A RELATION OF ALL MATTERS PASSED, ESPECIALLY IN France and the Low-Countries, touching the causes of the war now in Cleveland. TOGETHER WITH SUCH OCCURRENCES OF NOTE AS HAVE happened in Spain, Italy, England, Germany, Hungary and Transyluania, since March last to this present, 1614 TRANSLATED ACCORDING TO THE Original of Mercurius Gallo-Belgicus.  
LONDON, Imprinted for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Paul's Churchyard, at the sign of the Swan. 1614   

TO THE WORTHY AND HOPEFUL GENTLEMAN, MASTER WILLIAM BOOTHE, Esquire: Son and Heir to Sir GEORGE BOOTHE, Knight.  
SJr, this Discourse was brought to me in Latin by some of my good friends, who for that they could not pierce through the harsh and uncouth style into the meaning of the Author, they prayed me to make the same more transparent by a version thereof into English: which I have here done in a more explicate manner, and have adventured to recommend the same to your patronage, as a pledge of that affection, wherewith I do much respect you. Only I beseech you, ut facias quod iam facis, that is, that you would advance that foundation of learning and virtue, which you have already laid: and that you would endeavour to couple together that rare society of Estate and worthiness, which so seldom concur in one person: emulating the riches of your fortune, with the riches of your mind: by which mean you shall return a noble retribution to that house, from which by your Match you have received so much honour. And if you shall please to accept this poor Piece in good part, you shall bind my care hereafter to present you with an argument, both worthier for the strain, and better suiting with your quality. In the mean time I shall ever study to do you service, and in your thoughts to deserve the estimation  
Of your very loving Kinsman ROB. BOOTHE.   

A DISCOURSE FULL OF DELIGHT, CONTAINING THE RELATION OF THE things which in most parts of Europe have passed worthy the remembrance, since March last. 1614 to this present.  
WWhen after the lamentable overthrow and death of Bathorie, Gabriel Bethline had been appointed Prince of Transyluania by the Turks, the Country was divided into divers factions: some, especially these who were next of blood to Bathorie, being desirous to revenge his death, of whom many perished about Medisa, being thrown headlong from the tower, many followed the emperors parts, taking Husta, and other places in his name, but the greatest part stuck to Bethline, and submitted themselves to his obedience. The Turk understanding the state of the country, writ his letters to the Nobility and Council of Transyluania, to this effect; that they could not be ignorant, that from the time that Transyluania lived under the government of his ancestors, and himself, that the country continued in great peace aed quietness under their protection: for that they had sundry times both desired and obtained aid from his Court against their enemies, especially that Botteskay, when the transylvanians were but the other day molested by the Germans, being assisted with his forces, overthrew the power of the Germans, and shaked their yoke from their necks. After his death, when they saw that Bathora his successor carried things according to his pleasure, and fell from his obedience, that Bethline with the general consent of the Nobility, complained in that behalf of him at his Court, and that he easily obtained means to oppress him, and to free the Province from his tyranny. After whose overthrow and death, the wished sunshine of peace and liberty began to appear, after that the clouds of troubles had by his mean been dispersed. And now since the said Bethline hath addressed himself to his Court, and submitted himself to his order, that he hath judged him worthy to succeed Bathorius, and to obtain this Principality; and therefore that he hath commanded, that all the Nobles of the country should submit themselves unto him, and obey his commandments, since by this means they are like to enjoy their wished peace and rest. Furthermore, that the same Bethline hath by letters advertised him of certain attempts of the Germans, and in that regard knowing assuredly, that this Province is settled under his protection, that he had forthwith given order to the Commanders of Themsuard, and Agrium, and others, as also to the Prince of Walachia, that they should have forces in readiness, and should be very watchful at all times to repel all injuries that should be offered; yea that he did advise the Nobles themselves, that they should at all times yield all ready obedience to Bethline, so as they serve not in the least point from his commandment. And that he sent these letters to this end, that they should take notice of his pleasure, and that they should give no assistance, to any attempts of the Germans in this Province, whether they be secret or open, but withstand them to their power, until the aids of Themesuard and Agrium did come, and that in all things they should follow Bethline, esteeming him as their true and lawful Prince, and continue constantly in his obedience, lest they provoke his displeasure against them, and procure their own great misery. Therefore that they should agree together, and be true to their Prince, nor suffer any strangers to shuffle in amongst them, but that they should advise with Bethline in all matters of importance, and entreat his pleasure for assurance, taking heed that they do not rashly incline to one side or other. Therefore in as much as they have continued in obedience to him, that they ought not to doubt of his most mighty patronage, who meant always to provide that they might live quietly and peaceably under the wings of his clemency. But if they should fall from their allegiance, and shall not be obedient to these his admonitions, that the end will be, that they shall be forced to melt by his grievous displeasure, as the wax doth by the fire, and so be consumed, for that he will never endure that any should at his pleasure waste and spoil Transyluania, a Province so nearly bordering upon his kingdom.  
