DIALOGVES CONTAINING ALL THE MOST USEFUL WORDS of the Latin tongue.  
And A LATIN ORATION CONCERNING THE way of learning, and teaching the Latin and Greek tongues.  
Written by john Posseted.  
And word for word for the most part construed out of Latin into English.  
LONDON, Printed by Edward Allde, and are to be sold by Christ-Church greater South door. 1623.   

LIbellus a little book familiarium of familiar colloquiorum dialogues (or communications) graecè in Greek et and Latínè in Latin, auctus increased, et and recognitus revised. Accessit there hath been added et also utìlis a profitable dialògus dialogue de of rectè rightly instituenda ordering ratióne the manner (or way) studiórum of studies. Item and also oratio an oration de of ratione the way (or manner) discendae of learning ac and docendae of teaching latinae the latin et and graecae the Greek linguae tongue. johanne John Posselio Posselius authóre being the author. Excúsum printed Londíni at London in in officína in the shop societátis of the company bibliopolárum of the book fellers (or Stationers.)  
FOrmùlae fashions (or manners or little forms) salutandi of saluting et and precandi of praying for (or wishing) benè well. Obseruande O reverend Doctor teacher Salue hail you (or be you safe, or God speed you.) Ornatìssìme O most adorned (or very honourable) vir man salve hail you. Clarissìme O most ren●wned domìne sir, salve hail you. Frater O brother salve hail you plurìmum very much (or most of all.) Condiscipùle O schoolfellow (or fellow learner) salve ha●le you. Condiscipùli O schoolfellows saluéte hail ye. Responsio the answer. Et and salve hailo tu you. Salve hail you similìter likewise. Gaudeo I am glad te that you advenisse have come (or approached) salvum safe. jucundus pleasant, est is mihi to me tuus your (or thy) adventus coming, redìtus return. Habeo I have (or give) gratiam thankes tibi to you. Precor I pray Deum God ut that reddat he make hanc this diem day foelícem happie tibi to you. Responsio the answer. Et and precor I wish idem the same thing tibi to you. Precor I wish tibi to you foelícem an happy noctem night. Precor I wish tibi to you placìdam quiet (or gentle) quiétem rest, Respousio the answer. Charissìme O most dear Paul Paul precor I wish et also talem such tibi to you. Prosit let profit (or would that may profit) tibi you Balneum the Bath. Deus God fortúnet prosper tuam your lavatiónem washing. Responsio the answer. Habeo I give (or yield) tibi to you gratiam thankes. Tua your precatio prayer (or wishing) est is grata acceptable mihi to me. Vale farewell felicìter happily. Et and tu you benè well optìmè very well (or best of all) feliciter happily vale farewell. Valéte far ye well. Formùlae fashions (or rules) invitandi of inviting ad to convivium a banquet. Salve hatle Praeceptor Master. Praeceptor the master. Salve hatle et also tu thou 〈◊〉 O my puer boy. discipùle scholar. Petre Peter. puer the boy. Meus my pater father rogat requesteth te you ut that apud with se him prandeas you dine coenes you supp● hora at (or in) the hour decìma tenth vodecìma eleventh, quinta fift, sexta sixth, (or at ten a clock etc.) Meus my domìnus master petit traveth or desireth a of te you, ut that sis you be suus his conuíus guest in in (or at) prandio dinner coena supper. Pater the father, abi go (or depart) thou advocátum to call; adductum to bring conuívas the guests Puer the boy. Abeo I go (or depart) Pater O. father. Domine Master (or ur) vado. I go. Fiet it shall be done. Curabitur it shall be regarded (or cared for.) Sis salvus be safe (or hail) humanissìme most courteous domine sir praeceptor master or teacher. Responsio the answer. Mi my puer boy sis bee tu thou salvus safe quoque also. Puer the boy. Meus my pater father herus Lord (or master) expectat expecteth tuam your humanitátem gentleness. Ea it, ubi when as volet it shall please (or be willing) veniat let (or may) come add unto prandium dinner caenam supper. Eximie excellent domine master Doctor Doctor omnes all conuívae the guests jam now (or already) adsunt are present expectant they stay for te you unum only et and nisi unless expectárent they did tarry for te you jam now (or forthwith) accumbèrent they would sit down. Ideo therefore rogant they request te you ut that accédas you come ad vnto prandium dinner, comum supper. Immìnet there is very nie instat there is at hand hora the hours quinta fifth, sexta sixth, decima tenth undecìma eleventh: Tempus the time prandendi of dining, coenandi of supping adest is present (or at hand.) Invitáti the invited adsunt are present pro before (or at) forìbus the door (or doros.) Dac lead (or bring) intrò in convivas the guests. Excipìto entertain convivas the guests. Filius the son. Salve hail observande reverend praeceptor Master. Facis you do rem a thing (or matter) gratam acceptable nobis to us, (or you do for us an acceptable matter,) quòd that non dedignáris you disdain not (or do vouchsafe) esse to be noster our conviva guest. Pater the father. Puer O boy para prepare thou prandium dinner caenam supper. Adorn furnish (or set forth) stern spread (or lay) mensam the Table. Appóne set to panem the bread cochlearia the spoons argenteda of silver (or silvern) lignea of wood (or wooden.) adfer bring panarium the bread basket mappam the table cloth pocùla the cups. Eluc rinse (or wash out) calìcem the chalire argenteum the silvern pocillum cup. Penìto put circum the rundle (to set dishes on) in into medium the middle mensae of the table. Collòca set (or place) together sellas the stools ex according to ordìne order, et and superpóne put upon them puluinaria bolsters, (or pillows, or cushions.) Adfer bring aquam water ad for lavandas to wash manus hands. Lava wash tu thou prior foremost (or first.) Lava wash thou manus the hands. Lauémus let us wash unà together. Porrìge reach mihi to me mantíle the towel salìnum the saltcellar. Absterge wipe (or make clean) manus hands. Quid why statis doeyée stand? sedéte sit ye accumbìte sit ye down. Prandium the dinner coena the supper convivium the banquet corrumpitur is marred tua through your absentia absence mora delay tarditáte slackness. Cibus the meat est is apposìtus set, igìtur therefore accumbite sit ye to. Vbi where iubes dost thou bid me me sedére to sit? In in primo the first (or chief) loco place accumbe sit unto discumbe sit down. Conuíuae the guest's accubuérunt are sat (or have sit down.) Puer boy consècra hollow (or consecrate) menfam the table. Puer the boy. Ocùli the eyes omnium of all things spectant do look in towards te thee Domìne O Lord etc. and the rest (or so forth.) Add add etiam also memorabìlem a memorable sententiam sentence, quam which nuper of late didicissi thou hast learned ex out of sacra an holy concióne sermon. Quicquid whatsoever Deus God creáuit hath created est is bonum good, et and nihil nothing est is rejiciendum to be refused si if sumátur it be received cum with actióne doing (or giving) gratiárum of thankes enim for sanctificátur it is sanctified per by (or through) verbum the word Dei of God et and precatiónem prayer. Adfer bring epùlas the meat (or dishes) cibum the victual acétum the vinegar carnes the flesh (or pieces of flesh) assas rosted elixas sodden (or boiled.) Da give mihi to me pocùlum the cup vitreum of glass (or glassen.) Porrìge reach mihi to me argentea the silvern pocùla cups, canthàrum the pot (or jug) caseum the cheese; panem the bread, cultellum the little knife (or meat knife.) Christus Christ sospitet make healthful (or sase) vobis to you hunc this potum drink, hoc this vinum wine. Haec this ceruisia béera sit be vobis to you salúti for health (or unto health.) Deus God faxit graunt id that, chare well beloved puer boy, amen amen. Da give mihi to me alìquid somewhat (or some) de of Gallína the Hen, Gallo the Cock, Piscìbus the fishes, pane the bread, Vis will you alìquid any thing de of pisce the fish ansère the goose, carne the flesh? Etiam yea volo I will, non volo I will not. Infunde power in ceruisiam the beer, aquam the water mulsam sod (or mingled) with honey vinum the wine ut that bibámus we may drink. Non vis wilt thou not bibère drink? Cur why non bibis drinkest thou not? Moans me thou puttest me in mind rectè well, enim for sitio I am a thirst omníno throughly. Non sitio I thirst not. Propíno I drink tibi to thee. Bibi I have drunk satis enough. Deus God benedícat bless (it.) Accipio I take it à from (or of) te you libenter gladly. Ne ebibas drink not up totum the whole. Relinquam I will leave tibi for you satis enough. Relinquam I will leave tibi for you plus more quàm than sum I am bibitúrus about to drink. Nihil no ceruisiae beer, vini wine, aquae water mulsae sodden (or mingled with honey) est is relìquum left (or remaining.) Abscinde cut off mihi for me alìquid some (or somewhat) de of Bouína the Ox's (or Cows) carne flesh (the beef) induráta hardned fumo with the smoke. Tolle take away hanc this patìnam platter et and appóne set to caetèra the other fercùla messes. Explédí I have satisfied (or stinted) sedáui I have allayed (or quenched) famem hunger. Tu thou es art perpaúci of very little cibi meat (or diet.) Non sum I am not edax a greateater. Bibe drink: non ignóras thou art not ignorant of legem the law vetèrum of the old Graecórum Greeks: aut either bibe drink, aut or abi depart. Sed but lex the law Christi of Christ est is melior better: cauéte take heed vobis to yourselves nequando least at any time vestra your corda hearts graventur be surcharged crapùla with surfeit (or surfeiting) et and ebrietáte drunkenness. Praebéte show vos your selues laetos merry hilàres cheerful. Puer boy torre roast (or boil) hunc this piscem fish in in (or on) craticùla the grediron, et and cave take heed ne that not adurátur it ve burnt. Cura have a care ut that ova the eggs coquantur be boiled molliuscula somwhat soster duriuscùla somewhat harder. Oua the eggs sunt are mollia soft, sunt are cruda raw, sunt are mollióra soster iusto than need (or reason is.) Muta change thou orbs the trenchers. Tolle take up (or away) cibum the meat, panem the bread, butyrum the butter, caseum the chéess. Appóne set to pelium the basin cum with mantíli the towel (or hand-wiper.) Puer boy adfer bring bellaria the banqueting dishes. Emunge snuff candélam the candle. Cave take heed ne least that extinguas thou put out (or quench) lychnum the light. Appóne set to poma the apples, pruna the plums, nuces avellánas the filberts, vuas the grapes, vuas passas the raisins, pyra the pears, ceràsa the cherries, juglandes the wasnuts, amygdàlas the almonds, tosta the roasted pyra pears. Ego I freeus trusting to (or relying on) vestra your comitáte courtesy invitáui have invited vos you ad vnto frugále à thrifty (or sparing) prandium dinner fiugálem a thrifty (or mean) coenam supper. Conuíuae the guests. Tuum your (or thy) prandium dinner fuit hath been splendìdum gorgeous (or richly decked) supra aboue modum measure. Tua your (or thy) coena supper est is non not frugális spare (or mean) said but sumptuósa sumptuous. Tua thy coena supper fuit hath been magnificentior more sumptuous quàm than est is aequum reason (or meet.) Quod because excúsas thou makest excuse habes thou hast it this unum alone (or only) cur wherefore this thou mayst be accusandus to be accused. Charissìmi most dear amíci friends quaeso I beseech ut that consulátis you accept aequi of right boníque and of good (you take in good part) nostram our coenùlam little supper licèt albeit tenuem slender (or simple.) Habèo tibi gratiam I thank you quòd because vocasti you have called me me add unto hanc this coenam supper longè farre suavissìmam most sweet (or pleasant.) Non est there is not cause quòd that agas you may give gratias thankes. Ego I agnosco do acknowledge me that I debére do own gratiam thankes tibi to you, quòd because non dedignátus es you have not disdained venìre to come ad vnto hanc this tenuem flender coenam supper. Formùlae short forms (or rules) petendi of craving quippiam any thiug à of praeceptórc the master. Obseruande reverend praeceptor master quaeso I beseech ut that liceat it may be lawful mihi for me abesse to be absent schola from school prima at the first hora hour (at one a clock) caussâ for the fake lavandi of washing. Precor I pray ut that facias you give (or grant) mihi to me facultátem leave (or power) manendi to abide domi at home. Enim for alìquid something est is efficiendum to be done mihi of me. (Or efficiendum est mihi aliquid I must bring to effect (or pass) some matter.) Est mihi abeundum I must departed (or go) rus to the country cum with meis my parentìbus parents oro intreate ut that id that fiat may be done tua by your pace leave. Concédas' grant mihi to me potestátem power (or leave) excundi to go out caussa for the cause levandi of eating alvum the belly soluendi of loosening ventrem the belly reddendae of making urínae water (or urine.) Liceat let it be lawful mihi for me recurrère to run back domum home gratia for the sake (or cause) offerendi of bringing (or fetching) cujuspiam a certain libesti little books. Licear mihi may I exíre go forth of judo the exercise place literario pertaining to learning schola the school ad to emendum buy papirum paper, pennam a pen, panem bread. Quispiam a certain one expètit desireth conventum to speak with me me prae forìbus a● door: itàque therefore quaeso I beseech ut that lìceat mihi I may tua pace by your leave exire go forth add unto hunc him. Meus my domìnus master, pater father iussit hath commanded me me redíre to return domum home decìma at the tenth prima the first, tertia the third bora houre oro I pray ut that mihi liceat I may facère do id that. Caput head dolet aketh mihi to me (my head acheth) dentes tooth dolent ache mihi to me (my tooth ache) ventricùlus the stomach dolet aketh mihi to me (my stomach acheth) nasus my nose stillat droppeth sanguìnem blood. Habeo I have malè ill (I am ill at ease) ideò therefore quaeso I beseech ut that liceat mihi I may ire go domum home. Amantissime most loving praeceptor master johannes john petit humbly asketh veniam that pardon dari be given sibi to him absenti being absent. johannes john et and Paulus Paul petunt do humbly crave veniam that pardon dari be given sibi to them absentìbus being absent. Charissime most dear beloved praeceptor master heri yesterday amísi I lost quendam a certain libellum little book quem which recépi I have gotten again nondum not as yet. Igìtur therefore rogo I desire te you ut that admoneas you admonish condiscipùlos the schoolfellows ut that si if quis any one fortè by chance inuènerit shall hereafter find (or hath sound) eum it restituat he restore it mihi to me. Clarissìme most famous praeceptor master doce teach me me quibus with what verbis words dicam I shall say Graecè in Greek, johannes john verberáuit hath beaten me me. Praeceptor the master. Dices thou shalt say sic thus johannes john etc. Puer the boy, oro I entreat te you praecéptor master ut that descríbas you describe (or writ down) mihi for me figúras the figures (or forms, or characters) Graecórum of the Greek elementórum elements (or letters) quas which scribendo by writing imìter I may imitate. Praeceptor the master. Vbi where habes haste thou archetípum the archetype (or first pattern) quem which praescripsi I prescribed tibi to thee ante before paucos fewe dies days (few days ago.) Puer the boy. Amísi I lost eum it per through incuriam negligence (or carelessness.) johannes john discorpsit plucked in pieces cum it mihi from me. Praeceptor the master. En behold iam now habes thou hast alium another, cave have a care (or take heed) ne lest that (or that not) et also perdas thou lose hunc this. Puer the boy. Quaeso I pray Praeceptor O master ut that praepàres you prepare (or make fit) hanc this pennam pen mihi for me. Praeceptor Master. Qualem what manner pennam pen cupis desirest thou? Puer the boy. Attempèra fit it add unto tuam your own manum hand. Doce teach me me legère to read haec these things. Quomòdo how legam shall I read haec these things? Prescríbe prescribe mihi to me quantum how much ediscam I shall learn without book hac in this hora hour. Duc draw mihi for me lineas the lines. Non habeo I have not atramentum ink. Non est mihi there is not to me (or I have not) atramentarium an inkehorue pecunia money cultellus a little knife (or penknife) penna a pen. Formùla little forms excusandi of excusing absentiae absence apud with (or in presence of) praeceptórem the master. Praeceptor the Master. Cur why venis comest thou tamburlaine so serò late? Nostri our folk (or our people) seriùs too late excitauérunt wakened me me somno from sleep. Surrexi I have risen seriùs too late praeter besides (or against) voluntátem will. Seriùs too late experge factus sum I wakened propter by reason of convivium a banquet caenam a supper prolátam prolonged in into (or unto) mediam the midst of noctem night (midnight.) Nostrum our horologium clocke abberrávit hath gone amiss. Per through negligentiam negligence reliquèram I had left librum a book domi at home, hunc this ut that afferrem I might fetch (or bring,) recurri I can back domum home ex itìnère out of the way (or journey.) Adjúvi I helped familiam the household in in seponendis putting apart (or laying aside or up) lignis wood (or woods.) Herus my Lord (or master) Pater my father Hera my Lady (or mistress) Mater my Mother misèrat had sent me me quopiam to a certain place. Attùli I brought vinum wine cervisiam béere patri to my father, hero to my Lord praeceptor the Master. Cur wherefore ob for quam what causam cause tanto so great (or long) tempòre time non not venisti camest thou in into Scholam School? Ludum the exercise place literarium of (or belonging to) learning? Cur wherefore non interfuisti hast thou not been present hora in the hour prima first quarta fourth sexta sixth lectióni at Lecture, concióni at the Sermon? Quid what impedívit hath hindered te thee quo minùs whereby the less (that not) body to day interfuèris thou hast not been (or wast not) present lectióni at the lecture (or lesson, or reading?) discipùlus the scholar. Malè habui I was ill at case. Aegrotávi I have been sick. Doluit mihi caput, venture my head, belly ached. Laborávi I have been sick of febri an agus (or fever.) Non erant there were not mihi to me tibialia stockens. Non erant mihi I had not calcei shoes. Lauìmus we washed nostrae at our domi house (or home.) Pacentes my parent's noluérunt were unwilling me that I frequentáre go much to (or resort to) Scholam Schoole propter by reason of intensum the earnest (or excessive) frigus cold, vehementem the vehement aestum heat of the weather, pluviam rain, imbrem shower. Mactauùnus we have killed porcos hogges boves oxen oves sheep. Nuptiae a marriage (or wedding) sunt is celebrátae solemnised nostri domae at our house quibus whereat parents my parent's voluérunt have willed me that I interest be present. Praeceptor O master rogo I pray te you ut that des you give (or grant) mihi to me veniam leave (or pardon,) enim for posthâc hereafter ero I will be dilìgens diligent et and assiduus continual in in schola the school. Praeceptor the master. Eas thou mayst go visum to see quid Petrus Peter agate doth (or may be a doing) quòd that nunc now non sit he is not in in schola the school. Discipùlus the scholar. Faciam I will do it o praeceptor O. master. Vado I go. Salve God save you Petre Peter. Et and tu thou condiscipùle schoolefellow salve hail. johannes john. Praeceptor the master jussit hath commanded interrogáre to ask quid what agas you do (or may be a doing) quòd that non not intersis you are present at lectionibus the readings (or lectures.) Petrus Peter, vides thou seest me that I esse am occupátum busily occupied, malè habére am ill at ease, aegrotáre am sick. Ideò therefore oro I entreat ut that excúses you excuse me me absentem absent. Vbi when caepèro I shall begin melius habére to be in better health, (or to find myself better) statim forthwith revertar I will return ad vnto vos you in into scholam the school Discipùlus the scholar. Praeceptor O master curávi I have taken care of quod what mandasti you have commanded (or given in charge.) Petrus Petes dicit saith see that he occupátum esse is taken up in business malè habére is ill at ease malè habuisse hath been not well scripsisse hath written itèras letters. Decumbit haec lieth down in lecto in bed join 〈◊〉 (or already) tres three totos whole dies days (he hath now kept his bed three whole days.) Parents the Parents Petri of Peter dicunt do say ipsum that he esse is profectum journied perègrè fare from home. Parents the Parents johannis of john dicunt do say nihil that nothing negotu of business (no business) faisse hath