¶ The Book of measuring of Land as well of Woodland as Plowland, & pasture in the field: & to count the true number of Acres of the same. Newly corrected, & compiled by Sir Richard de Benese.  
¶ Impynted at London, by Thomas Colwell.   

The Contents of this book.  
IT showeth the manner of dividing of one acre or more, of woodland from many other acres, lying in one piece together Also it showeth the diversity prices of all the parts of an acre of wodlande, after the rate & diversity of the price of the same, from the price of iii s four d. for an acre to the price of vi li. xiii. s. iiii. d. Also it showeth the manner of mesuring of timber or stone, by the foot square, in timber measure of what quantity soever the timber or stone be, from one inch in square to xxxvi. inches square. Also it showeth the manner of measuring sawen boards, tables, or panes of glass by the foot square, what breadth soever the boards, tables, orpanes of Glass be, from one inch breadth, to xxxvi. inches in breadth.  
It showeth also the manner of measuring of a Chambre flore or of a Pavement, to know how many Foot of Board or stone will board or pave it, of what length and breadth so ever the floor or Pavement be, to. iv. foot in length, and. xl. foot in breadth.  
Finis.   

The Preface of Thomas Paynell. canon of Marton to the gentle Reader.  
IT is most commonly seen, that every man doth most commend the thing that he is best expert & seen in. And therefore some there are the exfoll divine letters, some the law, & some Philosophy, with such other liberal sciences, in the which they are learned and exercised.  
Other there are the do not only extol them, but after they have so done, they dispute whither of them are most laudable, and most worthy to be preferred above other There are likewise the after long disputation do not only assign every science his peculiar laud & praise, but all so the discuss whether that of such noble sciences are most for thy common weal supposing (and will) that thing to be most excellent, that is for every man's profit, and that common utility and prosyte doth none other wise ercede private gain & profit than gold all other metals.  
These men (after my sentence) 'gree in a very good opinion, for the divine Plato saith: that man is not borne only to profit himself, or any singular person, but to profit the common wealth also The which doth then prosper & flourish, when governors and rulers do tenderly and entirely abjecting all singular affection, look and take heed unto it.  
My diligence and study is (saith Scipio Africanus) not only to beware how room be now in my time ruled: but how I may invent fashions & means, that it may increase, & be well governed hereafter. O what an excellent word and saying was that.  
What other thing but only the wealth public moved M. Curius to say thus to the Samnites, offering him great sums of money, I desire none of your gold (quoth he) but I desire that ye and your riches may be under the dominien of the Romans. O. was not that an excellent answer.  
And that O. M●●i●s conspired to murder Porcenna enemy to the Romans without any hope or safeguard of his life was it for the common wealth of Rome.  
And did not the only wealth public in force M. Regulus to persuade the Senators of Rome that they should not restore the young gallants of Cartago to prolong his life withal. They are lusty (quoth he,) and in their flowers, and apt to do us much sorrow, and so her returned again to Cartago well assured that he should never escape their hands alive. O what singular affection and love had this man to the common weal, that preferred it above his own life of all thing the most esteemed, and best beloved. Are not such men worthy to be governors and rulres of cities and of the common weal.  
As long as Rome & Cartago, with other like cities, had such regentes & governors, they prospe red and had abundance of all thing. But after that singular affection, singular commodity and profit, ambition, Idleness & voluptuous pleasure took their enter, than all that (wisdom, diligence, study & great labour had augmented) decayed. Then these most excellent and rich Cities fell in ruin, and were easily subdued. The which thing doth declare and open their great laud, by whose gubernation, rule and policy, they came to such high renown & fame. By this it doth now appear & follow that such politic Rulers are worthy of much laud & great commendation. But what commendadion laud, & praise shall we esteem and judge them worthy of, the ingeniouflie have invented & cloquently described, how and by what subtle and politic fashions, such places should be governed & ascended to high honour. And again how Governors of a common wealth should use themselves in their offices. And not withstanding there be that do elevate & extol the doer & the inventor of thinngs above the writer, yet after my mind, the inventor, writer, or expositor of other men's writings are worthy of no little praise, what reason should defend him, that would say, that the executer of the Law (by whose aid all common weals are ordained and ruled) to be of more excellency than Moses, the first of all lawyers. Should any Philosopher prefer himself above Pythagoras the first Philosopher, or any Astronomer above the children of Seth, the very inventors & foundation there of, or any Musician above Tubal, Lameths' son, the first that ever gave any study to music, or any Physycian above Apollo or any Arithmetician, above ●aminus, Pythagoras, Pallas, or Algus (of whom Arythmetike is called Agrym, (the inventor of numbers. Or any Geometrician above Cain, the which taught the Hebrici ans the manner and craft of weights & measures? Is it not (tr●w ye) more to invent and find, than to add unto that, that is found all ready. And as Agrym was found for the course of merchandise & the accounts thereof, so was Geometry upon the excursions and overflowing of the flood Nilus whose insidations and surges were such that they confounded and so troubled the limits and bonds of the land of Egypt, that they knew not their own Land from other men's. Of this took Geometrye his original beginning the which includeth the measuring both of land & water, the use of weights and knowledge of the universal order of the bodies above, the distance and greatness of stars, motions, and reflections.  
Carpenters and Masons, with such other artificers do use geometry, by the which all manner of enginings and crafty ordinances of war, and other appertaining unto their art do depend as hanging roofs, and Galaryes, walls, ships, Gallayes, bridges, mills Cartes, and wheels, with the which, things of great weight, are very eas●lye drawn and hoist up.  
Also what soever goeth by weight, water or wind, or by cords, as Clocks, the which goeth by weygtes, and Organs, the which soundeth by the vehemence and force of the wind, doth long unto this noble science. The artificial craft also of war, of casting of Bells, and Bomberdes, or Gonnes with such other Artylery, whither they be of timber or metal do for the most part depend of geometry.  
And did not the noble Archytas make ● Dove of wood, to lift herself up, and to fly by Geometry.  
Did not Archimenides, make an Instrument of Brass, wherein men might easily perceive the motions of the planets, with other things comprised in the material Spear, & how to measure the altitude and height of all such things as man may see and not come unto? And those things also that lie plain, deep, round, cornerwise, in length, or in breadth belongeth unto geometry, the which containeth. iii. divers kinds of measuring.  
The first is named Altemetria to me azure a quantity after his length only.  
The second is named Planimetrya, that is, to measure a quantity after his length and breadth.  
The third is called Tercometria, that is to measure a quantity after his length, breadth, and deepness.  
In this Sense, are certain quantities, called famous quantities, as a finger, a Palm, a Foot a cubit, a Pace, a Perch, a stake & a ●yse, with such other, much necessary to be known  
It were very ●edyous to expound all the Terms, Parts, Properties, and Vtylities of geometry. For notwithstanding that God may, and can do allthing without number, measure, weight or any point of geometry, yet when he gave the firmament the planets, and stars, their motions, the earth, form and fashion, the Sea, with other rivers, their banks, he did it by number, weight, and measure.  
Wherefore I may well extol this most noble Science containing these three, with the knowledge of many other liberal and manual arts, right necesary for the common weal of man, Considerig them this liberal Science called Geometry to be in every thing much convenient for the use & common profit of all men. A Friend and a lover of mine, a canon of Marton, named Sir richard Benese, not willing to hide the treasure, that god hath enriched him withal. But evermore minding & labouring (as the foresaid Romans did) to increase the common wealth, having also this saying of the Philosopher in memory. The more profitable a thing is, the more it should be common, he hath, (I say) compiled this ingenious and profitable Book, for the common profit, and use of every man  
Wherein is sufficiently & briefly centeyned the perfect form & rule of measuring of woodland, hills & mountains? wheresoever, how soever or in what form or quantity soever they lie.  
Also of dividing of one acre of woodland or more from many other acres.  
And of measuring of Timbre, square or round? Boards, Tables, & Panes of Glass, by the foot square.  
He hath furthermore so expressed these intricate and hard points of geometry by figures, rules, & such open examples, that every man, applying his mind thereunto, may without any great labour attain unto the perfect knowledge thereof. Vale.  
¶ Thus endeth the Preface.   

