clammy, so as the Horse taketh distaste thereat, then cut the loaf into thin Shives, and lay it abroad in a Sieve to dry, and then crumbling it small amongst his Oats, you may give it without danger.  
But to return to my purpose where I left, when you have taken a loaf of this bread of three days old, you shall chip it very well, then cut it into thin slices, and break three or four Shives thereof (which may countervail the quantity of the Oats) very small, and mix it with the Oats you had before fifted, and so give them to the Horse.  
About eleven of the clock you shall come to the Horse, and having performed your by ceremonies before spoke of, you shall give him the same quantity of Bread and Oats, as you did in the morning, and so let him rest till the afternoon.  
At one of the clock in the afternoon, or after, if you intent not to give him an heat the next day, you shall feed him with bread and Oats, as you did in the forenoon, and so consequently every meal following, for the day, observing every action and motion as hath been before declared;  
But if you intent the next day to give him an heat (to which I now bend mine aim) you shall then only give him a quart of Oats carefully sifted, but no Hay, and so let him rest till four of clock in the evening.  
At four a clock, before you put on his Bridle, give him a quart of clean sifted Oats, and as soon as they are eaten, put on his Bridle, and tie up his head, not forgetting all by-ceremonies before declared, then dress him, cloth him, saddle him, air and water him as before showed; also bring him home, and order him as before showed, only give no Hay at all. After he hath stood an hour on the Bridle, give him (as before) a quart of clean sifted Oats; when he hath eaten them, you shall then put on his head a sweet clean washed moosell, and so let him rest till nine of the clock at night.  
Now touching the use of this moosell, and which is the best, you shall understand that as they are most useful, being good and rightly made, so they are dangerous and hurtful being abused, or falsely made; The true use of them is to keep the Horse from eating up his litter, from gnawing upon boards and mud walls, and indeed to keep him from eating any thing but what he receiveth from your own hands.  
These moosells are sometimes made of leather, and stamped full of holes, or else close, but they are unsavoury and unwholesome; for if it be Allomd leather, the Allome is offensive: if it be liquored leather, the grease and Tanner's ●uze are full as unpleasant, beside they are too close, and too hot, and both make an horse sick, cause him to forbear rest, and retain his dung longer in his body then otherwise he would do;  
The best Summer moosell, is the net moosell, made of strong packthread, and knit exceeding thick, and with small mashes in the bottom, and so enlarged wider and wider up to the middle of the Horse's head, and then bound about the top with strong tape, and upon the near side a loop, and on the far side a long string of tape to fasten it unto the Horse's head.  
The best winter moosell is that which is made of strong double Canvas, with a round bottom, and a square latisse window of small tape before both his nostrils down to the very bottom of the moosell, and upward more than an handful, this must also have a loop, and a string to fasten it about the horses head.  
At nine of the clock at night, coming to the Horse (after your by-ceremonies before taught are performed) give him a quart of clean sifted Oats, and as soon as he hath eaten them, put on his moosell, toss up his litter, and leave him to his rest.  
The next day early in the morning before day, come to the horse (if he be standing on his feet, but if he be laid, by no means disturb him) now whilst he is lying, or if he be standing, take a quart of clean Oats well sifted and rubbed between your hands, and wash them in a little strong Ale or beer, and let them not be too moist, for fear of offence, and so give them to the Horse: as soon as he hath eaten them, bridle him up, and hang by his moosell in some sweet place, then unclothe him, & dress him as hath been before showed, after put on his body-cloth and brest-cloth, and saddle him, then being ready to go forth with him▪ take his bridle reine, and draw it over the top of the rack, so as you may raise his head also, then take a new laid egg washed clean, and breaking it in his mouth, make him to swallow it down, then wash his tongue and mouth with a little Beer, and so lead him forth of the Stable: at the door see if he will piss, or dung, then take his back, and Rack him gently to the Course, ever and anon making him smell upon other horses dungs whereby he may empty himself the better; when you are come within a mile or thereabout of the starting-post, you shall alight from the Horses back, and take off his body-cloth, and brest-cloth, and then girt on the saddle again; then sending away your Groom both with those clothes, and other clean dry rubbing-clothes, let him stay at the last end of the Race till you come, than yourself Rack your Horse gently up to the starting-post and beyond, making him smell to that post, as you should also do to the first post (which we call the weighing post) that he may thereby take notice of the beginning and ending of his course, and there start your horse roundly and sharply, at near a three quarters speed, and according to his strength of body, ability of mind, and cheerfulness of spirit, run him the whole Course through, but by no means do any thing in extremity, or above his wind and strength, but when you find him a little yield, then give him a little ease, so that all he doth may be done with pleasure, and not with anguish, for this manner of training will make him take delight in his labour, and so increase it, the contrary will breed discomfort, and make exercise irksome. Also during the time you thus course your horse, yet shall with all carefulness note upon what grounds he runneth best▪ as whethe up the hill, or down the hill, whether on the smooth earth, or on the rough, whether on the wet, or on the dry, or whether on the level, or the earth that is somewhat rising; and according as you find his nature and disposition, so maintain him for your own advantage.  
When you have thus coursed the course over strongly & swiftly, and after a little slightly galloped him up and down the field to ●ake his wind, and cheer his spirits, you shall then (your Groom being ready with your clothes and other necessaries) ride into some warm place, as under the covert of some Hedge, Bushes, or Trees, into some hollow dry ditch, pit, or other defence from the air, and there alight from his back, and first with a Glasing-knife, or a scraping knife as some call it, made either of some broken sword-blade, some old broken scythe, or for want of them, of a thin piece of old hard Oaken wood, and fashioned like a broad long knife, with a sharp edge; and using this with both your hands, scrape off all the sweat from your Horse in every part wheresoever you find any wet, excepting his Buttocks, which must not be touched; and thus do till you find there will no more sweat arise, and ever an anon move and stir the horse up and down, and then with dry clothes rub him all over exceedingly, his buttocks still excepted, then take off the saddle, and having glazed, and rubbed his back, put on his body-cloth and brest-cloth, and then set on the saddle again, and girt it, then gallop the Horse gently forth again a little space, ever and anon rubbing his head, neck, and body, as you sit on his back, then walk him about the fields, or downs to cool him, and when you find that he drieth apace, then Rack him gently homeward, sometimes Racking, and sometime galloping, but by no means bring him to the Stable, ●ill you find he have not one wet ●aire about him: when you have brought him to the Stable door ●rie, there dismount, and having ●ntic'd him to piss, and empty himself, then lead him into his Stall, and there tie his head gent●y up to the Rack, with his bri●le, which done, presently (as having prepared it before) give the Horse this scouring made in his manner.   

CHAP. VII. The First Scouring.  
TAke a pint of the best sweet Sac●●● and put the●●● an ounce of the clearest and p●● rest resin ●●● sed to a very fine dust, and jumble and brew them together exceeding much, then when the Sacks and it is incorporated together, put thereto half a pint of the best salad-oil, and brew the● also well together: Then lastly▪ take an ounce and an half of brown Sugar-candy beaten to● to powder, and a spoonful of London Treacle, and put them in also, then mull all upon the fire, and being lukewarm, take of the Syrup of Roses a pint, and dissolve into it of Casfi●, of Agarike, and of Myrrh, of each a quarter of an ounce; then being only warmed against the Fire, and the Horse newly come in from his heat, as before I showed you, draw his head up to the Rack, and with an horn give him this Scouring, for it is a strong one, and this taketh away and avoideth all manner of molten grease, and foulness whatsoever.   

CHAP. VIII. Ordering of the Horse after his scouring.  
Assoon as you have given your Horse this scouring, presently let your Groom fall to rubbing of his legs, and do yourself take off his saddle and clothes▪ and finding his body dry, run slightly over it with your Currycomb, after with the brush, than dust well, and lastly, rub all his body over exceeding well with dry clothes, especially his head, nape of the neck, and about his heart, then cloth him up warm as at his other ordinary times, and wisp him round with great warm wisps, and if you throw over him a light loose blanket, it will not be amiss in these extraordinary times, especially if the season be cold; keep him fasting two hours after the receipt of his scouring, and waking, and stirring three or four, for rest is hurtful to the medicine, and motion a benefit.  
After your Horse hath fasted upon the bridle full two hours or more, than you shall take an handful of wheat ears, being your Pollard wheat, that is without Annes or rough beards, and coming to the Horse, first handle the roots of his ears, than put your hands under his clothes against his heart, upon his flanks, and on the neither part of his thighs, and if you find any nesh sweat to arise, or any coldness of sweat, or if you see his body beat, or his breath move fast, then forbear to give him any thing, for it is a pregnant sign that there is much foulness stirred up, on which the medicine working with a conquering quality, the Horse is brought to a little heart-sicknesse, therefore in this case, you shall only take off his bridle, and put on his collar, then toss up his litter that he may lie down, and so absent yourself (having made the stable dark and still) for two hours more, which is the utmost end of that sickness. But if you find no such offence, than you shall proffer him the ears of wheat by three or four together, and if he ●●●e this handful, then give him another.  
After he hath eaten the wh●●● ears, you shall then give him a little bundle of Hay, such as hath been before declared, and draw his bridle, rubbing his head well.  
An hour or better after he hath had his Hay, you shall sift him▪ quart of Oats, and to them you shall put two or three handfuls of Spelted beans, which you shall cause to be Reed and dressed so clean as is possible from all manner of hulls, dust, and filth whatsoever, so as there may be nothing but the clean spelted Beanes themselves▪ to these Oats and Beans, you shall break two or three shives of bread clean chipped, and give all unto the Horse, and so leave him to his rest, for near three hours, or thereabout.  
At evening before you dress the Horse, give the like quantity of Oats, spelt-beans, and bread, and when he hath eaten them, then bridle him up and dress him as before declared, and after he is dressed, then cloth him up, ●on you shall neither saddle him, nor ride him forth: for you shall understand that this evening, after his heat, the horse being inwardly▪ foul, and the scouring yet working in his body, he may not receive any water at all.  
After the Horse is dressed, and hath stood an hour and an half upon his bridle, you shall then take three pints of clean sifted Oats, and wash them in strong Ale, or Beer, and so give them to the Horse, for this will inwardly cool and refresh him, as if he had drunk water.  
After he hath eaten this wash meat, and rested upon it a little space, you shall then at his feeding times (which have been spoken of before) with Oats and spelt beans, or Oats and bread, or all together, or each several and simple of itself, excepting Beans (as you shall find the stomach of the horse best addicted to receive it) feed him that night in plentiful manner, and leave a knob of Hay in the Rack when you go to bed.  
The next day very early as may be, first feed, then dress, after cloth and saddle, than air him abroad, and water him as hath been before showed, after bring him home, and feed him with oats, spelt beans, and bread, as was last of all declared, only very little Hay, and keep your heating days, and the preparation the day before in such wise as hath been also formerly declared, without any omission or addition.  
Thus you shall spend the second fortnight, in which your Horse having received four heats sound given unto him, and four scourings, there is no doubt but his body will be drawn inwardly clean, you shall then the third fortnight order him according to those rules, which hereafter follow.   

