The abridgement or Summarie of the Scots Chronicles, with a short description of their original, from the coming of GATHELUS their first Progenitor out of Graecia into Egypt. And their coming into Portugal and Spain, and of their Kings and Governors in Spain, Ireland and Albion, now called Scotland, (howbeit the whole number are not extant) with a true Chronologie of all their KINGS.  
Their Reigns, Deaths and Burials, from FERGUSIUS the first King of Scotland, until his Royal MAJESTY, now happily Reigning over all Great Britain and Ireland, and all the Isles to them appertaining.  
With a true description and division of the whole Realm of Scotland, and of the principal Cities, Towns, Abbeys, Forts, Castles, Towers and Rivers, and of the commodities in every part thereof, and of the Isles in general, with a memorial of the most rare and wonderful things in SCOTLAND.  
By JOHN MONIPENNIE.  
Printed at Britain's Burse by john Budge. 1614   

To the most High and Mighty Monarch, JAMES by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, etc.  
IT May be by many justly (most gracious Sovereign) imputed to me for no small presumption, to present to your Royal Majesty, a Prince of so great learning and excellent judgement, these simple fruits of my unskilful endeavours taken in this short abridgement. In most humble and obedient manner, I do prefer unto your Highness these my weak and unlearned labours, according to my ability, which how unworthy they be of so great a princely favour, as well for the meanness of me the writer, as for the plainness and rudeness of the style, yet if for the worthiness of the matter, and of your majesties great accustomed clemency, vouchsafe then your highness favourable regard, they shall be as fortunate, as if they had been composed by greater & more learned men, wherein briefly ●…ay be seen, the great and infinite mercy of God towards your royal person, that it hath pleased his superexcellent wisdom by his mighty power to preserve your highness ancient Kingdom of Scotland, unconquered under the Empire and government of one hundredth and six Kings, your majesties royal progenitors: and in special when almost the whole world was brought under the Roman Empire by the sword. Also to reduce in one peaceable Monarch, these ancient mighty lands & many islands, which have been divided in many several Kingdoms, one of Britons seven of Saxons, one of Scots, one of picts, one of Orkenay, and six of Ireland,: also some of the valiant and illustre noble acts of your highness most royal and ancient progenitors, and of their reigns, lives, deaths, and burials. Accept them most mighty Monarch, I most humbly beseech your royal Majesty, in your highness gracious protection, and according to my bounden duty incessantly with all humility, I will pray the great God of all might and power (to his eternal glory) long to preserve your Royal Majesty, and your gracious Queen in blessed health and peace, to reign over these your highness great united Kingdoms, and to enlarge the same, and your majesties most royal and hopeful posterity to the world's end.  
Your majesties most humble, and obedient Subject,  
JOHN MONIPENNY.   

THE ABRIDGEMENT OR SUMMARY OF the Scots CHONICLE.  
WITH A SHORT DESCRIPTION of their original from the coming of GATHELUS, their Progenitor out of Graecia into Egypt, and of their Kings and Governors in Spain, Ireland, and Albion: (howbeit the whole number are not extant) with a true Chronologie of all their Kings, lineally descended from FERGUSIUS the first King of Scotland, unto his sacred Majesty, now happily reigning over all Great Britain, Ireland, and all the Isles to them appertaining.  
GATHELUS son of CECROPS, King of ATHENS, by his insolence made many invasions, in Macedonia, and Achaia, in Graecia. And because he could not suffer correction, he with many valiant Grecians came into Egypt, & followed Pharaoh in his wars against the Aethiopians; who with great cruelty had wasted the most part of Egypt, unto Memphis the principal city of that Realm; Pharaoh with support of Gathelus vanquished and overcame the Aethiopians in a most dangerous battle. And Gathelus valiantly vanquished and wan their principal city called Meroe. After this great victory, he being a lusty person, strong of body, and of a great spirit, won great favour with the King and his familiars, that the King's daughter SCOTA was given in marriage unto Gathelus, with many lands. Shortly after Pharaoh died, and another Pharaoh succeeded; who oppressed the Israelites with great servitude and tyranny. Gathelus abhorring such cruelty, conferring with MOSES; also having respon of the Oracles of Egypt, was foreseen of the plagues to come upon Egypt, made provision for all things necessary for sailing, and took shipping with his wife Scota, his valiant Grecians, and many Egyptians from the river Nilus, the year of the world 2453. After long sailing and travel he arrived at the land of Numidia, being stopped to land, he pulled up sails, and with dangerous and painful passage through the straits, he landed in one part of Spain then called Lusi●…nia, by his arrival called Portgathel, now Portugal: at his landing the old inhabitants came against him with arrayed battle, whom he vanquished. He builded one City upon the river Munda, then called Brachare, now called Barsolona. Then after he came into the North part of Spain, now called Gal●…ia; where he builded a city called Brigance, now Compostella, where he reigned with Princely dignity, and instituted laws, and named his people Scots, after his wife Scota: for she had born unto him two sons twins, HIBER and HEMICUS. He brought with him from Egypt the marble fatal chair, which was transported to Ireland, and to Albion, now called Scotland; wherein all their Kings were crowned, until the time of King Edward the first, who transported the whole ancient regal monuments of Scotland, with the marble fatal chair to Westminster, where it remaineth to this day: 
The Scots shall brook that Realm, as native ground,  
(If words fail not) where ever this chair is found:  Gathelus sitting in his marble chair within this city of Brigance, governed his people with Princelydignity peaceably, and instituted laws. And seeing his people increase with such great multitude, and not willing to violate the band, made with the old inhabitants, being informed by divers expert explorators, that there was an Isle opposite to Spain on the North, with a rude people inhabited, having no laws nor manners. Therefore he brought all the ships he could get with expedition to the next Sea port, with sufficient provision, with Hiber and Hemicus, accompanied with valiant warriors, and ordained Hiber to be Admiral to pass the said Isle, which they obeyed: & hoisting sails with fortunate winds, arrived the fifth day after in the said Island. Immediately landing, their people then pitched their Tents on the next trenches. The rude inhabitants amazed at the arriving and landing of such a multitude of warriors, fled with their cattle and goods into their Caverns. Hiber commanding certain of his warriors to pass forth; and if the inhabitants would be willingly subdued, no slaughter to be committed upon them. The inhabitants being brought as prisoners to the Admiral, and seeing him merciful, rendered themselves and their goods: and he received them with such benevolence, that he suffered the old inhabitants to increase with his people, under one name and law, and called the land Hibernia, now Ireland. Hiber returning into Spain, left his brother Himecus with a strong garrison of valiant warriors, with wives and children to inhabit the land, and to hold the same under obedience and subjection. At his return into Spain his father being deceased, he succeeded King, and augmented his Empire, and conquered sundry lands from the Spaniards, having with him at all times a strong guard of valiant men. By his puissance and ch●…alrie he subdued the people in such manner, that he was holden in great estimation and reverence, that they were constrained to seek his peace; the land being named after Hiber, Hiberia: the Scots and old inhabitants grew under one name and blood with such tender and friendly benevolence (not remembering of old injuries) each one willing to defend his neighbour (as well in peace as wars) as his brother or father. Of Hiber descended by long progression, a great posterity lineally succeeding, amongst whom were many noble and famous Kings; howbeit the whole number of them are not extant.  
HIMECUS governed Ireland in great felicity justice, and tranquillity, both the Scots and the old inhabitants during his life time. Immediately after his decease, arose an odious controversy between the Scots and the old inhabitants for the government, every nation contending to have a governor of their own blood, which contention enduring long time, at last they created two Governors, between whom was continual battles and great slaughter on either side, through ambition and burning desire to be sole Governor of all Ireland. After long and dangerous battles, the two people broken with sundry displeasures, were constrained to take peace; howbeit the same endured but a short time, each one of them pursuing other with battle; and yet they dwelled many years together, by interchange of peace and wars, while at the last the Scots suffering many injuries, sent their Ambassador to METELLIUS, who was then King of the Scots in Spain, desiring to have support against the old inhabitants of Ireland, declaring them to be a rude wild people, impatient to suffer any Empire above them; So that the Scots can have no tranquillity, unless the said people were the more speedily tamed and subdued. This foresaid message was the more acceptable to the King Metellius: for it concerned the Commonwealth both of the Scots nation in Spain and Ireland, descending (by long progression) of our lineage and blood, and willingly satisfying the aforesaid ambassadors request, trusting the same to be no less honour and glory to himself as profit to his friends. Therefore the King sent his three sons HERMONEUS, PTOLOMEUS, and HIBERT with a great Army of valiant men into Ireland, where they with right dangerous battles vanquished the old inhabitants, and brought them under subjection. Hermonens returning into Spain, left his two brethren to govern the land, who governed the same long time after in great tranquillity and justice, ins●…ituting laws, and instructed the Priests to make incense and sacrifice in the same manner as the Egyptians used: so both the people increased many years in great felicity, peace and riches during the Government of Ptolomeus and Hibert, and long after their decease. But too great prosperity engendereth evil manners, and causeth men to work often displeasures upon themselves, finding no foreign enemies to invade them at home. The people after long peace were divided for the government, contending for the same with great rigour and slaughter on both sides, until the one had almost utterly destroyed the other, if they had not been reconciled by a noble man, named Thanaus, principal Ambassador, sent by the King, then reigning over the Scots in Spain (rejoicing of the felicity succeeding to his friends) and to cause them by his prudent consultation, to increase together under one mind. Thanaus' being a prudent man, bearing nuturall affection to both the parties, persuading them at sundry conventions to remove all contention, and to elect one (whom they thought most expedient) to be their King, and to be obedient to him in all their government. Through this persuasion the whole people had such fervent desire to have one King, that all old injuries being forgotten, they appointed Thanaus to elect a King, whom he thought most expedient) and he seeing their minds willing to have a nuturall King, declaring to them that there is in Spain a noble Prince of great severity and justice, named SIMON BREK, well accustomed with your laws, and lineally descended from the ancient King Metellius, whom he thought most fittest to be their King. The whole people hearing the name of SIMON BREK, were well content to have him their King, because that name was esteemed very fortunate in those days. Then after with consent of the whole people, Ambassadors were sent into Spain, to request the said Simon to come into Ireland, to be their King. He knowing by grave advisement the intent of the Ambassadors, prouid●…d a great Fleet of Ships with all things necessary, and finally by prosperous winds arrived in Ireland, where he was solemnly received, and crowned in the chair of Marble, which he brought out of Spain, esteemed as a most rich jewel in those days; from the beginning of the world 3314. From the flood of Noah 1658. From the building of Rome 102. Before the birth of Christ 651. He reigned with great felicity peaceably forty years, being specially counseled by the aforesaid Thanaus, to whom he gave sundry lands, lying in the South part of Ireland, beside the river Birsus, which lands are now called Dowdall, where he dwelled with the people he brought with him out of the famous city Brigance, now called Compostella. They were called Brigands; of whom after by process of time descended many valiant and noble men, who came with Fergusius the first King in Scotland, by whom all the lands now called Galloway, were then called Brigance, whose inhabitants were ever full of manhood and strongest enemies against Romans, Britain's, and Picks: Simon deceased, his son FANDUF succeeded King: after Fanduf succeeded ETHION: after Ethion succeeded GLAUCUS: after Glaucus succeeded NATHASIL: after Nathasil succeeded Rothesay.  
ROTHESAY was the first King that brought Scots with him into Albion. The first Isle that he inhabited he called after his own name Rothesay, the remanent Isles were called Hebredes: after Hiber the eldest son of Gathelus. Rothesay hearing the death of his father Nathasil, returned into Ireland, and was there crowned King. The year that Scots were brought out of Ireland into Albion, was from the Empire of Simon Brek in Ireland 216. years: from the beginning of the world 3530. The Scots spread in sundry parts of Albion, lying far North, and inhabited many Isles. The first part that they took possession of was named Ardgael, from Gathelus, which now is called Ardgile. They being divided into sundry Tribes, elected certain Captains to every Tribe, to govern them both in peace and war, having the name of their Captain in great reverence, swearing by their names; which custom was long observed in those Isles and the high lands. Then after about 150. years, a banished people named Picks, came forth of Denmark to search a dwelling place, and after they were inhibited to land in France, Britain, and Ireland. They landed in Albion, first in Orknay, of old called the old Realm of the Picks. The Seas between Orknay and Caithnes is called Pentland Firth, & the lands now called Loutheane (was of old called Pentland) after the name of the Picks. Then after they came into Caithnes, Ros, Murray, Merms, Angus, Fiffe and Loutheave, and expelled all the old inhabitants. They were a Civil people right ingenuous andcrafty both in peace and wars. After their planting in the aforesaid parts, they elected a King to govern them, and hold them in justice, and made great policy in building of munitions, towns, and Castles. And because they knew all people, without issue to succeed, should perish, they sent their Ambassadors to the Scots, to have their daughters in marriage, showing (though they were of strange blood) they should not be so smally regarded, seeing they with no less prudence than manhood have sustained incredible dangers both by Sea and land. And now lately conquered (through the benevolence of the Gods) right plenteous lands with such peace and tranquillity, that no other people may claim them by reason: Trusting surely (if the Gods support them) by their own industry to be equal to any their neighbours, both in peace and war. Further if the Scots condescended to their honourable desires, it might be they increasing together (so strong under one blood) that they might resist the fury of their enemies the better, when it happened them to be invaded. This embassage was not pleasant to the Scots at the first, thinking it unworthy to have any society or marriage with an unknown and banished people: but by grave advisement, and being profoundly resolved, and finding themselves as yet not able to resist the force of the Britaines their old enemies, they determined to give their daughters to the Picks in marriage, and to have a band of peace with them, with conditions that every one of them shall enjoy the lands which pertained unto them before the marriage, and to concur together with their whole puissance, as oft as they were invaded by enemies. Any that did offence to any of them should be reputed as enemy to them both. And as often as the Crown of the picts should come in question for lack of an heir, the King to be elected of the nearest of the woman's blood. These conditions accepted on all sides, the Scots gave their daughters in marriage to the picts. The Britain's suspecting this marriage, and dreading the increasing of this confederate people under one blood in short time, that neither might the Britain's for the time present, nor their posterity resist the puissance of these two united people. Therefore being minded to destroy them both, and to invade them with fraudulent sleights, rather than with any force of battle. And sending their Ambassadorus to the picts, alured the picts to violate their band with the Scots. By great persuasion & crafty dealing of the Britain's, the band was dissolved; & moving occasion of battle against the Scots, commanded by general edict, no Scots to be found in their bounds at a prefixed day, under pain of death. The day being expired, all Scots within their bounds were killed without mercy, as breakers of their laws. The Scots impatient to sustai●…e such injuries, killed as many of the picts; so there followed continual kill and murder on all sides, not regarding affinity, blood, time, nor pl●…ce. In this manner the peace dissolved, the picts denounced battle to the Scots: then after followed continual incursions and invasions on either parties. The Scots assembling in Ardgiel, were sufficiently resolved, that the battle that they were to hold, was not only against the picts, but also against the Britain's. Therefore it was agreed, to send their Ambassadors to their ancient progenitors and friends in Ireland, to have their support and counsel in this most dangerous matter, and for that plurality of Captains (as often occurreth) raiseth sedition: the best is to elect one to have Empire above the rest, by whose manhood and counsel, they might defend their lives and liberties, against a false and perjured people, invading them without any occasion. The Ambassadors being directed to Ireland, complained of the wicked offence done by the picts, and desired support.  
FERQUHARDUS (then being King of the Scots in Ireland) greatly moved for the displeasure done to his friends in Albion, sent his son.  
FERGUSIUS a wise and valiant Prince, with many valiant soldiers, and to give them the more esperance, and assurance of permanent and good fortune, he sent with them the fatal Marble chair. Fergusius was the more pleasantly received by the Scots of Albion, because their Commonwealth approached to great danger, by a most perilous apparent battle. Then after a Council was called in Ardgiel, where Fergusius made a large Oration, and acceptable Speech. Therefore by grave consultation, they condescended to be governed by Empire of one King, as well in peace as in any trouble appearing against their enemies. Furthermore to remove all suspicion of hatred (because every Tribe desired, a King of their own lineage) they elected Fergusius, both for his noble blood, and other his excellent virtues, to be their King: moreover he was so approved in martial deeds and justice, that no Captain of the Tribes might be any ways compared unto him.  
FERGUSIUS the first King of Scots (in Albion, now called Scotland) son to Ferquhard King of Ireland, was crowned in the fatal Marble Chair, which he brought with him (by respon of the Gods) to establish his reign in Scotland. The year from the creation of the world 3641. Before the coming of Christ 330. In the first year of the 112. olympiad. In the 421. year after the building of Rome, about the beginning of the third Monarchy. When Alexander the great vanquished Darius the last Monarch of Persia, in the reign of Chimarus King of Britain, the King employed his whole mind to resist the injury of this battle, moved by the picts; he calling all the Captains, ordained them to be prepared with forty days provision. To pass with him, he made an greement and concord amongst all his Nobles and Captains, commanding his people to be obedient to their Captains, he making sacrifice to his Gods (as the custom was) praying the Gods to take vengeance of the party that was the first occasion of battle against other, and to grant him such felicity in his just defence; that victory might succeed to him without any great damage of his people. The Picts assembled an army, which many Britain's concurring to their support, appeared on either side a wicked & unnatural battle between two confederate people, friends, fathers and sons. The picts came first i●…o the Scots lands; against whom with no less courage than manhood, the King with his valiant Scots, with ancient arms displayed in form of a Banner, in which was a ●…dde Lion Rampant in a field of gold, whilst the Scots and picts were in array in each others fight: the army of Britain's stood in array also, devising what way they might destroy them both, with f●…me purpose when the Scots and Pcties were vanquished, the one by the other, that the party victorious should utterly be destroyed by their fresh army: and when both these peoples were destroyed by this flight, the Britain's might enjoy both their Realms in Albion, without any impediment. This subtle sleight was discoured to King Fergusius by a banished Britain, through which both the armies moved no less by fear of enemies, then by their own proper damage, prolonged the battle certain days. King Fergusius desiring communication with the King of Picts, who willingly with some of his Nobles, had communication a long time together, after long conference, and deliberate consultation with their Counsellors on both parties, and rueful crying of the picts wives, being the Scots daughters, peace was finally concluded, between the two confederate people, under these conditions, redress of all injuries, being made on all parties. The Britain's (movers of this battle) shall be reputed enemies to them both; all other charges to be at the pleasure and will of the two Kings. And when any enemy occurred, that they and their people should conjoin together, under one mind and ordinance. This peace being more strongly corroborate, the Kings returned home. King Fergusius in a most dangerous battle, assisted by the picts, vanquished the Britain's, which time King coil or Chimarus (unwatily kept by his Nobles) was killed in the land after his name then called Coyll, now Kyle in Scotland. After this victory the King called his whole Nobles and Subjects to a general convention; and he making a large and plausible Oration and speech, the Nobles and Subjects condescended and agreed, that King Fergusius and his posterity should possess the Crown of Scotland; whereupon Charters and Evidences were granted to him and his successors for ever.  
The Kingdom of Scotland being confirmed to King Fergusius, his heirs and successors, with deliberate counsel of his Nobles, he divided the whole lands then inhabited by the Scots amongst his Nobles and Captains of the Tribes by lots or cavils. The first lot chanced or fell unto Cornath, Captain and his Tribe; the land of Caithnes, lying over against Orkeney, between Dum misbye and the river of Thane: Secondly to Captain Lutorke the lands between the water of Thane & Nesse, now called ROS. This Lutorke came with a band of valiantmen, out of Ireland with King Fergusius into Albion. This land of Ros lieth in breadth from Cromarte to the water of Lochtie. In this country was the famous Castle of Vrquhart, of which the ruinous walls remain in great admiration: Thirdly, to Captain Warroth, the lands lying between Spey and Neffe, from the Almain to the Irish Seas, the people inhabitants of this part (after their Captain) were called Wars, being seditious, they were expelled, and the Murrayes possessed that land, and called the same land Murray land: Fourthly, to Captain Thalis the lands of Boyne, Aynie, Bogewall, Gariot, Formartyn, and Bowquhan. These lands were then called under one name, Thalia by the name of their Captain: Fiftly, to Captain Martach, all the lands of Marre, Badzenoth and Loth Quhabar. The sixth to Captain Novance, the lands of Lorne and Kyntier, with the high places and mountains thereof, lying from Marre to the Irish Seas. The seventh to Atholus the lands of Athole, for he was descended of the Scots of Spain, and came out of Spain into Ireland, and with Fergusius he came into Scotland. The eight to Creones and Epidithes, two Captains of the Tribes, the lands of Strabrawne and Braidawane, lying West from Dunkeld. The ninth to Captain Argathelus, the lands of Ardgile, his people were named Argatheles from Gathelus their first progenitor; but now they are called men of Ardgile. The tenth to Captain Lolgonas, the lands of Levenox and Cliddisdale. The eleventh to Captain Silurch, the lands of Siluria, which Region is now divided into Kyle, Carrike, and Cunningham; the inhabitants were right ingenuous and strong. The twelfth to the Brigands, the lands of Brigance, now called Golloway.  
King Fergusius after the dividing of these lands, he instituted laws to repress vice; he builded the Castle of Berigone in Longhquhaber. He passed the remanent of his days in good peace with the Britain's and picts. At the last he was elected as judge arbitral to discern upon certain high Controversies, chancing amongst his friends in Ireland. He accompanied with certain of his Nobles, passed into Ireland and pacified them of all matters, returning home, by a very dangerous tempest perished with all his Nobles that were in his company, upon a rock in the Sea, called after his name Craigfergus, the five and twentieth year of his reign. In his reign was Morindus King of Britain's, and Cruthneus Camelon King of picts, who builded upon the water of Carron the City of Camelon, the principal and strongest City of the picts, which resisted the Romans and Britain's, until that Kenneth King of Scotland (who exiled the picts out of Albion) brought it unto utter subversion. This Cruthneus Camelon builded also the town and Castle of Edinburgh, sometime called the maiden Castle; for all the noble young women of the picts were nourished, and learned in all skilful labour of their hands, until they were ready to marry.  
Fergusius departing this present life, as aforesaid a convention was holden by the Nobles, for election of a King. After a long disputation and reasoning, it was concluded by plain consent of Parliament, and enacted when it happened their King to decease, and having heirs gotten of his body, being children; the nearest of the King's blood, and fittest to do justice, shall possess the Crown for his time; after his death, the King's son shall succeed to the crown without impediment, if he were able thereto: by the same act it was prohibited children to be Kings. This custom endured long time, which raised much discord in this Realm of Scotland; for the father's brother reigning in the minority of his Nephew, cast his chiefest business to destroy him, and likewise the Nephew to the father's brother for ambition of the Crown, through which occurreth continual kill of Kings and Nobles, to the great damage of the Realm and Common wealth.  
2 FEZITHARIS brother to Fergusius, by the aforesaid act, began his reign the year of the world 3666. before the coming of Christ 305. years, from the beginning of the reign of Scotland 26. years: he was a good King and severe justicer, and was willing to have discharged himself of the Kingdom, in favour of Ferlegus, eldest son to his brother Fergusius; which his Nobles would not condescend unto, because of the Statute and act of Parliament lately made, which continued until the time of the reign of King KENETUS the third almost 1205. years: he was killed by the aforesaid Ferlegus the fifteenth year of his reign. Ferlegus the murderer, and all other participant with him being banished, were fugitives among the picts, and finding no security of his life, he passed into Britain, where he spent the rest of his days in great misery.  
3 MAINUS King Fergusius second son, succeeded in the year of the world 3680. before Christ 291. after the beginning of the reign 41. He was a noble King, a good justiciar; for he exercised justice airs, for repressing of trespassers, and ratified the old league with Crinus King of picts, holding good peace with his confederates and Britain's. He died peaceably the nine and twentieth year of his reign.  
4 DORNADILLA succeeded his father Mainus in the year of the world 3709. before Christ 262. after the beginning of the reign 70. He was a good King, and confirmed peace with the picts and Britain's, he delighting greatly in hunting, races and hounds, made certain laws profitable for hunting, which were observed many years after: he died peaceably the eight and twentieth year of his reign.  
5. NOTHATUS succeeded his brother Dornadilla, (whose son REWTHER was a child not able to govern by virtue of the aforesaid Statute) the year of the world 3738. before Christ 233. after the beginning of the reign 98. He was an avaricious cruel Tyrant: he was killed by Dowall one of his Nobles, Captain of the Brigands, the twentieth year of his reign.  
6 REUTHERUS Dornadella his son succeeded the year of the world 3758. before Christ 213. after the reign 118. He being young, (assisted by Dowall) raised great contention by the persuasion of Ferquhart, Captain of Kentire and Lorne (cousin to Nothatus the tyrant late killed) a man of subtle wit, and having great ambition to the Crown. Between the aforesaid parties there was cruel wars: Ferquhart being fugitive in Ireland returned being assisted with many Irish men, with the inhabitants of Kyntire, Lorne, Ardgile, Caithnes, Murray, and with a great army. Dowall res●…ing, came with a great power (accompanied with the young King and the King of picts) and many other his friends; there was a cruel battle and killing of Chieftains and Nobles on both parties. The King of picts with many of his Nobles pitifully killed Reutherus, the young King pursued and taken at the Castle of calendar. By this unhappy battle was such terrible slaughter, that neither Scots nor picts were left living sufficient to inhabit their Realms, nor to withstand their enemies. Afterwards the Scots and picts were most cruelly invaded by the Britain's, and a great multitude killed, the rest exiled. King Reutherus and his people passed into Ireland, and the picts passed into Orkney. King Reutherus returning from Ireland, and the picts with their King Gethus returning from Orkney, they gave battle to the King of Britain's, and obtaining victory by the high and sovereign manhood, and valiantness of the foresaid King Reuthorus, the Britain's rendered all the forts, lands, and towns pertaining to the Scots and picts, with faithful promise never to invade them in time coming. This peace being concluded, the Scots, picts and Britain's continued in great tranquillity many years after: the King enduring the rest of his days, had good peace, and died the six and twentieth year of his reign.  
