A RELATION OF MARYLAND;  
Together, With 

A Map of the Country,  
The Conditions of Plantation,  
His Majesty's Charter to the Lord Baltemore, translated into English.    
These Books are to be had, at Master William Peasley Esq his house, on the backside of Drury-Lane, near the Cockpit Playhouse; or in his absence, at Master john Morgan's house in high Holborn, over against the Dolphin, London.  
September the 8. Anno Dom. 1635.   


CHAP. I.  
A RELATION Of the Lord BALTEMORE'S Plantation in Maryland.  
HIs most Excellent Majesty Having by His Letters Patents, under the Great Seal of England, granted a certain Country in America (now called Maryland, in honour of our gracious Queen) unto the Lord Baltemore, with diverse Privileges, and encouragements to all those that should adventure with his Lordship in the planting of that Country: the benefit and honour of such an action was readily apprehended by diverse Gentlemen, of good birth and quality, who thereupon resolved to adventure their persons, and a good part of their fortunes with his Lordship, in the pursuit of so noble and (in all likelihood) so advantageous an enterprise. His Lordship was at first resolved to go in person; but the more important reasons persuading his stay at home, he appointed his brother, Mr. Leonard Caluert to go Governor in his stead, with whom he joined in Commission, Mr. Jerome Hawley, and Mr. Thomas Cornwallis (two worthy and able Gentlemen.) These with the other Gentlemen adventurers, and their servants, to the number of near 200. people, embarked themselues for the voyage, in the good ship called the Ark, of 300. ton & upward, which was attended by his Lordship's Pinnace, called the Dove, of about 50. ton. And so on Friday, the 22. of November, 1633. a small gale of wind coming gently from the North-West, they weighed from the Cows in the Isle of Wight, about ten in the morning; And having stayed by the way Twenty days at the Barbadas, and Fourteen days at Saint Christopher's (upon some necessary occasions) they arrived at Point Comfort in Virginia, on the four & twentyeth of February following. They had Letters from his Majesty, in favour of them, to the Governor of Virginia, in obedience whereunto, he used them with much courtesy and humanity. At this time, one Captain Cleyborne (one of the Council of Virginia) coming from the parts whether they intended to go, told them that all the Natives were in preparation of defence by reason of a rumour some had raised amongst them, that 6. ships were to come with many people, who would drive all the inhabitants out of the Country.  
On the 3. of March, they left Point Comfort, 
Patowmeck, is a great River of the Province of Maryland▪ on which they intended, to seat the first Colony.  & 2. days after, they came to Patowmeck river, which is about 24. leagues distant, there they began to give names to places, and called the Southern point of that River, Saint Gregory's; and the Northern point, Saint michael's.  
They sailed up the River, till they came to Heron Island, which is about 14. leagues, and 
So called from the abundance of that Fowl there.  there came to an Anchor under an Island near unto it, which they called S. Clement's. Where they set up a Cross, and took possession of this Country for our Saviour, and for our Sovereign Lord the King of England.  
here the Governor thought fit for the ship to stay, until he had discovered more of the Country: and so he took two Pinnaces, and 
The Dove, and one hired in Virgin●a.  went up the River some 4. leagues, and landed on the South side, where he found the Indians fled for fear, from thence he sailed some 9 leagues higher to Patowmeck Town where the Werowance being a child, Archibau his uncle 
So they call their Princes.  (who governed him and his Country for him) gave all the company good welcome, and one of the company having entered into a little discourse with him, touching the errors of their religion, he seemed well pleased therewith; and at his going away, desired him to return thither again, saying he should live with him, his men should hunt for him, and he would divide all with him.  
From hence the Governor went to Pasehatoway, about 20. leagues higher, where he found many Indians assembled, and here he met with one Captain Henry Fleet an Englishman, who had lived many years among the Indians, and by that means spoke the Country language very well, and was much esteemed of by the natives. Him our Governor sent a shore to invite the Werowance to a parley, who thereupon came with him aboard privately, where he was courteously entertained, and after some parley being demanded by the Governor, whether he would be content that he and his people should set down in his Country, in case he should find a place convenient for him, his answer was, that he would not bid him go, neither would & he bid him stay, but that he might use his own discretion.  
While this Werowance was aboard, many of his people came to the water side, fearing that he might be surprised, whereupon the Werowance commanded two Indians that came with him, to go on shore, to quit them of this fear, but they answered, they feared they would kill them; The Werowance therefore showed himself upon the deck, and told them he was in safety, wherewith they were satisfied.  
Whilst the Governor was abroad, the neighbouring Indians, where the ship lay, began to cast off fear, and to come to their Court of guard, which they kept night and day upon Saint Clement's I'll, partly to defend their barge, which was brought in pieces out of England, and there made up; and partly to defend their men which were employed in felling of trees, and cleaving pales for a Palizado, and at last they ventured to come aboard the ship.  
The Governor finding it not fit, for many reasons, to seat himself as yet so high in the River, resolved to return back again, and to take a more exact view of the lower parts, and so leaving the Ship & Pinnaces there, he took his Barge (as most fit to search the Creeks, and small rivers) and was conducted by Captain Fleet (who knew well the Country) to a River on the North-side of Patomeck river, within 4. or 5. leagues from the mouth thereof, which they called Saint George's River. They went up this river about 4. Leagues, and anchored at the Town of Yoacomaco: from whence the Indians of that part of the Country, are called the Yoacomacoes:  
At their coming to this place, the Governor went on shore, and treated friendly with the Werowance there, and acquainted him with the intent of his coming thither, to which he made little answer (as it is their manner, to any new or sudden question) but entertained him, and his company that night in his house, and gave him his own bed to lie on (which is a mat laid on boards) and the next day, went to show him the country; and that day being spent in viewing the places about that town, and the fresh waters, which there are very plentiful, and excellent good (but the main rivers are salt) the Governor determined to make the first Colony there, and so gave order for the Ship and Pinnaces to come thither.  
This place he found to be a very commodious situation for a Town, in regard the land is good▪ the air wholesome and pleasant, the River affords a safe harbour for ships of any burden, and a very bold shore; fresh water, and wood there is in great plenty, and the place so naturally fortified, as with little difficulty, it will be defended from any enemy.  
To make his entry peaceable and safe, he thought fit to present the Werowance and the Wisoes of the Town with some English Cloth, 
So they call the chief men of Account amongst them.  (such as is used in trade with the Indians) Axes, Howes, and Knives, which they accepted very kindly, and freely gave consent that he and his company should dwell in one part of their Town, and reserved the other for themselves: and those Indians that dwelled in that part of the Town, which was allotted for the English▪ freely left them their houses, and some corn that they had begun to plant: It was also agreed between them, that at the end of harvest they should leave the whole town; which they did accordingly: And they made mutual promises to each other, to live friendly and peaceably together, and if any injury should happen to be done on any part, that satisfaction should be made for the same, and thus upon the 27. day of March, Anno Domini, 1634. the Governor took possession of the place, and named the Town Saint mary's.  
There was an occasion that much facilitated their treaty with these Indians, which was this: The Sasquehanocks (a warlike people that inhabit between Chesopeack bay, and Delaware bay) did usually make wars, and incursions upon the neighbouring Indians, partly for superiority, partly for to get their Women, and what other purchase they could meet with, which these Indians of Yocomaco fearing, had the year before our arrival there, made a resolution, for their safety, to remove themselves higher into the Country where it was more populous, and many of them were gone thither before the English arrived.  
Three days after their coming to Yoacomaco the Ark with the two Pinnaces arrived there. The Indians much wondered to see such ships, and at the thundering of the Ordnance when they came to an Anchor.  
The next day they began to prepare for their houses, and first o● all a Court of Guard, and a Storehouse; in the mean time they lay aboard the ship: They had not been there many days before Sir john Harvey the governor of V●rginea came thither to visit them; Also some Indian Werowances, and many other Indians f●om several parts came to see them, amongst others the Werowance of Patuxent came to visit the Governor, and being brought into the great Cabin of the ship, was placed between the Governor of Virginea, and the Governor of Mary-land; and a Patuxent Indian that came with him, coming into the Cabin, and finding the Werowance thus sitting between the two Governors, started back, fearing the Werowance was surprised, and was ready to have leapt overboard, and could not be persuaded to come into the Cabin, until the Werowance came himself unto him; for he remembered how the said Werowance had formerly been taken prisoner by the English of Virginia.  
After they had finished the store-house, and unladed the ship, the Governor thought fit to bring the Colours on shore, which were attended by all the Gentlemen, and the rest of the servants in arms; who received the Colours with a volley of shot, which was answered by the Ordnance from the ships; At this Ceremony were present, the Werowances of Patuxent, and Yoacomaco, with many other Indians; and the Werowance of Patuxent hereupon took occasion to advise the Indians of Yoacomaco to be careful to keep the league that they had made with the English. He stayed with them diverse days, and used many Indian Compliments, and at his departure he said to the Governor. I love the English so well, that if they should go about to kill me, if I had but so much breath as to speak; I would command the people, not to revenge my death▪ for I know they would not do such a thing, except it were through mine own default.  
They brought thither with them some store of Indian Corn, from the Barbadoes, which at their first arrival they began to use (thinking fit to reserve their English provision of Meal and Oatmeal) and the Indian women seeing their servants to be unacquainted with the manner of dressing it, would make bread thereof for them, and teach them how to do the like: They found also the country well stored with Corn (which they bought with truck, such as there is desired, the Natives having no knowledge of the use of money) whereof they sold them such plenty, as that they sent 1000 bushels of it to New-England, to provide them some saltfish, and other commodities which they wanted.  
During the time that the Indians stayed by the English at Yoacomaco, they went daily to hunt with them for Dear and Turkeys, whereof some they gave them for Presents, and the meaner sort would sell them to them, for knives, beads and the like: Also of Fish, the natives brought them great store, and in all things dealt very friendly with them; their women and children came very frequently amongst them, which was a certain sign of their confidence of them, it being found by experience, that they never attempt any ill, where the women are, or may be in danger.  
Their coming thus to seat upon an Indian Town, where they found ground cleared to their hands, gave them opportunity (although they came late in the year) to plant some Corn, and to make them gardens, which they sowed with English seeds of all sorts, and they prospered exceeding well. They also made what haste they could to finish their houses; but before they could accomplish all these things, one Captain Cleyborne (who had a desire to appropriate the trade of those parts unto himself) began to cast out words amongst the Indians, saying, That those of Yoacomaco were Spaniards and his enemies; and by this means endeavoured to alienate the minds of the Natives from them, so that they did not receive them so friendly as formerly they had done. This caused them to lay aside all other works, and to finish their Fort, which they did within the space of one month; where they mounted some Ordnance, and furnished it with some murderers, and such other means of defence as they thought fit for their safeties: which being done, they proceeded with their Houses and finished them, with convenient accommodations belonging thereto: And although they had thus put themselves in safety, yet they ceased not to procure to put these jealousies out of the Natives minds, by treating and using them in the most courteous manner they could, and at last prevailed therein, and settled a very firm peace and friendship with them. They procured from Virginia, Hogs, Poultry, and some Cows, and some male cattle, which hath given them a foundation for breed and increase; and whoso desires it, may furnish himself with store of cattle from thence, but the hogs and Poultry are already increased in Maryland, to a great stock, sufficient to serve the Colony very plentifully. They have also set up a Water-mill for the grinding of Corn, adjoining to the Town.  
Thus within the space of six months, was laid the foundation of the Colony in Maryland; and whosoever intends now to go thither, shall find the way so trodden, that he may proceed with much more ease and confidence than these first adventurers could, who were ignorant both of Place, People, and all things else, and could expect to find nothing but what nature produced: beside, they could not in reason but think, the Natives would oppose them; whereas now the Country is discovered, and friendship with the Natives is assured, houses built, and many other accommodations, as cattle, Hogs, Poultry, Fruits and the like brought thither from England, Virginea, and other places, which are useful, both for profit and Pleasure: and without boasting it may be said, that this Colony hath arrived to more in six months, than Virginia did in as many years. If any man say, they are beholding to Virginea for so speedy a supply of many of those things which they of Virginia were forced to fetch from England and other remote places, they will confess it, and acknowledge themselves glad that Virginea is so near a neighbour, and that it is so well stored of all necessaries for to make those parts happy, and the people to live as plentifully as in any other part of the world, only they wish that they would be content their neighbours might live in peace by them, and then no doubt they should find a great comfort each in other.   


