NEW ENGLISH CANAAN OR NEW CANAAN. Containing an Abstract of New England, Composed in three Books.  

The first Book setting forth the original of the Natives, their Manners and Customs, together with their tractable Name and Love towards the English.  
The second Book setting forth the natural Endowments of the Country, and what staple Commodities it yieldeth.  
The third Book setting forth, what people are planted there, their prosperity, what remarkable accidents have happened since the first planting of it, together with their Tenants and practice of their Church.   
Written by Thomas Morton of Clifford's Innegent, upon ten year's knowledge and experiment of the Country.  
Printed at AMSTERDAM, By JACOB FREDERICK STAM. In the Year 1637.   

To the right honourable, the Lords and others of his Majesty's most honourable privy Council, Commissioners, for the Government of all his Majesty's foreign Provinces.  
Right honourable  
THe zeal which I bear to the advauncement of the glory of God, the honour of his Majesty, and the good of the weal public, hath encouraged me to compose this abstract, being the model of a Rich hopeful and very beautiful Country, worthy the Title of Nature's Masterpiece, and may be lost by too much sufferance. It is but a widow's mite, yet all that wrong and rapine hath left me to bring from thence, where I have endeavoured my best, bound by my allegiance, to do his Majesty service. This in all humility I present as an offering, wherewith I prostrate myself at your honourable footstool. If you please to vouchsafe, it may receive a blessing, from the Luster of your gracious Beams, you shall make your vassal happy, in that he yet doth live, to show how ready he is and always hath been, to sacrifice his dearest blood, as becometh a loyal subject, for the honour of his native Country. Being  
your honours humble vassal THOMAS MORTON.   

The Epistle to the Reader.  
GENTLE READER,  
I Present to the public view an abstract of new England; which I have undertaken to compose by the encouragement of such genius spirits as have been studious of the inlargment of his Majesty's Territories, being not formerly satisfied, by the relations of such as through haste, have taken but a superficial survey thereof, which thing time hath enabled me to perform more punctually to the life, and to give a more exact account of what hath been required; I have therefore been willing to do my indevoure to communicate the knowledge, which I have gained and collected together, by mine own observation, in the time of my many years residence in those parts, to my loving Country men: For the better information of all such as are desirous to be made partakers of the blessings of God in that fertile Soil, as well as those that, out of Curiosity only have been inquisitive after novelties. And the rather for that I have observed, how diverse persons (not so well affected to the weal public in mine opinion) out of respect to their own private ends; have laboured to keep both the practice of the people there, and the Real worth of that eminent Country concealed from public knowledge, both which I have abundantly in this discourse laid open, yet if it be well accepted, I shall esteem myself sufficiently rewardded for my undertaking and rest.  
Your Wellwisher. THOMAS MORTON.   


In laudem Authoris.  
T' Excuse the Author ere the work be shown  
Is accusation in itself alone,  
And to commend him might seem oversight,  
So diverse are th' opinions of this age,  
So quick and apt, to tax the modern stage,  
That hard his task, is that must please in all  
Example have we from great Caesar's fall,  
But is the son to be disliked and blamed,  
Because the mole is of his face ashamed,  
The fault is in the beast not in the son  
Give sick mouths sweet meats yf they relish none,  
But to the sound in censure he commends,  
His love unto his Country his true ends,  
To model out a Land of so much worth,  
As until now no traveller set forth,  
Fair Canaan's second self, second to none,  
Nature's rich Magazine till now unknown,  
Than here survey, what nature hath in store,  
And grant him love for this, he craves no more.  
R. O. Gen.   

Sir Christoffer Gardiner, Knight.  
In laudem Authoris  
THis work a matchless mirror is that shows,  
The Humours of the seperatiste, and those  
So truly personated by thy pen,  
I was amazed to see't, herein all men,  
May plainly see as in an inter-lude,  
Each actor, figure and the scene well viewed,  
In Connick Tragic and in a pastoral stife,  
For tithe of muit and Cummin shows their life,  
Nothing but opposition, 'gainst the right,  
Of sacred Majesty men, full of spite,  
Goodness abuseing, turning virtue out  
Of Doors, to whipping stocking and full bent,  
To plotting mischief, 'gainst the innocent,  
Burning their houses, as if ordained by fate,  
In spite of Law, to be made ruinated,  
This task is well performed and patience be,  
Thy present comfort and thy constancy,  
Thine honour, and this glass where it shall come,  
Shall sing thy praises till the day of doom.  
Sir. C. G.   

In laudem Authoris.  
But that I rather pity I confess,  
The practice of their Church, I could express  
Myself a Satirist; whose smarting fangs,  
Should strike it with a palsy, and the pangs,  
Beget a fear, to tempt the Majesty,  
Of those, or mortal Gods, will they defy  
The Thundering Jove, like children they desire,  
Such is their Zeal, to sport themselves with fire,  
So have I seen an angry Fly, presume,  
To strike a burning taper, and consume  
His feeble wings, why in an air so mild,  
Are they so monstrous grown up, and so vild,  
That Savages can of themselves espy  
Their errors, brand their names with infamy,  
What is their zeal for blood, like Cyrus' thirst,  
Will they be over head and ears, a cursed  
A cruel way to found a Church on, Noah,  
IT is not their zeal, but fury blinds them so,  
And pricks their malice on like fire to join,  
And offer up the sacrifice of Kain;  
Ionas, thou hast done well, to call these men  
Home to repentance, with thy painful pen.  
F. C. Armiger.    

NEW ENGLISH CANAAN, OR NEW CANAAN.  
The Author's Prologue.  
IF art & industry should do as much  
As Nature hath for Canaan, not such  
Another place, for benefit and rest,  
In all the universe can be possessed,  
The more we prove it by discovery,  
The more delight each object to the eye  
Procures, as if the elements had here  
Been reconciled, and pleased it should appear,  
Like a fair virgin, longing to be sped,  
And meet her lover in a Nuptial bed,  
Decked in rich ornaments t' advance her state  
And excellence, being most fortunate,  
When most enjoyed, so would our Canaan be  
If well employed by art & industry  
Whose offpring, now shows that her fruitful womb  
Not being enjoyed, is like a glorious tomb,  
Admired things producing which there die,  
And lie fast bound in dark obscurity,  
The worth of which in each particular,  
Who list to know, this abstract will declare.   

NEW ENGLISH CANAAN, OR NEW CANAAN.  

The first Book. Containing the original of the Natives, their manners, & Customs, with their tractable nature and love towards the English.  

CHAP I. Proving New England the principal part of all America, and most commodious and fit for habitation.  
THe wise Creator of the universal Globe, hath placed a golden means betwixt two extremes: I mean the temperate Zones, betwixt the hot and cold; and every Creature, that participates of Heavens' blessings, with in the Compass of that golden means, is made most apt and fit, for man to use, who likewise by that wisdom is ordained to be the Lord of all. This globe may be his glass, to teach him how to use moderation, and discretion, both in his actions and intentions. The wise man says, give me neither riches nor poverty; why? Richeses might make him proud like Nebuchadnezar, and poverty despair, like jobs wife; but a mean between both. 
Use of vegetatives.  So it is likewise in the use of Vegetatives, that which hath too much Heat or too much Cold, is said to be venenum, so in the use of sensitives, all those Animals, of what genus or species soever they be, if they participate of heat or cold, in the superlative, are said to be Inimica naturae, 
Fish poisonous about the Isle of Sall.  as in some Fishes about the Isle of sal, and those Islands adjoining, between the Tropickes, their participatinge of heat and cold, in the superlative is made most manifest, one of which, poisoned a whole Ships company that eat of it. And so it is in Vipers, Toads, and Snakes, that have heat or cold in the superlative degree.  
Therefore the Creatures that participate of heat and cold in a mean, are best and wholesomest: And so it is in the choice of love, the middle Zone between the two extremes is best, and it is therefore called Zona temperata, 
Zona temperata, the Golden mean.  and is in the golden means; and all those Lands lying under that Zone, most requisite and fit for habitation. In Cosmography, the two extremes are called, the one Torrida Zona, lying between the Tropickes, the other Frigida Zona, lying near the Poles: all the lands lying under, either of these Zones, by reason, they do participate too much of heat or cold, are very inconvenient, and are accompanied with many evils. And although I am not of opinion with Aristotle, that the lands under Torrida Zona, are altogether uninhabited, I myself having been so near the equinoctial line, that I have had the Sun for my Zenith, and seen proof to the contrary, yet cannot I deny, but that it is accompanied with many inconveniences, as that Fish and Flesh both will taint in those parts, notwithstanding the use of Salt which cannot be wanting there, ordained by nature's handeworke. 
Salt aboundeth under the Tropics.  And that is a great hindrance to the setting forth and supply of navigation, the very Sinews of a flourishing Commonwealth. Than barrenness, caused through want of reinss, for in most of those parts of the world it is seldom accustomed to rain, until the time of the Tornathees (as the Portugeses phrase is, who lived there) and then it will rain about 40. days together, 
Rain 40. days about August between Cancer and the Line.  which moisture serveth to fructify the earth for all the year after, during which time is seen no rain at all: the heat and cold, and length of day and night, being much alike, with little difference. And these reinss are caused by the turning of the winds, which else between the Tropickes, do blow Trade, that is always one way. For next the Tropic of Cancer it is constantly North-East, and next the Tropic of Capricorn it is Southwest; so that the winds coming from the Poles, do keep the air in those parts cool, and make it temperate and the parts habitable, were it not for those and other inconveniences.  
This Torrida Zona is good for Grasshoppers: and Zona Temperata for the Ant and Bee. But Frigida Zona good for neither, as by lamentable experience of Captain Davis Fate, is manifest, who in his inquest of the Nortwest passage for the East India trade was frozen to death. 
Capt. Davis froze to death.  And therefore for Frigida Zona, I agreed with Aristotle, that it is unfit for habitation: and I know by the Course of the celestial globe, that in Groeneland many Degrees short of the Pole Arctic, 
Groene Land too cold for habitation.  the place is too cold, by reason of the Suns absence almost six months, and the land under the continual power of the frost; which thing many more Navigators have proved with pitiful experience of their wintringe there, as appeareth by the history, I think, they will not venture to winter there again for an India mine.  
And as it is found by our Nation under the Pole Arctic, so it is likewise to be found under the Antarctic Pole, yet what hazard will not an industrious mind, and courageous spirit undergo, according to that of the Poent. Impiger extremos currit Mercator ad Indos per mare pauperiem fugiens, per saxa, per ignes. And all to get and hoard up like the Ant and the Bee, and yet as Solomon saith, he cannot tell whether a fool or a wise man shall enjoy it. Therefore let us leave these two extremes, with their inconveniences, and endeavour to find out this golden means, so free from any one of them. Behold the secret wisdom of almighty God, and love unto, our Solomon to raise a man of a large hart, full of worthy abilities to be the Index or Lodestar, that doth point out unto the English Nation, with ease and comfort how to find it out. And this the noble minded Gentleman, Sir Ferdinando George's Knight, 
Sir Ferdinando Gorges the original cause of planting New England.  zealous for the glory of God, the honour of his Majesty, and the benefit of the weal public, hath done a great work for the good of his Country.  
And herein this, the wondrous wisdom and love of God, is shown, by sending to the place his Minister, to sweep away by heaps the Savages, 
The Savages died of the Plague.  and also giving him length of days, to see the same performed after his enterprise was begun, for the propagation of the Church of Christ.  
This judicious Gentleman, hath found this golden means, to be situated about the middle of those two extremes, and for directions you may prove it thus: Counting the space between the Line and either of the Poles, in true proportion, you shall find it to be 90. Degrees: then must we find the mean, to be near unto the Centre of 90. and that is about 45. Degrees, and then incline unto the Southern side of that Centre, properly for the benefit of heat, remembering that Sol & Homo generat hominem; and then keep us on that fame side, and see what Land is to be found there, and we shall easily discern that new England is on the South side of that Centre.  
For that Country doth begin her bounds at 40. Degrees of Northern latitude, 
New Engl. is placed in the golden means.  and ends at 45. Degrees of the same latitude, and doth participate of heat and cold indifferently, but is oppressed with neither: and therefore may be truly said to be within the compass of that golden means, most apt and fit for habitation and generation, being placed by Almighty God the great Creator, under that Zone, called Zona temperata, and is therefore most fit for the generation and habitation of our English nation, of all other, who are more near neighbours to the Northern Pole, whose Land lieth between 50. and 54. Degrees of the selfsame latitude: now this new England though it be nearer to the line, than that old England by 10. Degrees of latitude, 
New England 10. Degrees nearer the line then old England.  yet doth not this exceed that other in heat or cold, by reason of the situation of it; for as the Coast lieth, being circularly North-east and Southwest, opposite towards the Sun's rising, which makes his course over the Ocean, it can have little or no reflecting, heat of the Sunbeams, by reason of the continual motion of the waters, making the air there the cooler and the constanter: so that for the temperature of the Climent, sweetness of the air, fertility of the Soil, and small number of the Savages (which might seem a rub in the way off an effeminate mind,) this Country of new England is by all judicious men, accounted the principal part of all America, for habitation and the commodiousness of the Sea, Ships there not being subject to worms, as in Virginea and other places, and not to be paralleled in all Christendom. The Massachussets being the middle part thereof, 
The Massachussets in the middle of New Engl.  is a very beautiful Land not mountany, nor inclining to mountany, lieth in 42. Degrees, and 30. minutes, and hath as yet the greatest number of inhabitants, and hath a very large bay to it, divided by Islands into 4. great bays, where shiping may safely ride all winds and weathers, 
The Winds not so violent in New England.  the winds in those parts being not so violent as in England by many Degrees, foe there are no shrubbs seen, to lean from the winds as by the Sea Coast of England, I have seen them lean, and the groundage is a sandy sleech free from rocks to gall Cables, but is good for anchorage, the rest of the Planters are dispersed among the Coasts between 41. and 44. Degrees of Latitude, and as yet, have very little way into the island, the riches of which Country I have set forth in this abstract as in a Landskipp, for the better information of the Travellers, which he may peruse and plainly perceive by the demonstration of it, that it is nothing inferior to Canaan of Israel, but a kind of parallel to it, in all points.   

CHAP. II. Of the original of the Natives.  
IN the year since the incarnation of Christ, 1622. it was my chance to be landed in the parts of New England, where I found two sorts of people, the one Christians, the other Infidels, these I found most full of humanity, and more friendly than the other: as shall hereafter be made apparent in Dew-Course, by their several actions from time to time, whilst lived among them After my arrival in those parts, I endeavoured by all the ways and means that I could to found out from what people or nation, the Natives of New England might be conjectured originlly to proceed, & by continuance & conversation amongst them, I attaned to so much of their language, as by all probable conjecture may make the same manifest, for it hath been found by diverse, and those of good judgement that the Natives of this Country, do use very many words both of Greek and Latin, to the same signification that the Latins and Greeks' have done, 
The Natives have a mixed language.  as en animia, when an Indian expresseth, that he doth any thing with a good will; and Pascopan signifieth gredygut, 
Pasco Pan greedy gut.  this being the name of an Indian that was so called of a Child, through the greediness of his mind, and much eating, for Pasco in Latin signifieth to feed, and Pan in Greek signifieth all, and Pasco nantum, quasi pasco nondum, half starved, or not eating, as yet; 
Mona an Island.  Equa coge, set it upright, Mona is an Island in their language, quasi Monon, that is alone, for an Island is a piece or plot of ground standing alone, and divided, from the mane Land by force of water.  

Cos a Whetstone.  Cos is a Whetstone with them. Hame an instrument to take Fish, many places do retain the name of Pan, as Pantneket and Matta pan, so that it may be thought that these people heretofore, have had the name of Pan in great reverence and estimation, 
Pan the Shepherds God.  and it may be have worshipped Pan the great God of the Heathens: Howsoever they do use no manner of worship at all now: and it is most likely that the Natives of this Country, are descended from people bred upon that part of the world, which is towards the Tropic of Cancer, for they do still retain the memory of some of the Stars one that part of thea Celestial Globe, as the North-star, which with them is called Mask, for Mask in their Language signifieth a Bear, and they do divide the winds into eight parts, and it seems originally, have had some literature amongst them, which time hath Canceled and worn cut of use, and where as it hath been the opinion of some men, which shall be nameless, that the Natives of New-England may proceed from the race of the Tartars, and come from Tartary into those parts, over the frozen Sea.  

Not to proceed from the Tartars.  I see no probality for any such Conjecture, for as much, as a people once settled, must be remooved by compulsion, or else tempted thereunto in hope of better fortunes, upon commendations of the place, unto which they should be drawn to remove, and if it may be thought, that these people came over the frozen Sea, then would it be by compulsion, if so, then by whom, or when? or what part of this mane continent may be thought to border upon the Country of the Tartars, it is yet unknown, 
No part of America known to be near Tartary.  and it is not like, that a people well enough at ease, will of their one accord undertake to travail over a Sea of Ice, considering how many difficulties they shall encounter with, as first whether there be any Land at the end of their unknown way, no Land being in view, then want of Food to sustane life in the mean time upon that Sea of Ice, or how should they do for Fuel, to keep them at night from freezing to death, which will not be had in such a place, but it may perhaps be granted that the Natives of this Country might originally come of the scattered Trojans: For after that Brutus, who was the forth from Aneas, left Latium upon the conflict had with the Latins, (where although he gave them a great overthrow, 
Why Brutus left Latium.  to the Slaughter of their grand Captain and many other of the Heroes of Latium, yet he held it more safety to departed unto some other place, and people, then by staying to run the hazard of an unquiet life or doubtful Conquest, which as history maketh mention he performed;) this people were dispersed there is no question, but the people that lived with him, by reason of their conversation with the Grecians and Latins, had a mixed language that participated of both, whatsoever was that which was proper to their own nation at first; I know not for this is commonly seen where 2. nations traffic together, the one endeavouring to understand the others meaning makes them both many times speak a mixed language, 
Two Nations meeting make a mixed language.  as is approved by the Natives, of New England, through the covetous desire they have, to commerce with our nation, and we with them.  
And when Brutus did departed from Latium, we do not find that his whole number went with him at once, or arrived at one place; and being put to Sea might encounter with a storm, that would carry them out of sight of Land, and then they might sail God knoweth whether, and so might be put upon this Coast, as well as any other; 
Daedalus the first that use Sails.  Compass I bele had none in those days; Sails they might have, (which Daedalus the first inventor thereof) left to after ages, having taught his Son Icarus the use of it, who to his Cost found how dangerous it is, 
Icarus the second that used Sails.  for a Son not to observe the precepts of a wise Father, so that the Icarian Sea, now retains the memory of it to this day, and Victuals they might have good store, and many other things fitting, oars without all question, they would store themselves with, in such a case, but for the use of Compass there is no mention made of it at that time (which was much about Sauls time the first that was made King of Israel. 
Troy destroyed about Sauls time. ) Yet it is thought (and that not without good reason for it) that the use of the Loadstone, 
The Loadstone in Salomons time.  and Compass was known in Salomons time, for as much as he sent Ships to fetch of the gold of Ophir, to adorn and beautify that magnificent Temple of Jerusalem, by him built for the glory of Almighty God, and by his special appointment: and it is held by Cosmographers to be 3. year's voyage from Jerusalem to Ophir, and it is conceived that such a voyage could not have been performed, without the help of the Loadstone and Compass.  
And why should any man think, the Natives of New England, to be the glean of all Nations, only because by the pronunciation and termination their words seem to trench upon several languages, when time hath not furnished him with the interpretation thereof, the thing that must induce a man of reasonabe capacity to any manner of conjecture, of their original, must by the sense and signification of the words, principally to frame this argument by, when he shall draw to any conclusion thereupon, otherwise he shall but run round about a maze (as some of the fantastical tribe use to do about the tithe of muit and coming.) Therefore since I have had the approbation of Sir Christopher gardener Knight an able gentl. that lived amongst them & of David Tompson a Scottish gentl. that likewise was conversant with those people both Scholars and Travellers that were diligent in taking notice of these things as men of good judgement. And that have been in those parts any time; beside others of less, now I am bold to conclude that the original of the Natives of New England may be well conjectured to be from the scattered Trojans, after such time as Brutus departed from Latium.   

CHAP. III. Of a great mortality that happened amongst the Natives of New England near about the time, that the English came there to plant.  
IT fortuned some few years, before the English came to inhabit at new Plymouth in New England; that upon some distaste given in the Massachussets bay, by Frenchmen, then trading there with the Natives for beaver, they set upon the men, at such advantage, that they killed many of them burned their ship then riding at Anchor by an Island there, now called Peddocks' Island in memory of Leonard Peddock that landed there (where many wild Anckies haunted that time which he thought had been tame,) distributing them unto 5. Sachems' which were Lords of the several territories adjoining, they did keep them so long as they lived, only to sport themselves at them, 
Five Frenchmen kept by the Savages.  and made these five Frenchmen fetch them wood and water, which is the general work that they require of a servant, one of these five men out living the rest had learned so much of their language, as to rebuke them for their bloody deed, saying that God would be angry with them for it; and that he would in his displeasure destroy them; but the Savages (it seems boasting of their strength,) replied and said, that they were so many, that God could not kill them.  

The Plague fell on the Indians.  But contrary wise in short time after, the hand of God fell heavily upon them, with such a mortal stroke, that they died on heaps, as they lay in their houses and the living; that were able to shifted for themselves would run away, & let them die, and let there Carkasesly above the ground without burial. For in a place where many inhabited, there had been but one left a live, to tell what became of the rest, the living being (as it seems) not able to bury the dead, 
The living not able to bury the dead.  they were left for Crows, Kites, and vermin to pray upon. And the bones and skulls upon the several places of their habitations, made such a spectacle after my coming into those parts, that as I travailed in that Forest, ne'er the Massachussets, it seemed to me a new found Golgatha.  
But otherwise it is the custom of those Indian people, to bury their dead ceremoniously, and carefully, and then to abandon that place, because they have no desire the place should put them in mind of mortality: and this mortality was not ended, when the Brownists of new Plymouth were settled at Patuxet in New England, and by all likelihood the sickness that these Indians died of, was the Plague, as by conference with them since my arrival, and habitation in those parts, I have learned. And by this means there is as yet but a small number of Savages in New England to that, which had been in former time, and the place is made so much the more fit, 
2. Sam. 24.  for the English Nation to inhabit in, and erect in it Temples to the glory of God.   

CHAP. IU. Of their Houses and Habitations.  
THe Natives of New England are accustomed to build them houses, much like the wild Irish, they gather Poles in the woods and put the great end of them in the ground, placing them in form of a circle or circumference, and bending the tops of them in form of an Arch, they bind them together with the Bark of Walnut trees, which is wondrous tough, so that they make the same round on the Top.  
For the smoke of their fire, to assend and pass through? these they cover with mats, some made of reeds, and some of long flags, or sedge finely sowed together with needles made of the splinter bones of a Crane's leg, with threads, made of their Indian hemp, which their groveth naturally, leaving several places for doors, which are covered with mats, which may be rolled up, and let down again at their pleasures, making use, of the several doors, according as the wind sits, the fire is always made in the midst of the house, with wind falls commonly: yet some times they fell a tree, that groweth near the the house and by drawning in the end thereof maintain the fire on both sides, burning the tree by Degrees shorter and shorter, until it be all consumed; for it burneth night and day, their lodging is made in three places of the house about the fire, they lie upon planks commonly about a foot or 18. inches above the ground raised upon rails that are borne up upon forks they lay mats under them, and Coats of Deer skins otters beavers Racownes and of Bears hides, all which they have dressed and converted into good leather with the hair on for their cover and in this manner they lie as warm as they desire in the night they take their rest, in the day time, either the kettle is on with fish or flesh, by no allowance: or else, the fire is employed in roasting of fishes, which they delight in, the air doth beget good stomaches, and they feed continually, and are no niggards of their victuals, for they are willing, that any one shall eat with them, Nay if any one, that shall come into their houses, and there fall a sleep, when they see him disposed to lie down, they will spread a mat for him, of their own accord, and lay a roll of skins for a bolster, and let him lie? if he sleep until their meat be dished up, they will set a wooden bowl of meat by him that sleepeth, & wake him saying Cattup keen Meckin: That is, if you be hungry, there is meat for you, where if you will eat you may, such is their Humanity.  
Likewise when they are minded to remove, they carry away the mats with them, other materiales the place adjoining will yield, they use not to winter and summer in one place, for that would be a reason to make fuel scarce, but after the manner of the gentry of Civilised natives, remove for their pleasures, some times to their hunting places where they remain keeping good hospitality, for that season; and sometimes to their fishing places, where they abide for that season likewise: and at the spring, when fish comes in plentifully, they have meetings from several places, where they exercise themselves in gaminge, and playing of juglinge tricks, and all manner of Revels, which they are deligted in, that it is admirable to behold, what pastime they use, of several kinds, every one striving to surpass each other, after this manner they spend their time.   

CHAP. V Of their Religion.  
IT has been a common received opinion from Cicero, that there is no people so barbarous, but have some worship, or other in this particular, I am not of opinion rherein with Tully; and surely, If he had been amongst those people so long as I have been, and conversed so much with them, touching this matter of Religion, he would have changed his opinion, neither should we have found this error, amongst the rest, by the help of that wooden prospect, if it had not been so unadvisedly built upon such high land as that Coast. (all men's judgements in general,) doth not yield, had he but taken the judicial council of Sir William Alexander, that sets this thing forth in an exact and conclusive sentence; if he be not too obstinate? he would grant that worthy writer, that these people are sine fide, sine lege, & sine rege, and he hath exemplified this thing by a familiar demonstration, which I have by long experience observed to be true.  
And me thinks, it is absurd to say they have a kind of worship, and not be able to demonstrate whom or what it is they are accustomed to worship. For my part I am more willing to believe that the Elephants (which are reported to be the most in telligible of all beasts) do worship the moon, for the reasons given by the author of this report as Mr. Thomas May, the minion of the Muses does recite it in his contimation, of Lucan's historical poem, rather than this man, to that I must be constrained, to conclude against him, and Cicero; that the Natives of New England have no worship nor religion at all, and I am sure it has been so observed by those that need not the help of a wooden prospect for the matter.   

CHAP. VI Of the Indians apparel.  
THe Indians in these parts do make their apparel, of the skins of several sorts of beasts, and commonly of those, that do frequent those parts where they do live, yet some of them for variety, will have the skins of such beasts that frequent the parts of their neighbours, which they purchase of them, by Commerce and Trade.  

