CERTAIN MATTERS CONcerning the Realm of Scotland, composed together. The Genealogy of all the Kings of Scotland, their lives, the years of their coronation, the time of their reign, the year of their death, and manner thereof, with the place of their burial. The whole Nobility of Scotland, their surnames, their titles of honour, the names of their chief houses, and their marriages. The Archbishoprics, Bishoprics, Abbacies, Priories, & Nunneries of Scotland. The Knights of Scotland. The form of the oath of a Duke, Earl, Lord of Parliament, and of a Knight. The names of Barons, Lairds, and chief Gentlemen in every sheriffdom. The names of the principal clans, and Surnames of the Borderers not landed. The Stewartries and Baileries of Scotland. The order of the calling of the Table of the Session. The description of whole Scotland, with all the Isles, and names thereof. The most rare and wonderful things in Scotland. As they were Anno Domini, 1597. LONDON, Printed by A. Hatfield, for john flasket dwelling at the sign of the Blacke● Bear in Paul's Churchyard. 1603. A chronology OF all the Kings of Scotland, declaring what year of the world and of Christ they began to reign, how long they reigned, and what qualities they were of, according as they be set forth and imprinted with the great book of the Statutes of the Realm of Scotland. FERGUS, the first king of Scotland, the son of Ferquhard, a Prince of Ireland, began to reign in the year of the world 3641. before the coming of our Saviour jesus Christ, 330. years: In the first year of the 112. olympiad: and in the 421. year of the building of Rome: about the beginning of the 3. Monarchy of the Grecians, when Alexander the great overthrew Darius Codomannus the last Monarch of Persia. He was a valiant Prince, and died by shipwreck, upon the sea-coast of Ireland, near unto Craigfergus, in the 25. year of his reign. 2 Feritharis, brother to Fergus, began to reign in the year of the world, 3666. in the year before the coming of Christ 305. He was a good justiciar. In his time there was a Law made, that if the sons of the King departed, were so young, that they could not rule, that then in that case, the nearest in blood should reign, being in age sufficient for government: and then after his death, the King's children should succeed: which law continued unto Kenneth the third his days, 1025. years almost. He was slain by the means of Ferlegus, Fergus his brother's son, in the fifteenth year of his reign. 3 Mainus, king Fergus son, succeeded to his father's brother, in the year of the world, 3680. and in the year before the coming of Christ, 290. He was a wise and good king, and married the King of Picts daughter, that did bear him two sons. He died peaceably in the 29. year of his reign. 4 Dornadilla succeeded to his father Mainus, in the year of the world, 3709. In the year before the coming of Christ, 262. A good king. He made the first laws concerning hunting. He had two sons, and died peaceably in the eight and twentieth year of his reign. 5 Nothatus succeeded to his brother Dornadilla in the year of the world, 3738. & the year before the coming of Christ 233. He was a greedy and a cruel tyrant. He was slain by Dovalus, one of his Nobles, in the twentieth year of his reign. 6 Reutherus, Dornadilla his son, began to reign in the year of the world, 3758. in the year before the coming of Christ, 213. He was a good King, and died peaceably in the six and twentieth year of his reign. 7 Reutha succeeded to his brother Reutherus, in the year of the world, 3784. In the year before the coming of Christ, 187. A good King. He of his own accord left the kingdom, and lived a private life, when he had ruled fourteen years. 8 Thereus, Reutherus son, began to reign in the year of the world, 3798. in the year before Christ, 173. He was an unwise and cruel Tyrant. He was expelled and banished the realm, in the twelfth year of his reign, by his Nobles: And Conanus, a wise and grave man, was made governor of the land. He died in exile in the city of York. 9 josina succeeded his brother Thereus, in the year of the world, 3810. In the year before Christ, 161. He was a quiet and good Prince, a good Medicinar and Herbister, or skilful in Physic and the nature of herbs. He died in peace, in the four and twentieth year of his reign. 10 Finnanus, josina his son, began to reign in the year of the world, 3834. In the year before Christ, 137. A good King. He was much given to the superstitious religion of the druids. He died in peace, in the 30 year of his reign. 11 Durstus, Finnanus son, succeeded to his father in the year of the world, 864. In the year before Christ, 107. A cruel and traitorous Tyrant, slain by his Nobles in battle, in the ninth year of his reign. 12 Euenus the first, succeeded to his brother Durstus, in the year of the world, 3873. In the year before the coming of Christ, 98. A wise, just and virtuous Prince. He died peaceably in the nineteenth year of his reign. 13 Gillus, Euenus' bastard son, succeeded to his father, in the year of the world, 3892. In the year before Christ, 79. A crafty Tyrant, slain in battle by Cadallus, in the second year of his reign. 14 Euenus the second, Donallus son, King Finnanus brother, began to reign in the year of the world, 3894. In the year before the coming of Christ, 77. A good and civil King. He died in peace, in the 17 year of his reign. 15 Ederus, son to Dochamus, that was son to Durstus the eleventh King, began to reign in the year of the world, 3911. In the year before the coming of Christ 60. A wise, valiant and good Prince. He died in the eight and fortieth year of his reign. 16 Euenus the third, succeeded to his father Ederus, in the year of the world, 3959. In the year before the coming of Christ, 12. A luxurious and covetous wicked King. He was taken by his Nobles, and imprisoned, and died in prison in the seventh year of his reign. 17 Metellanus, Ederus brother's son, began to reign in the year of the world, 3966. Four years before Christ's Incarnation. A very modest and good King. He died in the 39 year of his reign. In his time there was peace at home and abroad, and our Saviour jesus Christ was borne, and suffered death in his reign. 18 Caractatus, the son of Cadallanus and of Eropeia, which was daughter to Metellanus, began to reign in the year of the world 4005. In the year after the birth of Christ, 35. He was a wise and valiant King, and reigned twenty years. 19 Corbredus 1. succeeded to his brother Caractacus, in the year of the world 4025. In the year of Christ 55. A wise King, and a good justiciar, or Executor of justice. He died in peace in the 18 year of his reign. 20 Dardannus, Nephew to Metellanus began to reign, in the year of the world 4042. In the year of Christ 72. A cruel tyrant. He was taken in battle, and beheaded by his own subjects in the fourth year of his reign. 21 Corbredus 2. surnamed Galdus, son to the former Corbredus, began to reign in the year of the world 4046. In the year of Christ, 76. A valiant and worthy King: for he had many wars with the Romans, and was oft victorious over them. He died in peace, in the 35. year of his reign. 22 Lugthacus, succeeded to his father Corbredus the second, In the year of the world 4080. In the year of Christ, 110. A lecherous bloody Tyrant. He was slain by his Nobles in the third year of his reign. 23 Mogallus, son to the sister of Corbredus the second. He began to reign in the year of the world, 4083. In the year of Christ, 113. A good King and victorious in the beginning of his reign: But in the end of his life, became inclined to tyranny, lechery and covetousness, and was slain by his Nobles in the 36 year of his reign. 24 Conarus succeeded to his father Mogallus, in the year of the world, 4119. In the year of Christ, 149. A lecherous tyrant. He was imprisoned by his Nobles, and died in prison in the 14 year of his reign, and Argadus a Noble man was made Governor. 25 Ethodius the first, son to the sister of Mogallus, began to reign in the year of the world 4133. In the year of Christ 163. He was a good Prince. He was slain by an Irish Harper, whom he admitted to lie in his chamber, in the 33 year of his reign. 26 Satraell succeeded to his brother Ethodius the first, in the year of the world, 4165. In the year of Christ, 195. A cruel Tyrant. He was slain by his own Courtiers in the 4 year of his reign. 27 Donald 1. the first Christian King of Scotland, succeeded to his brother Satraell in the year of the world 4169. In the year of Christ 199. A good and religious King. He was the first of the Kings of Scotland that coined money of gold and silver. He died in the eighteenth year of his reign. 28 Ethodius the second, son to Ethodius the first, began to reign in the year of the world 4186. In the year of Christ 216. An unwise and baseminded King, governed by his Nobles. He was slain by his own Guard in the sixteenth year of his reign. 29 Athrico succeeded to his father Ethodius the second, in the year of the world 4201. In the year of Christ, 231. A valiant Prince in the beginning, but he degenerated and became vicious: and being hardly pursued by his Nobles for his wicked life, slew himself in the twelfth year of his reign. 30 Nathalocus, as some write, son to the brother of Athrico, began to reign in the year of the world, 4212. In the year of Christ, 242. A cruel tyrant, slain by his Nobles, and cast away into a privy, in the eleventh year of his reign. 31 Findocus, son of Athrico, began to reign in the year of the world, 4223. In the year of Christ, 253. A good King and valiant, slain by feigned Hunters, at the instigation of Donald, Lord of the Isles, his brother, in the eleventh year of his reign. 32 Donald the second, succeeded to his brother Findocus, in the year of the world 4234. In the year of Christ, 264. A good Prince. He was wounded in battle, and being overcome, died for grief and sorrow in the first year of his reign. 33 Donald the third, Lord of the Isles, brother to Findocus, began to reign in the year of the world, 4235. In the year of Christ, 265. A cruel tyrant, slain by Crathilinthus his successor, in the twelfth year of his reign. 34 Crathilinthus, Findocui son, began to reign in the year of the world 4247. In the year of Christ, 277. A valiant and a godly King. He purged the land from the Idolatrous superstition of the Druids, and planted the sincere Christian Religion. He died in peace in the four and twentieth year of his reign. In his time was Constantine the great Emperor of Christendom borne in England. 35 Fincormachus, son to the brother of the father of Crathilinthus, began his reign in the year of the world, 4271. In the year of Christ, 301. A godly King and valiant. He was a worthy furtherer of the kingdom of Christ in Scotland. He died in peace in the seven and fortieth year of his reign. 36 Romachus, brother's son to Crathilinthus, began to reign in the year of the world, 4318. In the year of Christ, 348. A cruel Tyrant, slain by his Nobles, and his head stricken off, in the third year of his reign. 37 Angusianus, Crathilinthus brother's son, succeeded to Romachus in the year of the world 4321. In the year of Christ, 351. A good King, slain in battle by the Picts, in the third year of his reign. 38 Fethelmachus, another brother's son of Crathilinthus, he began to reign in the year of the world, 4324. In the year, of Christ, 354. He was a valiant King: for he overcame the Picts, and slew their King. He was betrayed to the Picts by an Harper, and slain by them in his own chamber, in the third year of his reign. 39 Eugenius the first, Fincormachus son, began to reign in the year of the world 4327. In the year of Christ, 357. A valiant, just and good King. He was slain in battle by the Picts and Romans in the third year of his reign and the whole Scottish nation was utterly expelled the Isle, by the Picts and Romans, and remained in exile about the space of four and forty years. 40 Fergus the second, Erthus sons son to Ethodius, Eugenius the first his brother, returning into Scotland, with the help of the Danes and Goths, and his own countrymen, who were gathered to him out of all countries where they were dispersed, conquered his Kingdom of Scotland again out of the Romans and Picts hands. He began his reign in the year of the world, 4374. In the year of Christ, 404. He was a wise, valiant and good King. He was slain by the Romans in the sixteenth year of his reign. 41 Eugenius the second, son of Fergus the second, succeeded to his father in the year of the world, 4390. In the year of Christ, 420. He was a valiant and a good Prince. He subdued the Britons, and died in the two and thirtieth year of his reign. 42 Dongardus succeeded, to his brother Eugenius the second, in the year of the world, 4421. In the year of Christ, 451. A godly, wise and valiant Prince. He died in the fifth year of his reign. 43 Constantine the first, succeeded to his brother Dongardus, in the year of the world, 4427. In the year of Christ, 457. A wicked Prince. He was slain by a Noble man in the Isles, whose daughter he had defiled, in the two and twentieth year of his reign. 44 Congallus the first, son of Dongardus, began to reign in the year of the world, 4449. In the year of Christ, 479. A good and quiet Prince. He died in peace in the two and twentieth year of his reign. 45 Goranus, or Conranus succeeded to his brother Congallus the first, in the year of the world, 4471. In the year of Christ 501. A good and wise Prince. He died in the four and thirtieth year of his reign. 46 Eugenius the third Congallus son, succeeded to his father and uncle, in the year of the world 4505. In the year of Christ 535. A wise king and a good justiciar. He died in the three and twentieth year of his reign. 47 Congallus the second, or Conuallus, succeeded to his brother Eugenius the third, in the year of the world, 4528. In the year of Christ 558. A very good Prince. He died in peace in the eleventh year of his reign. 48 Kinnatillus succeeded to his brother Congallus the second, in the year of the world, 4539. In the year of Christ, 569. A good Prince. He died in the first year of his reign. 49 Aidanus, son of Goranus, the forty fifth king, began to reign in the year of the world, 4540. In the year of Christ, 570. A godly and good Prince. He died in the five & thirtieth year of his reign. 50 Kenethus the first, surnamed Keir, Congallus the second his son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4575. In the year of Christ, 605. A peaceable Prince. He died in the first year of his reign. 51 Eugenius the fourth, son of Aidanus, began to reign in the year of the world, 4576. In the year of Christ, 606. A valiant and a good King. He died in the sixteenth year of his reign. 52 Ferquhard, or Ferchard 1. succeeded to his father Eugenius the 4. in the year of the world, 4591. In the year of Christ, 621. A bloody tyrant. He slew himself in the prison, whereinto he was put by the Nobles of his Realm, in the twelfth year of his reign. 53 Donald the fourth, succeeded to his brother Ferquhard the first, in the year of the world, 4602. In the year of Christ, 632. He was a good and religious King. He was drowned in the water of Tay, while he was fishing, in the fourteenth year of his reign. 54 Ferquhard, or Ferchard 2. succeeded to his brother Donald the 4. in the year of the world, 4616. In the year of Christ, 646. A very wicked man. He was bitten by a Wolf in hunting: of the which ensued a Fever, whereof he died in the 18. year of his reign. 55 Malduine, son to Donald the fourth, began to reign in the year of the world, 4634. In the year of Christ, 664. A good Prince, strangled by his wife, who suspected him of adultery, in the twentieth year of his reign. She was therefore burned. 56 Eugenius the fifth, Malduine his brother's son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4654. In the year of Christ, 684. A false Prince, slain by the Picts in battle, in the fourth year of his reign. 57 Eugenius the sixth, son to Ferquhard the second, began to reign in the year of the world, 4658. in the year of Christ, 688. A good Prince. He died in peace in the tenth year of his reign. 58 Ambirkelethus, son of Findanus, son of Eugenius the fifth, began to reign in the year of the world, 4667. In the year of Christ, 697. He was a vicious Prince, and was slain by the shot of an arrow in the second year of his reign. The shooter thereof is unknown or set out in history. 59 Eugenius the seventh succeeded to his brother Ambirkelethus, in the year of the world, 4669. In the year of Christ, 699. He died in peace in the seventeenth year of his reign. A good Prince. 60 Mordacus, Ambirkelethus son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4685. In the year of Christ, 715. A good Prince. He died in the sixteenth year of his reign. 61 Etfinus, Eugenius the seventh his son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4700. In the year of Christ, 730. He died in peace in the one and thirtieth year of his reign. 62 Eugenius the eight, Mordacus son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4771. In the year of Christ, 761. A good Prince in the beginning of his reign: and then after, degenerating from his good life, he was slain by his Nobles in the third year of his reign. 63 Fergus the third, Etfinus son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4734. In the year of Christ, 764. A lecherous Prince, poisoned by his wife in the third year of his reign. 64 Soluathius, Eugenius the eight his son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4737. In the year of Christ, 767. A good Prince. He died in peace in the twentieth year of his reign. 65 Achaius, Etfinus son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4757. In the year of Christ, 787. A peaceable, good and godly Prince. He made a league with Charles the great Emperor, and King of France, which remaineth inviolably kept to this day. He died in the two and thirtieth year of his reign. 66 Congallus, or Conuallus, Achaius fathers brother's son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4789. In the year of Christ, 819. A good Prince. He died in the fifth year of his reign. 67 Dongallus, Soluathius son, succeeded in the year of the world, 4794. In the year of Christ, 824. A valiant and good Prince. He was drowned, coming over the river of Spey, to war against the Picts, in the seventh year of his reign. 68 Alpinus, Achaius son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4801. In the year of Christ, 831. A good Prince. He was taken in battle, and beheaded by the Picts, in the third year of his reign. 69 Kenneth the second, surnamed the Great, succeeded to his father Alpinus, in the year of the world, 4804. In the year of Christ, 834. A good and a valiant Prince. He utterly overthrew the Picts in divers battles, expelled them out of the land, and joined the kingdom of the Picts to the Crown of Scotland. He died in peace, in the twentieth year of his reign. 70 Donald the fifth, succeeded to his brother Kenneth the second, in the year of the world, 4824. In the year of Christ, 854. A wicked Prince. He slew himself in the fifth year of his reign. 71 Constantine the second, son of Kenneth the second, began to reign in the year of the world, 4829. In the year of Christ, 859. A valiant Prince. He was slain by the Danes in a battle, stricken at Carraill in Fife, in the sixteenth year of his reign. 72 Ethus, surnamed Alipes, the son of Constantine the second, succeeded to his father in the year of the world, 4844. In the year of Christ, 874. A vicious prince. He was imprisoned by his Nobles, where he died in the second year of his reign. 73 Gregory, surnamed the Great, son of Dongallus the second, began to reign in the year of the world, 4846. In the year of Christ, 876. A Prince valiant, victorious & renowned through the world in his time; he died in peace in the eightteenth year of his reign. 74 Donald the sixth, son of Constantine the second, began to reign in the year of the world, 4863. In the year of Christ 893. A valiant Prince. He died in peace, being loved of his subjects, in the eleventh year of his reign. 75 Constantine the third, son of Ethus, surnamed Alipes. began to reign in the year of the world, 4874. In the year of Christ, 904. He was a valiant King, yet he prospered not in his wars against England, and therefore being weary of his life, he became a Monk, and died after he had reigned forty years as King. 76 Malcolm the first, son of Donald the sixth, began to reign in the year of the world, 4913. In the year of Christ, 943. A valiant Prince, and a good justiciar, or Executor of justice. He was slain in Murray, by a conspiracy of his own subjects, in the ninth year of his reign. 77 Indulfus, son of Constantine the third, began to reign in the year of the world, 4922. In the year of Christ. 952. A valiant and a good Prince. He had many battles with the Danes, whom he overcame; but in the end he was slain by them in a stratagem of war, in the ninth year of his reign. 