CHAP. IX. The third Fortnight's keeping.  
The second Bread.  
THis third fortnight you shall make his bread finer than it was formerly, as thus. You shall take two pecks of clean Beans, and two pecks of fine wheat, grind them on the black stones, searse them through a fine range, and knead it up with Barm, and great store of lightning, working it in all points, and baking it in the same sort, as was showed you in the former bread.  
With this Bread (having the crust cut clean away, and being old as before showed) with clean sifted Oats, and with clean dressed spelt-beanes you shall feed your Horse this fortnight, as you did the fortnight before, you shall observe his dress, agreeing, and hours of feeding, as in the former fortnight, also you shall observe his heating days, and the day before his heat, as in the former fortnight, only with these differences;  
First you shall not give his heats so violently as before, but with a little more pleasure, that is to say, if the first heat be of force, and violence, the second heat shall be of pleasure and ease, and indeed none at all to overstrain the horse, or to make his body sore.  
Next you shall not after his heat (when he cometh home) give him any more of the former scouring, but instead thereof, you shall instantly upon the end of your heat, after the horse is a little cooled and clothed up, and in the same place where you rub him, by drawing his head up aloft as you sit in the saddle, or raising it up otherwise, give him a ball somewhat bigger than a French walnut hull and all, of that which is mentioned in the fourth Chapter of the book of cures, and goeth by this Title. And thus you shall spend the third Fortnight.   

CHAP. VIII. The fourth and last Fortnight's keeping.  
HAving thus spent the three first Fortnight's, you shall the fourth and last Fortnight, make your Horse's Bread much fine● then either of the former, as thus  

The last Bread.  
Take three pecks of fine wheat, and but one peck of clean Beans, grind them together on the black stones, and bolt them through the finest boulter you can get, then knead it up with very sweet Ale, Barm, and new strong Ale, and the Barm beaten together, and also the whites of at least twenty eggs, but in any wise no water at all, but instead thereof, some small quantity of new milk, then work it up, and labour it with all painfulness that may be, as was showed in the first batch, then bake it and order it as was declared in the other.  
With this Bread (having the crust cut clean away) and with Oats well sunned, beaten and rubbed over with your hands, then new winnowed, sifted, and most finely dressed, that there may be neither light ones, nor foul ones, nor any false grain amongst them; and with the purest spelted Beans that can be tried out, feed your Horse at his ordinary feeding times, in such wise as you did in the fortnight last mentioned before▪ You shall keep his heating days, the first week of this last fortnight, in such wise as you did in the former fortnight, but the last week you shall forbear one heat, and not give him any heat five days before his match at the lea●t, only you shall give him long and strong ayerings to keep him in wind.  
You shall not need this Fortnight to give him any scouring at all.  
If this fortnight, morning, and evening, you burn (upon a c●●●ingdish and coals) in your Stable of the purest Olibanum, or Frankincense, mixed with Storax, and Benjamine, to perfume and sweeten the Room, you shall find it exceeding wholesome for the Horse, and he will take wonderful delight therein.  
In this fortnight when you give your horse any washed meat, wash it not in Ale, or Beer, but in the whites of eggs, or muskadine, for that is more wholesome and less pursy.  
This fortnight give your horse no Hay at all, but what he taketh out of your hand after heats and air, and that must be in little quantity, and clean dusted and dressed, unless he be an exceeding evil feeder, marvelous tender, and a great belly-looser.  
The last week of this fortnight, if your Horse be a foul feeder, you must use the muzell continually; but if he be a clean feeder, and will touch no litter, than three days before your match, is a convenient time for the use of the muzell.  
The morning, the day before your match, feed well both before and after airing, and water as at other times, before noon, and after noon, scant his proportion of meat a little before and after evening air, feed as at noon, water as at other times; but be sure to come home before sun set. This day you shall cool your Horse, shoe him, and do all extraordinary things of ornament about him, provided there be nothing to give him offence, or to hinder him in resting, in emptying, or any other natural or beneficial action.  
It is true, I have heard some horsemen say, that when they had put on the muzell, shod their horses with light shoes, and done other actions of ornament about them, the night before the course, that their Horses have taken such special notice thereof, that they have refused both to eat, and lie down; But I fear there is a great mistake in this conceit, for it is not the thing (as the muzell, the shoes, and other trifles) which draws on these apprehensions, but the abuse, and misuse of them, as when the muzel is too close, unsavoury, or suffocats and overheats the Horse (which the netmuzell never doth) when the shoes stand uneasy, or any other toy of curiosity that gives offence, than no question but these accidents happen; for mine own part, touching the nice and strait pla●ing up of horses tails in the manner of Sackers, or docks (which is now in general use) howsoever the ornament may appear great to the eye, yet I do not much affect it, because I know if an ignorant hand have the workmanship thereof, he may many ways give offence to the Horse, and in avoiding cumbersomnesse, breed a great deal more cumber: therefore I wish every one rather to avoid curiosity (which we call necessary ornament) then by these false graces to do injury to the Horse. Now for the necessary and indifferent things which are to be done to the Horse, I would rather have them done the day before, then on the morning of the course, because I would have the Horse that morning to find no trouble or vexation.  
Late at night you shall feed as you did in the morning. Now I do not set you down exactly what meat to feed withal, because you must be ruled according to the Horse's stomach, and what meat he best liketh, of that give him most, either of the simple, or with any other compounded, yet observing that the meat which is lightest of digestion, is fittest for this purpose, and the more (at this time) you forbear Beanes, and bread, the better it is.  
The next morning (which is the match day) come to your horse before day, take off his muzzle, rub his head well, and give him a pretty quantity of Oats washed in muskadine, if he will eat them, or in the whites of eggs, or if he refuse both, then try him with fine dressed Oats mixed with a little wheat, or with your lightest bread; as for beans forbear them. Of any of these foods give him such a quantity as may keep life and soul together; then if he be an evil emptier, and will retain meat long, you may walk him abroad and in the places where he used to empty, there entice him to empty, which as soon as he hath done, bring him home, put on his muzzle, let him rest till you have warning to make ready and lead forth, but if he be a good and free emptying Horse, than you need not stir him, but let him lie quiet.  
When you have warning to prepare for leading out, come to your Horse, and having washed his navel in a little Muskadine, take off his muzzle, and bridle him up, but before you bridle, if you think your Horse too empty, you may give him three or four mouths full of the washed meat last spoke of, then bridle him up and dress him, after having pircht your saddle and girths with shoemakers wax, set it on his back, and girt it as gently as may be, so as he may have a feeling, but no straightness; then lay a very white sheet over the saddle next his skin, and over it his ordinary clothes, than his body-cloth, and brest-cloth, and wisp them round about with soft wisps, then if you have a countepoint or clothe of state for bravery sake, let it be fastened above all: when this is done, and you are ready to draw out, then take half a pint of the best muskadine, and give it him with an horn, and so lead him away.  
In your leading upon the course, use gentle and calm motion, suffering the Horse to smell upon every dung, that thereby he may empty himself. And in especial places of advantage, as where you find Rushes, long Grass, Ling, Heath, or the like, walk your Horse, and entice him to piss, but if you find no such help, then in especial places, upon the course, and chiefly towards the latter end, and having used the same means before, break some of your wispes under the Horse's belly, and so make him piss.  
Also in your leading, if any white or thick foam, or froth arise about the horse's mouth, you shall with a clean handkerchief wipe it away, and carrying a small bottle of clear water about you, wash your horse's mouth now and then therewith.  
When you come to the place of start, before you turle or unclothe the horse, rub and chafe his legs with hard wisps, then pick his feet, then wash his mouth with water, then unclothe him, mount his Rider; start fair, and then refer all the rest, to Gods good will and pleasure.    

