The 4. of Octob: 1622.  
A TRUE RELATION OF THE AFFAIRS of Europe, especially, France, Flanders, and the Palatinate. Whereby you may see the present estate of her Provinces, and conjecture what these troubles and wars may produce.  
TOGETHER WITH A SECOND overthrow given the French Kings forces at Mompelier, by those of the Protestant League, wherein were slain a great number of the KING'S Army.  
Last of all.  
The remove of the famous siege before Bergen, upon the 22. of September last, with the retreat of Spinola to Antwerp, as taking advantage of the time, and not able to continue, for fear of utter dissipation.  
LONDON, Printed for Nathaniel Butter, and Nicholas Bourne. 1622.   

A TRUE RELATION OF ALL THE Affairs of Europe, especially the business of France, Flanders, and the Palatinate, wherein you may see what is now acted for the present, and conjecture, what these Wars and troubles may in time produce.  

From Naples.  
I Begin with Naples, because as near as I can I will come orderly forward with the Provinces as they lie, and in regard the several Letters bear not one date, I have thought good to Muster the News, which belongs to the same place, as it were into one Army, and so you shall receive the occurrences all together.  
From hence they write, that the Catholic Majesty understanding of the pacification of the troubles in this Kingdom, and accustomed to perform all the duties of a noble Prince in gratifying, or at least recompensing the services of his worthy Captains, Governors, and Soldiers, hath granted an annual pension of sixty thousand crowns to Aadiuta de Cista Duke of Brattana, and a present disbursement of a 100000. crowns, both for money laid out for the provision of corn in the time of famine, and disbursed to soldiers in the tumults of that Commonwealth.  
Secondly, that there are certain directions for the levying of two thousand men at his Majesty's charge of Spain to pass into the Valtoline.  
Thirdly, that diverse soldiers were levied about Otronto and Brindisi in Apulta, but the Venetians would not let them pass over the gulf to land either in Dalmatia or Histria.  
Fourthly, that the Pope's Nuntio arriving in Spain advercised the Conclave of his welcome and entertainment, writing withal, that the Catholic King had declared himself concerning the Valtolina, and indeed the whole country of the Grizons, that what he had gotten he would defend and keep to the uttermost of his power, as minding to incorporate it to the Duchy of Milcaine, and what was to be got he challenged, as formerly forfeited to the Duke de Osanne; to whom the whole country was mortgaged for 200000 crowns lent unto them, when they first enterprised the war against those of the religion.  
Fifthly, and last of all, that the noble men of Naples are more strictly looked unto for going at their pleasure into the country, or maintaining greater guards and attendants, than the Viceroy hath limited them.   

From Rome.  
The Letters of Rome have likewise several dates, but after the overlooking, afford us thus much.  
First, that the Pope hath created four Cardinals, two of Spain, one of Italy, and one of Poland, who hath commission to determine the controversies between the Jesuits and the Nobility.  
2 That the Duchess of Peteliano is deceased, being the Pope's Niece.  
3 That there is a Nuntio sent to the Emperor for the release and delivery of the Cardinal of Steall taken at Peang and now prisoner in the Aponte, the agreement is, that the Emperor is contented with the Pope's mediation, and his Holiness will examine the cause, and so punish him, if he have been a delinquent in the matter accused of against his Imperial Majesty.  
4 That there are certain letters writ from Naples unto his Holiness, about the dangerous sickness of the Duchess of Montelione, who is very importunate for the prayers of the Church and the Pope's blessing.  
5 That by reason of the want of corn in Naples, there was a great imposition on all the Pope's territories, and they that could not spare their grain, were contented to disburse their money: so that at last Arnigo Antonio Captain of the foot did convey much corn to Abruzza, for the relief of that City, and country.  
6 That the solemnity of the Exequys of the Duke of Parma were celebrated, and the Cardinal Pernese sent thither to remain with the widow Duchess for the establishing of her estate▪ who so ordered the matter, that the Nobility, Officers, and better sort remained in their places, but many inferiors were altered and discharged.  
7 That the Bishop of Cortona in Tuscan was dead, whose revenues was a thousand five hundred crowns a year, out of which the Pope challenged diverse arrearages, and other duties belonging to the Conclave of Cardinals.  
8 That Count Robert Shirley Ambassador for the King of Persia had particularly visited the Cardinals, and was on the day of Saint Rovo to pass to the seven Churches, where were showed him the relics and treasure; which solemnity finished, he took his leave and departed toward Persia.  
9 That the Duke of Montileone remaining in Spain desired to be dismissed from the Court, and that there was expected in his place Monsieur de Massimi as a new Apostolical Nuntio.  
10 That his Holiness went in procession to the Basilica of Sancta Maria to celebrate the feast of the Ascension of the blessed Virgin, and while he remained in the Chapel, he created the Cardinal Melino with the dowry of the Chapel, and so when he had confirmed the company of Consalone, returned home.  
But the day after the festival of Saint Rovo great pastime was on the water, like the Regatius of Venice, with painted Boats, diverse sorts of Music warlike instruments, guilded Galleys, with Streamers and Pennons, and, the Gentlemen well appointed.  
11 Last of all, that presently followed the death of Monsieur Marcabrow, which a little rebated this jollity.   

From Venice.  
Because commonly our Post lettters of Italy come from Venice, or at least those of Venice make mention of the affairs of the petty Provinces, especially Milan: I have therefore thought it convenient to put in the Items of Italian affairs into this section of Venice, and so make up as it were one bundle in this matter.  