 
¶ Here followeth the Book to measure all Lands.  
  


¶ The manner of measuring of Land, and co●●ptynge the number of acres of the same.  
BY cause in measuring of Land, many men sometime the sellers, sell more measure than right, sometime the byets by less measure than right be greatly deceived, by the m●aters thereof, the which be not expert and cunning, both in true measuring of Land, and also in true counting and summing the numbered of acts of the same. Therefore in this little book, ye shall reed certain rules much necessary for the perfect knowledge both of true measuring of Land, and also of true counting and suming the numbered of acts of the same.  

¶ Of divers quantities of measures, and of divers names of the same.  
But first for the plainer and readier knowledge of these rules following, ye shall diligently note, that there be divers quantities diversly named in measuring of land that is to say: an inch, a foot, a perch, a dayworke, & quarter of an acre (most commonly called a rood,) an half acre, and an acre.   

¶ To make a true inch.  
THe length of an inch after some men's opinion, is made by the length of three barley corns, the which rule is not at all times true. for the length of a barley corn of some tillage is longer, & some shorter, after the fatness and leanness of the land, where it was sown upon. Therefore in making of an inch after this rule It should be sometimes longer, and sometimes shorter after the length and shortness of the barley corns: the which should make great difference in measuring. Therefore ye shall take the length of any inch more truly upon an artificers rule made of two foot in length, after the standard of London, the which rule doth contain. xxiiii. inches in length.   

¶ To make a true foot in length and in square.  
A foot containeth xii. inches in length, a foot square in measuring of land, or any other thing by the length and breadth only, containeth in it. c. xliiii. inches di. A foot square containeth in it. lxxii. inches. A quarter of a foot square containeth in it. xxxvi. inches. But in measuring of timber or stone, or any other thing by the length, breadth, and depth, a foot square tonteineth in it. xvii. ¶. and. xxviii inches.   

¶ Of two manner of perches, the woodland perch, and the field land perch.  
Because Woodlande, and fyldeland be not measured with perches of like and equal length. therefore ye shall understand, that land in the field is measured most commonly with a perch or a pole of xvi. foot & dim, in length. But in some places the land perch is l●nger and in some places shorter, after the custom there used. The woodland perch is commonly. xviii. foot in length. But in some places it is longer, after the custom there used. The woodland perch of. xviii. foot in length square containeth in it. iii. ¶. xxiiii. foot, half of this perch square containeth in it. ¶. xlii. foot, a quarter of this perch square containeth in it. lxxxi. foot.   

¶ Of an acre both of woodland & field land.  
AN acre both of woodland, and also of field land, is always. xl. perches in length, and iiii. perches in breadth, although an acre of wood land be more in quantity, than is an acre of feldelande. Because the perch of woodland is longer, than is the perch of fyldelande, as it is afore expressed, An acre can not lightly be reduced & brought into a true square, except ye should add to some part above the true quantity of an acre, or else take away some part from the true quantity of an acre. Nevertheless, after mine accounting (as nigh as I can search the true thee, in this behalf (an acre of woodland square is on every side. xii. perches & di. two. foot. viii. inches, and a quarter of an inch. An acre containeth in it ¶. lx perches. An half acre containeth in it. ●xxx. perches. The quarter of an acre (otherwise called a rood) containeth in it. xl. dayworks. A daiworke containeth in it. iiii. perches. For likewise as a Mark of money containeth in it. ¶. lx. pence, so doth an acre contain in it. ¶. lx. perches. And likewise as a Mark of money doth contain in it. lx. groats, so doth an acre contain in it. xl. dayworks. And as a groat doth contain in it four pence, so doth a dayworke contain in it. iiii. perches.   

¶ Of two manner of Instruments to measure land withal.  
Metres of Land, for the most part do use to meet land with a pole made of wood, containing in it the length only of one perch. The which is a very true and a perfit way of meeting. But it is much laborious & not speedful to meet therewith a great quantity of Land in short tyme. And also it is very tedious to mark truly a great number of perches in meeting of them one after another. Therefore some men do use (and best) for the more expedition and speed, to meet with a cord or a line containing in it. v. perches in length, which line four times laid in length, doth make. xx. perches.  
¶ This manner of meeting with a line hath been used long time before. For the Prophet Zachary saith in the. two chaptenr. that when he lifted up his eyes, he saw a man bearing a meeting line in his hand. And when the prophet asked the question of him, why there he went, this man answered the prophet, that he went to meet jerusalem, to know how much the length and breadth of it was. But by cause a cord or a line by drawing it upon the ground will sometime shrink, and wax shorter, if it take wet, and sometime stretch longer by long drying therefore it shall be necessary, to sear it in hot wax one rosin, that it may keep at all times his true length.   

¶ How ye shall ●ewe a piece of land, & mark the fashion there of to measure it.  
When ye shall measure a piece of any manner of land, ye shall go about the bounds of it ones or twice and consider well by viewing of it, whether ye may measure it in one parcel hole together, or else in two or many parcels. For some manner land, lieth in such divers fashions, that it must needs be measured in divers parcels, each one by themself.  
Therefore when it may be measured in one parcel together, then shall ye look wisely, which way ye may cast it in to. iiii. sides, & then ye must measure every side by itself. And mark diligently in writing or else score upon a square slycke the number of perches of every one of the same sides by themself, and then sum them together, as ye shall see hereafter. But when a piece of land must be divided into divers parcels, and must be meat t each one by themself, than ye shall consider well in how many parcels, and in what manner fashions they must be best divided into, that ye may measure every one of them after their divers fashion. For divers fashions of land be diversly measured, as ye shall plainly perceive by divers figures following.   

¶ Of diversity of lines and angles.  
BY cause all manner of figures be made of lines and angles, therefore it shall be expedient first to know the diversity of them. For they make great differences in the making of measures. Therefore ye shall diligently note that there be three manner of lines, & three manner of angles. Of lines, one is a straight line hanging, the second is a straight line overthwart, the third and last is a crooked line hangig, or else overthwart Of angles, one is a plain angle, like to one of the angles of a. iiii. square, the second is a flat angle, like to one of the angles of. v. or. vi. square or more The third and last is a sharp angle, like to one of the angels of a triangle or. iii. square. The which lines and angles be these that hereafter follow.  
¶ Hereafter follow divers figures, of divers fashions of land, and first of a piece of land equally square in all the. iiii. sides, with. iiii. plain angles.   

¶ Of a piece of land equal in breadth at both the ends and equal in length on both sides.  
And then they will divide that whole number of perches, into. iiii. equal parts, of the which they will take one part, for the length, and one other of them for the breadth. But in this manner of counting, they be greatly deceived, as it shall be proved by this last example before, where the right and the left ends, every one be. x. perches in breadth, the higher and the lower sides be every one. xx. perches in the length. These. iiii. sides laid all together, do make. ix. perches in the whole sum. Then if ye divide this whole number in to. iiii. equal parts, every part is. xv. perches in length. Therefore if ye take. xv. perches for the length, and. xv. all so for the breadth of that piece of land after this manner of counting, they do make in the whole sum one act, one rood. vi. dayworks, and one perch. But this sum is false, for it is more than the true content of it, as doth appear by the length, & breadth, (as they do stand) in this foresaid figure. For. xx. perches in length, and x. perches in breadth, do make but an acre, & on eroode. Another example the higher side is. xl. perches in length the lower side is. thirty. perches, the right side is. xx. and the lift side is. x. perches. All these numbers of perches laid together, do make an. C. perchers. Divide them into four equal parts, and every part maketh. xxv. perches. Then take. xxv. perches for the length, and. xxv. for the breadth, and this length & breadth of perches doth make in the whole sum (after this counting (iii acres. iii. roods. vi. day works, and one perch. The which sum is false, as ye shall prove by casting of every two contrary sides together. The which divided into two halves doth make xxxv. perches for the length, and. xv. for the breadth. For these numbers of perches in length & breadth do make but. iii. acres, one rood, one dayworke and one perch. Therefore ye shall not use that manner of counting by casting the whole number of all the sides into. iiii. equal parts, and by taking one part of them for the length, & one other for the breadth because it is false. But ye shall cast every two contrary sides together, and then take the half part of two of them for the length, and the half of other two of them for the breadth of the land: as ye shall see plainly here after in the figure diversly square.  
Or else in such manner figures diversly square, ye shall use another way better, as in the same place doth plainly follow.   