CHAP. XI. Certain necessary observations and advantages, for every Keeper to observe in sundry accidents.  
THere is no unreasonable creature of pleasure, subject to so many disastrous chances of fortune, as the Horse; and especially the Running horse, both by reason of the multiplicity of diseases belonging unto them, as also the violence of their exercise, and the nice tenderness of their keeping, and therefore it behooveth every Keeper to be armed with such observations, as may discern mischiefs, and those helps, which may amend them when they happen.  
The first observation therefore that I would arm our keeper withal, is, to discern sickness from health, as thus,  
Observations for sickness and health.  
If you find in your Horse's heaviness of countenance, extreme looseness, or extreme costiveness, shortness of breath, loathing of meat, dull and imperfect eyes, rotten or dry cough, staring hair, or hair unnaturally discolloured, a staggering pace, frantic behaviour, yellowness of the eyes and skin, faint or cold sweat, extraordinary lying down, or beating or looking back at the body, alteration of qualities, and gestures, not casting of his coat, leanness, hydebound, and the like, all these are apparent signs of distem perature or sickness.  
Observations from the dung.  
It is necessary that our Keeper observe his Horse's dung, for it is the best telltruth of a horses inward parts, yet he must not judge it by a general opinion, but by a private discourse with himself, how the Horse hath been fed, because food is the only thing that breeds alteration, as thus. If the dung becleere, crisp, and of a pale and whitish yellow complexion, hanging together without separation, more than as the weight breaks it in the falling, being neither so thin that it will run, nor so thick, but it will a little flat on the ground, and indeed both in savour, and substance, somewhat resembling a sound man's ordure; then is the Horse clean, well fed, and without imperfection; If it be well coloured, yet fall from him in round knots, or pellets, so it be but the first or second dung only, and the rest good as beforesaid, it matters not much, for it only shows that he did eat Hay lately, and that will ever come away first of all; but if all his dungs be alike, than it is a sign of foul feeding, and he hath either too much Hay, or eats too much litter, and too little corn; If his dung be in round pellets, and blackish, or brown, it shows inward heat in the body; if it be greasy, it shows foulness, and that grease is molten, but cannot come away; If he do avoid grease in gross substance with his dung, if the grease be white, and clear, than it comes away kindly, and there is no danger, but if it be yellow or putrified, than the grease hath laid long in his body, and sickness may follow, if not prevented; if his dung be red and hard, than the Horse hath had too strong heats, and costiveness will follow; if it be pale and loose, it shows inward coldness of body, or too moist feeding.  
Observations from the Urine.  
As the keeper hath thus a principal respect to the horses dung, so he shall take some little note from his Urine also; and though they be not altogether so material as the other, because according to the opinion of Physicians, Vrina est meretrix, Urine is a deceiver, chiefly in the horse, because he neither eats, drinks, nor labours according to his own mind, but his Master's pleasure: yet it hath some true faces, as thus: that Urine which is of a pale yellowish colour, rather thick then thin, of a strong smell, and a piercing condition, is a healthful, sound, and good Urine; but if you find any note or complexion contrary to these, then in the horse is some imperfection, as thus: If the Urine be of an high ruddy complexion, either like blood, or inclining to blood, then hath the Horse either had too sore heats, been overriden, or ridden too early after winter grass; if the Urine be of an high complexion, clear and transparent, like old March beer, than the Horse is inflamed in his body, and hath taken some surfeit; if the Urine carry a white cream on the top, it shows a weak back, and consumption of seed, a green Urine shows a consumption of blood, an Urine with bloody streaks, shows an ulcer in the kidneys, and a black thick cloudy Urine, shows death and mortality.  
Observations in Feeding.  
Again our keeper must observe that if there be any meat, drink, or other nourishment which he knoweth good for the Horse, yet the Horse refuseth to take it, in this case, he shall not violently thrust it upon the Horse, or by force cram him therewith, but by gentile degrees, and cunning enticements, and by process of time win him thereunto, tempting him when he is most hungry, or most thirsty, and if he get but a bit at a time, or a sup at a time, it will soon increase to a greater quantity, and ever let him have less than he desireth; and that he may the sooner be brought unto it, mix the meat he loveth best, with that he loveth worst, the drink he loveth best, with that he loveth worst, till both be made alike familiar, and so shall the Horse be a stranger to nothing that is good or wholesome.  
Observations in case of lameness.  
Again our keeper must observe if his Horse be subject to lameness, or stiffness of joints or sinews, to surbating or tenderness of feet, first to give him his heats upon soft and smooth carpet earth, and to forbear stony ground, hard highways, cross cuts and furrows, till extremity, or the match day compel him.  
Observations from the state of the Horse's body.  
It is good for our keeper to observe, that the strongest estate of body, which I account the highest and fullest of flesh, so it be good, hard, and without inward foulness, to be the best and ablest for the performance of these wagers: yet he must herein take to himself two considerations, the one the shape of the Horse's body, the other, his inclination and manner of feeding. For the shape of body, there be some Horses that are round, plump, and close knit together, so that they will appear fat, and well-shaped, when they are lean and in poverty, others are raw-boned, slender and loose knit together, and will appear lean, deformed, and in poverty when they are fat, foul, and full of gross humours. So likewise for their inclinations, some Horses (as the first before named) will feed outwardly, and will carry a thick rib, when they are inwardly as lean as may be, and without all manner of fullness; There be others (as the latter) that will appear lean to the eye, and show nothing but skin and bone, when they are full of inward fatness, and have guts as foul as may be. In this case the keeper hath two helps to advantage his knowledge, the one outward, the other inward.  
The outward help, is the outward handling and feeling of the Horse's body generally all over, all his ribs, but particularly upon his short and hindmost ribs, if his flesh generally handle soft, and loose, and your fingers sink into it, as into down, then is the horse foul without question, but if generally it be hard and firm, only upon the hindmost rib it handleth soft and downy, than it is a pregnant sign there is grease, and foul matter within the Horse which must be avoided, how lean or poor so ever he appear in outward speculation.  
The inward help is only sharp exercise, and strong scouring, the first will dissolve and melt the foulness, the latter will bring it away in abundance.  
If your Horse be fat, and thick, and as it were closed up between the chaps, or if his jaws handle fleshy and full, it is a sign of much foulness both in the head, and body; But if he handle thin, and clean, only with some small kernels, or lumps between his chaps, than it is only a sign of some cold or pose newly taken.  
Observations from the privi● parts.  
It is good for our keeper to observe his Horse's stones if he be stoned) for if they hang down side, or long from his body, then is the Horse out of lust, and heart, and is either sick of grease, or other foul humours, but if they be close couched up, and hid in a small room, then is the Horse healthful, and in good plight, if his yard befoule, stained, rough or skalie, then fear no foul play, but if it be clear, bright, and as it were new scoured, then look to your Groom, for he hath covered a Mare lately.  
Observations for the limbs.  
It is good for our keeper to observe, ever the night before he runs either match, or heat, to bathe his Horse's legs well from above the knees, and above the cambrells downward, with either dogsgrease, which is the best, or trotters oil, which is the second, or the purest clarified hogsgrease that can be got, which is most tolerable, and to work it in with the labour of his hands, and not with melting at the fire, and what he gets not in the first night, will be got in the next morning, and what he gets not in the next morning, will be got in, when he comes to unclothe at the end of the course, so that you shall need to use the ointment but once, but the fricasse or rubbing, as oft as you find opportunity.  
Observations for the giving of water.  
Our keeper shall observe, that albeit I give no directions for the watering of his Horse, in the evening after his heat, yet he may in any of the two latter fortnight's (finding his Horse clear, and that his grease is consumed and come away) somewhat late at night, as about six a clock, give his horse water in reasonable quantity, being lukewarm, and fasting an hour after it; Also if through the unseasonableness of the weather, you cannot water abroad, than you shall at your watering hours, water in the house with warm water (as aforesaid) nor need you in this case to heat all your water, but making a little quantity very hot, put it into a greater, and so make all lukewarm, if you throw an handful of wheat meal, or barm, or oatmeal finly pounded (but Oatmeal is the best) into the water, it is not amiss, but wholesome, and comfortable.  
Observations in the choice of ground to run on.  
Our keeper shall observe, that if the ground whereon he is to run his match be dangerous, and ap● for mischievous accidents, a● strains, slips, bearing, over-reaches, and the like, that then he is not bound to give all his hea●s therein, but having made his horse acquainted with the nature thereof, then either to take part of the course, as a mile, two or three (according to the goodness of the ground,) and so to run his Horse fourth, and back again, which we call turning heats, provided always, that he end his heat at the weighing post, and that he make not his course less, but more in quantity, then that he must run, but if for some especial occasions he liketh no part of the course, than he may many times (but not ever) give his heats upon any other good ground; either forth right, or turning, or round about any spacious & large field, where the Horse may lay down his body, and run at pleasure.  
Observations from sweeting.  
Our keeper shall observe in all his air, heatings, and all manner of exercise, and motions whatsoever, to the sweeting of his Horse, and to the occasions of his sweeting, as if an Horse sweat upon little or no occasion, as walking footpace, standing still in the stable, or the like, it is then aparent that the Horse is faint, foul fed, and wanteth exercise. If upon good occasion, as strong heats, and the like he sweat, yet his sweat is white, frothy, and like soap ●●●s, then is the Horse inwardly foul, and wanteth also exercise, but ●● the sweat be black, and as ●● were only water thrown upon him, then is the Horse in good lust and good case.  
Observations from the Horse's hair.  
Our keeper shall observe well his Horse's hair in general, but especially his neck, and those parts which are uncovered, and if they lie sleek, smooth, and close, then is the Horse in good ease, but if they be rough, and staring, or any way unnaturally discoloured, then is the Horse inwardly cold at the heart, and wanteth both clothes, and warm keeping, or else there is some sickness creeping upon him. Many other observations there be, but these are most material, and I hope sufficient for any reasonable understanding.   

