AN APPROVED TREATISE OF Hawks and Hawking. Divided into three Books. 

The first teacheth, How to make a short-winged hawk good, with good conditions.  
The second, How to reclaim a Hawk from any ill condition.  
The third, teacheth Cures for all known griefs and diseases.    
By EDMUND BERT, Gentleman.  
LONDON, Printed by T. S. for Richard Moor, and are to be sold at his shop in S. Dunstan's Churchyard. 1619.   

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY, Earl of Oxenford, Viscount Bulbecke, Lord Sanford and Scales, and Lord Great-Chamberlaine of ENGLAND.  
MY Honourable Lord, I never affected flattery, if I had I should now have been much disappointed; for your noble worth exceeds what I can say. To particularise your honourable Titles, or here to blazon your excellencies were needless, and shall rather be printed in my faithful heart, then published by my ruder pen; especially upon the dedication of so slight a subject. Sir, I have long waited for opportunity, & this great while whipped occasion on, whereby I might tender some open testimony of my love, before I die, which may remain as a perpetual memorial of my ever-devoted service. To that end (my Lord) I have run back into my younger years, to summon the delights of my able youth, together with the fruits of my more experienced age, (comprised within a few leaves) to attend your Lordship's leisure, and humbly to crave your Honour's patronage. To arrogate to myself by an immoderate commendation of the Work, were poor: to derogate too much from it through modesty, were as silly: Therefore (not to be excessive in the one, nor too liberal in the other) I would (with your honourable favour) do you thus much to understand: As for the subject it is not weighty (being but a Treatise of sport) and to attend and to give place to your Lordship's honourable affairs, and more serious employments; but as for the handling of the Subject (I dare, and will boldly say and aver) it is good: Nay, I will submit myself to partial censurers upon due trial, and bazard my reputation upon true judgement. My Lord, I frame not my wavering surmises upon probabilities of sic dicunt; but I ground my constant opinion upon certainty of probatum est: Nor can I quote any Author but myself; and out of my own industrious experiments I (first) extracted my own conclusions: I reap no man's harvest, but plough with my own Heifer. In fine, I here dedicated to your Lordship the delights of my Childhood, the pleasures of my youth, the experiments of my age, my faithful (though painful) labours, my fruitful (though slight) endeavours, myself, my continual service and observance to your truely-noble Self, humbly requesting your Honour not to be ashamed to Patronize that which your servant is not afraid to present: And that shall crown my poor endeavours, and give my labours an eternal sufficit; and make me ever rest  
Your Lordships humbly devoted, EDMUND BERT.   

To the friendly Reader.  
FRiendly Reader, I did never purpose to publish in common these my labours, but to have given them privately to whom they are dedicated, and to whom I stand devoted: but being discovered to some of my friends, and by them made known to many of the rest, there importunities and earnest persuasions have made me put it to the press, whereby I shall be sensured of such as have lest judgement, but let it answer for itself; I have not set down any thing so erroneous, but being well examined, it will prove judicious: and although this subject hath already been dealt withal, and well handled by a Gentleman of good experience, whose good and probable discourse might be a means to hinder my proceeding herewith, yet a great many gentlemen to whom the goodness of my hawks have been known to be such as that they could not be bettered, do strongly enforce it, that my Skill, Art & knowledge must be in the same degree: In truth I have not kept any hawk above three years, but I have put them off for much money, besides many thanks, and much love. I had for a Goshawk and a Tarsell a hundeed Marks, both sold to one man within sixteen months. I know there are many of good experience will overlook this my book, and some that are young professors, and some that would learn to profess, but whatsoever he be that undertaketh this profession, I will wish him an able body, a quick spirit, and most of all, an earnest love and delight thereunto; to such a man a hawk will quickly teach knowledge, but of him that wanteth wit she will make a fool, and of a dull-spirit a true packhorse: If these good properties shall be wanting in a man, he is hardly to be made a good Austringer, and it will be hard for him to make a good hawk. I would I were able to deliver plainly what I understand, I will set down as familiarly as I can, the best instructions I am able, but knowledge and understanding, loving practitioner must be gotten by thy diligent and careful observing thy hawk, in her sundry passions and sudden toys, such vigelance, such diligence, and such carefulness will work such an apprehension in thee, as in a little time thy knowledge and understanding will bring forth such effect, as that thou wilt be able to prevent all her ill intendments. I cannot set down what thy experience will teach thee; but I rest to give thee fullersatisfaction, by conference, than I have herein or can possibly publish: Farewell.  
From my house at Collier-Row, near Rumford Thine to his power. EDMUND BERT.   

THE CONTENTS OF the several Chapters of this BOOK.  

The first part, teacheth how to make a short-winged hawk good, etc.  
CHAP. I. THe Authors opinion of the Goshawk and Tarsell, and of their defference; which he writeth to them that are of small practice, and would have their labours put to the best profit.  
II. Wherein the Tarsell differeth from the Goshawk.  
III. Of the several kinds of the goshawks and Tarsels, viz. the Haggart, the Rammish, and the Eyes Hawk; (I will distinguish no further) and of their differing dispositions: And first of the Haggart.  
IV. The description of the Rammish Hawk.  
V. The description of the Eyas, upon whom I can fasten no affection, for the multitude of their follies and faults.  
VI A pre-admonition to the Reader.  
VII. The manner how I have used the Rammish-sore- Goshawk, after I have taken her from the Cage unto my fist, until she hath been flying.   

The Contents of the second Book. Wherein is set down, how to reclaim a Hawk from any ill condition.  
CHAP. I. HOw to make a Hawk hood well that will not abide the sight thereof, and (how disorderly soever she be) it shall be effected in forty eight hours, with less than forty bats.  
II. How to bring a Hawk that will roil, and seek for Poultry at a house, to good perfection: And how to win her love, in whom an ill keeper hath wrought such carelessness.  
III. How to reclaim a Hawk that will carry, and not suffer her keeper to come unto her.  
IV. To reclaim a Hawk that will carry a Partridge into a Tree.  
V. How to use that Hawk, that assoon as she hath a Partridge will break it, and gorge herself upon it.  
VI How to use a Hawk that will carry a Partridge into a Tree, and will not be driven to the ground, but will there assuredly eat it: And (it may be) not be taken up until the next night.  
VII. How to reclaim a Hawk that will neither abide horsemen, strangers, Carts, or Women, or such like.  
VIII. How to use a Hawk that will sit upon the ground at mark, and by missing many flights, beat out herself from her true stying.  
IX. That the Tarsell is more prone to these ill conditions than the Hawk, and how to reclaim him that will seek for a Dove-house.   

The Contents of the Third Book. Wherein is set down, Cures for all known diseases.  
CHAP. I. FIrst, for the beak, mouth eyes, head and throat, and of the several griefs and diseases there breeding, and offending.  
II. A medicine for a wet Canker in the mouth or beak, which will eat into her eyes and brain; and (unless it be killed) will kill her; and this is more common with the long-winged than short-winged hawk.  
III. A medicine for the Frounce, whereunto the long-winged hawk is much more subject than the short.  
IV. A remedy for the kernels, whereunto the long-winged hawk is not subject, but it much followeth the short winged Hawk.  
V. There is a disease in the head, of some called Vertego, a swimming of the brain, and the cure followeth.  
VI The Pin in the throat, of all other the most desperate and uncurable disease: I have not known a long-winged Hawk troubled therewith, but to a shortwinged Hawk it brings death.  
VII. An excellent medicine for a blow or lash in the eye.  
VIII. An excellent water for a hot rheum that runneth out of the eye, the heat whereof scaldeth all the feathers from that part under the eye, and maketh it bare.  
IX. For a Snurt, or cold in the head of the Hawk, or the Rye.  
X. For the Mites, wherewith I have known many Hawks that have not only been troubled about the beak, but the very jeukes have been left without feathers, and eaten the very skin off.  
XI. A receipt beyond all other, to take out lime from the feathers of a Hawk.  
XII. A powder to be given to a Hawk that bloweth, and is shortwinded.  
XIII. A medicine for the Worms, wherewith all Hawks are troubled, and other Creatures also.  
XIV. A receipt for a Hawk that hath lost her courage, and joyeth not.  
XV. To distill a water wherewith to strengthen a weak Hawk.  
XVI. To distill a water, whose property is to kill any unnatural heat in the mouth or body; a great cleanser and increaser of the breath; and the best that ever was for the Liver that is hot, and nothing better for a field hawk that flieth in Summer.  
XVII. An excellent approved medicine for a dangerous bruise, to be given presently after the hurt.  
XVIII. A medicine for a Hawk that hath received a wound by some ill accident.  
XIX. A medicine for the Cray.  
XX. A receipt for a strain or bruise in the foot.   
FINIS.   

AN APPROVED TREATISE OF Hawks and Hawking.  

CHAP. I.  
The Author's opinion of the Goshawk and Tarsell, and of their difference; all which he writeth unto them that are of small practice, and to them that would have their labours put to the best profit.  
THe Goshawk is most able to endure much, and is more profitable than the Tarsell, not only with bringing home many quarries, but with bringing diversity and variety of quarries: Her disposition is meek and gentle, if she be mildly dealt with, and not so apt to ill conditions as is the Tarsell, she is subject to seek for poultry, into which fault she will never fall, except it be through want of knowledge in her keeper; which fault to prevent, as also how to reclaim a Hawk from that evil condition, or any other, I will hereafter give most plain and true instruction in his proper place.   

CHAP. II.  
Wherein the Tarsell differeth from the Goshawk.  
EXcept it be for his practice, I would not advise him that cannot rightly effect all things in a Goshawk, to meddle with the Tarsell, for he is apt to ill conditions, which every good Austringer (if he will) is able to prevent: He will take dislike at many things, or at any thing; he is apt to roil, and sometimes may find poultry that is fit for his turn; and if he once take a liking, and stand well affected that way, there is none unfit for him: He will quickly know a Dove-house, and too soon learn to find the way into it, and then he hath wit enough to please himself; but these faults and many more follow such Hawks as are not well handled, but are harshly and unkindly dealt with in their first manning: He is lightheaded and nimble winged, the quick handling of them in his flying pleaseth more than the Goshawk, and therein the Spar-hawke exceedeth the Tarsell, and the Marlin therein exceedeth both Goshawk, Tarsell & Spar-hawke. They may fitly be compared unto a 
A comparison.  large Gelding, and a smaller, the first having a large and long stroke goeth faster than he seemeth, the other 
In either kind this holdeth not generally.  that gathereth short and thick seemeth to go much faster than he doth; the larger shall enforce the lesser to strike thrice for the ground that he will almost at twice perform; my opinion is, he that riddeth most ground, with most ease, shall longest endure. judge yourself the difference between the Goshawk, Tarsell, and Spar-hawke.   

CHAP. III.  
Of goshawks there are three several kinds, and so of Tarsels, the Haggart Hawk, the Ramish, and the Eyas, much differing from the rest.  
I Only write now the differing dispositions of these Hawks, of their several properties, and the inconveniences that followeth them in particular: and first of the Haggart in general. She hath lived long at liberty, having many things at her command, and she is therefore the harder to be brought to subjection and obedience: In her first manning she is apt to take every accidental occasion that giveth offence to come from her keeper; 
A comparison.  As a young horse in his first riding, if he shall bog or be afraid of something, if his rider shall then spur him upon it, the horse may thus think that the thing whereon now in fear all his thoughts are placed, is the true mover of the spurs that torment him; so the Haggart tied to her Master's fist, that bateth, and then findeth her restraint, the object taken away, she will stare her keeper in the face, and think all the offence came from him, to whose fist she was tied, otherwise she had been at liberty, and so could have freed herself from whatsoever feared her. But let me speak this now more 
A caveat.  than I purposed, lest hereafter in his proper place I may forget to give that caveat, if thy Haggart be so angry as that she stare thee in the face upon any such accidental occasion, or sudden thought of her present bondage, own it not, see it not, and by all means possible carry thine eye from looking upon her, for that will work her more dislike towards thee; which if you observe, you shall the sooner find her pacified. She seldom meweth timely or orderly; and although some can say that 
A great inconvenience.  they have had a Haggart Goshawk mewed well and fair, fit to draw at Bartholomew; I answer, one Swallow maketh not a Summer.  
When the Haggart is flying, nature is altered, and therefore I must not here speak of her good or bad properties at that time, for they are wrought in her through the good or bad discretion of her keeper, when she was in making, or after she was made, as her keeper thought. I will leave those to their proper place, only I say & so conclude, that your Haggart is very loving and kind to her keeper, after that he hath brought her, by his sweet and kind familiarity, to understand him; but if she fall into any vice, she is most hardly reclaimed from it, and brought to good perfection again; if it shall be hoped for, it shall soon be gotten and performed, by exchanging her keeper, if his skill may equal her former keeper.   

CHAP. IU.  
The description of the Rammish Hawk.  
THere is small difference between the Haggart and the Rammish, only the Rammish Hawk hath had less time (by preying for herself then the other) to know her own strength and worth, but in manning and making her I will set down my whole practice, with my friendly advise to others that will enter into the same course, for in the Rammish Hawk is my especial delight, for in them my labours have proved most successful.   

CHAP. V.  
Of the Eyas Hawk, upon whom I can fasten no affection, for the multitude of her follies and faults.  
I Feel it most burdensome to spend my time idly; I think the difference little, either to be idle, or spend the time to no purpose, or be long of doing a little, and such effect his travel will give him for reward that meddleth with an Eyas, except a long expectation of good will give him satisfaction; For they are so foolish as the first year they will hardly be taught to take a bough well, and if that cannot be effected, there can no prosperous success be expected. I have known some that have not proved very excellent the second year in taking a bough, and then it is a foul fault, to do nothing the first year, and not very much the second; for I have seen divers entermewers hang 
I will not affirm that all will prove thus.  with their head downward, holding a bough fast in her foot or feet. I have known some of them likewise that would sooner catch a dog in the field then a Partridge, and although she had flown a Partridge very well to mark, and sat well, yet so soon as a dog had but come in to the retrove, she would have had him by the face. One other as ill a fault as this, if she fly well, yet it is odds you 
Neither is this generally to be understood.  shall find her sitting upon the ground at mark, when although you keep your dogs quietly behind you, and though you use some course to terrify her, or take her between your hands and 
You shall find hereafter a remedy for this.  throw her up, you may perhaps find her folly give her leave to fall again upon the ground within twelve or twenty yards of you; fear the worst, the best will help itself, it may be she will not go to a tree at all, (this is grievous.) Neither will most of them like the hood well, and many of them will cry as loud to you, as you will speak to them. Neither can I hope to buy a sound Hawk of them from the Cage, who knoweth not that they are hot and scratching upon the quarry: Art will easily amend that fault, which I will not fail 
Easy to be amended.  to deliver in his place. But this I say, if a man have the patience to endure their impatience, and attend a long time for their good proof, if at the last she shall prove well, she may be ranked among the best in the highest degree: She will ever mewe orderly and timely, and except some evil accident shorten her days, she will live longer than any of the rest, she is not apt to be sick, or surfeit so soon as the other, yet if a sickness should befall her, she will outgrow it with less danger than the other. In this discourse I have altogether spoken of the Eyas-Hawke, but the Tarsell is not so unapt to take a bough, neither is he apt to catch dogs, if he prove well: there can no attribute be given to the Rammish Tarsell (but all qualities examined) he shall own as good, or better. And thus much as concerning my opinion of the Eyas hawk.   