78 Duffus, the son of Malcolm the first, began to reign in the year of the world, 4931. In the year of Christ, 961. A good Prince, and a severe justiciar, or Executor of justice. He was slain by one Donald at Forres in Murray, and was buried secretly under the bridge of a river beside Kinlosse; but the matter was revealed, and the murderer and his wife that consented thereto, severely punished. He reigned five years. 79 Culenus, Indulfus son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4936. In the year of Christ, 966. A vicious and effeminate Prince. He was slain at Methuen, by Radardus, a Noble man (whose daughter he had defiled) in the fourth year of his reign. 80 Kenneth the third, Duffus brother, began to reign in the year of the world, 4940. In the year of Christ, 970. A valiant and a wise Prince: but in the end he became cruel, and slew Malcolm his brother's son: and in God's judgement, who suffereth not innocent blood to be unpunished, he was slain, as some say, by a shaft or arrow, shot by a device or sleight, out of an image fixed in a wall, at Fetticarne, by the means of a Noble woman there, called Fenella, in the four and twentieth year of his reign. 81 Constantine the fourth, surnamed Calvus, Culenus son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4964. In the year of Christ, 994. An usurper of the Crown. He was slain in battle, at the town of Crawmond in Lothian, in the second year of his reign. 82 Grimus, Duffus son, began to reign in the year of the world, 4966. in the year of Christ, 996. A vicious Prince. He was slain in battle by Malcolm the second, his successor, in the eighth year of his reign. 83 Malcolm the second, son of Kenneth the third, began to reign in the year of the world, 4974. In the year of Christ, 1004. A valiant and a wise Prince, who made many good laws, of the which a few are yet extant. He was slain by a conspiracy of his Nobles at the Castle of Glammes, who after the slaughter, thinking to escape, were drowned in the water of Forfar: for it being winter, and the water frozen and covered with Snow, the Ice broke, and they fell in, in the righteous judgement of God. He reigned thirty years. Some write, that after a great victory in battle, he did give much of his lands to his Nobles, and they agreed that he should therefore have the wardship and custody of their heirs, as long as they were under the age of one and twenty years, and the profits of all their lands, over and above their charges for education, and the disposing of them in marriage, and the money that should be given for their marriage: And that he first did give unto his Nobles sundry several titles of honour. Which wardships, marriages, times of full age, and reliefs, and manner of Liveries of their lands out of the King's hands, be in Scotland, very much agreeing to the Laws of England, as many other parts of the Laws do. 84 Duncane the first, son of Beatrix, daughter of Malcolm the second, began to reign in the year of the world, 5004. In the year of Christ, 1034. A good and a modest Prince. He was slain by Macbeth traitorously, in the sixth year of his reign. 85 Macbeth, son of Dovada, daughter of Malcolm the second, began to reign in the year of the world, 5010. In the year of Christ, 1040. In the beginning of his reign he behaved himself as a good and just Prince, but after, he degenerated into a cruel Tyrant. He was slain in battle by his Successor Malcolm the third, in the seventeenth year of his reign. 86 Malcolm the third, surnamed Cammoir, son of Duncane the first, began to reign in the year of the world, 5027. In the year of Christ, 1057. A very religious and valiant Prince: he married Margaret, daughter to Edward surnamed the Outlaw, son to Edward surnamed Yronside, King of England, a very good and religious woman, according to those times, who bore unto him six sons and two daughters. The sons were Edward the Prince, Edmond, Etheldred, Edgar, Alexander, David: the daughters were Mathildis or Maud, surnamed Bona, wife to Henry the first, surnamed Beauclearke, King of England, the son of William the Conqueror of England: of her virtues there is extant this old Epigram: Prospera non laetam fecêre, nec aspera tristem; Prospera terror ei, aspera risus erant: Non decor effecit fragilem, non sceptra superbam; Sola potens humilis, sola pudica decens. That is: Prosperity rejoiced her not, to her grief was no pain; Prosperity affrayed her alas, affliction was her gain: Her beauty was no cause of fall, in royal state not proud; Humble alone in dignity, in beauty only good. She founded the Church of Carleill. The other daughter was Marie, wife to Eustathius Earl of Boulogne. King Malcolm builded the Churches of Durehame and Dumfermeline. He was slain with his son the Prince Edward, in the six and thirtieth year of his reign, at the besieging of Anwicke, by Robert Mowbray, surnamed Pearce-eie, and was buried at Tinmouth; but after, he was removed to Dumfermeline. 87 Donald the seventh, surnamed Bane, usurped the crown after the death of his brother, in the year of the world, 5063. In the year of Christ, 1093. and was expelled in the first year of his reign, by Duncane the second, the bastard son of King Malcolm the third. 88 Duncane the second, usurped the Crown, in the year of the world, 5064, in the year of Christ, 1094. A rash and foolish Prince. He was slain by Makpendir the Thane or Earl of the Meirnes, when he had reigned little over a year, by the procurement of Donald the seventh. Donald the seventh, made King again in the year of the world, 5065. In the year of Christ, 1095. And reigned three years. He gave the West and North Isles to the King of Norway, for to assist him to attain to the Crown of Scotland. He was taken captive by Edgar, his eyes put out, and died miserably in prison. 89 Edgar, the son of Malcolm the third, began to reign in the year of the world, 5068. In the year of Christ, 1098. He builded the Priory of Coldingham. He was a good Prince. He died at Dundie without succession, and was buried at Dumfermeline, in the ninth year of his reign. 90 Alexander the first, surnamed Fierce, succeeded to his brother, in the year of the world, 5077. In the year of Christ, 1107. A very good and valiant Prince. He builded the Abbacies of Scone and of Saint Colmes-Inche. He married Sibylla, daughter to William Duke of Normandy, etc. He died in peace, without succession, at Striuiling, in the 17 year of his reign, and was buried at Dumfermeline. 91 David the first, commonly called S. David, the youngest son of King Malcolm the third, succeeded to his brother in the year of the world, 5094. In the year of Christ, 1124. A good, valiant and religious Prince, according to those times. He builded many Abbacies, as Halyrudehouse, Kelso, jedburgh, Dun-dranan, Cambus-kenneth, Kinlosse, Melrosse, New-bottle, Dumfermeline, Holme in Cumberland, and two religious places at New castle in Northumberland. He erected four Bishoprics, Rosse, Brechin, Dumblane and Dunkeld. He married Maude, daughter of Woldeofus Earl of Northumberland and Huntingdon, and of juditha, daughter's daughter to William the Conqueror, King of England, by whom he had one son named Henry, a worthy and good youth, who married Adama, daughter to William Earl Warren, who bore unto him three sons, Malcolm the Maiden, William the Lion, and David Earl of Huntingdon, and two daughters, Adama wife to Florentius Earl of Holland, and Margaret wife to Conanus Duke of Britain. He died before his father. S. David died in peace at Carleill, in the 29 year of his reign, and was buried at Dumfermeline. 92 Malcolm the fourth, surnamed the Maiden (because he would never marry) succeeded to his grandfather David 1. in the year of the world, 5123. In the year of Christ, 1153. A good and meek Prince. He builded the abbey of Cowper in Angus, and died at jed-burgh, and was buried at Dumfermeline in the twelfth year of his reign. 93 William, surnamed the Lion, succeeded to his brother Malcolm the fourth, in the year of the world 5135. In the year of Christ, 1165. A good and a valiant King. He married Emergarda, daughter to the Earl of Beaumount. He builded the Abbacy of Aberbrothok, and she builded the abbacy of Balmerinoch. He died at Striuiling in the 49. year of his reign, and was buried at Aber-brothok. 94 Alexander the second succeeded to his father William, in the year of the world, 5184. In the year of Christ, 1214. A good Prince. He married Ieane, daughter to john, King of England, by whom he had no succession. After her death he married Marie, daughter to Ingelrame, Earl of Coucey in France, by whom he had Alexander the third. He died at Kernery in the West Iles, and was buried at Melrosse in the 35. year of his reign. 95 Alexander the third succeeded to his father, in the year of the world, 5219. In the year of Christ, 1249. A good Prince. He married first Margaret, daughter to Henry the third, King of England, by whom he had Alexander the Prince, who married the Earl of Flanders daughter, David & Margaret, who married Hangonanus, or as some call him, Fricus, son to Magnus 4. King of Norway, who bore to him a daughter, named Margaret, commonly called, The Maiden of Norway, in whom King William his whole posterity failed, & the crown of Scotland returned to the posterity of David Earl of Huntingdon, K. Malcome 4. and King William his brother. After his sons death (for they died before himself without succession) in hope of posterity, he married joleta, daughter to the Earl of Dreux in France, by whom he had no succession. He builded the cross Church of Peibles. He died of a fall from his horse, upon the sands, betwixt Easter and Wester Kinghorne, in the 37. year of his reign, and was buried at Dumfermeline. After the death of Alexander the third, which was in the year of the world, 5255. In the year of Christ, 1285. there were six Regent's appointed to rule Scotland: for the South side of Forth, were appointed Robert, the Archbishop of Glasgowe, john Cummin, & john the great Steward of Scotland. For the North side of Forth, Makduffe, Ear of Fife, john Cummin Earl of Buchan, and William Fraser, Archbishop of Saint Andrew's, who ruled the land about the space of seven years, until the controversy was decided betwixt john Ballioll and Robert bruise, Grandfather to Robert bruise the King of Scotland, who did come of the two eldest daughters of David Earl of Huntingdon: for Henry Hastings, who married the youngest daughter, put not in his suit or claim with the rest, and therefore there is little spoken of him. 96 john Ballioll was preferred before Robert bruise, to be King of Scotland, by Edward 1. surnamed Longshanks, King of England, who was chosen to be the judge of the controversy: which preferment was upon a condition, that john Ballioll should acknowledge King Edward the first, as superior: which condition he received. He began his reign in the year of the world, 5263. In the year of Christ, 1293. He was a vainglorious man, little respecting the weal or Commonwealth of his Country. He had not reigned fully four years, when he was expelled by the said Edward the first, King of England: and leaving Scotland, he departed into the parts of France, where he died long after in exile. And so Scotland was without a King and government the space of nine years: during which space, the said Edward the first, surnamed Longshanks, cruelly oppressed the land, destroyed the whole ancient monuments of the kingdom, and shed much innocent blood. 97 Robert bruise began to reign in the year of the world, 5276. In the year of Christ, 1306. A valiant, good and wise King. In the beginning of his reign, he was subject to great misery and affliction, being oppressed by England: but at length, having overcome and vanquished Edward the second, King of England, commonly called Edward of Carnarvan, at the field of Bannock-burne, he delivered Scotland from the wars of England, and set it at full liberty, all Englishmen by force being expelled out of the land. He married first Isabel, daughter to the Earl of Mar, who bore unto him Mariory, the wife of Walter, the great steward of Scotland, from whom, and the offspring of the Stewards, the King now ruling is descended. After her death, he married Isabel, daughter to Haymerus de Burc, Earl of Hultonia or Hulster in Ireland, who bore unto him David the second, Margaret the Countess of Sutherland, and Maude that died young. He died at Cardros, and was buried at Dumfermeline, in the four and twentieth year of his reign. 98 David the second succeeded to his father, Robert Bruise, in the year of the world, 5300. In the year of Christ, 1330. A good Prince, subject to much affliction in his youth, being first after the death of Thomas Ranulph his Regent, forced to fly into France, for his own safeguard, and then returning home, was taken at the battle of Durhame, and was holden twelve years almost, captive in England: but after, he was restored to his liberty. He married first Ieane, daughter to Edward the second, King of England: and after her death, he married Margaret Logie, daughter to Sir john Logie, Knight, & died without succession at Edinburgh, in the fortieth year of his reign, and was buried at Halyrudehouse. 99 Edward Ballioll, son to john Ballioll, usurped the crown of Scotland, being assisted by Edward the third, King of England, in the year of the world, 5302. In the year of Christ 1332 But he was expelled at length by David the 2. his Regent, and David the second established King. 100 Robert the second, surnamed Bleare-eie, the first of the Stewards, son to Walter Steward, and Margery bruise, daughter to K. Robert bruise, succeeded to his mother's brother, in the year of the world, 5341. In the year of Christ, 1371. A good and a peaceable Prince. He married first Eufem●, daughter to Hugh Earl of Rosse, who bore unto him David Earl of Strathern, Walter Earl of Athol, and Alexander Earl of Buchan, Lord Badzenoth. After her death, for the affection he bore to his children begotten before his first marriage, he married Elizabeth Mure, daughter to Sir Adam Mure, Knight, who had borne unto him john, after called Robert the third, Earl of Carrict, Robert Earl of Fife & Menteith, and Eufeme, wife to james Earl of Dowglas. He died at Dun-donald the 19 year of his reign, and was buried at Scone. 101 Robert the third, surnamed john Farne-zeir, succeeded to his father, in the year of the world, 5360. In the year of Christ. 1390. A quiet & a peaceable Prince. He married Anabel Drummond, daughter to the Laird of Stobhall, who bore unto him David the Prince, D. of Rothesay, that died in prison of very extreme famine at Falkland, and james 1. taken captive in his voyage to France, and detained a captive almost the space of eighteen years in England. He died of grief and sorrow at Rothesay, when he heard of the death of the one son, and captivity of the other, and was buried at Paisly, in the 16 year of his reign. Robert Earl of Fife and Menteith governed Scotland, in the year of the world, 5376. In the year of Christ. 1406. He died in the 14 year of his government, james the first being a captive in England. Murdo Steward succeeded to his father Robert Earl of Fife, in the government of Scotland, in the year of the world 5390. In the year of Christ, 1420, and ruled four years, james the first being yet a captive in England. Both the father and the son Walter, were executed after, for oppression of the subjects, by King james the first. 102 james the first began to reign in the year of the world, 5394. In the year of Christ, 1424. He was a good, learned, virtuous and just Prince. He married Ieane, daughter to john Duke of Summerset & Marques Dorset, son to john of Gaunt, the 4. son to Edward the 3. the victorious King of England: who bore unto him, james the 2. and six daughters, Margaret wife to Lewes the 11. the Dauphin, after King of France, Elizabeth, Duchess of Britain, Ieane, Countess of Huntley, Eleanor, Duchess of Austria, Marie, wife to the L. of Camp veer, and Anabella. He was slain at Perth traitorously by Walter Earl of Athole, and Robert Grahame, & their Confederates, in the 31. year of his reign, if we count from the death of his father; and in the 13. year, if we count from his deliverance out of England, and was buried at the Charter house of Perth, which he builded. 103 james the second succeeded to his father, in the year of the word, 5407. In the year of Christ, 1437. A Prince subject to great troubles in his youth, He married Mary, daughter to Arnold, Duke of Geldre, daughter to the sister of Charles surnamed Audax, the last Duke of Burgundy, etc. who bore unto him three sons, james the third, john Earl of Mar, Alexander Duke of Albany, & Mary, wife first to Thomas Boyde, Earl of Arrane, and after his beheading, to james Hamilton of Cadzou. He was slain at the siege of Roxburgh in the 24 year of his reign. 104 james the third succeeded to his father in the year of the world, 5430. In the year of Christ, 1460. A Prince corrupted by wicked Courtiers. He married Margaret, daughter to Christianus 1. surnamed Dives K. of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. He was slain at the field of Bannock-burne, in the 29 year of his reign, & was buried at Cambus-kenneth. 105 james the fourth succeeded to his father, in the year of the world 5459. In the year of Christ 1489. A noble and courageous Prince. He married Margaret, eldest daughter to Henry Earl of Richmond, King of England, and of Elizabeth, daughter to Edward 4. K. of England, in whose two persons, the two houses of Lancaster and York were united, and the bloody civil wars of England pacified. He was slain at Flowdon by England, in the 25 year of his reign. 106 james the fifth succeeded to his father in the year of the world, 5484. In the year of Christ, 1514. A just Prince and severe. He married first Magdalene, daughter to Frances 1. King of France, who died shortly thereafter without succession. After, he married Mary of Lorraine, Duchess of Longevile, daughter to claud, Duke of Guise, who bore to him two sons, that died in his life time, and one daughter, named Mary, mother to our Sovereign Lord the King james that now is. He died at Falkland, in the 29 year of his reign. He was buried at Halyrudehouse. 107 Mary succeeded to her father james 5. Anno mundi, 5513. Anno Christi. 1543, a virtuous princess: she married first Frances 2. Dolphin, after King of France: then after his death, returning home into Scotland, she married H. Stewart Duke of Albany etc. Lord Darley, son to Matthew, Earl of Lennox, (a comely Prince, Pronepnoy son, the daughter's daughter of Henry the seventh, King of England) to whom she did bear james the sixth. She was put to death in England the eighth of Febr. after eighteen years captivity. 108 james the sixth, a good, godly and learned Prince, succeeded to his mother in the year of the world, 5537. In the year of Christ, 1567. He married Anna, daughter to Frederick the second, King of Denmark, etc. and Sophia, the daughter of Vlricus the Duke of Mekelburgh, who hath borne unto him already, Henry Frederick the Prince, the nineteenth of February, 1593. And Elizabeth, the nineteenth of August, 1596. Margaret, 1598., the 24 of December. Charles, D. of Rosay, the 19 of February. He is now in this year of our Lord jesus Christ 1603. not only King of Scotland where he hath reigned 36 years, but also King of England, France and Ireland, after the decease of our late most gracious Sovereign Lady, Elizabeth our Queen, who died the 24 of March now last passed. Miracano: Soloccubuit, nox nulla secuta est. FINIS. THE EARLS OF SCOTLAND, THEIR SURNAMES, TITLES OF HONOUR, THEIR marriages, and names of their chief houses. Lodovic Steward, Duke of Lennox, married the second sister of john Ruthvene, Earl of Gowry that now is. His chief house, Cruikstone. EARLS. IAmes Hamilton, Earl of Arran, unmarried: His chief house, Hamilton Castle. 2 William Douglasse, Earl of Angusse, married the eldest daughter of Laurence, now Lord Elephant: his chief house, the Castle of Douglasse. 3 George Gordon, Earl of Huntley, married the eldest sister of Lodovick, now D. of Lennox, his chief house Strath-bogy. 4 Colene Camphell, Earl of Argyle, Lord justice general of Scotland, married a daughter of William Douglas, now earl of Morton: his chief house, Inuer-aray. 5 David Lyndesay, Earl of Crawfurd, married the sister of Patrick, now Lord Drummond: his chief house Fyn-heavin. 6 Francis Hay, Earl of Arroll, Constable of Scotland, married the daughter of William, Earl of Morton: his chief house, Slaynes. 7 john Stewart, Earl of Athol, married the sister of john, Earl of Gowry, his chief house, Blayre-Athole. 8 George Keyth, Earl of Marshell, married the sister of Alexander, Lord Home, his chief house, Dunnotter Castle. 9 Francis Steward, Earl Bothwell, married the sister of Archbald, Earl of Angus: his chief house, Creichton. 10 Andrew Leisly, Earl of Rothes, married the daughter of Sir james Hamilton: his chief house, Bambreich. 11 james Stewart, Earl of Murrey, unmarried: his chief house, Tarneway. 12 Alexander Cunningham, Earl of Glencarne, married the eldest sister of Camphell of Glonorchy, Knight: his chief house, Kilmawres. 13 Hugh Mont-gomery, Earl of Eglinton, young, unmarried: his chief house, Ardrostan. 