The Indians make good leather.  These skins they couvert into very good leather, making the same plume and soft. Some of these skins they dress with the hair on, and some with the hair off; the hairy side in winter time they wear next their bodies, and in warm weather, they wear the hair outwardly: they make likewise some Coats of the Feathers of Turkeys, which they wove together with twine of their own making, very prettily: these garments they wear like mantles knit over their shoulders, and put under their arm: they have likewise another sort of mantles, made of Mose skinnnes, which beast is a great large Deer, so big as a horse, these skins they commonly dress bore, and make them wondrous white, and stripe them with size, round about the borders, in form like lace set on by a Tailor, and some they stripe with size, 
Indians ingenious workmen for their garments.  in works of several fashions very curious, according to the several fantasies of the workmen, wherein they strive to excel one another: And Mantles made of Bear's skins is an usual wearing, among the Natives, that live where the Bears do haunt: they make shoes of Mose skins, which is the principal leather used to that purpose; and for want of such leather (which is the strongest) they make shoes of Deers skins, very handsomely and commodious, and of such deer's skins as they dress bore, they make stockings, that comes within their shoes, like a stirrup stockinge, and is fastened above at their belt which is about their middle; Every male after he attains unto the age, which they call Pubes, weareth a belt about his middle, and a broad piece of leather that goeth between his legs, and is tucked up both before and behind under that belt, 
The modesty of the Indian men.  and this they wear to hide their secreats of nature; which by no means they will suffer to be seen, so much modesty they use in that particular, those garments they always put on, when they go a hunting to keep their skins from t●● brush of the Shrubbs, and when they have rheir Apparel one, they look like Irish in their trousers, the Stockings join so to their breeches. A good well grown dear skin is of great account with them, and it must have the tale on, or else they accounted it defaced, the tale being three times as long as the tales of our English Deer, yea four times so long, this when they travel is raped round about their body, and with a girdle of their making, bound round about their middles, to which girdle is fastened a bag, in which his instruments be, with which he can strike fire upon any occasion.  

Indians travail with materials to strike fire at all times.  Thus with their bow in their left hand, and their quiver of Arrows at their back, hanging one their left shoulder with the lower end of it, in their right hand, they will run away a dog troth, until they come to their journey end, and in this kind of ornament, (they do seem to me) to be handsomer, than when they are in English apparel, their gesture being answerable to their one habit and not unto ours.  
Their women have shoes and stockings to wear likewise when they please, such as the men have, but the mantle they use to cover their nakedness with, is much longer than that, which the men use; for as the men have one Deers skinn, the women have two soed together at the full length, and it is so large that it trails after them, like a great Lady's trane, and in time I think they may have their Pages to bear them up and where the men use but one Bear's skinn for a Mantle, the women have two soed together; and if any of their women would at any time shifted one, they take that which they intent to make use of, and cast it over them round, before they shift away the other, for modesty, 
The Indians ashamed of their nakedness.  being unwilling to be seen to discover their nakedness, and the one being so cast over, they slip the other from under them in a decent manner, which is to be noted in people uncivilized, tberein they seem to have as much modesty as civilised people, and deserve to be applauded for it.   

CHAP. VII. Of their Childbearing, and delivery, and what manner of persons they are.  
THe women of this Country, are not suffered to be used for procreation, until the ripeness of their age; at which time they wear a red cap made of leather in form like to our flat caps, and this they wear for the space of 12. months: for all men to take notice of them that have any mind to a wife; and than it is the custom of some of their Sachems' or Lords of the territories, to have the first say or maidenhead of the females? (very apt they are) to be with child, and very laborious when they bear children, yea when they are as great as they can be, 
The women big with child, very laborious.  yet in that case they neither forbear labour, nor travail, I have seen them in that plight with burdens at their backs enough to load a horse, yet do they not miscarry, but have a fair delivery, and a quick, their women are very good midwives, and the women very lusty after delivery and in a day or two will travel or trudge about. Their infants are borne with hair on their heads; and are of complexion white as our nation, but their mothers in their infancy make a bath of Wallnut leaves, 
Children bathed to stain the skin.  husks of Walnuts, and such thing as will stain their skin for ever, wherein they dip and wash them to make them tawny, the colour of their hair is black, and their eyes black, these infants are carried at their mother's backs, by the help of a cradle made of a board forket at both ends, whereon the child is fast bound, and wrapped in furs: his knees thrust up towards his belly, because they may be the more useful for them when he sitteth, which is as a dog does on his bum, and this cradle surely preserves them better than the cradles of our nation; for as much, as we find them well propertioned not any of them, crooked backed or wry legged, and to give their character in a word, they are as proper men and women for feature and limbs as can be found, for flesh and blood as active: long handed they are, (I never saw a clunchfisted Salvadg amongst them all in my time.) The colour of their eyes being so generally black, made a Savage (that had a young infant whose eyes were grey,) shown him to us and said they were English men eyes, I told the Father, that his son was nan weeteo, which is a bastard, he replied titta Cheshetue squaa, which is he could not tell; his wife might play the whore and this child the father desired might have an English name, because of the likeness of his eyes which his father had in admiration, because of novelty amongst their Nation.   

CHAP. VIII. Of their Reverence, and respect to age.  
IT is a thing to be admired, and indeed made a precedent, that a Nation yet uncivilizied, should more respect age then some nations civilised; 
Age honoured among the Indians  since there are so many precepts both of divine and humane writers extant: toinstruct more Civil Nations in that particular wherein they excel, the younger are always obedient unto the elder people, and at their commands in every respect without grummbling, in all counsels (as therein they are circumspect to do their acciones by advice and counsel and not rashly or inconsiderately, the younger men's opinion shall be heard, but the old men's opinion and council embraced and followed, beside as the elder feed and provide for the younger in infancy: so do the younger after being grown to years of manhood, provide for those that be aged, and in distribution of Accres the elder men are first served, by their dispensator and their counsels (especially if they be powahs) are esteemed as oracles amongst the younger Natives.  
The consideration of these things, me thinks should reduce some of our irregular young people of civilised Nations: when this story shall come to their knowledge, to better manners, and make them ashamed of their former error in this kind, and to become hereafter more dutiful, which I as a friend (by observation having found) have herein recorded for that purpose.   

CHAP. IX. Of their pretty comuring tricks.  
IF we do not judge amiss of these Savage in accounting them witches, yet out of all question, we may be bold to conclude them to be but weak witches, such of them as we call by the names of Powahs some correspondency they have with the Devil, out of all doubt as by some of their actions, in which they glory, is manifested Papasiquineo; that Sachem or Sagamore is a Powah of great estimation amongst all kind of Savages, there he is at their Revels (which is the time when a great company of Savages meet, from several parts of the Country, in amity with their neighbours) hath advanced his honour in his feats or juggling tricks (as I may right term them) to the admiration of the spectators whom he endeavoured to persuade, that he would go under water to the further side of a river to broad for any man to undertake with a breath, which thing he performed by swimming over & deluding the company with casting a mist before their eyes that see him enter in and come out, but no part of the way he has been seen, likewise by our English in the heat of all summer to make Ice appear in a bowl of fair water, first having the water set before him he hath begun his incantation according to their usual accustom and before the same has been ended a thick Cloud has darkened the air and on a sudden a thunder clap hath been heard that has amazed the natives, in an instant he hath showed a firm piece of Ice to float in the midst of the bowl in the presence of the vulgar people, which doubtless was done by the agility of Satan his consort.  
And by means of these sleights and such like trivial things, as these they gain such estimation amongst the rest of the Savages; that it is thought a very impious matter for any man to derogate from the words of these Powahs. In so much as he that should slight them, is thought to commit a crime no less heinous amongst them, as sacrilege is with us, as may appear by this one passage, which I will set forth for an instance.  
A neighbour of mine that had entertained a Savage into his service, 
A Savage entertained a factor.  to be his factor for the beaver trade amongst his countrymen, delivered unto him diverse parcels of commodities, fit for them to trade with; amongst the rest there was one coat of more esteem than any of the other, and with this his new entertained merchant man travels amongst his countrymen to truck them away for beaver: as our custom hath been, the Savage went up into the Country amongst his neighbours for beaver & returned with some, but not enough answerable to his Masteers expectation, but being called to an account and especially for that one Coat of special note; made answer that he had given that coat to Tantoquineo, a Powah: to which his master in a rage cried what have I to do with Tantoquineo? The Savage very angry at the matter cried, what you speak; you are not a very good man, will you not give Tantoq. a coat? what's this? as if he had offered Tantoquineo, the greatest indignity that could be devised: so great is the estimation and reverence that these people have of these Ingling Powahs, who are usually sent for (when any person is sick and ill at ease) to recover them, for which they receive rewards as do our Chirgeons and Physicians, and they do make a trade of it, 
An English man cured of a swelling  and boast of their skill where they come: One amongst the rest did undertake to cure an Englishman of a swelling of his hand for a parcel of biscuit, which being delivered him, he took the party grieved into the woods aside from company, and with the help of the devil (as may be conjectured) quickly recovered him of that swelling, and sent him about his work again.   

CHAP. X. Of their duels and the honourable estimation of victory obtained thereby.  
THese Savages are not apt to quarrel one with another: yet such hath been the occasion that a difference hath happened, which hath grown to that height, 
How the Savages perform their duels.  that it has not been reconciled otherwise then by combat, which hath been performed in this manner, the two champions prepared for the fight, with their bows in hand, and a quiver full of arrows at their backs, they have entered into the field, the Challenger and challenged have chosen two trees, standing with in a little distance of each other; they have cast lots for the chief of the trees, than either champion setting himself behind his tree watches an advantage, to let fly his shafts, and to gall his enemy, there they continued shooting at each other, if by chance they espy any part open, they endeavour to gall the combatant in that part; and use much agility in the performance of the task they have in hand. Resolute they are in the execution of their vengeance, when once they have begun, and will in no wise be daunted, or seem to shrink though they do catch a clap with an arrow, but fight it out in this manner until one or both be slain.  
I have been showed the places, where such duels have been performed, 
Trees marked where they perform a duel.  and have fuond the trees marked for a memorial of the Combat, where that champion hath stood, that had the hap to be slain in the duel? and they count it the greatest honour that can be, to the serviving Cumbatant to show the scares of the wounds, received in this kind of Conflict, and if it happen to be on the arm as those parts are most in danger in these cases, they will always wear a bracelet upon that place of the arm, as a trophy of honour to their dying day.   

CHAP. XI. Of the maintaining of their Reputation.  
REputation is such a thing, that it keeps many men in awe, even amongst Civilised nations, and is very much stood upon: it is (as one hath very well noted) the awe of great men and of Kings, and since I have observed it, to be maintained amongst Savage people, I cannot choose but give an instance thereof in this treatise, to confirm the common received opinion thereof.  
The Sachem or Sagamore of Sagus made choice, (when he came to man's estate) of a Lady of noble descent, Daughter to Papasiquineo: the Sachem or Sagamore of the territories near Merrimack River a man of the best note and estimation in all those parts (and as my Countryman Mr. Wood declares in his prospect) a great Necromancer, 
A marriage.  this Lady the young Sachem with the consent & good liking of her father marries, and takes for his wife. Great entertainment, he and his received in those parts at her father's hands, where they wear feasted in the best manner that might be expected, according to the Custom of their nation, with revelling, & such other solemnities as is usual amongst them. The solemnity being ended, Papasiquineo causes a selected number of his men to wait upon his Daughter home: into those parts that did properly belong to her Lord, and husband, where the attendants had entertainment by the Sachem of Sagus and his Countrymen: the solemnity being ended, the attendants were gratified.  
Not long after the new married Lady had a great desire to see her father, and her native country, from whence she came, her Lord willing to pleasure her, & not deny her request (amongst them) thought to be reasonable commanded a selected number of his own men to conduct his Lady to her Father; wherewith great respect they brought her: and having feasted there a while, returned to their own country again, leaving the Lady to continued there at her own pleasure, amongst her friends, and old acquaintance: where she passed away the time for a while: and in the end desired to return to her Lord again. Her father the old Papasiquineo having notice of her intent, 
An ambassage sent from Papasiquineo to his soone in law, a Sachem.  sent some of his men on ambassage to the young Sachem, his son in law, to let him understand that his daughter was not willing, to absent herself from his company any longer; & therefore (as the messengers had in charge) desired the young Lord to sand a convoy for her: but he standing upon terms of honour, & the maintaining of his reputation, returned to his father in law this answer that when she departed from him, he caused his men to wait upon her to her father's territories, as it did become him: but now she had an intent to return, it did become her father, to sand her back with a convoy of his own people: & that it stood not with his reputation to make himself or his men so servile, to fetch her again. The old Sachem Papasiquineo having this message returned, was enraged? to think that his young son in law did not esteem him at a higher rate, then to capitulate with him about the matter, & return him this sharp reply; that his daughter's blood, and birth deserved no more respect; then to be so slighted, & therefore if he would have her company, he were best to sand or come for her.  
The young Sachem not willing to under value himself, and being a man of a stout spirit, did not stick to say, that he should either sand her, by his own Convey, or keep her; for he was not determined to stoop so low.  
So much these two Sachems' stood upon terms of reputation with each other, the one would not sand her, & the other would not sand for her, lest it should be any diminishing of honour on his part, that should seem to comply, that the Lady (when I came out of the Country) remained still with her father; which is a thing worth the noting, that Savage people should seek to maintain their reputation so much as they do.   

CHAP. XII. Of their traffic and trade one with another.  
ALthough these people have not the use of navigation, whereby they may traffic as other nations, that are civilised, use to do, yet do they barter for such commodities as they have, & have a kind of beads; 
Beads in stead of Money.  in steed of money, to buy withal such things as they want, which they call Wampampeak: and it is of two sorts, the one is white, the other is of a violet colour. These are made of the shells of fish; the white with them is as silver with us; the other as our gold, and for these beads they buy, and cell, not only amongst themselves, but even with us.  

The name of their beads Wampampeak.  We have used to cell them any of our commodities for this Wampampeak, because we know, we can have beaver again of them for it: and these beads are currant in all the parts of New England, from one end of the Coast to the other.  
And although some have endeavoured by example to have the like made, of the same kind of shells, yet none hath ever, as yet, attained to any perfection in the composure of them, but that the Savages have found a great difference to be in the one and the other; and have known the counterfeit beads from those of their own making; and have, and do slight them.  
The skins of beasts are sold and bartered to such people, as have none of the same kind in the parts where they live.  
Likewise they have earthen pots of diverse sizes, from a quart to a gallon, 2. or 3. to boil their victuals in; very strong, though they be thin like our Iron pots.  
They have dainty wooden bowls of maple, of high price amongst them, and these are dispersed by bartering one with the other, and are but in certain parts of the Country made, where the several trades are appropriated to the inhabitants of those parts only.  
So likewise (at the season of the year) the Savages that live by the Sea side for trade with the inlanders for fresh water, reles curious silver reles, which are bought up of such as have them not frequent in other places, chestnuts, and such like useful things as one place affordeth, are sold to the inhabitants of another: where they are a novelty accounted amongst the natives of the land; and there is no such thing to barter withal, as is their Whampampeake.   

CHAP. XIII. Of their Magazines or Storehowses.  
THese people are not without providence, though they be uncivilized, but are careful to preserve foed in store against winter, which is the corn that they labour and dress in the summer, 
What care they take, to lay up corn for winter.  And although they eat freely of it, whiles it is growing, yet have they a care to keep a convenient portion thereof; to relieve them in the dead of winter, (like to the Ant and the Bee) which they put under ground.  
Their barns are holes made in the earth, that will hold a Hogshead of corn a piece in them. In these (when their corn is out of the husk and well dried) they lay their store in great baskets (which they make of Spark) with mats under, about the sides and on the top: and putting it into the place made for it, they cover it with earth: and in this manner it is preserved from destruction or putrefaction; to be used in case of necessity, and not else.  
And I am persuaded, that if they knew the benefit of Salt (as they may in time,) and the means to make salt meat fresh again, they would endeaver to preserve fish for winter, as well as corn; and that if any thing bring them to civility, it will be the use of Salt, to have food in store, which is a chief benefit in a civilised Commonwealth.  
These people have begun already to incline to the use of Salt. 
They beg Salt of the English.  Many of them would beg Salt of me for to carry home with them, that had frequented our houses and had been acquainted with our Salt meats: and Salt I willingly gave them; although I sold them all things else: only because they should be delighted with the use there of; and think it a commodity of no value in itself, although the benefit was great, that might be had by the use of it.   

CHAP. XIV. Of their Subtilety.  
THese people are not (as some have thought a dull, of slender witted people; but very ingenious and very subtle. I could give main instances to maintain mine opinion of them in this: But I will only relate one, which is a passage worthy to be observed.  
In the Massachussets bay lived Cheecatawback the Sachem or Sagamore of those territories, who had large dominions, which he did appropriate to himself.  
Into those parts came a great company of Savages, from the territories of Narohiganset, to the number of 100 persons; and in this Sachems' Dominions they intended to winter.  
When they went a hunting for turkeys: they spread over such a great scope of ground, that a Turkey could hardily escape them. Dear they killed up in great abundance, and feasted their bodies very plentifully: 
They trade away beavers skins for corn.  Beavers they killed by no allowance: the skins of those they traded away at wassaguscus with my neighbours for corn, and such other commodities as they had need of; and my neighbours had a wonderful great benefit by their being in those parts. Yea sometimes (like genius fellows) they would present their Merchant with a fat beaver skin, 
A beaver skin with his tail on of great estimaeion.  always the tail was not diminished, but presented full and whole: although the tail is a present for a Sachem, and is of such masculaine virtue, that if some of our Ladies knew the benefit thereof, they would desire to have ships sent of purpose, to trade for the tail alone, it is such a rarity, as is not more esteemed of, than reason doth require.  
But the Sachem Cheecatawback (on whose possessions they usurped, and converted the commodities thereof to their own use, contrary to his liking) not being of power to resist them, practised to do it by a subtle stratagem. And to that end gave it out amongst us, 
A subtle plot of a Sachem.  that the cause why these other Savages of the Narohigansets, came into these parts, was to see what strength we were of, and to watch an opportunity to cut us off, and take that which they found in our custody useful for them; And added further, they would burn our houses, and that they had caught one of his men, named Meshebro, and compelled him to discover to them where their barns, Magazines, or storehowses were, and had take away his corn, and seemed to be in a pitiful perplexity about the matter.  
And the more to add reputation to this tale, desires that his wives and children might be harbered in one of our houses. This was granted, and my neighbours put on corslets, headpieces, and weapons defensive and offensive.  
This thing being known to Cheecatawback, he caused some of this men to bring the Narohigansets to trade, that they might see the preparation.  
The Savage that was a stranger to the plot, simply coming to trade, and finding his merchants, looks like lobsters, all clad in harness, was in a maze to think what would be the end of it. Haste he made to trade away his furs, and took any thing for them, wishing himself well rid of them, and of the company in the house.  

A Savage scared.  But (as the manner has been) he must eat some furmety before he go: down he sits, and eats, and withal had an eye on every side; and now and then saw a sword, or a dagger laid a thwart a headpiece, which he wondered at, and asked his guide whether the company were not angry. The guide, (that was privy to his Lord's plot) answered in his language. that he could not tell. But the harmless Savage before he had half filled his belly, started upon a sudden, and ran out of the house in such haste, that he left his furmety there, and stayed not to look behind him who came after: Glad he was that he had escaped so.  
The subtle Sachem he played the tragedian; and feigned a fear of being surprised; and sent to see whether the enemies (as the Messenger termed them) were not in the house; and comes in a by way with his wives and children; and stopps the chinks of the out house, for fear the fire might be seen in the night, and be a means to direct his enemies where to find them.  
And in the mean time, he prepared for his Ambassador to his enemies a Savage, that had lived 12. months in England, to the end it might add reputation to his ambassage. 
A Savage that had lived 12. Months in England, sent for an Ambassador.  This man he sends to those intruding Narohigansets, to tell them that they did very great injury, to his Lord, to trench upon his prerogatives: and advised them to put up their pipes, and begun in time: if they would not, that his Lord would come upon them, and in his aid his friends the English, who were up in arms already to take his part, and compel them by force to be gone, if they refused to departed by fair means.  
This message coming on the neck of that which doubtless the fearful Savage had before related of his escape, 
A good opportunity of of traffic lost by the subtlety of a Sachem.  and what he had observed; caused all those hundred Narohigansets (that meant us no hurt) to be gone with bag, and baggage, And my neighbours were gulled by the subtilety of this Sachem, and lost the best trade of beaver that ever they had for the time, and in the end found their error in this kind of credulity when it was too late.   

CHAP. XV. Of their admirable perfection, in the use of the senses.  
THis is a thing not only observed by me, and divers of the Savages of New England, but also, by the French men in Nova Francia, and therefore I am the more encouraged to publish in this Treatise my observation of them, in the use of their senses: which is a thing that I should not easily have been induced, to believe, if I myself, had not been an eye witness, of what I shall relate.  

The Savages have the sense of seeing better than the English.  I have observed, that the Savages have the sense of seeing so fare beyond any of our Nation, that one would almost believe they had intelligence of the Devil, sometimes: when they have told us of a ship at Sea, which they have seen, soener by one hour, yea two hours sail, than any English man that stood by; of purpose to look out, their sight is so excellent.  
Their eyes indeed are black as jet; and that collar is accounted the strongest for sight. And as they excel us in this particular so much noted, so I think they excel us in all the rest.  
This I am sure, I have well observed, that in the sense of smelling, they have very great perfection: which is confirmed by the opinion of the French, that are planted about Canada, who have made relation, That they are so perfect in the use of that sense, that they will distinguish between a Spaniard and a Frenchman by the sent of the hand only. 
Savages that will distinguish a Spaniard from a french man by the smell of the hand.  And I am persuaded, that the Author of this Relation has seen very probable reasons, that have iuduced him, to be of that opinion; and I am the more willing to give credit thereunto, because I have observed in them so much, as that comes to.  
I have seen a Dear pass by me upon a neck of Land, and a Savage that has pursued him by the view.  
I have accompanied him in this pursuit; and the Savage, princking the Dear, comes where he finds the view of two deer together, leading several ways. One he was sure, was fresh, but which (by the sense of seeing) he could not judge, 
A Dear pursued by the view of the, foot, he was found and killed.  therefore, with his knife, he digs up the earth of one; and by smelling, says, that was not of the fresh Dear: the digs he up the other; and viewing and smelling to that, concludes it to be the view of the fresh Dear, which he had pursued, and thereby follows the chase and kills that Dear, and I did eat part of it with him: such is their perfection in these two senses.   

CHAP. XVI. Of their acknowledgement of the Creation, and immortality of the Soul.  
ALthough these Savages are found to be without Religion, Law, and King (as Sir William Alexander hath well observed,) yet are they not altogether without the knowledge of God (historically) for they have it amongst them by tradition, that God made one man and one woman, and bade them live together, and get children, kill dear, beasts, birds, fish, and fowl, and what they would at their pleasure; and that their posterity was full of evil, and made God so angry: that he let in the Sea upon them, & drowned the greatest part of them, that were naughty men, (the Lord destroyed so.)  

The belief of the Savages.  And they went to Sanaconquam who feeds upon them, pointing to the Centre of the Earth: where they imagine is the habitation of the Devil:) the other, (which were not destroyed,) increased the world; and when they died (because they were good) went to the house of Kytan, pointing to the setting of the son; where they eat all manner of dainties, and never take pains (as now) to provide it.  

The Son called Kytan.  Kytan makes provision (they say) and saves them that labour and there they shall live with him forever void of care. And they are persuaded that Kytan is he that makes corn grow, trees grow, and all manner of fruits.  
And that we that use the book of Common prayer, do it to declare to them, that cannot read, what Kytan has commanded us, and that we do pray to him with the help of that book; and do make so much account of it, that a Savage (who had lived in my house before he had taken a wife, by whom he had children) made this request to me (knowing that I always used him with much more respect than others. 
A Savage desired to have his son brought up to learn the book of common prayer. ) That I would let his son be brought up in my house, that he might be taught to read in that book: which request of his I granted; and he was a very joyful man to think, that his son should thereby (as he said) become an Englishman; and then he would be a good man.  
I asked him who was a good man; his answer was, he that would not lie, nor steal.  
These, with them, are all the capital crimes, that can be imagined; all other are nothing in respect of those: and he that is free from these, must live with Kytan for ever, in all manner of pleasure.   

CHAP. XVII. Of their Annals and funerals.  
THese people, that have by tradition some touch of the immortality of the soul, have likewise a custom to make some monuments, over the place where the corpse is interred: 
Their custom in burryinge.  But they put a great difference between persons of noble, and of ignoble, or obscure, or inferior descent. For indeed in the grave of the more noble, they put a plank in the bottom for the corpse to be laid upon; and on each side a plank, and a plank upon the top in form of a chest, before they cover the place with earth. This done, 
Their manner of Monuments.  they erect some thing over the grave in form of a hearse cloth, as was that of Cheekatawbacks' mother, which the Plymouth planters defaced, because they accounted it an act of superstition. Which did breed a brawl as hath been before related: for they hold impious, and inhuman: to deface the monuments of the dead. They themselves esteem of it as piaculum, and have a custom amongst them, to keep their annals: & come at certain times to lament, 
At burrials, they black their faces.  & bewail the loss of their friend; & use to black their faces, which they so wear in stead of a mourning ornament for a longer or a shorter time, according to the dignity of the person: so is their annals kept and observed with their accustomed solemnity. Afterwards they absolutely abandon the place, because they suppose the sight thereof, will but renew their sorrow.  
It was a thing very offensive to them, at our first coming into those parts, to ask of them for any one that had been dead; but of later times it is not so offensively taken, to renew the memory of any diseased person, because by our example (which they are apt to follow) it is made more familiar unto them; and they marvel to see no monuments over our dead, and therefore think no great Sachem is yet come into those parts: or not as yet dead, because they see the graves all alike.   

CHAP. XVIII. Of their Custom in burning the Country, and the reason thereof.  
THe Savages are accustomed, to set fire of the Country in all places where they come; and to burn it, twize a year, vixe at the Spring, and the fall of the leaf. The reason that moves them to do so, 
The Savages fire the Country twice a year.  is because it would other wise be so overgrown with underweedes, that it would be all a coppice wood, and the people would not be able in any wise to pass through the Country out of a beaten path.  
The means that they do it with, is with certain mineral stones, that they carry about them: in bags made for that purpose of the skins of little beasts which they convert into good leather; carrying in the same a piece of touch wood (very excellent for that purpose of their own making. These mineral stones they have from the Piquenteenes (which is to the Southward of all the plantations in New England) by trade and traffic with those people.  
The burning of the grass destroys the underwoods', and so scorcheth the elder trees, that it shrinks them, and hinders their growth very much: So that he that will look to find large trees, and good timber, must not depend upon the help, of a wooden prospect to find them on the upland ground; but must seek for them, (as I and others have done) in the lower grounds where the grounds are wet when the Country is fired: by reason of the snow water that remains there for a time, until the Sun by continuance of that hath exhaled the vapours of the earth, and dried up those places, where the fire (by reason of the moisture) can have no power to do them any hurt: and if he would endevoure to find out any goodly Cedars, he must not seek for them on the higher grounds, but make his inquest for them in the valleys, for the Savages by this Custom of theirs, have spoiled all the rest: for this custom hath been continued from the beginning.  
And lest their firing of the Country in this manner; should be an occasion of damnifying us, and indaingering our habitations; we ourselves have used carefully about the same times; to observe the winds and fire the grounds about our own habitations, to prevent the Damage that might happen by any neglect thereof, if the fire should come near those houses in our absence.  
For when the fire is once kindled, it dilates and spreads itself as well against, as with the wind; burning continually night and day, until a shower of rain falls to quench it.  
And this custom of firing the Country is the means to make it passable, and by that means the trees grow here, and there as in our parks: and makes the Country very beautiful, and commodious.   

