engraved title page  royal blazon or coat of arms HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE DIEV ET MON DROIT 
SPECULUM BRITANNIAE.  
The first part  
An historical, & chorographical description of Middlesex. Wherein are also alphabetically set down, the names of the cities, towns, parishes hamletes, houses of name etc. With. direction speedily to find any place desired in the map & the distance between place and place Without compasses.  
CUM PRIVILEGIO  
BY THE TRAVAIL AND VIEW OF john Norden Anno 1593.    

TO THE HIGH, AND MOST MIGHTY EMPRESS, ELIZABETH, BY THE DIVINE PROVIDENCE, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND, POWERFUL PROTECTOR OF THE FAITH, AND undoubted RELIGION OF THE MESSIAH, THE MOST COMFORTABLE NURSING MOTHER OF THE ISRAEL OF GOD, IN THE BRITISH ISLES.  
HER HIGHNESS LOYAL SUBJECT JOHN NORDEN, IN ALL HUMILITY, CONSECRATETH HIS SPECULUM BRITANNIAE.   

 royal blazon or coat of arms 
E R  HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE SEMPER EADEM   

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR WILLIAM CECIL KNIGHT, LORD BURGHLEY, Lordhigh Treasurer of England, and of her majesties most Honourable privy Counsel.  
Having by your Honourable mean (my good Lord) obtained, at the hands of my sacred SOVEREIGN, gracious pass, & privilege, for mine intended labours, the description of famous ENGLAND. I cannot but, in duty, render unto your Honour, condign thanks, and withal diligence, and dutiful endeavour, proceed therein: hoping, that although (in regard of my long sickness & other impediments) this beginning carry not so absolute perfection, as in your wisdom may be required: yet may I enjoy your patiented directions, and gracious assistance, I shall effect the residue more fully to answer Honourable expectation.  
Your Honours in all duty, IO. NORDEN   

TO THE CONSIDERATION OF THE HONOURABLE, WISE, AND LEARNED.  
ALthough I cannot but confess that I am the unwoorthiest of many in this land, (and especially in these days of surpassing knowledge) to undertake (after other far more deserving) so commendable a labour: which requireth art, industry, learning, countenance, and charge, wherewith I am not so fully furnished as some other. Yet it may please you (in favour) to accept of my willingness, and bear with my wants: And the rather for that it hath been held heretofore an excuse (in courtesy) Velle bene, though in this age (more ripe in experience) is expected, Optimè perficere: which neither, altogether escapeth without emulation: I, as overcome with a desire to take pains to profit my Country, rest undoubtful, that the wise, and learned, will not only tolerate, but in favour accept this simple beginning.  
The fruits of my travel tend not alone to myself in private, but to the public ease of many. In am whereof, my hope and desire is, that he that can reprove, will friendly reform what he findeth justly faulty. So shall my proceed grow to more perfection: and I by all endeavour will seek to accomplish what may answer discreet affections.  
Nihil ubique placet. IO. NORDEN.   

Advertisements touching the use of this labour.  
IT is to be noted, that for your ease I have in the list of the Map of the Shire, set down certain divisions, letters, and figures: the divisions are in steed of a scale of the miles, the lesser containing one, the greater two miles. The letters and figures serve for the present finding of any place desired in the Map, which places are found in the Alphabet with the letter and figure that direct to the place desired. A matter of so great facility as needeth no example.  
He that desireth to know the distance between places in the Map without compasses, the use of the crossing lines, which serve for a universal scale through the Map, answereth his desire.  
Whereas in the collection of the Alphabetical table, there are here and there dispersed houses of Nobility & Gentry. I crave favourable consideration, though I have not so narrowly acquired their interests, as that may assure me, that they be all the true ownoures in fee, of the places which they are resident in, which thing to observe; as it doth not merely appertain to my purpose, So were it a matter intricate, and the more, for that information (often uncertain) must be of necessity, the chiefest guide therein. Such therefore as I conceive most doubtful for want of certain certificate, I have noted with two stars thus, **.  
Also in this commencement of my travails, I have observed certain funeral monuments with the arms (if any thereon rest undefaced) which if it may be favourably conceived, I shall with more diligence observe the like hereafter, whereby may be preserved in perpetual memory, that which time may deface, and swallow up in oblivion. Also by this observation, many may be certified of the places where their ancestors and allies are interred, and by the coats find out their unknown kindred.  
Negotium ex negotio seritur. JOHN NORDEN.   

Io. Nordenivale, ad primam partem sui SPECULI BRITANNIAE.  
VAde liber Speculi caput es, tua membra sequentur,  
ELISABETHA potens, arxque patrona tua est.  
Quid si in te domin úmque tuum ruet invidus audax?  
Tu dominúsque tuus, tutus inermis eris.  
Ito foràs, valeásque liber, te forte sagaces  
Incultum voluant: caetera culta forent,  
Ibis in orb gerens, quamuis tua fata libelle,  
Ardua principio, spes meliora canit.  
ELISABETHA valens, altissima, maxima, firma,  
Auxilium, quandò, sceva procella venit.  
Haec tibi conductum, non te pericula tangunt,  
Digna patrona illa est, spesque, salusque tua.   

The Saxon Alphabet.  
A b c d E f g H i k l M n o p q r S s t u ƿ X x y  
a A b b c c d d e e f f g g h h i i k k l l m m n n o o p p q q r r S S s s t t u u w w X X x x y y  
A Æ ae ae Th Ð th' ð th' þ and & that ꝧ   

A BRIEF DECLARATION OF THE TITLES, INHABITANTS, DIVISIONS, AND SCITVATION OF ENGLAND or BRITANNIA maior: a necessary introduction to our Speculum Britanniae.  
NOtwithstanding it resteth uncertain, how, when, and by whom, this our BRITANNIA was first peopled, yet to satisfy such as expect the judgements, and opinions of some ancient writers concerning the same: 
Berosus in Chald. an't. Annius in Beros. Caesar. Com.  I think it not impertinent to scite the affirmation of 
* Some suspect that the history of Berosus, was but counterfeit, falsely fathered upon hu name, & therefore held of no great authority.  Berosus, who saith that Samothes called also Mesech, brother to Gomer and Tubal, called also Dis, the sixth son of japhet, the son of Noah, came into this land about 252. years after the flood: who called it Samothea, 3593. years past: in which name it continued until Albion, the son of Neptune, (who descended of Cham) entered the same, and changed the name of Samothea into ALBION. This Albìon reigned about 562. 
Ringman. in des Europae.  years after the flood: in the year of the world's creation 2219. 3340. years since. Pliny calleth it ALVION. Ptolomey 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
Strabo Munster, and others, 
Munst. Cosm.  will have it ALBION ab albis rupibus, of the white sea clives, which are in the south coast of the land:  
Some others will have it come of the Greek word Olbion, 
Olbion. Cowp. in Dict.  which signifieth felix happy, in regard of their happiness belike that first achieved it. So doth Strabo call Albania, 
Strabo lib. 4.  wherein he placeth the people Caucasiae: felicem habitatu regionem, a happy country to dwell in. So is Gothia in the country language ierra bona, a good country. Some will have it ALBION of Albina Dioclesian's daughter, which hath no próbabilitie. 
Caxton.   
It continued in the name of ALBION 608. years, until Brytus or Brutus julius, arrival, who conquered the same about the year of the worlds creation 2828. 2734. 
Brutus' arrival. Galf. Monum. Bale Cent. 1.  This Brute changed the name of ALBION into BRYTANE, and the people Albionds into Britan's; or after some BRUTAYNE of the same Brute ●y, being turned into v.  
Some will have it BRITANNIA of Brytona a nymph of Greece: 
Britanniae.  others rather hold that it should take that name of a separation, as M. 
Twinus in Com.  Twine in his Commentaries, who saith, Britannia is so called, for that it is Locus divorsio separatus ab eo cui adhaeserat: a place severed from another whereunto it was annexed: and the more to fortify his reason, he conjectureth that this Britannia (now an apparent Island) was sometime Peninsula annexed unto the main of France; which no doubt is true, but not since the general inundation, (by probability) whereby infinite channels were eaten in the earth, with the rage of so violent a flood, and consequently many Islands dispersed as we see in the main Ocean, and middle earth seas: for surely if it had been Peninsula, or Isthmus since the flood, 
Pliny.  Pliny who lived near 1500. years before M. Twine would have as well mentioned such a conjunction, as that part of the sea which runneth between England and calais, which he calleth Mare Gessoriacum, 
Mare Gessoriacum.  and which Ptolomey calleth Oceanus Britannicus. But it seemeth that M. Twine standeth upon the opinion of Antonius Volscus a Poet, who dreameth of a passage five miles in breadth between England and France: from whom also Servius Honoratus seemeth to say, 
Servius Honoratus.  that BRITANNIA was Olim juncta continenti, our Britain was joined to the main continent: which secrets pass our apprehension.  
Sir Thomas Eliot will have Britannia to be Pritania: Humphrey Lloyd also seemeth to say it should be Prid-caine which signifieth beautiful or white of colour, 
S. Th. Eliot. Humf. Lloyde.  though the c be omitted for more easier pronunciation, which maketh it Pridaine.  
Again, some will have it come of Birth a british word, which signifieth painted, which conjecture I take to come of Caesar's words, where he saith, 
Caesar Com. lib. 4.  Omnes Britanni glasto se inficiunt, all the Brytons besmere themselves, and stain their bodies with oade: of which word Birth and tania a Greek word which signifieth Regnum a kingdom, it is supposed to be aptly called Brithtania, the country or kingdom of the Brithtons or depainted people.  
Goropius Becanus seemeth to hold another opinion, that it should be Bridania, 
Goropius Becanus. M. Camden.  whereof M. Camden maketh construction, that Bri in Bridania should be free, and so to make it Fredania, or Free-denmarke.  
Thus is our Britannia forced to sustain sundry titles under one truth, 
The several titles of Britain.  as Brytannia, Pritania, Prid-caine or Pridayne, Brithtania, Brutania, Bridania, and such like: according to as many sundry men's conceits. But were not Brute so generally rejected in these our days, I could very easily be drawn to assure me that it might be most truly Brutania of Brute the supposed conqueror, and that Greek word tania a kingdom, though Brute were no Greek, yet might he fitly conjoin this word tania unto his name Brute, and so conclude it Brutania, 
Brutania.  Bruti regnum, the kingdom of Brute, u being now turned into i, as in other words, Pessumus is now written Pessimus, so are many other Latin words. Many of late years reject the history of Brute, among others, an Abbot sometime of S. Albon, john of Wheathamsted, 
Io. de Wheathampst.  who wrote about the year of Christ, 1443. who saith plainly, that Totus processus de Bruto illo, est Poeticus, potius quam historicus: The whole matter of that Brute is Poetical, (fabulous) rather than a true history. This author living of late days affordeth reproof of the most ancient. But what antiquity hath left, and we by tradition have received, Ipse sciolus, dare not absolutely deny, upon any man's bare conjecture.  
It is at this day called ENGLAND, Anglorum terra, 
England.  the land of Angles, or Englishmen, the Latins call it Anglia, and the French Angle terre.  
The Angli or Englishmen inhabited part of Germany whom (as I take it) Ptolomey calleth Angili: 
Angili. Ptolomey.  and placeth them between the Casuari, & the Chemae, near the river Visurgis, now Weser, in that country which is now Westphalia: 
Caes. Com.  who (as Caesar saith) Praedae ac belli inferendi causa, ex Belgis transierunt, came out of Belgia the low Countries, to seek relief, and to war with the Britons: invading most especially that part of the land which borders upon the south east, or german sea, as Kent, Sussex, & Essex. 
Beda.  The Angles or Englishmen inhabited Cambridgeshire, Isle of Elie, Norfolk and Suffolk; all which was called Eastanglia, and the people East Angles, The Saxons which came also with the Angles were dispersed and seated in other quarters of the land, as by the division, and Heptarchy it will appear.  
The Saxons and Angles drove the Britons into Wales, 
Aun. dom. 620.  and Cornwall, and other places of refuge. And Egbert king of the west Saxons became sole Monarch of the whole land, and called the same England, of that part of Germany whereof he was, wherein the Angili or Angles inhabited.  
Some other will have it England of Anglia, 
Anglia.  the name of a Queen, sometime of this Country. But what, whence, or when she was they seem not to report.  
Others will have it Anglia, scytuate as it were in Angulo in a corner, or newke by itself. Which opinion is not altogether to be rejected, for that julius Solinus saith, 
julius Solinus.  that the sea coast of Gallia had been the end of the world, but that the Isle of Britain, (which standeth alone as it were in an angle) for the largeness thereof, deserveth the name of another world, being separated from the rest of the earth, as Virgil saith, Penitus toto divisos orb Britannos. josephus in the oration of king Agrippa saith, 
Ios. lib. 2. cap. 26, bell. jud.  The Romans' sought another world, beyond the great Ocean, sending their hosts into Britain. And Aegispus saith, The Romans' by strength got another world beyond the Ocean in Britain far from them. 
Allgis. lib. 2. de excid. Hier. Ant. Volsc.  Antonius Volscus affirmeth, Peloponesum to be Vltìmum orbem, Brìtannìam verò alterum orbem: So that it may be said it standeth in Angulo, yet it seemeth not thereof to be called Anglia.  
This our famous BRITANNIA (of itself another world) for the firtilitie and pleasantness thereof, hath been sought for, conquered, and inhabited of many sundry nations.  
The first as some dream were Aborigines such people as the earth itself, 
Aborigines.  without humane propagation brought forth: who belike follow Ovid, 
Ovid metamor.  who saith, Caetera diversis tellus animalia formis. sponte suo peperit, etc. But to say that men should spring of the earth since Adam disagreeth from the word of God, whereby we learn that God created them male and female, to increase & multiply, & to govern all other earthly creatures. There were a people in Italy, 
Aborigines in Italy.  and they of very great antiquity: yet not begotten or sprung of the earth, but because they were Vagi, and Sine laribus, wanderers upon the earth without house or home, void of all civility; & because they were unknown from whom they descended, they were accounted Nullorum filii, the children of no fathers, as the Romans who blush not to say they are Deorum filii, descended of the Gods. Such might be in this land at the Britons arrival; 
Giants in England. Britons. Ann. mundi 2855 Deut. 1.28.  which might be counted Indigenae, Vagi, uncivil, and therefore called Giants, as were the Anakimes mentioned in the Scripture.  
But to leave these unknown people; 
Yuand. Do. Tolos. lib. de genel. japheth.  Yuandus writeth that our Britannia was inhabited first by Babylonians: But it is not to be denied that the Britons, (whereof soever so named) were the first that under civil regiment possessed this land. 
Romans.  After them the Romans, whom julius Caesar first conducted hither: & after him Claudius the Emperor came into this land with his Romans about Anno Christi 40. 
julius Caesar. Claudius' imperat. Pictes, Scots. Beede. M. Camden. Scots afflict the Britons.  After the Romans came the Pictes and Scots out of Scythia (as Beede reporteth.) But M. Camden taketh them to be Britons which fled into the north parts for fear of the Romans. The Scots possessing the North parts of Britain, Albania now Scotland, greatly afflicted the Britons, of the South, who craved aid of the Saxons, and they with the Angles arriving: in process of time subdued the Britons, and possessed the land, driving the Britons into Cambria now Wales, into Cornwall and other places of refuge, 
Ann. Dom. 1012. Danes. William duke of Normandy with his Normans.  about the year of Christ, 430. Then came the Danes, and distressed the Saxons near 200. years. lastly the Normans under the conduct of William duke of Normandy, who under a pretended title subjecteth this land unto himself about the year of Christ 1066. by which conquest he is entitled WILLIAM the CONQVEROR, who enforced all the inhabitants to swear unto him fealty, faith, and true allegiance, and being quietly settled in his kingdom, caused this land to be described and exactly surveyed about the 15. year of his reign, 
William Conqueror caused England to be described and surveyed. dooms day book.  wherein he caused to be observed, how many hides of land, there were in his kingdom, the value of every hide, and who possessed it: which survey resteth in record at Westminster in a book called dooms day, or the role of Winchester. The usual account of land at this day in England is by acres, yards, carewes, hides, knights fees, canters, baronies and counties.  
Xiphilinus divideth this land into Britanniam Superiorem, 
Ex Dione. England how divided.  & Inferiorem: Ptolomey into Magnam & Paruam: Sextus Rufus, who lived under the Emperor Valentinian, hath Britanniam primam, & secundam flaviam, and Maximam Caesariensem, another part added called Valentia, remembered by Marcellinus. It was also divided into Loegria, Cambria, and Albania, called also Caledonia, which are now England, Wales, and Scotland.  
It was divided into seven kingdoms by the Saxons, after, into Provinces, Shires or Counties, all which were inhabited by people of several names after Ptolomey, as may appear.  

