The conjectures of the end of the world, translated by George joy. Mark. xij. ¶ Be ye awake, for ye know not, when the Lord of the house shall come, lest he cometh suddenly, and find you sleapers. M. D. X●viij. ¶ George joy to the Readers wisheth knowledge and repentance. Sith all unrea sonable creatures so greatly long & with groaning sighs (as Paul saith) unable Ro, viij. to be expressed, desire to see the day of their redemption, wherein they should be loosed from their present servitute (wherewith man yet abuseth and holdeth them, as the drunkards abuse the wine, glotons the beasts fowls, fishes, corn and all manner fruits, the unthankful all manner gifts, and creatures of God, the Idolaters abuse the son, moan, stars, stones, trees, and the superstitious the water, fire, etc. And the blasphemous swearers the saints in heaven, God and his creatures) much more do the elect children of God here abused, oppressed, persecuted, & slain of the ungodly long, sigh and sorrow ●riynge out with the souls under the altar for the glorious day of the Apo. vi. redemption of our bodies. Yea and to know the signs and conjectures immediately coming before it, that we might in time life up our heads, awake out of our beastly and sinful living gladly to come forth with our bright lamps to meet our bridegroom. And they that yet of ignorance have been captived and abused of the abominable beast of Rome might also now in time forsake her, and fly far out of Babylon into Christ's church. And for asmuch as this book treateth of the signs and conjectures, that go before re the end of this world, whereof some be paste, some are present, & some are yet shortly to come, and do tell us certainly the time of the fall of the Antichrist of Rome, and last end of this miserable sinful world, laid in so dark Prophecies, numbers of days, times & years in Daniel, and in the Apocalypse, which every man except he be indurated with the Rome Church would be desirous to know and to prepare himself. I have made this latin book of that godly and learned man Andrew Oseander to speak English, that ye might comfort yourselves by reading the divine mysteries & warnings contained herein. And because (as every man knoweth) expert artifis cers, by their diligent exercise and continual labours, will excel, amend & better the beauty of their former works, and as saith Cicero, our later cogitations are better, than our first, yea and as Daniel affirmeth, The oftener his Dan. x●● book be revolved and diligently studied the more learning is there foundin it, knowledge is increased. And to be short, Because I would with the confession of my faith profit and comfort the congregations of Christ (we are all borne to profit our brethren) lo here haste thou, ientle reader, a clear brief exposition of the most hard places and hide mysteries in Daniel, Paul and Apocalyps. concerning this last monarchy of Rome, the description and lively picture of that Antichristen horned whore, of her fall, and end of this world, short lie to come. This therefore read and use it to th'increase of thy knowledge and comfort to the profit of other, and praise and glory of God the father thorough Christ in his coming. Who be thanked and magnified for ever. So be it▪. AMEN. M. D. Xlviij. In may printed. ● The conjectures of the last days, & end of the world, gathered out of scriptures by Andrew Oseander, and translated by George joy. ALthough our Lord jesus Christ (as witnesseth Mat.) hath most clearly pronounced, that the day & hour, when rain himself shall return to judge the quick & dead, of no mortal man to be known: No, not of th●●igels: but to be left only in the pleasure of God the father: yet think I, that the very christians brought up & learned in the holy scriptures, may by some certain conjectures gathered out of God's word & of his works, not only come to the foresight of that same time, & (as it were) comprehend within certain limits: but also I judge that we ought to endeavour ourselves to study, to attain thereunto. For our Lord said not, that world, or that age, or that year of his coming, of noman to be known, but only the day and hour no man to know them. For verily, by the most apt similitude to search it out did he lovingly provoke us both to observe & wait for that same time, yea and in a manner compelled us so to do. Wherefore he said when I begin to do these things, then look up, and life up your heads, for then draweth nigh p●ure liberty & redemption. And even of the fig tree learn the similitude, whose branches when they begin to be soft and tender and thrust forth their knops, and leaves, then know ye that Summer is nigh. And eue● so, when ye see all these tokens and things told you before in doing: then be ye sure that the kingdom of God is at hand. By this and such like warnings hath he not only of the state of things to come, as though they were present, committed and given to the common people to conjecture of the last time but also the wiser and better learned hath he marvelously given occasion, long before to search out, & to fore see this desired last tyme. For as the tylmen, by the buddig of that trees know summer to draw nigh, and the astronomers by the moving of the stars can define the springing time & prognosticate it long before, even so ought we to decern the end of the world to draw nigh, and the coming of the son of man to be at hand by these signs showed us of Christ of his coming: & the learned in holy scripture to signify it long before the courses of times, and the ages, which all the signs be sure to come, yea and to conjecture the same tried out of the secret mysteries of the word. Which thing sith it be so, I have diligently considered and noted certain excellent sayings and deeds properly and special lie pertaining to this matter, which by the way were offered to me reading the scriptures, and thus have I commended to memory these conjectures of the end of the world taken out of the holy letters, of the which conjectures many I have communicated privately in writhing to my familiar friends, which when they were desired of so many, and now spread abroad, I saw that it was peril, lest any foolyshardy should mix with these my conjectures any thing of his own, and so under my name to thrust them into other men's hands, I not knowing which thing to avoid, I revoked into my hands mine own writings, little then though they were, and mended them in some places, & income I so enlarged them, that they thus printed, might do my brethren pleasure. And lest hereafter they might be, perehaunce, by some falsifyers corrupted, I thought mi self to them sure. They be. iiij. conjectures (for wherefore should I not tell them forth by tale as treasure) which now orderly I will rehearse. The. i Chap. & i Conjecture. THe first conjecture is taken out of Elie the Prophet, which the jews recite as out of the mouth of God, spoken in diverse places of their books called Thalmude. For they be written in their book called Abodazara in the i Cham & in their book called ●aichedrim in the last Cham and also in other places on this manner. The house or school of Elie hath affirmed, and left it thus written. Elye hath said, that six thousand years shall the world stand ●r endure. Two thousand void of any law written, two thousand under the law written, & two thousand under the days of Messiah. Hitherto Elias, afterward the rabbins added these words. But for our sins, which be great and many, the fift thousand and an half be thus past, and yet is not Messiah comen. But yet is this An oracle is a sure saying as it were answered of God. doubtless an oracle worthy to be believed for many causes, although it be not expressed in the scriptures. For first to begin therewith, this oracle is sustained with the words of Moses in the Psal. after the Hebrew reckoning. xc. to which Saint Peter cleaveth in his ij. Epistle. iij, Cap. saying. That a thousand years with the Lord be, but as one day. Also hereof it followeth. That as god created all things in vi. days, & rested in the. seven. Even so shall he six thousand years govern the world subject to generation and corruption, and in the seventh thousand bring in that everlasting rest: of which Thapostle so plainly speaketh. Hebre. iiij. that he seemeth to show the self same mystery, as it were with his finger. ☞ Besides this it consenteth right well with all the other conjectures following, and it is constantly celebrated and highly esteemed of the jews as the assewered oracle of the Prophet, and yet it fighteth plainly against themselves & their infidelity, which may not be better confounded then in that they be compelled by theyrowne sainges of Elias to grant the Messiah should reign the hole last two thousand years, & yet contrary to their saying, they still look for him, as though he were not comen. For by this clause added, (That for their sins God differreth Messiah birth) theirselves confess freely and plainly the time of christes birth not to havehad been yet past in this last age of late, but rather then, when their book of thalmude was published, even about Simon justus made their thalmude. 210. before Christ. the year of our Lord. CCCC. xxxvi. Whereof it is manifelt that they have waited more than these eleven hundred years for another messias than our Lord Christ and all in vain. The cause whereof they falsely impute it to their own sins. For Christ was in so certain a prediffined time promised to us & them, that neither for their sins must he have had been borne the later, nor yet for their good living have comen the sooner, of the which thing, more peradventure shallbe spoken in another place. Although some of our religion would contend to draw this little clause of Chri stes birth now passed unto th'end of the world, as though for our sins there should want much of these six thousand years, so that they be not fulfilled. But this sense, although it maketh well for our purpose, yet the Hebrew words receive it not. Wherefore this is the meanig of the oracle. That the world from the time whereof Moses said. The earth was empty gross and void, dured two thousand before the law of circumcision with her adpertinences was given to Abraham, of which it is written Gen. 26 & 27. That all nations shallbe blessed in thy seed. And from the time of deliverance of circum cision to Abraham unto Christ's birth there dured also, other two thousand yea res, which thing sith it is proved manifestly so to have come to pass (for Christ was born, & suffered about the four thousand years from the creation) needs must the rest of the oracle also be true, the fronchrist to the end of the world, there shallbe no more (peradventure much less) then two thousand even as Elias said. But in that as certain years of the last two myllenaryes be paste, and yet Christ be not come (as the Jews dream because of their sins, as they would seem to excuse their unbelieve with another sin of unbelief they be utterly deceived. For after this oracle, Christ is verily comen, so that about four thousand years from the creation he was crucified & rose again from death ascended to heaven, and in the end of the world thence to come to judge the quick and dead. And where the jews fro the creation hither to, reckon. CC. years less than we, the cause is, that among many of their errors, this is one great over-fight. For they reckon darium Hystaspis or Longimane under whom the temple was redifyed, and Darium that was over comen of great Alexander both for one King of the Medys and Persyans, & to have reigned but vi. years, when there can betwixt them after Ptoleme. Cxcij years, which thing we shall discuss diligently in our chronicle. This conjecture is also helped by Henoch and Elie himself, which both were translated quick out of this miserable life to that blessed immortality, death never tasted. For as the six first generations, that is to say, Adam, Seth, Enos, Lainam, Mahalaleel Jared, died, and the seventh generacion even Henoch himself (whom judas in his Epistle mentioned not without a cause to be the seventh) is immortal. Even so thorough these. vi. millenaries of the world shall death reign, and in the seventh shall floresh that blessed immortality. And as the first. vi. ages of men from Adam to Elie were subject to death, and the seventh which is Elie, obieyned immortality (For Elias was rapt up aly●e in the chariot of fire) even so thorough these vimillenaryes shall the mortal life dure, And in the beginning of the seventh shall we be taken up to meet Christ coming down to judgement. Adam lived to Mathusalem, Mathusalem to Sem, Sem to jacob, jacob to Amram, Amram to Ahian the Silonite, Ahias to Elias, which was translated. These conjectures also used joan picus Meradulane in the year of our Lord ●●. ccc, lxxxvi. & did put up this one among his disputable. 90. conclusions saying: if there be any human conjecture of the last time, we may search and find it by the must secret way of Cabbalist, the end of the world to come hence of 514. years. nevertheless for right great causes (as we have said tofore) we conjecture that the sixth millenary shall not be fulfilled. For as in the law, the sixth day was not hole granted to work therein to the full end as to the midnight, but a good part thereof was anticipated and cut of, added to the Sabbath day, even so shall not the sixth millenary be all full hole given to the laborious last mortal life, but that most glorious beautiful part thereof about the evening sh●lbe antevorted and prevented of that blessed and everlasting rest, as it shall appear clearlyer in the conjectures following, and in the mystery of the supper of our Lord prevented & celebrated in the evening and in the para bless of that callings to supper, after which refreshing there followeth no more labour, but rest. The. ij. Chapt. The second conjecture is taken of the words of christ red. Matth. 