CHAP. XIX. Of their inclination to Drunkenness.  
ALthough Drunkenness be justly termed a vice, which the Savages are ignorant of, yet the benefit is very great, that comes to the planters by the sale of strong liquor to the Savages, who are much taken with the delight of it, for they will pawn their wits, to purchase the acquaintance of it, yet in all the commerce that I had with them, I never proffered them any such thing; nay I would hardly let any of them have a dram unless he were a Sachem, or a Winnaytue, that is a rich man, or a man of estimation, next in degree to a Sachem, or Sagamore: I always told them it was amongst us the Sachems' drink. But they say if I come to the Northern parts of the Country. I shall have no trade, if I will not supply them lusty with liquors, it is the life of the trade, in all those for parts, it so happened, that thus a Savage desperately killed himself, when he was drunk, a gun being charged and the cock up, he sets the mouth to his breast, and putting back the tricker with his foot, shot himself dead.   

CHAP. XX. That the Savages live a contended life.  
A Gentleman and a traveller, that had been in the parts of New England for a time, when he returned again in his discourse of the Country, wondered (as he said,) that the natives of the land lived so poorly, in so rich a Country, like to our Beggars in England: Surely that Gentleman had not time or leisure whiles he was there, truly to inform himself of the state of that Country, and the happy life the Savages would lead wear they once brought to Christianity. 
The Savages want the art of navigation   
I must confess they want the use and benefit of Navigation (which is the very sinnus of a flourishing Commonwealth,) yet are they supplied with all manner of needful things, for the maintenance of life and lifelyhood, Food and raiment are the chief of all that we make true use of; and of their they find no want, but have, and may have, them in a most plentiful manner.  
If our beggars of England should with so much ease (as they,) furnish themselves with food, at all seasons, there would not be so many starved in the streets, neither would so many gaoles be stuffed, or gallows furnished with poor wretches, as I have seen them,  
But they of this sort of our own nation, that are fit to go to this Canaan are not able to transport themselves, and most of them unwilling to go from the good ale tap; which is the very loadstone of the land by which our English beggars steer their Course: it is the Northpole to which the flower-de-luce of the compass points; the more is the pity that the Commonalty of our Land are of such leaden capacities, as to neglect so brave a Country, that doth so plentifully feed Maine lusty and a brave, able men, women, and children that have not the means that a Civilised Nation hath to purchase food and raiment: which that Country with a little industry: will yield a man in a very comfortable measure; without overmuch carking.  
I cannot deny but a civilised Nation, hath the pre-eminence of an uncivilized, by means of those instruments that are found to be common amongst  people, and the uncivile want the use of, to make themselves masters of those ornaments, that make such a glorious show, that will give a man occasion to cry, sie transit gloria Mundi.  
Now since it is but food and raiment that men that live needeth (though not all alike,) why should not the Natives of New England be said to live richly having no want of either:  are the badge of sin, and the more variety of fashions is but the greater abuse of the Creature, the beasts of the forest there do serve to furnish them at any time, when they please: fish and flesh they have in great abundance which they both roast and boil.  
They are indeed not served in dishes of plate with variety of Sauces of procure appetite, that needs not there. The rarity of the air begot by the medicinable quality of the sweet herbs of the Country, always procures good stomaches to the inhabitants.  
I must needs commend them in this particular, that though they buy many commodities of our Nation, yet they keep but few, and those of special use.  
They love not to be cumbered with many utensilles, and although every proprietor knows his owns, yet all things (so long as they will last,) are used in common amongst them: A biscuit cake given to one; that one breaks it equally into so many parts, as there be persons in his company, and distributes it. Plato's Commonwealth is so much practised by these people.  
According to humane reason guided only by the light of nature, 
They lead a happy life, being void of care.  these people leads the more happy and freer life, being void of care, which torments the minds of so many Christians: They are not delighted in baubles, but in useful things.  
Their natural drink is of the Crystal fountain; and this they take up in their hands, by joining them close together. They take up a great quantity at a time, and drink at the wrists, It was the sight of such a feat, which made Diogenes hurl away his dish, and like one that would have this principal confirmed. Natura paucis contentat, use a dish no more.  
I have observed that they will not be troubled with superfluous commodities. Such things as they find, they are taught by necessity to make use of. they will make choice of; and seek to purchase with industry so that in respect, that their life is so void of care, 
They make use of ordinary things, one of another's as common.  and they are so loving also that they make use of those things they enjoy (the wife only excepted) as common goods, and are therein, so compassionate that rather than one should starve through want they would starve all, thus do they pass away they time merrily, not regarding our pomp (which they see daily before their faces) but are better content with their own, which some men esteem so meanly of.  
They may be rather accounted to live richly, wanting nothing that is needful; and to be commended for leading a contented life, the younger being ruled by the Elder, and the Elder ruled by the Powahs, and the Powahs are ruled by the Devil, and then you may imagine what good rule is like to be amongst them.   
FINIS.   

NEW ENGLISH CANAAN, OR NEW CANAAN.  
The second Book. Containing a description of the beauty of the Country with her natural indowements, both in the Land and Sea, with the great Lake of Erocoise.  

CHAP. I The general Survey of the Country:  
IN the Month of june, Anno Salutis: 1622. It was my chance to arrive in the parts of New England with 30. Servants, and provision of all sorts fit for a plantation: And whiles our houses were building, I did endeavour to take a survey of the Country: The more I looked, the more I liked it.  

A famous Country.  And when I had more seriously considered, of the beauty of the place, with all her fair endowments, I did not think that in all the known world it could be paralleled. For so many goodly groves of trees; dainty fine round rising hillucks: 
Their fountains are as clear as Crystal.  delicate fair large plains; sweet crystal fountains; and clear running streams, that twine in fine meanders through the meads, making so sweet a murmuring noise to hear, as would even lull the senses with delight a sleep, so pleasantly do, they glide upon the pebble stones, jetting most jocundly where they do meet; and hand in hand run down to Neptune's Court, to pay the yearly tribute, which they own to him as sovereign Lord of all the springs. Contained within the volume of the Land, 
Great store of fowls, fish and turtle-doves.  Fowls in abundance, Fish in multitude, and discovered beside; Millions of Turtledoves one the green boughs: which sat pecking, of the full ripe pleasant grapes, that were supported by the lusty trees, whose fruitful load did 'cause the arms to bend, which here and there dispersed (you might see) Lilies and of the Daphnean-tree, which made the Land to me seem paradise, for in mine eye, 'twas Nature's Masterpiece: Her chiefest Magazine of all, where lives her store: if this Land be not rich, then is the whole world poor.  
What I had resolved on, I have really performed, and I have endeavoured, to use this abstract as an instrument, to be the means, to communicate the knowledge which I have gathered, by my many years residence in those parts, unto my Countrymen, to the end, that they may the better perceive their error, who cannot imagine, that there is any Country in the universal world, which may be compared unto our native soil, I will now discover unto them a Country whose endowments are by learned men allowed to stand in a parallel with the Israelites Canaan, which none will deny, to be a land fare more excellent than Old England in her proper nature.  
This I consider I am bound in duty (as becometh a Christian man) to perform, for the glory of God, in the first place; next (according to Cicero,) to acknowledge that, Non nobis solum nati sumus, sed partim patria, partim parents, partim amiei vindicant.  
For which cause I must approve of the indeavoures of my Country men, that have been studious to enlarge the territories of his Majesty's empire by planting Coloines in America.  
And of all other I must applaud the judgement of those that have made choice of this part (whereof I now treat) being of all other most absolute, as I will make it appear, hereafter by way of parallel, among those that have settled themselves in new England, some have gone for their conscience sake, (as they profess) & I wish that they may plant the Gospel of jesus Christ: as becometh them, sincerely and without satisme or faction, whatsoever their former or present practices are (which I intent not to justify, howsoever they have deserved (in mine opinion) some commendationes, in that they have furnished the Country, so commodiously in so short a time, although it hath been but for their own profit, yet posterity will taste the sweetness of it, and that very suddenly.  
And since my task in this part of mine abstract, is to entreat of the natural endowments, of the Country, I will make a breise demostration of them in order, severally, according to their several qualities: and show you what they are, and what profitable use may be made of them by industry.   

CHAP. II. what trees are there and how commodious.  
Oaks are there of two sorts, 
1. Oak.  white and red, excellent timber for the building, both of houses, and shipping: and they are found to be a timber, that is more tough than the oak of England. They are excellent for pipe-staves and such like vessels; and pipe-staves at the Canary Lands are a prime commodity, I have known them there at 35. p. the 1000 and will purchase a freight of wines there before any commodity in England, their only wood being pine, of which they are enforced, also to build shiping: of oackes there is great abundance in the parts of New England, and they may have a prime place in the Catalogue of commodities.  
Ashe there is store and very good for staves, 
2. Ashe.  oars or pikes, and may have a place in the same Catalogue.  
Elem: 
3. Elm.  of this sort of trees, there are some; but there hath not as yet been found any quantity to speak of.  
Beech there is of two sorts, 
4. Beech.  red and white very excellent for trenchers, or chairs and also for oars and may be accounted for a commodity.  
Wallnut, 
5. Wallnut.  of this sort of wood there is infinite store and there are 4. sorts, it is an excellent wood, for many uses approved, the younger trees are employed for hoops, and are the best for that imployement of all other stuff whatsoever, the Nuts serve when they fall to feed our swine, which make them the delicatest bacon of all other food, and is therein a chief commodity.  
Chestnutt, 
6. Chestnuts.  of this sort there is very great plenty; the timber whereof is excellent for building and is a very good commodity, especially in respect of the fruit, both for man and beast.  
Pine, 
7. Pine.  of this sort there is infinite store in some parts of the Country. I have traveled 10. miles together, where is little, or no other wood growing. And of these may be made rosin, pitch, and tar, which are such useful commodities, that if we had them not from other Countries in Amity with England, our Navigation would decline. Than how great the commodity of it will be to our Nation, to have it of our own, let any man judge.  
Cedar, of this sort there is abundance; 
8. Cedar.  and this wood was such as Solomon used for the building of that glorious Temple at Jerusalem, and there are of these Cedars, fir trees, and other materials necessary for the building of many fair Temples, if there were any Salomons to be at the Cost of them, and if any man be desirous to find out in what part of the Country the best Cedars are, he must get into the bottom grounds, and in valleys that are wet at the spring of the year, where the moisture preserves them from the fire in spring time and not in a wooden prospect, This wood cuts read, and is good for bedsteads tables and chests, and may be placed in the Catalogue of Commodities.  
Cypress, of this there is great plenty, and vulgarly this tree hath been taken, 
9 Cypress.  for another sort of Cedar; but workmen put a difference between this Cypress, and the Cedar, especially in the colour; for this is white and that red white and likewise in the fineness of the leaf and the smoothness of the barque. This wood is also sweeter than Cedar and (as it is in Garrets herbal) a more beautiful tree; it is of all other to my mind, most beautiful, and cannot be denied to pass for a commodity.  
Spruce, 
10. Spruce.  of these there are infinite store, especially in the Northern parts of the Country: and they have been approved by workmen in England, to be more tough, than those that they have out of the east country: from whence we have them for masts and yards of shipppes.  

The Spruce of this Country are found to be 3. & 4. fadum about.  The Spruce of this country are found to be 3. and 4. fadum about: and are reputed able single, to make masts for the biggest ship, that sails on the main Ocean, without peesing, which is more than the East country can afford. And seeing that Navigation is the very sinneus of a flourishing Commonwealth, it is fitting, to allow the Spruce tree a principal place, in the Catalogue of commodities.  
Alder, 
11. Alder.  of this sort there is plenty by rivers sides good for turners.  
Birch, 
12. Birch.  of this there is plenty in diverse parts of the Country. Of the bark of these the Savages of the Northern parts make them delicate Canowes', so light, that two men will transport one of them over Land whether they list, and yet one of them will transport ten or twelffe Savages by water at a time.  
Mayple, 
13. Maple.  of those trees there is great abundance, and these are very excellent, for bowls. The Indians use of it to that purpose, and is to be accounted a good commodity.  
Eldern, there is plenty in that Country, of this The Savages make their Arrows, 
14. Eldern.  and it hath no strong unsavery sentlike our Eldern in England.  
Hawthorne, of this there is two sorts, 
15. Hawthrone.  one of this which bears a well tasting berry, as big as one's thumb, and looks like little Queen apples,  
Vines, of this kind of trees, 
16. Vines.  there are that bear grapes of three colours, that is to say: white, black, and red.  
The Country is so apt for vines, that (but for the fire at the spring of the year) the vines would so over spread the land, that one should not be able to pass for them, the fruit is as big of some; as a musket bullet, and is excellent in taste.  
Plumtrees, of this kind there are many; 
1. Plums.  some that bear fruit as big as our ordinary bullis: others there be, that do bear fruit much bigger than pear plums, their colour red, and their stones flat, very delicious in taste.  
Cheritrees, 
17. Cherries  there are abundance, but the fruit is as small as our sloes, but if any of them were replanted, & grafted, in an orchard they would soon be raised by means of such and the like fruits.  
There is great abundance of Musk Roses in diverse places: 
19 Roses.  the water distilled excelleth our Rose-water of England.  
There is abundance of Sassafras and Sarsaperilla, 
20. Sassafras and 21. Sarsaperilla.  growing in diverse places of the land; whose buds at the spring do perfume the air.  
Other trees there are not greatly material to be recited in this abstract, as goose berries, rasberies, and other berries.  
There is Hemp that naturally groweth, finer than our Hemp of England.   

CHAP. III. Potthearbes and other herbs for Salads.  
THe Country there naturally affordeth very good potherbes and salad herbs and those of a more maskuline virtue than any of the same species in England; 
Potmarioram Time, Alexander, Angellica, Pursland, Violets, and Anniseeds,  as Potmarioram, Time, Alexander, Angellica, Pursland, Violets, and Anniseeds, in very great abundance: and forth pot I gathered in summer, dried and crumbled into a bag to preserve for winter store.  

Hunnisuckles and Balm.  Hunnisuckles, balm, and diverse other good herbs are there, that grow without the industry of man, that are used when occasion serveth very commodiously.   

CHAP. IU. Of Birds, and feathered fowls.  
NOw that I have briefly shown the Commodity of the trees, herbs, and fruits. I will show you a description of the fowls of the air, as most proper in ordinary course.  
And first of the Swan, 
Swans▪  because she is the biggest of all the fowls of that Country. There are of them in Merrimack River, and in other parts of the country, great store at the seaons of the year.  
The flesh is not much desired of the inhabitants, but the skins may be accounted a commodity, fit for diverse uses, both for feathers, and quiles.  

Geese, pied. white, and grey.  There are Geese of three sorts advise brant Geese, which are pied, and white Geese which are bigger, and grey Geese which are as big and bigger than the tame Geese of England, with black legs, black bills, heads, and necks black; the flesh fare more excellent, than the Geese of England, wild or tame, yet the purity of the air is such, that the biggest is accounted but an indifferent meal for a couple of men. There is of them great abundance. I have had often 1000 before the mouth of my gun, I never saw any in England for my part so fat, as I have killed there in those parts, the feathers of them makes a bed, softer than any down bed that I have lain on: and is there a very good commodity, 
Feathers pay for powether and shot.  the feathers of the Geese that I have killed in a short time, have paid for all the powther and shot, I have spent in a year, and I have fed my dogs with as fat Geese there, as I have ever fed upon myself in England.  

Ducks pied, grey, & black  Ducks, there are of three kinds, pied Ducks, grey Ducks, and black Ducks in great abundance: the most about my habitation were black Ducks: and it was a noted Custom at my house, to have every man's Duck upon a trencher, and then you will think a man was not hardly used, they are bigger boddied, than the tame Ducks of England: Very fat and dainty flesh.  
The common dogs fees were the gibletts, unless they were boiled now and than for to make broth.  

Teals green and blue.  Teals, there are of two sorts green winged, and blew winged: but a dainty bird, I have been much delighted with a roast of these for a second course, I had plenty in the rivers and ponds about my house.  
Widggens there are, 
Widggens.  and abundance of other water foul, some such as I have seen, and such as I have not seen else where, before I came into those parts, which are little regarded.  
Simpes, 
Simpes.  there are like our Simpes in all respects, with very little difference. I have shot at them only, to see what difference I could find between them and and those of my native Country, and more I did not regard them.  
Sanderlings are a dainty bird, 
Sanderlings.  more full boddied than a Snipe, and I was much delighted to feed on them, because they were fat, and easy to come by, because I went but a step or to for them: and I have killed between four and five dozen at a shoot which would load me home.  
Their food is at ebbing water on the sands, of small seeds, that grows on weeds there, and are very good pastime in August.  
Cranes, there are great tore, 
Cranes.  that ever more came there at S. David's day, and not before: that day they never would miss.  
These sometimes eat our corn, and do pay for their presumption well enough; and serveth there in powther, with turnips to supply the place of powthered beef, and is a goodly bird in a dish, and no discommodity.  
Turkeys there are, 
Turkeys.  which diverse times in great flocks have sallied by our doors; and then a gun; (being commonly in a readiness,) salutes them with such a courtesy, as makes them take a turn in the Cook room. They dance by the door so well.  
Of these there hath been killed, that have weighed forty eight pound a piece.  
They are by mainy degrees sweeter than the tame Turkeys of England, feed them how you can.  
I had a Savage who hath taken out his boy in a morning, and they have brought home their loads about noon.  
I have asked them what number they found in the woods, who have answered Neent Metawna, which is a thousand that day; the plenty of them is such in those parts. They are easily killed at rooste, because the one being killed, the other sit fast nevertheless, and this is no bad commodity.  
There are a kind of fowls which are commonly called Pheisants, 
Pheisants.  but whether they be pheysants or not, I will not take upon me, to determine. They are in form like our pheisant hen of England. Both the male and the female are alike; but they are rough footed; and have stareing feathers about the head and neck, the body is as big as the pheysant hen of England; and are excellent white flesh, and delicate white meat, yet we seldom bestow a shoot at them.  

Partridges bigger in body as those of England.  Partridges, there are much, like our Partridges of England, they are of the same plumes, but bigger in body. They have not the sign of the horse-shoe on the breast as the Partridges of England; nor are they coloured about the heads as those are; they sit on the trees. For I have seen 40. in one tree at a time: yet at night they fall on the ground, and sit until morning so together; and are dainty flesh.  

Quails bigger body as those in England.  There are quails also, but bigger than the quails in England. They take trees also: for I have numbered 60. upon a tree at a time. The cocks do call at the time of the year, but with a different note from the cock quails of England.  

The Larks sing not.  The Larks there, are like our Larks of England in all respects: saving that they do not it use to sing at all.  
There are Owls of diverse kinds: 
Owls.  but I did never hear any of them whop as ours do.  

The Crow's smell & taste of Musk in summer, but not in winter  There are Crows, kights and rooks that do differ in some respects from those of England. The Crows (which I have much admired, what should be the cause) both smell and taste of Musk in summer, but not in winter.  

Hawks of five sorts.  There are Hawks in New England of 5. sorts, and these of all other feather fowls I must not omit, to speak of, nor need I to make any Apology for myself, concerning any trespass, that I am like to make upon my judgement, concerning the nature of them, having been bred in so genius a way, that I had the common use of them in England: and at my first arrival in those parts practised to take a Lannaret, 
A Lanneret.  which I reclaimed, trained, and made flying in a fortnight, the same being a passenger at Michuelmas. I found that these are most excellent Mettle, rank winged, well conditioned, and not tickleish footed, and having whoods, bells, luers, and all things fitting, was desirous to make experiment of that kind of Hawk, before any other.  
And I am persuaded: that Nature hath ordained them to be of a fare better kind, than any that have been used in England. They have neither dorre, nor worm to feed upon (as in other parts of the world) the Country affording none, the use whereof in other parts, makes the Lannars there more bussardly, than they be in New England.  
There are likewise Falcons, 
Falcons▪  and tassel gentles, admirable well shaped birds, and they will tower up when they purpose to pray, and on a sudden, when they esspie their game, they will make such a cancellere, that one would admire to behold them, Some there are more black, than any that have been used in England.  
The Tassel gent, (but of the lest size) is an ornament for a person of esimation among the Indians to wear in the knot of his lock, with the train upright, the body dried and stretched out. They take a great pride in the wearing of such an ornament, and give to one of us (that shall kill them one for that purpose) so much beaver as is worth three pounds sterling very willingly.  
These do us but little trespass, because they pray on such birds as are by the Sea side, and not on our Chickens. Goshawkes' there are, and Tassels.  

Goshawkes' well shaped  The Tassels are short trussed bussards; but the Goshawkes' are well shaped, but they are small; some of white male, and some red male, I have seen one with 8. bars in the train. These fall on our bigger poultry: the lesser chicken. I think they scorn to make their prey of; for commonly the Cock goes to wrack. Of these I have seen many, and if they come to trespass me, I lay the law to them with the gun, and take them damage pheasant.  

Marlins' small and great.  There are very many Marlins'; some very small, and some so large as is the Barbary tassel.  
I have often beheld these pretty birds, how they have scoured after the black bird, which is a small sized Choffe that eateth the Indian maisze.  
Sparhawk's there are also, 
Sparhawk's.  the fairest, and best shaped birds that I have ever beheld of that kind, those that are little, no use is made of any of them, neither are they regarded, I only tried conclusions with a Lannaret at first coming; and when I found, what was in that bird, I turned him going: but for so much as I have observed of those birds, they may be a fit present for a prince; and for goodness too be preferred before the Barbary, or any other used in Christendom, and especially the Lannars and Lannarets.  

A Hunning bird, is as small as a Beetle. His bill as sharp as a needle point, and his feathers like silk.  There is a curious bird to see to, called a hunning bird, no bigger than a great Beetle; that out of question lives upon the Bee, which he eateth and catcheth amongst Flowers: For it is his Custom to frequent those places, Flowers he cannot feed upon by reason of his sharp bill, which is like the point of a Spanish needle, but short. His feathers have a glass like silk, and as he stirs, they show to be of a chaingable colour: and has been, and is admired for shape colour, and size.   

CHAP. V Of the Beasts, of the forest.  
NOw that I have made a rehearsal of the birds, and feathered Fowls, which participate most of air, I will give you a description of the beasts, and show you, what beasts are bred in those parts, and what my experience hath gathered, by observation of their kind, and nature, I begin with the most useful and most beneficial beast, which is bred in those parts, which is the Dear.  

Dear of 3. kinds.  There are in this Country, three kinds of Dear, of which there are great plenty, and those are very useful.  

Mose or Read dear.  First, therefore I will speak of the Elk, which Savages call a Mose: it is a very large Dear, with a very fair head, and a broad palm, like the palm of a fallow Deer horn, but much bigger, and is 6. footewide between the tipps, which grow curbing downwards: He is of the bigness of a great horse.  

Mose or dear greater than a horse, the height of them 18. hand fulls.  There have been of them, seen that has been 18. handfuls high: he hath a bunch of hair under his jaws: he is not swift, but strong and large in body, and long legged; insomuch that he doth use to kneel, when he feedeth on grass.  

They bring forth three fauns at one time.  He bringeth forth three fauns, or young ones, at a time; and being made tame, would be good for draught, and more useful (by reason of their strength) than the Elk of Raushea. These are found very frequent, in the northern parts of New England, their flesh is very good food, and much better than our red Dear of England.  

They make good leather of the hides of Dear.  Their hids are by the Salyages converted into very good leather, and dressed as white as milk.  
Of this leather, the Savages make the best shoes, and use to barter away the skins to other Savages, that have none of that kind of bests in the parts where they live. Very good buff may be made of the hids, I have seen a hide as large as any horse hide that can be found. There is such abundance of them that the Savages, at hunting time, have killed of them so many, that they have bestowed six or seven at a time, upon one English man whom they have borne affection to.  

The middling Dear or fallow Dear.  There is a second sort of Dear (less than the red Dear of England, but much bigger than the English fallow Dear) swift of foot, but of a more dark colour; with some griseld hairs. When his coat is full grown in the summer season, his horns grow curving, with a crooked beam, resembling our red Dear, not with a palm like the fallow Dear.  
These bring 3. fawns at a time, spotted like our fallow Deer fawns; the Savages say, four, I speak of what I know to be true; for I have killed, in February a do with three fawns in her belly, all heard, and ready to fall; for these Dear fall their fawns, 2. months sooner; then the fallow Dear of England. There is such abundance of them, that an hundred have been found at the spring of the year, within the compass of a mile.  

Traps to catch the Dear.  The Savages take these in traps made of their natural Hemp, which they place in the earth; where they fell a tree for browse, and when he rounds the tree for the browse, if he tread on the trapp, he is horsed up by the leg, by means of a pole that starts up, and catcheth him.  
Their hides the Saluages use for clothing, and will give for one hide killed in season 2. 3. or 4. beaver skins, which will yield pounds a piece in that Country: so much is the Deer hide prised with them above the beaver. I have made good merchandise of these, the flesh is fare sweeter than the venison of England: and he feedeth fat and lean together as a swine, or mutton, where as our Dear of England feed fat on the out side, they do not croak at rutting time, nor spendle shaft, nor is their flesh discolored at rutting. He that will impale ground fitting, may be brought once in the year, wherewith bats and men he may take so many to put into that park, as the hides will pay the charge of impaleinge, If all these things be well considered, the Dear, as well as the Mose, may have a principal place in the catalogue of commodities.  

The Humbles was the dogs fee.  I for my Part may be bold to tell you, that my house, was not without the flesh of this sort of Dear, winter nor summer, the humbles was ever my dog's fee, which by the weasel, was hanged on the bar in in the Chimney, for his diet only: for he has brought to my stand a brace in a morning, one after the other, before sun rising, which I have killed.  
There is likewise, a third sort of dear, less than the other, 
Roe bucks or Rain Dear.  (which are a kind of rain dear) to the southward of all the English plantations, they are excellent good flesh. And these also bring three fawns at a time, and in this particular the Dear of those parts, excel all the known Dear of the whole world.  