CHAP. VI  
To the friendly Reader.  
FRiendly Reader, before I begin to treat of the Rammish Hawk, and to set down the courses whereby I have made so many and so extraordinary good Hawks, as they could not be bettered both for flying and good conditions, I must tell you, and so far explain myself, that I do not therein so much arrogate to myself, as to think my courses are not to be equalled, but they may be bettered, even by men that live in obscurity, but for what I write, is my opinion; from which (although it shall move others but little) I cannot be drawn, because I have had thereby so good, so prosperous, and so profitable success: Some may contrary my opinion, who can for themselves say but as I do, that their opinion is such; if I cannot set down sufficient reasons for my proceedings, my Hawks shall testify for me, it hath long lain by me, and that I have not been forward to publish this but in a Manu-script, is very well known to many of my friends, Gentlemen that have come to visit and comfort me in the time of my sickness (which hath continued with me for the most part these three years, in all which time I have made but only one Hawk, but divers have been brought unto me to be cured of divers diseases, and some to be reclaimed from ill conditions) and by these Gentlemen I have been over-powred (desiring that my knowledge might not be buried with me) to thrust out my labours to public view. And although my memory hath escaped some secret, yet I am assured the skilfullest shall find something herein set down, that neither he nor any man hath made use of, either in making his Hawk of good and fair condition, or in reclaiming her, or any other of their kind, from any ill condition. And thus followeth my direct course for the reclaiming, manning, and making of my short-winged Hawk.   