Nova TERRAE-MARIAE tabula   map of Maryland 
This Northern part of Virginia (the limits whereof extend many degrees farther Southwards) is here inserted for the better description of the entrance into the Bay of Chesapeack.    

CHAP. II.  
A description of the Country.  
THe precedent discourse gives you to understand, how the first Colony sat down in Maryland, what progress they made, and in what estate it is at this present: Now my purpose is to speak of the Country in general, that who so looks that way, may beforehand know something thereof. It is seated between the degrees of 38 and 40 of North-Latitude, Virginia bounds it on the South, New-England on the North, and the Ocean on the East, but the Western parts are not yet discovered.  
The temper of the Air is very good, and agrees well with the English, as appeared at their first coming thither, when they had no houses to shelter them, and their people were enforced, not only to labour in the day, but to watch in their turns at night, yet had their healths exceeding well: In Summer its hot as in Spain, and in Winter there is frost and snow, but it seldom lasts long▪ this last Winter was the coldest that had been known in many years: but the year before, there was scarce any sign of Winter, only that the leaves fell from the trees, in all other things it appeared to be Summer; and yet the last Winter, both their cattle and Hogs kept themselves in the woods, without any fodder, or other help, and the Hogs thrived so well, that some of them were killed out of the woods for Pork and Bacon, which was excellent good and fat.  
The Winds there are variable; from the South comes Heat, Gusts, and Thunder; from the North, or Northwest, cold-weather, and in winter, Frost and Snow; from the East and Southeast, Rain.  
The ordinary entrance by Sea into this Country, is between two Capes, which are distant each from other, about 7 or 8 leagves, the Southcape is called Cape-Henry; the North, Cape-Charles, When you are come within the Capes, you enter into a fair Bay, which is navigable for at least 200 miles, and is called Chesopeack Bay, and runneth Northerly: Into this Bay fall many goodly navigable Rivers, the chief whereof is Patomack, where the Colony is now seated. It's navigable for 140 miles, it begins to be fresh about 2 leagves above Patomack Town. The next River Northward is Patuxent, which at the entrance is distant from the other, about 20 miles, and is a very pleasant and commodious River; It's fit for habitation, and easy to be defended, by reason of the Lands, and other places of advantage, that may command it; from thence, until you come to the head of the Bay, there are no more Rivers that are inhabited: There dwell the Sasquehanocks▪ upon a River that is not navigable for our Boats, by reason of Sholes and Rocks; but they pass it in 
* A term they use for their Boates.  Canoes; At the entrance thereof, there is an Island which will command that River. Upon the East side of this Bay lie very many Lands which are not inhabited, where are store of Deer.  
On the Eastern shore of the Country, which lieth upon the main Ocean, are sundry small Creeks, and one likely to prove a very commodious harbour, called Matsopongue; near the mouth whereof, lieth an Island of about 20 miles in length, and thence about 6 leagues more Northerly, another Island called Chingoto; and about seven leagues beyond that, to the North, opens another very large fair Bay, called Delaware Bay. This Bay is about 8 leagues wide at the entrance, and into it, there falls a very fair navigable River.  
The Country is generally plain and even, and yet hath some pretty small hills and risings; It's full of Rivers and Creeks, and hath store of Springs and small Brooks: The Woods for the most part are free from underwood, so that a man may travel on horseback, almost anywhere, or hunt for his recreation.   

CHAP. III.  
The Commodities which this Country affords naturally.  
THis Country affords naturally, many excellent things for Physic and Surgery, the perfect use of which, the English cannot yet learn from the Natives: They have a root which is an excellent preseruative against Poison, called by the English, the Snake root. Other herbs and roots they have, wherewith they cure all manner of wounds; also Saxafras, Gums, and Balsam. An Indian seeing one of the English, much troubled with the toothache, fetched of the root of a tree, and gave the party some of it to hold in his mouth, and it eased the pain presently. They have other roots fit for dyes, wherewith they make colours to paint themselves.  
The Timber of these parts is very good, and in abundance, it is useful for building of houses, and ships; the white Oak is good for Pipe-staves, the red Oak for wainescot. There is also Walnut, Cedar, Pine, & Cypress, Chesnut, Elm, Ashe, and Poplar, all which are for Building, and Husbandry. Also there are diverse sorts of Fruit-trees, as Mulberries, Persimons, with several other kind of Plums, and Vines, in great abundance. The Mast and the Chestnuts, and what roots they find in the woods, do feed the Swine very fat, and will breed great store, both for their own provision, or for merchandise, and such as is not inferior to the Bacon of Westphalia.  
Of Strawberries, there is plenty, which are ripe in April: Mulberries in May; and Raspices in june; Maracocks which is somewhat like a Limon, are ripe in August.  
In the Spring, there are several sorts of herbs, as Corn-sallet, Violets, Sorrell, Purslane, all which are very good and wholesome, and by the English, used for salads, and in broth.  
In the upper parts of the Country, there are Bufeloes', Elkes, Lions, Bears, Wolves, and Dear there are great store, in all places that are not too much frequented, as also beaver's, Foxes, Otters, and many other sorts of Beasts.  
Of Birds, there is the Eagle, Goshawk, Falcon, Lanner, Sparrow-hawk, and Merlin, also wild Turkeys in great abundance, whereof many weigh 50. pounds, and upwards; and of Partridge plenty: There are likewise sundry sorts of Birds which sing, whereof some are red, some blue, others black and yellow, some like our Blackbirds, others like Thrushes, but not of the same kind, with many more, for which we know no names.  
In Winter there is great plenty of Swans, Cranes, Geese, Herons, Duck, Teal, Widgeon, Brants, and Pigeons, with other sorts, whereof there are none in England.  
The Sea, the Bays of Chesopeack, and Delaware, and generally all the Rivers, do abound with Fish of several sorts; for many of them we have no English names: There are Whales, Sturgeons very large and good, and in great abundance; Grampuses, Porpuses, Mullets, Ttouts, Souls, Place, Mackerel, Perch, Crabs, Oysters, Cockles, and Mussles; But above all these, the fish that have no English names, are the best except the Sturgeons: There is also a fish like the Thornebacke in England, which hath a tail a yard long, wherein are sharp prickles, with which if it strike a man, it will put him to much pain and torment, but it is very good meat: also the Tode-fish, which will swell till it be ready to burst, if it be taken out of the water.  
The Minerals have not yet been much searched after, yet there is discovered Iron Oar; and Earth fit to make Alum, Terra lemnia, and a red soil like Bolearmonicke, with sundry other sorts of Minerals, which we have not yet been able to make any trial of.  
The soil generally is very rich, like that which is about Cheesweeke near London, where it is worth 20. shillings an Acre yearly to Tillage in the Common-fields, and in very many places, you shall have two foot of black rich mould, wherein you shall scarce find a stone, it is like a sifted Garden-mould, and is so rich, that if it be not first planted with Indian corn, Tobacco, Hemp, or some such thing that may take off the rankness thereof, it will not be fit for any English grain; and under that, there is found good loam, whereof we have made as good brick as any in England; there is great store of Marish ground also, that with good husbandry, will make as rich Meadow, as any in the world: There is store of Marle, both blue, and white, and in many places, excellent clay for pots, and tiles; and to conclude, there is nothing that can be reasonably expected in a place lying in the latitude which this doth, but you shall either find it here to grow naturally: or Industry, and good husbandry will produce it.   