CHAP. XII. How to order▪ feed, and keep▪ any Horse for pleasure, hunting, or travel.  
T would have our keeper of these ordinary Horses, to rise early in the morning by the spring of day, or before, (according to the season of the year) and to sift the horse the quantity of three pints of good old, and dry Oats, and to put to them an handful o● two of spelted-beanes, hulls and all, and so give them to the horse▪  
After he hath eaten them, ●● him dress him according to the order of good horsemanship, that is, first curry with the Comb, than dust, then curry with the brush, than dust, then rub with wet hands, after with an hairy cloth, then with a clean woollen cloth, after with a clean linen cloth, then pick all obscure and secret places, lastly comb down the main, and tail, then saddle him and ride him forth to water, warm him both before and after water, very moderately, and so bring him home dry without sweat.  
Then cloth him up (after you have rubbed his head, body, and legs,) and let him stand on his bridle more than an hour, then give him the former quantity of provender, and the same in kind.  
After he hath eaten his provender, give him into his Rack a pretty bundle of Hay, and so let him rest till after dinner.  
When you have dined, give him the former quantity of provender, and the same in kind, and so let him rest till evening, only receiving his Hay, if there be occasion.  
At evening dress him well as in the morning, then ride him forth to water, and do as you did in the morning.  
When you come home and have clothed him up, let him stand on his bridle as before, then give him the former quantity of provender, and so let him rest till nine a clock at night, at which time give him the former quantity of provender, and a pretty bundle of Hay, and so let him rest till morning.  
Thus you shall do concerning his ordinary keeping at home, where the Horse hath rest, and that you may dispose of hours as you please; but if you be either in travel, in sport, or other occasion, so that you cannot observe these particular times, than you must divide the main and whole quantity of meat into four parts, and greater quantities, and so give them at the best coveniency, ever observing, to give the least quantity before exercise, as a third part before mounture, and the two other, after you come to rest: nor would I have you to distract your mind with any doubt or amazement, because I prescribe you five several times of feeding in one day, as if it should either over-charge you, or over-feed your Horse; questionless there is no such matter, when you look into the true proportion; for it cannot be denied, but whosoever is worthy of a good Horse, or good means to keep a good Horse, cannot allow him less than one peck a day; nay the Carrier, Carter, Poulter, and Packhorse, will allow half a peck at a watering, and this allowance which I set down comes to no more; for fifteen pints of Oats, and one pint ofspelt▪ beans up-heaped, makes two gallons, and that is one peck Winchester measure: now to give it at twice, fills the stomach more, makes the digestion worse, and the appetite weak, whereas to give less, but more oft, the stomach is ever craving, the digestion always ready, and the appetite never wanting; so that health (without disorder) can never be a stranger, therefore once again, thus much for ordinary keeping.  
But if you intent to give the Horse an heat, as to hunt, gallop, travel, or the like, which I would wish you to do once, twice, or thrice a week, then observe your former observations, only the night before, give him little, or no Hay at all.  
In the morning before his heat, very early and before his dressing, give him three or four handfuls of clean sifted Oats, washed either in strong beer, or Ale, then dress him, saddle him, and give him his heat, but if it be sudden, and violent, then let it be when the Horse hath emptied himself very well.  
After his heat rub him sound, and bring him dry into the stable.  
Then after he is clothed up warm, let him stand on his bridle at least two hours, then give him a little bundle of Hay to tear out upon his bridle, and an hour after, feed him as hath been before showed; only with his first Oats, give him an handful or better of hempseed well dusted and mixed.  
At night, warm him a little water, and give it him lukewarm; then an hour after, give him his provender, and a pretty bundle of Hay, and so let him rest till the next morning.  
The next morning do all things as in his ordinary keeping.  
Let him stand on litter both night and day, yet change of●, and keep the plaunchers clean.  
If you intent to travel or journey in the morning, then give no Hay (or but little) in the morning.  
In journeying ride moderately the first hour or two, but after, according to your occasions.  
Water before you come to your Innne (if possible) but if you cannot, then give warm water in the Inn, after the Horse is fully cooled.  
Trotters oil is an excellent ointment, being applied very warm, and well chafed in, to keep your Horse's limbs, and sinews nimble, and to help stiffness, and lameness.  
Neither wash your Horse, nor walk your horse, for the first endangereth foundering in the body or feet, and breedeth all surfeits, the latter is the ground of all strong colds, which turn to glanders, and rottenness, but if necessity compel you to either, as foul ways, or long stays, then rather wash your horses legs with pales of water at the stable door, then to endanger him in Pond, or River. And for walking, rather set one on your horses back to keep his spirits stirring, then to lead him in his hand, and with dull spirits, to receive all manner of mischiefs.  
This I think sufficient for clean and ordinary keeping.   