7 RHEUDA succeeded his brother Reutherus in the year of the world 3784. before Christ 187. after the beginning of the reign 144. He was a good King, he caused sepultures to be made for noble & valiant men: he brought artificers into his Realm, and instituted sundry good laws. In his time came certain Orators, Philosophers from King Ptolomeus of Egypt, who were pleasantly received and well entertained, because they were descended of the Egyptians his ancient forefathers. These Orators did write and consider the situation of the hills, mountains, valleys, rivers, locks, frithes, Isles, towns, and forts within the Realm of Scotland, and the lands thereto pertaining, as also to the picts. He reigned peaceably sixteen years, and resigned the crown to THEREUS, son to King Reutherus.  
8 THEREUS Reutherus son succeeded in the year of the world 3799. before Christ 171. after the reign 158. He appeared in the first six months to be a virtuous Prince; but after he became an unwise cruel tyrant. Therefore being degraded of all honour, he was exiled. And Conan Captain of the Brigands elected to be governor, who governed the Realm peaceably during the exile of Thereus, who died in the City of York in misery the twelfth year of his reign.  
9 JOSINA succeeded his brother Thereus the year of the world 3810. before Christ 161. after the reign 170. He was a peaceable and good King, ratifying peace with his confederates the picts, and also with the Britain's: he was a good Medecinar and Herbestar. In his time were brought to his presence in Berigone. Two venerable Philosophers, pleasant of visage almost naked, being Priests of Spain, passing from Portugal to Athens, and by unmerciful tempest, were Ship-broken at Ros, their ship and company with Mariners all perished, they only saved. After refreshing and good entertainment, the King desired and demanded of them, what they understood by their science of the nature of the ground of Scotland, after good and deliberate advisement (so far as they might conjecture) there was more riches and profit to be gotten within the veins of the earth of Scotland then above; for it was given more to the winning of Mines and metals than any production of corn. They knew this by the influence of the heavens. Also they learned the people to worship only God the Creator, prohibiting them to make sacrifice (as their custom then was) to Isis and Apis, the Gods of the Egyptians, but only to make their sacrifice, prayers, and adoration in their Temples (without any imagery) to the eternal God, creator of heaven and earth, which the people for the most part observed long time. King josina being a virtuous Prince died in peace the four and twentieth year of his reign, and buried at Berigone.  
10 FINNANUS succeeded his father josina the year of the world 3834. before Christ 137. after the reign 194. a wise and virtuous King, a good justiciar, with advice of his Nobles, rewarding them honourably after their deservings, winning the hearts of his people, ruled with great felicity, increasing in riches: he did institute Prelates and Clerks to be in the Isle of man, instructing Noble men's children in their youth. This virtuous King married his son Durstius with Agafia, daughter to the King of Britain's: he won great favour among them; he visited the King of picts, who was vexed with a vehement fever in Camelon: he died there the thirtieth year of his reign, and was brought to Berigone, and there buried among the Sepultures of his progenitors.  
12 DURSTIUS succeeded his father Finnanus the year of the world 3864. before Christ 107. from the beginning of the reign 224. a cruel and traytercus tyrant, killed in battle by his Nobles the ninth year of his reign.  
12 EVENUS primus succeeded his brother Durstius the year of the world 3873. before Christ 98. after the reign 133. a wise, just, and virtuous King. He was the first that caused his Nobles and subjects to give their oath of fidelity; he executed justice severely in all the parts of his Realm. At length there came Ambassadors from the picts, showing that the Britaines were in armour, purposing to besiege their City Camelon: the King to assist his confederate friends, came with expedition against the Britain's, Scots and picts, went forward with great courage: the Britain's with no less audacity on the other part, followeth a very dangerous battle, with uncertain victory, until the night severed them. The confederate Kings seeing their army broken, retired in the night. The Britain's so broken, and despairing of new support retired in the same manner as discomfited people; their Camp standing with their carriage. The confederate people advertised hereof, returned and parted the spoil by custom of arms. The King returned to Berigone, rewarded their friends that were slain in the said battle, and others promoted to public offices, some with riches and goods: and the rest of his days he was a severe justiciar, and died in peace the nineteenth year of his reign; buried in Dunstaffage.  
13 GILLUS bastard, son to Euenus, usurped the crown, and traitorously killed two sons of Durstius, contending for the crown in the year of the world 3892. before Christ 79. after the reign 252. A crafty tyrant, killed in battle by Cadellus Captain of the Brigands; the second year of his reign his head cut off, his body buried in Dunstaffage.  
14 EVENUS secundus, Donallus son, King Finnan●…s brother, succeeded in the year of the world 3894. before Christ 77. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 254. A good justiciar, civil, virtuous and peaceable King. Cadallus after the kill of Gillus, returning out of Ireland with his victorious army, by rage of Tempest were almost all perished; Cadallus was truly rewarded with many lands by the King, and comforted by him concerning his great loss of Nobles and friends. King Euenus marrying Siora daughter of Gethus, King of picts, confirmed the old band. After that he vanquished Balus King of Orkney, who finding no way to escape, killed himself: he builded Innerlothy and Innernes: he resigned the crown to Ederus, giving him wise and good counsel: he died in peace the seventeenth year of his reign, buried in Dunstaffage.  
15 EDERUS Durstius sonne●…, succeeded in the year of the world 3911. before Christ 60. after the reign 271. a wise, valiant, and good King. Bredus of the Isles (cousin to Gillus, killed as is before mentioned) made insurrection. Shortly after the King pursuing him and his associates, they were all taken captives, and many with the said Bredus killed. Cassibilian King of Britain's, sent his Ambassadors to the King of Scots, desiring support against julius Caesar the Roman Emperor, who was ready with most dreadful Ordinance to come into Albion. The King and Nobles receiving the Ambassadors courteously, Androgeus' special. Ambassador, after a large and serious Oration, the King and Nobles being advised, sent unto London ten thousand chosen men, under the conduct and government of Cadallan and Dowall, Captains of the Brigands and Lorne. Also an army of picts came at the request of King Ederus. The Britain's were raised in great esperance of victory by the aid of Scots and picts; for they had no little confidence in their manhood and chivalry: King Cassibilian went forward with his whole power, against the Romans there ensued a dangerous and doubtful battle; at the last the Romans were fugitive, and being minded to renew the battle, julius (hearing of the great destruction of his Ships) changed his mind, hoist sails in the night, and returned into France, leaving behind them a great prey of goods, when julius Caesar was forced to avoid Albion. The Britain's, Scots and picts parted the spoil gotten in his Camp by custom of arms, rejoicing of this glorious victory. Cadallane and Dowall, richly rewarded by Cassibilian, returned with the Scots army; at whose coming the King was greatly rejoiced; then followed such love and kindness between the Britain's, Scots and picts, that it appeared them to live in perpetual peace. The King passing to Innernes, was certainly informed by sundry Merchants strangers, that julius had pacified France to his Empire, and making provision for a new army, to return into Britain, to revenge the injuries done unto him the last year, he sends his Ambassadors to Cassibilian, promising (if he pleased) to send ten thousand chosen men unto his aid and support. The Britain's (moved with vain arrogancy) refused to have any supply of Scots or picts: julius returning into Britain, was three sundry times put back, but at the last Cassibilian was vanquished, and his whole valiant Captains taken or killed, and his lands made to pay three thousand pound of silver to the Romans for tribute. julius sendeth his Ambassadors to the Scots and picts, offering them conditions of peace two several times. They were resolute to remain free, not to be subject, and refusing all conditions of peace, were willing to defend their lives and liberties. julius being minded to invade the Scots and picts, was advertised of a sudden uproar in France; for which cause he passed into France: Murket Gildus nephew made insurrection against the King. Therefore he sent Cadallane with armed men, who hanged Murket with his complices. The King continued in good peace the rest of his days; he died peaceably the forty eight year of his reign: buried in Dunstaffage.  
16 EVENUS tertius succeeded his father Ederus, the year of the world 3959. before Christ 12. after the reign 319. He was a luxurious, avaricious tyrant, retaining a hundred Concubines, and not being satiate with them, he was taken in a battle captive, and imprisoned, and was killed by a young child the first night, the child was executed on the morrow, the seventh year of his reign, buried at Dunstaffage.  
17 METELIANUS Ederus brother's son, succeeded the year of the world 3966. before the coming of Christ 4. years; after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 326. A very modest, civil and good King, peace being universally at the birth of our Saviour Christ. The Roman Emperor Augustus sent his Ambassadors into Britain, requesting the Britain's to continue peace, with whom the King sent manyrich jewels to Augustus to be offered in their Capitol: he won sure amity of them, which endured long. In this time were in Rome V●…rgil, Horace, O●…d, Tullius, Marcus Varro, Straba, Titus, Livius Salustius, with many other learned men: he died peaceably the nine and thirtieth year, of his reign; buried in Dunstaffage.  
18 CARATACUS Metellanus Sister's son succeeded in the year of the world 4005. in the year of Christ 35. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 365. He enjoying the great treasure and riches, left by King Metellanus, exceeded all the Kings in Albion in riches, being wise and valiant, pacifying his Realm from all uproar and rebellion, specially in the Isles, and executing severe justice. The Britaines at this time rebelling against the Romans, sent their Ambassadors to Caratacus, desiring support against the Romans, he first reproaching them for their wilful refusal. The Scots offering them support, wisely counseling them to solicit the normans, Picards, Barteners and all them on the Sea coast, to rebel against them, and to kill the Soldiers, promising assistance of the Kings of Albion, with money and valiant warriors, both by Sea and land. The Romans shortly invading the Britain's in a dangerous battle vanquished them, and killed their King Claudius Emperor: and Vespasian coming into Britain subdued them again, and passing into Orkney subdued the same, and brought Ganus King of Orkney his wife and children in his triumph to Rome. The Britain's coming to York, made new insurrection, assisted by Caratacus King of Scots, and Congestus King of picts, against whom Plancius Roman Governor, and Arviragus then King of Britain's came with a great Army. Caratacus being elected General, there followed a cruel and dangerous battle, with uncertain victory until the night separated them on either parties: Plancius on the morrow seeing his great loss, specially of his horsemen, returned to London, and Caratacus returned to York: the next year Vespasian with many legions of Romans were sent into Britain. Arviragus assisting with the rest of the Britain's, convened at York threescore and five thousand chosen men. The confederate Kings came with threescore thousand valiant warriors: there was a terrible and cruel battle. The Albion's (notwithstanding their great valiantness, were discomfited by the prudent government of Vespasian, the King of picts killed, the whole Britain's being killed except six hundred with their King. Caratacus returned with a few number to Brigance. Vespasian wintered in York, and in the Spring besieged and wan Camelon, wherein was found many rich monuments and jewels, with a precious crown of gold, set about with many precious stones of divers colours, with a sword with hilts of gold, which Uespasian used in all his wars, he remaining in Camelon. Cara●…s assembled a new army, against whom Plancius was sent with a great army; a cruel battle ensued. The victory at last succeeded to the Romans. The rest of the Scots (that escaped this sorrowful battle) were fugitive to the mountains. King Caratacus sore wounded, was brought with great difficulty to Dunstaffage. Vespasian sending his messengers to Caratacus, promising (if he would be obedient to the Roman Empire) that he should remain in honours, and be reputed and holden as a friend to the Senate, and people of Rome; who answered that the Kingdom of Scotland was as free to him as the Kingdom of Romans was to Caesar. Vespasian returning to Rome Caratacus assembling a new army; the Romans encountering him with a great multitude, there followed a cruel and terrible battle, long with uncertain victory; at the last the Romans obtained victory. Caratacus returned to Dunstaffage. Plancius dying at Camelon, Ostorius Scapula was sent by the Emperor in his place, who after sundry rebellions of the Britaines conquered them, he came within the bounds of Scotland. Caratacus gathered a new army of forty thousand valiant men; there ensued a dangerous and terrible battle, the victory succeeding at last to the Romans. Caratacus wife, his daughter and brother were taken, himself returning to Cartamunda his stepmother, Queen of Scots (in whom he trusted) but unworthily he was by her betrayed, and rendered to the Romans. King Caratacus was sent with his wife, daughter and brother to Rome, where he was greatly admired, and honourably of the Emperor entertained, and remitted freely with his Queen, daughter, and brother to return home, restoring all his lands again, he remaining the rest of his days in good peace, died the twentieth year of his reign, and buried in Dunstaffage.  
19 CORBREDUS primus, succeeded his brother Caratacus in the year of the world 4025. in the year of Christ 55 after the reign 385. a wife King and good justiciar. He convented his Nobles, and took counsel of Venisius, the husband of Cartamunda his stepmother, Queen of Scots, who by erafty sleights had taken the aforesaid Venisius her husband, and sundry of his friends, and detained them prisoners, purposing to render them into the Romans hands. The King impatient thereof, came and relieved them, commanding her to be buried quick: after a cruel battle between the Romans and the Scots and picts, peace was concluded. The Romans shall possess the lands of Britain by them conquered, without invading of Scots or picts, then after by command of Nero. Veraneus was sent into Britain, who shortly died, Woada, sister to Corbredus Queen of Britain, sent to her brother, complaining of her misery & trouble, her daughters deflowered, herself shamefully beaten by unmerciful Romans. Corbredus moved herewith, renewed the band with the picts, and they raising a great army, killed all the Romans they might apprehend, and wan in their journey Berwick, being then the most populous town of that Region. In this time there came a people called Murrayes out of Almain, with their Captain Rodrik, put forth and expelled out of their native land, being inhibited 
Original of the most ancient surname of Murrayes.  to land in France and Britain, arrived in Forth between Louthiane and Fiffe. They were sworn enemies to the Romans, rejoicing greatly that they might have occasion to be revenged upon their enemies; requesting the confederate Kings to suffer them to pass foremost, in support of their people; and (if it chanced the Romans to be vanquished) to grant them wives that they might increase under one blood with the Scots. Their conditions were granted to the Murrayes. The confederate King with the Murrayes went forwards, and joining with the valiant Queen of Britain's Woada, who rejoicing of her brother King Corbredus and the King of Picts coming, after an Oration and comfottable Speech made by her: proffering her with five thousand Ladies, armed to pass in the front of the battle, against the unmerciful and shameful deflowrers of Virgins and Matrons, the cruel Romans. The confederate Kings allowing her courage, passed forwards, Cattus the Roman Governor with arrayed arms came to resist them: there followed a sharp battle: the horsemen of the Romans being vanquished, the rest were fugitive with Cattus, sore wounded escaped and returned into France. The Albion's departed the spoil and riches of this field amongst them, and killed the Romans in all parts where they might apprehend them: in this battle were killed threescore and ten thousand Romans, and thirty thousand Albion's, had not Swetonius Roman Legate come hastily into Britain, with two legions and ten thousand warriors of sundry Nations, the Albion's had been perpetually delivered of the Romans: Woada the Queen hearing of the new army of Romans, assembled a new and great army of Britain's, Scots and picts, and Murrayes; there followed a bloody and terrible battle. At last the Albion's being vanquished, fourscore thousand killed: the Murrayes almost killed with their Captain Roderik, Woada killed herself, to escape the injury of the Romans; her two daughters were taken and brought armed to Swetonius. The eldest daughter was married unto a noble Roman named Marius, who after was by command of Caesar made King of Britain's. Corbredus broken with this sorrowful battle, returned with the rest of his army into Scotland, and gave to the rest of the Murrayes (that escaped out of the field) all the lands between Spey and Innernes, which lands were called after them Murray land: for the old inhabitants being seditious and troublesome were partly expelled. The Murrayes were then married unto Scottish Virgins, and remained under one blood & friendship. Corbredus the King continued the rest of his days in peace, and died the eighteenth year of his reign: buried in Dunstaffage.  
20 DARDANUS nephew to Metellanus succeeded, being a lusty person, fair of visage and body: he was well-beloved of the people, in the year of the world 4042. the year of Christ 72. after the reign 402. He appeared in the beginning to be a good King; but being within three years degenerate, became an odious tyrant, and would have traitorously caused to be slain, the two sons of Corbredus remaining in the Isle of Man under discipline. This Tyrant at last was killed in battle, and beheaded by his Nobles the fourth year of his reign, without burial.  
21 CORBREDUS secundus, surnamed Galdus, Corbredus primus son succeeded, an excellent person, endowed with sundry virtues and high prerogatives, in the year of the world 4046. the year of Christ 76. after the beginning of the reign 406. a valiant and courageous King. He renewed many battles against the Romans, and was often victorious: at this time arrived in Forth a company of Almains, named Vs●…pians, banished out of their native land; for killing of a Roman Captain and his band, they were pleasantly received, and ordained certain lands to be inhabited by them, beside the Murrayes, for they were of one blood. Agricola remaining in Britain eight years with his Romans, had sundry victories against the Scots and Picts. Domitian the Emperor, envying Agricola's prosperous estate in Britain, sent hastily letters for him; at whose coming to Rome he was poisoned by command of the said Domitian. GVENUS TABELLIUS was made Governor of Britain, dissension engendered among the Romans for the government. King Corbredus surnamed Galdus (being by his explorators) advertised hereof, came with a new army of Scots and picts against the Romans: and finally their Captain with many Romans were killed. The Scots with the Picts following the whole day; and killing them where they might apprehend them. The King assembling the Scots and picts, parted the rich spoil of their enemies amongst them as they had deserved. Afterward the Scots and picts pursued cruelly in all parts the Romans. The Romans conventing them, elected Chelius to be their Governor, there followed a most dangerous battle, at last the Romans were vanquished and pursued with continual killing unto Calydon wood. The confederate Kings came with their armies into Brigance: the Romans assembled themselves in most fearful ordinance, a company of Britain's (sent by Marius their King, in support of the Romans) came to the confederate Kings. There followed a terrible and bloody battle, the Romans being vanquished and compelled to retire to their Tents with great killing of them, defended their Tents with great manhood, until the night approached. The Scots were vigilant all night, and attending that their enemies should not escape; others were making Engines to break down their Tents, and Trenches. The Romans seeing so great preparation against them, and no way to escape the danger, sent their Orators to the confederate Kings, most humbly entreating peace, on what conditions pleased them. After long consultation, peace was granted. The Romans to pass and render all lands, forts and munitions pertaining to Scots and picts, with all the goods taken violently from them during the wars, and to remain their friends at all times after. After this most valiant King Corbredus Galdus, came to Epiake the principal City then of Scotland. The rest of his days he continued in peace, exercising severe justice: he died peaceably the five and thirtieth year of his reign: buried in Dunstaffage.  
22 LUCTACUS succeeded his father Corbredus Galdus in the year of the world 4080. in the year of Christ 110. after the reign 440. an odious and cruel tyrant, killed by his Nobles the third year of his reign: buried in Dunstaffage.  
23 MOGALDUS Corbredus secundus sisters son, succeeded the year of the world 4083. the year of Christ 113. after the reign 443. a good King and victorious in the beginning of his reign, governing his people with great justice, and obtained a great victory against Lucius and his Romans, by the assistance of the picts in Westmoreland and Camber; obtaining a rich spoil of the Romans, which they parted by law of arms. Afterwards the King did degenerate into a cruel tyrant. In his time Adrian the Emperor came into Britain, and builded the wall of Adrian, dividing the Britain's from the Scots and picts a great wall made of fuel, and earth, and turfs, from the mouth of Tyne, over against the Almain Seas, to the flood of Eske, at the Irish Seas fourscore miles in length: he was killed by his Nobles for his tyranny and odious life the thirty sixth year of his reign: buried at Dunstaffage.  
24 CONARUS succeeded his father Mogaldus the year of the world 4119. the year of Christ 149. after the reign 479. a cruel tyrant, degraded and imprisoned by his Nobles (and Ardgadus Captain of Ardgile, made Governor, a good and severe justiciar) he died in prison the fourteenth year of his reign: buried in Dunsstaffage.  
25 ETHODIUS primus Mogaldus sisters son, succeeded the year of the world 4133. the year of Christ 163. after the reign 493. a good justiciar, who holding sundry battles against the Roman Captains Victorine Trebellius and Pertinax, near the wall of Adrian, & ministering good justice, oppressing rebels, was traitorously killed by an Harper (whom he trusted) the three and thirtieth year of his reign; buried in Dunstaffage. This Harper was most cruelly executed.  
26 SATRAEL Ethodius primus succeeded the year of the world 4165. the year of Christ 195. after the reign 525. a cruel tyrant: he was slain by one of his Courtiers the fourth year of his reign: buried in Dunstaffage.  
27 DONALDUS primus, firstChristian King of Scotland, succeeded his brother Satrael, in the year of the world 4169. in the year of Christ 199. from the beginning of the reign of Scotland 529. a good and religious King (in his time Severus the Emperor came into Britain) after many incursions made by the Scots and picts, in abolishing the wall of Adrian. Antonius' Severus son governed Britain, and builded and repaired the wall of Adrian strongly with Towers Severus dying. Antonius' killing his brother Getus, was Emperor. He was the first that coined money of gold and silver, and embraced the Christian faith: he died in peace the eighteenth year of his reign; buried in Dunstaffage.  
28 ETHODIUS secundus Ethodius 1. son, succeeded in the year of the world 4186. the year of Christ 216. after the reign 546. anunwise and base minded King: the Realm prudently governed by his Nobles, he was killed by his guard the sixteenth year of his reign, buried in Dunstaffage.  
29 ATHIRCO succeeded his father Ethodius, the year of the world 4201. the year of Christ 231. after the reign 561. a good Prince in his beginning; afterwards being degenerate, and pursued by his Nobles, for his vicious life (killed himself) the twelfth year of his reign.  
30 NATHALOCUS succeeded in the year of the world 4212. the year of Christ 242. after the reign 572. a cruel tyrant, killed by his Nobles (usurped the crown) the eleventh year of his reign.  
31 FINDOCUS Athicroes son, succeeded the year of the world 4223. the year of Christ 253. after the reign 583. a good and valiant King: he was killed at a hunting, by instigation of his brother Carance, and Donald Lord of the Isles. The traitors killers of him being tormented to death, and Carance exiled the eleventh year of his reign, buried in Dunstaffage.  
32 DONALDUS secundus, succeeded his brother Findocus the year of the world 4234. the year of Christ 264. after the reign 594. a good King: he was wounded in battle; and being vanquished by the insurrection of Donald of the Isles, three thousand of his army killed, and two thousand with their King taken, the third day with melancholy died, the first year of his reign, buried in Dunstaffage.  
33 DONALDUS tertius Lord of the Isles (usurped the Crown) the year of the world 4235. the year of Christ 265. after the reign 595. a cruel tyrant, killed by Crathalinthus his successor (at which time there was universal persecution of the Christians under the Empire of Decius) the twelfth year of his reign.  
34 CRATHILINTHUS Findocus son, succeeded the year of the world 4247. the year of Christ 277. after the reign 607. a valiant good justiciar, and godly King. He purged the land of superftition, planting the true Christian Religion. In this time chanced in the hunting between Scots and picts discord, so hastily that there were many killed on both parties. Carance brother to Findocus or Carasus 77. Britain King, exiled for suspicion of his slaughter, was long in the Romans wars, with Dioclesian Emperor, and using himself valiantly, returned into Albion with many valiant warriors and great riches, placed his people in Westmoreland, being reconciled with the King, he at length agreed the two long confederate kings & people. Carance assisted by the twoconfederate Kings with a great army in three battles, coming to York, was resisted by Quintus Bassianus, Captain of Britain's, whom he killed, with many valiant Romans. After this battle victoriously won, against the Romans, & the rich spoil, parted according to the law of arms, Carance with his victorious army, passed to London, where he was received with great reverence, and possessed the crown of Britain, contrary to the Empire of the Romans; retaining in his companytwo thousand Scots & Picts continually for a guard, he being assaulted in battle by the Romans and Britain's, was always victorious. The seventh year of his reign in Britain he was killed by Alectus Roman Captain. King Crathalinthus ended the rest of his days in good peace, and died the four and twentieth year of his reign, buried at Dunstaffage.  
35 FINCORMACUS Father, brother son to Crathilinthus, succeeded the year of the world 4271. the year of Christ 301. after the reign 631. a godly valiant King: he was a worthy promoter of Christian Religion in Scotland; at which time Traherus Roman Captain with many legions sent by Constantinus Emperor into Britain, to repress Octavius then King of Britain's, being expelled, was fugitive in Scotland. Traherus assembling a great Army against the King of Scots, and Octavius King of Britain's (whom the foresaid King of Scots refused to render) being solicited friendly, and therefore sharply and proudly menaced by the said Traherus, followed a cruel and dangerous battle; the Romans finally vanquished, and sixteen thousand of the Romans killed, and fifteen thousand Albion's. Fincormacus and Octavius pursued until they came to York, where the two Kings were pleasantly received by the Nobles of Britain. octavius restored to the Crown Fincormacus for his assistance was perpetually confirmed with an oath to him and his successors, the lands of Westmoreland and Cumber (which Carance had granted in his time to the Scots and picts for the assistance of him by King Crathilinthus against the Romans) King Fincormacus continued the rest of his days in peace with the Britain's and picts, and died the seven and fortieth year of his reign, buried in Dunstaffage.  
36 ROMACHUS brother, son to Crathilinthus, succeeded in the year of the world 4318. in the year of Christ 348. after the reign 678. a cruel tyrant, killed and beheaded by his Nobles: the third year of his reign; in whose time Arrius began, and Ireland became Christians.  