14 john Kenedy, Earl of Cassils, unmarried: his chief house, Dun-ure. 15 john Grahame, Earl of Montroze, married the sister of Patrick, Lord Drummond that now is: his chief house, Kincardin. 16 Patrick Stewart, Earl of Orknay, young, unmarried: his chief house, Kirk-wall. 17 john Erskin, Earl of Mar, married the second sister of Lodovicke, now Duke of Lennox: his chief house, Erskin. 18 William Douglas, Earl of Morton, married the sister of the Earl of Rothes that now is: his chief house, The Castle of Dalkeith. 19 james Douglas, Earl of Buquhan, young, unmarried: his chief house, Auchter-house. 20 George Sincler, Earl of Caithnes, married the sister of the Earl of Huntly that now is: his chief house, Girnego. 21 Alexander Gordon, Earl of Sutherland, married the father's sister of the Earl of Huntly that now is: his chief house, Dunrobene. 22 john Grayme, Earl of Monteith, married the sister of Campbel of Glenorchy, Knight: his chief house, Kirk-bryde. 23 john Ruthvene, Earl of Gowry, young, unmarried: his chief house, Ruthven. 24 The Earl of March. The rents thereof are annexed to the Crown. THE LORDS OF SCOTLAND. ALexander, Lord Home, married the eldest daughter of William, Earl of Morton that now is: his chief house, Home Castle. 2 john Fleming, Lord Fleming, married the daughter of the Earl of Montroze: his chief house Cummernauld. 3 john Stewart, Lord Innermaith, young: His chief house, Red Castle. 4 james Hay, Lord Zester, married the daughter of Mark, now L. of Newbottle: his chief house, Neydpeth. 5 john Maxwell, L. Maxwell, married the sister of Archebald, Earl of Angusse: his chief house, Loch-maben. 6 William Maxwell, now L. Harreis, married the sister of Mark, now L. of Newbottle: his chief house, Terreglis. 7 Thomas Boyd, L. Boyd, married the sister of the Sheriff of Aëre that now is, called campbel, Knight of Lothiane: his chief house, Kilmarnok. 8 Allane Cathcart, L. Cathcart, married the sister of the Knight of Bargany a Kennedy: his chief house Cathcart. 9 Robert Semple, L. Semple, married the daughter of Hugh, Earl of Eglinton: His chief house, Castle-Semple. 10 Alexander Levingston, L. Levingston, married the sister of Francis, now Earl of Arrol: his chief house, Callender. 11 james Lyndesay, L. Lyndesay, married the daughter of the Earl of Rothes: his chief house, Byris in Lothien. 12 Robert Seyton. L. Seyton, married the daughter of Hugh Earl of Eglinton: his chief house, Seyton by the Sea. 13 john Abirnethie, Lord Salton, young, unmarried: his chief house, Rothemay. 14 Robert Elpheston, L. Elpheston, married the daughter of the Knight of Stobhall, called Drummond: his chief house Kil-drymmy. 15 john Lion, L. Glammis, unmarried: his chief house Glammis. 16 Patrick Grace, L. Grace, married the sister of the Earl of Orknay that now is: his chief house, Fowlis. 17 james Ogilbie, L. Ogilbie, married the sister of the Knight of Bonitoun: his chief house, Boshayne. 18 Andrew Stewart, Lord Ochiltrie, married the daughter of the Knight of Blarwhan, called Kennedy: his chief house, Ochiltry. 19 Henry Sincler, Lold Sincler, married the sister of the Lord Forbesse: his chief house, Ravins-heuch. 20 Hugh Someruell, Lord Someruell, unmarried: his chief house Carne-wath. 21 john Fraser, Lord Lovat, married the Knight of Mackenzies daughter: his chief house, Bewly. 22 Robert Rosse, Lord Rosse, married the daughter of Hamilton of Roploch: his chief house, Hakket. 23 Robert Chreichton, Lord Sanquhar, unmarried: his chief house, The Castle of Sanquhar. 24 Laurence Elephant, Lord Elephant, married the father's sister of Frances now Earl of Arrol: his chief house, Duplene. 25 Patrick Lord Drummond, married the Knight of Edgles sister, called Lynsay: his chief house Drymmen. 26 john Forbes, Lord Forbes, married the sister of Seyton of Towch: his chief house, Drummenor. 27 james Borthuike, Lord Borthuike, married the sister of the Lord Zester that now is: his chief house, Borthuike Castle. Lordships newly erected, since the year 1587. 28 IOhn Maitland, Lord Thirlestane, Chancellor of Scotland, married the father's sister of the Lord Fleming that now is: his chief house, The Castle of Lawder. 29 Alexander Lindesay, Lord Spyny, married the daughter of john, Lord Glammisse, Chancellor for the time of Scotland: his chief house, the Castle of Spyny. 30 Claud Hamilton, Lord Paisly, married the sister of Robert, Lord Seyton that now is: his chief house, Halsyde. 31 Robert Keyth, Lord Altry, married the heretix of Benholme: his chief house Benholme. 32 Alexander Seyton, Lord Vrquhard, Precedent of the College of justice, married the daughter of Patrick, Lord Drummond: his chief house, Vrquhard. 33 Mark, Lord of Newbottell, married the sister of the Lord Harreis: his chief house, Preistons-graing. The Bishoricks of Scotland. archbishops. Saint Andrew's. archbishops. Glasgow. Orknay. Caithnes. Rosse. Murray. Aberdeen. Brechin. Ilis. Dunkell. Dumblane. Galloway. Argyle. THE ABBACIES, PRIORIES, and Nunneries of Scotland. Abbacies. FErne. Kinlosse. Deir. Abirbrothok. Cowper. Scoone's. Lundores. Balmerynnoch. S. Colmes inch. Dunfermeling. Culrosse. Inchechaffray. Straphillane. Cambuskinneth. Manwell. Hallyrud-house. Newbottle. Kelso. Melrosse. Dryburgh. jedburgh. Paislay. Kilwinning. Corsragwel. Salsett. Sweetheart, or New abbey. Dundranane. Glenluce. Priories. Bewly. Monimuske. S. Andrew's. Pettenweeme. Portmooke. Inche-mahomo. Coldinghame. S. Mary I'll. Haly-wood. Blantyre. Pluscarden. Nunneries. Hadington. North Berwick. S. Bothanis. Ekkillis. Cauldstreame. The sisters of Seynis. THE NAMES OF THE KNIGHTS OF SCOTLAND. SIR Robert Stewart of Straichtdone, knight. Sir Robert Stewart of Largesse, knight. Sir Alexander Stewart of Dalswintone, knight. Sir james Stewart of Done, knight. Sir William Murrey of Tillibarne knight. Sir William Douglas of Hawyk, knight. Sir Patrick Houstone of that ilk, knight. Sir john Maxwell of neither Povok, knight. Sir William Levingstone of Kylsith, knight. Sir john Muir of Cauldwoll, knight. Sir Robert Drummond of Carnoch, knight. Sir james Home of Sunlawis, knight. Sir james Streveling of Keir, knight. Sir William Ruthuene of Bandane, knight. Sir Hugh Someruell of Lynton, knight. Sir Alexander Stewart of Garleis, knight. Sir john Gourdoun of Lochinuar, knight. Sir james Wemis of that ilk, knight. Sir Walter Scot of Branxholme, knight. Sir Patrick Hepbrowne of Lufnes knight. Sir Simon Prestoun of that ilk, knight. Sir David Holme of Wedderburne, knight. Sir Robert Lawder of Popell, knight. Sir james Schaw of Sawquhy, knight. Sir john Ed●●stou● of that ilk, knight. Sir William Sinclair of Roslyne, knight. Sir john Colhoune of the Lusse, knight. Sir james Cokburne of Skirlyne, knight. Sir Archebald Neper of Edinbelly, knight. Sir james Forrest of Corstarfin, knight. Sir james Dunbar of Mochrom, knight. Sir james Stewart of Cragihall, knight. Sir john Ormistoun of that ilk, knight. Sis Thomas Young of old Bar, knight. Sir john Carmichell of that ilk, knight. Sir john campbel of lavers, knight. Sir james johnstone of Dunwiddie, knight. Sir james Meluill of Auld-hill, knight. Sir Alexander Stewart of Garleis, knight. Sir Robert Ker of Sesford, knight. Sir Walter Scot of Brank-sholme, knight. Sir Thomas Kennedy of Cullaine, knight. Sir james Scrymgeor of Duddop, knight. Sir Duncane campbel of Glenorquhy, knight. Sir james Scot of Ballwery, knight. Sir Robert Gordoun of Glen, knight. Sir Patrick Gordoun of Auchindoun, knight. Sir George Ogilby of Dunbog, knight. Sir james Chesholme of Dundorne knight. Sir Matthew Stewart of Minto, knight. Sir George Balquhannan of that ilk, knight. Sir james Edmestoun of Duntreth, knight. Sir Alexander Home of Symbie, knight. Sir George Stewart of Innerketoun, knight. Sir David Lyndesay of Edgell, knight. Sir Thomas Stewart of Garntully knight, Sir Alexander Bruce of Arthe, knight. Sir Walter Ogilby of Finlater, knight. Sir Patrick Bannantine of Kna, knight. Sir john Meluill of Grantoun knight. Sir Andrew Murray Arngosk, knight. Sir Robert Meluill of Murdocarny, knight. Sir Robert Maxwell of Spottiss, knight. Sir john Maxwell of Nether-Pooke, knight. Sir Robert Maxwell of Dunwiddie, knight. Sir Richard Cokburne of Clerkingtoun, knight. Sir james Lyndesay of Pitroddy, knight. Sir Michael Balfoure of Balgaruy, knight. Sir Robert Meluill of Bruntyland, knight. Sir john Hamilton of Lethrisk, knight. Sir David Lyndesay of the Mont, knight. Sir George Home of Prymroknow, knight. Sir john Anstruther of that ilk, knight. Sir Hugh Carmichell of Westone, knight. Sir john Lyndesay of Wodheid, knight. Sir james Saundelands of Slammanno Mure, knight. Sir William Cokburne of Skeirling, knight. Sir john Kar of Hersell, knight. Sir Thomas Gourdoun of Clunie, knight. Sir john Gourdoun of Pitlurg, knight. Sir William Lawder of Haltoun, knight. Sir George Douglas, knight. Sir Andrew Stirling of Keir, knight. Sir William Stewart of Kaberstoun, knight. The oath of a Duke. Ye shall fortify and defend the true and Christian Religion, and Christ's holy evangel, presently preached in this Realm, and shall be leill and true to our Sovereign Lord, the King's Majesty: and shall defend his highness Realm & liege's, from all allieners & strangers, at the uttermost of your power: so help you God, and by the oath that ye have else made. The oath of an Earl. Ye shall fortify and defend the true & Christian Religion, & Christ's holy evangel presently preached in this Realm, and shallbe leill & true to our Sovereign Lord the King's Majesty: and shall defend his highness Realms and liege's from all allieners and strangers, at the uttermost of your power: so help you God, and by the oath that ye have else made. The oath of a Lord of Parliament. Ye shall give due and faithful counsel to our Sovereign Lord, the King's majesties weal, publicly in Parliament, as in all other places needful, and secretly according to your knowledge, for the preservation of his Realm, and Common weal thereof: And shall never hide nor conceal any point of treason or crime of Leismaieste, that shall appear to be conspired against his said Royal person, but shall incontinent with all possible diligence reveal the same: so help you God, and by the oath that ye have else made. The Oath of a Knight. 1 I Shall fortify and defend the Christian Religion, and Christ's holy evangel, presently preached in this Realm, to the uttermost of my power. 2 I shall be loyal and true to my Sovereign Lord, the King's Majesty, to all orders of Chievalry, and to the noble office of Arms. 3 I shall fortify and defend justice at my power, and that without favour or feud. 4 I shall never fly from my Sovereign Lord, the King's Majesty, nor from his highness Lieutenants in time of mellay and battle. 5 I shall defend my native Realm from all allieners and strangers. 6 I shall defend the just action and quarrel of all Ladies of Honour, of all true and friendless Widows, of Orphelings, and of maidens of good fame. 7 I shall do diligence wheresoever I hear there are any murderers, traitors, ormasterfull Reavers, that oppress the King's Liege's, and peure people, to bring them to the Law at my power. 8 I shall maintain and uphold the Noble estate of Chivalry, with Horse, Harness, and other knightly Habiliments: And shall help and succour them of the same order at my power, if they have need. 9 I shall inquire and seek to have the knowledge and understanding of all the Articles and points contained in the book of Chivalry. All these premises to observe, keep, and fulfil, I oblesse me: so help me, God, by mine own hand, so help me God, etc. THE NAMES OF THE BARONS, Lairds, and chief Gentlemen in every sheriffdom. Innernes. MAcloyd of the Lewis. Macloyd of Harrich. Donald Gormesoun. Mackneill of Barray. Mulcalloun of Rosay. john Mudzart captain of the Clanrannalts. The Laird of Glengarry. The L. of Kneydart. Mackenzie. L. of Garloche. L. of Balnagowne. L. of Fowls. Sheriff of Cromartie. Dumbeith. Forsse. Otansceale. Mackye. neil Huchesoun in assent. Macken-tosche. Captain of the Clanchaniroun. L. of Glenewes. Raynold Mack-raynald of Keppache. Narne. Laird of caddel. Baron of Kilrawake. L. of Park. Dolesse of Cantrey. Dolesse of Budzert. Elgin and Fores. The Sheriff of Murray. james Dumbar of Tarbert. Robert Dunbar of Grangehil, Alexander Dumbar of Kilboyake. The L. of Inns. The L. of Innermerkie. The L. of Duffus. Alexander Inns of Crumby. The L. of Brodie. The L. of Altrie. The L. of Densyde. The L. of Cowbin. L. of Pettendreigh, Douglas. The L. of Maine. The Baron of Vrtane. The L. of Grant. Patrick Grant of Ballindalloche. Bamff. The Laird of Findlator. The L. of Boyne. George Ogiluie of Dunlugus The L. of Durn. The L. of Ley, Abircromney. The L. of Ratie. The L. of Pettendreight, of that ilk. john Ogiluie of Glashanthe. Walter Ogiluie of Baldanie. Walter Ogil. of Carncowsies. john Ogil. of Auchannany. The L. of Auchannaquhy. Adame Gordon of Auchindowne. Alaster Gordon of Beldorny. Aberdeen. The Laird of Fyvie. Thomas Meldrum of Eden. The L. of Delgatie. The L. of Vrie. The L. of Petslégo. The L. of Fillórth. Troupee. The L. of Pettindrum. New forest. Mueske. The L. of Boquhollie. The L. of Towie. L, of Vdache. The L. of Garnestoun. The L. of Geych. The L. of Petlurge. The L. of Lesmoir. Craig of Achindoir. The L. of Abirgeldie. The L. of Clunie, Gordon. john Gordon of Carnborrowe. john Gordon of Anachie. Robert Gordon of Halhead. john Gordon of Kennartie. Alexander Gordon of Knoke-spak. George Gordon of Auchmenzie. Master William Gordon of Dulpersie. George Gordon of Creichie. The L. of Corfindá. The L. of Bruix. john Forbes of Towy. The L. of Corpse. The L. of Asslow●ne. The L. of Cragular. Master Duncane Forbes of Monimusk. john Forbes of Poffling. The L. of mickle Frasyre. The L. of Carndavie. The L. of Petféchie. The L. of Achinhoofe. The L. of Auchlossin. The L. of Cushuie. The L. of Skene. The L. of Thamestoun. The L. of Tulligownie. Patrick Gordon of Bracanch. The L. of Portestoun. The L. of Caskyben. Patrick Keyth of Harthill. William Keyth of Lyklyheid. The L. of Balquhane, Leslie. The L. of Warderis. The L. of Petcapill. The L. of Leslie. Andrew Leslie of new Leslie. Patrick Leslie of Kincragy. Alexander Leslie of Dyce. The L. of Glake. The L. of Meldrum. Seyton. The L. of Stralóth. The L. of Toquhone. The L. of Ondney. The L. of Essilmont. Cheyne. The L. of Arnaigé. The L. of Petmeddun. The L. of Dumbrek. The L. of Haddó. The L. of Tibbertie. The L. of Lesk. The L. of Feverne. The L. of Colestoun. The L. of Auchinhampers. The L. of Tullet. L. of Fendraucht, Creichton. The L. of Kelty. The L. of Coulter. The L. of Sanquhin. The L. of Echt. The L. of Glenkindy. The L. of Wattertoun. The L. of Tillemorgund. james, king of Barrauch. William Blakehall of Barrauch. The L. of Randeistoun. The L. of Gartly. The L. of Achmacoy. Kincardin or the Mernes. The Laird of Glenberuie, Douglas. The L. of Petarro, Wishert. The L. of Lawrestoun. The L. of Arbuthnot. The L. of Thornetoun, Balbegenot Wood The L. of Hakerton, Falconer, Kelhyll. Archibald Wood of witston. Robert Keith of Canterland. L. of Matheris. L. of Morphie. Allerdes. Balmayne. Bry. Halgreene. The L. of Muchales. Dulyward. Monbodo. Cair. The L. of Benholme. john Moncurre of Slaines. Forfaire. The L. of Dun. The L. of Balnamone. Colloss. The L. of Balzordy. The L. of Edzell, Lyndesay, The L. of Kinnaber. The L. of Craig, Keyth. The L. of Vllishaven. The L. of Dysert. Robert Guthré of Lownane. Andrew Grace of Donynad. Robert Guthré of Emblathmont. The L. of Bonnytoun. The L. of Kinnard●. Arrot. Auld-bar. L. of Guthré. Hilton. The L. of Kilcadrum. Halkerton Guthré. L. of Gardin. The L. of Lies. The L. of Kelly. The L. of Innerquharratie, Clovay. The L. of Balfour, Ogiluie. The L. of Powrie, Ogiluie. Duntrune The L. of Balumbrée. The L. of grange, Durham. Laws. Westhall. Strikmartine. L. of Teling. The L. of Lundie, campbel. The L. of Auchinlecke. The L. of Carmylie. Strathauchin of Claypots. Constable of Dundie, Skrimgore. The L. of Powrie, Fothringhame. The L. of Fintrie, Grayme. The L. of Claverhous, Grayme L. of Innernitie, Creichton. Andrew Grace of Lowrie. Brigtoun. Cossumes. Thorneton of that ilk. Lion of Wester, Ogyll. Fenton of Easter, Ogyll. The L. of Casse, Reynd. Melgund. Logywischert. L. of Drumkilbo, Tyrie. Duncany. Logie Mekle. Cowtie. Alexander Lindsay of Vain. David Lindesay of Barnyard. Kingany. Vnnaquhy. Gagy. Thomas Ogiluie of Westcraige. john Ogiluie of Innerkeillour. Archibald Ogiluy of Lawton. Balmly. The L. of Rossie of that ilke. Perth, and Stewartries of Stratherne and Monteith. The Laird of Petcur. The L. of Ruthuene. The L. of Banff, Ogiluie. George Creichton of Camnay The L. of Balgilbo. Gormotre. Ardblair. The L. of Drumlochie. George Drommond of Blair. The L. of Lethintree, Herring. Mekillour. Rettray of Craighall. L. of Murthlie, Abircrombie. The L. of Moncur. Inchesture. The L. of Inchemartyne. The L. of Kynnard. William Bruce of Fingask. Patrick Grace of Belligarnó. Patrick Drummond of Abirnethie. Euillilke. The L. of Kilspindie. Peter Hay of Moeginche. L. of Leyis. L. of Hill. Murey. Petfour. Segydéns. The L. of Kilfawnes, Lyndesay. The L. of Bathyóke, Blayre. The L. of Balhou●ie. The L. of Ballindayne. The L. of Cultmalondie. Moncreif of that ilk. Easter Monctreif. Baron of Fingask, Dundas. The L. of Cragie. Patrick Murray of Tibbermure. Tibbermallauch. Kinuaid. L. of Innernytie, Creichton. The L. Strathurde. Loncardie. L. of Glennurquhy, Campbel. The L. of Weym. The L. of Garntullie. The L. of Glenlyoun. Baron of Fandowy. L. Strowane, Robertson. Arntillie. Fastcalzé. Baron Read. Baron Ferguson. Baron Cunyson. Baron of Monnesse. Innermytie, Petcarne. Balmamo, Aflek. L. of Duncrub, Rolloc. L. of Keltie. L. of Tullibarden. L. of Abircarnie. Strowane. Patrick Murray of Auchtertyre. George Drummond of Ballot L. of Innerpeffré. john Drummond Coquholzé. Baron of Bordland, Drummond. L. of Perkellony, Drummond. Cultiuragane. L. of Comrie. Cromlix. L. of Laweris, campbel. Monyware. Monzé. Cultoquhay. Gorthie, Lundy. L. of Inchbrachy. L. of Keir. L. of Kippanrosse. L. of Knokhill. L. of Laeny. L of Glennegeiss, Haddan. Blair of Bagray. Alexander Ruthuen of Frélands. George Norrie of Boquhoppill. Fyfe. L. of Mukdrum. L. of Baluaird; Murray. L. of Casche. L. of Rossie. L. of Halhill, Meluill. john Arnot of Woodmill. L. of Perbroth, Seyton. L. of Culermie, Barclay. john Aiton of Drummure. L. of Creich, Betone. L. of Fairnaie. Sir Alexander Lindsay of the Mont, Lion King of Arms. Sir Robert Meluill of Murdocarnie. Francis Tullos of Hilcarnie. L. of Monquhany, Balfoure. L. of Nauchtane, Creichton. L. of Kenneir. L. of Forret. john Leslie of Parkhill. L. of Carselogie, Claypen. L. of Wilmerstoun. L. of Dersy, Learmont. Kembake. Brachmont, Nydie. L. of Sandfurde, Hay. L. of Sandfurde, Narne. David Balfoure of Kirktoun. Cullochie. L. of Erlishall, Bruce. L. of Reres, Forbesse. Alexander Inglis of Stratyrum. L. of Inglis Tarbet. Craighall. Patrick Kinninmont of Callinche. Blaebó. Lathóccar. Balfoure of Lambilaethame. kinkel. L. of Petmylie. L. of Ardrie, Lummisdayne. L. of Balcomye, Learmont. L. of Barnys. L. of Saegy. L. of Camnó. Randerstoun. L. Saint Monanes, Sandelands. L. of Anstruther. L. of Carruber. L. of Ardrós. Sanfurd, Dudingstoun. Gordonishall. L. of Balkaskie, Strang. L. of Largo, Wooed. Kincraig. Giblestoun. Innerdevat. L. of Lundie, Lundie. L. of Durie, Durie. L. of Bafoure, Beton. L. of Balgonie. L. of Lorrie, Wardlaw. Further, Petcarne. Kirkfurther. Peter Balfoure of Bandone. L. of Cletty, Ramsay. Gondlane. L. of Ramornie. Lathriske. Orky. William Skringeour of the mires. Arnot. Stratherney. Auchmowtie. L. of Easter Wemes, Coluill. L. of Wester Wemes, Weymes. L. of Abats Hall, Scot L. of Raith, Meluill. L. of Balwerie, Scot L. of Bamowtow, Boswell. L. of Seyfeild. Orroke. john Beton of Capildrá. Balram. Walter Lesly of Otterstoun. Aytoun. Martyme. L. of Pettincreif. L. of Petfirrane. L. of Rossythe, Stewart. L. of Dowhill. L. of Cleische, Coluill. Kinrosse. L. of Lochleven, Douglas. L. of Burlie, Balfoure. Clackmannan. L. of Clackmannan, Bruce. L. of Tulliallane, Blacater. L. of Sawchy. Bruce of Kennet. L. of Manner. Striuiling. L. of Garden. L. of Arthe, Bruce. L. of Carnoke, Drummond. L. of Carnoke, Bruce. L. of Plean. Goodman of Kersie. Goodman of Throske. Archibald Bruce of Powfowles. David Bruce of Kinnaird. Thomas Bruce of Barbarschels'. M. David Rollok of Powes. L. of Skemure. L. of Dennevay. L. of Donipace, Levingston. L. of Haning. L. of Pentasken. L. of Castelcarie. L. of Kerss, Monteith. L. of Polmaiss. L. of Towch, Seyton. L. of Leckie. L. of Gargunnoke, Seyton. L. of Randifurde. john Buchannan of Arnpriour. john Shaw of Broiche. Linlithgow. Sheriff of Linlithgow, Hamilton. L. of Dundas, Dundas. L. of Cragiehall, Stewart. L. of Barnebowgal, Mowbray. james Dundas of Newliston. Alexander Drummond of Medope. Robert Hamilton of Inchmachane. Mungo Hamilton of Pardonen. john Hamilton of the grange. L. of Ballinhard, Cornwell. L. of Ricarton, Hepburne. Durhame of Duntervie. Bathcart, Hamilton. Edinburgh principal. L. of Cawder, sandeland's. L. of