been ei to him (or he hath had) ideò therefore rogant they request te you ut that punias you punish caedas beate virgis with rods ipsum him cum when fuèrit reversus he shall return in scholam into the school. Formùlae little forms deferendi of accusing (or making complaint on) discipùlum a scholar ad vnto praeceptórem the master. Chatissìme most dear praeceptor master johannes john exhìbet putteth mihi to me negotium business (putteth me to trouble.) Est he is molestus troublesome mihi to me. Non sinit he letteth not alone me me, Trudit he trusteth me me. Premit he presseth (or squiseth) me me. johannes john illúdit mocketh at mihi me. Objécit he hath laid before mihi me pedem his foot ut that cadèrem I night fall. Convellit he pulleth off capillos the hairs mihi from me (be pulleth off my hairs.) Non sinit he suffereth not me me transíre to pass away (or by.) Interturbat he disturbeth me me scribentem writing ediscentem learning by heart relegentem reading over (or again) lectiónem the lesson. Occùpat he keepeth by force (or withholdeth) meum my locum place. Extrúdit he thruuneth out me me ex from meo my loco place. Percussit he hath smitten me me baculo with a staff atramentario with an Inkhorn, pugno with the fist. Impégit he hath dashed colàphum a buffet mihi on me, (he hath given me a blow on the cheek.) conjé cit he hath hurled (or cast forth) in on (or against) me me librum a book lapìdem a stone nivem snow. Petiit he hath stricken me me lapìde with a stone. Vulnerávit he hath wounded me me gladio with a sword cultello with a knife. Conspuit he hath all to bespit meum my pallium cloake vestimentum rayment vestem vesture (or garment.) Imprecárus est he hath cursed mihi me. Maledixit he hath spoken ill mihi to me. Appellávit he hath termed (or called) me me ignominióso by a nick (or reproachful) nomìne name. Comminátus est he hath threatened mihi me grauìter grievously. Calumniátur he falsely and maliciously accuseth me me petulanter impudently. Discerpsit he hath tore in pieces adussit he hath burnt meum my librum book. Commaculávit he hath all to bestained meum my libellum little book pileum cap pileòlum little cap. Debet he oweth mihi to me pecuniam money denarium a penny. Non vult he will not persoluère pay truly (or all) reddère restore soluère pay mihi to me. Consùle the Consul Senatóre the Senator concionatóre the Preacher transeunte passing along (or by) non aperuit he uncovered not caput his head. Non praebuit he hath not wed (or yielded) see himself obedientem obedient parentibus to his parents. Excusatio the excuse. Res the matter non not habet hath see itself ita so (the matter is not so) johannes john mentítur lieth. Petrus Peter odit hateth me me. Male evilly vult he willeth mihi to me (he beareth me ill will,) ideo therefore comminiscitur he feigneth haec these things in against me me. Non laesi I have not hurt come him. Non attigi I have not touched ipsum him digìto with my finger. Feci I have done it non volens not willing. F●ci I have done it per through imprudentiam not thinking thereof (unawares.) Non not ego I in against illum him sed but ille he in against me me delìquit hath done an offence (or committed a fault of omission.) Paenìtet it irketh me me facti of the fact. Paenìtet it repenteth me me íllorum of those things quae which deliqui I have committed in against Petrum Peter. Deinceps henceforth faciam I will do nihil nothing tale such (no such thing) non ●uit there hath not been mihi to me otium leasure scribendi to write discendi to learn haec these things. Propter by reason of occupationes necessary businesses non potui I have not been able (or I could not) ades●e be present. Promitto I promise, pollíceor I assure you of melióra better things. Vbi where est is pater father, matter mother, praeceptor, master, nescio I am ignorant thereof, non scio I know not. Est he is in in musaeo the A●dy, penu the buttery, vel or promptuario the victuals-storehouse, aestuario the hotehouse, latrina the privy house, stab●lo the stable, bal●●o the bath, horto the garden, cull ma the kitchen, cubicùlo the bed chamber, superióri in the upper part part aedium of the house, hoc est that is, caenacùlo in the garret, tabulato in the loft, seu or contignatióne in the boarded flower (the together raftering or plancking) aedium of the house. Cellario the cellar, templo the temple. Non est he is not domi at home. Egressus est he is gone forth extra without fores door (or doors) urbe out of the city, ex out of aedibus the house. Formùlae the manners (or fashions) agendi of speaking (talking ●o● treating) come with condiscipùlis schoolfellows. Accéde approach, veni come huc hither Petre O Peter. Refiste stop, mane stay paulisper a little while. Habeo I have somewhat quoth which dicam I shall tell tibi to thee. (I have somewhat to say to thee.) Est there is somewhat quoth which rogem I may ask (or must ask or request) te thee. Est there is something quoth which petam I shall (or will) crave a of te thee. Rogo I request te thee ut that excúses thou excusest me me, (makest excuse for me) absentiae of absence apud with (or before) praeceptórem the master. Name for sum I am occupátus occupied certis in determined negotijs businesses quo whereby fit it cometh to pass ut that nune now non possim I cannot esse be in schola in the school. Faciam I will do it libenter gladly. Expediam I will dispatch it said but ea upon this conditione condition ut that et also tu thou facias doest idem the same thing si if ●ortè peraduenture erit there shall be opus néede mihi to me. Interpretáre interpret haec these things (or words) mihi to me. Quantum how much est is pronunciandum to be said nobis of us memorìter by heart prima in (or a● the first) hora houre secunda at the second (at one a clock at two) haec these things sunt are recitanda to be recited nobis of us memorìter by heart (without looking in the book, from the memory only.) Audí hear me me pronúnciantem saying over memoriter by heart quae what things debémus we ought scire to know, postea afterward audiam I will hear● te thee vicissim again for my part. Abberras thou missest pronunciando in pronouncing (or saying over.) Legis thou readest malè badly. Di● say sensim leisurely. Ne praecipìtes post not up (or huddle not up, or utter not rashly) verba thy words. In in loquendo speaking est it is satiùs better peccáte to offend (or do amiss) tarditáte with slowness quàm than celeritáte with hastiness (or swiftness.) Verba words debent ought nasci to be bred in pectòre in the breast non not in ore in the mouth. Sis be praesenti of a bold (or strong) anìmo spirit (or conrage) metus feare officit hurteth memoriae the memory. Claude shut librum the book, libellum the little book. Fidendum est one must trust memoriae to his memory, non not libris to his books. Quisque every one scit knoweth tantùm so much quantùm as memoria the memory tenet holdeth (or keepeth in it:) unde from whence faciam shall I make initium beginning. Incipe begin ubi where desijsti thou madent an end proxìmè last. Ne whether placet pleaseth it (or think you it good) certare to contend (or try a mastery) mecum with me pingendis in writing (or drawing out the form of) litèris letters. Quidem indéede placet I am well content said but deest there is wanting mihi to me charta paper penna a pen▪ atram●ntum ink. Da give mihi to me paulùlum a little de of tua thy charta paper atramento ink. Cuius whose est is liber the book. Est it is meus mine. Est it is Petri Peter. Red restore tandem at the length (or at the last) mihi to me meum my librum book, usus es thou hast used eo it satis enough. Desine cease (or leave off) fabulari to talk foolishly. Desist surcease ridère to laugh. Praeceptor the master aduènit cometh, adest is at hand. Quid what libri booke habes haste thou? Est it is Grammatica a Grammar. Fac grant mihi to me copiam leaue inspiciendi to look into tui thy libelli little book parumper a little while. Tace hold thy peace, et and fac doe quae what things sunt are mandáta enjoined (or given in charge) tibi to thee. Offendis thou offendest non not tamburlaine as much praeceptóres master's qu●m as Deum God ipsum himselfe si if non obtempèras thou obeyest not. Licèt although praeceptor the master absit be absent tamen yet notwithstanding Deus God adest is present qui which s●it knoweth et and intuétur beholdeth omnia all things. Noto I note (or accuse) te th●e vernacùli of natural (or mother) sermónis speach solaecismi of incongruity barbarism of barbarism. Loquère speak Latínè in Latin, Graecè in Greek. Vtère use sermóne speech, Latíno Latin, Graeco Greek. An whether ignó●as art thou ignorant Latínum that the Latin, Graecum that the Greek sermónem speech comparári is gotten loquendo by speaking Latínè in Latin, Graece in Greek? Frustra in vain discìmus we learn multa many things, nisi except transferìmus we transfer eàdem the same things add unto usum vse scribendo by writing et and loquendo by speaking. Accende kindle mihi for me hanc this candèlam candle. Adfer bring candelábrum a candlestick, laternam a lantern. Emunge snuff, purga scour (or make clean) candélam the candle. Strue make (or frame) ignem a fire in in fornáce the furnace, foco the hearth, camíno the chimney. Compóne put together, protrude thrust forward titiónes the firebrands in in fornáce the furnace. Appóne put unto plùs more assulárum chips (or of the splinters) plum more lignórum wood (or woods.) Alius another dialogus dialogue. Quis who pulsat knocketh ostium the door? Ego I sum am he. Quis who is ego the I? Ede utter (or tell) tuum thy nomen name quod what nomen name est is tibi to thee? johannes john est is nomen the name mihi to me. Intromitte let in me me. Apè●i open januam the gate. janua the gate est is aperta opened. Quispiam a certain person quaesívit hath sought for te thee. Quidam one (or some person) stans standing pro at (or before) foribus the door (or doors) expè●it desireth (or craveth) conventum to speak with te thee. Ne whether dicis sayest thou istud this seriò in earnest an or jo●o in jest? Dico I speak extra without jocum jest. Non jocor I jest not said but ago I do (or tell) seria matters in earnest. Ob for quam what causam cause, cu● why fles dost thou weep? Quid what mali euill accìdit hath happened tibi to thee? Caesus sum I have been beaten. Dedi poenas I have been punished praeceptóri of (or by) the master. Quid what mali euill fecèras hadst thou done? Nihil none (or nothing.) Haec this est is commúnis the common responsio answere omnium of all puerórum boys, etiam yea cum when vapulárunt they have been beaten meritò deservedly. Quid what controversiae controuersie est is there inter among vos you? Referámus let us make relation the concerning haec this controversia controversy (or variance) add unto hypodidascàlum the underteacher (or uther. Ne whether affers bringest thou libellum the little book quem which dedèr●m I had given commodáto for loanth (I had lended) tibi to thee. Vah O wonderful istud that thing excidèrat had scaped mihi me (had slipped o●t of my remembrance) omníno quite or altogether. Non incìdit it happened not mihi to me (it came not into my mind) come when exírem I went out domo from home. Certò surely affèram I will bring it hodie to day cras to morrow. Cujus to whom est doth it appertain nunc now ministráre to serve (or deliver) nobis to us candélam a candle quem whom oportet doth it behoove nunc now emère to buy ligna wood (or woods.) Cujus to whom est doth it belong verrère to sweep, purgáre to make clean musaeum the study. Est it is meum my d●ty, tuum thy duty, johannis john's. Scopae a besom desunt is wanting mihi to me. Egeo I want scopis a broom. Stern spread (or make) lectum the bed lectùlum the little bed. Accende kindle lychnum a light. Repóne lay up libros the books in into suum their locum place. Alius another. Quid why es art thou tristior sadder solìto than wont (or accustomed.) Ne whether res the matter est is salva in good case (doth all go well) perdìdi I have lost meum my libellum little book. Cecìdi I have fallen grauìter grievously. Pettus Peter minátus est hath threatened mihi to me verbèra blows. Quid why es are you tamburlaine so laetus merry? (or glad) quia because copia leave facta est is granted (or caused) nobis to (or for us) abeundi to departed domum home. Venia leaue ludendi to play datà est is given nobis to us. Admetus at quotam what (or what number of) horam houre sumus are we iussi commanded redíre to return in into scholam the school? ad at horam the hour sextam sixth, octávam eighth, decimam tenth, duodecìmam twelfth, secundam second, quartam fourth, septìmam seventh, nonam ninth, undecìmam eleventh, primam first, tertiam third, quintam fifth: Quo whither vadis goest thou nunc now? eo I go domum home. Abeo I go (or depart) emptum to buy papírum paper, atramentum ink, pennas pens, criticeum wheaten panem bread. Vbi where est▪ is johannes john? exív ít he went out foras abroad schola from school ad for requísita the needs natúrae of nature. Egressus est he went forth è out of literari● the learning ludo schoole causa for the cause reddendae of making urínae urine (or water.) Quanti for how much mercétus es hast thou bought hunc this libellum little book. Emi I have bought it tribus for three denarijs penre, quatuor for four aureis crowns (or nobles) quinque for five drach●●is groats à of bibliop●la the bookeseller. Emisti thou hast bought parvo for a small precio price, nimio for too much (or overmuch.) Nemo no body divendit selleth forth (or abroad) vendit selleth alio for another Precio price (at another rate.) Formùlae manners (or forms) commodandi of lending. Commòda lend pennam a pen acum a needle cum with filo a thread librum a book. Non possum I cannot carére be without it (or lack it) nunc now. Ipse I myself nunc now v●or do use eo it. Commodabo I will lend it said but ea with this (or on this) lege condition ut that restituas thou restore● it mihi to me salvum without hurt (or safe) et and matúrè timely (or quickly) ne lest that (or that not) ipse I myself egeam need it come when ●rit it shall be, utendum to be used mihi of me (I must use it) or I shall be to use it) en behold tabes thou hast it said but vide take heed (or see thou) ne that not commacùles thou stain it aspergas thou besprinkle it labecùlis with little spots. men's my praeceptor master rogat requesteth ut that mittas you send sibi to him Graecum a Greeks Testamentum Tastament utendum to use (or to be used) in for breve a short tempus time. Non possum I cannot commodáre lend it ei to him in praesentia at this present (or for this present time.) Mutuári to borrow. Cogor I am constrained mutuári to borrow pecuniam money ad to emendas buy vestes garments. Oro I pray te thee ut that des thou givest (or grantest) mihi to me mutuo for (or unto) lone (thou lendest) denarium a penny candèlam a candle, chartam a leaf (or sheet) papíri of paper pete ask thou ab of quodam some alio other enim for vix scarce suffìcit there is sufficient mihi ipsi for myself. Alius another. Quota of what number est is hora the hour (what is the clock) prima the first, secunda the second, tertia the third, quarta the fourth, quinta the fifth. Decìma the tenth hora houre immìnet is very near (it is upon the stroke of ten a clock.) Septìma the seaventh octáva the eighth hora houre effluxit is clean gone praeterijt is past. Non numerávi I have not told (or reckoned) horas the hours. Horologium the clock aberrat goeth ●●●issé. Aberras thou errest (or misses●) numerando in telling (or numbering.) Clepsammon the hourglass, subsistit standeth still. Move wag clepsammon the hourglass? Emenda amend (or correct) meam mine Epistòlam Epistle. Meum my scriptum writing. Meos my versus verses. Rogo I request ●e thee ut that relègas thou reads over (or again) meum my scriptum writing et and si if deprehendèris thou shalt find out (or espy) quid any erráti fault tollas thou take away (or put it out.) Formùlae formes rogandi of entreating praeceptórem the master. Nunc now aer the air est is serénus clear (without clouds or rain) (now it is fair weather.) Coelum the heaven invitat inviteth ad ludendum to play. Exeámus let us go forth lusum to play vel or ad ludendum to play. Now licet it is not lawful ludère to play absque without venia leave. Quispiam somebody est is mittendus to be sent qui who impètrat may obtain by request nobis for us veniam leaue ludendi to play. Paulus Paul éat may go (or let Paul go) nam est he is benè well linguax tongued (one well able to tell his tale) et and audax bold. Nemo no body est is magis more idoneus fit ad unto (or for) hanc this legatiónem embassage (or message) quàm than Petrus Peter. Petre O Peter í go thou orátum to entreat nobis for us veniam leaue ludendi to play. Eat let him go qui which volet will (or shall be willing) ego I malo liefer carére be without (or want) quàm than rogáre ask. Quaeso I beseech i go thou initúrus to enter in (or get) magnam great gratiam fauour ab of omnibus all nobis us (to curry much friendship at our hands.) Quandoquìdem for as much as contendìtis you request (or require) it this matter tantopère so earnestly obsèquar I will obey vestris your precìbus entreaties. Salve haile et also tu thou Petre O Peter. Tui your discipùli schollers orant do entreat of tuam your humanitátem courtesy (or gentleness) veniam leaue ludendi to play. Praeceptor the teacher. Ludant let them play said but gregàtim in companies in loco in the place constitúto appointed ad vnto id it (thereunto) et and recipiant let them betake se themselves domum home matúrè in season. Sub about (or at) quintam the fift horam hour (five a clock) redeant let them return in into urbem the City. Puer the boy. Simus let us be hilàres frollique, impetrávi I have by request obtained veniam leaue quanquam although aegrè hardly (or with much ado.) Sed but intèrim in the mean time cavendum est we mu●t beware ne least that peccémus we do amiss quid any thing (lest somewhat we do amiss) consultabìmus we will consult de of (or concerning) genère the kind lusus of the play in campo in the plain field. Formûlae formes colloquendi of communing cum with condiscipùlis schoolfellows. Under whence venis comest thou tamburlaine so mane early in the morning? ex out of nostro our cubicùlo bedchamber. Quando when surrexisti arosest thou? Paulò a little ante before sextam the sixth horam hour (si●e a clock.) Quis who excitá vit wakened (or stirred up) te thee. Pater father. Mater mother. Frater brother. Soror sister. Adorasti hast thou prayed unto (or worshipped) Deum God? Egisti haste thou done (or given) gratias thankes Deo to God. Quum primùm as soon as pexui I kembed (or had kembed) crines my hair (or hairs) et and lavi washed manus hands, faciem face, ac and os mouth precátus sum I prayed. Quomodo how precátus es prayest thou? genìbus my knees (or with my knees) flexis bowed (or bended, kneeling on my knees.) Et and manibus my hands coniunctis joined together (holding up my hands together) recitávi I said by heart (or recited) decalògum the decalogue (or ten commandments) Apostolìcum the Apostles symbòlum creed, Dominicam the Lords oratiónem prayer et and addìdi I added notam a famous (or familiar) precatiónem prayer cum with actióne a doing (or giving) gratiárum of thankes (a thanksgiving.) Qua in what lingua tongue (or language) soles art thou wont precári to pray alias sometimes vernacùla in my motherne (or natural) alias otherwhiles Latina in the Latin nonnunquam sometimes etiam also Graeca in the Greek. Chare O well beloved puer boy facis thou dost piè godlily et and rectè rightly (or well.) Cura have a care tu thou ut that nunquam neuer neglìgas tho● neglectest hanc this partem part tui of thy officij duty. Dabo I will give opèram endeavour sedùlo diligently Deo God dante granting memor mindfull dicti of the saying Christi of Christ sine without me me potestis y●e can (or can be able) facère to do nihil nothing. Item also (or likewise) oportet it behooveth oráre to pray semper alwayes et and non not defatigári to be weary. Quò whither vadis goest thou? Eo I go domum home. Ne whether es art thou parátus ready ad for reddendam to render ratiónem an account tuórum of thy studiórum studies? Sum I am parátus ready (or prepared) ut as videor I seem mihi to myself (as me thinketh.) Igìtur then (or therefore) red render ratiónem an account et and sis be thou praesenti of a bold (or good) anìmo spirit (or courage.) Hora at the hour sexta sixth, septìma seaventh, octáva eighth, audìuìmus we heard Cicerónem Cicero, Terentium Terence, Isocràtèm Isocrates. Audiuìmus we have hear● alìquid that something explicári was expounded in Epistòlis in the Epistles. Nona in the ninth hora houre exercuì●●us we practised stylum