37 ANGUSIANUS Crathilinthus brother son, succeeded in the year of the world 4321. in the year of Christ 351. after the reign 681. a good and valiant King; Nectanus King of Picts, to revenge the kill of Romans, gathered an army against the Scots, there followed a sharp battle. The Scots being victorious, and many of the Nobles of the picts killed, and their King fugitive unto Camelon their principal City. After that the picts renewed battle, and came to the wood of Calidone, where the King of Scots with a great army joined battle, with great cruelty, both the Kings were killed, and many of their Nobles, the third year of his reign, buried in Dunstaffage without succession.  
38 FETHEIMACHUS another brother, son to Crathilinthus succeeded in the year of the world 4324. in the year of Christ 354. after the reign 684. He was a good and valiant King, and victorious against the picts, and killed their King in battle: he was traitorously murdered in his own chamber by two distembling picts and an Harper. The third year of his reign, buried in Dunstaffage. The murderers were apprehended and most cruelly tormented. At this time S. Andrew's Church was builded by the King of picts, at the request of Saint Rewell.  
39 EUGENIUS primus Fincormacus son, succeeded in the year of the world 4327. in the year of Christ 357. after the reign 687. a vasiant, just, and good King: he was killed in battle, his brother taken, and all his Nobles killed with fifty thousand of his army by the cruelty of the Romans, Britain's, and deceitful picts, and the whole nation of Scots, exiled a long time, the third year of his reign.  
40 FERGUSIUS secundus, Erthus son to Ethodius Eugenius, the first brother, returning into Scotland by support of Danes, Goths, and his own country men gathered unto him out of all parts (where they were dispersed) conquered his Realm of Scotland, out of the Romans and picts hands, beginning his ragne in the year of the world 4374. in the year of Christ 404. from the beginning of the Realm of Scotland 734. He was a wise, valiant, good and godly King, being confederate with the picts: he was sundry times victorious against the Romans: at the last he was killed in a battle by the Romans the sixteenth year of his reign, buried in Icolukill.  
41 EUGENIUS secundus, Fergusius second son, succeeded his father in the year of the world 4390. in the year of Christ 420. from the beginning of the reign of Scotland 750. He was a valiant and good King; in sundry battles victorious against the Romans and Britain's: at which time Maximian the Roman Governor of Britain made insurrection against the Romans, and cruelly invaded the land then called Armorica, and killed the most part of all the people there, that it should not be a prey to Frenchmen their neighbours; he brought out of Britain a great multitude of people to inhabit the same, some authors write there came a hundred thousand men out of Britain with Conanus, who was made King of that land, and called the same land Bartany, or little Britain, after the Britain's that came to inhabit there. Then after they sent into Britain for women to be their wives: at whose request Ursula (called S. Ursula) with eleven thousand Virgins were embarked to pass Bartany. They all by contrary and tempestuous winds were compelled to arrive in the low Countries, journeying by land to Bartany, were all lamentably murdered and killed, because they would not suffer deflowering of their bodies, but rather offered themselves to be cruelly and unmercifully murdered and killed, after this unhappy and cruel murder, other women and Virgins were sent in great number into Bartany, who inhabit that land continually to this day. Britain being desolate of Roman support, was occasion that the confederate Kings invaded them after so hardly: for the valiant Graham, who was descended of an ancient house of Denmark, and borne of a noble Lady of the same country, married with a Scots noble man, that was exiled out of Scotland with Ethodius (brother to King Eugenius afore rehearsed, killed in battle by Romans and picts. This Graham married a Virgin of the blood royal of Denmark, to whom she bore a daughter of excellent beauty, who was married to Fergusius the second King of Scots: of him descended the ancient surname of graham's: he was a great enemy to the Romans; for he destroyed to the 
The original of the noble surname of the graham's.  ground the wall of Abircorne, called then after graham's Dykes, and past and all utterly abolished the wall of Adrian over against the Irish Seas. The confederate Kings accompanied with valiant Graham, passed with fire and sword through all the bounds between Tyne and Humber: there followed a most dangerous battle, in the which were killed fifteen thousand Britain's, with the most of the Princes and Nobles of Britain, and four thousand Scots, and the whole Romans being exiled out of Britain by the confederate Kings; and peace being concluded between the confederate Kings and the Britain's, all the lands lying beyond Humber shall remain perpetually under the Empire of the confederate Kings, and presently to be paid threescore thousand pound to their men of war, and twenty thousand pound yearly to the confederate Kings: and for observing hereof, the Britain's delivered one hundred pledges, being within age of thirty years, at the will of the confederate Kings. In the seventh year of the reign of Eugenius second King of Scots, Britain was delivered from Roman tribute 496. years after that julius Caesar began the first tribute. Eugenius increased in riches and policy, his Realm with continual peace. In the same time the Britain's falling at great diversity, between the Nobles and Commons there were many of both parties miserably killed, he died in peace the one and thirtieth year of his reign; buried in Icolmkill.  
42 DONGARDUS succeeded his brother Eugenius the year of the world 4421. the year of Christ 451. after the reign 781 a godly, wise, and valiant King, in a dangerous and cruel battle between Constantine, new elected King of Britain's, wherein were killed sixteen thousand Britain's and fourteen thousand Scots and picts; the victory falling to the confederates, the King of Scots valiantly fight, was killed the fifth year of his reign; and buried in Icolmkil, which was the burial for the Kings until King Malonus Camors days.  
43 CONSTANTINUS primus, succeeded to his brother Dongardus the year of the world 4427. in the year of Christ 457. from the beginning of the reign 787 a vicious & odious King killed by one of his nobles, whose daughter he had deflowered the 22. year of his unworthy reign.  
44 CONGALLUS Dongardus son succeeded in the year of the world 4449. the year of Christ 479. after the reign 809. a valiant King, he vanquished the Britons in a cruel and dangerous battle, wherein were killed 20000 Britons with many nobles, with Guytell Prince of Wales, VORTIGERN usurping the Crown of Britain, sent into Almain to fee Warriors against the confederate Kings, at which time came into Britain Hengist and Horsus brethren with 10000 Saxons, immediately the Britons' and Saxons passed 
The coming in of the Saxans in Britain.  with arrayed battle to Humber, before the confederate Kings were admonished of their coming, killing in all parts, without mercy where they came. The King of Picts asse●…bled his army and joined battle (without support of the King of Scots,) where he was vanquished by the Saxons and Britons. The Saxons proud of this victory, and being resolved to conquer the Kingdom of Britain, past further. Against them came King Congalus with a great army, with the Picts there followed a cruel battle, with uncertain victory, at last the Britons (that fought in the right wing, against the Scots) being fugitive, there chanced a mighty shower of hail with great darkness: Hengist by sound of Trumpet gathered his people to his Standard. The Scots and picts (hoping their enemies to be vanquished) followed on the Bir●…taines without array. Hengist the Britons vanquished and the confederate people without order killing and spoiling, he came with his Saxons in arrayed battle, and killed all the confederates that might be overtaken. This battle was right sorrowful to the confederate people, and not pleasant to their enemies, for the most part of the army of Britons were killed, Hengist obtaining new support out of Saxony, the next Summer came with Vortimer King Vortigerus son, with a great army: there followed a cruel and long battle, valiantly debated on all parts, with sundry chances; for many Scots and Britain's being killed Congallus evil wounded, was brought out of the field. Long time then after Ambrose (when he had vanquished Uortigern) and being crowned King of Britain, confederate with the Scots and picts, he assisted by them, and killed with his own hands Hengist, and exiled the rest of the Saxons. King Congallus (holding good pcace with Britain's and picts, vexed with long infirmity) died peace ably the two and twentieth year of his reign, and buried in Icolmkill.  
45 CORANUS succeeded his brother Congallus in the year of the world 4471. the year of Christ 501. after the reign 831. a good King and severe justiciar. In this time arrived in Britain Occa and Passentius, sons of Hengist, with a great multitude of valiant soldiers (assisted by the Princes of Almain, against whom came King Ambrose. There followed a doubtful and dangerous battle; the victory inclining to Ambrose, yet very unpleasant; for at the same time there were many Britaines killed. Nevertheless they parted the spoil of Saxons by right of arms. Occa being advertised of the coming of the confederate Kings to assist Ambrose, sent his brother Passentius to bring greater support out of Almain, by contrary winds he arrived in Ireland, where he gathered a great number of hired warriors, and returned into Britain. Occa persuaded one Coppa a feigned mediciner to poison King Ambrose; the confederate Kings coming with a strong army to assist Ambrose, were advertised of his death: therefore they not knowing who was friend or foe; and being uncertain how he died, they returned home: Arthurus being King of Britain's, assisted by the Scots and picts, obtained sundry victories against the Saxons. The confederate Nobles abode certain days in London. And being richly rewarded by King Arthurus, returned home. The Realm of Scotland was governed in great felicity and justice by King Coranus. Then after certain Traitors (assisted by Donald Captain of Athole) murdered the King in his chamber the four and thirtieth year of his reign, in the sixteenth year of the reign of King Arthurus, and in the twentieth year of justinian Emperor, the year of Christ 535. He was buried at Icolmkil.  
46 EUGENIUS tertius Congallus first son, succeeded in the year of the world 4505. in the year of Christ 535. after the reign 865. a wise godly King, and good justiciar: he continued in good peace all his days, and died the three and twentieth year of his reign, and buried at Icolmkill.  
47. CONGALLUS secundus, succeeded his brother Eugenius the year of the world 4528. the year of Christ 558. after the reign 888. a good, just, and godly Prince: he instituted many good laws concerning Churches and Churchmen: he died in peace the eleventh year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill; in whose time was S. Colme and S. Mungo.  
48 KINNATELLUS succeeded his brother Congallus, the year of the world 4539. the year of Christ 569 after the reign 899. a good and godly King: he died in peace the first year of his reign, and buried at Icolmkill.  
49 AIDANUS Coranus son, succeeded in the year of the world 4540. the year of Christ 570. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 900. He was a valiant and good King, and severe justiciar: he confederated with the Britaines against the Saxons and picts: there followed sundry battles; at last the Britain's and Scots came into Northumberland against the Saxons, and picts; and vanquished them in a dangerous battle; the tenth part of the spoyie obtained in the field was dedicated to the Churches of Scotland, and the Banners or Ensigns gotten at that time, sent to Icolmkill: he died in peace the five and thirtieth year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
50 KENNETHUS primus, Congallus second son, succeeded in the year of the world 4575. the year of Christ 605. after the reign 935. a good and peaceable Prince. He died the first year of his reign, and was buried in Icolmkill.  
51 EUGENIUS quartus Aidanus son, succeeded in the year of the world 4576. the ye●…re of Christ 606. after the reign 936. He was a godly and good justiciar, and instituted many godly and good laws for the Commonwealth of his subjects: he reigned peaceably, and died in peace the fifteenth year of his reign; buried in Icolmkill.  
52 FERCHARDUS primus, succeeded his father Eugenius, the year of the world 4591. the year of Christ 621. after the reign 951. a vicious Tyrant, degraded by his Nobles, and imprisoned: he killed himself in prison the eleventh year of his reign.  
53 DONALDUS quartus succeeded his father Ferchardus the year of the world 4602. the year of Christ 632. after the reign 962. a good and religious King. holding peace, with his neighbours, being at fishing with his servants for pastime, he perished in Lothay the fourteenth year of his reign, his body being found, was buried in Icolmkill.  
54 FERCHARDUS secundus succeeded his brother Donaldus, in the year of the world 4616. in the year of Christ 646. after the reign 976. an avaricious and vicious tyrant, bitten by a Wolf in hunting, whereof ensued a dangerous fever, being penitent of his evil life. He died the eighteenth year of his reign, buried at Icolmkill.  
55 MALDVINUS Donaldus son, succeeded in the year of the world 4634. in the year of Christ 664. after the reign 994. He was a godly and wise King, and a severe justiciar, holding good peace with his neighbours. He was strangled by his wife in the night by suspicion of Adultery the twenty year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill, on the morrow his wife was taken with her Complices, and burned to death.  
56 EUGENIUS quintus, Malduinus brother Son succeeded in the year of the world 4654 in the year of Christ 684 after the reign 1014. he was a valiant and good King, he obtained a great victory against Edfreid King of Northumberland, being killed with 10000 Saxons, and Bredius King of picts fugitive, he died the fourth year of his reign, and buried in Icolmkill.  
57 EUGENIUS sixtus Ferchardus secundus son, succeeded the year of the world 4658 the year of Christ 688 after the reign 1018 a good religious and peaceable King, he died in peace the 9 year of his reign. Buried in Icolmkill.  
58 AMBERKELETHUS succeeded in the year of the world 4667. the year of Christ 697 after the reign 1027 an avaricious evil King, killed by a shot of an Arro●…. The second year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
59 EUGENIUS septimus succeeded his brother Amberkelethus, in the year of the world 4669. in the year of Christ 699. after the reign 1029 A good King, contracting peace with the King of picts than called Garnard, married his daughter Spontana, who being with child, in the next year, was murdered in her bed instead of the King, by two brethren of Athole (who had conspired the King's death.) The murderers at length were apprehended, and cruelly put to death. He continued a religions and virtuous King, he endued sundry Churches liberally, holding good peace with his neighbours, died in peace the 16 year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
60 MORDACUS son to Amberkelethus, succeeded in the year of the world 4685 in the year of Christ 715 after the reign 1045 an humble and liberal Prince, he caused peace to be made in all Britain, amongst the Britons, Saxons, Scots and picts, he repaired many decayed Churches, and builded Quhitthorne. In his time was Saint Beda, he died peaceably the 16. year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
61 ETFINUS Eugenius seventh Son succeeded in the year of the world 4700. in the year of Christ 730. after the reign 1060. a Godly wise King, and severe justiciar, holding his Realm in good peace, his people increasing in riches and religion, he being aged elected four Regent's. The Thaves of Ardgiele, Athole, Galloway and Murray to do justice to his subjects, which was not observed, he died in peace the 31. year of his reign, buried at Icolmkill.  
62 EUGENIUS Octaws Mordacus Son succeeded in the year of the world 4731. in the year of Christ 761. after the reign 1091. a good King & severe justiciar in the beginning, for he executed to death Donald the tyrant, Lord of the Isles, and the Earl of Galloway for assenting to his vices, then after he being degenerate unto all abominable vices, he was killed by his nobles, the third year of his reign, and buried in Icolmkill, his familiars and servants assisting to his vicious life, were all hanged upon Gibbets, to the great contentment of his whole subjects.  
63 FERGUSIUS tertius Etfinus son succeeded in the year of the world 4734. in the year of Christ 764. after the reign 1094. he married Ethtolia daughter to the King of picts, he was a lecherous adulterer, and being admonished continued still in whoredom, at last he was murdered by his wife, and sundry of his familiar servants, who being sharply therefore accused, his wife hearing thereof, came into judgement and relieved those innocent men, confessing the fact, and immediately stabbing herself to the heart with a dagger, died in presence of the whole people. The King was buried in Icolmkill the third year of his reign.  
64 SOLVATHIUS Eugenius eight son, succeeded in the year of the world 4737. in the year of Christ 767. after the reign 1097. a noble valiant King, he married the King of Britain's daughter, she bore to him two sons and one daughter. He being troubled with the Gow●…e governed his people, by his Captains and commanders, severely executing justice, and subduing sundry Rebels, especially Banus Captain of the Isle of tire, who assembled a great company of Rebels and calling himself King. He died peaceably of the Gout, the 20. year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
65 ACHAIUS Etfinus second son began his reign in the year of the world 4757. in the year of Christ 787. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1117. a good Godly and peaceable King, he pacified insurrection both in Scotland, and Ireland, he contracted the band of amity with Charles the great, King of France and Emperor of germany, which band hath continued inviolably 
The beginning of the League with France.  observed unto this present time. He married the foresaid Charles the great his daughter, who bore to him three sons and one daughter. The amity and confederation of Frenchmen and Scots, to be made for ever both for the people present and their successors, and for corroborating of the said band. King Achaius sent his brother GVIILIAM with sundry nobles into France with 4000 valiant warriors to assist the foresaid Charles in his wars, in any part he pleased to pass against the enemies of the Christian faith, at which time the Arms of the Kings of Scotland, were the red Lion Rampant in a field of gold, there was augmented a double treasure with contrary Lilies or flower-deluce including the Lion on all parts: Guilliam, Achaius brother assisting Charles in his wars with his valiant Scots, purchased great honour, and being so beloved and holden in great estimation among the Princes of France, that he was called the Knight without reproach, and purchased great riches and lands, he prospered greatly in all his wars & vanquished sundry nations, rebelling against the Emperor, he obtained great honours, the time that King Charles restored Pope Leo the third to his seat, after that he was put out of Rome by injury of the romans, he conquered great honours, when Charles passing through Tuscany, restored the City of Florence to their ancient honours, after it was destroyed by the Goths, these and many other honourable acts were performed by Scottish Guilliam, howbeit they were done under the name of Charles Emperor, for he remained not long in Italy, but left the charge to Guilliam, who did all things with such providence, that he augmented the dominion of Florence greatly. The Florentine in recompense of Guilliams humanity towards them, ordained solemn plays, to be made in their City, in which a Lion is crowned with sundry ceremonies, they commanded also quick Lions to be yearly nourished upon the common purse, because the Lion was the arms of Scottish Guilliam. This is yet observed in perpetual memory. Guilliam after infinite travails taken with Charles the great, for the defence of Christian faith grew in age, and because he had no succession of his body (for he was all his days given to chivalry) he made Christ his heir, and founded many abbeys in Italy, Almayn, and Germany, liberally distributing unto them rich rents and lands, and ordained that Scottishmen only should be Abbots, to the same Abbeys. In witness hereof are many Abbeys in Almain and Germany nothing changed from the first institution. At coming first of Scottish Guilliam there came two learned Clarks with him from Scotland, holden in great honour by the Emperor for their singular learning, they obtained a place in Paris which was given to them with certain lands, to sustain their estate, and to instruct the noble men's children of France, in sundry sciences. To these men came such confluence of people out of all parts, desiring learning, that in short time by their exact diligence in erudition of young children, the City of Paris was made a solemn University of resolute men in all science. The Emperor Charles having great delectation that learning began to flourish in his realm, by the great industry of those two Scottish men, commanded that Clement should remain as principal regent of Paris: And john his Colleague to pass to Pavy, a town of Lombary for increasing of learning there. This small beginning was the origenall of the famous university of Paris: King Achaius, continuing in good peace, the Roman Empire was divided, for Emperor Charles the first Emperor of Germans was Emperor of the west and Constantive Emperor of the East: Achaius married Fergusiane sister to Hungus King of picts who bore to him one son called Alpine, who after succeeded to be King of Scotland and right inheritor to the King of picts. King Achaius being aged died in peace, the 32. year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
66 CONGALLUS Achaius cousin german, began his reign the year of the world 4789. in the year of Christ 819. after the reign 1149. a good and peaceable King. He died in peace the fifth year of his reign, buried at Icolmkill.  
67 DONGALLUS Saluathius son, began his reign the year of the world 4794. the year of Christ 824. after the reign 1154. a valiant and good King, sending his Ambassadors to the picts after the death of DORSTOLOGUS their King, killed by his brother Eganus, who marrying his brother's wife BRENNA, daughter to the King of Marches; who after murdered the said Eganus in his bed (notwithstanding his armed Guard) to revenge the murder of her first husband. The Scots Ambassadors at command and in the name of ALPINUS King Achaius son, begotten betwixt him and Fergusian, sister to Hungus late King of picts. The two brethren aforesaid being murdered, without succession, the right and title of the Crown of picts, succeeded by the law of God and man to the aforesaid Alpinus. Therefore desiring the picts to accept him as their natural Prince, both of Scotland and Picts land: which they refusing, elected FEREDECH to be their King. The Scots Ambassadors denounced battle to the picts. King DONGALLUS preparing a great army to pass against the picts, perished in a Boat passing over the water of Spey, the seventh year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
68 ALPINUS Achaius son, began his reign the year of the world 4801. the year of Christ 831. after the reign 1161. a valiant and good King, being right heir to the Crown of picts, in a dangerous and cruel battle, killed Feredech their King: then after the picts elected BRUDUS his son King, who was killed the first year by sedition among the picts. His brother KENNETH was made King, who coming with an Army against the Scots, rend off his coat armour, and was fugitive to the mountains, where he was shamefully killed by a Countryman (not known who he was). The picts immediately elected a fierce and valiant Prince BRUDUS, to be their King; who directing Ambassadors to Alpinus, desiring peace, all matters to be redressed, and the old band to be renewed. King Alpinus answered that he would make no peace until the crown of picts were delivered unto him as righteous inheritor. Brudus raised a great army, and came over the bridge of Dunkeld to Angusse. The night afore the battle he caused all the carriage men and women (that came with his army) to stand in arrayed battle with linen shirts above their clothes, with such weapons and armour as they might furnish for the time. This done, he ordained an hundred horsemen, to govern them, without any noise or din in the next wood; commanding none of them to come in sight until the battles were joined.  
King Alpinus was at this time in a Castle, which was situate on a hill, not far from Dundee, and beheld the Army of picts, marching forwards, incontinent he arrayed his Scots, than the battles joined with great slaughter on all parts. Immediately the carriage men and women afore rehearsed, came moving forwards upon the back of the Scots; who believing that a fresh army of picts were to come against them (not looked for) at the last the Scots were fugitive: for this hidden sleight before rehearsed, was the discomfiture of the Scots army. The picts followed with cruel killing of all they might overtake. In this battle was King Alpinus taken and beheaded. The place where he was beheaded, is called Pasalpin, that is, the head of Alpin; his body was buried at Icolmkill, the third year of his reign. After this great victory obtained against the Scots, Bredus King of the picts returned to Camelon, and convocated a Council, making their oaths never to desist from battle, until they had utterly destroyed the Scots, and made a Statute, what ever he was that laboured to have peace with the Scots, he should be beheaded. Some of the wise picts, not allowing their oaths and Statutes, counseled to use victory with measure (who were exiled) and came into Scotland.  
69 KENNETHUS secundus (surnamed the great) succeeded his father Alpine the year of the world 4804. in the year of Christ 834. after the beginning of the Realm of Scotland 1164. a good and valiant King: he married the Lord of the Isles daughter, who bore to him three sons. The picts coming against the Scots, they contended amongst themselves for a thing of nought: thus was their army divided, and many slain (until night severed them) King Brudus could not pacify them; therefore he with the rest of his army past home; and he shortly after died for displeasure. DONSKEN his brother was elected King, and redressed all injuries that he might. Three years continued sundry incursions on both parts. King Kenneth settling his wits to defend his Realm, putting strong soldiers in all forts, adjoining to the borders of the Picts, and commanded his people to be daily exercised in chivalry, to be ready against every trouble that might occur. In the fourth year King Kenneth made a convention of his Nobles, consulting how he might revenge his father's slaughter, and obtain the crown of picts (rightfully appertaining unto him). The season of the year being expedient to raise their army, the Nobles not consenting thereunto for the great slaughter lately made on their King and Nobles; therefore the King conventing all his Nobles, persuading them that he had greater matters to propound. By solemn banquet within his Palace, he royally entertaining them, until dark night: after they were brought to several chambers within the Palace: and when they were in profound sleep, the King caused sundry men to pass to every several bed (where the Nobles did lie) clad with fish skins, having in their hands a Club of Muscane tree, which with the fish skins in the dark did show a marvelous glance and light all at one time; each one holding in the other hands a bugle horn, and speaking through the horn (appearing to be no mortal man's voice) did show they were Angels sent by God to the Princes and Nobles of Scotland, to cause them to obey the desires of the King; for his desire was so just and right, that the picts for repulse thereof shall be brought to such extermination, that no puissance nor wisdom of man can resist: their speeches ended, they obscured their club and skins under their clothes; their light vanishing at one time. The Nobles seeing this uncouth vision, were astonished, and took little rest that night: on the morrow at their convention, each one declaring their visions, (all being at one time) concluded firmly the same to be no fantasy, but an heavenly vision; assuring them of victory and felicity, revealing the same to the King, who assured them that the same vision appeared to him the samehoure (howbeit he would not first reveal it) lest his Nobles should esteem him glorious. By general Statute all able persons were commanded sufficiently prepared to meet the King on an appointed day. In two battles the King being victorious against the picts, to their utter extermination, King Donsken and all his nobles being killed, his sword and coat armour, were sent to Icolmkill in perpetual memory. The City of Camelon after long assault, was utterly destroyed, and the picts, men, wives and children killed, after they had reigned in Albion 1181. years. King Kenneth instituted many good laws, and brought the fatal chair from Ardgiel to Scone, adding the Realm of picts to his Dominion. This victorious King died the twentieth year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
70 DONALDUS quintus, Kennethus brother began his reign in the year of the world 4824. in the year of Christ 854. after the reign 1184. a vicious & odious King; his people made effeminate by his vices and sensual pleasures; his Nobles admonishing him to reform his evil life; he continuing still without reformation. The picts that were fugitive amongst the Englishmen, requesting Osbraed and Ella, two great Princes of England, to move wars against the Scots: these two Princes, with Englishmen, Britain's, and picts, came into the wars, where King Donaldus vanquished them in a great battle at jedbrugh. Donald right insolent after this victory, came to the water of Tweed with his Army; and finding two ships laden with wines and victuals, which were taken and parted amongst his warriors. King Donald was given to such voracity and lust of his womb (the whole Camp using the same) and being full of Taverns, Brothels and whores, followed dicing and carding, with contention and killing one another. King Osbraed being advertised hereof, preparing a new army, came suddenly on the Scots, and killed twenty thousand, being without armour, full of wine and sleep. And King Donald was taken in manner aforesaid, and led through the country in derision to all people. At which time King Osbraed conquered great lands in Scotland, assisted by Britain's; so that Striuiling bridge was made marches to Scots, Britain's, and Englishmen. King Osbred coined money in the Castle of Striuiling (by whom the Striuiling money had first beginning). King Donald being ransomed, returned into Scotland, continuing in his vicious and abominable life. He was taken by his Nobles, and imprisoned; where he desperately killed himself the fifth year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
71 CONSTANTINUS secundus Kennethus son, began his reign in the year of the world 4829. the year of Christ 859. after the reign 1189. a valiant King: he married the Prince of Wales his daughter: she bore to him two sons and one daughter. He instituted sundry good laws for Churchmen, and repressed all vicious vices engendered amongst his subjects by Donald the ●…yrant, his predecessor; in whose time Hunger and Hubba with a great Fleet of Danes landing in Fiffe, used great cruelty; a great number of religious persons being fugitive in the Isle of may, with Adrian their Bishop, were all cruelly tormented and killed by the unmerciful Danes. Constantine came with a great army against Hubba, and vanquished him. The Scots being proud of this victory, and neglecting themselves, there followed a cruel and desperate battle: at last the Scots were vanquished, and King Constantine with his Nobles, and ten thousand of his army, killed in the fifteenth year of his reign; buried in Icolmkill.  