24 & Mar. 13. thus. But the day and hour noman knoweth it, no not th'angels in heaven, nor yet the son himself but only my father. But as were the days of Nohe so shallbe the coming of the son of man. For as in the days of Nohe, before the flood, they were eating drinking and marrying unto the day in which Nohe entered into the ark, and knew not thereof till the flood came over them taking all away, even so shallbe the coming of the son of man. For in these words, Christ seemeth not to compare only the quality but also the quantity of the tyme. The quality of the time, I call the corrupt manners of that world and age, the quantity is the number of the years. And as for the quality, there is no doubt thereof, when Christ said plainly Luke. xvij. That as in the days of Nohe and Lot they ate and drunk, took wives and married, bought and sold, planted and builded, even so shall it be when the son of man shallbe revealed. But as touching the quantity or number of the yeris albe it the thing be hid & obscure, yet in some behalf it shyveth & showeth herself, where Math. saith perfectly. As were the days of Nohe, so shallbe the coming of the son of man. Namely when Paul Rom. v. affirmeth Adam to have had been the form and image of Chryst to come, as in y● i. Cor. xv. of christ he maketh an other Adam even into the spirit that quickeneth. The first Adam was erthey out of the earth, but the second man is the Lord himself out of heaven. Now if Christ be the other Adam of whom the first was the form and similitude, and the coming of Christ be as the days of Nohe about the flood, who will not believe but that how much time passed from the earthey adam unto the days of Nohe even to the flood, so much time shall there passover to the celestial Adam our Lord jesus unto the ●nde even to that last fiery flood whereof Peter saith. The day of the Lord shall come like a thief in the night at whose coming the heavens shall passover like a storm and thelements shall melt away with heat, the earth & all the works theris shall be brunt up. And the heavens shallbe consumed which fire, and thelements melted, it is so manifest that from Adam to the flood there passed over. Mcccccclvi. years. wherefore it is very like that in the year of our Lord. Mcccccclvi. the end of the world shallbe comen before our doors which now is not much more than an. C. years hence, except it be reckoned from that resurrection of Christ. And as Nohe knew and the● have we cxli, & so shall it end in the Mccccccc. year from christ not the day ne hour of the flood till the Lord bode him go into the ark (but the year, he knew it) when God told him before that he would grant him yet to the men. cxx. years space to repent, even so we albeit the day and hour we know not, yet the year may we know or conjecture very nigh it. Cap ●ij. ☞ The third coviecture is taken from the time of Christ's birth unto his passion and resurrection, which is. xxxiij. ye res and some days more, whose number we yet know not. For when he was baptised, he was full. thirty. years old or very nigh: so that he was full thirty, ere he took the office of a levity, as to preach and to teach openly. Thus the son of GOD which of everlasting was in the bosom of the father (manisshappe taken up to him) is becocome conversant with us like as one of thirty years old. For as touching his godheit he told the jews, saying: Before Abraham was borne I had my being essential name called Sum. And yet to certify us the more in this thing behold the Astronomer Ptolemeus, which in call king the year, expressed plainly in the course of the .xxxiiij. years of Christ, to be even such, an easter day or passover day as we find now described of thevamgelistesevangelists at that passion of Christ, which day fill then justly upon the friday, as did than Christ upon the same day keep it with his disciples. Albeit the jews then differred & trauslated it into the next sabbath, which was saterdaye, and then ate they their Pass lamb at evening, in the which forenone was offered the very true pass lamb Christ, the end of all the figures thereof, the Jews not yet seeing the verity but abiding still in their dead & blind The day beginneth at. v. o'clock in the eavenig. shadows. The jews differred the feste as they do yet, when it so falleth upon the friday, lest two great festes in which they may not do so much as make their own fire or cut their breed, should be continued together, which thing that Christ should eat his Pass lamb on the friday and suffer also on the same day, making saturday the hole resting day, upon son day early to rise, many hitherto have not ●speyd. But this matter, Paul Bishop Paul bishop of Sempron. of Sempronie searched for, with great study and could not find it out, only because he perceived not, the Jews not to tell the first day of the month from the conjunction of the son and moon next before, but from the eavening even at. v. of the cloak before the change in which the learned astro mers did evidently show it, or else lawful witness proved it to the elders or senators of jerusalem, that the new moan was seen or might have had been seen. But return we to our purpose. Wherefore when our Lord Christ born of the virgin concerning his flesh was in this our miserable life conversant with us. xxxiij. years and some days more, it is very like himself also to be borne spiritually of the in corrupt virgin the holy church by the free confession and pure doctrine of the gospel even so many years, but yei great years, and so to remain and abide with us still in his spiritual birth these. thirty. great years in this world. But here must ye know that there be two manner of great years. two manner of great years in holy seryptur. One is the Angel's year, and the t'other is Moses year. One Angels year conteineth somany of our common years, as we have days in our year, that is 354. cccliiij. ●a●es in our luna re year. of our years for so many days be there in our lunare year. For with us, which be con cluded under the heavens, that course of that soon from east to west finissheth our day in. xxiv. hours. But with the Angels which dwell above the circles & orbs of the Planets, their day finissheth her course, whiles the son moveth in her zodiac, from the south to the north and again from the north to the south, which is finished in one of our years, so that their day is one of our years and econtra. Soche days Christ understandeth Luke. xiij. when he bode them tell Herode that fox. That I cast out devils this day and to morrow and the third day I am at an end. For I must to day and to morewe & the next day walk. For the prophet may nowhere else be put to death but in jerusalem, which words can not be understanden of our common days, but of the. iij. hole years wherein he preached and miracled before his death. For three of our years are but three Angel's days, and every Angel's year is cccliiij of our lunare yeris, which Angels year is called of the Angels oft in Daniel both in hebrewe and caldey speech, a tyme. But Moses great year is Moses great year. the space of l of our years that runneth from one jubilee to another. For as in our year, the labour of the hole tilth returneth in a perpetual circle to where as it begun, that is from seadis time to the same agaeine, even so in the iubeley year, all the Israelites return in their own former possessions again of their fathers and the hole form of their common life & state & living was newly restored and as it were borne again. But the Angel's year may not serve us in this our third conjecture. For if the church should in this world dure. thirty. Angel's years and a little more, the space should exceed twelve thousand of our years, when Elias ge veth it not to stand seven thousand. Wherefore Moses great year, which is that jubelei year doth justly agree to our purpose, M. CC CCC. C For xxxiij. jubilee years make. 1650. of our years, unto the which add those few years that be. vi. yeris for the portion of the days, in which Christ beyend. xxxiij. years lived, and so are we comen to the days of Nohe even. 1656. yeris. But let M. CC CCC. ●WI. us see how those great yeris, laid to the years of Christis life (the times compa red together) shall agree whiles we try it out and examine it, by apt similitudes and comparysons of every thing done of Christ and of the course and state of the world following his death unto this day, first. As our Lord jesus being bor The comparison betwixt his bodily birth & spiritual birth, of ●ir his resurrection ne of Mary the virgin, the glorious clereness of Godillumined the herdsmen taught from heaven Christ their saviour to be borne. Luce. ij. whom they should find wrapped in clutes in the kribbe, even lo, Christ being borne spiritually after his resurrection thorrowe the preaching of the gospel even of the incorrupt virgin the church of the Apostles, the glory of the Lord did shine roundabout and illumined the very hardemen and true flokfeders the Apostles, the holy ghost powredforth upon them in fiery cloven tongues, which testified of Christ and glorified him, teaching them allthings that they might understand the scriptures, & behold Christ in them as it were wrapped and involved in his clouts: Also as christ ones bor The. two. comparison ne, Herode slew the children, hoping to have so s●ain Christ among them, even so Christ once preached after his resurrection, the prince of this world slew the sele young Christians, even the newly regenered by faith into christ trusting thereby (as he doth now) so to have rooted out and destroyed Christ's gospel with their destruction and burning. But as then Herode failed of his purpose even so are now hour Herodes cruel enforcements frustrated. iij. Also as Christ borne, he dwelled under the Egyptians until the death of Herode & reign of Archelay, that is unto the sixth year of his age almost complete, even so Christ preached lurked and was hid under the spiritual Egypt, that is under the tweyfold double persecution both of the temporal tyrants and spiritual her etiques until the sixth Jubilee of the church, that is to the end of Dioclesian, the hebrew word which signifieth egypt, is by interpretation asmuch to say as blind pursuers or double persecutions Egypt blind per sewers. in the dual nowmbyr. Also as Mary the virgin had almost lost christ being. xij. years old in jerusalem and sought him in vain among his kinsfolk iiij. and acoyntance, but at last found him in the temple among that doctores ask and answering them, even so the virgin the church in the twelve Jubilee that was about the year of our Lord cccccc. being sore laid against troubled and waxed with diverse and many heresies chiefly of the Arrians Eunomians and Sabellians, out of whom anon after Mahumete and the pope be sprung up, had almost lost Christ, yea she had lost him in deed, as now have the Mahumetis and Papists had she not at last then found him in the temple of God, that is in the holy scripture among the doctors and teachers even the Prophets, Euangclistes, and Apostles, (where the papistis never yet sought Christ) asking and answering dysputing of our faith and religion she ask the Prophets. For he nether did suffer, ne taught any thing which was not of that Prophets tofore said and testified, he answered to the same in that he accomplesshed allthings in deed that they prophesied of him. Also as Christ borne, h. many of the Israelites believed the herdsmen, Simeon and other testifying of Christ and with no small desire longed to see him openly present teaching them whiles all the other israelites (albeit they only then seemed to be the people of God) yet infect and seduete with the sects of the pharisays & zaduces, knew not Christ, nothing regarding him until joan bapt. began to preach and testify of him now. thirty. years old: even so Christ preached, many verily believed the Apostles and Martyrs and soaked out the pure knowledge of Chryst drawn forth into their posterity, whilis other, (in name only christians) although for an outward shining she we of glitering ceremonies and will works of their own choice, would be seen only to be the church of God, either for their zaduceicall epp●urisme & voluptuose living, for their pharisaical hypocrisy infect and seduct have not known Christ ne any thing at all regarded him until the thirty. jubyley of the church was comen, that is to say until about the 1500. year of the Lord, M LL l. which popish jubilee yet dureth in many churches, albe it in some where the gospel taketh place, it is extinct. Furthermore, vi. as after the. xij. years of Christ until his. thirty. year, we read nothing of him but that he was under his parent's subject, as a lay-man and carpentor conversant with the lay sort, even so after the twelve Jubilee of the church unto the thirtey jubilee, that is from Phocas th'emperor which with public proclamation stablished the popish primacy, the doctrine of Christ hath standen among the laity almost unto this our time, which lay-men contented with their creed & the sacraments, either utterly knew they not these idolatries, sects the justification by works, merytis, and these popish pardons, or else they verily neglected and abhorred them, declaring chiefly this fruit of their faith, that they simply and gladly obeyed their better learned elders, so far as it might be done, without hurt or spot of the true religion & honour of God, when in the mean season, the popis Cardinals, bishops, priests Friars, Monks, enen the Pharyseis, Zaduceis scribes and lawyers all, not one scant clear (the doctrine of Christ neglected and lost) were, and yet be utter lie drowned blinded and damnably cap tined under the doctrine and traditious of men, yea and of the devil to, as Paul called them. Agene as after the. thirty. yeris seven. of Christ's burthe joan Bap▪ preached repentance in the desert baptyzing them to prepar the people for Christ, whō●ftsone after he shewedforth with his finger, even so after the. thirty. Jubilee of the church, was the very sincere doctrine of the law, of the knowledge of original sin and of other vices, the true repentance the doctrine of the true justification, and of the mortification of the old man which is the true and spiritual baptism of repentance, restored to the church, that the people might have been prepared and made apt to receive the doctrine of the gospel, which the doctrine of the law did show to us and pointed it forth before us as it were with fingers, for the fulbrynging or perfection of the law, is Christ unto Rom. x. salvation to justify all that believe in him. Also as Christ anon after joan, began viij. his preaching of the gospel, even so in this our time, anon after the right wholesome doctrine of the law, there hath followed the true and wholesome doctrine of the gospel of the remission of sins only only for Christ's sake, even the righteousness ix. of only saith. Also as nether joan nor Christ taught openly admitted of the high preistis to preach in the temple of jerusalem, because the bishops, scribes, and Pharysais could not bear them, but taught either in desertis or in galyle where the Profane magistrates, and not the bishops ruled, even so in this our time, nether the doctrine of the law ne the gospel can have place in the kingdoms of the Bishops and Pharyseis where these bloody beasts yet bear rule, but either in private places, as it were in the desert, or else verily under some godly prince or ruler only is this pure & wholesome doctrine herd. Item as Satan x. in the tim of Christ steredup diverse tumults, first by Theuda, which took tomich upon himself, and then by judas the galylene which averted the people to make the doctrine of Christ, as it were by their uproars and tumults the more to be suspect of sedition: Even so now in our time hath he stired up the religious and seculare papistes in england, and other where the muntzers, the Shappelers, the anabaptists, the David's georgians, the popish sacramentaries as Steven gardener Bishop of Winchester Doctor smith, perin, and both the universities in England, with like other authors of sedition to make the doctrine of the Gospel now happily in springing up again, to be odious and suspect, yea they would make it heresy and sedition, but yet all in vain, for such sowers of sedition perish in themselves, and their disciples come anon to nought, the doctrine of that gospel stauding self & sure. Also as christ xi. anon about the beginning of his preaching that is, in that first pash tied threuforth the buyers & sellers out of that temple, even so the doctrine of that gospel, now sprongen up aftir the thirty jubilee of the church, hath cast out of christs church the buyers and sellers of popish pardons, merits, misses, lip labours with all other like papistry and dirty dregs of the whore of Rome. And here might I recite many of her devilish doctrines and damnable heresies, rites ceremonies & superstitions, which for shortness I omit, both because these be sufficient enough to prove that the