7. kingdoms of the SAXONS.  
1. Norþanhymbraric. regnum Northumbrorun, the kingdom of the Northumber's. 

Northumberland & part of SCOTLAND.  


brigants  
Westmoreland.  
Cumberland.  
The Bish. of Durham or Dunelm.  
Yorkshire.  
Lancashire.      
2. Myrcnaric regnum Merciorum, the kingdom of Mercia. 



Cornavi.  
Cheshire.  
Shropshire.  
Staffordshire.  
Warwickshire.  
Worcestershire.    


Coritani.  
Nottinghamshire.  
Lincolnshire.  
Northamptonshire.  
Rutlandshire.  
Leicestershire.  
Derbishire.    


Dobuni.  
Glocestershire.  
Oxfordshire.    


Catticuchlani.  
Buckinghamshire.  
Bedfordshire.  
Part of Hartfordshire.    
Herefordshire, part of the Silureses.  
Huntingdonshire part of the ICENI.    
3. ƿestseaxnaric, occiduorum Saxonum regnum, the kingdom of West Saxons. 



Atrebatii.  
Berkeshire.  
Hamshire.    


Belgae.  
Wiltshire.  
Somersetshire.    


Durotriges.  
Dorsetshire.    


Dammonii.  
Devonshire.  
Cornwall.      
4. Suþscaxnaric, Australium Saxonum regnum the kingdom of South Saxons. 



Regni.  
Sussex.  
Surrey.      
5. Centric regnum Cantiorum the kingdom of Kent. 



Cantii.  
Kent.      
6. Eastanglaric regnum orientalium Anglorun, the kingdom of East Angles. 



Icen●.  
Norfolk.  
Suffolk.  
Cambridgeshire.  
The I'll of Elie.      
7. Eastscaxnaric regnum orien. Saxonum the kingdom of East Saxons. 



Trinobantes.  
Essex.  
Middlesex, and part of HERTFORDSHIRE,       
These seven kingdoms contain 39 shires, which are divided into 22. 
Bushoprikes in England.  Bishoprics, namely, Caunterbury, Rochester, London, Chichester, Winchester, Salisbury, Exeter, Bath & Wells, Worcester, Gloucester, Heveforde, Coventrie & Lichfield, Lincoln, Elie, Norwich, Oxford, Peterborrough, & Bristol, in number 18. under the Archb. of Caunterburie Primate of England. York, Durham, Chester, and Carelyle, 4. under the Archbishop of York.  

Cambria Wales.  


CAMBRIA, WALES, inhabited by the Britƿea las or WALLI BRITANNI, is divided into 13. shires.  


Ordouices.  
Flintshire.  
Denbigh.  
Mongomery.  
Merioneth.  
Caernaruan.    


Silureses.  
Radnor.  
Brecknock.  
Glamorgan.  
Monmouth.    


Dimaetae.  
Caermarthen.  
Penbroke.  
Gardigan.    


Mona.  
Anglesey.       
The former Heptarchy, or Country of 7. kingdoms, 
The Heptarchy now a Monarchy.  now a Monarchy, most happily governed by the sole Empress thereof most renowned Queen ELIZABETH, was divided into the former provinces, 
Aluredus divided the shires of England. H. 8. of Wales.  shires or counties by ALUREDUS the fourth son of ADOLPHUS, & brother to ETHELDRED, who reigned in the year of Christ 872. But Cambria, now Wales, was distinguished by shires, by the famous king HENRY the eight: all which shires were divided into certain parts, which the Saxons called ðrihingaf which we call leþs or lathes, 
Shires divided in ðrihingaf or leþs. Ridings.  these divisions are yet in Kent: and Yorkshire at this day is divided into ridings, which may be also called ðrihingaf, all which parts contain in them certain Hundreds, in every of which was contained ten teoþunges, of us called Tithings, containing ten men, 
Hundreds.  whereof it was called also tienmentale, a college or corporation of ten men, 
Teothongs.  & the officer of this Tithing the Saxons called teoþungmon, of us (especially in the West) a Tythingman: in some places, as in Northamptonshire, a Therdbarrow: 
Therdbarrowes.  so that ten of these Tithings yielded a 100 men, whereof the English call it at this day a Hundred (though the number of the men be now uncertain) the Latins call it Centuria. In steed of Tithings, (especially beyond Trent,) they have Wapentaches, 
Centuriae. Wapentaches.  which the Saxons called ƿeƿontacs, which took that name of the view of weapons, and where the Tenants delivered up their weapons unto their Lords. 
Boresealdor.  The officers of these petite divisions or tithings, are in Kent called BorHesealdors, the chiefest or eldest pledges as M. 
M. Lamberde.  Lamberde most expert in the Saxon tongue affirmeth.  
The word Shire cometh of the Saxon Verb Scyran, 
Shire why so called.  which signifieth to cut or to divide. Every of these Shires in time past was governed per Comitem, whom we now call Earl, who was quasi praefectus regius, the king's Lieutenant, who of the Saxons was called Eorle, of whom every Shire is called a County, a Comite, 
Counties why so called.  of the Earl. But of later time there have been, and are yearly chosen in every shire, an officer by the Prince, which in Latin is called Vicecomes, as one appointed vice Comitis in the Earl's steed, 
The Sheriff what and whence so called.  we call him the Sheriff, the Saxons called him Scyregerefa, the reeve of the Shire, for gerefa is an officer to collect rents, and other revenues, and to execute things under, & for another, the Germans at this day have Burgreeve of the Saxons ƿortgerefa, 
Many sorts of Reeves.  the Mayor of a Town, Margreeves, whom we call Waterbaylives: a Landsgreve whom we call the reeve of a Manor.  
Pliny, Gildas Solinus, and Martianus do agree, that this our BRITANNIA MAYOR is 800. 
The length of Britain and the breadth.  miles in length, including also Scotland: and Martianus saith, it is in breadth 300. miles: in which dimensuration they seem to account after the Italian measure, which is less than our miles: 
The supposed breadth & length of England by statute measure.  yet were England measured according to the true and exact mensuration provided and allowed by statute, it would appear to be of greater length & breadth, than these author's account. An Italian mile containeth mill passus maiores, or Geometricos a 1000 
A mile A furlong. A perch.  paces of five foot to the pace, which is also a fathom. And our English mile is eight furlongs, every furlong 40. perches, every perch 16. foot, and half, which maketh 5280. foot, which is more than the Italian mile by 56. paces. But our ordinary mile exceedeth both the Italiam, & true English mile.  
The form of this land is Trianguler, 
The fertility of England.  much like Cicilia an Island in the middle earth sea. The centre of this land which I take to be about Titburie castle, hath latitude about 52. degrees, 50. minutes, and longitude 21. degrees 28. minutes. This our BRITANNIA for the fertility & fruitfulness thereof, matcheth the best, yielding such general commodities, & in such abundance, that it may be said: 
Albion emporiis, tellus opulenta marinis,  
fertilis omnigenum rerum:  Another saith, 
Anglia non segetes effundit divite vena?  
Pascua non pingui fertilitate tument?  
In gremio flwiis rivi miscentur amaenis,  
Gurgitibus rapidis & vada pura meant.  
Nobilis antiquo nutat cum robore quercus.  
Et nemorum grato spirat odore viror.  
Visceribus mediis errant pretiosa metalla,  
Divitiae crescunt intus, opesque foris.   
It were too long to recite the particular fruits, and rare commodities it yieldeth, all which are known to the world, as the Cosmographical Poet saith, Omnia sunt famatotum vulgata per orbem.  
And above all other blessings it hath greatest cause to rejoice in the free use of the true knowledge of Christ, 
England most happy in the use of the Gospel.  wherein it triumpheth above all other kingdoms or Countries of the world, most happily therein maintained, (under the mighty king of kings, celestial lehovah) by the sacred hand of the most imperial Queen ELIZABETH, the fruits of whose happy reign who can enjoy, & not unfeignedly commend her safety, and happy continuance, unto that all sufficient God, who beyond expectation, in favour, commended her to us? in regard whereof our England may be truly called OLBION a happy Country.   

SPECULUM BRITANIAE.  
The first part, containing a brief Historical and chorographical description of MYDDLESEX.  
Having thus briefly touched the general, I purpose to proceed to the particular descriptions of this out BRITANNIA: wherein (imitating the artificial Painter, who beginneth always at the head, the principal part of the body:) I thought it not unfit to begin my Speculum Britaniae with MYDDLESEX, 
The causes why Myddlesex is the first part of Speculum Britaniae.  which above all other Shires is graced, with that chief and head City LONDON: which as an adamant draweth unto it all the other parts of the land, and above the rest is most usually ferquented with her majesties most regal presence.  

Of MIDDLESEX, and of the Trinobantes.  
IT is called MIDDLESEX of the middle Saxons, 
Myddlesex why socalled.  for that they inhabited that part between the East Saxons, West Saxons, and South Saxons.  
MIDDLESEX was a parcel of that country wherein (as Caesar saith) dwelled the Trinobantes whom Ptolemy calleth Trinoantes, omitting the b. 
Myddlesex part of the Trinobantes. Caesar Com. Ptolomey. Galfr. Moun.  some call them Trinouantes, putting u for b.  
The chief City of these Trinobantes, was then called Trinobantum, 
Colchester. London the City of the East Saxons and Trinobantes. Corn. Tacitus.  of some held to be Colchester of some London; Beede saith that London was the chief City of the East Saxons, If so, then of necessity, of the Middle saxons, and consequently of the Trinobantes; yet Tacitus saith, that London was not Trinobantum; nor the people Trinobantes, near London, and his reason is that if the Trinobantes had been near London, they would not have suffered Suetonius to have passed thither; which argument Humphrey Lloyde seemeth to confute in this manner. 
Humf. Lloyd.  The Trinobantes (saith he) being Suetonius enemies, would have as well prevented him in the inner part of the country, as near London, considering that Suetonius came from the Isle of Anglesey, marching through the whole country. So that in what place soever the Trinobantes were resident, they could not be ignorant of his passage.  
Polydore Virgile, 
Pollidore.  a man of no great credit, as touching his history, affirmeth from some other that Trinobantum was Northampton, and the Northamptonshire men Trinobantes, 
Northampton Tranton.  and his reason is for that the country men in their language called that place Tranton, which hath no such semblable consonance with Trinobantum that he, or any other, should seek Trinobantum in that part of Britain.  
Master Camden, 
M. Camden.  a singular scrutator of antiquities seemeth to hold (but not absolutely) that the Trinobantes should be so called, of the british word Trenant, which signifieth towns scytuate in the valley. 
Caesar.  But Caesar saith, they inhabited Prope firmissimam earum regionum civitatem, near the most strongest City in those countries; which as I take was London.   