First, that it is written from Milan, that the Duke de Feria, Leopoldus of Austria, and the Swissers have agreed upon a treaty of peace, and appointed a place of meeting at Loudray, the better to accommodate the company, which must needs be very great, considering there is expectation of several Embossadours from France, Venice, the Archduke Leopoldus, the the Duke of Feria, the Cantons of Switzerland, and the Grizons, who shall be commissioned to treat of conditions between Milan and them: notwithstanding the expectation of this fair weather, every day almost hath had his interposition of clouds, & warlike preparations: for there is nothing but killing, and intercepting of passages among the Grizons, and preparing of soldiers in Switzerland, so that they have still an army on foot of seven thousand, as resolved to defend their country against the usurpation of strangers, whosoever.  
Secondly, That though the Archduke Leopold be gone himself to recover his Towns in Alsatia; yet have his soldiers foraged the Alps, and the Valleys of the Grisons, as far as tirol, with the taking of 500 Head of cattle, and still and still increaseth his Forces, as if he meant to subjugated that Country wholly to the use of the Spaniard.  
Thirdly, That for all this fair show of Pacification, they write from Venice, That the Spaniard will have no Peace, but are resolved to continue the War, till either by force they make their own way, or by composition free the Country, that his Armies may pass from Milan into Germany, without interception.  
Fourthly, That whereas there was a payment of 25000 Crowns yearly disbursed to the Valtolina, the Governor of Milan hath denied the same, & stopped it in his Chamber of Accounts, by directions from Spain; and therefore they suppose those propositions of Peace to be in vain, considering there is an Army mustering in Milan.  
Fifthly, That Monsieur di Sugli coming post from France with six Horses, and some carriages of Spain, was surprised by the Huguenots near unto Molins, and all his Money and Carriages rifled, he himself hardly escaping; the Country being every where in an Vprore, and the people in Arms.  
Sixtly, That there came from Vienna by the way of Milan, to return into Spain, the Count Rambuldo Collulto, and that the Master of the Camp, Giou. Tornazo Carrauich●, coming from Naples to go to Madrid, was requested by the Duke of Feria to be (as it were) a Remembrancer to his Catholic Majesty, that a new Army were sent to Milan, either under his command, or some other worthy Captains, as his Ambassador should give directions.  
Seventhly, That there was newly arrived from Spain Doctor Peribelto, to go as Commissioner into the Valtoline, well rewarded with a chain of 1000 Crowns, and better furnished with sufficient Treasure, to defray his charges, and an annual pension for the honour of his place.  
Eightly, That the Diet, which was once appointed to be held for the Swissers and Grisons in their own Country, shall now be kept in Lindo, belonging to the French King, whither Leopoldus will come in person, and meaneth, as it should seem, to stand upon higher terms, then in former times.  
Ninthly, That one of the Gentlemen of Venice, named Illustrissimo Gironimo Lando, having been their Ambassador, was on a Sabbath day made a Knight of Saint Marks, and admitted into the College of Ten, being well gratified with a sufficient recompense of Zecchinos.  
10. That in the Church of Sancta Maria, two young Turks were baptised, who had brought to Venice great store of Treasure, and diverse jewels.  
11. That the Letters of Bollogna assure us, that among other prisoners, there were taken certain unruly persons, who had in a riotous night spoiled the Image of our Lady, and disrobed other Saints; but after great search, they were found, and are likely to endure severe punishment.  
12. That on a Tuesday in September, in the Piazza of S. Marks in Venice, there was a publication of the Banishment of La illustrissima Signora Bianca, sister to the illustrious Almenio Balli, for poisoning her Husband Illustrissimo Gironimo Seranço; and whosoever could bring in her Head, should have 2000 Livers: her Goods were publicly sold, her Vecchia bandited, and a servant of trust proscribed.  
13. That in the open Marketplace of S. Marks, one Antonio Stravariol did deadly wound in the head Giacomo Lavoradi, a Musician of S. Marks Church: for which he fled, and is not yet taken.   

From Vienna.  
You see what Method I have used, to draw the account of Europe's▪ Business by Items, which I am persuaded is not unpleasing, and therefore I will continue the same: For brevity's sake, and to avoid discoursing, know then, that the Letters from Vienna contain these particulars.  
First, That the Emperor and Empress are returned from the Diet of Hungary, which was determined and ended to the applause of the Hungarians, and contentment of the Prince of Transyluania: For it was concluded, that all their Fortresses and Holds on their Confines, should be natural Hungars, and no strangers; and that the Emperor should presently send to the solemn Meeting at Ratisbone, where all the great Lords and Princes of Germany have appointed an Assembly, for the setting upright the staggering affairs of the Commonwealth, and rectifying the disorders of the Empire.  