¶ Of a piece of land tryanguled in all three sides equally.  
But when ye can not cast a piece of land into. iiii. sides, because it is trianguled having all three sides of equal length, like to this present figure, them ye shall measure from on of the angels to the middle of the contrary side as doth appear by the line through the middle of the same figure. And take the number of perches of that measure for the length And then take half the number of perches of a whole side, for the breadth as in this example. The three sides every one is. xx. perches, the middle line from the middle of the lower side to the higher angle, is. xvii. perches & di. Then take the number of perches of the middle line for the length, the which is. xvii. perches & di. afterward take half the number of perches of the longer side, the which is. x. for the breadth. Then multiply. xvii. and dim. by. x. & it maketh. C. lxxv. perches, the which maketh one acre. three dayworks, and. iii. perches.   

¶ Of a piece of land partly tryanguled.  
ANd when a piece of land is partly tryanguled, having the. two. sides of like length, & the head shorter in breadth like to this present figure. Then ye shall measure from the foot to the middle of the head, as doth appear by the middle line ithies same figure. And take the numbered of perches of that measure for the length. And then take half the numbered of perches of the head for the breadth, as in this example. The higher side is. xvi. perches the right & the lift sides every on is. thirty. perches, and the line in the midst from the foot to the middle of the head is. xxix. perches. Then take the half number of perches of the head, the which is. viii. for the breadth and the number of perches from the foot to the midst of the head The which is. xxix. for the length, and then multiply. xxix. by. viii. and it maketh one acre, one rood, and. viii. day works.   

¶ Of an other piece of land partly tryanguled.  
AND if a piece of lan de be partly tryanguled having the one side longer, & the. two. other sides shorter of like lengths, like to this present figure, than ye shall measure from the middle of the longer side to the flat angle on the contrary side, as doth appear by the middle line in the same figure. And take the number of perches of that measure for the length, and than take half the number of perches of the longer side for the breadth as in this example. The longer side is. xl. perches in length, and the two other shorter sides every one is. thirty perches in length, and the distance between the mid of the longer side and the flat angle, is. xx perches in length. Then take the number of perches between the mids of the longer side, and the flat angle, the which is, xx. for the length, and the half number of perches of the longer side the which is also. xx. for the breadth. Then multiply. xx. by. xx. and it maketh two acres and a half.   

¶ Of a piece of land diversly tryanguled, in manner of the half part of a quadraunte.  
Also when a piece of land is diversly tryanguled, in manner of the half part of a quadraunte having one plain angle, and the other two sharp angles, like to this present figure. Then ye shall measure from the plain angle on the lift side, to the sharp angle on the right side, & take the number of perches of that measure for the length, afterward ye shall measure from the plain angle to the sharp angle on the left side, & take the half part of the measure for the breadth, as in this example. The higher side between the two. sharp angles, is, rxu. perches, the lower side from the plain angle to the sharp angle on the right side, is, xx. perches, & the head on the left side is xv. perches. Then take the number of perches for the head on the left side, the which is. seven. & dim. for the breadth. Then multiply. xx. by. seven. & dim. & it maketh. three roads. seven. daiworkes &. two. perches   

¶ Of another piece of land dynersly tryanguled like to the fashion of an harp.  
And when a piece of land is dyvetslye tryangled in manner of an harp, having one flat angle, & the other two sharp angles like to this present figure, them ye shall measure from the sharp angle on the lift side to the sharp angle on the right side, & take the number of perthes of that measure for the length afterward, ye shall measure from the flat angle on the higher side with a straight hanging line to the neither side making there a plain angle, as doth appear by the mindle line in the same fygute, and take the half part of the measure of the hanging line for the breadth, as in this example,  
The right side, from the flat angle above, to the sharp angle on the right side is, xx. perches, the left side from the flat angle above to the sharp angle beneath is xviii. perches, the lower side between the two sharp angles is. xxviii. perches, and the hanging line between the flat angle above, & the neither side is. viii. perches. Then take the number of perches of the lower side, the which is, xviii. for the length and the half number of perches of the hanging line, the which is. iiii. for the breadth. Then multiply. xxviii. by. iiii. and it maketh dim. an acre, and. seven dayworks.   

¶ Of a piece of land in all. iiii. sides equally square with two flat angles, and. two. sharp angles.  
YFa piece of land be in all. iiii. sides equally square, with two half angles above & beneath, & two sharp on the right & left sides, like to this present figure. Then ye shall measure from the sharp angle on the right side, to the sharp angle of the lift side, and take the number of perches of that measure, for the length. After ward ye shall measure from the flat angle above to the flat angle beneath and take the half part of that measure for the breadth, as in this example The distance between the. two. sharp angles is. xvi. perches, and the dystannce between the two. flat angles is. xii. perches. Then take. xvi. for the length, & the half part of the other measure, the which is. vi. for the breadth. afterward multiply. xvi. by. vi. and it cometh to half an acre, &. iiii. day works.   

¶ Of a piece of land in. iiii. sides partly square.  
AND when a piece of land is partly square with two plain angles on the life side, and one flat & one other sharp angle, on the right side, like to this present figure, the which is of like breadth between the flat angle above and the contrary side of the same figure beneath, as is the breadth between the two plain angles on the life side of the same figure. Then in the example of this figure, ye shall take the number of perches, that be between the two plain angles on the lift side for the breadth, the which is. x. and afterward ye shall lay the upper and the neither sides together, the which make. thirty. perches in the whole number. Of the which take the half number of perches the which is. xv. for the length, and then multiply. xv. perches, by the number of. x. and that number so multiplied maketh. three roads. vi. dayworks and two perches.   

¶ Of another piece of land in the. iiii. sides partly square.  
¶ Also when a piece of land is partly square, like to this present figure with. two flat angles on the higher side, &. two. sharp angles on the longer side, having like distance from both the flat angles about, to the contrary side beneath▪ them ye shall take the number of perches between the higher & the lower sides for the breadth, as doth appear by the lines in the same. After ward ye shall lay the higher & the lower sides together, & take of. the number of perches, of these. two. sides for the length as in this example. The distance between the flat angles at both ends, and the contrary side of the figure is. xv. perches, therefore take. xv▪ for the breadth. Then lay the higher side, the which is. xx. perches, and the neither side, the which is. thirty. perches in one sum both together▪ and these both sides make in the whole sum. l. perches. Of the which take the one half, the which is▪ xxv. for the length, and. xv. for the breadth, the which length multiplied by the breadth, maketh in the whole sum two acres, one rood. three dayworks, and. iii. perches.   

¶ Of another piece of land in the. iiii. sides partly square.  
¶ And when a piece of land is in. iiii. sides partly square Like to this present figure, having. two. flat angles on the right side, and. two. sharp angles on the lift side, having like distance from both the flat ongles to the right side, to the line an the lift side, than ye shall take the number of perches between the lines on the right and lift sides of the figure for the length, as doth apeer by the middle line in the same figure. afterward ye shall lay both the right and the lift sides together, in one number of perches, and then devyd out half the number of perches, of those. two. sides for the breadth, as in this example. The distance between the right and the lift side is. xx. perches in length, therefore take. xx. perches for the length. Then lay the right side, the which is. x. perches, and the lift side, the which is. xvi. perches in one sum, both together and these both sides make in the whole sum. xxvi. perches, of the which take the one half, the which is. xiii. for the breadth, and. xx. for the length. Then multyplye. xx by. xiii. and it maketh in the whole sum one acre & di, and v. day works.   

¶ Of another piece of land in the. iiii. sides partly square.  
afterward ye shall lay both the hire and the lower sides together in one number of perches. And then divide out half the number of perches of that two sides, as for the length in this examples. The distance from either of the flat angles, to the line on the contrary side is. x. perches the which is the shorter side. Therefore take. x. perches for the breadth.  
Then lay the upper side, the which is. xx. perches, and the neither side the which is also. xx. perches in one sum both together. And these both sides make in the whole sum. xl. perches. Of the which sum, take the one half, the which is. xx. perches for the length &. x. for the breadth. Then multiply. xx. by. x. & it maketh in the whole sum one acre, and one rood.   