CHAP. VII.  
The manner how I have used the Rammish-sore- Goshawk, after I have taken her from the Cage unto my fist, until she hath been flying.  
I Must speak something of the time wherein usually I make choice to buy my Rammish Hawk, about the latter of Michaelmas term; or if I can learn that there are more Hawks coming before Christmas, I will tarry their coming, for those Hawks do not show themselves out of the great coverts until after Saint james: And to buy one of them in the beginning of Michaelmas term that hath been so long taken, and done so little for herself, I like not, but I will hope for a more late taken Hawk, which when I have, I follow 
How I begin with my Hawk.  in this manner. I continue her upon my fist ten days or a fortnight, (unless in a shorter time I find her a sound Hawk) which I shall the sooner understand, because I see how she putteth over 
This must be especially observed.  her meat, how she doth in due it; and if there be any doubt of her well-doing, there shall hardly a mute escape my sight whosoever doth carry her for me, for she shall be well assured to find no other perch then the fist, from that time I rise until 
Thus you may recover her strength, that in so long a journey is made weak.  I go to bed, when she shall go with me; and if in this time I find it fit, she doth not fail to have casting. I find no time lost in this course, for in this time I will raise my Hawk and give her strength, and she will be the less time after she is unhooded before she doth fly; my castings that 
My manner of castings in the beginning.  I give, are Thrums, gotten of the Weaver, I get them washed, but not with Soap, I cut the threads an inch long or less, and I size them out for a small casting, and give them lose with her meat; or otherwise, I tie upon the thirds two or four small knots, leaving some thirds open at the end of either knot; otherwise I give plumage and some small bones, if the fowl like me, the bones of that part of the wing that is usually broken from the Partridge. Flannel I could never approve of, neither did I ever use the iukes and feathers of a housedove, 
The Feathers of the Housedove not good.  for they (by reason of their own dung they sit in) are hot and strong in savour. I am careful not to make my casting too great; I think there is no man but hath that care if he but undertake to feed a Hawk. When I find my Hawk in strength of body and stomach bettered, I proceed to peppering, (for I will let nothing escape me unset down in the whole practice of my Hawk, until 
For peppering.  I have made her flying) and although peppering be as common with every man as feeding, yet because I have known and heard of many Hawks that have died upon peppering, when I had younger experience, I grew very careful thereof, and I took this course: First, I made my water seeth, and then I put thereto a quantity of pepper, and a less quantity of Staves-acre pounded small; I put in the less of both, because I seeth them in the water, which maketh the water strong: When the water had sod a while, I did strain it through a fine linen cloth, which should suffer neither Pepper nor Staves-acre to go through, and therein I would then wash my Hawk. My reason why I do not allow of, nor use the common course of 
A reason why thus.  peppering, is this; The water not strained through a cloth, the Pepper hangeth in the Hawks feathers, and when she falleth to pruning of herself, she oftentimes getteth it into her beak, and so it hangeth either upon the tongue or in the mouth of the Hawk, and setteth it on fire, the heat and dislike whereof maketh many Hawks to cast 
Especially such as are not perfectly sound.  their gorge, and so their sickness increasing, they die. Besides, I have come many times to some places four or five days, or a week after that they have peppered their Hawks: And I have seen the back part of their wings red so long after their peppering: There may thereupon grow (although not suddenly) an incurable blister, which will lame his Hawk, and her Master shall never know how it cometh; but with the roughness 
An office ill performed.  of the Pepper, and with the ill handling of them that have executed that office, I have many times seen the skin in that place rubbed off. If any man will follow my course he may, if not, let this warn him of the inconveniences that follow the other, many Hawks having died upon peppering, 
Avoid every inconvenience.  my reason can find no other cause than what is aforesaid, or else a great fault in her keeper, that would put his Hawk to such a hazard, 
A fault in her keeper.  before he had made her body able and fit for it. My place of peppering should be in a very warm room, although the fire were not very great I cared not, my time should be in the evening, and for my company I cared not how many both men and dogs, the more the better, for 
The earnestlier she looketh at many things, the less she will fear any.  then the Hawk seeing so many things, that any one of them might give offence alone, there is now so much change, men, dogs, fire-light, and candlelight, that she looketh at all, and knoweth not which to be afraid of. Besides, she hath a desire to dry herself, and so let her continue until she be dry, and hath picked herself, by that time I would think it time to give her some meat, & that should be but a little: she had none above one hour before I began to pepper her; my 
Let her have no meat above when you pepper her.  hood is laid away with no purpose to handle it before four and twenty hours were spent, that night she never went from my fist, but when I entreated my friend to ease me. But note, I seldom did sit still with her, but I would walk, and 
Sat not still in manning your Hawk.  when I walked, or whether I sat still, I would entreat my Hawk not to be idle, but in this manner to walk and travel with me, very often turning my hand gently, forward and backward, 
A good means to man your Hawk.  whereby my Hawk should be made, leisurely, to remove her feet one after another, forward and backward. I had rather she should gently remove a foot, then with anger strike a wing, and the often removing her foot will save her many a bate. It may be your Hawk (good friend) shall want that attendance that mine hath had for a fortnight before, if you fail in the beginning, look for no successful ending, it is very like 
Observe this.  you shall find it at this time, when she will distemper and over-heate herself with bating, which my former courses taken with my Hawk, assureth me that I need fear no such thing. To proceed, I with my Hawk upon my fist walk, and I entreat her to do so likewise, by the gentle removing her feet, which she should practise that night either upon my fist, my friends, or my man's; towards the morning (if the weather 
Lose not the morning.  would give me leave) I walk abroad with some company, both men and dogs: and howsoever the weather was, I would ever be abroad at the break of the day, and so continue so long as I could conveniently. If my Hawk were unquiet, 
All Hawks are then naturally disposed to stir.  it would be about, or rather before, the Sun riseth, it is a time wherein all creatures spirits are quickened: Although my Hawk hath been thus truly watched, yet I should find in her a natural working and stirring, as though she had something to do; then to put her out of that humour, I would have either the wing of a Mallard, Pullet, or such like, to set her a-work, and put-by those thoughts which nature taught her, and teach her to alter nature. All this while I have both company and dogs with me; as I find cause I go into the house, where I and my Hawk walk, she walking upon her feet as well as I upon mine, I would tend her many times with tiring and plumage: And thus either upon my fist or upon some man's else, she should sit and walk all that day, for I think that is the day of marring or making; and this I think that if she should be set down upon a perch but whilst I should change 
Allow her no ease but upon the fist.  my Glove, she would be more impaired thereby then she would profit in ten days travail, being compared to my course herein taken, and which I use, and will take two nights and two days together. I assure you that I have never met with that Hawk that hath showed herself froward, or unruly, no not this first day, neither shall I ever do, if I order her after this manner. Well this day is spent in this manner, evening approacheth, and bid'deth the Hawk take her rest, which I have ever found her very ready and willing unto, & fashion herself to take her up lodging upon my fist, neither owning nor looking for other perch. Now she is conformable unto my will, she is even already become familiar and sociable, 
Already sociable.  and so I will continue her. Now I show her the hood, which my care hath beforehand provided, and made very large, I think somewhat larger than is usual, but much larger at the top of the beak than I ever saw used. My hood made fit and easy, I would offer to put it on, 
Take care to have a very easy hood.  which at that time I could never have my Hawk dislike. Thus I would use her with hooding and unhooding that night; and then would I bethink me whereof my Hawk was likeliest to dislike or be afraid; I would now seek out the Smith's Forge, and there she should endure the blowing of the fire, and knocking of the Anvil, and the sparks flying about the shop. I pray you mark, it is not long since she was begun with, and what I have done to her I have delivered plainly, believe me within this little time, and with this my small pains, I have made my hawk such as she would not be distempered, disorderly, 
Who will not take this course?  froward, or more unruly, but that I have seen flying Hawks much worse. It will be no hard matter to watch her this night, but it will be almost unpossible to keep her waking. I have heard of some that have watched their Hawks seven nights and as many days, and still she would be wild, Rammish, & disorderly. Know (good Reader) that a little sleep will suffice nature in any creature, and when a Hawk is upon the fist, the man spending his time with sitting still, talking, or at Tables, he may be virtuously spending his time in reading the Scripture; in this time his Hawk sits still, she hath no exercise, and there is little difference in this, either to be upon a perch or his fist: he may say, if I should set her upon a perch, whensoever it were in her sight she would bate to go to it; I ask what is the difference between bating to go to the perch, or 
I do not allow that she should be set upon a perch.  bating to fly from all things else? And thus you shall never have her a well-manned Hawk. What are the discommodities that follow a Hawk thus manned? She will endure nothing, because she hath not been made acquainted with any thing; for when her Master or keeper should see her to take offence or dislike, he will avoid that because she shall not bate: Anotherwhile he crieth 
All which I would have my Hawk used unto.  out, come not in the tail of my Hawk; but whosoever shall undertake the course that I have used, he shall find his Hawk seldom apt to take any offence at all. In a man's much sitting still in the time of manning his Hawk, an easy apprehension will find a great error, for when the man sitteth still, the Hawk sitteth still, and if she 
To sit still an oversight.  hath been truly watched, although she doth not wink or shut her eyes, yet her heart may be fast sleeping; or if it be in the day, so long as her keeper sitteth still, she will be quiet, but let him but stir and walk, she liketh not that, she hath sitten quietly upon his fist, and she is very loath to have that custom broken. Every Austringer of any experience knoweth, that a Hawk thus used will thus bate. Why is it so? Not because her eyes meet with that which sitting still she saw not, but because now she meeteth labour, she is angry and discontent, because she is not as she was sitting at ease. A Hawk before she is truly manned (that hath been set & used unto a perch) will perpetually bate to be there. I hold it a great 
He is in an error that setteth down his Hawk hooded before she be well manned.  error to set her hooded, because she should not see whereon she sitteth; for sure I am this fashion will breed more than a little inconvenience, and yet hereby there is no love gained from his Hawk.  
I have observed that it is much walking with my Hawk that hath wrought such good effect in her; for in my walking and turning, her eye 
The Author's observation.  doth still behold change of objects, and the stirring of her feet doth work as much or more good in her, for that maketh her desirous to sit still, and desirous of ease, which bating doth not give, and in the first making saveth her many a bate. As at my first beginning I labour to acquaint her with whatsoever a Hawk may dislike; so my manner of working this, is by that means, which 
The means is most necessary.  otherwise she would dislike, and that is carriage, and in this beginning to make my fist her perch, until she be such as I would have her, which this night and the next day shall make her, for this night is but the second night; and now my chiefest practice is the using her to the hood, which she will as familiarly take as the Falcon. I will show you my manner therein: I show her the hood, put it to and over her head many times, I find her so truly manned, as that she will no more dislike the stroking therewith, than the bare hand, I put it on gently and very leisurely, and I could never meet with any dislike hereof in my Hawk; I would either put it on with my full hand, or else holding it by the tassel, whereby 
Observe this.  you may know that it was lesurely & gently done, which will be a means that she shall never hereafter be coy of it: But if my fine Austringer will show his dexterity and nimbleness of the hand, and with his finger in her neck thrust her head into the hood, if he miss the right doing it, the next time he cometh in such a manner, he may peradventure find her dislike, this is the next way to make her think her head shall be pulled off; for the putting it on in such a quick manner, or thrusting her head into the hood with the finger 
Avoid all such unkindness.  behind, will make the Hawk understand that it is no kindness, but violence and churlish usage, which must never be offered a Hawk, and then you shall perhaps find her dislike your hand and hood coming to her, and so being a little coy or angry, never be content to carry her beak right, but turn it in the hood; and so my fine quick hand bobbeth his Hawk, and maketh her utterly dislike the hood.  
There is no way but gentleness to redeem a 
Beware of hasty hooding.  Hawk so bobbed, and therefore I advise thee not to trust to the quickness of the hand, but rather to hold the hood by the tassel to her head, & then to put it on leisurely, with a light carriage. You may say she will not suffer this; so think I also, after she hath once taken a dislike thereof; but I spoke in the beginning how to use your hood, so as she shall never with such usage take dislike thereof: use her as I have used mine, and you shall find yours as I find mine; Admit your Hawk shall turn her head away from the hood, I know she will not bate from it, perhaps she will 
I could never find more distemper.  likewise turn her body by the removing one or both of her feet; upon the putting her head aside, I would still hold my hood within an inch of her head, until she should turn her head, and then to put it on leisurely; but if she stir her body and remove her feet, then pull back your hand, and by turning your body and your fist whereon she sitteth, set her right and fit, and then hold the hood gently to her nose, which she will be willing to put her head into, rather than stir any more, for she knoweth there is no hurt ensueth. I could with ordering of my hawk 
She will find no hurt in leisurely hooding.  (as I have already set down) never find any Hawk at a worse pass then so. Well, she is now well made acquainted with the hood, the morning cometh, which I have said before, reviveth all her spirits, which before were heavy and dull, at 
Morning and evening are the times to make a hawk well conditioned.  the break of day getting company and dogs with me, or in the Town, or rather where I should meet most passengers, there would I be walking, hooding my Hawk, and sometimes let her feed after her hooding: After one or two hours being abroad I would into the house again, where my Hawk should show herself as sociable and familiar as a Lanner. I use altogether a low perch, which set in the midst, or in such place of the room wherein I was, as that both men, women, children & dogs should go by her, 
Their desire of ease will make them endure all things, and their so sitting, man them with all things.  I did not fear although they did wipe their Gowns against her, I ever found them so glad of their ease.  
The second day, I know my hawk is as well manned as I can desire, it may be I will set her down upon such a low perch, and in such a place as I have foresaid, and I know there she would sit, not fearing any thing, and not making one bate in two or three hours, (if I would let her sit so long, which as yet I must not) unless hunger should enforce her to stir. I make no doubt but 
Have something to please her howsoever.  she would be very gentle to take up, if she do not jump to the fist. Now I follow her with castings, and I keep her upon my fist until I go to bed, and now I am able to govern her, not needing any more help, and yet I pray think, 
A Hawk must be kept to her good perfection.  that I know if she be not held and kept in this good perfection, she will fall again: But all this I am able to do, only with late sitting up and early rising. I feed her so as that I know she shall cast betimes, which I will carefully look for one hour before day; and when I take her up I will surely please her with something, than I fall to my old Trade again, walking abroad as I did before, using her hood as I find cause. I never call her above eight or ten yards, until I find that she is bold enough and not fearful, and that she be far in love with my voice, which I never fail to give her, even from the beginning of her feeding, until she is flying, and that is loud enough, as if I were to call her thirty or forty score, although I call her but ten yards. Well, when I begin to call her in crane's, although it be for so small a distance, it shall be done from the hood, and from the fist of another man, in manner as your long-winged Hawk is lewred: and when I call her twice or thrice at a time, between every calling I put on her hood, and so still I have her let in from the hood: Who knoweth not that a Hawk set down upon a style, block, or any other convenient thing, when she shall with the often seeing the Cranes drawn at length, and her keeper's accustomed manner in calling her, soon learn to know that now she 
After she is once called and set down again, she will not let him go five yards.  shall be fed, & will be ready to follow him before he can get twenty yards from her? But all this is not to the true purpose. I have seen a Haggart with four days calling, not suffer the going from her five yards, but she would have been at his elbow, after she had been once set down, and yet she was far enough from the perfection of coming; for it is the voice that must not only in this, but 
The voice is the Mistress of knowledge to your Hawk.  in greater matters, work a good effect in my Hawk. As I am thus calling my hawk in crane's, it is very certain she will soon come to that understanding as that she will bate upon hearing my voice, before she be unhooded, I then stay my voice until she be quiet; then I call again, and then stay my voice until she be unhooded: and again, I give my voice, not holding out my fist, unless I see her coming: My experience hath taught me to stay her, and not to let her come until she be quieted, because I have seen long 
A reason.  winged hawks, (with which profession I have made an end thirty years since) let into the lewer in the time of their bating, when they have had their eye presently settled upon some other far remote from the lewer, whether they have presently gone, and then not come to the knowledge, could not find the lewer, and so have been lost. I spend two, three, and often four times of the day thus in calling my Hawk, then 
I call my Hawk often.  for the day, for the most part my fist is her perch, and if I set her down, it shall be ever upon a owe perch, where all sorts of people and dogs shall 
How I bestow my Hawk.  travel by her, and where she shall see the fire stirred and blown, and wood brought thereto, and divers other such like objects: She will not for any, or all of these make a bate. In this manner I have trained my hawk, that when she hath been a flyer. I durst set her down upon a Velvet stool, in a cleanly kept dining-chamber or Parlour, as the place was whereunto I went, for I would have my Hawk as much in my eye as could be; perhaps I should see the Lady or Mistress of the house look discontentedly hereat, so well have I been acquainted with my Hawks good disposition, that I have promised if my Hawk should make a mute in the room, I would lick it up with my tongue; 
Anger and unquietness is the cause of many mutes.  for well I knew no angry mute should come from her, otherwise she would not mute; And I knew well (unless I were negligent, which I would never be) that she would not stir until hunger did provoke it: This for the day.  
In the evening when I had called and supped her, than I would no more let her part from my fist, but continue her until I fed myself, it may be if I had such means she should be upon the fist for that season also, and so until I went to bed, (which the love to my Hawk would not have me hasten.) In the morning before day I would assuredly have her upon my fist, and follow her in such manner as I have formerly done, thinking that I could never be too frequent with 
There cannot be too much familiarity between the man and Hawk.  my hawk, nor she with me. My inducements to carry her thus in the evening, and night, would make her love me as her perch, and by my taking her up so early in the morning, I would persuade her that there had been her perch all night: But whether my hawk will have this loving apprehension, or no, I know not, yet I am assured it worketh this benefit, that she will endure as much or more than any other hawk not so dealt with; And it is this that maketh her so willing to sit still and take her ease, and not take offence, although there should fly about the house fire, dishes, trenchers, and any thing else that would mad other hawks, they shall not move her. Me thinks I hear some man say, I have taken a very painful course in making my hawk. I ask who will not fast oneday to be assured that he shall feel no 
A question.  want so long as he liveth? Work but out your task in this fashion, and you shall during your 
A sweet satisfaction.  hawks life find none but playing-dayes. Let me not omit any thing in my proceedings; As for the hood, I never in the house let her sit hooded at all, and when she is a flying hawk, never unhooded in the field. Be not negligent towards your Hawk at no time, but especially whilst she is in manning, if you be, she will pay you for it in her flying. I am afraid to be tedious, and I cannot more briefly deliver my practice and my experience, I would gladly walk plainly, and give unto every man full satisfaction.  
I should have forgotten one special benefit 
By these means if she be found taken from the Cage, she will be made flying in twenty days.  that is gained by your three nights painful following your Hawk, that is, she shall not at all weaken herself with many bats: also her familiarity will be such, as that you may thereby better her diet in her calling, and of a poor Hawk from the cage, make her strong and full of flesh, the contrary no doubt followeth those Hawks that are by fits dealt withal; one while carefully watched and manned, and to another time neglected, and then their diet shortened to make 
The fruits of negligence.  them conformable at a keeper without form. Hence proceed the marring of many hawks, that when they should be entered and fly, they are so weak, as they are not able to show what they would do if they had strength. If this be not motive enough to make you have a care of your hawks decaying strength, and her falling of flesh, then know that poverty is the mother and 
If you will have your Hawk fly well, let her be full of flesh.  nurse of all diseases: I have followed advising too long, and left the delivering of my practice. Now to proceed therewith, my hawk is to be called lose, she shall not be weakened or hanged with draging her crane's above eight or nine score, and my manner is to call her thirty and forty score before I put her into a tree, and I use to call her at all hours in the day, I fear not her coming home unto me; but admit what I have not met with, that she falleth off and goeth to a tree, it must be want of a stomach that maketh her do so, or want of weathering, or bathing, which I will be sure she shall not want, neither do I think she should want a stomach, which if she should want, that want will make her sit quietly, 
Patience is an excellent virtue in an Austringer.  and I had rather attend her pleasure with patience now, then when I am in sport. I will tell you something touching this point: when I am traveled with my flying hawk, that is as loving as sociable & conformable to my will in all companies and times as I can desire; yet, I do bear her bare-faced for the most part all my journey, and when I perceive she groweth hungry, than I put on her hood, and if there be no present hope of a flight, I set her upon the fist of one that knoweth what doth thereunto belong, than I pray him to ride hindmost of the company, and I put myself foremost; then I call my hawk, when her 
I call my Hawk always when I feed.  hood being pulled off, she cometh by all the company merrily to the fist; Use maketh perfectness, thus I use my hawk, and she never receives meat from me, but I call her. It may be you will be advised hereby to do the like, if you once find the benefit thereof, you will hold the greatest pain in effecting it, sweet contentment and 
Pain is rewarded with pleasure.  pleasure: But to my hawk which doth not so, (but granted she should do so) make me wait her pleasure; I am not hasty to call her until she hath taken her pleasure: which with my observation, I will soon discern, and then when I call her, I know she will soon please me, and so conclude, we are both pleased: but if such an accident should befall me three or four nights before I went to fly her, I would now not fail but show her a Partridge the next night, if I could get a 
You shall find a reason for this elsewhere.  hand Partridge it would please me, if not, I would not be at all sorry; but such a chance hath seldom befallen me, & therefore to hold on with my true proceeding: when I have my hawk perfectly coming, strong and in all points fit to fly, the night before I show her a Partridge, at Sunset, I set her down upon some style, gate, or rail, and walk from her; I would choose a place where there should be many high trees, I would not give her my voice until she went to a tree, but I would keep myself with my company twenty-score from her, unless I should have one, whose eye should attend her remove, lest she should go from me another way, thereby I should know the better what I had to do: when she doth remove and let up and down, than I give her my voice, which she is glad to hear; having taken her down, I sup her, not putting her up any more, my reason for this course, so taken, is this; when my hawk is in a tree, that hath been long kept 
This my reason for my former flying.  and man'd by me, and a longer time been kept in bondage before she came to me, now she beginneth to know herself, and think of what she hath formerly done for herself, she would get her supper, and it is so late that she seeth nothing 
A Hawk may be sotted with long calling and drawing after a man.  whereon to pray, and therefore when she shall see the next night, what is in her power to command; you shall not need to bid her go, but she will give you cause of joy, to see with what metal and spirit she flieth. No Partridge in the world can fly from a good short-winged hawk, and the Pur in her springing will make any hawk fly thereto, 
When you enter your Hawk look she hath all her rights.  if she have been rightly ordered, and in strength. I advise you once more, be sure your hawk hath all her rights, let her not have any smack of wildness, nor want either weather or water. It is to be understood, that I have showed my hawk water within two or three days after she hath been peppered, but it should be at a brook, or some other gravelly place, fit for that purpose, holding my first to the water, and the end of my lines in my right hand, if she did not bathe at my first or second day showing her water, but refused, it should be that she had no desire to bathe, and that when she refused so to do, wildness or Rammishnesse should not be the cause thereof: 
Let her not bate to fly from you, which although you have nothing in your fist she will do.  if she did jump to the water, I would have something in my fist ready to show her, when she made show of coming from the water; which should make her ever after, when she had done, look for the fist, where she should dry, prune, and oil herself, and as yet she never had other perch to weather upon then my fist, neither shall she until she be a true flying hawk. Now for the place where I would first show her a Partridge, it should be in a champion, where Partridges will assuredly fly 
The place to enter my Hawk champion.  to a hedge, than my hawk must needs take stand upon a bush in the hedge, for it is great odds that she shall not have it in the foot, & although she be far behind it, yet she will assuredly go to the place, because the love of the Partridge inviteth 
Hereof I cannot make any doubt, because I never knew it worse.  it, & it is odds, that nearer than that she shall have no place fit to go unto; Well at the retrove, there is no doubt but she will have it; but say that my hawk either hath it in the foot, or otherwise, that she was so near it that she hath with striking at it, in the fall beat it clean through the hedge, and there my Hawk sitteth upon the ground, it can prove no worse; if she have it in the foot we are all well pleased. If she sit upon the ground I stay both men and dogs, for it may be it is not flicked. A Hawk that hath thus showed her mettle will not sit long so, but up unto a 
A Hawk that hath that mettle is not so dull as to sit long upon the ground.  bough; then I ride in quietly, if the Partridge be there, it is very lucky, if not, I hold it no ill luck to have so hopeful a young Hawk; but I go presently about to please her, having a brown Chicken in my bag, the neck I pull in sunder, but break no skin, and tied to my Lewers or Cranes, holding the end in my hand, I throw it out fluttering, and thereupon please her as well as if she had killed a Partridge: I do not tie it 
A prevention of evil.  to my Lewers, as fearing her dragging, or offering to carry it, out of a wild, Rammaish, or any other ill disposition; for I have before this tied a dead 
Use the same course.  Fowl to my Cranes, and thrown it out unto her, amongst men, dogs, and Horses, walking about her, and thereon I let her take all her pleasure, but by little bits of warm meat I sup her from my hand, letting her wholly see all that I do, until I see her ready to forsake the quarry to catch my hand, than I deliver up more covertly, until I have her jump to my fist, where with plumage or tiring I end her supper. You shall hereafter find a better benefit to many purposes 
Expect a better benefit.  by your dealing with your Hawk thus. Thus I reward my Hawk upon her Partridge, and the commodities thereof exceed their understanding that have not made use thereof.  
As I have told you that I would choose a champion-Countrey wherein to enter my hawk, yet it should be so as that there should be some small hedges: And I have always this consideration that I will well know, that whither I ride there should have been no store of hawking, and then I know they can fly no better than a hand Partridge, and they will fly worse at that season 
Choose such Partridges as are heavy flyers.  then some Partridges do that have been well flown too, three weeks before Michaelmas. I have ridden out of Essex into Sussex, unto the East part of the Downs there, to enter my Hawks; Where I have not failed to do it, to the great wonder of the worthy Knights and Gentlemen in those parts, and some (right Worshipful) in the West parts of those Downs can witness, that in their company I have killed for the most part of a month together with an entermured Goshawk, eight, nine, and ten Partridges in a day. The day of my going thither, and the day of my return to London, was just five weeks, and it was a fortnight or more in Michaelmas term when I came back. I killed in that time with that one Hawk fourscore and odd Partridges, five Pheasants, seven Rails, and four 
A note of a large quarry.  Hares against my will. This is not untrue, for I will present that much honoured Knight with one of my Books, who saw all this done: And every man may know that we lost some time with fogs and reign, and my going and coming spent four days.  
I have in the East part shown such Hawks, as there was never seen the like there, and all of them made in this manner, as I have delivered. If they had fallen in Fearne, or among some small shrubbed Purzes, I would when I came in but hold up my hand, and she would presently be there; or if any man else got in before me, if he did not hold out his fist, she would light upon his head. Is not this a sweet comfort, 
A sweet comfort.  for so little pains? If your Hawk be followed with flying as I use mine, you shall have no cause to complain of the short-winged Hawk, that if they fit still but one hour they are presently wild, and care not for their keeper; you shall rather have a care to give her ease, setting her still (as I have used mine) upon a low perch, and in the greatest assembly, never hooded in the house; and so when she is to weather abroad unhooded, upon a low perch, never putting her in a corner to take weather and ease in, for neither all nor none of my Hawks will be diseased, except of purpose foul play be offered, which I hope I shall never meet with. If it hath rained, than you shall be enforced to set her high, for if she ba●e to come to 
The using of her to a little meat as she doth sit upon the perch will make her love you, and look for it.  you, either when you come to take her up or otherwise, she shall wet her wings, so is she shall have more need to weather, then when she was set out. So near as I can remember I will omit nothing of my practice. The manner of giving my casting was over hand without any meat 
My manner of giving casting.  when I went to bed, although she had much meat above, it did not hurt: Casting thus given could not hinder the putting over her meat, nor should lie in her panel with her meat, but after the meat is gone then cometh the casting that maketh clean, and carrieth away what is left; Thus I do before she is flying, but after she is flying she will upon every flight take some plumage, and 
She provideth casting for herself.  therefore with the bones and feathers of a Partridge wing I conclude her supper. I never fail giving her castings, for I can find the perfect or imperfect estate of my Hawk no better then by the knowledge of her castings: And I think it will give the best instructions to a young beginner, 
A help for a young Austringer.  even to know the times of feeding his hawk, and so by his diligent observation come to better understanding; I think castings are as natural as meat: For mine own part, from the beginning of Hawking, until after Michaelmas, I have given two castings, and received two every day from my Hawk, and sometimes three.  
I must explain myself thus; When I have 
An explanation that I may not be misunderstood.  early in the morning killed a Partridge, and given my Hawk the head in her foot, which I suddenly get again, for if I should give her leave to eat all the heads, I must not fly so often as I do, but so soon as she hath the head, I quickly pull out the heart, and break off the wing, and then holding the heart to her, and bruising it between my finger and thumb, she receiveth it at three or four bits, I continuing my hand still in his place, and then cunningly I take up the head, letting her jump to my fist, where she shall plume upon the wing, until I have bitten the skull from the brains, that she may have them without bones. But it hath thus fallen out, when I have so early flown my hawk, that she hath eaten the head, which I have been willing to let her do, and I have given the heart withal, because there were other hawks to fly, and no great store of Partridges; 
An observation.  by which means it would be long before my turn would be to fly again, and it hath so proved that I have not flown at all; but riding homeward, for such is my manner, ever to call my hawk, I set her lose upon a pair of bars, going from her, preparing meat for her dinner, when I had walked about fifty or threescore paces, I gave her my voice, she made no respect 
About ten of the clock I called my Hawk.  of it, that usually upon my first call, would be at my elbow; I stayed and marveled, and because the day was glorious, and the time dangerous to tempt a hawk to play the wanton, I went back (I must confess) in some fear, giving the fairest words I could to stay her, lest she should remove; good hawk she had no such thought, but when I came near her, she gave me a small casting that she had taken in the morning, and then I gave her another, which she repaid at three of the clock in the afternoon.  
I have many times (and lately) seen old and such as went for most expert Austringers, when we have had a hawking journey, been afraid to have any thing stir in their Chamber, for hindering 
This hath been in the beginning of hawking.  their hawks from casting, and to keep the curtains drawn before the window, not suffering the least light to appear so near as they can, for that would be another hindrance to their 
Fall not into this inconvenience.  casting, all this while they lie in bed and give aim, and when they are up they are driven to seek dark corners, wherein to set their hawks until they cast, when it were more fit they were in the field to fly.  
I dare not reprove, I know they know their own errors. I was never yet enforced to stay for my hawks casting, neither do you make any doubt, if you will follow your hawk with that familiarity as I have followed mine, either in the field, or in the house, carried barefaced in either 
If she be wild and fearful, it may make her put it over again.  places, she will cast, or in any of them, to pull off her hood when she offereth to cast. Not long after my hawk hath cast I usually give her a little meat; There is nothing but sickness, (a bar against all good perfections) or wildness, or rammishnes which maketh her stare and look about her, which makes her afraid to perform those duties, which otherwise she would do: The hawks no better manned then so, are many other ways more defective and disorderly then so. Thus much for ordering my hawk with castings for her diet.  
I have flown a hawk all one season, and never fed but upon the best meat I could, she never 
My manner of feeding, and with what I feed.  tasted Beef, neither was her feathered meat (but very seldom cold; and to help her better, a night did hardly escape me but I thrust out the marrow of the wings of either Duck, Pheasant, Partridge, Dove, Rook, or such like, breaking the bone off at either end, and so with a feather the end cut off, drive it whole without breaking into a dish of fair water, setting my hawk loose upon the Table, I would give it her between 
This will keep your hawke-strong and able.  my thumb and finger, which she would much desire, & very much joy in, & would expect such kindness at my hands. The better the meat is the less will serve; your practice will soon tell you that there is difference between the wing of an 
The difference of meat is to be respected.  old Dove, and the wing of a young Pigeon, and so much is the difference between the wings of a Dove flying abroad for his food, and the Dove long kept in a mewe for provision; although you shall find the one lean, yet you shall find it tender and moist; and the Dove in the mewe, although it be extremely full of flesh, and with his ease and good feed laid with fat upon the neck, and under the wing, yet this pulled in pieces you shall find it hard and extremely dry.  
Now you understand how I made my hawk flying to the field, and if you will now suppose her to be truly flying, and that she will tend upon the Dogs for a retrove; for nature will quickly teach her to know what good service the Spantell doth her: Say by some ill accident I miss a flight, the Partridge may be run into a Cony-hole; it is in Kent a safe and common rescue: or the hawk may strike at it in the fall, and so the 
Nature teacheth the Partridge to save her life by any means.  Partridge flicke. In Sussex I have seen two flights in one afternoon lost, the Partridge would fall upon the hedges which were a rod broad in some place, very thick, and never come to the ground; If (I say) one of these or other such like accident should befall me, otherwise I held it a very hard matter to miss a flight, and although I know (if I would let my hawk alone, and beat to serve her with one other Partridge) that she would tend upon the Dogs, and so kill it.  
I dare do no such thing, for I know if I should 
Worthy to be well marked.  use her much to that, she would fall better in love with my Dogs then with me, for they answer her attendance with springing a Partridge unto her, and after a few times so served, although for want of Partridges they cannot do it, yet she will expect it with such desire, as that she will neglect my calling her, and so in the end prove an ill comer, and then want no ill conditions; there 
Let your care prevent such mischief.  is no readier way to teach her to catch a Hen; one fault begetteth another: If she should in this following the Dog's light upon an Hen, get some in your company to run and catch her by the legs, letting the Hen go, if you have none in your company that can do it handsomely, do it yourself; in such manner, and then setting her down upon some convenient place, call her and give her some meat and plumage, and so she will be well reconciled, and not at all the more unfit 
Make a reconcilement.  to fly again. Now I have my hawk at this pass I desire to go to the covert, if the covert be large 
I hawk to the Covert.  I put up my hawk, not making question but she will draw after the Dogs, although I should stand still (the field hath taught her that;) If I serve her not in a quarter or half an hour, I take her to my fist, and give her something, and then I put her up again, and this bettereth my hawks conditions: But it I should with a vain hope let her still draw, and not serve her, I fear very hunger 
The hawk free from blame.  will make her look out to save her life. The hawk is not herein to be blamed, for extreme hunger will make her keeper forget himself. I pray you note hereby, and by what I have formerly said, that your voice, be it high or low, neither your action in the covert, is that she looketh for, for she will give diligent attendance unto the Dogs.  
If I spring a Pheasant, I cannot in the covert have my Dogs at that command that I have them in the field. Let me make all the hast I can after my hawk, I might miss of the quick finding her, if by 
The field hath taught her better.  my dogs questing I were not drawn where she is; it is ten to one she will not hunt for it upon the ground, if she should it will teach her wit; but it is more likely that she will, if the covert with Broome or Furzes be not thick in the bottom but that she may see it, she will as it runneth tend it, flying over it from tree to tree, and when the Dogs doth spring it, she is so over it, as that it will never rise to go to a high perch, if it should the hawk would have it before it come there, and 
I have seen divers hawks spoiled with Dogs.  then falling amongst the Dogs they strive who is most worthy: All this is quickly done, and before the Falconer can get in to them; it may be you shall find your hawk to enjoy it, if it be with some contention all the better for my hawk, for it will forbid her not to be too hot of a Pheasant upon the ground, and you shall with your practice find the profit of it as I have done; for in the kill of more Pheasants than I will name, and I think in seven years hawking to the Covert, I never had cause to cry, Here ret: For if my hawk hath it not in the foot the first flight, when I know my Dogs will not meddle with it, than I shall before I can get to them assuredly here a bay, and my hawk over the head of it, when having been well flown, the fear of the hawk, maketh the Pheasant sit fast: An Eyas hawk would be hotter, and it may be strike at it, and miss it, and so strike herself under the Pheasant, 
Thus may a Rammish hawk lose a Pheasant.  and then if the Pheasant goeth our upon that advantage, it is lost without great luck. Your Rammish hawk will not often lose a Pheasant thus, she partly forbeareth, because the Dogs are so hotly baying, and it may be she hath met with some rough dealing amongst them before, but 
Which I wish she should as the first flying.  she will so tend it as that she will challenge it for her master: And I have ever had such success with such hawks, as what with their true flying and diligent attendance at the retrove, I should seldom find the Pheasant but so high as that I might take it down with my hand, or else shake it down in my arms; which done, I would go to a convenient place, whether my hawk would diligently wait upon me, and there holding it by the legs, I should soon have my hawk upon the body, but I would cleanly put her to the head, covering the body with my Hat or Glove, I would not stick to please her well: Notwithstanding, some men's opinions are, that if they be well rewarded, and kindly pleased upon a Pheasant, they will forbear the true stiving Partridge: I know not whether my discretion hath so prevailed with my hawks, or their own good dispositions have wrought such understanding in them; but assuredly I never had hawk that I have had the handling of from the beginning, but they have loved a Partridge much better than the Pheasant. 
Love a Partridge better than a Pheasant.   
It may be a wonder to some why I desire not to have my hawk take a Pheasant from the perch, and further wondered at, why I should allow of some contention between my hawk and Dogs. I understand that generally all dogs are hotter in the covert then in the field, and I may meet with dogs, that if she should not be coy of them they would endanger her life, especially if she should catch a Hare, and so might my own dogs do against their will. I have seen a Pheasant when the hawk hath come to strike at him at the perch, chop to another bough with such skill, as that he hath gotten a long bough between him and the hawk, and with his cunning removes beat the hawk out of breath, and in all this conflict would strive to get above the hawk; and when he hath had this advantage, go proudly away, and leave the hawk out of breath, or unable to follow.  
It may likewise be said that I am too peremptory in my opinion, in presuming my hawk shall kill the first Partridge: For my opinion to the covert, having my hawk so familiarly made, as that in the field she is well pleased with my loving dealing with her, and will attend my coming in to her, not fearing any thing so I be by her: so would I have her in the covert wholly to rely upon me, and be confident that when I shall come unto her, she shall have her desire satisfied; she will soon understand thus much, with using her in such manner as I have foretold; and as for my hawk I am most confident in her entering herself, she hath no way been weakened, she is familiar, 
Make her loving and familiar, or else her strength and ability are Tutors to ill conditions.  strong, and able, and I know nature hath taught her to do the best she can.  
You have formerly been told how and where I would enter my hawk, at Partridges that had not been flown at, and in fair flying; I advise you what to do, by telling you what I have done.  
I was entreated to fly a Goshawk of my neighbours, that would not kill a Partridge, nor had killed one that year; I flew her to the covert, where I so encouraged my hawk, as that Winter 
The covert hindereth not a hawks flying in the field.  she proved a good Partringer. This approveth that the flying to the Covert doth not hinder a Hawks mettle in the field.  
I did know Sir Edward Suliard, a Knight of high estimation in that Art, as well as otherwise, for his worthy disposition, fly a foolish Goshawk at Blackbird and Thrush, and he was glad when he had gotten her to that perfection, to beat it into a hedge or bush: he did it to make her know that she had a commanding power over Fowl, if she would put herself to it; she proved a very good Hawk.  
I know many will say they have had Hawks, 
Hawks that are once flown to the Pheasant will fly no more to the Partridge.  that if they had once seen a Pheasant, that then they would kill no more Partridges that year: It is very like there have been many such; and as I confess that, so I pray you give me leave to think that the fault was not in them, but in the unskilfulness of their Keeper.  
Some men so soon as their Hawks give up a Partridge, do presently work upon them with scour, and then pinch them and shorten their diet, by which means they are unable to kill a 
How they are made unable to kill a Partridge.  Partridge, or thereby their courage is so taken from them, that they will not show what they are able to do.  
I would advise you herein, but all is in the practice and handling; I will tell you my course, if I meet with such a Hawk, and my reason for it, contrary to most men's opinions. I set up my rest that in ten days I will fly my Hawk no more; but I strive with all the Art I have, to 
Rest increaseth strength and courage.  bring her to as much courage and strength as ever she had, with good meat, and some other devices I would practise upon her, (where with you shall meet amongst my receipts, set forth for cures.) I would now have more care in making this Hawk, for it is credit to make of a 
Herein true Art is showed.  Buzzard a good Hawk.  
It is not my meat and diet I give her must alone effect this in my Hawk, but a diligent care over her for other wants, as manning, bathing and weathering, all special means to make a hawk joy in herself; and she shall bate as little as I can, for weakening her.  
When I have brought my Hawk to such perfection, I dare promise to myself she shall then do as well and better than ever she did. Although I have been tedious, and at large set down my manner of practising with the sore Rammish Hawk; yet I do not think there is any thing set down but some will be content to have the reading thereof: and let me deliver this as my last request.  
When you have made a perfect good 
A Hawk well made asketh small tendance.  Hawk, let her not be neglected, but keep her so; the keeping is much easier than the making her so.  
I assure you in all my proceedings, from the first to the last with my Hawk, I never 
I was her friend, she my playfellow.  found it painful, but the comforts I had of a good conclusion fed me with sweet contentment and pleasure. It now followeth that I show how to reclaim any short-winged Hawk from any evil condition.    