jubyleiss of the church agree justly with the yeris of the life and age of Christ, and also because the godly and truly learned in the scriptures by themselves may find out many more things like. And to beireif, for this cause omit I them that I would not over much provoke the obstinate adversaries of Christ karied away of the infernal furies, to make them the more chary to beware, and with their serpentine subtlety the more crafty to hurt and to cast forth yea to spew forth all their venom at once. For they stumble & all to break Esay. xxviij. themselves aienst their stumbling stone Christ to fall thereat, never to rise again, for that they wittingly and willingly of a set malyre have rejected him. Now therefore sith it is so clear and evident, the jubilees of the church so justly to agree with the years of Christ's life: who can otherwise think but that the church shall not in this world acomplesh the. xxxiiij. jubilei? that is not to pass farreover the Mccccccl. years after Christ's resurrection, nonotherwyse then as Christ accom plesshed not his. xxxiiij. year of his age, but ere the half of the fourth year was fi nisshed, he entered into his rest, ascended into heaven. Wherefore it is very like that after the. xxxiij. jubilee year of the church which shallbe shortly after the year from Christ's birth or resurrection. Mccccccl. the end of the world shallbe at hand, which little space after the said number, how short it shallbe no man can determine, except he knew certainly the very day of Christ's nativity & in what month he was borne, whether in march or no. Fro whenre I think to reckon the more The con iectur of the translator. justly. The number of. seven. is appointed of God to the perpetual rest, wherefore men may conjecture that when the number shall fall, as in the year from Christ's resurrection. Mcccccclxxvij. or. Mcccccclvij. the end shallbe. Cap. iiij. ☞ The fourth conjecture, which is of all the most evident▪ is taken of the city of rome. For the scripture testifieth clearly, Two do minations of Rome, the first was the ij. is. the city of Rome, twice to obtain very great high domination and power. And in either of them both to endure a certain noumbir of years. Also when the city of Rome shall be the second time extinct & destroyed, then doubtless is the end of the world at hand. The first domination, The during of the first domination. was of the Roman city. But the second is now of the Roman court. The first domination the prophet Daniel describeth, which dured to Constantine the great and a little more. The second describeth Paul. ij. thess. ij. and the Apocalypse. xiij. xvij. Which now shall not long dure. Wherefore let us hear them all three severally speaking of both these dominions, and first daniel of the former, but so, that (if need be) some what be spoken by interloquntion, both to interpret it the clearer, and to admonish the the better, and to steer the up to hear the attentyvelyer, for such manner of interlocution by the way of a dialogue conduceth very much both for brevity and clearness. After this manner writeth Daniel. I saw in my vision Daniel. in the midnight, and lo, the. iiij. winds of heaven fought in a great sea, and. iiij. great beasts ascended out of the sea, diverse and contrary among themselves. Osiander. The Angel in the Apoca. saith unto joan. The waters which thou sawest where cap. xvij. the whore sitteth, are people, folk, and tongues. Wherefore the great sea is the fowl canell or stinking dunghill of all the people of the hole world, out of whom be sprongen up the. iiij. Kingdoms in this world. Daniel. The first is like a lieges, and she had the wings of an eagle. I beheld till her wings were plucked from her but her heart was given her. Osiander. This is the Babylonik Kingdom. Dani. And behold there was another beast like a bear standing apart having iij. pieces in his mouth betwixt his teeth to whom they said thus, arise & eatup much flesh. Osi. This is the Kingdom of the Medis & Persis. Dani. Aftirwardis I looked about, & lo, there stood a notherlike a leopard having. iiij. suift wings upon him, and four headis were in the least & pow● was given him▪ Osi. This is the Grekis Kingdom. Da. after this, I behold and looked in my vision in the night, and lo, the fowrth b●ast, terrible and marvelous & strong exceedingly. Osi. This is the Roman monarchy. And here (christian reader) consider diligently, expend and take heed to the number of the name of this best. Da▪ he had tethe of iron, and that very great eating and breaking all to powder. Osi. For it was clear & mighty in battle. Da. The leavyngs he trod under his feet. Osi. For them whom she overcome in battle, she oppressed tyramnosly. Da. But she was unlike the other beasts which I saw before her, for she had ten horns. Osi. As in y●▪ vin. of Dan▪ he saith he saw the mighty he goat having a marvelous great horn betwixt his eyes, which broken of, there sprang up four horns under it, signifying that after great Alexander. iiij. Kings at one time should arise and reign each one in his place, that is to say, Antygonus in Asia, Seleucus in Syria, Ptolomeus in Egypt and Antipater in grece: Even so here by these. x. horns, he signifieth the ten provinces ruled by the counsel of the empire of Rome, every province anointed to her counsellor being precedent over the same with the moult high empery. And that the Roman empery was divided into ten provinces, governed of so many counsellors, nether into more nor less both the story writers in sundry places, and Strabo in the end of his deserypeyon of the earth clearly teltifyeth. Da. I conside red the horns, and so, there sprang up an other little horn out of the middies of The little horn. them, and▪ iij. of his first horns were smitten of from his face. Osi. This sytle horn was. C. julius Cesar, which being a counsellor, and one of the ten horns, whilis he was in france setting allthings prosperosly in order serving the common weal, thought that the counsel at home in Rome should have had a consideration of his necessary absence and so to have done nothing at home without his consent and counsel, which just request, his enemies of envy at home devyed it him and with stood his desire. Wherefore (his vocation in france, where he now was left) he made battle against his country of Rome and overcame them, and became a new horn but yet but a little one, which anon began to were great, and grew into their head having mouth and eyes as we shall declare him hereaftir. And thus by that civil battle among themselves. iij. horns that is to weet. iij. great rulers in most high governance with their host ●edforth against julium Ce. that is to say two of the coum sellers and Pompeius were smitten of from the face of the Roman empery that is were overcomen, but not so that the. iij. horns were utterly rooted out, and but seven. only to remain, but (as the Angel afterward interpreteth it) they were humbled and laid down. For there abode still x. horns. Da. and lo, there were eyes like the eyes of a man in this horn and a mouth speaking stought things. Osi. This is that I said, this little horn anon to be made great and to be changed into an head. For by julius Cesar the monarchy of th'emperors was brought in, which monarchy was not one of the x. horns, but one of the. seven. headis of whom we shall hear clerelier out of the apoca. I know certain men of great name (from whose judgement I descent not gladly without a cause) to think this little horn to have been that wicked Mahumete and pope, but because this Roma ne Kingdom whereof Da. here speaketh, was utterly destroyed before Mahumete was borne and pope to bear great rule. And because Mahumete ne pope was never member of the Roman empire, nether the Apoca. in her ten later horns maketh mention of Mahumete, I doubt not their sentence (by their favour I speak it) plainly to be refused. Da. I beheld till the judgement seatis were set and the old aged sitten down. Osi. The old aged is God the father and Christ which sitteth yet in judgement and damneth those. iiij. great Kingdoms because they would not obey Christ but repelled his word, slaying his Apostles & Christ also with many thousand martyrs. This hid partyclare judgement of GOD in Chryst, the world yet seeth not, the father saying to Chryst. Sit one my right hand whiles I lay thyve enemies under thy foot. Da. his vesture was as white as snow and the hears of his head like will, his throne like the flame of fire, the whelys thereof smyt forth beams of fire, a fiery flood ran forth with violence proceeding from his face, thousand thousands ministered to him and ten hundred thousand assisted him, the judgement was set and the books opened. Osi. Not only God the father in christ sitteth in this daily judgement but also be present the Angels and the spirits of the faythtfull slain for Chri stes sake. And the books in which were written the horrible crimes of these beasts or Kingdoms for the which they are and shallbe dampened and utterly rooted out are opened and red. Da. I looked for the voice of his stought words, which this horn spoke. Osi. This horn is the monarchy of th'emperors brought in thus fyrlte by julius Cesar which Monarchy blasphemed Christ and his doctrine, did setforth public proclamations against the christians, slew the Apostles and tormented most cruelly many thousand martyrs, commanding devils to be worshipped for God, and compelling many to do sacrifice to them. And who can nowmber all those great and horrible blasphemies against the very God, which that wicked Antichrysten Rome then being drunken with the blood of the saints spewed forth? Da. And I saw that the beast was slain and his body destroyed and casten out to be burned, and the power of the other beasts taken away, and the times of their lives were set them unto time and tyme. Osi. GOD the father hath now in time passed taken away the most high empery from all the. iiij. Kingdoms of the world and did give them to his only begotten son christ by his heavenly proclaimed decree, when he said. This is my well-beloved son, in whom I am pleased, him hear ye. But not so that theraftyr there shuldbe no more Kingdoms and imperies: For GOD will have Kingdoms and imperies still to stand, governors to rule, common weals to be served, laws and judgements to be executed, good men to be defended, evil to be punished but so that they do not allthings as they list, as did the. iiij. beasts which nether feared ne regarged GOD ne man but he will rather they believe in Christ him to obey, with his words to be instruct & theraftyr to govern their subiectis that themselves might know also, and to show themselves to have a lord in heaven. But wicked Rome contemneth this heavenly decree of God the father, and christ risen from death, to whom is given all power in heaven and earth she acknowledgeth not, the Apostles she believeth not, to their miracles she giveth no place, with the constancy of martyrs she is not moved, ne with any cruelty of tormenting the Godly is she sated, but continueth still rebel and blasphemose. And therefore GOD the father the most high judge and monarch, in his celestial judgement seat, by his diffinite sentence given, hath he judged her to death. Which sentence once given, the majesty of her empire, like the soul of the body of this beast departeth, translated to Constantinople by Constantyne the great, her body left soon after corrupt, contempt powered forth upon her, is putrefied consumed as karyon, all nations almost rebelling against her, and spoiling Ita lie, until at last, Rome by the Goths wasted, was brent up with fire after almost. MCC. that she was built. And The first and second destructions of Rome this is lo, her end. This was the burial of the former Roman Kingdom and end of her first domination in the year of our Lord. ccccxij. And her last destruction in the. cccccli. of Christ. In the year from the first building of that city. cccccccliij. was christ borne. Whose former burial (I say) by the &ce. remember diligently (Christian reader) I monish and monish the yet again. And the other beasts had then also lost their high empires, and scant retained they any miserable remembrance of their former majesty which because they rejected Christ, they also lost their glory. For in all the hole world was there not a corner in which the kingdoms and empires at that time when Rome fill, were not either utterly overthrow or surely meruerlously changed. But let us yet hear Daniel. Da. I looked then about in the vision of the night, and behold, with the cloudis of heaven came there one like the son of man, and he came to the old aged, and they presented him unto his presence, and he gave him power and honour and Kingdom, that all the people trybis and tongues should serve him. His power is ever lasting which shall not be taken from him and his Kingdom incorruptible. I Daniel was afraid in myself for these things and the visions of my head troubled me. Osi. This is the other part of this divine and heavenly judgement, wherein christ our Lord (the domination of the city of Rome extynct) is sent in to the possession of his empery, and the church thenseforthe received Christian Constan tim was in the year of Christ ccc. or xii cccxix. & reigned thirty. emperors as Constantyne the great and such like, which acknowledged christ to be the King of all Kings and Lord of all Lords. Goodly describeth he Christ calling him the son of man which with the clouds ascended from the earth to heaven, and is comen to the old aged commanded to sit down on his right hand whiles he maketh his enemies his foot stole. Which thing when it was by the gospel tented in vain for a time with and by these mighty men which would nether believe ne give place then were they destroyed and at last rooted out. christ verily is offered unto God the father as he that only is worthy Apo. v. to rceyve power and riches, wisdom strength honour and glory, even as it is allowed in the judgement of the father giving him effectually all power. For the Roman domination extinct, the Gospel was propaled and preached forth thorowt all nations, and the old idolatry was everiwher quenched. Nether should it move us that many afterward rebelled again, and the christian religion forsaken, became Mahometans or papists, or fill bake into other ungodliness. For this minished not the majesty and empire of Christ, but made them more clear, when a little after he should come with great glory, and these rebellis punish with everlasting torments: Even as himself testified by this most apt similitude. A certain noble man went in to a far country to receive his Kingdom & to return. And his citizens (which may Luc. nineteen. not be understanden but of them which some time before believed) hated him, and sent a message after him, saying. We will not have this man to reign over us & ee. But he returned at last, said, these mine enemies which will not have me reign over them bring them hither and slay them before me. The kingdom of Chryst therefore which we pray daily to come unto us even his word wherein he reigneth by faith, love and innocency of living, and in this world obtaineth, governing the believers monished with his word and spirit, and either mending the unbelievers monished with diverse plagues, or thrusting down the incorrigible unto hell, is an eternal kingdom, which in the last judgement shallbe purged from all slanders and offendicles and