¶ Of a piece of land in all. iiii. sides diversly square.  
The distance from the flat angle on the right side, to the line on the left side is. xx. perches, the which is the longer side, therefore take the number of perches of that measure, the which is. xx. for the length. Afterward lay the right side, the which is. x. perches, and the lift side, the which is. xvi. perches in one sum both together and these both sides make in the whole sum. xxvi. perches, of the which take the one half, the which is xiii. for the breadth &. xx. for the length  
Then multiply. xx. by. xiii. and it maketh in the whole sum one acre. two. roods, and v. dayworks.   

¶ Of an other piece of land in all. iiii. sides diversly square.  
Also when the. iiii. sides of a piece of land every one of them be of divers number of perches, with one flat and one sharp angle on the right side, and also one flat & another sharp angle on the life side, like to this present figure, keeping no like distance between any of the contrary sides, as in this example, & higher side is. xx. perches in length, the, lower side is. xxiiii. perches, the right side is. xiiii. perches, and the lift side is. viii. perches in length. Then some men would lay both the contrary sides each two together, and take the one half of every two, the more for the length, and the less for the breadth, as in this example. Lay the higher & the lower sides together, and they make in the whole sum. xliiii. perches. Than divide out the half of this number, the which is. xxii. for the length. afterward lay the right & the left sides together, and they make. xxii. perches in the whole sum. And divide out also the half part of the number, the which is. xi. for the breadth. Then take the more number of these two the which is. xxii. for the length and the less number the which is. xi for the breadth Then multiply. xxii. by. xi. and it maketh one acre and di. &. two. perches. But this manner of measuring of such a piece of land pleaseth me not, for it maketh more land than is contained in this manner of figure. Therefore ye shall divide such a piece of Land from the two contrary angles, into two parts, like to the division, as doth appear by the line in the same figure.  
¶ And take the number of perches of the line for the length. And thenne ye shall measure from the two other angles to the middle line with plain angles, and lay the two halves of these two lines together for the breadth, as in this example. The distance between the two sharp angles of this said figure is. thirty. perches in length, and the line from the flat angle on the right side, to the middle line plain anguled is. viii. perches, and the line from the flat angle on the left side to the said longer line plain anguled is. vi. perches. Then take the number of perches of the middle line, the which is. thirty. perches for the length and the half part of the other two lines, the which is seven. perches for the breadth. Then multyplye. thirty. by. seven. and it maketh one acre, one rood two. day works, two perches. Whereby ye may perceive well that in such a piece of land that is diversly square in all. iiii. sides without any plain angle, or in any other like, ye shall never lay both the two contrary sides together, and take the halves of them, one for the length, and the other for the breadth, for that manner of summing of any piece of land is not true but in some manner of square land, & specially where there is any plain angle, ye shall lay one, but not both of the two contrary sides together, and take the half number of them sometime for the breadth, and somty me for the length, as the fashion & quantity of the land shall require, the which ye have seen in divers square figures before, in this manner of figures diversly. iiii. square is to be noted great diversity of quantities of measures. For the flatter that the flat angles, and the sharper that the sharp angles be, the less quantity must needs be in such manner figures. And on the contrary wise, the sharper that the flat angles be, and the flatter that the sharp angles be the more quantity must needs be in the same figures. For although the. iiii. sides do always conkling and keep every one their lengths, yet the more or less distance that is between the contrary angles, the more or less measure doth it cause to be within the same figure. Therefore ye may not cast the contrary sides by the halves, as most common metres do use But ye shall divide such manner figures into two fields in manner of triangles, as is before expressed. And measure them as doth appear by the lines in their foresaid figure. This is a special rule, & well to be noted   

¶ Of divers other square perches of land in all. iiii. sides diversly square.  
 
ALso when there is any other piece of land in all. iiii. sides diversly square with sharp flat angles like to any of these present figures, or any other like, than ye shall never take the halves of any of both the contrary sides of them for their length or breadth, because ye can not measure truly any of them in one piece wholly together. But ye must divide every one of them into two parties in such manner of division as doth appear by the lines within the same. And then measure every parcel thereof after his fashion, as ye have seen plainly before in the figures of triangles.   

¶ Of a piece of land in many sides diversly square.  
 
AND when a piece of land is in many sides, diversly square like to any of these present figures or any other like, than ye shall divide it into many parts by such like divisions as doth appear by the lines in the same figure, because none of them may be metted in one piece all together. And then ye shall measure every parcel thereof by itself, after the manner of triangles of that fashion, equally, partly, or else diversly trianguled, as ye have seen in divers figures before.   

¶ Of a piece of land in divers sides square, and in some sides indented.  
IF a piece of land be in divers sides square, and some of them be indented, like to this present figure than ye shall divide out one square part of it, the which ye may do most conveniently like to such manner of division, so as it doth appear in the middle line with in the same figure. And then measure that one piece by itself, and cast the length and the breadth of it, as ye did of other such square pieces before afterward ye shall measure the three strait sides of the other piece every one by themself, and thenye shall diligently view the fourth side mounted, and ye shall leave as much by estimation without the measure of that side, as doth lack within, and then also measure that second piece, as ye did such other like pieces before Or else make four sides of this second piece (as large as ye may) as doth appear by the line in this present figure.  
And then measure that piece by itself, in such manner, as it is before expressed afterward ye shall measure the other part indented by perches, half perches, & quarter perches. And then sum it by pence, half pence and farthings.   

¶ Of other figures to be divided partly into triangles and partly into other fashions.  
Also when there is any other piece of land like to any of these present figures, than ye shall divide every one of them in so many parts as ye shall consider necessary, by such manner of division, as doth appear by the lines in the same figure, and afterward cast every parcel of these divisions by themselves, into the length and in breadth, as ye have done other like pieces square or tryanguled in the examples before written, and then sum every one of them, by their lengths and breadthes, as ye have done before other square pieces, or triangled.   

Of a piece of land dying in divers fashions.  
Sometime if a piece of land doth lie divers fashions as doth these present figures, & as do many other, the which ye can not meet in one piece whole together by itself.  
Therefore than ye must view it diligently and divide it in so many parts as ye shall perceive necessary, like to these divisions made with lines in these said figures. And afterward ye must meet them every one by themself in squares or triangles after such manner of fashions, as they be of, and then cast them every one by themself in lengths & bredthes, & likewise sum the length & breadth of every one of them, as ye do of other pieces, that ye do measure, wholly together. For it were to sedyous, ye impossible, to put particular examples for all fashions of land, the which be infinite, and ever newly found.   

¶ Of a piece of woodland growing having many sides diversly anguled.  
¶ When there is a piece ofwoodland growing, like in fashion to this first figure, having many sides diversly anguled, the which ye can not view every way from side to side, for the standing of the wood, than ye shall enlarge that manner piece of woodland into. iiii. square sides, in like manner, as doth appear by the lines of these ronde figure. And then measure all that whole square together in one field, & compteit all together in one sum, and afterward ye shall measure every parcel so enlarged with lines by themself. And then cast all the same parcels into one sum together, and take away all them from the first whole sum, and that quantity that remaineth of the first whole measure (the said parcels enlarged with lines, taken away) shall be the true quantity of this manner piece of woodland, as in this example.  
The whole figure enlarged into. iiii. square containeth in it. lxxx. acres of the whole sum, the parcels enlarged with lines, laid in one sum together contain. xxvi. acres. Then take away. xxvi. from. lxxx. and there doth remain but. liv. acres, the which sum of. liv. so remaining is the content of this figure. Note well this rule for it is very profitable and often times necessary for the measuring of woodland growing.   

¶ Of a piece of land in. v. sides equally square, with v. flat angles.  
 
¶ And when a piece of land is in. v. sides equally square with. v. flat angles like to this present figures than ye shall measure all the. v. sides together, and take the half part of that measure for the length. afterward ye shall measure from the middle point wfthin the same figure to one middle place between two angles of one side of the circuit, take the number of perches of that measure for the breadth, as it his example. Every one to the. v. sides is. x. perches i length, the which. v. sides laid all together make. l. perches in the whole number. Then take half this number of perches the which is. xxv. for the length and the distance between the middle point and the middle place between two angles of on side is. seven. perches Then take the half number of all the v. sides, the which is. xxv. perches for the length, and the number of perches between the middle point and the middle place between two angles, the which is. seven. for the breadth. Then multiply. xxv. by. seven. & it maketh one act three day works, and. iii. perches.   