CHAP. XIII. General observations, helps, and advertisements for any man when he goeth about to buy an Horse.  
THere is nothing more difficult or intricate in all the Art of horsemanship, then to set down constant and uncontrollable resolutions, by which to bind every man's mind to an unity of consent, in the buying of an horse: for (according to the old adage) what is one man's meat, is another man's poison; what one affects, another dislikes. But to proceed according to the rule of reason, the precepts of the ancients, and the modern practice of our present conceived opinions, I will, as briefly as I can, show you those observations, and advertisements which may strengthen you in any difficult election.  
First therefore you are to observe, that if you will elect an Horse for your heart's contentment, you are to take to yourself this principal consideration, namely, the end and purpose for which you elect him, as whether for the Wars, for running, hunting, travel, draught, or burden, every one having their several characters, and their several faces both of beauty and uncomelynesse. But because there is but one truth, and one perfection, I will under the description of the perfect and untainted Horse, show all the imperfections, and attainttures, that either nature, or mischance can put upon the horse of greatest deformity.  
Let me then advise you that intent to buy an horse, to acquaine yourself well, with all the true shapes and excellencies, which belong to an horse, whether it be in his natural and true proportion, or in any accidental; or outward increase or decrease of any limb or member, and from their contraries, to gather all things that may give dislike, or off●h●●.  
To begin therefore with the first principles of election, you shall understand, that they are divided into two especial heads, the one general, the other particular.  
The general rule of election is, first the end for which you buy, than his breed, or generation, his colour, his pace, and his s●atuity and these are said to be generally because the first (which is the end for which you buy) is a thing shut up only in your own ●●●●● The other which is breed, you must either take it from faithful report, your own knowledge, or from some known and certain characters, by which one strain or one Country is distringuished from another, as the Neapolitan is known by his hauk-nose, the Spaniard, by his small limb, the Barbary, by his fine head, the Dutch by his rough legs, the English, by his general strong and clean knit together, and so forth of diverse other.  
As for his colour, although there is no colour exempt utterly from goodness (for I have seen good of all) yet there are some better reputed than others, as the Dapple-gray for beauty, the brown-bay for service, the black with silver hairs for courage, and the Lyard, or true mixed Rouen for continuance; as for the Sorrel, the black without white, and the unchangeable Iron-gray, they are reputed choleric; the bright-bay, the fleabitten, and the black with white marks, are sanguinists; the blankwhite, the yellow dun, the kiteglewed, and the piebald are phlegmatic, and the chestnut, the mousedunne, the redbay, and the blewgray, are melancholy.  
Now for his pace, which is either Trot, Amble, Rack, or Gallop, you must refer it to the end also, for which you buy, as if i● be for the wars, hunting, running, or your own private disposition, than the trot is most tolerable, and this motion you shall know by a cross moving of the Horses limbs, as when the fa●●● foreleg, and the near hinde●●Spand●● or the near foreleg, and the far●● hinder leg move and go forw●●● in one instant, and in this moti●● the neater the Horse taketh 〈◊〉 limbs from the ground, the ●p●ner, the evener, and the shorter he treadeth, the better is his pace; for to take up his feet slovenly, shows stumbling, and lameness; to tread narrow, or cross, shows interfering, or falling; to step uneven, shows toil, and weariness, and to tread long, shows overreaching.  
Now if you elect for ease, great persons seats, or long travel, than ambling is required, and this motion is contrary to trotting, for now both the feet on one side must move equally together, that is, his far foreleg, and his far hinder-leg, or the near foreleg, and the near hinder-leg, and this motion must go just, large, smooth, and nimble, for to tread false takes away all ease, to tread short, rids ●o ground, to tread rough, shows ●olling, and to ●read unnimbly ●hewes a false pace that never continueth▪ as also lameness.  
If you elect for buck-hunting, for galloping on the high way, for post, hackney, or the likes, than a racking pace is required, and this motion is the same that Ambling is, only it is in a swifter time, and a shorter tread, and though it rid not so much ground, yet it is a little more easy.  
Now to all these paces, must be joined a good gallop, 〈…〉 naturally every trotting and racking horse hath, the ambler is a little unapt thereunto, because the motions are both one, so that being put to a greater swiftness of pace then naturally he 〈…〉 acquainted with all, he 〈…〉 his legs confusedly, and 〈…〉 der, but being trained 〈◊〉, and made to understand the motion, he will as well undertake in as any trotting horse what 〈…〉 Now in a good gallop, you ●●●●● observe these virtues, First ●●●● the horse which taketh his 〈◊〉 nimbly from the ground, but doth not raise them high, that neither rolleth nor beateth himself, that stretcheth out his forelegs, follows nimbly with his hinder; and neither cutteth under the kn●● (which is called the swiftcut) nor crosseth, nor claps one foot upon another, and ever leadeth with his far forefoot, and not with the near, this horse is said ever to gallop most comely, and most true, and is the fittest for speed, or any other like employment. If he gallop round and raise his fore-feets, he is then said to gallop strongly, but not swiftly, and is fittest for the great saddle, the wars, and strong encounters, if he gallop slow, yet sure, he will serve for the highway, but if he labour confusedly, and gallop painfully, then is he good for no galloping service, besides it shows some hidden & obscure lameness.  
Lastly touching his stature, it must be referred to your own judgement, and the end for which you buy him, ever observing that the biggest and strongest, are fittest for strong occasions, as great burdens, strong draughts, and double carriage, the middle size for pleasure, and general employments, the least for ease, street walks, and Summer hackney.  
Now touching the particular rule of election, it is contained in the discovery of natural deformities, accidental outward sorro●gances, or inward hidden mischieft, which are so many, and so inf●●● that it is a world of work to explain them, yet for satisfaction sake, I will in as methodical manner as I can, and the rather because it is a labour I never undertood in this manner before, briefly, and and according to the best conceived opinions, show what you ●●● to observe in this occasion.  
First therefore, when an horse is brought unto you to buy, being satisfied for his breed, colour, and stature, then see him stand naked before you, and placing yourself before his face, take a strict view of his countenance, and the cheerfulness thereof, for it is an excellent glass wherein to see his goodness, as thus.  
If his ear be small, thin, sharp, pricked, and moving, or if they be long, yet well set on, and well carried, it is a mark of beauty, goodness, and mettle, but if they be thick, laved, or lolling, wide set on, and unmoving, then are they signs of dulness, doggedness, and ill nature.  
If his face be clean, his forehead swelling outward, the mark or feather in his face set high, as above his eyes, or at the top of his eyes, if he have a white star, or white rache of an indifferent size, and even placed, or a white ship on his nose, all are marks of beauty and goodness, but if his face be fat, cloudy, or scawling, his forehead flat as a trencher (which we call marefaced) the mark of his forehead stand low, as under his eyes, if his star or rache stand worse or in an evil posture, or instead of a ship, his nose be ●a● and unhairy, or his face generally balld, all are signs of deformity.  
If his eyes be round, big, black, shining, staring, or starting from his head, if the black of the ey● fill the pit or outward circumference, so that in the moving none of the white appeareth, all are signs of beauty, goodness, and metal: but if his eyes be uneven, and of a wrinkled proportion, if they be little (which we call pig-eied) both are uncomely signs of weakness: if they be ●●● and fiery, take heed of moon eyes, which is next doote to blindness, if white, and walled, it shows a weak sight, and unnecessary starting or finding of boggards, if with white specks, take heed of the pearl, pin and web, if they water or show bloody, it shows bruises, and if they matter, they show old over-riding, and festered rheums, or violent strains and colds, if they look dead or dull, or are hollow and much sunk, take heed of blindness, at the best the beast is of an old decrepit generation, if the black fill not the pit, but the white is always appearing, or if in moving the white and black be seen in equal quantity, it is a sign of weakness, and an aged disposition.  
If handling of his cheeks or chaps, you find the bones lean and thin, the space wide between them, the throppell or wind pipe big as you can gripe, and the void place without knots or kernels, and generally the jaws so open, that the neck beseemeth to couch within them, they are all excellent signs of great wind, courage, and soundness of head and body, but if the chaps be fat and thick, the space between them closed up with gross substance, and the throppell little, all are signs of short wind, and much inward foulness, if the void place be full of knots and kernels, take heed of the strangle, or glanders, at the best, the horse is not without a foul cold, if his jaws be so strait that his neck swelleth above them, if it be no more but natural, it is only an uncomely sign of strait wind, and pursinesse or grossness, but if the swelling be long, and close by his chaps like a whetstone, then take heed of the veins, or some other unnatural imposthume.  
If his nostrils be open, dry, wide, and large, so as upon any straining, the very inward redness is discovered, and if his muzzle be small, his mouth deep, and his lips equally meeting, they are all good signs of wind, health, and courage, but if his nostrils be strait, his wind is little, if his muzzle be gross, his spirit is dull, if his mouth be shallow he will never carry a bit well, and if his upper lip will not reach his neither, old age, or infirmity hath marked him for carrion, and if his nose be moist and dropping; if it be clear water, it is a cold, if foul matter, beware the glanders; if both nostrils run, it is hurtful, but if one, then most dangerous.  
Touching his teeth, and their virtues, they are at large set down in a former chapter touching the horse's age, only remember you never buy an horse that wanteth any, for as good loose all as one.  
From his head look down to his breast, and see that it be bread, out-swelling, and adorned with many feathers, for that shows strength, and endurance, the little breast is uncomely, and shows weakness, the narrow breast, is apt to stumble, fall, and enterfarre before, and the breast that is hidden inward, and wanteth the beauty, and division of many feathers, shows a weak armed heart, and a breast that is unwilling, and unfit for any toil, or strong labour.  
Next look down from his elbow, to his knee, and see that th●●● forethighes be rush grown, ●●l horned within, sinowed, 〈◊〉 & out-swelling, for they are good signs of strength, the 〈◊〉 show weakness, and are unnatural.  
Then look on his knees that they carry an equal, and an even ●vall proportion, be lean, sinewy, and close knit, for they are good and comely, if one be bigger, or ●ounder than another, the Horse hath received mischief, if they ●ee gross, the horse is gouty, and if they have scars, or hair broken, it is a true mark of a stumbling jade, and a perpetual faller.  
From his knees, look down his legs to his pasterns, and if you ●inde them clean, lean, flat, and sinewy, and the inward bought of his knee without a seam, or hair broken, than he shows good shape and soundness, but if on the in●de of the leg you find hard knots, ●hey are splints, if on the outside, ●hey are serewes, or excressions, ●f under his knee be scabs on the ●●side, it is the swiftcut, and he will ill endure galloping, if above ●is pasterns on the inside you find scabs, it shows enterfayring, b● if the scabs be generally over ●● legs, it is either extreme fo●● keeping, or a spice of the maun●● if his legs be fat, round, and flesh●● he will never endure labour, a● if on the inward bought of ● knees you find seams, scabs, ● hair broken, it shows a malland● which is a cankerous ulcer.  
Look then on his pastern jo● and on his pastern, the first ●● be clean and well knit together the other must be short, strong●● upright standing, for if the fir●● big or swelled, take heed of ●in●● strains, and gurding, if the o●● be long, weak, or bending, ●● limbs will hardly carry the b●● without tearing.  
For the hooves in general th● would be black, smooth, tough rather a little long, than ro●g● they must be hollow, and ●● sounding, for a white hoo●●● tender, and carries a shoe ill, a tough, gross seamed hoof, shows ●ld age, or over-heating, a brittle ●oofe will carry no shoe at all, an extraordinary round hoof is ill ●●r foul ways, or deep hunting, ● flat hoof that is pummifsed, ●ewes foundering, and an hoof ●at is empty and hollow sound●g, shows a decayed inward part, ● reason of some wound, or dry ●under, as for the crownet of ●e hoof, if the hair lie smooth & ●ose, and the flesh flat and even, ● is perfect, but if the hair be sta●●g, the skin scabbed, & the flesh ●●ng, then look for a Ringbone, ●●owne scab, or like mischief. ● After this, stand by the side of ●●horse, and first look to the setting on of his head, and see that stand neither too high, nor too 〈◊〉, but in a direct line, and that ● neck be small at the setting ●, and long, growing deeper, and deeper, till it come to hi● shoulders, with an high, strong and thin crest, and his 〈…〉 long, soft, and somewhat curling for these are beautiful characte●● whereas to have the head ill 〈◊〉 on, is the greatest deformity, 〈◊〉 have any bigness, or swelling 〈◊〉 the nape of the neck, shows 〈◊〉 pole▪ evil, or beginning of 〈…〉, to have a short think neck 〈◊〉 a bull, to have it falling at the 〈◊〉 others, to have a low, a weak ● thick, or a falling crest, show 〈◊〉 want both of strength, and a tall, to have much hair 〈◊〉 mane, shows intolerable 〈…〉 to have it too thin, she 〈…〉 and to have none, or to 〈…〉 the worm in the maw, 〈◊〉 or else maunginesse.  
Look then to the 〈…〉 back that it be broad, 〈…〉 strait, his ribs well 〈…〉 and bending outward, 〈…〉 upright, strong, and short, and not above 4 fingers between his last rib and his huckle bone, let his body be well let down, yet hidden within his ribs, & let his stones be close trust upto his body, for all these are marks of good perfection, whereas to have his chine narrow, he will never carry a saddle without wounding, and to have it bendig nor saddle backed, shows weakness, to have it ●ammell backed, it may show strength, but ●is uncomely, to have his ribs flat, ●here is no liberty for the wind, ●o have his filled hanging long, or weak, he will never climb an ●ill well, nor carry burden, and ●o have his belly clung up, and gaunt, or his stones hanging down, ●oose or side, they are both signs of sickness, tenderness, foundering in the body, and unaptness ●or labour.  
Then look upon his buttock,  
Then look upon his buttocks, and see that it be round, plump, full, and in an even level with his body, or if long, that it be● well raised behind, and spread forth at the setting on of the tail, for these are comely and beautiful, the narrow prime buttock, the hog, or swine ru●●●, and the falling or down▪ let buttock, are full of deformity, and show both an injury in nature, and that they are neither fit or bee●●● ming for pad, foot-cloth, ●● pillion.  
Then look to his hinder-thigh● or gascoynes, that they be ●●ll let down even to the middle 〈◊〉 thick, brawny, full, and swelling▪ for that is a grea● arguments o● strength and goodness, whereof the lean, lank slender th●●● shows disability and weak 〈…〉  
Then look upon the 〈…〉 joint behind, and if it be nothing but skin and bone, veins, sinews, and rather a little bending, then too strait, than it is perfect as it should be, but if it have chaps or sores on the inward bought or bending, then that is a selander; if the joint be swelled generally all over, than he hath got a blow or bruise; if the swelling be particular, as in the pot, or hollow part, or on the inside, and the vein full and proud, if the swelling be soft, it is a blood spaven, if hard, it is a bone spaven, but if the swelling be just behind, below the knuckle, than it is a curb.  
Then look to his hinder-legs, and if they be lean, clean, flat, and sinewy, than all is well, but if they be fat they will not endure labour, if they be swelled, the the grease is molten into them, if they be scabbed above the pastern, he hath the scratches, if he have chaps under his pasterns, he hath the pains, or males, and none of these but are dangerous, and noisome.  
Lastly, for the setting on of his tail, where there is a good buttock, the tail can never stand ill; and where there is an evil buttock, there the tail can never stand well; for it ought to stand broad, high, flat, and couched a little inward.  
Thus I have showed you ●●●● shapes, and true deformities; yo● may in your choice please your own fancy.   