72 ETHUS surnamed the Swift, Constantinus secundus son, began his reign the year of the world 4844. the year of Christ 874. after the reign 1204. a luxurious Prince, taken by his Nobles and imprisoned; where he died the third day of melancholy the second year of his reign and buried in Icolmkill.  
73 GREGORIUS magnus, Dongallus son, began his reign in the year of the world 4846. the year of Christ 876. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1206. He was but two months old when his father perished in the water of Spey, a valiant and greatly renowned Prince in ●…ll parts: he instituted good laws for his subjects; and being very religious, ordained good laws for Churches and Churchmen, and that all Kings his successors at their coronation, should make their oath to defend the Christian Religion. He obtained great victory against Danes and Britain's: and recovering all his lands lost in King donald's time, enlarged his bounds with Northumberland, Cumber and Westmoreland; and being confederate with Alurede King of England, the foresaid lands to remain perpetually to be possessed by the Scots.  
Then after the King to repress Irishmen, that were come into Scotland, who had robbed the people, and made sundry incursions, he followed with a great army; and landing in Ireland, vanquished Brennius and Cornelius, two Princes of Ireland with the whole Nobles of Ireland, and vanqu●…shed sundry towns, and besieged Dublin with a strong siege, where their young Prince Duncane was, to whom the Crown of Ireland appertained: at last the Town was rendered (and the King made Protector during the Prince's minority) with all the forts, and threescore pledges. The King returning with his victorious army, and the pledges of the Nobles of Ireland; and holding good peace the rest of his days, he died in peace the eighteenth year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill: he builded thecitie of Aberdene.  
74 DONALDUS sixtus son to Constantinus secundus, began his reign in the year of the world 4864. in the year of Christ 894. after the reign 1234. a valiant Prince and godly: he punished with great severity the blasphemers of the name of God: he married the King of Britain's daughter; she bore to him one son and a daughter. At this time ROWLAND King of Denmark, gathered or convened a great multitude of Danes out of England, 
Beginning of the normans.  Norway, Swed●…icke, and Denmark; and pastthrough France, committing great cruelty upon the people there. And because CHARLES' the great than Emperor, was implicat with frequent wars in Italy, against the Saracens. The Danes raged with such open cruelty, that great bonds of France appeared to come under their Dominion. Emperor Charles after his return from Italy, came with a great army to resist the Danes, and they (nothing afraid) went forward to meet him in their awful manner. The Princes of France, knowing the great ferocity of the Danes, proved and exercised in all parts where they were assailed; and seeing them by frequent victory so insolent, that but by great slaughter they might not be vanquished, persuaded the Emperor Charles to make peace with the said Rowland, that their Realm should not be in jeopardy or put to extreme danger, through the were both in Italy and France. Peace was corroborate and contracted with the Danes on this manner: The Emperor Charles his daughter shall be given in marriage to Rowland, and he with all the Danes, shall receive the Christian faith, and in the name of Dowry, shall have all the lands which were named Newstria, lying betwixt Deip, Picardy, Paris, and Bartany. These lands were then after Rowland called Normandy. Rowland made King of Normandy by receipt of Baptism, was named Robert, and ordained to pay for the said lands one yearly tribute to the aforesaid Charles and his posterity, to signify that the said lands were not conquered, but only given from the Crown of France in marriage. The year that the Normans began to reign in Normandy, was from the Incarnation of Christ 886. years. The valiant deeds done by the Danes, in sundry parts of the world was in great admiration to all people. Rowland called Robert begat on the Emperor Charles his daughter. WILLIAM who succeeded after his father. To William succeeded RICHARD the first, to him succeeded RICHARD the second, who had two Sons ROBERT and GUSTARD: Robert begat WILLIAM the bastard, Duke of Normandy, who conquered England, and vanquished both Englishmen and Danes, and possessed the crown thereof. And Gustard passed into Italy, and made many and cruel invasions in Cicill Calabre and Naples. In this time the Murrayes and Rosses invading each other with cruel killing 2000 men were killed on either parties, the King came upon them with a great army, and punished the principal movers of this trouble to the death, he died in peace the 11. year of his reign: and buried in Icolmkill.  
75 CONSTANTINUS tertius Ethus son began to reign the year of the world 4874. in the year of Christ 905. after the reign 1245. a valiant prince, not fortunate in Wars, he married the Prince of Wales his daughter: she bore to him one son, being vexed with Wars in the time of King Edward and Athelstane his bastard son, he became a Cannon in Saint Andrew's and died the 40. year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
76. MILCOLUMBUS primus Donaldus son began his reign in the year of the world 4913. in the year of Christ 943. after the reign 1283. a valiant Prince and good justiciar, he married the Lord of Twylths' daughter: she bore to him two sons and one daughter. A confederacy was made between England and Scotland, that Cumber and Westmoreland shallbe perpetually annexed to the Prince of Scotland reigning for the time, to be holden in fee of the Kings of England. By virtue whereof Indulfus son to Constantine the third, (as Prince of Scotland,) took possession both of Cumber and Westmoreland. The King passing the rest of his days in peace & severe justice, which caused a conspiracy in Murrayland, where this noble King was traitorously killed, the 9 year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill. The murderers and their assistants all apprehended, were cruelly tormented and put to death.  
77. INDULFUS Constantinus tertius son, began his reign in the year of the world 4922. in the year of Christ 952. after the reign 1282. a noble valiant Prince. He vanquished in battle Hagon Prince of Norway and Helricke Prince of Denmark, and was killed by a Stratagem of War, the 9 year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
78 DUFFUS Milcolumbus son began his reign the year of the world 4931. the year of Christ 9●…1. after the ragin 1291. a good Prince & severe justiciar. He was traitorously murdered by one Donalde Captain of Forres in Murrayland, and his wife was buried secretly under a bridge at Kinlus. The murderers being apprehended were severely executed and put to death the 5. year of his reign, and buried in Icolmkill.  
79 CULENUS Indulfus son began his reign the year of the world 4936. the year of Christ 966. after the reign 1296. he was married to the King of Britain's daughter, a vicious Prince killed by Rodardus a noble man at Mesfen, whose daughter he had deflowered, the 4. year of his reign, and buried in Icolmkill.  
80 KENNETHUS tertius Duffus brother began his reign in the year of the world 4940. in the year of Christ 970. after the reign 1300. one valiant and wise Prince and severe justiciar, for one time he caused 500 notable thieves to be hanged on gibbets, and inhibited their bodies to be taken down, beside the Castle of Bertha to give example to others. The Danes with a great Fleet of ships arrived in the mouth of Taye, and destroyed the town of Mountrose, killing all the people & demolishing the walls, wasting the whole country coming through Angus, with great cruelty, and laying a strong siege to the Castle of Bertha. The King came with a great army, there followed a dangerous and cruel battle, with uncertain victory, valiantly defended on both parties. At the last one Hay with his two sons, enforcing the Scots that were fugitive, to return, and by their valiant courage renewing battle, the Danes were vanquished and fugitive, the most part of them being slain. The King enriched Hay and his sons, giving them a great part of the spoil of the Danes, with as much land as a Falcon flew over, of one man's hand until she lighted, called the Falcon's stone. So he obtained the whole lands between Tay and Arrole, six miles of length and four of breadth. This was the beginning of the noble and ancient surname of Hayes decorate 
Original of the noble surname of Hayes.  with great honours, riches, and lands, valiant defenders of the realm of Scotland: This noble King, (so long decorate with justice,) the blind and immoderate affection (that he had to his son) was occasion that he killed by poison Malcolm Prince of Scotland, and Lord of Cumber and Westmoreland. He abrogated the old laws concerning the Kings, and instituted. The King being deceased, his eldest son or Nephew notwithstanding what age soever he were of, and though he were borne after his father's death, shall succeed to the crown.  
The Nephew borne on the King's son shallbe preferred before the Nephew gotten on the King's daughter, and the Nephew gotten by the King's brother shallbe preferred before the Nephew gotten on his sister: These laws to be observed amongst all other nobles in succession of their heritage.  
When the King is young, one noble man of great prudence and authority, shallbe chosen governor of the Realm until the King come to age of fourteen years, and then the King to govern his Realm by his own authority.  
All other inheritors shall succeed to their father's heritage after the expiration of one and twenty years, and within that time they shallbe governed by curatours or guardians, and until those years be outrun, they shall not be admitted to claim their heritage: He proclaimed his son Malcolm Prince of Scotland and Lord of Cumber and Westmoreland. Once when the King was lying in his bed, he heard a voice saying, O Kenneth believe not, that the cursed killing of Prince Malcolm is hid from God (O thou unhappy tyrant which for desire of the crown) hast killed an innocent, invading thy neighbour with treasonable murder, which thou wouldst have punished with most rigour, if it had been done by any other person than thyself. Therefore thou hast incurred such hatred of God, that thou and thy son shallbe suddenly killed, for thy nobles are conspired against thee. The King was greatly afraid of this voice, and being very penitent, confessing his offence to a Bishop, who comforting him, he did sundry good works, appertaining to a Christian Prince. At the last King Kenneth coming to the Castle of FETHERCARN was (as appeared) thankfully received by FENELLA Lady thereof, where in the middle of the Castle most curiously wrought was an Image of brass, the similitude of the King, with a golden apple in his hand. The King perceiving the same (suspecting no treason) counseled by the said Lady being alone in the tower, the Castle being appareled with rich Tapestries of gold & silk overlaid or thicked with copper. The King taking the apple with violence out of the hand of the Image, immediately the titups of the Crossbows were thrown up (being made with such engine) one of them shot the King through the body. The Lady was fugitive. There he died the 24. year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
81 CONSTANTINUS quartus surnamed calvus. Culenus son began to reign (usurping the crown) in the year of the world 4964. in the year of Christ 994 after the reign 1324. he was killed in battle at the town of Crawmond in Louthaine, the second year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
82 GRIMUS Duffus son began his reign in the year of the world 4966. in the year of Christ 996. after the reign 1326. (a vicious usurper of the crown) killed in battle by Malcolm his successor the eight year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
83 MILCOLUMBUS secundus Kennethus third son began his reign the year of the world 4974. in the year of Christ 1004. after the reign 1334. a valiant and wise King, he was often victorious against the Danes. In his time began the ancient noble name of KEITH, whose house is decorated with great honours, being Marshal 
Original of the noble surnames of Keith.  of Scotland. The King repaired and enlarged the Cit●…y of Aberdene then called Murthlacke, he was killed by conspiracy of some of his nobles in the Castle of Glammess. The 30. year of his reign he married the Duke of normandy's daughter, who bore to him three sons and two daughters, buried in Icolmkill. The murderers fugitive in the night, chanced into the Loch or Poole of Forfarr, being frozen over, covered with snow, were all drowned therein, by the righteous judgement of God.  
84 DUNCANUS primus Malcolm second daughter Beatrix her son, began to reign in the year of the world 5004. in the year of Christ 1034. after the reign 1364. a good and modest Prince. In his time was THANE or Earl of Lochquhaber Banquho. Of whom are descended the ancient and royal name of STEWARTS. He 
Original of the royal and ancient name of Stewarts.  was traitorously killed by Makbeth the 6. year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
85 MACBETHUS (Dowoda Malcolm second daughters son) began to reign in the year of the world 5010. in the year of Christ 1040. after the reign 1370. in the beginning he was a valiant Prince, and severe justiciar instituting many good laws, at last by illusion of Witches and Sorcerers, he became a cruel tyrant and oppressor, at last killed in a battle, vanquished by his successor King Malcolm Cammore, and killed by Makduff Thane or Earl of Fiffe the 17. year of his reign, buried in Icolmkill.  
86 M●…LCOLVMBVS surnamed Cammore, Duncane the first his son began to reign in the year of the world 5027 in the year of Christ 1057. after the reign of Scotland 1387. he was a religious and valiant King, he rewarded his nobles with lands and offices, and commanded that the lands and offices should be called after their names, he created many Earls, Lords, Barons, and Knights. They 
First Earles.  that were called Thanes as Fiff, Menteith, Athole, Lenex, Murray, Caythnes, Ros, Angusse, were made Earls: many new surnames came in at this time as Calder, Lokart, Gordoun, Seytonne, Lawder, Wavane, Meldrome, Schaw, 
Original of Surnames, the time of the conquest.  Liermond Liberton Struchquhan, cargil, Rettray Dondas, Cock●…urne, Mirtoun, Me●…es, Abercrummy, Listye, names of offices Steward, Du●…ard, Bannerman. At this time William Duke of Normandy conquered England holding battle with King Harold, and killed him in the year of Christ 1066. Edgar within age rightful heir of England, seeing the crown conquered, was desperate to succeed any way to the government. To eschew all apparent d●…unger he took shipping with purpose to return with his mother and sisters into Vngerland, by contrary winds he arrived in Forth in a part called the Queen's Ferrey. King Malcolm was at that time in Dunfermling, he came and tenderly received the said Edgar with his mother and sisters, and married Margaret elder sister to the said Edgar, William the conqueror hearing of his marriage, exiled all the friends of the said Edgar, wherefore they came into Scotland, many people to King Malcolm whom he received and gave them lands as their surnames, Maxwell●…nd ●…nd sundry surnames, came out of Vngerland to Queen Margaret as Creitchton Fotheringham, Giffard Melwill, Borthuike out of Fra●…nce came into Scotland Fraiseir, Scincler, Boswell, Moutray, Montgomery, Cambell▪ Boys, Beton, Taylifer and Bothwell. In King Malcolmes time was the Recrosse erected, with the King of England's Image on the one side, and the King of Sotlands' on the other, this stone cross (was march between the two Realms, standing in the middle of Stan-moore; Queen Margaret foresaid daughter to Edward, surnamed the Outlaw, son to Edward Ironside, King of England, a very religious Queen, after called S. Margaret, who bear unto King Malcolm six sons; Edward the Prince, Edmund, Etheldred, Edgar, Alexander and David, and two daughters, Matilda or Mawde; surnamed Bona, wife to Henry the fourth, surnamed Beauclerke, King of England, of whose virtues are extant an Epigram. 
Prosperit ie rejoiced her not, to her grief was no pain,  
Prosperity afraid her als, affliction was her gain,  
Her beauty was no cause of fall, in Royal state nor pride,  
Humbly alone in dignity, in beauty only good.  She founded the Church of Carliel. The other daughter was married to Eustatius Earl of Bolloigne: King Malcolm builded the Church of Durham and Dunfermling. He was killed at the siege of Anwike, by one Robert Mowbray, who unarmed upon a light horse, came out of the Castle of Anwike, with a Lance in his hand, the keys of the Castle upon the point of the Lance, King Malcolm looking earnestly thereunto, the aforesaid Robert Mowbray ran the King through the left eye, and ran hastily into the next wood. King William changed the name of this valiant Knight, call him Percy, of whom are descended the Earls of Northumberland. King Malcolm 
Original of the Perceyes.  died the six and thirtieth year of his reign, and his son Prince Edward, both buried in Dunfermling.  
87 DONALDUS septimus, Malcolm Cammore his brother (usurped the Crown) surnamed Bane, began to reign in the year of the world 5063. in the year of Christ 1093. after the reign 1423. He was expelled by Duncane, bastard to Malcolm, the first year of his reign.  
88 DUNCANUS secundas bastard aforesaid (usurped the Crown) killed by Makpender Thane of Mernis, by procurement of Donald the seventh, who after was crowned. He gave the North and West Isles to the King of Norway, to have his assistance to recover the crown: he was taken captive by his Nobles, and his eyes put out: he died miserably in prison the third year of his second reign, buried in Dunfermling.  
89 EDGARUS Malcolm Cammors' son, began to reign in the year of the world 5068. in the year of Christ 1098. after the reign 1428. a good and religious King, the first anointed King: he builded the Priory of Coldingham, and died peaceably the ninth year of his reign, buried at Dunfermling without succession.  
90 ALEXANDER the first, surnamed Fierce, succeeded his brother the year of the world 5077. in the year of Christ 1107. after the reign 1437. a good and valiant King: he builded the Abbeys of Scone and Saintcolms Inch; he married Sibilla, daughter to William Duke of Normandy, the seventeenth year of his reign, he died in peace, buried in Dunfermling.  
91 DAVID. primus, King malcolm's third youngest son, began his reign the year of the world 5094. the year of Christ 1124. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1454. a good, valiant, and very religious King: he builded many Abbeys, as Holy-rood-house, Kelso, jedborugh, Melrose, Newbottell, Holmcultrane, Dundranane, Cambuskenneth, Kinlosse, Dunfermling, Holme in Cumber, two Nunneries, one at Carliel, the other at north Berwick; he founded two Abbeys, besides new Castle, the one of S. benedict's order, the other of white Monks: he founded 4. Bishoprics, Ros, Breichin, Dunkeld & Dunblane; ordaining them great lands, rents and possessions, all out of the patrimony of the crown. King David of Scotland in his time possessed Northumberland, Cumber, Huntingdon and Westmoreland; he married the inheritrix of the aforesaid lands called Mawde, daughter to the Earl of Northumberland, and juditha daughters daughterto William the Conqueror King of England. In the time of King Stephen of England he repaired the town of Carliel with new walls: his son Prince Henry died with great lamentation of the whole Realm, having three sons and three daughters. King David caused Malcolm, (eldest son unto Prince Henry late deceased) to be declared Prince of Scotland. After that he passed into Northumberland, and made William his second Nephew Earl thereof; after he went to Carliel, where he made Henry (the Empress her son Prince of England) Knight, taking his oath he should never take Northumberland, Cumber, Westmoreland and Huntingdon from the Empire of Scotland: afterwards this victorious and religious King David died in peace, being greatly honoured and beloved of his subjects and neighbours, the nine and twentieth year of his reign: he died in Carliel, and buried in Dunfermling.  
MILCOLUMBUS quartus (surnamed the Maiden) nephew to King David, began his reign in the year of the world 5123. in the year of Christ 1153. after the reign 1483. a good and mild Prince: he builded Cowper Abbey in Anguisse, and subdued sundry rebellions, died at jedbourgh, buried at Dunfermling the twelfth year of his reign.  
93 GVILIELMUS (surnamed the Lion) succeeded his brother Malcolm, in the year of the world 5135 in the year of Christ 1165. after the reign 1495. (a good & valiant King unfortunate) he married Emigerda, daughter to the Earl of Bewmont, who bear to him two sons and two daughters: he builded the Abbey of Abirbrothoke, she builded the Abbey of Bamerinoch, after that the Castle of Bertha was demolished by inundation of waters (King Guilliam narrowly escaping with his wife and children) his young son and nurse perished, and sundry others: he founded and builded the town called Perth, and granted sundry great privileges thereunto, now called S. john's town. The King continuing in peace died the nine and fortieth year of his reign, buried in Abirbrothoke.  
94 ALEXANDER 2. succeeded his father in the year of the world 5184. in the year of Christ 1214. after the reign 1544. a valiant and good King, and severe justiciar: he pacified all rebellion in his Realm; he agreed with King Henry of England, and married his sister, retaining Northumberland, Westmoreland, Cumber and Huntingdon, and King Alexander's two sisters were married unto two great Princes of England. He passed into France, and renewed the ancient band: in the mean time jane his Queen died without any succession. The next year he married at Roxbourgh Mary daughter to Ingelram, Earl of Coucey in France, of great beauty, who bore to him a son, Alexander who succeeded after him: he died in peace the five and thirtieth year of his reign, buried in Melrosse.  
95 ALEXANDER tertius, succeeded his father in the year of the world 5219. in the year of Christ 1249. after the reign 1579. a good young Prince, being at his coronation nine years of age. After that the Kings of England and Scotland, with their Nobles convened in York, where king Henry the third of England's daughter Margaret, was married to King Alexander of Scotland. Enduring his tender age the Realm of Scotland was well governed by his Nobles; be coming to perfect age, willing to execute justice, summoned the Earls of Mentieth, Athole and Buchquhane, and the Lord of Strabogy, which were all of the name of Comminges, and for non comperance denounced them rebels. They with their assistance being a great number, because there was of the same name (by the aforesaid Lords) thirty Knights and landed men. They imprisoned the King in Striueling a certain space. King Acho of Norway came into the Isles with many Danes. King Alexander to resist him came with a great army; there followed a cruel and dangerous battle, long with uncertain victory, at last the Danes being vanquished, and four and twenty thousand of them killed, Acho was fugitive to his Ships: his whole Navy by tempestuous storm being spoiled (returned with four Ships left of his whole Fleet into Norway). Then after his son Magnus renouncing all title to the Isles, contracted his son Hanigo (to be married with King Alexander's daughter one year of age) at their both perfect age. At this time Alexander Earl of Carrike passed to the holy land, having a daughter Martha, who succeeding in his heritage, who married a Nobleman Robert Bruce, son & heir to Robert Bruce Lord of Anandale in Scotland, and Lord of Cleveland in England. This Martha aforesaid inheritrix of Carike, in the third year bear the Noble and invincible Champion, Robert Bruce King of Scotland: Margaret sister to King Henry the third of England, bear to King Alexander two sons, Prince Alexander and David, one daughter Margaret, married unto Hanigo Magnus' son, King of Norway, who bear to him Margaret called the Maiden of Norway. In this time died David King Alexander's second son. Alexander the Prince was married at Roxburge, unto the Earl of Flanders daughter, whereat many of the Nobles of Scotland and England were present for the time. The third year after Prince Alexander died at Lundors the twentieth year of his age, to the great lamentation of the whole Realm; for in him failed the whole succession of King Alexander the third (except the Maiden of Norway) who was begotten on his daughter Margaret before rehearsed. King Alexander by counsel of his Nobles (after the death of his first Queen) married joleta the Earl of Drux daughter in France, by whom he had no succession. He builded the Cross Church of Peblis. He died of a fall off his horse, over the west craig at Kingorne, the seven and thirtieth year of his reign, buried in Dunfermling. The day before the King's death, the Earl of March demanded of one Thomas Rymour, what wether should be the morrow? Thomas answered, that on the morrow before noon there shall blow the greatest wind that ever was heard in Scotland: on the morrow being almost noon (the air appearing calm) the Earl sent for the said Thomas, and reproving him, said, There was no appearance. Thomas answering, yet noon is not past, immediately cometh a Post, and showeth that the King was fallen and killed. Then Thomas said to the Earl, that is the wind that shall blow, to the great calamity of all Scotland. After the death of King Alexander the third, the Realm was governed by six Regent's; for the South side of Forth, Robert Archbishop of Glasgive, john Coming, and john the great Steward of Scotland. For the North side of Forth William Frester Archbishop of Saint Andrew's. Makduffe Earl of Fif●…e, john Coming Earl of Buchquha●…e: they governed the space of seven years. During which time Edward the first King of England sent his Ambassadors into Scotland, for marriage of the Maiden of Norway aforesaid. The Nobles of S●…land being agreed in all points, with the said King Edward (surnamed Longshanks) the Ambassadors of Scotland directed to bring the maiden of Norway, the right inheritrix of Scotland with them: before their arriving she was departed this present life, by means whereof great contention arose between Robert Bruse and john Balliol, the deciding of the said matter was by the Nobles of Scotland (unwisely) referred to King Edward.  