¶ Of a piece of land in. vi. sides equally square, with. vi. flat angles.  
 
ALso when a piece of land is in. vi. sides equally square with. vi. flat angles, like to this present figure. Then ye shall measure likewise all the. vi. sides together, & take the half part of that measure for the length. afterward ye shall measure from the middle point within the same figure to the middle place between ●woangles of one side of the circuit and take the number of perches of that measure for the breadth as in this example. Every one of the. vi. sides is. xii. perches in length, the which. vi. sides laid altogether make lxxii. perches in the whole sum, them take half this number of perches the which is. xxxvi. for the length. And the distaunte between the middle point and the middle place between two angles, of one side is. x. perches and dim Then take the half number of all the. vi. side, the which is. xxxvi. perches for the length, and the number of perches between the middle point, and the middle place between two angles the which is. x. perches and dim. for the breadth. Then multiply. xxxvi. by x. and a half, and it maketh two acres one roods. iiii. day work. and two perches.   

¶ Of a piece of land in. seven. viii. ix. or. x. sides equally square.  
 
AND also when a piece of land is in seven. viii. ix. or x. sides equally square like to any of these present figures. Then in like manner as ye did. in these two figures last before, ye shall take the half number of perches of all the whole sides for the length, & the number of perches of the distance between the middle point with in the same figures, and the middle place be. tween two angles of one side for the breadth, as ye have seen expressed in the two first figures of five, and. vi. square, & as it doth appear plainly by examples of the same. iiii. present figures.   

¶ Of a piece of land, all round without any square side.  
 
But when a piece of land is round without any square side like to this plesent figure. Then (leaving all other untrue reasons and opinions of metres of land in this behalf ye shall measure round about all the whole circuit of this figure, and take the one half of the number of perches of that measure for the length. afterward ye shall measure from the middle point within the figure, to the utter side of the circuit, and take the number of perches of that measure for the breadth, as in this example. The whole circuit round about is. xiiiii. perches, of the which take the one half the which is. xxii. perches for the length, and the distance between the middle point and the outerside of the circuit is. seven. perches. Then take the half number of perches of the whole cyccuyte, the which is. xxii. for thee length, and the number of perches between the middle point, and the utter side of the circuit, the which is. seven. for the breadth. Then multiply. xxii. by. seven. and it maketh. iii. roods. viii. dayworks and two perches.   

¶ Of a piece of land half round, like to the fashion of a bowl.  
ANd when a piece of land is half round, like to the fashion of a bowl as is this present figure.  
Then ye shall measure the whole half cyrcute, and take the half part of that measure for the length. afterward ye shall measure from the middle of the half circuit above, and take the number of perches of that measure for the breadth, as in this example. The half circuit is. xxii. perches in length, of the which take the half number of perches, the which is. xi. for the length, and the distance between the middle of the neither live, and the middle of the half circuit is seven. Then take the half number of perches of the half circuit, the which is. xi. for the length, and the number of perches between the middle of the neither line and the middle of the half circuit, the which is. seven. for the breadth. Then multiply. xi. by. vi. and it maketh one rood. ix. dayworks, and one perch.   

¶ Of a piece of land more than half round  
ANd when a piece of land is more than half round like to this present figure the which is in the circumference, or circuit about. xxv, perches, the neither side is. ut. perches, the diameter or overthwart line is. x. perches, & the hanging line is. ix. perches. Then ye shall divide it into two fields, as it appeareth by the divisions of the lines within the same figure. After that for mesuring of the higher part in the line division, ye shall multiply the half number of perches of the diameter or overthwart line, the which be. v. by the half number of perches of the cyrcute of the figure, the which be. xii. and di. and they will come to. lxii. perches and di. afterward for the measuring of the triangle in the division, ye shall take again the half of the overthwart line. the which be v. from the. ix. the which the hanging line doth contain, and then there doth remain but. two. the which iiii. ye shall multiply by. iii. the which is the half number of the neither line, and it cometh to. xii. the which xii. ye shall join with the foresaid. lxii. and di. and these. two. sums laid both together make. lxxvii. perches and di. the which number of perches maketh one rood. ix. dayworks, & one perch and di. Note well this rule, for it is very subtle, and much profitable.   

¶ Of a piece of land less than the half part of a whole round.  
But when a piece of land is less than is the half part of a wholeround like to this present figure, than ye shall add to it the residue of the whole circuit, as doth appear by this second figure, and note well the number of perches of the cyrcunference, the which is. xliiii. perches & also of the diameter, the which is. xiiii. & then ye shall meet all the same whole figure in on measure together, taking the half of the cyrcunference, the which is. xxii. for the length and the halfof the diameter, the which is. seven. for the breadth, then multiply. xxii. by. seven. and it maketh. C. liv. perches. After that ye shall divide the same whole figure in to two parts, like to these two divisions made within these lines in this third figure, of the which the latter division is the figure less than half round. And then ye shall measure the first division of this figure as ye did the figure last before, that is more than half round. And that quantity that lacketh of the whole round beside the measure of the first division shall be the quantyty of the latter division, the which is the figure less than half round, as in this example. The circumference of the first division is. thirty. perches, & the diameter is. xiiii. perches, than the half of that circumference, the which is. xv. multiplied by the half of the diameter, the which is. seven. maketh. C. v. perches. After that ye shall take again the half of the diameter (the which is. seven.) from the. x. dim. and a quarter, the which the hanging line of the first division doth contain, and then there doth remain but three dim. and a quarter, the which three dim. and a quarter, ye shall multiply by. vi. the which is the half number of perches of the neither line of the first division, & it maketh. xxii. perches and dim ye shall join this with the foresaid. C. v. perches. And these two sums laid both together make C. xxvii. perches and dim. And this is the sum of the first division the which lacketh of the content of the whole round. xxvi. perches & dim. And sum this so lacking shallbe thy measure of the letter division, the which is the figure less than half round Note well this Rule, for it is very subtile.   

¶ Of a piece of land less than half round on both sides  
And when a piece of Land is less than half round on both sides like to the fashion of an egg, as is this present figure. Then ye shall divide it into two parts by such like divisions as doth appear by the line overthwart in the middle of the same figure. And than ye shall measure one of the same two parts likewise, as ye did measure before the figure less than half round. afterward join the sum of that side to the other side, and then these. two. sum mes laid both together, make the whole content of this figure, as in this example. The overthwart line in the middle is. xii. perches, and the hanging line of one side is three perches and a quarter, than the circumference of the whole round added there to (as it is before proved) shallbe. xliiii perches, and the diameter. xiiii. the which whole round meted all together containeth. C. liv. perches of the which the higher part added to the figure less than half round is. C. xxvii, perches and dim. And the sum lacking of the whole number before said, the which. xxvi and dim. is the content of the neither part, the which. xxvi. and dim. doubled for both the sides of this figure maketh. liii. perches. And this is the true content of this present figure.   

¶ Of a piece of land, that is plain on both sides, and half round at both ends.  
ANd when a piece of land is plain on both sides and half round at both ends like to this present figure, than ye shall divide it into three parts by such like devysion, as doth appear by the lines within the same figure. And then ye shall measure the middle square part by itself, & afterward ye shall measure one of the half rounds of one end, and join it in one sum with the other half round of the other end, & then join all these three parts in one sum together. And that whole sum showeth the content of this manner figure, as in this example The diameter of one half round in this figure is. xliii. and the circumference of the same is. xxii. then multiply the half of the circumference, the which is. xi. by the half of the diameter, the which is. seven. and it maketh. lxxvii. Then join that. lxxvii. to the other half round of the other side, and it maketh. C. liv. After that ye shall multiply. xiiii. the which is the length of the square part in the middle of the figure by. seven, the which is the breadth of the same part, and it maketh in the whole sum. CC. lii. the which is the whole content of this figure.   