The limits and principal bounds of MYDDLESEX.  
MYDDELSEX is situate in the south east part of this land, bordering upon the north, upon Hertfordshire. On the east upon Essex, 
Lea river.  divided thence by the river Lea, and the Mere ditch: on the south upon Surrey, having the most famous river Thamise, the bound and limit between them, and on the West upon Buckingham shire, Colne river and the Shire ditch, being the division between them.  
That famous river which is commonly of us called Thames, is of Ptolemey called jamesa aestuarium, 
Ptolemey. Plin. lib. 2. cap. 3. jamesa aestuarium.  of Pliny jamesais; of Caesar Tamesis. It seemeth to be compact of two names of rivers, Tame and Ice, which two rivers meet near Wallingford in Berkshire, where after a familiar manner, they lovingly conjoin and unite themselves, and after a kind of Matrimonial order, of two they become one Tame, 
Thamise of Tame and Ice.  and IIse, becometh Thamise holding that name, growing more and more famous, until with great pride it saluteth the main sea. The like conjunction of names is in Palestina or the holy land, 
jordan of jor and Dan.  where that famous river jardan, is compact of jar, which riseth near Mara, towards Damascus, and Dan which riseth near, and taketh name of the City of Dan, both rising out of the mountains Lybanon, and meet at Caesaria Philippi, where, these two jar, and Dan, become jardan, as the Poet saith. 
Hunt. Cosm.  jordannisque sacer geminis è fontibus ortus.  
The river of Thamise ebbeth and floweth as far as Richmond, sometime farther, some time not so far, near sixty miles from the main sea.  
It hath been observed and affirmed by some that this river doth not easily increase with land waters. Sit experientia judex.  
The river Lea, of the Saxons lig a is a proper river, heretofore, 
Lea river navigable in time passed  (as some affirm) navigable, and that shipping passed through the same, from the Thamise to Hartford. Barges have of late passed that way, to Ware, which was granted by Act of Parliament about the eighteen year of the reign of Queen ELIZABETH, but for some causes of late discontinued. This river for the most part divideth MIDDLESEX and Eastsex. But there is a ditch called the Mere ditch, about two miles and a half in length, 
Mere ditch.  between Waltham abbey, and Higham hill bridge which is cut into the marshes and passeth through the same, for a distinction of the bounds between the two shires.  
Colne river is the division between MIDDLESEX and Buckingham shire, But that a ditch called the Shire ditch, 
Colne river. Shire ditch.  which seemeth to have been forced into MIDDLESEX, about two miles in length, north of Colnebroke.  
Through this river as some affirm, have passed shipping to Saint Alban. Minime credendum.   

The nature of the soil and fertility of MYDDLESEX.  
MYDDLESEX is a small Shire, 
The length and circuit of Middlesex.  in length not twenty miles, in circuit (as it were by the ring) not about 70. miles, yet for the fertility thereof, it may compare with any other shire: for the soil is excellent, fat and fertile and full of profit: it yieldeth corn and grain, not only in abundance, 
Middlesex sertile.  but most excellent good wheat, especially about Heston, which place may be called Granarium tritici regalis, 
Heston.  for the singularity of the corn. The vain of this especial corn seemeth to extend from Heston to Harrow on the hill, between which as in the mid way, is Perivale, more truly Purevale. 
Pirivale or purevale.  In which vale is also Northold, Southold, Norcote, Gerneford, Hayes, etc. And it seemeth to extend to Pynner, though with some alteration of the soil. It may be noted also how nature hath exalted Harrow on the hill, 
Harrow on the hill.  which seemeth to make ostentation of it situation in the Purevale, from whence, towards the time of Harvest, a man may behold the fields round about, so sweetly to address themselves, to the siocle, and sith, with such comfortable abundance, of all kind of grain, that the husbandman which waiteth for the fruits of his labours, cannot but clap his hands, for joy, to see this vale, so to laugh and sing.  
Yet doth not this so fruitful soil yield comfort, to the wayfairing man in the winter-time, by reason of the claiesh nature of soil: which after it hath tasted the Autumn showers, waxeth both dirty and deep: But unto the country swain it is as a sweet and pleasant garden, in regard of his hope of future profit, for 
The deep, and dirty loathsome soil,  
Yields golden gain, to painful toil.  The industrious and painful husbandman will refuse a palace, to droyle in these golden puddles.  
This part of MYDDDLESEX may for fertility compare with Tandeane, 
Tandeane.  in the west part of Somersetshire. But that Tandeane, far surpasseth it for sundry fruits, and commodities, which this country might also yield, were it to the like employed: but it seemeth they only covet to maintain their ancient course of life, and observe the husbandry of their fathers, without adding, any thing to their greater profit.  
This shire is plentifully stored, 
Middlesex beautified with fair buildings.  and as it seemeth beautified, with many fair, and comely buildings, especially of the Merchants of London, who have planted their houses of recreation not in the meanest places: which also they have cunningly contrived, curiously beautified, with divers devices, neatly decked with rare inventions, environed with Orchards of sundry delicate fruits, gardens with delectable walks, arbers, allees, and great variety of pleasing dainties: all which seem to be beautiful ornaments unto this country. But who so turneth his eyes unto the stately & most princely palaces of Queen ELIZABETH in many parts of this shire most sweetly situate, garnished with most princely delights, beholding also the houses of Nobility, may say as Vadian of a fruitful and pleasant place in Egypt, Fancies istius terre pulcherima est, 
Vad Cosns.  etc. The face or superficies of this country, is most beautiful, the fields fresh and green, the valleys delightful to behold, the towns villages and stately buildings interlaced with the pleasant woods are glorious to be seen.   

Of the Ecclesiastical and Civil government of this Shire.  
FOr matter concerning Church government, and order, this shire is under the jurisdiction of the bishop of London; which See sometime did belong to the Archbishop, until S. Augustine's time, who was called the Apostle of England, he turned the Archbishops See from London to Caunterburie, where it continueth.  
And whereas all other shires within this land, for the most part, have a particular officer yearly elected by her Majesty, called a sheriff Shere-reeve, 
Sheriff of Middlesex.  or reeve of the shire: this shire by charter made by King JOHN, Quinto julii anno regni sui 1. is in that point, under the high officer of the City of London the MAYOR: who by force of the same charter, yearly constituteth a Sheriff, within the same: who also is accountable unto the said City for all matters appertaining to his said office.  
Every Alderman that hath been Mayor of London is justice of peace in MYDDLESEX.  

Hundreds within MYDDLESEX distinguished with these letters in the MAP.  
A Edmondton or Edelmeton. 
Hundreds.   
B gore.  
C Oselston.  
D Istlewoorth.  
E Elthorne.  
F Spelthorne.   

Market Towns in MYDDLESEX.  
Westminster. 
Market towns.   
Brentforde.  
Stanes,  
Uxbridge,  
Harrow on the hill, was a market town in the time of Doct. boards peregrination as appeareth by a little Treatise of his in writing.   
It is to be noted that this shire hath in it many Chapels of ease, that have the name of parish Churches: as Uxbridge a market town belongeth to great Hellingdon: Brentford a market town belongeth to great Eling, many more there are within this shire which to express would be too tedious.  

Houses of Law. THere are two houses of judges and Searieants, called Seriantes Inns, the one in Fleestreere the other in Chancery Lane.  
Inns of Court are four. 

Inner Temple.  
Middle Temple.  
lyncoln's Inn.  
Grey's Inn.    
Inns of the Chancery 8. 

Clyffords' Inn.  
Davydes or Thavyes Inn.  
furnival's Inn.  
Barnard's Inn.  
Staple Inn.  
Clement's Inn.  
New Inn.  
lions Inn.     

Battles in MYDLESEX noted thus ✚  
Near Barnet in Enfielde Chase, 
Polid vir. Tho. Walls.  was a battle fought between EDWARD the fourth, and the favourites of HENRY the sixth.  
near Brentforde was a conflict between Edmond Ironside and the Danes. 
Tho. Walls.    

Parks of her Majesties within MYDDLESEX. THis Shire is plentifully furnished with her majesties Parks, for prinecly delights, exceeding all the kingdom of France, wherein are not so many, (if the discourse be true which is made of a debate between an Herald of England, and a Herald of France) where it is affirmed that there are in all that Region but two Parks: In MYDDLESEX are ten of her MAJESTIES.  
S. james park.  
Hyde Park.  
Marybone Park.  
Hanwoorth Park.  
Kenton Park.  
Hampton Court parks, two.  
Enfielde parks, two.  
Twickenham Park, disperked.   

Hills of name.  
Harrow hill.  
Hamsted hill.  
Highgate hill.    map of Middlesex 
MYDDLESEX  


Characters distinguishing the difference of places  
Market towns  
Parishes  
Hamletes or villages  
Houses & Palaces of Quen Eli  
Houses of Nobility  
⊙ Houses of Knights, Gent. etc.  
Castles & forts  
Monasteries or religious houses  
bishop's Sea's  
Hospitales  
✚ Places where battles have been  
Decayed places  
Lodges in forests chases etc.  
mills.    joannes Norden Angl. descripsit 1593.  

Old and ancient highways now unaccustomed.  
THe old and ancient high way to high Bernet, 
Port Poole.  from Porte-Poole, now Gray's Inn, as also from Clerkenwell, was through a lane, on the east of Pancras Church, called Longwich lane. from thence, leaving Highgate on the west, it passed through Tallingdone lane and so to Crouch end, 
Tallingdon lane.  and thence through a Park called Harnsey great park, to Muswell hill, to Coanie hatch, Fryarne Barnet, and so to Whetstone, which is now the common high way to high Bernet. This ancient high way, was refused of wayfaring men, and carriers, by reason of the deepness and dirty passage in the winter season: In regard whereof it was agreed between the Bishop of London, and the Country, that a new way should be laid forth through the said Bishops parks, beginning at Highgate hill, to lead (as now is accustomed) directly to Whetstone: for which new way all carts, carriers, packmen, and such like travelers, yield a certain toll unto the Bishop of London, 
Highgate toll.  which is farmed (as is said at this day) at 40. li. per annum. and for that purpose, was the gate erected on the hill, that through the same all traveilers should pass, and be the more aptly staid for the same toll.  
Another ancient high way which did lead to Edgeworth, and so to Saint Albon, was over Hampsted heath, and thence to, and through an old lane, called Hendon want, near Hendon, 
Hendon want.  through which it passed to Edgwoorth, whence it passed over Brokeley hills, through part of Hertfordshire, by Radnet, Colnestreete, Saint Stephens, and Saint Mychaels, leaving Saint Albon, half a mile in the east. This way of some is held to be Watlingstreete, one of the four high ways, which belinus caused to be made, & leadeth (as some affirm) through Watlingstreete in London.   

An Alphabet of the Cities, Towns, Hamlets, Villages, and houses of name within MIDDELSEX, contained in the Map of the Shire, with necessary annotations upon sundry of them. The use of which Alphabet is set down, before to the Reader.  

A.  
Ascot. E. 8.  
Augustine's lodge. H. 18. a lodge in Enfield chase.  
Acton east F. 14.  
Acton west G. 14. 
Baron of Burford buried.  The Baron of Burford died there, as he passed from London, and is covered with a Marble stone, in the year of Christ 1527.  
Ashford I. 8. So called of the brook or ford through which men pass at that place.  
Astleham I. 8.   

B.  
Breakespeare. E. 4. The house of George Ashby Esquire.  
* Brockenborrowes E. 6. There dwelleth Gomersale Gentleman.  
Brownswell E. 4. a Well in the high way from Highgate to Bernet, the water whereof is a sweet refreshment often times to wearied and thirsty poor travelers, of late re-edified by some well disposed.  
Bury street B. 20. a Hamlet of Enfield.  
bulls lodge A. 18. a lodge of Enfield chase.  
Belsise E. 16. the house of William Wade Esquire, one of the clerks of her majesties privy Counsel.  

Brentstreete E. 14. So called of the river or brook called Brent through which it runneth. 
Brent river.   
It is to be noted that at this 〈◊〉 street many years since dwelled the brent's, among whom 〈…〉 john Brent who died Anno Christi 1467. whose ancestors before him had there, their residence,  
This john lieth buried at Hendon under a marble stone, with his picture and the time of his disease: whereby it seemeth that the street took name of the Brentes, and the brook of the street, and hereof also doth,   

Brentforde H. 12. commonly called new Brentford or Brayneforde, or Market Brentforde take name, for that Brent brook passeth through the town. This Brentford is a market town, yet no parish, but belongeth unto great Elinge. It is called new Brentford as I take it of the late purchase of the market which was in the time of king Edward the sixth: 
Brentford why so called.  for the chapel argueth it of greater antiquity than the other, which hath the name of old Brentford. of the river Brent, which runneth on the west part of the town, and between it and Zion entereth into the Thames.  
This word Brent among the country people, of those parts, signifieth, 
Brent, the word how the people take the signification.  and is taken for all brooks, rivers, and currants of water, therefore is every small brook called the Brent among them.  
near unto this place Edmond Ironside, 
Edm. Ironsides conflict with the Danes.  assaulted the Danes which he had driven from the siege of London, and there put many of them to the sword, and put the residue to flight, about anno Christi 1016. the place appeareth by this character ✚.   
Brentford old H. 14. a little thoroughfare.  
* bishop's hall F. 22. the house of the Lord Wentwoorth.  
Blackwall, G. 22. near which is a harbour in the Thamis for shipping, 
Blackwall why so called.  the place taketh name of the blackness or darkness of the water banks, or wall at that place.  
Brompton G. 16.  
** Boston G. 12. where dwelleth Iherome Halley Esquire.  
Bedfont west H. 6.  
Bedfont east H. 8.  
* Brumfielde C. 20. the house of Skevington Esquire.   

C.  
Cannon's D. 10.  
Crouch end D. 18.  
* Coanie Hatch D. 18. there dwelleth Trot Gentleman.  
Clapton E. 22.  
** Canburie or Cannonburie E. 20. a house in the hands of Atee Gentleman. It was builded by prior Bolton prior of Saint Bartholomew's in Smithfield in the time of H. 8.  
Child's hill E. 16.  
Chalcot or Chalkhill E. 16.  
Cowley F. 6.  
Chelsey G. 18. 
Chelsey why so called.  So called of the nature of the place whose strand is like the chesel which the sea casteth up of sand & pebble stones. Thereof called Cheselsey briefly Chelsey, as is Chelsey in Sussex, north of Chychester, which standeth upon the very edge of the sea, as this * Chelsey on the Thamise. Queen ELIZABETH hath there a fair house: The Lord Dacres hath there a fair house.  
Cheswicke H. 14. belonging to a prebend of Paul's now in the hands of Doctor Goodman Deane of Westminster, where he hath a fair house, whereunto (in the time of any common plague or sickness) as also to take the air, he withdraweth the scholars of the college of Westminster.  
* Colham, Collumbe, or Colneham, G. 6. a house of the Earl of Derby's, which taketh name Colneham of the scytuation thereof so near a branch of Colne stream.  
Colbrooke or Colnebroke G. 6. one little part whereof is in MIDDLESEX as far as the bridge, the rest is Buckingham shire.  
Craneford H. 8. It is so called of the ford or brook called by the name of Crane.  
Carleton or Charleton K. 8.   

D.  
Dalis D. 14.  
drivers hill D. 14.  
* Durance B. 20. the house of Robert Wroth Esquire.  
** Durhams' B. 14. 
Lacye Gentleman.  a house in the hands of  
Daleson hill E. 14.  
Dorman's well F. 10. the house of the Lo. Dacres.  
* Drayton G. 6. a house late the Lord Pagets.   