CHAP. XIIII. An uncontrollable way how to know the age of any Horse.  
THere are seven outward characters by which to know the age of every Horse.  
As namely, his teeth, his hooves, his tail, his eyes, his skin, his hair, and the bars in his mouth.  
If you will know his age by his teeth, you must understand, that an Horse hath in his head just forty teeth, that is to say, six great wonge teeth above, and six below on one side, and as many on the other, which makes twenty four, and are called his grinders, than six above, and six below in the fore part of his mouth which are called gatherers, and make 36 then four tusks one above, and one below of one side, and one above, and one below on the otherside, which is just forty: now the first year he hath his foals teeth, which are only grinders and gatherers, but no tusks, and they be small, white, and bright to look upon.  
The second year he changeth the four foremost teeth in his head, that is, two above, and two below in the midst of the ●owes, and they will appear browner, and bigger than the other.  
At three years old he changeth the teeth next unto them, and leaveth no apparent foals teeth before, but two of each side above and below; which are also bright and small.  
At four years old he changeth the teeth next unto them, and leaveth no more foals teeth but one on each side, both above and below.  
At five years old his form oft teeth will be all changed, but then he hath his tusks on each side complete, and the last foals teeth which he cast; those which come up in their place, will be hollow, and have a little black speck in the midst, which is called the mark ●n the horses mouth, and continueth till he be eight years old.  
At six years old he putteth up ●is new tusks, near about which ●ou shall see most apparently growing a little circuit of new and young flesh at the bottom of the ●oth, besides the tush will be ●hite, small, short, and sharp.  
At seven years old, all his teeth ●ill have their perfect growth, ●●d the mark in the horse's mouth before spoken of) will be plain● seen, although decaying.  
At eight years old, all his teeth will be full, smooth, and plain●, the black speck or mark being hardly to be discerned, and his tusks will be more yellow then ordinarily.  
At nine years old, his foremost teeth will show longer, broader, yellower, and fouler, than a younger years, and his tusks will be bluntish.  
At ten years old, in the inside of his upper tusks will be no holes at all to be felt with your finger's end, which till that age you shall ever most perfectly feel, beside the temples of his head will begin to be crooked, and hollow.  
At eleven years old, his teeth will be exceeding long, very ●●● low, black, and foul, only ●● will cut even, and his teeth will stand directly opposite one against another.  
At twelve years old, his 〈◊〉 will be long, yellow, black, and foul, but then his upper teeth will overreach, and hang over his neither teeth.  
At thirteen years old, his tusks will be worn some what close to his chaps (if he be a much ridden horse) otherwise they will be black, foul, and long like the tusks of a Boar.  
If a horses hoofs be rugged, and as it were seamed, one seam over another, and many; If they be dry, full, and crusty, it is a sign of very old age, as on the contrary part, a smooth, moist, hollow, and well sounding hoof, is a sign of young years.  
If you take your Horse with your singer and your thumb by the stern of the tail, close at the setting on by his buttock, and fee●ing there hard, if you feel of each side his tail a joint stick out more than any other joint, by the bigness of an hazle nut, than you may presume the horse is ten years old or above, but if his joints be all plain, and no such thing to be felt, than he is under ten, and may be much younger.  
If an horses eyes be round, full, and staring, or starting from his head, if the pits over them be filled smooth & even with his temples, and no wrinkles either about his brow, or under his eyes, than the horse is young; If otherwise you see the contrary characters, it is a sign of old age.  
If you take up a horse's skin on any part of his body, betwixt your finger and your thumb, and pluck it from his flesh, then letting it go again, if it suddenly return to the place from whence it came, and be smooth & plain without wrinkle, than the horse is young and full of strength, but if being pulled up, it stand and not return to his former place, than he is very old and wasted.  
If a horse that is of any dark colour shall grow gryssell only about his eye brows, or underneath his main, or any horse of a whitish colour shall grow meanelld, with either black or red meanells universally over his body, than both are infallible signs of extreme old age.  
Lastly, if the bars in his mouth be great, deep, and handle rough, and hard, then is the horse very old, but if they be soft, shallow, and handle gently and tenderly, then is the horse young, and in lust. And thus much of the age of an horse.    

THE BOOK OF CURES. Containing certain infallible helps and cures, for those infirmities which are most dangerous, and do commonly attend all Horses, especially, the Running- Horse.  

CHAP. I. Of sickness in general.  
WHensoever upon any occasion you shall find your horse to droop in countenance, to forsake his meat, or to show any other apparent sign of sickness; if they be not great, you may forbear to let blood, because where blood is spent, the spirits are spent also, and they are not easily recovered. But if the signs be great and dangerous, then by all means let blood instantly, and for three mornings together (the horse being fasting) give him half an ounce of the powder called Diahexaple, brewed either in a pint of muskadine, or malmsey, or a pint of the syrup of sugar, being two degrees above the ordinary mollosses, or for want thereof, Mollosses will serve the turn, or where all are wanting, you may take a pint either of carduus water, or dragon water, or a quart of the sweetest, and strongest Alewort, or in extremity, take a quart of strong ale or beer, but then warm it a little on the fire, and this must be given with an horn; and if the Horse have ability of body, ride him in some warm place after it, and let him fast near two hours after riding.  
At noon give him a sweet mash, cloth warm, and let him touch no cold water.  
Now for the exact and true making of this rare powder, which I call Diahexaple, because no man ●hat I know, either Apothecary or other, doth at this day make it truly, partly because it is an experiment lately come to my knowledge by conference with learned Physicians, and partly because our medicine-makers are in horse physic less curious than they should be; through which errors, there is produced to the world an abundance of false mixtures, which both deceiveth the honest horse-master, kills the harmless horse, and disgraceth the well meaning Farrier:  
To repair all which, I will here set down at large, the true manner of making this admirable powder; together with the vertue● and operations thereof.   

CHAP. II. The manner of making the true Diahexaple.  
TAke the roots of round Aris●●●gia, and the r●●● of Gentian, ●●● them, scrape th●● and purify the● as clean as may be, then take ●● niper-berries unexcorticated, ●●● Bay-berries excorticated, take the purest and best drops of Mirth and the finest shave of ●●●ri● of each an equal quantity, I ●ea● all but the Myrrh together in ● mortar, and searce them through a fine searce, lastly bear the myrrh, and searce it also, then mix and incorporate all together, press it hard into a galley-pot, and keep it, and use it as you have occasion.   

CHAP. III. The virtues of this rare powder Diahexaple.  
THis powder (or indeed Mithridate) called Diahexaple, is most excellent and sovereign against all manner of poison, either inward or outward, cureth the biting of venomous beasts, and helpeth short wind, and pursicknesse. Dodoneus.  
It mundifieth, and cleanseth, ●uppleth, and maketh thin all gross humours, it healeth all diseases of the Liver, and stomach, helps digestion, and being given in a pint of sack, it cureth all manner of colds, is good against consumptions, breaks gleam, helps the staggers, and all diseases in the head. Garrets Herb.  
It recovers tearing and weariness, takes away cramps, and convulsions, dries up the scurvy, breaks the stone, opens all inward obstructions, and helps the yellows, the Gargill, and the Dro● sie. Dioscorides.  
It cures all diseases of the 〈…〉 as Glanders, and Rotten●●●● gives ease to all gripings, and erspamer dinesse of the belly, provoketh 〈◊〉 rind, takes away infection, and 〈…〉 worms. Galen.   

CHAP. FOUR The true manner of making these Cordial balls, which cure any violent cold, or glanders, which prevent heart-sicknesse, which purge away all molten grease, which recover a lost stomach, which keep the herat from fainting with exercise, and make a lean horse fat suddenly. ●ide Chap. 9 or 4 in the cures.  
TAke of Anniseeds, of Commin-seedes, of Fenegreeke-seeds, of Carthamus-seeds, of Ely campane roots, and of Coltsfoot, of each two ounces beatenand fear't to a very fine dust, then ●dde to them two ounces of the lower of Brimstone, then take an ●unce of the juice of Liquorice, ●nd dissolve it▪ on the fire in half a pint of white wine, which done, take an ounce of the Chemical oil of Anniseeds, then of salad-oil, of life honey, and of the syrup of sugar, or for want thereof, then of mollosses, of each half a pint, then mix all this with the former powders, and with as much fine wheat flower, as will bind and knit them altogether▪ work them into a stiff paste, an● make thereof balls somewhat bigger than French walnuts, huls and all, and so keep them in a close galley-pot, for they will last ●● the year.  
Yet I do not mean 〈…〉 shall keep them in the pot in balls, for so, because they cannot ●● close, the air may get in and ●● hurt, as also the strength of the oils will sweat outward, and weaken the substance, therefore knead the whole ●●mp of paste in to the galley-pot, and make 〈…〉 balls, as you have occasion to use them.  
Now for the use of these balls, because they are cordial, and have diverse excellent virtues, you shall understand that if you use them to prevent sickness, than you shall take one of these balls, and anoint it over with sweet butter, and so give it the horse in the morning, in the manner of a pill, then ride him a little after it if you please, otherwise you may choose, and feed and water him at home or abroad, according to your usual custom, and thus do three or four mornings together.  
If you use them to cure either cold, or glanders, then use them in the same manner for a week together. If you use them to fatten an horse, then give them for a fortnight together.  
But if you use them in the nature of a scouring, to take away molten grease or foulness (of which I spoke in a former chapter). then instantly after his heat, and in his heat to use (as I showed before also.)  
Again, if you find your horse at any time hath taken a little cold▪ as you shall perceive by his inward ratlings, if then you take one of these balls, and dissolve it in a pint of sack, and so give it the horse, it is a present remedy. Also to dissolve the ball in his ordinary water, being made milk warm, it worketh the like effect, and fatneth exceedingly.  
To give one of these balls before travel, it prevents tearing, to give it in the height of travel, it re●t●●●eth weariness, and to give it after, it saves an horse from all su●fens and inward sickness. And thu● you shall spend this third ●o●night.   

CHAP. V. An approved cure for the Bots, and all manner of worms of what nature soever.  
TAke a quart of new milk, and as much clarified honey as will make it extraordinary sweet, then being lukewarm, give it the horse early in the morning, he having fasted all the night before; which done, bridle him up, and let him stand tied to the empty rack for more than two hours, then take half a pint of white-wine, and dissolve into it a good spoonful or more of black soap, than the horse having stood two hours as aforesaid, give it him to drink, then ride and chafe him a little, and let him fast other two hours, and the worms will avoid in great abundance.   