2 That Bethlem Gabor had entertained some suspicion against his Subjects, because they repined at his impositions, and had been hurried out to unnecessary and unprofitable Wars, as having spent three years to no purpose. 3 That Ill Signior Don Pietro Aldabrandino had dismissed all his foot Soldiers, but retained his Horse, with which he resolved to pass into the Valtolina against the Grizons. 4 That there was a whispering of an innovation in Transiluania, by reason Bethlem Gabor's Brother had Mustered an Army of 30000. as if he meant to usurp some of his Provinces from him. 5 That there is a Bashaw sent from the new Emperor Mustapha in Constantinople with 300. Horse well accompanied both to renew the League, which hath formerly kept these Princes in good order, and to afford an account of the insolency of the tumultuous janissaries in rising against their Lord, which have been severely punished, and seem strangely penitent, as wondering at their own handiwork: but now all is quiet, and the Sacra Porta stands open, as in times past, yea the two young Brothers of Osman are not Imprisoned in the 7. Towers, but only well tutored, and guarded as it becometh such great Princes. 6 That about the 10. of September, the Empress after her return and Coronation in Hungary to Vienna, did solemnize a sumptuous Mask, in which her greatest Ladies were Actors, and to which the Noble Princes, Ambassadors & many Strangers were invited. 7 That 'mong others, after great intercession, the Count Hollocke hath made his peace with his Imperial Majesty, but upon very hard Conditions as it chanceth in all thriving business, where the dejected must be at the will and pleasure of the Conqueror, 8 Last of all, that the Pashas of Buda and Belgrade, have had an Army in readiness of 40000. ever since that mischievous attempt upon the person of the great Turk, as suspecting some furions' innovation by their own mutinous Soldiers, or watching an opportunity to encroach further into Hungary, but of of that there is little fear, because there wanteth a sufficiet Majesty to Command and control them.   

From Prague.  
They write from hence. 1 That those of Clerenbergh came to Composition with his Imperial Majesty's Army, and had promise to depart like Soldiers with their Amour and provision, but they were no sooner out of their Trenches and fastness, but they were taken and carried Prisoners to Prague, both the Captain and the Company, contrary to the faith proposed, and the conditions of their Promise. 2 That the Emperor's Soldiers returning from Hungary, Moravia, and Silesia, were so tattered, torn, and in a manner out of countenance, when they came to civil places, that he was compelled to take order for their new Arming and apparelling, disbursing great sums amongst them for their further satisfaction. 3 That the Emperor had new preferred Il Signeur Slwato to the Government of Moravia, who presently advertised his Majesty of the resolution of Glatz, which was, to hold it out to see the uttermost, though no succour came to them at all. 4 That hither came certain Letters out of Poland, whose originals belike were sent to his Imperial Majesty, containing thus much; that by the wisdom of the Bashaw of Aleppo, a man of great years and greater wealth, now the principal Viceer, the Government of the Turkish Empire was cast as it were in a new mould: For having wisely settled a general Peace with foreign Princes, and judiciously confirmed the government of the several Pashas, he by little and little got the upperhand of the janissaries, and did so tractate with the Chawse and Spahies that in one place or other he put 2000 janissaries to Death: For after he had politicly proclaimed them all Trators, that were consenting to the Death of Osman, and as politicly promised great rewards to the discoverers of these mutinous Soldiers, many were detected, and as many Executed: yea such was the mischief, that even poured down a tempest of destruction upon their heads, that their very Wives (a custom newly begun amongst them to marry) did detect them to the Magistrate, wherein sure the judgement of God was seen to punish such audacious impiety in any one, that durst boast they had laid violent hands on a Prince. 5 That there is newly come from Tabor 6. pieces of Ordnance, and 200. Soldiers: from Moravia 800. from Silesia 800. from Saxony 1000 with 12. pieces of Cannon more, who are presently to be sent to the siege and battery of Glatz, which is now the only Town of same, that holdeth out against this Imperial Majesty. 6 That in the Town of Glatz is the Count de thorn, and in the Fields abroad the Marquis jeggensdorp, and the old Count Thorn, who keeps as it were a running Army, whereupon the Father understanding what danger his Son must needs be in, if the Emperor proceeded so violently against the Town, caused 2000 Foot and 500 Horse of Crabuts to be put into the same, for the better defending the place, and opposing their Enemies.  
7 That the said Forces as they were Marching, encountered with many of the Emperor's Soldiers, who were coming to the Siege, and not only defeated them, but rifled their Carriages, which when the young Count thorn understood, he presently made a Salley with 200. Horse and 1500. Foot only, wherein he so prevailed, that that Quarter of the Emperor's Army was dispersed, and the Cannon clogged, and so they returned with some booty and a great deal of honour.   

From the Palatinate.  
These Letters come from Franckfort and certify thus much, that the rumour after the taking of Heidelburgh of putting all to the Sword, is not true: For the 300. English and Scots, that were in the Town had safe conduct to pass to Franckfort, where my Lord of Belfast was, and so by his directions either to go into England, or disperse themselves, as they could to other places, only they might not return to Mainhem, nor Franckendale, for fear of further trouble or resistance, if these places were so supplied: That since the taking of Heidelburgh, Leopoldus and Tilley have by a Counsel of War, resolved to make an end of the troubles in this Province, by surprising or enforcing the rest of the Towns, yet for a time they desisted from the siege of Franckendale, and set themselves down before Mainhem, as casting up this account, that if they could any way prevail here, the lesser would be more easily obtained either by surrender, or composition: When they were thus resolved, they marched forward with 12000. foot and 500 horse, which when General Vere understood, & saw plainly that mischiefs now followed one another, as the waves of the Sea, seeing he had endured so much to his eternal fame and memory, he would sure put up the rest in the account of his Honour, and bear all with patience whatsoever might chance: whereupon he sends for two Companies from Frankendale, to add some little strength to the business, which made up 8. Companies of English, besides 4000 Dutch and other Strangers, with whom he is determined to preserve the place to the last man, as long as any provision or supply will last, unless he shall receive further directions to the contrary form England. But before Mainhem was thus affrighted, Leopoldus and Tilly put in stronger Garrisons into Worms and Spiers, for fear of new revolts and hurliburlies: for they saw plainly, that the people bore a great good will to the Palatine, and would with all conveniency attend the restitution, and return of their first Lord.  