Halton, Lawder. L. of Pumphraston, Dowglass. Hirdmanschelis. L. Barbachlaw, Cochran. Lennox. L. of Stanypéth. L. of Dalmohoy. L. of Ricarton, Drummond. L. of Currihill, Wardlaw. L. of Colingtoun, Fowlis. L. of Reidhall, Otterburne. L. of Cowmistoun, Fairlie. L. of Costorphin, Foster. L. of Brade, Fairlie. L. of Marchistoun, Neper. L. of Innerleith, Towris. L. of Laureistoun of that ilk. L. of Pilrig, Monipenie. L. of Restalrig, Logane. L. of Cragmiller, Preston. L. of Edmiston of that ilk. L. of Nuderie, Wachop. Hill of that ilk. L. Brunstoun, Creichton. Edmeston of Wowmet. Hay of Mounktoun. L. Shiref-hall, Gyffert. L. of Langton. Bellendyne of Leswade. L. of Dalhousie, Ramsay. L. Kokpen, Ramsay. Whytehill, Preston. Poultoun. L. of Rosling, Sincler. L. of Pennicuke of that ilk. L. Newhall, Creichton. L. Southhouse. Elphingston of Schank. Constabularie of Haddington. L. Fawsyde of that ilk. L. Elphingston, johnstone. L. Prestoun, Hamilton. L. of Langnederie, Douglas. L. of Ormestoun, Cokburne. L. of Hirmedstoun. L. of Blansse. L. of Samelstoun, Hamilton. L. of Newtoun. L. Newhall, Cockburne. L. of Clerkintoun, Cockburne. L. of Colstoun. L. of Talló, Hay. L. of Benestoan. L. of Stanypéth. L. of Whittinghame, Douglas. L. of Cosfurde, Acheson. L. of Wauchton, Hepburne. Hepburne of Gylmerton. Hepburne of Smeton. Hepburne of Kirklandhill. L. of Sydserff. L. of Congilton. L. of Knows. L. of Scowgall. Sincler of Whytekirk. L. of Bas, Lawder. L. of Spot, Douglas. L. of Innerwike, Hamilton. L. of Broxmouth, Home. Alexander Home of Northberwike. Robert Home of the Hewch. L. of Waddalie. Hartrem Wood Berwick and Lawderdaill. L. of Wederburne, Home. L. of Blacatour, Home. L. of Aytoun, Home. L. of Coldenknowes, Home. L. of Polwart, Home. Home of Manderstoun. L. of Huton hall, Home. L. of Langton. L. of Cockburne. L. of Billie, Renton. L. of Blanerne, Lummisdayne. L. of Cumleche, Aflek. L. of Edingtoun. Slychthous. Butterdayne. Hoprig. Easter Nisbet. West Nisbet. Wedderlie. Thorniedykes. L. of Spottiswood. Cranston of Thirlstanemaines. Corsbie. Bemersyde. Mertoun. L. Swyntoun. L. Redpeth. Greenlaw. Lochurmacus. L. Gammilscheilis, Home. Wyliclewcht. Roxburgh. L. of Cesfurde, Ker. L. of Lilteldane, Ker. L. of Greynheid, Ker. L. of Corbet, Ker. Gradon, Ker. Ker of Gaitshaw. Mow. Haddane. Sheriff of Teviotdail, Douglas. Tympenden. Hundeley. Hunthill. Edzarstoun. Bedreull, Turnbull. Mynto. Wawchop. William Turnbull of Barnhils'. George Turnbull of Halreull. Hector Lorane of Harwood. Grinyslaw of little Newton. Mader of Langton. Mungo Bennet of Cheftis. Ouertoun, Frasier. Riddale of that ilk. L. Makkayrstoun, Makdowgal. Andrew Ker of Fadownsyde. L. of Backcleuch, Scot Ralph Haliburton of Mourhouslaw. Thomas Ker of Cavers. Howpasloth, Scot Baron Gledstanes. Langlands. William Ellot of Torsly hill. Scot of Sintoun. Scot of Eydschaw. Walter Vaich of Northsintoun. Scot of Glaeke. L. of Chesholme of that ilk. L. of Cranstoun. Kirktoun of Stewartfield. L. of Linton, Ker. Ker of Ancrum. Carncors of Colmissie. Selkirk. Murray of Fawlahill, Sheriff. Scot of Tuschelaw. Scot of Thirlstane. Scot of Aikwood. Turnbull of Phillophauch. Ker of the Shaw or Dalceiff. Hoppringle of Galloscheilis. Hoppringle of Whytebank. Hoppringle of Torwodley. Hoppringill of Blindley. Hoppringill of Bukholme. Hoppringill of Newhall. Peibles. The Knight of Traquair, Stewart. ● of Pyrn, Cranston. L. of Horsburgh. L. of Greistoun. L. of Cardrono. L. of Henderstoun. L. of Smeythfield, hay. Winkistoun, Twedie. L. of Blackbarrony, Murray. Bernys. Caverhill. Fowllaeche, Stewart. L. of Drummelzear, Twedie. Dawik. Pobinde. Frude. Halkshaw. Glengirk. Geddes of Rachane. Inglis of Langlandhill. L. of Straling. Hartire. Romannos. Prettishoill. Meluingsland. Ormestoun. Bonytoun. Posso, Nasmyth. john Hamilton of Coltcote. Lanerk. Captain of Crawfurde Castle, Carmichell. L. of Carmichael. L. of Lamington, bailie. L. of Bakebie. L. of Symontoun. L. of Cultérmaines. Fleming of Carwood. Douglas of Todholes. West-hall, Grahame. bailie of the hills. Menzeis of Culterrawes. L. of Westraw, johnestone. L. of Annestoun. L. of Cobingtoun, Lyndesay. Crimpcramp. Hamilton of Crawfurde-Iohne. L. of Ley. L. of Cleghorne, Barclay. L. of Corhouse, Bannatyne. jerverswod, Levingstoun. Bonytoun, Cunninghame. Blackwood. Staniebyres. Auchtyfardill. Weir of Kirktowne. L. Cambusnethan, Someruel. L. of Carphin, bailie. Cleland. Murdeistoun. jeruestoun. Ernoke. Lawchope. Stevingstoun. Hamilton of Roploch. Hamilton of Hags. Hamilton of Lethame. Hamilton of Orbestoun. Hamilton of Nelisland. Hamilton of Stanehouse. L. of Siluertonhil, Hamilton. L. of Dunrod. L. of Calderwood, Maxwell. L. of Castelmylk. L. of Mynto, Steward. L. of Gilbertfield. Renfrew. Cathcart. Ouer-Pollok. Neather-Pollok, Maxwell. L. of Stanelie. L. of johnstoun, Wallace. L. of Ellerslie, Wallace. L. Houstoun. Newerk. L. Caldwell. Shaw of Grenoke. Crawfurd of Cartisburne. Cunninghame of Waterston. L. Craganis. Walkinschaw. Barrochane. L. Biltries, Semplo. Barscube. L. Boghall, Stewart. Bishoptoun. Cardonald, Stewart. Foulwood. Thirdpart. Wheitfurne. Scottistoun. Ardgowane. Balgarrane. Ramfurley. Porterfield of that ilke. Raálstoun. Dumbretoun. L. of Lusse. L. of Cowgrane. L. of Ardardane. L. of Arnecapill. L. of Kilmahòw. Bullull. Manis. Balney. Noblestoun. Camstródane. Darleith. Hamilton of Cochnó. Craigernalt. Gloret. Striueling of Letrer. Lucas Striueling of Baldorrane. Edmistoun of Balewin. L. of Bardowie. L. of Kincaid. L. of Woodhead. L. of Blairshógill. L. of Ballykinrane. L. of Auchinloche. L. of Kilsythe, Levingston. L. of Baddinheth, Boyd. Bord. Drumry, Hamilton. L. of Kilcrewch. Gartskeddane. Gartschoir. L. of Mackferland. L. of Buquhannane. L. of Drummakcill. Tarbert. L. of Auchinbrek. L. of Archinlais, campbel. L. of Lawmont. L. of Macklawchlane. Macknachtan. Skippinche. Ottir. Duntrune. Straquhir. Mackowle of Lorne. john Stewart of Appin. Mackondoquhy of Inneraw. Mackoneil of Dunniveg and Glennes. Macklane of Dowart. Macklane of cowl. Macklane of Lochbwy. Macklane of Arndnamurchy. Bute. The Sheriff of Bute, Stewart. The L. of Camys. Aere and Bailleries of Kyle, K●●rik and Cunninghame. L. of Kilburnie. L. of Crawfurdland. L. of Ladyland, Barclay. Auchnamys. L. of Kerrisland. L. of Kelsoland. Trierne. L. of Glengarnoke. L. of Cunninghame heid. L. of Auchinharuie. L. of Aiket. Cunninghame. L. of Clonbaith. Montgomerie. L. of Longshaw. L. of Heslet. Giffin. Stane. Braidstane, Montgomerie. L. of Blair. L. of Portincorsse. L. of Huncarstoun. L. of Fairlie. L. of Dreghorne. L. of Perstoun, Barclay. L. of Rowallane, Mure. L. of Montgrenane. L. of Robertland, Cunninghame. Cunninghame of Towrlands. Cunninghame of the hill. Sheriff of Air. Cesnockle. Skeldoun. campbel of Glenoske. campbel of Kinzeclewcht. Gastoun, S●ewart. Halrig. Hamilton of Sanquhair, Sornebeg. L. of Bar. L. of Craggie-wallace. carnel. Wallace. Sewalton. Wallace. Dundonald. Adamtoun. Gairgirth. Chalmers. Lefnoreis. Crawfurde. Kerst. Crawfurde. Doungane. William Crawfurde of Clolynane. Douglas of Penieland. Cunninghame of Lagland. L. of Caprington. Cunninghame. Cunninghame of Poquharne. Shaw of Glenmure. L. of Eutirkin. Dunbar. L. of Scankistoun. campbel. L. of Barkymmem. Stewart. L. of Auchinlek. Boswell. L. of Bargany. Kennedie. L. of Blairquhane. Kennedie. kennedy of Giruanmaynis. kennedy of Skeldon. L. of Carmichaell. Goodman of Ardmillane. Goodman of Dromnellane. kennedy of the Coist. Balmaclennochane. L. of Kelwood, curry. L. of Carltowne. Cathcart. kennedy of Knotidaw. Kennidie of Bramestoun. Boyde of Penkill. Boyde of the Throchrig. L. of Dundaffe. L. of Kilkerane. L. of Kilhenzie. kennedy of Tornagannoch. Schaw of Holy. Schaw of Germet. Wigtoun. L. of Garlies, Stewart. L. of Mochrum, Dumbar. L. of Garthland, Makdowgall. Agnew Shirefe of Wigton. L. of Kynhylt. L. of Ardwell, Makculloch. Killassyre. Laerg. L. of Maerton, Maggeé. L. of Maerton, Mackulloch. L. of Barnbarrawch, Vaus. L. of Craichlaw, Mure. kennedy of Barquhome. kennedy of Vchiltré. campbel of Arie. Dumfreis, with the Stewartries of Kirkenbright, and Annandail. L. of Lochinwar, Gordon. L. of Troquhayne, Gordon. L. of Barskeoche, Gordon. L. of Airdis, Gordon. Sheirmaes, Gordon. Gordon of the Cule. L. of Broghton, Murray. L. of Dalbatie. L. of Portoun, Glendoning. L. of Bumby, Mackclellane. Mackclellane of Maerton. L. of Cardenes. Lidderdaill of S. Mary I'll. Lindesay of Barcloy. Heries of Madinhoip. L. of Mabie, Heries. Macknaucht of Kilquhanatie. Glenduynning of Drunrasche. Maxwell of the Hill. Sinclair of Auchinfranke. Maxwell of the Logane. Maxwell of Dromcoltrane. Stewart of Fintillauche. Levingston of little Ardis. L. of Drumlanrig, Douglas. Douglas of Gashógill. Creichton of Carco. Creichton of Liberie. Mackmath of that ilk. Douglas of Daluene. Menzies of Castelhill. Menzies of Auchinsell. L. of Auchingassill, Maitland. L. of Closburne, Kirk Patrick. Kirkmichaell. Goodman of Friar, Kersse. L. of Lag, Greir. L. of Amysfield, Charterhouse. Maxwell of Gowhill. Maxwell of Porterrake. Maxwell of Tynwald. Maxwell of Conhaith. Maxwell of Carnsallauch. Maxwell of the I'll. Browne of the Lawn. Cunninghame of Kirkschaw. L. of Craigdarroch. L. of Bardannoch. Kirko of Glenesslane. Ballaggane. L. of johnestoun. L. of Wamfrá, johnestone. L. of Eschescheiles. L. of Corheid, johnestone. L. of Corry. L. of Newbie, johnestone. L. of Graitnay, johnestone. johneston of Craighop-burne johneston of Newton. johneston of Kirkton. L. of Apilgirth, Iarden. L. of Holmends. L. of Cockpoole, Murray. L. of Moryquhat. L. of Wormondby. L. of Knok. Goodman of Granton. Boidisbyke. The names of the principal clans, and surnames on the Borders not landed, and chief men of name amongst them at this present. EAST MARCH. Brumfieldes. IOhn Brumfield, Tutor of Greynelawdeyne. Adame Brumfield of handaikers. Brumfield of Pittilesheuche. Alexander Brumfield of Eastfield. Alexander Brumfield of Hasilton manes. james Brumfield of Whytehouse. The Laird of Toddorike. Alexander Brumfield of Gordon manes. Trotter. The Laird of Pentennen. William Trotter of Fouleschawe. Cuthbert Trotter in Fogo. Tom Trotter of the hill. Diksons. The Goodman of Buchtrig. The Goodman of Bolchester. Dikson of Haffington. Dikson in new bigging. Ridpeths'. Thomas Ridpeth of Crumrig. Alexander Ridpeth of Angellraw. Haitlies'. The Goodman of Lambden. john Haitlie of Brumehill. George Haitlie in Hordlaw. Laurence Haitlie in Haliburton. Gradenis. jasper Graden in Ernislaw. young's. james Young of the Cri●●e. Will Young of Otterburne. David Young of Oxemsyde. William Scot of Feltershawes. Davisons. Roben Dauison of Symeston. jok Dauison of Quhitton. james Dauison of Byrnirig. George Dauison of Throgdan. Pringils. james Hoppringill of Towner. Wat Hoppringill of Clifton. john Hoppringil of the Bends. David Hoppringill of Morbottle. Tates. Will Tate in Stankfurde. David Tate in Cheritries. David Tate in Bair-ers. Will Tate in Zettane. Middlemaists. Robin Middlemaist in Milrig. burns, David Burn of Ellisheuch, Ralph Burn of the Coit. Dagleschis. jok Dagleisch of Bank. Robert Dagleisch in wideopen. Gilchristis. Hugh Gilchrist called of Cowbene. Will Gilchrist in Cavertoun. MIDDLE MARCHES. Hall. john Hall of Newbigging. George Hall, called Pats Geordie there. Andrew Hall of the Sykes. Thom Hall in Fowlscheils. Pyle George Pyle in Milkheuch. john Pyle in Swynside. Robeson. Ralph Robeson in Prenderlech. Rinzean Robeson in Howston. Anislie. William Anislie of Fawlaw. Lancie Anislie in Cxnem. Oliver. David Oliver in Hynhancheid Will Oliver in Lustruther, George Oliver in Clareley. Laidlow. Ryne Laidlow in the Bank. john Laidlow in Sonnyside. LIDDISDAIL. The Laird of Mangerton. The Lairds jok. Chrystie of the side. Quhithauch. The Laird of Quhitauch. jonie of Quhitauch. Sym of the Maynes. Merietoun quarter. Archie of West burnflat. Wanton Sym in quhitley side. Will of Powderlanpat. Ellots. Redhench. Robert Ellot, and Martyne Ellot. Thoirlishop. Rob of Thoirlishop, Arthure fire the Brays. Gorrumbery. Archie Keene, Will of Morspatriks horse. Park. jonie of the Park, Grace Will. Burnheid. Gawin's jok, Adé Cowdais. Welshaw. Will Colichis Hob, Hob of Bowholmes. Niksons. john Nikson of Layest burn. Georgies Harry Nikson. Cleme Nikson, called The Crune. Crosers. Hob Croser, called Hob of Ricarton. Martin Croser. Cokkis john Croser. Noble Clemeis Croser. Hendersons'. Rinzian Henderson in Armiltonburne. jenkyne Henderson in Kartley, Debaitable Land. Sandeis Barnes Armestrangs. Will of Kinmonth. Krystie Armestrang. john Skynbanke. Lardis Rinzians gang. Lairdis Rinziane. Lairdis Robbie. Rinzian of Wanchop. Grahames. Priors, john and his Bairnes. Hector of the Harlaw. The griefs & cuts of Harlaw. EWISDAIL. Armestrangs of the Gyngils. Ekké of the Gingils. Andrew of the Gyngils. Thome of Glendoning. Scots. Thome the Flower. Anfe of the Buss. Ellots. john the Portars son. Will of Devislies'. Will the Lord. ESKDAIL. Battisons of Cowghorlae. David Batie. Hugh Batie. Mungoes Arthurie. Adame of the burn. Batisons of the Scheill. Nichol of the Scheill. Androw of Zetbyre. john the Braid. What of the Corpse. johnes. john Armstrang of Hoilhons. john Armstrang of Thornequhat. Will Armestrang of Ternsnihill. Littils. john little of Cassoke. Thome little of Finglen. Ingrahames Archy little. ANANDAIL. Irwingis. Edward of Bonschaw. Lang Richies Edward. john the young Duke. Chrystie the Cothquhat. Willie of Graitnayhill. Bellis. Will Bell of Alby. john Bell of the Turn. Mathie Bell called the King. Andro Bell called Lokkis. Androw. Will Bell Reidcloke. Carlilles. Adame Carlisle of Bridekirk. Alexander Carlisle of Egleforhame. Grahames. George Grahame of Reupatrik. Arthour Grahame of Blawoldwood. Richie Grahame called The Plump. Thomsons. Young Archie Thomson. Sym Thomson in Polloden. Rome's. Roger Rome in Tordoweth. Mekle Sandie Rome there. Gassis. David Gasse in Barch. john Gasse, Michael's son in Rig. THE SHRIEFDOMES AND Shriefs of Scotland. Orknay, The Sheriff thereof heritable, Earl of Caythnes. Innernes, The Earl of huntley. Cromartie, Vrquhart of Cromartie. Narne, john campbel of Lorne. Elgene and Forress, Dumbar of Cumnok. Aberdeen, The Earl of huntley. Kincardin, The Earl of Martial. Forfar, The Lord Grace. Perth, alias Saint johnstone, The Earl of Gowry. Fyfe, The Earl of Rothosse. Kynross, The Earl of Morton, of Lochlevin and Dalkeyth, Clackmannan, The knight of the Karss. Sterling, The provost of the town for the time. Dumbarten, Earl of Lennox Sterlingshire, extra Burgum, The Earl of Mar. Tarbart, The Earl of Mar. Laynrik, The Earl of Arran, Lord Hamilton. Renfrew, The Lord Sampill. Aere, campbel, Knight of Lowdon. Wigton, Patrick Agnew, of that ilk. Drumfreis, Lord Sanquhat. Pebbles, Lord Zester. Selkirk-Murray, of Fallahill. Roxburgh, Douglas of Cavers, called sheriff of Tividaill. Barwik Lord Home. Edinburgh, The provost of the Town for the time. Lothien, The Earl Bothwell. The Cunstabularie of Hadington, The Earl Bothwell. Lithgow, Hamilton of Kenneill. THE STEWARTRIES OF SCOTLAND. Stratherne. Monteith. The Lord Dr●mmond. Kircudbricht. Annandaill. The Lord Maxwell. THE BAILLERIES OF SCOTLAND. Kyle, The Knight of Craggy wallace. Carik, The Earl of Cassils. Cunninghame, The Earl of Eglinton. THE ORDER OF THE CALLING of the Table of the Session. Monday. Redemptions of lands. Reductions of all kinds. Transferring. Loss of Superiorities. For making, sealing, and subscribing of Reversions. Tuesday. Recent spoils without the time of vacants. Acts of Aiurnall. Wednesday. The common Table of the four quarters of the Realm, by order, every one after another, as is divided in the acts of the Institution, in the print books of Parliament. Thursday. The same Table. Friday. The King's actions, strangers, the poor. Saturday. The Lords of Session, and members thereof, The Prelates, payers of contribution, and the common Table foresaid. And upon the Wednesday and Thursday, to call common privileged matters, such as Hornings, Free-people, Euidents, Fortalices, Warnings, Letters conform to rolements, Decreits, Arbitrailes, Takes, Pensions, Ordinary letters, Gifts, Registering of contracts, Actions to become civil or profane, Double poindings, Bills, Supplications, And their last actions to be called of new by ordinance of the Lords of Session, for expedition of causes. The Shires of Scotland. The Shires of the first quarter as followeth: that is to say, Forfair, Kineardin, Banff, Elgin, Forres, Narne, Innernes, and Cromartie. The Shires of the second quarter, Edinburgh, Lynlythgow, Selkirk, Roxburgh, Peblis, Berwick, and Hadington. The third quarter, Striuiling and Renfrew, Lanerk Wigton, Dumfreis, Kilcudbright, and Annandaill. The fourth quarter, Perth, Clackmannan, Argyle, and Bute. The Senators begin their sitting and rising as follows. They begin to sit down in Edinburgh, on the morn after Trinity Sunday, while the first day of August, and after to be vacant while the first day of November next ensuing; and then to begin and sit, while the nineteen. day of March next, & then to be vacant, while the morning after Trinity Sunday, as aforesaid. THE NAMES OF THE FREE BURROWS, subject to pay extent and subsidy within Scotland. SOUTH. Edinburgh. Sterling. Lithgow. Rothsaye. Dumbarten. Renfrew. Ruglen. Aere. Irwing. Glasgow. Kircudbricht. Wigtoun. Whithorne. Laynerik. jedburgh. Sel-kirk. Peblis. NORTH. Aberdeen. Dundie. Saint johnston, aliâs Perth. Banffe. Dumfermeling. Carraill. Forfar. Brechin. Mont-rosse. Elgene. Innernes. Arbrothe. Saint Andrew's. Cowpar. Cullane. Fores. The King's Palaces and Castles. Haddington. North-Barwick. Dumbar. Drumfreis. Narne. Thaine. Dysert. Kirkady. Palaces appertaining to the King. THe Palace of Halyrud-house, beside Edinburgh in Lothien. 2 The Palace of Dalkeyth, reserved for the use of the Prince, with the Orchard, Gardens, Banks, and wood adjacent thereunto, within four miles of Edinburgh. 3 The Palace of Lithgow, within the town of Lithgow, in Lithgow-shire 4 The Palace of Falkland, and the town of Falkland adjacent thereunto, with the Park: In Fyfe. Castles appertaining to the King. Desert. The Castle of Roxburgh, now demoleist by the Law, and by the commandment of the King, and three Estates: In Teviotdaill. The monuments yet stand to this hour, but desert. The Castle and fortalice of Dumbar, a house of great strength: till within these late years, it was demoleist by james Earl of Murray, Regent of Scotland. In Lothien. Desert. 1 The Castle of Edinburgh, inhabited by john Earl of Mar. 2 The Castle and strength of of Blackness in Lothien, inhabited by Sir james sandeland's. 3 The castle and strength of Sterling, inhabited by john Earl of Mar, and his Deputies. 4 The Castle of Dumbarton, inhabited by john Lord Hamilton. 5 The Castle of Lochmaben in Annandaill, occupied by the Lord Maxwell. 