Wolves pray upon Dear.  On all these the Wolves do pray continually, the best means they have (to escape the wolves is by swimming to Islands, or necks of land, whereby they escape: for the wolf will not presume to follow them, until they see them over a river; then being landed, (they waiting on the shore) undertake the water, and so follow with fresh suit.  
The next in mine opinion fit to be spoken of, 
Beaver.  is the Beaver; which is a Beast ordained, for land and water both, and hath fore feet like a coney, her hinder feet like a go, mouthed like a coney, but short eared like a Serat, fish in summer, and wood in winter, which he conveys to his house built on the water, wherein he sits with his tail hanging in the water, which else would over heat and rot off.  

The Beavers cut down trees, with his foreteeth.  He cuts the bodies of trees down with his foreteeth, which are so long as a boars tusks, & with the help of other beavers (which held by each others tails like a team of horses) the hind most with the leg on his shoulder stayed by one of his fore feet against his head) they draw the log to the habitation apppointed, placing the logs in a square, and so by pyling one upon another, they build up a house, which with boghes is covered very strongly, and placed in some pond to which they make a dam of brush wood like a hedge: so strong, that I have gone on the top of it cross the current of that pond. The flesh of this beast is excellent food. The fleece is a very choice fur, which (before the Savages had commerce with Christians) they burned of the tail, this beast is of a masculine virtue for the advancement of Priapus: and is preserved for a dish for the Sachems', or Sagamores: who are the princes of the people but not Kings (as is fond supposed.)  

Beaver at 10. shill. a pound.  The skins are the best merchantable commodity, that can be found, to 'cause ready money to be brought into the land, now that they are raised to 10. shillings a pound. 
In 5 years one man got together 1000 p. in good gold.   
A servant of mine in 5. years, was thought to have a 1000 p. in ready gold gotten by beaver when he died; whasoever became of it. And this beast may challenge pre-eminence in the Catalogue.  

The Otter in winter hath a fur as black as jet.  The Otter of those parts, in winter season hath a fur so black as jet; and is a fur of very high price: a good black skin is worth 3. of 4. Angels of gold. The Flesh is eaten by the Savages: but how good it is I cannot show, because it is not eaten by our Nation. Yet is this a beast, that aught to be placed in the number amongst the Commodities of the Country.  
The Luseran, or Luseret, is a beast like a Cat: but so big as a great hound: 
The Luseran as big as a hound.  with a tail shorter than a Cat. His claws are like a Cats, He will make a pray of the Dear. His Flesh is dainty meat, like a lamb: his hide is achoise fur, and accounted a good commodity.  
The Martin is a beast about the bigness, of a Fox. His fur is chestnutt colour, 
The Martin is about the bigness of a Fox.  and of those there are great store in the Northern parts of the Country, and is a good commodity.  
The Racowne is a beast as big, full out, as a Fox, 
Racowne.  with a Bushtayle. His Flesh excellent food: his oil precious for the Syattica, his fur course, but the skins serve the Savages for coats: and is with those people of more esteem, than a coat of beaver, because of the tails that (hanging round in their order) do adorn the garment, and is therefore so much esteemed of them. His fore feet are like the feet of an ape; and by the print thereof, in the time of snow, he is followed to his hole, which is commonly in a hollow tree, from whence he is fired out; and saot ken.  

The Foxes read and grey.  The Foxes are of two colours: the one red, the other grey, these feed on fish; and are good fur, they do not stink, as the Foxes of England, but their condition for their prey, is as the Foxes of England.  

The Wolves of divers colours.  The Wolves are of diverse colours: some sandy coloured: some griselled, and some black, their food is fish which they catch, when they pass up the rivers, into the ponds to spawn, at the spring time. The Dear are also their prey, and at summer, when they have whelps, the bitch will fetch a puppy dog from our doors, to feed their whelps with. They are fearful Curs, and will run away from a man (that meeteth them by chance at bank end) as fast as any fearful dog. These pray upon the Dear very much. The skins are used by the Savages, especially the skin of the black wolf, which is esteemed a present for a prince there.  

The skin of a black wolf, a present for a prince.  When there ariseth any difference between prince, and prince, the prince that desires to be reconciled to his neighbouring prince does endeavour to purchase it, by sending him a black wolves skin for a present, and the acceptance of such a present is an assurance of reconciliation between them; and the Savages will willingly give 40. beaver skins for the purchase of one of these black Wolves skins: and although the beast himself be a discommodity, which other Countries of Christendom are subject unto, yet is the skin of the black wolf worthy, the title of a commodity, in that respect that hath been declared.  

The Bears afraid of a man.  If I should not speak something of the bear, I might happily leave a scruple, in the minds of some effeminate person who conceived of more danger in them, than there is cause. Therefore to encourage them against all Fear, and Fortify their minds against needle's danger, I will relate what experience hath taught me; concerning them, they are beasts that do no harm in those parts: they feed upon Hurtleburies', Nuts, and Fish, especially shellfish.  
The Bear is a tyrant at a Lobster, and at low water will down to the Rocks, and grope after them with great diligence.  

The Savages seeing a bear chase him like a dog and kill him.  He will run away from a man as fast as a little dog, If a couple of Savages chance to espy him at his banquet, his running a way, will not serve his turn, for they will coat him, and chase him between them home to their houses, where they kill him, to save a labour in carrying him fare. His Flesh is esteemed venision, and of a better taste than beef.  
His hide is used by the Savages, for garments, and is more commodious than discommodious, and may pass (with some allowance) with the rest.  
The Musk wash, 
Muske-washe.  is a beast that frequenteth the ponds. What he eats I cannot find. He is but a small beast, less than a Coney, and is indeed in those parts no other than a water Rat, for I have seen the suckers of them digged out of a bank; and at that age, they neither differed in shape colour, nor size, from one of our great Rats. When he is old, he is of the Beavers colour; and hath passed in wait with our Chapmen for Beaver.  
The Male of them have stones, which the Savages, in un caseing of them, leave to the skin, which is a most delicate perfume, and may compare with any perfume that I know for goodness; Than may not this be excluded the Catalogue.  
This Country, in the North parts thereof, hath many Porcupines, but I do not find, 
Porcupines.  the beast any way useful or hurtful.  
There are in those Northern parts many Hedge-hoggs, 
Hedghoggs.  of the like nature, to our English Hedghoggs.  

Coneys of several sorts.  Here are great store of Coneys in those parts, of diverse colours; some white, some black, and some grey. Those towards the Southern parts are very small, but those to the North are as big as the English Coney: their ears are very short. For meat the small rabbit is as good as any that I have eaten of else where.  

Squirrels of three sorts.  There are Squirrels of three sorts, very different in shape and condition; and is grey, and he is as big as the lesser Coney, and keepeth the woods feeding, upon nuts.  
Another is read, and he haunts our houses, and will rob us of our Corn, but the Cat many times, pays him the price of his presumption.  

A flying Squirill.  The third is a little flying Squirill, with bat like wings, which he spreads when he jumps from tree to tree, and does no harm.  
Now because I am upon a treaty of the beasts, 
Snakes.  I will place this creature the snake amongst the beasts having my warrant from the holy Bible; who (though his posture in his passage be so different from all other, being of a more subtle and aidry nature, that he can make his way without feet, and lift himself above the superficies of the earth, as he glids along.)  
Yet may he not be ranked with any, but the beasts, notwithstanding he frequents the water, as well as the land.  
There are of Snakes diverse, and of several kinds, as be with us in England, but that Country hath not so many, as in England have been known.  
The general Savage name of them is Ascowke.  

The rattle Snakes.  There is one creeping beast or long cripple (as the name is in Devonshire,) that hath a rattle at his tail, that does discover his age; for so many years as he hath lived, so many joints are in that rattle, which soundeth (when it is in motion,) like pease in a bladder, and this beast is called a rattle Snake, but the Savages give him the name of Sesick; which some take to be the Adder; and it may well be so; for the Savages are significiant in their denomination of any thing) and is no less hurtful than the Adder of England, nor no more. I have had my dog venomed with troubling one of these; and so swelled, that I had thought it would have been his death: but with one Saucer of Salet oil poured down his throat, he has recovered, and the swelling assuaged by the next day. The like experiment hath been made upon a boy, that hath by chance trod upon one of these, and the boy never the worse. Therefore it is simplicity in any one that shall tell a bugbear tale of horrible, or terrible Serpents that are in that land.  
Miso there are good store, 
Miso.  and my Lady Wood-bees black grey malkin may have pastime enough there: but for Rats, the Country by Nature is troubbled with none.  

Lion's always in ho Climates, not in cold.  Lion's there are none in New England: it is contrary to the Nature of the beast, to frequent places accustomed to snow; being like the Cat, that will hazard the burning of her tail rather than abide from the fire.   

CHAP. VI Of Stones and Minerals.  
NOw (for as much as I have in a brief abstract shown you the Creatures: whose specifical Natures do sympathize with the elements of fire and air) I will come to speak of the Creatures that participate of earth more than the other two, which is stones.  
And first of the Marble for building; 
Marble.  whereof there is much in those parts, in so much as there is one bay in the land, that beareth the name of Marble harbour, because of the plenty of Marble there: and these are useful for building of Sumptuous Palaces.  
And because, 
Limestone.  no good building can be made permanent, or durable, without Lime: I will let you understand that there is good Limestone near to the river of Monatoquinte at uttaquatockto my knowledge and we hope other places too, (that I have not taken so much notice of) may have the like, or better: and those stones are very convenient for building.  
Chalk stones there are near Squantos' Chapel shown me by a Savage. 
Chalk.   
There is abundance of excellent Slate in diverse places of the Country: 
Slate.  and the best that ever I beheld for covering of houses: and the inhabitanrs have made good use of these materials for building.  
There is a very useful Stone in the Land, and as yet there is found out but one place where they may be had, 
Whetstone's.  in the whole Country, Old Woodman, (that was choked at Plymouth after he had played the unhappy Marks man when he was pursued by a careless fellow that was new come into the Land) they say laboured ro get a patent of it to himself. He was beloved of many, and had many sons, that had a mind to engross that commodity. And I cannot spy any mention made of it in the wooden prospect.  
Therefore I begin to suspect his aim: that it was for himself, and therefore will I not discover it, it is the Stone so much commended by Ovid, because love delighteth to make his habitation in a building of those materials, where he advises. Those that seek for love to do it, Duris in Cotibus illum.  
This Stone the Savages do call Cos, and of these (on the North end of Richmond Hand) are store, and those are very excellent good for edged tools: I envy not his happiness. I have been there: viewed the place, liked the commodity: but will not plant so Northerly for that, nor any other commodity that is there to be had.  
There are Loadestones also in the Northern parts of the land: 
Lodestones.  and those which were found are very good, and are a commodity worth the noting.  
Iron stones there are abundance: 
Ironstones.  and several sorts of them known.  
Led over is there likewise, 
Lead.  and hath been found by the breaking of earth, which the Frost hath made mellow.  
Black Lead I have likewise found very good, 
Black lead.  which the Savages use to paint their faces with.  
Read Lead is there likewise in great abundance. 
Read lead.   
There is very excellent Boll Armoniac. 
Boll.   
There is most excellent Vermilion. All these things the Savages make some little use of, and do find them on the circumference of the Earth.  
Brimstone mine's there are likewise. 
Brimstone.   
Ours of Tin, 
Tin.  are likewise known to be in those parts: which will in short time be made use of: and this cannot be accounted a mean commodity.  
Copper mines are there found likewise: that will enrich the Inhabitants. 
Copper.  But until their young Cattles, be grown hardy labourers in the yoke, that the Plough and the Wheat may be seen more plentifully, it is a work must be forborn.  
They say there is a Silver, and a gold mine found by Captain Littleworth: 
Silver.  if he get a patent of it to himself, he will surely change his name.   

CHAP. VII. Of the Fishes, and what Commodity they prove.  
AMong Fishes. First I will begin with the Codd, because it is the most commodious of all fish, as may appear, by the use which is made of them in foreign parts.  
The Codd fishing is much used in America, 
Codd.  (whereof New England is apart) in so much as 300. Sail of ships, from diverse parts, have used to be employed yearly in that trade.  

15. Ships at one time for Codd.  I have seen in one harbour, next Richmond I land 15. Sail of ships at one time, that have taken in them, driyed Cod's for Spain, and the  (and it has been found that the Sailors have made 15.18.20.22. p. share for a common man.  
The Coast aboundeth with such multitudes of Codd, that the inhabitants of New England do dung their grounds with Codd; and it is a commodity better than the golden mines of the Spanish Indieses; for without dried Codd the Spaniard, Portugal, and Italian, would not be able to vittel of a ship for the Sea; and I am sure at the Canaries it is the principal commodity: which place lieth near New England yery convenient, for the vending of this commodity, one hundred of these being at the price of 300. of New found land Cod's, great store of train oil, is maid of the livers of the Codd, 
Oil maid of the livers of the Codd.  and is a commodity that without question will enrich the inhabitants of New England quickly; and is therefore a principal commodity.  
The Basse is an excellent Fish, both fresh and Salt one hundred whereof salted (at a market) have yielded 5. p. 
A 100 Basse sold for 5. p.  They are so large, the head of one will give a good eater a dinner, and for daintiness of diet, they excel the Marybones of Beef. There are such multitudes, that I have seen stopped into the river close adjoining to my house with a sand at one tide, so many as will load a ship of a 100 Tons.  
Other places have greater quantities in so much, as wagers have been laid, that one should not throw a stone in the water, but that he should hit a fish.  
I myself, at the turning of the tide, have seen such multitudes pass out of a pound, that it seemed to me, that one might go over their backs drishod.  
These follow the bait up the rivers, and sometimes are follwed for bait and chased into the bays, and shallow waters, by the grand Pisa: and these may have also a prime place in the Catalogue of Commodities.  
The Mackarels are the bait for the Basse, and these have been chased into the shallow waters, 
Mackerell are bait for Basse.  where so many thousands have shot themselves a shore with the surfe of the Sea▪ that whole hogsheads have been taken upon the Sands; and for length they excel any of other parts: they have been measured 18. and 19 inches in length, and seven in breadth: and are taken with a drayle, (as boats use to pass to and fro at Sea on business) in yery great quantities all along the Coast.  
The Fish is good, salted; for store against the winter, as well as fresh, and to be accounted a good Commodity.  
This Sturgeon in England is regalis piscis. every man in New England may catch what he will, there are multitudes of them, 
Sturgeon.  and they are much fatter than those that are brought into England from other parts, in so much as by reason of their fatness, they do not look white, but yellow, which made a Cook presume they were not so good as them of Roushea: silly fellow that could not understand that it is the nature of fish salted, or pickelled, the fatter the yellower being best to preserve.  
For the taste I have warrant of Ladies of worth, with choice palates for the commendations, who liked the taste so well, that they esteemed it beyond the Sturgeon of other parts, and said they were deceived in the looks: therefore let the Sturgeon pass for a Commodity.  
Of Salmon there is great abundance: and these may be allowed for a Commodity, 
Saimon.  and placed in the Catallogue.  
Of Herrings, 
Herrings.  there is great store, fat, and fair: and (to my mind) as good as any I have seen, and these may be preserved, and made a good commodity at the Canaries.  
Of Eels there is abundance, both in the Salt-waters, and in the fresh: and the fresh water Eel there (if I may take the judgement of a London Fishmonger) is the best that he hath found in his life time. I have with jieele pots found my house hold, 
Great plenty of Eels.  (being nine persons, besides dogs) with them, taking them every tide, (for 4. months space,) and preserving of them for winter store: and these may prove a good commodity.  
Of Smelts there is such abundance, 
Smelts.  that the Savages do take them up in the rivers with baskets, like sives.  

Shadds or Allizes taken to dung ground.  There is a Fish, (by some called shadds, by some allizes) that at the spring of the year, pass up the rivers to spawn in the ponds; and are taken in such multitudes in every river, that hath a pond at the end, that the Inhabitants dung their ground with them. You may see in one towneship a hundred acres together, set with these Fish, every acre taking 1000 of them: and an acre thus dressed will produce and yield so much corn, as 3. acres without fish: and (lest any Virginea man would infer hereupon, that the ground of New England is barren, because they use no fish in setting their corn, I desire them to be remembered, the cause is plain in Virginea) they have it not to set. But this practice is only for the Indian Maize (which must be set by hands) not for English grain: and this is therefore a commodity there.  
There is a large sized fish called halibut, 
Turbut or halibut.  or Turbut: some are taken so big that two men have much a do to hale them into the boat; but there is such plenty, that the fi●her men only eat the heads, and fins, and throw away the bodies: such in Paris would yield 5. or 6. crowns a piece: and this is no discommodity.  
There are excellent Plaice and easily taken. They (at flowing water) do almost come ashore, 
Plaice.  so that one may step but half a foot deep, and prick them up on the sands: and this may pass with some allowance.  
Hake is a dainty white fish, 
Hake.  and excellent victual fresh; and may pass with other commodities, because there are multitudes.  
There are great store of Pilchers: 
Pilchers.  at Michaelmas, in many places, I have seen the Cormorants in length 3. miles feeding upon the Sent.  
Lobsters are there infinite in store in all the parts of the land, 
Lobsters.  and very excellent. The most use that I made of them, in 5. years after I came there was but to bait my Hook for to catch Basse, I had been so cloyed with them the first day I went a shore.  
This being known, they shall pass for a commodity to the inhabitants, for the Savages will meet 500, or 1000 at a place where Lobsters come in with the tide, to eat, and save dried for store, abiding in that place, feasting and sporting a month or 6. weeks together.  
There are great store of Oysters in the entrance of all Rivers: 
Oysters.  they are not round as those of England, but excellent fat, and all good. I have seen an Oyster bank a mile at length.  
Muzzles there are infinite store, 
Muzzles.  I have often gone to Wassaguscus; where were excellent Muzzles to eat (for variety) the fish is so fat and large.  
Claims is a shellfish, 
Claims.  which I have seen sold in Westminster for 12. pe. the score. These our swine feed upon; and of them there is no want, every shore is full, it makes the swine prove exceedingly, they will not fail at low water to be with them. The Savages are much taken with the delight of this fish; and are not cloyed (notwithstanding the plenty) for our swine we find it a good commodity.  
Razor fishes there are. 
Razor fish.   
Freeles there are, Cockles, and Scallopes, 
Freele.  and diverse other sorts of Shellfishe, very good food.  
Now that I have showed you what commodities are there to be had in the Sea, for a Market; I will show what is in the Land also, for the comfort of the inhabitants, wherein it doth abound. And because my task is an abstract, I will discover to them the commodity thereof.  

Fresh fish, Trout, Carp, Breames, Pikes, Roches Perches, Tenches, and Eels,  There are in the rivers, and ponds, very excellent Trout, Carp, Breames, Pikes, Roches, Perches, Tenches, Eels, and other fishes, such as England doth afford, and as good, for variety; yea many of them much better; and the Natives of the inland parts, do buy hooks of us, to catch them with, and I have known the time, that a Trout hook hath yielded a beaver skin, which hath been a good commodity to those that have bartered them away.  
These things I offer to your consideration (courteous Reader) and require you to show me the like in any part of the known world if you can.   

CHAP. VIII. Of the goodness of the Country and the Waters.  
NOw since it is a Country so infinitely blessed with food, 
Food and Fire.  and fire, to roast or boil our Flesh and Fish, why should any man fear for cold there, in a Country warmer in the winter; than some parts of France & nearer the Sun: unless he be one of those that Solomon bids go to the Ant and the Bee.  
There is no boggy ground, known in all the Country, 
No Boggs.  from whence the Sun may exhale unwholesome vapours: But there are diverse arematicall herbs, and plants, 
Perfumed air with sweet herbs.  as Sassafras, Musk Roses, Violets, Balm, Laurel, Hunnisuckles, and the like, that with their vapours perfume the air; and it has been a thing much observed that, ships have come from Virginea where there have been scarce five men able to hale a rope, until they have come within 40. Degrees of latitude, and smell the sweet air of the shore, where they have suddenly recovered.  
And for the water, therein it excelleth Canaan by much; 
Of Waters.  for the Land is so apt for Fountains, a man cannot dig amiss, therefore if the Abraham's and Lots of our times come thither, there needs be no contention for wells.  
Besides there are waters of most excellent virtues, worthy admiration.  

The eure of mellancolly at Ma remount  At Ma-re Mount, there was a water (by me discovered) that is most excellent for the cure of Melancholy probatum.  

The cure of Barrenness.  At weenasemute is a water, the virtue whereof is, to cure barrenness. The place taketh his name of that Fountain which signifieth quick spring, or quickening spring probatum.  

Water procuring a dead sleep.  Near Squantos' Chapel (a place so by us called) is a Fountain, that causeth a dead sleep for 48. hours, to those that drink 24. ounces at a draught, and so proportionably. The Savages that are Powahs at set times use it, 
New Engl. excels Canaan in fountains.  and reveal strange things to the vulgar people by means of it, So that in the delicacy of waters, and the conveniency or them, Canaan came not near this Country.  

Milk and Honey supplied.  As for the Milk and Honey which that Canaan flowed with, it is supplied by the plenty of birds; beasts and Fish, whereof Canaan could not boast her self.  
Yet never thelesse (since the Milk came by the industry of the first Inhabitants,) 
A plain parallel to Canaan.  let the cattles be chereshed that are at this time in New England, and forborn but a little, I will ask no long time, no more, but until the Brethrens have converted one Savage, and made him a good Christian, and I may be bold to say. Butter and cheese will be cheaper there, then ever it was in Canaan. It is cheaper there then in old England at this present, for there are store of Cows; considering the people: which (as my intelligence gives) is 12000. persons, and in god's name let the people have their desire, who writ to their friends, to come out of Sodom, to the land of Canaan, a land that flows with Milk and Hony.  

The Request for the Nomination of New Canaan.  And I appeal to any man of judgement whether it be not a Land, that for her excellent endowments of Nature may pass for a plain parallel to Canaan of Israel, being in a more temporat Climate, this being in 40. Degrees and that in 30.   

Chap. IX. A Perspective to view the Country by.  
AS for the Soil, I may be bold to commend the fertility thereof, and prefer it before the Soil of England, 
The Soil.  (our Native Country) and Ineede not to produce more than one argument for proof thereof, because it is so infallible.  

The growth of Hemp.  Hemp is a thing by Husband men in general agreed upon, to prospero best, in the most fertile Soil: and experience hath taught this rule, that Hempseed prospers so well in New England, that it shewteth up to be ten foot high and ten foot and a half, which is twice so high as the ground in old England produceth it, which argues New England the more fertile of the two.  
As for the air, 
The air.  I will produce but one proof for the maintenance of the excellency thereof; which is so general, as I assure my self it will suffice.  

Not cold cough or murr.  No man living there; was ever known to be troubled with a cold, a cough, or a murr but many men coming sick out of Virginea to New Canaan, have instantly recovered with the help of the purity of that air; no man ever surfeited himself either by eating or drinking.  
As for the plenty of that Land, it is well known, that no part of Asia, Africa, or Europe; 
The plenty of the Land.  affordeth dear that do bring forth any more than one single faun; and in New Canaan the Dear are accustomed to bring forth 2. and 3, fauns at a time.  
Besides there are such infinite flocks of Fowl, and Multitudes of fish both in the fresh waters, and also on the Coast, that the like hath not else where been discovered by any traveller.  
The winds there are not so violent as in England; 
Winds.  which is proved by the trees that grow in the face of the wind by the Sea Coast, for there they do not lean from the wind as they do in England, as we have heard before.  
The Rain is there more moderate than in England, 
Raine.  which thing I have noted in all the time of my residence to be so.  
The Coast is low Land, and not high Land: 
The Coast  and he is of a weak capacity that conceaveth otherwise of it, because it cannot be denied, but that boats may come a ground in all places along the Coast, and especially within the Compass of the Massachusets' patent, where the prospect: is fixed.  
The Harboures are not to be bettered, 
Harboures.  for safety, and goodness of ground, for ancorage, and (which is worthy observation;) shipping will not there be furred, neither are they subject to worms, as in Virginea, and other places.  
Let the Situation also of the Country be considered (together with the rest, 
Situation.  which is discovered in the front of this abstract,) and then I hope no man will hold this land unworthy to be entitled by the name of the second Canaan.  
And since the Separatists, 
The Nomination.  are desirous to have the denomination thereof, I am become an humble Suitor on their behalf for your consents (courteous Readers) to it, before I do show you what Revels they have kept in New Canaan.   

CHAP. X. Of the Great Lake of Erocoise in New England, and the commodities thereof.  
WEstwards from the Massachussets bay (which lieth in 42. Degrees and 30. Minutes of Northern latitude) is situated a very spacious Lake (called of the Natives the Lake of Erocoise) which is fare more excellent, than the Lake of Genezereth in the Country of Palestina, both in respect of the greatness and properties thereof; and likewise of the manifold commodities it yieldeth: the circumference of which Lake is reputed to be 240. miles at the lest: and it is distant from the Massachussets bay 300. miles, or there about's: wherein are very many fair Islands, where innumerable flocks of several sorts of Fowl do breed, 
Fowl innumerable.  Swans, Geese, Ducks, Widgines, Teals, and other water Fowle.  
There are also more abundance of Beavers, Dear, and Turkeys breed about the parts of that lake, then in any place in all the Country of New England; and also such multitudes of fish, (which is a great part of the food, that the Beavers live upon,) 
Multitudes of Fish.  that it is a thing to be admired at: So that about this Lake, is the principallst place for a plantation in all New Canaan, 
The prime place of New Canaan.  both for pleasure and profit.  
Here may very many brave Towns and Cities be erected which may have intercourse one with another by water, very commodiously: and it is of many men of good judgement, accounted the prime seat for the Metropolis of New Canaan, From this Lake Northwards is derived the famous River of Canada, (so named of monsieur de Cane a French Lord, 
Canada, so named of monsieur de Cane.  that first planted a Colony of French in America, there called Nova Francia, from whence Captain Kerke of late, by taking that plantation, brought home in one ship (as a Seaman of his Company, reported in my hearing) 25000. Beaver skins.  
And from this Lake Southwards, trends that goodly River called of the Natives Patomack, 
Patomack.  which dischardgeth herself in the parts of Virginea, from whence it is navigable by shipping of great Burden up to the Falls (which lieth in 41. Degrees, and a half of North latitude:) and from the Lake down to the Falls by a fair current. This River is navigable for vessels of good Burden; and thus much hath often been related by the Natives, and is of late found to be certain.  