THE SECOND TREATISE, OF Hawks and Hawking: Wherein the Austringer is taught to reclaim his Hawk from any ill-condition.  

CHAP. I.  
How to make a Hawk hood well, that will not abide the sight of the hood, but bite at it, and with her feet strike at thy hand and hood, bate, shricke, hang by the heels, and will not stand up. on the fist; and this shall be done within forty eight hours, with less than forty bats.  
THe greatest motive that set my thoughts a-work to find out a secret, whereby a hawk should be brought to like of that which she did most detestably hate, was that in my hearing, it hath been often and many times said, by many Gentlemen, of which, some would say they would give forty shillings, some would give five pounds, and some other would give ten pounds that their hawk would hood well.  
Many experiments I tried, wherewith I could have hooded such a hawk well, which I will not publish, because they brought as much ill to the hawk in some other kind, as the wellhooding would profit them. At length I thought of feeding a hawk through the hood, cutting the hole for her beak very wide, it is but the marring of a hood. I would have the hole so wide, as when I did hold it by the tassel, she should very easily (when it was laid upon the meat) feed through it. I would continue feeding her so three or four days, never offering in all that time to put it on. But now that she was grown familiar with the hood, all fear thereof forgotten, which she would show by her bold feeding therein, and that she should make no show of disliking my putting it over the meat, and my taking it back.  
When I found her thus securely feeding, and her head in the hood, I would then gently and lightly raise my right hand, a very small motion will serve, and so leave the hood upon her head; Take heed you give her no dislike by the sudden putting it on, and by the too high raising your hand in this your beginning with her; & have as great a care that she be thoroughly emboldened with the hood, before you offer to put it on: with this practice, putting on her hood & pulling it off, oftentimes in her feeding, you shall effect her taking the hood to your desire; provided always your practice be with patience and leisure: for if you shall pop it on suddenly, and with haste, you may thereby put her in mind that thereby she took her first offence: You cannot wrong her by any other means; remember also to leave her with the hood upon her head when she is seeding.  
This I did privately deliver to some of my friends, by word of mouth, above twenty years since, and some did carefully follow my direction, and did not fail, but brought their hawks to such perfection, as when she was most discontented, with a stump of a Partridge wing he would readily hood her.  
Others, whose patience could not endure the time whilst they were thoroughly emboldened with the hood, and would feed securely and gently in it, would be offering to put it on; and than what through her fear, and his hasty carrying his hand, which increased her fear, brought her to that pass, that she would not feed any more through the hood, but with such a cautill fear as that she would not be hooded, but was then as ill as ever she was, and so much worse, because he had now bobbed her with this trick, whereby she might have been taught.  
Swollen big with desire to effect this by some more ready & easy means, which might more speedily be done, and truly performed. I had an imagination of this course, which here I will deliver, by which means I brought five hawks and Tarsels to as good perfection as I could desire in the time of keeping my house and chamber, being at that time very weak, and all of them were as much disordered as hawks could be, and I delivered them as gently hooding as could be desired. After they came unto me, and that I had bestowed them upon the fist of one of my people, I kept them upon the fist, that day they came unto me, and that night they were truly watched, after the former manner of watching my hawks, both man and hawk to walk, or at the least the hawk to walk. So soon as it was fair and light, I did male them up in a handkerchief, (I pray you understand thus much, that it is not good she should be fed before she be maled) making it very close about the shoulders and body: I would not male up the tops of her flying feathers, lest I should thereby mar the web of the feather; her legs they were laid along under her train, but to save her train from breaking any feather, because her legs and it must be tied together, I plaite a large handkerchief six times double, and lay that upon her legs under her train, by which means, by binding her up you, cannot bruise or crack a feather. There is nothing but all safety in this course.  
My hawk thus maled up, I lay her upon a cushion, and carry her up and down under my arm; She is now fast she cannot rebel, I offer the hood, whereat although she shriek, and strive to stir, she cannot: so soon as she is quiet, holding the hood by the tassel, I gently put it on; she cannot forbid it: thus I follow her hooding and unhooding; I lay her upon a Table, I walk by her, I put it on, and pull it off very often; and if I shall be made acquainted with any thing that she cannot endure, I will then present her with that: Say she will not abide the fire, or not the blowing or stirring thereof; I walk up and down before the fire, which she should hear blown, and see it stirred and rattled together, she cannot bate nor hurt herself; and when she shall patiently lie still, and find that it doth not hurt her, she will be the less afraid thereof, & in all this time I lose nothing about my other practice: It may be she is coy and fearful of the dogs, I lay her upon the ground with her cushion, where she shall for that time have familiarity enough with them: lying so, walking by her, I ply her with the hood, and so I continue until night: When night cometh I unmale her; I have had a hawk thus maled, that in a winter's day she hath not made a mute; admit she doth mute, it is great odds she shall, she fouleth none but a few of her small feathers about her tewel, which are presently washed with a sponge without any hurt.  
When she is now unmaled, and sitteth upon my fist, she will take the hood by candlelight, as well as she did when she was maled, which it may be she would do before she came unto me, for many hawks will hood by candlelight that will not abide the sight of it in the day.  
But for your better instruction, it must be with holding it gently to her beak, which she must be as willing to put into the hood, as you are to put it on. I pray you let your own reason guide you thus far; hastiness to hood her, when she would not be hooded, brought her to this imperfection; therefore keep you as far from that as may be, and in this practice to do it with as much leisure as may be. It is not to be believed how the least hasty motion will put her in mind of what she hath formerly met with. I watched her this night with the often using the hood, and whether I did sit still or walk, I would be sure she should not be idle; believe it, all this night she will take the hood as well as you can desire, but the question is for the morning: Therefore I would be without fail walking abroad in the morning before day, and then and there follow my practice, when it may be I shall not find him contrary my desire: As I feed often in the night, so now I fail not, lest hunger should make him stur, if he be not coy of the hood, at or a little before the Sun riseth, if they be carefully handled they are for ever made well hooding. I never had any but one Tarsell, but with the night and day before, were made very gentle to the hood, only that one Tarsell I was driven to male up again the second day; I must let none of them all have their full rest that night; but when they are thus made, they must be followed, for fear they fall again: Be sure to be abroad early in the morning, following her with the hood; I hope this is sensibly to be effected by any man; But if my hawk turn her head from the hood, I patiently attend her patience, holding my hood to her head, and with turning my hand set her right and fit to take it; but if she will be wild 
Her watching hath broken her from that.  or angry, she cannot understand me.  
He that will use violence with a Horse already distempered, and with spur or chain add fury to fury, may perhaps at that time be deceived of his expectation: So, he that shall deal with a man in the time of his impatience, may 
An example or comparison.  peradventure at that time want of a reasonable hearing; but give the man time until that humour be spent, and so thy Horse, and Hawk, and they will all mildly attend thee.  
If your Hawk be distempered, and you know no reason why, use her not otherwise but with a loving respect, and assoon as may be make a peaceable love and reconcilement between you; there is no indifferent hooding to be looked for by this manner of using her, for she must do it well in the highest degree. Hereof I conclude, and so I proceed to the recovery of all other ill conditions. And first for a Hawk that will roil and house.   