¶ To measure a mountain or an hill, having the two ascences, on both sides from the foot to the top of equal distance and measure.  
WHen a piece of Land is not plain but is mounting in the middle, like to thes present figure of a mountain, having the. two. sides from the foot to the top of equal distance, and measure. Then ye shall meet diligently the number of perches of the circuit, and compass of the tope of the hill, and also of the foot and of the ascence or going up from the foot to the top. Afterward ye shall lay together the number of perches of the circuit of the foot and of the top of the hill, and take the half part of both these measures for the breadth. Also take the whole number of perches of the ascence from the foot to the top of the hill for the length as in this example. The crycuyte of the top of the hill is. lxxx. perches, and the cyrcute of the root of the hylis. CC. xl. perches, the which two sums make. CCC. xx. perches, and the ascence from the foot of the hill to the top is. CC. perches. Then take the half number of perches of the cyrcuites of the foot and top of the hill, the which is. C. lx. for the breadth, & the whole number of perches of the ascence the which is. CC. for the length. Then multiply. CC. by. C. lx. and it maketh. xxxii M. perches, and this sum maketh. CC. acres.   

¶ Of an hill or a mountain having the head, the middle, & the foot of divers circuits of measures.  
And when the circuits of the top of the mountain of the middle and of the foot do differ much, one from another in their measure, like to this present figure. Thenye shall lay the three numbers of the top, the middle, and the foot in one sum together. And take the third part of that sum for the breadth. afterward ye shall meet the ascence or going up from the foot to the top of the hill, and take the whole number of petches of that measure for the length. As in this example. The cyrcute of the foot is. cc. perches, the circuit of the middle is. c. percges, & the circuit of the top is. thirty. perches, the which three sums laid all together maketh. ccc. & thirty. perches. And the ascence from the foot to the top of the hylis C. lx. perches. Then take the third part of the said sum of. CCC. thirty. the which is C. x. for the breadth. And the whole sum of the ascence, the which i C. lx. for the length, then multyplye. C. li. by. C. x. and it maketh. xvii. M vi. C. perches, and this sum of perches maketh. C. l. acres.   

¶ Of an hill or a mountain that is not of equal measure in the ascences, netber in the circuits.  
But when an hill, or a mowntayne is not of equal measure ascences, neither in the neither i the cyrcuites, like to this present figure. Then ye shall lay the measures of the circuits of the top and foot of the hill together, and take the half part of these two crycuytes for the breadth afterward ye shall lay the measures of the longer, and the shorter ascences both together, & take the half part of that measure, for the length as in this example. The circuit of the top of the mountain is. xx. perches and the circuit of the foot is CCC. perches, the which two sums laid both together maketh. CCC. & xx. perches, and the half part of it is. C. lx. Also the longer as●●nce is. CC perches, and the shorter is. C. xx. the which two. sums laid both together make. CCC. &. xx. perches, & the half part of it maketh. C. lx. Then take. C. lx. for the length, &. C. lx. also for the breadth, and afterward multiply on of the same two sums by the other, and it maketh. xxv. M. vi. C. perches the which sum of perches maketh C. and. lx. acres.   

¶ Of the mesuring of a piece of land lying i a valley, enclosed round about with a mountain or an hill.  
 
ANd when there is a piece of land lying in a valley, enclosed round about with a mountain or an hill like to this present figure, than ye shall use contrary wise of measurig of such manner of land, as ye did of measuring of hills & mountains For in meeting of an hill, ye measured the ascence and going up from the foot to the top. But in meeting of a valley ye shall measure the descene and going down from the top of the hill to the depth of the valley. And where ye measure the cyrcute & compass of the top of an hill, so contrary wise ye shall measure the circuit and compass of the depth of the valley. And where ye measured the circuit and compass of the foot of the hill, so contrary wise ye shall measure round about the circuit and compass of the height of the valley. And then ye shall lay the circuit of the height, and the depth of the valley in one same together, and take the half part of that whole sum for the breadth. afterward ye shall take the number of perches of descence and going down from the height of the hill to the depth of the valley for the length of the measure. And then sum it by multiplying the length by the breadth, as in this example. The circuit of the depth of the valley is. lxxx. perches, the circuit of the height of the valley is. CC. perches. And the descence from the height of the hill to the depth of the valley is. CC. perches. Then take the number of perches of the descence, the which is. CC. for the length, & half the number of perches of the circuits of the which is. C. lx. for the bretdth. Then multiply. CC. by. C. lx. and it maketh. CC. acres.   

¶ Of a valley, that is neither of equal measure in the descences neither in the circuits.  
 
But when a valley is not of equal measure neither in the descences, neither in the circuits, like to this pesent figure, than ye shall lay the circuits of the height and depth of the valley together and take the half part of these two circuits for the breadth. afterward ye shall lay the measures of the longer, and shorter desences both together, and take the half part of those measures for the length, as in this example. The circuit of the depth of the valley is. xx. perches, and the circuit of the height of the valley is. ccc. perches the which two sums laid both together make. ccc. xx. perches▪ & the half part of it is. c. lx. perches. Also the longer descence is. cc. perches, and the shorter is. c. xx. the which two sums laid both together, make in the whole sum ccc. xx. perches, and the ha●e part of it is. c. lx. Then take. c. lx. for the length &. c. lx. also for the breadth, & afterward multiply. c. lx. by. c. lx. and it maketh. xxv. M. and. vi. C. perches, the which sum of perches maketh. c. lx. acres.   

¶ Of one manner way to count & some the nomre of acres contained within any measure.  
WHen ye shall count and sum the number of acres contained within any measue of land, then ye shall lay so many times the number of perches in the length, as be in the number of petches in the breadth, or else contrary, as many times the number of perches in the breadth, as be in the length. But ye must turn the perches into pence. For like number of perches will make an acre, as of pens will make a mark, the which doth signify an acre in this manner counting, as in this example. The length of the measure is. xl. perches, and the breadth of it is. xx. perches. Then count xl. times. xx. pence, or else. xx. times. xl. pence, the which maketh. v. Mark and so likewise. xx. times. xl. perches maketh. v. acres. Another example. lx. perches in the length, and l, in the breadth. Then ye shall count. l. times, lx. pence, the which is in the whole sum. xii, li. x, s, the which sum maketh, xviii, acres, and, iii▪ rood, Another example. xlv, perches in the length and. xxv, perches in the breadth, Then ye shall count, xxv, times, xiv, pence the which is in the whole sum, iiii, li, xiii, s, ix, penc, the which sum maketh. seven. acres, one dayworke, & one perch. But when ye have half a perch or a quarter of a perch in any side of the measure, ye shall not count them with the perches, but after that ye have cast the sum of perches in the length & breadth in manner beforesaid. Then, ye shall count the half perches by themself, and the quarter perches by themself, and sum them in the contrary side, as in the example. The piece of land is. xl. perches and di. in length, &. thirty. perches in breadth. Then because the half perches do stand in the length, therefore ye must count them in the breadth and sum them (as in this last example.) thirty. half perches, after the number of the breadth▪ and not. xl. half perches after the number of the length, the which. thirty. half perches do make three dayworks, and. iii. perches.  
Likewise if ye have half perches, or quarter perches, or else half perches & quarter perches both in the length, and also in the breadth of the measure Than ye must always sum every one of them by themself in the length, that stand in that breadth.  
And sum them in the breadth, that stand in the length. Therefore in all other like manner of counting the sum of acres by money, ye shall understand always, that a mark of money doth signify an acre, a royal doth signify three quarters of an acre, or three rood, a noble doth signify an half acre, a crown doth signify one rood and. v. dayworks. xl. d. doth signify a quarter of an acre, or a rood. xii. d. doth signify. three dayworks, a groat doth signify a dayewoke, a penny doth signify a perch, an half penny doth signify an half perch, and a farthing doth signify a quarter of a perch.   