Bavaria on the other side was not so confident of his security, but that he fortified his own Towns, putting certain Cannons into Mriken, which he had taken from Amberg, and were once the Swissers, called the man and the woman, being Pieces of principal account: but when he had salved this sore of the diffidence of his own Country and people, he sent the rest of his forces to Tilly and Leopoldus, who were now marched from Heidelberg by Spiers to take in the Castle of Magdenburg which yet held out with diverse other against them, which when they perceived, and that they should be as much troubled with matters of less importance as the greater, they left that course and returned (as you have heard) toward Mainhem, where they resolve to continue, until the affairs in the Palatinate be cast in a new mould, or the Country settled to quiet: but here I cannot but remember a saying of Stephen's King of Poland: Kings may commanud bodies and lives, but not hearts and consciences: so may some other Prince presume on the Emperor's Donation of this Province, but the Inhabitants will ever love their own Prince, and burst out (no question) upon any occasion of revolt or alteration: which the Archduke Leopoldus and Bavaria knows too well; and therefore, whereas report hath been lavish, concerning Tilly's descending into Brabant: believe it, he cannot second their expectation: For Bavaria will not spare him, nor Leopoldus consent to his dimission, considering the Countries are still grudging and repining, and they must detain them within obedience by strong hand. Besides: the Winter approacheth, and the Germans expect some rest after their great toil, being ever as much encumbered with a long march, as with a furious skirmish. Therefore I conclude this point, there is no fear of Tilly's coming into Brabant, or joining with Spinola.   

From Spain.  
The Letters from Spain have great variety in them, and have written into Italy concerning some things done in England; but because I will meddle with nothing but justifiable actions, I will also tell you of nothing, but shall be befitting for any auditory; the particulars than may be thus welcomed.  
First, that the business of the Valtoline supposed to raise a war and disturbance in Italy, is overpassed, from the King's resolution to have the Country at his command: and whereas the French King by his Ambassador made intercession for the appeasing of the troubles, especially that it would please his Catholic Majesty to forbear their disturbance, and give way, that his great Fort might be demolished according to a former treaty by his Ambassador Monsieur Bassompier with Philip 3. it pleased his Catholic Majesty to answer in this manner to the French Ambassador, that he should advertise his King by Letters to appease the troubles of his own Kingdom, and seek the quietting of those tumults, before he intermeddled with other Prince's affairs: and therefore not to take further care, but leave the disposing of this war to the Catholic Majesty and his Counsel.  
Secondly, they write, that Don Pietro de Lieva being dead, the Duke of Ferandina is made General of the Galleys of Spain. Don Diego Pimentelli Commander of those of Naples and Don Octavio de Arragon, Governor of those of Sicila.  
Thirdly, that the Duke of Ossuna hath the liberty of the prison, yet under guard, so that his wife, children, and friends may come and see him.  
Fourthly, that the Duke of Alva is created a Counsellor of State, and shall presently depart from Italy into Spain.  
Fiftly, that the Prince of Ascoli hath an augmentation of 500 crowns a month, and is returning into Spain either from Naples or Milan.  
Sixthly, that in Italy diverse Bishops and Lords were newly dead, by name Monsieur Marcabrano, the Bishop of Torcona in Tuscan. Richardor Piavan the Rector of St. Nicolay: the great Master of Rwenna john Dominico Inquisitor General of that City, of 77. years' age, and continuing in that government 22. years.  
Seventhly: Last of all, that in the midday in Venice of late arose so great a tempest of wind with such horrible and fearful whistlings, that many Boats were split and drowned, many trees overthrown, many men destroyed on the water, and diverse other stupendeous mischies chanced, especially the hurrying of the Priest of St. Vidal from the Port of the Palace to the pillar (or very near) of Angelo di Angoli: so that he was carried home to his bed all bruised and battered.   

From France.  
The Letters of France come from diverse places, as either the wars are prosecuted, or the King in person visits the Provinces and Cities: as they write from Lions, that the King took in all the Towns as he went round about Montpelier, but when he came thither, it seemed as a dam to an inundation, & so he was stopped a while, and enforced to tractate about conditions, demanding 200000. Florins, and the raising of a Citadel for the commanding of the Town, which being denied, though that Madam d'Agusta came under hostages to capitulate the matter: the King much incensed, commanded a general assault, wherein failing, he returned to Lions with great loss, and greater discontentment.  
From Rochel the Letters give us to understand, that the Count Soysons, General of the King's Army in those parts, consisting of above 6000. hath lost most part of the same this Summer, lying before it, without performing any great piece of service against it: whereupon the King is enforced to raise a new supply out of Poiteer, Gascoine, and Angolesme, to the number of 6000. more, who are already marched to maintain the said Camp, but they have prevailed little or nothing: For the Rochellers pass and repass to and fro at pleasure, yea, day by day skirmish with them, killing thirty or forty at a time, and taking diverse prisoners.  