Great herds of Beasts as big as Cowes  They have also made description of great herds of well grown beasts, that live about the parts of this Lake, such as the Christian world (until this discovery) hath not been made acquainted with. These beasts are of the bigness of a Cow, their Flesh being very good food, their hides good leather, their fleeces very useful, being a kind of wool, as fine almost as the wool of the Beaver, and the Savages do make garments thereof.  
It is ten years since first the relation of these things came to the ears of the English: at which time we were but slender proficients in the language of the Natives, and they, (which now have attained to more perfection of English, could not then make us rightly apprehended their meaning.  
We supposed, when they spoke of Beasts thereabouts as high as men, they have made report of men all over hairy like Beavers, in so much as we questioned them, whether they eat of the Beavers, to which they replied Matta, (no) saying they were almost Beavers Brothers. This relation at that time we concluded to be fruitless, which since, time hath made more apparent.  
About the parts of this Lake may be made a very great Commodity by the trade of furs, to enrich those that shall plant there; a more complete discovery of those parts: is (to my knowledge) undertaken by Henry joseline Esquire son of Sir Thomas joseline of Kent Knight, by the approbation and appointment of that Heroic and very good Common wealth's man Captain john Mason Esquire, a true foster Father and lover of virtue, 
Henry joseline employed for discovery.  (who at his own charge) hath fitted Master joseline and employed him to that purpose, who no doubt will perform as much as is expected, if the Dutch (by getting into those parts before him, do not frustrate his so hopeful and laudable designs.  
It is well known, they aim at that place, and have a possibility to attain unto the end of their desires therein, by means, if the River of Mohegan, which of the English is named Hudsons River (where the Dutch have settled: to well fortified plantations already. If that River be derived from the Lake as our Country man in his prospect affirms it to be, and if they get and fortify this place also, they will glean away the best of the Beaver both from the French and English, who have hitherto lived wholly by it, and very many old planters have gained good estates out of small beginnings by means thereof.  
And it is well known to some of our Nation that have lived in the Dutch plantation: 
The Dutch have a great trade of Beaver in Hudsons River.  that the Dutch have gained by Beaver 20000. pound a year.  
The Savages make report of 3. great Rivers that issue out or this Lake 2. of which are to us known, the one to be Patomack, the other Canada, and why may not the third be found there likewise, which they describe to trend westward, which is conceived to discharge herself into the South Sea. The Savages affirm that they have seen ships in this Lake with 4. Masts which have taken from thence for their lading earth? that is conjectured to be some mineral stuff.  
There is probability enough for this, and it may well be thought, that so great a confluxe of waters as are there gathered together, must be vented by some great Rivers: 
The passage to the East-indieses.  and that if the third River (which th●● have made mention of) prove to be true as the other two have done: there is no doubt but that the passage to the East India, may be obtained, without any such daingerous and fruitless inquest by the northwest, as hitherto hath been endeavoured: And there is no Traveller of any reasonable capacity, but will grant, that about this Lake, must be innumerable springs, and by that means many fruitful, and pleasant pastures all about it, It hath been observed that the inland part (witness Neepnet) are more pleasant and fertile than the borders of the Sea coast. And the Country about Erocoise is (not without good cause) compared to Delta the most fertile part in all Egypt, 
The Country of Erocois as fertile as Delta in Egypt.  that aboundeth with Rivers and Rivalets derived from Nilus' fruitful channel, like veins from the liver, so in each respect is this famous Lake of Erocoise.  
Ad therefore it would be adjudged an irreparable oversight to protract time, and suffer the Dutch (who are but intruders upon his Majesty's most hopeful Country of New England) to possess themselves of that so pleasant and commodious Country of Erocoise before us: being (as appeareth) the principal part of all New Canaan for plantation, and not elsewhere to be paralleled in all the known world.    

NEW CANAAN'S GENIUS. EPILOGUS.  
THou that art by Fates degree,  
Or Providence ordained to see,  
Nature's wonder, her rich store,  
Ne'er discovered before,  
Th' admired Lake of Erocoise,  
And fertile Borders now rejoice.  
See what multitudes of Fish,  
She presents to fit thy dish,  
If rich furs thou dost adore,  
And of Beaver Fleeces store,  
See the Lake where they abound,  
And what pleasures else are found.  
There chaste Leda free from fire,  
Does enjoy her hearts desire,  
Mongst the flowery banks at ease,  
Live the sporting Najades,  
Big limned Druids whose brows,  
Bewtified with greenebowes,  
See the Nymphs how they do make,  
Fine Meanders from the Lake,  
Twining in and out as they,  
Through the pleasant groves make way,  
Weaving by the shady trees,  
Curious Anastomases,  
Where the harmless Turtles breed,  
And such useful Beasts do feed,  
As no Traveller can tell,  
Else where how to parallel,  
Colcos' golden Fleece reject,  
This deserveth best respect,  
In sweet Paeans let thy voice,  
Sing the praise of Erocoise,  
Paeans to advance her name,  
New Canaan's everlasting fame.   

NEW ENGLISH CANAAN, OR NEW CANAAN.  
The Third Book. Containing a description of the People that are planted there, what remarkable Accidents have happened there, since they were settled, what Tenants they hold, together with the practice of their Church.  

CHAP. I. Of a great League made with the Plymouth Planters after their arrival, by the Sachem of those Territories.  
THe Sachem of the Territories, where the Planters of new England are settled, that are the first of the now Inhabitants of New Canaan, not knowing what they were, or whether they would be freindesor foes, and being desirous to purchase their friendship, that he might have the better Assurance of quiet tradinge with them (which he conceived would be very advantageous to him) was desirous to prepare an Ambassador, 
A Savage sent an Ambassador to the English at their first coming.  with commission to treat on his behalf, to that purpose; and having one that had been in England taken (by a worthless man) out of other parts, and after left there by accident, this Savage he instructed, how to be have himself, in the treaty of peace, and the more, to give him encouragement to adventure his person, amongst these new come inhabitants, which was a thing, he durst not himself attempt, without security or hostage, promised that Savage freedom, who had been detained there as their Captive: which offer he accepted, and accordingly came to the Planters, salutinge them with welcome, in the English phrase, which was of them admired, to hear a Savage there speak in their own language, and used him with great courtesy: to whom he declared the cause of his coming, and contrived the business so, that he brought the Sachem and the English together, between whom was a firm league concluded, which yet continueth. After which league the Sachem being in company with the other whom he had freed, and suffered to live with the English, espijnge a place where a hole had been made in the ground, where was their store of powder laid to be preserved from danger of fire (under ground) demanded of the Savage what the English had hid there under ground, 
The Sachem feared the Plague.  who answered the plague, at which he starteled, because of the great mortality lately happened, by means of the plague, (as it is conceived) and the Savage the more to increase his fear told the Sachem if he should give offence to the English party, they would let out the plague to destroy the all, which kept him in great awe. Not long after being at variance with another Sachem bordering upon his Territories, he came in solemn manner and entreated the governor, that he would let out the plague to destroy the Sachem, and his men who were his enemies, promising that he himself, and all his posterity would be their everlasting friends, so great an opinion he had of the English.   

CHAP. II. Of the entertainment of Mr. Westons people sent to settle a plantation there.  
MAster Thomas weston a Merchant of London that had been at some cost, to further the Brethrens of new Plymouth, in their designs for these parts, shipped a company of Servants, fitted with provision of all sorts; for the undertaking of a Plantation to be settled there, with an intent to follow after them in parson. These servants at first arrived at new Plymouth where they were entertained with court holy bread, 
Court holy bread at Pimmouth.  by the Brethrens, they were made very welcome, in show at lest: there these servants goods were landed, with promises to be assisted in the choice of a convenient place, and still the good cheer went forward, and the strong liquors walked. In the mean time the Brethrens were in consultation, what was best for their advantage singing the song, Frustra sapit, qui sibi non sapit.  
This plantation would hinder the present practice, and future profit, & Master Weston an able man would want for no supplies, upon the return of Beaver, and so might be a plantation that might keep them under, who had a Hope to be the greatest, besides his people were no chosen Separatists, but men made choice of at all adventures, fit to have served for the furtherance of Master Westons undertakinges: and that was as much as he need to care for: ayminge at Beaver principally, for the better effecting of his purpose. Now when the Plymouth men began to find, that Master Westons men's store of provision grew short with feasting, than they hasted them to a place called Wessaguscus, in a weak case, and there left them fasting.   

CHAP. III. Of a Battle fought at the Massachussets, beweene the English and the Indians.  
THe Planters of Plymouth, at their last being in those parts, having defaced the monument of the dead at Pasonayessit (by taking away the hearse Cloth which was two great Bears skins sowed together at full length, and propped up over the grave of Chuatawbacks' mother,) the Sachem of those territories, being enraged at the same, stirred up his men in his bee half, to take revenge: and having gathered his men together, he gins to make an oration in this manner. 
The Sachems' Oration,  When last the glorious light of all the skey was underneath this globe, and Birds grew silent, I began to settle as my (custom is) to take repose; before mine eyes were fast closed, me thought I saw a vision, (at which my) spirit was much troubled, 
A spirit moving the Sachem to War.  & trembling at that doleful sight, a spirit cried aloud (behold my son) whom I have cherished, see the paps that gave thee suck, the hands that lappd thee warm and fed thee often, canst thou forget to take revenge of those vild people, that hath my monument defaced in despiteful manner, disdaining our ancient antiquities, and honourable Customs: See now the Sachems' grave lies like unto the common people, of ignoble race defaced: thy mother doth complain, implores thy aid against this thievish people, new come hither if this be suffered, I shall not rest in quiet within my everlasting habitation. This said, the spirit vanished, and I all in a sweat, not able scarce to speak, began to get some strength, and recollect my spirits that were fled, all which I thought to let you understand, to have your Council, and your aid likewise; this being spoken, strait way arose the grand Captain, and cried aloud come, let us to Arms, it doth concern us all, 
The grand Captain makes a speech.  let us bid them Battle; so to Arms they went, and laid weight for the Plymouth boat, and forceinge them to forsake their landing place, they seek another best for their convenience, thither the Savages repair in hope to have the like success, but all in vain, for the English Captain warily foresaw, 
The main Battle.  (and perceavinge their plot) knew the better how to order his men fit for Battle in that place, he boldly leading his men on, ranged about the field to and fro, and taking his best advantage, let's fly, and makes the Savages give ground, the English followed them fiercely on and made them take trees for their shelter, (as their custom is) from whence their Captain let fly a main, yet no man was hurt, at last lifting up his right arm, to draw a fatal shaft (as he then thought) to end this difference, 
The field won by the English.  received a shot upon his elbow, and strait way fled, by whose example, all the army followed the same way; and yielded up the honour of the day, to the English party; who were such a terror to them after, that the Savages durst never make to a head against them any more.   

CHAP. IU. Of a Parliament held at Wessaguscus, and the Acts.  
MAster Westons Plantation being settled at Wessaguscus, his Servants, 
Some lazy people.  many of them, lazy persons, that would use no endeavour to take the benefit of the Country, some of them fell sick and died.  
One amongst the rest an able bodied man, that ranged the woods, 
A lusty fellow.  to see what it would afford, lighted by accident on an Indian barn, and from thence did take a cap full of corn; the Savage owner of it, finding by the foot some English had been there, came to the Plantation, and made complaint after this manner.  
The chief Commander of the Company one this occasion called a Parliament of all his people but those that were sick, and ill at ease. And wisely now they must consult, upon this huge complaint, that a privy knife, 
A poor complaint. Edward johnson a chief judge. Maid a heinous fact.  or string of beads would well enough have qualified, and Edward johnson was a special judge of this business: the fact was there in repetition, construction made, that it was felony, and by the Laws of England punished with death, and this in execution must be put, for an example, and likewise to appease the Savage, when strait ways one arose, moved as it were with some compassion, and said he could not well gain say the former sentence, yet he had conceived within the compass of his brain an Embryo, that was of special consequence to be delivered, and cherished he said, that it would most aptly serve to pacify the Savages complaint, and save the life of one that might (if need should be) stand them in some good steed, being young and strong, fit for resistance against an enemy, which might come un expected for any thing they knew, The Oration made was liked of every one, and he entreated to proceed to show the means how this may be performed: says he, you all agreed that one must die, and one shall die, 
A fine device  this young man's  we will take of, and put upon one, that is old and impotent, 
A wise Sentence. To hang a sick-man in the others steed,  a sickly person that cannot escape death, such is the disease one him confirmed, that die he must, put the young man's  on this man, and let the sick person be hanged in the others steed: Amen says one, and so says many more.  
And this had like to have proved their final sentence, and being there confirmed by Act of Parliament, to after ages for a Precedent: But that one with a ravenus voice, begun to croak and bellow for revenge, and put by that conclusive motion, alleging such deceits might be a means hereafter to exasperated the minds of the complaininge Savages, 
Very fit justice.  and that by his death, the Savages should see their zeal to justice, and therefore he should die: this was concluded; yet nevertheless a scruple was made; now to countermand this act, did represent itself unto their minds, which was how they should do to get the man's good will: this was indeed a special obstacle: 
A dangerous Attempt.  for without (that they all agreed) it would be dangerous, for any man to attempt the execution of it, jest mischief should befall them every man; he was a person, that in his wrath, did seem to be a second Samson, able to beat out their branes with the jawbone of an Ass: therefore they called the man and by persuasion got him fast bound in jest, 
jestinge turned to earnest.  and then hanged him up hard by in good earnest, who with a weapon, and at liberty, would have put all those wise judges of this Parliament to a pitiful non plus, (as it hath been credibly reported) and made the chief judge of them all buckell to him.   

CHAP. V Of a Massacre made upon the Savages at Wessaguscus.  
AFter the end of that Parliament, some of the plantation there, about three persons went to live with Checatawback & his company, and had very good quarter, for all the former quarrel, 
Good quarter with the Savages.  with the Plymouth planters: they are not like will sommers, to take one for another. There they purposed to stay until Master Westons arrival: but the Plymouth men intending no good to him (as appeared by the consequence) came in the mean time to Wessaguscus, and there pretended to feast the Savages of those parts, 
A plot from Plymouth.  bringing with them Pork, and things for the purpose, which they set before the Savages. They eat thereof without suspicion of any mischief, who were taken upon a watchword given, and with their own knives (hanging about their necks) were by the Plymouth planters stabbed and slain: 
Savages killed with their one weapons.  one of which were hanged up there, after the slaughter.  
It the mean time the Sachem had knowledge of this accident, by one that ran to his Countrymen, 
News carried.  at the Massachussets, and gave them intelligence of the news; after which time the Savages there consulting of the matter, in the night (when the other English fearless of danger were a sleep,) knocked them all in the head, 
A revenge.  in revenge of the death of their Countrymen: but if the Plymouth Planters had really intended good to Master Weston, or those men, why had they not kept the Savages alive in Custody, until they had secured the other English? Who by means of this evil mannaginge of the business lost their lives, and the whole plantation was dissolved thereupon, as was likely for fear of a revenge to follow, as a relatione to this cruel antecedent; and when Master Weston came over; he found things at an evil exigent, by means thereof: But could not tell, how it was brought about:  
The Savages of the Massachussets that could not imagine, from whence these men should come, or to what end, seeing them perform such unexpected actions, neither could tell by what name, properly to distinguish them, did from that time afterwards, call the English Planters Wotawquenange, which in their language signifieth stabbers or Cutthroates, 
The Savages call the English out-throats.  and this name was received by those that came there after for good, being then unacquainted with the signification of it, for many years following, until from a Southerly Indian, that understood English well, I was by demonstration, made to conceive the interpretation of it, and rebucked these other, that it was not forborn: The other calling us by the name of Wotoquansawge, what that doth signify, he said he was not able by any demonstrarion to express; and my neighbours durst no more in my hearing, call us by the name formerly used, for fear of my displeasure.   

CHAP. VI Of the surprizinge of a Merchant's Ship in Plymouth harbour.  
THis Merchant a man of worth, arrivinge in the parts of New Canaan, and finding that his Plantation was dissolved, some of his men slain, 
The Merchant with Supply.  some dead with sickness, and the rest at Plymouth; he was perplexed in his mind about the matter, coming as he did with supply, and means to have razed their fortunes and his one exceedingly and seeing what had happened resolved to make some stay in the Plymouth harbour, and this suited to their purpose, wherefore the Brethrens did congratulate with him at his safe arrival, and their best of entertainment for a swetning cast, deploring the disaster of his Plantation, and glozing upon the text, 
A gloss upon the false text  alleging the mischievous intent of the Savages there, which by friendly intelligence of their neighbours, was discovered before it came to be full summed: so that they lost not all, although they saved not all: and this they pretended, to proceed from the Fountain of love & zeal to him; and Christianity, and to chastise the insolency of the Savages, of which that part had some dangerous persons. And this as an article of the new creed of Canaan, would they have received of every new comer there to inhabit; that the Savages are a dangerous people, subtle, secret, and mischievous, and that it is dangerous to live separated, but rather together, and so be under their Lee, that none might trade for Beaver, but at their pleasure, as none do or shall do there: nay they will not be reduced to any other song yet, of the Savages to the southward of Plymouth, because they would have none come there, saying that he that will sit down there must come strong: but I have found the Massachussets Indian more full of humanity, than the Christians, & have had much better quarter with them; yet I observed not their humours, but they mine, although my great number that I landed were dissolved, and my Company as few as might be: 
Where two nations meet one must rule the other must be ruled or no quietness.  for I know that this falls out infallibly, where two Nations meet, one must rule, the other be ruled, before a peace can be hoped for: and for a Christian to submit to the rule of a Savage you will say, is both shame and dishonour: (at lest) it is my opinion, and my practice was accordingly, and I have the better quarter by the means thereof. The more Savages the better quarter, the more Christians the worse quarter I found, as all the indifferent minded Planters can testify. Now whiles the Merchant was ruminatinge on this mishap, the Plymouth Planters perceivinge that he had furnished himself with excellent Commodities, 
A Machivell plot.  fit for the Merchandise of the Country, (and holding it good to fish in troubled waters, and so get a snatch unseen) practised in secret with some other in the land, whom they thought apt to embrace the benefit of such a cheat, 
The Veil.  and it was concluded and resolved upon, that all this ship and goods should be confiscated, for business done by him, the Lord knows when, or where a letter must be framed to them, and hands unto it, to be there warrant, this should shadow them; That is the first practice they will infane a man, and then pretend that justice must be done: They 'cause the Merchant (secure) to come a shore, and then take him in hold, showing they are compelled unto it legally, and enter straight aboard peruse the Cargazowne, 
Shipp and goods confiscated.  and then deliver up the Charge of her to their Confederates: and how much less this is then Piraty, let any practice in the Admiralty be judge. The Merchant, his ship and goods confiscated, himself a prisoner, and threatened so to be sent and conveyed to England, there to receive the some of all that did belong to him a malefactor (and a great one to) this he good man, endured with patience, long time, until the best of all his goods were quite dispersed, and every actor his proportion, the Merchant was enlarged, 
When every Conspirator had his share the ship delivered again. Bonds taken not to prosecute. Report Mr. Weston was mad in New England.  his ship a burden to the owner now, his undertakinges in these parts being quite overthrown, was redelivered, and bonds of him were taken not to prosecute, he being grieved hereat, betakes him to drive a trade, between that and Virginea many years. The brethren (sharp witted) had it spread by and by amongst his friends in England, that the man was mad. So thought his wife so thought his other friends, that had it from a Planter of the Town. So was it thought of those, that did not know, the Brethrens could dissemble: why thus they are all of them honest men in their particular, 
Honest men in particular.  and every man being bound to seek another's good, shall in the general do the best he can to effect it, and so they may be excused, I think.   

CHAP. VII. Of Thomas Mortons' entertainment at Plymouth and casting away upon an Island.  
THis man arrived in those parts, and hearing news of a Town that was much praised, he was desirous to go thither, and see how things stood, where his entertainment was there best, I dare be bold to say: for although they had but 3. Cows in all, 
Brave entertainment in a wilderness.  yet had they fresh butter and a salad of eggs in dainty wise, a dish not common in a wilderness, there he bestowed some time in the survey of this plantation. His new come servants in the mean time, were ta'en to task, to have their zeal appear, and questioned what preacher was among their company; and finding none, did seem to condole their estate as if undone, because no man amongst them had the gift, 
The means.  to be in jonas stead, nor they the means, to keep them in that path so hard to keep.  
Our Master say they reads the Bible and the word of God, and useth the book of common prayer, but this is not the means; the answer is: the means, they cry: alas poor Souls where is the means, you seem as if betrayed to be without the means: how can you be stayed from falling headlong to perdition? Facilis descensus averni: the book of common prayer said they what poor thing is that, for a man to read in a book? 
Book learning despised  Not, not, good sirs I would you were near us, you might receive comfort by instruction: give me a man hath the gifts of the spirit, not a book in hand. I do profess says one, to live without the means, is dangerous, the Lord doth know.  
By these insinuations, like the Serpent they did creep and wind into the good opinion of the illiterate multitude, that were desirous to be freed and gone (to them no doubdt, which some of them after confessed) and little good was to be done one them after this charm was used, now plots and factions ' how they might get lose, and here was some 35. stout knaves, 
Villainous plots of knaves.  & some plotted how to steal Master Westons barque, others exasperated knavishly to work, would practise how to get their Master to an Island; and there leave him, which he had notice of, and fitted him to try what would be done, and steps aboard his shallop bound for Cape Anne to the Massachussets, with an Hogshead of Wine, Sugar he took along, the Sails hoist up and one of the Conspirators aboard to steer, who in the mid way pretended foul weather at the harbour mouth, and therefore for a time, he would put in to an Island near, and make some stay where he thought to tempt his Master to walk the woods, and so be gone, but their Master to prevent them, 
Prevented by discretion  caused the sales and oars to be brought a shore, to make a tilt if need should be, and kindled fire, broached that Hogshead, and caused them fill the can with lusty liquor, Claret sparklinge neat which was not suffered to grow pale and flat, 
And discovered in drink  but tippled of with quick dexterity, the Master makes a show of keeping round, but with close lips did seem to make long draughts, 
And discovered in drink.  knowing the wine would make them Protestants, and so the plot was then at large disclosed and discovered, & they made drowsy, and the inconstant winds shifting at night did force the kellecke home, 
The Shallop billedged.  and billedge the boat, that they were forced to leave her so, 
Two men of the Company cast away swim to shore upon trees.  and cut down trees that grew by the shore, to make Caffes: two of them went over by help of a fore sail almost a mile to the main the other two stayed five days after, till the winds would serve to fill the sails. The first two went to cape Ann by land, and had fowl enough, and fowl wether by the way, the Islanders had fish enough, shellfish and fire to roast, & they could not perish for lack of food, and wine they had to be sure; and by this you see they were not then in any want; the wine and goods brought thence, the boat left there so billedgd that it was not worth the labour to be mended.   

CHAP. VIII. Of the Banishment of Master john Layford, and john Oldam from Plymouth.  
MAster Layford was at the Merchant's charge sent to Plymouth plantation to be their Pastor: 
A Minister required to renounce his calling.  But the Brethrens, before they would allow of it, would have him first renounce his calling, to the office of the Ministry, received in England, as heretical and Papistical, (so he confessed) and then to receive a new calling from them, after their fantastical invention, which he refused, alleging and maintaining, that his calling as it stood was lawful, and that he would not renounce it; and so john Oldam his opinion was one the affirmative, and both together did maintain the Church of England, to be a true Church, although in some particulars (they said) defective concludinge so against the Tenants there, and by this means canceled their good opinion, amongst the number of the Separatists, that stay they must not, jest they should be spies, & to fall fowl on this occasion, the Brethrens thought it would betray their cause, and make it fall under censure, therefore against Master Layford they had found out some scandal; to be laid on his former corpse of life, to blemish that, and so to conclude he was a spotted beast, and not to be allowed, where they ordained to have the Passover kept so zealously; as for john Oldam, they could see he would be passionate, and moody; and prove himself a mad jack in his mood, and as soon moved to be moody, and this impatience would Minister advantage to them to be rid of him.  

Impatience confuted by example.  Hannibal when he had to do with Fabius, was kept in awe more by the patience of that one enemy, then by the resolution of the whole army: A well tempered enemy is a terrible enemy to encounter. They enjoin him to come to their needless watch house in person, 
New Plymouth press money.  and for refusing give him a cracked Crown for press money, and make the blood run down about his ears, a poor trick, yet a good veil though Luscus may see through it; and for his further behaviour in the Case, proceed to sentence him with banishment, 
The solemnity of banishment.  which was performed after a solemn invention in this manner: A lane of Musketeers was made, and he compelled in scorn to pass along between, & to receive a bob upon the bum by every musketier, and then a board a shallop, and so conveyed to Wessaguscus shore, & stayed at Massachussets, to whom john Layford and some few more did resort, where Master Layford freely executed his office and preached every Lord's day, and yet maintained his wife & children four or five, upon his industry there, with the blessing of God, and the plenty of the Land, without the help of his auditory, in an honest and laudable manner, till he was wearied and made to leave the Country.   

CHAP. IX. Of a barren do of Virginea grown fruithfull in New Canaan.  
CHildren and the fruit of the Womb, are said in holy writ, to be an inheritance that cometh of the Lord; then they must be coupled in God's name first, and not as this and some other have done.  

A great happiness comes by propagation.  They are as arrows in the hand of a Giant; and David, is the man, that hath his quiver full of them, and by that rule, happy is that Land and blessed to that is apt and fit for increase of children.  
I have showed you before in the second part, of the discourse, how apt it is for the increase of Minerals, Vegetables, and sensible Creatures.  
Now I will show you, how apt New Canaan is likewise for the increase of the reasonable Creatures, Children, of all riches being the principal: and I give you this for an instance.  

Moore Children in New Canaan in 7. years, then in Virginea in 27.  This Country of New Canaan in seven year's time could show more Children living, that have been borne there, then in 27 years could be shown in Virginea; yet here are but a handful of women landed, to that of Virginea.  
The Country doth afford such plenty of Lobsters, and other delicate shellfish, and Venus is said to be borne of the Sea, or else it was some salad herb proper to the Climate or the fountain at Weenaseemute made her become teeming here, that had tried a camp royal in other parts, where she had been, & yet never the near, till she came in to New Canaan.  
She was delivered (in a voyage to Virginea) about Bussardes' bay, to west of Cape Cod, 
Delivered near Bussards' bay. Dead and buried.  where she had a Son borne, but died without baptism, and was buried; and being a thing remarkable, had this Epitaph following made of purpose to memorise the worth of the persons.  

EPITAPH:  
TIme that brings all things to light.  
Doth hide this thing out of fight,  
Yet fame hath left behind a story,  
A hopeful race to show the glory:  
For underneath this heap of stones,  
Lieth a parcel of small bones,  
What hope at last can such imps have,  
That from the womb goes to the grave.    