¶ Of the turning of pounds into marks or acres.  
BY cause in coumpting of money it is not much used to count any sums in marks, but most commonly in pounds. Therefore because Marks do signify acres in counting the measures of land, & pounds be not lightly turned into Marks by them that be not expert in reakening, and casting of a count. Therefore in these sums following ye shall see pence turned into perches groats turned into day works. xl. d into a rood, a noble in to dim. acre, a Royal into. iii. roods: a mark into an acre, & pounds turned into Marks, the which there be named acres And this rule doth extend from. i d. to. xl. d. and from. xl. d. to. xx. s. & from xx. s. to an. C. li. and from an hundred pound, to a. M. pound.   

¶ This Rule following, is very plain, and easy to be understanded: if it be well marked.  
Pence. dayworks And perches. i d. i. perch. two. d. two. perches iii. d. iii. perches iiii. d. i. dayworke v. d. i. dayworke and. i. perch vi. d. i. dayworke and. two. perches seven. d. i. dayworke and. iii. perches viii. d. two. dayworks ix. d. two dayworks and. i perch x. d. two. dayworks and, two, perches xi. d. two. dayworks and. iii. perches xii. d. three dayworks xiii. d. three dayworks and. i perch xiiii. d. three dayworks and, two. perches xv. d. iii, dayworks, &, three perches xvi. d. iiii. dayworks xvii. d. iiii. dayworks and. i perch xviii. d. iiii. dayworks and. two, perches nineteen. d. iiii. dayworks &. iiii. perches xx. d. v. dayworks xxi. d. v. dayworks and. i perch xxii. d. v. dayworks and. two. perches xxiii. d. v. dayworks and, three perches two. s. vi. dayworks two. s i. d vi. dayworks and i, perch two s. two. d. vi. dayworks &. two. perches two. s. iii. d. vi. dayworks, &, three perches two. s. iiii d. seven. dayworks two. s. v. d. seven. dayworks and, i. perch two. s. vi. d. seven. dayworks &. two. perches two. s. seven. d. seven, dayworks &, three perches two. s. viii, d. viii, dayworks. two. s. ix. d. viii, dayworks and, i, perch two. s, x. d. viii. dayworks &. two, derches two. s, xi. d. viii, dayworks &, iii, perches iii, s ix, dayworks iii, s. i. d, ix. dayworks and, i, perch iii. s. two, d, ix, dayworks &, two. perches iii. s. two. d. ix dayworkey and. iii. perches xl, d, A quart. of an acre, or a rood v, s. i, rood and. v, dayworks vi. s, viii, half an acre x, s, iii. roods or. iii, quarters of an acre xiii. s. iiii. d i. acre xvi, s, viii, d i, acre and one rood xx, s, i, acre and dim. thirty, s, two, acres, and one rood xl, s, iii, acres l, s, three acres and, iii. rood three li, iiii. acres and dim, iiii. li. vi. acres v, li. seven, acres and dim vi, li, ix, acres seven, li, x, acres and dim viii, li xii, acres ix, li xiii, acres, and dim x. li. xv. acres xi. li. xvi. acres and dim. xii. li. xviii. acres xiii, li. nineteen. acres and dim. xiiii. li. xxi. acres. xv. li. xxii acres and dim xvi. li. xxiiii. acres. xvii. li. xxv. acres and dim xviii. li, xxvii. acres nineteen, li, xxviii. acres and dim xx. li. thirty. acres xxi. li. xxxi acres and d. xxii, li. xxxiii, acres xxiii. li. xxxiiii. acres and d. xxxiiii, li. xxxvi. acres xxv, li. xxxvii. acres and dim. xxvill, xxxix. acres xxvii. li. xl. acres and dim xxviii, li xlv. acres xxix. li xlvi, acres and dim thirty. li. xlviii, acres xxxi. li. xlix, acres and dim xxxii, li li, acres xxxiii, li, lii, acrers and d. xxxiiii. li. liv. acres xxxv. li. lv. acres and dim xxxvi. li. lvii. acres xxxvii. li. lviii. acres and dim, xxxviii. li. lx. acres xxxix. li. lxi. acres and dim. xl. li. lxiii. acres xli. li. lxiiii. acres and dim. xlii. li. lxvi. acres xliii. li. lxvii. acres and dim xliiii. li. lxix. acres xlv. li. lxx. acres and dim. xlvi. li. lxxii. acres. xlvii. li. lxxiii acres and dim. xlviii. li. lxxv. acres. xlix. li. lxxvi. acres and dim. l. li. lxxviii. acres li. li. lxxix. acres and dim. lii. li. lxxx. acres liii. li. lxxxi. acres, and dim liv. li. lxxxii. acres lv. li. lxxxiii. acres and dim lvi. li. lxxxiiii. acres lvii. li. lxxxv, acres and dim. lviii. li. lxxxvii, acres lix, li, lxxxviii, acres and dim lx, li, lxxxx, acres lxi, li, lxxxxi. acres and dim lxii. li, lxxxxiii. acres lxiii. li. lxxxxiiii, acres and d. lxiiii, li. lxxxxvi. acres. lxv. li. lxxxxvii, acres and dim lxvi. li, lxxxxix, acres lxvii. li. C. acres and dim lxviii. li. C. two. acres lxix. li, C, three acres and dim. lxx. li. C, v acres lxxi, li. C. vi. acres and d. lxxii▪ li. C. viii. acres lxxiii. li. C. ix. acres and d. lxxiii. li, C, xi, acres lxxv, li, C, xii, acres and d. lxxvi, li, C, xiiii, acres lxxvii, li, C, xv, acres and d. lxxviii, li, C, xvii, acres lxxix. li, C, xviii, acres and d. lxxx, li, C, xx, acres lxxxi. li, C, xxi, acres and d. lxxxii. li, C, xxiii, acres lxxxiii. li, C. xxiiii, acres and d. lxxxiii, li C, xxvi, acres lxxxv. li, C, xxvii, acres and d. lxxxvi, li. C, xxix, acers lxxxvii. li. C. thirty, acres and d. lxxxviii, li, C, xxxii, acres lxxxix, C, xxxiii, and d. lxxxx, li, C, xxxv, acres lxxxxi. li. C. xxxvi. acres and dim lxxxxii, li, C. xxxviii acres lxxxxiii. li. C. xxxix. acers and dim lxxxxiiii. li. C, xli. acres lxxxxv, li. C. xlii. acres and dim lxxxxvi. li. C. llxiiii. acres lxxxxvii. li. C. xlv, acres and d, lxxxxviii. li. C, xlvii. acre's lxxxxix, li C, xlviii, acres and d, C, li, C, l, acres, CC, li, CCC, acres CCC, li, iiii, C, l, acres CCCC, li, v. C, acres v. C, li, seven, C, l, acres vi, C, li, ix▪ C, l, acres seven, C, li, M, l, acres viii. C, li, M, CC, acrers ix. C. li, M. CCC, l▪ acres M. li, M. CCCCC. acres.  
¶ Thus endeth this way of turning of pounds into Marks or Acres.   

¶ Of another way of summing of measures in to acars.  
BEcause this Rule of summing of acars beforesaid is very hard and tedious to them, that be not expert and ready in casting of a count, and many times they be deceived in true summing of measures after this way. Therefore ye shall have hereafter a Rule following more plainer, and ready to all men, for the true knowledge of this thing. Therefore when ye have cast out the length and breadth of your land, by such ways and reason as ye have seen before in divers fashion of figures, by divers examples. Then ye shall seek out the number of perpches of the length of your land in the higher margin, and the number of perches of the breadth of your land, in the side of the margin. And then ye shall seek out beneath upon the same side, that place, the which doth answer directly to both of these numbers, of the length and of the breadth together.  
And there ye shall find the number of acres, roods, dayworks, and perches contained within the length and breadth of the same measure.  
¶ Explicit.   

¶ To know the reason of this rule following.  
But first for the perfect knowledge of this Rule following, ye shall understand, that the numbers set above in the higher margin, do signify the number of perches in the length of the measure. And the numbers set in the side margin, do signify the number of perches in the breadth of the measure. The first number set to every square place beneath upon the sides, do betoken the number of acres. The figure of. 1. set above, in the lift of the said places, doth betoken a rood, or a quarter of dim. acre. The figure of. 2. set there signifieth an acre. The figure of. 3. set there signifieth three quarters of an acre. The first figure set in the longer part of every place, betokeneth the number of day works, and the figure that followeth next after that, betokeneth the number of perches. Also ye shall note, that this rule doth extend from the number of one perch, to the number of. vi. score perches in length. And from the number of one perch to the number of an. C. perches in breadth, and no further. This rule should be written altogether upon one side of a table that ye might see all together, the whole length and breadth of all these numbers before said. But because this manner of table, should be very large & tedious to bear about. Therefore it is divided in this little Book, in to the. x. parts as it doth plainly appear hereafter.  