our pen (we used writing.) Tenes dost thou keep memoria in memory praelectiónem thy lesson? Propemòdum in a manner. Ferè almost. Prope well-near. Ne whether vis wilt thou repetámus that we repeat unà together? Maxìmè yea, (or very greatly) velim I would (or can be willing.) Incìpe begin igitur then. Ordíre begin thou to say (or begin thou.) Faciam I will do it libenter gladly, said but ausculta hearken tu thou attentè attentively ut that corrìgas thou mayst correct (or amend) s● if peccauèro I shall err) or miss in) quid any thing. jam already semel once, bis twice, ter thrice, quater four times, quinquies five times, sexies six times, septies seven times, octies eight times, novies nine times, decies ten times, errasti thou hast miss. Me O me misèrum wretched (wretched one that I am.) Putabam I did think me that I tenère did retain or keep in memory) praeclarè right well. Idem the same thing et also solet is wont accidère to chance mihi to me come when as memoria my memory est is non not satis enough confirmáta strengthened. Felix happy is he qui which est is praedìtus endued bona with a good memoria memory. Reuéra in very deed est it is magnum a great beneficium benefit. Sed but tempus the time abit passeth away, ìgìtur therefore et also audi hair thou me me nunc now, audio I hear, recìta recite. Discipùlus the scholar. Observande reverend lu di-magister schoolmaster quaedam certain (or some) necessìtas necessity cogit constraineth me me invisère to go to see (or visit) patriam my Country, parents my parents cognátoes my kinsfolk quoth the which ut that liceat it may be lawful (that the which may be lawful) mihi for me per through te you (by your leave) oro I entreat. Venerabìlis worshipful praeceptor master ego I jam now alìquot certaine annis yeeres sub vnder tua your ferùla paulmer navans employing opèram endeavour bonis to good litèris learning (or letters) institútus sum have been instructed a of (or by) te you diligenter diligently et and fidelìter faithfully: verò but (or and) nunc now visum est it hath seemed good meis to my parentibus parents, amícis friends, tutorìbus tutors (or guardians) ut that confèram I betake me me hinc hence ad vnto alìquam some academiam university, ubi where possim I may be able capère to take ampliórem a more abundant cultum ornament (or furniture) ingenij of wit, et and postea afterward seruíre to serve Deo in in aliqua some honesta honest functióne function utiliùs more profitablely (or expediently) et and prodesse to profit alijs other hominibus men. Quare wherefore ago I give tibi to you maxìmas most great gratias thanks pro for tuis your plurìmis very many beneficijs benefits in unto (or towards) me 〈◊〉, et and polliceor I promise me that I velle will non not solùm onely perpetuo continually meminisse remember illa them, said but etiam also apud among omnes all bonos good men praedicáre make good report of them grata with a thankful ment minde et and lingua tongue. Ludimagister the schoolmaster. Charissìme man dear beloved adolescens youth, significatio the manifestation tuae of thy modestiae modesty et and gratitudìnis gratefulnesse quam which decláras thou declarest hac by this tua thy oratióne speach est is grata acceptable mihi to me. Ve●ò and utìnam would hoc in this corrupto corrupt secùlo age, et and his in these perditis desperately naught morìbus manners juventútis of youth, essent there were plures more tales such qui which imitarentur would imitate tuam thy diligentiam diligence in in discendis learning litèris letters (or literature) et and regendis in ruling (or ordering) moribus their manners. Verò and ego I non not solùm only libenter willingly do give tibi to thee v●niam leaue abeundi to departed (or go) in into patriam thy country, said but etiam also oro do pray Deum God ut that deinceps afterward (or now hereafter) regat he rule et and gubernet he govern te thee ut that sicut as incepisti thou hast begun pulchrè goodly (or very well) ita so peràgas thou mayst go through with to an end, nec neither sinas mayst suffer te thy selfe corrumpi to be corrupted exemplis with the examples et and sodalitio fellowship (or company) prauórum of naughty homìnum men quorum of whom ubique every where est there is magna great copia store, ut that paulò a little post after (not long after) possis. thou maid esse be emolumento a benefit (profitable) ecclesiae to church et and reipublicae commonwealth, honóri an honour patriae to country et and amí●is friends, verò and voluptáti a pleasure et and solatio a solace parentibus to thy parents. Vade go in pace in peace. Alíus another. Quid what agis dost thou? Sedeó I fit. Ago I do nihil nothing. Video I see. Sed but quomòdo how tuae thy res matters habent haue se themselves, (how go thine affairs.) Non not fatis enough felicìter happily. Habent they have pessìme very bad (they go very ill.) Fort assis peradventure interpello I disturb te thee occupátum occupied serijs in earnest negotijs businesses. Imò nay rather maxìmè very greatly vacuum 〈…〉 of't (or at leisure.) Enim for jam already taedium a weariness otii of leisure cepèrat had taked me me (had begun to take hold on me) et and desiderábam I did desire congerrónem a merry companion. Fortassis peraduenture interturbo I interrupt impedio I hinder tua thy negotia businesses. Imò nay rather discùtis thou drivest away taedium the wearisomeness otii of idleness. Da grant veniam pardon si if interpellárim I have interrupted te thee parùm a little in tempòre in a seasonable time. Imò nay rather aduènis thou comest in in ìpso the very tempòre seasonable time (thou comest even at the very point and chief season.) Tuus thy adventus comming est is vehementer greatly gratus acceptable mihi to me. Fortassis peradventure alìquid some seriae serious re● matter agìtur is handled inter between vos you, cui whereto ego I nolim am unwilling (or would not) esse be impedimento an hindrance. Imò yea but locúti sumus we have spoken de te concerning thee. Credo I believe it facilè easily, nam for mirè wonderfully auris my ear tinniébat did tingle (or ring or burn) mihi to me venienti comming huc hither. V●ra whether? Sinistra the left. Vnde from whence conjicio I conjecture nihil that nothing magnificè with much commendation fuisse dictum was said ●e me concerning me. Imò nay rather nihil non nothing not (every thing) honorificum spoken to thy honour. Sed but quid what bonae good rei matter (or thing) est is it? Aiun● they say te that thou factum esse art become venatórem an hunter. Imò yea. jam now intra within meos my casses nets (or hays) est there is praeda the prey quam which venábar I hunted. Quaenam what is it? Lepìda a pretty puella damsell quam whom sum I am ductúrus to marry (or take unto wife) perendie the next day after to morro●. Ideò therefore oro I entreat 〈…〉 os you ut that tunc then cohonestétis you grace (or set forth) nuptias the Wedding vestra by your praesentia presence. Quaenam who est is Sponfa the Bride? Dorothea Dorothy filia the daughter nostri of our concionatóris Preacher. De for (or concerning) hac her merìtò with good cause gratulámur we rejoice in the behalf of tibi thee. Name for non not solùm only est she is pulchra fair (or beautiful) said but etiam also benè well educáta brought up et both ad to manendum abide domi at home ac and curanda to regard (or take care of) domestìca household (or home) negotia businesses, optìmè marvellously well institúta trained up (or instructed.) confabulatio a communing domestìca pertainingto house (or household) matters. Heus ho● puer boy prodit cometh there forth nemo no body huc hither? Hic this man opinor I think effringet will break open (or to pieces) fores the door. Est it is veri●●ìmìle very like esse that he is aliquem sonte samiliárem familiar. O amice O friend mi my Petty Peter quid what adfers dost thou bring? Meipsum mine own self. Tu thou certè truly attulisti haste brought huc hither rem a thing haud not magni of a great pretii price. Atqui yea but constìti I cost meo patri my father magno a great price. Credo I believe eum that he fecisse hath made (or bestowed) majóres greater sumptus costs (or charges) in upon te thée quàm than pro according to dignitáte thy worthiness (or desert.) Sed but nc whether est is johannes john domi at home? Non scio I know not certò certainly (or assuredly.) said but abi goe visum to see. Vel or abi goe tu thou potiùs rather interogátum to ask (or inquire) an whether sit he be domi at home. An whether velit he will jam now at length (or ere it be long) esse bée domi at home? Heus ho Petre Peter num whether, es art thou domi at home? Non sum I am not. Impùdens thou shameless one non ego audio do not I hear te thee loquentem speaking. Imò nay rather tu thou impudentior art more shameless. Enim for ●uper lately credìdi I beleevedtuae thy ancillae maid te that thou non esse was not domi at home, et and tu thou non credis believest not mihi ipsi me myself. Dicis thou sayest aequum right (thou speakest reason.) Name for refers thou rendrest par like pari for like Sed but vidéris thou seemest mihi to me agère to lead (or live) vitam the life cochleae of a Snail. Quid why ita so? Quia because perpetuò alwaies sedes thou sittest domi at home nec and not prorèpis comest forth usquam to any place. Est there is matter quoth which agam I may do domi at home, feris abroad est there is mihi to me nihil nothing negotii of business (no business.) Et and si if esset there were quid any tamen yet notwithstanding haec this aura wind (or airs) cohibuisset would had kept (or restrained) me me à from publìco abroad alìquot certaine dies days. Sed but nunc now coelum the firmament (or air) est is serénum fair (or clear) et and inuítat inviteth (or allureth) add to deambulandum walk abroad. Simo if lubet it liketh prodeambuláre to walk forth, non recúso I refuse not. Assìdes thou sittest at libris thy books nimiùm overmuch. Macèras thou wearest out te thyself immodìco with immoderate (or unmeasurable) study study. Malo I have rather (or liefer) marcescère to be consumed (or become faint.) study with study quàm then amóre with love. Ecquid whether haec this deambulatio walking abroad fuit hath been voluptáti unto (or for) pleasure? Quidem truly ego I delectátus sum ea have been delighted therewith (or therein) vehementer very greatly. A liús another dialògus dialogue. Opto I wish tibi to thee multam much felicitátem happiness. Et and ego I opto wish conduplicátum double quicquid whatsouer optas thou wishest mihi to me. Quid what agis dost thou? Confabùlor I commune. Quid what? Confábuláre dost thou commune solus alone? Certè truly confabùlor I talk cum with lepidissìmo a most pleasant congetróni merry companion. Quo with whom? Divo with saint Paulo Paul. Ciceróne with Cicero. Quidem indeed facis thou dost istud that saepe oftentimes. Sed but variètas varietie est is grata pleasant (or acceptable.) Tu thou● perpetuò continually tu thou noctes nights et and dies days incumbis appliest (or bendest earnestly) litèris to learning. Nihil nothing suave is sweet (or pleasant) quoth the which perpetuum is continual without ceasing. Facis thou dost tuo after thy more fashion (or custom.) Rides thou laughest at me me ut as soles thou art wont. Ipsi the very libri bookes obducti covered ou●r pulv ère with dust testantur do testify (or witness) meam my diligentiam diligence in in studiis studies de concerning mea my diligentia diligence in studiis in studies. Loquor I speak seri ò earnestly ex from anìmo my heart. Formùlae formes mandandi of giving in charge (or bidding) ac and pollicendi of promising. Quaeso I beseeth ut that haec this res thing sit may be tibi to the● cordi unto heart (that thou hast a care of this thing.) Rogo I request etiam yet atque and etiam yet further (earnestly and diligently) ut that hoc this negotium business sit be tibi to thee curae a core. Simo if amas thou lovest me me efficias bring to pass (or to effect) hoc this thing fideliter faithfully et and diligenter diligently. Ego I reddam will make (or procure) hoc this thing effectum effected tibi for thee, et and quidem indeed propediem shortly (within these few days.) Non possum I cannot praestàre undertake for (or warrant) eventum the event, polliceor I promise illud this, nec n 〈…〉 fidem that faithfulness ne● nor studium endeavour de●utú 〈…〉 ●●all be wanting mihi to (or in) me. Polliceor I promise nihil nothing 〈◊〉 in speech (or word.) said but praestáb● I will perform 〈…〉 in the deed quicquid whatsoever est is the duty sincéri of a sincere 〈◊〉 friend, et and benevolentis bearing good will exanimo from the heart (or affection.) Cur why non visis dost thou not visit (or go to see?) Propter by reason of quam what causam cause non inuísis dost thou not come to see nos vs tamdiu so long a while? Quid what accìdit hath happened quòd that tam so longo long tempòre time non accessèris thou hast not come ad vnto nos vs tam so longo long tempòre a time? Quid what obstìtit hath letted (or been in the way) quo whereby minùs the lesse (that not) jam now diu a great while (or long time) venèrís thou hast come ad nos unto us? Non licuit it hath not been lawful; (or I might not, or could not.) Non licuit I was not free per by reason of occupatiónes necessary businesses. Otium leisure non fuit hath not been mihi to me (I have had no leisure.) Equìdem truly volui I have been willing said but facultas ability (or leave) non data est hath not been given (or granted) mihi to me. Negotia the businesses quibus with which eram I was implicàtus encumbered non patiebantur suffered not ut that salutárem I might salute te thee (that I might do my duty to you.) Accipio I accept tuam thy excusatiónem excuse, said but hac with this league condition ne that not utáris thou usest it saepiùs oftener times. Tua thy excusatio excuse est is justior juster quàm than vellem I would siquìdem in as much as morbus a disease fuit was (or hath been) in causa for excuse (hath been the cause or ocsion.) accipio I receive (or take) tuam thy excusatiónem excuse hac lege upon this condition si if quod that which est is neglectum neglected compenses thou make amends for crebris with often alloquiis communications. Successus the success (or event.) Res the matter successit hath prospered (or had success) meliùs better opinióne than supposell (than you think.) Impetràvi I have obtained by request plus more quàm than ausus fuissem I might had dared optáre to wish. Omnis all res the matter cecìdit hath chanced ex according to sententia my mind (as I would wish or have it.) Et both habeo I give et and habitúrus sum I will give maxìmam very great gratiam thankes tibi to you quoad as long as vivam I live. Possum I can vi● scarce agère give gratias thankes pares meet (or equal) pro for isto that tuo thy beneficio good turn, refer to requite nequá quam in no wise. quòd for that meum my negotium businesse est is tibi to thee cordi unto heart (a 〈◊〉.) Amo I love te thee et and habeo I 〈◊〉 gratiam thankes, Ex out of (or among) omnìbus all beneficiis benefits quae which plurìma being very many tu thou contulisti hast bestowed in on me me hoc this est is longè farre gratissimum the most acceptable. Responsio the answer, Nostra our necessitúdo nigh friendship est is major greater quàm than ut that vel either tu thou mihi to me vel or ego I tibi to thee debeam nought agère to give gratias thankes pro for ullo any beneficio good turn. Qui he which benè well merétur deserueth de of amíco a friend non that doth not give beneficium a kindness (or good turn) said but foenèrat dareth out to usutie. Simo if ex anìmo from the heart probas thou allowest (or approvest) meum my officium duty (or service) in unto (or towards) te thee, fac do utáre that thou mayst use it (see that thou use it) saepids oftener. Alius another. Prandébis will you dine coenábiss will you sup hodiè to day domi at home? Oportet me it behooveth me (I must) prandére dine caenáre sup apud with socèrum my wife's father socrum my wife's mother genèrum my son in law (he that marrieth my daughter) affínem mine alliance (or cousin by marriage) consùlem the Consul. Igìtur therefore in for (or against) crastìnum the morrow voco I call (or bid or invite) te you add unto prandium dinner caenam supper. Oro I entreat te you ut that cras to morrow prandeas you dine caenes you sup mecúm with me. timeo I fear ne least that non possim I cannot. Metuo I am afraid ut possim that I cannot. Veniam I will come siquìdem if so be that licèbit it shall be lawful (I may.) Sed but metuo I fear ne least that non queam I cannot be able (or may not.) Quare wherefore cur why propter by reason of quam what causam cause? Quid what obstat letteth quo minùs that not possis you may veníre come? Tunc then quidem truly manendum est mihi I must tarry domi at home. Cras to morrow non licébit it will not be lawful (or free) mihi for me exíre to go forth. Ipse I myself tunc at that time expecto expect alíquot certain compransóres diverse with me concoenatóres suppers with me non possum I cannot pollicéri promise certaínely. Nequeo I cannot promittère promise. Veniam I will come ubi when as videbìtur it shall seem utríque to both nostrum of us esse to be commodissìmum the most commodious (or convenient) (or when it shall seem to be most convenient for both of us.) Sed but ego I detineo do detain te thee fortassis peraduenture itúrum about to go aliò to another place. Imò yea rather ego I (do detain) te thee opíno● I suppose. Sed but cras tomorrow confabulabìmur we will talk together latiùs more amply. Crastino on to morrows die day nugabìmur we will talk slightly of (or tri●●le about) plura more things. Intèrim in the mean while cura have a care ut that valeas thou be in good health. Formùla a form gratulandi of being glad in behalf de of redìtu a return. Matthaeus Mat●hew et and Lucas Luke. Gratùlor I rejoice in the behalf of tibi thee reverso returned in patriam into thy country de of redìtu thy return in patriam into thy country. L. Et and ego I tibi for thee superstìti surviving (or alive) Matthaee O Matthew. M. rediisti thou hast returned nobis to us obesior grosser (or fatter) et and procerior taller solito than want (than thou was wont.) Abiisti thou departedst (or wentest) ●ine without barba beard imberbis beardless: rediisti thou hast returned barbátus bearded. Habens hauing prolixam a long barbam bears. Praedìtus endued (or adorned) pulchra with a fair barba beard. L. At but quidem indeed mallem I should leiser redíre to return prudentior wiser et and doctior learneder. M. Gratulámur we rejoice in the behalf of et both tibi thee et and nobis ourselves, quòd because sis thou art restitútus restored nobis to us vivus liuing et and valens in good health. L. Ego I vicissim for my part likewise laetor am glad quòd because incolùmis I safe and sound offendèrim have found vos ye incolùmes safe and sound. Quòd for that reperèrim I have found te thee salvum safe (or in good health) gaudeo I am glad vehementer exceeding greatly. M. Quid what vult meaneth sibi to itself ille that pallor paleness? (What meaneth that pale colour?) Quid what macies the leanness? Quid what rugae the wrinkles in front in the forehead? L. Qualis such as (of what sort) fortúna the fortune (even as one's fortune is) talis such est is et also habìtus the habit corpòris of the body. Nunquid whether any thing agìtur is done (or gone) malè badly tecum with thee? Nunquid whether alìquid any acerbi grievous thing (or adversity) accìdit hath chanced tibi tó thee? L. Etsi although ferè almost nullo in no tempòre time fortúna fortune favit hath favoured mihi me, tamen yet notwithstanding nunquam never adversàta est it hath crossed (or been against) mihi mee magìs more quàm than nunc now. M. Doleo I condole (or am sorry for) tuam thy vicem case (or misfortune.) Tua thy calàmìtas calamity dolet grieveth (or is woeful) mihi to me. Sed but quid what est is istud that mali evil? L. Feci I have made naufragium shipwracke universae of all (of every whit of my) pecuniae money. M. Vbínam where charissìme most dear beloved one? L. Navigatúrus sailing (or about to sail) in in Baltìco the Baltic mari sea ex out of Dania Denmark in into Germaniam Germany. M. Igìtur then non est there is not dubium doubt quin but orauèris thou prayedst (or could have prayed) diligenter diligently. L. Nunquam never diligentiùs more diligently. M. Igìtur then fatéris thou confessest it esse to be verum true (that that is true) quoth which dicìtur is said; qui he that nescit knoweth not oráre to pray discat let him learn navigáre to sail. L. Fateor I confess (it,) nam for expertus sum I have experienced (or proved it) ipsa in the very re deed. M. Habet it hath (or goeth) benè well, quòd that ipse thou thyself enatasti haste swimmed out (or escaped) nobis to us vivus alive. Est it is melius better facère to suffer jactúram loss pecuniae of money quám than vitae of life. Igìtur therefore vides thou seest doctrínam that learning et and virtútem that virtue esse are tutissìmas most safe divitias riches quae which nec neither possunt can eripi be taken away nec nor gravant d●t load (or burden) circumferentem the bearer (he that always carrieth the same about him.) Tu thou quidem indeed Philosopháris philosophisest (studiest philosophy or speakest Philosopher like) pulchrè ioylily well, said but intèrim in the mean while ego I angor am vexed dolóre with the grief. Salutáre to salute per alium another. Salúta salute thou meos my parent's parents (do my commendations to my parents.) Sakíta salute consùlem the Consul pastórem the Pastor socrum my wife's mother affinem my cousin (by marriage) meo in my nomìne name vel or meis with my verbis words. Quò whither vadis goest thou Nicholaè O Nicholas? Rectà strait forth in patrìam into the country. Resist stop (or stay) paulisper a little while, est there is business quoth the which mandem I may commit tibi to you. (There is somewhat which I should give in charge to you.) Sed but sarcìna a pack non conuènit squareth (or suiteth not) pedìtis to a footman (it is not fit for a footman to bear a truss or fardel.) Non impónam I will not put upon tibi thée magnum a great onus burden. Autem but quid what rei thing est is it?  that amanter lovingly salútes you salute meis verbis with my words omnes all praeceptóres the masters (or teachers,) et and meos my familiáres' familiars (or friends or acquaintance) in in rostochiána Rostock Academiavniversitie. Simo if impónis you impose (or la●e on me) nihil aliud sarcìnae no other packs praeter besides salutatiónes salutations, facìlè easily perfèram I shall bear it through (to the ways end.) Autem and (or but) ego I, ne lest that facias thou mayst (or shouldest do) istud this thing gratis without reward (for nothing) precor do pray ut that Christu● Christ sit be tibi to thee comes a companion itinèris of the journey. Quod that which precáris thou prayest for Deus God faxit grant. Enim for si if habuèro I shall have Christum Christ comìtem a companion itinèris of the way (or journey) scio I know me that I satìs enough esse am munítum fenced (or fortified) contra against omnia all pericùla dangers. Formùlae formes interrogandi of ask de concerning valetudìne health. Georgius George. Lucas Luke, G. Ne whether vales are you in good health? L. Contempláre behold diligently vultum my countenance. G. Quin why, not magis rather jubes dost thou bid me (to look diligently upon) lotium thy water (or urine?) An whether putas thinkest thou, me that I (am) medicum a physician? Non rogo I ask not an whether valeas thou be in good health, nam for ipsa thy very fancies face loquìtur speaketh (or telleth) te that thou valére art in health bellè well (or goodly,) said but quomòdo how placeas canst thou please (or delight) tibi thyself? L. Corpus my body quidem indéed habet hath bellè well (is well) said but est it is anìmo to my mind malè ill (my mind is not well) G. At but non valet he is not in good health, qui which labórat is ill at ease ista in that part part. L. Sic so meae my res matters habeut have (go or are,) corpus my body valet is well, said but cruména my purse aegrótat is sick G. Mater thy mother medebitur will cure isti this morbo disease facilè easily.  how valuisti haste thou done (been in health) hueusque hitherto? L. Variè after a diverse manner, uti as res the things (or matters) mortalium of mortal men sunt be. G. Fuistíne whether hast thou been semper alwaies prospèrâ of (or in) prosperous valetudìne health? Prosperrìma of most prosperous, gratia thankes Deo to God. Ego I beneficio through the favour (or bountifulness) Dei of God perpetuò continually valui have been in health bellissìmè most goodly (or pleasantly.) hactèous hitherto f●i I have been bona in good valetudìne health. G. Deus God faxit grant ut that istud this (that) thing (or benefit) sit be perpetuum continuall et and proprium thine own. Audio I hear istud that thing laetus joyful, gratùlor I rejoice in the behalf of tibi thee. Gratias thankes (be) Deo to God. Habeo I have (or yield) gratiam thankes Deo to God, ago I give Deo to God gratias thankes maxìmas very great quantas as (how great as) possum I can. Sed but fuit hath there been tibi to thee intèrim in the mean while nihil nothing molestiae of trouble (no disquiet or tediousness?) L. Nihil nothing (or none) nisi except quòd that non licuit it was not lawful (I might not) frui enioy vestra your consuetudìne acquaintance (or company.) Malè valére to be ill (or infirm.) G. Ne whether vales art thou in health rectè well (or rightly?) A. Quidem indeed vellem I would Non valeo I am not in health per omnia in all things (parts) v●cumque howsoeuer valeo I am strong. Non bene valeo I am not in good health corpòse in body admòdum very much ut as soleo I am wont. Valeo I am in health ut as visum est it hath seemed good Deo to God. Valeo I am in state secus otherwise quàm than vellem I would. ut as solent they are wont, quibus to whom res matter, (business or dealing) cum medìcis with physicians est is, G. Deus God avertat turn (it) away (forefend,) narras thou tellest rem a matter peracerbam very sour (or unpleasant) mihi to me. Oportet it behooveth (that) this thou be bono anìmo of a good courage. Oportet it behooveth (that) praestes thou declarest te thy selfe virum a man. Esto be thou forti of a strong infractóque and not discouraged anìmo mind (or spirit) contra against morbum the disease. Bonus anìmus a good courage multùm much juvat helpeth in mala re in a bad matter. Quo morbo with what disease tenèris art thou halden? Quis morbus what disease tenet holdeth te thee? Quid morbi what disease habes hast thou? Quo morbo of what disease laboras art thou sick? 〈◊〉. Nescio I know not, et and ideò therefore labóro I am sick periculosiùs the more dangerously. G. Dicis thou sayest verum true. Dicis thou sayest rectè rightly. Enim for primus gradus the first degree ad sanitátem unto health est is novisse to know morbum the dísease. Ne whether consuluisti haste thou asked counsel of nullum medìcum no physician? L. Equìdem truly multos many. G. Quid what respondent do they answer? L. Alius one negat saith no, alius another censet déemeth deliberandum that advisement must be taken. In ho● in this omnes all consentiunt do agree me that I esse am misèrum miserable. G. Quantum tempòris how much time est is it, quòd that ho● malum this evil corripuit hath taken (or caught) to thee? Quamprídem how long habet holdeth te thee hic morbus this dísease: L. Octo dies eight days. jam now est it is fermè almost intèger mensis a whole month. Malè habeo I have been ill tres three, quatuor four, aut or quinque intègroes menses ●●ue whole months. labóre I am (or have been) sick jam now decimum mensem the tenth month. Aegróto I am (or have been) sick jam already intègrum an●●m a whole year. G. Genseo I think good adniténdum that greatly it must be endeavoured ne that not morbus the dísease fiat become familiáris familíar. Num whether est is it hydrops a dropsy? I. Negant they say no. g. Num whether dysenteria the bloody flux? I. Non arbitror I suppose not. g. Num whether febris a fever? I. Credo esse I believe that it is. g. Qualisnam of what sort (or manner) est is febris the feaner? Continuance whether continual, an or quotidiána quotídian (that happeneth every day) an or tertiána tertian (that happeneth every third day) an or quartána quartan (that happeneth on every fourth day?) I. Opinor I suppose esse it to be novam speciem a new kind febris of fever, ut as nunc now a days subinde ever now and then novi morbi new diseases exoriuntur do arise out (or spring forth) incognìti vnknowne antèhac heretofore. g. At but truly erat there was plum above (or more than) satis enough vetèrum of old ones. l. Ita so visum est it hath seemed good Deo to God punienti punishing nova peccáta new sins novis morbis with new diseases. g. Quoto die on what day recurrit cometh again dolour the pain? l. Quoto die on what day narras sayest thou? Imò yea quotidie daily, saepiùs oftner quàm than Eurípus (an arm of the sea that ebbeth and floweth seven times in a day.) g. O malum O evil abominandum to be abhorred! Vnde from whence contraxisti haste thou gotten morbum the disease? Vnde from whence suspicáris dost thou suspect (or suppose) hoc mali that this evil esse collectum hath been taken (or gathered?) l. Ex inedia out of hunger (or lack of meat and drink.) g. At but non soles thou art not wont usque adeò so much esse to be superstitiósus superstitious, ut that macèras te thou spendest (or consumest thyself) jejunio with fasting. l. Non erat it was not religio religion, said but inopia poverty. Enim for cibus meat non dabátur was not gíuen. Arbìtror I judge natum that it was bred è frig òre out of cold: crudìtas the rawness stomàchi of the stomach contracta est was contracted è crudis malis from raw apples. g. Vide see (or take heed) ne least that concilláris thou hast procured hoc mali thís euíll tibi to thyself ex out of immodìco unmeasurable aut or intempestívo unseasonable study study, aut either ex largióre potatióne out of more abundant drinking (more than custom was, or more than enough) aut or ex ebriétate out of drunkenness. Sed but cur wherefore non accersis goest not thou to call (or fetch) medicum the Phistian? l. Timeo I fear ne least that augeat he may increase morbum the disease citìus sooner quàm than curet may cure (it.) Metuo I fear ac least that det he may give venénum poyson pro in steed of remedio a remedy. g. Igìtur therefore est he is diligendus to be beloved, cui whom fidas thou mayst trust tu●ò safely. l. Si if moriendum est I must die, malo I have rather mori to die semel once, quàm than excarnificátus be rended in pieces (or tormented) tot pharmàcis with so many medicines. g. Igìtur then fac do, ut that ipse thou sis mayst be Medìcus a Physitiam tibí to thyself. Sì if diffídis thou distrustest homìni a man Medìco being a Physician, precor I pray ut that Deus God sit may be tibì to thee vice in steed Med●ci of a Physician. Sunt there are they qui which indúti clad veste with a garment Monàchi of a Monk convaluérunt have recovered health. l. Idem the same thing fortasse peraduenture evenisset would had happened, si if fuissent they had been recti couered pelle with the skin Leónis of a Lyon. Verùm but ista these things nihil nothing condúcunt are profitable diffidenti to one distrusting. g. Igìtur then fide trust ut that reviviscas thou mayst come to thine old state agaíne (or recover.) Alij some sunt are leuáti eased morbo of a disease, votis vows (or promises) nuncupátis made solemnly (with formal words) alicui to some one diuórum of the Saints. l. At but ego I non paciscor do not make covenant cum divis with the saints. g. Proinde therefore pete tu craus thou beneficium the benefit sanitátis of health à Christo from Christ cui whom fi dis thou trustest. l. At ego but I nescio know not an whether sit it be beneficium a benefit. g. An non est whether is it not beneficium a benefit liberári to be freed morbo from a disease? Nonnunquam sometimes est it is felicius more happy mori to die. Ego autem but I peto do crave nihil nothing à Christo of Christ, nisi except quod which sit is (or may be) optìmum best. g. Tu quidem thou indeed philosopháris dost philosophise (or philosophically treat) piè godlily. Enim for cùm when petìmus we ask (or crave) à Deo of God bona good things necessaria necessary ad hanc vitam for this life, semper always addendum est we must add, Domìne O Lord si tu vis if thou wilt. Autem but spiritualia spirítuall et and aeterna eternall bona good things sunt are petenda to be asked à Deo of God sine without ulla any conditióne condition. Sed but vale farewell mi Luca my Luke. l. Charissìme Georgi O most dear George vale et tu farewell thou also in crastìnùm till to morrow. Alius dialògus another dialogue. g. Fuitne whether hath been hoc iter this journey faustum lucky et commòdum and commodious tibi to thee? l. Sic satis so enough (indifferently) nìsi quod saving that nihil nothing usquam in any place est tutum is safe à latronìbus from robbers. g. Aduènis comest thou pedes a footman an eques or a horseman? I. Partim partly itinère by a going pedèstri ou foot, partim partly Vehicùlo by Wagon, partim partly equo on horse, partim partly navigio by sailing (or shipping.) g. Quo in statu in what state sunt are res Belgìcae matters of Belgica (or of the low Countries.) l. Sanè truly turbul ento in a turbulent (or full of troubles.) Sunt there are magnae minae great threats bellórum of wars. g. Sed but omittámus let us omit haec these matters. Enim for nihil nothing is nobis to us (we have nothing to do) cum mart with war. Quomòdo how habent have (or go) tuae res thine own matters? l. Been well, pulchrè goodlily, optìmè very well. g. Nun whether not agìtur is it done (or fallen forth) been well tecum with thee? l. Optimè very well, felicissìmè most happily. g. Nun whether not utèris dost thou take profit of prospèro statu the prosperous estate fortúnae of fortune? l. Imo nay rather maxìmè adverso the greatly unfortunate. Res the matter non potest esse cannot be in pejóri statu in a worse state. g. Non cepisti hast thou not taken, quod captábas that which thou didst go about to take? Non contìgit praeda hath not the prey happened, quam venabaris which thou didst hunt? l. Venábor equìdem I did hunt indeed, sed iráta Diána but Diana being angry. g. Est is there nihil spei no hope reliquum remaining? l. Permultum spei very much hope, said but nihil rei no thing (or matter.) g. Consul ostendit nihil spei doth the Consul show no hope (put in no hope?) l. Tota plaustra all the whole (or every whit of) the Wanes (or Chariets,) totas naves every whit of the ships; sed nihil but nothing praeterea beside. g. Misit nihil adhuc hath he sent nothing as yet? l. Promísit quidem largìter indeed he hath promised largely, said but misit he hath sent ne obòlum quidem not an half penny indeed. Promittit quidem he promiseth indeed multa many things verbis with words, said but praestat he performeth nihil nothing re in the deed. g. Ergò therefore anìmus the mind est is alendus to be fed spe with hope. l. Sed but venture the belly non saginátur is not fatted hac herewith. g. Autem but ideò for that cause eras thou was expeditior the morelight (or readier) ad iter for the journey, quòd because esset there was nihil onèris no burden in zona in purse. l. Fateor I confess, atque etiam and also tutior the safer. Enim for sunt there are nulla arma no weapons certióra suerer adversùs latrónes against robbers by the high way. Sed ego malim but I can be more williug of et both onus the burden et and pericùlum the danger. g. Nihilne whether nothing ademptum est hath been taken away tibi from thee in via in the way? l. Mihíne what from me? Quaeso I pray quid cripias what caused thou take away nudo from a naked one? Erat there was alijs to others citìus sooner (more likely) pericùlum danger à me by (or from) me. Licuit it was lawful mihi for me vacuo viatóri an empty traveller (I an empty traveller might) per totum iter through the whole journey (all the way along) canère to sing et and osuríre to hunger. g. Quò autem but whither nunc abis departest thou now? l. Rectà strait, way domum home solutatúrus to salute uxórem wife et and parent's parents non visos not seen jam diu a great while. g. Precor I pray ut that illie there offendas you may find omnia all things laeta pleasant (or lucky.) l. Vtìnam would that Deus God velit be willing ita so. Extìtit hath there been (or happened) nihil novi no news nostrae domi at our house intèrim in the mean time? g. Nihil none (or nothing) nisi unlesse quòd that reperies thou shalt find familiam the family auctam increased, nam for tua gallína thy Hen pepèrit hath laid tibi for thee pulchrum ovum a fair (or goodly) egg. l. Nuncias thou showest tidings benè well. Pro hoc nuncio for this news do I give tibi to thee munus a gift (or present) videlicet to wit, novum Testamentum the new Testament eleganter finely excústim imprinted Lutetiae at Paris recèns lately. g. Itame Deus amet so God love (help) me, pulchrum evangelium it is a fair Gospel. Hoc munus this gift est is longè gratissìmum fare most acceptable mihi to me. Dispiciam I will consider in mind (or look about diligently) unde by what means possim I may be able pensare to recompense hoc donum this gift. l. Puta think te that thee pensasse hast recompensed abundè abundantly (or enough) si i. boni consuluèris thou wilt take in good worth. Alius another. g. Ne whether adfers bringest thou nihil nothing nouárum rerum of new matters ex Patria from one Country? Portas bearest (or bringest thou) nihil novi no news à nostris from ours? Quaenam nova what new things nuncias tellest thou? l. Permultá nova very many new matters at nihil veri but nothing true. Adfèro I bring tantum mendaciórum so great lies, quantum as vix scarce una navis one ship vehat can carry. g. Igìtur then exonèra te unburden thyself quamprímum as soon as can be possibly, ne lest that succumbas thou fall under tanto onèri so great a burden. l. nihil habeo I have nothing praeter ea besides those things. quae which jactantur are spoken of in Tonstrínis in Barber's shops, in vehicùlis in wagens, et in navibus and in ships. g. Quid what, no whether est is nostra patria out country immúnis free à pestilèntia from the pestilence? l. Non omníno not altogether, said but non est it is not perpetua continual (without intermission:) aliquando sometimes remittit it slacketh sese itself, deinde afterwards recrudescit it waxeth grievous again. g. Nun erat was there not satis malórum enough of evils, ubi when bellum warre grassatur assaileth (or cometh on with violent rage?) l. Erat quidem there was indeed, nisi unless alìter otherwise visum est it had seemed good Deo to God. g. Oportet there must needs esse be caritátem a scarcity annónae of victual istic there. l. Est there is inopia a scarcity omnium rerum. of all things illic there praeterquam except sceleratórum militum of mischievous soldiers. g. Vbi where milìtes souldiers dominantur do bearesway, ibi there parcunt they spare nec neither sacris templis the sacred temples nec nor ipsis Musis the Muses themselves. l. Rectè igitur rightly therefore et sapienter and wisely Xenòphon inquit Xenophon saith: pax peace vidétur séemeth hominìbus to men esse to be magnum bonum a great good, bellum verò but war magnum malum a great evil. Sed but non morábor te I will not cause thee to tarry diutiùs any longer. Alias at another time colloquémur we will confer pluribus with more words, come when erit it shall be commòdum commodious utríque for both. Nunc nom quaedam negotia certain businesses vocant me call me aliò to another place. Alius dialògus another dialogue. g. Audio I hear te that thou nuper lately revisisse returnedt● to see Patriam thy Country l. Reuísi I went again to see. Enim for non vidèram I had not seen meos parents my parents diu a good while. Non potèram In as not able diutiùs far any longer to abide desiderium the lack (or absence) Patriae of Country et amicórum and of friends. g. Fecisti piè thou hast done godlily, humánus es thou art humane (or friendly) qui which cogitas thinkest on ista these things. Omnes enim for all we ducimur are led quodam admirabili amore with a certain wonderful love ejus regionis of that region, quae which aluit hath nourished (or bred) et edìdit and hath brought forth nos us. Sed dic quaeso but tell I pray quonam in loco in what state illic there offendisti foundest thou omnia all things? l. Vniversa universal things nova new: omnia all things mutáta changed. Vidébar mihi I seemed to myself (me thought) venire to come in alium mundum into another world. Vixdum abfuèram I had scarcely been absent decennium the space of ten years, mirábar I wondered at omnia all things non secus no otherwise, quàm than Epimenìdes princeps somniat órum Epimenides the chief of dreamers, vix scarce tandem when all came to all expergefactus wakened out of sleep. g. Quaenam est ista fabùla what is that tale? l. Dicam quìdem I will tell it indeed, si vacat if there be leisure audíre to hear. g. Nihil nothing fuèrit shall be jucundius more pleasant (or acceptable.) l. Igìtur then jube commaund sellam that a stool cum puluíno with a cushion poni be set mihi for me. g. Rectè admònes thou dost well put in mind, nam for sedens sitting mentiéris thou wilt lie commodiùs the more handsomely. l. Historìci the historians fabulantur do fable de Epimenìde concerning Epimenides quodam one (or a certain man) Cretensi