After the publication of these letters, he gave order, that certain pikes should be sticked in the ground, before the gates of sundry the principal Noble men and officers clean through Transyluania, in token that they should die, that fell from Bethline his obedience, to the party of the Germans, having placed in ambush certain companies, about Lippa and Geneum, which places held still for the Emperor, by whom some of the Garrison soldiers, that sallied out to try a fortune, were surprised, and slain every man. For which cause, some of them being sent by their commander, came to Vienna to sue for succour.  
About the same time, a Turkish Ambassador came to Lints, with letters from the great Turk to the Emperor; to this effect, that whereas he had concluded a Peace with the Emperor for twenty years, that he had for his part been very careful that nothing should be done against it; and that he had given strict charge to his officers, whom he had placed upon the frontiers of his territories, that they should give no offence to the emperors subjects, and that it was just and necessary that the Emperor should do the like, if he wished that the Peace might continue without violation: but that now he understood that the Emperor was raising forces especially against Transyluania, which was a Province always subject to his Ancestors and him, hath received their Princes designed out of his Court, and being maintained under his protection from all enemies hath lived in peace in manner as other Provinces have done that be subject to him. That where he understood that Battory did command in that Province with tyranny, he sent an army lately to depress him, and to free his subjects from his cruelty: and now more, that Battory being defeated, he had designed Gabriel Bethline a Prince of great wisdom and valour, to govern the Country: and have ordered that he should undertake the same with assurance of his help and assistance: but while he by all means endeavoured to do his commandment, that sundry ways this Peace hath been broken on the emperors part, by the taking of the sconces of Husta and Vivaria, and the towns of Nagipania and Tosnacum. Therefore that he desires the Emperor, that as himself is careful by all means to conserve the Peace, so if he be so affected for his part, that he would give order to make restitution of the said places to the Prince of Transyluania, or at the least, that he would please by this messenger to let him understand his disposition: who by these letters of his may conceive how he stands affected to the keeping of the said Peace. That the Peace was not at the first desired by him; but the Emperor was the cause of making the same, which he doth worthily ascribe to his own most just victories: that now he hath signified to the Emperor what befitted his greatness to have done, and doth desire that he would forbear these attempts, & make restitution of the places which he hath seized upon: for by so doing, the Peace is like to continue firm But if the Emperor be otherways disposed, it shall hereby manifestly appear to the world, whether of them hath broken promise, and violated the Peace, and that God will bring to pass, that which he hath decreed. To conclude, that he desires the Emperor that he do not long detain his messenger with him, but with his letters give him a speedy dispatch, lest this long absence of his should breed jealousy in him, that he stand not so carefully affected to the conservation of the Peace.  
This Messenger being honourably entertained, was dismissed with expedition, with letters wrapped in cloth of gold, to this purpose, that the Emperor having with the advice of the Electors, and Princes, and other Estates of the Empire resolved touching the business, was ready to return an answer by another Messenger, who was already advanced on his way to the Turks Court. Therefore that the Turk should expect but a while, and in the mean time, he should tempt nothing against the Peace.  
Before this time, there had passed divers leagues and confederacies, between the States of the United Provinces, and certain of the Hanse towns. Which example the town of Magdeburge being willing to follow, had determined to enter into a league with them. The which the Elector of Saxony misliking, writ his letters to the Town, that he understood from divers places, that they determined to enter into a league with foreign states, especially with the states of the Low-Countries: and although he conclude nothing of that business, neither do much busy himself to understand the reasons which moved them to do this, yet this he took notice thereof for this cause, because he knew not whether they entered into this matter with the privity and allowance of the Emperor, for if it were otherwise, they might easily conceive how ill the Emperor would take it. And yet, that he by no means could allow this Confederacy so needless and every way unnecessary, but seeing he bore no less good will to this Commonweal, than his Ancestors had done, and would be careful by all means, to keep and defend all harm from the same, that he thought it necessary with all speed to dissuade them from this league, from which nothing could arise, but exceeding displeasure in the mind of the Archbishop of Magdeburge, and many other inconveniences beside. For if they had this purpose in contracting this league, to undertake any hostility against the Archbishop and his Diocese, by reason of the difference lately grown between them, that they may easily think, that both himself and other Princes and Electors, will not be wanting to assist him, as one that is nearly linked to them in alliance. Seeing therefore he knows very well, that the Electors and Princes will very shortly take pains to compound this difference, that he hopes they will so carry themselves, that the Princes shall have no cause to complain of them, and that the Archbishop will prove himself such a one as desires not to press them with any new burden, but will condescend that these dissensions and quarrels shall be determined according to law and equity.  