CHAP. II.  
How to bring a Hawk that will roil and seek for Poultry at a house, to good perfection and staidness, and how to get that Hawks love in whom an ill Keeper hath bred such carelessness.  
IF a man should deliver among many Austringers, (and such that would scorn that any man should exceed them in knowledge) that there were a man that would and could recover a hawk to good perfection that were plentifully furnished with all faults, and wanted no ill condition, I know they would laugh at him, and say it were a lie, and unpossible: But I avouch it, and am warranted through my practised experience, not to blush or care for what they say; but this I advise them that stand affected to company and good-fellowship, to have care how to order their hawks, for now their masters shall find, that diligence will effect any thing, and not using careful diligence there is no good to be gotten at their Hawks hands. But now to make proof of my Art, and for thy instruction (good Friend) you are to note, you are to deal with hawks that have been ill handled, and not to begin with them as with hawks from the Cage, for she will roil and house, which at the first did come by her not coming, and her not coming was want of love to her keeper; for if she had so loved her keeper as that she would have come to him, he had been out of his wits, if he would have let her alone to roil, and house.  
I cannot otherwise think, that having this fault, but she is withal wild & rammish, which might be a second means to make her travel in this sort, and therefore your first course must be by watching & manning to make her very gentle & familiar, and in that time you must labour to get her a good stomach. It is not short meals alone breed a hungry desire in your hawk, but continual carriage, castings, and often and cleanly feeding, with clean and light meat drawn through water, but after dry your meat, for if the hawk shall be fat and in grease when she doth come unto thee, your care must be the more for her diet; for if she want meat wherewith to carry away her grease, the breaking of her grease will take away her stomach, and her grease too fast broken, will not only make her sickly, but truly sick, and kill her, or breed diseases, such as she had as good be dead: Therefore let her not last, nor do not overfeede, which fault is as dangerous as fasting; for with her meat in her mutes she will spend more grease than she can bring up with her casting.  
Her grease gone, and your hawk made gentle, your Hawk will quickly show a good stomach, 
Wildness will not suffer a hawk to show her hunger.  let not your hasty desire hinder your good conclusion herein.  
When your hawk is come to a good stomach and perfect gentleness, as I did reclaim my sore Rammish hawk, calling her to the fist out of the hood, from the fist of another man, in manner as the long-winged hawk is lewred; you must observe the same course, only differing herein, for you must call her to a catch or lewer, and thereunto take her as the long-winged hawk is used, wherewith thou must make her much in love with thy sweet and mild using her, and in doing thus, it will make her love thee better than ever she loved house: Let her please herself upon the catch, offer not to meddle with it, but let her freely and peaceably enjoy it; and when she is pluming upon it, feed her with bits of good meat from thy hand, it will make her look for that sweetness not only then when she is upon the catch but it will likewise make her love thee when she is upon the quarry. If thou shalt ply her thus with thy hand, it will bring her to such pass as she will readily jump to your fist from the catch, and the sweet and often using hereof, will make her leave the quarry in such manner, & so preserve her feathers from wetting. At the first beginning of calling her. I hope your understanding will advise you to have her in crane's, wherewith if she would check she shall be prevented, and wherewith she shall be stayed if she offer to drag or carry the catch; for the want of love to her former keeper, could not but breed these as well as other ill conditions: but I hope your gentle using & manning her, before you did ever show Catch or Lewer, hath freed her from these, and your now kind dealing with your hawk, feeding her so from the hand upon the catch, will give her such contentment, that never met with such content before, as that I am persuaded she will be made thereby more truly loving unto thee, than a hawk shall be made, bought from the cage.  
I pray let us admit that she was a good conditioned hawk once, and would come to the fist very familiarly; how should she then lose this, by her keeper's negligence, being not often or seldom called, and then upon her coming slightly rewarded, supposing if he should give her any meat, it would hinder her well-flying, which might fall out to be presently, but such reward as would please her, will work no such ill effect; and now thou hast her most readily coming to the catch, if thou wilt handle her; with no better respect, but only caring how for that present to get her to your fist, and thereby please yourself, and not at all her; she will be weary of it, and such usage, and fall to her old trade; which being handled as I have directed, I would not doubt but to put her up amongst hens, when at any hour in the day she should leave them all for love of me, and the catch, which asketh no longer time than throwing it out; which I would useher unto every hour, if I were not sure of my flight.  
And this I hope will suffice for this: But if you will have me grant that which I cannot yield unto, that having flown a Partridge to a house, notwithstanding all these kind courses taken with her, she hath caught a Hen, then let some one in the company, that can tell how to do it, make haste unto her, taking up both Hawk and Hen, and run to a pond or pit of water (there is no dwelling house inhabited, and where hens are, but you shall find some water) and thereinto over head and tail wash them both together three or four times; then having the hawk upon his fist, let not her keeper show himself until he that hath her, hath with her lines fastened her calling-cranes unto her; then I would advise her keeper to give her his voice out of her sight, but the hawk to be still held although she doth make a bate to go to him: He is to give his voice but once or twice, and that is where she seeth him not; after when he cometh near her let him give her his voice cheerfully; and let her in crane's be let go to him, when he throweth out the catch in crane's, lest being wet, she should desire to fly to a tree to weather and dry herself; her crane's forbid it. And now you must not think she hath committed a fault, for she hath done penance for it, and coming to you she looketh to be much made of; satisfy her expectation, giving her all the contentment you may: It is not possible there should be a hawk so ill but by this means she will be recovered.  
It may be some young professor in this Art is possessed, that if his hawk be very hungry and sharp, she will the sooner come unto him: He is herein much deceived; for unless she loveth him very well, hunger is the special means that draweth her from him, for hunger must be satisfied, and her little love to him will make her the better pleased with that she provideth for herself, and make her look out for her own provision: But if she be truly loving him, than there is no doubt but she would come the readilyer. Mark then, if this be not the only main 
A special and main point to be looked unto.  point, for an Austringer to have his hawk in love with him.  
There be many that will never affect my doctrine, because my course herein set down is painful; but what is any thing worth that is easily gotten? but he is deceived that holdeth it painful, for his hawk once well made, she will not ask half the pains or attendance in the time of her flying, as other hawks, that are but half, for half made hawks must be followed with. Whensoever thou callest thy hawk give her some reward upon the catch, and likewise please her upon the fist.  
If I may be so bold without reprehension, for my recreation, to think of a more worthy delight, I will rest thankful, I will speak of the Horseman and his horse, the Austringer and his hawk; always understand that I acknowledge the one to exceed the other as much as gold exceedeth dross; but what I intent is this, both horse and hawk are as they are taught. If a horse prove hard-mouthed, a runaway, carry an unsteady head, his neck awry, or his body un-even; nay sometimes he may and will refuse to turn of the one hand, and some other time dislike some part of the ground wherein he is ridden, and there will fly out, or perhaps stop of his forefeet, without either rucking behind, or advancing before, until after his stop, and other such vices, can it be said that that horse hath gotten such a fault or faults, otherwise then through the unskilfulness of his rider, when the true Artist is not only able to amend these faults, but in some parts to amend what nature hath made defective? The hawk is seldom seen to have any natural defect, and therefore asketh no such Art: Neither do I question the shapes of horses and hawks, for in both kinds their shapes much differ, but what I write is for the manner of their making, for the ill shape of either of them cannot excuse their ill conditions; the worst you can say by an hawk for her shape is, that she is a long, slender and besom tailed hawk. I say all feathers fly, as horses of several races, are of lighter, quicker, or duller disposition: So are your hawks out of some Country and eayrie, of much more spirit and mettle than the other; and will ask shorter or longer time in making; but for their vicious making, therein resteth the comparison. If thy hawk will not come, or not abide company, or a stranger in the company, perhaps not a woman, a basket, a horse or Cart, or will roil or house, or any of these vices; can the Austringer have a less imputation laid upon him, than the ill-ridden horse hath given his rider, which is, he was ignorant and wanted knowledge? Alas, simple Austringer, how shallow is thy Art in respect of Horseman ship? and so much the more art thou worthy of blame: The excellent horseman will make and show his horse without any vice; and so will the exquisite Austringer show his hawk without any ill condition: In every Trade wherein a man is most exercised, he is most excellent; Then strive and labour to exceed them in some measure that have little skill, for the ordinary Handicraftsman passeth by with less than ordinary or no respect, when the skilful is desired and much sought after. Who understandeth not that the love of one Hawk is more readily gotten, than the love of another & that it is not so easy to get the love of a hawk that hath been dealt with and bobbed, as to have it from a hawk that hath not been dealt with? And therefore in your practice have patience, and never think she doth well until she be wholly at your command, thy pains will be answered with pleasure; work out the week, and Sunday will be holiday. I will now proceed and examine what other ill quality a hawk may have. There is an excellent hawk will fly and kill a Partridge very well, but she will carry it from her keeper when he cometh in. The remedy.   

CHAP. III.  
How to stay that Hawk that having killed a Partridge, will very unwillingly suffer her keeper to come unto her, but will carry it.  
HE was an unkind keeper, and handled his hawk very ill, so to get her hatred, from whom but through love he could not hope to receive any good; otherwise he was very unskilful, 
Dislike of her keeper, or rammishnes  to fly his hawk so wild and so ill manned; for one of these must be the cause, then by working the contrary in her, she is faultless and will fly the better: If she will come well, than it is not merely out of dislike of her keeper; and so much the sooner brought to good perfection: But it may be partly so, and partly wildness and rammishnesse, and there may be a third dislike, which stronglier possesses her then any of the other, which presently shall be delivered unto you. Before a hawk be truly manned and made gentle, she will never learn good, or leave bad conditions; for so long as she is wild, she is altogether angry, froward, unruly, and disorderly, therefore be sure to use such patience and gentleness, as that she may understand thee: then put her in crane's, and set her upon some man's fist; have a dead dove or some other foul, it mattereth not although you stand not above twenty or thirty paces from her, giving your voice as though you would call her, throw the fowl as far from you, as you can, which when she hath in her foot and doth offer to carry, which the crane's 
Now she discovereth the cause of her fault.  forbid, then know, that it is not wildness or rammishnesse, for before this with carriage in company thou haddest made her gentle, neither can it be that she feareth thee, for thou hast laboured before this to a better purpose; if you have not, I have set down my directions in vain: If then you have so carefully manned her, as that she neither fears you, nor is in fear of any man else; yet it is fear that causeth this, not fearing thee, but she feareth the quarry shall 
The third cause of her carrying.  be taken from her by thee, and she would be glad to give herself a better reward thereupon then you will allow of, and the small rewards you have given her, when you have taken her from the quarry hath bred this fault; but this fault showeth the hawk hath metal and spirit 
It is a good sign to have a Hawk love the quarry.  enough. Well now that she is upon the catch, and so long as she stands still, fearing she know not what, stand you still, not offering to go nearer than you are, until she fall to be busily pluming, holding the crane's fast, and continually giving her your voice: When she fails to plume, walk gently to her, still giving her your voice; and whereas her fear was the quarry should be taken from her, let her find altogether the contrary, let her enjoy it; and take this course, whereby you shall soon win her favour, that at any other time she will not only give you leave, but lovingly expect your coming unto her, have in readiness her supper or break fast, or at any or every time of the day such meat as is warm and good, (her taste is very good, although it cannot compare with her sight) feed her therewith by little bits out of your hand. If she look at you for more, forbearing what is in her foot, then do you forbear to give any more until she fall again to plume, then give her your voice, and feed her so again. If you will do thus, you shall find her look as earnestly at your hand for reward, as a hungry Spaniel will look for a crust, and she will be so pleased with your voice, as when she hath a Partridge in her foot, she will diligently attend and stay your coming, when I think hereby you are well taught how to use her: And now for this fault I may conclude, and inquire what other fault may disgrace a hawk: She will carry it to a tree.   

CHAP. IU.  
To reclaim a Hawk that will carry a Partridge into a Tree.  
IT is so lately set down how to stay a hawk, and make her lovingly expect your coming unto her, as it is fresh in memory. Your hawk being brought to that pass, this fault will soon be left, I have approved it: So soon as your hawk is gone into the tree, get all the 
The remedy.  company to go under her, using as fearful noyle as they can, showing Hats and Gloves, which will soon make her remove, but it may be to an other tree, follow her again with the like noise, there is no doubt but it will remove her, if not, they must use some more violent means, as striking the tree with sticks, or throwing cudgels up, she may peradventure remove twice or thrice before she come to the ground, but so soon as she is come to the ground, whereof you shall not have so great cause of joy, but she will joy more to hear your loving voice, which I would then have you freely and familiarly give, when she will soon understand she shall enjoy what she hath with sweet content and quiet.   

CHAP. V.  
For a Hawk that so soon as she hath caught a Partridge, will break and gerge herself upon it.  
THe cause of a grief known, the disease is soon cured; and so it must be inquired how she came by this foul fault, and then it is soon remedied. I cannot understand it should be any otherwise then thus, at the first when she had caught a Partridge, and before you come unto her had begun to feed, and peradventure fed so much as you feared it would hinder your whole days sport, it could not but move some passion in you, which you should have dissembled; but it could not be but with some 
The Cause.  impatience you take her from the quarry, not suffering her to eat any more, which now at the first she did fall unto by chance, but now she hath found the sweet thereof, and the wrong you offered her in so sudden taking her up, will make her the next time more earnestly and with the more haste to feed, remembering how she was taken from it before, lest she now be so served again: The best remedy is this, when 
The remedy.  she should fly to the next Partridge and kill, if you come in unto her before she break (it may be she may catch it near you at the retrove) let her alone with it, and feed her with your hand, she sitting upon it, as I taught you before: If by chance she happen of a bare place, be not discontented, but ply her with giving her meat from your hand, and let her eat in such abundance until she doth forbear to eat any more; 
In her pluming put on her limbs.  it shall not be amiss when you have put on her limbs to pine her down at length, and whether she hath it in a ditch, bush, or hedge, neither reward her, nor any other hawk, until you have her in the plain, and that will make them so soon as they have a Partridge get out with it into the plain; then if she bate upon any extraordinary occasion, she shall not go away gorged. You must not now be sparing of your labour, for if you spend three or four hours in thus feeding her, (she will not be so long in feeding) yet with the Partridge in her foot, whereon although she will not feed, she will be unwilling to part from, let her enjoy it, & be often offering her meat, and when you find that she is careless of the quarry, take her to your fist; it may be 
A supposition.  in your first entering, you were too sparing in your reward, but howsoever she cometh by this, in following this practice but twice or thrice, you shall with kind handling her in her rewards, which should be much from the hand, you shall have her handle a Partridge, as that you may at any time take a live Partridge out of her foot, to enter one withal. And thus I conclude for this, unless you will say she hath almost eaten the Partridge before you come to her, I say let her eat, and feed her still with the most provocation you can, no doubt it will make her very choice how she feeds after she hath been so overfed, and after she hath been twice or thrice so dealt with take leisure. A hawk loveth her keeper very well she will draw after him and come at his pleasure, she will in her drawing be still upon the head of the dogs, but when she hath killed it, will carry very foully.   