CHAP. X. Of a man endued with many special gifts sent over to be Master of the Ceremonies.  
THis was a man approved of the Brethrens, both for his zeal and gifts, yet but a Bubble, & at the public Charge conveyed to New England, I think to be Master of the Ceremonies, between the Natives, and the Planters: for he applied himself chiefly to pen the language down in Stenography: 
Stenography one gift.  But there for want of use, which he rightly understood not, all was loss of labour, something it was when next it came to view, but what he could not tell.  
This man Master Bubble was in the time of john Oldams absence made the house Chaplain there, and every night he made use of his gifts, 
Oratory another gift.  whose oratory lulled his auditory fast a sleep, as Mercury's pipes did Argus eyes: for when he was in; they said he could not tell how to get out: nay he would hardly out, till he were fired out, his zeal was such: (one fire they say drives out another,) he would become a great Merchant, 
A great Merchant a third gift.  and by any thing that was to be sold so as he might have day and be trusted never so little time: the price it seemed he stood not much upon, but the day: for to his friend he shown commodities so priced, as caused him to blame the buyer, till the man this Bubble did declare, that it was ta'en up at day, and did rejoice in the bargain, insistinge on the day, the day, yea marry quoth his friend if you have doomsday for payment you are then well to pass. But if he had not, it were as good he had, they were paid all alike.  
And now, this Bubbles day is become a common proverb, he obtained house room at Passonagessit, 
His day made a common proverb.  and remooved thither, because it stood convenient, for the Beaver trade, and the rather because the owner of Passonagessit had no Corn left: and this man seemed a big boned man, and therefore thought to be a good labourer, and to have store of corn, but contrary wise he had none at all, and hoped upon this friend his host: thithere were brought the trophies of this Master Bubbles honour: 
Trophies of honour.  his water tankard and his Porter's basket, but no provision, so that one gun did serve to help them both to meat; and now the time for fowl was almost past.  
This man and his host at dinner: Bubble gins to say grace, yea and a long one to, 
His long grace made the meat cold.  till all the meat was cold; he would not give his host leave to say grace, belike he thought mine host past grace, and further learned as many other Scholars are: but in the usage and custom of this blind oratory, his host took himself abused, and the whiles fell to and had half done, before this man Bubble would open his eyes, to see what stood afore him, which made him more cautius, and learned, that brevis oratio penetrat Caelum. Together Bubbles and he goes in the Canaw to Nut Island for brants, and there his host makes a shot & breaks the wings of many, Bubble in haste and single handed, paddels out like a Cow in a cage: his host calls back to row two handed like to a  of oars, and before this could be performed, the fowl had time to swim to other flocks, and so to escape: the best part of the pray being lost, maid his host to mutter at him, and so to part for that time discontended.   

CHAP. XI. Of a Composition made by the Sachem, for a Theft committed by some of his men show their honest meaning.  
THe owner of Passonagessit to have the benefit of company, left his habitation in the Winter and reposed at Wessaguscus, (to his cost) mean time in the Depth of Winter; the neighbour Savages accustomed to buy food, came to the house (for that intent perhaps) & peepinge in all the windows, 
The Savages betake the house & take the Corne.  (than unglased espied corn. But no body to cell the same, and having company and help at hand, did make a shift to get into the house, and take out corn to serve but for the present, left enough behind, the Sachem having knowledge of the fact, and being advertised likewise, of the displeasure that had been conceived, by the Proprieter thereof, at this offence prepares a Messenger, the Savage that had lived in England, and sends him with commission, for the trespass of his men who had ten skins perposed for it, to be paid by a day certain: The Sachem at the time appointed, brings the Beaver to Wessaguscus: where the owner lived, but just then was gone abroad, mean time the skins were by the Wessaguscus men gelded, & the better half by them juggled away: before the owner came, 
A dishonest trick.  and he by the Actors persuaded, to be contended with the rest, who not so pleased did draw the Sachem then to make a new agreement, and so to pay his remnant left in hand, and ten skins more by a new day asigned, and then to bring them to passonagessit, but the wessaguscus men went the day before to the Savages with this saying, that they were sent to call upon him there for payment, and received ten skins, and took a Savage there to justify that at their house; the owner stayed the while, he verified this, because he saw the man, before at Wessaguscus: the Sachem did believe the tale, and at that time delivered up ten skins: On that behalf, in full discharge of all demands, against the trespass, and the trespassers to them, who consented to him, and them, to the owner, and kept view to themselves, 
A consenting trick. The Heathen more just, than the Christians.  and made the Savage take the tenth, and give the owner all that yet was to be had, themselves confessing their demands for him, and that there was but only one as yet prepared, so that by this you may easily perceive the uncivilized people, are more just than the civilised.   

CHAP. XII. Of a voyadge made by the Master of the Ceremonies of New Canaan to Neepenett, from whence he came away, and of the manifold dangers he escaped.  
THis worthy member Master Bubble, a new Master of the Ceremonies, having a conceit inhis head, 
Two Savage guides conduct john, to Neepenett alone.  that he had hatched a new device for the purchase of Beaver, beyond Imagination, packs up a sack full of odd implements, and without any company, but a couple of Indians for guides, (and therefore you may, if you please,) beeleive they are so dangerous as the Brethrens of Plymouth give it out, he betakes him to his progress into the Inland for Beaver, with his carriage on his shoulders like Milo, his guides and he in process of time, come to the place appointed, which was about Neepenett, thereabouts being more Beavers to be had then this Milo could carry: And both his journey men, glad he was good man, and his guides were willing to pleasure him, there the Savages stay: night came on, but before they were inclined to sleep, this good man Master Bubble had an evation crept into his head, by misapplying the Savages actions, that he must needs be gone in all haste, yea and without his errand, he purposed to do it so cunningely that his flight should not be suspected, he leaves his shoes in the house, with all his other implements, and flies, as he was on his way, to increase his fear, suggestinge himself that he was present by a company of Indians, & that there shafts were let fly as thick as hail at him, he puts of his breeches, and puts them one his head, for to save him from the shafts, that flew after him so thick, that no man could perceive them: and crying out avoid Satan, what have ye to do with me, thus running one his way without his breeches, he was pitifully scratched, with the brush of the underwoods', as he wandered up and down in unknown ways: The Savages in the mean time put up all his implements in the sack he left behind, and brought them to Wessaguscus, where they thought to have found him; but understanding he was not returned, were fearful what to do: and what would be conceived of the English was become of this mazed man, the Master of the Ceremonies; and were in consultation of the matter. One of the Savages was of opinion the English would suppose him to be made a way, fearful he was to come in sight. The other better acquainted with the English having lived some time in England,) was more confident, and he persuaded his fellow that the English would be satisfied with relation of the truth, as having had testimony of his fidelity. So they boldly adventured, to show what they had brought, and how the matter stood. 
They take a note of, what was in the sack.  The English (when the sack was opened) did take a note in writing of all the particulars that were in the sack; & heard what was by the Savages related of the accidents: but when his shoes were shown, it was thought he would not have departed without his shoes; and therefore they did conceive that Master Bubble was made away: by some sinister practice of the Savages, who unadvisedly had been culpable of a crime which now they sought to excuse; and straightly charged the Savages to find him out again, and bring him dead, or alive; else their wives and children should be destroyed. 
Mr. Bubble must be found again or else they shall be destroyed,  The poor Savages being in a pitiful perplexity, caused their Countrymen to seek out for this mazed man; who being in short time found, was brought to Wessaguscus; where he made a discourse of his travels, and of the perilous passages: which did seem to be no less dangerous, than these of that worthy Knight Errand, Don Quixote, and how miraculously he had been preserved; and in conclusion, lamented the great loss of his goods, whereby he thought himself undone.  
The particular whereof being demanded, it appeared, that the Savages had not diminished any part of them; 
Not any thing diminished.  not not so much as one bit of bread: the number being known, and the fragments laid together, it appeared all the biscuit was preserved, and not any diminished at all: whereby the Master of the Ceremonies was overjoyed, and the whole Company made themselves merry at his discourse of all his perilous adventures  
And by this you may observe whether the Savage people are not full of humanity, or whether they are a dangerous people as Master Bubble and the rest of his tribe would persuade you.   

CHAP. XIII. Of a lamentable fit of Mellancolly, that the Barrendoe fell into, (after the death of her infant, seeing herfelfe despised of her Sweet hart,) whereof she was cured.  
WHether this goodly creature of incontinency went to work upon even terms like Phillis or no it does not appear by any Indenture of covenants then extant, whereby she might legally challenge the performance of any complete Marriage at his hands, that had been tradeing with her as Demopheon here to fore had been with his ostis.  
Nevertheless (for his future advantage) she endeavoured (like Phillis,) to gain this Demopheon all to herself, who (as it seems) did mean nothing less, by leaving her for the next comer, that had any mind to cool his courage by that means; the whipping post (as it seems) at that time not being in public use, for such kind of Coney katchers, but seeing herself rejected, she grew into such a passion of Mellancolly, on a sudden, that it was thought, she would exhibit a petition for redress to grim Pluto who had set her a work, 
She cannot one the sudden resolve which door to go in att.  and knowing that the house of fate has many entrances, she was puzzled to find the nearest way. She could not resolve on a sudden: which door would soon bring her to his presence handsomely.  
If she should make way with a knife, she thought she might spoil her drinking in after ages, if by poison, she thought it might prolong her passage thither: if by drowning, she thought Charon might come the while with his boat, and waste her out of sight: if she should tie up her complaint in a halter, she thought the Ropmakers would take exceptions against her good speed. And in this manner she debated with herself, and demurred upon the matter: So that she did appear willing enough; but a woman of small resolution.  
Which thing when it was publicly known, made many come to comfort her. One amongst the rest, was by her requested, on her behalf, to writ to her late unkind Demopheon. The Gentleman being merrily disposed, in steed of writing an heroical Epistle, composed this Elegi for a memorial of some mirth upon the Circumstance of the matter, to be sent unto her, as followeth:  

CARMEN ELEGIACUM.  
MElpemene (at whose mischeifous tove,  
The screech owls voice is heard; the mandrakes grove)  
Commands my pen in an jambick vain,  
To tell a dismal tale, that may constrain,  
The hart of him to bleed that shall discern,  
How much this foul amiss does him concern,  
Allecto (grim Aleclo) light thy torch,  
To thy beloved sister next the porch,  
That leads unto the mansion house of fate,  
Whose farewell makes her friend more fortunate.  
A great Squa Sachem can she point to go,  
Before grim Minos, and yet no man know.  
That knives, and halters, ponds, and poisonous things,  
Are always ready when the Devil once brings,  
Such deadly sinners: to a deep remorse,  
Of conscience self accusing that will force,  
Them to despair like wicked Kain, whiles death,  
Stands ready with all these to stop their breath.  
The bear comes by; that often hath baited been,  
By many a Satyres-whelpe unless you can,  
Command your eyes to drop huge millstones forth,  
In lamentation of this loss on earth,  
Of her, of whom, so much praise we may find,  
Go when she will, she'll leave none like behind,  
She was too good for earth, too bad for heaven.  
Why then for hell the match is somewhat even.   
After this, the water of the fountain at Ma-re Mount, was thought fit to be applied unto her for a remedy, she willingly used according to the quality thereof.  
And when this Elegy came to be divulged, she was so conscious of her crime, that she put up her pipes, and with the next ship she packed away to Virginea, (her former habitation) quite cured of her mellancolly with the help of the water of the fountain at Ma-re Mount.   

CHAP. XIV. Of the Revels of New Canaan.  
THe Inhabitants of Pasonagessit (having translated the name of their habitation from that ancient Savage name to Ma-re Mount; and being resolved to have the new name confirmed for a memorial to after ages) did device amongst themselves to have it performed in a solemn manner with Revels, & merriment after the old English custom: 
A Maypole.  prepared to set up a Maypole upon the festival day of Philip and jacob; & therefore brewed a barrel of excellent bear, & provided a case of bottles to be spent, with other good cheer, for all comers of that day. And because they would have it in a complete form, they had prepared a song fitting to the time and present occasion. And upon May-day they brought the Maypole to the place appointed, with drums, guns, pistols, and other fitting instruments, for that purpose; and there erected it with the help of Savages, that came thither of purpose to see the manner of our Revels. A goodly pine tree of 80. foot long, was reared up, with a pear of buckshorns nailed one, somewhat near unto the top of it: where it stood as a fair sea mark for directions; how to find out the way to mine Host of Ma-re Mount.  
And because it should more fully appear to what end it was placed there, they had a poem in readiness made, which was fixed to the Maypole, to show the new name confirmed upon that plantation; which although it were made according to the occurrents of the time, it being Enigmattically composed) puzzled the Separatists most pitifully to expound it, which (for the better information of the reader) I have here inserted.  

THE POEM.  
RIse Oedipeus, and if thou canst unfold,  
What means Charybdis underneath the mould,  
When Scylla solitary on the ground,  
(Sitting in form of Niobe) was found;  
Till Amphitrites Darling did acquaint,  
Grim Neptune with the Tenor of her plaint,  
And caused him sand forth Triton with the sound,  
Of Trumpet loud, at which the Seas were found,  
So full of Protean forms, that the bold shore,  
Presented Scylla a new parramore,  

The man who brought her over was named Samson job.  So strong as Samson and so patiented,  
As Job himself, directed thus, by fate,  
To comfort Scylla so unfortunate.  
I do profosse by Cupid's beauteous mother,  
Here's Scogans choice for Scylla, and none other;  
Though scylla's sick with gretfe because no sign,  
Can there be found of virtue masculine.  
Esculapius come, I know right well,  
His laboure's lost when you may ring her Knell,  
The fatal sister's doom none can withstand,  
Nor Cytharea's power, who points to land,  
With proclamation that the first of May,  
At Ma-re Mount shall be kept holly day.   

The Maypole called an Idol the Calf of Horeb,  The setting up of this Maypole was a lamentable spectacle to the precise separatists: that lived at new Plymouth. They termed it an Idol; yea they called it the Calf of Horeb: and stood at defiance with the place, naming it Mount Dagon; threatening to make it a woeful mount and not a merry mount.  
The Riddle for want of Oedipus, they could not expound, only they made some explication of part of it, and said, it was meant by Samson job, the carpenter of the Ship, that brought over a woman to her husband, that had been there long before: and thrived so well, that he sent for her and her children to come to him; where shortly after he died, having no reason, but because of the sound of those two words: when as (the truth is) the man they applied it to, was altogether unknown to the Author.  
There was likewise a merry song made, which (to make their Revels more fashionable) was sung with a Corus, every man bearing his part; which they performed in a dance, hand in hand about the Maypole, whiles one of the Company sung, and filled out the good liquor like gammedes and jupiter.  

THE SONG.  
Drink and be merry, 
Cor.  merry, merry boys,  
Let all your delight be in Hymen's joys,  
Jô to Hymen now the day is come,  
About the merry Maypole take a Room.  
Make green garlons, bring bottles out;  
And fill sweet Nectar, freely about,  
Uncover thy head, and fear no harm,  
For hers good liquor to keep it warm.  
Than drink and be merry, etc.  
Iô to Hymen, etc.  
Nectar is a thing assigned,  
By the Deities own mind,  
To cure the hart oppressed with grief,  
And of good liquors is the chief,  
Than drink, etc.  
Iô to Hymen, etc.  
Give to the Mellancolly man,  
A cup or two of't now and than;  
This physic ' will soon revive his blood,  
And make him be of a merrier mood.  
Than drink etc.  
Iô to Hymen etc.  
Give to the Nymph that's free from scorn,  
No Irish; stuff nor Scotch over worn,  
Lasses in beaver coats come away,  
Ye shall be welcome to us night and day.  
To drink and be merry etc.  
Jô to Hymen, etc.   
This harmless mirth made by young men (that lived in hope to have wives brought over to them, that would save them a labour to make a voyage to fetch any over) was much distasted, of the precise Separatists: that keep much a do, about the tithe of Muit and Cummin; troubling their brains more than reason would require about things that are indifferent: and from that time sought occasion against my honest Host of Ma-re Mount to overthrew his ondertaking, and to destroy his plantation quite and clean. But because they presumed with their imaginary gifts (which they have out of Phaos' box) they could expound hidden mysteries (to convince them of blindness as well in this, as in other matters of more consequence) I will illustrate the poem, according to the true intent of the authors of these Revels, so much distasted by those Moles.  
Oedipus is generally received for the absolute reader of riddles who is invoaked: Silla and Charybdis are two dangerous places for seamen to encounter, near unto vennice, & have been by poets formerly resembled to man and wife. The like licence the author challenged for a pair of his nomination, the one lamenting for the loss of the other as Niobe for her children. Amphitrite is an arm of the Sea, by which the news was carried up and down, of a rich widow, now to be ta'en up or laid down. By Triton is the fame spread, that caused the Suitors to muster; (as it had been to Penellope of Greece) and the Coast lying circular, all our passage to and fro, is made more convenient by Sea, then Land. Many aimed at this mark; but he that played Proteus best and could comply with her humour must be the man, that would carry her, & he had need have Sampsons' strength to deal with a Dallila: and as much patience as job that should come there, for a thing that I did observe in the life time of the former.  
But marriage and hanging (they say) comes by destiny & Scogans choice 'tis better none at all. He that played Proteus (with the help of Priapus) put their noses out of joint as the Proverb is.  
And this the whole company of the Revelers at Ma-re Mount, knew to be the true sense and exposition of the riddle: that was fixed to the Maypole, which the Separatists were at defiance with? some of them affirmed, that the first institution thereof, was in memory of a whore; not knowing that it was a Trophy erected at first, in honour of Maja, the Lady of learning which they despise; vilifying the two universities with uncivile terms; accounting what is there obtained by study is but unnecessary learning; not considering that learning does enable men's minds to converse with climents of a higher nature than is to be found within the habitation of the Mole.   

CHAP. XV. Of a great Monster supposed to be at Ma-re-Mount; and the preparation made to destroy it.  
THe Separatists envying the prosperity, and hope of the Plantation at Ma-re Mount (which they perceaved began to come forward, and to be in a good way for gain in the Beaver trade) conspired together against mine Host especially, (who was the owner of that Plantation) and made up a party against him; and mustered up what aid they could; accounting of him, as of a great Monster.  
Many threatening speeches were given out both against his person, and his Habitation, which they divulged should be consumed with fire: And taking advantage of the time when his company (which seemed little to regard, their threats) were gone up into the Inlands, to trade with the Savages for Beaver.  
They set upon my honest host at a place, called Wessaguscus, where (by accident) they found him. The inhabitants there were in good hope, of the subvertion of the plantation at Mare Mount, (which they principally aimed at;) and the rather, because mine host was a man that endeavoured to advance the dignity of the Church of England; which they (on the contrary part) would labour to vilify; with uncivile terms: enveying against the sacred book of common prayer, and mine host that used it in a laudable manner amongst his family, as a practice of piety.  
There he would be a means to bring sacks to their mill (such is the thirst after Beaver) and helped the conspiratores to. Surprisee mine host, (who was there all alone) and they charged him, (because they would seem to have some reasonable cause against him (to set a gloss upon their malice) with criminal things which indeed had been done by such a person, but was of their conspiracy; mine host demanded of the conspirators who it was, that was author of that information, that seemed to be their ground for what they now intended. And because they answered, they would not tell him, he as peremptorily replied, that he would not stay, whether he had, or he had not done as they had been informed.  
The answer made no matter (as it seemed) whether it had been negatively, or affirmatively made; for they had resolved what he should suffer, because (as they boasted,) they were now become the greater number: they had shaked of their shackles of servitude, and were become Masters, and masterless people.  
It appears, they were like bear's whelps in former time, when mine host's plantation was of as much strength as theirs, but now (theirs being stronger,) they (like overgrown bears) seemed monstrous. In brief, mine host must endure to be their prisoner, until they could contrive it so, that they might sand him for England, (as they said,) there to suffer according to the merit of the fact, which they intended to father upon him; supposing (belike) it would prove a heinous crime.  
Much rejoicing was made that they had gotten their capital enemy (as they concluded him) whom they purposed to hamper in such sort, that he should not be able to uphold his plantation at Ma-re Mount  
The Conspirators sported themselves at my honest host, that meant them no hurt; & were so joccund that they feasted their bodies, and fell to tippeling, as if they had obtained a great prize; like the Trojans when they had the custody of Hippeus pinetree horse.  
Mine host feigned grief: and could not be persuaded either to eat, or drink, because he knew emptiness would be a means to make him as watchful, as the Geese kept in the Roman Capital: whereon the contrary part, the conspirators would be so drowsy, that he might have an opportunity to give them a slip, in stead of a tester. Six persons of the conspiracy were set to watch him at Wessaguscus: But he kept waking; 
Mine Host got out of prison.  and in the dead of night (one lying on the bed, for further surety,) up gets mine Host, and got to the second door that he was to pass which (notwithstanding the lock) he got open: and shut it after him with such violence, that it affrighted some of the conspirators.  
The word which was given with an alarm, was, oh he's gone, he's gone, what shall we do he's gone? the rest (half a sleep) start up in a maze, and like rames, ran their heads one at another full butt in the dark.  

The Captain tore his clotheses.  Their grand leader Captain Shrimp took on most furiously, and tore his clotheses for anger, to see the empty nest, and their bird gone.  
The rest were eager to have torn their hair from their heads, but it was so short, that it would give them no hold; Now Captain Shrimp thought in the loss of this prize (which he accounted his Master piece,) all his honour would be lost, forever,  

Mine Host got home to ma-re mount  In the mean time mine Host was got home to Ma-re Mount through the woods, eight miles, round about the head of the river Monatoquit, that parted the two Plantations: finding his way by the help of the lightning (for it thundered as he went terribly) and there he prepared powther three pounds dried, for his present imployement, 
He provides for his enemies.  and four good guns for him, and the two assistants left at his house, with bullets of several sizes threehounderd, or thereabouts; to be used if the conspirators should pursue him thither: and these two persons promised their aids in the quarrel, and confirmed that promise with a health in good rosa solis.  
Now Captain Shrimp, the first Captain in the Land (as he supposed,) must do some new act to repair this loss, and to vindicate his reputation, who had sustained blemish, by this oversight. Gins now to study, how to repair or survive his honour in this manner; calling of Council: they conclude.  
He takes eight persons more to him, and (like the nine Worthies of New Canaan) they embark with preparation against Ma-re-Mount, where this Monster of a man (as their phrase was) had his den; the whole number, (had the rest not been from home, being but seven,) would have given Captain Shrimp (a quondam Drummer,) such a welcome, as would have made him wish for a Drum as big as Diogenes' tub, that he might have crept into it out of sight.  
Now the nine Worthies are approached; and mine Host prepared: having intelligence by a Savage, that hastened in love from Wessaguscus, to give him notice of their intent.  
One of mine Hosts men proved a craven: the other had proved his wits to purchase a little valour, before mine Host, had observed his posture.  
The nine worthies coming before the Den of this supposed Monster, (this seven headed hydra, as they termed him,) and began like Don Quixote against the Windmill to beat a party, 
A Parley.  and to offer quarter (if mine Host would yield) for they resolved to sand him for England, and bade him lay by his arms.  
But he (who was the Son of a Soldier) having taken up arms in his just defence, replied, that he would not lay by those arms, because they were so needful at Sea, if he should be sent over. Yet (to save the effusion of so much worty blood, as would have issued, out of the veins of these 9 worthies of New Canaan, if mine Host should have played upon them out at his port holes (for they came within danger like a flock of wild geese, as if they had been tailed one to another, as coults to be sold at a fair) mine Host was content to yield upon quarter; and did capitulate with them: in what manner it should be for more certainty, because he knew what Captain Shrimp was.  

Captain Shrimp promiseth, that no violence should be offered to his person.  He expressed, that no violence should be offered to his person, none to his goods, nor any of his Howsehold: but that he should have his arms, and what else was requisite for the voyage, (which their Herald retornes,) it was agreed upon, and should be performed.  
But mine Host no sooner had set open the door and issued out: but instantly Captain Shrimp, and the rest of the worties stepped to him, laid hold of his arms; and had him down, and so eagerly was every man 〈…〉 (not regarding any agreement made with such a carnal man,) that they fell upon him, as if they would have eaten him: some of them were so violent, that they would have a slice with scabbard and all for haste, until an old Soldier (of the Queens as the Proverb is) that was there by accident, clapped his gun under the weapons, and sharply rebuked these worthies for their unworthy practices. 
The Worthies rebuked for their unworthy practices.  So the matter was taken into more deliberate consideration.  
Captain Shrimp and the rest of the nine worthies, made themselves (by this outrageous riot) Masters of mine Host of Ma-re Mount, and disposed of what he had at his plantation.  
This they knew (in the eye of the Savages) would add to their glory; and diminish the reputation of mine honest Host, whom they practised to be rid of, upon any terms, as willingly as if he had been the very Hydra of the time.   

CHAP. XVI. How the 9 worthies put mine Host of Ma-re-Mount into the enchanted, Castle at Plimmouthy, and terrified him with the Monster Briareus.  
THe nine Worthies of New Canaan having now the Law in their own hands (there being no general Governor in the Land: nor none 〈…〉 ●●peration that regarded, the duty they own their Sovereign, whose natural borne Subjects they were: though translated out of Holland: from whence they had learned to work all to their own ends, and make a great show of Religion, but no humanity, for they were now to sit in Counsel on the cause.  
And much it stood mine honest Host upon, to be very circumspect, and to take Aeacus to task: for that his voice was more allowed of, then both the other: and had not mine Host confounded all the arguments that Aeacus could make in their defence: and confuted him that swayed the rest, they would have made him unable to drink in such manner of merriment any more. So that following this private counsel, given him by one that knew who ruled the roast, the Hiracano ceased that else would split his pinnace.  
A conclusion was made, and sentence given, that mine Host should be sent to England a prisoner. But when he was brought to the ships for that purpose, no man durst be so fool hardy as to undertake to carry him. So these Worthies set mine Host upon an Island, without gun, powther, or shot, or dog, or so much as knife, 
Mine Host set upon an Island without any thing to shifted for himself.  to get any thing to feed upon: or any other  to shelter him with at winter, than a thin suit which he had one at that time. Home he could not get to Ma-re-Mount upon this Island. He stayed a month at lest, and was relieved by Savages that took notice that mine Host was a Sachem of Passonagessit, and would bring bottles of strong liquor to him, and unite themselves into a league of brother hood with mine Host; so full of humanity are these infidels before those Christians.  
From this place for England, sailed mine Host in a Plymouth ship, (that came into the Land to fish upon the Coast,) that landed him safe in England at Plymouth, and he stayed in England until the ordinary time for shipping to set forth for these parts; and then returned: No man being able to tax him of any thing.  
But the Worthies (in the mean time) hoped they had been rid of him.   