so thence forth nether to be taken from him ne corrupted. But beware lest any man persuade thee, Daniel in this place to speak of the last judgement. For here it is judged secretly and partyclarely of the four beasts. But in the last judgement it shallbe judged openly and universally, all the judgement given unto christ both of the quik and dead. This judgement is daily done in heaven, the world not seeing it, for the Father gave Christ after his resurrection all power in heaven and earth, even to judge the quik and the dead, being the son of man, as ye read joan .v. cha. The other & last shallbe done upon the earth all the world Angels and devils being present. The particlare judgement these four beasts was done, when Christ went and ascended to his Father in the cloudis from the earth, the last shallbe done when Christ shall return in the cloudis with great majesty into the earth. And to be short, there is nothing in this place of Daniel that thou mayst wrest unto the last judgment, except thou wouldest obscure and deprave the hole vision. Da. I went to one of the bystanders ask him the truth of all these things, which interpreted to me these things saying. These. iiij. beasts, be iiij. King domes which shall rise out of the earth. Osi. That is to say, The Babylonik, the persik, the greek, and the Roman. Da. And the most high faithful of God, shall receive and obtain their Kingdom for ever and ever. Osi. That is the former domination of Rome ended, not only Christ, but his faithful with him shall reign, for the godheyt of Christ once declared by the preaching of the Gospel, and throwing down of the old Idolatry, there began christian magistratis to rule, and thence forth all imperies were holden to obey him. Also sith Christ would reign not by violence and weapon, but by his word and holy ghost, himself then not speaking presently, but only by his holy faithful, it followeth these faithful to reign with Christ, because they teach and interpret the word and will of god, wherefore he said. Who so hear you, heareth me, and who so despise you, despiseth me. Wherefore whatsoever any one of the least of the very faithful shall teach by Christ's word, & his spirit, shall command or forbid, even the same also ought not the high monarchies of the world more to contemn or transgress, then if Christ himself presently hath commanded it them in his own person. And except they obey it, doubtless they shall suffer therefore, other her, or to come. Note also that Daniel calleth the holy faithful, the most high (for so is it in the hebrew) as though he would say, I speak not of every called ho lie one, but of the very holy heavenly which be sanctified with the word and spirit of Christ, for there be some holy ones in a certain extern chosen holiness, because they be shaven, anointed, and oiled, of whom we have called many the most holy highest fathers in Christ, when they be the most profane accursed execrable wretches and abomination before God. Da. After this I would have learned diligently concerning the fowerth beast, which was so much vulyke all the other, and so hugly terrible, whose teeth & klawes were yerney, he eating and crasshing the bones and flesh, and treading the rest under his feet. And of the x horns, which he had in his head, and of the t'other that sprang up, before whom the iij. horns did fall, even of the horn, that had eyes, and a mouth speaking stought arrogant words, and was greater than the other, I beheld it, and lo, this horn made battle against the holy faithful. Osi. I had beheld the beast, ere he was judged to death, etc. Da. And he prevailed against them, till the old aged came and gave the judgement to the high saints, and the time came, that these holy ones obtained the kingdom. And he said thus. Osi. That is to say, The Angel so said, which was one of the by standers. Da. The fourth beast Of the former domina cyon of Rome. shall be the fourth kingdom upon the earth, greater than all the other kingdoms, and shall devour the universal earth, and tread it down to dust. Also the ten horns shallbe ten Kings. Osi. After the Hebrew manner, he calleth them the ten Proconsul's, governing the Roman city, and empire with the most high administration. Da. And another shall arise after them. Osi. That was the Emperor Cesar, and Monarch. Ye must by this horn changed into the head, understand all the Roman Emperors reigning in continual succession, as by every one of the ten horns, all the proconsul's one after another succeeding, governing the same province. Da. And he shall be mightyer than the former. And the three Kings. Osi. They be the three counsellors, bearing the mo●st high impery, that is, the two counsayllers of the city, and Pompeius. Da. He shall bring them full law. Osi. Thou sayst here, that he shall not dissolve the dignity and power of the x. but only the persons shall he overcome, so that they humbled and brought under, shall grant him the imperial, or (as Cicero calleth it) the kingly dominion. Da. And he shall speak words against the high God, & break down the most high holymen, and shall think to may change times and laws. Osi. That is to oppress, and extirp the christian religion. For the Hebrew hath times, and the manner of the religion, that is, the name remaining, bring the religion of Christ into a damnable superstitious abuse. To change the times, is of eating days to make fasting, of merry and glad days to make sorrouful and sad days, of work days to make idle days. And so to alter Gods determined times as to think to prevent with sword and fire and to dispoint God of his immutable & infallible providence, which all yet do Themperors, Popes, & Kings. Da. And they shallbe delivered into his hand unto a ty me, and times, and to half a tyme. That is. D. xxxij. years after Christ's ascension, & M. CC. Xl. years after the building of Rome, which is unto th'end of the first domination of Rome. For Rome stood fyest upon Kings, senators, & counsayllers, and Emperors M. cc. xl. years, until the year of Christ. ccccc li. and sense that time put to the first number D. a time. M. are times. cc. l. half a tyme. In the number there be xxij. years more for that Ro me had not her dominion so soon after her building of D. xxxij. years, and so have we from Christ. c. lxxxiij. but from the beginning of the first duminacyon we have. M. ccccccc lxxij. but let us hear theautor. Osi. This must be understanden after the manner of the holy scripture, not that this only horn having eyes and mouth shall dure so long. But the hole dominicacyon of the Roman city from her, first building unto th'end of her former dominication. As in the book of the judges the scripture saith, Cap. iij. The children of Israel did evil in the sight of God, & forgot their God, serving Balim, and hast aroth. And the Lord bent his anger against Israel, delivering them into the hands of Cusan Rasatham, King of mesopotamy, whom they served viij. years, And they cried to the Lord, which steered them up a saviour and delivered them, and the land had rest xl. years. For this can not be understanden, that after their deliverance they had peace xl. years continu ally, but all this together, that they sinned, that they forgot God, served idols, were delivered up to their enemies, cried to the Lord, were delivered, & had peace for a certain time, was done in xl. years. Likewise here of Rome, it may not be understanden that this one horn dured so long tormenting the holy men, but this holy time altogether, wherein the Roman empery sprang up, grew, so that it was distributed into x. consulary empires, that the Monarchy of Themperors stood in it, that she more then. ccc. years most cruelly impugned the christian religion, & for that was she dampened of God in the heanenly judgement, & at last extinct. All this (I say) hole together was in doing and done by time, and times, & by half a time, True it is that this form of speech That is by. ccccc. xxxij. years. signifieth iij. years & an half. Nethe les not, without a cause did the angel separate them. For the hebrews tell their years, not by the sun, but by the moan out of the. xij. months, that is, standing of. ccc. liiij. days, which days not withstanding in Februarye, when the leap year cometh, in the third or fourth year, they restore to the son years, Also CCC. liiij. day es in the lunar year. nether one nor two years admit any leap year day, wherefore he will them to be understanden without the leap month, that is to say, of m. cc. xxxix. days or there about, for so many days be in three years and an half. But Da. in such manner mysteries useth not our common An Angels day is one of our years: & an angels year is ccc. lij. of our years. days and years, but angels days and years, as we have showed it at large in the iij. conjecture, whereof there is a very evident proof in the end of the xij. Chap. of Da. where one angel asketh of another, how long shall it be to the end of these marvelous things? which swearing by the eternal living God answereth: saying, unto the time of times & an half. For in no wise is it red in that place time & times & an half as have our common books, but as we interpret it, This is therefore the mind of the angel. That from the third year of Cyrus unto the end of all those meruellouse things which were revealed to him in that vision, even unto Christ, which anon after these meruelles were ended, should come, there should bepast over, the time of times and an half, that is, to say, the year of years, & an half, that is an Angels year, and an half, which con teyneth of our common years. D. xxxn. if we behold the moan years, for it is the year of years, which standeth not upon ccc. liiij. days, but of so many of our common years. Certain it is out of Ptolemy fro the beginning of the reign of Nebucha●nezar, The Angels year is call led the year of years conteynyng ccc. liiij. of our years. whom he calleth nabopolassar unto the birth of Christ to have had passed over. cccccc. xxv. almost of our years, out of which, if thou taketh nineteen. before the destruction of jerusalem, and the lxx. of the captivity, and the iij. first years of Cyrus, there shallbe left D. xxxij. and a few months, which justly make the time of times & the half time, that is an Angels year and an half. For asmuch then, as it is plain, Daniel in such mysteries to be expressed to use Angels days and years, & contrariwise, when he meaneth our come money years and time brought into days, he useth to add the morning and eve ning, that we should not take them for the Angels days nor time: there is no doubt, but that in this place also it behoveth it to be understanden of the Angels years. Namely when out of the for so the saing of Rhomulus it was pronostickt of Vectio, that noble forsooth sayer, that because the city of Rome had passed ever prosperously her. cxx. years, she should come to M. cc. years. Wherefore it is the mind of Daniel, that the city of Rome under the monarchy of themperors should persecute the church of the living God, and to bear dominati on until she had accomplished in. angels yeris, and an half of her age, that iij. Angels yea res and did. m. cc. xl is to say, almost. M. cc. xl. of our yeris, which thing we see it in deed justly fulfilled. For about the year from the building of Rome. c. lxx. the imperial Majesty was translated fro Rome to Con stantinople. And if Rome had thenceforth any emperors west fro Constan tinople, yet did their original and auto rite depend of the Constantinople impery, Now was Rome, then like no li vely body, which should govern herfelf, but as a dead ka●kas, of whose corpse & burial other men had the governance & cure. After these, about the year of her buyl The fall of the former domination of Rome ding m. c. lxiiij. of the goats brought thither of Alaricho, was she taken spoiled & brent. And afterward about the year M. cc. viij. of G●nserycho was she taken again & spuyled. And at last in the year of the city M. cc. xxix. the rest left in the miserable Rome city were brought into so great calamity and contempt, that when Augustulus was then slain, she was no ●aryon fo. c. xlvi saith in a●. chri. ccccc. li. was Ro me utter lie destroyed in the city year. m. ccc. iij more worthy to have not so much as a Lord, that is any welte Emperor. For thus far of was she now to have any dominion Imperial over other after her old manner. And this was now her extre me and last fatal destined end or rather an utter dissipation or skatering away of her memorial, and as it were the strewing abroad of the ashes of the city of Rome, and of her former domination, as it was prophesied of Daniel. Da. And the judgement was set. ●si. That is, so long were they in this condemnation in the judgement of God, as were the holy saints oppressed and persecuted of this horn. Da. That their power might betaken away. ●si. That is the power of this fourth beast. Da. And be all to broken and destroyed to perish into the end. ●si. That is, utterly without any help to perish. Da. But the king doen and power and the amplitude thereof vuder all the heaven shallbe given to the people of the most high holy ones whose reign is everlasting, and all ●ynges shall serve and obey him. ●si. These are declared afore. Da. Hitherto is the end of this matter. ●si. Hitherto is it treated & spoken of the former dominion of Rome, which after Daniel dured iij. Angels years, and an half, even after their own prophecy of the same city from her first building. M. cc. which is almost M. CC. all one space. Now let us treat of the later domination of Rome out of the Apocal. & of The why lines of Satan. Pau. And as tofore, where need is, will we use like interlocution. And here (christian reder) I would thou shouldest first consider how great and earnest was satans subtile crafty deceitful wiliness, who when he perceived this former domination of Rome now to be utterly subverted, he studied diligently to paint forth and to set up long before whiles the t'other yet endured, another domination of the same city, yea and that far worse than the former. And he did so garnish it, that be fore this former was utterly fallen and expired, this later domination should be even then almost ripe in all wickedness by the Popis, and be waxed strong enough in all Idolatry superstition false religion and all mischief. For when that former domination of the Rom. city, was yet valeant in strength and armour, this later domination took increase & began to arise and creep up under the cloak and name of the christian religion, in superstition, chosen holiness, and false miracles and falser doctrine. In which false pretext to be describe, the author of the Apoc. xvi. most earnest and diligent, setting before us this one thing, even as it were the open mark to behold that the domi nication of Rome, after it was once falsen and utterly extinct, she should creep up out of her grave, and put forth her head again after a new fashion in another v●sare. But joan would in no place open lie name her the city of Rome in plain words, l●st she made more cruel & angry for her open name (for the wicked, the more she is monished by name & utte red, the worse is she) should have persecuted the church, the greuous●yer and the sharplyer, which persecution was yet, even then most bitter and tyrannous. He therefore here treateth two necessary things. first he diligently describeth, what manner one was this later beast before the former