Besides, though as yet their approaches are far off, yet the Ordnance from the Town, shooting at random, kill many of them in the fields, so that they wonder, what the King means to do, that he proceedeth not more orderly in the business, then to come only with such a handful of men, and they to lie so far off, without endamaging them. As for the blocking up their haven, or intercepting their outroads by Sea, true it is, that many Ships and Galleys from Bordeaux, Marselles, and other places, lie before their haven, to intercept their passages, but to so little purpose, that the Ships of the Town have this Summer taken above a hundred Barks and Ships, loaden with Salt, Corn, and other provision, so that Corn is better cheap in Rochel, then in any part of France or England, yea, these Ships lie in harbour for want of men to manage them, or Merchants to buy them, that they know not what use to put them unto, except burning, unless their troubles end, or that they may certify the Hollanders, what good pennyworth may be had in marchandizing for them, and this they resolve to put in practice by public Proclamation in such Cities, as they can conveniently send unto. Other Letters from hence assure us, that they have of their own fourscore men of War, well provided, and manned, who have at the least this four months given attendance on the King's Armado, and Galleys, but still they take the Sea and fly from them, as belike loath to hazard themselves with resolute men, and desperate persons: but in truth, the Galleys are not for these great Seas now Winter is approaching, and therefore they are retired to Breast in Britain, and there determine, either to watch for Subiss, as he cometh home out of England, or take opportunity by her hairy foretop to set upon the Town, or the haven at advantage, etc.  
From Paris they write, that both the Queens are at Lions, whether the King means to come and feast with them, for which purpose many Ambassadors repair thither, and expect him daily, to whom at last, after great loss at Mompelier, he comes: yet some say, he went to avignon, sending an Ambassador to his Holiness, to allow him that Town for his retiring unto, until he had either expelled the Hugonits, or Heretics, according to the jesuits phrase, or compounded the War upon honourable conditions for his Greatness.  
But notwithstanding these affrightings of his Country, and threatening his people, while he was in Lions he left the Constable Desquiers with his whole Army before Mompelier, and if need were, to go also to Montalbon, yea, he was Commissioned, and had full power to treat with the Duke de Rohan about a Peace, or fair conditions of atonement, so it might be effected to his Majesty's honour, and the dignity of the Commonwealth: the place appointed was named Arles in Provence, whether it should be lawful for all the Commissioners to resort under safe conduct, and the royal word of the most Christian King, which concluded, he went to avignon; but such is the chance of War, and the condition of Princes themselves, to be subject to misfortunes, that while he resided in those parts, Monsieur de Rohan, with the Garrison of Pismes, Montalbon, and other Towns of the Religion, having united themselves, marched a whole night, and came with such speediness, and courage to Mompelier, that early in the morning they assaulted the King's Army, and so continued fight till noon, which when they of the Town perceived, they made three several Sallies at the several ports of the same, so that the King's Army was set upon both behind and before, and the success thrived so well, that a great slaughter followed, and the whole Army was routed, so that if you would have particulars, they say, there perished four thousand at the least, some Ordnance surprised, six pieces of Cannon clogged▪ the Popes Nuncio and his letters intercepted, and in a word, the whole Army much dissipated.  
From Sedan the Letters certify thus much, that it is true, that Mansfeild left most of his Carriages behind, and six Pieces of Cannon, yea, the Duke of Boulogne did also cast down the mount before the Town, but with no intent, either to oppose his Majesty, maintain any rebellion, or support the Protestants themselves in any violence against their King: but merely to stand upon his guard, lest such as durst inform against him, might also procure his destruction by violent courses, and force of arms.  
Besides, a Prince in distress, his kinsman, and a maintainer of the Gospel of jesus Christ was come, as it were, under his roof, and therefore the Law of Hospitality, Religion, and honesty, tied him to observation, and took him out a lesson of care and regard both to see himself, and defend him, if need were against his enemies.  
In this manner as they will have it, the Duke of Boulogne justified himself, and the King was contented to be pacified, and admit of the atonement, so that like a Noble Prince indeed, this effect followed, that the Duke was received into favour; that the King of Bohemia might pass and repass at his pleasure; that the Duke de Navers made a Retreat with his Army, commanding the chiefest to retire to their own houses, and sending the rest to attend the King, where he should appoint.  
From Provence, Delphinate, and those parts, they assure us, that the Congregations of the Protestants met daily with the reformed Ministers, and continued the exercises of fasting and prayer, for the good success of their brethren, and sent one another reciprocal comforts, and gratifications, as far as they could, or durst: yea, when they found dispersed Libels, and invectives, as though their ruin were threatened by Massacres, or other ways of circumventing, they sent them to the new Constable, & entreated him for prevention, that although his honour was engaged to the King's service, yet his soul was in the hands of God, who would limit his actions to the sparing of blood, and destroying of innocents.  
To this they added certain points of justification, and discoveries of the Jesuits doctrine, and cruel intents, to keep France in an uproar, and combustion, not for the love of Religion, which was none at all: but for political purposes, which time would bring to light. All which Lesdesquiers showed to the King, and in such humble manner, that he took pleasure in his conference, so that there is some hope, he will be more tractable, and look upon dilacerated France, with the eyes of judgement and compassion.   

From the Low-Countries.  
There are so many Letters from the several parts of the Low-Countries, and so much contradiction, as men on either side favour the cause, that I know not how to satisfy the Reader: yet considering there is but one truth, and to be honest in a plain enarration of the same, is allowable, therefore as near as I can, I will relate, what is most probable and worthy of your acceptation.  
Know then, that the East India Company of Amsterdam have taken a great Caricke from the Portingalls, supposed worth a million of Crowns; for therein is much gold, and rich Commodities, but neither the honour, nor profit of this exploit doth belong to them alone: for they had the help of the English, with whom they seem now better to agree, then in times past. They are also building diverse men of War, and almost in every Maritime Town of Holland, the Shipwrights are at work; For the States are resolved to man and set out sundry Vessels, as well to watch Dunkirk, as defend Sluice; but of late Sluice hath better confidence, that the enemy will not attempt her expugnation.  