6 The Castle of Kirkwall, in Orknay, appertaining to the King, inhabited by the Earl of Orknay. A true description and division of the whole country of Scotland: of the situation, distance and commodities in every part thereof. SCotland is divided from England, first, by the high hills of Cheuiot, and where the hills do end, by a wall called, The Marchdike, made in our time; and then by the waters, Esk and Selova. By North, The borders in order. those borders from the Scots sea to the Ireland sea. The Countries lie in order as followeth: The Maers (wherein stands the Town of Berwick, at this present possessed by England) lies upon the North side of Tweed, which is compassed by the Firth of Forth on the East, by England on the South: Westward on both the sides of Tweed lies Teviotdail, taking the name from the water of Tiot, The causes of their denominations. divided from England by the hills of Cheuiot. Next unto Teviotdail, lie Countries that are not great: Liddisdail, Ewisdail, and Esdail, taking their names from three waters, Liddall, Ewis, and Esk. The last is Annandail, which also hath the name from the water of Annan, dividing the Country almost in two, and runs after Solo●●, into the Ireland sea. Now let us return to Forth. The Country of Lothian is compassed by it at the East. Coeburnspeth, and Lamermure, divides it from the Maers, and then turning somewhat Westward, it joins with Twedaill, and Lawderdaill: Tweddaill taking the name from the River of Tweed, which runs through the same, and Lawderdhill from the Town of Lawder, or rather from the water of Lider, running through the Country. Liddaill, Nithisdaill, and Clyddisdaill, march with Tweddaill at the South and West parts thereof: Nithisdaill taking the name from the water of Nith, running through it into the Ireland Sea. Lothian, so named from Loath, King of Pights, is bordered on the Southeast by Forth, or the Scottish sea: on the Northwest by Clyddisdaill. This Country in civility, and abundance of all other things necessary for the use of man excels very far, all the rest of the countries of Scotland. There run five waters through it. Tyne and Esk, (which both run in one at the foot of the wood of Dalkeith, before they enter into the sea) Leith and Almon. Of those waters, some spring out of Lamermure, and some out of Pentland hills, and run into Forth. The Towns of Lothian. The Towns of Lothian, are Dunbar, Hading, commonly called Hadington, Dalkeith, Edinburgh, Leigh. Linlithgow lieth more westwardly: Clyddisdaill lies on both the sides of Clyde, which for the length thereof, is divided in three shires. In the Ouerward, there is an hill, not to call hich, out of the which, spring rivers running into three sundry seas: Twede into the Scottish sea, Annand into the Ireland sea, and Clyde into the great Ocean. The chief towns of Clyddisdaill. The chief Towns of Cliddisdaill are, Lanark, and Glasgow: Northwest from Cliddisdaill, lies Kyle: beyond Kyle lies Galloway, which is divided from Clyddisdaill by the water of Cloudan. All Galloway almost declines to the South, the shire whereof encloseth all the rest of that side of Scotland: It is more plentiful in store, than Corns. G●lloway described. The waters of Galloway, Vxe, Dee, ken, Cree and Loss, run into the Ireland sea: There is almost no great hills in Galloway, but it is full of craggy knolles: The waters gathering together in the valleys betwixt those knolles, make almost innumerable Loches, from whence, the first flood that comes before the Autumnal Equinoctial, causeth such abundance of waters to run, that there come forth of the said Loches, incredible numbers of Eels, and are taken by the Countrymen in wand Creeles, who salting them, obtain no small gain thereby. The farthest part of that side, is the head, called Nonantum, under the which, there is an haven at the mouth of the water of Lussie, named by Ptolemy, Rerigonius. In the other side of Galloway overagainst this Haven, from Clyddis-forth, there enters another Haven, named commonly Lochryens; and by Ptolemy, Vidogora: all that lieth betwixt these two Havens, the Country people call the Rynns', that is, the point of Galloway: who also call it Nonantum, the Mule, that is, the Beck. The whole Country is named Galloway: for Gallovid, in the ancient Scottish tongue, signifies a man of Gallia: under Lochrien at the back of Galloway, Carrik described. lies Carrik, declining easily till it come to Clyddisforth. The waters of Stenzear, and Grevan divide Carrik: upon the cruiks of those waters, there are many pretty villages. Carrik, betwixt the waters, where it riseth in knolles, is fertile of bestial, & reasonable good ground for Corne. The whole Country of Carrik, both by sea and land, hath abundance, not only sufficient for themselves, but also largely to support their neighbours. The water of Dunes, divides Carrik from Kyle. Dune springs out of a Loch of the same name, in the midst whereof, is an Isle, on the which is builded a little Tower. Kyle described Next unto Carrik, lies Kyle, marching upon the South with Galloway, upon the Southeast with Clyddisdaill, upon the West with Cunninghame, separated from thence by the water of Irwing. The water of Air runs through the midst of Kyle: at the mouth of the water, stands the town of Air, a notable market stead: The Country generally, is more abundant of valiant men, then of Corn and cattle, the ground being but poor and sandy, which sharpens the men's industry, and confirms the strength of the mind and body, by scarcenesss of living. From Kyle Northward, Cunninghame described. lies Cunninghame, renewing Clide, and reducing it to the quantity of a reasonable river. The name of this country is Dens, signifying in that language, the King's house: whereby it appears that the Danes have been sometimes masters thereof. Next unto Cunningham Eastward lies Renfrew, Renfrew described. so named from a little town, wherein they use to keep Session of justice to the country. It is commonly named the barony, and is divided in the midst by two waters, both called Carth. Clyddisdaill. After the barony, followeth Clyddisdaill, lying on either side of Clyde, which in respect of the quantity thereof, and lands of Glasgow, is divided in many jurisdictions. They that dwell upon the lands of Glasgow, have their own justice seat within the Town of Glasgow. The most notable waters of Clyddisdaill, are Eruenne and Douglasse running into Clyde, upon the South side thereof, and upon the North side there is another called Auenne, which cuts Lothian from Striueling shire. These two waters have gotten their names of Walter at the beginning, instead of proper names, as also the water of Auone in Walls hath done, with a little difference for the propriety of the language sake. Auenne divides Sterling shire from Lothian at the South: The Firth or Forth at the East, which piece and piece becomes narrow, till it grow to the quantity of a reasonable River, near unto Striueling bridge. There is but one water worthy to make account of, that runs through it, named Carron, near unto the which there are some ancient monuments upon the East side of Carron. There are two little earthen knolles, Two ancient monuments. builded as may appear by men, commonly called Duini pacis; that is, The knolles of peace. Two miles downward upon the same water, there is a round building without lime, made of hard stone, in such sort, that one part of the uppermost stones is indented within the stone that lies directly under it: so that the whole work, by this conjunction mutual, and burden of the stones, upholds itself, growing narrow by little and little, from the ground to the head; where it is open like a dove-cote. The country people do call it Arthours oven. The common sort of people, following there own fantasies, have devised sundry Authors of this work, and that the same was appointed for sundry uses, every man appropriating an use according to his own devise: And I led by conjecture, was sometime indeed of opinion, that this was the Chapel of the God Terminus, which as we read, was appointed to be open above. The two knolles Duini pacis, lying so near it, do somewhat fortify this my conjecture; as, that peace had been concluded there, and this work set up in the memory thereof; and that the same should be the border of the Roman Empire. I could not be drawn from this opinion, until I understood, that there are sundry works in a certain I'll, like unto this Chapel in all things, except that they are broader and wider. In which respect, I am compelled to suspend my judgement farther, than to think that these have been monuments of things done, and especially of victories gotten, and set up in those places, as it had been out of the world, the rather to be kept from the injuries of enemies: But truly, whether they be monuments of victory, or (as some believe) sepulchres of Noble men, I trust they have been monuments to continue in eternal memory, but builded by rude and unlearned men, like to this Chapel standing upon Carron: There is a piece of ground at the right side of Carron, plain almost round about, growing to a knoll: near midway, betwixt the Duini pacis and this Chapel, into the which, at the turning of the corner, appears at this day, the rooms of a pretty Town: But by labouring of the ground where it stood, and taking away of the stones, for building of gentlemen's houses thereabouts, the foundations of the Walls, and description of the rooms cannot be discerned. Beda, the English Writer, disertly names this place Guidi, placing the same in the very corner of Severus Wall. Many notable Romans have made mention of this Wall: Hereof as yet remain sundry appearances, as stones gotten, bearing inscriptions, containing testimonies of safeguard received of Tribunes and Centurions, or else of their sepulchres. And seeing that from the Wall of Adrian, to this Wall of Severus (as the grounds of both do witness) it is little less than an hundred miles, the ignorance of them that have written the English matters, was either great, not understanding the Latin Writers who entreated of them, or else their oversight that so confusedly handled that, which was so clearly written. Howsoever the matter be, if they be not worthy to be reproved for this their deed, at least, I think them worthy to be slightly admonished thereof, specially, for that of the Records foresaids, and of the History of Beda, the English Writer; it is certain, that there was sometime the Border between the Britain's and the Scots. They that tell that Camelot stood here, allege also, that this Chapel before mentioned, was the Temple of Claudius Caesar, and both the one and the other is a vain liar: for that Camelot is a Colony of the Romans, three hundred miles distant from this place, if truth may be given to Ptolomeus, or Itinerarium Antonins. And Cornelius Tacitus maketh this error with the rest of the whole narrative, most known; chiefly in that he writeth, that the Romans, after they had lost Camelot, fled for their own preservation, to the temple of Claudius Caesar: And (whether this Chapel was the Temple of Terminus, or a monument of any other thing wanting a door, whereof presently it hath neither sign or token, being the height of a stones cast) yet it could never cover ten armed men of war, or scarcely contain so many within the walls thereof. Besides this, after Claudius Caesar's journey, almost forty years, julius Agricola was the first Roman that ever entered in those parts. Also was it not fifty years after Agricola, that Adrianus made a wall betwixt Tyne and Esk, to be the border of the Roman Province, whereof to this present in divers places signs do remain? Septimius Severus, about the year of God 210, entered into Britanny, and beyond this border appointed by Adrian, 100 miles, he made a wall from the Firth of Clyde, to the mouth of Even, where it entereth into Forth. Of this wall, even at this day, there are many and clear demonstrations. Moreover, we never find in the ancient monuments, that Camelodonum was the chief seat of the Pights: but that their Regal seat was in Abirnethie, as also the Metropolitan seat of their Bishop: which afterwards was transported to Saint Andrew's. If it were inquired, what moved the Romans to bring a Colony there, or how they sustained the same in so barren a ground; and, as things were at that time, wild and unmanured, and subject to the daily injuries of most cruel enemies: they will, as I suppose, answer, (for I can not see what other thing they can say) that they furnished it by sea, what time ships said to pass up Garron, even to the town wall. If this were ●e, of necessity the ground of both the banks of Forth, was then overflowed by the great Ocean, and so was barren: & yet now, that is the only ground that is supposed to be plentiful of corns in those parts. There is another question somewhat more difficile. If both the banks of Forth were drowned with salt water, why ended not the Romans their wall rather at that part, then with superstitious labours, to draw it further in length by many miles? Beyond Striviling-shire, lieth the Lennox, divided from the Barony of Renfrew, by Clyde: from Glasgow, by the water of Heluin: from Striviling-shire, by hills: from Teth, by Forth: and then ends in the hills of Grangebean; at the foot whereof, Lochlomond runs down a low valley, four and twenty miles of length, and eight of breadth, having more than four and twenty Islands within the same. This Loch, besides abundance of other fishes, hath a kind of fish of the own, named Pollac, very pleasant to eat. The water of Levin runneth out of Lochlomond southward, which water hath given the name to the country. Levin entereth into Clyde, near to the Castle of Dumbarton, and town of the same name. The westmost of the hills of Grangebean, make the border of the Lennox. The hills are cutted by a little bosom of the sea, named for the shortness thereof, Gerloch. Beyond this Loch, there is a far greater Loch, named from the water that runneth in it, Loch-long: and this water is the march between Lennox and Covall. This Covall, Argyle (or rather Ergyle) and Knapdaill, are divided in many parts, by many narrow creeks, that run out of the firth of Clyde into them, whereof there is one most notable, named Loch-fyne, from the water of Fin that runneth into it. This Loch is threescore miles of length. In Knapdaill, is Loch-haw, and therein a little Island, with a strong Castle. The water of Aw runneth out of this Loch, and is the only water of all that country, that doth run into the Deucalidon Sea. Northwest from Knapdaill, doth lie Kentyir, (the head of the country over-against Ireland,) from which it is divided by a little Sea. Kyntyir is more long then broad, joining to Knapdaill by so narrow a throat, that it is scarce one mile in breadth, and the same throat is nothing else but very sand, lying so low, that Mariners drawing their ships ofttimes through it, make their journey a great deal shorter, than it would be, keeping the common course. Lorne, lying upon Ergyle, doth march with it, until it come to Haber, a plain country, and not unfruitful. The country where the hills of Grangebean are, are most easy to be traveled, named broad Albin, and that is to say, the highest part of Scotland: and the highest part of broad Albin, is called Drunnalbin, that is, the back of Scotland, so termed, not altogether without cause: for forth of that back, waters do run into both the Seas, some unto the North, and some unto the South. Forth of Locherne, the water of Erne runneth north-east, and entereth into Tay, under Sainct-Iohnstoun three miles. The country that lieth on each side of this water, taking the name from it, is called in the ancient Scottish language, Straitherne. Straith, of old, in that tongue, was called a country lying along a water side. Betwixt the hills of this country and Forth, lieth Teth, taking the name from the water of Teth, running through the midst thereof. The hills called Ochels', march with Teth, which for the most part, A fertile soil. (as also the ground, lying at the foot of them) are accounted to be of the Stewardrie of Straitherne. The rest of that country to Forth (through ambition) is divided in sundry jurisdictions, as in Clackmannan-shire, Culros-shire, and Kinros-shire, from which all the country that lies betwixt Forth and Tay, Eastward, like a wedge in a narrow point of the Sea, is called by one name, Fyfe, abundant within the self in all things necessary to the use of man. It is broadest where Lochlevin divideth it: from thence it becometh narrow, until it come to the town of Carraill. There is but one water to make account of, in all Fife, named Levin. There are many pretty towns upon the coast in three sides of Fyfe. The town of Saint Andrew's, for the study of good learning. The town of Cowper standeth almost in the midst of Fyfe, which is the Sheriffs seat for administration of justice. Upon the march betwixt it and Stratherne, standeth Abirnethy, of old the chief City of the Pights. near it, Erne runneth into Tay. The water of Tay cometh forth of Lochtay, in Broadalbin. The Loch is four & twenty miles of length. Tay is the greatest river in Scotland, which turning course at the hills of Grangebean, joins with Athol, a fertile country, situate in the very wilderness of the same mountains: at the foot whereof there is a part of Athol, lying plain, named the Blair, Athol- which word signifies a ground proper for wood. Under Athol, upon the South side of Tay, stands the Town Caledon, which only retains the ancient name, commonly called Dunkeld, Dunkeld. that is, a knoll full of Nut-trees. The Nut-trees growing in that unmanured ground, and covering the earth, with the shadow of the boughs thereof, have given the name, both to the town, and people. Caledones indeed, or Caledonij, were sometime one of the most renowned people of Britain, and made the one half of the kingdom of Pights, whom Ammianus Marcellinus divideth into Caledones, and Vecturiones, of whom at this day, scarcely doth remain any memorial of Name. Twelve miles under Dunkeld, in the same right side of the river of Tay, Gowrie. stands Saint johnestone: upon the North side of the water, Eastward from Athol, lies Gowrie, a fertile ground for corn, and under it again, betwixt Tay, and Esk, lies Angusse, or as the ancient Scots call it, Angusse. Eencia. Some men also are of opinion that it was named Horrestia, or according to the English Phrase, This town is now called by all men in the Vulgar tongue, Downdee. Forrestia. In Angusse are the Towns of Cowper, and Deidoun (the gift of God, as Boetius, to gratify his country, ambitiously names it) but I trust, the ancient name of the town was Taidunum, from the word Dun, called the Taw, or Knoll, that stands upon Tai: at the foot whereof this town is builded. Fourteen miles' North from Tai, right by the Sea side, stands Abirbrothock ', otherwise named Abrinca: from thence ye may perfectly see the Red head a far off. Southeast cuts Angusse even in the midst, and north-east divides it from the Maernis. The Maernis for the most part is a plain ground, till it pass Fordoun, and Dunnotter, the Earl Marshels Castle, and come to the hills of Grangebean, which begin there to decrease and end in the Sea. North, from the Maernis, is the mouth of the water of Deuá, or Deé, commonly named, and about a mile from Deé Northward, the mouth of the water of Done. At the mouth of Deè stands Aberdeen, Aberdeen. renowned for the salmond fishings thereof: and at the mouth of Doné, the Bishop's seat, Aberdeen, an university. flourishing in all kind of arts. and common schools flourishing in all kind of science of liberal arts. I find in some old monuments, that the Town nearest to the South, was called Abirdee, but now, both the one Town and the other, is called Aberdeen, devised only to the words old and new, as new Aberdeen, and old Aberdeen. At this narrow point, lying betwixt these waters, the country of Mar begins, Marre. growing always wider and wider, till it be 60 miles in length, & come to Badzenoch. The country of Badzenoch, Badzenoch. hath as it were a back, running out through the midst of it, which spouts forth waters into both the seas. Habre. Habre marcheth with Badzenoch, tending by little and little towards the Deucalidon sea: a Country as abundant of commodities both by sea and land, as any Country within Scotland is. First, it is good for Corn, and store: the shadows of the Woods, the rivers and the springs, make it very pleasant: and it hath also great plenty of fishes, as any Country within Scotland: for besides the abundance of fresh water fishes, produced by a great number of waters, the sea runs within the country, in a long Channel, and being narrow at the mouth, the water kept in betwixt two high banks, and spreading wide inward, makes the form of a stank or rather of a Loch, from which it hath gotten the name Abre, by the Country men, that is in their language, A place where ships may lie as sure as in a Haven. The same name is given to all the Country that lies round about: such as speak the English tongue, name both the creak of the sea, and the country, Lochabre, but altogether without reason, and indecently. These three Countries, Habre, The broadness of Scotland. Buquhan. Badzenoch, and Mar, comprehend the breadth of Scotland, betwixt the two seas. Next unto Marre, Northward lies Buquhan, divided from Marre by the water of Dune. This Country runs farthest in the German Sea, of all the Countries of Scotland; fertile in store, and increase of the ground, and in itself, sufficient to satisfy for all other commodities necessary for the Country. There is abundance of Salmond fish taken in all the waters thereof, except Rattry, wherein to this hour, was never seen any Salmond. Upon the coast of Buquhan, there is a cave, the nature whereof is not to be forgotten. From the crown of the Cave, A strange. thing. there drops down water, which water, upon the instant, is turned into little round stones. If the Cave were not from time to time cleansed by man's labour, it would in short space be filled to the head. The stone that is engendered of this water, is of nature half stone, half Ice, fresh and never growing solid, as the Marble doth. When I was in Tollosse, about the year of God, 1544. I understood by credible men, that there was a Cave, into the Pireneé mounts, near unto the place of their habitation, like unto this Cave in all things. Boyne & Enzeé. Boyne and Enzeé lie from Buquhan, Northward to Spey, which divides them from Murray. Spey springs forth of the northside of the mountains of Badzenoch, whereof we have made mention; and not far from the spring thereof is a Loch, forth of the which, comes the water of Lute, running into the West sea. By report, there was at the mouth of this water, a good Town, named Innerluther, from the name of the water. Surely, if we will consider the nature of the people that dwell thereabouts, the commodity of sailing and portage by sea, this is very proper for an Haven. The ancient Kings alured by these commodities, sometime dwelled there, in the Castle of Enone, which Castle, many at this time (sinisterly informed) suppose to be Dunstaffage: for the ruins and signs of Dunstaffage, even to this day may be seen in Lorne. There are some small Countries cast in betwixt Buquhan and the Westsea, which (having no notable thing worthy of memory within them) we overpass. Murray. Murray