CHAP. FOUR  
The commodities that may be procured in Maryland by industry.  
He that well considers the situation of this Country, and finds it placed between Virginia and New-England, cannot but, by his own reason, conclude that it must needs participate of the natural commodities of both places, and be capable of those which industry brings into either, the distances being so small between them: you shall find in the Southern parts of Maryland, all that Virginia hath naturally; and in the Northern parts, what New-England produceth; and he that reads Captain john Smith shall see at large discoursed what is in Virginia, and in Master William Wood, who this year hath written a treatise of New-England, he may know what is there to be expected.  

Yet to say something of it in particular.  
IN the first place I name Corn, as the thing most necessary to sustain man; That which the Natives use in the Country, makes very good bread, and also a meat which they call Omene, it's like our Furmety, and is very savoury and wholesome; it will Malt and make good Beer. Also the Natives have a sort of Pulse, which we call Pease and Beanes, that are very good. This Corn yields a great increase, so doth the Pease and Beanes: One man may in a season, well plant so much as will yield a hundred bushels of this Corn, 20 bushels of Beans and Pease, and yet attend a crop of Tobacco: which according to the goodness of the ground may be more or less, but is ordinarily accounted between 800 and 1000 pound weight.  
They have made trial of English Pease, and they grow very well, also Musk-melons, Water-mellons, Com-cumbers, with all sorts of garden Roots and Herbs, as Carrots, Parsnips, Turnips, Cabbages Radish▪ with many more; and in Virginia they have sowed English Wheat and Barley, and it yields twice as much increase as in England; and although there be not many that do apply themselves to plant Gardens and Orchards, yet those that do it, find much profit and pleasure thereby: They have Pears, Apples, and several sorts of Plums, Peaches in abundance, and as good as those of Italy; so are the Melons and Pumpions: Apricocks, Figgs and Pomegranates prosper exceedingly; they have lately planted Orange and Limon tree which thrive very well: and in fine, there is scarce any fruit that grows in England, France, Spain, or Italy, but hath been tried there, and prospers well. You may there also have Hemp and Flax, Pitch and Tar, with little labour; it's apt for Rapeseed, and Annisseed, Woad, Madder, Saffron, etc. There may be had, Silkworms, the Country being stored with Mulberries: and the superfluity of wood will produce Potashes.  
And for Wine, there is no doubt but it will be made there in plenty, for the ground doth naturally bring forth Vines, in such abundance, that they are as frequent there, as Brambles are here. Iron may be made there with little charge; Brave ships may be built, without requiring any materials from other parts: Clabboard, Wainscott, Pipestaves and Masts for ships the woods will afford plentifully. In fine, Butter and Cheese, Pork and Bacon, to transport to other countries will be no small commodity, which by industry may be quickly had there in great plenty, etc. And if there were no other staple commodities to be hoped for, but Silk and Linen (the materials of which, apparently will grow there) it were sufficient to enrich the inhabitants.    