From Brussels the Letters certify, that the Marquis Spinola, lying before Bergen, resolved upon some Stratagem, as disappointed in the attempts, which he had made by force, and several assaults, therefore he gathered together diverse thousand loads of Casshes, or long Fagotts, either to damn up the River, or to make some Mounts, whereby he might neighbour their Trenches, and so annoy their Courts of guard, but as you shall hear, he failed in this likewise.  
From the Hage, the last letters assure us of a Dutch man of War, to encounter with a well loaden vessel of Spain, going to Dunkirk with much provision for the Army, but after a long fight, she was taken, and brought to Amsterdam, from whence by turns, and in their several watches, diverse ships took the narrow Seas, to attend their enemies, especially, the Dunkirkers, amongst whom some three or four lighted upon a great ship, called one of the twelve Apostles, and built in Dunkircke, who being now at sea, and lying at advantage to catch the Hollanders, as they for them, was at last set upon by them, and chased some five or six hours, even to the Coast of England: but when she saw that her under-greatnesse as being five hundred ton, hindered her from sailing, and that to fight it out, would return to her damage, and to be taken, to her great dishonour: she first blew up her decks, and so thought to set herself on fire, which when the Hollanders perceived, they made haste to board her, and she made as much haste to be delivered from them: but such was the fortune of either, that she presently sunk before their faces, and so that fight ended: But concerning the Land-businesse; after his Excellency was resolved to do something, he mustered his whole Army; that is to say, his own, Count mansfield's, and the Duke of Brunswick, who was returned for all his wound unto them again. By whom, and a Council of war, it was thus determined; that if they did rise at all, that they would order the business in this manner: To divide each Nation by themselves, and so the Germans, English, Scots, French, Dutch, and Walloons, might march with their several colours, to be distinguished apart: the gross sum, or if you will, the whole body of the Army, consisting of eighteen thousand foot, and eight thousand horse, which were also to be divided into two parts; five thousand horse, and eight thousand foot to be left with Mansfield and Brunswick, to remain on the North-side of Bergen, where Spinola lay about Steen Bergen: the other three thousand horse, and ten thousand foot, he would take with himself, and encamped between Antwerp and Bergen, compassing in the Fort of Lillo with his trenches, by which division of his Army, he determined to intercept all succours and relief, as well of victual, as supply of men, which might come to Spinolas Camp on either side. Likewise, he also provided three hundred Boats by water, with four thousand Mariners, well armed, and of great experience: but what his design is unknown; unless to watch the Scheld, a river coming from Antwerp, or terrify that town, which is not only afraid of a siege, but in a manner in an uproar, even murmuring against Spinola, for sending so many hurt Captains, and Gentlemen, and dead bodies unto them to be buried: and when they heard how many were buried, and unburied in the Camp, they lamented outright, and complained much on that disastrous enterprise. But this determination, as you shall hear, was not put in practice: For the States came to Dort, and protracted this rising of the Prince of Orange, whereby Spinola had time to prevent the mischief.  
Mansfield and Brunswick yet began their business very prosperously: for, they supprised the Villages, where Spinola laid in his provision, whereby he was much disppointed and appalled: then they came nearer and nearer to Bergen, and put him as it were out of all hope of receiving any further supply: For although Grave Henry Vanderbergh was on foot, and come down from weasel with 6000. foot, and 1500. Horse, who lay about Horstrat, within ten miles of Mansfield; yet there was great doubt of his weakness to do any good upon him, or clear the passage, considering now he was so well appointed. But the truth is, the Prince of Orange had left Grave Henry of Nassau in those Quarters, to watch his proceedings, and to attend his progress, which way soever he took. And in this perplexity stands the whole Country, and these Enemies continue watching one another, as a Hawk hovereth over her prey; so that nothing is to be expected but blood and death, war and confusion, unless the God of mercy either take pity upon them, or will have a punishment light upon some offenders.  
Besides all this, Count Ernestus of Nassau Governor of Freesland for the States, is come down to Emricke with 5000 Foot, and 1000 Horse, to intercept the forwardness of the Baron of Hanow, who is marching with 4000 Cossackes, & certain Dutch Horse, under the pay and entertainment of the Bishop of Cullen. The Cossackes they will have those which the Duke of Bavaria either spared or cashiered in the Palatinate: but it should seem, they dare not encounter with Ernestus, neither in skirmish nor battle. For as yet they only run up and down spoiling and foraging the Country without any settled resolution to assault the Enemy.   

From Bergen.  
THE last Letters were altogether about a Mine, or if you will, two Ours; the one made out of the Ravelin into Spinolas Camp, which blew up the mount, that so annoyed their Courts of guard, to which was added (after the blow was past) a sally from the town, wherein many of the contrary side were slain: the other was attempted by Spinola himself against the town, wherein he had laboured above five weeks with excessive pains, and charges, they will have it so great and effectual, that if it had taken, it would not only have given him entrance into the Ravelings, but blown up a great part of the wall, whereby it doth appear, that they were almost in despair of taking the town any other way then by a Stratagem, which is the last act of the Tragedy of war, and doth commonly bring with it all rerror and confusion: But the God of mercy, who stayeth the rages of men, and withholdeth the fury of bloody Soldiers, prevented this likewise; and it proved like Perillus' Bull, to the deviser; for they within Bergen, as cautelous, and every way as resolute as themselves, countermined and stopped them as it were in the midst, before they had placed any powder: only they had brought certain barrels to the mouth of the Mine, which upon the alarm of the enemies being in the earth, were at last by the hasty coming in of the Soldiers, set on fire, so that the blow was so violent and impetuous, that in a moment it destroyed above 1200 persons which was both lamentable and fearful for the time.  