96 JOHANNES BALLIOLUS was preferred before Robert Bruse, by King Edward, surnamed Longshanke, who being elected judge in the foresaid controversy, admitting him King, with condition that the said Balliol should acknowledge him for his superior: which condition (refused by Rob●…rt Bruise) he as an avaricious unworthy man received, began to reign in the year of the world 5263. in the year of Christ 1293. after the reign 1923. a vain glorious man, little respecting the good of his country, in the fourth year he was expelled by the aforesaid King Edward into France, where he died long after in exile, Scotland being without King or governor the space of nine years: during which time King Edward cruelly oppressed the land, destroyed the whole ancient monuments, and shed much innocent blood. About this time William Wallace, son to Sir Andrew Wallace of Craggy Knight, of huge stature and marvelous strength of body, with good knowledge and skill in Warlike enterprises; hereunto such hardiness of stomach, in attempting all manner of dangerous exploits, that his match was not any where lightly to be found: he bore inward hate against the English Nation, when the fame of his worthy acts were notified, many Nobles and Commons were ready to assist him: therefore he was chosen Governor under the Balliol, to deliver the Realm from bondage of England. At this time many Abbeys and spiritual Benefices were in Englishmen hand, which he by commission of the Archbishop of S. Andrew, avoided and put forth of all parts, and receiving the whole army that was under the conduct of john cunning Earl of Bucquhan; he conquered many Castles, Forts and strengths out of English men's hands, King Edward being in France, hearing hereof, sent his Lieutenant Hugh Crassingham with a great army into Scotland, where William Wallace encountering him at Striueling bridge, killed the said Crassingham, with the most part of his army, many being drowned, and few escaping away with life: great dearth being in Scotland, he gathered a mighty army, and past into Northumberland, wasting and spoiling the country to Newcastle; for he with his army remained in England, almost the whole Winter from the feast of All Saints, until Candlemas, living upon the spoil of Englishmen goods. King Edward being in France, hearing the deeds of Wallace, sent his Ambassador, so●…e menacing him that had invaded his Realm, which he durst not have done, if he had been at home. Wallace answered, that he had taken the advantage, as he had done in the wrongful Conquest of Scotland (he being chosen by the Nobles as indifferent judge, and further sent word unto King Edward, that (if God fortunate him to live) he purposed to hold his Easter in England: and coming with an army of thirty thousand valiant men into England at the appointed time, King Edward was ready with an army of threescore thousand upon stains Moor to give them battle. Being ready to join, the Englishmen drew back, having at that time no lust to fight, as appeared: the Scots seeing them draw back would have followed, but Wallace fearing deceit, stayed them and returned (with infinite spoil and booties gotten in that journey) into Scotland. King Edward being advertised that Wallace was greatly envied by the Cuning, & Robert la Bruse, raised a great army, and came to Falkirke, and Wallace not knowing of any deceit, raised a great army to resist being in sight of Englishmen, there began a great contention for the leading of the Vanguard, and by their own misgovernance, many Noblemen were killed, Robert Bruse was against the Scottishmen that day. Shortly then after Wallace came, and renounced in Perth the Government, and also refused great and large offers of King Edward, to be his subject, and true man: john cunning and Simon Froser being admitted Governors, King Edward sent a great army to Perth, subduing the country. The aforesaid Governors raised an army of eight thousand valiant men. King Edward sent with Ralph Comfray thirty thousand men, dividing them in three armies, to pass in three sundry parts through the country and to meet at Rosling. The governors aforesaid, encountering with the first ten thousand defeated them, and so at three sundry times in one day the Scots obtained the victory: King Edward impatient hereof, gathered a mighty army of sundry nations, and subdued with great cruelty the most part of the Scottish nation. About this time was Willam Wallace traitorously betrayed by Sir john Menteith at Glascoe, and delivered King to Edward, and being brought to London, was cruelly executed in Smithfield.  
King Edward accusing Robert Bruse of a contract made betwixt him and john coming, and he straightly denying the same was advertised by the Earl of Gloucester, of the king's displeasure, causing a Smith to show his horses backward in the Winter, the ground being covered with snow he came into Scotland, howbeit he was sharply pursued, and mee●…ng with his brother and some friends, and being advertised that the coming was in the Friars at Dumfreis. After hard commoning, he suddenly killed him, wherethrough he purchased many enemies, both English men and Scottish men, and was hardly pursued (especially by the Cumyngs being then very potent and rich, and a great number of them.  
97 ROBERTUS BRVSS●…VS (son to Isabella King William's brother's daughter) began his reign in the year of the world 5276. in the year of Christ 1306 after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1636. a valiant king, good and wise (in his beginning subject to great affliction and persecution. At last being assisted by james Douglas) cozen to William Lamberton Archbishop of Saint Andrew's) took all his gold and horses, with sundry young valia●…t men of his opinion, who remained with the said King Robert, both in wars and peace to the end of his life. Of this james Douglas descended the valiant and illuster surname of Douglas the sure target, and defence of Scotland, as in old verse showeth. 
Original of the ancient, noble, and vali●…nt sùrname of Douglas.  
So many good as of the Douglas hath been,  
Of one surname was never in Scotland seen.   
King Robert having vanquished king Edward the second of Carnaruen being of sundry Nations to horse and foot three hundredth thousand warriors, and King Robert not above thirty thousand old, well exercised valiant men at the battle of Bannockburne, delivered Scotland free from all servitude of England: All Englishmen being expelled out of the land. He married first Isabel daughter to the Earl of Marre, who bore to him Margery, married to Walter the great Steward of Scotland, after her death he married the daughter of Haymerus de Burck Earl of Haltovia or Hulster in Ireland, who bore to him David the Prince, Margaret Countess of Sudderland, and Mawde that died young. john Balliol transferred his right of the Crown of Scotland unto King Robert and his heirs. In this time Hanton an Englishman) for the kill of one Spencer came into Scotland, and was courteously received by King Robert, and rewarded him with the lands of Cadyowe, whose posterity is spread in great number, now called Hamiltons endowed with great honour and riches. King Robert died at Cardrose the 24. year of his reign, buried in Dumfermling.  
After this time Sir james Douglas (as most worthy champion) was chosen by the Nobles to pass with king Robert's heart to jerusalem, and there to cause to bury the same within the temple beside the Sepulchre of our Lord, conform to the said king's direction, because he had avouched or vowed, till he had passed with a great army in defence of the Christian faith against the Turks and Saracens (if he had not been hindered or stayed by wars at home) and now prevented by death.  
Sir james Douglas willingly obeyed, as he that most faithfully had served King Robert in his life time, and enclosing the heart in a case of gold, embalmed with sweet spices, and precious ointments, accompanied with Sir William Sinclair, and Sir Robert Logane, with many other noble and valiant men, past and buried the said heart with great reverence and solemnity at the place appointed. Therefore the Dowglas buries the bloody heart in their arms or Coat.  
There after Sir james Douglas with his noble and valiant men accompanied with other Christian Princes then present: Many times obtained great victory against the Turks and Saracens. So that by his often victories he purchased great honours of the Christian name. Purposing to return home, by tempestuous winds, was compelled to land in Spain upon the borders of Granad, where he assisting the King of Arragon in his wars against the Saracens, obtaining great victories. At last (being negligent of himself) was enclosed with one ambushment purposely lead for him by the Saracens, he and his most valiantly defending were vanquished and killed with all his Nobles and valiant men.  
Thus ended the Noble and valiant Douglas, one of the most worthy and renowned knights that was in his days. It is chronicled that he was victorious against the Turks and Saracens, thirteen times, and against others his enemies in battle fifty seven times in memory of the Douglas, in our time there was a port or gate in Danskin called the Dowglas port. Now re-edified sumptuously (called the Hochindure) the high port, also there are sundry Earls in the Eastern parts of that name, and specially one was called Grave or Earl Scotus, a great Nicromancer, his title was jeronimus Scotus, Grave or Earl of Douglas, his brethren dwell in Italy.  
98 DAVID BRUSSIUS succeeded his father the year of the world 5300. in the year of Christ 1330. after the reign 1660. a good Prince subject to much affliction in his youth, being first after the death of Earl Thomas Ranulph his Regent, forced for his preservation to pass into France, and returning home at the battle of Durham, was taken and detained prisoner in England twelve years, after he was at liberty, he married the foresaid jane, daughter to Edward the second, king of England, after her death he married Margaret Logy daughter to Sir john Logy Knight, and died at Edenbourgh without succession, the fortieth year of his Reign, buried in Hollyrood house.  
99 EDWARDUS BALLIOLUS, son to john Balliol, assisted by King Edward the third, usurped the Crown the year of the world 5302. in the year of Christ 1332. after the reign 1662. he was expelled by King David's Regent's, and King David established.  
100 ROBERTUS STVARTUS, the first King of the Stewarts, son to Walter the great Steward, and Margery Bruce, king Robert Bruce his daughter, succeeded his mother's brother in the year of the world, 5●…41. in the year of Christ 1371. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1701. a good, valiant, and victorious king, he married Eufame, daughter to Hugh Earl of R●…sse, who bore to him, David Earl of Straitherne. Waler Earl of Athole, and Alexander Earl of Buchq●…ham, Lord Badyenoch, after her death for the affection he bore to his children begotten before his marriage, he married Elizabeth Mure, daughter to Sir Adam Mure Knight; who had borne to him john, after called Robert the third, Earl of Carricke, and Robert Earl of Fiffe, and Menteth and Eufame, wife to james Earl of Douglas, he died at Dundonald, and buried at Scone the nineteenth year of his reign.  
101 ROBERTUS tertius (surnamed john Fernyar) succ●…eded his father, in the year of the world 5360. in the year of Christ 1390. after the reign 1720. He was a modest and peaceable Prince: he married Annabill Drummond, daughter to the Knight of Stobhall, who bore to him David the Prince, Duke of Rothsay, who died in prison in Falkland, by procurement of Robert Duke of Albany (who aspired to the Crown) and james his second son, taken prisoner in his journey into France, and detained by Englishmen the space of eighteen years. King Robert died of displeasure (when he heard his one son deceased in Falkland, and the other son taken prisoner the sixteenth year of his reign, buried in Paslay.  
Robert Duke of Albany, Earl of Fiffe and Mentieth, governed Scotland the year of the world 5376. in the year of Christ 1406. after the reign 1736. james the first being captive in England, a noble and valiant Prince: he died the fourteenth year of his government, Duke Murdo Earl of Fiffe and Mentieth, was made Governor four years, james the first returning home from captivity, caused the said Murdo and his son to be executed for oppression of his subjects.  
102 JACOBUS primus began his reign the year of the world 5394. in the year of Christ 1424. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1754. a godly, wise, learned and virtuous Prince, and a severe justiciar; he married jane daughter to the Duke of Somerset, marquess Dorset, son to john of Gaunt, third son to Edward the third, the victorious King of England; who did bear to him two sons twins, Alexander who died shortly, and james the second, who succeeded his father, and six daughters; Margaret wife to Lewes the eleventh Dolphin, then after King of France, Elizabeth Duchess of Britain, jane Countess of Huntley, Elinor Duchess of Austria, Mary wife to the Lord Camphier, and Annabella: he was killed at Perth traitorously, by Walter Earl of Athole. Robert Grahame and their complices, who were all apprehended and cruelly tormented to death the thirteenth year of his reign, after his deliverance out of England, and the one and thirtieth year after the death of his father, buried in the Charterhouse of Perth, which he founded.  
103 JACOBUS secundus succeeded his father in the year of the world 5407. in the year of Christ 1437. after the reign 1767. (a Prince subject to great troubles in his youth) he married Margaret daughter to Arnold Duke of Gilder, sister's daughter to Charles, surnamed Audax, the last Duke of Burgundy, who bore to him james 3. Alexander Duke of Albany; he married the Earl of Orkneyes daughter, and begat on her Alexander Bishop of Murray: he parting with her, married in France the Countess of Boloine, and begat on her john Stewart Duke of Albany, who was many years governor of Scotland. The third son john was Earl of Marre, died in the Canon-gate without succession: the first daughter married one Thomas Boyd Earl of Arran, after his death married the Lord Hamilton; and by that way the house of Hamilton is decorated by the King's blood. This King was killed at the siege of Roxebourgh the four and twentieth year of his reign, buried at Holy-rood-house.  
104 JACOBUS tertius succeeded his father in the year of the world 5430. in the year of Christ 1460. after the reign 1790. a good Prince (corrupted with wicked Courtiers) he married Margaret, daughter to the king of Denmark (surnamed Dives) and king of Norway, who in his favour renounced all title that he had any manner of way to Orkney, Schetland and the Isles for ever, who bore to him james the fourth, Alexander Bishop of S. Andrew's and Duke of Albany, and john Earl of Marre. They died both without succession; he made peace with King Henry of England, who (like a liberal Prince) for the favour he had received in Scotland, restored the town of Berwicke to the King. Thomas Cochrane and William Rogers (his perverse Courtiers) were hanged at the bridge of Lawder. The King was killed at Bannockburne the nine and twentieth year of his reign, buried at Cambuskenneth.  
105 JACOBUS quartus succeeded his father in the year of the world 5459. in the year of Christ 1489. after the reign 1819. a noble and courageous Prince, both wise and godly: he made peace with England, and married Margaret, eldest daughter to Henry the seventh King of England, & Elizabeth, daughter to Edward the fourth, in whose persons the cruel wars between the houses of Lancaster and York were pacified, the foresaid Margaret bore to him james the fifth: he was killed at Flowdon in battle the five and twentieth year of his reign, buried at Holy-rood-house.  
106 JACOBUS quintus succeeded his father in the year of the world 5484. in the year of Christ 1514. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1844. a wise valiant Prince, and severe justiciar: he married Magdalen daughter to the King of France, who died shortly after; he married Mary of Lorraine, Duchess of Longevile, daughter to claud Duke of Guise, who bore to him two sons and one daughter Marie: he died of displeasure at Falkland, the nine and twentieth year of his reign, buried at Holy-rood-house.  
107 MARIA succeeded her father in the year of the world 5513. in the year of Christ 1543. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1873. (a Princess virtuously inclined) she married Francis Dolphin, after King of France; after whose death she returned into Scotland, and married Henry Stewart Duke of Albany, etc. Lord Darley, a comely Prince, son to Matthew Earl of Lennox (pronepnoy to Henry the seventh King of England) to whom she bore Charles: james the sixth now our most gracious sovereign king, afterwards coming into England, was received with greathumanity, and after she was captive, at length put to death the eighth of February. 1586.  
108 CAROLUS JACOBUS sixtus, succeeded to his mother in the year of the world 5537. in the year of Christ 1567. after the beginning of the reign of Scotland 1897. a godly learned Prince, endued with singular knowledge, and a sincere professor of the Gospel: he married Anna daughter to Frederick the second, King of Denmark and Norway; and Sophia only daughter to Ulricus Duke of Meckleburgh, our most gracious Queen, who hath borne the royal and hopeful Prince, Henry Frederikc Prince of Wales, Duke of Rothsay and Cornwall, Earl Palatin of Chester, great Steward of Scotland, and Earl of Carect, the nineteenth of February, 1593. in the Castle of Striueling; Elizabeth the nineteenth of August 1596. Charles Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Rosse, the nineteenth of November 1600. His Majesty is now King of great Britain, France and Ireland, defender of the faith. The Lord of his great mercy, for Christ his sake, increase all royal virtues in his Highness, that he may remain a comfort unto Christ's Church, within his majesties Dominions.   

To the Author.  

THe Roman Tully, Rose of all that race,  
Of facund Mercurs; boldly unaffrayde  
In Milos fence, to Clodius deface  
This sacred sentence in the Senate said:  
Nought only for ourselves we're borne to toil,  
But for our friends, and for our native soil.   

Thou wisely weighed hes these words I find,  
Thou cares to clear thy country from obscure,  
To please thy friends, thou framest thy wit and mind,  
And by thy light thy country's light is pure:  
She brought thee forth to light, thou takes like pain,  
Who made thee see, to make her shine again.   
W. T.   

A TRUE DESCRIPTION AND DIVISION OF THE WHOLE REALM OF SCOTLAND, of the situation, distance, and commodity in every part thereof, and of the principal Cities, Towns, Abbeys, Palaces, Forts, Castles, Towers, and Rivers.  
SCOTLAND is divided from England by certain Marches, from the East Sea, called the Scottish Sea, to the West Seas, called the Ireland Sea, from the mouth of Tweed, up the same river, till it come betwixt work and Hadden, where the March leaves the river, and passing south-west by dearne ways, known only to the inhabitants of that country, till it come to Redden-Burne, or Water; and so up the said Burn, while it come to the height of the Fellis of Cheuiot, and so west by the tops of the Fellis, till a March ditch (called the Meir ditch) and so endlong in the Meir ditch, till it fall in the river of Carshope, and down Carshope while it fall in Liddail, and down Liddail while Eske and Liddail meet, and taking Aiffe at the north side of Eske, goeth endlong a ditch, while it come to the river of Sarke, and so down Sarke while it fall in Sulwait, where the waters of Annan, and Nith, running severally in Sulway, all in one channel in the Irish Sea: maketh plenty of fishes: also by ●…owing and ebbing of furious tides, made through many lands ends, and partly by inundation of the said waters, there is very dangerous quick sands, called Sulway sands, that no man may pass safely over them without peril (except they have one accustomed guide) because of sinking holes that are frequent in them, being every tide overflowed with the Sea. The travelers take their journey through them at a low or ebb water: if any man or horse fall in, his fellow travelers casting their cloaks or other clothes about that part where he sinks in, and so running often about, the sand swells up in a height, and so vomits out that which is fallen in the sinking hole. Upon the banks of Sulway in june and july, the country people gather up the sand within the flood-marke, bringing it to land, and laying it in great heaps. There after taking the salt spring water, and casting it upon the sand (with a certain device) causing the water to run through the sand to a hollow pit, purposely made to receive the water: which water being boiled in a little vessel of lead, there is made thereof good white salt, and sometimes grey salt, after the temperance of the weather. This part is called the salt ●…oats.  
The reason of the variation of the foresaid Marches was, upon divers debates and controversies, arising betwixt the borderers of both the Realms; which being referred to the arbitr●…ment of sundry Commissioners, of both the Nations, were set down according to the power of the parties. Thus the Marches being set forth particularly, beginning at the Mers, wherein at the mouth of Tweed stands the ancient and martial town of Berwick, and strong Castle, well walled and strengthened: the chief town of the Mers, the Scottish Sea on the East. Next is the town of Haymouth, with the Castles of Aytowne, Hutonhall, Mander●…own, Cockburne, Easter and Wester Nisbets, with Wedderlie, the town and Abbey of Coldingham by the Sea. south-west from Berwick lies the town of Duns, the town of Langton with the Castle, the Abbeys of Coldstreame and Ecklis demolished, the Castles of Craighame, the Earl of Homes principal Residence, and Wedderburne, the very strong Castle of Fastcastle. The rivers in the Mers are Ei, Whittitur, Blakitur, and Ednem water. This country is plenteous and abundant in all things necessary for the use of man.  
West from the Mers lies Tewiotdail, Liddisdail, Ewisdail, Eskdail, Wauchopdail, and Annandail, taking their names from T●…ot, Liddil, Ewes, Eske, Wauchope, and Annan, running severaily through the said Dailes. In Tewiotdail lies the ancient strong Castle of Roxbourgh demolished. The Castle of Cesfurd, the Lord of Roxbourgh special Residence: the Castles of Little-deane, and Makerstowne, 
Tewiotdail.  the ancient town and Abbey of Kelso, with the Castle of Flures, the town and Abbey of jedbourgh, the Castles of Bown-iedburgh, Hunthill, Hu●…delie, Crailing, and Edyarstowne, with many other stone strong houses, tedious to describe, the Town and Abbey of Melrose, the Town and Abbey of Driburgh, the Town of Hawicke, the Castles of Kaiwers and Branxholme, the Lord of Balcleuches special Residence. The Rivers in Tewiotdail are Tiot, Tweed, Kail, Auchnom, jed, Rewl, Slitricke, Borthuike and eal.  
In Liddisdail is the ancient Castle of Harmetage: The Castles of Prickinhauch, Mangerstowne and Whittow 
Liddisdail.  In Eskdail is the Castle of Langhome. 
Eskdail.   
In Annundaile is the Castle of Lochmabane, environed with a number of Loches, replenished with divers goodly fishes. The Lord Maxwels special residence. The towns of Annandaile are, the town of Annanwich, a strong demolished Castle, the town of Lochmabane, 
Annandail.  the town of Moffat, the Castles of Bonschaw, Newby Bred-kirk, Hoddon, Howmanis, and Hoddamstans, next standeth the watch tower of Repentance. The Castles of Loch-house, Lochwood, Speldings, Ros, and Kirk-Michael. The rivers in Annandaile are Annan, Sark, Kirtle milk, Ay, Kinnill, Ewan, and Moffat, a fertile country, and good for pastoring: West from Annandaile lies Niddisdaile, taking the name from the water of Nith, where stands the town and Castle of Dumfreis with a pleasant bridge of large fine stones, the town and castle of Sanquhar. The Lord Sanquhars special residence the town of Disdeare, the College of Lincluden, the Abbey of Haliwode. In Niddisdaile are divers ancient houses, and Castles demolished: And yet standing, the strong Castle of Carlaverock, the ancient Castle of Drumlainrig, and Disdeir, the ancient Castle of Mortoun demolished, the Castles of Closburn, the Castle of Torthorrall, the Lord of Torthorrails, principal residence, the Castles of Muswell and Glencarne. North from Niddisdaile a little inclining to the East lies Cliddisdaile.  
Cliddisdaile taking the name from the river Clyde beginning at Crawfurd moor, wherein lies Crawfert-Iohn, Dowglasdale, Ewendaile; Carne-wath moor, bodwel moor, the towns of Cliddisdaile are Lanarke, Hamilton town and palace. The marquess of Hamiltons special residence with the Castle demolished, Boithwell with the College. The City and Castle of Glasgow, the Archbishop seat, very populous with a sumptuous Cathedral Church containing a lower and over Church, covered with lead, also a flourishing University in liberal sciences and Theology: adiacient to this City is a large stone bridge over the river Clide, wherein falls divers other the rivers as Ewen, Dowglasse●…, Lismehago, there is an Abbey of the same name, the water of Ewan, the water of Cadder, the two Maidens, and Cutter water. In Cliddisdaile is the Castle of Crawfurde, the ancient Castle of Douglas, the Earl of Anguish principal residence. The Castles of Crawfurd-Iohn, Lamington, Couthley, the strong Castle of Draffan. This country is plentiful of all necessaries. In the over ward of Cliddisdaile, there is a hill or mount where ou●… springs three rivers, Tweed running in the Scottish Sea, Ann●…n in the Irish Sea, and Clide in the great Ocean, Southeast from Cliddisdaile lieth, Tweddaile, named so from Tweed, the special town is Peblis with a religious house called the Cross Church, and the Castle of Drochellis, with the strong Castle of Neid●…eth, the Lord Z●…steris residence. The Castles of Traquhair, Grisum, Ormstoun, Horsburge, Dawicke, Dremmelger, Smithfield, Cringeltie, and Dearn-hall. The waters of Tweddaile are Tweed, Quair, Mamier, Higger, Tarffe, Line Peblis water, and Lithnops. This country is good for pasturing.  
East from Tweddaile lieth Heriot moor, Galla water, and Lauderdaile, with the town and Castle of Lauder, taking the name from the water of Lidder, there being pendicles of other Shires, I omit particularly to describe them, South from Tweddaile lieth forest Shire, ●…he special town is Sel-kirk, three miles distant therefrom is the old Castle of Neuwark. There is two goodly Rivers, Zara, and Ethrik, both falling in Tweed, Zara cometh out of a great Loth called the Loath of the Lowis, wherein is abundance of fishes, this country is also good for pasturing.  
Lothian, taking the name from Loath King of the Pi●…s is divided from the Mers, by one part called the Easter piece, & by Lammer-mure on the South from Tweddaile on the south-west. In East Lothian are the Castles of Dunglasse, Innerwick, Broxmouth, and Spot, Stanypeth, Waigtoun, Whittingham, Nunraw, Harmostoun, Saltoun, Kieto, Winttoun; Ormestoun, the towns in Lothian are Dumbarre, with a stung Castle demolished the towns of Tuningham, and North Berwick with an Abbey, Dirltoun and Castle, Fentoun town and Castle, Seitoun town and Palace. The Earl of Winton special residence, the strong hold and Castle of Tamtalloun, the town of Aber-Lady. Haddingtun town and Abbey, the Castle of Lethingtoun, the Lord Thirlstans' special residence, the the castle of Creichtoun, Sowtray Abbey, the town of Prestoun with the castle, the town of Prestoun pans, the towns of Tranent, Mussilburgh, and Enneresk. The town of Dalkenh with the castle, the Earl of Mortons' special residence, the town of New-botlie, with the Abbey: The Earl Lothians residence, the town of Letth a commodious haven for ships, and the Sea port of Edinburgh right well shipped.  
Edinburgh, the special and headburgh in Scotland, chief justice seat of the Realm, strongly builded with stone. The most part of the houses are five, six, or seven 
Edinburgh.  stories high, wherein is a goodly University, flourishing in all sciences, for instruction of the youth; fortified on the West, with a most strong Castle builded upon a high rock, kept by the King's Captains, which Castle commands the said burgh, called of old the Maiden Castle, founded by Cruthneus Camelon, the first King of Picts. Before the birth of our Saviour 330 years: Circuit upon the East, South and West with a stone wall, and upon the North strengthened with a Loch. It is also decored with the king's Palace, and Abbey of Holy Rood-house upon the East part: within seven miles to this burgh, upon the East, South and West parts, and within two miles upon the North part, there is of Noble and gentlemen's Palaces, Castles and strong builded Towers and stone houses (not as yet nominated) above an hundredth. Also the town of Cramond, lying upon Almond. The rivers in Lothiane, are Tene, Ask, the river of Leith, the water of Almond, Lothiane is very plenteous & right abundant in all things necessary for the use and sustentation of man.  
Next East Lothian lies in West Lothian, the Shirifdome of Linlithgow, with the town of Linlithgow, and the 
West-Lothian.  most pleasant King's Palace, with a very commodious Park and Loch under the Palace wall. Not far distant 
Linlithgow.  is the strong Fortress and Castle of Blackness, environed with the Sea. The ancient demolished Castle of Abercorne, the town of the Queen's ferry. The Castles of Dundas, Barnbugall, Cragiehall, Didestowne, Newlistowne, the town of Kirklistown, the Castles of Neddrie, Cadder, Torphican, Kinneil, the town of Bareston Nes.  