CHAP. V.  
Of the Natural disposition of the Indians which Inhabit the parts of Maryland where the English are seated: And their manner of living.  
HE that hath a Curiosity to know all that hath been observed of the Customs and manners of the Indians, may find large discourses thereof in Captain Smith's Book of Virginia, and Mr. Woods of New-England: but he that is desirous to go to Maryland, shall here find enough to inform him of what is necessary for him to know touching them. By Captain Smith's, and many other Relations you may be informed, that the People are Warlike, and have done much harm to the English; and thereby are made very terrible. Others say that they are a base and cowardly People, and to be contemned: and it is thought by some who would be esteemed Statesmen, that the only point of policy that the English can use, is, to destroy the Indians, or to drive them out of the Country, without which, it is not to be hoped that they can be secure. The truth is, if they be injured, they may well be feared, they being People that have able bodies, and generally, taller, and bigger limbed than the English, and want not courage; but the odds we have of them in our weapons, keeps them in awe, otherwise they would not fly from the English, as they have done in the time of Wars with those of Virginia, and out of that respect▪ a small number of our men being armed, will adventure upon a great troop of theirs, and for no other reason, for they are resolute and subtle enough: But from hence to conclude, that there can be no safety to live with them, is a very great error. Experience hath taught us, that by kind and fair usage, the Natives are not only become peaceable, but also friendly, and have upon all occasions performed as many friendly Offices to the English in Maryland, and New-England, as any neighbour or friend uses to do in the most Civil parts of Christendom: Therefore any wise man will hold it a far more just and reasonable way to treat the People of the Country well, thereby to induce them to civility, and to teach them the use of husbandry, and Mechanic trades, whereof they are capable, which may in time be very useful to the English; and the Planters to keep themselves strong, and united in Towns, at least for a competent number, and then no man can reasonably doubt, either surprise, or any other ill dealing from them.  
But to proceed, he that sees them, may know how men lived whilst the world was under the Law of Nature; and as by nature, so amongst them, all men are free, but yet subject to command for the public defence. Their Government is Monarchical, he that governs in chief, is called the Werowance, and is assisted by some that consult with him of the common affairs, who are called Wisoes: They have no Laws, but the Law of Nature and discretion, by which all things are ruled, only Custom hath introduced a law for the Succession of the Government, which is this; when a Werowance dieth▪ his eldest son succeeds, and after him the second, and so the rest, each for their▪ lives, and when all the sons are dead, than the sons of the Werowances eldest daughter shall succeed, and so if he have more daughters; for they hold, that the issue of the daughters hath more of his blood in them than the issue of his sons. The Wisoes are chosen at the pleasure of the Werowance, yet commonly they are chosen of the same family, if they be of years capable: The young men generally bear a very great respect to the elder.  
They have also C●ck●r●●ses that are their Captains in time of war, to whom they are very obedient; But the Werowance himself plants Corn, makes his own Bow and Arrows, his Canoe, his Mantle, Shoes, and what ever else belongs unto him, as any other common Indian; and commonly the Commanders are the best and most ingenious and active in all those things which are in esteem amongst them. The women serve their husbands, make their bread, dress their meat, such as they kill in hunting, or get by fishing; and if they have more wives than one, as some of them have (but that is not general) than the best beloved wife performs all the offices of the house, and they take great comment therein. The women also (beside the household business) use to make Mats, which serve to cover their houses, and for beds; also they make baskets, some of Rushes, others of Silkegrasse, which are very handsome.  
The Children live with their Parents; the Boys until they come to the full growth of men; (for they reckon not by years, as we do) than they are put into the number of Bowmen, and are called Blacke-boyes (and so continue until they take them wives) When they are to be made Black-boyes, the ancient men that govern the younger, tell them, That if they will be valiant and obedient to the Werowance, Wisos and C●kc●r●●ses, than their god will love them, all men will esteem of them, and they shall kill Dear, and Turkeys, catch Fish, and all things shall go well with them; but if otherwise, then shall all go contrary: which persuasion moves in them an incredible obedience to their commands; If they bid them take fire in their hands or mouths, they will do it, or any other desperate thing, although with the apparent danger of their lives.  
The women remain with their Parents until they have husbands, and if the Parents be dead, then with some other of their friends. If the husband die, he leaves all that he hath to his wife, except his bow and arrows, and some Beads (which they usually bury with them) and she is to keep the children until the sons come to be men, and then they live where they please, for all men's houses are free unto them; and the daughters until they have husbands. The manner of their marriages is thus; he that would have a wife, treats with the father, or if he be dead, with the friend that takes care of her whom he desires to have to wife, and agrees with him for a quantity of Beads, or some such other thing which is accepted amongst them; which he is to give for her, and must be paid at the day of their marriage; and then the day being appointed, all the friends of both parts meet at the man's house that is to have the wife, and each one brings a present of meat and the woman that is to be married also brings her present: when the company is all come, the man he sits at the upper end of the house, and the woman's friends lead her up, and place her by him, than all the company sit down upon mats, on the ground (as their manner is) and the woman riseth and serves dinner, First to her husband, then to all the company; the rest of the day they spend in singing and dancing (which is not unpleasant) at night the company leaves them, and commonly they live very peaceably and lovingly together; Yet it falls out sometimes, that a man puts away one wife and takes another; then she and her children return to her friends again. They are generally very obedient to their husbands, and you shall seldom hear a woman speak in the presence of her husband, except he ask her some question.  
This people live to a great age, which appears, in that although they marry not so young as we do in England, yet you may see many of them great-grandfathers to children of good bigness; and continue at that age, very able and strong men: The Men and Women have all black hair, which is much bigger and harsher than ours, it is rare to see any of them to wax grey, although they be very old, but never bald: It is seldom seen that any of the men have beards, but they wear long locks, which reach to their shoulders, and some of them to their wastes: they are of a comely stature, well favoured, and excellently well limbed, and seldom any deformed. In their wars, and hunting, they use Bows and Arrows (but the Arrows are not poisoned, as in other places.) The Arrow-heads are made of a Flintstone, the top of a Deer horn, or some Fish-bone, which they fasten with a sort of glue, which they make. They also use in wars, a short club of a cubite long, which they call a Tomahawk.  
They live for the most part in Towns, like Country Villages in England; Their houses are made like our Arboures, covered some with mats, others with bark of trees, which defend them from the injury of the weather: The fires are in the midst of the house, and a hole in the top for the smoke to go out at. In length, some of them are 30. others 40. some a 100 foot; and in breadth about 12. foot. They have some things amongst them which may well become Christians to imitate, as their temperance in eating and drinking, their justice each to other, for it is never heard of, that those of a Nation will rob or steal one from another; and the English do often trust them with truck, to deal for them as factors, and they have performed it very justly: Also they have sent letters by them to Virginia, and into other parts of the Country, unto their servants that have been trading abroad, and they have delivered them, and brought back answer thereof unto those that sent them; Also their conversation each with other, is peaceable, and free from all scurrilous words, which may give offence; They are very hospitable to their own people, and to strangers; they are also of a grave comportment: Some of the Adventurers at a time, was at one of their feasts, when Two hundred of them did meet together; they eat of but one dish at a meal, and every man, although there be never so many, is served in a dish by himself; their dishes are made of wood, but handsomely wrought: The dinner lasted two hours; and after dinner, they sung and danced about two hours more, in all which time, not one word or action passed amongst them that could give the least disturbance to the company; In the most grave assembly, no man can expect to find so much time passed with more silence and gravity: Some Indians coming on a time to james Town in Virginia, it happened, that there then sat the Council to hear causes, and the Indians seeing such an assembly, asked what it meant? Answer was made, there was held a Match-c●mac● (which the Indians call their place of Council) the Indian replied, that they all talk at once, but we do not so in our Match-comac●.  
Their attire is decent and modest; about their wastes, they wear a covering of Deer skins, which reacheth to their knees, and upon their shoulders a large mantle of skins, which comes down to the middle of the leg, and some to the heel; in winter they wear it furred, in summer without; When men hunt they put off their Mantles, so do the women when they work, if the weather be hot: The women affect to wear chains and bracelets of beads, some of the better sort of them, wear ropes of Pearl about their necks, and some hanging in their ears, which are of a large sort, but spoilt with burning the Oysters in the fire, and the rude boaring of them. And they and the young men use to paint their faces with several colours, but since the English came thither, those about them have quite left it; and in many things show a great inclination to conform themselves to the English manner of living. The werowance of Paschatoway desired the Governor to send him a man that could build him a house like the English, and in sundry respects, commended our manner of living, as much better than their own: The Werowance of Patuxent, goes frequently in English Attire, so doth he of Port●back, and many others that have bought Clothes of the English: These Werowances have made request, that some of their children may be brought up amongst the English, and every way, show great demonstrations of friendship, and good affection unto them.  
These People acknowledge a God, who is 
Their Religion.  the giver of all the good things, wherewith their life is maintained; and to him they sacrifice of the first fruits of their Corn, and of that which they get by hunting, and fishing: The sacrifice is performed by an Ancient man, who makes a speech unto their God (not without something of Barbarism) which being ended, he bu●●es part of the sacrifice, and then eats of the rest, than the People that are present, eat also, and until the Ceremony be performed, they will not touch one bit thereof: They hold the Immortality of the soul, and that there is a place of joy, and another of torment after death, and that those which kill, steal, or lie, shall go to the place of torment, but those which do no harm, to the good place; where they shall have all sorts of pleasure.  
It happened the last year, that some of the Sasquehanocks and the Wicomesses (who are enemies) met at the Island of Monop●nson, where Captain Cleyborne liveth, they all came to trade, and one of the Sasquehanocks did an Injury to a Wicomesse, whereat some of Cleybornes' people that saw it, did laugh. The Wicomesses seeing themselves thus injured and despised (as they thought) went away, and lay in ambush for the return of the Sasquehanocks, and killed five of them, only two escaped; and then they returned again, and killed three of Cleybornes' People, and some of his Cattle; about two months after this was done, the Wicomesses sent a messenger unto his Lordship's Governor, to excuse the fact, and to offer satisfaction for the harm that was done to the English: The Wicomesse that came with the message, brought in his company an Indian, of the Town of Patuxent, which is the next neighbouring Town unto the English at Saint mary's, with whom they have good correspondence, and he spoke to the Governor in this manner.  
I Am a Native of Patuxent, as this man (whom you know) can tell you, true it is, I married a wife amongst the Wicomesses, where I have lived ever since, and they have sent me to tell you, that they are sorry for the harm, which was lately done by some of their people, to the English at Monaponson; and hope you will not make the rash act of a few young men, (which was done in heat) a quarrel to their Nation, who desire to live in peace and love with you, and are ready to make satisfaction for the Injury, desiring to know what will give you content, and that they will return such things as were then taken from thence; But withal, they desire you not to think that they do this for fear, for they have wars with the Sasquehanocks, who have by a surprise, lately killed many of their men, but they would not sue to them for peace, intending to revenge the injuries, as they could find opportunity, yet their desire was to have peace with the English.  
The Governor returned answer to the Wicomesse; since you acknowledge the Injury, and are sorry for it, and only desire to know what I expect for satisfaction; I tell you I expect that those men, who have done this outrage, should be delivered unto me, to do with them as I shall think fit, and likewise that you restore all such things as you then took from the English; and withal, charged him with a second Injury attempted upon some of his own People, since that time, by the Wicomesses.  
The Wicomesse after a little pause, replied; It is the manner amongst us Indians, that if any such like accident happen, we do redeem the life of a man that is so slain, with a 100 arms length of Roaroke (which is a sort of Beads that they make, and use for money) and since that you are here strangers, and come into our Country, you should rather conform yourselves to the Customs of our Country, then impose yours upon us; But as for the second matter, I know nothing of it, nor can give any answer thereunto.  
The Governor then told him; It seems you come not sufficiently instructed in the business which we have with the Wicomesses, therefore tell them what I have said; and that I expect a speedy answer; and so dismissed him.  
It fell in the way of my discourse, to speak of the Indian money of those parts, It is of two sorts, Wompompeag and Roanoake; both of them are made of a Fish-shell, that they gather by the Sea side, Wompompeag is of the greater sort, and Roanoake of the lesser, and the Wompompeag is three times the value of Roanoake; and these serve as Gold and Silver do here; they barter also one commodity for another, and are very glad of traffic and commerce, so far as to supply their necessities: They show no great desire of heaping wealth, yet some they will have to be buried with them; If they were Christians, and would live so free from covetousness, and many other vices which abound in Christendom, they would be a brave people.  
I therefore conclude, that since God Almighty hath made this Country so large and fruitful, and that the people be such as you have heard them described; It is much more Prudence and Charity, to Civilize, and make them Christians, then to kill, rob, and hunt them from place to place, as you would do a wolf. By reducing of them, God shall be served, his Majesty's Empire enlarged by the addition of many thousand Subjects, as well as of large Territories, our Nation honoured, and the Planters themselves enriched by the traffic and commerce which may be had with them; and in many other things, they may be useful, but prejudicial they cannot be, if it be not through their own faults, by negligence of fortifying themselves, and not conserving military discipline.   

CHAP. VI  
Conditions propounded by the Lord Baltemore, to such as shall go, or adventure into Maryland.  

I.  
WHAT person soever, subject to our sovereign Lord the King of England▪ shall be at the charge to transport into the Province of Maryland himself or his deputy, with any number of able men, between the ages of 16 and 50, each man being provided in all things necessary for a Plantation (which, together with their transportation, will amount to about 20 l. a man, as by an aestimate hereafter following may appear) there shallbe assigned unto every such adventurer, for every five men which he shall so transport thither, a proportion of good land within the said Province, containing in quantity 1000 acres of English measure, which shall be erected into a Manor, and be conveyed to him, his heirs, and assigns for ever, with all such royalties and privileges, as are usually belonging to Manors in England; rendering and paying yearly unto his Lordship, and his heirs for every such Manor, a quit rend of 20 shillings, (to be paid in the Commodities of the Country) and such other services as shall be generally agreed upon for public uses, and the common good.   

II.  
What person soever, as aforesaid, shall transport himself, or any less number of servants then five (aged, and provided as aforesaid) he shall have assigned to him, his heirs and assigns for ever, for himself, 100 acres of good land within the said Province; and for and in respect of every such servant, 100 acres more, be be holden of his Lordship in freehold, paying therefore, a yearly quit rend of 2 shillings for every hundred acres, in the Commodities of the Country.   

III.  
Any married man that shall transport himself, his wife and children; shall have assigned unto him, his heirs and assigns for ever, in freehold, (as aforesaid) for himself 100 acres; and for his wife 100 acres; and for every child that he shall carry over, under the age of 16 years, 50 acres; paying for a quit rend 12 pence for every fifty acres.   

FOUR  
Any woman that shall transport herself or any children, under the age of six years, shall have the like Conditions as aforesaid.   