lies betwixt Spey and Naes, sometime named, as some suppose, Verar. The German sea running betwixt these two waters backward, makes the shire narrow, and yet for the quantity, it is wealthy in corn and store, and is the first country of Scotland for pleasure and commodities of fruitful trees. There are two towns in it, Elgin, upon the water of Loxi, keeping at this day the ancient name; and Innernes, upon the water of Naes. Naes comes forth of a Loch 34 miles of length, A Loch of a strange nature. named Lochnaes. The water of Naes is almost always warm, and at no time so cold that it freezeth: yea, in the most cold time of winter, broken ice falling in it, is dissolved, by the heat thereof. West from lochna's, there lies eight miles of continent ground: and that small piece is the only impediment that the seas join not, and make the remanent of Scotland an Island: for all the land that lies betwixt the straight and the Deucalidon sea, is cutted by creeks and Loches of salt water running into the land. The country that lies by North Naes, and these straits, is commonly divided in four Provinces, Navern, or, as the common people name it, Stranauerne, from the water of Narn. From the mouth of Naes, where it enters into the German sea, Rosse: the description thereof. North, lies Rosse, shooting into the sea, in great promontories or heads, as the word itself expresseth: For Rosse in Scottish, is called, An head. The country of Rosse is of greater length, than breadth, extended from the German to the Deucalidon sea, where it riseth in craggy and wild hills, and yet in the plain fields thereof, there is as great fertility of Corn, as in any other part of Scotland. There is in Rosse, pleasant dales with waters, and Loches full of fishes, specially Lochbroome. It is broad at the Deucalidon sea, and grows narrow by little and little, turning southward. From the other shore, the German sea (winning the self an entry betwixt high Clints) runs within the land in a wide bosom, and makes an healthful port and sure refuge against all tempests and storms: The entry of it is easy, and within it, is a very sure Haven, against all injuries of sea, and a Haven for great Navies of ships. Navarne. Next unto Rosse Northward: is Navarn, so named, from the water of Navarn, which the common people (following the custom of their country speech) calleth, Stranauerne. Rosse-marches with Stranauerne at the South. The Deucalidon sea, at the West and North, runs about it, and at the East it joins with Caithnes. Sotherland. Sotherland, is so cast in amongst these countries, that it is neighbour to them all, and marches with every one of them at some part. At the West, it hath Stranauerne: at the East, Rosse: and at the North, Caithnes, lying over against it. The Country people, in respect of the nature of the ground, are more given to store then to Corne. There is no singular thing in it that I know, Hills of white Marble. except the hills of white Marble: a rare wonder in cold countries, and serving for no purpose, because that overgreat delicacy, the curious carver of such things, is not entered in that country. Caithnes, Caithnes. where it marches with Stranauerne, is the furthest North country of all Scotland. And those two Countries draw the breadth of Scotland into a narrow front. In them are three promontories or heads: the highest whereof, is in Navernia, named by Ptolemy, Orcas, or Taruidum. The other two, not altogether so high, are in Caithnes, Veruedrum, now named Hoya; and Berubrum, untruly by Boetius called Dume, now commonly called Dunnesbey, or by some, Duncans-bey. Of this word (as appeareth, some letters taken away) the word Dunsbey is come. At the foot of the hill, there is a pretty creak, which they that travel from Orknay by sea, use for an haven. creak is commonly called a Bay. This creak then being named by such as dwelled thereabout Duncans-bey or Dunnachis-bey, the common people joining both the words in one, have (in their fashion) made the word Dunsbey. In this Country Ptolemy places Carnavij, of which names, there remain yet some signs: for the Earl of Caithnes chief Castle is named Gernigo. It appears, that the people named by Ptolemy, Cornauij, were called by the britains, Kernici: for indeed, not only in this Country, but also in the furthest place of this I'll, that is in Cornewales, he places the people, named Cornauij, and they that speak the Britain tongue, call the same people, Kernici. It may be, that he should not judge amiss, that should esteem Cornewales to be spoken for Kernice-wales, taking that name from the Frenchmen, called Kernici. It appeareth likewise, that some signs of this name, although obscure, remained in the midst of the I'll: For Beda writes, that the beginning of Severus wall, was not far from the abbey of Kebercurnike; but in these places now, there is no appearance of any abbey. Yet there is in that part, a Castle of Douglases, ruinous and half decayed, named Abircorne. Whether one of these words, or both, be corruptly driven for Kernici, I leave the Reader to judge. Of the Isles of Scotland in general. NOw resteth it to speak somewhat of the Isles, the part of all the Britain History, involved in greatest errors. We will leave the most ancient writers, of whom we have no certainty, and follow that which men of our own time, more truly and clearly have written. The desdivided. They divide all the Isles, (which, as it were, crown Scotland) in three classes or ranks, the West Iles, Orkenay Iles, and Shetland Iles. They call them West, that lie in the Deucalidon sea, from Ireland almost to Orknay, upon the West side of Scotland. They that either in our Father's days or ours, have written any thing of Britain, call these Isles Hebrides, (a new name indeed) whereof they bring neither ground, nor evidence from the ancient writers. Some writers have placed Aebudae, Aemode, or Acmode, in that part of that Sea: But so diversly, that they scarcely agree, either in the number, the situation, or names. Strabo (to begin at him, as most ancient) perchance may be pardoned, for that in his time, that part of the world was not sufficiently explored, and he therefore hath but followed the uncertain brute. Mela reckoneth seven Aemodae; Martianus Capella also many Acmodae; Ptolomeus and Solinus five Aebudae. Plinius seven Acmodae and thirty Aebudae. We will retain the name that is most frequent and common amongst the ancients, and call all the West Iles Aebudae, and show their situation, the nature of every one of them, and commodities thereof, out of recent authors, that have lately written, as most certain. First, we will follow Donald Munro, a man both godly and diligent, who traveled all these Isles upon his feet, and saw them perfectly with his eyes. They lie scattered into the Deucalidon sea, The numbers of the Scottish Isles are 300 Isles and above. to the number of 300. and above. Of old, the Kings of Scotland kept these Isles in their own possession, until the time of Donald, brother to King Malcome the 3. who gave them to the king of Norway, upon condition, that he should assist him, in usurping of the kingdom of Scotland, against law and reason. The Danes and Norway people kept possession of them for the space of 160. years: and then King Alexander the third, overcoming the Danes and Norway men in a great battle, thrust them out of the Isles: yet afterward they attempted to recover their liberty, partly, trusting to their own strength; and partly, moved by sedidions in the main land of this Country, creating Kings of themselves, as not long ago, john (of the house of Clandonald) did usurp the name of King, as others had done before. In food, raiment, and all things pertaining to their family, they use the ancient frugality of the Scots. Their banquets are hunting and fishing. The manner of their banquets. They seeth their flesh in the ●ripe, or else in the skin of the beast, filling the same full of water. Now and then in hunting, they strain out the blood, Their drink. and eat the flesh raw. Their drink is the broth of sodden flesh. They love very well the drink made of whey, and kept certain years, drinking the same at feasts: It is named by them, Blandium. The most part of them drink water. Their custom is to make their bread of Oats and Barley, (which are the only kinds of grain that grow in those parts:) Experience (with time) hath taught them to make it in such sort, that it is not unpleasant to eat. They take a little of it in the morning, and so passing to the hunting, or any other business, content themselves therewith, without any other kind of meat, till even. They delight in marled clothes, Their attire, coloured garments. specially, that have long stripes of sundry colours: They love chiefly purple and blue. Their predecessors used short mantles, or plaids of divers colours, sundry ways divided: and amongst some, the same custom is observed to this day: but for the most part now, they are brown, most near to the colour of the Hadder: to the effect, when they lie amongst the Hadder, the bright colour of their plaids shall not bewray them: with the which, rather coloured, then clad, they suffer the most cruel tempests that blow in the open field, in such sort, that under a writhe of Snow, Their manner of lodging. they sleep sound. In their houses also, they lie upon the ground, laying betwixt them and it, Brakens, or Hadder, the roots thereof down, and the tops up, so prettily laid together, that they are as soft as featherbeds, and much more wholesome: for the tops themselves are dry of nature, whereby it dries the weak humours, & restores again the strength of the sinews troubled before, and that so evidently, that they, who at evening go to rest sore and weary, rise in the morning whole and able. As none of these people care for featherbeds and bedding, so take they greatest pleasure in rudeness and hardness. If for their own commodity, or upon necessity, they travel to any other Country, they reject the featherbeds and bedding of their Host. They wrap themselves in their own plaids, so taking their rest: careful indeed, lest that barbarous delicacy of the main Land (as they term it) corrupt their natural and Country hardness. Their armour in time of war. Their armour wherewith they cover their bodies in time of war, is an Iron Bonnet, and an Habbergion, side, almost even to their heels. Their weapons against their enemies, are bows and arrows. The arrows are for the most part hooked, with a barble on either side, which once entered within the body, cannot be drawn forth again, unless the wound be made wider. Some of them fight with broad swords and axes. In place of a drum, they use a bagpipe. They delight much in music, but chiefly in Harps and Clairschoes of their own fashion. The strings of the Clairschoes are made of brasse-wire, and the strings of the Harps, of sinews: which strings, they strike either with their nails, growing long; or else with an Instrument appointed for that use. They take great pleasure to deck their Harps and Clairschoes with silver and precious stones: and poor ones, that cannot attain hereunto, deck them with Crystal. They sing verses prettily compound, containing (for the most part) praises of valiant men. There is not almost any other argument, whereof their rhymes entreat. They speak the ancient French language, altered a little. THE ISLES LYING ABOUT Scotland, that speak the ancient language, called the West Iles, are these that follow. THe first of them all, is the I'll of Man, untruly by some men named Mon: by the ancients called Dubonia, by Paulus Orosius, Menenia, or rather Maenante, and in the old country speech, Manium. Before this time, there was a Town in it, named Sodora, wherein the Bishop of the Isles had his seat. It lies almost midway betwixt Ireland and Cumbir, a Country of England, and Galloway, a Country of Scotland, 24 miles in length, and 18 in breadth. Next unto Man, is Ailsay, into the Firth of Clyde: an hard high craig on all sides, except at an entry. It is never occupied by any man, but that at sometimes there come a great number of Boats there to fish keeling. There are many Coneys and Sea-fowles in it, specially of that kind, which we call Solayne-geeses. It hath Carrik upon the north-east, Ireland upon the Northwest almost, and Kyntyre upon the Southeast. Four and twenty miles from Ailsay, lies Arrane, almost direct North, 24 miles of length, and 16 of breadth. All the whole Island riseth in high and wild mountains. It is manured only upon the sea side. Where the ground is lowest, the sea runs in, and makes a well large creak into it: the entries whereof are closed by the Island Molas, the hills rising on all sides, and breaking the rage of the winds, in such sort, that within is a very sure haven for ships: and in the waters, which are always calm, such abundance of fish, that if there be more taken than the Country people think should serve them for a day, they cast them in again into the sea, as it were in a stank. Not far from Arrane lies the little Isle Flada, fertile of Coneys. Farther in it, is situate the I'll of Bute, within the Firth of Clyde, eight miles of length, and four in breadth: distant from Arrane, as is said, eight miles' Southeast, and from Argyle south-west, little more than half a mile from Cunnynghame, which lies by-East of it, six miles. It is a low Country, commodious enough for Corn and store: In it is a town of the same name, An ancient Castle. and therein is the old Castle of Rosa. There is another Castle in the midst of it, named Cames, in their own language, in Greek Kamcos: that is, very crooked. The I'll Mernoca, a mile of length, and half a mile of breadth, lies low Southwestward, well manured and fertile for the quantity. Within the Firth of Clyde, lies little Cambra, and great Cambra, not far distant one from another. Great Cambra is fertile of Corn, and little Cambra of fallow Deer. From the Mule of Kyntyre Littia, more than a mile, is Porticosa avona, getting that name from the creak of Walter, that kept the Danes Navy there, at what time they had the Isles in their hands. From the same Mule Northwest, over against the coast of Ireland, lies Rachuda: and from Kyntyre four miles, the little Isle Caraia: and not far from thence, Gigaia, six miles of length, and a mile and a half of breadth. jura. Twelve miles from Gigaia, lies jura, four and twenty miles of length. The shoreside of jura is well manured, and the inward part of the Country is clad with wood, full of Deer of sundry kinds. Some think that this I'll was named of old, Dera, which word in the Gothicke tongue signifieth a Deer. Two miles from jura, lies Scarba, in length, from the East to the West, four miles, and a mile in breadth: in few places occupied. The tide of the sea betwixt this I'll and jura, is so violent, that it is not possible to pass it, either by sail or air, except at certain times. At the back of this I'll, are many unworthy little islands scattered here and there. Ballach, or Genistaria, Gearastilla, Longaia, the 2. Fidlais, the 3. Barbais, distinguished by their own proper names, Culbremna, Dunum, Coilp, Cuparia, Beluahua, Vikerana, Vitulina, Lumga, Seila, Scana. These three last Isles are indifferent fertile of corn and store, and pertain to the Earls of Argyle. Next unto them is Sklata: so named, from a Sklait quarre that is in it. Then Naguisoga and Eisdalfa, and Skennia, and that which is named Thiana, from an herb hurtful to the corns, Lutea. called Gulled, not unlike to the herb Lutea, but that it is somewhat more waterish coloured. Vderga, and the king's Island: then Duffa, that is, black: and the Island of the Church, and Triaracha, and then the Island Ardua, Hun●lis, Viridi●, and Ericca. Item, Arboraria, Capra●ia, Cunicularia, and it, that is named the Island of Idlemen: and Abridica, and Lismora, wherein sometime was the Bishop's feat of Argyle: It is eight miles of length, and two in breadth. In this Island, besides the commodities that it hath common with the rest, there are Ours of metals. Then Ouilia, the Island Traiecte, the Island Garna (that is sharp) the Island of the stane. Gressa, and the great Island, Ardiescara, Musadilla, and Bernera, sometime called the holy Girth, notable by the tree Taxus, which grows in it. Taxus, a tree not unlike to the Fir-tree, but the fruit thereof is venomous. Molochasgia, Drinacha, full of thorns and Bourtree, over-covered with the ruins of old houses. Wrichtoun, fertile of wood. Item, Ransa, Kernera. The greatest Island, next unto jura, westward, is Yla, 24. miles of length, and sixteen of breadth, extended from the South, to the North, abundant in store, Cornea, Dear and Lead. There is a fresh water in it, called Laia, and a creak of salt water, and therein are many islands: In it also, is a fresh water Loch, wherein stands the Island, named Fulnigania, sometime the chief seat of all the Iles-men. There the Governor of the Isles, usurping the name of a King, was wont to dwell. near unto this Island, and somewhat less than it, is the round Island, taking the name from Counsel: for therein was the justice seat, and fourteen of the most worthy of the Country, did minister justice unto all the rest, continually, and entreated of the weighty affairs of the Realm, in counsel, whose great equity and discretion kept peace both at home and abroad, and with peace, was the companion of peace, abundance of all things. Betwixt Ila and jura, lies a little Island, taking the name from a Cairne of stones. At the Southside of Ila, do lie these islands: Colurna, Muluo●is, Os●una, Brigidana, Corskera, the low Island, Imersga, Beathia, Texa, Ouicularia, Noasiga, Vinarda, Cava, Tarsheria. The great Island Auchnarra, Island like a man. the Island made like a man, the Island of john Slakbadis. At the west corner of Ila, lies Ouersa, where the sea is most tempestuous, and at certain hours unnavigable. The merchants Island. And Southwest-ward from it, Island of Weavers. Vsabrasta, Tanasta, and Nefa. The weavers Island. Eight miles from Ila, somewhat towards the North, lies Ornansa. Next unto it, the Swine's Island. Half a mile from Ornansa, Colnansa. North from Colnansa, lies the Mule, twelve miles distant from Ila. This I'll is four and twenty miles of length, and as much in breadth, unpleasant indeed, but not unfruitful of Corns. There are many woods in it, many herds of Deer, and a good haven for ships: There are in it two waters, entering into the Sea, over against the Dough Island: and there are two waters, well spread of Salmond fish, and some strips not altogether empty thereof. There are also two Loches in it, and in every one of the Loches an Island, and in every Island a tower. The sea running into this Island at four sundry parts, makes four salt-water Loches therein, all four abounding in Herring. To the Northwest lies Calumbaria, or the Dough Island: to the Southest, Era: both the one and the other profitable for Bestial, for Corns, and for fishings. From this Island, two miles, lies the Island of Sanctcolme, two miles of length, and more than a mile of breadth, fertile of all things, that that part of the heaven useth to produce: Renowned by the ancient monuments of that country, but most esteemed for the sincere holiness and discipline of Sanctcolme. There were in this Island, two Abbeys, one of Monks, another of grey Friars: a Court, (or as it is termed at this time) a parish Church, with many chapels, builded of the liberality of the Kings of Scotland, and governors of the Iles. When as the English men had taken Eubonia, and therein the ancient seat of the Bishops of the Isles, they placed their seat into the old Cloister of Sanctcolme. There is as yet remaining amongst the old ruins, a burial place, or Churchyard, common to all the Noble families of the West Iles, wherein there are three tombs, higher than the rest, distant every one from another a little space, and three little houses situated to the East, builded severally upon the three tombs: upon the west parts whereof, there are stones graven, expressing whose tombs these were, Burial places of the Kings of Scotland. which stand in the midst, bearing this title: The tombs of the Kings of Scotland. It is said there were 48. Kings of Scotland buried there. The tomb upon the right side, hath this inscription: Kings of Ireland. The Tombs of the Kings of Ireland. It is recorded, that there were four Kings of Ireland buried there. It, that is upon the left side, hath this inscription: The Tombs of the Kings of Norway. Kings of Norway. The report is, that there were eight Kings of that Nation buried there. The notable houses of the Isles, have their Tombs in the rest of the Churchyard, every one severally by themselves. There are about this Island, and near unto it, six little islands, not unfruitful, given by the ancient Kings of Scotland, and governors of the Isles, to the Abbey of Sanctcolme. Soa is a very profitable ground for sheep, albeit the chief commodity of it consists in sea-fowles that build therein, specially of their eggs. Next unto it, is the I'll of Women. Then Rudana. near unto it, Bernira: and