Auenne water, whereon there is a stone bridge, divides Sterling shire from west Lothean at the South: the Firth or Forth at the East; which Firth piece and prede becomes narrow, till it grow to the quantity of a reasonable River, nearer unto Striueling bridge. There is but one water worthy to make account of, that runs thorough it, named Carron. There are two little earthen knolls, builded as may appear, by men, (being ancient monuments) called Duini pacis, that is, the knolls of peace. Two miles downward upon the same water, there is a round building without lime, made of hard stone, in such sort that one part of the uppermost stones i●…denied with the stone that lies directly under it; so that the whole work, by this conjunction mutual, and burden of the stones, uphold itself; growing narrow by little and little from the ground to the head, where it is open like a dove-cote. The common people call it Anthurs' Oven. Upon Carson was situate the famous City of Camelon, chief city of the picts, founded by Cruthneus Camelon, afore the birth of Christ three hundred and thirty years, destroyed and abolished by King Kenneth the great, about the year of Christ 846. In this country is the Abbey of Manwell; the Castles of Haning, Powerile, and Cummernald, the Earl of Wigtowns Residence, with the wood, the ●…ore wood, and tore wood side, the town of Falkirk, the Castles of Kers, and Calendar, the Earl of Linlithgow Residence. The Castles of Donipace, Harbertshire, west Quarter, Arthur, Poffowles, Carnoke, Bruse Castle, the Palace of Elphigstowne, the Lord Elphingstones' residence, the Castles and Towers of Easter and Wester Polmais, and Chattrishall. the ancient town, with the most strong fortress and Castle, and sumptuous Palace of Striueling, builded upon a high rock, with a pleasant and commodious Park under the Castle wall. In this shire is the Castles and Towers of Towch, Gargunnok, Broich, Lekke, Dundaffe, Kilsyith, Manners, and Powes. Beyond the bridge of Striueling lies the Abbey of Cambus, Kinneth, with the Castle, the Town and Castle of Alloway, the Town and Castle of Clackmannan, the Castles of Tulliallan & Sawchy, Blair, Valeyfeild, Kinnedder, Aikinhed, Menstre, the town and Abbey of Culrosh, with the new builded Palace. Next adjacent to Striueling shire lies Lennox, divided from the Barony of Renfrew, by Clyde: from Glasgow, by the water of Heluin, at the foot of the hills of Grangebean, Lochlomond runs down a low valley four and twenty miles of length, and eight of breadth, having more than twenty four Islands within the same.  
This Lo●… besides abundance of other fishes, hath a kind of fish of the own, named Pollac, very pleasant to eat: the water of Levin runneth out of Lochlomond Southward, which water hath given the name to the country, running so strong, that no man (without danger) may pass the same. Lenin entereth into Clyde, near to the most strong and invincible fortress and Castle of Dumbarton, standing upon very high Rocks, with abundance of fresh water springs, one spring being in Summer wholesome cold, and in winter sweet, warm: no rock nor hill, being within more as a mile to the foresaid strength and Castle. Next adjacent is the town of Dunbarton, pleasantly situate upon the River of Levin, the principal town in the Duchy of Lennox; within the which there is many strong Castles, Towers and stone houses, as the Castles and Towers of Kirkmichael, Rosdo, Tarbat, Arnecaple, Kilmahow, Ardeth, Kilmarannoch, Buquhannane, Drummakeil, Cragivarne, Ballindalloch, Kilcroch, Balglas, Fentrie, Duntreith, Craigbarnut, Clorct Woodhed, Cochnoch, Balquhannaran, Drumry, Dunglas with sundry others tedious to declare.  
The Duke of Lennox is superior to the most part of the Gentlemen inhabitants in this country, and many in the Barony. Next lies the Barony of Renfrew, taking the name from the town of Renfrew, wherein the Session of justice is kept to the Country. It is divided in the midst by two waters, both called Carth. The town of Paislay pleasantly situate upon the river Carth, with the Abbey thereof, the Earl of Abircornes special Residence, with most pleasant Orchards and Gardens. In this country lies the Castle of Sempil, the Lord Sempils special Residence, with the Castles and Towers of Crukstone, Marns, Cathcart, Hag, upper Pollok and neither Polloke, Hakket, the Lord Ros residence. Cardonald the Lord of Blantyrs' residence, Blackhall, Caldwel, Stanelie, Ellerslie, Ihonstown, Waterstowne, Ramfuley, Dochail, Raalstowne, Biltries, Craganis, Housloun, Barrrochane, Dargewell, Blackstoun, Selwiland, Walkinshaw, Inchchennan, Arskin, Bishoptoun Boghall, Funlastown, New work, Grinoke, Ardgowan, Glengarnoch, Kilburne, & Lady-land, with many others, strong stone houses tedious to rehearse. These country's aforesaid are plenteous in corns bestial and fishings. Next lies Cuningham, divided from Kyle, by the water of Vrwine: at the foot thereof is situate the town of Vrwine, a goodly Merchant town, with a strong stone bridge. The town of Kilmarnocke, the town and castle of Kilmaris, the Earl of Glencarnes residence, the town & castle of Newmils, the town of Salt Coats, where great store of white Salt is made, the town of Largs, the town and Abbey of Kilwinning, the Castle of Deane the Lord Boyds' residence, the Castle & Palace of Lowdon the Lord Lowdons' special residence, the castles of Eglintowne, Kirelaw, Ardrossin, the Earl of Eglingtowns residence, Cuningham-head, Blair, Robertland, Gyffin, Eastwood, Calwel, Rowallen, Law, Fairly, Kelburne, Arneil, Knock, Skelmurly. In the town of Vrwine the judge Ordinary holds justice. Kyle and Cuningham were called of old Silu●…a. Their countries are fertile in corns and bestial. Next lies Kyle, divided from Carricke, by the water down, which descends out of Loch-downe, wherein there is a strong tower builded upon an Isle. This water runs West in the Firth of Clyde, in the midst of Kyle runs the water of Air, which divides Kyle in Kings Kyle, and Kyle Stewart, a part of the Prince's principality. At the mouth of the water, on the South side is situate the ancient Merchant town of Air, taking the name from the water, the principal Bourgh of the whole Shire, pleasantly builded in a plain field, hard on the Sea, very populous, and well shipped, with fair stone houses, most covered with blue sklate, with a large stone bridge, passing to the new town of Air, with a castle and Palace. The town and castle of Machling, the town and castle of Cumnoke, the town of Preseike, the justice seat of Kyle Stewart, the towns of Gastown and Ricardtown, the castles of Dundonald, Sundrum, the Lord of Cathearts' residence. The Castles of Ochiltrie, with the town, the Lord Ochiltres residence. The castles of Caprintown, Gaitgirth, Cragie, Entirkign, Gastown, Sesnocke, Carnal, Bar, Loc●…oreis, Terringean Cars, Drongane, Sorne, Dregornie, Sornbeg, Monton, Afflecke and Barskymmyn, the Loch of Martuane, with a strong tower. Loch fergus, with an Isle, with many growing trees, where great plenty of Herons resort, with the Loch of Feal: there is a decayed Monastery in it. The Rivers in Kyle are Air, Luggar, Feal and Sesnocke, Luggar and Feal runs in the water of Air, and so in the Firth of Clyde. The water of Sesnocke runs in the water of Vruing, and so in Clyde. This country abounds in strong & valiant men, where was borne the most renowned and valiant Champion William Wallace, in the Barony called Ricardtown, than his father's Style, thereafter of Craigy and Ricardtowne. Five miles from Air is a place called Coels' field, where the King of Britons called Coell was killed, by the Scots and picts, upon the water of Dewne. This country is plenteous of bestial, reasonably corned with abundance of Corns.  
Next Kyle lies Carrick, bordering with Galloway, under Lochrean, of old called Loch-calpin, declining while it come to Clydis-firth: in Carricke are two goodly waters, plenteous of fishes, the water of Stinchar, at the foot thereof stands the town of Ballintrea; where is great plenty of Herrings and other fishes, the castles of Arstinchar, Craigneil, builded upon a strong rock with the castle of Knockdolean. Upon the water of Girwane are the castles of Bargany, Blairquhan, Dalwharran, Cassils, Dunure, the Earl of Cassilis residence. The castles of the Koe, Ardmillanx, Careltowne, Killoquhan, Baltessane, Keirs, Auchendrane, the abbey of Corsraguel. There was a goodly Merchant town, of old called Carrike, founded by Caratake King of Scots, whereof remains nothing: the principal town is now Mayeboll, where the judge ordinary holds justice. Next adjacent with Carricke lies Galloway, of old called Brigantia, bordering with Niddisdail, almost declining to the South; the shire whereof enclosed, all the rest of that side of Scotland is more plentiful store of bestial Thane corns. The waters of Galloway are Vre, Dee, Turf, Fleit, ken, Cree, and Loss; which run all in the Ireland Sea. There is almost no great hills in Galloway, but it is full of craggy knolls: the waters gathering together in the valleys betwixt those knolls, make almost innumerable Loches; from whence the first flood that comes before the autumnal Equinoctial, causeth such abundance of waters to run, that there come forth of the said Loches incredible number of Eels, and are taken by the countrymen in wand creeles, who salting them, obtain no small gain thereby. The farthest part of that side is the head, called Novantum, under the which there is a haven at the mouth of the water of Lossie named Rerigonins. In the other side of Galloway, over against this haven from Clyddis-forth, there enters another haven named commonly Lochryens, or Vidogora: all that lieth betwixt those two havens, the country people call the Rynes, that is, the point of Galloway: Also Novantum, the M●…le, that is, the Beck, In Galloway are the towns of Kirkcubright well situate for a merchant town a good Harbery, with a Castle Whithorne is the Bishop's seat there. Wigtoun a goodly Market town, the town of Innermessane, Minigooff, and Saint john's Clachane. The Abbey of new Abbey Glenluse, Sall-Syde, Dundrenan, and Tongland, the Castles of the Treave, Barcloy, Hillis, Orchartoun, Bombie in Lochfergus, Cumpstoun, Cardenes, Wreythis, Kenmure, Kirkgunze. The great strength and Castle of Crowgiltoun, builded on a rock hard on the Sea, the Castles of Garleis, Large, the great Castle of Clare, the Castles of Dunskaye, Corsell, Lochnee, the Loches of Galloway are Ruhinfranco, Carlingwork, Myretoun which never freezes, for any frost that chances.  
The westmost of the hills of Grangebean make the border of Lennox, the hills are cutted by a little bosom of the Sea named for the shortness thereof Gerloch at the entry thereof standeth the Castle of Roseneth, beyond this Loch there is a greater Loch named from the water that runneth in it Lochlowng, this water is the March between Lennox and Cowall, this Cowall, Argyle, and Knapdall altogether called Argyle are divided in many parts by many narrow creeks that run out of the firth of Clyde into them. In Cowall is the Castle and town of Dunnone, where is the Bishop of Argyle his seat, there is one most notable Loch called Loch fine, which is in length threescore miles: upon Lochfyne is situate the Castle Palace and town of Inraray, the principal residence of the Earl of Argyle: Also doth the Sheriff of Argyle keep his Courts of justice, this Loch is most plentiful of Herring and all other fishes: On this Loch are situate divers Castles and gentlemen's places, as Castle Lauchlane, the Otter and Dunetrewne in Knapdall is Loghaw, and therein a little Isle where there is a strong Castle of the same name, there is also the Castle of Tarbat. In Argyle is the strong Castle of Carriek, builded upon a rock, within Loch guile, there is also the College of Kilmun, the water of Awe runneth out of Loch-how, and is the only water of all that country that do run in the Dewcalidon Sea. South and by West from Knapdall lieth Kantere: The head land of the country right over against Ireland, divided by the sea, of the breath of sixteen miles only. In Kantere is the Castles of Dunaverty, and saddle, the town and Castle of Kilkerraine, situate in the Loch of the same name Kantere is more long then broad, joining to Knapdal by so narrow a throat about one mile of breadth, which ground is sandy, and lieth so plain and low that Mariners drawing along, their vessels as galleys and boats through it makes their journey a great deal shorter than to pass about Kintire which is the common passage Lorne lies next, & Contaygne with Argyla on the back thereof where standeth the most ancient Castle of Dunestaffage, in which were the Kings of Scotland in old times crowned, where also the Marble fatal Chair remained more than one thousand years. In Lorne are also the Castles of Carnacery, and that of Makdules built upon a right rocky mountain. The country of Argyle, Knapdall & cowel do abound of bestial, kine, sheep and great store of venison, and abundant in fishes. Lorne marcheth still with Argyle until it come to Haber, or rather Loch-haber: A plain country not unfruitful. The country where the hills of Grangebean are, most easy to be traveled, named broad Alben, that is to say, the highest part of Scotland. And the highest part ●…of broad-Albin is called Drumalbin, that is the back of Scotland so termed. For forth of the back waters do run in both the seas. Some to the North, and some South. Habre or rather Lochaber marcheth with Badzenoch, which hath as it were a back running out through the midst of it, which spouts forth waters in both the seas, Lochaber marching with Badzenoch, tending by little and little towards the Deucalidon sea, a country abundant in corns and great plenty of fishes, for besides the abundance of fresh water fishes produced by a great number ot waters, the Sea runs within the country, in a long channel, and being narrow at the mouth, the water kept in betwixt two high banks, and spreading wide inward, makes the form of a stank, or rather of a Loch, a place where ships may lie sure as in a haven adjacent with Calkmananshire, lies Fyffe, beginning at the town of Torre-burne, with the castles of Torre, Cromby, Pickfirran, Pictincreiff, the town of Dumfermling and Abbey thereof, founded by King David the first, the Kings of Scotland were buried there a long time, the Palace thereof now repaired by the Queen's majesties command, & charges where the Earl of Dumfermling Chancellor of Scotland hath his residence. The town of Lymkellis with the castle of Rossynh, the town of the Queen's ferry upon the North. In the middle of Forth, upon a rock is the fortress & decayed castle of Inchgaruy. By East lies in the same water Saint Colmis Inch, with a demolished Abbey, abundant with coneys, and good pasturing for sheep. Next in the mid Firth lies Inchkeith with a demolished Fortress fertile of coneys, and good for pasturing of sheep. East from Inchkeith, within Forth lies a very high and big Rock environed with the Sea; called the Basse, invincible having upon the top a fresh spring where the Solane geese repairs much, and are very profitable to the owner of the said strength. Next the Basse in the mouth of Forth lies the I'll of May a mile long, and three quarters of a mile in breadth, there was a religious house, with many fresh water springs, with a fresh Loch abundant with Eels: This I'll is a goodly refuge for sailors in time of tempest. By East the I'll of May twelve miles from all land in the Germane seas, lies a great hidden rock called Inchcape, very dangerous for navigators, because it is overflowed every tide. It is reported in old times upon the said rock, there was a Bel fixed upon a tree or timber, which rang continually, being moved by the Sea, giving notice to the sailors of the danger. This Bell or Clock was put there, and maintained by the Abbot of Aberbrothok, and being taken down by a Sea Pirote, who a year thereafter perished upon the same rock with ship and goods in the righteous judgement of God. Returning to the ancient town of Innerkething, adjoining thereto is the most comfortable and safe refuge for sailors in time of storm, called Saint Margaret's hope. The castles of Dunnybirsill, Dalgatie, and fordel, the town and castle of Aberdour, the Loch of Cowstoun, the castle of Orterstoun, the town of Brunt-Iland, with the castle, the castles of Balmuto, Balwery, Hal-randes, and Raith. The town and castle of Kingrne, the castles of Seyfield, and Abbots-hall: the town of Kirkealdy, the castles of Bogy & Ravens-houch, the Lord Sinclairis special residence, town of Dysart, the town of Westerwemis and the castle, the castle of Easterwemis, the Lord Colweil chief residence, the towns of Buckhaven, and Lewynis mouth, so named from the river of Lewin out which comes of Loch-Lewin, the town of Kenneway, the castles of Dury, Lundy and Largow, with the town thereof, the castles of Rires, Bulchares, and Kinnochar, with the Loch thereof, the town of Earl's ferry, the castles of Kelly and Ardrosse, town of Eliot. The town and castles of Saint Monanes, Carnbie, and Balkaskie, the town and Abbey of Pictonweme, the Lord of Pictonwemes residence, the towns of Anstruther with the castle, the castles of Bofy, Pitterthy, the towns of Innergelly, and Siluer-dikes: the castles of Erdry, third part, West-Berns, the town of Craile, with the Provestry and demolished castle, the castles and towers of Balcomy, Wormestoun, Randerstoun, Newhall, Camno, Kipper, Pitmille, kinkel, Strawithy, Lamberletham, Lachochar. The City of Sanctandros, the Metropolitan and Archbishop's Seat, with a strong Castle and Abbey decored with three Universities for learning in all sciences. In old time the Churches in this City most curionsly and sumptuously builded, and now decayed from this City West upon the water of Eddin lies the Castles of Nydy, Rumgary, Dairsey, Blebo. The town of Cowper, the chief justice seat, the Castle of Corstoun, the Castle of Struther, the Lord Lendsayes principal residence, the Castles of Inglishtarwet, Craighall, Bruntoun, Balgony, the town of Merkinsche, the town of Falkland with the king's Palace, with a pleasant park abundant, with dears and other wild beasts. The town Stramiglo with the Castle, the Loch of Rossy, with the Tower thereof Hill-Carney and Nachtoun. The two promontories called the Loumonds, the town of Leslie with the Castle, the Castles of Straith-Endrie, and Arnat, the Loch of Inchgaw, with the Castle within, the Castles of Dowhill, Killerny, Ady, Cleisch, the Loch of Loch-lewin with a strong Castle, abundant in all fresh fishes, with the Newhouse adjacent thereto, the Castle of Burley, the Lord Burleyes' residence, the Castle of Balluaird, the town of Newbrough, the Abbey of Lundors, the Lord of Lundors' residence. The Castle of Bambreich, the Earl of Routhous special residence. The Abbey of Balmerinoch, The Castles of Collarny, fern, Perbroth, Mordocarny, Maquhany, Forret, Kynneir, the town of Lucers, with the Castle, the Castles of Earleshall, Colluthy, the towns of East and West Ferreis, the rivers in Fyiff are Lewin, Eddin, Ore, Lochty, the two Quichiss, the waters of Largo, Kendlie, and Stramiglo.  
This country is abundant in corns, fruits bestial, and all sort of fishes, with abundance of coal and salt: and all the aforesaid Sea towns, very populous and well shipped. Straitherne taking name from Erne, which runneth out of Locherne. The principal country of Perth-shire is divided on the South from part of Fiffe, Kinroshire & Clakmananshire by the Ochel hills, the tops of the hills serving for march: for as the water springs do fall towards the North, they belong to Straithern, and as they fall towards the South they appertain to Kinroshire, Culroshire, and Clakmananshire, by ambition divided: in old times all their three shires were under the jurisdiction of Perth. The Stewartrie of Mentieth, liand in Perth shire, wherein lies the Abbey of Inch-mahomo with the castles and towers of Cardrose, Archopple, Balinton, Quolze, Burnbanke, Row, Keir, Knockhill, Calendar, Leny, Cambusmore, Torre and Lainricke, lying upon Teith water, giving the name to Montieth. The strong Fort and castle of Down. Nowtowne, Argatie and Kirk-bryd, the Earl of Monteiths residence. Next lies in Perthshire, the city of Dumblane, the Bishop of Dumblans' residence, the castles and towers of Kippinrose, Cromlix, Buttergasse and castle campbel. Returning to the town of Abirnethy, sometime the Metropolitan city of the picts, liand in Straithern, marching with Fiffe, where the Earl of Angusse hath there Sepulchres. By Mugdrum and Balgony runneth the river of Erne in Tay, which is the greatest river in Scotland. At the foot of the Ochellis lies the castles & towers of Craigpotte, & Knight-potte, Fordel, Ardrose Balmanno, Exmagirdle and Foregone, where the water of Meth flowed from the Ochellis, giving name to the castle of Innermeth, the Lord of Innermeths' residence. The castles and Towers of Condie, Keltie, Garuoke, Duncrub, Newtowne, Glenaigles, the town of Doning and Auchtirardour, the castle of Kincardin, the Earl of Montroze special residence, the castles of neither Gaske and Tullibardin, the Earl of Tullibardin special residence, the castles and towers of Aurchtermachonie, Orchell, Panels, Ardoch, Braikoch and Craigrossie. The castle of Drymmen, the Earl of Perths' residence: the castles and towers of Balloch, Petkellany, and Boreland.  
Betwixt Erne and Tay lieth Easter and Wester Rinds: the castles and towers of Fingaske, Kinmonth, Elcho Abbey and castle, Easter and Wester Montcreiffis, Malar, Petthewles, Balhoussie: the ancient bourgh of Perth, pleasantly situate upon the river of Tay, betwixt two commodious green fields or Inches, founded by King William, surnamed the Lion, after the abolishing of the castle of Bertha by inundation of waters, about the year of Christ 1210. the King giving great and ample privileges to the said burgh, decored with a large and long stone bridge over Tay, of eleven Arches, partly decayed, & now re-edifying; having reasonable commodities for shipping, with goodly fishings, of old decored with sundry Monasteries, and specially the Charterhouse now demolished. The strong castle of Dupplin, the Lord Elephants special residence: the castles of Huntingtore (of old called Ruthwen) the castles and towers of Methwen, Bachilton, Logyalmond, Cultmalindis, Tibbermure, Tibbermallow, Keillour, Gorthy, Trewn and Strowane, the town of Fowlis, the castles and towers of Cultoquhay. Abircarny, Inchbreky, Monyvard, Carriwechter, Fordee, Comrre, Williamstowne and Durndone, with the town of Creiffe, Octhirtyre and Milnabe: the abbey of Incheffrey, the Lord of Incheffreyes' residence, Innerpeffry, the Lord of Mathertyes special dwelling. Betwixt Almond and Tay lies the Stormond of Straitherne, wherein is the castles and towers of Strathurd upper Banchels, Inchstrewy, Ochtirgewin, Arlywicht Tullibeltane, Innernytie, Inchstuthil, Murthlie, the ancient demolished castle of Kinclewin, where the water of Ila runneth in Tay. In their countries are the rivers of Farg, Meth, Erne, Vrdachy, Schiochy, and Lochtre, falling in Almond, where Lous work made of stone, receives a great channel of water, passing to Perth, whereon stands many mills, and filling the ditches to Spey tower, the rest of Perth is compassed with a stone wall. The city of Dunkeld the Bishop's seat situate upon Tay, with little Dunkeld, the water of Brane falls in Tay, giving the name to Straitbrane, wherein is the castle of Trocharry: adjacent to Dunkeld lies the castles and towers of Rotmell, Carny, Clunie, Loch and castle Gowrdy, Mekilhour, Lethandy, Glesclun, Drumlochy, Gormoke, Blair, Ardblair, Craighall, Rettray and Ford.  
In Straithardell, named from the water of Ardell, lies the castles and towers of Morkley, Assintulle, and Innerthrosky: in Athole liand in Perthshire, is the great and strong castle of Blair, the Earl of Atholes special residence; the castles and towers of Strowane, Ballachan, Balladmyn, the old demolished castle of Muling, the old demolished castle of Logyrait, where the water of Tynmell, flowers in Tay, the Castles of Garntully, the strong fortress of Garth upon a great rock, the Castles of Weme, Balloch, Finlarge, Glanurquhar, layers, and Miggerny in Glenlyon where the water of Lion runneth in Tay. The water of Tay cometh forth of Lochtay, in Broad-Albin, which Loch is four and twenty miles of length. There is other countries (as Rannoch, Balquhidder) lying betwixt Athole, Argyle, Lorne and Lochaber unknown to the Author. Returning to Gowry, and the rest of Perthshire lying betwixt Tay and Angusse, where lies the Castles and Towers of Stobhall, Campsey, Byrs, Petcur, Ruthwens, Banff, Camno, Balgillo, Moncur, Inchstur, the ancient and renowned Abbey of Scone, where the kings of Scotland were crowned, from the exterminion of the Picts, unto the time of King Robert Bruse, at which time the fatal Marble chair was transported to Westminster by Edward the first (surnamed Longshanks) King of England. This Abbey was sumptuously builded, now wholly decayed: a part whereof is re-edified, and pleasantly repaired by the Lord of Scone, being his special residence: The Castles and towers of Poknyll, Pitsindy, Balthiok, Rait, Kilspindie, Fingask, Kynnarde, Meginshe, Murey, Hill, Petfour, the town and Palace of Arroll, the Earl of Arrols residence, Leyis, Inchmartine, Monorgund, Huntley and Innergowry.  
These countries (all in Perthshire) are right plenteous and abundant in all kind of corns, bestial, and all sort of fishes, and all other necessaries for the sustentation of man, and Athole abounds in all kind of wild beasts and fowls with wild horses.  
Next adjacent to Gowry lies Angusse, beginning at the bridge of Innergowry, with the Castle of Fowls, the Lord Gray's residence, the Castles of Balfour, Lundy, and Dinnun. The town of Kethens, the town and Abbey of Copar, the Castle of Newtyle, the town and Castle of Glammis, the Lord Glammis special residence. The town of Killy-mure, the Castles and Towers of Lowry, Brigtoun, Thorntoun, Innerrichtie, Kilkaudrum and Quich, Clovoy, with parks and woods, Innerquharitie, and Quich, Glen-Ilay, Wain, Dysart, Rossie, the Castle of Fyn-heavin, the Earl of Crawfurds special residence. The Castles and Towers of Melgund, Flemyngtoun, Woodwre, Bannabreich, old Bar, with the Park Carrestoun and Balhall, the City and Castle of Brechin the Bishop's residence. The Castles and Towers of Dun, Craig, Edzell, Balzordy, and Newtoun. The town or brugh of Dunde, strongly builded with stone houses, right populous, and industrious with good shipping, and a commodious haven: a pleasant Church with a right high stone steeple, the castles of Duddope and Autherhouse, the Earl of Buquhans' special residence. The Castles & towers of Strickmartin, Clawers, mains, wester Ogyll, Ballumby, and Claypottes, the strong fortress & Castle of Bruchty, upon a rock environed with the Sea. The towns of north Ferrey, and Monyfuth, the Castles and towns of Auchinleck, Easter and Wester Powreis, Glen, Drumkilbo, and Teling, The town of Forfarre with a demolished Castle, with a Loch and an I'll therein with a Tower, Cassie, Logymegle, Barnzstaird, Innerkelour, the demolished Abbey of Resenneth, with a Loch, and the Loch of Reskobow, the Castles and Towers of Woodend, Balmeshannoch, Hakerstoun; Balmady, with a Loch Balgayis demolished, the Castles and Towers of Turing, Carsegowny, Guthrie, Garne, Fernell, and Boshane: The Lord Ogilbies' special residence, the towns of Bar, and Panbryde; the Castles of Duniken, Pammure; and Kelly, the town and ancient Abbey of Abirtrothok; with the Castle, the Castle of Lethame, and Ethy; where a Falcon engendes yearly upon a high rock past memory of man. The Castles and Towers of Enblackmond, Callistoun, Bisack, Ardbeky, and the red Castle, the Castles and Towers of Dunnenald, Vsum, Craig, Bonytoun and Kinnarde.  