fall of the domination of Rome, whom he will not openly name, which also after that fall and utter destruction, so swiftly waxed so strong again, as though she had been risen from death to life, so that all the circumstances diligent lie expressed, only her name suppressed, he most certainly assewerth is, that he speaketh of the city of Rome. Secondly he painteth before us most artificiously all the conditions of the later domination, in what thing she agreeth with the former, and in what she agreeth not, so that she once diligently known, we might avoid and abhor her as hell gates and the pit of everlasting damnation. Nether was he content with that so diligent picture, which he did set before our eyes in his xiij. Cham but also did adjoin in his. xvij. Ca the interpretation which he received of the Angel like daniel's, which we for the more briefness Apo. xiij shall (as it were) weave it into our narracion. Thus saith joan. I saw the beast apo. xvij arising out of the sea. Osi. This beast That he venly decree was of Christ's enemies, even the Emperors & Popis not yet to be fully made his feet stole in the xvij. Cham He saw again, the angel interpreting her saying. The beast whom I saw, was, and is not, that is, she was even such one as Daniel deseri bed her, but she is not, for the impery was then, but anon after taken away of God, as we have heard it tofore. But because that heavenly decree of God the Fa ther, concerning Christ, was not yet put in execution, therefore the Angel a little after speaketh it clerelyer saying. She was and is not, For albeit, she then being in her flowers, yet was she than certainly appointed and destined to her destruction, though not yet utterly extirped. Apo. xiij and xvij joan. Having. seven. heads & x. horns. Osi. This the Angel also interpreted thus, saying. And here it behoveth a mind that hath wisdom. The vij heads are the seven. hills, upon which the woe man sitteth, and they be seven. Kings. And a little after in the end of the xvij. Ca he saith. The woman whom thou sawest, apo. xvij in the end. is the great city, which hath the kingdom and dominion over the Kings of the earth. Wherefore the seven. heads have a double interpretation. First they signify the vij hills, or the seven. hill tops, which Rome containeth within her walls buyl ded upon the same, as Virgel describeth her situation, Rome to compass about within her walls seven little hills, like seven Towers, which is one of the notable tokens and shows of the City of Rome, that she is builded upon these seven. hills, which thing was never herd said of any city else in all the world. Secondly the seven. heads signify seven. Kings. But be cause the x. horns also signify x. Kings, which thing seemeth to make confu sion, therefore the apt difference is to be sought consenting with the verity, which verily is soon espied in the interpretation of the angel, which saith of the. seven. Kings, v. to have had been fallen, and one is, Ap. xvij. and the last not yet to have had ben comen. Whereof it is plain, these seven. Kings to have had reigned one after another. But of the x. Kings thus he saith. These shall receive power in one hour Ap. xvij. that is, they all shall reign at one time together one in his place, as did the. x. proconsul's in the former domination of Rome. But here must ye know and diligently note it, that in such manner mysteries, A King signifieth not one singular person, but all the Kings one succe ding another in a continual live, so long as that manner of reign be not changed as it is in Daniel. xi. Where the King of the south signify all the Kings of Egypte fr● Ptolomeo Lag● unto Cleopotram. And the King of the north signifieth all the Kings of Syrie fro Seleuco Nicanore unto Antiochum Epiphanem. Wherefore even her also must they be so taken. Manifest it is, the city of Rome in her former domination to have had seven. heads, that is un. kinds of kings or rulers of the most high empery successively. For first of all kings did constitute her first governance and domination. Then the counsellors the second. After that, the tenmen with the most high authority were created to write and make her laws which constituted the third regiment. Then the Dic tatores the fourth. The Thremen after the death of july did constitute the fift. And the Cesares the monarch made the sixth. And at last, the extern or strange emperors which were not of the house of the Caesar's, constituted the seventh head. Wherefore the angel speaketh right lie and clearly when he sayeth: five are fallen, that is to weit: The Kings, the counsulers, the Tenmen, the Dictatores and the Thremen were past & gone. The in y● y●a● of Christ lxxxvi. sixth was the monarchy of the Caesar's, which then stood, when john wrote these words (for he wrote them under Cesar Domiciane) But the seventh was not then comen. For then as yet was there no strange or extern Emperor created▪ And the x. horns, which be the x. kings then yet for to reign all at once in diverse The x. Kings in the former domination & the x. Kings in the later, places and not one after an other in any one place were in the former domination the proconsulers. But in this later domination, they be the. x. Kingdoms, which reverently yet confess or have confessed Rome to be the head▪ of all the churches, as Spain, Portugal, France, england, Scotlond, Denmark, Poole, Boheme, hungary, and even he that yet huldeth now the Kingdom in name only, or empir of Rome, & is not, that is to weit. Charlis. v. Let him hold fast the title. How be it there were other in other places, as when one fill, ●po. xiij. their start up another, albeit they were ever about. x. in number. joan. And upon his horns he had. x. diadems. Osi. For they were decked & garnesshed with the most high empery in their popish prelates as cardinals & Bishops exalted above their Kings. joan. And upon his own head the name of blasphemy Osi. That is blasphemous names & titles. For when they had herd anon out of the prophetis and Sibyls of the kingdom that should be eternal to spring up out of the earth which was Christ with his Kingdom and gospel, than applied they the same salvation to their Romish church and Bishop of Rome and to his antichristian Kingdom. Whereof jupiter in virgil saith. I have given the an empire without end, and again, unto it will I nether limits ne time put thereto. A great blasphemy verily is it, arrogantly to usurp the honour praise and majesty of the everlasting empery and Kingdom of Christ, dew only to the son of God, & to apply and adjoin them to the ungod lie wicked tyranny of the romish city & profane court of Rome, I might here speak other things of this blasphemy, but because it is certain non of these. seven. headis to be seen in the later domination, but only the aight head, which is the pope, as we shall hereaftir se, the blasphemies of the later beast ought not to be applied to the former. joan. And the beast whom I saw was like a leopard, and his feet like the feet of a bear and his mouth like a lions mouth, and the dragon gave him his own strength & his own seat, and also great power. Osi. For as the dragon is called of Christ the prince of this world, and reigneth all spiritually and invisibly under heaven with his other wicked spirits the rulers of those derkenesses, even so giveth he his strength, seat and power to this beast the pope, that she by the moeions and instigations of this dragon, after his manner and will might reign also bodily and visibly. Io. And I saw one of her headis as it were smitten to death, but that deadly wound was healed. Osi. This head was first the Monarchy of the Caesar's, which sprung up in C. julio Cesare, which when he was smitten with xxiii woundis, and slain of the conjured against him, the monarchy seemed utterly to be subverted and perished, which yet was not so, but it waxed strong again, & was stablished more mightily in Octa vio Augusto. Io. And all the earth with Apocal xiii. admiration beheld the beast, and worshipped the dragon which gave her that power. And they fill down before the beast, saying: Who is like this beast? and who may fight with her? Osi. As I said tofore, the fame was spread over all the world, even the same which had her original out of the prophetis and ●ibillis, that there should arise in the earth about that time an everlasting kingdom, which seemed to the ungodly to be fulfilled in this Roman monarchy of Octavian August, namely sith it was under him so happily stablished and all the hole world so prosperously set in peace, where fore they thought it to be so done by the singular counsel of the most high God. But the very God would reserve this glory and maieltie of th'eternal empery for his own son and not to give it to the tran sitorie empery of Rom. Wherefore it was so, that when the ungodly in their hearts and thoughtis worshipped that God which now stablesshed the Roman monarchy as they judged, they worshipped not the very God, as they seemed to themselves. For the very God, in nowise had stablis shed the Roman empery, which a little after he thought to destroy, as that prophets foresaid it, and the final fall thereof proved it. But they worshipped satan and their own vain imagination which strewed and spread this monstrose opinion of the eternal empire of rome into that world, which satan therefore had promoved the monarchy of the same and given her his power that by one kingdom he mought the sooner and cruellier tame his tirannouse woodness upon the christians. For if the highest empire had standen upon the. xii. counsellors & Senators they had never have had been carried and concited of the devil with so great woodness and fury against the Christians as eft soon were Nero, Domiciane and such like incensed against them. They also fill down before the beast. For they had wendt that the empire had been now constituted of God by oracles, and they made God's of the Caesar's, either by the most fowl flattering of them, or by extreme blindness. For when they said. Oh, who is like the beast? It is asmich to say as this beast is God. For this can not be said but of God only. Who is like that oh lord? And when they say who may fight with her? they make her invict and constituted of God. And because he maketh mention of battle, he she wed, himself to have had painted hitherto the city of Rome by the marks of the former domination. For the later flouresshed not by armour in battle but by colourable collusions and feigned pretences of holiness So that joan hitherto said nothing else then that this city builded upon. un. hillis, having. seven. kinds of the most high magistrates, even the empery over the x. provinces, as it were distributed into Kingdoms, which also by a blasphemou se presumption thought herself perpetually and evermore to reign. In which most mighty monarchy of Caesar's against the will of S. P. Q. K. it sprang up with great admiration of all men. And when she was deadly wounded in julio Cesare, yet, was she so restored and stablished in Octavio Augusto, that the thing appeared to the unwise and ongodly to be done of God. For that same city (I say) after she was utterly Now ●● her later domination. set of from all her former domination and utterly extynct, yet after that deadly wound and head destruction she did putup her head again. And whilis Satan made her mighty, and armied her into the persecution and destruction of bodies & soulis, but chiefly into the persecution of the christians, after a new manner came she again to her most high domination. Which thing he might have said in fewer and clearer words, if he would have openly and plainly named y● Rome city. But that was not then expedient for the church as we told you before. Now therefore there remaineth, that we hear what manner one this beast is, & how she did put up her head again which thing the angel the interpreter of the vision ●po. xvij clearly teacheth us saying. The beast whom thou sawest, was & is not, & shall ascend out of the deep dark pit, and shall go in to his own destruction, that is into everlasting damnation, whose cause we shall hear afterward, and the inhabitors of the earth shall marvel thereat, whose names be not written in the book of life: from the creation of the world, seeing the beast that was and is not, that is, when she did put up her head again. For as the gentiles some time marveled at the monarchy of the Caesar's, so now marvel the superstitious and the ungodly at this last domination of Rome. But the angel proceeded saying. Here it behoveth understanding with wisdom. The vij heads▪ are the seven. hillis upon which the woman sitteth, and they be vij Kings .v. be fallen, one is, and the t'other is not yet comen. But when he shall come, he must tarry but a short tyme. And the beau (that is the former empire) that was and is not, he is the aight (that is to say, the former empery or domination shall come and fall to the pope to be in like power or grater than were the Caesar's.) But he is the aight, and The beast her is taken for the empires of Rom. of the seventh, and goeth in to his own destruccio that is, that beast which was and is not, even the former empir of the Caesar's, when she shall rise up and put up her head again in the pope's domination and last empire, she shall have none of those vij head is, that is to say neither Kings, consuls, Senatores ne Cesares but in name only &ce. For they must all first fall, and the former beast, that is the seculare empery be utterly destroyed, before the later domination of the pope (Satan exciting it) be sprung up. For in this last domination of Rome, shall there reign nether kings ne counsel lers nor tenmen, nor dictatores, nor the thremen nor Caesar's etc. as before, but the aight beast, even the pope's alone, which nevertheless is said to be one of the vij because he is in many things as in seclare profane business and battle & bloodshedding like the strange former Caesar's and emprours, which were the last head among the vij But in this only doth he chiefly differre, that where they reigned in an open civility and impugned the word of God only with weapon, this beast, the pope's, under the cloak and colour of religion reigneth, and under the pretext of the true interpretation thereof he corrupteth falsifyeth and perverteth the doctrine of Christ, the sacraments he defileth with his own additions, & abuses and the articles of our faith he blotteth out of the bible with his own false added articles. The doctrines of the devil he stablissheth with menis authority, with sword and policies of realms. And like the forlorn child and son of perdition, with all his followers & confedered (oh terrible word) he goeth on into everlasting death & damnation. But let us hear joan again speaking yet farther of his vision. joan. And there Apoca. xiij. was given him a mouth speaking great things & proud blasphemies. Osi. These words pertain no ferther to the mar kiss of the former domination now past, but they paint us forth what manner a beast was then to come, after that Rome should yet again put up her head into the pope's domination, & arise, as it were out of the waters. For he saith not, she hath a mouth, but she hath a mouth given her so speaking. To speak great things, after the hebrewe phrase, is to speak arrogant lie & proudly boasting himself & to glory Psalm: ● xij. in his own mischief, which verily do the pope's, whilis they boast themselves to be the vicars of Christ & to occupy gods stead, yea & to be a God himself whiles they compare themselves to the son & the emperors to the moan, with sich like infinite arrogant exaltations above god and man. Also he speaketh blasphemies, whilis he dampneth christ is gospel for heresy & also the right use of the sacraments, settig forth his own damnable doctrine & sum perstitions to be observed & believed above & aiē●t gods eternal word & institutions. And in this behalf, this beast abideth still like herself. For even in the former domination also there was a mouth speaking great and stought things. joan. And there was power given to her to make battle, or to do mischief months. xlij. And here is the principal thing & head xlij. months cclx yeris. of this matter for the which we fret all these places of Daniel and joan. For even in this thing is this later domination. of the pope like the former, which dured a time times and half a tyme. For as there, it was necessary to understand aungelike times even so here must we understand Angels months of which. xlij. make. Mcclx. Angels days, that is, somany of our years, or that is all one. iij. Angels yeris and an Apoc. xij Mcclx. half, even as it is clear out of the. xij. ca of the apoca. where the same time first of. Mcclx. days is determined, and afterward is called the time, times, and an half. But note it well, that joan beholdeth not, ne hath respect to the ieves year but to the Roman month which containeth. thirty. days. For where as. xxxi The Ro mane moaneth is thirty days. The very moaneth hath but xxix. days & almost Turrian halfday. days be ascribed to some months in that Roman Calendarie, it is done for the. v days to serve the leap yeris. Or else that true & just month hath only but xxix. & almost an half day. But let us set these things a part for a little while. I can not but marvel excedinly & vehemently also how it should happen, that men, I will not call them. learned, but rude & unlettered, which should have but only a crumb of human reason and wit, should be brought to believe, that all these things, which joan here, & Paul to the Thessa. have prophesied of this beast might be finished & done with in the space of. iij. of our years and an half, sith they be such manner things, that if they were now finished & written word by word, they should require an unweary and a meruellouse swift reader which might fully read them with in. iij. yeris. For impossible is it that sich gests & stories done should be divulged & spread abroad over the hole christendom with a lively voice in the space of iij. years so far of is it that they should be done all in. iij. or. iiij. years, yea although antichrist should have a swif winged host. But the ingratitude of mankind hath deserved to be smitten with this so great blindness, because he hath not acknowledged with thanks the benefits of Christ. But of this matter we shall speak more heraftir when we come to Paul. Now to our purpose. joan. And he opened his mouth to speak forth blasphemies against God, to blaspheme his name and his tabernacle and them that dwell in heaven. Osi. There may noman blaspheme the word but the same blasphemeth also the name of God. Many manner wise blasphemeth the pope that word of God whilis he perverteth the words of the souper of the Lord wrestmg them violent lie to his fleshly eating & bloody drinking, damning as heresy the true use of both the bread & cup instituted of Christ. He blasphemeth God's word also whilis he forbiddeth priests to marry, & forbiddeth certain meatis stablisshing thereby the doctrine of devils. When Paul clearly saith. A Bishop to be the housbond of one wife, and all things to be clean to the pure. The pope therefore blasphemeth the name of God. Also what it is to blaspheme the tabernacle of God & them that dwell in heaven, it is plainly perceived in the. ix. of Daniel where it is thus prophe cied of Antioch. Out of one of them there went forth a little horn & it was magnified and extolled up unto the strength, tower, or tabernacle of heaven, & he threw down some of the stars treading them under his feet. For truth it is, that he understood thereby the temple of God and the holy men in the people of Israel. And even so do the pope blaspheme the church of God and his holy faithful, calling them heretics, saying that there is no hope of salvation except we hold upon the pope & be under the court of Rome, obe dient to his devilish laws and doctrine, when it is here clearly said, none to have the true hope of salvation that abide in the pope's doctrine. But there be infinite like things which ask another treatise. joan. And it was given him to make ba tail with the holy faithful and to overcome them. Osi. So great is the might & power of the lies, of the jugglings, of the false coloured doctrine, of the false miracles, and of the ipocrisye of the popedom that even the very holy faithful men shall seem to be overcomen and taken for here tiques when the pope so damneth & declareth them. Which thing except we perceive & remember well, we can not abhor and fear his blasphemies. But because he blasphemeth none evil men, as the self thing witnesseth it, but only the good and the very true church, even God's holy faithful, we ought to joy & rejoice when we be thus blasphemed of him. For it happeneth to us in to the testinionie that we have nothing to do with the abominable beast, but that we estiewe, apoc. xiij loath and abhor him. joan. And there was given him power over all the tribes and people & tongues & folk. Osi. This doth th'angel interpret where he saith. The. x. horns which thou sawest ar. x. Kings, which yet have not received their apo. xvij Kingdom, but with the beast shall they in one hour receive power as Kings. These have one counsel and shall deliver up their power to the beast, that is to say, As the first domination had. x. provinees ruled by the counsellors, even s● shall the second domination (when the beast is now waxed strong) have her. x. Kings, as I said to fore. For that as before was but one Roman empery, is now divided into. x. kingdoms of which every one hath her king, which in joans' time had not yet received kingdom. For the beast hirself had not then put up her head and horns but they were to receive it at hour one with the beast, that was at the same time, not so, that one should reign after another, as did the un▪ heads in the secular impery, but altogether and in the self time, as we see it in very deed. For these Kings with one counsel or sentence deliver up their power to the Pope, that is with a still secret consent in their course and lot, they humbly acknowledge the Pope to be their head, reverencing him for the vicar of Christ, submitting themselves, and theirs unto him, And thus did the beast get him power over every kindred tribe people tongue and folk as far as was the Christendom wide. Apo. xiij For when he would govern and rule under the holy pretence of religion, so might not his power extend to the infidels. jan. And all that inhabit the earth shall worship the beast, whose names be not written in the book of the living lombe, which was slain fro the beginning of the world. Osi. God which is rich in mercy, for his exceeding love, wherewith he loved us, when we were dead in sins, he revived us that truly believed in Christ, and hath made us to sit in heavenly seatis, as writeth Paul to the Ephes●. Wherefore when the Pope blasphemeth us, he blasphemeth the dwellers in heaven. But they whose names be not written in the book of life, they dwell in the earth, for they savour but earthily things, and therefore worship they the beast. joan. Who so have ears let him Apo. xiij hear, who so leadeth into captivity, himself goeth into captivity, he that slayeth with sword, shall be with sword slain. And here is the patience and the faith of the saints. Osi. That is, if any man by these things spoken, can not yet know, who is this beast, let him at least wise yet understand this one thing, yfhe now have any ears to hear. That where the holy faithful, for the faiths sake and true doctrine of Christ be led into bondage of men's traditions, or smitten with sword, or by any other meanis slain, which is suffered without shame, & that openly (for in this our time many have been slain, and many presoned and persecuted only, because with a good conscience, they mary their lawful wives, preach and profess the truth, will worship non Idols, will receive both the parts of the souper and not the half) there is the kingdom of this beast, whom God so hateth and detesteth that he will utterly remesure her with the same measure, wherewith Ap. xviij she measureth his saints. For at her time, he shall say. Render to her as she hath given to us, give her twice double according to her own deeds. For the cup that she hath mingled for you, fill it to her twice full, and how much she hath magnified herself, and sitten in her delicate ease and pleasures, so much reward her with torments and wailings. Apo. iij. joan. And I saw another beast arising and ascending from out of the earth. Osi. And this beast signifieth as do all that other, a certain kingdom, not of one man, but of a certain great confuse filthy swarm by a certain conspirisie and seditious consent swarming together on heap, as though they were one body. And who be this beast, joan himself interpreteth Apo. nineteen. it cha. nineteen. callig her the false prophetis which make wonders and miracles befo re the beast. This beast therefore signifieth The sata mke swarm of the false pre achers. the false flock, the stinking dunghill, the conjured covent and kingdom of all the false teachers & preachers, even the Pope's bocherly spiritualty in the hole pope dom. And this beast is said to ascend & climb out of the earth, to put difference fro the bealtis ascending out of the sea. For the water is a more thick and grosser element than the air, and therefore it bringeth forth greater and grosser beasts. And as the water signify much people in heaps making rumore and tumul te and folk of grosser wit, in who increaseth the love of voluptuousness & lust to reign, even so, to rise fro the earth, signifieth men of more subtile wit, for that not in the water, but in the air they be created, and therein to live. This beast therefore is risen up out of men witty and ingenious, but yet ungodly. Of whom at Rome and her to there is the most mighty and mischievous multitude. joan. And she had two like a lamb, but sue spoke as did the dra Apo. xiij gone, Dst, The lamb is Christ, which fighteth not with any corporal sword, but with his spiritual horns, that is, with his word, which is divided into two horns, that is, into the word of the law, which is the word of wrath, and death, and into the word of the gospel, which Luke. i. is the horn of health grace and life. And even so hath this beast or college of fall see Prophets a double doctrine, of which one they call the doctrine of faith, & the t'other, the doctrine of good manners or moral, but they both be contamyned & corrupt with errors. But yet thus retain they the colour and glitering show, as though they were christian doctores teaching Gods word. For in this pretence their horns be like the lombes horns. But in very deed, they speak as doth the dragon. The dragon or Satan, Christ to witness, which stood not in the troth, but is a liar and the father thereof, And when he speaketh lies, he speaketh them out of his own head. And even so, these false teachers stand not in the pure doctrine of Christ, but speak forth, and teach us their own dreams and cogitations out of their own sense. joan. And he doth all the power of the former beast in the Apo. xiij. presence of him. Osi. This beast blown together of the false teachers serveth, ministereth, upholdeth and defendeth the Pope's kingdom, whiles himself sitting careless in all ease, exempt from all charges taketh his delicate lusts and pleasu res, and (as say the Italyaus) triumpheth Apo. xiij. at home in all security. joan. And he maketh the earth and the dwellers therein to fall down and worship the first chief or head beast. Osi. That is the beast, that lordly ruleth in the seat of Rome. For his Bishops, Cardinals, Priests, and preachers teach him to have that prima r●e and to be supreme head of the church, iure divino, by Godis law, and they lie to. joan. Whose deadly wound was healed. The of his dead lie wound Osi. As the heythen had once in admiration the invict stability of the Roman monarchy, as I said tofore, even so had they it again when Rome had now fallen from Emperors, and had by the popedom erected herself gloriously & proudly up again. The superstitious & the ungodly, whose names be not written in the book of life, began to wonnder and to have in like admiration the invict majesty of the Popedom and primacy of the proud romish Bishop, thinking God therefore to have had established the Roman monarchy to this end, that at last it should grow up into the Popedom. joan. And he doth great wonders and miracles, so that he will make fire fall down from heaven into the earth in the sight of all men. Osi. S. Paul in his ij. to the Thessalo. Chap. ij. calleth these wone dear signs & miracles, prodigious lies, for partly be they mere mistyeing gling castis, as when they bore thorough images of tree, and water powered in, they can make them to weep tears falling down, & with oil make them to sweat, or when they strew krevesses in church pards creeping in the night with wax candles eudes light and stoked upon their books, as did the priests of late in dordrake to make the people believe that the souls of the dead, cruciated inpurgatory so returned to seek their help by their wont misses and suffragies on all soul's day. And partly are they mere lies, as when they tell us such weeping images to speak, to move themselves, & the soulis returned fro purgatory, to tell us that they shall be delivered by this many misses, which done, and the priests paid, that krevesses creep there no more. But those & in finite more lying signs & wonders stirred up so great devotion in the fond ignorant people, that the fire of the holy ghost seemed by these beasts false doctrine, and falser miracles written and preached with so great confidence to be slyden down into the hearts of this manner of superstitious folk. joan. And he seduceth the dwellers in the earth with his prodigyous tokens and wonders, which were given him to make in the presence of the beast, speaking to, & bidding the dwellers in the earth, that they make the image of the beast, which hath the deadly wound of the sword, and yet li veth. Osi. Of this manifold mention Things come money to both the beasts in their domina ●yuns. and repetition of his deadly wound, which nevertheless was yet healed, it plainly appeareth, it to be also found a like in both the dominations of both the beasts, as is the mouth speaking so stought things, and the ten horns, and also Gog and Magog common to them both. For they of whom Ezech. prophechied pertain to the former domination, but they that be mentioned of joan, shallbe found at last in this later, as yet many other things moo. So that as the Monarchy of the Cesares in C. julio Cesar, seemed utterly to be extinct by the sword, and yet was revived, even so the monarchy of the Pope was wounded to death by the sword of the spirit, which is the word of God, when Christ said to all his Apostles and to their successors, yea and even to Peter, that