Besides these letters sent to the State of Magdeburge, he wrote other letters to the same purpose unto the Emperor, that he understood not long since from Christianus Gulielmus Archbishop of Magdeburge, Primate of Germany, the Marquis of Brandenburge, and others, that the citizens of Magdeburge decreed to make a league with the united States of the Belgic Provinces, and that the foresaid Archbishop hath signified, that the same if it should come to pass, would both be displeasing to him, and would prove heavy and dangerous to his Diocese, and withal by their joint letters to the Emperor, entreated that he would stop this intended league, and admonish the Senate and Citizens to yield obedience and respect to his pleasure. That this message was very displeasing to him, and that they could not see, what reason the Magdeburgers had, without the emperors knowledge to affect this league, and to give occasion to the Archbishop suspiciously to gather matter of fear & jealousy. Seeing therefore he holds this request of the Archbishop very just and reasonable, and that in these places it is not fit to give occasion to draw on new dangers and troubles, but rather maturely to meet with them, especially in this dangerous and hard estate wherein Germany stands, that by all means he doth humbly beseech the Emperor, that he considering the equity of the Archbishop's request, would interpose his authority to dehort the Magdeburgers from their purpose, and graciously to draw them to yield obedience to their Archbishop. The Emperor having received these letters, dissuaded the Magdeburgers from this intended confederacy: by which mean, the Citizens also of Brunswick, who had joined with them in this negotiation, returned out of the low Countries without any proceeding at all.  
In the month of February was published an Edict by the Illustrious john Sigismond, Marques and Elector of Brandenburge, by way of reformation to be executed in the Churches of Brandenburge, directed to the Ecclesiastical Governors of the whole Electorate of Brandenburge, of both sides the Odera, whereby they are commanded to forbear railing and and contentious behaviour; especially in their Sermons. That godly and faithful Magistrates, have in all times and places, thought it a part of their duty, to use all means to stop unnecessary contentions and disputations, who in divers places do in their public Sermons bitterly inveigh against other Churches, as well within as without the Empire, whereof they were never appointed judges, seeing their manner of disputations, are undertaken against Christian charity, and avail more to hinder then to promote the edification of the Church, that the most renowned Princes & Dukes of Brunswike, and Luneburg, who lived the year 1562. Augustus, the Elector of Saxony, who lived the year 1566. Christianus the first Elector of Saxony, and john Fredrick of Ligsnits; the year 1601. who did the same in the name of the Churches of the lower Saxony, left notable examples hereof, and worthy all imitation, that we need not mention higher examples of antiquity. The transaction passed with other Electors and Princes, of whom many yet do embrace the doctrine of Luther, doth persuade and command, that a course should be taken, that by a godly moderation used in preaching, offences and troubles of consciences may be avoided. Therefore that all men may easily judge how displeasingly he hath taken it, and how much he hath been affected, that hitherto of long time he hath heard, that not of all, but of many in his Electorate, and indeed such, who being moved with ambition rather than zeal of Piety, are likely persons either to do least, if they were brought to a just trial in argument, or to fall to the Popish party, if they could make but six pence more, should fill all Churches & Pulpits with their imprecations, criminations, calumnies, cursings and such like outcries, seeking rather glory with men then with God: little regarding whether they speak true or false: and whether it were convenient or inconvenient to so holy a place, so as they might gall, and bite other Christians, satisfy their humours, spend their choler, and move laughter to our common enemies, the jesuits, and other Papists, and give them occasion to slander us, by this means heaping up the displeasure of God against them and their Auditory in the day of judgement. That the holy Scripture doth teach us far otherwise: for it doth not warrant, that they who agree with us in the ground of Religion, and steadfastly resolve to be saved by the only grace and mercy of God, for and thorough the merit of our only Saviour jesus Christ, all other means quite excluded, who also labour with us in the vineyard of Christ, and therefore do suffer innumerable persecutions from the common enemies of true Religion, the Pope and his Ministers; nay more, who with great cheerfulness and plenty do even spend their blood for this Confession, should be excluded out of the Church of Christ. Neither would the holy Scripture, that that which is doubtful, should be argued by accusations and slanders, which is proper to Satan, or by conjectures and false allegations, but by the infallible word of God. Therefore that he doth ordain and severely charge, that all Pastors and Ministers of Churches, do in the Churches purely and sincerely teach and propound to their Auditors the word of God, out of the Prophelike & Apostolic writings, the four Symbols received in the Church: the Augustane confession reform, and the Apology thereof, without all depravation, and omitting all interpretations, and phrases, and new forms brought in by idle and ambitious Divines, that they endeavour to gain souls to Christ, and direct all their labours to advance the glory of God, and the salvation of men: and on the other side, that they wholly abstain from criminations, and reprehensions of other Churches, which neither are subject to them, nor convicted of error by any lawful and ordinary course: not branding them with any name of Heretic, for that he being urged in his conscience can no longer wink at these things, but hath determined when he shall know that any, whosoever he be, doth offend against this commandment, (which cannot be hid from him long,) that first he will summon him to appear at his Court, there first by speech to check his folly, and if he can do good with admonitions, either to remove him from his place, or chastise him with some punishment: and courses beside shall be taken for obstinate fellows, who upon summons do not appear at our Court, whereby they may easily be brought to obedience. But if there be any who being carried with an intemperate zeal, suppose by this means that a curb is laid upon their consciences, that he will not be against it, but that they may give over their Ministry, and with leave depart out of his Electoratship, and go to those places where they may be suffered to rage; and to wound Christians, to curse and execrate, expecting at the last from God a just reward of their intemperate fury.  