of Crete, qui which gratiâ for the cause deambulandi of walking abroad folus alone egressus urbem passed forth of (or passed beyond) the City, cùm when as subìta vi through a sudden violence pluviae of rain: compellente constraining ingressus having entered in quandam speluncam into a certain Cave obdormisset had fallen fast a sleep, continuárit he continued somuum the sleep quadraginta septem perpetuos annos forty seven whole years. g. Sed benè actum est but it was well brought to pass cum Epimenìde with Epimentdes qui which tandem at the last redijt returned ad se unto himself. Multi docti many learned men nunquam expergiscuntur never awake à suis somnijs from their dreams. Sed facis but thou dost ut est dignum as is beseeming Poéta a Peet. Perge igìtur go forward then mentiri to lie. l. Epimenides igìtur Epimenides then solútus somno loosed from sleep (broad awaked) prodit cometh forth èsspelurica out of the Cave, circumspìcit looketh round about, videt omnia mutáta seethe all things changed, Sylvas Woods, ripas banks, slumìna rivers, arbòres trees, agros fields, breuìter briefly, nihil nothing non novum not new (every thing new.) Accédit he cometh ad Vrbem unto the City, percontatur he asketh questions, manet he abideth illic there aliquandiu a certain while, neque neither novit knew quenquam any man, neque nor agnìtus est was known (or acknowledged) à quoquam by any one. Cultus the attire homìnum of men alius was of another sort, nec neither vultus the countenance idem the same, sermo the speech mutátus changed, mores the manners diversi divers. Neque neither miror do I wonder hoc that this thing evenisse happened Epimenide to Epimenides post tantórum annórum after so many years, cùm whereas idem the same thing propemòdum in a manner evenèrit happened Epimenìdi to Epimenides post tantum annorum after so many years. g. Quid what (what say you of) uterque parens both parents (both father and mother) vivuntne whether are they living? l. ambo both vivunt do live, & and valent do hold out (or are heart-whole, or are of ability,) uteunque howsoever confecti weakened (or feeble) senio through old age, morbo disease denìque and in conclusion calamitáte through the calamity bellórum of wars. g. Haec est comoedia this is the comedy humánae vitae of man's life. Humánae res humane matters sunt are tales such ut that nihil nothing duret doth endure (or continue) in eódem statu in the same state (the matters of mankind are after such a manner, as that nothing can continue in one stay.) De inssituenda ratióne of disposing the manner studiórum of studies rectè rightly. Discipùlus the scholar & and praeceptor the master. d. Mi charissime praeceptor my most dear master cupio I desire audìre to hear ex te of thee breuìter briefly, quae ratio what manner (or way) studórum of studies sit may be (or is) instituenda to be appointed rectè rightly, si if modò so that ocium leasure est be tibi to you, & tempus and time commòdum convenient his rebus for these matters. p. Adolescens O youth, tu quidem thou indeed captasti tempus hast watched a time commòdum convenient. Deinde moreover illud tuum liberále & honestum desiderium that thy free and honest desire libenter gladly anteferrem I should set more by vel even meis maxìmis occupationìbus than my greatest employments. Quare wherefore praefatione prefacing omissa being omitted, ut that & both meliùs cognoscam I may better know tuum ingenium thy nature (or wit,) & magis probem tibi and may more prove to thee meam benevolentiam my good will erga te towards thee, simplicìter plainly interròga ask me me de rebus concerning things singùlis every one by itself (or in particular concerning every thing one after another) quas which cupis thou desirest scire to know. d. Facis thou dost piè godlily & honestè honestly, clarissime praeceptor. O most renowned master, quòd because non grauáris you are not loath crudíre to instruct me me beneuòlè fauerably de his tantis rebus concerning these so great matters. Itàque therefore primùm first cupio I desire scire to know ex te of you quisnam praecipuus sit finis what is the chief end nostrórum studiórum of our studies, ad quem unto the which, velut ad scopum as it were unto a mark (or butt) omnes nostri labóres all our labours discendi of learning debeant onght referri to be referred. p. Tu quidem thou indeed rectè ordíris dost tightly begin ab hac questióne from this question. Intellecto enim scopo for the mark being understood et meta and the goal, ad quam tendìmus unto which we make toward, poterìmus elìgère we shall be able to choose facilitìs more easily etiam also media the means ducentia leading rectà strait way ad istam metam unto that goal (or butt.) Autem but sunt there are duae propriae et praecipuae dotes homìnis two proper and chief gifts of man, quibus by which antecellit he excelleth relìquo genèri the other kind animantium of living creatures, ratio reason et and oratio speech. His by these excultis garnished studiósè studiously et and rectè rightly, homìnes men praestant do excel non solùm not only caetèris animalìbus other living creatures, verùm but inter se among themselves alii some praestant do excel aliis hominìbus other men. Igìtur therefore studia the studies literárum of learning sunt are dirigenda to be directed ad hosce duos fines unto these two ends proxìmos next et immediátos and immediate, ut that excolámus we may adorn ratiónem reason sapientia by (or with) wisdom, seu or cognitióne by the knowledge Dei of God, natúrae of nature, legum of laws, et virtúte and by virtue: et and comparémus may get nobis to ourselves facultátem the faculty oratiónis of speech explicantis expressing (or declaring) bonas res good things (or matters) purè ac perspicuè purely and plainly. d. Extant ne whether are high duo fines these two ends nostrórum studiórum of our studies descripti set down (or described) apud authóres among others breviorìbus verbis in shorter words? p. Maxìmè yes truly. Perìcles enim for Pericles apud Thucydidem in Thucydides breuìter briefly et rotundè and handsomely (or compactly) nomìnat expresseth; Scire to know quae what thiugs oportet it behooveth scire to know, et & posse to be able elòqui to utter aptly ca those things: Luciánus autem but Lucian àppellat calleth (or nameth) them, cognitiónem the knowledge terum of things, et and facultátem the faculty explicandi of declaring (or expounding) eas them disertè eloquently (or elegantly, id est that is, sapientiam wisedome et and eloquentiam eloquence. d. Quid autem but what vocas do you call sapientiam wisdom? p. Sapientiam wisdom, ut as sacrae litèrae the sacred Scriptures loquuntur do speak, nominámus we term veram notitiam the true knowledge Dei of God, et and aliárum bonárum terum of other good things, coniunctam joined cum vera pietáte with true devotion erga Deum towards God; stultitiam verò but folly, ignoratiónem the not knowing, (or the lack of knowledge) Dei of God, et and inobedientiam disobedience erga Deum towards God. d. Quid autem est eloquentia but what is eloquence? p. Plato definite Plato doth define eloqùentiam eloquence gravissìmè most substantially, posse to been able (au ability) dicère to speak grata things acceptable Deo to God. Name for ad hunc ultìmum finem unto this last and omnes homines all men debent refer aught to refer omnes suas actiónes all their actions, ut that Deus condìtor God the Creator agnoscátur may be acknowledged et colátur and worshipped à nobis of us rectè rightly. 1 Cor. 10. Facìte omnia do ye all things ad gloriam Dei to the glory of God. Quapropter wherefore et both in nostris studiis in our studies, et and in actionibus in the actions totíus vitae of the whole life; sempet always haec utilissima regula this most profitable rule debet esse ought to be in conspectu in sight. Fac make Deum God exordium the beginning et finem and the end terum of things. Sit igìtur let therefore be, finìs the end nostrórum studiorum of our studies, sapiens et eloquens piètas wise and eloquent godliness, D. Dic quaeso tell I pray, ex quibus doctrinis out of what doctrines illa sapientia that wisdom et eloquentia and eloquence potissimum most chief sit is petenda to be fetched. P. Sapientia with wisdom seu rectò judicio or a right judgement de rebus concerning matters dignissìmis most worthy cognitióne of knowledge, mentem homìnis the mind of man instrount there de instruct theologia divinity, et philosophia and philosophie, qua whereby (or wherein) complectìmur we comprehend, scientiam the knowledge legum of laws seu or praeceptótum of precepts de morìbus concerning manners, historias (and) histories, quae exempla legum suppedìtant which find (or minister sufficiently) the examples of laws, cognitiónem naturalium terum (and) the knowledge of natural things, et mathemàta and the learn by demonstration (or the mathematical arts.) D. Ad intelligendam Oratiónem to understand the speech aliórum of others, et and ad formandam nostram rectè to frame ours rightly quid praecipuè requirìtur what chief is required? P. Artes dicendi the arts of speaking, inprímis especially grammatìcae the grammars linguae Latínae of the Latin tongue, et Graecae and of the Greek, et Ebraeae and of the Hebrow, docent do teach intelligère rectè rightly to understand oratiónem the speech in sacris et prophánis scríptis in holy and profane writings sapientium et eloquentium authórum of wise and eloquent authors. Quarum linguárum monumentis in the monuments of which languages cùm seeing that praecipuae artes et historiae the chief acts and histories contìneantur are contained, cognitio the knowledge eárum of them est is velut as it were janna a gate et elavis and a key qua whereby aditus an entrance aperítur is opened ad scientiam unto the knowledge doctrinárum of learn. Verò but ad formandam nostram oratiónem rectè to frame our own speech rightly, praeter artes dicendi besides the arts of speaking, idonea natúra a fit nature, et lectio & the reading atque imitatio & also the imitating eloquentium scriptórum of eloquent writers, et assidua exercitatio and the continual exercise dicendi of speaking acscribendi & of writing inprímis est necessaria is above other (principally) necessary. D. Cùm autem but whereas praecepta artium dicendi the precepts of the arts of speaking non sint finis are not the end nostrórum studiórum of our studies, said but instrumenta instruments tantummòdo only, quibus whereof in illis summis artìbus in those greatest arts, quae which continent do contain fontes the fountains sapientiae of wisedame et eloquentiae and of eloquence, et gubernant and do govern actuentur and maintain humanám vitam man's life, est nobis opus there is to us need (we have need) ut memìni as I remember te disserère that you did discourse inter docendum at (or between) teaching, cupio scire ex te I desire to know of you, quantum tempòris how much time sit tribuendum is to be bestowed istis artìbus on those arts? P. Adolescens O lad, moans me thou puttest me in mind rectè well. Non enim for not tota aetas the whole age debet assúmi ought to be taken up in comparando instrumento in getting the instrument (or means) dialecticae of logic et Rhetorìcae and of Rhetoric? Sed praeceptis cognìtis but the precepts being known necessariis necessary ad judicandum et dicendum rectè to judge and speak rightly de rebus of matters (quae which possunt may facilè easily percìpis be perceived et cognosci and known intra unum annum within one year, si fidélis monstrátor if a faithful shower contingat chance studióso adolescenti to a studious youth) statim forthwith progrediendum est it is to be proceeded (one muit go forward) ad summas unto the chief points artium of the arts, quae contìuent which do contain doctrínam the knowledge (or doctrine) terum of things (or matters,) et and exercitatio the exercise praeceptórum of the precepts adjungenda is to be adjoined. d. Ergo therefore ut as in caetèris artibus mechanicis in other mechanical arts, ita so in studiis in the itudies doctrinarum of learnings, judicas thou judgest esse it to be usum solum use alone (or only) qui faciat which can make artifìces eunning workmen? P. Maximè yea truly, praesertim especially si if natura idonea a fit nature, si if magister a master boni judicii of a good judgement, seu or gubernator a guider (or director) exercitatiónis of the exercise usu perítus by experience skilful et fidélis and faithful accédat be added to. D. Constitúto igitur fine studiórum the end then of studies being constituted, quem which dixisti you said esse to been sapientem et eloquentem pietatem wise and eloquent godliness, quid porrò agendum est u hat further is to be done? P. primùm first of all ordine certo in a certain (or true) order, quem fidus et usu petitus praeceptor monstrábit which a faithful and by experience a skilful teacher shall show, attes the arts necessariae necessary vitae for life discendae are to belearned, et velut and as it were per gradus by the degrees scalárum of ladders transeundum est it is to be passed (proceeded) ab inferioribus from the lower ad ●uperiéres unto the higher. D. Fortasse peraduenturs eo consilio for that intent fapiens antiquitas wise antiquity instituit appointed gradus degrees in scholis in schools, et distinxit and distincted (or distributed) arts ipsas the arts themselves, ut that videlìcet to wit singùlos every one severally velut in classes at it were into forms suo loco in its own (or proper) place distribùtas divided, ordìne et tempòre convenient in a convenient order and time juvenílis aetas young age facilius et rectiùs more easily and more rightly posset percipère may (or might) learn (or comprehend.) P. Rectè sentis thou thinkest rightly (thou art of a right opinion) nam impossibile est for it is impossible, ut quis that any one faciat can do multa many things simul together et eàdem and the same rectè well, ut as Xenòphon dixit Xenophon said verissimè most truly. Et lex Platònis and the law of Plato est sapientissima is most wise, quae which jubet biddeth unumquemque civem every Citizen discère et profitéri to learn & profess unam artem one art tantummòdo only. Quare wherefore quamcunque artem what art soever adolescentes youths de consilio praeceptóris by the master's counsel instituent discère shall begin to learn; Cognoscant eam let them know it initio in the beginning ex unico libello out of one alone little book tantiùm only, qui which erudíta methòdo with a learned method explicet may unfold sumniam artis the sum of the art distribútam divided in certos locos into certain (or set) places: Nec neither interea in the mean while sumant in manus let them take into hands alios libellos other little books ejusdem argumenti of the sapre argument, priusquam before that edidicèrist illum they have learned it without book. D. Quae what things asseruisti you have affirmed de summis artium concerning the sums of arts discendis to be learned tantùm only ex unìco libello out of one alone little book conscripto written methòdìce methodically, (or, what things concerning learning the sums. etc.) Omnia illa all those things probantur mihi are approved of me, Nunc portô now further cupio audíre ex te I desire to hear of you, quid sit agendum mihi praecipuè what is to be done of me chief in lectióne bonórum authórum in reading of good authors. P. In lectióne authórum in reading of authors (ut nihil dicam that I say nothing, de diligenti auscultatióne of diligent harkening et priuáta repetitióne and private repeating, quae nullo modo est negligenda which by no means is to be neglected) utilsimum est it is most profitable, habére to have commúnes locos the common places distribútoes divided certo ordìne in a certain order, ad quos unto which omnia insignia all notable (or remarkable) things et digna cognitióne and worthy of knowledge, quae occurrunt which occur in lectióne authórum in reading of authors, annotentur may be noted (or registered) et digerantur and may be digested velut in certas classes as it were into certain ranks. D. Sed huic admonltióni but to this advertisement de colligèndis communìbus locis concerning gathering common places in certum librum into a certain book dictum platónis the saying of Plato in Phaedro in Pheadrus vidétur refragári seemeth to be against, quod monet which advertiseth, litèras et scripta that letters and writings adferre do bring (or afford or procure) magis rather occasiónem occasion oblivióni et desidiae to forgetfulness and slothfulness, quàm than praesidium help (or furtherance) memoriae to memory et and doctrínae to learning. Memìni etiam I also remember te vsurpáre that you use hanc sententiam this sentence crebris sermònìbus in often speeches: Vnusquisque existìmet let every one account se scire tantum that he know so much, non quanrum not as adservat scriptum he keepeth written in libris in books; said but quantum as (or how much) tenet he holdeth memoria in memory fidelìter faithfully, et and habet promptum ready, ubi when as res matter ac usus and use postùlat requireth. P. Vera quidem sunt they are true things indeed, quae dicis which thou sayest: sed tamen but notwithstanding habeo I have quod respondeam what I can answer. Etsi although illa those things quae which quis any one cupit desireth meminisse to remember et scire and to know, debet inscribère he aught to write in non chart is not papers, sed anìmo but the mine; tamen notwithstanding high indìces these inderes (or summaries) et thesaúri and treasures locorum of places, plùrimùm prosunt do very much profit, ad recordationem unto remembrance eórum of those things, quae antea legìmus which we have read afore, aut didicìmus or have learned, et velot instructum penu sunt and are as it were a furnished store (or provision) ex quo whereout studiósi adolescentes studious youths possunt depromère may fetch forth copiam plenty optimarum rerum of the best things, sententiárum sentences, similitudinum similitudes, historiárum histories, et alia and other things hujus genèris of this kind cùm dicendum aut scribendum est when as it is to be spoken or written de alìqua re of any matter. D. Quid igìtur de memoria sciendum est what then is to be known concerning memory, qùam Plutarch nomìnat which Plutarch nameth promptuarium eruditiónis the storehouse of learning? P. Praecipuus custos the chief keeper et thesaúrus and treasure eruditiónis of learning est is memoria memory, cui excolendae for adorning the which, et formandae and making into fashion assiduo labóre ediscendi by the daily labour of learning by heart singùli studiósi every student debébunt shall be bound tribu ère certum tempus to bellow a certain time singùlis diébus in every day. D. De arte autem memoriae but concerning the art of memory, de qua whereof audio I hear Simonìden Chium that Simonides of Chios (or Caeos) et postea nonnullos alios and afterward some others tradidisse have delivered quaedam certa praecepta certain sure precepts, quid dicis what say you? P. Etsi although constat it is manifest memoriam iuvári diaetâ that the memory is helped by diet, et bona valetudìne and good health et loco silenti and by a silent place, et matutíno tempòre and by the morning time, et certis notis and by certain notes (set marks:) tamen yet notwithstanding ars memoriae the art of memory omnium optìma et certissìma est is the best and surest of all, ediscère to con without book multa many things assiduè daily (or continually,) et saepe repetère and often to repent mandáta memoriae things committed to memory, ac ad usum transfer and to turn unto use. Si enim for if discentes learners neglìgènt will neglect (or have little regard to) memoriam memory, et sinent and will suffer (it) eneruári to be weakened otio through idleness desidia slothfulness, torpóre drowsiness, aut deliciis delights, labour discendi the labour of learning erit will been non mimìs inánis not less vain et supervacáneus and superfluous, quàm si then if interea in the mean time scribèrent they did write in aqua in water, aut or mandárent did commit semìna séeds arénae to sand (did sow in the sand.) quare wherefore statuas think thou for a surety unam that one ex praecipuis et maximè necessariis partìbus studiórum of the chief and most necessary parts of studies esse is, frequentem et assiduam exercitatiónem memoriae the frequent and continual exercise of thè memory, et labórem ediscendi multa and the labour of learning by heart many things. Post cultúram memoriae after the due ordering of the memory, quam which dixi I said potissìmum most specially esse is custódem the keeper (or esse potissìmum custódem is the principal keeper) cognitiónis of the knowledge rerum of things, seu or sapientiae of wisdom, praecipuum the chief et maxìmè necessarium instrumentum and most necessary means (or help) verae et solidae eruditiónis of true and sound learnig, est is dilìgens et assidua exercitatio styli the diligent and daily exercise of style (or writing) directa framed ad imitatiónem ac formam eórum according to the imitation and form of them, qui locúti sunt which have spoken prudenter wisely, et perspicuè and plainly, et eleganter and elegantly.  