V.  
Any one that shall carry over any women servants, under the age of forty years, shall have for and in respect of every such woman servant, 50 acres; paying only a quit rend, as aforesaid.    

CHAP. VII.  
Instructions and advertisements, for such as shall intend to go, or send, to plant in Maryland.  
THis Country of Maryland, lieth from England to the South-west, about 1200 leagues by Sea: the voyage is sometimes performed thither in 5 or 6 weeks, but ordinarily it is two months voyage, and oftener within that time then beyond it. The return from thence to England, is ordinarily made in a month, and seldom exceeds six weeks.  
The best time of the year for going thither, is to be there by Michaelmas, or at furthest by Christmas, for he that comes by that time shall have time enough to build him a house, and to prepare ground sufficient to plant in the spring following. But there is conveniency of passage thither in most months of the year; and any one that will send unto Mr. Peasleys, or Master Morgan's house, may there be informed of the certain time when any of his Lordship's company is to go away, and so save the charge of unnecessary attendance here in London.  

A particular of such necessary provisions as every Adventurer must carry, according to the number of his servants: together with an estimate of their prices.  

In Victuals.  
For one man, for a year,  
 l. s d Imprimis, eight bushels of meal 2 8 0 Item, two bushellls of Oatmeal 0 9 0 Item, one bushel of Pease 0 4 0 Item, one gallon of Oil 0 3 6 Item, two gallons of Vinegar 0 2 0 Item, one gallon of Aquavitae 0 2 6 Item, one bushel of Bay-salt 0 2 0 Item, in Sugar, Spice and Fruit 0 6 8 Summ. 3 17 8   

In Apparel.  
For one man,  
 l s d Item, two Munmoth caps or hats 0 4 0 Item, three falling Bands 0 1 3 Item, three shirts 0 7 6 Item, one Waistcoat 0 2 2 Item, one suit of Canvas 0 7 6 Item, one suit of Freeze 0 10 0 Item, one suit of Cloth 0 16 0 Item, one course cloth, or freeze coat 0 15 0 Item, three pair of stockings 0 4 0 Item, six pair of shoes 0 13 0 Item, Inkle for garters 0 0 2 Item, one dozen of points 0 0 3 Summ. 4 0 10   

In Bedding.  
For two men.  
 l s d Item, two pair of Canvas sheets 0 16 0 Item, seven else of Canvas to make a bed and bolster to be filled in the country 0 8 0 Item, one Rugg for a bed 0 8 0 Item, five else of course Canvas to make a bed at Sea, to be filled with straw 0 4 0 Item, one course Rugg at Sea 0 6 0 So 〈…〉. 2 2 0 whereof one man's part is, 1 ● 0   

In Arms.  
For one man,  
 l ● d Item, one musket 1 0 0 Item, 10 pound of Powder 0 11 0 Item, 40 pound of Lead, Bullets, Pistol and Goose shot, of each sort some. 0 4 0 Item, one sword, 0 5 0 Item, one belt 0 1 0 Item, one bandoleer and flask 0 2 0 Item, in Match 0 2 6 Summ. 2 5 6   

In Tools.  
For five persons, and so after the rate for more or less.  
 l s d Item, 5 broad Howes, at 2s. a piece 0 10 0 Item, 5 narrow Howes, at 16d. a piece 0 6 8 Item, 2 broad Axes▪ at 3s. 8ds. a piece 0 7 4 Item, 5 felling Axes, at 1s. 6d. a piece 0 7 6 Item, 2 steel Hand saws, at 1s. 4d. 0 2 8 Item, 2 Two-handsawes at 5s. 0 10 0 Item, a Whip-saw set and filled, with box, file and wre● 0 10 0 Item, 2 Hammers, at 12d. 0 2 0 Item, 3 Shovels, at 1s. 6d. 0 4 6 Item, 3 Spades, at 1s. 6d. 0 4 6 Item, 2 Awgurs▪ at 6d. 0 1 0 Item, 6 Chissells, at 6d. 0 3 0 Item, 2 Piercers stocked, at 4d. 0 0 8 Item, 3 Gimlets, at 2d. 0 0 6 Item, 2 Hatchets, at 1s. 9d. 0 3 6 Item, 2 Frowes to cleave Pales, at 1s. 6d. 0 3 0 Item, 2 Hand-bills, at 1s. 8ds. 0 3 4 Item, one Grindstone 0 4 0 Item, Nails of all sorts 2 0 0 Item, 2 Pickaxes, at 2s. 6d. 0 3 0 Summ. 6 7 2 whereof one man's part is 1 5 8   

Household Implements.  
For 6 persons, and so after the rate, for more  
 l s d Item, one Iron pot 0 7 0 Item, one Iron kettle 0 6 0 Item, one large Frying-pan 0 2 6 Item, one Gridiron 0 1 6 Item, two Skillets 0 5 0 Item, one Spit 0 2 0 Item, Platters, Dishes, and spoons of wood 0 4 0 Summ. 1 8 0 whereof one man's part is, 0 4 8   

An estimate of the whole charge of transporting one servant, and providing him of all necessaries for one year.  
 l. s. d. Inprimis, In Victuals 3 17 8 Item, In apparel 4 0 10 Item, In bedding 1 1 0 Item, In Arms 2 5 6 Item, In tools 1 5 8 Item, In household Implements 0 4 8 Item, Cask to put his goods in 0 10 0 Item, fraight for his goods at half a ton 1 10 0 Item, For his Victual, and passage by Sea 6 0 0  20. 15. 4  
Of which charge, the Adventurer having the greatest part of it in provision & goods; in case any servant die by the way, or shortly after his coming thither, the goods of that servant being sold in the Country, will return all his charge again, with advantage.   

A Computation of a servant's labour, and the profit that may arise by it, by instance in some particulars, which may be put in practise the first year.  
 l. s. d. One man may at the season plant so much corn, as ordinarily yields of Wheat 100 bushels, worth upon the place, at Two shillings a Bushel. 10 0 0 Of Beans and Pease, 20. bushels, worth at three shillings a bushel. 3 0 0 The same man will plant of Tobacco, between 800. and a 1000 weight, which at the lowest rate, at two pound 10. shil. the hundred, is worth, 20 0 0 The same man may within the same year, in the winter, make 4000 of Pipe-staves, worth upon the place four pound the thousand. 16 0 0 49. 00  00.  
Beside all their other labours in building, fencing, clearing of ground, raising of cattle, gardening, etc.  
If a man's labour be employed in Hemp and Flax, it will yield him as much profit, as Tobacco at this rate; and so in many other Commodities, whereof this Country is capable.  
No man need to doubt of the vent of these Commodities, for Merchants send shipping to those parts, who will buy off these Commodities at the aforesaid rates, in as great a quantity, as they shallbe able to make ready for them; because they yield a great increase of profit in other Country's, which the Planters themselves may make advantage of to themselves, if they have shipping, and think fit to deal in such a kind of trade. As for instance, a 1000 of Pipe-staves, which are rated upon the place at four pound, being carried to the Canaries, will yield 15. or 20. l. Where likewise, and at the Western Islands, the Indian Corn will yield a great increase of benefit. The benefit also which may be raised by trade out of Swine only, may easily be conceived to be very great, seeing they multiply exceedingly, ask little tendance, and less charge of keeping in that Country, so abounding with Mast, Chestnuts, etc. For Pork being transported into Spain, or the Western Lands will yield about 6. pence a pound, and Bacon, 8. pence. or 9 pence.    

A note for the Adventurers memory, of such things as he may (if he please) carry with him, either for his own better accommodation (on Shipboard, or for some time after his arrival in Maryland) or for trade, according to his ability.  

Provision for Shipboard.  
FIne Wheate-flower, close and well packed, to make puddings, etc. Claret-wine burnt. Canary Sack. Conserves, Marmalades, Suckets, and Spices. Salad Oil. Prunes to stew. Live Poultry. Rice, Butter, Holland-cheese, or old Cheshire, gammons of Bacon, Pork, dried Neates-tongues▪ Beef packed up in Vinegar, some Weather-sheepe, meats baked in earthen pots, Legs of Mutton minced, and stewed, and close packed up in tried Suet, or Butter, in earthen pots: juice of Lemons, etc.   

Provision for trade in Virginia, or Maryland.  
If he be minded to furnish himself with cattle in Virginia, his best way is to carry a superfluity of woollen, or linen cloth, calicoes, says, hats, shoes, stockings, and all sorts of clothing; of Wine, Sugar, Prunes, Rasins, Currants, Honey, Spice, and Grocery wares, with which he may procure himself cattle there, according to the stock he dealeth withal. About 4. or 5. Pound laid out here in commodities▪, will there buy a Cow; and between 20. and 30. shillings, a breeding Sow. The like Commodities will furnish him either there, or in Maryland, with Hogs, Poultry, and Corne. He may do well also to carry a superfluity of Knives, Combs, and Bracelets, to trade with the women Natives; and some Hatchets, Howes, and Axes, to trade with the men for Venison, Fish, Turkeys, Corn, Fawns to store a Park, etc.   

Provision for his House.  
Iron, and Locks, and Hinges, and bolts; etc. Mustardseed, Glass and Lead for his windows, Malt for beer, a Hogshead of Beef or Pork: Two or three Firkins of Butter, a hundred or two of old Cheeses; a gallon of honey, Soap and Candles, Iron wedges, Pookes for Rennet to make cheese: a good Mastiff, etc.   