Lastly, that he doubts not, but that as this Edict hath been published by him, by the prescript of the word of God, to keep the Peace, tranquillity and concord in the Churches of those countries, which by God are committed to him, in these last and dangerous times, wherein the Antichrist of Rome seemeth more than ever before to thirst after Christian blood, all and every one, in regard of the commandment of God, whereby subjects are by the Apostle commanded to be obedient to their Magistrates, that they will conform themselves to obedience, and take care not to provoke his displeasure against them, lest they be forced to try to their loss and grief, that they bear not the sword in vain: the heads of the Articles, according to which this reformation was to be practised in the Churches, were said to be these.  
That images should be banished out of the Churches: the Altars that were made in time of Popery, to be demolished, and long tables of wood to be set in their places, covered with a black carpet, and a white cloth upon it, when the Supper is to be administered: That the statues, images and crosses, drawing their beginning from Popery, are to be removed out of the Churches. That their holy Palles are no more to be used. Candles not to be lighted. Auricular Confession to be laid aside. Prayers in the Pulpit to be delivered not submissly, but with a loud voice. That in time of danger, especially in the time of Plague, the Supper of the Lord is not to be given to the sick. The Decalogue and Catechism to be better reform. That the blessed Trinity is to be represented by no images, either graven or painted; the words of the holy Supper to be understood and expounded, in the true and right sense: with some other Articles as it was reported.  
Some years past, and before the Peace made with the confederate States of Holland, a Seafaring man of Holland, had been taken by the Masters of the Spanish Inquisition, and had been condemned to the fire for a Psalm book only which was found in his custody, but by some strange device he escaped that danger; but afterward returning into the same place again, as being secure from fear, by reason of the League, he was again taken by the Inquisitors: and notwithstanding the intercession of the States to the Archduke, who writ to the King in the prisoners behalf, he was condemned and burnt alive.  
His kinsfolks have made many complaints to the States for this cruelty, and to revenge the same, have entreated earnestly, that they may have leave to sail into the West Indies.  
About the beginning of April was an honourable meeting of the Electors and Princes at Naumburge in Thuring, the Elector of Saxony with his brother Augustus, the Elector Brandenburge, and many other Princes, to conclude and advise of the hereditary league between the noble families of Saxony, Brandenburge, and Hassia, of the precedency of the houses of Vinaria and Alkenburge, and of the doubtful and controversed business touching Gulicke and juliers.  
In the mean time, jealousies and unkindness every day increasing between the Princes of Brandenburge and Newburge, many of the Electors and Princes laboured to bring them to accord. But the States of Cleveland assembling together, agreed to incline to neither side of the foresaid Princes, nor to allow any contribution to them, until they were assured of their true successor and Master, and at once sending their letters to the Archduke Albert, to the Elector of Collen, & to the Estates of the united Provinces of Belgium, requested them that they would have no hand in this business, but that they would leave it to be determined between the Princes themselves: to whom the Elector of Collen answered, that for the great desire he had of peace, he would be very unwilling that any war should arise, especially in the Empire, and Country's neighbouring upon him; and yet if the Prince of Newburge should have any wrong done him in his right pretence, that by no means he might forsake him, and sending to Dusseldorpe Reckius his Ambassador, exhorted the Princes who were seized of some places, to lessen their train. And although they fell to the number of twenty five attendants, yet the Brandenburgian presently changing his purpose, after that the Newburgians, laying aside their arms which they carried closely; that is, Pistols, and other weapons, which might be tied under their cloaks; and walking only with their swords by their sides, answered, that he also would willingly condescend to all reason and equity, especially in the determining of the question of succession between them: and forthwith departing to Gocha, within the Principality of Cleve, he sent his Ambassadors to the Estates of the united Provinces, who by all means exhorted both the Princes to avoid trouble, and to conserve peace.  