CHAP. VI  
How to use that Hawk that will carry for fear of the dogs.  
I Must herein suppose that she will draw after the dogs, or otherwise after her keeper; but so soon as she hath the Partridge, and as soon as the dogs come to her, she carrieth away the quarry; this can be but to the next hole to hide herself; but then if the dogs shall follow her thither, and thrust her out from thence, herein the hawk is not to be blamed but the 
Examine by which, it soon amended.  Spaniels, that better deserve a halter then a crust. It must be thought upon how she came to be thus fearful of the Spaniels, it could not be in the field, because the Faulcknour shall be at the retrove, and then he is only to be blamed, that hath not taught his Spaniels better; if by neither of these, than this must be gotten by very foul dogs in the covert, where if the Spaniels be but a little hot in their sport, it 
My observation.  teacheth the hawk more wit than knavery; for as I have partly said before, she will not be too 
Not to hunt for the Partridge upon the ground.  hot upon the game for fear of them, but will trust to my help, and will tend it so as that she will not lose it, so that I shall be sure to have it of my own catching. I reap this benefit by her fear, that she will not strike at the Pheasant upon the ground; for if she should so do, it is 
A discommodity.  great odds but so she misseth it, and if it then springeth, it is more odds, but it is clean lost; but if she tend it, and the dogs, as I have foresaid, it is great odds but it goeth to perch, from whence it is likely it will never fly, but by my hands is to be delivered to her; I do not as I have seen some do, toss it up high, that thereby she shall catch it, and so fall among the dogs, which as they say, doth embolden her upon the dogs, 
Some men's opinion.  it must be there so, because she knoweth she is not able to carry it from them, but when she is in the field, and hath a lighter matter in her foot, it may then work a worse effect, and having field-roome & sight whether to carry it in safety, she will remove. The discommodities that I have met with in having my hawk take a Pheasant from perch, some I have before set down, in the seventh chapter, & this is an other; Many times she hangeth of one side of the bough, having fast hold upon the Pheasant, and the 
Prevent what you find may work any ill.  Pheasant upon the other: whether your hawk receiveth hurt hereby or no judge you; and the like mischief must needs befall, when a Pheasant is tossed high unto her; for when she catcheth it so high, she will not fall plum down therewith, but will a little strive to show her strength, and then the Pheasant hitting a bough never so little, although the twig be very little, if the hawk letteth it not go, she must needs hang as before: I desire not to make my hawk hot in the covert, my reasons before expressed may suffice; but these inconveniences may advise other men how to deal in this case: But in my practice I am sure there is no inconvenience 
No inconvenience.  by carrying it into a plain, and there to serve her as I used my rammish hawk; I am well assured that thereby I make my Hawk as truly to love me, as a Hawk can possibly love a man; and this benefit thou shalt find it work in thy Hawk that will carry, it will make her so to love 
This good ensueth.  thee, and to assure herself in thee, as that if she doth carry a Partridge for fear of the dogs, yet hearing thy voice she will be so confident and secure in thee, as she will stir no more; for she knows she shall have her reward with quietness. If your Spaniels will not leave to follow her, but be more ready to beat her out of the country then otherwise; if you will not part from them, God send him sorrow that loveth it.   

CHAP. VII.  
How to use a Hawk that will carry a Partridge into a tree, and will not be driven to the ground, but will there assuredly eat it.  
THere is no Hawk trained as I have done mine, and as I have taught to use yours, will suffer such a vice to take hold of her: but I must not stand upon, if she had been thus, or thus dealt with, this would never have been, but now we must seek to amend it; and say she doth it neither for fear of man nor dog, but out of a natural disposition, and accustomed practice, let her be short coped, so I would advise all short-winged hawks to be used, for the safety 
An objection.  of thy own hands: It may be objected, how shall she then hold a Pheasant? How have my hawks done that would hardly miss a Pheasant, 
Answer.  and all of them short coped? I will now deliver a truth, for the affirming whereof I am willing to take my oath; I had a Tarsell of a Goshawk, that one after an other, let two Pheasants slip out of his foot; I was thereat much perplexed, I found many of their feathers, but 
I feared the spoiling my Hawk.  neither of their bodies: standing with my hawk upon my fist not knowing what to do, whether I should fly any more or no, the wood was large, but the groat of two or three years; as I stood still, a Cock did spring very near me, my Hawk did neither suddenly nor earnestly bate at him, yet when he did bate I did let him fly, when he showed he never meant to catch it, but flew to mark, and I saw him dart up into a spear, I made haste unto him, and I did spring the Pheasant just under him, he turned upon his stand, and then flew after, not losing any ground of him, but when he plained to fall, he caught him by the head, and did hang almost a yard from the ground, I came to him, laid him in the plain, and covered his body, so he had as much pleasure and as good a reward as I could give him upon the head and neck: After this I assure you in all the time I kept him, & in the kill of very many Pheasants, which then were very plentiful, he never made me a retrove, but would most assuredly have him by the head at the fall, when the Pheasant would lie stretched out at length and never stir feather. 
His nature not to string, if so caught.  If when I had drawn a covert, a Pheasant had gone to perch, he would come and sit near him, but not in that tree; put him out, he would take an order with him, he should never fall more, but when he had him by the head. It hath been said that he killed one old Cock that had beaten an excellent Goshawk of old Sir Robert Wroths, & Master Rainefords' hawk. I could never meet with any Pheasant that ever served me so; and I deliver this upon hearsay. Now your Hawk is thus coped, take a leather in all points fashioned like a bewet, put it about her hinder talent, and then button it 
The practice.  to her bewet, whereon her bell hangeth, and it will so hold up her talent that she cannot at all gripe with it, than she cannot sit upon a bough, hold a Partridge, and feed. For a plainer demonstration, make your leather in all points like your bewet, for the length, that you must make fit to hold up her talent in such place as you shall see cause, I advise you make it not too short, lest it should hinder her trussing a Partridge, and so be discomfited; cut a little slit in the midst of it, or nearer the button than the midst, as you do in the leather wherewith you couple your Spaniels, and as you fasten that about the ring of your couples, so fasten that about the talent of your Hawk, and so fastened, button it about the bewet, as you button the couples about the Spaniel's neck: Herein you are satisfied; let us now inquire for more ill properties.   

CHAP. VIII.  
How to reclaim a Hawk that will neither abide Horsemen, Strangers, Carts, Footmen or Women, and such like.  
LEt it be inquired how she came by this coyness, and why she should not endure all these, or any of these, as well as other Hawks: There can be nothing said for it, but that she hath not been well and orderly manned; then it should appear that well and orderly manning them should make them familiarly endure these or any of these, and so it will; but now it must be done by other means. You well understand the courses I have used in manning my hawks, which truly practised upon them, there shall no ill condition follow them: But when a hawk is but half made, than she falls from bad to worse, and so she is harder by much to be reclaimed than she was at the beginning, and will ask more tendance and respective care to hold her well at the second making, than a cast of hawks, wellmade, in their first handling. Before you begin to practise upon her let her be watched, and carried a day or two, when you have so done, if she have a good stomach, you may the sooner begin with her, and yet she may have a good stomach, but rammishnes will not suffer her to show it. There is nothing to be done with such a hawk, until by watching and manning she be brought to patience, which done, begin thus; find out some place where there is some great assembly either at bowls, or some such other exercise, and having her in crane's there, set her upon some man's fist, & let her jump to a catch, and thereupon dandle the time with her: This must be done many days, and many times in the day. I would be near some Market-town, where upon a Market-day I would find some convenient place, where Women with their Baskets, Horses with loads upon them, Carts with their carriage, variety of coloured Horses, and passingers-by in divers paces should come by her, there I would be sure to spend the whole day in playing with her in such manner upon the catch. If you will ask me how long she will be in making familiar with all these things, I say you will never do it, if so soon as you have ended your practice, you go and set her down to grow wilder, and be the second day as ill as she was at the first; but in the continuance hereof three or four days, and thy careful attendance over her day and night, will greatly prevail with her: I would not doubt but to make such a Hawk with my diligence and pain (using her as I have herein taught you) to sit upon the pelt in the Marketplace, nor fearing nor caring for any thing, (assidua stilla saxume xcavat) hath not God made all Creatures? have not wild Stags by watching & manning been driven like cattle upon the way? What is it that Man cannot effect, if he will thereunto apply himself? If one day will not serve the turn, take two; if not two, then ten, and twenty more, but I would have my travel satisfied with a sweet conclusion. There is something else to be thought upon, and therefore I will proceed.   

CHAP. IX.  
What course is to be taken with a Hawk that hath flown a Partridge, and will continually sit upon the ground at mark, and thereby is likely to beat out herself from her true flying, by missing of many flights.  
A Special care is to be had herein how you fly your Hawk, which must be as the Country is where you fly your Hawk, as thus; if it be in the Champion, than you must 
In the Champion fly far off.  let fly far from the Partridges, there she cannot lose sight of them, and yet it may be she shall not see the fall so well, but being far behind, if she be in strength and courage shoot up to a tree, for she is more than a dull-spirited Hawk, and I think there is not such a hawk will fly home a Partridge, but she will stir or hunt for it if she be near it at the fall, or soon learn to go to a tree, which I said before I would have you prevent, by flying far from the game, when she shall not be enticed by being near to them to fall upon the ground. If this please you not, go hawk in the woodland, and make choice to fly at such Partridges as will fly to a wood: Here your course must 
A contrary course in the Woodland.  be, not as you did in the Champion, but to fly as near them as may be, for fear, if she should be far behind, she should lose the sight of them, but being near, they then tempt her to fall in the wood upon the ground; then let her set and hunt until she be weary of so doing, be careful not to suffer a dog to go unto her, neither let her hear your voice at all; at length she will find that there is no good to be gotten by walking, and then she will up to a tree; now your own knowledge assureth you that 
It is the strength, and safety desired.  out of the wood the Partridges will not flicke, and that putting your dogs into the wood you shall be sure to show her a flight, wherewith if she fall again, I would without question let her alone until she should wish she had her supper: if in the woodland you shall sometime make her draw after you, and serve her with the 
Draw not near houses.  Spaniels, it will do her good; but the general practice will very quickly work wit in her. And thus much for this, having a little spoken of it before.   

CHAP. X.  
That the Tarsell is more prone to these ill conditions than the hawk, and how to reclaim him that will seek out for a Dove-house; with which fault I never knew Goshawk tainted.  
ALl my proceeding and direction hath been wholly intended for the reclaiming and making the hawk, which is all one for the Tarsell, who is to be practised upon for such faults in the same manner as is the Goshawk, but there is one vile quality that I have heard a Tarsell would often practise; wherewith I never yet knew Goshawk tainted, and whereunto a Tarsell would never fall, if he be handled in that form that I have set down. Some Tarsell after a Haggourtly or Rammish disposition, will upon the missing of a flight, not stay at 
The keeper's fault.  mark your coming to serve him; some other will sit fast until some stranger show himself, and then he is gone: These qualities follow ill manned hawks, as well as the Tarsell; this is nothing but wildness; want of true manning brought him unto this; & he is of this fault to be reform as is the hawk, by feeding often, and many times in the day amongst a multitude of people in crane's, upon a catch, where you must make a true practice, with feeding him from the hand: It may be said he will kill himself before he will be quiet in such an assembly, he must be then watched and carried bare-faste until he be so gentle, as that he will endure all company, and then upon the catch thou shalt make him so in love with thee, with thus using him upon it, as I have formerly set down that he will endure all things whatsoever. I have heard, but I think it was more than truth, that a Tarsell roiled from mark, and was that night taken in a dove-house earnestly feeding upon a Dove, twenty miles from the place from whence he was flown: It is beyond all understanding, that loving and knowing a dove-house well, as he did, he should travel so far before he should find one should please him, and this should be in a country that of my knowledge affordeth plenty of dove-cotes: But truth is, such was his fault, that upon every little discontent, he would so please himself; from which he is thus easily to be reclaimed, but be sure by watching and manning he be made very gentle before you begin thus to practise, then 
As gentle as a Parrot.  call him in crane's to a catch, as I have taught you to do a Goshawk that will house, feed him in the same manner, and call him until you find that he will come so soon as the catch is thrown out, it may be a dove that he loveth so well, but it is not much to the purpose what foul it be, although it be a Lewer well garnished, for he will soon fall in love with any thing wherewith he shall be so well pleased. When he is brought to that pass that he is truly in love with thee and the catch, comes readily, and will endure all company, then use him to draw after thee all times of the day, and take him down very often: I would advise that in the evening he might be called near unto a dove-house, where some of purpose should show and stir the Doves, that if he went into the house, one of your company, rather than yourself, might be quickly with him, having in a readiness prepared a box filled with beaten Pepper, and where he hath broken the Dove, strew Pepper abundantly, and so have a care that so soon as he shall bare a new place, that you presently ply that place with strewing more pepper, which will soon make him dislike such and so hot a diet, and make him so much the more to love him who shall or hath so kindly used him. I would show myself a little negligent, and not with much haste to take him down, when he were so near that he loveth so well, for now you are so near him, as you would quickly be with him to give unto him more than he would eat, and thereby make him out of love with a Dove-house. It may be said this is the next way to kill him; no, he will cast his gorge, wherein there is no danger or cause of fear; when a Hawk casteth his gorge upon dislike of his meat; for sometimes the lying of a bone awry will make him cast his meat, or part of it: but if a hawk casteth his gorge, and the meat stinketh, this is of an other cause, he is then sick, his stomach cannot digest what nature desireth, and so the continuing thereof, with a desire to put it over and cannot, putrefieth the meat and stinketh, and maketh that hawk in a desperate estate. Your serving your Tarsell thus shall not affect any such matter, but he will find a difference between such a distasteful supper, and a sweet pleasing breakfast, which I would advise should the next morning be given in Cranes, where the sweet hand and kind dealing with him upon the catch will stay him or any hawk from roiling. When he is thus made, keep him so, and that must be with continual familiarity: If I thought a hawk so gentle and familiar could be drawn by any means from her keeper, than I would set down another course, which although you shall never have need of, I will set down. When he is at the height of this familiarity, cut out of either wing three of his best flying feathers, and put to his heels a knocking pair of bells, and so train him when his want of power will hinder his desire to travail further, than you may with ease follow him; and I would wish you to follow him so as he should not see it, but be continually thirty or forty score from him, and sometimes give him your voice. If you find him not inclined to hear you (which should be more strange to me then any thing belonging to a hawk, if he be made gentle and in crane's welcoming as aforesaid) then get one with you that may follow him, but never offer to take him down, but let him be as near the Tarsell as may be, who when he the hawk removeth, by his voice he may give you knowledge thereof, when I would advise you to give him your voice, and call him, but go no nearer unto him. When it groweth to that hour that you think he will remove no more, then let a live Dove, by him that is with him, be thrown out in a pair of crane's, and so soon as he hath it, let him be bestowed upon his fist, until he cometh home, where let him fast until you go to bend; then for his supper give him a set of stones and knots, (the number and size I will deliver hereafter, with their profits:) The next morning carry him abroad with you an hour before you call him, then let him go at liberty: You have your friend if need be to follow him, whereof there shall be no need; then let him see you kill and pull off the feathers of a Pigeon, and before you call he will come so soon as you throw out the catch, and if he could speak, thank you. When you have made him such as you would have him, then put in his feathers again, which I hope were so carefully cut out, and well preserved in a book until you should have this use for them, that he may be better imped with his own feathers than it is possible to imp a hawk with any other than his own, and he will not fly one pin the worse. I cannot in my understanding think of any other fault that my Hawk hath, and therefore hereof I must of necessity leave further to speak; and so proceed with my cures, which follow in this third and last Treatise.   
FINIS.   