Provision for Husbandry.  
Seed Wheat, Rye, Barley, and Oats (the best way to preserve it from heating at sea, is to carry it in the ear) Kernels of Pears and Apples (especially of Pippins, Pearemaines, and Dusons') for the making hereafter of Cider, and Perry; the stones and seeds of all those fruits and roots, and herbs, which he desireth to have. Good store of claver grass seed, to make good meadow.   

Provision for Fishing and Fowling.  
Inprimis, necessaries for a boat of 3. or 4. Tun; as Spikes, Nails, Pitch, Tar, Ocome, Canuis for a sail, Ropes, Anchor, Iron for the Ruther: Fishing-lines for Cod and Macrills, etc. Cod-hookes, and Macrill-hookes, a Scene or Basse-net, Herring-netts, Lead, Fowling-pieces of six foot; Powder and Shott, and Flint Stones; a good Water-spaniel, etc.   

A direction for choice of servants.  
IN the taking of servants, he may do well to furnish himself with as many as he can, of useful and necessary Arts: A Carpenter, of all others the most necessary; A Mill-wright, Shipwright, Boate-wright, Wheele-wright, Brick-maker, Bricklayer, Potter; one that can cleave Lath and Pale, and make Pipe-slaves, etc. A joiner, Cooper, Turner, Sawyer, Smith, Cutler, Leatherdresser, Miller, Fisherman, and Gardiner. These will be of most use; but any lusty young able man, that is willing to labour and take pains, although he have no particular trade, will be beneficial enough to his Master.  
And in case any Adventurer shall be unprovided of such men to supply his number, he may have directions at the place where these books are to be had, how and where he may provide himself of as many as he please.  

The form of binding a servant.  
This Indenture made the _____ day of _____ in the _____ day of _____ year of our Sovereign Lord King Charles, etc. between _____ day of _____ of the one party, and _____ day of _____ on the other party, Witnesseth, that the said _____ doth hereby covenant promise, and grant, to and with the said _____ his Executors and Assigns, to serve him from the day of the date hereof, ●●till his first and next arrival in Maryland; and after for and during the term of _____ years, in such service and employment, as he the said _____ or his assigns shall there employ him, according to the custom of the Country in the like kind. In consideration whereof, the said _____ doth promise and grant, to and with the said _____ to pay for his passing, and to find him with Meat, Drink, Apparel and Lodging, with other necessaries during the said term; and at the end of the said term, to give him one whole years provision of Corn, and fifty acres of Land, according to the order of the country. In witness whereof, the said _____ hath hereunto put his hand and seal, the day and year above written.  
Sealed and delivered in the presence of H _____    

The usual term of binding a servant, is for five years; but for any artificer, or one that shall deserve more than ordinary, the Adventurer shall do well to shorten that time, and add encouragements of another nature (as he shall see cause) rather then to want such useful men.  

A Form of a Bill of Lading, to be taken from the Master of the Sip, by every Aduenterer, for the better securing of the transportation of his goods.  
SHipped by the grace of God in good order, and well conditioned by _____ in and upon the good Ship, called the _____ whereof is master, under God, for this present voyage _____ and now riding at anchor in the _____ and by God's grace, bound for _____ to say being marked and numbered, as in the margin, and are to be delivered in the like good order and well conditioned, at the Port of Saint mary's, in Maryland (the danger of the Seas only excepted) unto _____ or to assigns, paying fraught for the said goods with primage and avarage accustomed. In witness whereof, the Master or Purser of the said ship hath affirmed to three Bills of Lading, all of this tenor and date, the one of which three bills being accomplished, the other two to stand void. And so God send the good Ship to her desired Port in safety. Amen. Dated in _____    

There is order taken for convenient houses to be set up at Saint mary's, where all strangers may at their first coming be entertained, with lodging and other fitting accommodations, for themselves and their goods, till they can better provide for themselves.   

The names of the Gentlemen adventurers that are gone in person to this Plantation.  

Mr.  


his Lordship's brothers.  
Leonard Calvert, the governor  
George Calvert.    


Commissioners.  
Jerome Hawley. Esq  
Thomas Cornewallis. Esq    
Richard Gerard, son to Sir Thomas Gerard Knight and Baronet.  


sons of the Lady Anne Wintour.  
Edward Wintour.  
Freder: Wintour.    
Henry Wiseman, son to Sir Thomas Wiseman Knight.  
john Saunders.  
Edward Cranfield.  
Henry Greene.  
Nicholas Ferfax.  
john Baxter.  
Thomas Dorrell.  
Captain john Hill.  
john Medcalfe.  
William Saire.       