But when the Estates understood that the King of Spain had commanded his soldiers to be in a readiness, they also gave order to have Wagons provided, that if necessity required they might carry their soldiers thither, where the Spanish forces should bend. Which provision gave the Archduke occasion to write to them, to this effect. That he lately was advertised by the Estates and Councillors of the Dukedom of Cleve, of differences growing between the Illustrious Princes, George William of Brandenburge, and Wolfangus William of Newburge, and of the dangers which thereby hang over the whole Country, with a request also from them, that to his power he would for the conservation of the common peace, meet with these difficulties. Therefore that he being moved with the request of them of Cleve, and also for that it imported him very much, that his neighbours should live in peace, had by his letters advised the Princes, that as lovers of peace they would entertain love and concord, and with all diligence avoid troubles, adding withal a protestation, that he in regard of the peace and right he hath to maintain over those places, that he of necessity must be an enemy to him, who is the first author to move any stir. And although he doubt not but that they are of the same mind with him, and will not suffer that any door should be open to so great dangers and troubles, yet that he was willing to desire them, that if they thought good, themselves would bestow some pains to conserve the public peace, which will very soon be violated and disturbed in these parts, if these Princes should fall together by the ears.  
There was offered to the Emperor about the beginning of April, the declaration of Wolfangus William Prince of Newburge, his submission in the Mulheme business. But the Elector of Brandenburge would in no sort submit the business to be desided by the emperors Council of Court, but endeavoured by all means that it might be remitted to the Imperial Chamber; in which behalf he wrote to the Emperor to this effect. In that he had not to this time returned an answer to the emperors letters, touching a new hearing of the business of juliers, that he did it not of purpose, nor of any intent to delay the matter, but for weighty considerations which hindered him. But that indeed there are many reasons which hinder that he may not condescend to yield to this treaty of the business: for that it is evident by the relation of the Count Hoelsoller, sent from Erford to the Emperor the last year, how deceitfully he was dealt withal, who having nothing but honey upon their tongue, did by all means study to besmear his face. And since this happened by the foresaid Earl, who professeth himself a kinsman of his house, and is by oath obliged to him, for his hereditary Office of the Chamber, which he holds of him, that he may easily imagine how far he is to trust others in this cause, who are not in that place of relation to him. And surely that his fear and jealousy is not a little increased by that same dangerous and most pernicious decree in the business of Mulheme, which a few days ago john Ludouike of ulme's, bearing the Chancellor's person in the emperors Court, procured to be intimated to him, although in the whole year nothing was done to his knowledge in that cause in the Court, not so much as by way of ordinary talk. Whereby it may easily appear what affection the emperors officers carry towards him. Although therefore he hath good reason to look to himself, being admonished by these former steps, nor to commit any thing that may concern him to such kind of men▪ notwithstanding passing by all these things, to show his care to yield to the Emperor his due respect, that he submits his cause to this treaty, with this condition, if first he may understand, whether and how these other competitors do submit themselves. Secondly, if it proceed not further than is fit to proceed in a friendly hearing, and that he may be at no prejudice, if they cannot agree, or any decree be made that is hurtful to him: but that all things be left in the same state they were before the treaty, until this business be determined in a lawful manner. Furthermore, since he hath taken the possession of the Principality of juliers in a manner lawful, and by all law to be allowed, (considering what the Archduke Leopald, and the Bishop of Passavium have done) and that the Emperor himself hath passed his promise, which he hath reason to believe, to maintain every one in his possession, nor to remove him from it, but by a lawful decision of the business going before, that it is a needless thing to trouble the treaty with the point of the possession, which is only to be directed to the point of challenge for the right: otherwise if they do, that he will admit no treaty at all, seeing also unless he be admitted in the participation of the Fee: yet without prejudice to others, he may easily perceive that for the point of the challenge he should be neglected, that he doth beseech the Emperor that he would also confer upon him this Fee, as hath been done to others, and so make him equal to the rest; and that he hopes, that the Emperor will choose into this business Arbitrators honest and swayed with no prejudice, nor inclining to either side, but indifferent and equally affected to them both. Lastly, since he is not ignorant, that certain have gone about to persuade the late Emperor, that he hath some interest as Lord Paramount over these countries, & that this dirictum Dominium, so called, and the prerogative of the Emperor annexed to it, may not be called into question: that he desires of the Emperor, that he may understand what he may expect from him in this point, and that with convenient speed. Therefore when he hath received answer to all these things, and that the certain time, when this hearing shall begin, be set down by the Emperor, that he will take care that no want be found in him. Other matters he would have referred to this future hearing, but that he beseecheth the Emperor not to be offended with him, but that he would preserve his right to him, no less then to others. That he could have received this answer, and his exception to the time that this Treaty gins, but to save time and expense, and that the Emperor may see the sincerity of his mind, which he brings to the handling of this business: that he was willing aforehand to open his mind to the Emperor, before any entrance into the matter, to whom he professeth himself most ready to do all service.  
About the end of April was taken a pirates ship, which carried in her above 60. brass pieces, and was very rich beside, which lay in wait upon the coast of Ireland, for four Holland ships, which a little after came out of Guinea very richly laden with gold and spice: she was carried to Amsterdam.  