1. ¶ The first part is from i perch to. vi score perches, in length, and from one to. x. in breadth.  
2. ¶ The second part is from. xi. to. vi. score in length, and from. xi to. xx. in breadth.  
3. ¶ The third part is from. xxi. to. vi. score in length, and from xxi. to. thirty. in breadth.  
4. ¶ The fourth part is from. xxxi. to. v. score in length, & from. xxxi. to. xl. in breadth.  
5. ¶ The. v. part is from. xli. to. vi. score in length, and from. xli. to. l. in breadth.  
6. ¶ The. vi. part is from, li. to. vi. score in length, and from. li. to. lx. in breadth.  
7. ¶ The. seven. part is from. lxi. in to six score in length, and from three score and one, to three score and ten in breadth.  
8. ¶ The. viii. part is from. lxx. to. vi. score in length, and from. lxxi. to. lxxx. in breadth.  
9 ¶ The. ix. part is from. lxxxi. to. vi. score in length and from. lxxxi. to. lxxxx. in breadth.  
10. ¶ The. x. part is from. lxxxxi. to vi. score in length. & from. lxxxxi. to an. C. in breadth.    
¶ Here endeth the measuring of Lands. And hereafter followeth the measuring of Timber.   

¶ To measure Timber or Stone, in length, breadth and depth by the foot square.  
 
IN measuring Timber. Stone, or any other like thing in length, breadth, & depth, by the foot square ye must diligently mark, whither it be equally. iiii. square, or partly. iiii. square, or else in. three sides equally, or partly square, or else in. v. vi. seven. or more sides square. Or else all round, with out any square side. And if a piece of timber be equally in. iiii. sides square like to this present figure, than ye may take indifferently one of them to the breadth of the true square of that manner piece of timber. And then set forth the length thereto for a foot square, as doth apere by the measure that followeth after that square in the figure of Timber measure, as in this example. The. iiii. square sides be every one. xii. inches broad, than ye must lay out to that breadth. xii. inches in length, the which doth make one foot square in timber me azure, as doth appear in the figure of timber, measure folowig. Another example. The square sides, be every one. x. inches broad, them lay out. seven. inches. qr. inch thereto in length for one foot square, as doth appear in the same rule following, and so like wise of all other pieces of Timber equally. iiii. square.  

¶ Of a piece of timber in. iiii. sides partly square.  
 
But because all pieces of Timber, be not in all. iiii. sides equally square, like to this foresaid figure, but some be in. iiii. sides partly square, like to this present figure. Therefore in such pieces of timber ye shall lay one brother & one narrower side in one whole sum together, and divide them equally into two parts, and then take one of them for the breadth of the square of such manner timber, as many artificers do commonly use, the which be greatly deceived thereby, because by such division, they make the square thereof much more than the truth, and by reason of the more square, they set forth the less length thereto, for a foot square in Timber measure, But ye shall take the square of such a piece of Timber, as is set forth in the table of squares following, according to one of his brother & narrower sides of what divers quantities so ever they be. And then ye shall measure the length thereto, for a foot square in Timber measure, as it is plainly set forth in the figure of Timber measure next after that rule following, as in this example. The piece of timber is on one side. xii. inches broad, and on the other side. xvi. inches broad, them take. xiii. inches di. inch quarter inch, quarter quarter inch of. quarter quarter inch, for the square of these two bredthes, as doth appear in the figure of squares following. After ward ye shall lay to this square. x. inches, quarter inches in length for one foot square in tymbre measure as doth appear in the figure of timber measure folowige. But because the squares do not always tice to any inches, but sometimes to odd parts of any inch, ●s in this example before said. Therefore the odd quantytes after your discretion considered, ye shall add to, or take away, sum part more or less in setting forth the foot square in Timber measure, beside the quamtyties expressed in the figure of timber measure here. For it were very hard, yet imposiyble to set forth true quantities of timber mea●sure, to all odd quantities of squares.   

¶ Of a piece of timber in. three sides equally square.  
 
AND when a piece of Timber is in. three sides equally square, like to this present figure, than ye shall take the distance between one of the angles to the mydie of the contrary side for the square, and the half of one whole side for another square. then search out in the figure of timber, as it is set forth there according to the brother and narrower sides thereof, as i this example. The distance between the one angle to the contrary side is. x. inches, & the half one whole side is. vi. inches, them take. seven. inches di. inch, quarter inch, for the square of this length, and breadth, as doth appear in the figure afterward ye shall lay to this. two. fore xi. inches, quarter inch, in length, for one foot square in Timber measure, as doth appear in the figure of timber measure. Always considered the odd quantytes of the square above the. seven. inches.   

¶ Of a piece of Timber in. three sides partly, or diversly square with one plain Angle.  
 
ALso when a piece of timber is in three sides partly or diversly square with one plain angle, like to this present figure. Then ye shall measure from the plain angle to the sharp angle on the one side for one square, and measure from the plain angle, to the sharp angle on the other side, and take half of that measure for the other square. Then take the square of that piece of timber, as it is set forth in the figure according to the one border, and one narrower sides thereof, as in this example, the one side from the plain angle to the sharp angle is. xii. inches in breadth And the other side from the plain angle to the other sharp angle is. viii. inches in breadth. Then take. xii. for the breadth of one side of the timber and half of the other side of. viii. the which is. iiii. for the breadth of another side. Then take. vi. inches half inch, quarter inch. di. qr. inch. qr quarter inch, di. quarter inch, for the square of this length & breadth, as doth appear in the figure, afterward ye shall lay to this square sum part less than the. iiii. foot in length, for one foot square in timber measure as doth appear in the figure of timber measure in consideration of the odd quantities above the. vi. inches in the square aforesaid.   

¶ Of a piece of timber in. v. sides equally square.  
 
IF a piece of timber be in. v. sides equally square like to this present figure, than ye shall measure all the square sides of it round about and take half the number of inches of that measure for one square side. And then ye shall measure the distance from the mydie of the end of the timber, to the middle of one square side between the two angles, as it appeareth by the line in the same figure. And take the measure of the distance for another square side, as in this example, in this figure of. v. square every side is. x. inches, the which. v. times multiplied maketh. l. then take half. l. the which is. xxv. for one square & the distance between the middle paint to the middle of one square side the which is. seven. for another square side. Than take. xiii. inches dim. quar. inch, quarter qr. inch. di. quarter qr inch, for the square of this length, and breadth. afterward ye shall lay to this square, some part less than x. inches, quarter inch, in length for one foot square in timber measure, as doth appear in the figure of timber measure, by reason of the odd quam tyties above the. xiii. inches to the square aforesaid. This last rule ye shall follow generally in measuring of all other pieces of timber in. vi. seven. viii. or more sides equally square.   

¶ Of a piece of round timber without any square sides.  
 
ANd when a piece of timber is all round without any square side like to this present figure, than artificers most commonely do gird it round about with a line, & divide the measure of that girding into. iiii. equal parts, and then they take one of them for the square of such a round piece of timber. But they be greatly deceived by such manner of measuring, for they make the square thereof much less than the truth, and by setting forth the more length thereto for a foot square in timber measure much more 〈◊〉 her for a foot square in such round pieces, than is right. Therefore when ye have girded it round about with a line, ye shall divide the length thereof into. two. equal parties, and take one part of them for one square side of such a round piece of timber. Afterward ye shall divide again the same whole length in to. three parties, and take half one of them for another square side of this piece of timber. Then take. viii. inches dim. inch dim. quarter inch di. qr. quarter inch, for the true square of this length and breadth as doth appear in the figure. afterward ye shall lay to this square some part less than two foot. three inches in length for one foot square in timber measure, as doth appear in the figure of timber measure next after that following, with allowance of some part less for the odd quantities above the. viii inches of the square afore said.    
¶ Explicit.