HONI SOIT ❀ QVI MAL ❀ Y ❀ PENSE  
CR   royal blazon or coat of arms  
THE CHARTER OF MARY LAND.  
CHARLES By the Grace of GOD, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, defender of the Faith, etc. To all to whom these Presents shall come greeting.  
WHEREAS Our right Trusty and Wellbeloved Subject Cecilius Caluert, Baron of Baltemore in our Kingdom of Ireland, Son and heir of Sir George Caluert Knight, late Baron of Baltemore in the same Kingdom of Ireland, pursuing his Father's intentions, being excited with a laudable and pious zeal for the propagation of the Christian Faith, and the enlargement of our Empire and Dominion, hath humbly besought leave of Us, by his industry and charge, to transport an ample Colony of the English Nation unto a certain Country hereafter described, in the parts of America, not yet cultivated and planted, though in some parts thereof inhabited by certain barbarous people, having no knowledge of Almighty God, and hath humbly besought our Royal Majesty to give, grant, and confirm all the said Country, with certain Privileges and jurisdictions, requisite for the good government, and state of his Colony, and Country aforesaid, to him and his heirs for ever.  
KNOW YE therefore, that We favouring 
The bounds.  the Pious, and Noble purpose of the said Barons of Baltemore, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, have given, granted, and confirmed, and by this our present Charter, for Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, do give, grant and confirm unto the said Cecilius, now Baron of Baltemore, his heirs and Assigns, all that part of a Penjnsula, lying in the parts of America, between the Ocean on the East, and the Bay of Chesopeack on the West, and divided from the other part thereof, by a right line drawn from the Promontory or Cape of Land called Watkins Point (situate in the foresaid Bay, near the river of Wigh●●) on the West, unto the main Ocean on the East; and between that bound on the South, unto that part of Delaware Bay on the North, which lieth under the fortieth degree of Northerly Latitude from the Equinoctial, where New-England ends; And all that tract of land between the bounds aforesaid; that is to say, passing from the foresaid Bay, called Delaware Bay, in a right line by the degree aforesaid, unto the true Meridian of the first fountain of the River of Pattowmeck, and from thence trending toward the South unto the farther bank of the foresaid River, and following the West and South side thereof unto a certain place called Cinquack, situate near the mouth of the said River, where it falls into the Bay of Chesopeack, and from thence by a strait line unto the foresaid Promontory, and place called Watkins Point▪ (So that all that tract of land divided by the line aforesaid, drawn between the main Ocean, and Watkins Point unto the Promontory called Cape Charles, and all its apurtenances, do remain entirely excepted to us, our heirs, and Successors for ever.)  
WE DO also grant and confirm unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and Assigns, all Lands, and Iletts within the limits aforesaid, and all and singular the Lands and Iletts, which are, or shall be in the Ocean, within 10. Leagues from the Eastern shore of the said Country, towards the East, with all and singular Ports, Harbours, Bays, Rivers, and Inletts, belonging unto the Country, or Lands aforesaid: And all the Soil, lands, Fields, Woods, Mountains, Fens, Lakes, Rivers, Bays, and Inletts, situate, or being within the bounds, and limits aforesaid, with the fishing of all sorts of fish, Whales, Sturgeons, and all other royal fishes in the Sea, Bays, Inletts, or Rivers, within the premises: and the fish therein taken: and moreover all Veins, Mines, and Quarries, aswell discovered, as not discovered, of Gold, Silver, Gems, and precious stones, and all other whatsoever, be it of Stones, Metals, or of any other thing, or matter whatsoever, found, or to be found within the Country, Isles, and limits aforesaid. And Furthermore the Patronages and Aduowsons' of all Churches, which (as Christian Religion shall increase within the Country, Isles, Iletts, and limits aforesaid) shall happen hereafter to be erected: together with licence and power, to build and found Churches, Chappells, and Oratories, in convenient and fit places within the premises, and to cause them to be dedicated, and consecrated according to the Ecclesiastical Laws of our Kingdom of England: Together with all and singular the like, and as ample rights, jurisdictions, Privileges, Prerogatives, Royalties, Liberties Immunities, Royal rights, and franchises of what kind soever temporal, as well by Sea, as by land, within the Country, Isles, Iletts, and limits aforesaid; To have, exercise, 
jurisdiction of a Count Palatine.  use and enjoy the same, as amply as any Bishop of Durham, within the Bishopric, or County Palatine of Durham, in our Kingdom of England, hath at any time heretofore had, held, used, or enjoyed, or of right aught, or might have had, held, used, or enjoyed.  
AND HIM the said now Lord Baltemore, his Heirs and Assigns, We do by these Presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, make, create, and constitute the true and absolute Lords, and Proprietaries of the Country aforesaid, and of all other the Premises, (except before excepted) saving always, the faith and allegiance, and Sovereign dominion due unto Us, Our Heirs and Successors.  
TO HAVE, hold, possess, and enjoy the said Country, Isles, Iletts, and other the Premises, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, to the sole and proper use and behoof of him the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns for ever.  
TO BEE holden of Us, Our Heirs, and 
Tenure.  Successors, Kings of England, as of Our Castle of Windsor, in Our County of Berkshire, in free and common soccage, by fealty only, for all services, and not in Capite, or by Knight's service: YIELDING and paying therefore to Us, our Heirs and Successors, two Indian 
Rent.  Arrows of those parts, to be delivered at Our said Castle of Windsor, every year on the Tuesday in Easter week; and also the fifth part of all Gold and Silver Oar within the limits aforesaid, which shall from time to time happen to be found.  
NOW THAT the said Country thus by Us granted, and described, may be eminent above all other parts of the said territory, and dignified with larger titles: Know ye that we of our further grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, have thought fit to erect the same Country and Lands into a Province, as out of the fullness of Our royal Power, and Prerogative, We do, for Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, erect, and incorporate them into a Province, and do call it Mary land, and so from henceforth will have it called.  
AND FORASMUCH as We have hereby made, and ordained the foresaid now Lord Baltemore, the true Lord, and Proprietary of all the Province aforesaid: Know ye therefore moreover, that We, reposing especial trust and confidence in the fidelity, wisdom, justice, and Provident circumspection of the said now Lord 
Power to enact Laws.  Baltemore, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors▪ do grant free, full, and absolute power, by virtue of these Presents, to him and his heirs, for the good and happy government of the said Province, to ordain, make, enact, and under his and their seals to publish any Laws whatsoever, appertaining either unto the public State of the said Province, or unto the private utility of particular Persons, according unto their best discretions, of and with the advice assent and approbation of the Freemen of the said Province, or the greater part of them▪ or of their delegates or deputies, whom for the enacting of the said Laws, when, and as often as need shall require, We will that the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heirs, shall assemble in such sort and form, as to him or them shall seem best: And the same laws duly to execute upon all people, within the said Province, and limits thereof, for the time being, or that shall be constituted under the government, and power of him or them, either sailing towards Mary-land, or returning from thence toward England or any other of Ours, or foreign Dominions, by imposition of Penalties, Imprisonment, or any other punishment; yea, if it shall be needful, and that the quality of the offence require it, by taking away member or life, either by him the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heirs, or by his or their Deputies, Lieutenants, judges, justices, Magistrates, Officers, and Ministers to be ordained or appointed, according to the Tenor, and true intention of these Presents: And likewise to appoint and establish any judges and justices, Magistrates and Officers whatsoever, at sea and Land, for what causes soever, and with what power soever, and in such form, as to the said now Lord Baltemore, or his heirs, shall seem most convenient: Also to remit, release, pardon, and abolish, whether before judgement, or after, all crimes or offences whatsoever, against the said Laws: and to do all and every other thing or things, which unto the complete establishment of justice, unto Courts, Praetories, and Tribunals, forms of judicature and manners of proceeding, do belong: although in these Presents, express mention be not made thereof, and by judges by them delegated, to award Process, hold Pleas, and determine in all the said Courts and Tribunals, all actions, suits, and causes whatsoever, as well criminal as civil, personal, real, mixed, and praetoriall; which laws, so as v to be published, Our pleasure is, and so We enjoin, require, and command, shall be most absolute and available in Law, and that all the Liege people, and subjects of Us, Our Heirs and Successors, do observe and keep the same inviolably, in those parts, so far as they concern them, under the pains therein expressed, or to be expressed: Provided nevertheless, that the said Laws be consonant to reason, and be not repugnant or contrary, but as near as conveniently may be, agreeable to the Laws, Statutes, Customs, and Rights of this our Kingdom of England.  
AND FORASMUCH, as in the Government of so great a Province, sudden accidents do often happen, whereunto it will be necessary to apply a remedy, before the Freeholders' of the said Province, their Delegates, or Deputies, can be assembled to the making of Laws, neither will it be convenient, that instantly upon every such emergent occasion, so great a multitude should be called together: Therefore for the better government of the said Province, We will and ordain, and by these Presents for Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, do grant unto the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heirs, that the said now Lord Baltemore and his heirs, by themselves, or by their Magistrates and Officers in that behalf duly to be ordained as aforesaid, may make and constitute, fit and wholesome Ordinances, from time to time, within the said Province, to be kept and observed, as well for the preservation of the Peace, as for the better government of the people there inhabiting, and publicly to notify the same to all persons, whom the same doth, or any way may concern; which Ordinances, Our pleasure is, shall be observed inviolably within the said Province, under the pains therein to be expressed. So as the said Ordinances be consonant to reason, and be not repugnant nor contrary, but so far as conveniently may be, agreeable with the Laws and Statutes of Our Kingdom of England, and so as the said Ordinances be not extended, in any sort to bind, charge, or take away the right or interest of any person, or persons, of, or in their Life, Member, freehold, Goods, or Chattels.  
FURTHERMORE, that this new Colony 
Licence to go to Mary land.  may the more happily increase by the multitude of people resorting thither, and may likewise be the more strongly defended from the incursions of Saluages, or other enemies, Pirates and Robbers: Therefore We, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, do give and grant by these Presents, Power, licence, and liberty unto all the liege people, and subjects, both present, and future, of Us, Our Heirs, and Successors (excepting those who shall be specially forbidden) to transport themselves and families unto the said Province, with convenient shipping▪ and fitting provisions, and there to settle themselves, dwell and inhabit, and to build, and fortify Castles, Forts, and other places of strength for the public, and their own private defence, at the appointment of the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heirs, the Statute of fugitives, or any other whatsoever, to the contrary of the premises, in any wise notwithstanding.  
AND WE will also, and of Our more 
People borne in Maryland, made Denizens of England.  special grace, for Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, we do straightly enjoin, constitute, ordain, and command, that the said Province shall be of Our Allegiance, and that all and singular the Subjects, and Liege people of Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, transported, or to be transported into the said Province, and the children of them, and of such as shall descend from them, there already borne, or hereafter to be borne, be, and shall be Denizens, and Liege's of Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, of Our Kingdom of England, and Ireland, and be in all things held, treated, reputed, and esteemed as the liege faithful people of Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, borne within Our Kingdom of England: and likewise any Lands, Tenements, Revenues, Services, and other hereditaments whatsoever, within Our Kingdom of England, and other Our Dominions, may inherit, or otherwise purchase, receive, take, have, hold▪ buy, and possess, and them may occupy, and enjoy, give, sell, alien, and bequeath, as likewise, all Liberties, Franchises, and Privileges, of this Our Kingdom of England, freely, quietly, and peaceably, have and possess, occupy and enjoy, as Our liege people, borne, or to be borne within Our said Kingdom of England, without the let, molestation, vexation, trouble, or grievance of Us, Our Heirs and Successors: any Statute, Act, Ordinance, or Provision to the contrary hereof notwithstanding.  
AND FURTHERMORE, That 