from that, Skennia, half a mile distant from the Mule. It hath a Priest of the own, but the most part of the parishioners dwell in Mule. The sea sides of it abound in Coneys. Five miles hence, lieth Frosa: all these Isles are subject to the Monks of Saint Colmes Abbey. Two miles from Frosa, lieth Vilua, five miles of length, fruitful for the quantity of Corn and store. It hath a commodious Haven for galleys or boats. Upon the South side of it, lieth Toluansa, the ground whereof is not unfruitful. There is a wood of Nut-trees in it. About three hundred paces from this Island, lieth Gomatra, two miles long, and one mile broad, extended from the North to the South. From Gomatra four miles Southward, lies 2. Staffae, the one and the other full of Havening places. Four miles' Southeast from Staffa, lie two islands, named Kerimburgae, the more and the less, environed with such shore, high, and furious tide, that by their own natural defence, (supported somewhat by the industry of man) they are altogether invincible. One mile from them, lies an Island, whereof the whole earth almost is black, grown together of rotten wood and moss. The people make peats of it for their fire: wherefrom it is called Monadrum: for that kind of earth, which in the English language is called Moss, in the Irish is called Monadrum. Next unto this I'll, lieth Longa, 2. miles of length, and Bacha half as much. From Bacha 6. miles lies Tiria, eight miles in length, and three in breadth. Most fertile of all the Islands, in all things necessary for the sustentation of man. It aboundeth in store of Corns, fishings, and Sea-fowles. In this Island, there is a freshwater Loch, and therein an old Castle. It hath also an haven not incommodious for boats. From this Island two miles, lies Sunna, and from Sunna as far lieth Colla, twelve miles of length, and two miles of breadth, a fertile Island. Not far from it, is Calfa, almost all full of wood. And then two islands, named meekle Viridis, and little Viridis. Item, other two of the same names. Over against the Mules head, and not far from it, lie two Islands, named Glassae, and then Ardan-eidir, that is, the high Island of the rider. Then Luparia, or the Wolf Island: and after it a great I'll, lying North from the Island Colla, extended East and West. Then Ruma, sixteen miles in length, and six in breadth, rising high in straight hills, full of woods, and scrogges, and for that cause, it is inhabited in very few places. The Sea-fowles lay their eggs here and there, in the ground thereof. In the midst of the spring time, when the eggs are laid, any man that pleaseth may take of them. In the high rocks thereof, the Sea-guse, whereof we spoke before, are taken in abundance. From this Island, four miles' North-east-ward, Horse-Iland. Swine-Iland. lies the Horse Island; and from it half a mile, the Swine Island, for the quantity fruitful enough in all things necessary. The Falcon buildeth in it. It hath also an haven. Not far from it, lies Canna and Egga, little islands, fertile enough. In Egga are Solan-geeses. Soabrittella, more profitable for hunting, then for any other commodity necessary for man. From this Island the I'll of Sky, greatest of all the islands that are about Scotland, lies North and South, 40. miles in length, and eight miles broad in some places, and in other places 12. miles, rising in hills, in sundry places full of woods and pastorage. The ground thereof fertile in corn and store: and besides all other kinds of bestial, fruitful of Mares, for breeding of horse. It hath five great rivers, rich of Salmond, and many little waters, not altogether bare thereof. The sea running into the land on all sides, make many salt-waters, three principal, and 13. others, all rich in herring. There is in it a freshwater Loch, and five Castles. The I'll, in the old Scottish tongue, is called Scianacha, that is, winged: because the heads, betwixt the which the Sea runneth into the land, spreadeth out like wings: but by common custom of speech, it is called Sky, that is, a wing. About the Sky, lie little islands, scattered here and there. Oronsa, fertile in corn and store. Cunicularia, full of bushes and Coneys. Paba, infamous for throat-cutting. For that in the woods thereof, robbers lie in ambushments, to trap them that pass that way .8. miles' south-west from it lies Scalpa, which, (besides sundry other commodities) hath woods full of troops of Dear. Betwixt the mouth of Zochcarron and Raorsa, lies Crulinga, seven miles of length, and two of breadth: there is a sure haven in it for ships. There are in it also, woods of Buck, and Dear in them. Half a mile from Crulinga, is Rona, full of wood, and Hadder. There is an haven in the innermost Loch thereof, perilous for robbery, to them that pass that way, because it is a meet place to hide ambushments in. In the mouth of the same Loch, is an Island of the same name, called for shortness, Gerloch. From Rona six miles Northward, lies Flada: two miles from Flada, Euilmena. Upon the south side of Sky, lies Oronsa: and a mile from it Knia, Pabra, and great Bina: and then five little unworthy islands. Next unto them is, Isa, fertile in corns. Beside it, is Ouia, than Askerma, and Lindella .8. miles from Sky southward, lies Linga, and Gigarmena, Benera, Megala, Pava, Flada, Scarpa Veruecum, Sandara, Vatersa: Which, besides many other commodities, hath a haven, commodious for a number of great ships, whereinto fishermen of all countries about, convene certain times of the year ordinarily. These last nine islands, are subject to the Bishop of the Iles. 2. miles from Vatersa, is Barra, running from the Northwest, to the southeast, 7. miles in length, fruitful of corns, and profitable for fish. There runneth into it, a Loch, with a narrow throat, growing round and wide within. In it there is an inch, and in the inch a strong Castle. Upon the northside of Barra, there riseth an hill, full of herbs from the foot to the head, upon the top whereof, is a fresh water well. The spring that runneth from this well, to the next sea, A strange kind of fish. carries with it little things, like as they were quick, but having the shape of no beast, which appear (although obscurely) in some respect, to represent the fish, that we call commonly, Cockles. The people that dwell there, call that part of the shore, whereunto these things are carried, The great sands: Because, that when the sea ebbs, there appeareth nothing but dry sands, the space of a mile. Out of these sands, the people dig out great Cocles, which the neighbours about judge either to grow (as it were) of that seed, that the springs do bring from the well, or else indeed, to grow in that sea. Betwixt Barra, and Witted, lie these little islands following: Oronsa, Onia, Hakerseta, Garnlanga, Flada, great Buya, little Buya, Haya, Hell saea, Gygaia, Lingaia, Foraia, Fudaia, Eriscaia. From these islands, Vistus lies Northward, 34 miles of length, and 6 miles of breadth. The tide of the sea, running into two places of this I'll, causeth it to appear three islands: but when the tide is out, it becometh all one Island. In it are many fresh water loaches, specially one, three miles long. The sea hath worn in upon the land, and made itself a passage to this Loch, and can never be holden out, albeit the inhabitants have made a wall of sixty foot broad, to that effect. The water entereth in amongst the stones, that are builded up together, and leaves behind it, at the ebb, many sea-fish. There is a fish in it, like to the Salmond in all things, except, that with the white womb, it hath a black back, and wanteth skailes. Item, in this Island are innumerable freshwater loaches. There is in it caves covered over with Hadder, that are very dens for knaves. In it are five churches. 8 miles' West, from it lies Helsther Vetularum, so named, (as I believe) because it appertaineth to the Nuns of the I'll of jone. A little further North, riseth Haneskera: about this Island, at certain times of the year, are many Sealches, they are taken by the countrymen. south-west, almost sixty miles from Haneskera, lies Hirta, fertile in corn and store, specially in sheep, which are greater than the sheep of any the other islands: The Inhabitants thereof are rude in all kind of craft, and most rude in Religion. After the Summer Solstice, which is about the seventeenth day of june, the Lord of the Island sendeth his Chamberlain to gather his duties, and with him a Priest, A barbarous people. who baptizeth all the children that are borne the year preceding: And if it chance the Priest not to come, than every man baptizeth his own child. The tenants pay to their Lords, certain number of Sealches, of Reisted Wedders, and Sea-fowles. The whole Island passeth not one mile in length, and as much in breadth. There is no part of it, that can be seen by any of the other islands, except three hills, which are upon the coast thereof, and may be seen from high places of some other islands. In these hills are very fair sheep, but scarcely may any man get to them for the violence of the tide. Now let us return to Wistas. From the North point thereof, is the Island Velaia, one mile of breadth, and twice as long. Betwixt this point, and the Island Harea, lie these islands following, little of quantity, but not unfruitful: Soa, Stroma, Pabaia, Barneraia, Emsaia, Keligira, Little Saga, Great Saga, Harmodra, Scarua, Grialinga, Cillinsa, Hea, Hoia, Little Soa, Great Soa, Isa, Little Seuna, Great Seuna, Taransa, Slegana, Tuemen. Above Horea, is Scarpa, and half a mile towards the West, Equinoctial from the Lewis, lie seven little islands, which some name Flananae, some holy places of girth and refuge, rising up in hills that are full of herbs, but unlaboured of any man. There is never almost one four-footed beast in them, except wild sheep, which are taken by hunters, but they serve of no purpose for eating, because in stead of flesh, they have a kind of fatness: and if there be any flesh upon them, it is so unpleasant, that no man (unless he be very sore oppressed with extreme hunger) will taste of it. Further North, in the same rank, lies Garn Ellan: that is, the hard I'll. Lamba, Flada, Kellasa, Little Barnera, Great Barnera, Kirta, Little Bina, Great Bina, Vexaia, Pabaia, Great Sigrama, Cunicularia, so named from the plenty of Coneys that are there, Little Sigrama: The Island of the Pygmies. In this Island is a church, Island of Pygmies. wherein the Pygmies were buried (as they that are neighbours to the Island, believe.) Sundry strangers digging deeply in the ground, sometimes have found, and yet to this day do find very little round heads, and other little bones of man's body, which seems to approve the truth, and appearance of the common brute. In the north-east side of the Island Leogus, there are two Loches running forth of the sea, named the North and South Loches, wherein at all times of the year, there is abundance of fish for all men that list to take them. From the same side of the Loch, somewhat more Southerly, lies Fabilla, Adam's Island, the Lamb Island, Item Hulmetia, Adam's Island. Viccoilla, Hanarera, Laxa, Era, the Dow Island, Tora, Iffurta, Sealpa, Flada, Senta: At the East side whereof, there is a passage under the earth, vaulted above a flight shoot of length, into the which little boats may either sail or row, for eschewing of the violent tide, raging with great noise and danger of them that sail betwixt the Island and the head that is next unto it. Somewhat Eastward, lies an Island, named Old Castle, a room strong of nature, and sufficient enough to nourish the inhabitants in corns, fish, and eggs of Sea-fowles that build in it. At that side where Lochbrien enters, is situate the Island Eu, all full of woods only meet to cover thieves, who lie in wait for passengers coming that way. More Northerly, lies the Island Grumorta, and it is likewise full of woods, and haunted by throat-cutters. The Island, named the Priest's Island, lies that same way, profitable for pastourage of sheep, and full of Sea-fowles. Next unto it is Afulla. Neighbour to Afulla, is great Habrera: then little Habrera, and near unto it, Horse-Ile. the Horse-Ile: and besides that again, the Island Marta Ika. These last mentioned Islands, lie all before the entry of Lochbrien, and from them Northward, lie Haray and Lewis, 16 miles of length, and 16 of breadth. These three make an Island, which is not divided by any haven or port of the Sea, but by the several Lordships of the heritors thereof. The South part, is commonly named Haray: In it sometime was the Abbey named Roadilla, builded by Maccleude Hareis. It is a Country fertile enough in Corns, but yet the increase cometh rather of digging, and delving, than by ear-ring with the plough. There is good pastourage for sheep in it, chiefly a high hill over-covered with grass, to the very top. Master Donald Monro, a learned and godly man, saith, that when he was there, he saw sheep (as old as that kind of Bestial useth to be) feeding masterless, pertaining peculiarly to no man, the commodity whereof is the greater, for that there is neither Wolf, Fox, or Serpent seen there: albeit that betwixt that part, and Lewis, there be great woods full of Deer, but they are of stature low, and not great of body. In that part also of the Island, is a water, well stored of Salmond fishes. Upon the North side of it, it is well manured upon the sea side. There are in it four Churches, one Castle, seven great running waters, and twelve less, all (for their quantities) plentiful of Salmond fish. The sea enters within the land in divers parts of the Island, making sundry salt water Loches, all plentiful of Herring. There is in it great commodity of sheep, which feed at their pleasure upon the hadder, and amongst the bushes and craigs. The Inhabitants gather them together every year once, either within some narrow room, or else within some flaik folds, and there conform to the ancient custom of the Country, they pluck off the wool of them. The most part of the high land hereof, is moory ground: the superfice whereof is black, congealed together by long progress of time, of moss and rotten wood, to the thickness of a foot, or thereabouts: the upper scruffe is cast in long thick turfs, dried at the Sun, and so won to make fire of, and burnt in stead of wood. The next year after, they muck the bare ground, where the scruffe was taken away, with sea ware, and sow Barley upon it. In this Island is such abundance of Whales taken, Whales. that (as aged men report) the Priests will get of small and great together, 27 Whales for their tenth. There is also in this Island, a great Cave, wherein the sea at a low water abides two fathom high, and at a full sea, it is more than four fathom deep: people of all sorts and ages sit upon the rocks thereof, with hook and line, taking innumerable multitude of all kind of fishes. Southeast from Lewis, almost threescore miles, there is a little Island low and plain, well manured, named Rona, the Inhabitants thereof, are rude men, and almost without religion. The Lord of the ground limits certain number of households to occupy it, appointing for every household, few or many sheep, according to his pleasure, whereon they may easily live and pay him his rent. Whatsoever rests at the years end, more than their necessary sustentation, they send the same yearly to Lewis to their master. The rent for the most part which they pay, A happy people. is barley meal, sewed up in sheepskins in great quantity, (amongst them grows no store of any other kind of grain.) Mutton, and so many sea-fowles dried at the Sun, as they themselves leave uneaten at the years end, are sent to their master. And in case, at any time the number of persons increase in their houses, they give all that exceed the ordinary number, to their master; so that in my opinion, they are the only people in the world that want nothing, but hath all things for themselves in abundance, uncorrupt with lechery or avarice, and are endued with innocency and quietness of mind (which other people with great travel seek out by the institutions and precepts of Philosophy) purchased to them by ignorance of vice, so that they appear to want nothing of the highest felicity that may be, except only, that they are ignorant of the commodity of their own condition. A miracle. There is in this Island, a Chapel, dedicated to Saint Ronan: wherein (as aged men report) there is always a Spade, wherewith, when as any is dead, they find the place of his grave marked. In it, besides divers kinds of fishings, there are many Whales taken. Sixteen miles' West from this Island, lies Suilkeraia, a mile in length, but in it grows no kind of herb, no not so much as Hadder: There is only black craggy hills in it, and some of them covered with black moss. Sea-fowles lay their eggs in sundry places thereof, and do hatch. When they are near their flight, the inhabitants of Leogus, next neighbours unto it, sail thither, and remain there eight days, or thereabout, to take and gather the fowls, drying them at the wind, and load their boats with the dried flesh and feathers thereof. In that Island is seen a rare kind of fowl, A strange kind of Fowl, haunting in the I'll of Suilkeraia. unknown to other countries, named Colca, little less in quantity, than a Goose. These fowls come there every year in the Spring time, hatch and nourish their young ones, till they be able to live by themselves. About that same very time, they cast their feathers, and become stark naked of all their body, and then they get themselves to the sea, and are never seen again, till the next Spring. This farther is notable in them: their feathers have no stalk, as other fowls feathers have, but they are all covered with a light feather, like unto Down, wherein is no kind of hardness. The Isles of Orkenay in the North of Scotland. Now follow the Isles of Orkenay, lying scattered, partly in the Deucalidon sea, partly in the German seas, towards the North parts of Scotland. The ancient writers, and the late writers, both agree sufficiently upon their name; but yet never man (so far as I know) hath given any reason of the same, neither yet is it sufficiently known, who were the first possessors thereof. All men notwithstanding, allege their original to be from Germany, but of which country they are descended, none hath expressed: Unless we list to conjecture from their speech they sometime spoke, and yet speak the ancient language of the Goths. Some are of opinion, that they were Pights, chiefly persuaded hereunto, through their division by the sea named Perth, and Firth from Caithnes, who likewise suppose, that the Pights were of their original Saxons, moved hereunto by the verse of Claudian, taken out of his 7. Panegericke: Maduerunt Saxone fuso Orcades, incaluit Pictorum sanguine Thule, Scotorum cumulos flevit glacialis jerne. But these men's errors may be easily confuted, partly by Beda, an English Saxon himself, who affirms, that God was praised in seven sundry languages amongst the Britain's: and that the Pights language was one of them, may well appear; for if that at that time the Pights had spoken Saxon, (which was then the uncorrupted speech of the Englishmen) he would then have made no division betwixt the Saxons, and the Pights language: and party also confuted by Claudian himself, who in the very same verses, disertly noteth the Pights, a several people from the Saxons, affirming, the Country of the one nation to be Orknay, and the Country of the other, Thule: from which Country soever they be descended, at this day, their language differs both from the Scottish and English tongues, but not much differs from the Goths. A healthful country. The common people to this day, are very careful to keep the ancient frugality of their Predecessors, and in that respect they continue in good health for the most part, both in mind and body, so that few die of sickness, but all for age. The ignorance of delicacy, is more profitable to them, for preservation of their health, than the Art of medicine, and diligence of Mediciners is to others. The same their frugality, is a great help to their beauty and quantity of stature. There is small increase of Corns amongst them, except of Oats and Barley, whereof they make both bread and drink. They have sufficient store of quick goods, Neat, Seepe and Goats, and thereby great plenty of milk, cheese and butter. They have innumerable sea Fowls: whereof (and of fish, for the most part) they make their common food. There is no venomous beast in Orknay, No venomous beast in Orknay. Their Horse. nor none that is evil favoured to look upon. They have little Nags, little worth in appearance, but more able & mettelled for any turn, than men can believe. There is no kind of tree, no not so much as a sprig in Orknay, except Hadder: The cause hereof, is not so much in the air and ground, as in the sloth of the Inhabitants. This may be easily proved by roots of trees that are taken out of the ground, in sundry parts of the I'll. When Wine comes there in ships forth of strange countries, they geedily swallow it, till they be