E.  
Edgeworth D. 12. consisting of one main street, the west side whereof belongeth to little Stanmer called also Whitchurch the other part hath a church in itself. 
ƿorþ  ƿorþ in the Saxon tongue signifieth a place fruitful, and fit in regard of the apt scytuation thereof to be inhabited this ƿorþ standing on the very edge of the shire may be called Edgeworth, of some but corruptly Edgeware.  
East end D. 16. a member of Finchley.  

Edmondton or Edelmeton C. 20. In the Church whereof, are sundry ancient monuments, the most of them defaced, among which is a tomb of grey Marble circumscribed thus.  
Hic jacent corpora Thomae Carleton cuiusdan dni. 
Thomas Careleton buried.  istius villae qui obiit 21. die Februar: Anno Do. 1447. & Elizabethae uxo ris eius. filiae Adae Francis militis per quam habuit dominium, whose arms are these.   blazon or coat of arms  blazon or coat of arms 
There is also one john Kirketon Esquire, 
john Kirketen buried.  whose monument is of white free stone erected in the south wall of the Church, and seemeth as ancient as the Church itself, but there is no record of the time of his decease, his arms are these.   blazon or coat of arms 
There is a fable of one Peter Fabel that lieth in the same Church also, 
Peter Fabel buried.  who is said to have beguiled the Devil by policy for money, But the Devil is deceit itself, and hardly deceived.   blazon or coat of arms  blazon or coat of arms  blazon or coat of arms  
Edmonton street C. 20.  

Enfield B. 20. sometime parcel of the land of the Duke of Lancaster now Queen Elizabeth's. The chase called Enfield chase taketh name of this place.  
It is called of some Enfen and so recorded, 
Enfen.  in regard of the Fenny scytuation of some part thereof upon the marshes or meerish ground, which (though now brought to be good meadow and profitable pasture) it hath been in time past fenney: thereof taking the name Enfen or Infen, now Enfielde. But these fenney grounds are now on the east, as the chase in the west, profitable neighbours not only unto Enfield, but to many other poor inhabitants near.   
Elinge called great Elinge G. 12. 
Thomas frowike buried.  In the Church whereof lieth buried Thomas Frowike sometime owner of Gunnersbury or Gunwelsbury an ancient seat within the same parish.  blazon or coat of arms  
Eueney H. 6. a farm house belonging unto the Dean and chapter of Westminster.  
Enfielde house A. 20. Queen ELIZABETH'S, builded by an Earl of Worcester.   

F.  
Frith called also New hall D. 14. sometime the Therlebyes now Richard Weeks Gentleman, 
Lord Frowike.  by purchase.  

Finchley D. 16. In the Church whereof lieth the Lord Frowyke, Lord chief justice of England, in the time of H. 6. under a Marble tomb where hath been his picture and arms in brass, with circumscription about the tomb, but now defaced, his arms only remaining in the chancel window in this manner.   blazon or coat of arms 
There is also another Marble stone having the picture of a woman whereon is inscribed thus.  joan la feme Thomas de Frowicke gist icy, & le dit Thomas Pense de giser aveque luy. 
There lieth also buried under a Marble stone in the Chancel of the Church one Thomas Aldenham Esquire sometime Chirurgeon to King Henry the sixth who died in Anno 1431. 
Thomas Aldeuham.  his arms.   blazon or coat of arms  
Fryarne Barnet C. 18.  
** Fryarne Manor C. 18. Sir john Popham knight Lord chief justice of England, sometime maketh there his abode.  
** The Fold B. 16. the house of  

Fulham H. 16. of the Saxons called fullonham (which as Master Camden taketh it) signifieth Volucrum domus, the habitacle of birds or the place of fowls, fullon and fuglas in the Saxon tongue do signify fowls, and Ham or Hame as much as home in our tongue. So that fullon Ham or fuglasHame is as much to say, as the home house or habitacle of fowl. It may be also taken for Volucrum amnis the river of fowl, for Ham also in many places signifieth Amnis a river. But it is most probable it should be of land fowl which usually haunt groves, and clusters of trees, whereof in this place it see-meth hath been plenty.  
* There is an ancient house belonging to the sea of London moated about. Henry the third often lay at this place.  
The host of the pagan Danes in the time of K. Alphred did winter there, in the year of Christ 879. the woods, 
Galfr. mon. Greg. inpast.  and apt scytuation of the place, for passage by water (no doubt) moved them thereunto.   
Feltham I. 8.  
Feltham hill I 8.   

G.  
Gernford F. 10. a very fertile place of corn standing in the pure vale.  
Gunnersbury or Gunwelsbury G. 14. an ancient house well scytuate for wood, water, and air sometime the Frowickes' now belonging to the ** Corbets,  
S. Gyles in the field F. 18. erected by Matylde Queen to H. 1. 
Rex. E. 3.  for leprous people about Anno 1117.   

H.  
* Harefield E. 4. There Sir Edmond Anderson knight, Lord chief justice of the common plecs, hath a fair house standing on the edge of the hill. The river Colne passing near the same through the pleasant meadows and sweet pastures yielding both delight, and profit.  
Highwood hill D. 12. a member of little Stanmer.  
Hendon D. 14. of the Saxous Highendune, 
Hendon why so called.  which signifieth Highwood of the plenty of wood there growing on the hills.  
* Hendon house D. 14. the manor house of Hendon, Sir Edward Herbertes knight: where now is often resident john Fortescue Esquire, one of her majesties most honourable privy Counsel, when he taketh the air in the Country.  
Hollicke, D. 18. there are noted the foundations of ancient buildings, affirmed by some aged men that it hath been a Town. but oftentimes, Immensa cani spirant mendatia folles.  

Harnsey, of some Hornesey, D. 20. a parish standing near the Bishop of London's woods or parks, which of that place heretofore had and yet retain the names of Harnsey parks.  
The Church of Harnsey is supposed to be built with the stones that came from the ruins of Lodghill.   
Hadley, B. 16.  
Holway the lower, E. 20.  
Holway the upper, E. 18.  

Highgate, E. 18. a hill over which is a passage, 
Highgate why so called.  and at the top of the same hill is a gare through which all manner passengers have their way; the place taketh the name of the highgate on the hill, which gate was erected at the alteration of the way, which (as is said before) was on the east of Highgate.  
When the way was turned over the said hill to lead through the park of the Bishop of London as now it doth, there was in regard thereof, 
A toll at Highgate.  a toll raised upon such as possed that way with carriage. And for that no passenger should escape, without paying toll by reason of the wideness of the way, this gate was raised, through which of necessity all traveilers pass. This toll is now farmed of the said Bishop at forty pound per annum.  
At this place is a free school builded of brick by sir ROGER CHOLMELEY knight, 
A free school.  sometime Lord chief justice of England about the year of Christ 1564. The pension of the master is uncertain: there is no usher, and the school is in the disposition of six governors or feffees.  
Where now the school standeth, 
An hermitage at Highgate. A Cawsway between Highgate and Islington.  was an hermitage, and the hermit caused to be made the causeway between Highgate and Islyngton, and the gravel was had from the top of Highgate hill, where now is a standing pond of water.  
There is adjoining unto the school a chapel for the ease of that part of the country, for that they are within the parish of Pancras which is distant thence near two miles.  
Upon this hill is most pleasant dwelling, yet not so pleasant as healthful, for the expert inhabitants there, report that divers that have been long visited with sickness, not curable by Physic, have in short time, repaired their health by that sweet salutary air.  
** At this place CORNEWALLEYES esquire, 
Cornwallis esquire  hath a very fair house from which he may with great delight behold the stately City of London, Westminster, Greenwich, the famous river of Thamyse, and the country towards the south very far.   

Hamsted, E. 16. standeth under a hill, in a very healthful air, having London in very pleasant perspect. In the church thereof lieth M. ARMIGELL WAADE esquire, in a fair monument of Alabaster raised in the wall of the Chancel with this inscription.  

Memoriae sacrum.  
Optimis & charissimis parentibus ARMIGELLO WAADO è Brigantium antiqua familia oriundo, 
Armigell Waad Esquire buried.  HEN. 8. & EDW. 6. Regum Secretori concilio ab epistolis, & in agro Middlesexiano Eirenarchae qui in maximarum artium disciplinis, prudentiaque civili instructissimus, plurimarum linguarum callentissimus, legationibus honoratissimis perfunctus, & inter Britannos Indiarum Americarum explorator primus. Ex duabus coniugibus,  blazon or coat of arms ALICIA PATENIA, & ANNA MERBURIA, 20. liberos progenuis, tandemque post vitam, honorifice & pientissimè defunctam anno virginei partus 1568. Mensis junii die 20. in domino placide obdormuit. Et ALICIAE PATENIAE quae patri 17. libros peperit, è quibus duo mares & tres femellae, adhuc in vivis existunt quae vita castissime & temperatissimè transacta, anno salutis humanae 1568. animam pientissimam Redemptori reddidit.  
GULIELMUS WAADUS filius maeximus natu, & heres, Idemque divae ELIZABETHE Reginae concilio Secretori ab epistolis, hoc monument um posuit.    

Harrow on the hill, E. 10. standing very high, in a place both pleasant and ftuitefull, and though loftly mounted on a hill, yet in reasonable sort watered.  
In the isle of the church lieth buried M. WILLIAM GERARD Esquire & DORATHEY his wife, 
William Gerrard esquire buried.  who dwelled at Flamberds, so called of the Flamberdes, who sometime possessed the same, this WILLIAM GERARD deceased the 15. Apr. 1583. 
Flamberds.  and they both lie in a tomb of white marble, raised in the wall.   blazon or coat of arms 
divers of the Flamberds of Flamberdes a hamlet in Harrow, are interred in the same Church, among whom is one JOHN FLAMERDS, on whose tomb is thus inscribed.  
jon me do marmore numinis ordine flam tumulatur.  
bard quoque verbere stigis è funere hic tueatur. 
john Lions his gift to the erection of a free school.   
There is a school in Harow, as yet not a free school, but intented to be, and one JOHN lions Gent hath given (after his decease to be employed towards the erection and founding thereof,) 300. pound, and 30. pound per ann. for a Master, and 10. pound for an Usher (as it is informed) a precedent good to be followed of the able.   

Hellingdon great F. 6. 
Lord Strange burted.   
In the church lieth buried under a tomb covered with a marble stone, the Lord STRANGE whose tomb is circumscribed thus, Sub hac tumba jacet nobilis JOHANNES dominue le STRANGE, Dominus de Knocking, Mahun, Wasset, Warnell, & Lacie, & Dominus de Colham, una cum pictura JAGNETTAE quondam uxoris suae: quae quidem JAGNETTA, fuit soror ELIZABETHAE Reginae Angliae quondam uxoris Regis EDW. 4. qui quidem JOHANNES obiit. 15. die Octobris Anno regni Regis EDW. 4.17. quam quidem tumbam JOHANNA Domina le STRANGE filia & heres predicti JOHANNIS & JAGNETTAE, unacum pictura JOHANNAE ex sumptibus suis propriis, fieri fecit 1509.   
* Hayes, F. 8. belongeth to the Lord Dacres, and Lord North.  
Harlestone green, F. 14.  
Hockesdone, F. 20. belonging to a Prebend of Paul's.  

Hackeney or Hacquenye, F. 22. In the church thereof lieth buried, 
Christopher Vrswyke buried.  one CHRISTOPHER VRSWYKE whose chief monument is erected of white free stone, in the north side of the Chancel, yet was he interred in the middle of the same Chancel, covered with a fair grey Marble stone; pictured in brass with this subscription.   blazon or coat of arms CHRISTOPHERUS VRSWICUS Regis HENRICI septimi Elimosinarius; vir sua aetate clarus, summantibus atque intimatibus charus, Ad exteros reges undecies pro patria legatus, Deconatum Eborum Archidiaconatum Richmondiae, Deconatum Windesoriae habitos, vivens reliquit, Episcopatum Norwicensem oblatum recusavit: Magnos honores, tota vita sprevit: snugali vita contentus, hic vivere, hic mori maluit: plenus annis obijt, ab omnibus desideratus, funeris pompam, etiam testamento vetuit: hic sepultus, carnis resurectionem, in adventum Christi expectat: obijt Anno Dommini 1521, 24, die Octobr. 
The men of our time, who more greedily thirst for high and great preferments, then for the diligent execution of their callings, and feeding of God's people; may by this godly man's example be moved, something to mortify their greedy affections, and onjoying only a sufficient portion, to endeavour rather the building of the Church of God than their own glory, And in time to cast away those things that hinder their going one, in a sincere course of life.  
In the same chancel is the coat armour, shield garter and crest of the Earl of Northumberland. 
Earl of Northumberland.   
In the Church in the north I'll thereof is raised a most fair and famous monument of Marble and Alabaster, very curiously contrived, whereon lieth very neatly figured, the picture and corporal proportion, of the Lady Lucy, daughter to the Earl of Worcester, 
The Lady Latymer buried.  wife unto fir john Nevell knight Lord Latymer, who deceased at his manor of Snape in Yorkshire. The said Lady deceased Anno 1582. having issue, four daughters, Katherine the eldest married Henry Earl of Northumberland, who by her had issue Henry Lord Percy, Thomas, William Charles, Richard, Allyn, jossalyne and George, Lady jane, Lucy, and Elinor.  
Dorothy the second daughter married sir Thomas Cecil knight, who by her had issue William, Richard, Edward, Christopher, and Thomas, Katherine, Lucy, Myldred, Mary, Susan, Elizabeth, Dorothy, and Frances.  
Lucy the third daughter married William Cornwallys Esquire by whom she had issue, Thomas and john, jone, Frances, Elizabeth, and Katherine.  
Elizabeth the first and youngest daughter married sir john Danvers knight, by whom she had issue Charles and Henry, Anne, Lucy, Elienor, and Mary.  
One Heron Esqire founded Hacquenie Church, and lieth buried in the north I'll, 
Heron Esquire buried.  in a tomb of white free stone his arms appear engraven in stone in every pillar of the same Church thus,   blazon or coat of arms 
In the same Church in the south isle was buried Roe knight, 
Roe Alderman buried.  sometime Mayor of London, his monument is of marble and Alabaster.   
Hamersmith, G. 16.  
Hamersmith hospital, G. 16.  
Harlington, G. 8.  
Harmeswoorth, or Harmundeswoorth, G. 6.  
Heston, H. 10. a most fertile place of wheat  blazon or coat of arms yet not so much to be commended for the quantity, as for the quality, for the wheat is most pure, accounted the purest in many shires. And therefore Queen ELIZABETH hath the most part of her provision from that place for manchet for her Highness own diet, as is reported.  