But see the misery of war, and the dangers and turmoils this occupation is accompanied with; no sooner was this smoke as it were overblown, but they of the town made a sally, and were so glorious in their forwardness even far into the Camp, that besides the slaughter of many Soldiers, they killed 40. principal officers, and commanders, amongst whom the brother of the Duke of Ascot was shot in the cheeks, so that the bones were broken, and the bullet made his way by sliding by, not killing him out right.  
In this sally many of the Earl of Argiles, and the Lord Vaux his Regiment were slain; but there was a commandment presently, that all should be kept from the knowledge of the other side of the Camp, especially that they in Antwerp took no notice of the same, lest the Soldiers might be altogether discouraged, and the town distracted, who were more and more in continual fears: yet it ended not thus neither; for the great General Spinola was so incensed with this disastrous chance, that he not only laid the blame of the misfortune on the ignorance or hastiness of the principal engineer, but presently commanded him to be hanged up, notwithstanding he had performed his endeavour, and had formerly been a well deserver.  
Now you must consider, that all this business and hurliburly was done and overpassed before the rumour was that the Prince of Orange raised himself, and brought his armies to Spinolas quarters, or if you will, by way of interception to lie beweene them and such places, as were appointed to supply the wants of the Campe.  
But now that it was suspected that Mansfield was come and Brunswick in the field, the Soldiers incensed, and every one ready to play their part, Spinola knew not what to say, or to do, considering the martial court dibated the particulars of the business in this manner:  
First, that whereas they expected the coming down of Mounseur Tilley out of the Palatinate, the Letters came to Brussels to the contrary, that considering they intended the siege of Manheim, and that many towns in the Bishopric of Spiers and Worms, would not yield to Leopoldus, he could not be spared; beside; the Germans were loath (winter coming on) to take so long a journey, after their great toil, but cried out already for rest, and a Garrison.  
Secondly, that the town of Antwerp, from whence they had their greatest supplement, was almost weary of the war, and began to find fault with the enterprise, either that Spinola had overprized himself in a presumptuous resolution to get the town, or undervalued the States, as weak and unable to resist the forces; or was not well informed of the strength and situation of the place.  
Thirdly, that the slaughters were so great of his armies, and decay of his soldiers, that although it might be passed over with the chance of war, and malignity of circumstances, yet time would consume them more and more; and which way could the wit of man invent how other Soldiers should come forward, as their enemies lay to affront them.  
Fourthly, that the wants of the Camp were intolerable, as enduring famine, and cold, even to the eating of horses, yea many other inconveniences which must needs be aggravated and increased both with the time, and diverse other circumstances, wherein they saw no prevension, as the case now stood.  
Last of all, that if the State's armies were raised, then would the Prince of Orange lie on one side, and Count Mansfield on the other, who meant not to fight with them but when they list, and then upon great advantage, but were sure to consume them, and weary them out, or torment them with daily eruptions and encumbrances, and that without any manner of prevention.  
All which considered, the Council thought it meet by one means or other to raise the siege, and rather save the lives of so many brave men, who might in some other project, and at some other time recover this loss, and reintegrate their fortunes; then to endure a certain destruction, and irrecoverable wretchedness; and although the marquis Spinola objected, that his honour was so far engaged, that he had rather perish in the misfortune, then endure the indignity of being thus disappointed; yet they answered, necessity was a commanding mistress, and there was no withstanding of Fate and Destiny, yea there was judgement and reason in enduring some inconveniences, rather than a mischief or assured destruction.  
As for the honour he enterposed, what was it more to him, then to the former Duke of Parma, who had raised his siege in the same place, after he had lain there with 32000. men almost half a year: yea the great Turk went from Vienna and Malta, disappointed; and diverse other Princes have been enforced to cast up another account with the disposing of a higher power, than their own presumptions at the beginning: whereupon when he saw there was no remedy, he with much ado condescended to their importunities, and so taking the advantage of a dark night, raised his camp indeed very covertly, the particulars you shall now know more at large.    

THE MANNER OF The raising of the Siege of BERGEN  
WHereas a little before, the Letters make mention, that his Excellency the Prince of Orange, with Count Mansfield, the Duke of Brunswick, and their Forces had a purpose to divide themselves and block up Spinola in his Trenches, and as it were set down the manner of their marches, if they should ●ise indeed, and how they would quarter themselves: the truth is, they did only capitulate the matter, but not put it in execution, as either prevented by Spinola's covert escape, or the advice of the States, who they say came to Dort for the same purpose, and to whom his Excellency with some special Commanders resorted  
But this was not so effectually done, but that Her Highness at Brussels had notice of the same just in a manner at the same time as Letters came from Bavaria, that Mounseur Tilly could not be spared out of the Palatinate: Whereupon, when she considered the danger eminent and imminent, and in what peril her whole Army stood, (besides the infinite inconveniences it was subject unto, as you have heard) if the Prince of Orange should come one way with his Forces, and Count Mansfield the Duke of Brunswick another way with their Armies, she very considerately advised the Marquis Spinola, by speedy messengers and several Letters to raise his siege, and follow the Law of Nature, which teacheth all her Creatures the means of preservation.  