THE THIRD TREATISE, OF Hawks and Hawking: Wherein is contained Cures for all known Diseases; all which have been practised by myself, more upon worthy men's Hawks that have been sent unto me, then upon any of my own.  

First, for the beak, mouth, eyes, head, and throat, and of the several griefs there breeding and offending.  
IN the Beak there is a dry Canker, whereof I have little desire to write, because it is so common, and the cure as easy; but to him that knoweth it not, this shall give him sufficient understanding: That it showeth itself white in that part of the Beak where it is, it may have a crack or flaw in it before you shall discover it, under that white it eateth into the beak. With a knife pair the white off so far and so deep as it hath eaten into the beak: with a piece of glass new broken you may scrape it, and make it more smooth than you can with a Knife. After you have fashioned the beak so well as you can, wash it either with the juice of a Lemon, or with a little Wine-vinegar, and it will require to be no oftener dressed.   

A Medicine for the wet Canker in the mouth or Beak, which will eat into her eyes and brain, (and unless it be killed) it will soon kill her: And this is more common with the long-winged than the short winged Hawk: This of my own practice, and how dangerous soever it shall appear to him that hath not made use thereof, believe me, in the administering thereof there is nothing but safety.  
TAke Aqua fortis, you shall have it at the Goldsmiths, for there is most use made of it; there is some of it made more strong than other, but how strong or weak soever it be, you shall qualify them in this manner.  
Have in a readiness a porringer of spring-water, and a feather in it, then pour some of your Aqua fortis into the deep side of an Oyster-shell, where you shall see it presently boil, as if it were over a fire, and would soon eat through the Oyster-shell, take your feather in the spring-water, and therewith of the same water, drop into the Aqua fortis that is boiling, by drops, drop after drop, until you shall see it leave seething, then for your use put it into a viol, and we call it Aqua fortis qualified. Now you are provided of Aqua fortis in his vigour and strength, and you have it also qualified. For the Canker, I would advise you to take the most speedy and most sure course to kill it: And therefore for cure thus proceed: With a quill made fit for the turn, search the sore well, and take off the roof (that covereth and groweth fast to the sore,) as clean as may be; and lest the bleeding shall hinder the true search, have in a readiness a stick with a little clout tied to the end, which wet in fair water, you may therewith wipe away the blood sometimes, whereby you may the better see what you have done to the sore; you may perhaps find a little core feeding within the sore, pull and get out of it as much as is possible, and then having a little stick, with a little clout, to the bigness of a small Pease fastened to the end thereof, and wet in the Aqua fortis, and not to have it otherwise then wet, not that it shall drop; herewith do but touch the sore once or twice that it may be wet, and it will soon kill it: Dress it once in four and twenty hours; and if it be not in a very desperate estate when you begin therewith, twice or thrice dressing shall be the most it shall need; and if the core shall be at the first taken clean out, it will not ask more dressing: You may feed within one hour, or an hour and a half after she is thus dressed.   

A Medicine for the Frounce, whereunto the long-winged hawk is much more subject than is the short-winged Hawk.  
I Have heard many men of this opinion, that the Frounce & Canker are all one; and such they were as held themselves very skilful: But such as have skill & judgement know that they were deceived in their opinions. The Frounce proceeding out of a heat and dryness in the body, or of a bruise, and it followeth most your fresh Haggard. Although the sore-Hawke or Tarsell is not free, but are upon heats subject to that infirmity, the older a Hawk is she is the more hot & dry; and you shall have suddenly grow upon an old Haggart, although she be well kept, for it will grow upon that Hawk soonest that is of a fretful disposition. A Faulconour of judgement will hereupon work to seek out means to amend the cause, and then 
Heat and dryness.  every small matter will cure the grief, when it is but little and new bred. I have know it killed with washing her mouth with the juice of lemon, and so giving her stones out of the same juice; this worketh as well in the body as the mouth: But Aqua fortis to be used for the Frounce, as I have directed for a Canker, is beyond all other receipts.   

Otherwise for the Frounce.  
TAke of your Aqua fortis that is qualified, and with a quill made for that purpose, take off the scab or roof from the sore, then with a stick and a cloth at the end thereof, well wet in your qualified water wash the sore: and although there be so much water as some of it doth go into her body, I have found no hurt but profit thereby; for without doubt it hath had an extraordinary working in her body, without making any show of sickness, but there hath come from her drossy mutes that have stood full of bubbles: I have herewith recovered Hawks troubled with a sore Frounce, and made them sound.   

An approved medicine for the Frounce, that is to be had in every Town.  
TAke a piece of good Roche-Allum, and burn it leisurely, and then pound it to as fine powder as may be, then take a little English Honey, and a little of the powder, let them be wrought together with a knives point, and then your Hawk cast, and the scab clean taken away to the bottom, (fear not to make it bleed, which you may wipe away as you are formerly taught) and this receipt clapped upon it, without doubt with less than six times dressing, it shall kill it; and let it be dressed once in four and twenty hours; let her not be fed in two hours after she is dressed. I could set down forty common receipts more for this grief, and all needless, for any one of these three last shall kill any Frounce. I would not have set down this last receipt butthat Aqua fortis is not to be had in every place.   

A remedy for the kernels whereunto the long-winged hawk is not subject, but it followeth much the short-winged hawk.  
THe kernels begin and breed under the eye, between the eye and chap, outwardly appearing, and will very soon show itself as big & long as the half of an ordinary bean, and will soon grow greater and swell up the eye, and kill her if it be not prevented. For cure thereof do thus, lance the place swollen longways, and with a quill take out the kernels as you can, they are white as kernels in cattle, (but I pray understand) that they are of a very small size; without any danger you may cut the hole large enough, seeth some spring water, and when it hath sod, put into it a piece of Roach-Allum, and some English-honey, let it seeth no more, but let the ingredients dissolve therein; then having a linen clothe fastened to the end of a stick, wet in the water, the water not being otherwise then the cold taken off, wash the place very clean within, and then put into it some powder of burnt Alum; you shall need to put your Alum into it but once, and once it must be, otherwise it will be in four and twenty hours closed up again, and show itself healed, and so the kernels increase again, and very soon be as ill as it was at the first; but the Alum once applied, and the place washed three mornings together, fear it not, for it is cured and sound.   

There is a disease in the head of some, called Vertego, it is a swimming of the brain, and thus followeth the cure.  
THis grief is very dangerous, and it appeareth too plainly, for very seldom the hawk holdeth still her head, but continually putteth her head over her shoulder, and so letteth it fall to his proper place again, it proceedeth of a cold cause in the body. Take a quantity of Butter out of the Churn, do not wash it, take a Glove of the middle size, and as much Mace, let them be bruised, not beaten, and sap them in a little of your Butter, to the bigness of a stone, such as you gave that hawk; (although it it be very large it will be a casting lit-little enough) put it into a fine piece of Lawn, and then tie it fast; give it unto your hawk, and after it, give unto her, her supper; in the morning she will cast the Lawn again, with the Clove and Mace therein, the Butter passing through her, then give unto her a clove of sodden Garlic. And because every man hath not made use thereof, I will therefore set down the manner how to seethe it, for it is very profitable for very great uses; take the cloves out of the head, but do not pill them, seeth them in fair water, & with a spoon feel of them very often, lest they over seeth, for they must be soft, and yet no softer, but that if your Hawk will not take them in meat, they may be put into her without breaking, but now the husk and thin white film must be taken off, give unto her, her breakfast before, or therewith, she will not only indew it, but that will work good digesture for her other meat; at night give her Butter, Clove & Mace again, as aforesaid, and so every night, and every third morning a clove of sodden Garlic, until she be cured, keep her warm and continually hooded, if she will not sit quietly let her be maled up.   

The Pin in the throat a most desperate and uncurable disease, I have never heard of a long winged hawk troubled therewith, but I have known many short-winged hawks killed with it.  
THis disease is plainly discovered, for upon any bate she will heave & blow, and rattle in the throat. In my very friends house, I found a Goshawk at that pass, it is ten years since, and they did not perceive it until that day; my advise was desired, which I delivered, and thus put in practice; they did cause presently some Butter to be made, which I took, not washing it; but I laped or nointed a wing feather of a Hen therewith, and so twice or thrice in a day put it up and down her wind pipe, and twice or thrice at a time. Whether this was the Pin, or no, I know not, or the Pin breeding; but I am sure that in three or four days the Hawk did well, without any other thing administered. And by others it was thought to be the Pin. One Sparhawke had the Pin this last year in her soreage, and I told her Master of the happy proceeding I had with the Goshawk, and he did practise the same: But I believe he rather put the feather which was but small into the throat, then into the windpipe, for within one fortnight or ten days after it begun, she died thereof.  
One other Goshawk was brought unto me in her rufter-hoode, to be made flying, as he said that brought her, she had been drawn three weeks, and for a fortnight & more she had taken every night a casting; the Hawk I knew for her goodness & good conditions could not be bettered. I was glad of her coming, my house being full of my friends: I imparted so much unto them in the evening, having formerly been well acquainted with her good conditions, I pulled off her hood, after awhile sitting quietly she made a stout bate, but so soon as she had done so, she gaped, and rattled so in the throat, as that she might easily be heard into the next room. If this were not the Pin, than no hawk hath the Pin; but the sight hereof did very much perplex me. To be rid of her I could not, for her Master was ridden into the Country a hawking journey, as his own letter that day sent did testify: Seeing in what desperate estate the hawk was in, I would willingly have given forty shillings I had not meddled with her; He was a worthy Knight that ought her, and to him I stood bound for many former kind gifts, which was in truth the most especial cause that increased my grief, rather fearing her death, then hoping for life. The next day by some occasion there were two Knights, both of them very judicious Austringers, and two Gentlemen of the same family, though dwelling ten miles a sunder, and divers others; all which, for my cold comfort, said she was a hawk not to be recovered. Then I practised upon her in this manner: First, I put on her rufter-hoode again, and then with a large feather lapped about with butter, I did twice or thrice together, and three times in a day put up and down her throat, (I pray you remember that it was butter out of the Churn, & not washed.) Whilst I was in this practice, I must tell you that she did not thereupon leave her rattling in the throat at all, but it did increase a while after she was dressed, and made a greater noise; and great reason for it, for she had in her dressing strived very much, and now labouring in the body, her throat full of butter, she must needs make the noise the greater, which after she stood still a while and was quiet, she never made show of: After a weeks practice thus, I tied two feathers together, in such manner, as some Arrows and Bolts for Crolbowes have their feathers lapped about, then did I clip off half the deep side of the feather, and being dry, I put that into her windpipe, putting it up and down, and turning it round, insomuch that the feather was bloody, (it troubled me much, but the cure being desperate, I thus followed on my practice, I confess I never had that experience before) I had then two other feathers lapped together with silk as the other two were, about and into which I had laped and wrought, the powder of burnt Alum and English Honey, prepared as I taught you for the Frounce, and with that I did well rub her windpipe up and down once a day, for three days together, and so left, knowing that it had wrought much in so short a time upon a sore Frounce. I continued this Hawk one week longer in her hood, when she gave me assured knowledge that she had no Pin, neither would she blow for one bate, or two, or thrce, if they were not great, and for that blowing I do not think it was the Pantise, but rather a faintness and weakness after her sickness, as it is very commonly approved amongst ourselves after a long sickness; and her disease was none of the lea●●: I met with the messenger that brought her unto me, (within one week after I had her) unto whom I imparted my grief for the hawk, when he did confess unto me she had met with two or three mischances, by scratching of her hood before she came unto me, which might be a cause of breeding the Pin, which being the greater grief, would not suffer the lesser to be seen until that was cured, which was the Pantise, if it so prove: You have herein heard my opinion; but for the Pantise I cannot meddle with, for therein my discourse would prove very tedious, as to deliver the cause thereof, etc. I should compare it to the Tissicke in a man or woman, or to a Horse, which some say is broken-winded, and I should contrary that opinion: And although I should have many against me, yet I should have many maintain my opinion. And thus I leave that undiscoursed of, because it would prove very tedious to set down the reasons, pro & contra. But for this uncurable disease, I am persuaded, that if it shall be rubbed with two dry feathers, lapped together and clipped, as I have before said, 
See the Frounce Capt.  and afterward to wet them in Aqua fortis that is qualified, and so thrust the feather up and down her throat, I must needs think it should eat away the Pin, and cure it, having had so good experience of the working thereof, which doth confirm my opinion, and not to danger the Hawk: Admit it should endanger her life, she can be in no greater danger than the Pin putteth her in. I leave the use thereof to your own consideration.   

An excellent medicine for a lash in the eye.  
TAke white Sugar-Candy, burn it as you burn your Alum, then bruise or beat it to a very fine powder, and thereof morning and evening put some of it into her eye, let her be always hooded, until she be well, which will be in a very short time; yea, although a film begin to grow over it, because it hath not been looked unto in time; yet rest assured it will cure it.   

A Medicine for a salt or hot humour that runneth out of the eye, and scaldeth all the feathers from that part under the eye, and maketh it bare.  
THis disease will make the one eye seem bigger than the other, and at all times seem to be full of water, it may be both the eyes be in that ill estate, the often wiping of the eye against the wing, putteth off the feathers, and maketh the eye the worse. For cure, take the stalk of Fennel and cut it off at one joint, and into that part of the stalk which you leave long, being stopped with the joint at the other end, you shall put or fill with the powder of white sugar-candy, very finely pounded, and then with wax make very close that end, and so do three or four, and then bury them in the earth two or three days, and your powder will be dissolved into fine water, which you shall drop into your hawks eye, or your own, if you shall have need: It is approved very good.   

For the same otherwise.  
TAke a piece of Gum-draggon, and let it lie in three or four spoonfuls of spring-water, until it dissolve and grow soft, then drop of that water into the eye; it is very good for ourselves if we have need.   

For a snurt or cold in the head of any hawk, it is most properly to be learmed thus in long-winged hawks, for short-winged hawks the Rye, and yet they differ.  
I Have known Falcons that have been washed at the brook in cold and frosty weather, or so wet with rain, that thereupon they have been so troubled with a cold in the head, as that in a month or six weeks they could not be brought again to true flying: The Rye in a short-winged will grow as well upon her, and sooner, by being ill kept without tiring or plumage, or by being in poverty, as through cold or wet. Notwithstanding she is the tenderer hawk; yet if she be full of flesh and have natural means, good and warm diet, with plumage and tiring enough, and kept warm, she will soon outgrow it; but for the Falcon and such like, a wild Primrose root dried in the Oven after the bread is drawn, and made so dry as that it may be beaten to a fine powder, and so blown into her Nares, will very soon break it▪ If you will take the leaves, be sure they be of the wild primrose in the field or wood, stamp & strain out the juice and put some of it into her Nares, and it shall work the like effect. It shall not be idleness for me to deliver, nor yet unprofitable for you to hear; that one did lie in his bed so troubled with pain in the head, that upon the least motion or stirring he would cry out in such manner, as that he showed he suffered much torment. I was talking to one of this receipt for my hawk, where upon the party's petitions were so piercing, as that there must be no denial but that some leaves should be sought for and gotten, and which was done, the juice taken out, I think he did snuff up into his nose one spoonful, but he was for half an hour after so tormented, as that I for my part wished that I had never spoken of the receipt, but that little season so borne out, the party was presently as well as ever he was in his life; this was sudden and this was strange, administer neither of these to your hawk but when she is empty, and feed not too soon after it, but be sure to keep her warm; for otherwise her powers being so open, she is more apt to increase the cold she hath already taken then to break it.   