Hounslow or Hunslow, H. 10. belongeth unto two parishes, the north side of the street to Heston, and the south to Istlewoorth: But there is a chapel of ease, which belonged unto the friary there dissolved, which friary after the dissolution was by exchange given to the Lord Windsor, by King Henry the eight. Afterwards it came to Auditor Rouen by purchase who hath bestowed the same chapel, and 40. shillings per annum upon the inhabitants to the end and upon condition that they by farther contribution shall maintain a minister there.  
* There is a fair house erected where the friary was: belonging to the heirs of Auditor Rouen.  
In the chapel was buried sir George Windsor knight in a monument of white free stone, raised with four pillars. 
Sir George Windsor buried.  In that place lie many other of the Windsores.   
Hanworth I. 10. a house of her Majesties.  

Hampton Court K. 12. an honour of Queen ELIZABETHES, a most regal palace stately raised of brick after a most princely form, by Cardinal WOULSEY most pleasantly, scytuate upon delightsome Thamise. Queen ELIZABETH hath of late caused a very beautiful fountain, 
A fountain erected at Hampton-court.  there to be erected, in the second court which graceth the palace, and serveth to great and necessary use, the fountain was finished in Anno 1590. not without great charge.  
It is called Hampton Court of the parish of Hampton, 
Hampton Court why so called.  which standeth not far thence: and Court cometh of Curia, which was the place where the Senate of Rome assembled, and was taken for the Senate itself, And thereof groweth our word Court, which signifieth all assemblies either for trial of controversies, or consulting of matters of state, as also it is amongst us used as an adjunct, to divers houses in this land of greatest antiquity, as the most ancient house in a manor called the Court house. But this word Court is hereunto added neither in regard of antiquity, nor head house of a manor. But in regard of the Majesty and Princely beauty thereof, fit for none but for a King or Queen, whose residence in any place draweth a Princely assembly, which is called the Court, for where her Majesty is resident there is the Court of state. This word Court is a most common adjunct to places of antiquity in Artetia, as also in divers provinces of France and else where as Haplincourt, in Normandy, Bonlayn Court in champaign, and Hall-court near Amiens.  
There are belonging to this princely palace two parks, 
Parks at Hampton Court.  the one of Dear, the other of hares, both environed with walls of brick, the south side of the Dear park, excepted, which is paled and environed with the Thamise.   
Hampton K. 12.  
Hanuerde or Hanforde K. 8.   

I.  
Ickenham E. 6.  
Islington or Iseldon E. 20. belonging to a prebend of Paul's.  
S. Ieames G. 18. her Majesties, a very stately house, built after a quadranguler form, by the famous King Henry the eight.   

K.  
Kyckesende B. 16.  
Kingsland E. 20.  
Kentishtowne E. 18.  
Kylbourne or Keelebourne, 
Kylbourne why so called.  E. 16. seemeth to take name of Keel, and bourn which signify cold water: It is called in some records Kullebourne. In the time of H. the 1. Herbert abbot of Westminster, by permission of Gylbert bishop of London, and by consent of the convent, granted to 3. maids the Hermitage there which one Gorbone builded, with all the land of that place.  
Kingesburie, E. 12.   
 map of London 
LONDON   coats of arms 


●●●●ers  
Grocer's  
Drapers.  
Fishmonger's  
Goldsmiths.  
Skinners.  
Merchantaylors'  
Haberdashers  
Salters.  
iron-mongers  
Vintners.  
Clothworkers    Pieter Vanden Keere fecit▪ 1593. 
〈◊〉 one of the for●●●● 12 Companies 〈◊〉 Lo. Mayor 〈◊〉 city commonly 〈…〉.  


a. bishop's gate street.  
b. Papie.  
c. Alballowes in the wall.  
d. S Taphyns.  
e. Sylner sheet.  
f. Aldermanburye.  
g. Barbican.  
h Aldesgate street.  
i Charterhowse.  
k Holborn Conduct.  
l. Chancery lane.  
m. Temple bar.  
n. Hobourn.  
o. Gray's Inn lane  
p. S Androwes.  
q. Newgate.  
r. S. jones.  
s. S Nic shambles.  
t. Cheap side.  
u. Bucklers bury  
w. Brodestreele.  
x. The stocks.  
y. The Exchanng  
z. Cornhill  
2. Colmanstreete.  
3. Bassings hall.  
4. Honnsditche.  
5. Leadon hall.  
6. Gracious street.  
7. Heneage house.  
8. Fancshurche.  
9 Mark lane.  
10. Minchyn lane.  
11. Paul's.  
12. Easteheape.  
13. Eleestreete  
14. Fetier lane.  
15. S. Dunshous.  
16. Themes should treete  
17. London stone.  
18. Old Bailie.  
19 Clerkenwell.  
20. W●nchester 〈◊〉  
21. Battle hriage  
22. Bermodsoy street    
joannes 〈◊〉 descrips●●●   

Kenton, E. 10.  
Knightesbridge, G. 18.  
Densington, G. 16.  
Kingstonwyke, K. 14. It is a Hamlet near Kingston upon Thamis, standing in MYDDLESEX, and is so called, 
Wike whence derived.  for that it is a row of houses leading into Kingston, which row of houses in Latin is called Vicus, in our tongue Vyke or Wyke, of the Saxons pyc. Vadianus an excellent Geographer, 
Vadian Cosme.  saith that Vicus in opido via est domorum seriem complexa, Vike is a way or passage in a town being orderly compact of houses, which we also cala street. In Rome are divers of these streets, as Vicus affricus, Vicus ciprius, & Vicus celeratus, Vicus sceleratus Roma.  
Kenton, K. 10.   

L.  

London, F. 20. the most famous City in all Britain, which Erasmus upon the Proverb Rhodii sacrificium, saith, is deducted of Lindus a city of the isle of Rhodes, Stephanus calleth it Lyndonium, the Saxons Londenscaster, Londenbiryg Londenƿyc, Ptolomey, Cornelius Tacitus, and Antonius, Londiniu, and Longidinium, Amianus Londinum: the Welshmen Lundayne, we call it London: jeffrey of Monmouth, Troia nova, or Ternovantum New Troy; some call it Luddestowne of Ludde the eldest son of Helie: Leland taketh it to be Trenovans, new Town, for that in the british tongue Tre signifieth a town: M. Camden seemeth, in some sort, to yield that it should be called London of the British word Lhwn, which signifieth a wood, or else he will have it London or Londinum of the British word Lhong, which signifieth ships or shipping, in regard that our Thamis yieldeth such apt access for ships even to the city.  
There is great variety among writers, who first founded this City: Some will have Brute the Trojan to be first builder of it, but Brute, and his history, is merely rejected of many in our days. It was reedefied by Lud, in the year of the world's creation 5131. 
Bale.  who builded the walls about it, and erected Ludgate, who also changed the name of Trenovant into Luddestowne, now London, for which alteration of Troy to Luddestowne, 
Gildas. Galfrid. Monuni. ponticus Brit. hist. lib. 1.  great contention arose among the Britons, as reporteth Gildas and others. But our late writers will not consent hereunto: Insomuch as this famous City lacketh the truth of it foundation, as many other famous monuments also do. But it now retaineth the name of London, famous through the whole world. A City of great Merchandise, populous, rich, and beautiful;  
This City was burned and greatly wasted by the host of the pagan Danes, in the time of king Alphred, 
Greg. in past. London burned.  as reporteth Gregory in his Pastoral about the year of Christ 872. 
London reedefied.  This Alphred about the year 886. in the 35. year of his nativity reedefied this City, beautifying the same with fair buildings, and committed the custody thereof to Alphred Earl of Mercia, 
Fabyan.  as the same Gregory reporteth.  
A great part of London was again burned about the year of Christ 981. At what time it had most buildings, from Ludgate towards Westminster, and little, where the heart of the City now is, but buildings scattered here and there out of form and order: So that it seemed inferior to divers other Cities of this land, as Lincoln, Canterbury, York and others, as by the role of Winchester appeareth. But after the conquest it was reedefied, and by the conqueror greatly increased, So that by degrees it is become a most ample and stately City, far excelling all other in this land.  
This City was (before the conquest) made by William Duke of Normandy) governed by Portreeves, called of the Saxons portgerefas whom the Germans call Burgreves, 
The government of London.  which government Richard the first altered, and appoimed two bailiffs. Who in the time of King john and by his command were discharged, for a time, by 35. elders or heads of the City, for a contempt against the King. But they were not long in disgrace, but through their submission and the discreet handling of the matter by these 35. heads or elders of the City, the King not only forgave the bailiffs, but granted unto the City by his letters patents, that they should yearly choose unto themselves, a Mayor which usually is of one of the 12. companies, mentioned in the Map of the City, and two Sheriffs who have been accustomed to take their oath upon Saint Mathewes day, nine days before Michaelmas, and upon Michaelmas day to take their charge, but it is now otherwise. The first Mayor was chosen in the tenth year of King john, 
The first Mayor of Lodnon.  Anno 1209. Every May or was wont to be presented to the King wheresoever he was in England, until Henry the thirds time, about Anno 1242. and before the King to be sworn; after that it was referred to the Barons of the Exchequere, and so continueth to this day. Sir john Allin knight, twice Mayor of London gave a collar of gold to be successively worn by the Mayor Anno 1544. In the time of H. 3. also the Aldermen of the City were ordained, 
Alcermen of London.  who took rule of the particular wards thereof, 25. in number, and these Aldermen were yearly changed as are the Sheriffs, but now it is otherwise, which wards and the parishes in them are these.  

Tower ward.  
S. Olafe.  
All-hallows at Berking.  
S. Dunstane.   

Billingsgate ward.  
S. Botolph.  
S. George in pudding lane:  
S. Androw in Eastcheap.  
S. Margaret Pattens.  
S. Marry hill.   

Dowgate ward.  
S. Laurance Pountney.  
All-hallows the more.  
All-hallows the less.   

Bridgestreete ward.  
S. Bennet of grace Church.  
S. Leonard in Eastcheap.  


Newfishstreete.  
S. Margaret in Bridgestreete.  
S. Magnes in Bridgestreete.     

Walbrooke ward.  
S. john in Walbrooke.  
S. Marry B.  
S. Swythyn in Candlewikestreet.  
S. Stephen in Walbrooke.  
S. Marry Woulchurch in the Poultry.  
S. Sith in Bucklersbury.   

Candlewikestreete ward.  
S. Martin Orgor.  
S. Clement.  
S. Michael in Crooked lane.  
S. Marry Abchurch.   

Langburne ward.  
All-hallows Stains in Lumbarestreet.  
S. Gabriel.  
S. Dionis in Fanchurch street.  
S. Edmond.  
S. Nicholas Acon.  
S. Marry Wolnoth in Lumbare street.   

Algate ward.  
S. andrew's Vndershaft.  
S. Katherine's by Christeschurch.  
S. Katherine Colman.   

Port Sowkin ward.  
S. Botolph without Algate.   

Lymestreete ward.  
S. Marry Na●●.   

Bushopes gate ward.  
S. Botolph at the gate.  
S. Alborgth.  
All-hallows within S. Helines.   

Cornhill ward.  
S. Michael.  
S. Peter.   

Brodestreete ward.  
S. Martin Outwich.  
S. Bennet Finck.  
S. Bartholomew the little.  
S. Christopher.  
S. Peter the poor.  
S. All-hallows on the wall.   

Colmanstreet ward.  
S. Sthephen.  
S. Olafe in the jury.  
S. Margares in Lothburie.   

Cheap ward.  
S. Laurence in the jury.  
S. Marry Bow.  
All-hallows in honey lane.  
S. Marry of Colchurch.  
S. Myldreds' in the Pultrie.  
S. Bennes Shorehog.  
S. Martin Poniers.  
S. Martin in Iremonger lane.  
S. mary's.   

S. Marry or Aldermarie.  
S. Anceline.  
S. Pancras.   

Queenehyth ward.  
S. Mychaell.  
S. Marry Somerset.  
S. Marry Mowthaw.  
S. Nicholas Olafe.  
S. Nicholas cold Abbey.  
S. Peter.   

Breadstreet ward.  
All-hallows in Breadstreet.  
S. Myldred.  
S. Mathie.  
S. Io. Evangelist.  
S. Augustine at Paul's gate.  
S. Margaret Moses.  
S. Botolph.  
S. Margaret in Friday street.   

Vintry ward.  
S. Martin.  
S. Mychaell College.  
S. Thomas Apostole.  
S. james on Garlikehyth.  
Trinity in Knightriderstreete.   

Beynerdeastle ward.  
S. andrew.  
S. Bennet.  
S. George.  
S. Marry Magdelene in old fishstreete.   

The ward of Farringdon infrá.  
S. evan.  
S. Nùholas in the Fleshshambles.  
S. Faiths in Paul's.  
S. Martin within Ludgate.  
S. Mychaell at Querns.  
S. Fauster in Fauster lane.  
S. Peter at the cross of Cheap.  
S. Gregory in Paul's Churchyard.  
S. Genyn within S. Martin le grand.   

The ward of Farringdon extra.  
S. Dunstane.  
S. Bride.  
S. Androw in Holborn.  
S. Pulcher without Newgate.   

aldresgatestreet ward.  
S. Botolph without Aldresgate.  
S. Anne.  
S. john Zacharie.  
S. Leonard in Fauster lane.  
S. Marry Staining.  
S. Matthew in silver street.   

Bassinghall ward.  
S. Mychaell.   

Creplegate ward.  
S. Marry Magdelene.  
S. Marry in Aldermanburie.  
S. Michael in Hogginlane.  
S. Albon in Woodstreet.  
S. Elsinge spittle now a parish church.  
S. Olafe in Syluerstreete.  
S. Gyles without the gate.   