The ancient town of Mont-Rosse, with a commodious harbery for shipping, and well shipped, this town is all builded with stone, and populous, abundant with all kind of fishes: the town and Castle of old Mount-Rosse, and the Castle of Westerbracky. The rivers in Anglusse are the water of Innergowery dividing Gowry from Angusse: The rivers of Dichty, Carbat, Ila, Brothat Lunnen, North and South Askis. This country of Angusse is plentiful and abundant in all kind of corns great store of bestial, with all sort of fishes withal other commodities necessary for man.  
Next adjacent to Angus is the Mernis, where are the towns Kincardin, Fordoun, & Beruy, Cowey and Stanehyve, Galguein, with the Castles of Halgrein and Lowristoun, the most strong Castle of Dunotter, with many pleasant buildings within the same, situate upon a Rock, environed with the Ocean sea, and well furnished with Ordinance and all warlike provision for defence, the Earl Martial his residence, with the Castle Fatteresso, there is also the Castles of Glenberuy, Puttarrow, Arbuthnet, Thornntoun, Balbegenat, Hakertoun, Morphie, Benholme, Allardes and Matters. This country is plenteous of Beer, and wheat, abounding in bestial and fishes: The Barons and Gentlemen detest contention in law, remitting and submitting always their actions debatable, to amicable arbitrements among themselves.  
North from the Mernis is the mouth of the water of Dee, where is situate the ancient burgh and, merchant town of Aberdeen, well builded & renowned for the Salmond-fishing thereof, well shipped, it hath a flourishing q for instruction of the youth, a pleasant bridge builded of stones, at the mouth of the river Done, is situate the old City of Aberdone, which is the Bishop's seat, where also is a goodly College for learning in sciences specially in Philosophy.  
Between Dee and Done beginneth the country of Mar, growing always wider and wider till it be threescore miles' length and comes to Badezenoch. In Mar is the town of Kinkardin of Neil, the Castles of Drum, Leyes, Skein, Monimusk, Halforrest, the town of Kyntor, the Castles of Abirgeldy, Lenturke, Corsse, Aslun, Kyndrymme, Innerbuchat, Clunie, Corsinda, Muchall, Cragywar, Torry and Cowgarth, Klenkindy, Buchholly, and New. Lochaber, Badzenoch and Mar, comprehends the breadth of Scotland between the two Seas.  
Next Mar upon the North lies the Gareoch, wherein is the town of Innerwry. The Castles of Balquhan, Fethernere, Caskybane, Auchenhuiff, Meldrum, Pitcaple, Pittodrie, Harthill, not far distant is the most high mountain of Bannachy, the highest mountain in the North for sailors, coming from the Easter seas, takes up land first by this mountain. The Castles of Lesly and Wardens, the ancient Castle of Dinnedure upon a high mountain called the Golden Mountain, by reason of the sheep that pastures thereupon: Their teeth are so extraordinary yellow, as if they were coloured with gold, there is also the Castle of Drumminor, the Lord Forbes residence. Next Gareoch upon the north-east lies Bucquhan, wherein is situate the town of Newburgh, upon the water of Itham, abundant in Salmond and other fishes, the towns of Peterhead and Frisselburgh, the Castles of Fophern, Asselmond, Arnage, Tochone, Kelly, Straloch, Vdney, & upon the north-east side thereof there is a rock where are found sundry well coloured stones of divers hews, very pleasant, some quadrant pointed, and transparent, resembling much the oriental Diamond for they are proved to be better than either the Virginian or the Bohemian Diamond. The time of the coming of Hengistus in Britain, there came with him one Noble 
The original of the name of Wdny.  German Prince called Woden, about the year of Christ 477. (as writeth Pomarius) who adjoining their forces with Vortiger, than King of the Britain, against the Scots and Picts, continuing in their fury were called Vodenay, conform to the old Saxon language (as writeth Olaus magnus, Beda and Vliterpius) of whom by long progression and abbreviation of speech is descended the ancient name of Vdny. There are also the Castles of Pitmedden, Had, Gicht, Fywie, the ancient Castle of Slanes, watterton, Enderrugy, with the strong Castle of the Craig of Enderrugy, The Castles of Fillorth, Pitsligo, Feddreth, Towy, Balquhaly, Dalgatie, the tower of Torrey, and the Castle of Mures. This country stretches farthest in the German seas of all the countries of Scotland fertile in store, and corns: And in itself sufficient in all other commodities necessary for the country, there is abundance of Salmon and other fishes taken in all the waters thereof, except the water of Rattry, whereunto this day there was never any Salmon seen. Next Buehquhan upon the North lies Boyne, and Enze in Boyne. In Boyne is the town of Bamst, and Castle thereof, situate upon the river of Divern, there is also the Castles of Boyne, Findetar, and Bogygieht, with the town of Culane, situate upon the sea coast. Next lies the lands of Straithbogy, where is the Castle and Palace of Straithbogy, the special residence of the marquess of Huntley, the Castles of Fendrough, Pitlurge, Carnbarrow, Rothemay, the Lord Saltouns chief residence, Kinnardi, Crombie, Achindore, Lesmore, Balwany, Blarsindy, Drymmyn, Dusky, Ballindalloch, Balla Castle and Aikenway, these foresaid countries are plenteous in corns, bestial, and in fishings.  
Next upon the North is the water Spey, abundant in Salmond and all new fishes, Endlong Spey lies Murrey-Land, wherein is situate the City of Elgyn upon the water of Lossy, the Bishop of Murreyes' seat and special residence, with a Church most curiously and sumptuously builded, which now in part decays. In Murrey are many strong Castles & other strong houses, as the Castles of Blairy, Monynesse, the ancient strong Castle of Vrquhart, the Castles of Spynay with a pleasant Loch abounding in fishes, the Castles of Inns and Duffus, the Castle and town of Forres, the great Castle of Tornuaye, the principal residence of the Earl of Murrey: The Castles of Cadall and Kilravicke with divers gentlemen's strong stone houses adjacent about the town of old Erne. In Murrey are two famous Abbeys, Pluscardy, and Kinlus, the Castle of Lovat the Lord Lovats residence. There is also the most ancient town of Innernes, and the strong Castles thereof situate on the water of Naes, which descends from a Loch, named Loch Naes thirty four miles in length: this water of Naes is always warm, and never freezeth, in such sort as in winter time, ye falling into it is dissolved by the heat thereof: West from Lochnes', there lies eight miles of continent ground: And that small piece is the only impediment that the Seas join not, and make the remanent of Scotland an Island: for all the land that lies betwixt the straight and the Deucalidon Sea, is cut by creeks and Loches of salt water running into the land.  
From the mouth of Naesse, where it enters in the German Sea, North lies Rosse, shooting in the Sea in great Promontories or heads. The country of Rosse is of greater 
Rosse.  length nor breadth, extending from the German to the Deucalidon Sea, where it riseth in craggy and wild hills, and yet in the plain fields thereof, there is as great fertility of corn as in any other part of Scotland. There is in Rosse pleasant dales with waters, & Loches full of fishes, specially Lochbroome: It is broad at the Deucalidon sea, and grows narrow by little and little turning Southward from the other shore, the German Sea (winning the self an entry betwixt high clintes) runs within the land in a wide bosom, and makes an healthful port and sure refuge against all tempests and storms: the entry of it is easy, and within it is a very sure haven, against all injuries of Sea, and a haven for great navies of ships. Lochbroome is abundant of Salmond and all other fishes. The towns in Rosse are the City of the Channory, the Bishop's seat with a strong Castle, the town of Rosemarky, the Castles of Read-castle, Dingwall, the Abbey of Bewly, the castles of Cromarty, Miltoun, Fowlis, Ballingoun, the town of Ta'en, the Castles of Catboll, Torbat, Loselun, & Kayne with many others, the waters in Rosse are Cromarty, the water Ta'en, the water of Naes: Also Mountains of alabaster and hills of white marble, there is many other parts in Rosse too longsome, to describe. Next Rosse lies Sutterland, the special town is D●…norch with a strong Castle: the Castls of Skibow, Pulrossy, Skelbo, Clyne, Dunrobene, the Earl of Sutherlands residence, with goodly Orchards, where grows good Saphron: the rivers are 
Sutherland.  Ferryhuns, Brora Helmsdeaill, abundant in Salmond and other fishes, and good store of bestial, there is also hills of white Marble, with salt and coal. Next Sutherland lies 
Stranavern.  Stranavern, the castle of Far, where the lord of Makky hath his special residence: The Castles of tongue, this country & Stratleigh, with sundry islands, as Ship-Iland, Hyp-Iland Marten-Iland, Conne-Iland are unknown to the Author. Next lies Caithnes, where it marches with Stranauerne is the furthest North country of all Scotland: and those two draw the breadth of Scotland in a narrow front. In them are three Promontories or heads: the highest whereof is in Stranavern, called Orcas, or Taruidum, the other two not so high are in Caithnes, Veruedrum now named Hoya: and B●…rebrum now called Dunsby, at the foot of this hill there is a pretty haven for them that travel from Orknay by Sea, there is mountains called Ordhead, Hoburnhead, Madens Pape, the Castle of Berydale, with a river abundant in Salmond & other fishes. The Castle of Dumbeth with a goodly river, with the towns of Wcik & Thirso, with Ichone a river. The Castle of Gerniggo, the Earl of Caithnes special residence. The Castles of Akergile, Keis Pressik, old Weik, Ormly, Skrabstar, Dunray, Brawl, and May, Dunnethead isa hill of Marble, the rivers are the river of Berridale, Dunberth, Weik, Thirso Fors. This country is abundant in corns, bes●…all, Salmond, & all other fishes.  

Of the Isles of Scotland in general.  
NOw refleth it to speak somewhat of the Isles, they are divided (which as it were Crown Scotland) in three classes or ranks, the West Iles, Orknay Iles, & Shetland Isles, the west Isles lie in the Deucalidon sea, from Ireland almost to Orkenay upon the west side of Scotland, they are called Hebrides, and by some Aebudae: They are scattered into the Deucalidon sea, to the number of three hundredth and above: Of old the kings of Scotland kept these Isles in their possession, until the time of Donald brother to King Malcolm the third, who gave them to the King of Norway, upon condition that he should assist him, in usurping of the Kingdom of Scotland, against law and reason. The Danes and Norway people kept possession of them for the space of 160. years: and then King Alexander the third, overcoming the Danes and Norway men in a great battle, thrust them out of the Isles: yet afterward they attempted to recover their liberty, partly, trusting to their own strength; and partly, moved by seditions in the main land of this Country, creating Kings of themselves, as not long ago, john (of the house of Clandonald) did usurp the name of King, as others had done before. In food, raiment, and all things pertaining to their family, they use the ancient frugality of the Scots.  
Their banquets are hunting and fishing. They seeth their flesh in the tripe, or else in the skin of the beast, filling the same full of water. Now and then in hunting, they strain out the blood, and eat the flesh raw. Their drink is the broth of sodden flesh. They love very well the drink made of whey, and kept certain years, drinking the same at feasts: It is named by them, Blandium. The most p●…rt of them drink water. Their custom is to ●…ake their bread of Oats & Barley, (which are the only kinds of grain that grow in those parts:) Experience (with time hath taught them to make it in such sort, that it is not unpleasant to eat. They take a little of it in the morning, & so passing to the hunting, or any other business, content themselves therewith, without any other kind of meat till even.  
They delight in marled clothes, specially, that have long stripes of sundry colours: They love chiefly purple & blue. Their predecessors used short mantles or plaids of divers colours, sundry ways divided: and amongst some, the same custom is observed to this day: but for the most part now, they are brown, most near to the colour of the Hadder: to the effect, when they lie amongst the Hadder, the bright colour of their plaids shall not bewray them: with the which, rather coloured, then clad, they suffer the most cruel tempests that blow in the open field, in such sort, that under a writhe of Snow, they sleep sound. In their houses also, they lie upon the ground, laying betwixt them and it, Brakens, or Hadder, the roots thereof down, and the tops up, so prett●…ily laid together that they are as soft as featherbeds, & much more wholesome: for the tops themselves are dry of n●…ture, whereby it dries the weak humours, and restores again the strength of the sinews troubled before, and that so eu●…dently, that they, who at evening go to rest sore and weary, rise in the morning whole and able. As none of these people care for featherbeds and bedding, so take they greatest pleasure in rudeness and hardness. If for their own commodity, or upon necessity, they travel to any other Country, they reject the featherbeds and bedding of their Host. They wrap themselves in their own plaids, so taking their rest: careful indeed, lest that barbarous delicacy of the main Land (as they term it) corrupt their natural and Country hardness.  
Their armour wherewith they cover their bodies in time of war, is an Iron Bonnet, and an Habbergion, side almost even to their heels. Their weapons against their enemies, are bows and arrows. The arrows are for the most part hooked, with a barble on either side, which once entered within the body, cannot be drawn forth again, unless the wound be made wider. Some of them fight with broad swords and axes. In place of a drum they use a bagpipe. They delight much in music, but chiefly in haps and Clairschoes of their own fashion. The strings of the Clairschoes are made of brasse-wire, and the strings of the haps, of sinews: which strings, they strike either with their nails, growing long; or else with an Instrument appointed for that use. They take great pleasure to deck their haps and Clairschoes with silver and precious stones: and poor ones, that cannot attain hereunto, deck them with Crystal. They sing verses prettily compounded, containing (for the most part) praises of valiant men. There is not almost any other argument, whereof their rhymes entreat. They speak the ancient language, altered a little.   
FINIS.   

A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE Western Isles of Scotland, lying in the Deucalidon Sea, being above 300. ALSO THE ISLES IN ORKENAY, and Schetland or Hethland.  
THE first is the I'll of Man, of old called 
I'll of Man, pertaining now to England.  Dubonia, there was a Town in it named Sodor●…, the Bishop of the Isle's seat. It lies almost midway betwixt Ireland and Cumber in England, and Galloway in Scotland, 24. miles in length, and 18. in breadth. Next unto Man is Ailsay, into the Firth of Clyde, with a Castle therein, an hard high Craig on all sides, except at one entry, unmanured. There comes a great number of Boats there to fish ●…éeling. There are many Comes, and Solayne Geese in it. It lies betwixt Ireland upon the Northwest, Carrik upon the North-east, and Kyntire upon the Southeast. 24. miles from Ailsay, lies Arrane, almost direct North, 24. miles of length, 
Arrane.  and 16. of breadth. The whole Island riseth in high and wild Mountains, manured only upon the Sea side, where the ground is lowest. The Sea runs in, and makes a well large creek into it: the entries whereof are closed by the Island Molas: A very sure Haven for Ships: and in the waters, which are always calm, is great abundance of Fish, that sundry times the country people taking more than may sustain them for a day, they cast th●… 〈◊〉 ●…ne in the Sea, as it were in a Sta●…ke. Next 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I'll Flada, fertile of conies. Further in it is situate the ●…se of B●… within the Firth of Clyde, eight miles in length, and four in breadth, from Arrane eight miles, Southeast, and from Argyill, south-west, half a mile. Cwnnyngham lies, by East of it, 〈◊〉 m●…es. It is a low Country, commodious for Corn and store, with a Town of the same name, and the old Castle of Rosa; with another 
An ancient Castle Rosa.  Castle in the midst of it, named Cames. The I'll M●…rnoca, a mile of length, and half a mile of brédth, lies low, Southwestwards, well manured and fertile. Within the Firth of Clyde lies little Cambra, fertile of Fallow Dear: And great Cambra fertile of Corns. From the Mule of Kyntire, little more than a mile, is Porticosa Auona, getting that name from the creak of water, th●… kept the Danes Navy there, at what ●…e they had the Isles in their hands. Northwest from the Mule, over against the Coast of Ireland, lies Rachuda. And from Kyntire, four miles, is the I'll Caraia: and not far from thence Gigaia, six miles of length, and a mile and a half of breadth. Twelve miles from Gigaia lies jura, four 
jura.  and twenty miles of length. The Shore side of jura is well manured: and the inward part of the Country is ●…led with Wood, full of Dear of sundry kinds. Two miles from jura lies Scarba, four miles in length, and a mile in breadth. The tide of the Sea, betwixt this I'll and jura, is so violent, that it is not possible to pass it, e●…ther by sa●…le or a●…re, except at certain times. At the bache of this I'll, is the I'll Ballach, Ge●…istaria, Gearastilla, Longaia, The two Fidlais, The three Barbais, Culbremna, D●…num, Co●…p, Cuparia, 〈◊〉, Vikerana, Vitulina, Lumga, Scila, Scana. These three last islands are fertile of Corn and store, pertaining to the Earls of Argyle. Next unto them is Sklata: named from a Sklait quarry, that is in it.  
Then Naguigosa, and Eisda●…a, and Skennia, and the I'll Thiania, Vderga, and the King's Island: then Duffa, that is black●…: and the Island of the Church, 〈◊〉 Triaracha: and then the Island Ardu●…, Humlis, Viridis, and Ericea. Item, Arboraria, Capraria, Cunicularia, and the I'll named, The I'll of Idle men: and Abridita, and Li●…mora, where sometimes was the Bishop's seat of Argyle, eight miles in length, and two in breadth. In this I'll are Mines of Metals, with other good commodities. Then Ouilia, the Island Traiecte, the Island Garna, the Island of the Stane, Gressa, and the great Island Ardiescara, Mus●…dilla, and Bernera, sometime called, The holy Girth, notable by the Tree Taxus, that grows in it. Mo●…ochasgia, 
Taxus like the Fir●…e tree, the fruit thereof is venomous. Yla.  Drinacha, full of Thorns and Bourtrée, overcovered with the ruins of old houses. Wricht●…un, fertile of Wood Item, Ransa, Kernera. The greatest Island, next unto jura, Westward, is Yla, four and twenty miles in length, and sixteen of breadth, extended from the South to the North, abundant in store, Corns, Dear, and Led: there is a fresh water in it, called, Lai●…; and a creek of salt water; and therein are many islands. There is also a fresh water Loch, wherein stands the Island, named, Falingania, sometime the chief seat of all the Isles Men. There the Governor of the Isles, usurping the name of a King, was wont to dwell. near unto this Island, and somewhat less than it, is the round Island, taking the name from Counsel: for therein was the justice seat, and fourteen of the most worthy of the Country, did minister justice unto all the rest, continually, and entreated of the weighty affairs of the Realm, in Counsel, whose great equity and discretion kept peace both at home and abroad: and with peace, was the companion of peace, abundance of all things. Betwixt Ila and jura, lies a little Island, taking the name from a Cairne of stones. At the south of Ila, doe lie ye Colurna, Muluoris, Ossuna, Brigidana, Corskera, The low Island, ●…mersga, Beathia, Texa, Ouicularia, Noasiga, Vinarda, Cava, Tarsheria, The great Island Auchnarra, The Island made like a Man, The Island 
Island like a man..  of john S●…badis. At the west corner of Il●… jyes Ouersa, whereth●… Sea is most tempostuous, and at certain hours ●…gable. The merchants Island: and South westwards from it, Vs●…brasta, Tanasta, and Nefa. The weavers Island. 
The weavers Island.  8. miles from Ila, somewhat North, lies Ornansa. Next unto it the Swine's Island. Half a mile from Ornansa, Col●…ansa. North from Col●…ansa, lies the Mule, 20. miles from Ila. 
The Mule.  This I'll is 24. miles of length, and as much in breadth, fruitful of Corns: there are many Woods in it, and many Herds of Dear, and a good Haven for Ships: there are in it two waters well spread of Salmond Fishes, and some stripes not empty thereof. There are also two Loches in it, and in every one an Island, and in every Island a Tower. The Sea running in this Island at 4. sundry parts, makes 4. salt water Loches therein, all 4. abounding in Herring. To the Northwest lies Columbaria, or the Dough Island: to the Southeast, Era: both the one and the other profitable for Bea●…iall, Cor●…, and for fishings. From this Island lies the Island of Sanctcolm●…, two miles of length, and more than a mile of breadth, fertile of all things, renowned by the ancient Monuments of the Country. There were two Abbeys in this Island, and a Court or a Parish Church, with many Chapels, builded of the liberality of the Kings of Scotland, and Governors of the Iles. There is as yet remaining amongst the old Ruins, a Burial place, or Churchyard, 
Burial places of the Kings of Scotland.  common to all the Noble Families of the West Iles, wherein there are three Tombs higher than the rest, distant one from another a little space, and three little Houses, situated to the East, builded severally upon the three Tombs: upon the West side are stones graven, which stand in the midst, bearing this title, The Tombs of the Kings of Scotland. It is said, there were 48. Kings of Scotland buried there. The Tomb upon the rightside hath this inscription: 
Kings of Ireland.  The Tombs of the Kings of Ireland. It is recorded, that there were four Kings of Ireland buried there. Upon the left side it hath this inscription: The Tombs of the Kings of Norway. The report is, that there were 8. Kings 
Kings of Norway.  of that Nation ●…uryed there. The notable houses of the Isles have their T●…nbes in the rest of the Churchyard, severally by themselves. About this Island, and ●…re unto it, there are s●…e islands, right fruitful, given by the ancient Kings of Scotland, and Governors of the Isles, to the Abbey of Sanctcolme. So●… is a very profitable ground for sheep, but the chief commodities of it consist in Sea Fowls that build there●…t, specially of their Eggs. Next unto it is the I'll of Women: then Rudana. Near unto it Be●…nira; and from that Skennia, half a mile distant from the Mule. The Sea sides of it abo●… in C●…es. Five miles hence lieth Fro●…. All their Isles are subject to Sanctcolmes Abbey. Two miles from Fresa lieth V●…lua, five miles of length, fruitful of Corn and shore, with a commodious Haven for Galleys or ●…ates.  
Upon the South side of it lieth Toluansa, with a Wood of Nut●…s, reas●…able fruitful. About three hundred paces from this Island lieth Gomatra, two miles long, and one mile bro●…d, extending from the North to the South. From Go●…, four miles Southward, lie two S●…affae, both full of ●…ing places. From thence, four miles' Southeast, lie the two Ke●…burgae, the more and the less, enui●…oned with such sho●…e, high, and furious fide, that by their own natural de●… (supported somewhat by the industry of man) they are altogether invincible. One mile from them lies an Island, the whole earth is blac●…e, whereof the people make Peat●… for their 〈◊〉. Next lieth Longa, two miles of length, and B●…cha half as much. From Bacha six miles lies Tiria, eight miles in length, and three in breadth, most fertile of all the Ihon●…s, it 〈◊〉 in store, Corns, Fishings, and Sea to wie●…. In this ●…and, there is a fresh water Lorh, & therein an old Castle, with a good haven for Boates. From this Island two miles lies Sunna, and from Sunna as far lieth Colla, 12. miles of length, and 2. miles of breadth: a fertile Island. Not far from it is Culsa, almost full of wood: and then two islands, named Mekle Viridis, and Little Viridis. Item, other two of the same names. overagainst the Mules head, and not far from it lie two islands, named Glassae, and then Arden-Eider, that is, the high land of the Rider. Then Luparia, or the Wolf Island: and after it a great I'll, lying north from Colla, extending East and West. Then Ruma, 16. miles in length, and 6. in breadth: the Sea-Fowles lay there Eggs here and there in the ground: in the midst of Spring time when the Eggs are laid, any man may take of them. In the high Rocks the Solayne Geese are taken in abundance. From this Island, four miles' North-East-ward lies the Horse Island. From it half a mile, The 
Horse Island. Swine Island.  Swine Island, fruitful enough in all things necessary: the Falcon builded in it, with a good Haven. Not far from it, lies Canna and Egga, fertile enough. In Egga are Solayne G●…ese. Soabrittella profitable for hunting. From this Island is the I'll of Sky, the greatest of all the islands that are about Scotland, lying North and South 40. miles in length, and 8. miles broad in some places, and in other places 12. miles, rising in Hills, in sundry places full of Woods and Pastorage: The ground thereof fertile in corn and store: and besides all other kinds of bestial, fruitful of Mares, for breeding of Horse: it hath five great Rivers rich in Salmond, and many little waters, plenty of Salmond and other Fishes. The Sea running in the land on all sides, make many Salt waters: Three principal, and 13. others: all rich in Herring. There is in it a fresh water Loch, and ●…e Castles. About the Sky, lie little islands, scattered here and there. Oronsa, fertile in Corn and store. Cunicularia, full of Bushes and coneys. next is Paba. 8. miles from Paba south-west, lies Scalpa, which (besides sundry other commodities) hath woods full of troops of Dear. Betwixt the mouth of Zochcarron and Raorsa, lies Crulinga, 7. miles of length, and two of breadth: there is a sure Haven in it for ships: There are in it also woods full of Buck and Dear.  