the Kings of the heythen shall play the Lords over their folk, but so do not you. And the African counsel decreed out of the same word of God, that no Bishop, no not the Bishop of Rome, aught to be called the Prince of priests, or chief head or ruler, or overmost of the church, or the highest priest over all, or the universal Bishop, so far of is it that any should be called, Papa, that is father of all fathers, Pope in English distin. xcix. Ca prim. This beast had never so deadly an head wound as the sword of God's word hath now given him in these last thirty. years, sense Erasmus. Mar. Luth. Zwi glius, Decolampadius, Melanchton, Pelli cane. Bullinger, Bibliander, Bucer, Cal vine with many gretilerned & godly men more have begun to write, teach, & preach, and yet, the more strongly & fiercely all his sworn sourgens and Popish Pharisees and Antichristen writers & teachers, as Cocleus, Einser, Alphons, Eccius, Piggi●s, Latomus, Bartholomeus Latom. john fisher Bish. of Rochester, Sir though mass More chancellor of England, Standysh, Steven gardener Bissop of Wynchester, doctor Smith peryn, with all their sworn swarm of friars Cardinals & Bishops having now the Emperor Charles v. one their side hired of the Pope & his spirituality, confedered with An tichrist to fight against the lord & his anointed, as he have of late begin unhappily M. D. xlvi. against the Germans, having (I say) on their side many yet blind Kings and Princes of the earth, the more fiercely (I say) these his sinful superstitious sourgens secular and spiritual with pene fire and sword contend and enforce to heal their beasts deadly wound given him with God's word, the more uncurably do his wound feister, the deeper it rotteth, the wider it waxeth into his present destruction and death, as ye see this day the almighty merciful power of God resisting their cursed cure, fighting against the envious enforcementes of the Emperor, Pope, and all Kings contending to heal the Popis wound with their fryerlye pharisaical Physicians. But who would have believed this domination first of Christ, and then of the council so openly and justly condemned and so wounded to have had any more lived? And yet after these deadly wounds she lived and yet lived to this day, but never so sick as now. And therefore his false doctors, foolish sourgens, & falser Prophets than feigned him to have holden his domina cyon and primacy by the law and word of God, And persuaded men, as they yet with Wynchester labour the country, that the image of this beast be made and set up. For as the image of God is the word of God, so is the image of the popedom the word doctrine and traditions of the Pope. For he is set up in the temple of God, boasting & ostenting himself for God. And in this he country fayteth God, that he be getteth his word, doctrine, rites, cere. and traditions out of his own brain like unto his awne antichristian image. sith then the doctrine of the Popedom, which these false defenders defend & these false teachers do teach, be double, that is to say, of faith and manners, necessarily are their two books compiled, that is, the book of their sentences, and their book of decrees and decretals, which be even the very self image of the popedom lively expressing all their fashion & form, their faith, their life, religion & merciless manners. And thus it clearly appeareth this later beast to be blown together of the lying doctors of the scholastical divinity turning and studying the master of their sentences, the holy Bible so neglected, that many of them never red it, ne have had it in their scoles: and of the doctors of their common law, treating the filthy duly she decrees of Popes, among the which doctors, the inquirers of their heretical pravity (as they call them) worthily obtain the highest place, being in the stead of the head to execute his merciless and tyrannous office in burning. All these men instruct & armed with his demlly she double doctrine of the popedom as it were with their two mighty horns, fight for, and defend the Popis kingdom. joan. And it was given to him, that he should give spirit, & breath to the image of the beast, that the beasts image might speak. Osi. That is, this latter beast blown together of these falfeteachers, hath in effect brought it to pass, that the image or doctrine of the Pope, should take breath boldness & spirit to live and speak. For by their counsels conspirisons, convocations and persuasions have they es●ectuonsly made it, that the popish doctrine must be taught in all scoles and universities, and reign, and rule in all preachings and pulpyts sit in all spiritual courts, sessions, yea and even in the consciences of men. For in very deed, this is it for him to live and to speak, when with public authority not only is he thus preached & taught, but also according to the same, his life must be esteemed, he judged in i● gementes and stand in his kingdom. And here it appeareth wherefore he calleth this beast the dough●ll of false teachers, that is to say, to be a certain filthy vicious kingdom. For it is plainly no little kingdom that they obtain in the church, even so farm fast and terrible that even that same former imperial beast, Emperor as he was and is, must be compelled to fear them and to fall down and kiss the cloven stinking feet of their head the Pope. And therefore no man is created Doctor of divinity or of the canon law in the Popedom, except before among all other things, he be also swor ne plainly into these words. I shallbe an helper to defeude to maintain & to retey ne the Popedom of Rome against all men. Which thing whiles they do it, they verily stablish and confirm all this latter beasts power before her at her be● and pleasure, as is tofore said. joan. And he shall bring it diligently into effect, that whosoever will not worship and fall down before the image of this beast, he shallbe slain. Osi. Who so believe not this popish doctrine to be equal, yea and above GOD'S word, and so worship him, and it, he is judged and condemned for an hereiyque of the inquisitors, and if he recant not, he is burned. For the Pope dare say, all his constitutions so highly to be taken as though they should proceed by the voice of God, out of S. Peter's mouth. Character is the Popis bronde unable tobeskra bed of but by disgreasing. Distin. nineteen. Cham Sic. joan. And he maketh all both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond to take his charactere, in their right haudes or in their foreheadis, and no man to may buy or sell, except he hath his character or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. And here is wisdom. He that hath understanding, let him reckon and account the number of this beast. For it is the tale and number of a man and his number is. CCCCCC. lxvi. Osiander. To receive the Character or mark of the beast, is a metaphoryk and translated speech, as much to say, as a man outwardly in all fashions & factis so to be have and conform and fashion him self, that all may see and understand, him to pertain to the beasts family or church, and to be subject and sworn to the beast, as have all these serving men in courts their Lords or master's badge or coginzane in or upon their coats. The character or mark of the beast, and her number, and her name be taken all for one thing. And he commandeth them that understand the words hither to spoken to reckon & account the number of the name of the beast, so that if they can find justly in her name the number of CCCCCC. lxvi. then be they sewer to have the very knowledge of this beast, and to see her in her own colours sitting like the whore of Babylon, even in her seat at Rome. joan. showeth himself to have respect to the Hebrew and greek tongue, as in other places in the name of the angel called Abaddon, and in the name of the place called Ha●ageddon. For Sepher in Hebrew signifieth a book or scripture or a number, wherefore he alludeth so diversly in the word, now calling it the name of the beast, now the number of the beast, now the mark of the beast, and character of the beast, that is the scripture of the beast. I admonished thee (o Reader) before in Daniel to consider diligently the number of the Hebrew name of the fourth beast. For all the letters of the Hebrews design certain numbers, as do our Latyn letters M. D. V C. X. L. signify our numbers as M. a thousand C. an hundred etc. But with the Hebrews every writing or scri pture, & every word is a certain number. Now sith this beast by her common name in the Hebrew tongue is called the Rhomane kingdom, & this name kingdom be common to her with other beasts, it is manifest the very true and proper name of this beast to be Rhomanum imperium, where thou seest how diligent this author was in his speech to hide her name under these letters lest men should then have espied him to have spoken of Rome or she had been revealed by her own factis, no where openly naming Rome because he would not at first exasperate her, till now hi● wickedness be full ripe, and she hath uttered herself declaring her last deadly wound in resisting Gods holy Gospel. He calleth this name of the beast the number of a man, either because it is a known name, which all men commonly use, or else because of a man (which was Rh●mulus) the city had her first name. The greek letters, wherewith this number▪ cccccc. lxvi. is written, make also this word, Latino's, which name also Virgil giveth to Rhome. But the Hebrew letters make, Rhomah, which signisyeth a proud beast. The mark therefore of this name, they are said to receive in their fore headis, which in all their outward superstitious proud habits and gesture and anon in their first fro●te (as they say) they show it, even in their first proud solemn countenance and high lookis and crowns declare they themselves to be sworn subjects & servants to the romish beast, as do these hoo ded friars and monks, and shorn polled priests and bishops. And in their right hands they bear his mark, which by some certain popish works of his commandments, rites, and institutions testify themselves to be obedient to the Pope, as in certain days not to eat flesh, to confess in lent into the priests ears, to miss and momble up a payer of matins not understanden etc. For unto such an outward kind & show of obedience are they conitrayned anon fro their youth. For they that have not such a mark, nor will not receive it, they be taken as haithen miscreants. But if they contempt ne it, then be they accursed and excluded out of all men's company. And if the common people would not estiewe them, then the Pope interdicteth their churches, no divine service there to be said ne song. And so in deed might they nether buy nor sell which had not this Romith beasts brand. Also that we may somewhat understand of the last end & destruction of this abominable beast, I shall yet bring forth a few more words of the Angel interpreting this vision, saying. The x. horns which thou sawest are. x. Kings, these shall fight with the lomb, that is, they shall persecute the true doctrine, partly of ignorance, seducte of the Pope, and partly for his money and ayed to do him pleasures, whom they covet greatly to please (as now of late doth Themperor.) But the lamb shall overcome them. For he is the Lord of Lords, and King of Kings. And the called and chosen faithful, which be with him, shall fight against this beast. For Christ shall not fight, but with we now must fight with the weapon of God's word. such instruments, not with sword fie thing, but with the word of God, and with just arguments taken out of the scriptures, especially now in this our time wherein after the xxx iubiley of the church Christ beginneth again to preach, as we said in the third conjecture, And the Kings by little and little shallbe overcomen, as even now be many rulers and Kings overcomen, and with the most laud and praise have they given place to the troth now known. So that there is very good hope the rest also to give place to the most evident truth, if we now strongly fight with prayers. Whereof at last it shall follow, that they shall hate this whore even the court of Rome for her abominations and seductions & Apo xvij shall make her desolate and naked & eat up her flesh, that is her riches and rob her of all her possessions and substance, and burn up her city as it was once before burned. For God (saith the Angel) hath given it into their hearts so to do his pleasure, and to do the same will, that they should give their kingdom to the beast till the words of god be ended. And here (oh reader) I would thou shouldest diligently way the words of the Angel, as they be most worthy to be noted. For where before he spoke of the ten Kings, then to have one counsel and sentence, to deliver their strength & apo. xvij power to the beast, he saith it not to be the counsel and sentence of God, but here where he saith them to rob the whore and to burn her up with fire, he saith, that this thing god did give it into their hearts to do the mind & sentence of him. For in that they in times past extolled the pope, they did it by their own proper pri vate counsel & pleasure. But where they a little after, shall spoil and burn her, that shall they do by the counsel and pleasure of God. Both of them yet notwithstanding, that is to weit, that they in time passed extolled her, and that they shall rob her, flowed forth of the hid judgement of God. For the first, that is, that they exalted reverenced & magnified the Pope, & gave him their authority strength & power, they did it verily by the private counsel of God, which yet tended to this end, that the words of God should be fulfilled, which the holy ghost spoke before by the mouth of Paul the Apostle, even thus. Because many shall not receive the love of the truth, that thereby they might be saved, therefore shall God send them men, teaching errors and working false mi racles, that they believe lies and be condemned all that believe not the truth, but consent to wickedness. Also last of all that they shall rob and spoil the Pope and burn up the city. This shall they not do till God put it into their hearts by his word and so illumine them, that they shall understand and know themselves rightly and in dew order to do it, and to fulfil the will of God in utterly subver ting & overthrowing the popedom. Wherefore it is like, that the Turk shall not be the instrument to destroy the popedom, as some men think. For one devil shall But yet did goddestroye thee▪ wicked jews with other wicked kings and emperors not cast out an other, nether any that is not of the number of those x Kings shall go against the Pope, to destroy him with battle. For it is given him to overcome the holy faithful until the words of God be fulfyllled, which be now this day almost fulfilled all. But yet is there this one thing, which principally pertaineth to the shame, ignominy, misery, and confusion of the abominable popedom. That even by the same emperors & Kings, by whom it was stablished & in whom he most trusted, & whom he most dignified & magnified with his flattering & lying titles to be his defenders of his faith, his first begotten sons, most catholic Kings, most christian Kings, etc. By that same Kings shall he at last be plukt up by the rotis, & that with the most high joy of all the holy faithful saints, which for the same fall shall brekeforth into this laud & praise before God, and Apo. nineteen. sing. health, honour, glory, & power