Wards 25.  
Parishes. 113.   
Other Churches there are within this City not mentioned in the wards, nor used as parish Churches: whereof the first is Paul's, 
Paul's builded.  a most stately temple, builded by Ethelbert king of Kent, anno, 610. who consecrated the same unto S. Paul. It was afterward augmented by Mauricius bishop of London, anno 1107. Henry Lacie Earl of Lincoln, builded the south cross I'll, & was there buried anno 1310. It is a Cathedral Church the bishop's Sea of London; sometime the archbishop's Sea, but removed thence to Caunterburie, by the means of S. Augustine, at the request of the Citizens of Caunterbury. 
Paul's steeple.  In the middle of this famous temple, is a Tower most artificially raised upon strong pillars, very admirable to be considered, for that the foundation of the same main Tower can not be discerned in the body of the Church, and yet ascendeth in great altitude, as it were in the centre of the church, not (without curious view) to be seen, how it is supported: upon this Tower was raised a Pyramid or (as we commonly term it) as Steeple, covered with lead, which is said to have been in altitude equal with the church in longitude, the height thereof is recorded to be 534. foot from the ground: which stately pyramid or steeple was thrice consumed with fire: 
Paul's steeple burned three times.  first in the year of Christ 1087. which was not long after newly erected: and burned again anno 1444. after that raised and again consumed with fire, by unknown means (the judgement of God enkindling it) in the year of Christ 1561. to the terror of the whole City: remaining as yet wihtout that stately ornament.  
There lieth buried Sebba king of the east Saxons who died anno domini 633. in a coffin of marble with cover of the same, his arms these.   blazon or coat of arms 
There also lieth buried Etheldred king of England, 
King Etheldred burted.  the son of Edgar who died anno domini 1017. in a coffin of marble with cover of the same.  
There lieth also john surnamed Plantagenet in a stately monument, 
10. Plantagenet buried.  artificially raised of white free stone, whose stile is thus there recorded.  
Illustrissimus jacet hic, johannes cognomento Plantagenet, Rex Castiliae, & Legionis, Dux lancaster, Comes Richmondiae Lecestriae, Lincolnie & Derbiae, locum tenens Aquitaniae, magnus Senescallus Angliae obiit anno 22. Ric. 2. Annoque Domini 1399.  
Also there was a Church at the Crotched friars now converted to other use.  
A Church at Augustine friars founded by Humphrey Bohune E. of H●●tford, 
1253.   
A Church called Tho. of Acris near the great conduct in Cheap founded by Thomas fitz-Theobald in the time of H. 2. who gave the same Church to the Mercers for a piece of money, 
Rec. E. 3. Anno 19  at the suit of sir Richard Gresham knight, and is now used for the Mercer's hall.  
The Temple within Temple bar, 
The Temple.  whose founder is not certainly recorded, yet some hold it to be that which was called Templum pacis or Concordiae, builded by Dunwallo Mulmutius, about the year of the worlds creation 4748. and therein was buried the same Mulmutius and also Gorbomanus and others. 
Galfr. Mon.  But some take the Temple of peace to be that which is now Blackwellhall. There are in this Temple, many very ancient monuments of famous men, shaped in Marble armed, their legs cross, whose names are not to be gathered, by any inscription, for that, time hath worn it out. The form of this Temple, in the west, is made circular, loftly raised with Marble pillars, set also circule●ly, so that it serveth, the students of the house for a walk most necessary, & that, for a multitude without disturbance of one by the other, by reverting. Some say it was founded by the king's templars which were in England about the year of Christ 1185. but it seemeth that this Temple is far more ancient.  
There was annexed unto the Stilliarde an ancient Church called the Temple also, and after the dissolution thereof, 
A temple near the Stilliarde.  it was given to the students of the Law, bearing the name of White hall, 
White hall.  which belike in regard of the distance from the other houses of Law, it was at the length neglected and forsaken, which house seemeth to be of the number of the houses of Chancery, in the time of Henry the sixth, when Master Fortescue compiled his book of the Laws of England, wherein he affirmeth that there were in, and near London, ten Inns of Chancery, now but eight, in which number of ten, was accounted this White hall, & the Strand Inn, which stood within the compass of Somerset house near the Strand.  
The Stilliarde (called of the Goths the Haunse) signifieth a place of meeting of the people, 
Stilliarde why so called.  and especially the Merchants of many Countries, and Cities: as of England, France, Denmark, Muscouie, Brabant, Flaunders, and many other, where they interchanged Merchandise by the sundry privileges and freedoms of many Kings, Dukes, and Princes, which of late years hath by little and little discontinued. It is not against reason, to think that these ancient Temples were erected by the Pagans wherein they offered sacrifices to their country gods. 
Galfr. Mon.  For it appeareth by the history of jeffery of Monmoth that while C. Alectus Captain of the Roman host, was thus busied in his Pagan sacrifice M. Aur. Asclepiodotus duke of Cornwall whom the Britons had elected to be their King, came to London, and besieged, and entered it; between whom was a hard conflict and Asclepiodotus vanquished the Romans and after beset Gallus another Captain of the Romans who remained in the city, and overcame him, who with his Romans being put to the sword the chief Captain Gallus was cast into a brook, which then, and long since, ran through the City, whereof it is supposed to be called of the ancient Britons, 
Walbrooke.  Nantgall of the Saxons galenbourne, and of us at this day Wallbrooke, which runneth near London stone which stone is near in the mid way between Ludd gate and the Tower postern gate.  
There are about this City 11. Gates of name, whereof four are towards the north, as Aldersgate supposed to be so called of the Alders which grew there, and some hold it to take name of Aldricius the Saxon, it may be so called of the antiquity thereof, Aldestgate in the comparative degree as Aldgate, Newgate, in the positive. Creplegat, So called for that it was the house for halt and lame, a hospital for cripples and impotent people, it hath been of late re-edified by Edmond Thaa in the year of Christ 1490. Moregate so called for that it was the passage into a moorish, merish, or watery ground, which is called Moor field, though now brought to be more firm, by the industry and charge of a Mayor of London about 180. years past. Bushopes gate builded by certain Merchants which traveled into german belonging to the old Haunce: But it seemeth by the adjunct that it should be builded by a Bushop.  
There are upon the Thamis three gates, though two of them seem rather ports or havens for ships and boats than gates for passage, only the Bridge gate is a thorough fare, or passage by horse and foot, but Billingsgate is a harbour or kaye for shipping, yet hath the name of a gate, for that it was erected first like a gate, 
Galfr. Mon.  by belinus, and of him called Bellines gate, in the top whereof he caused to be erected a Pyramid and on the top of it a vessel of stone, wherein he appointed the ashes of his brent body to be put after his death. There is also Dowgate or Dourgate that is Watergate  
On the east is one gate called Aldegate, so called of the antiquity thereof, as M. Camden and others suppose.  
On the west are two gates Luddgate or Luddesgate, of LUDD the supposed founder, who is said to lie interredin the Church of S. Martin's within the gate. 
Anno ante Christum 66.  This gate was of late years newly builded and made a most stately gate about the year of Christ, 1586. to the great charge of the City. 
Galfr. Mon.  jeffrey of Monmouth reporteth, that the image of CADWALLO was in brass artificially fixed on a brazen horse, set on the top of this gate, 
Cadwallo buried  in token of a victory had against the Saxom: whose body was also buried in S. Martynes church within the gate.  
There was between London and Southwark long time passage by ferry until the Citizens caused a bridge of wood to be erected: 
Lonlon bridge.  after that, in the time of R 1 c. 2. anno 1176. they began to build a bridge of stone, which in the time of king JOHN they most artificially finished, anno 1209. contriving it of 20. at ches, and in the midst a draw bridge, and upon the same bridge on either side, the houses so artificially combined, that the whole bridge seemeth not only a main and fair street, but men seem to pass under a continual roof; the bridge is in height 60. foot, in breadth 30. foot, the arches are in sunder 20. foot, there are under the north arch of this bridge, most artificially erected certain wheels or tied miles, which rise and fall according to the ebbs & floods, and they raise the water by pipes and counductes so high that it serveth such citizen's houses in all places of London, as will bestow charge toward the conducting thereof: The buildings upon this bridge, on either side were consumed with fire Anno 1208. 
Pollid. Virg.   
There is near the three Cranes, a Church called now S. michael's, sometime Whittingdon College founded by sir Whittingdon, sometime Mayor of London.  
There was in that place which is now known by the name of Blackfriars, an ancient and strong castle, which was called palatine, burned in the time of WILLIAM the Conqueror: in the place of which castle are at this day erected many fair & beautiful buildings, and here and there the ancient walls and buildings as yet appear.  
On the east part of the City, is a most famous and strong Castle, called the Tower of London, the main tower whereof, some suppose to be builded by JULIUS CAESAR. It is strong and ample, well walled and trenched about, beautified with sundry builddings, semblable to a little town.  
There is in Cornhill a most famous monument, stately erected by sir thomas Gresham knight, who named it the Burse, 
The Royal Exchange.  whereunto afterward Queen ELIZABETH gave the name of Royal exchange; It is the place of the place of the public meeting of Merchants, aswell English as foreign, whereunto twice every day they duly resort, the form of the building is quadrate, with walks round the main building supported with pillars of marble, over which walks is a place for the sale of all kind of wares, richly stored with variety of all sorts. It was builded about the year 1568.   

Leadenhall near Cornhill was builded by one Sunken Eyre, 
Leaden hall.  about anno 1444. a place of provision, or store house for relief for the poor in time of dearth.  
Many things might be spoken of this famous City which would too far exceed my purpose. 
The Longitude and Latitude of London.  It hath latitude 52. degrees, & longitude 19 degrees 15. minutes. It is most sweetly seituate upon the Thamis, served with all kind of necessaries most commodioussie. The air healthful, it is populous, rich and beautiful, be it also faithful, loving and thankful.   

Lodghill D. 16. a hill or fort in Harnesey or Hornesey park, and is called Lodghill, 
Lodghill sometime a for'rs.  for that thereon sometime stood a lodge, when the park was replenished with Dear, but it seemeth by the foundation that it was rather a castle, than a lodge, for the hill is at this day trenched with two deep ditches, now old and overgrown with bushes: the double thereof, as brick, tile, and Cornish slate, are in heaps yet to be seen, which ruins are of great antiquity, as may appear by the oaks, at this day standing (above 100 years growth,) upon the very foundation of the building. It did belong to the bishop of London, at which place have been dated divers cuidences, some of which remain yet in the bishop's regestrie (as is said.)  
This park hath been replenished with stately timber trees in great abundance, now with the famous fort fallen to the ground as the Poet saith, 
Euum cuncta rapit furtiuáque temporamutant.  
Naturam, fortem, Nominaque & faciem.    
** Ludraves, b. 18. a fair house scytuate in a valley near Enseylde chase, belonging unto  
Lymehouse, G. 22.  
Lalam, I. 8.  
Littleton I. 8. in regard of the quantity it may be called Linletowne. 
Linluon.    

M.  
More hall, E. 4.  
Mylhill, D. 14.  
Muswell hill, D. 18. called also Pinsenall hill: there was a chapel sometime bearing the name of our Lady of Muswell: where now alderman Roe hath erected a proper house, the place taketh name of the Well and of the hill, Mousewell hill, for there is on the hill a spring of fair water, which is now within the compass of the house. 
The Lady of Muswell.  There was sometime an image of the lady of Muswell, whereunto was a continual resort, in the way of pilgrimage, growing as is (though as I take it) fabulously reported, in regard of a great cure which was performed by this water, upon a king of Seats, who being strangely diseased, was by some divine intelligence, advised to take the water of a Well in England, called Muswell, which after long scrutation, and inquisition, this Well was found and performed the cure; absolutely to deny the cure I dare not, for that the high God hath given virtue unto waters, to heal infirmities, as may appear by the cure of Naaman the leper, by washing himself seven times in jordan, 
2. King. 1.14. john 5.2.  and by the pool Bethesda, which healed the next that stepped thereinto, after the water was moved by the angel.  
* Mockings, called also the manor of Mockings, D. 22. an ancient house, of the Lord Compton's, moated about.  
Morehatch, A. 20. a hamlet of Enfeylde.  
Marybone, F. 18.  
Meerstreete, F. 22. a member of Hackney.   

N.  
Northend, C. 16. a hamlet of Finchley.  
** Newington, E. 20. there, the Earl of Oxford is sometime refident, in a very proper house.  
Neesdon, or Neusdon, E. 14. a house sometime the Elringtons. Northolt lodge, F. 6.  
Northolt, F. 8. it soundeth Northwood, for holes in the German tongue signifieth wood.  
Norwood, or Northwood, F. 8.  
Norcote, or Northcote, G. 8.   

O.  
Old ford, F. 22. a village taking name of the ford or passage at that place, over the river Lea in time past.  
* Osterley, or Oysterley, G. 10. the house now of the lady Greshams, 
Osterley builded.  a fair and stately building of brick, erected by sir Thomas Gresham knight, Citizen and Merchant adventurer of London, and finished about anno 1577. It standeth in a park by him also impaled, well wooded, and garnished with many fair ponds, which afforded not only fish, and fowl, as swanes, and other water foul: but also great use for mills, as paper mills, oil mills, and corn mills, all which are now decayed (a corn mill excepted.) In the same park was a very fair Heronrie, for the increase & preservation whereof, sundry allurements were devised and set up fallen all to ruin.   

P.  
Prnner, E. 8.  
* Pymmes, C. 20. a proper little house of the right Honourable Lord Burghley, Lord high Treasurer of England.  
Ponder sen, B. 20. a hamlet of Enfeylds.  
Potter's bar, A. 16.  
Preston, E. 12.  
Peryvale, or Purevale, F. 10. of this place is spoken before in the nature of the soil of MYDDLESEX.  
Paddington, F. 16.  
Paddingwyke, G. 14. for the the signification of Wyke see Kingstonwyke.  
Pancras Church, 
Pancras Church very ancient. F. 20.  standeth all alone as utterly forsaken, old and weather-beaten, which for the antiquity thereof, it is thought not to yield to Paul's in London: about this Church have been many buildings, now decayed, leaving poor Pancras without company or comfort: yet it is now and then visited with Kentish town and Highgate, which are members thereof: but they seldom come there, for that they have chapels of ease within themselves, but when there is a corpse to be interred, they are forced to leave the same in this forsaken church or churchyard, where (no doubt) it resteth as secure against the day of resurrection as if it lay in stately Paul's.  
Pancras as desolate as it standeth is not forsaken of all: aprebrend of Paul's accepeth it in right of his office.  
Parson's green, H. 16.   

R.  
Riselip E. 16.   

S.  