Half a mile from Crulinga is Rona, full of wood and hadder, with a good Haven in the innermost Lorh thereof: in the mouth of the same Lorh, is an Island of the same Name, called Gerloch. From Rona six miles Northward, lies Flada: Two miles from Flada, Euilmena. Upon the South side of Sky, lies Oronsa, and a mile from it, Knya, Pabra, and great Bina: and then five little islands. Next unto them is Isa, fertile in Corns. Beside it is Ouia; then Askerma, and Lindell●…. 8. miles from Sky Southward, lies Linga and Gigarmena, Benera, Megala, Pana, Flada, Scarpa, Veruecum, Sandara, Vatersa, which by many other good commodities, hath a Haven commodious for a number of great Ships, whereinto Fishermen of all countries about, convene certain times of the year ordinarily. These last nine islands are subject to the Bishop of the Iles. Two miles from Vatersa is Barra, running from the Northwest, to the Southeast, seven miles in length, fruitful of corns, and abundant in Fish: there runneth in it a Lorh, with a narrow throat, growing round and wide within: in it there is an Inch, and therein a strong Castle. Upon the Northside of Barra, there riseth an Hill full of Herbs, from the foot to the head, upon the top whereof, is a fresh water Well: The spring that runneth from this Well, to the next Sea, caries with it little things, like as they were quick, but having the shape of no beast, which appear (although obscurely) in some respect, to represent the fish that is commonly called, Cockles: The people that dwell there, call the part of the shore whereunto these things are carried, The great Sands: because that when the Sea ebbs, there appears nothing but dry Sands, the space of a mile. Out of these Sands the people dig out great Cockles, which the Neighbours about judge, either to grow (as it were) of that seed that the springs do bring from the well, or else (indeed) to grow in that Sea. Betwixt Barra and Witted lie these islands: Oronsa, Onia, Hakerseta, Garnlanga, Flada, great Buya, little Buya, Haya, Hell S●…, Gigaia, Lingaia, Foraia, Fudaia, Erisoaia. From these islands Vistus lies Northward, 34. miles of length, and 6. of breadth. The tide of the Sea, running in two places of this I'll, causeth it to appear three islands, but when the tide is out, it becometh all one Island. In it are many fresh water Loches, specially one, three miles long. The Sea hath worn in upon the Land, and made itself a passage to this Loch, and can never be holden out, albeit the Inhabitants have made a wall of 60. foot broad, to that effect. The water entereth in amongst the stones, that are builded up together, and leaves behind it, at the ebb, many Sea Fishes. There is a Fish in it like to the Salmond in all things, except, that with the white womb, it hath a black back, and wanteth scales. In this Island are many fresh water Loches, sundry Caves, covered with Hadder. In it are five Churches. Eight miles' West from it lies Hel●…ther Vetularum, pertaining to the Nuns of the I'll of jone. A little further North riseth Haneskera: about this Island, at certain times of the year, are many Sealches, they are taken by the Country men. south-west, almost 60. miles, lies Hirta, fertile in Corns and store, and specially in Sheep, greater than any other Sheep, in any other islands. About the 17. day of june, the Lord of this Island sendeth his Chamberlain to gather his duties, and with him a Minister, who baptizeth all the Children that are borne the year preceding: and if the Minister come not, every man baptizeth his own Child. This Hirtha is the last and farthest Isle in Albion: so that betwixt the I'll of Man, being the first I'll in Albion, and this I'll, there is 377. miles. Returning to Wistus, from the north point thereof, is the Island Velaia, two miles long, and one mile of breadth. Betwixt this point, and the Island 〈◊〉, lies Soa, Stroma, Pabaia, Barneraia, E●…saia, Keligira, little Saga, great Saga, Harmodra, Scaria, Grialinga, Cillinsa, Hea, Hoia, little Soa, great Soa, Isa, great Seuna, little Seuna, Taransa, Slegana, Tuemon. All these islands are fruitful of Corns and store.  
Above Horea, is Scarpa. And half a mile towards the West Equinoctial, from the Lewis, lies seven little islands, named Flananae, some holy place (in old times) of girth or refuge, rising up in hill●…s full of Herbs. Further, North, in the same rank, lies Garn-Ellan, that is, she hard I'll, Lamba, Flada, Kellasa, little Bernera, great Bernera, Kirta, great Bina, little Bina, Vexaia, Pabaia, great Sigrama, Cunicularia, plenty of conies, little Sigrama. The Island of the Pygmies, 
Island of Pygmies.  wherein there is a Church, in which the Pygmies were buried, (as they that are neighbours to this Island believe.) Sundry strangers, digging deeply in the ground, sometimes have found, & yet to this day do find very little round heads, and other little bones of man's body, which seems to approve the truth and appearance of the common bruit. In the North-east side of the Island Leogus, there are 2. Loches, running forth of the Sea, named, The North and South Loches, wherein at all times of the year, there is abundance of Fish, for all men that list to take them. From the same side of the Loch, somewhat more Southerly, lies Fabilla, Adam's Island, The Lamb Island. Item, Hulmetia, Viccoilla, Hana, Rera, Laxa, Era, The Dough Island, Tora, Affurta, Scalpa, Flada, Senta: at the East side thereof, there is a passage under the earth, vaulted above a flight shoot of length, into the which, little Boats may either sail or row, for eschewing of the violent tide. Somewhat Eastwards lies an Island, named, Old Castle, a room strong of nature, and plenty of Corns, Fish, and Eggs, of Sea Fowls, to nourish the Inhabitants. At that side where Lochbrien enters, is situate the Island Ewe. More Northerly lies the Island Grumorta: both these islands full of Wood The Island, named, The Priest's Island, lies the same way, profitable for pastorage of Sheep, and full of Sea Fowls. Next unto it is Afulla, and great Habrera: then little Habrera: and near unto it, The Horse I'll; and than Marta Ika. These last mentioned islands lie all before the entry of Lochbrie●…: and from them, North, lie Harry, and Lewis, 16. miles of length, and 16. of breadth: 
Lewis.  These 3. make an Island, which is not divided by any Haven 〈◊〉 Port of the Sea, but by the several Lordships of the heritors thereof. The South part is named, Haray: in it sometime was the Abbey Roadilla, builded by Maccleude Har●…is, a Country fertile enough in Corns, and good Pastorage, with a high Hill, overcovered with grass, to the very top: many Sheep are seen feeding there masterless, pertaining peculiarly to no man; for there is neither Wolf, Fox, or Serpent seen there: albeit, betwixt that and Lewis, there be great Woods full of Dear. In that part of the Island is a Water, well stored of Salmond, and other Fishes: Upon the northside it is well manured: Upon the Sea side there are four Churches, one Castle, 7. great running Waters, and 12. less: all plentiful of Salmond, and other Fishes. The Sea enters in the Land in divers parts, making sundry salt water Loches, all plentiful of Herring, with abundance of Sheep.  
In this Country is great abundance of Barley. In this Island is such abundance of Whales taken (as aged men report) their tenth will extend to 27. Whales: also a great Cave, wherein the Sea at a low water abides two fathom high, and at a full Sea, four fathom deep. People of all sort and ages sit upon the Rocks thereof, with hook and line, taking great multitude of all kind of Fishes.  
Southeast from Lewis, almost 60. miles, there is a fertile Island, low and plain, ●…alled, Rona, well manured: 
Rona.  the Lord of the ground limits certain number of Household's to occupy it, appointing for every Household, few or many, Sheep, according to his pleasure, whereon they may easily live and pay his rent. In this Island is a Chapel, dedicated to Saint Ronan, wherein (as aged men report) there is always a Spade, wherewith, when any is dead, 
A marvel.  they find the place of his grave marked. Besides other Fishes in this Island, is great plenty of Whales. Sixetéene miles from Rona, West, lies Suilkeraia, a mile of length: but in it grows no kind of Herb, not so much as Hadder. Sea Fowls lay Eggs there, and do hatch. They of Leogus, next neighbours unto it, get great profit thereby. In that Island is seen a rare kind of Fowl, unknown to other Countries, called, Colca, little less than a 
Colca, 〈◊〉 fowl un known.  Goose: they come in the Spring time, & every year hatch and nourish their Young ones. They cast their Feathers, which have no stalk, like unto down.  
Now follow the Isles of Orknay, (of old called, The 
Orknay.  Realm of the Picts) lying scattered, partly in the Deucalidon Sea, partly in the German Seas. The common people to this day are very careful to keep the ancient frugality of their Predecessors, and in that respect they continue in good health, for the most part, both in mind and body, so that few die of sickness, but all for age.  
They have Barley and Oates, whereof they make both bread and drink.  
They have sufficient ●…ore of quick goods, Neat, Sheep, and Goats, great plenty of Milk, Cheese, and Butter.  
They have innumerable Sea Fowls, whereof (and of Fish, for the most part) they make their common food.  
There is no Uenemous Beast in Orknay.  
There is is no kind of Tree, except Hadder.  
They have an old Cup, amongst them, called, Saint 
Saint Magnus Cup.  Magnus' Cup, the first man that brought the Christian Religion in that Country.  
There are about 33. islands in Orknay: whereof 13. are inhabited: the remnant are reserved for nourishing of cattle.  
The greatest Isle is named, Pomona. The firm land, thirty miles of length, sufficiently inhabited.  
It hath 12. Country Parish Churches, and one Town, called Kirkwaa. 
Kirkwaa.   
In this Town there are two Towers, builded not far the one from the other. One of them appertains to the King, the other appertains to the Bishop.  
Betwixt these 2. Towers stands one Church, very magnific: betwixt the Church and the Towers, on either side, are sundry goodly buildings, which the Inhabitants name, The King's Town, and, The Bishops Town. The whole Island runs out in Promontories or heads, the Sea running in, and makes sure Havens for ships, and Harbours for Boates. In 6. sundry places of this I'll, there are Ours of good Lead and Tin, as is to be found in any part of Britain. This Island is distant from Caithnes about 24. miles, divided by the Picts Sea. In this Sea are divers islands, scattered here and there: of whom, Stroma, lying 4. miles from Caithnes, is one, very fruitful: the Earls of Caithnes being Lords thereof. Northward lies South Ranalsa, 5. miles long, with a commodious Haven; with 2. little islands, or Holmes, good for Pastorage. Toward the North lies Burra, Suna, Flata, Fara, Hoia, and Walls.  
In these islands are the highest Hills, that are in all Orknay. Hoia, and Walls, are 10. miles of length, distant from Ranalsay, eight miles, and more than twenty from Dunkirk in Caithnes. North is the I'll Granisa, and Cobesa. Siapinsa, turning somewhat East, lies, two miles from Kirkwaa, even overagainst it, six miles of length. Right West from Siapinsa are Garsa, and Eglisa, 4. miles of length. In this Island, they say, Saint Magnus is buried. Next, and somewhat nearer the continent land, is Rusa, four miles of length, and three miles of breadth, well peopled. Westward lies the Island Broca. Some islands lie to the North, as Stronza, next Linga, five miles of length, and two of breadth.  
Haa, five miles of length, and two of breadth. By East lies Fara. And North from Fara, lies Wastra, running out in the Sea, in Promontories or heads. Above Stronza, at the East end of Etha, lies Sanda, Northward, 10. miles of length, and four of breadth, most fertile of Corns of all the Isles of Orknay; but it hath no kind of fire within it, making exchange of Corns for Peats. Beyond Sanda, lies, North, Ranalsaa, 2. miles of length, and two of breadth. Upon the South si●…e of Pomona lies Rusa, 6. miles of length: and from it Eastward Eglisa: South Veragersa: and not far from it Westraa; from which, Hethland is distant 80. miles; and Papastronza lies 80. miles from Hethland. In the midway betwixt lies Fara, that is, the ●…yre Island, standing in the sight of Orknay, and Hethland both: it riseth in three Promontories or heads, and shore Craig round about, without any kind of entrance, except at the Southeast, where it grows little lower; making a sure Harboro●… for small Boates. Next is the greatest Isle of all Hethland, named, 
Hethland.  The Mayne-land, 16. miles of length: There are sundry Promontories or heads in it, specially two, one long and small, which runs North: the other broader, in some part, 16. miles, runs North-east, inhabited upon the Sea coast. There is good Fishing in all these parts; the people's commodity standing most by the Sea. Ten miles North lies Zeal, 20. miles of length, and 8. miles of breadth: the Bremes Merchants do bring all wares needful. Betwixt this Island and the Mayne-land, lie Linga, Orna, Bigga, Sanctferri. Two miles Northward lies Vnsta, more than 20. miles of length, and six miles of breadth, a pleasant Country and plain. Via and Vra, are betwixt Vnsta and Zeall. Skenna and Burna, lie Westward from Vnsta, Balta, Hunega, Forlora, seven miles long: and seven miles Eastward from Vnsta, Mecla, with the three islands of east Skennia, ●…hualsa, Nostwad●…, Brasa, and Musa: upon the West side lie West Sche●…niae, Rorira, little Papa, Veneda, great Papa, Valla, Trondar, Burra, great Haura, little Haura, and many other Holmes, lying scattered amongst them. The Hethlandish men use the same kind of food that the Orkney man use, but that they are more scarce in house keeping. In this Island no kind of She Beast will live 24. hours together, except Kine, Ewes, conies, and such like beasts, as may be eaten. The people are appareled after the Almaigne fa●…ion, and according to their substance, not unseemly. Their commodity consisteth in course Cloth, which they sell to Norway men, with Fish, Oil, and Butter. They fish in little Cockboates, bought from Norway men that make them: they salted some of the Fish that they take, and some of them they dry in the wind. They sell th●…se Wares, and pay their Masters with the silver thereof.   

¶ Of the great plenty of Hares, Red Deer, and other wild Beasts in Scotland. Of the strange properties of sundry Scottish Dogs: And of the nature of Salmond.  
Having made this special description of the Realm of Scotland: Now touching some things concerning the same in general. In the Fields, and in all places of the Country, (except the parts where continual habitation of people makes impediment) there is great abundance of Hares, Red Dear, Fallow Dear, Roes, Wild Horses, Wolves, and Foxes, & specially in the High Countries of Athole, Argyle, Lorne, Loch-aber, Marre, and Badzenoch, where is sundry times seen 1500. Red Dear, being hunted all together. These Wild Horses are not gotten but by great sleight & policy: for 
Wild Horses.  in the Winter season the Inhabitants turn certain tame Horses and Mares amongst them, wherewith in the end they grow so familiar, that they afterward go with them to & fro; and finally, home into their Masters Yards, where they be taken, and soon broken to their hands, the Owners obtaining great profit thereby. The W●…lues are most fierce and 
Wolves.  noisome unto the Herds, and Flocks, in all parts of Scotland. Foxes do much mischief in all steads, chiefly in the Mountains, where they be hardly hunted: howbeit, 
Foxes.  Art hath devised a mean to prevent their malice, and to preserve the Poultry in some part: and especially in Glenmoores every house nourishes a young Fox, & then killing the same, they mix the flesh thereof amongst such meat as they give unto the Fowls, and other little bestial: And by this means, so many Fowls or cattle as eat hereof, are safely preserved from the danger of the Fox, by the space of almost two months after, so that they may wander whither they will: for the Foxes smelling the flesh of their fellows, yet in their crops, will in no ways meddle with them, but eschew and know such a one, although it were among a hundred of other. In Scotland are Dogs of marvelous condition, above the nature of other Dogs. The first is, a Hound of 
Three sort of Dogs.  great swiftness, hardiness, and strength, fierce and cruel upon all wild beasts, and eager against thieves, that offer their masters any violence. The second is a Rach or Hound, very exquisite in following the foot (which is called drawing) whether it be of man or beast, yea he will pursue any manner of fowl, and find out whatsoever fish, haunting the land, or lurking amongst the Rocks, specially the Otter, by that excellent sent 
Otter.  of smelling, wherewith he is endued.  
The third sort is no greater than the aforesaid Raches, in colour for the most part red, with black spots, or else black 
Sleuthhound.  & full of red marks: These are so skilful (being used by practise) that they will pursue a Thief, or thiefe-stollen Goods, in most precise manner, and finding the trespasser, with great audacity they will make a race upon him, or if he take the water for his safeguard, he shrinketh not to follow him: and entering and issuing at the same places where the party went in and out, he never ceaseth to range, till he hath noised his footing, and be come to the place, wherein the Thief is shrouded or hid. These Dogs are called Sleuthhounds: There was a Law amongst the borderers of England and Scotland, that whosoever denied entrance to such a Hound, in pursuit mads after Felons and stolen goods, should be holden as accessary unto the theft, or taken for the self same Thief.  
Of Fowls, such as (I mean) live by prey, there are sundry sorts in Scotland, as Eagles, Falcons, Go●…hawks, Sparhawks, Marlions, and such like: but of water Fowls there is so great store, that the report thereof may seem to exceed all credit. There are other kinds of Fowls, the like are rare to be seen, as the Capercaily, greater in body then the Raven, 
Capercaily. Moor Cock. Black Cock.  living only by the rinds & barks of trees. There are also many Moor Cocks and Hens, which abstaining from corn, do ●…éede only upon Hadder crops. These two are very delicate in eating: the third is reddish, black of colour, in quantity comparable to the Pheasant, and no less delicious in taste and savour at the table, called The black or wild Cocks.  
Salmond is more plentiful in Scotland, then in any other 
Salmond  Region of the world: in Harvest time they come from the Seas, up in small Rivers, where the waters are most shallow, and there the Male and Female, rubbing their bellies, or wombs, one against the other, they shed their Spawn, which forthwith they cover with sand and gravel, and so depart away: from henceforth they are gaunt and ●…lender, and in appearance so lean, appearing nought else but skin and bone: and therefore out of use and season to be eaten. Some say, if they touch any their full fellows, during the time of their leanness, the same side which they touched will likewise become lean.  
The foresaid Spawn and milt, being hidden in the sand, (as you have heard) in the next ●…pring doth yield great numbers of little Fry, so nesh and tender for a long time, that till they come to be so great as a man's finger (if you catch any of them) they melt away, as it were jelly or a blob of water: from henceforth they go to the Sea, where within 20. days, they grow to a reasonable greatness, and then returning to the place of their generation, they show a notable spectacle to be con●…idered. There are many Lin●…es or p●…oles, which being in some places among the Rocks, very shallow abou●…, and deep beneath, with the fall of the water, and thereto the Salmond not able to pierce through the channel, either for swiftness of the course, or depth of the descent, he goeth so n●…re unto the side of the Rock or Dam as he may, and there adventuring to leap over, and up into the Linne, if he leap well at the first, he obtaineth his desire, if not, he assayeth e●…soones the second or third time, till he return to his country. A great Fish, able to swim against the stream: such as assay often to leap, and cannot get over, do bruise themselves, and become meazelled: others that happen to fall upon dry land (a thing often seen) are taken by the people (watching their time:) some in cauldrons of hot water, with fire under them, sit upon shallow or dry places, in hope to catch the fattest, by reason of their weight, that do leap short. The taste of these are esteemed most delicate, and their prices commonly great. In Scotland it is straightly inhibited to take any Salmond from the 8. of September, until the 15. of November. Finally, there is no man that knoweth readily whereon this Fish liveth, for never was any thing yet found in their bellies, other than a thick s●…ymy humour. In the Deserts and wild places of Scotland, there groweth an Herb of itself, called, Hadder or Hather, very delicate for 
Hadde●….  all kind of cattle to feed upon; and also for divers Fowls, but Bees especially: this Herb, in june, yieldeth a purple flower, as sweet as honey, whereof the Picts, in times past, did make a pleasant drink, and very wholesome for the body: but since their time, the manner of the making hereof is perished in the subuersi●…n of the Picts, neither showed they ever the learning hereof to any but to their own Nation.  
There is no part of Scotland so unprofitable (if it were skilfully searched) but it produceth either Iron or some other kind of metal, as may be proved through all the Isles of Scotland.   

A memorial of the most rare and wonderful things of Scotland.  
AMong many commodities, that Scotland hath common with other Nations, it is beautified with some rare gifts in itself, wonderful to consider: as for example.  
In Orknay, the Ewes are of such fecundity, that at every Lambing time, they produce, at least, two, and ordinary three. There be neither venomous nor ravenous Beasts bred there, nor do live there, although they were tr●…ported thither.  
In Schetland, the Isles called, ●…hulae, at the entering of the Sun in Cancer, the space of 20. days, there appears no night at all. Among the Rocks grows the delectable Lambre, called, Succinum, with great resort of the Mertrik, for costly Furrings. In the West, and Northwest of Scotland, there is a great repairing of the Erne, of a marvelous nature; 
The Erne.  the people are very curious to catch him, & punze his wings, that he fly not: he is of a huge quantity, & a ravenous kind, as the Hawks, and the same quality: they do give him such sort of meat, in great quantity at once, that he lives contented there with 14. 16. or 20. days, and some of them a month: their Feathers are good for garnishing of Arrows, for they receive no rain nor water, but remain always of a durable estate, and uncorruptible: the people do use them either when they be a hunting, or at wars. In the most of the Rivers in Scotland, beside the marvelous plenty of Salmond, and other Fishes gotten there, is a Shell Fish, called, The Horse-mussell, of a great quantity; wherein are engendered innumerable fair, beautiful, & d●…lectable Pearls, 
Pearls.  convenient for the pleasure of man, and profitable for the use of Physic: and some of them so fair and polished, that they may be equal to any Oriental Pearls. And generally, by the providence of Almighty God, when dearth and scarcity of victuals are in the land, than the Fishes are most plentifully taken, for the support of the people. In Galloway, the one half of Loch Mirton, doth never freeze. By Innernes, the 
Lochmirton. Lochnes'  Loch; called, Lochnes', and the River flowing from thence into the Sea, doth never freeze but on the contrary, in the coldest days of winter, the Loch and River do both smoke and reek, signifying unto us, that there is a Mine of Brimstone under it, of a hot quality. In Carrik are Cows and Oxen, delicious to 〈◊〉, but their ●…esse is of a wonderful temperature: all other ●…estable Beasts fatness, with the cold air doth congeal: by the contrary, the fatness of these Beasts is perpetually liquid, like Oil.  
The Woe and Park of Commernauld is replenished with Cows and Oxen, and those, at all times, to this day, 
White Cows & Oxen.  have been wild, & of a wonderful whiteness, that there was never among all that huge number there, so much as the smallest black spot found to be upon one of their sainnes, horns, or cl●…e. In Kyle is a Rock, of the height of 12. foot, and as much of breadth, called, The deaf Craig: for although a 
Deaf Craig.  man should crynever so loud to his fellow, from the one side to the other, he is not heard, although he would make the noise of a Gun. In the Country of Stratherne, upon the water of Farg, by Bal●…ard, there is a Stone, called, The 
Rockand Stone.  Rock and Stone, of a reasonable bigness, that if a man will push it with the least motion of his finger, it will move very lightly, but if he shall address his whole force, he profits nothing: which moves many people to be wonderful merry, when they consider such contrariety.  
In Lennox is a great Loch, called Lochlowmond, 24. 
Lochlowmond  miles in length, & in breadth 8. miles, containing the number of 30. Isles: In this Loch is observed 3. wonderful things: The one is Fishes, very delectable to eat, that have no fins to move themselves withal, as other Fishes do. The second, tempestuous. Waves and Su●…ges of the water, perpetually raging, without winds, & that in the time of greatest calms, in the fair pleasant time of Sū●…r, when the air is quiet. The third is, one of these Isles, that is not corroborat, nor united to the ground, but have been perpetually loose: and although it be fertile of good grass, and replenished with Neat, yet it moves by the waves of the water; & is transported, sometimes towards one point, and other while towards another.  
In Argyle is a Stone found in divers parts, the which laid under Straw or Stubble, doth consume them to fire, by the great heat that it collects there.  
In Buquhan, at the demolished Castle of Sl●…, is a Ca●…, from the top whereof ●…illes water, which in short time doth congeal to hard white stones: the Cave is always emptied.  
In Lothian, 2. miles from Edinburgh, Southward, is a Well spring, called, Saint Katherins Well, flowing perpetually, 
S. Katherins well.  with a kind of black famesse or Oil, above the water, proceeding (as is thought) of the Parrot Coale, being frequent in these parts: this fatness is of a marvelous nature: for as the Coal, whereof it proceeds, is sudden to conceive fire or flame, so is this Oil of a sudden operation to heal all salt scabs and humours, that trouble the outward skin of man: commonly the head & hands are quickly healed by this Oil: it renders a marvelous sweet smell. At Abridene is a Well, 
The Well at Abridene.  of marnelous good quality to dissolve the Stone, to expel Sand from the Rey●…es & Bladder, & good for the Colic, being drunk in the month of july, & a few days of August. Little inferior to the renowned water of the Spa in Almain. In the North Seas of Scotland are great Clog●… of Timber sound, in the which are marvelously engendered a sort of Geese, called, Clayk Geese, and do hang by the beak, till they be of perfection, 
Clayk Geese.  oft times sound, & kept in admiration of their rare generation. At Dumbartan, directly under the Castle, at the mouth of the River of Clyde, as it enters in the Sea, there are a number of Clayk Geese, black of colour, which in the night 
Black Clayk Geese.  time do gather great quantity of the crops of the grass, growing upon the land, and carry the same to the Sea: then assembling in a round, and with a wondrous curiostly, do offer every one his own portion to the Sea flood, & there attend upon the flowing of the tide, till the grass be purified from the fresh taste, and turned to the salt: and left any part thereof should escape, they labour to hold it in with their nibs: thereaster orderly every Fowl eats his portion: and this custom they observe perpetually. They are very fat & delicious to be eaten.  
FINIS.   

Errata.  
Pag. 〈◊〉. lin. 〈◊〉. word●…, for wierds. p. 42. l. 35. Malonus, Malcolm. p. 66. l. 35. buries, bears. p. 77. l. 10. Higger, Bigger. Ibid. l. ●…5. piece, p●…. p. 7●…. l. 〈◊〉. T●…, Ty●… p. 87. l. 17. hal-●…ds, halyards. Ibid. l. 31. & 32. Pictonweme. Pittinweme. Ibid, l. 〈◊〉. bufy, bufy. p. 88 l. 〈◊〉. Kipper, Kippo. p. 92. l. 〈◊〉. Po●…yll, Po●…yll. p. ●…6. l. 1●…. new, other.  
〈◊〉. Pag. 5. 〈◊〉. 2●…. Rocira, 〈◊〉 Ro●…ia. Ibid. 〈◊〉. 2●…. Trondar, for Trondra.  
Printed at London by Simon S●…afford.