There came at the same time into Holland, Ambassadors from Muscovia, whom the Estates caused to be brought with a great train from Leiden to the Hage, the 11. of May, being admitted into the Council house, they declared in a long speech, that their great Duke, did by all means desire the friendship of the Estates, and desired them that they would furnish him with money and shipping against his enemies: being there willed to exhibit in writing this their request, they did so. But when it did not appear, what profit might return to the States out of Muscouie, they fearing lest they might offend the King of Poland, after deliberation, made them this answer conceived in writing, whereby they might assure the great Duke of Musco of their friendly minds, and great good will towards him, and so dismissed them with royal entertainment, and great gifts. Count Maurice presenting to them a gallant show of a battle, according to the true manner of Military discipline, which they beheld with great admiration.  
Suigelius the Master of the horse, having assayed Dusseldorpe, Cleve, and other places, when all his secret practices would not prevail, at the last was received into Gulick by the Governor Pythamius, with whom he had secretly plotted the same before, bringing into the town divers companies of the Estates soldiers. For when Pythamius did see that the Castle of Gulicke was in great danger, by reason of the unkindnesses, which every day grew more and more among the posseding Princes and their friends, the Brandenburgian and Newburgian garrisons, being ready to fall to blows, he thought it the fittest way to draw in these companies of the Estates. The Captains of the garrison soldiers, as well Brandenburgians as Newburgians, being ignorant of any practice, forth with took arms: but being persuaded by the said Governor, and Suigelius, Hancrote, Bonnus, and other Commanders of those forces, that it was for the good of both the Princes, the Bandenburgians were pacified: but the Newburgians giving no credit to them, made sharp resistance, till after some blows, and slaughter of divers, they came to agreement, and were contented. Which done, Hancrote and Bonnus having commission for that business from Grave Maurice, continued in the Castle with their forces, and have since strengthened the fame with 7. companies of horse and foot, drawn out of the United Provinces, making beside great provision of victual and other necessaries to keep the place.  
Which when the Prince of Newburge understood, he arrested certain Officers and counsellors of the Prince of Brandenburg, remaining at that time at Dusseldorpe: and dispatching Messengers to divers places, exhorted the Officers of Cities and Governors of Castles, that, as mindful of the oath they had taken, they would keep diligent watch in their towns, and use all circumspection against such manner of trains and practices. But for the defence of the City, he thought good to let in the soldiers; which when the Burghers did earnestly withstand, he invited all the chief Senators to a banquet, in which time certain Musqueteirs, slipping out at the Postern gate, made themselves masters of the town watch, and let in the Country soldiers, who the next day were bestowed at the Gates, their number increasing every day, and bulwarks and forts raised against the gates. In the mean time, the soldiers of the Estates assaulted the Monastery of Scheivenhem, and they of Brandenburge the Monastery of Siburge, but both in vain. But when the Archduke heard of the news of the surprising of the Castle of Gulicke: forthwith he mustered his soldiers, and made preparation for this journey; the United Estates also doing the like, which bred such a fear among the Country people of juliers, that they took all their goods, and carried them to outright, Leids, Collen and other places.  
There was mention made in our former books of the affairs of Aken, and for them we are now come to the Commination of the proscription. Therefore the Elector of Heidelberge writing his letters to the King of France, desired him that he would in time interpose his authority: who without delay dispatched his letters to the Elector of Collen, to dehort him from the execution of the sentence: that the decree of the Emperor against the city of Aken, to strike it with the thunderbolt of Proscription, for those things which there fell out in the time of the vacancy, in the name of his kinsman the Palatine Administrator, and under the title of his Vicariat in the Empire, was very displeasing to him; therefore weighing the danger, which by the execution of this sentence seemeth to threaten the Peace of Germany, which it concerneth nearly, that this city should be preserved, that he as a Christian Prince, whose part it is, by all means to maintain the public Peace among the Confederate Princes of the kingdom, that he could not forbear to put him in mind of the mischievous and dangerous issue; which peradventure this execution may have, therefore that he desires, that he would please to take notice from Praeaustie his Ambassador, residing in Flanders, of those things, which he hath given him in charge, especially on the behalf of his kinsman the Palatine Elector.  
These letters were sent to the King's Ambassador monsieur de Preux, with other letters beside to him to this purpose. That he hath sent to him the copies of those letters, which he had received from the Elector Palatine, in the matter of the Aken-busines, which passed during the vacancy, and when the Vicariate of the Empire fell to him, that by them understanding what he challengeth to belong to him, touching the execution of the Proscription decreed against this city, and committed to the Archduke Albert, and Elector of Collen, and of the right, which the Palatine Elector in this cause pretends to belong to him, he may observe and discern how much the Palatine doth promise to himself for the conservation of the peace in Germany by the interseding of his authority with these Commissioners. Seeing therefore there hangeth no small danger over whole Germany by this execution, especially if the Princes joining together, shall earnestly oppose themselves against it, that he hath sent him letters, written to the Elector of Collen, & chargeth him to deliver them to him, and that he would propound to his consideration the weight of the whole business, as also the declaration of the right which he hath, in hindering this endeavour of his against the Palatine Elector, and the dangerous accidents tending to the mischief not only of the city of Aken, but also of the whole Empire, together with the demimution of the authority and honour of the Emperor: and that he writ back withal speed to advertise him how far he hath prevailed with him.  