Zion. H. 12. was built by HENRY the 5. sometimes a house of monks, 
Zion builded.  but this king expelled them, and in't heir place established certain virgins of Bridgets order; and appointed of them so many with priests and lay brethren, as were equal with the number of the Apostles and Disciples of Christ, namely of virgins 60. priests 13. deans, 4. lay brethren 8. which made 13. Apostles, and 72. Disciples of Christ, upon whom having bestowed sufficient revenues for their maintenance, he made a law that they should not accept of any other gift, but content themselves with his contribution: and to bestow on the poor whatsoever was above that which might reasonably suffice them.  
It is now a house of her Majesties, standing most pleasantly upon the river of Thames. It was called Zion in remembrance of that hill in jerusalem, which was called the Holy hill, the mount of the Lord, the City of David, Mouns Zion.   
** Swakeleys, E. 6. sometime a house of the Brockeyes, now fir Thomas Shirley's.  
Stanmer great, D. 10.  
Stanmer little, called also Whytechurch, D. 10.  
South mymmes. A. 14. there is a fair warren of coneys of the Lo. Windsores.  
Shackelwell, E. 22.  
Shoreditch, F. 20.  
Stretford on the bow, F. 24. the bridge over the river lea, 
Ree. E. anno 22.  is the Bow, and thereof is called Stratford on the bow, near it, is an old church, founded by HEN. 2.  

Stepney, or Stybenhyth, 
Sir Henry Collet knight buried  or Stibonbeath, F. 22. In the church thereof is buried sir Henry Collet knight, twice Mayor of London, who was father to john Collet, sometime Deane of Paul's, who alone builded Paul's school, his arms these.   blazon or coat of arms 
There lieth also the Lady Anne Wentworth wife to Thomas Lord Wentworth, 
Stepney. Lady Wentworth buried.  and daughter to Henry Wentworth Esquire. She died the second of Sept. 1571.   blazon or coat of arms 
Sir Thomas Spers knight sometime controller of the ships to H. 8. Dame Margery, 
Sir Thomas Spert knight buried.  Dame Anne, and Dame Mary his wives, lie in the Chancel there, he deceased Anno 1541.   blazon or coat of arms 
In the north I'll of the same Church lieth William Chaldnam esquire, 
William Chaldnam Esquire buried.  and joan his wife he died the 27. of Sept. Anno 1484.   blazon or coat of arms  
Strand, called the Stroud H. 4. a hamlet near Cheswyke, and called the Strand, for that it bordereth so near the Thamies.  
Southholt, signifieth Southwood, G. 8.  
Sypson, G. 6.  
** Stanwell H. 6. there was the ancient house of the Windsores.  
Stanes Church, H. 6.  

Stanes town, I. 6. it is called in the Saxon tongue. Stana. It standeth upon the Thamis, A market town kept on the Friday weekly, it is governed by two Constables and four Headborrowes: the town is her majesties land, and the officers chosen by her highness Steward. It standeth from the church half a mile, and the Church standeth upon a little hill by itself, at if it were banished the town.  
Some affirm it to be called Stanes of the Stakes called Coway Stakes, 
Coway stakes.  which were fixed in the Thamies by the Brytons, to prevent julius Caesar, of passing his army through the river. There is a town called Stanes upon the frontiers of Italy in Tyroll, upon the river Inn. 
Bunn meadow.  There is a meadow near Stanes called Bunn meadow, where king JOHN had parley with his barons, and where were sealed between them certain writings of truce.   

Sunburye K. 10. Nicasius Yetsworth esquire, 
Nicasius Yetsworth buried.  sometime secretary of the French tongue to Queen ELIZABETH: And marry his wife, daughter to Ieames Bowser esquire, lie buried in the same church.   blazon or coat of arms 
There was also buried Daniel Roger's Esquire sometime Clerk of the Counsel to Queen ELIZABETH a man of excellent learning, 
Daniel Rogers buried.  and knowledge of tongues, and often employed in embassage into Germainie, Denmark, Low Countries, etc.   blazon or coat of arms  
Shepperton K. 8.   

T.  

Tottenham or Totheham D. 20. In which Church is buried George Heningham esquire sometime servant, & greatly favoured of K. Henry the eight he founded there a little hospital or almshouse for three poor widows.  
* At this place the Lord Compton hath a proper ancient house.   
Tottenham highcrosse D. 20. a hamlet belonging to Tottenham. and hath this adjunct Highcrosse of a wooden cross, there loftly raised on a little mount of earth.  
Tottenham street C. 20.  
Twyforde west E. 12. So called of two little brooks or fords that pass near it. It is a parish but it hath but one only house thereunto belonging, which is one john Lions Gentleman.  
Twyforde east E. 12. belonging to a prebend of Paul's.  
Toven Court F. 18. belonging to a prebend of Paul's.  
Turnham green G. 14.  
Thistle worth or Istleworth H. 12. a place scytuate upon the Thamis, not far from whence, between it and Worton, 
Copper and brass  is a copper and brass mill, where it is wrought out of the oar, melted and forged. The oar, or earth, whereof it is contrived, is brought out of Somerset shire from Mendip hills, the most from Worley hill, many artificial devices there are to be noted in the performance of the work.  
Twickenham I. 12 a parish seytuate upon the Thamis. 
Twickenham why so called.  So called either for that, at that place the Thames seemeth to be divided into two Rivers by reason of the Islands there, or else of the two brooks which near the town enter into the Thamis, for Twicknam is as much as Twynam, quasi inter binos amnes situm, a place scytuate between two rivers.  
Tuddinton I. 12.   

V  
Uxbridge or Woxbridge F. 4. a market town upon the edge of the shire, it is no parish of itself, but is amember of great Hellingdon, but they have a Chapel of ease built by Ro. Oliver, Thomas Mandin, john Palmer, & john Barforde of the same town. In the fix and twentieth year of Henry the sixth. The market is kept on the Thursday. it is governed by two Bailiffs, two Constables, and four tithingmen called also Headborrowes, or as the Saxons call them Borhesealdors the chiefest or head pledges.  
Vxenden or Oxenden E. 12.   

W.  
** Woodhall E. 8. the house of  
* Wirehall E. 20. the house of leek Esquire.  
Waltham cross A. 20. the farthest part of this shire towards the north, goeth to the Spittle there.  
Whitweb A. 20.  
Whetstone C. 16.  
Wilsdon of the Saxons ƿiverlsdune E. 14.  
Wembly hill E. 12.  
West bourn F. 16. West water.  
Winchmore hill B. 20.  

Westminster G. 18. Sometime called Thorney of the Saxons ðorney of some Dorney but (as I take it) D. is pronounced in steed of Th. as it is in many other ancient Saxon words, 
Dorney for Thorney.  as father, Mother, Brother, for Father, Mother, Brother, which error ariseth belike of the mistaking of the capital D. abreaviated thus Ð. which is as much as Th. and the little d. thus abbreviated ð. for Th. which abreviations are often taken for the simple D. and d. by reason whereof it was called Dorney for Ðorney.  
This Thorney now Westminster was an Island environed with the Thamis, which divided itself, and one branch passed between Charing cross and Kings-streete, throrowgh S. Ieames park that now is, 
Thorney sometime an Island.  including Tootehill, and was called Thorney Island, for that it was overgrown with briars and thorns; which Thorney place was in the time of King LUCIUS (as Authors affirm) cleansed, about the year 186. which LUCIUS is said to lay the first foundation of the great Temple of S. Peter's. 
S. Peter's founded.  But Authors greatly vary touching the founders of the same Temple. Master Camden from Sulcardus reporteth that there was first a Temple in that place, dedicate to Apollo, which was overthrown by an earth quake in the time of Antonius Pius. 
Galfr. Mon.  It is not unlike that such an Idol Temple was, for it is reported by ancient Authors, that the Troynovantes, or Trinobantes, did sometime sacrifice Bulls, Bullocks, Stags, and such like to Diana Tauropolia whom the Gentiles called the Queen of Heaven. Of the ruins of that Idol Temple, It is said that SEBERTUS King of the east Saxons erected another Temple for the service of the living God, and consecrated the same to S. Peter, about the year of Christ 610. near about the time of the building of Paul's. Afterwards it was destroyed by the Danes, 
Math. Westm.  and Dunstan Bushop of London, re-edified it about the year of Christ 960. and made there a monastery for 12. Munckes. Fabian saith it was builded by the means of ETHELBERT King of Kent, who also built Paul's in London.  
I have heard that there are, or have been, records in't he same Abbey, which declare that it was a Church before the Britons received the faith, of Christ, which should seem to be that Idol Church of Apollo before LUCIUS time.   map of Westminster 
WESTMINSTER  
After Thorney, it became to be called Westminster, and that in regard of the scytuation of it west of London: for on the Tower hill was a monastery called Eastminster, 
Eastminster.  of the easterly standing thereof, which was called also New abbey, founded by EDW. 3. in the year 1359.  
There are within this temple, divers, and sundry, most rare and princely monuments: some of great antiquity, some also of later times, increasing daily, 
Edward confessor buried.  among the rest there lieth EDWARD called also the Confessor, who laboured before in this famous work, and caused his corpse to be interred in the west part of the Church, which when HEN. 3. had altered, he caused the body of EDW. to be removed, to the place where now it resteth, in the east part of the Church.  
Also there lieth HEN. 3. 
Henry the third buried. Tho. Walsing.  the finisher of this most famous work, whose tomb is there in most kingly manner erected, by the dutiful endeavour and charge of EDW. 1. son of the said HEN. 3. and for that purpose, he brought jasper stones out of France, wherewith he beautified his father's sumptuous sepulchre in anno 1280.  
Many other Kings and Queens, and persons of high state, have been there buried, of whom the whole catalogue to recite would be tedious.  
There is in this temple a stone, in form of a chair, 
A stone chair in S. Peter's Church  sometime serving, as the throne of the kings of Scots, and wherein they were crowned, which stone was brought out of Scone in Scotland by EDW. 1. son to HEN. 3. about anno 1297. which standeth not far from his father's monument, had in no little price at this day.  
There is adjoining unto this famous temple, 
A chapel of H. 7.  in the east end thereof, a chapel erected by HEN. 7. which in regard of the beauty, and curious contrived work thereof, is called of Lelande, Orbis miraculum: The wonder of the world. In this mirror of art, 
Orbis miraculum.  and archytect, are many rare and glorious monuments of Kings and Queens, 
H. 7. buried.  among whom the famous founder HEN. 7. lieth under a most regal tomb, framed & artificially form of brass, richly guilded with pure gold.  
near this chapel adjoining unto the Thamies, was an old famous building, 
Old palace.  called now the Old palace, which was consumed with fire, in the time of EDW. the Confessor.  
It was sometime the palace of king CANUTUS the Dane, 
Old palace king Canutus house.  also king of Denmark, and where he made his abode about the year of Christ, 1035. after his return from Rome into England, who in regard of his quadruplicitie of kingdoms, esteemed himself, more than a man mortal: for his Scicophants had so bewitched him with their enchanted flatteries, that he deemed himself no less than a God. 
The pride of Cauntus.  And in this proud conceit on a day he passed by the Thamies, which ran by that palace, at the flowing of the tide, & making stay near the water, the waves cast forth some part of the water towards him, this CANUTUS conjured the waves by his regal command to proceed no farther: the Thames unacquainted with this new God, held on it course, flowing as of custom it used to do, and refrained not to assail him near to the knees: whereat this high conceited man as one amazed, begun to tremble, starting back protesting that he was but a man, though a mighty king. And that he that governed those waters, was only worthy to be called a king, and all mortal men, most mighty kings, aught to subject them unto him. A worthy note whereby is seen how the almighty jehovah by his weak creatures, maketh to stoop the most puissant in his own conceit. Some part of this old palace is yet standing, as S. Stephen's chapel, and other buildings upon the Thamies, near unto which is a most famous hall, called Westminster hall, which was so called for that it was Aularegis, a king's court, but as touching the founder is great variety.  
Some affirm that WILLIAM RUFUS builded it: 
E. S. de. reb. Br.  but M. Camden affirmeth that Hoc quod nunc habemus pretorim RIC. 2. diruto vetustiori extruxit suaeque habitationi dicavit. RIC. 2. built it and made it his mansion house. But me thinks it is to be gathered by the words of Thomas Walsingham, 
Tho. Walls. hist. Aug.  that Westminster hall was in the time of EDW. the 2. where he saith, Si ipsi Barones cum suis assentatoribus in aula Westmonasterii & pleno parliamento venirent etc. whereby it appeareth that Westminster hall and the place of parliament there, was 64. years before RIC. 2. But some may say, that the great Hall that now is, 
Tho. Walls. Ypodigni. New. pag. 49.  was not in those days, but the Hall that is now called White hall, where the Court of of Requests is now kept. To answer that the same Thomas saith, Rex E. 1. Celebravit penticostes in aula magna apud Westmonasterium, whereby he maketh a distinction between those two hals, for the White hall was called also Aula parva, the little hall: which two hals and other buildings thereunto adjoining, were used by RIC. the 2. who caused all controversies there to be heard, (who as all other kings) in those days sat in judgement: 
Kings sat in Court to hear and determine causes.  & wheresoever the king was in person, there was the place of hearing, and determining causes: saving that the common pleas were by HEN. 3. appointed to be heard in a place certain, as appeareth in magna Charta, where it is said, Communia placita non sequntur Curiam nostram. Sed teneantur in aliquo loco certo. But at this day all causes of whatsoever nature, for the most part are heard and determinable, at this place as a place certain. 
S. Stephens chappelli   
Between Westminster hall, and the Thamies is a chapel of S. Stephens: sometime very beautiful, though now in the outward show something defaced: It was reedefied and augmented by EDW. 3. when he came victor out of France, about the year of Christ 1347.  
Westminster had sometime a house of monks, who were removed thence by HEN. 7. and a Dean with certain Prebends established. 
Westminster a bishop's sea.   
In the time of EDWARD 6. it was made a bishops See, but shortly after it came again to a Dean and Prebends; Again Queen MARIE ordained there an Abbot and his monks, who continued not many years, but were again cut off by act of parliament: Lastly our most gracious Queen ELIZABETH made it a collegiate Church: instituting a Dean, twelve Prebends, twelve well deserving soldiers, and forty scholars: who are thereby termed The Queen's scholars, who, as they become worthy, are preferred to the Universities. All which pupils, as long as they continue in this college, are under the Dean, now D. Goodman. 
Alex. Nevell. Norwic.   
Alexander Nevell Norwic. affirmeth that the Bishops of Caunterburie, in the time of RIC. the 1. did make their most abode at Westminster, as they do now at Lambeth, or Lomehith, and had over against the school that now is, a stately house: 
Lelande.  yet Lelande affirmeth the contrary, who saith, that the Bishops of Caunterburie have continued at Lambeth since the normans coming into this land.  
There is an ancient monument within the liberty of Westminster, 
Charing cross.  called Charing cross, erected about the year of Christ, 
Tho. Walls.  1290. by EDW. 1. in memorial of the death of Elineor his Queen, who died at Hardly near Lincoln, & was buried in Westminster.  
The liberty of Westminster extendeth to Temple bar: 
Temple bar.  so cal-called of the Temple within the same bar, and is called the bar for that it stoppeth and barreth the Mayor of London, as also the Magistrates of Westminster, that neither intrude upon other. This bar or gate was thrown down by the Kentish rebels, in the time of RIC. 2.  
Within the liberty of Westminster are four parish Churches, 
Parish Churches in the liberty of Westminster.  besides S. Peter's, namely,  
S. Margaret's  
S. Martynes near Charing cross.  
The Savoy Church.  
S. Clements, called Saint Clement's Dacorum, or Saint Clements Danes.  
In the time of superstition there was in Westminster, a place called the Sanctuary, 
The Sanctuary.  of an old Mosaical rite, used among the Israelites, among whom every tribe had certain cities, and places of refuge, to which malefactors might repair, and for a time be protected from the rigour of the law.  
There was at Westminster kept a staple of wool, 
The Woulstaple.  and is at this day, called the Woolstaple, established in the time of EDWARD the 3.  
The Savoy was first built (as M. Stowe hath record) by Peter Earl of Savoy, 
The Savoy.  who was after made Earl of Richmonde, by HENRY the 3. who called it the Savoy after his Country. But Poll. Virg. 
Pollid. Virg.  alloweth him not Earl of Savoy, but calleth him Petrus sebaudiensis: Peter a Savoyan, or of the country of Savoy, who as the same Poll. affirmeth, built the same, and called it the Savoy, of his native Country Savoy. It was belonging unto the Duke of Lancaster, in the time of RIC. the 2. in whose time it was wasted, burned, and spoiled by the Kentish rebels, about the year 1381. It was reedefied by HEN. 7. by whose last will, it was intended to be finished, and made an Hospital, for the relief of a 100 poor people, which was performed by the most famous HEN. the 8. his son, and sufficiently furnished with land, and revenues, for the maintenance thereof.  
Queen ELIZABETH hath within the precincts of this City three fair and pleasant palaces: 
Houses of Queen Elizabeth's within Westminster.  namely White hall, begun by Cardinal Woolsey, and finished, with many most princely delights, by HEN. 8. S. Ieames, erected by the same king HEN. 8. and Somerset house builded by the Duke of Somerset about the year of Christ 1549.  
There are other houses worthy to be remembered within this liberty of Westminster as Burghley house, 
Burgley house.  founded and erected by the right honourable S. William Cycell knight, Lord Burghley, Lord high treasoror of England.  
Durham or Dunelme house sometime belonging to the Bishop of Durham, 
Durham house builded.  it was builded by one Anthony Beck in the time of RICHARD the third. Other famous houses of nobility are in this precinct, which to mention I omit for brevity.  