igitur Apelles as therefore Apelles, quoties as often as fecisset he had made (or done, or might had done) nullum opus suae artis no work of his art, velut as it were deplórans' bewailing jactúram the loss diéi of a day: solébat dicère he was wont to say: nullam bodielineam duxi I have drawn no line to day: ita so studiósi adolescentes sinant let (or may) studious youths suffer nullam diem elábi no day to pass (or slip away.) in que wherein non connectant they do not compose vel epistòlam either an Epistle, vel partem orationis or part of an oration, vel versus alìquot or some verses. Ad hanc exercitatiónem styli unto this exercise of style (or penning,) si if accessèrint there shall be added utilissìma instrumenta the most profitable means parandae et confirmandae doctrínae of getting and confirming (or making sure) learning, videlìcet to wit repetitiónes repetitions, et examìna diligent examinations (parsing,) item also disputatiónes disputations, et declamatiónes scholastìcae and scholastical declamations, non dubium est there is no doubt, quin but Deo fortunante nostros labóres God prospering our labours, facultas the ability judicandi of judging (or understanding) et dicendi and of speaking, ac scribendi and of writing rectè rightly, quam initio hujus nostri sermónis which in begìnning of this our speech dixìmus esse finem nostrórum studiórum we said was (or is) the end of our studies, sit secutúra will follow. ex omnìbus autem but out of all the things, quae dicta sunt which are said (or have been spoken) facile vides thou easily seest, quòd dilìgens scholasticus non sit that he is not a diligent scholar, qui vagátur which wandreth in studiis in studies sine certa ratióne et ordìne without certain reason and order, qui audit omnes lectiònes in schola quotidie sine judicio which heareth all lessons (or lectures) in school daily without judgement, omnia dictáta excìpit beareth away all dictates (declarations to be written, or inditures) et coacervat heapeth up together prolixas rapsodias long (or large) rhapsodies (or composures of verses,) vel quotidie perlègit or daily readeth through magnum numèrum paginárum a great number of pages, et grassátur and proceedeth (or goeth on roving) per multos ac varìos authóres through many and sundry authors. Sed qui primùm but he which first of all prudenter prospìcit prudently foreseeth (or looketh unto) finem et metam the end and the goal, ad quam studia sint dirigenda whereunto studies are to be directed: deinde after that rectè elìgit media rightly chooseth the means, necessaria ad assequendum illum finem necessary to attain that end; postea afterward in parandis ac tenendis illis mediis in getting and keeping (or preserving) those means praestat intentiònem anìmi performeth (or maketh) a straining of the mind, curam care, vigilantiam watchfulness, assiduitatem continual duigence, et labórem and labour. Sed de his quidem but about these matters indeed hactènus this fare (or so much.) Ego I quae what things de ratióne discendi concerning the way of learning, et studiis rectè instituendis and rightly framing studies, partim partly memìni have remembered esse to be tradìta delivered à doctissìmis viris by most learned men, partim partly babui have had cognìta known propria experientia by mine own experience, et assiduo usu and by the continual use discendi of learning (or observing) impertívi I have imparted ea those things tibi to thee libenter gladly et fidelìter and faithfully, quae ut sint tibi magno usui the which that they may be (or that the which may be) to thee great profit (or fruìt) precor deum toto pectóre I pray God with my whole heart. d. Quae tu what things you, praestantissìme praeceptor most excellent master, de fine nostrórum studiórum of the end of our studies, de certo ordìne discendi of the certain order of learning, de dìscendis summis artium concerning learning the sums of arts ex uno alìquo libello methodìcè scripto out of some one little book written methodically; de colligendis locis communibus concerning gathering common places: de excolenda memoria of practising (or polishiug) the memory: de exercitatióne styli of exercising of the style (or manner of penning:) de repetitionìbus et examinìbus of repetitions and parsing (or examinations:) Item like wise de disputationìbus et declamationìbus scholastìcis of scholastical dispute & declamations disseruisti prudenter et grauìter you have declared (or discoursed) wisely and weightily, audívi haec cum tanta voluptáte I have heard these things with so great pleasure, ut sperem that I hope illa fore utilissìma that they shall be most profitable non sohìn, mihi not only to me, sed et plurìbus aliis but to others more, cum quibus decrévi communicáre ipsa with whom I have decreed to communicate them. Cùm autem sciam but whereas I know, parem honórem et pretium equinalent (or meet) honour and reward non posse referri rendered (or given) à nobis by us, praeceptoribus to masters, qui impertiunt nobis which impart unto us veram sapientiam true wisdom, oro toto pectòre I beseech with whole heart deum fontem omnis boni et salutáris doctrínae God the fountain of all good and of wholesome (or saving) doctrine, ut rependat tibi gratiam cumulátè that he recompense (or grant) favour to you abundantly pro tuis amplissìmis beneficiis for your very great benefits in me unto me, et labóres nostros gubemet et adjùvet and govern (or direct) and further our labours, et nos omnes doceat et regat and teach and rule us all, ut discámus et doceámus that we may learn and teach grata Christo acceptable things to Christ, et salutaria ecclesiae ipsius ac nobis and saving for his Church and ourselves. Amen. Finis colloquiórum an end of the dialogues (or conferences.) In oratiónem clarissìmi viri. d. johannis Posselii, on the oration of the most famous man, master john Posselius epigramma an Epigram (or superscription.) Maxìma pars the greatest part homìnum of men non cernit perceiveth not quomòdo vivat how it may live; homo a man primùm first discit learneth viuère to live, cùm vixit when he hath lived. Maxima pars juuènum the greatest part of young men non cernit seeth not quomòdo discat how it may learn: discit discère he learneth to learn, ubi negat when as he denieth se didicisse that he hath learned. Sit lex diuína let God's law be nobis to us regùla the rule piae vitae of a godly life; sit ordo bonus let good order be regùla the rule discendi ritè of learning well (or even as it should be.) Quem which haec oratio this oration pingens describing perspicuis signis with evident tokens (or demonstrations) est digna auro is worthy gold, digna Cedro worthy of Cedar (or immortality) probanda scholis to be approved of schools. johannes Frederus D. john Freder doctor. De ratióne concerning the way (or feat) discendae ac docendae linguae latínae ac graecae of learning and teaching the latin and Greek tongue, oratio Iohannis Possellij an oration of john Possellius. Cum when as multa sunt inventa atque institúta many things have been found out and instituted sapienter wisely à majoribus nostris by our ancestors, tum then nihil praeclarius nothing more excellent (was invented and ordained) quàm than quòd than in hisce publìcis congressìbus! in these public assemblies, voluérunt they would non solùm not only idoneis hominìbus by meet men honesta testimonia that honest testimonies vitae ac eruditiónis of life and learning tribui be given (or showed,) sed etiam but also oratiónes that orations habèri us had (or made) de bonis rebus concerning good things, quibus audítis which being heard, juv ènes young men partim rectè erudirentur partly might be truly instructed de suscipienda & ingredienda ratióne studiórum of undertaking and entering into the way of studies; partim excitarentur partly might be stirred up ad amórem literárum & virtútis unto the love of learning and virtue, partim exacuerentur partly might be whetted on (or encouraged forward) currentes sponte running on (or proceeding) willingly. Non enim for (or truly) not ad ostentatiónem eloquentìae aut doctrínae for ostentation of eloquence or learning recitamus we recite (or openly read or publish) nostras oratiónes our orations: Sed ut imperátor bonus et industrins but as a good and industrious commander (or general) instructa acie ín an army set in array (ready to fight,) that giveth tyroníbus to young soldiers quaedam certa praecepta pugnandi certain sure precepts of fight, dedúcit he dissuadeth á timóre from fear perterritos the sore afraid ones, et hottátur and exhorteth parátos ac fortes milìtes the ready furnished and valiant soldiers ad pugnandum strenuè to fight stoutly: ita nos solémus so we are wont in hisce conventìbus in these assemblies et imperitióres docére both to teach the unskilful ones et languentes excitáre and to encourage the languishing (or slothful) once, & inflammáre ad verum decus and to incense unto true honour parátos the ready ones ac ingressos pleno gradu and having (or such as have) made entrance with a great pace (or full stride.) Hi fines cùm nobis in dicendo propositi sint whereas these ends are proposed of us in speaking, non dubium est there is no doubt, quin omnes sapientes viri but all wise men, cùm multos alios vetères et honestos mores both many other ancient and honest customs come and also hos scholasticos gradus these school degrees et spectacùla promotiónum and spectacles of promotions, in quibus de ejusmòdi bonis rebus disserìmus wherein we discourse of good matters of this sort, magnifaciant do make high account of, colant do honour, et putent esse and account to be ornanda things to be adorned et conservanda and to be maintained. Cum autem but whereas hoc tempòre at this time ratio officij the consideration of duty impónat mihi necessitátem imposeth on me a necessity dicendi of speaking, et encomia homìnum praestantium and the praises of excellent men, ac rerum omnium consensione laudatárum and of things praised by the consent of all men, item also parainéseis admonitions et utìles adhortatiónes and profitable exhortations ab alijs by others, qui eloquentia valent which are mighty in eloquence (or are of great eloquence) saepe hic recitátae sunt are here oftentimes recited, breuìter indicáre decréui I have decreed briefly to show, qua ratióne by what way lingua latina et graeca the latin and Greek tongue commòdè discenda et docenda sit is to be learned and taught conveniently (or profitably.) Hoc argumentum etsí oratórem plenum atque perfectum requírit, although this argument requireth a complete and perfect orator: tamen cùm non tam verba et actio dicentis, quám res, quae dicuntur, spectandae sint, yet notwithstanding whereas not so much the words and action of the speaker, as the things, which are said, are to be considered, dicam de hac materia illa I will say of this matter (or argument) those things, quae partìm ipse longo usu, which partly I myself by long use (or practice) partimaliórum prudentium hominum judicio ac testimoniò edoctus partly taught by the judgement and testimony of other prudent men, judicábo vera esse shall judge to be true, et cum ce ipsa congruère and to agree with the matter itself. Ac á vobis, clarissimi viriet studiósi ivuènes, amanter peto, and of you O most famous men, and studious youths (or young men) I crave lovingly (or as a friend) ut me benignè attentéque audiátis that you hear me gently (or favourably) and attentively, quod vestra sponte facìtis which ye do of your own accord. Perficiam enim, deo juvante, for I will perform, God helping, ut fateamini me dixisse non omnino ineptè aut perpèram that ye may confess that I have spoken not altogether from the purpose or amiss, de re tam vtilì et necessaria of a matter so profitable and necessary. Primùm autem vidétur mihi but first of all, it seemeth to me (that it is to be spoken) de tempóre concerning the time, quo puèri in scholas lat tínas ducendi, wherein youths are to brought into latin schools, equi labóres ipsis imponendi sint and what labours (tasks) are to been imposed on them. Deinde de exercitijs scribendi after that of the exercises of writing, et ratióne emendandi scripta, and the way (or reason) to amend writings. Postea afterward quando graeca debeant propóni when Greek matters ought to be propounded, et quo ordìne & modo illa tradi and in what order and manner (these aught) to be delivered. Postrémò de exercitijs grae cis esse dicendum ●ast of all that is to be spoken concerning Greek exercises. Puèri litèris adhibendi sunt boys are to be set to learning anno aetatis sex to vel septìmo in the sixth or seventh year of age, si omníno fièri potest if at all it can be done, tunc enim ingenia for then wits non planè stupida & tarda not utterly (or quite & clean) dull and slow (or hard) ad percipiend●m doctrínam idonea sunt are fit to receive (or conceive) learning. Et simùlac latína legère nouérunt and as soon as they know to read latin (or latin writings,) proponendae sunt illis octo partes oratiónis there are to be propounded to them the eight parts of speech ex puerili alìquo líbello compendiósè scripto out of some puerile (or belonging or fit for youth) little book compendiously written, & assuefiant ad ediscenda paradigmàta declinatiónum & conjugatiónum and let them be accustomed to learn by heart the patterns of the declensions and conjugations, & vocabùla rerum ex compendio Hadriáni junij and the names (or terms) of thing out of the abridgement (or short form) of Hadrian junius aur simili libello or from the like little book, cu●●s germanìca versio cum puerórum idiomàte congruat whose dutch translation may agree with the proper form of speech of the children. Quorsum enim at●●net for to what purpose pertaineth it (tendeth it) puèros reddère verba non intellecta psittàci more that children do render words not understood in Parrot wise (or after the manner of a Parrot,) & eos inutìli labóre oneráre and to burden them with an unprofitable labour? his addátur Cato to these may be added Cato, & similia dicta sententiósa and the like sententious sayings, ex proverbijs Salomonis & Syracìde out of the proverbs of Solomon and out of the son of Syrach, propriè & latíne reddìtis rendered (or translated) properly and after the form and fashion of latin high enim duos authóres for these two authers, longè supèrant omnes gnomològo● scriptóres fare surpass all sentence-uttering writers & rerum bonitáte & figurárum venustáte both in the goodness of the things (or matters) and in the pleasant grace of figures, quae puèris propriè & perspicuè explicentur, which may be expounded to the children properly and plainly, & in cuius repetitióne singùlae voces examinentur, and in the repeating whereof all words particularly may be examined, ut puèri discant that children may learn, & parts oratiónis probè novisse both well to know the parts of speech, & exact nomina & verba inflectère and exactly to decline nouns and verbs In his cùm annum unum aut altèrum exercitàti sunt when as they are (or have been) exercised in these things one year or two, proponenda est ●●●is grammatìca latína the latin grammar is to be propounded (or expounded) to them, breuìter & neruósè summam artis contìnens briefly and pithily containing the sum (or chief) of the art, quae assiduè tractanda, inculcanda, & illustranda est which continually is to be handled, beaten into mind, and to be illustrated, exemplis ex probátis authoribus desumptis by examples taken out of approved authors. Neque ìn his preceptis nimis diu magister ímmorabitur neither in these precepts a master shall abide over long, ut quidem aliquando fit as also truly sometimes it is done, & ego memìni and I remember in quadam schola in a certain school, grammat●cam ad finem perductam esse that the grammar was brought to an end (or finished, or continued,) integro quinquennio in a whole five year's spa●e (or that the grammar was in teaching five whole years) cùm industrius praeceptor possit absolvère came facìlè sex mensium spacio whereas an industrious teacher can easily dispatch it in the space of six months. Neque propter alìquos hebètes & stupìdoes neither by reason of some slow and dull ones, alij bonae indòlis puèri negligendi sunt other boys of good towardness or aptness) are to be neglected. Saepe enim magistri una & eádem opèra for oftentimes masters by one and the same labour, volentes inseruíre multis, ijsque diversi progressus discipùlis willing to serve many scholars, and those of a diverse progress, remorantur & impediunt alios bonos ingenio praedìtos do stay and hinder others endued with a good wit. His igitur qui jam superiorem classem ascendérunt to these therefore which already have come upon (or are passed) the former form, epistòlae Cicerónìs, & similia s●ripta proponenda sunt the epistles of Cicero & the like writings are to be proposed.  autem puèri non nimis di● in discendis praeceptis grammatices detine●di sunt, but as youths are not to be detained over long in learning the precepts of grammar: Sic damnanda & explodenda est illórum sententia so the opinion of them is to be condemned and to be rejected, qui dicunt liberalia ingenia lab●re ediscendi praecepta non oneranda that free wits (or courages) are not to be burdened with the labour of learning by the heart rules (or precepts,) sed linguam latinam lecti●ne bon●rum auth●rum tantum disc●ndam esse but that the latin tongue is only to be learned by the reading of good authors. Etsi enim praecepta & regúlae grammaticae ad re●tè loquendum & scribendum non suffi 〈…〉 unt for although precepts and grammar rules do not suffice unto speaking and writing well: tamen propter maximas & necessarias causas, diligenter & accuratè disci debent yet for very great and necessary causes they ought to be learned diligently and exactly. Et quia his puèris and because unto these boys, quos secundae classis auditores nomìnò whom I term scholars of the second form, authóres proponuntur authors are declared (or read) non tam causa sapienciae seu rerum not so much for the sake of wisdom or matters, quam oratiónis formandae as of forming (or bringing into fashion) the speech praeceptor op●ram dabit the master shall give endeavour, ut singulari diligentia monstret puèris that with singular diligence he do show unto the boys vim & significationem ac pondèra verborum the force and signification, & weightiness of words, item similium seu synonymorum differentias likewise the differences of the like words or synonymaes (words of one signification) phrases the fashions of speaking, compositiónem the composing together, & similem effi●gendae oratiónis ratiónem and the like reason of expressing (or representing) a speech. Quod quò rectiùs & commodiùs fièri possit to the end that the which may be done more rightly and more aptly, ostendat in scriptis Cicerónis he may show in the writings of Cicero, quae locutiónes à materna lingua discédant what speakings do differ from the mother tongue, quomòdo hanc vel illam sententiam germanìcè explicarémus how we should express this or that sentence in duteh, item in quibus vernacùlam linguam imitémur likewise wherein we may imitate the natural language, in quibus verò non and wherein not: ut hac ratióne puèri discant that by this means boys may learn latinitátem à germanismis separá●e to distinguish latin from dutch manners of speaking, & purè & eleganter latínè loqui ac scribère and to speak and to write in latin both purely and elegantly, ac Cicerónis scripta inprímis amáre and especially to love the writing of Cicero, memòres dicti Quintiliáni being mindful of the saying of Quintilian: ille sciat se multùm profecisse, let him know that he hath much profited, cui Cicèro valdè placébit whom Cicero shall greatly like. Ante omnia autem cavendum est but before all things it is to be bewared, ne sine discrimine scriptóres praelegantur that not without difference writers be read (before scholars) & puèri turbentur varia & multiplìci authórum auditióne and boys be troubled with sundry and manifold hearing of authors, constat enim plaerosque authóres for it is manifest that authors for the most part inter se dissimill●mos esse are among themselves very unlike, non solùm tota oratiónis genère none only in the whole kind of speech; sed etiam vocìbus & modis loquendi but also in words and manners of speaking. Quòd multi boni viri hoc nostro tempòre as for that many good men in this