In the former books, we spoke of the broils which were raised in France, with a commemoration of the grievances exhibited to the Queen by certain principal personages, and the answer to the same. And seeing it concerned the Commonwealth very much, that the seeds of troubles should be choked in the very bud, and the sparkles of fire quenched in the very kindling, before they be able to take flame, Lewes the most Christian King, when he understood that a meeting was appointed by the Princes at Soissons, the 7. of April, incontinently sent certain of his Councillors thither, who should give remedy to their grievances, and friendly compose all differences, furnished with letters of credence to this effect; that as before he had sent them to Soisson, that they might treat with the Prince of Condie, and others there assembled, so at this time especially He, the Queen Mother, and the rest of the Counsellors and Princes consenting, doth will, and give them full power, that look what conditions they shall think honest and indifferent, for the mature composing of their troubles, they should accept, and assure in his name, that they shall be faithfully observed in Court, and that they do all things, which he himself would do, if he were there present. And if so be that this Treaty shall require any more special commission, that he doth promise in the faith and word of a King, that whatsoever shall in this business be done, transacted, concluded, decreed, and promised, that he will hold it, ratum & gratum: that is, it should be as strong, and as well pleasing to him, as if he had done it himself, and that he will by special edicts give commandment, that it be executed, and this power shall every one have, although they shall be hindered either through sickness, or any business, that they could not be there. This Treaty failed not of his wished profit: for they agreed upon certain articles of Peace, which were afterward ratified at San-Manehold, to wit, that upon the summons of a general Parliament, all the States of the kingdom should assemble at Seine, the 25. of August: and there it should be lawful for the deputies of the three Orders, to propound those things, which in their conscience they shall find to be profitable for the good of the Commonweal, and ease of the subjects, that so the King upon advice with his kinsfolk and other Princes, may in convenient manner, publish wholesome constitutions, renew ancient decrees, and annul and abrogate Orders made to the destruction of the subject. That the marriages undertaken with the Spaniard, should remain in their full force, seeing the Queen Mother hath by her letters, given sufficient reason for them to the Prince of Condie, that the bulwarks of the Castle of Messeron, should be thrown down, and that the request of the Duke of Niverne should be satisfied, touching a certain sum of money, which he demands of the King, for building of a house in lieu of that, which he had at Massera, which was thrown down, when the castle was builded. That the Castle of Blauet, which in the time of these troubles was seized, and began to be fortified, should be razed to the ground, and the place to be left in the same state as it was before the troubles, the Captain and guard removed out of it; which Order must be conceived generally to extend to the rest of the castles and forts, which were every where raised in the Province, during the troubles. That for avoiding and discharging the charges and inconveniences, which the subjects endured by the soldiers, as well French as strangers, which were hitherto levied, & diverfly scattered in the kingdom, in the name of the King and Prince of Condie, from the Kalends of january, all soldiers on both sides should be dismissed, and the strangers should within twelve days from the ratification of these Articles be conveyed out of the kingdom by Commissioners deputed by the King and Prince, and the French soldiers should within the said time, withdraw themselves to their own houses, under the pain appointed for vagabonds and rogues. That the Prince of Condie by the King's permission, shall keep the town and castle of Amboyse, with 100 garrison soldiers for his security, until the time of the general Parliament. That the Duke of Vendosme, if he return to his house, and rest contented with these Articles, should be restored to his place, and enjoy his former honour as before, all manner of inhibitions being taken away and abolished by the public Edicts, that they may prejudice nor hurt him any more. That he received money of the chief of the Province to maintain his army, the King should allow. Likewise for one whole year complete, the King should maintain the forces appointed for Machen, and Bell Isle, if the Captain of Retse shall require the same. That the damage, which was done to Monsieur de Camore at Hennebon, where he is Commander, should be recompensed, and he restored to his former office and dignity. That all companies of soldiers brought into the cities and towns of this Kingdom, during this commotion from the Kalends of januarie until this time, should be dissolved, except 100 soldiers at Massire, and 200. at Soisson, under the command of the Duke de Maine, which are to continue until the Parliament be finished, seeing that other Cities and Towns should be restored to their former estate. That the King by his letters sent to all the Parliament, should signify and make known that he is sufficiently persuaded, that the Prince of Condee and other officers of the kingdom, of what estate and condition soever, who followed them in this commotion, attempted nothing of any evil purpose, neither did fall from their obedience due to the King, adding a necessary both excuse, and assurance, that they need not be called into question for them, but that they should be again restored to their former Dignities and Offices, and enjoy the profits of them as before: And that letters should be dispatched to the confederate Princes and Estates, and that they should truly understand with all speed by certain fit Messengers for that purpose, what the King doth assuredly know touching the innocency and loyal affection of the Prince of Condee and other officers. That the King shall pay to the Prince of Condee for the charges of him and other officers during these troubles, the sum of four hundred and fifty thousand pounds to be divided by him among the Princes and other Officers. These matters thus being ordered, and allowed and confirmed by the King, the Prince of Condee, and other Princes and Officers of the kingdom disclaimed and renounced all confederacies undertaken either within the kingdom, or without, and promised never to enter into any league any more. On the other side, the King granted to the Duke of Niverne his letters Patents, to him and his eldest son of the government of Champain.  