Whereupon, both this Imposition and the necessity of the business, with other malignant circumstances, led him out of the wild fields of peremptoriness and presumption, into the orderly bounds of safety and security; so that he lay in wait for an opportunity to pass quietly without interception; which (as it should seem) he effected in this manner: When he perceived that his Excellency did not rise, or was not ready, on Sunday our 22 of September he made a fair show of his Army before the outworks of the Town, both Horse and Foot, yet somewhat more remote than he was accustomed when he determined any Onset: whereby, as it appeared afterward, his whole camp was blinded from the discovery of the Courts of Guard, and the Town, who prepared to defend themselves, and thought upon nothing less than an escape.  
This done, by twilight his Carriages were ready, which still kept the left hand of the march; within them went the Ordnance which he meant to convey with the Army, and here attended the pioneers, the Camp-followers, and all such unnecessary people, as belongs to such a business. When they were ready, and the scouts brought word the coast was clear; for all it seemed a windy and duskish night, he seemed to welcome the opportunity, and set forward the munition with great silence, and taciturnity, allowing them a sufficient convoy of horse, and the pioneers convenient arms for their purpose: they marched very near six hours before he stirred, coming close by the wet ground, and drowned land, on the east side of Bergen, where as they say they met with Gonzales de Cordua, and that other part of his Army, which lay between Antwerp and Bergen: Thus they go on, and before noon the next day came within six English mile of Antwerp, having spent above eighteen hours in the travel.  
By that time the Army was thus rid of her encumbrances, and all this while heard not of an enemy, and that the great General conceived they had overgone their affrightings between midnight and one a clock in the morning, the horseboys and certain men appointed of purpose, set fire on all their quarters, and burned those things which were left, which made so great a smoke and smother for the time, that nothing was perceived till the Army was very forward, and then the fire had overgone the moisture, making all things combustible, so that the flame showed the glory of her brightness, and the neighbour places said apparently, he was departed: this was the light that appeared in Zealand, so that the pinks and passengers in the sea, without searching further after particulars, only conjectured the siege was raised, and so gave it forth accordingly.  
To this, may be added, that of a hundred pieces of ordnance, he carried away but 30, and what is become of the rest, time will discover, those which he saved, are now brought to Antwerp: beside they say, that having many wounded and diseased people, he provided for all manner of nations, but Scots and English, whom he left to the fury of the fire, and terror of extremity, but that some recovered and creeped as it were to the town, where they found a sanctuary contrary to expectation, and the town heard strange things of them, not to be believed in the report. Last of all they relate, he was not fully 18000 horse and foot: for having lost very near 10000 by one means or other, it was a good account to bring his Items to such a reckoning; and thus much for the rising of the marquis Spinola before Bergen. The next thing (as I suppose) will be the searches of his Camp place, the demolishing of his mounts, and fortifications, the refreshing of the town, the repairing of the decayed places, the watching of the Enemy's actions, the mustering of new forces, the providing of munition, and if the winter make much haste, the Garisoning of soldiers on all sides; but as yet the eyes of jealousy are in every corner, and therefore I believe they will be sure of spinola's settling his Army, before the States remove theirs.   

A true Relation of the cruel Execution done in Ommelberg, a Town in the Bishopric of Mentz upon the persons of two Ministers, or Preachers of the Gospel, by the instigation of the JESVITES.  
Hereunto is annexed, in what manner Count Henry of Nassaw hath taken about VENLO in Gelderland, 400. Wagons loaden with certain bags with Gold, besides ammunition, victuals, and baggage, which were with a Convoy going to the Camp of Count Henry of the Bergh.  
IT is manifestly known to all the world, that hatred, envy, and dissension reign mightily now adays: The son is against the father, and the sister against the brother, and in general we are so exasperated one against another, that if we could drown one another in a spoon with water, we would not fetch a pail, as partly appeareth by this present example. johannes vander Veeck and Lambertus Liber, being two Protestant Preachers, and having disputed against certain Priests at Kruysganck, the Jesuits caused them to be apprehended, and afterwards most cruelly to be executed within the Town of Vmmelberg, the 30. of August 1622. where the Hangman with red hot pinsers pulled the flesh from their bones, (so that a heart made of stone would have taken compassion of them) and put them to death with great martyrisation. But they have suffered it patiently, as a sheep that is brought to the slaughter-house. But three days after the same, one of the Jesuits, called Pater or Father john, aged 96. years, was taken about 12. a clock from his Table, and was never seen afterwards: wherein surely God had a hand. Therefore let us pray unto God that he will not judge us according to our deserts, but grant us the everlasting salvation.  
COunt Henry of Nassaw being advised that a Convoy was to be sent to Count Henry Van de Berg, with 400. Wagons, which were loaden with money, ammunition, victuals, and other necessaries: He took with him 1000 musketeers and 5. Cornet of horse, to wait upon them; and about Venlo he dispersed and slew the same Convoy, (whereof some retired to Venlo, Remunde, and Naseijcke) and took the said Wagons with their loading aforesaid. We lost not above 12. men, which were partly hurt and partly slain. Whereby we may see how miraculously God works in our behalf, and to the preservation of our and the neighbouring Countries, to whom we are therefore bound to give thanks, and to mend our sinful lives, leaving all pride and bitterness, so that we may live in peace and amity, and receive God's benediction and grace, avoiding the punishments which ten thousand times we have deserved. Therefore let us pray the Almighty, that he will forgive us our sins, and assist us with his mercy, that we may once be delivered of all Tyrannies, and cruel Wars: Which God grant through his infinite mercy. AMEN.  
FINIS.