our time, qui magnum labórem & studium in scientia aliqua praeclára & utili posuérunt which have bestowed great labour and study in some famous and profitable science, priventur tamen illa vera gloria are notwithstanding deprived of that true glory, quòd non literáta oratióne because not in a learned style (or speech) ea quae tenent those things which they hold possint vel proffer, vel litèris mandáre they can either express, or commit to letters (or writing,) nulla alia causa est there is none other cause quàm infaelicìtas primae aetatis than the misfortune of the first age, quae aptis lection●bus & necessarijs exercitijs which by fit lessons (or readings) and necessary exercises, ad linguam latínam non est informáta was not informed (or fashioned or instructed) unto the latin tongue. Audio I hear say doctissimum virum lo●annem Capni●nem interrogátum that the more 〈…〉 learned man john Capnion being demanded, cur hoc tempòre homìnes non tam docti essent why in this time men were not so learned, quàm temporibus Cicer●nis & Quintili●ni as in the times of Cice●o and Quintilian, respondisse answered, illos tunc habuisse paucos libros that they then had few books, cosque bonos and the same good, quos diligenter & assiduè legendo sibi familiarissimè confecissent w●ich by reading diligently and continually they had made most familiarly known to themselves; Nunc autem homìnes obrùere se variet te & copia librórum but now that men overwhelm (or conthemselues found with the variety and multitude of books. S● verè cogitáre volùmus if we will consider truly, non omnino erravit Capnion Capnion erred not altogether. Nusquam enim est, qui ubíque est for he is no where, which is every where. Et qui, quò destináuit, pervenire vult, and he which will reach through (or come home) whither he hath appointed, unam sequátur vian let him follow one way, non per multas vagétur let him not wander through many: istud non ire sed erráre est that is not to go but towander, ut verè & sapienter-Senèca dixit as Senecasaid truly & wisely. Quare explósa è ludis puerórü praecipuè authórü multitudine wherefore the multitude of authors chief being rejected forth of the schools of children, unum genus sermónis idque optimum proponátur, let one kind of speech and that the best be proposed, in quo tantisper deti 〈…〉 ur wherein so long let them be detained, dum possi●t omnia purè & 〈◊〉 pr●ferre until they can utter all things purely and in latin wi●e, et au 〈…〉 ris 〈◊〉 ac ●lega●tiam loquendo & scribendo utcunque expri●●ère and after a sort express the force and elegancy of the author in speaking and writing: & dum ad alios vetères & recentiores scriptóres tutò admittentur and until they shall be safely admitted unto other ancient and later writers, quos non minori came utilitáte quàm iudicio, pervolutabunt whom they shall turn often over (or read over diligently, not with less profit than judgement. De exercitio latínè loquendi hic non dicam I will not speak here concerning the exercise of speaking of latin. Sciunt enim viri docti & s●pi 〈…〉 for learned and wise men do know, id omníno necessa●ium esse that that is altogether necessary, & sine magno discentium incommodo neglìgi aut omitti non posse and cannot be neglected or omitted without the great hurt of the learners Qualia autem exercitia puèris proponenda sint, but what manner exercises may be to be propounded to youths, paucis indicábo I ●●ill show in sew words, si priús dixèro if I shall afore tell, quibus virtutibus ludimagistri & paedag●gi praediti esse debeant with what virtues schoolmasters and teachers of children ought to be endued. Primùm necesse est eos, qui alios utilìter ●rudire volent, latínè doctos esse first it is necessary that they be learned in latin, which will instruct others profitably: & vias ac ratiónes docendi expeditissimas tenére and to know the readiest ways and reasons (or feats) of teaching: & humanitáte ac 〈◊〉 acultáte delectandi & excitandi puèros valére and be of power (or of much elimation) by reason of humanity and the faculty of delighting and of stirring up youths. Quomòdo enim potest alios docére for how can he teach others, qui ipse purè & emendátè loqui nec potest, who himself can neither speak purely and without fault nec idipsum loquendo et pronunciando praestáre nor perform that very thing in speaking and uttering quod à suis discipùlis requirit which he requireth of his scholars? Deinde furthermore, cùm maxìmam vim habeat ad foelícem in studiis progressum via & ratio docentis whereas the way and manner of the teacher hath the greatest force unto an happy progress in studies, prudens magister omnia dextrè & explicátè propónet a prudent master shall propound all things properly (or f●atly) and plainly, & discipùloes in illis, quae proposìta sunt, utilìter exercébit and shall profitably exercise the scholars in those things, which are propounded; id autem, quomòdo fièri debeat, suo loco clàriùs ostendémus but that, how it ought to be done, we will show more manifestly in its place. Quantúm verò humanitas praeceptóris & alacritátis & amóris erga bonas litèras adfert but how much both cheerfulness and love unto good learning the court●ūe of the master bringeth, tantùm saevitia & crudelìtas tenèros & imbecillos a●ìmos frangit, & à studiis deterret so much the fierceness and cruelty doth daunt tender and weak minds (or courages,) and doth a●●right from studies. Quare meminèrint praeceptóres wherefore shall (or let) masters remember, Se erga discipùlos, ut erga filios, affectos esse oportère that they ought to be affected towards scholars, as towards sons, nec vel nimia austeritáte nor either by overmuch severity, vel plagis or by stripes, vel diris execrationìbus or by terrible cutsings, ignic ùlum à natúra datum, extinguère to quenc● the spark given by nature, sed potiùs comitáte paterna excitáre & inflammáre debére but rather aught to stir up and to inflame (it) with a fatherly gentleness. Neque ve●ò haec ita accipienda sunt neither truly these things are so to be taken, quasi puèri ignávi & contumáces debita poena coercendi non ●unt as if slothful and sullen (or stubborn) boys are not to be constrained (or kept in) by due punishment, aut virgis in scholis omníno non sit utendum or that one must not use rods at all in schools, ut quidem nonnulli existìmant as indeed some do think. Nam ut pius et 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (philóstorgoes) pater edúcat suos libèros for as a godly and a lovingly affectioned father bringeth up his children, non solùm per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (nouthesian) seu doctrínam not only by admonition or doctrine, sed etiam per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (paideían) hoc est, per assuefactiónem, quotidiána exercitia, exempla, et tempestivas castigatiónes but also by discipline, that is, by inuring, daily exercises, examples, and seasonable corrections nam haec quatuor appellatión● disciplínae continentur for these ●oure are contained in the name (or naming) of discipline et memor dicti Salomonis and mindful of the saying of Solomon: Pater qui parcit virgae odit suum filium the father which spareth the rod, hateth his so●ne: puèros petulantes ferùla caedit beateth the wanton (or malapert) boys with the paulmer, eamque collocat in conspectu liberórum and setteth it in sight of the children, ut semper incurrens in ocùlos that always coming unto the eyes (or into their sight,) eos in disciplina retineat may retain them in discipline, e● lasciviam coerceat and may restrain wantonness. Ita praeceptóri so a master, qui parentum vicarius est which is one in stead of the parents, et eorum partes sustìnet and executoth their duties, utendum est 〈…〉 'em mediis institutióne discipulórum must use the same means in instruction of scholars; quare nec virgae nec aliae opportúnae animadversiónes wherefore neither rods, nor other convenient punishments, ex scholis tolli aut debe● aut possunt either aught or may be taken out forth of schools. Est enim metus poenárum velut 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (Ergodió●tes) for the fear of punishments is as it were an hastener forward of the ●orke, et custos officii ac diligentiae dis●ipulórum and a preserver of the duty and diligence of the scholars, sine quo without which, maxìmè in hac delíra mundi senecta especially in this doting old age of the world, cùm mores juventútis ad nimiam ignaviam et contumaciam incubuérunt when as the manners of youth have been inclined unto overmuch ●●oathfulnesse and stubbornness, florence illa aetas in officio retinéri non potest that flourishing age cannot been retained (or held in) in duty. Sed in omnibus modus est servandus but in all things measure is to be kept, et ira removenda and anger to be put a● ay, cum qua nihil rectè fi●ri, nihil considerátè potest with which nothing can been done rightly, nothing considerately. Sed jam ad id, unde digressus sum, revertar but now I will return to that whence I digressed. Primum scribendi exercitationis genus est the first kind of the exercise of writing is, puèro illa, germanìcè reddita proponère to propound to a boy those things rendered in Dutch, quae in Ciceróne observanda esse audivit which he hath heard are to been observed in Cicero, temporìbus, persónis, locis, rebus etiam nonnihil commu●átis the ●imes, persons, places, yea and the things somewhat altered, quae ad imitationem Cicerónis in Latinum sermónem convertat which (the aforesaid observable matters) he may turn into Latin speech after the imitation of Cicero. Ratio autem emendandi scripta omnium optìma 〈◊〉 simplicissìma est but of all the best and most sincere way of amending writings is (or the best and plainest way of correcting the writings of all is,) non praeceptóris arbitrio not according to the pleasure of the master, sed ipsius Cicerónis judicio but after the judgement of Cicero himself, puèri compositiónem emendáre to amend the boy's composition (of words,) illiusque epistòlam vel locum, ei proponère & to propound to him his Epistle or place, ex quo scribendi argumentum desumptum est from whence the argument of writing is taken, velut exemplar et specùlum as it were a pattern and lookingglass, in quo videat wherein he may s●●, quid suo labóri desit what is wanting to (or for) his labour. Nihil autem pernitiòsius studiis linguae Latínae accidère potest but nothing can happen more pernicious to the studies of the Latin tongue, quàm quòd puèri, neglecta omni imitatióne than that boys all imitation neglected, à suis magistris magis quàm à Ciceróne ipso, of their masters rather than of Cicero himself, et similibus authoribus bonis and other like● good authors, latinittá●m discère coguntur are enforced to learn Latin. Accéditeò there appertaineth to this matter (or moreover then this) quòd illa saepe praeceptóres puèris vertenda praescribunt that oftentimes masters prescribe those things to be translated by the boys (or prescribe to the boys those things to be translated,) quorum vel appellatiónes vel loquendi modos nunquam antea audíuérunt whereof either the names or manners of speaking they never heard afore. Imò quae ipsi praedagógi, quomòdo rectè et propriè reddenda sunt, ignórant yea which the schoolmasters themselves know not how they are to be rendered rightly and properly. Quare ante omnia cauébit praeceptor wherefore before all things the master shall beware, ne puèrum vel scribère vel loqui permittat that he suffer not the boy either to write or to speak, nisi istis modis et rationibus quas non à se, sed ab optìmis authorìbus didicèrit unless in those manners and forms, which he hath learned not from him, but from the best authors. Quòd si tale argumentum propositum est that if such an argument (or matter to be written of) be propounded, cujus exemplum intègrum in authóre non extat whereof a whole example is not extant in an author, ut nec semper extáre potest as neither always it can be extant, emendátor illud ipsum argumentum quod discipùl● tractárunt, propriis verbis et phrasìbus praeclárè retextum et ●laborátum illis propónat the corrector may propound that very argument which the scholars have handled, very well changed clean otherwise and elaborated (or eractly done with study,) in proper words and phrases, in quo sicut et in Ciceróne cernant in which as even in Cicero they may see, quld suo scripto desit what is wanting to their own writing, & quantum ab illa forma discrèpet and how much it differeth from that form. Deinde ubi aliquandiu in hoc exercitio versáti sunt afterward when as some while they have been conversant in this exercise, & in eo aliquid profecérunt and have profited some what therein, ad majora deducendi sunt they are to be led along unto greater matters, & curandum and it is to be cared, ut Cicerónis scripta facilióra that the easier writings of Cicero, & praecipuè epistòlas ad verbum à praeceptóre germanìco sermónere 〈…〉 a 〈…〉 chief the Epistles by the master rendered according to the word (word for word) in the Dutch speech, non inspecto exemplári the pattern (or copy) not looked into, suo marte latínè vertant by their own proper wit (or endeavour) do turn into Latin, quae ad eundem, quem dixi, modum emendandae sunt which are to be amended after the same manner which I said. Quod si assiduè fit the which if it be continually done, non dubium est there is no doubt, quin facìlè puèri ad purè & eleganter scribendum assuesíant but easily the boys may be enured to write purely and elegantly.  enim foras, cùm in sole ambulámus for as when we walka broad in the Sun, etiamsi ob aliam causam ambulémus although we walk for another cause, tamen colorámur notwithstanding we are stained (or coloured:) sic fièrinón potest so it cannot come to pass, quin cùm hoc modo puer exercétur but when as a boy is ereccised in this manner, ejus oratio assiduo illo usu & consuetudìne colorétur his speech by that continual use and custom may be died (or have a timture) & puritátem ac suavitátem quandam Ciceroneánam redoleat and may savour of a certain Ciceronian purity and sweetness (or pleasantness.) Tertium exercitii genus est the third kind of exercise is, oratiónem latínam, aliis verbis Latínis, & Ciceróni usitátis, exprimère to express a Latin speech in other Latin words, and also much used of Cicero. Verum id exercitium non ad hos puèros, sed ad perfectióres, & eos magis, qui charactérem oratiónis effingère, quam qui Latínè tantum loqui & scribère discunt, propriè pertinet but that exercise properly pertaineth not to these boys, but unto perfecter, and those rather which learn to resemble a style of speech, (or to device a like form of words,) than which learn only to speak and write in Latin.  autem haec scribendi exercitia diligenter & fideliter colenda sunt but as these exercises of writing are to be practised diligently & faithfully: Sie et latinè lo quendi exercitátio, de qua paulò ante dixi nequàquam, neglìgi debetso also the exercise of speaking in latin, whereof I spoke a little before, in no wise aught to be neglected. Quod quò rectiùs fièri possit the which that it may be done the righter (or to the end that the which may be done more rightly.) Custodes seu corycéi constituendi sunt watchers or spies are to be set, qui et juniores teutonìcè loquentes, et grandióres vel Germanismis vel soloecismis, vel denìque barbarismis utentes, annòtent which may note (or put in writing) both the younger speaking Leutonicely (or in low Dutch,) and the elder using either Germanismes (or proprieties of the high Dutch) or incongruities; or finally Barbarismes, et ad magistrum defèrant, à quo iusta poena afficiantur and may appeach (or report them) unto this master, by whom they may be afflicted with just punishment (or been duly punished.) Vtrumque enim exercitium for both exercises, latiné scribendi et loquendi of writing and speaking in Latin, in Latínis scholis vigére debet ought to flourish (or be in force) in Latin schools, nec altèrum ab altèro separári potest neither can the one been severed from the other. Nam ut prudentis et industrii informatóris est for as it is the part of a wise and industrious instructor, indicáre et proponère puero to show and to propound to a boy, illa quae singulári study, observanda, exercenda, et imitanda sunt those things which with singular study are to be observed, exercised, and imitated: Sic is eàdem non solùm scriptione, sed etiam locutióne, imitabìtur so he shall imitate the same, not only in writing, but also in speaking. Dixi de ratióne servanda in instituendis puèris in lingua latína I have spokeu of the form to be kept in instructing youths in the Latin tongue, usque ad annum aetátis undecimum aut duodecìmum even until the eleventh or twelfth year of age: Restat nunc, ut breuìter dissèram de ratióne tradendae et discendae linguae Graecae it remaineth now that I briefly discourse of the manner of teaching and learning the Greek tongue. Quòd pauci nostrùm consequuntur alìquam mediòcrem cognitiónem Graecae linguae that few of ours do attain any mean (or indifferent) knowledge of the Greek tongue, vel quòd studíum ejus vidétur nobis perdisficile or that the study thereof seemeth to us very hard, nulla alia causa est there is none other cause, quàm quòd aut serius suscipimus hoc studium than that either somewhat late we undertake this study; aut si suscipimus or if we do undertake, frigìdè in eo versámur we are coldly (remissely) conversant in it, nec eo ordine et modo, quo decet, in eo progredimur neither in that order, and manner, wherein it becometh, do we proceed therein.  autem in omnibus aliis rebus rectè, tempestìuè, et foelicìter perficiendis but as in all other things to be performed rightly, seasonably, and prosperously: Sic et in discendis graecis litèris so also in learning the Greek tongue, ordo conveniens omninò necessarius est a convenient order is altogether necessary. Quare ubi ab anno aetátis sexto vel septimo wherefore when as from the firth or seventh year of age usque ad annum undecimum even until the eleventh year, in latina, lingua, ea, qua dixi, ratióne puèri exercitáti sunt boys are exercised in the Latins tongue, in that manner wherein I said, (his enim sex annis, nisi planè tardi et indociles sunt, linguam Románam utcunqne discère possunt for in these six years, unless they been utterly slow and unteachable, they may learn the Latin tongue after a sort (or so so.) Graeca vocabula ex evangeliis, ut vocant, dominicalibus, ipsis proponantur, the Greek wdrds out of the Gospels, as they call Domimcall ones, (or Sundays ones) let be propounded to them, quorum quotidie aliquot ediscant recìtent, whereof some daily let them learn by heart, let them recite, et octávo quoque die illa, quae praeterìta hebdomàde didicérunt, ab initio repètant, and on every eighth day let them répeate those things from the beginning, which they have learned in the wéekepast.  