be to the Lord our God, for true and just are his judgements done upon the great whore, which hath corrupted and polluted the earth with her unshanfaced whoredom, and hath avenged the blood of his servants delivered out of her hands. These words out of joan be suf Cap. ij. fycient. Now let us also hear Paul writing to the Thessalonians thus. Paul. we pray you (brethren, for the coming of our Lord jesus Christ, and of our gathering together into him, that ye be not soon carried away of your own opinion, neither be ye troubled by spirit nor by pistle as it went forth by us, as though the day of Christ were now at hand, let noman deceive you in any wise. For the Lord shall not come to the last judgement, except there come before a departing or a falling away. Osi. By which the provinces shall fall away from the Roma ne impery, and Roman kingdom be fallen and destroyed. Paul. And the man of sin and son of perdition be uttered & revealed. Osi. That is the pope of Rome. Paul. Which is against God & is extolled & lifted up above the most high God, & above whatsoever is worshipped as god, so that even in the temple of God. Osi. That is in the church (as it is said) the temple of God is holy which temple be you. Paul. he will sit. Osian. That is he will occupy the chair seat, pulpit, place or office to teach and rule all men. Paul. Ostenting himself and boasting him as he were God. Osi. For his doctors of his canon law affirm the pope not to be a pure man, but to be taken up of God into the fullness of power. Paul. Remember ye not that when I was yet with you, I told ye these things? Osi. Even the same that the Apoca. hath written. Paul. And now what yet letteth ye to know it that he be not revealed till in his time? For even now he worketh his secret misty mischief. Osian. For the bishops of Rhome with their carnal clerks, bishops & cardinals (for very few of them were good) even then fro the time of the Apostles aspired privily unto the domination and lordship whereby by succession of time they have oppressed the hole universal church. Read the Epistle of Zepherin and of Pontiane and such like annexed to the books of the recognitions of Clement, and thou shalt see how early and speedily by what craft and subtlety they began to work this their secret misty mysteries. But yet then dyrst they not openly brekeforth, and in very deed challenge to themselves the domination so long as the monarchy of the Caesar's flourished at Rome. Paul Only so that he that now holdeth, let him hold fast, ty● he be taken out of the seat. Osi. The monarchy of the Caesar's and Emperors which rule over all (saith he) let them stand & hold fast their kingdom till the Empire be translated fro Rome to Constantinople, or until the former domination of the city of Rome be devolved into the Popis pri macie, which was, when they feigned themselves to have had such a rich gift of Peter's patrimony by the legacy of Constantyne Themperor. Paul. And then Which was about the year of rom. M. ccvij. in the year of Christ cccclvi. shall that wicked Antichrist be disclosed. Osi. And even then did the aight head, the Pope, steke forth his horns & put out his head as it is to fore said in the Apocal. Paul. Whom the Lord shall slay with the breath of his mouth. Osi. That is with the power of his word, which after the thirty. iubilei of the church, openly again and with a mighty spirit Shallbe preached▪ Paul. And he shall destroy him with the brightness of his co ming. Osi. For as the grey morning cometh before the son, even so shall the sprirer preaching of the pure Gospel come before the coming of our Lord jesus Christ the sun of righteousness. For Math. xxiv. Christ said. This Gospel of my kingdom (that Christ is our King and not that Pope) shallbe preached in the universal world into a testimony for all nations, and then shall the end come. For this clear preaching of the Gospel shall destroy the domination of the Pope, as thirty. year ago. it hath now begun. So be it. For his domination shall not dure unto Christ's coming, or else how should it be fulfilled, apo. xvij that at joan, saith of the x. Kings that they shall leave this beast desolate & naked, her flesh eaten up, and at last burn here up, God so putting it into their hearts? Pau. Whose coming is with the work of Satan in great power with lying signs and feigned miracles & with a mighty deceit with wicked strong illusions to them that be forlorn. Osi. This is the most holy sanctity, of our most holy prelate the Pope, Pau. And for that they have not received the love of the troth thereby to be saved, therefore shall god send them the operation of error to believe lies▪ that they all be dampened that have not believed the trowth but have consented to wickedness. These things hath Paul prophesied of the last domination and fall of Rome and of her popedom. Wherefore ye people of Christ get ye out speedily far from her, lest ye be partakers of her wickedness & be plagued also with the beast and her unclean clergy, as the angel crieth in the Apoca. unto us. And as for the Emperor of Ca▪ xviij Rome, albeit he be yet so called, yet posse death he not Rome, neither dare he once look thitherward without the popis con sent, which is so come to pass by the extreme wickedness and execrable subtlety of the serpent and his vicar the pope of Rome, for this same cause that if any man should be so bold as to once open his mouth to lay any of these oracles & prophecies against the execrable wickedness & intolerable Romish domination over our faith, he should apere to object it against the emperor's majesty, because he beareth still the name of the domination of Rome, and is no lord thereof. But the thing itself declareth clearly the evident difference enough betwixt the emperors domination over Rome, and the Popis, albeit they be both said to be, the one of Rome Emperor, & the t'other of Rome the Pope. So that there is no peril in calling the Emperor or the Pone of Rome Antichrist, as their confederation and conjuration this day ay●●st the Lord and his word declare them. But let us at last return to our coniectu re. sith it is given to the beast, now again putting up her head to exercise and execute her tyranny. xlij. Roman months which stand upon thirty. days, that is to weit, days m. cc. lx. and the thing compelleth us to take them for Angels In Daniel M. cc. x●. days, that is, for m. cc. lx. of our common years, it can not be doubted but that, these years once fulfilled, the end of the world is anon at hand. But the doubt is, where we shall begin these years. Some there be that think them to begin anon from the time of the Emperor Constantyne the great, because of the gift that is feigned to have had been given to Pope Sylvester, and because of the translation of the seat imperial to Constantinople, for that Paul Constantine's gift was Rome & half the empire. saith. He that holdeth must be taken away and then that man of sin shallbe revealed (& truly, fro that time wherein they feign themselves to have had that rich gift of Constantyne, and they endoted & enriched with the best part of the Empire, even with hole Rome, Italy and half the Empire (as they say) there was a voice heard in the air. That now is the most The words of the translator & his conjecture. pestilent poison entered into the church of Rhome) From that day (I say) if the number be told (which I would gladly it should there begin) then is the Popedom at an end within these xxxin. yea res, or after Daniel within lxiij. years. For than should the end of the world fall about the year of our Lord. m. ccccc. lxxvij. or after Daniel, m. cccccc. seven. as it appeared dani. xij. to me by turning the days into we●is when I gathered my exposition upon Daniel, as ye may there read my coniectu re. But by what fraud else soever, the beast then got her emperyal possessions & prin cely riches, it seemeth not true to me (saith Osiander, that Constantyne gave it them) for even the style only of the instrument made of the same devotion gift or legacy, proveth it plainly to be a stark lie, & of all lies, that ever were made under heaven, the most shameless, as the most well learned man Laurence Valla, and Nicholaus de Cusa, & also Jerome Gatlatanus, and other most grave writers, now & sense, have most clearly showed & proved it. Wherefore albeit Constantine made a beginning to take away the former domi nation, which letted the moving of the riches to the popedom, yet because the beast had not then as yet, been utterly destroyed, she might not be said properly to put forth her horns, or to lift up her head again, except she had first have ben utter lie subverted & overwhelmed as it were with waters. And therefore we shall justly begin to reckon fro the year, in the which after the translation of the empire, Rome was taken, spoiled, & brent of the Goths brought thither of their Captain Alaricho. For this is the very just end of the former domination after Daniel. And this was done in the year of the city about m. c. lxiiij. & in that year of Christ about CCCC. xij. put now together the years of Christ. cccc. xij. and the years of the Pope. M. cc. lx. and thou hast the just number of M. CCCCCC. lxxij. And when we shall write and tell so many years from Christ, then is the fatale end of the Pope & of When we shall write m. cccccc. & lxxij. then look for an end of all. the city of Rome present at hand (if it rather be not so) as I have conjectured it about. thirty. years to come. And this conjecture maketh me, that I think the yea res fro the celestial Adam unto the fyerve flood in the second conjecture, and the jubilee years of the church in the third conjecture must not be reckoned fro the birth of our Lord but from his resurrection. For before that time he bore the form of a servant, as himself said to not have ben comen to be served but to serve. From his resurrection therefore he began justly to possede his kingdom, when he said. All power is given me in heaven and earth. For so shall it come to pass, that the end of both the Pope and of Rome, and of the world shall fall into the year of our Lord, about m. cccccc. lxxxviij. Whiles the fall of the Pope is like to come in the year of Christ, about m. cccccc. lxxij. So that the Popedom slain & extinct, yet shall there remain, as it were▪ xvi. yeris in which men (the adversary of Christ and antichrist Mcccccs' lxxxviij. Mccccc. xlviij. taken away, and the gospel freely preached) they shall begin again to live in a wealy securytye and in almaner voluptuose lusts as they were wont to do. And when they shall say, peace and security C. xl. , then shall the sudden destruction come Mcccccc lxxij. over them as the pangs of a woman traveling of child, and they shall not avoid it. Wherefore let us awake & watch M. cccc● xliij. and be sober lest this day take us as a thief in the night. These things have I C. xxun. xvi. setforth of the conjectures of the last times and end of the world. For there be yet many other things which I will C. xi. not open nor communicate to the multitude. But as for these things what credit there ought to be given to them, I leave it to be esteemed of the spiritual & church of Christ which can judge all things, themselves judged of noman. Coviecturs are they, I knowledge and conferee it, and no oracles. Not withstanding yet, unless I be beguiled, they shall not litely beguile ne deceive any Christian reader. Come down Lord jesus unto judgement and deliver they persecuted little silly flock. So be it. Another coniectur added of the translator. When the city of Rome was old M xxxvij. about the year of Christ. cclxxxvij. when Dioclesane th'emperor began to reign: there were such dissencious sectis heresies & false doctrine in the church of Rome, as of the Manicheis Pelagians Arrius etc. as had not been herd of before the popis then being Felix, or rather In felix. Euticianus an heretic, Caius, not good. By whose contentious schisms and sectis and their so greedy ambition (for even then began they to beg and steal from the emperor's part of their most pleasant cities and richest possessions and lands, and to set th'emperors and Kings together by the earis.) Dioclesiane was so grievously offended, that he abhorred them and their false religion and persecuted it, which they called the christian religion (as they do now the popis faith) when it was nothing like Christ and his gospel, but rather Satan's Kingdom and worse than the heathen. Here began the popis of Rome todeclare themselves very antichristis, & the beast was revealed even unto the very heathen emperors. For here began the Roman empire by the wickedness and fraudelent study of the popis to be divided, as the French men from the Alemans'. There was then such tumult inquietness & battle stired up by the spirituality, that Dioclesiane was compelled to give over the empire and lived sole a private person many yeris, and at last for sorrow slew himself, such good ghostly fathers had th'emperors of the popis in those days. Here, I say, was the revelation of that beast begun whereof Paul. ij. Thessa. ij. speaketh. And the emperors that then held the empire bysuc session had waruing long before to hold fast the empire. For even then was the first domination in falling and in translating to Constantinople. Fro this time therefore (I conjecture) If ye reckon Danielis days which be. Mccxc. yeris, Dan. xij and the angels days, so cometh the end in the. Mcccccxcvij. year of Christ But and if ye reckon joans, xlij. months from thence in the angels days, we shall come but to the year of our Lord after joans reckoning. Mccccclxxvij. or. Mccccclxvij, even thirty years less. For Daniel appeareth to have thirty years more than joh. which may chance for that we reckon in Daniel from Christ's birth & in joan, from his resurrection. Wherefore me thinketh it should be at an end within these. xxxvij. years or with in. lxxvij. if we reckon fro the resurrection of Christ, to whom be glory honour praise and thanks for ever. So be it. Mcccccxlu. Translated by George joy wherein many things be added out of the said George his conjectures and now at last printed in the year. M. D. XCviij. ¶ Math. xxv. A wake and watch for ye know not the day nor yet the hour when the son of man shall come. ☞ The faults escaped in the printing. In B. y● le●f iiij second side. Read. vi. hundred in the margin. And in the twenty li ne, in clouts. In the aight leif of B. i xiv. line read brief. In C. the second lef and first line of the second side read beast for least. In the same and third line read beheld for lehold. In the. xv. line read overcame, read in the seven. lef of. C. in the mar gen in the first side. ccc. xij. or. ccc. nineteen. years▪ and in the aight lef and first line of the first side, read is obtained, and in the same side and last line save one read, of the se iiij bestis. In D. the third left in the xi. line read M. lxxxiij. & in the. xiv. line M. ccccccc. lxxij. and in the first lef the last line save v. read. M. lxx. In the fift lef, in that margin read. iij. Angels years & an half In the. seven. lef and last line save. iiij. read assureth us. In the aight lef, second side, eleven line read, every one in his place. In the third lef first side and nineteen line tead the dragon is satan▪ and in the aight line of the second side, read, as say the Italians. These shall ye find in the ap against the great Conduit at the sign of the fox vubownde.