Places distinguished in the Map of Westminster by these letters and figures following.  
A. The Abbey.  
B. Westminster hall.  
D. Long ditch.  
E. Theving lane.  
F. The Amnerie.  
G. The way to Toothill field.  
H. The Lord Dacres.  
I. Lord Gray's.  
K. King's street.  
L. Round Woulstaple.  
M. The Park lodgings.  
N. The Tiltyard.  
O. S. Martynes in the field.  
P. Clement's Inn.  
Q. New Inn.  
R. S. Clements Danes.  
S. Temple bar.  
V Drury lane.  
Y. The Gatehouse.  
2. S. Margaret's.  
3. S. Stephen's alley.  
5. Petite France.  
6. H. 7. Chapel.  
7. Deans yard.  
8. Tennies Courts.  
9 Way to Hounslow.  
10. The Powder house.  
11. White hall Orchard.  
12. The Queen's Garden.  
13. Staple Inn.   
This City of Westminster is known to have no general trade whereby relief might be administered unto the common sort, as by Merchandise, clothing, or such like, whereby the common wealth of a City is maintained, and the inferior people set to work, had they not therefore some other means, the common sort could nor be sustained. 
The chief mean whereby Westminster is relieved.   
The first and principal mean whereby they are relieved, is her majesties residence at White hall, or S. Ieames, whence if her grace be long absent, the poor people forthwith complain of penury and want, of a hard and miserable world. And therefore do the people in manner generally seem to power forth daily petitions, that it might please God to draw her Majesty to be resident at one of these places, whereat they rejoice and far long the better. The like desire of her Royal presence have other places, where her majesties Palaces are placed. And her Majesty in gracious consideration of their estates, doth visit them as it were Alternis vicebus, by turn at her highness pleasure, more for the comfort and relief of the poor people, then for her own private delight. Therefore ye Citizens of Westminster, and other, whatsoever, forget not to be thankful to the the Almighty for her Royal presence, heartily praying the King of Kings, to maintain her a prospering Queen long and many years, and every faithful heart will join with you, having also the benefit of her blessed inclination.  
The second mean whereby this poor City is maintained, 
The second mean, the Terms.  and the people relieved, is by the four Terms in the year, for it hath pleased God to establish there, the place where justice, law, and every man's right is (God grant it) with equal balance, indifferently administered: whereunto great multitudes of people, usually flock, whose resort although the City enjoy but in the forenoon, yet yieldeth their presence, many pence to the poor town.  
There was in the time of EDW. 1. a discontinuance of the law, 
The hearing of causes removed to York.  in this City, and was thence removed to York, where it continued, seven years after reduced to the former place. It hath been often discontinued by the disfavour of Princes, and their conceived displeasure against the inhabitants of the place, for disobedience, as a general punishment. Receive this ye inhabitants of Westminster, as a necessary premonition, that ye rest careful and vigilant, lest the king of kings move her Majesty to place the determination of causes else where, which now is unto you no small support.  
The third and last mean (though it come seldom) is that great and general convention of all the estates of this land, 
The third mean, the Parliament.  the high Court of parliament, which draweth unto it a great access of noble persons, and others, to the place of assembly, which is also set most graciously within this City, which yieldeth no small relief unto the same, which also (as is recorded in histories) hath been holden at divers other places in this land.  
It is not yet forgotten, 
The term removed to Hertford.  no doubt, how the God offended, visited not only this City, but also London, with a dangerous late infection, insomuch as the last Michaelmas Term was removed to Hertforde castle, which pinched the poor, and made the rich to complain, in both these Cities: yet a more gentle forewarning of his displeasure he cannot show, who longing for new obedience in us, calleth us by divers means, and without speedy and hearty repentance we shall likewise perish.     

The principal high ways from London through Middlesex, and towards what especial places in England they lead.  

THe way noted with this figure 2. leadeth to Stanes, & thence towards Sarisburie, Exeter and other places in the west.  
3. Leadeth to Colnebrooke, towards Windsor, Reading, Bath, Bristol, etc.  
4. To Uxbridge, and so towards Oxford, Gloucester, & south Wales.  
5. To Egewoorth, towards Woodstock, Buckingham, Warwick, Stafford, Worcester, Chester, and north Wales.  
6. To S. Alban, towards Bedford, Northampton, Leicester, Derby, etc.  
7. Towards Waltham, Hartford, Bedforde, Huntingdon, Cambridge, into Norfolk: towards Lincoln, York and the Northern parts.  
9 To Stratford on the Bow, and so into Essex and Suffolk.  
10. Leadeth into Surrey and Sussex.  
11. To Kingston upon Thamis, Guyldford, Farneham, Winchester, Arrondell, Chechister, Southampton, Portesmouth, etc.    

Noblemen, and Gentlemen, for the most part, having houses, or residence, within this Shire.  

A.  
sir Ed. Anderson, Lord chief justice of the common pleas pag. 21.  
George Ashbie. pag. 16.  
George Atee. pag. 17.  
George Alleley at Daleson hill. pag. 18.   

B.  
L. Burghley, L. High Treasurer of England. pag. 38.  
L. Barnes. pag. 37.  
William Burrowes at lime house. pag. 36.  
Richard Bellamy.  
The Bushop of London. pag. 20.   

C.  
L. Compion pag. 37. 41.  
L. Corbet. pag. 21.  
L. Cornewell. pag. 18.  
L. Cockeram at Hamsted. pag. 22  
john Constable at old Ford. pag. 37.  
john Cornewallies. pag. 22.  
john Carl at Marrowbone park.   

D.  
E. of Derby at Istleworth. pag. 17.  
L. Dacres. pag. 17. 18. 23.   

F.  
sir john Fortescue knight, one of her Mayest privy counsel pag. 21.  
sir Fleetewood. pag. 19   

G.  
lady Gresham. pag. 37.  
lady Gylman at Twickenham pag. 41  
lady Gomershall, pag. 16.  
lady Gifford. pag. 37.  
lady Goddarde at Tottenham parsonage. pag. 41.  
lady Gerrard. pag. 223.   

H.  
Jerome Halley. pag. 17.  
john Hatrey, at Riselyp. pag. 38.  
sir rowland Hayward knight at Clapton. pag. 17.  
sir Huggines at Meerstreet. pag. 37.  
sir Io. Harrington at Stepney. pag. 39  
sir Hare at Pymmes. pag. 38.   

K.  
auditor King near Finchley. pag. 20.  
alderman Kempton at Hadley pag. 21.  
Thom. Kneuet at S. james park   

L.  
john Lions. pag. 41.  
john leek. pag. 41.  
john Lacye. pag. 18.   

M.  
john Middlemore. pag. 19  
sir Richard Martin knight near Tottenham.   

N.  
L. North. pag. 22.  
George Nicholson at Twickenham. pag. 41.   

O.  
earl of Oxford. pag. 37.  
alderman Offley at Clapton. pag. 17.   

P.  
sir john Popham knight, Lord chief justice of England. pag. 20.  
Ric. Peacock, at Northend. pag. 37.  
Ric. plumb at Northende by Fulham.  
Ric. Pain at Harlstone green. pag. 23.  
Ric. pain near Harnesey. pag. 21.   

Q.  
Ric. Quynnye at Chalcot, or Chalkhill. pag. 17.   

R.  
Ric. Roan. pag. 25.  
Ric. Ryth at Twickenham. pag. 41.  
alderman Roe. pag. 36.  
alderman rider at Stepney. pag. 39  
lady Isabella Counties of Rutland at Steyney. pag. 39   

S.  
sir Thomas Shirley. pag. 39  
sir Sewell at Cannons. pag. 17.  
sir Skenington near Harnesey pag. 21.  
sir Skevington. pag. 17.  
sir Sadler ad Edmonton. pag. 18.  
sir doctor Seysar near Tottenham.   

T.  
sir Trott. pag. 17.  
sir Throgmorton at Stepney pag. 39  
sir Thomson at Lalam. pag. 36.   

V  
sir Vaughan at Littleton. pag. 36.   

W.  
L. Wentworth. pag. 17.  
john Wallison, at Riselipe. pag. 38.  
Robert Wroth. pag. 17. & 37.  
William Waade. pag. 16.  
Richard Weeks at Hamsteed. pag. 22.    
FINIS.   

I crave patience though I have not given to every man his addition of Esquire or Gent. for that I may easily err therein, without the especial aid of an expert Herald.   

To the right worshipful M. WILLIAM WAADE Esquire, one of the clerks of her majesties most Honourable privy Counsel.  
SIR, I cannot rest unready in desire, to yield requital of your aid extended towards the publication of this first part of my SPECULUM BRITANNIAE: wherein I must, and do thankfully acknowledge your good inclination not towards me only, but to all such as endeavour matters tending to public good. In am therefore of a farther faithful recompense, accept, I beseech you, my willing endeavour, until time afford ableness to make better repay.  
In magnis & voluisse dat est, I. N.   

A I Lettori.  

HAspeso molti di per Amor vostro.  
A pinger quest cart famigliare,  
Citte, castelli, fiume deliniare,  
Le terre misurar Nordeno nostro  
Non guardate à le cart, ne à l'inchiostro  
Perch è una cosa, che non sa parlare  
Guardate pur se l'opra vi può entrare  
Se'l specchio ui piace, che vimostro   

Non otiòsa mà faticosa impresa  
è questo specchio del Britanno lido.  
Non è composto senza molta spesa  
Non cercano tal' opr' alcuno nido.  
Norden il specchio tuo senza contesa  
Risplenderà dou'è più chiaro il grido.   
Ar. Oln.   

Ingenuo lectori, de opere, & Authore te●rastichon.  
QVem tulit is punctum, qui miscuit utile dulci;  
Nordenus tulit hunc, utile, dulce canens.  
utile, dulce canit, digni laud ille, liberque:  
Nam placet, & prodest, utile, dulce, canens.  
Notitia nobile nomen: Robertus Nicolsonus.   

Sur le Miroir de grand Bretaigne, de M. Ichan Norden.  
GArdez gentiles, regardez cest ' owrage,  
Tres-doctes Dames, & tres-sages, Sieurs:  
Moult delectant voz yeulx, voz sens, & coeurs,  
Cy fait Plaisir, avec Profit marriage.  
Chacun Degree, rumine, chachun age,  
Ce petit liure, plain de grands doulceurs:  
Rend luy louange, qui doulces rend odeurs,  
Que chacun fait, qui est sçedil; avant ou sage.  
Les autres sont autheurs d' Enui', & vice,  
Ennemis a vertu, sciens, & Notice,  
Vilipendans les oewres de sçedil; avoir:  
Mais nobles, doctes, & gentiles esprits,  
Qui count tiennent des elegans escripts,  
Hault priseront NORDEN son cler Miroir.  
N'ayant espour qu' en Dieu. Robert Nicolson.   

Corrections.  

In pag. 11. line 5. for eighteen, read thirteen.  
In pag. 21. for Io. Fortescue esquire, read sir john Fortescue knight.  
In pag 27. for 5191. read 3911.  
In the same pag. for Antonius, read Antoninus.  
In pag. 47. for Staple Inn, read lions Inn.