CHAP. VI Another most excellent receipt for the Bots, or any worms, which is most easy, most safe, and mo●● certain.  
TAke the soft downy hair which grows in the ear of an horse, and which you clip away when you cowl him, and the little short ●●● which grows on the top of his forehead, underneath his foretop, and having a pretty quantity of them, mix them well with a pottle of sweet oats, and so give the● to the horse, and there is not any thing will kill worms more ●●●●redly.   

CHAP. VII. An excellent purgation when a Horse is dangerously sick of his grease, or of costiveness.  
TAke a pint of old white wine, and set it on the fire, then dissolve into it a lump, half as much as an Hens-egge, of castle-soap, and stir them well together, then take it off, and put into it two good spoonfuls of hempseed beaten, and an ounce and an half of sugar-candy beaten to powder, and brew all well together, then having warmed the horse to stir up his grease, and other foul humours, give him this to drink, and walk him up and down a little after it, to make the potion work, than set him up warm, & after a little stirring up & down in his stall, if he grow sickish, give him liberty to lie down. After two or three hours fasting, give him a sweet mash, then feed as at other times.   

CHAP. VIII. For laxativenesse, or extreme looseness.  
TAke a quart of red-wine, and set it on the fire, then put into it ●● ounce and an half of Bolearmonie in powder, and two ounces and an half of the Conserve of sloes, then stir and ●●●● them well together, after take it▪ from the fire, and put to it a spoonful or two of the powder of Cinnamon, and brewing all well together, give it the horse.  
Let him fast two hours after it, and let him eat no washed meat: Hay is wholesome, so is bread and oats, if they be well mixed with beans, or wheat, but not otherwise.   

CHAP. IX. An infallible help for the stone or pain of urine by wind, causing sickness.  
MAke a strong ●ecoction (that is to say boil your first quantity of water, to an half part 3-times over) of keen onions clean ●ill'd, and chopped, and parsley; then take a quart thereof, and put ●o it a great spoonful of London●reackle, as much of the powder of eggshells, and give it the horse to drink, and thus do diverse mornings, if the in fir mitie be great, otherwise when you see the horse offended.   

CHAP. X. An approved medicine to cure and break any old festered cold, and to dry up a foul running glanders.  
TAke a pint of verjuice, and put to it so much strong mustard ●●●●● with wine vinegar, ●● will make the verjuice strong and keen thereof, then take an ounce and more of roach-allome, and beat it to powder, then when you give this to the horse, as y●● fill your horn, so with a knife or spoon, put some of the allome into the horn, and so give it the horse, part at the mouth, and part at both his nostrils, but especially at the nostril which runneth most, then ride and chafe him a little after it, then set up warm; at noon give him a warm mash, and at all times give no cold water, but when he may have exercise after it. And thus drench the horse three days together, and it will be sufficient.   

CHAP. XI. Another for a violent cold.  
TAke of white wine vinegar half a pint, and as much salad-oil, brew them well together, and then put to it an ounce and a half of sugar-candy in powder, and so give it the horse, and stir him a little after it; This is exceeding good but it will occasion sickness for a small time.   

CHAP. XII. An excellent Cordial powder for any ordinary cold, and to prepare an Horse before travel, to refresh him in travel, and to preserve him from mischief after travel.  
TAke of English liquorice, and of elicampaneroots of each one ounce, of sugar-candy an ounce and an half, beat them to fine powder, and searce them, keep the powder in a box, and when you have occasion to use it, if it be for a cold, then give it in sweet wine, or strong ale, but if in ale, then take a quart, and so give it both before travel, at your hair in travel, and in your Inn, or at home, immediately after travel.   

CHAP. XIII. An excellent scouring, when other scourings will not work.  
TAke of sweet butter a quarter of a pound, half so much Castle-soap, beat them well together, then add to them two spoonfuls of hempseed bruised, of Aniseed, a spoonful bruised, of sugar-candy an ounce, of Resin bruise half a spoonful, work all these into a paste, and give it the horse in the manner of pills, immediately after his heat, or when you have warmed him and stirred up the grease and foulness within him.   

CHAP. XIIII. An admirable water for any sore eye, or to clear any dim sight, at moone-eys, and the like.  
TAke the stone Lap●●● laminarius, and 〈◊〉 red hot in the fire, th●● quench it in a pint 〈◊〉 white wine, and thus do 〈◊〉 times together, then add 〈◊〉 the quantity of wine, half so much of the juice of houseleek, and with this water bathe the eye twice or thrice a day, and it is excellent against any imperfection therein   

CHAP. XV. Another water for any sore eye, no less precious than the former.  
TAke a pint of Snow-water, and dissolve into it 3 or four drams of white Vitriol, and with it wash the Horse's eyes three or four times a day, and the effect is great.   

CHAP. XVI. For any extreme blow or bruiseon the eye, for any pearl, pin, web, or unnatural film, or foulness.  
TAke of woman's 〈…〉 (if it can be got) o● f●● want of it, new 〈◊〉 from the Cow, 〈…〉 three spoonfuls, and half 〈◊〉 much of the juice of Sella●●●●, mix them well together, and with a quill drop it into the eye; t●●●● take the whites of a couple of 〈◊〉 and beat them to an oil, and mi● with it half so much of the juice of houseleek, and the like quantity of Rose-water, and beat all together, then make round plediants of flax, and dip them therein, and lay it over the eye, and bind 〈…〉 thereon, then as you find it dries, so renew it.   

CHAP. XVII. The master medicine of all medicines for a back-sinew strain, or any grease, straightness, shrinking, or numbness of sinews.  
TAke a fat sucking 〈◊〉 whelp, slay it, and boil it, then stop the body as full as it can hold of grey snails, and black snails, then roast it at a reasonable fire, when it begins to warm, baste it with six ounces of the oil of spike made yellow with saffron, and six ounces of the oil of wax; then save the drippings, and what moisture so ever falls from it, whilst any drop will fall, and keep it in a galley-pot, with this ointment anoint the grieved part, and work it in very hot, holding an hot ●ar of Iron before it, and thus do both morning and evening, till the cure be finished.   

CHAP. XVIII. Saint Anthony, his only excellent cure, for any strain, or swelling▪  
TAke Commin-seede and bruise it gross, and boil it with the oil of camomile, then add to it so much yellow wax as will bring it to the body of a Cerrot or plaster, and spread it on either cloth or leather, and very hot apply it to the grief.  
It is a wonderful sovereign for any man also.   

CHAP. XIX. Another, for any desperate old strain, whether it be in the shoulder, joints, hips, or back-sinewes.  
TAke of Aquavitae a pint, of oyle-de-bay, of oil of swallows, and of black soap, of each half a pint, work and labour all these together, till they come to a thin ointment, then take of camomile, and of red sage an handful, of rue, and of misseldine an handful, dry them and bring them to a fine powder, then mix it with the former ointment, and bring all to a gentle salve; with some of this salve made as hot as the horse can suffer it, anoint the strain, and hold an hot bar of Iron before it, chafing it with your hand as much as may be, and thus do once a day, and in nine days the cure hath been effected.   

CHAP. XX. An excellent charge for any new strain or offence on the sinews, or any grief proceeding from heat.  
TAke the whites of half a dozen of eggs, and beat them well with a pint of wine-vinegar▪ and an ounce of the oil of Roses▪ and as much of the oil of Myrtills, then take four ounces of Bolearmonie, and as much Sanguis draconis, and with as much bean flower, or wheat flower (but bean flour is the best) as will thicken it, bring it to a stiff salve, the● spreading it upon hurds, lap it about the grieved place, and renew it as it drieth.   

CHAP. XXI. A perfect cure for a new sinew-straine.  
TAke a live Cat either wild or tame, and cut off her head and tail, then cleave her down the chine, and clap her hot the bowels and all to the strain, and remove it not for forty eight hours▪ and the ●ffect is great.   

CHAP. XXII. Markham's one Balm, which hath never failed him for any strain in the shoulder, or other part, hid or apparent, or for any windgall, pain or swelling whatsoever.  
TAke ten ounces of the ●●● and purest peece-grease, a●● melt it upon the fire, then 〈…〉 off, and put into it four ounces of the oil of spike, one ounce of the oil of Origanum, and an ounce and an half of the oil of Exeter, stir them well together, then put● up into a galley-pot.  
With this ointment (or indeed precious Balm) anoint the grieved part, the ointment being made exceeding hot, and rub an● chafe it in with all painfulness holding an hot bar of Iron before it. And thus anoint it one in two days, but rub and chafe it in twice or thrice a day at the least, and give the horse moderate exercise.  
This is approved and infallible.   

CHAP. XXIII. For sinews that are extended, over-strained, and so weakened, that the member is useless.  
TAke of Cantharideses, of mercury, and of Euforbium, of each a like quantity, and of oyle-de-bay double as much as of all the rest, bring the hard simples to powder, and beat all together to a salve, apply this to the grief, so there be no scab or wound, and it will give strength and straightness to the sinews.   

CHAP. XXIIII. For a sinew-straine newly done, to help it in twenty four hours.  
TAke of the grounds of Ale or Beer a quart, and put into it as much parsley chopped gross, as you can hold in your hand, boil them till the herb be soft, then put to it a quarter of a pound of sweet butter, and when it is molten, take it from the fire, and put into it a pint of wine-vineger, and if it be too thin, thicken it with a little wheat-bran, then lay it upon hurds, and poultus-wise apply it to the grief, as hot as the Horse can suffer it.   

CHAP. XXV. An admirable unguent to take away all aches, and hid pains, strains and sinew strains.  
TAke of Deere-suet, or for want of it, sweet butter half a pound, of Aquavitae a gill, of saffron half a dram, of pepper finely beaten and seared three drams, of Garlic bruised three heads, mix all together, and let them stew on the fire, and not boil, till it come to a salve;  
With this very warm chafe the grief, then anoint a brown paper therewith, and hot, apply it to the place also, and so roll it up: do thus morning and evening.   