Lincence to transport goods and merchandise  Our Subjects may be the rather encouraged to undertake this expedition, with ready and cheerful minds; KNOW YE, that We of Our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, do give and grant, by virtue of these presents, aswell unto the said now Lord Baltemore and his Heirs, as to all other that shall from time to time repair unto that province, with a purpose to inhabit there, or to trade with the Natives of the said Province, full licence to Lade and Fraight in any Ports whatsoever, of Us, Our Heirs and Successors, and into the said Province of Maryland, by them, their servants or assigns, to transport, all and singular, their Goods, Wares, and Merchandise; as likewise all sorts of grain whatsoever and any other things whatsoever, necessary for food or clothing (not prohibited by the Laws and Statutes of our Kingdoms and Dominions to be carried out of the said kingdoms) without any let, or molestation of Us, Our Heirs, or Successors, or of any of the officers of Us, Our Heirs, or Successors; (saving always, to Us, Our Heirs and Successors, the Impositions, Customs, and other duties and payments for the said Wares and Merchandise) any Statute, Act, Ordinance or other thing whatsoever to the contrary notwithstanding.  
AND because in so remote a Country, and 
Power of war and peace.  situate amongst so many barbarous nations, the incursions aswell of the savages themselves, as of other enemies, pirates and robbers, may probably be feared: Therefore We have given, and for Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, do give power by these presents, unto the now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, by themselves, or their Captains, or other their officers, to Levy, Muster and Train, all sorts of men, of what condition, or wheresoever borne, in the said Province of Mary-land for the time being, and to make war, and to pursue the Enemies and Robbers aforesaid, aswell by sea as by land, yea, even without the limits of the said Province, and (by God's assistance) to vanquish and take them, and being taken, to put them to death by the Law of war, or to save them at their pleasure, and to do all and every other thing which unto the charge and office of a Captain General of an Army belongeth, or hath accustomed to belong, as fully and freely, as any Captain General of an army hath ever had the same.  
ALSO, Our Will and Pleasure is, and by 
Martial Law.  this Our Charter, We do give unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs, and assigns, full power, liberty, and authority, in case of Rebellion, Tumult, or Sedition, if any should happen (which God forbid) either upon the land within the Province aforesaid, or upon the main sea, in making a voyage thither, or returning from thence, by themselves, or their captains, deputies or other officers, to be authorized under their seals for that purpose (to whom we also, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, do give and grant by these presents, full power and authority) to exercise Martial Law against mutinous and seditious persons of those parts, such as shall refuse to submit themselves to his, or their government, or shall refuse to serve in the wars, or shall fly to the Enemy, or forsake their Ensigns, or be loiterers, or stragglers, or otherwise how soever offending against the Law, Custom, and Discipline military, as freely, and in as ample manner and form, as any Captain general of an army by virtue of his office might, or hath accustomed to use the same.  
FURTHERMORE, That the way to 
Power to confer honour.  honours and dignities, may not seem to be altogether precluded and shut up, to men well borne, and such as shall prepare themselves unto this present Plantation, and shall desire to deserve well of Us, and Our Kingdoms, both in peace and war, in so far distant and remote a Country: Therefore We, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, do give free, and absolute power, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, to confer favours, rewards, and honours, upon such inhabitants within the Province aforesaid, as shall deserve the same; and to invest them, with what titles and dignities soever, as he shall think fit, (so as they be not such as are now used in England) As likewise to erect and incorporate, Towns into Boroughes and Boroughs into Cities, with convenient privileges and immunities, according to the merit of the inhabitants, and the fitness of the places, and to do all and every other thing or things, touching the premises, which to him, or them, shall seem meet and requisite; albeit they be such as of their own nature might otherwise require a more special commandment and warrant, then in these Presents is expressed.  
WE will also, and by these Presents, for Us Our Heirs and Successors, We do give and grant licence, by this Our Charter, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, and to all the inhabitants and dwellers in the Province aforesaid, both present and to come, to import, or unlade, by themselves, or their servants factors, or assigns, all Merchandizes and goods whatsoever, that shall arise of the fruits and commodities of the said Province, either by land or sea, into any of the ports of Us, Our Heirs and Successors, in Our kingdoms of England, or Ireland, or otherwise to dispose of the said goods, in the said Ports, and if need be, within one year next after the unlading of the same, to lad the said merchandizes and goods again, into the same or other ships, and to export the same into any other Countries, either of our Dominion or foreign, (being in Amity with Us, Our Heirs and Successors) Provided always, that they pay such Customs, Impositions▪ Subsidies and Duties for the same, to Us, Our Heirs and Successors, as the rest of Our Subjects of Our Kingdom of England, for the time being, shall be bound to pay: beyond which, We will not that the inhabitants of the foresaid Province of Mary-land, shall be any way charged.  
AND furthermore, of Our more ample and special Grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, We do, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, grant unto the said now Lord Baltemore▪ his heirs and assigns full and absolute power and authority, to make, erect, and constitute▪ within the Province of Mary-land, and the Isles and Iletts aforesaid, such, and so many Seaports, Harbours, Creeks, and other places, for discharge and unlading of goods and merchandises, out of Ships, Boats, and other vessels, and lading them, and in such and so many places, and with such Rights, jurisdictions, Liberties and Privileges unto the said ports belonging, as to him or them shall seem most expedient. And that all and singular the Ships, Boats, and other Vessels, which shall come for merchandise and trade unto the said Province, or out of the same shall depart; shall be laden and unladen only at such Ports as shall be so erected and constituted by the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs or assigns, any Use, Custom, or other thing to the contrary notwithstanding; saving always unto Us, Our heirs and Successors, and to all the Subjects (of Our Kingdom of England and Ireland) of Us, Our Heirs and Successors free liberty of fishing for Sea-fish, aswell in the Sea, Bayes, Inletts, and navigable Rivers as in the Harbours, Bays and Creeks of the Province aforesaid, and the Privileges of salting and drying their fish on the shore of the said Province; and for the same cause, to cut and take underwood, or twiggs there growing, and to build Cottages and Shedds necessary in this behalf, as they heretofore have, or might reasonably have used; which Liberties and Privileges, nevertheless, the Subjects aforesaid, of Us, Our Heirs and Successors, shall enjoy without any notable damage, or injury, to be done to the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs, or assigns, or to the dwellers and inhabitants of the said Province, in the Ports, Creeks and shores aforesaid, and especially in the woods and Copses growing within the said Province: And if any shall do any such damage, or injury, he shall incur the heavy displeasure of Us, Our Heirs and Successors, the punishment of the Laws; and shall moreover make satisfaction.  
WE do furthermore, will, appoint, and ordain, and by these Presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, We do grant unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, that he the said Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, may from time to time for ever, have and enjoy the Customs and Subsidies, in the Ports, Harbours, and other Creeks and places aforesaid, within the Province aforesaid; payable, or due for merchandizes and wares, there to be jaded or unladed, the said Customs and Subsidies to be reasonably assessed (upon any occasion) by themselves and the people there, as aforesaid; to whom we give power by these Presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors upon just cause▪ and in a due proportion, to assess and impose the same.  
AND FURTHER, of Our special 
Power to create Tenors.  grace, and of Our certain knowledge, and mere motion, We have given granted, and confirmed, and by these Presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, do give, grant, and confirm unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, full and absolute licence, power, and authority, that he the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, from time to time hereafter for ever, at his, or their will, and pleasure, may assign, alien, grant, demise, or enfeoff of the Premises so many, and such parts and parcels, to him or them that shall be willing to purchase the same, as they shall think fit, TO HAVE and to hold to them the said person, or persons, willing to take or purchase the same, their heirs and assigns in fee simple, or fee tail, or for term of life, or lives, or years, to be held of the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs, and assigns, by such services, customs, and rents, as shall seem fit to the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns; and not immediately of Us, Our Heirs or Successors: and to the same person or persons, and to all and every of them. We do give and grant by these Presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, licence, authority, and power, that such person or persons may take the premises, or any parcel thereof, of the foresaid now Lord Baltemore▪ his heirs or assigns, and the same hold to themselves, their heirs, or assigns, (in what estate of inheritance soever, in fee simple, or in fee tail, or otherwise, as to them, and the now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, shall seem expedient) of the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns; the statute made in the Parliament of Edward, Son of King Henry, late King of England, Our Predecessor, commonly called the Statute Quia emptores terrarum, lately published in Our Kingdom of England, or any other Statute, Act, Ordinance, Use, Law, or Custom, or any other thing, cause, or matter thereupon heretofore had, done published, ordained, or provided to the contrary, in any wise notwithstanding; And by these Presents, We give, and grant licence unto the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heirs, to erect any parcels of land within the Province aforesaid, into Manors, and in every of the said Manors, to have, and to hold a Court Baron, with all things whatsoever, which to a Court Baron do belong, and to have and hold view of Franck-pledge, (for the conservation of the peace, and the better government of those Parts▪) by themselves or their stewards, or by the Lords for the time being of other Manors, to be deputed, when they shall be erected: and in the same to use all things belonging to View of Franck-Pledge.  
AND FURTHER, Our pleasure is, and by these Presents, for Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, we do covenant and grant to and with the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns; That We, Our Heirs and Successors, shall at no time hereafter, set, or make, or cause to be set, any Imposition, Custom, or other Taxation, Rate, or Contribution whatsoever, in or upon the dwellers and inhabitants of the foresaid Province, for their Lands, Tenements, goods or Chattels within the said Province, or in or upon any goods or merchandizes, within the said Province, or to be laden, or unladen within any the Ports or harbours of the said Province: And Our pleasure is, and for Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, We charge and command, that this Our Declaration shall be hence forward from time to time received, and allowed in all Our Courts, and before all the judges of Us Our Heirs and Successors, for a sufficient and lawful discharge payment, and acquittance; Commanding all and singular, our Officers and Ministers of Us, our Heirs and Successors, and enjoining them upon pain of Our high displeasure, that they do not presume at any time to attempt any thing to the contrary of the premises, or that they do in any sort with stand the same, but that they be at all times aiding and assisting, as is fitting, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heirs, and to the Inhabitants, and Merchants of Maryland aforesaid, their servants, ministers, factors and assigns, in the full use and fruition of the benefit of this Our Charter.  
AND FURTHER, Our pleasure is, and by these Presents for Us, our Heirs and Successors, We do grant unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns, and to the Tenants, and Inhabitants of the said Province of Mary-land, both present, and to come, and to every of them, that the said Province, Tenants, and Inhabitants of the said Colony or Country, shall not from henceforth be held or reputed as a member, or a part of the land of Virginia, or of any other Colony whatsoever, now transported, or hereafter to be transported, nor shall be depending on, or subject to their government in any thing, from whom We do separate that, and them, and Our pleasure is, by these Presents that they be separated, and that they be subject immediately to Our Crown of England, as depending thereof for ever.  
AND IF PERCHANCE hereafter it should happen, that any doubts or questions should arise, concerning the true sense and understanding of any word, clause, or sentence contained in this Our present Charter, We will, ordain, and command, that at all times, and in all things, such Interpretation be made thereof, and allowed in any of Our Courts whatsoever, as shall be judged most advantageous, and favourable unto the the said now Lord Baltemore, his heirs and assigns. PROVIDED always, that no Interpretation be admitted thereof, by which Gods Holy and Truly Christian Religion, or the allegiance due unto Us, Our Heirs and Successors, may in any thing suffer any prejudice, or diminution.  
ALTHOUGH express mention be not made in these Presents, of the true yearly value, or certainty of the premises, or of any part thereof, or of other gifts and grants, made by Us, Our Heirs, and Predecessors, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, or any Statute, Act, Ordinance, Provision, Proclamation, or restraint heretofore had, made, published, ordained, or provided, or any other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.  
IN WITNESS whereof, We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patents. Witness Ourself at Westminster, the Twentieth day of june, In the Eighth year of Our Reign.