drunken. S. Magnus Bicker. They have an old Cup amongst them, which (to the effect their drunkenness may have the greater authority) they say did appertain to Saint Magnus, the first man that brought the Christian Religion into that country. This Cup exceeds far the common quantity of other Cups, so as it appears to have been kept since the banquet of the Lapiths. By it they try their Bishop first, when he comes amongst them. He that drinks out the whole cup at one draft, (which is seldom seen) is by them extolled to the skies; for hereof, as from a blithe presage, they conceive with themselves, increase in their goods, the years following. Hereupon, we may easily conjecture, that the frugality whereof I speak, proceeded not so much from reason, and care to be frugal, as from poverty and scarcity. And the same necessity (that was Mother of this frugality at the beginning.) kept her daughter long after amongst the offspring of that I'll, till such time, as the countries lying near unto it, (Luxury increasing) being corrupted, the ancient discipline by little and little deformed, they likewise gave themselves to deceitful pleasures. Their traffic also with Pirates, was a great spur to the decay of their temperancy. The Pirates fearing to frequent the company of them that dwelled in the continent land, got fresh water forth of the Isles, made exchange with the inhabitants thereof, giving them wines, and other sleight merchandise for fresh rivers, or taking the same upon slight prices from the people: who being a small number without arms, and lying so wide one from another, in a tempestuous Sea, staying and impeding their incurrence for mutual defence, and finding themselves unable to withstand those Pirates, considering also their own security, joined with advantage and pleasure, were contented, not altogether against their wills, to receive them; at least, they opponed not themselves directly unto them. The contagion of manners began not in the simple people, but it did both begin and continued in the wealthy men, and Priests. For the common sort at this day, keep some remembrance of their accustomed moderation. Dangerous seas. The Orkenay sea is so tempestuous and raging, not only in respect of the violent winds, and aspect of the heavens; but also in consideration of the contrarious tides, running headlong together from the West Ocean, that the Vessels, (coming in any straight betwixt two lands) can neither by sail nor oar, once relieve themselves of raging tides, and whirling waves of the Seas. If any dare approach the strait, they are either violently brought back into the sea, by the rage thereof, broken upon rocks, and driven upon skares, or else by the sworle of the seas, sunk in the waves thereof. These Straits may be passed at two times of the tide, when the weather is calm, either at a deep neep, or at a full sea. At these times, the great Ocean, offended with contentious tides (whose force raised huge contrary waves) sounds (as it were) the retreat, in such sort, that the surges of the seas, oft before raging, return again to their own camps. Writers agree not upon the number of these Isles of Orkenay. Plinius says there be 40. Isles of them. Others think there is but 30. or thereabout. Paulus Orosius accounting them to be 33. in number, judgeth the nearest the truth. Of these there be 13. inhabited, the remanent are reserved for nourishing of cattle. There are also some little islands amongst them, of so narrow bounds, that scarcely (albeit they were laboured) are able to sustain one or two labourers. Others are but either hard crags bare, or else crags covered with rotten Moss. The greatest of the Orkenay islands, is named by many of the ancients, Pomona: At this day, it is called, The firm land, for that it is of greater quantity than any of the rest: It is 30. miles of length, sufficiently inhabited. It hath twelve Country parish Churches, The ancient and new name of the chiefest Town in Orkenay. and one Town, named by the Danes (to whose jurisdiction these islands were sometimes subject) Cracomaca, but now the name being corrupt, it is called in Scottish Kirkwaa. In this town there are two little Towers builded, not far the one from the other: one of them appertains to the King, the other to the Bishop. Betwixt these two towers, stands one Church, very magnific for such a Country. Betwixt this Church and the towers on either side, are sundry buildings, which the Inhabitants name, The King's town, and the Bishop's town. The whole Island runs out in Promontories or heads, betwixt which, the sea runs in, and makes sure havens for ships, and harbours for boats. In six sundry places of this I'll, Ours of Lead and Tin. there are Mines of as good Lead and Tin as is to be found in any part of Britain. This Island is distant from Caithnes 24. miles or thereabouts, divided from thence by the Pights sea, of whose nature we have already spoken. In this sea are divers islands scattered here and there, of whom Stroma for the quantity, lying four miles from Caithnes, is one, and that not unfruitful: but because it lies so near to the continent land of Britain, and that the Earls of Caithnes have always been Masters and Lords thereof, it is not accounted amongst the Isles of Orknay. From this Island Northward, lies South Ranalsay, which is distant from Duncan-bey, (or rather Dunachis-bey) sixteen miles, and may be sailed with tide, although there be no wind, in the space of two hours, the course of that Sea is so vehement. Ranalsay is five miles long, and hath a commodious haven, named after Saint Margaret. From it, somewhat Eastward, there lie two little unoccupied islands, meet for pastouring of cattle, called by the Orkenay men, in their original language, Holmes; that is, plain grassy ground upon water sides. Toward the North, lies Burra; Westward lie three islands, every one of them besides another; Suna, Flata, and Fara, and beyond them, Hoia, and Walls, which some men think but one Island, and others esteem it two: for that at the time of the Equinoctials, the Spring tides are very great and high; and at the dead Neap, the sands are bare, joining them together at one strait throat, making one Island of both: Yet when the tide turns and fills the strait again, they appear to be two islands. In these Isles are the highest hills that are in all Orkenay. Hoia and Walls are ten miles of length, distant from Ranalsay eight miles, and more than 20. miles from Dunkirk in Caithnes. By North of it, is the I'll Granisa, situate in a narrow Firth, betwixt Caithnes and Pomona. The West side of Pomona looks to the West Sea directly: Into the which, so far as men may see, there is neither Island nor Craig. From the East point of Pomona, lies Cobesa; and upon the North side, it is almost environed by the Isles adjacent thereunto. Siapinsa turning somewhat East, lies 2. miles from Kirkwaá, even over against it, 6. miles of length. Right West from Siapinsa, are the two little islands, Garsa and Eglisa, 4. miles of length: In this Island they say, Saint Magnus is buried. Next unto it, and somewhat nearer the continent land, is Rusa, 4. miles of length, and 3. miles of breadth in some places, well peopled. A little westward lies the little Island Broca. Besides all these Isles, there is another band of Isles, lying to the North, the East-most whereof, is Stronza, & next it, Linga, five miles of length, and two of breadth: then sundry islands, named Holmes. The Haá five miles of length, and two of breadth. By East of it, lies Fara: and North from Fara, Wast●á, running out into the sea in many heads and promontories. Above Stronza, at the East end of Etha, lies Sanda, Northward, ten miles of length, and four of breadth, where it is broadest. Sanda is most fertile of Corn, of all the islands of Orknay; but it hath no kind of fire within itself; so the Indwellers are compelled to make exchange of their victuals for Peits (a kind of black Moss; whereof, almost all the North-parts of Scotland make their fire) with their neighbours the Ethanes. Beyond Sanda, lies North Rannalsaá, two miles of length, and two of breadth. No man may pass it, but in the midst of Summer, and that, what time the sea is very calm. Upon the Southside of Pomona, lies Rusa, six miles of length: and from it Eastward, Eglisa, wherein, as is reported, Saint Magnus is buried. From Eglisa South, Veragersa: and not far from it, Westraá: from which, Hethland is distant 80. miles, and Papastronza lies 80. miles from Hethland. In the midway betwixt, lies Fara, that is, the fair Island, standing in the sight of Orknay, and Hethland both: It riseth in three high promontories or heads, and shore craig round about, without any kind of entrance, except at the Southeast, where it grows a little lower, making a sure harborough for small boats. The Indwellers thereof are very poor: for the fishers that come out of England, Holland, and other Countries, near unto the great Ocean, yearly to fish in these seas, in their passing by this Island, they spoil, reif, and take away at their pleasures, whatsoever they find in it. Next unto this Island, is the greatest Isle of all Hethland, which in respect of the quantity, the Indwellers name, The Maneland, 16. miles of length. There are sundry promontories or heads in it, amongst which, there are only two to make account of: the one long and small, runs North: the other broader, as in some part 16. miles, runs North-east. It is inhabited for the most part upon the sea-coast. Within the country, there is no kind of quick beast, except the fowl flying. Of late the labourers attempted to manure farther within the Country than their predecessors were accustomed to do, but they reported small advantage for their pains. There is very good fishing round about the whole country, and so their commodity stands by the sea. From this Land 10. miles Northward lies Zeal, 20. miles of length, and eight miles of breadth, so wild a ground of nature, that no kind of beast will live in it, except they that are bred in the same. They say that the Bremes Merchants come thither, and bring to them all foreign wares they need, in abundance. Betwixt this Island and the main land, lie these little islands: Linga, Orna, Bigga, Sanctferri: 2. miles Northward from these, lies Vnsta, more than 20. miles of length, and six miles of breadth, a plain country, pleasant to the eye, but it is compassed by a very tempestuous sea. Via and Vra, are cast in betwixt Vnsta and Zeall. 2. islands, Skenna & Burna, lie Westward from Vnsta, Balta, Hunega, Fotlara, seven miles long, and 7. miles Eastward from Vnsta, 8. miles from Zeal: over against the sea that divides Zeal from Vnsta, lies Fotlara, more than 7. miles of length. There are divers unworthy islands lying upon the Eas●side of the main land: Mecla, the three islands of East Skennia, Chualsa, Nostvada, Brasa, and Musa. Upon the West side lie West Shemniae, Roria, little Papa, Venneda, great Papa, Valla, Trondra, Burra, great Haura, little Haura, and so many Holmes lying scattered amongst them. The Hethlandish men use the same kind of food that the Orknay men use, An Island wherein no kind of she-beast will live 24 hours together, except Kine, Ewes, Coneys and such beasts, as may be eaten. but that they are somewhat more scarce in housekeeping. They are apparelled after the Almain fashion, and according to their substance, not unseemly. Their commodity consisteth in course cloth, which they sell to Norway men, in fish, oil, & butter. They fish in little cockboats, bought from the Norway men that make them. They salted some of the fish that they take, and some of them they dry at the wind. They sell those wares, and pay their Masters with the silver thereof. A MEMORIAL OF THE MOST rare and wonderful things in Scotland. AMong many Commodities, that Scotland hath common with other Nations, it is not needful to rehearse in this place, in respect of their particulars, declared at length before: It is beautified with some rare gifts in itself, wonderful to consider, which I have thought good not to obscure (from the good Reader) as for example. In Orknay, besides the great store of sheep that feed upon the main land thereof, the Ewes are of such fecundity, that at every lambing time, they produce at least two, and ordinarily three. There be neither venom us or ravenous beasts bred there, nor do live there, although they be transported thither. In Schetland, the Isles called Thulae, at the time when the Sun enters the Sign of Cancer, for the space of twenty days, there appears no night at all; and among the rocks thereof, grows the delectable Lambre, called Succinum: Where is also great resort of the beast called the Mertrik, the skins whereof are costly furrings. In Rosse, there be great Mountains of Marble, and Alabaster. In the South of Scotland, specially in the Country's adjacent to England, there is a Dog of marvelous nature, called the Suth-hound; because, when as he is certified by words of Art, spoken by his Master, what goods are stolen, whether Horse, sheep, or Neat: immediately, he addresseth him suthly to the sent, and followeth with great impetuosity, through all kind of ground and water, by as many ambages as the thieves have used, till he attain to their place of residence: By the benefit of the which Dog, the goods are recovered. But now of late, he is called by a new popular name, the Slouth-hound: Because, when as the people do live in sloth and idleness, and neither by themselves, or by the office of a good Herd, or by the strength of a good house, they do preserve their goods from the incursion of thieves and robbers: then have they recourse to the Dog, for reparation of their sloth. In the West, and Northwest of Scotland, there is great repairing of a Fowl, called the Erne, of a marvelous nature, and the people are very curious and solist to catch him, whom thereafter they punze off his wings, that he shall not be able to fly again. This Fowl is of a huge quantity: and although he be of a ravenous nature, like to the kind of Haulks, and be of that same quality, gluttonous; nevertheless, the people do give him such sort of meat, as they think convenient, and such a great quantity at a time, that he lives contented with that portion, for the space of fourteen, sixteen, or twenty days, and some of them for the space of a month. The people that do so feed him, do use him for this intent: That they may be furnished with the feathers of his wings, when he doth cast them, for the garnishing of their arrows, either when they are at wars, or at hunting: for these feathers only do never receive rain, or water, as others do, but remain always of a durable estate, and uncorruptible. In all the Moore-land, and Mosse-land of Scotland, doth resort the black Cock, a fowl of a marvelous beauty, and marvelous bounty: for he is more delectable to eat, than a Capon, and of a greater quantity, clad with three sorts of flesh, of divers colours, and divers tastes, but all delectable to the use and nurture of man. In the two Rivers of Deé and Done, besides the marvelous plenty of Salmon fishes gotten there, there is also a marvelous kind of shellfish, called the Horse-mussell, of a great quantity: wherein are engendered innumerable fair, beautiful and delectable Pearls, convenient for the pleasure of man, and profitable for the use of Physic; and some of them so fair and polished, that they be equal to any mirror of the world. And generally, by the providence of the Almighty God, when dearth and scarcity of victuals do abound in the land, than the fishes are most plentifully taken for support of the people. In Galloway, the Loch, called Loch-myrton, although it be common to all fresh water to freeze in Winter, yet the one half of this Loch doth never freeze at any time. In the shire of Innernes: the Loch, called Lochnes, and the river flowing from thence into the sea, doth never freeze: But by the contrary, in the coldest days of Winter, the Loch and river are both seen to smoke and reek, signifying unto us, that there is a Mine of Brimstone under it, of a hot quality. In Carrik, are Cows, and Oxen, delicious to eat: but their fatness is of a wonderful temperature: that although the fatness of all other comestable beasts, for the ordinary use of man, do congeal with the cold air: by the contrary, the fatness of these beasts is perpetually liquid like oil. The wood and Park of Commernauld, is replenished with Cows and Oxen, and those at all times to this day, have been wild, and all of them of such a perfect wonderful whiteness, that there was never among all the huge number there, so much as the smallest black spot found to be upon one of their skins, horn, or cloove. In the Park of Halyrud-house, are Foxes, and Hares, of a wonderful whiteness, in great number. In Coyle, now called Kyle, is a rock, of the height of twelve foot, and as much of breadth, called the Deaf Craig, For although a man should cry never so loud, to his fellow, from the one side to the other, he is not heard, although he would make the noise of a gun. In the country of Stratherne, a little above the old town of the Pights, called Abirnethie, there is a marvelous Rock, called the Rock and stone, of a reasonable bigness, that if a man will push it with the least motion of his finger, it will move very lightly, but if he shall address his whole force, he profits nothing: which moves many people to be wonderful merry, when they consider such contrariety. In Lennox, is a great Loch, called Lochlowmond, being of length 24. miles, in breadth eight miles, containing the number of thirty Iles. In this Loche are observed three wonderful things: One is, fishes very delectable to eat, that have no fins to move themselves withal, as other fishes do. The second, tempestuous waves and surges of the water, perpetually raging without winds, and that in time of greatest calms, in the fair pleasant time of Summer, when the air is quiet. The third is, One of these Isles, that is not corroborate nor united to the ground, but hath been perpetually loose: and although it be fertile of good grass, and replenished with Neat; yet it moves by the waves of the water, and is transported sometimes towards one point, and otherwhiles toward another. In Argyle, is a stone found in divers parts, the which laid under straw or stubble, doth consume them to fire, by the great heat that it collects there. In Buquhan, at the castle of Slains is a cave, from the top whereof distills water, which within short time doth congeal to hard stones, white in colour. In this country are no Rottons seen at any time, although the land be wonderful fertile. In Lothien, within two miles of Edinburgh, Southward, is a wellspring, called, Saint Katherins well, which flows perpetually with a kind of black fatness, above the water: whereof Dioscorides makes mention. This fatness is called Bitumen aquis supernatans. It is thought to proceed of a fat mine of Coal, which is frequent in all Lothien, and specially of a sort of coal, called vulgarly the Parrot coal: For as soon as it is laid in the fire, it is so fat and gummy, that it renders an exceeding great light, dropping, frying, hissing, and making a great noise, with shedding and dividing itself in the fire, and of that marvelous nature, that as soon as it is laid in a quick fire, immediately it conceives a great flame, which is not common to any other sort of coal. This fatness; is of a marvelous virtue: That as the coal, whereof it proceeds, is sudden to conceive fire and flame, so is this oil of a sudden operation, to heal all salt scabs and humours, that trouble the outward skin of man, wheresover it be, from the middle up, as commonly those of experience have observed. All scabs in the head, and hands, are quickly healed by the benefit of this oil, and it renders a marvelous sweet smell. At Aberdeen is a well, of marvelous good quality to dissolve the stone, to expel sand from the reins and bladder, and good for the colic, being drunk in the month of july, and a few days of August, little inferior in virtue to the renowned water of the Spa in Almanie. In the North seas of Scotland, are great clogs of timber found, in the which, are marvelously engendered a sort of Geese, called Clayk-geeses, and do hang by the beak, till they be of perfection; ofttimes found, and kept in admiration for their rare form of generation. At Dumbartan, directly under the Castle, at the mouth of the river of Clyde, as it enters into the sea, there are a number of Claik-geeses, black of colour, which in the night time do gather great quantity of the crops of the grass, growing upon the land, and carry the same to the sea. Then they assemble in a round, and with a wondrous curiosity, do offer every one his own portion to the Sea-floud, and there attend upon the flowing of the tide, till the grass be purified from the fresh taste, and turned to the salt: and lest any part thereof should escape, they labour to hold it in, with labour of their nibs. Thereafter orderly every fowl eats his portion. And this custom they observe perpetually. They are very fat, and very delicious to be eaten. FINIS.