CHAP. XVII. Of the Baccanall Triumph of the nine worthies of New Canaan.  
THe Separatists were not so contended, (when mine Host of Ma-re-Mount was gone) but they were as much discontended when he was returned again: and the rather, because their passages about him, and the business, were so much derided; and in songs exemplified: which (for better satisfaction of such as are in that kind affected) I have set forth as it was then in use by the name of the Baccanall Triumph, as followeth:  

THE POEM.  

Master Ben: johnson.  I sing th' adventures of mine worthy wights,  
And pity it is I cannot call them Knights,  
Since they had brawn and brain and were right able,  
To be installed of prince Arthures table,  
Yet all of them were Squires of low degree,  
As did appear by rules of heraldry,  
The Magis told of a prodigious birth,  
That shortly should be found upon the earth,  
By Archimedes art, which they misconstrue  
Unto their Land would prove a hideous monster,  
Seven heads it had, and twice so many feet,  
Arguing the body to be wondrous great,  
Besides a forked tail heaved up on high,  
As if it threatened battle to the sky,  
The Rumour of this fearful prodigy,  
Did cause th' effeminate multitude to cry,  
For want of great Alcides' aid and stood,  
Like People that have seent Medusa's head,  
Great was the grief of hart, great was the moan;  
And great the fear conceived by every one,  
Of Hydra's hideous form and dreadful power,  
Doubting in time this Monster would devour,  
All their best flocks whose dainty wool consorts,  
Itself with Scarlet in all Prince's Courts,  
Not jason nor the adventurous youths of Greece,  
Did bring from Colcos' any richer Fleece,  
In Emulation of the Grecian force,  
These Worthies nine prepared a wooden horse,  
And pricked with pride of like success divise,  
How they may purchase glory by this prize,  
And if they give to Hidra's head the fall,  
It will remain a plat form unto all,  
Their brave atchivements, and in time to come,  
Per fas aut nefas they'll erect a throne.  
Cloubs are turned trumps: so now the lot is cast,  
With fire and sword, to Hidra's den they haste,  
Mars in th' assendant, sol in Cancer now,  
And Lerna Lake to Pluto's court must bow,  
What though they rebuked by thundering love,  
'tis neither Gods nor men that can remove,  
Their minds from making this a dismal day,  
These nine will now be actors in this play,  
And Sum on Hydra to appear a non,  
Before their witless Combination,  
But his undaunted spirit nursed with meat,  
Such as the Cecrops gave their babes to eat,  
Scorned their base accons, for with Cecrops charm,  
He knew he could defend himself from harm,  
Of Minos, Aeacus, and Radamand,  
Princes of Limbo who must out of hand,  
Consult bout Hydra what must now be done,  
Who having sat in Counsel one by one,  
Return this answer to the Stiggean fiends,  
And first grim Minos spoke: most loving friends,  
Hydra prognostics ruin to our state,  
And that our Kingdom will grow desolate,  
But if one head from thence be ta'en away,  
The Body and the members will decay,  
To take in hand, what Aeacus this task,  
Is such us harebrained Phaeton did ask,  
Of Phoebus to begird the world about,  
Which granted put the Netherlands to rout,  
Presumptions fools learn wit at too much cost,  
For life and labour both at once he lost,  
Stern Radamantus being last to speak,  
Made a great hum and thus did silence break,  
What if with rattling chains or Iron bands,  
Hydra be bound either by feet or hands,  
And after being lashd with smarting rodds,  
He be conveyed by Styx unto the gods,  
To be accused on the upper ground,  
Of Lesae Majestatis his crime found,  
'Twill be impossible from thence I trow,  
Hydra shall come to trouble us below,  
This sentence pleased the friends exceedingly,  
That up they tossed their bonnets and did cry,  
Long live our Court in great prosperity.  
The Sessions ended some did strait device;  
Court Revels antiques and a world of joys,  
Brave Christmas gambols, there was open hall,  
Kept to the full: and sport the Devil and all,  
Labours despised the looms are laid a way,  
And this proclaimed the, Stigean Holli day,  
In came grim Minos with his motley beard,  
And brought a distillation well prepared,  
And Aeacus who is as sure as text,  
Came in with his preparatives the next,  
Than Radamantus last and principal,  
Feasted the Worthies in his sumptuous hall,  
There Charon Cerberous and the rout of fiends,  
Had lap enough and so their pastims ends.   

THE ILLUSTRATIONS.  
NOw to illustrate this Poem, and make the sense more plain, it is to be considered that the Persons at Ma-re-Mount were seven, and they had seven heads and 14. feet, these were accounted Hydra with the seven heads; and the Maypole with the Horns nailed near the top, was the forked tail of this supposed Monster, which they (for want of skill) imposed: yet feared in time (if they hindered not mine Host) he would hinder the benefit of their Beaver trade, as he had done (by means of this help) in Kyny back river finely, ere they were a wares; who coming too late, were much dismayed to find that mine Host his boat had gleaned away all before they came; which Beaver is a fit companion for Scarlett: and I believe that jasons' golden Fleece was either the same, or some other Fleece not of so much value.  
This action bred a kind of hart burning in the Plymouth Planters who after, sought occasion against mine Host to overthrow his undertake, and to destroy his Plantation, whom they accounted a main enemy to their Church and State.  
Now when they had begun with him, they thought best to proceed: for as much as they thought themselves fare enough from any control of justice; and therefore resolved to be their own carvers: (and the father, because they presumed upon some encouragement they had from the favourites of their Sect in England:) and with fire and sword nine in number pursued mine Host; who had escaped their hand sin scorn of what they intended, and betook him to his habitation in a night of great thunder and lightning, when they durst not follow him, as hardy, as these nine worthies seemed to be.  
It was in the Month of june, that these Martialists had appointed to go about this mischeifous project, and deal so crabbidly with mine Host.  
After a parley, he capitulated with them about the quarter, they proffered him, if he would consent to go for England, there to answer (as they pretended) some thing they could object against him principal to the general: But what it would be he cared not, neither was it any thing material.  
Yet when quarter was agreed upon, they contrary wise, abused him, and carried him to their town of Plymouth, where (if they had thought he durst have gone to England) rather than they would have been any more affronted by him, they would have dispatched him, as Captain Shrimp in a rage, professed that he would do with his Pistol as mine Host should set his foot into the boat. Howsoever the chief Elders voice in that place was more powerful than any of the rest; who concluded to sand mine Host without any other thing to be done to him. And this being the final agreement, (contrary to Shrimp and others,) the nine Worthies had a great Feast made, and the furmity po t was provided, for the boats gang by no allowance: and all manner of pastime.  
Captain Shrimp was so overjoyed in the performance of this exploit; that they had, at that time, extraordinary merriment; a thing not usual amongst those presisians) and when the wind served, they took mine Host into their Shallop; hoist Sail, and carried him to the Northern parts; where they left him upon a Island.    

CHAP. XVIII. Of a Doctor made at a Commencement in New Canaan.  
THe Church of Plymouth having due regard to the weal public, and the Brethrens, that were to come over; and knowing that they would be busily employed to make provision for the cure of Souls, and therefore might neglect the body for that time: did hold themselves to be in duty bound, to make search for a fitting man that might be able, (if so need required) to take the charge upon him in that place of employment: 
A Council called.  and therefore called a Counfell of the whole Synagoge: amongst which company they chose out a man, that long time had been nursed up in the tender bosom of the Church: one that had special gifts: he could wright and read, nay more: he had ta'en the oath of abjuration, which is a special step, yea and a main degree unto perferment, Him they wean: and out of Phaos' box fit him with special gifts of no less worth: they style him Doctor and forth they sand him to gain imployement and opinion.  
What luck is it I cannot hit on his name: but I will give you him by a periphrasis, that you may know him when you meet him next.  
He was borne at Wrington in the County of Somerset, where he was bred a Butcher. He wears a long beard, and a Garment like the Greek that begged in Paul's Church. This new made Doctor comes to Salem to congratulate: where he finds some are newly come from Sea, and ill at ease.  
He takes the patiented, and the urinal: vies the State there: finds the Crasis Syptomes, and the attomis natantes: and tells the patiented that his disease was wind, which he had ta'en by gapeing, feasting, over board at Sea, but he would quickly ease him of that grief, and quite expel the wind. And this he did perform, with his gifts he had: and then he handled the patiented so handsomely, that he eased him of all the wind, he had in an instant.  
And yet I hope this man may be forgiven, if he were made a fitting Plant for Heaven.  
How he went to work with his gifts is a question: yet he did a great cure for Captain Littleworth, he cured him of a disease called a wife: and yet I hope this man may be forgiven, if she were made a fitting plant for heaven.  
By this means he was allowed 4. p. a month, and the chirgeons' chest, and made Physician general of Salem: where he exercised his gifts so well, that of full 42. that there he took to cure, there is not one has more cause to complain, or can say black's his eye. This saved Captain Littleworths credit, that had trucked away the victuals: though it brought forth a scandal on the Country by it, and then I hope this man may be forgiven, if they were all made fitting plants for Heaven.  
But in mine opinion, he deserves to be set upon a palfrey, and lead up and down in triumph throw new Canaan, with a collar of jurdans about his neck, as was one of like desert in Richard the seconds time through the streets of London, that men might know where to find a Quacksalver.   

CHAP. XIX. Of the silencing of a Minister in new Canaan.  
A silenced Minister out of courteousness, came over into new Canaan to play the spy: He pretended out of a zealous intent to do the Savages good, and to teach them. He brought a great Bundle of Horn books with him, and careful he was (good man) to blot out all the crosses of them, for fear lest the people of the land should become Idolaters. He was in hope, with his gifts, to prepare a great auditory against great josua should arrive there.  
He applied himself on the week days to the trade of Beaver, but it was (as might seem) to purchase the principal benefit of the Land, when the time should come; for he had a hope to be the Caiphas of the Country: and well he might, for he was higher by the head than any of his tribe that came after him.  
This man, it seems, played the spievery handsomely, For in the exercise of his gifts on the Lord's day at Weenasimute, 
This Caiphas that condemneth Covetousness, and committeth it himself.  he espied a Savage come in with a good Beaver coat, and took occasion to reproove the covetous desire of his auditory to trade for Beaver on those days; which made them all use so much modesty about the matter for the present, that he found opportunity, the same day, to take the Savage a side into a corner, where (with the help of his Wampampeack, he had in his pocket for that purpose in a readiness,) he made a shift to get that Beaver coat, which their mouths watered at; and so deceived them all.  
But shortly after, when josua came into the Land, he had soon spied out Caiphas practise; and put him to silence; and either he must put up his pipes, and be packing or forsake jonas posture, and play Demas part altogether.   

CHAP. XX. Of the Practice of the Separatists to get a snare to hamper mine Host of Ma-re-Mount.  
ALthough the nine Worthies had left mine Host upon an Island, in such an inhuman manner, as ye heard before; yet when they understood that he had got shipping, and was gone to England of his own accord, they dispatched letters of advice to an Agent they had there: and by the next ship sent after, to have a snare made, that might hamper mine Host so, as he might not any more trouble their conscience: and to that end, 
The general collection made.  made a general collection of Beaver to defray the charge, and he was not thought a good Christian that would not lay much out, for that employment.  
Some contributed three pounds; some four, some five pounds, and procured a pretty quantity by that Devise, which should be given to a cunning man, that could make a snare to hamper him.  
The Agent (according to his directions,) does his endeavoure (in the best manner he could) to have this instrument made: and used vo little diligence to have it effected. 
No cost spared for the getting of a skilful man  His reputation stood upon the task imposed upon him against mine Host, the only enemy (accounted) of their Church, and State.  
Much inquiry was made in London, and about, for a skilful man that would work the feat. No cost was spared, for gold he had good store, first he inquires of one: and then another: at the last he heard news of a very famous man, one that was excellent at making subtle instruments such as that age had never been acquainted with.  
He was well known to be the man, that had wit and wondrous skill, to make a cunning instrument, where with to save himself, and his whole family: if all the world beside should be drowned; and this the best, yea and the best cheap too; for no good done, the man would nothing take.  
To him this agent goes, and prays his aid: Declares his cause, & tells the substance of his grievance, all at large, and laid before his eyes a heap of gold.  

The heap of gold.  When all was showed, that could be she'd, and said what could be said, & all too little for to have it done; the agent than did see his gold refused, his cause despised & thought himself disgraced, to leave the work undone: so that he was much dismayed, yet importuned the cunning, who found no reason to take the task in hand.  
He thought perhaps, mine Host (that had the slight to escape from the nine Worthies, to chain Argus eyes, and by enchantment make the doors of the watch tower fly open at an instant) would not be hampered; but with much a do: and so he was unwilling to be troubled with that task.  
The agent wondering to see that his gold would do no good, did ask, the cunning man if he could give him no advice? who said, he would: and what was that think you? To let mine Host alone, who being shipped again for the parts of New Canaan, was put in at Plymouth in the very faces of them, 
Mine Host a rived again in Plymouth.  to their terrible amazement to see him at liberty, and told him he had not yet fully answered the matter, they could object against him. He only made this modest reply, that he did perceive they were wilful people, that would never be answered; and derided them for their practices, and loss of labour.   

CHAP. XXI. Of Captain Littleworth his new devise, for the purchase of Beaver.  
IN the mean time, whiles these former passages were: There was a great swelling fellow, of Littleworth, crept over to Salem (by the help of Master Charter party the treasurer, 
Charter party Treasurer.  and Master Ananias increase the Collector for the Company of Separatists,) to take upon him their employments for a time.  
He resolving to make hay, whiles the Son did shine, first pretended himself to be sent over as chief justice of the Massachussets Bay, and Salem forsooth, and took unto him a counsel & a worthy one not doubt; For the Cow keeper of Salem, was a prime man in those employments; and to add a Majesty (as he thought) to his new assumed dignity, he caused the Patent of the Massachussets (new brought into the Land) to be carried where he went in his progress to and fro, as an emblem of his authority: which the vulgar people not acquainted with, thought it to be some instrument of Music locked up in that covered case, and thought (for so some said) this man of litttleworth had been a fiddler, and the rather, because he had put into the mouths of poor silly things that were sent a long with him, what skill he had in Engines and in things of acquaint devise: all which proved in conclusion to be but impostury.  

Warrants made by Capt. Littleworth in his name.  This man thinking none so worthy as himself, took upon him infinitely: and made warrants in his own name (without relation to his Majesty's authority in that place,) and summoned a general appearance, at the worshipful town of Salem: there in open assembly was tendered certain Articles, devised between him and their new Pastor Master Eager (that had renounced his old calling to the Ministry received in England, by warrant of God's word: and taken a new one there by their fantastical way imposed and conferred upon him with some special gifts had out of Phaos' box.)  
To these Articles every Planter, old, and new, must sign: or be expelled from any manner of abode within the Compass of the Land contained within that grant then showed: which was so large, it would suffice for Elbow room, for more than were in all the Land by 700000. such an army might have planted them a Colony with that cirquit which he challenged. and not contend for room for their Cattles. But for all that, he that should refuse to subscribe, must pack.  
The tenor of the Articles were these: That in all causes, as we Ecclesiastical, as Political, we should follow the rule of God's word.  
This made a show of a good intent, and all the assembly (only mine Host replied) did subscribe: 
Mine Host subscribed not.  he would not unless they would add this Caution: So as nothing be done contrary, or repugnant to the Laws of the Kingdom of England. These words he knew, by former experience, were necessary, and without these, the same would prove a very mousetrapp to catch some body by his own consent, (which the rest nothing suspected) for the construction of the word would be made by them of the Separation, to serve their own turns: and if any man should, in such a case be accused of a crime (though in itself it were petty) they might set it on the tenter hooks of their imaginary gifts, and stretch it, to make it seem capital; which was the reason why mine Host refused to subscribe.  
It was then agreed upon, that there should be one general trade used within that Patent (as he said) and a general stock: 
The Patent.  and every man to put in a part: and every man, for his person, to have shares alike: and for their stock according to the ratable proportion with in: and this to continued for 12. months: and then to call an account.  
All were united but mine Host refused: two truckmasters were chosen; wages prefixed; 
All consented but mine Host.  Host put in a Caviat, that the wages might be paid out of the clear profit, which there in black and white was plainly put down.  
But before the end of 6. months, the partners in this stock (handled by the Truckmasters) would have an account: some of them had perceaved that Wampambeacke could be pocketed up, and the underlings (that went in the boats along) would be near the Wiser for any thing, but what was trucked for Beaver only.  
The account being made between Captain Littleworth, 
Instead of profit, disproffit.  and the two Truckmasters; it was found, that instead of increasing the profit, they had decreased it; for the principal stock, by this employment, was freetted so, that there was a great hole to be seen in the very middle of it which cost the partners afterwards one hundred marks to stop, and make good to Captain Littleworth.  
But mine Host that stirred not his foot at all for the matter, did not only save his stock from such a Cancar, but gained six and seven for one: in the mean time, he derided the Contributers for being catched in that snare.   

] CHAP. XXII. Of a Sequestration made in New Canaan.  
Captain Littleworth (that had an aching tooth at at mine Host of Ma-re-Mount,) devised how he might put a trick upon him, by colour of a Sequestration, and got some persons to pretend that he had corn, and other goods of theirs in possession; and the rather, because mine Host had store of corn; and he had improvidently trucked his store, for the present gain of Beaver: in somuch, that his people under his charge were put to short allowance; which caused some of them to sicken with conceit of such useage: and some of them (by the practice of the new entertained Doctor Noddy, with his Imaginary gifts: They sent therefore to exhibit a petition to grim Minos, Aeacus, and Radamant: where they wished to have the author of their grief to be converted: and they had procured it quickly: if curses would have caused it: for good prayers would be of no validity (as they supposed) in this extremity.  
Now in this extremity Capt. Littleworth gave commission to such as he had found ready for such employments, to enter in the house at Ma-re-Mount, 
Commission for corn.  and with a shallop, to bring from thence such corn, and other utensilles, as in their commission he had specified. But mine Host, wary to prevent eminent mischief, had conveyed his powther, and shot (and such other things as stood him in most steed for his present condition) into the woods for safety: & whiles this was put in practice by him, the shallop was landed, and the Commissioners entered the house; and wilfully bend against mine honest Host, that loved good hospitality. 
Mine Hosts corn & goods carried away by violence.  After they had feasted their bodies with that they found there, they carried all his corn away, with some other of his goods, contrary to the Laws of hospitality: a small parcel of refuse corn only excepted, which they left mine Host to keep Christmas with.  
But when they were gone, mine Host, fell to make use of his gun, (as one that had a good faculty in the use of that instrument) and feasted his body nevertheless with fowl, and venison, which he purchased with the help of that instrument: the plenty of the Country, and the commodiousness of the place affording means by the blessing of God; and he did but deride Captain Littleworth, that made his servants snap short in a Country so much abounding with plenty of food for an industrious man, with great variety.   

CHAP. XXIII. Of a great Bonfire made for joy of the arrival of great josua surnamed Temperwell into the Land of Canaan.  
Seven ships set forth at once, and altogether arrived in the Land of Canaan, to take a full possession thereof: What are all the 12. Tribes of new Israel come: Not, none but the tribe of Issacar; and some few scattered Levites of the remnant of those that were descended of old Elies' house.  
And here comes their josua too among them: and they make it a more miraculous thing for these seven ships to set forth together, and arrive at New Canaan together, than it was for the Israelites to go over jordan drishod: perhaps it was, because they had a wall on the right hand and a wall on the left hand.  
These Separatists suppose there was no more difficulty in the matter, then for a man to find the way to the Counter at noonedayes, between a Sergeant and his yeoman: Now you may think mine Host will be hampered or never.  
These are the men that come prepared to rid the Land, of all pollution. These are more subtle, 
Men that come to rid the land of pollution.  than the Cunning, that did refuse a goodly heap of gold. These men have brought a very snare indeed; and now mine Host must suffer. The book of Common Prayer which he used to be despised: and he must not be spared.  
Now they are come, his doom before hand was concluded on: they have a warrant now: A chief one too; and now mine Host must know he is the subject of their hatred: the Snare must now be used; this instrument must not be brought by josua in vain.  
A Court is called of purpose for mine host; he there convented: and must hear his doom, 
A Court called about mine Host.  before he go: nor will they admit him to capitulate, and know wherefore they are so violent to put such things in practice against a man they never saw before: nor will they allow of it, though he decline their jurisdiction.  
There they all with one assent put him to silence, crying out, hear the Governor, hear the Governor: 
A devilish sentence against him.  who gave this sentence against mine Host at first sight: that he should be first put in the Billbowes, his goods should be all confiscated; his Plantation should be burned down to the ground, because the habitation of the wicked should no more appear in Israel; and his person banished from those territories, and this put in execution with all speed.  
The harmless Savages (his neighbours) came the while, 
The Savages reproove them.  grieved poor silly lambs: to see what they went about; and did reproove these Eliphants of wit, for their inhuman deed the Lord above did opon their mouths like Balams Ass, & made them speak in his behalf sentences, of unexpected divinity, besides morrallity; and told them, that god would not love them, that burned this good man's house: and plainly said, that they who were new come would find the want of such a houses in the winter; so much themselves to him confessed.  
The smoke that did assend appeared to be the very Sacrifice of Kain. 
Epictetus' summa totius Philosophioe.  Mine Host (that a fare of aboard a ship did there behold this woeful spectacle,) knew not what he should do, in this extremity; but bear and forbear, as Epictetus says: it was bootless to exclaim.  
He did consider then, these transitory things are but ludibria fortunae as Cicero calls them. All was burnt down to the ground, and nothing did remain, but the bore ashes as an emblem of their cruelty: and unless it could (like to the Phoenix) rise out of these ashes, and be new again, (to the immortal glory and renown, of this fertile Canaan the new, the stumps and posts in their black liveries will mourn; and piety itself will add a voice to the bore remnant of that Monument, and make it cry for recompense (or else revenge) against the Sect of cruel Schismatics.   

CHAP. XXIV. Of the digrading and creating gentry in New Canaan.  
THere was a zealous Professor in the Land of Canaan (grown a great Merchant in the Beaver trade) that came over for his conscience sake, (as other men have done) and the means: (as the phrase is) who in his minority had been apprentice to a tomb maker; who coming to more ripeness of years (though less discretion,) found a kind of scruple in his conscience, that the trade was in part against the second commandment: and therefore left it off wholly, and betook himself to some other employments.  
In the end he settled upon this course: where he had hope of preferment, and become one of those things that any judas might hang himself upon, 
An Elder.  that is an Elder.  
He had been a man of some recconing in his time (as himself would boast) for he was an officer, just under the ExChequer at Westminster, in a place called Phlegeton: there he was controller, and conversed with no plebeians I tell you: but such as have angels for their attendance, (I mean some Lawyers, with appertenances (that is Clarks,) with whom a jugg of Bear, and a crusty roll in the term, is as currant as a three penny scute at Hall time.  
There is another place, thereby called sticks: these are to two daingerous places, by which the infernal gods do swear: but this of Sticks is the more daingerous of the two, because there, (if a man be once in) he cannot tell how to get out again handsomely.  
I knew an under sheriff was in unawaires, and he laboured to be free of it: yet he broke his back before he got so fare as quietus est: There is no such danger in Phlegeton, where this man of so much recconing was controller.  
He being here, waited an opportunity to be made a gentl. and, 
josua displeased.  now it fell out that a gentl. newly come into the land of Canaan (before he knew what ground he stood upon) had incurred the displeasure of great josua so highly, that he must therefore be digraded.  
No reconciliation could be had for him: all hopes were passed for that matter: Where upon this man of much recconing (pretending a grant of the approach in avoidance) helps the lame dog over the style; and was as jocund on the matter as a Magpie over a Mutton.  
Wherhfore the Heralls with Drums, and Trumpets, proclaiming in a very solemn manner, that it was the pleasure of great josua (for diverse and sundry very good causes and considerations, 
Master Temperwell.  Master Temperwell there unto especially moving) to take away the title, prerogative and pre-eminence of the Delinquent, so unworthy of it, and to place the same upon a Professor of more recconing: so that it was made a penal thing for any man after, to lift the same man again on the top of that style: but that he should stand perpetually digraded from that prerogative. And the place by this means being void, this man of so much more reckoning, was received in like a cipher to fillip a room, and was made a Gentleman of the first head; and his Coat of Arms blazoned and tricked out fit for that purpose, in this Poem following.  

THE POEM.  
WHat ails Pygmalion? Is it Lunacy;  
Or Doteage on his own Imagery?  
Let him remember how he came from Hell,  
That after ages by record may tell,  
The complete story to postertty;  

Put it this way.  Blazon his Coat in form of Heraldry.  
He beareth argent always at command;  
A bar between three crusty rolls at hand:  
And for his crest with froth there does appear,  
Dextra Paw Elevant a jugg of bear.   
Now that it may the more easily be understood, I have here endeavoured to set it forth in these illustrations following Pygmalion was an Image maker, who doting on his own perfection in making the Image of Venus, grew to be amazed man, like our Gentleman here of the first head: and by the figure Antonomasia is he herein exemplified.  
He was translated from a tomb maker, to be the tapster at hell (which is in Westminster under the ExChequer office (for benefit of the means) he translated himself into New England: whereby the help of Beaver, and the command of a servant or two, he was advanced to the title of a gentleman; where I left him to the exercise of his gifts.   