A medicine for the Mites, some hawks have been so ill looked unto, that they have not only been troubled about the beak and eyes, but the nicks of the wings and hinder parts of them have been eaten to the quick.  
HIs judgement should much fail him that will not think that hawks so ill furnished have been neither cleanly kept nor carefully looked unto; by both which means a hawk may have them, and they are soon gotten from the perch or block where an other hawk hath sat that have had the mites: If they be timely discovered, and that they have not overrun the whole body, Aqua vite and Stavesacre will kill them, only rubbing her Nares therewith when you set her down for all night, and so will Vinegar and Stavesacre.  
The juice of Hearbe-grasse, the leaves stamped and strained, and the parts offended about the head rubbed therewith, when you go to take your rest, is as good as any of the rest: Take heed where you set your hawk, for if she sit by a hawk that hath the Mites, she will too soon find that she hath met with too many ill neighbours. Master bachelor that was Master of all the Falconers by Paul's, to whom my love then was such as that I could speak much good of him now; he I say had a sparhawk, all her body overrun with such vermin, which he could destroy by no means until he did undertake this course; He got Staves-acre, and beat it small, and then boiled it in fair water, making it strong, and then strained it gently through a fine cloth, suffering none of the Stavesacre to go through; and in that he did well wash his hawk; and when he had her out of the water, helapped herupin a Lamb's skin that was made warm and ready for that purpose, and therein kept her until she was very near dry, when having another skin warmed, he put that about her, and so continued two hours, into which Lambs skins the vermin did run, and so the hawk was made clean and freed from her death.   

A receipt beyond all other, to take out the Lime out of a Hawks feathers.  
TAke Neates-foote oil, any oil else will never be gotten out of the feathers, and anoint the place limed therewith; that done, draw the web of the feather even as it groweth from the quill, between the flesh of your forefinger and the nail of your thumb; with the nail never leave working, until therewith you have drawn the Lime clean out, and then you shall find the feather look with as good a gloss as any of the rest, and stand smooth as you draw them.   

A receipt to be given to a Hawk that bloweth, and is short or thicke-winded.  
I Was once asked by one of my friends what was good for such an infirmity, I told him the tops of Rosemary leisurely dried between two warm Tiles, either made warm, and set upon hot embers to continue them so; or in an Oven, so soon as the bread was taken out; and when they were so well dried as that they would be beaten to a fine powder, to give of the powder in good abundance to his hawk with her meat. I made it known unto him that this was taught me by one that was an ancient and skilful Austringer; and withal told him, that I had made no use thereof, neither could I allege a reason why it should be good; As he was a Faulconour, so was he a Cocke-master, and he told me he had made use of it in such manner for his Cocks; since when, for a hawk so troubled I have made proof of, and found it very profitable.   

A Medicine for the Worms, wherewith all creatures (I think, as well as Hawks) are troubled.  
FLos sulphuris given in her meat is very good, and so is Corolinum, otherwise called Sea-mosse dried, and in powder given the Hawk with her meat. pulvis contra vermis is to be had at some Pothecaries, given with her meat in the morning, she will not at all fly the worse at night. Lavender-cotten, minced and made into a pill with butter, and rolled up in Sugar, is good. Castings of wormwood, and sanctuary are very good. Sodden Garlic in my practice is better than any of these. There can no better thing be given to a long-winged hawk for the Fillenders; if so, it must then be granted, nothing can help digesture better. You shall find how it is sodden in the Chapter for the disease in the head. I have given every night a Clove to a short-winged hawk, six nights together. Wormseed given with meat, or Wormeseede with Aloes, Butter, and two or three chives of Saffron given in a pill, is very good. And I think so are a hundred more medicines for this disease; and there are more Hawks die hereof, then of all other diseases beside.   

A Medicine or Pill to be given to Hawk that hath the Worms, whereof I make the best allowance.  
TAke English-Honie and clarify it, take off the scum with a feather when it hath boiled a little, and then it is clarified; let it boil leisurely until it groweth so stiff as that you may make it up in pills, which you shall thus approve; take a little out of it upon a knives point, and drop it upon a Trencher, when it is cold you shall see whether it be stiff enough, or no; then beat some wormseed and put into it, and so make it up in pills. I will tell you how I do use to give them; I lap them up in a single white paper, of the thinnest paper I can get, and then I put therein my pill, and tie the paper close about with a third. I am very careful not to touch the outside of the paper, after I have handled the pills before I wash, for fear she should take any dislike in the taste. I put it into so thin a paper that it may the sooner dissolve; for if it be in a thick paper that will not so soon take moisture. (I have approved both) and then if she offer to cast it, she may with so strong paper cast all: Which to prevent, if I know any thing my Hawk will dislike, I show her that, it will be a means to make her keep it; otherwise I will have in a readiness a wing of some Fowl, wherewith I will tend her, sometimes with showing it, and sometimes suffering her to plume, by which means you shall have your pill or pills work kindly. You may give two as big as a small Hazellnut to a Goshawk, one to a Tarsell; it is a good scouring, besides the benefit of kill Worms. I have heard very experienced Austringers say, that there is no killing of Worms with any such receipt as I have mentioned; but their advice is to beat a small flintstone to small pummis, and to give it her with her meat: And this they say must first break the bed of Worms, and then any of these receipts will kill them. I cannot understand where these worms should lie, that must have this help, and without which the other cannot profit. I have seen a small grub worm in long-winged hawks, and especially in the blank Tarsels, that have been muted daily, sometimes two, sometimes three, and sometimes four in a mute and more. And to kill these I have laboured, but I will never approve it more, for I cannot do it; and beside, I think they rather benefit a hawk then do any hurt: For I flew a Tarsell so troubled all his soreage, and when he was an entermewer, until after Christmas at the Cock, he was a very high flyerthat years remain; & three years after he was a lead Hawk at the Brook in Leicester-shiere, and all this time had these worms, and he was called by that name Worms. I am put in mind of giving a Hawk Brimstone, by speaking of the pounded flint, and I have very often approved it, to give it in this manner to any hawk, broken like small gravel, & at night give it with her meat, & she will in the morning bring it up in her casting: It will help greatly to clean a Hawk, and breed a good stomach. There is not so common a disease followeth a hawk as the worms, and I have found them in most feathered Fowls, but never any within the bowels, but in the body most abundantly, and without all doubt the backe-worme, if a man were certain his Hawk were so diseased, both the pill and sodden Garlic with continuance would destroy it.   

A receipt for a Hawk that hath lost her courage, and joyeth not, or is low in flesh.  
TAke a wild and a well-fleshed house Dove, and draw out a wing, you know what to pair away, and how to prepare it fit for your Hawk: Take a new-layed egg, whilst it is warm, and warm a Porringer or Pewter-dish against the fire, then break the egg, and put the yolk thereinto, let it be broken a little with a spoon, and then draw your meat through it, and as your Hawk is feeding, with a feather lay on more. I would have this so quickly done, as that the Dove nor Egg should lose but little of their natural heat, & by making it more hot you make it worse than the losing of the heat. Use this but two or three mornings, & you shall find your Hawk grow bravely upon you. For a hawk to be proud and full of flesh, is but a spur or whetstone to put her into all ill conditions if she be wild: But let her be gentle and not wild, she is able to kill any thing that is fit to be flown unto.   

Another receipt very good for the same purpose.  
TAke a pound of Beef of a young beast, or more Beef if you will, make it very clean, not leaving either fat or string therein: You may the better do it because the Beef must be sliced very thin, which when it is so sliced, and well picked, lay it in a still, and put thereto as much Claret wine, of the best high Country wine you can get, as may cover the Beef, put thereto one or two ounces of white Suger-Candy, beaten to fine powder, and then still them together, but let the still be very temperately kept, and through this you may often draw your Hawks meat.   

How to draw a water that is cooling, and the property thereof is to kill any unnatural heat in the mouth or body, it is a great cleanser, and increaseth breath; it will keep the body in good temper, and help the body distempered with heat.  
I Would gladly set down every thing so plainly, as that there might neither be question made of my meaning, nor that there should be any thing mistaken, for want of a true description. Prim, of some called Prim-privet, it is that which is planted in some Orchards, and in some Gardens, to beautify the walls, and is kept with cutting, it doth carry a white flower, which when they are blown, I would have cleanly picked, taking nothing but the flower, let not your fire be kept overrash or overhot, but let them be carefully distilled, and then put it into a glass until you have use of it, no hawk will dislike the taste of the water, and the water thus stilled hath a very good smell, but it leaveth a most stinking Still. If you shall give her this water with her meat, you shall find admirable profit therein: It is very good wherewith to ensayme a hawk of any kind, for a long-winged hawk that is in summer flown to the field, there never was or can be used any thing better, it is most true that in giving something to heat the stomach, you may therewith over-heate the liver; and it is so for the liver, give something to cool that, and so you may over-coole or kill the stomach. But there is such an excellent property in this water, as notwithstanding it cooleth the liver, yet it bettereth the stomach, the use of this water will prevent many diseases, for infirmities and sickness do continually follow such hawks, as are not cleanly fed; but flown fowl before they be well ensaymed, it will keep thy Goshawk and Tarsell in continual health, if you be careful in the ensayming of them, and not flying of them before they be clean; If you will not be careful, but thy overhasty desire of sport, shall make thee fly them before they be fit to fly; than you shall have from them for a little season some sport, but then the conclusion will be confusion: to be weak and sickly is the best hope can be had of a hawk het or flown before she be clean, but to be het or flown when she is more than foul, so soon as cold weather doth come, be assured of the Pantise, and other diseases which will fall into her feet and legs, and then as good pull off her head as keep her. I know not any man that hath had the use thereof but myself, and I have used it, this sixteen or seventeen years, and I did never impart to any man, but one Knight what it was, who to my knowledge did never cause it to be drawn.   

A very excellent medicine for a dangerous bruise, presently to be given after the hurt.  
TAke English honey and clarefie it, and so soon as you have so done, before it boileth any more put into it half so much stone-pitch or something less than there is honey, and then let it boil again: It shall not need to boil long, because the pitch will make it strong and fast enough to make up in pills; as soon as you can, give her a large pill thereof, and although she fast above twelve hours after the receiving, it is the better: I pray let me make all plain unto you, for this is worthy to be had in good estimation, both of the Falconer and Austringer. It is a practice of my own devising; and thus I used the same: I have had divers Tarsells flying at the Cock, so hurt themselves that they have not been able to stand or hold up a wing, I have presently maled them, to keep them warm until I came home, (I tell you this because you shall understand that it is very dangerous to let them take cold before the receipt of this pill or pills, for making of them something less, you may give two,) when I came home, I would keep her still maled up, lest she should catch cold until I had made her pills ready, when I would not yet unmale her if I found it a dangerous bruise, but keep her so all night or day, and I would be sure that when I did unmale her to feed, or to see how she could stand, it should be in a very warm Chamber, where there should be a good fire.  
I did fly a Goshawk that was not my own, for which hawk I was offered forty pounds, I could not, and her Master would not sell her; the next year she had such a bruise upon her body against a small tree, not much bigger than my leg, crossing to catch a Pheasant-Cocke, that she lay there to the beholders dead, and there she had been dead but that this accident happened very near unto one that was with me, when I came unto her I saw her eyes stir a little, I opened her mouth, and put my finger down her throat, she stirred no part of her body, I lapped her up in a goodfellows jerkin that was with me, and so I carried her under my arm to a house two miles from thence, I found she had life in her, & then I had hope; I gave her two pills, such as I have formerly spoken of, she did lie so lapped up at the least sixteen hours, and when I did unmale her to see her strength, she was very unable to stand, and hardly able to offer to stand, I fed very short, but with my care in one week I delivered her to her Master, with some directions; in all the time I had her after her bruise she never cast any meat, but after I parted from her, she would once in three or four meals cast part or all of her meat, my consent was asked when I came thither, that her 
Consulecum vinis.  head might be pulled off, I would not yield to that: but upon easy terms I took her home with me.  
In the Strand I met with that worthy Baron who before had made means to buy her, and he asked me, if I would not help him to that Goshawk; I told him truly in what desperate case she was in, and all the truth. He said you will recover, you will recover that; I promised if she did recover, he should have her, and at Easter-tearme (she receiving her hurt, near Shrovetide) I did deliver her a very sound hawk, and I had for her thirty pounds, and her well-proving was worth twenty pounds more unto me. One other Goshawk I recovered, that wanted not much of her danger, and her Master sold her in Sussex for fifteen or sixteen pounds, and a young Goshawk clean mewed out of the mew. I dare write no untruth, for this must be over-viewed by the actors: what shall I need to set down any more for this, knowing this to be so approved good? and which maketh it the more excellent, it is to be had in every place, so is neither Parmasite, nor Mumma, I could mention more but all worthless in respect: If you will give any thing else, let it be Mumma beaten into powder and so given with her meat, you shall find it in the morning in her casting, and it is very good where the other is unknown.   

A receipt for a wound or hurt taken either by a Dog, or the claws of a Hare, or otherwise.  
Have a special care that the wind or cold enter not into the wound before you have wherewith to dress it; If it be where you can have sovereign Balm, there is nothing better, that is to be had but in few places: And therefore for want thereof, take a quantity of Spring-water, and let it seeth, then take it from the fire, and put into it a piece of Roche-Allum, and some English-Honey, and so let them dissolve in the water, the water being bloud-warme; therewithal wash the sore, it will keep it clean from putrefying, and heal it, but still be careful that it doth not take cold.   

A medicine for the Cray.  
THis grief proceedeth of a hot & dry cause, and it is a dainty cure. Haws distilled, and the meat drawn through the water is very good. To draw your hawks meat through Cowes-milke warm from the Cow, is very good, and so approved.   

Another for the same.  
Milk from the Cow distilled is excellent good for that grief; but thus followeth the discommodity, it cooleth and hurteth the stomach. I have known this water used for the stone, but the discommodity was soon found. But if you will distill a pint and half of milk, and withal an ounce of white Suger-Candy finely pounded, it will rectify all, it hindereth not its property for the Cray, and yet it doth now comfort the stomach.   

Another for the same, and the best of any for the same.  
I Have known some pare the end of a Candle to a small quantity, and so put it into her tewel gently▪ and it hath done good. But I use Castle-sope, and thereof cut a piece an inch long in manner of a Supposita, and so put it up, and so leave it, this is very good: But withal I have pared a little of such Soap, and conveyed it into the gut of a Fowl, being very careful of the cleanly doing it, not knowing whether the taste might offend, or no; so done, I cast my Hawk, and put it down, and then I feed upon it, to make her the better to put it over; this with the Supposita will so open & make glib the passages, that you shall soon find amendment in your Hawk.   

Otherwise for the same.  
I Was taught to put up in the manner of a glister oil of Roses, with a Syrren.   

A receipt for a strain or bruise in the foot.  
TAke a handful of Mallows, and boil them either with Neates-foot-oyle, Goose-grease, Capons-grease, or Hogs-grease, when they are well boiled, strain them through a cloth, and then mingle with them good Aquavite, and let them boil all together a little, and therewith anoint the place.   
FINIS.