CHAP. XXVI. For swelled or gourded legs, whether it be by reason of grease falling into them, or other accident, as scratches, pains, mules, etc.  
IF your Horse's legs be ●●ell'd only because the gr●●se is fallen into them, and that there is no other outward ●lcer, neither will the bathing with cold fountain water, and other ordinay helps assuage them, than you shall take a piece of strong course woollen cloth, and theriot make him an hose, a pretty deal larger than his leg, to reach fro● the lower part of his pastern, up ●● the Cambrell, or the knee, an● make it close and strait at th● pastern, and wide above. The● take a pottle of wine lees (if yo● can get them) or else the ground● or lees of strong ale or beer, and set them on the fire, and boil them well, then put to it a pound of hogsgrease, and when it is molten and stirred well together, take as much wheat-bran as will thicken it, and bring it to the body of a poultus.  
With this poultus (as hot as the horse can suffer it, only you must not scald) fill the hose, or hoses, and then close the hose at the top.  
With this poultus let the Horse stand two days, than the third day open the hose at the top, but stir not the poultus, only take molten hogsgrease, hot as the Horse can suffer it, and with a spoon lad it unto the poultus on every side, till it will receive no more, for this will renew the strength of the poultus, then close up the top of the hose, and so let the horse stand other 2. days, or 3. then you may open the leg, and rub it down, and if strong occasion, you may apply another new poultus, if not, your cure is wrought.  
Now if besides the swelling of his legs, your horse hath ulcers, and chaps, as scratches, pains, mules, or the like, than you shall first apply the former poultus in all respects as aforesaid, then after five or six day's application (when you take the poultus away) you shall take a quart of old urine, and put to it an handful of salt, as m●ch Allome, half an ounce of whi●● copporice, and boil all well t● gether, then with this water (very hot) wash the sores once or twice a day, and after a little drying▪ ●noint them with the ointment called Aegyptiacum, and is made o●wi● neger, 8 ounces; of honey, 12 ounces, of verdigrease, two ounces of Allome one ounce and an half boiled to that height, till it come to a red salve. And it will both kill the malignant humours, and also heal and dry up the sores.   

CHAP. XXVII. For gourdings, swellings, and pain in the joints.  
MAke a very strong brine of water and salt, and to a quart thereof, put two or three handfuls of Rew, and boil it till the herb be soft, then with this water very hot, bathe the grieved part well; Then take a flat bag filled with salt, and he ated hot at the fire, and lap it about the grief also, then roll it up, and thus do once or twice a day, and it is a good cure.   

CHAP. XXVIII. Another approved cure for the scratches, or any disease of that nature, as Mallander, selander, etc.  
TAke of hogsgrease, and blacke-soape, of ●●●● eight ounces, of 〈…〉 stone, of lime, of ●●Spand●● powder, of each three ounces; ●●● of soot, as much as will suffice to bring the rest to a salve; boil the hogsgrease and soap together, and bring the other hard simples to a fine powder, and so mix all together, and make a black ointment, with this anoint the so●● once a day, after they are cleansed and made raw.   

CHAP. XXIX. For any splente, spaven, curb, ring-bone, or any hard knot, or ex●rescion.  
FIrst having taken view of the excrestion, clip away the hair as far as the excrestion goeth, and a little thought more, then ●ake a piece of Allomd-leather, ●ade as big just as the place you ●ave bared, and fitted to the same proportion, then take a little shoemakers wax, and spread it round ●bout the very edge, or verge of ●he same, leaving all the inward or ●iddle part empty, and not touched▪ with the wax, according to this ●igure. O Then take of the herb  
Spear-grasse, which hath the ver●ue to raise blisters, and bruising it in a mortar, lay some thereof upon the leather, in the void and empty place, which ought to contain the just quantity, of the kne● or excression, and bind it fa● thereon, suffering it to lie (if i●● in the spring or summer time whe● the herb hath its full strength and virtue) about half a 〈…〉 if it be in the winter, 〈◊〉 herb hath less virtue; 〈◊〉 if to renew the strength of t●● herb, you add to it a drop or t● of the oil of Origanum, and ● it lie half a day fully. And ●● sure to tie up the horse's head tw● or three hours, for fear of ●●ting it away.  
When you have taken off t●● plaster, anoint the place wi● Trayn-oyle warm, and you sh● find no excression.   

CHAP. XXX. Another cure for splent, spaven, etc. and to dry up windgalls, or swellings.  
FIrst hea●e the Sarrance with an hot pressing Iron, then vent it in several places with your gleam, then take a spoonful of ●alt, half a spoonful of Nerve●yle, a penny weight of verdi●rease, and the white of an egg, ●eate all to a salve, and dipping ●ax hurds therein, apply it to the ●riefe, and it helpeth.   

CHAP. XXXI. An approved cure for the swift. cut, or any hewing on the leg, and 〈◊〉 heal any wound.  
TAke a pint of 〈…〉 wine, and put 〈…〉 or three 〈…〉 honey, and stir the● well together, then boy 〈◊〉 till they come to the body of an ointment, then take it from the fire, and put to it half so 〈◊〉 turpentine as there was honey; and stir all well together, then ●tra● it, and with this salve 〈…〉 hot, anoint the sores twice or thrice a day, and it is a most speedy healer.   

CHAP. XXXII. To heal saddle bruises, hard swellings, and all sorts of Impostumations.  
FInst ripen it with rotten Litter, or wet Hay, then when it is soft, open it to let out the corruption, then fill the hollowness with the powder of resin, and lay a plaster of shoemakers wax over it, and thus do once in twenty four hours, till it be whole.  
If it be slow in skinning or drying up, take a spoonful or two of thick cream, and mix it with soot till it be a salve, and anoint it therewith, and it will dry and skin presently.   

CHAP. XXXIII. For any mange, scab, or leprosy wheresoever.  
FIrst let blood; then take a quart of old urine, o●●ineger, and break 〈◊〉 it a quarter of a pound or better of the best Tobacco, than set it on a fire of embers, where it may simmer, and not boil, and so let it stew all an whole night▪ then with this water wash the infected places wheresoever they be, and it is a certain remedy.   

CHAP. XXXIIII. For the foulest and most desperate Farcie that may be.  
TAke herb of grace, and the herb Cley-Cleys which is a weed growing by the waterside, having a great broad, round leaf, and is green on the upper side, and white on the neither; of each of them take an equal quantity, beat them in a mortar, and strain them, then to a pint of this juice, put half a pint of the juice of housleek, and half a pint of Aquavitae, and two good spoonfuls of pepper beaten and finely seared, of this liquor take a pint, and give it the horse to drink, then with round plediants of flax dipped in the same, stop both his ears, then with the strained bruisings of all the herbs, rub the sores, and stop the holes if there be any hollowness, do thus twice at the least, and oftener if you find occasion.   

CHAP. XXXV. For any founder, f●eltize, surbait, or any imperfection in the feet  
FIrst pair thin, open the heels wide, and take good st●r● of blood from the toes, than 〈◊〉 on a shoe somewhat hollow, after take of the best frankincense, and rolling it in a little fine cotton wool, or bombast, with an hot Iron melt it into the foot, betwin the shoe and the toe, till the o●●fice where the blood was taken be filled up; then take half a pound of hogsgrease, and melt it on the fire, then mix it with wheat- 〈◊〉▪ till it be as thick as a poultus, then boiling it hot as is possible, stop up the horse foot there with, then cover it with a piece of an old shoe, and splent it up, and so let the horse stand for three or four days, then if occasion serve you may renew it, otherwise the cure is wrought.   

CHAP. XXXVI. To make hooves grow quickly, and to be tough and strong.  
TAke of Allome beaten, and of the juice of garlic, of each seven ounces, of herb of grace three handfuls, of old hogsgrease two pound, of Ass' dung, or for want of it, Cow dung an handful; mingle them, and boil them all well together, then with this both stop the horses foots, and anoint the crownets of the hooves, the medicine being hot, and the effect is great.   

CHAP. XXXVII. A general salve for any s●re or swelling, prick, cloynige, or tread.  
TAke Turpentine, blacksoape, hogsgrease, green Treat, and Pitch, of each like quantity, mix and boil them all well together, and apply it warm to the grief, either plaster wise, or tent wise.   

The best of Secrets. CHAP. XXXVIII. For decayed, rotten, or over strained lungs, which we call broken-winded, or for any old dry cough, of long continuance.  
TAke half a pint of the water of Colts-foot, and put unto it ten drops or, at the utmost, not above a dram of Balsamum sulphuris, and give it the horse in the morning fasting, then ride him a little gently after it; be sure to keep warm, and give no cold water without exercise; Do thus every other morning till you find amendment.   

CHAP. XXXIX. How to make Balsamum sulphuris.  
TAke an ounce of the oil of Turpentine, and an ounce of the flower of brimstone, and put them into a viol, than set it on a fire of embers or hot ashes, and th●●e let it stew till the brimstone be dissolved, and incorporate with the oil, and become a red unguent▪ Of this take a full dram at the least.   

CHAP. XL. Another of Saint Anthony's cures for any strain or swelling.  
TAke Commin-seede and bruise it gross, and boil it with the oil of camomile, then add to it so much yellow wax as will bring it to the body of a Cer●ot or gentle plaster, and spread it on either cloth or leather, and very hot apply it to the grief, and renew it not above once in two or three days.  
It is a wonderful sovereign for any strain in a man also.   

CHAP. XLI. An approved cure for the swiftcut, or any hewing on the legs.  
TAke a pint of white-wine, and put to it two or three spoonfuls of honey, and boylethem till they be well incorporated together, then strain it, and with this water some what hot, bathe the sores twice or thrice a day, and it is a most speedy heale●▪   
FINIS.