CHAP. XXV. Of the manner how the Separatists do pay debts to them that are without.  
THere was an honest man, one Mr. Innocence Fairecloath, by Mr. Mathias Charterparty, sent over into New Canaan, to raise a very good merchantable commodity for his benefit; for whiles the man was bound by covenant to stay for a time, and to employ such servants, as did there belong to Mr. Charterparty. He disdained the tenants of the Separatists: and they also (finding him to be none,) disdained to be employed by a carnal man (as they termed him) and sought occasion against him, to do him a mischief, intelligence was conveyed to Mr. Charterparty, that this man was a member of the Church of England: and therefore (in their account) an enemy to their Church, & state. And (to the end they might have some colour against him) some of them practised to get into his debt; which he not mistrusting) suffered: and gave credit for such Commodity as he had sold at a price. When the day of payment came, instead of monies; he being at that time sick and weak, 
Good payment.  and stood in need of the Beaver he had contracted for he, had an Epistle full of zealous exhortations, to provide for the soul, and not to mind these transitory things that perished with the body; and to be think himself whether his conscience would be so prompt to demand so great a some of Beaver as had been contracted for. He was further exhorted therein, to consider he was but a steward for a time, and by all likely hood was going to to give up an account of his stewardship: and therefore persuaded the creditor not to load his conscience with such a burden, which he was bound by the Gospel to ease him of (if it were possible) & for that cause he had framed this Epistle in such a friendly manner to put him in mind of it. The perusal of this (lapped in the paper) was as bad as a potion, to the creditor, to see his debtor Master Subtilety a zealous professor (as he thought) to deride him in this extremity, that he could not choose (in admiration of the deceit) but cast out these words:  
Are these your members? if they be all like these I believe the Devil was the setter up of their Church.  
This was called in question, when Mr. Fairecloath lest thought of it. Capt. Little worth must be the man must press it against him, for blasphemy against the Church of Salem: 
Blasphemy an example for carnal men.  and to great josua Temperwell he goes with a bitter accusation, to have Master Innocence made an example for all carnal men, to presume to speak the lest word that might tend to the dishonour of the Church of Salem; yea the mother Church of all that holy Land.  
And he convented was before their Synagoge, where no defence would serve his turn, yet was there none to be seen to accuse him, save the Court alone.  
The time of his sickness, nor the urgent cause, were not allowed to be urged for him; but whatsoever could be thought upon against him was urged, seeing he was a carnal man of them, that are without. So that it seems by those proceed there, the matter was adjudged before he came: He only brought to hear his sentence in public: which was, to have his tongue bored through; his nose slit; his face branded; his ears cut; his body to be whipped in every several plantation of their jurisdiction: and a fine of forty pounds imposed with perpetual banishment: and (to execute this vengeance,) shackles (the Deacon of Charles Town) was as ready as Mephistopheles, when Doctor Faustus was bend upon mischief.  
He is the purser general of New Canaan, who (with his whip, with knots most terrible) takes this man unto the Counting house: there capitulates with him, why he should be so hasty for payment, when Gods dear children must pay as they are able: and he weeps, and sobs, and his handkerchief walks as a sign of his sorrow for Master Fairecloaths sin, that he should bear no better affection to the Church and the Saints of New Canaan: and strips innocence the while; and comforts him.  
Though he be made to stay for payment, he should not think it long; the payment would be sure when it did come, and he should have his due to a doit; he should not wish for a token more; And then told it him down in such manner, 
Notable pay.  that he made Fairecloaths Innocent back, like the picture of Rawhead and blowdy bones: and his shirt like a pudding wife's aperon. In this employment shackles takes a great felitity, and glories in the practice of it: This cruel sentence was stopped, in part by Sir Christopher Gardiner (than present at the execution) by expostulating with Master Temperwell: who was content (with that whipping, and the cutting of part of his ears) to sand Innocence going, with the loss of all his goods to pay the fine imposed, and perpetual banishment out of their Lands of New Canaan in terrorem populi.  
Lo this is the payment you shall get, if you be one of them they term, without.   

CHAP. XXVI. Of the Charity of the Separatists.  
CHarity is said to be the darling of Religion and is indeed the Mark of a good Christian: But where we do find a Commission for ministering to the necessity of the Saints, we do not find any prohibition against casting our bread upon the waters, where the unsanctified, as well as the sanctified, are in possibility to make use of it.  
I cannot perceive that the Separatists do allow of helping our poor though they magnify their practice incontributing to the nourishment of their Saints For as much as some that are of the number of those whom they term without (though it were in case of sickness) upon their landing, when a little fresh victuals would have recovered their healths, yet could they not find any charitable assistance from them. Nay mine Host of Ma-re-Mount (if he might have had the use of his gun powther, and shot, and his dog: which were denied) he doubtless would have preserved, such poor helpless wretches as were neglected by those that brought them over; 
Lame charity  which was so apparent (as it seemed) that one of their own tribe said: the death of them would be required at some body's hands one day, (meaning Master Temperwell.  
But such good must not come from a carnal man: if it come from a member, than it is a sanctified work; if otherwise, it is rejected, as unsanctified.  
But when shackles wife, and such as had husbands parents, or friends happened to be sick, mine Hosts help was used, and instruments provided for him, to kill fresh victual with (wherein he was industrious) and the persons, having fresh victual, lived.  
So doubtless might many others have been preserved, but they were of the number left without; neither will those precise people admit a carnal man into their houses, though they have made use of his in the like case, they are such antagonists to those, that do not comply with them and seek to be admitted, to be of their Church that in scorn they say: you may see what it is to be without.   

CHAP. XXVII. Of the practice of their Church.  
THe Church of the Separatists, is governed by Pastors, Elders, and Deacons, and there is not any of these (thouh he be but a Cow keeper) but is allowed to exercise his gifts, in the public assembly on the Lord's day; so as he do not make use of any notes for the help of his memory: for such things they say smell of Lamp oil, and there must be no such unsavery perfume admitted, to come into the congregation.  
These are all public preachers. There is amongst these people a Deakonesse made of the sisters, that uses her gifts at home in an assembly of her sex, by way of repetition, or exhortation: such is their practice.  
The Pastor (before he is allowed of) must disclaim his former calling to the Ministry, as heretical; and take a new calling after their fantastical inventions: and then he is admitted to be their Pastor.  
The manner of disclaimeing is, to renounce his calling with bitter execrations, for the time that he hath heretofore lived in it: and after his new election, there is great joy conceived at his commission.  
And their Pastors have this pre-eminence above the  Magistrate: He must first consider of the complaint, made against a member: and if he be disposed to give the party complained of, an admonition, there is no more to be said: if not; He delivers him over to the Magistrate to deal with him, in a course of justice, according to their practice, in cases of that nature.  
Of these pastors I have not known many: some I have observed; together with their carriage in New Canaan: and can inform you what opinion hath been conceived of their conditions, in the particular. There is one who (as they give it out there, that think they speak it to advance his worth) has been expected to exercise his gifts in an assembly, that stayed his coming, (in the midst of his journey) falls into a fit (which they term a zealous meditation) and was 4. miles past the place appointed, before he came to himself, or did remember where about's he went. And how much these things are different from the actions of mazed men, I leave to any indifferent man to judge: and if I should say, they are all much alike, they that have seen and heard, what I have done will not condemme me altogether.  
Now, for as much as by the practice of their Church every Elder or Deacon may preach: it is not amiss to discover their practice in that particular, before I part with them.  
It has been an old saying, and a true, what is bred in the bone, will not out of the flesh, nor the stepping into the pulpit that can make the person fit for the employment. The unfitness of the person undertaking to be the Messenger, has brought a blemish upon the messages, 
Lewes the 11. sent a Barber Ambassador.  as in the time of Lewes the Eleventh King of France; who (having advanced his Barber to place of Honour, and graced him with eminent titles) made him so presumptuous, to undertake an Embassage to treat with foreign princes of  affairs.  
But what was the issue? He behaved himself so unworthily (yet as well as his breeding would give him leave) that both the Messenger and the message were despised; 
The Embassage despised.  and had not he (being discovered) conveyed himself out of their territories, they had made him pay for his barbarous presumption.  
Socrates says, loquere ut te videam. If a man observe these people in the exercise of their gifts, he may thereby discern the tincture of their proper calling, the asses ears will peep through the lion's hide. I am sorry they cannot discern their own infirmities I will deal fairly with them; for I will draw their pictures cap a pe, that you may discern them plainly from head to foot in their postures that so much bewitch (as I may speak with modesty,) these illiterate people to be so fantastical, to take jonas task upon them without sufficient warrant.  
One steps up like the Minister of justice with the balance only, 
A Grocer.  not the sword for fear of affrighting his auditory. He points at a text, and handles it as evenly as he can; and teaches the auditory, that the thing he has to deliver; must be well weighed, for it is a very precious thing, yet much more precious than gold, or pearl: and he will teach them the means how to way things of that excellent worth: that a man would suppose, he, and his auditory were to part stakes by the scale; and the like distribution they have used about a bag pudding.  
Another (of a more cutting disposition) steps in his steed; and he takes a text, 
A tailor.  which he divides into many parts: (to speak truly) as many as he list. The fag end of it he pares away, as a superfluous remnant.  
He puts his auditory in comfort, that he will make a garment for them: and teach them how they shall put it on; and incourages them to be in love with it, for it is of such a fashion as doth best become a Christian man. He will assuer them that it shall be armour of proof against all assaults of Satan. This garment (says he) is not composed as the garments made by a carnal man, that are sowed with a hot needle, and a burning thread; but it is a garment that shall out last all the garments: and (if they will make use of it, as he shall direct them) they shall be able (like saint George) to terrify the great Dragon error; and defend truth which error with her wide chaps, would devour: whose mouth shall be filled with the shredds, and parings, which he continually gapes for under the cutting board.  
A third, 
A Tapster.  he supplies the room: and in the exercise of his gifts gins with a text that is drawn out of a fountain, that has in it no  of popery. This shall prove unto you (says he) the Cup of repentance; it is not like unto the Cup of the Whore of Babylon, who will make men drunk with the  thereof: It is filled up to the brim with comfortable joice, and will prove a cordial, a comfortable cordial to a sick soul, (says he,) And so he handles the matter as if he dealt by the pint, and the quart with Nic and Froth.  
An other (a very learned man indeed) goes another way to work with his auditory; 
A Cobbler.  and exhorts them to walk upright, in the way of their calling, and not (like carnal men) tread awry. And if they should fail in the performance of that duty, yet they should seek for amendment whiles it was time; and tells them, it would be to late to seek for help, when the shop windows were shut up: and pricks them forward with a friendly admonition, not to place their delight in worldly pleasures, which will not last, but in time will come to an end.  
But so to handle the matter, that they may be found to wax better and better, and then they shall be doublely rewarded for their work: and so closes up the matter in a comfortable manner.  
But stay: Here is one stepped up in haste, and (being not minded to hold his auditory in expectation of any long discourse,) he takes a text; and (for brevity's sake,) divides it into one part: and then runs so fast a fore with the matter, 
A very pattrick.  that his auditory cannot follow him. Doubtless his Father was some Irish footman, by his speed it seems so. And it may be at the hour of death, the son being present) did participate of his Father's nature, (according to Pythagoras) and so the virtue of his Father's nimble feet (being infused into his brains) might make his tongue outrun his wit.  
Well, if you mark it, these are special gifts indeed: which the vulgar people are so taken with, that there is no persuading them that it is so ridiculous.  
This is the means, (O the means,) that they pursue: This that comes without premeditation: This is the Suparlative: and he that does not approve of this, they say is a very reprobate.  
Many unwarrantable Tenants they have likewise: some of which being come to my knowledge I will here set down, one whereof being in public practice maintained, is more notorious than the rest. I will therefore begin with that and convince them of manifest error by the maintenance of it, which is this:  
That it is the Magistrates office absolutely (and not the Ministers) to join the people in lawful matrimony. 
Tenent 1.  And for this they vouch the History of Ruth, saying Boas was married to Ruth in presence of the Elders of the people. Herein they mistake the scope of the text.  
2. That it is a relic of popery to make use of a ring in marriage: and that it is a diabolical circle for the Devil to dance in.  
3. That the purification used for women after delivery is not to be used.  
4. That no child shall be baptised, whose parents are not received into their Church first.  
5. That no person shall be admitted to the Sacrament of the Lords supper that is without.  
6. That the book of Common prayer is an idol: and all that use it, Idolaters.  
7. That every man is bound to believe a professor upon his bore affirmation only, before a Protestant upon oath.  
8. That no person hath any right to God's creatures, but God's children only who are themselves: and that all others are but usurpers of the Creatures.  
9 And that for the general good of their Church, and common wealth they are to neglect father, mother and all friendship.  
10. Much a do they keep about their Church discipline, as if that were the most essential part of their Religion, Tithes are banished from thence, all except the tithe of Muit and Commin.  
11. They differ from us some thing in the creed too, for if they get the goods of one, that is without, into their hands; he shall be kept without remedy for any satisfaction: and they believe, that this is not cozenage.  
12. And lastly they differ from us, in the manner of praying; for they wink when they pray, because they think themselves so perfect in the high way to heaven, that they can found it blindfold: so do not I.   

CHAP. XXVIII. Of their Policy inpublik justice.  
NOw that I have anottomized, the two extreme parts of this Politic Commonwealth the head & the inferior members, I will show you the hart & read a short lecture over that too; which is justice.  
I have a petition to exhibit to the high & mighty Mr. Temperwell; and I have my choice whether I shall make my plaint in a case of conscience, or bring it with in the Compass of a point in law. And because I will go the surest way to work, at first, I will see how others are answered in the like kind, whether it be with hab or nab, as the judge did the Countryman.  
Here comes Mr. Hopewell: his petition is in a case of conscience (as he says.) But see great josua allows conscience to be of his side: yet cuts him off; with this answer; Law is flat against him. Well let me see another. I marry: Here comes one Master Doubtnot: his matter depends (I am sure) upon a point in Law: alas what will it not do, look ye it is affirmed that Law is on his side: but Conscience (like a blanket over) spreads it. This passage is like to the Procustes of Room me thinks: and therefore I may very well say of them. 
Even so by racking out the joints & chopping of the head,  
Procustes fitted all his guests unto his Iron bed.   
And if these speed no better, with whom they are friends, that neither find Law nor Conscience to help them: I do not wonder to see mine Host of Ma-re-Mount speed so ill, that has been proclaimed an enemy so many years in New Canaan, to their Church and State.   

CHAP. XXIX. How mine Host was put into a whale's belly.  
THe Separatists (after they had burned Ma-re-Mount, they could not get any ship to undertake the carriage of mine Host from thence, either by fair means, or fowl,) they were enforced (contrary to their expectation) to be troubled with his company: and by that means had time to consider more of the man, than they had done of the matter: wherein at length it was discovered, that they (by means of their credulity of the intelligence given them in England of the matter, and the false Carecter of the man) had run themselves headlong into an error: and had done that ona sudden, which they repent at leisure: but could not tell which way to help it as it stood now. They could debate upon it; and especially upon two difficult points, whereof one must be concluded upon. If they sent mine Host a way by banishment, he is in possibility to survive, to their disgrace for the injury done: if they suffer him to stay, & put him in statu quo prius, all the vulgar people will conclude they have been too rash in burning a house that was useful, and count them men unadvised.  
So that it seems (by their discourse about the matter) they stood betwixt Hawk and Bussard: and could not tell which hand to incline unto. They had sounded him secretly: he was content with it, go which way it would. Nay shackles himself, (who was employed in the burning of the house, and therefore feared to be caught in England) and others were so forward in putting mine Host in statu quo prius, after they had found their error, (which was so apparent that Luceus eyes would have served to have found it out in less time) that they would contribute 40. shillings a piece towards it; and affirmed, that every man according to his ability that had a hand in this black design should be taxed to a Contribution in like nature: it would be done exactly.  
Now (whiles this was in agitation, & was well urged by some of those parties, to have been the upshot) unexpected (in the depth of winter, when all ships were gone out of the land) In comes Mr. Wethercock a proper Mariner; and they said; he could observe the wind: blow it high, blow it low, he was resolved to lie at hull rather than encounter such a storm as mine Host had met with: and this was a man for their turn.  
He would do any office for the brethren, if they (who he knew had a strong purse, and his conscience waited on the strings of it, if all the zeal he had) would bear him out in it: which they professed they would. He undertakes to rid them of mine Host by one means or another. They gave him the best means they could, according to the present condition of the work; and letters of credence to the favoures of that Sect in England; with which (his business there being done, and his ship cleared) he hoist the Sails, and put to Sea: since which time mine Host has not troubled the brethren, but only at the Counsel table: where now Sub indice lis est.   

CHAP. XXX. Of Sir Christopher Cardiner Knight, and how he sped amongst the Separatists.  
SIr Christopher Gardiner, (a Knight, that had been a traveller, both by Sea and Land; a good judicious gentleman in the Mathematticke, and other Sciences useful for Plantations Kimistry, etc. and also being a practical Engineer) came into those parts, intending discovery.  
But the Separatists love not those good parts, when they proceed from a carnal man (as they call every good Protestant,) in short time had found the means to pick a quarrel with him. The means is, that they pursue to obtain what they aim at: the word is there the means.  
So that when they find any man like to prove an enemy to their Church, and state, then strait the means must be used for defence. The first precept in their Politics is, to defame the man at whom they aim. and then he is a holy Israelite in their opinions, who can spread that fame brodest, like butter upon a loaf: no matter how thin; it will serve for a veil: and then this man (who they have thus depraved) is a spotted unclean leper: he must out, lest he pollute the Land, and them that are clean.  
If this be one of their gifts, than Machevill had as good gifts as they. Let them raife a scandal on any, though never so innocent; yet they know it is never wiped clean out: the stained marks remains: which hath been well observed by one, in these words of his: 
Stick Candles 'gainst a Virgin walls white back:  
If they'll not burn yet at the lest they'll black.   
And thus they dealt with Sir Christopher: and plotted by all the ways, and means they could, to overthrew his undertake in those parts.  
And therefore I cannot choose, but conclude, that these Separatists have special gifts: for they are given to envy, and malice extremely.  
The knowledge of their defamation could not please the gentleman well, when it came to his ear, which would 'cause him to make some reply, (as they supposed) to take exceptions at, as they did against Fair cloth: & this would be a means, they thought, to blow the coal, and so to kindle a brand that might fire him out of the Country too, and sand him after mine Host of Ma-re-Mount.  
They take occasion (some of them) to come to his house when he was gone up into the Country: and finding he was from home) so went to work, that they left him neither house, nor habitation, nor servant, nor any thing to help him, if he should return: but of that they had no hope (as they gave it out) for he was gone (as they affirmed) to lead a Savage life; and for that cause took no company with him: and they, having considered of the matter, thought it not fit that any such man should live in so remoate a place, within the Compass of their patent. So they fired the place; and carried away the persons, and goods.  
Sir Christopher was gone with a guide (a Savage) into the in land parts for discovery: but, before he was returned, he met with a Savage that told the guide, Sir Christopher would be killed: Master Temperwell (who had now found out matter against him) would have him dead, or alive. This he related; and would have the gentleman not to go to the place appointed, because of the danger, that was supposed.  
But Sir Christopher was nothing dismayed: he would on, whatsoever come of it; and so met with the Savages: and between them was a terrible skirmish: But they had the worst of it, and he scaped well enough.  
The guide was glad of it, and learnt of his fellows that they were promised a great reward, for what they should do in this employment.  
Which thing (when Sir Christopher understood,) he gave thanks to God; and after (upon this occasion, to solace himself) in his table book, he composed this sonnet, which I have here inserted for a memorial.  

THE SONNET.  
Wolveses in Sheep's clothing why will ye,  
Think to deceive God that doth see,  
Your simulated sartity.  
For my part I do wish you could,  
Your own infirmities behold,  
For than you would not be so bold,  
Like Sophists why will you dispute,  
With wisdom so, you do confute,  
None but yourselves: for shame be mute.  
Lest great Jehovah with his power,  
Do come upon you in an hour,  
When you lest think and you devour.   
This Sonnet the Gentleman composed, as a testimony of his love towards them, that were so ill affected towards him; from whom they might have received much good, if they had been so wise to have embraced him in a loving fashion.  
But they despise the help, that shall come from a carnal man (as they termed him) who (after his return from those designs) finding how they had used him with such disrespect, took shipping, and disposed of himself for England, and discovered their practices in those parts towards his Majesty's true hearted Subjects, which they made weary of their abode in those parts.   

CHAP. XXXI. Of mine Host of Ma-re-Mount how he played jonas after he had been in the Whale's belly for a time.  
MIne Host of Ma-re-Mount being put to Sea, had delivered him, for his relief by the way, (because the ship was unvitteled, and the Seamen put to strait allowance, which could hold out, but to the Canaries) a part of his own provision, being two months proportion; in all but 3. small pieces of pork; which made him expect to be famished before the voyage should be ended, by all likelihood. Yet he thought he would make one good meal, before he died: like the Colony servant in Virginea, that before he should go to the gallows) called to his wife to set on the loblolly pot, and let him have one good meal before he went; who had committed a petty crime, that in those days, was made a capital offence.  
And now mine Host being merrily disposed, on went the pieces of pork, where with he feasted his body, and cherished the poor Sailors: and got out of them what Mr. Wethercock, their Master purposed to do with him that he had no more provision: & along they sailed from place to place, from Island to Island, in a pitiful wether beaten ship; where mine Host was in more danger (without all question) than jonas, when he was in the Whale's belly; and it was the great mercy of God that they had not all perished. Vittelled they were but for a month when they weighed Anchor, and left the first port.  
They were a pray for the enemy for want of powther, if they had met them: besides the vessel was a very slug, and so unserviceable, that the Master called a counsel of all the company in general, to have their opinions, which way to go, and how to bear the helm, who all under their hand affirmed the ship to be unserviceable: so that in fine the Master, and men, and all were at their wits end about it: yet they employed the Carpenters to search, and caulke her sides, and do their best while they were in her. Nine months they made a shift to use her, and shifted for supply of vittells at all the Islands they touched at; though it were so poorly, that all those helps, and the short allowance of a biscuit a day, and a few Lemons taken in at the Canaries, served but to bring the vessel in view of the lands end.  
They were in such a desperate case, that (if God in his great mercy had not favoured them, and disposed the winds fair until the vessel was in Plymouth road,) they had without question perished; for when they let drop an Anchor, near the Island of S. Michaels not one bit of food left for all that starving allowance of this wretched weathercock; that if he would have launched out his beaver, might have bought more vittells in New England than he & the whole ship with the Cargazoun was worth, (as the passengers he carried who vittelled themselves affirmed,) But he played the miserable wretch, & had possessed his men with the contrary; who repent them of weighing anchor before they knew so much.  
Mine Host of Ma-re-Mount (after he had been in the Whale's belly) was set a shore to see if he would now play jonas, so metamorphosed with a long voyage, that he looked like Lazarus in the painted cloth.  
But mine Host (after due consideration of the premises) thought it fit for him to play jonas in this kind, then for the Separatists to play jonas in that kind as they do. He therefore bid Wethercock tell the Separatists, that they would be made in due time to repent those malicious practices, and so would he too; for he was a Separatist amongst the Separatists as fare as his wit would give him leave; though when he came in Company of basket makers, he would do his indevoure to make them pin the basket, if he could, as I have seen him. And now mine Host being merrily disposed, having past many perilous adventures in that desperate Whale's belly, began in a posture like jonas, and cried Repent you cruel Separatists repent, there are as yet but 40. days if jove vouchsafe to thunder, Charter and the Kingdom of the Separatists will fall a sunder: Repent you cruel Schismatics repent. And in that posture he greeted them by letters returned into new Canaan; and ever (as opportunity was fitted for the purpose) he was both heard &c seen in the posture of jonas against them crying repent you cruel Separatists, repent, there are as yet but 40. days if jove vouchsafe to thunder. The Charter and the Kingdom of the Separatists will fall a sunder: Repent you cruel Schismatics repent; If you will hear any more of this proclamation meet him at the next markettowne, for Cynthius' aurem vellet.     

A TABLE OF THE CONTENTS OF THE THREE BOOKS.  

The Tenants of the first Book.  
Chapter. 1. Proving New England the principal part of all America and most commodious and fit for habitation and generation.  
Chapter. 2. Of the original of the Natives.  
Chapter. 3. Of a great martallity happened amongst the Natives.  
Chapter. 4. Of their houses and habitations.  
Chapter. 5. Of their Religion.  
Chapter. 6. Of the Indians apparel.  
Chapter. 7. Of their Childbearing.  
Chapter. 8. Of their reverence and respect to age.  
Chapter. 9 Of their Juggelling tricks.  
Chapter. 10. Of their Duelles.  
Chapter. 11. Of the maintenance of their reputation.  
Chapter. 12. Of their Traffic and trade one with another.  
Chapter. 13. Of their Magazines and Storehowses.  
Chapter. 14. Of their Subtilety.  
Chapter. 15. Of their admirable perfection in the use of their senses.  
Chapter. 16. Of their acknowledgement of the creation and immortality of the Soul.  
Chapter. 17. Of their Annals and Funerals.  
Chapter. 18. Of their Custom in burning the Country.  
Chapter. 19 Of their Inclination to drunkenness.  
Chapter. 20. Of there Philosophical life.   

The Tenants of the second Book.  
Chap. 1. The general Survey of the Country.  
Chap. 2. What trees are there and how commodious.  
Chap. 3. What Potherbes are there and for Salads.  
Chap. 4. Of the Birds of the air and feathered Fewes.  
Chap. 5. Of the Beasts of the forest.  
Chap. 6. Of Stones and Minerals.  
Chap. 7. Of the Fishes and what commodity they preove.  
Chap. 8. Of the goodness of the Country and the Fountains.  
Chap. 9 A Perspective to view the Country by.  
Chap. 10. Of the great Lake of Erocoise.   

The Tenants of the third Book.  
Chap. 1. Of a great legue made between the Savages and English.  
Chap. 2. Of the entertainment of Master Westons people.  
Chap. 3. Of a great Battle fought between the English and the Indians.  
Chap. 4. Of a Parliament held at Wessaguscus.  
Chap. 5. Of a Massacre made upon the Savages.  
Chap. 6. Of the Surprising of a Merchant's Ship.  
Chap. 7. Of Thomas Mortons' Entertainment and wrack.  
Chap. 8. Of the banishment of john Layford, and john Oldam.  
Chap. 9 Of a barren do of Virginea grown Fruithfull.  
Chap. 10. Of the Master of the Ceremonies.  
Chap. 11. Of 〈◊〉 imposition made for a Savages theft.  
Chap. 12. Of a voyage made by the Master of the Ceremonies for Beaver.  
Chap. 13. A lamentable fit of mellancolly cured.  
Chap. 14. The Revels of New Canaan.  
Chap. 15. Of a great Monster supposed to be at Ma-re-Mount.  
Chap. 16. How the nine Worthies of New Canaan put mine Host of Ma-re-Mount into an enchanted Castle.  
Chap. 17. Of the baccanall Triumph of New Canaan.  
Chap. 18. Of a Doctor mad● at a commencement.  
Chap. 19 Of the silencing of a Minister.  
Chap. 20. Of a practice to get a snare to hemper mine Host of Ma re Mount.  
Chap. 21. Of Captain Littleworths device for the purchase of Deaver.  
Chap. 22. Of a Sequestration in New Canaan.  
Chap. 23. Of a great bonfire made in New Canaan.  
Chap. 24. Of the digradinge and creating of Gentry.  
Chap. 25. Of the manner how the Separatists pay their debts.  
Chap. 26. Of th' Charity of the Separatists.  
Chap. 27. Of the practice of their Church.  
Chap. 28. Of their Policy in public justice.  
Chap. 29. How mine Host was put into a Whale's belly.  
Chap. 30. How Sir Christopher Gardiner Knight speed amongst the Separatists.  
Chap. 31. How mine Host of Ma-re-Mount play●. Ionas after he got out of the Whale's belly.   
FINIS.