enim liberalia ingenia facillimè res bonas arripiunt et addiscunt for as frank wits most easily take quickly and learn good things: Sic eadem ipsis facilè excidunt so the same things easily do slip from them, si non diligenti et assidua repetitióne inculcentur if they been not poured in (or beaten into memory) by diligent and continual repetition. His paradigmàta declinationum et conjugatiónum graecárum addantur, to these things let be added the patterns of the Greek declensions and conjugations, in quibus certis diébus exercendi sunt in which they are to be exercised certain days. In hoc studio cùm annum consumpsenrunt when as they have spent a year in this study, evangelia graeca, non inspecta versione latína interpretári jubebuntur they shall be bid to interpret the Greek Gospels, the Latins translation not looked in. Et quia hujus classis auditoribus nunc grammatìca graeca intègrè proponìtur, and because to the scholars of this form now the Greek grammar is propounded entirely, non solùm in nomìnum ac verbórum inflexionìbus, sed etiam in temporìbus verbórum actívae, passívae, et mediae vocis formandis, ac regulis graecae Syntaxeos praecipuis et maximè necessariis cum uno et altèro exemplo ediscendis opèram ponent they shall bestow viligence not only in the declinings of nouns and verbs, but also in forming the tenses of verbs of the active, passive, and medium (or middle or mean) voice, and in cunning by heart the chief and most necessary rules of the Greek Syntaris with one or another example. Diligenter autem et accurátè, ut dixi, hisce puèris Grammatìca graeca ediscenda est but diligently and accurately, as I said, the Greek grammar is to be learned without book by these boys, quam qui tenet the which he that keepeth in remembrance, sciat se devorasse maxìmam partem molestiae let know that he hath sustained and passed over the greatest part of the totle, quae suscip●enda et perferenda est in discenda hac lingua which is to be undertaken and sustained in learning this tongue. Propóni autem quatuordècim, quindècim vel sedècim annórum adolescentùlis debent Socràtis oratio ad Demonìcum et Nicoclem, et illa, quae Nicocles insCribìtur but to lads of seventeen, fifteen or sixteen years, there ought to be propounded the oration of Socrates unto Demonicus and Nicocles, and that, which is entitled Nicocles; Plutarchi paedagogia Plutarch's pedagogy (or treatise of training up young children,) facilióres et lepidióres dialògi Luciáni the easier and pleasanter dialogurs of Lucian, et fabùlae Aesópi and jesops' fables: Ex quibus praeter verbórum copiam out of which besides the store of words, phrases et variárum rerum appellatiónes the phrases and names of diverse things, magnam sapientiae partem de gubernandis consiliis, a great part of the wisdom concerning governing intents (or advices,) actionibus et moribus actions and manners, sine ullo taedio tenèra a tas discère potest tender age may learn without any weariness of mind. Et quia variètas delectat, ac voluptátem parit and because variety delighteth and causeth pleasure, graeca poemàta, cujusmòdi sunt, aurea carmìna Pythagòrae, Phocylìdes et postea Hesiòdus, ac quidam libri Homéri, lectióni oratórum admiscendi erunt Greek poems, of which sort are, the golden vorses of Pythagoras, Phocylides, and afterward Hefiod, and certain books of Homer, shall be to be intermeddled to the reading of Drators. His auditoribus, singulis scptimánis breve argumentum Latínum proponendum est to these learners, in every week a short Latin argument (or sum of a matter written) is to been propounded, quod ad imitatiónem Isocràtis, Demosthènis, et similium authórum, in graecum sermónem convertant which after the imitation of Isocrates, Demosthenes, and of like authors, they may turn into the Greek speech. Nam ut in linguà Latína optìmos quosque authóres et legìmus et imitámur for as in the Latin tongue we both read and imitate all the best authors: Sic et in graeca idem facère, et nostram oratiónem ad graecórum authorum sermonem effingère debémus so also we ought to do the same in the Greek tongue, and to frame our style according to the speech of the Greek authors. Nec imitandi sunt, qui ex dictionario, vel Synonymis graecis, epistólas graecas, aut versus consarcináre solent neither are they to be imitated, which are wont to patch up Greek Epistles, or verses out of a Dictionary, or greek Synonymaes. Debet etiam hitce, de quibus dixi, discipùlis, liber aliquis epistolarum Ciceronis, qui facilior et elegantior videbitur, prop●ni, quem ordine graecè vert●●t, et praeceptóri certis horis exhibeant, there ought also to be propounded to these scholars, of whom I have said, some book of the epistles of Cicero, which shall seem the easier and the eleganter, which in order they may turn into Greek, and may show to the 〈◊〉 at certain hours. Hoc enim si fecèrint, eádem opèrà purit tem latíni sermonis et graecam linguam addiscent for this if they will do, with the same labour they shall learn the purity of the Latin speech, and the Greek tongue. Emendandi autem haec scripta, via expeditissima est; but the readiest way to amend these writings is, Primùm vitia, si quae sunt, comìter indicáre, et vel ipsum authórem, ex quo argumentum scribendi depromptum est, vel praeceptóris elaborátain versiónem quam cum sua confèrant, ipsis ob oculos proponère, first of all gently to show the faults, if there be any, and to set to them before the eyes, either the author himself, from whom the argument of writing is taken out, or the master's translation exactly done, which they may compare with their own. Ad hoc utile exercitium, et illud accedère debet, ut certis quibusdam horis nihil aliud ipsis loqui liceat, nisi graecè. Unto this profitable exercise, also this aught to be added, that it be lawful for them in certain appointed hours to speak no other thing (nothing else) than in Greek.  enim in lingua Latína, sic et in graeca illa, quae puer audívit, non solùm scribendo, sed etiam loquendo ad usum transferre docet for as in the Latin tongne, so also in the Greek, those things, which the boy hath heard, he teach to transfer (or turn) to use, not only by writing, but also by speaking. Neque est quod quisquam vereátur, ne puèri difficultáte quadam aut obscuritáte, à study hujus linguae deterreantur neither is there (cause) that any one fear, least boys by some difficulty or obscurity, be deterred from the study of this tongue. Nam ut ipsi natúrâ peregrinárum linguárum amantes sunt, easque facìlè ad discunt, for as they by nature are lovers of foreign languages, and do learn them easily: Sic nulla alia lingua jucundiòr est, nec suavióre sono amìbus illabitur, quàm graeca, so no other tongue is more pleasant, neither with a sweeter sound entereth into the ears, than the Greek. Quare ut requies suave condimentum laboris est ut graecum dictum, wherefore as rest is the sweet sauce of labour, as the Greek saying, he anó pausis rest estin is ártuma the sauce tòn ponôn of labour monet advertiseth: Ita graecárum literárum studium reliquis discendi laborìbus non modò taedium nullum adfert, sed eos etiam jucundi res reddit, et quadam oblectatióne ac voluptáte tanquam sale perspergit so the study of the Greek tongue not only bringeth no yekiomitesse to the remaining labours of learning, but maketh them also more pleasant, and springleth them all over with certain delight and pleasure as with salt. Quod autem de graecae linguae studio ejusque exercitis hacrènus dixi, but what hitherto I have spoken concerning the study of the Greek tongue, and the exercises thereof, non ita intelligendum est it is not so to be understood, quasi interealatinae lectiónes prorsus omittendae aut de ponendae vel etiam musica, Arithmetìca et initia dialectìces et rhetorìces, his grandiorìbus non unâ tradendae sint as if in the mean while latin readings he (or were) altogether to be omitted or laid aside, or also music a ithmeticke, and the beginnings of Logic and Rhetoric not to be together taught to those elder (or of more years.) Debet enim simul ac latinae linguae fundamentum jactum est, utriusque linguae, latinae et graecae, studium simul in scholis slorére et dominári for as soon as the foundation of the Latin tongue is laid, the study of both tongues, the Latin and the Greek, aught to flourish and to have the sovaraigntie together in the schools. Maximè cùm haec linguarum inter se collatio tantas habeat opportunitátes, ut utramque hoc modo et citiùs et faciliùs simul, quàm altèram separátim puèri discère possint especially seeing that this comparing of languages between themselves hath so great commodities, that by this means boys may learn both sooner and easier both together, than one apart.  enim latina lingua sine graeca non intelligìtur, sic ne graeca sine latina explicári et tradi potest for as the Latin tongue without the Greek is not understood, so not the Greek without the Latin can be expounded and taught (or delivered.) Caetèrae etiam arts, quarum modò mentio facta est, cùm recreatiónis, tum utilitátis et necessitátis causà, simul caetèris Latínè et graecè discendi laborìbus admiscendae sunt the other arts also, whereof now mention was made, both for the sake of recreation, and also of profit and necessity, are to be intermeddled together to the other labours of learning Greek and Latin. Debent autem illi, qui aetáte et eruditióne provectióres sunt, illustres authórum locos, insignes narratiónes et historias, ex graeca lingua in Latinam, et ex latina in graecam vertère but they which are riper (or forwarder) in age and learning, aught to turn out of the Greek tongue into the Latin, and out of the Latin into the Greek, the renowned places of authors, the notable discourses and the histories. Sed meminèrint studiósi, in convertendis è graeca lingua in Latinam, et contra, scriptis, non semper verbum ex verbo exprimendum esse, sed dandam esse opèram, ut si quid abhorreat à consuetudìne et more ejus sermónis, in quem alìquid convertétur, id omittátur on nino. But students shall remember (or let students remember) in translating writings out of the Greek tongue into the Latin, and contrariwise, that not always word is to be translated out of word (or that they must always translate word for word) but endeavour is to be given, that if any thing disagreeth from the custom and manner of that speech, whereinto something shall be translated, it be omitted altogether. Quod à se obseruátum in convertendis orationibus adversarijs Aeschinis et Demosthènis Cicèro affirmat, which thing Cicero affirmeth to be observed by himself in turning the adversary orations of Aeschines & Demosthenes. Sic enim in libro de optìmo genère oratórum scribit for so he writeth in the book of the best kind of orators: quorum ego oratiónes, ut spero, ita expressèro, virtutibus utens illórum omnibus, id est, sententijs, et eárum figúris, et rerum ordìne verba persèquens eatènus, ut ea non abhorreant à more nostro. Whose orations I, as I hope, shall so express (or translate) using all the properties (or virtues) of them, that is, the sentences, and the figures of them, and the order of the matters, throughly following the words so fare, as they be not disagreeing from our custom. Est igitur Cicerónis de verbis convertendis sententia, ea persequenda esse duntaxat, quae à more illórum ìn quorum linguam vsú inque convertentur, non abhorrebunt. It is therefore the opinion of Cicero concerning translating words, that those things are only to befollowed, which disagree not from the manner (or custom) of them, in whose language and use they shall be translated.  autem studiósi graecárum literárum optìmum exemplar habeant, quod in converténdis conjungendísque graecis cum latinis imitentur. But that the students of the gréek language may have a very good pattern, which they may imitate in tranflating and conjoining (or comparing) Greek with latin, cùm alios ex apología, phaedóne phaedro, libris de legibus, et de republìca Platónis locos, a Ciceróne latínè reddìtos, tum librum Cicerónis de universitáte, cum ea parte Timéi Platónis, cui respondet, diligenter et attentè inter se conjungent, confèrent, et cùm primùm alìquid scire graecè caepèrint, ad imitandum sedùlò sibi propónent, both some places out of the apology, the phaedon, the phaedrus, the books of the laws and of the commonwealth of Plato, rendered in latin by Cicero, also the book of Cicero concerning university, with that part of Timaeus of Plato, whereto it answereth, diligently and attentively they shall set together between themselves, shall compare (or confer) and as soon as they shall begin to know any thing in Greek, they shall prefix before them to be imitated of themselves diligently; quod si fecèrint, non modò elègans dicendi genus, quod apud Cicerónem perpetuum est, descent, sibíque comparabant: fed etiam graeca faciliùs intellìgent, et discit ùs explicábunt, which if they will do, they shall learn, and get to themselves, not only the elegant kind of speaking, which is continual in Cicero; but also more easily they shall understand, and more expressly (or elegantly) shall expound the Greek (writings.) Sed fortè objiciet alìquis, & esse & fuisse nonnullos, qui serò admòdum, cum quidem aetáte provecti essent primùm litèras discère caepèrint, & tamen illos in utráque lingua praecláros progressus fecisse, but peradventure some one will object, that there are and have been certain, which very late, when as truly they were run fare in age (or years) at the first began to learn good letters (or language) and yet notwithstanding that they made excellent progresses in both tongues. Fateor esse ingenia quaedam eximia atque illustria, quae celerìter quod docétur, arripiant, & brevi tempòre mulcùm proficiant, I confess that there are some singular & clear (or renowned) wits, which quickly learn that which is taught, and profit much in a short time. Sed hoc adjungo, ut horum exempla confirmant dicta tò eróti panta perasima amóri omnia per via sunt: item, dia carterías kai phíloponías ouden tôn ontôn agàthôn análoton péphùke tolerantiâ & industriâ nihil in rerum natúra bonórum est, quin acquirátur: item labour omnia vincit impròbus, sic nemo illis exemplis ad excusandam ignaviam suam, & negligendam discendi occasiónem, abúti debet. Non enim cuíuis contingit adíri co●inthum. But this I add, as sayings do confirm the examples of these, all things are passeable (or open, or have a way through) to (or for) love. And also there is nothing of the good things in the nature of things, but it may be achieved by enduring (or sufferance) and industry. (Ouden nothing tòn ontòn agàthôn of the exigent (or being) good things pephùke hath been brought forth analòton unattaineable dia carterías through through patience (or enduring) kai philoponías and industry.) And likewise importunate (or great, labour overcometh all things. So no body ought to abuse th●se examples to excuse his slothfulness, and to neglect the opportunity of learning: for it happeneth not to every one to go unto Corinthu●. Ac quemadmòdum heroica facta sunt supra regùlam, et mediocres homìnes intra metas regùlae m●●érè debent: ita nemo d●b●t, temèrè talia praestantium hominum, quibus per fortúnam vel alias causas, citiùs litèras attingere non licuit, exempla imitári, et occasiónem, ●i quae datu● in pueritia discendi litèras et linguas, negligère, maxìmè cum ars sit longa, vita autem brevis, ut verissimè Hippocrates initio suorum aphorismorum inquit. And even as heroical (or noble men's) deeds are above rule, and mean men ought to abide▪ ●thin the bounds of rule. So no man ought rashly to imitate such examples of excelleni men, to whom through fortune or other causes, it was not possible to attain learninig sooner, and to neglect the occasion, if any be given in childhood to learn letters and languages; especially seeing that art is long, and life short, as most truly saith Hypocrates in the beginning of his aphorisms. Quid? quòd natúra ipsa sic homìnis vitam dispertiùit, ut prima aetas linguae, media eloquentiae, postréma usui et commúni utilitáti tribuerétur: quam si tanquam ducem sapientissìmum sequémur, puer ab incunabùlis, ●sque ad annum decìmum quartum aut decìmum sextum, ●linguis et politioribus litèris informandus erit. What? (or why, or do you ask me why?) because nature itself hath so divided the life of man, that the first age should be applied to language, the middle to eloquence, the last to use and common profit: whom if we will follow as the most wise guide, a boy from the cradle (from infancy) even until the fourteenth or sixteenth year, shall be to be instructed in languages and in the more exquisite learning. Ita potèrit postea et studia suscipere et tractáre quae ipsi emolumentum et honorem, ecclesiae verò et reipublìcae utilitátem immensam pariant. So shall he be able afterward to undertake and handle those studies, which may bring commodity and honour to himself, and exceeding great profit to Church and common wealth. Sed dolendum est, hunc ordinem à natúra praescriptum, et omnium sanórum homínum judicio approbátum, multis modis turbári, but it is to be sorrowed, that this order prescribed by nature, and approved by the judgement of all sound men, is confounded in many manners. Nam vel prae●ptores sive ignorantià, sive ignavia, saepe iustum instituendi ordinem non servant, vel adolescentes sine pennis, ut in proverbio est, voláre volunt, et neglectis linguis ac humaniorìbus disciplínis, ad superióres arts, theologiam, iuris prudentiam, vel artem medicam se confèrunt: vel praepostèro ordìne incedentes, in linguárum studijs, sine suo et aliórum homínum fructu consenescunt. For either masters, whether through ignorance, or through slothfulness, oftentimes keep not the just order of teaching, or youths will fly without wings, as it is in the proverb, and languages, and the liberaller learnings being neglected, they betake them unto the superior arts, divinity, knowledge of the law, or the physical art: or going in a preposterous order, do wax old (or spend all the time) in the study of tongues, without their own and the fruit of other men. Quod ne fiat, magistri períti et ad docendum idonei, liberalibus stipendijs conducendi, & scholis praeficiendi sunt; ex quibus, qui puro ornatóque sermóne, superiora studia illustráre, exornáre, & propágare possint, emittantur: quod, ut ego quidem arbìtror, rectè et commòdè fièri potèrit, si implorato Dei auxilio, sine quo irrìta est omnis humána industria, ordó, qui utcunque à me hac brevi oratióne delineátus est, in docendo et discendo seruabitur. Lest the which be done (or that the which be not d●ne) skilful masters and fit to teach are to be hired with liberal stipends, and to be set over the schools; out of which they may be sent forth, which are able to illustrate, adorn and propagate the superior studies, with a pure and an elegant ●●ile (or speech) which a● I truly do think, will be done rightly and profitably, if Gods help being beseeched, without which all man's industry is of none effect, the order shall be kept in teaching and learning, which is portrayed (or described) by me in this short oration after a sort. Haec habui quae de lingua latína et graeca discenda et docenda, hoc tempòre dicèrem, quae e●si non omnìbus placébunt, ut nec placére debent, vel possunt, (quis enim omnibus satisfacère potest?) tamen viris doctis, et usu perítis ac judicio certo rem ponderantìbus omníno probátum iri co●fído Dixi. These things I have had, which I would say at this time, concerning learning and teaching the latin and Greek tongue, which things although they will not please all, as neither aught they to please, or can (for who can satisfy all men?) yet notwithstanding I am sure that they will be approved altogether of men learned and by experience skilful, and pondering the matter with the firm (or sound) judgement. I have said.  
FINIS.   

The use of this Book.  
YOU are to have the book called Posselij Colloquia, and to confer this book therewith. And in this book you shall see every Latin word thereof englished, and also the Latin words thereof so taken (or placed) one after another, as they are to be construed or englished. And you may at the first by help of this construing book learn to english so many Latin words, as do in Posselius reach to a full point. And then looking only on Posselius to endeavour to construe them according as this book hath them construed, and so to learn to construe all Posselius. In the latter part whereof there are more Latin words than one construed together; because some of the words there, are in the forepart of the book with their english next after them; which you remembering, you will be able to discern which words of the English are the English of such words, as you have not read afore: and so notwithstanding you will know how to apply each English word unto each Latin word, and be able to english every Latin word thereof severally. And hereby also you will be exercised how for to undetstand Authors, whose translation is not word for word, as it is in the Latin. Unto the true pronouncing of the words of Posselius, you are to remember that such syllables, as have the note over them, are to be uttered short: and such as have the note are to be uttered long. Also a words last syllable saving one, ending in a vowel, is short, if the next namely the last syllable doth begin with a vowel: as familiarìum not familiaríum. But if a words last syllable saving one doth end in a consonant, and the last syllable thereof doth begin with a consonant, then is the last syllable saving one, long: as libéllus not libèllus. And remembering to observe these rules in reading, you will rightly pronounce even every word of the book. When as you are able to english readily any word or sentence of Posselius, according as this construing book showeth, not looking then on this book, you will be able with help of an English Bible for to construe much in the Latin Bible of Ieromes translation. And therein you are first to learn to construe Saint john's Gospel and epistles, and then to read all the rest of the new Testament, beginning where you will. And then to exercise in the old Testament, and to read it through, and you being able readily to english all the latin Bible; you will be able then to english most Latin in most books at the first sight. But as you read along in the new Testament or old, it is profitable for you to learn sometimes between while for to construe in the authorised Latin grammar, so much as the construing book thereof hath construed to your hand; and also Figura of that grammar, according as it is construed by M. Stockwood. And then