These businesses in this manner being passed, and all agreement signed and sealed by the King himself, the Queen Mother being Precedent, and also by the Prince of Condee, and Ventadurius, the Duke of Bullion, and other Princes, the Prince of Condie wrote his letters to the Queen Mother, wherein he professed that both in regard of her great good will before time declared unto him, and also for the great favour she had done him in this present treaty, that he acknowledged himself so much obliged to her, that he could not forbear to give her great thanks for this royal affection of hers towards him: but he did beseech her that she would weigh courteously and equally with herself by what freeness of mind he was impelled to undertake these businesses, who if he might have lived without the malice of adversaries that lay in wait to surprise his honour and estate, had never proceeded so far, neither had any stir been made in the kingdom. But now all matters being stilled and quieted by the grace of God, and the wisdom of the Queen, that he did earnestly beseech her that she would so order and govern all things hereafter, that no occasion may be offered to the renewing of the like Commotions; for that he for his part would always be most ready in his place to perform all manner of service to the King his master.  
While these things passed in France, there appeared at prague, and thorough all Bohemia a Sun Circled called Paralia, and two Suns seemed to appear in heaven. At Nemeth in Hungary, a fountain near to the walls of the City broke forth with great force into streams of blood, almost by the space of an hour. At Butoarium a woman brought forth a monster, resembling a Seafish. And another woman in a village not above a mile from prague, brought forth a child with one body, but fearfully shaped, with four hands, and four feet, which lived until the next day. A little before in Carinthia it reigned a kind of red grain, whereof there was baked good bread, which was brought over by certain Merchants from Villacum. And even at this time was seen in the air a red Cross, not without great wonder and terror to the beholders.  
Almost about the same time, being the fifteenth of May, Wolfangus William neglecting the Augustane Confession, fell to the Pope, and embraced the Roman Religion, and at a Mass, which was celebrated in the parish Church of Dusseldorpe, with great solemnity and all manner of music, he with his wife received the Sacrament after the Popish manner. Afterwards a Sermon was made by the Dean of the Church, out of the third Chapter of john, wherein also the reasons were delivered, for which the Prince had withdrawn himself into the bosom of the Romane-Catholicke Church. After a few days a Nuncio came from the Pope, accompanied with certain Capuchin Monks, to Dusseldorpe, to confer plenary absolution and benediction upon the Prince, and to exhort him to constancy.  
This revolt and change of Wolfangus bred great sorrow and grief in the mind of Philip Ludouicke Prince of Newburge the father, and since that which was done could not be undone, being solicitors in the behalf of his subjects, exhorted them to fall to prayer for the conserving of the sincere and wholesome doctrine of the Gospel, and to that end published an Edict to be observed by all the Pastors of the Churches to this effect. For as much as he hath ordained and commanded all the Pastors and Ministers which is in the Principality of Newburge, that they carefully providing against this present necessity, and the eminent fearful change of Religion, that not only they themselves do meet in the Churches every Monday at twelve of the clock, to power forth prayers to God with their hearers, but also that they be careful that the same be done by the Ministers and Preachers under their jurisdiction, that he doth straightly command and enjoin them all that they give good example to their hearers, and that they the time and place aforesaid, and together with their Auditors, men, women, and children, and their whole families, they do beseech the Lord to turn away the danger, which now is at hand, and that in the solemnizing of public prayers, they do premise a general admoninion in this manner.  
Besides the calamities and manifold punishments, wherewith the Lord hath chastised these Countries for their manifold transgressions, that now it is greatly to be feared, lest they be deprived of the greatest treasure which they have in this world; that is, the purity of the word of God, and that the famine which the Prophet speaks of do fall upon these Countries. That they all had deserved this punishment thorough their unthankfulness, security, & contempt of the word of God, yet is to be hoped, that if turning to God with their whole hearts, they shall repeat and implore the goodness of God, and do present their supplications to him against the dismission of the sincere Preachers of the word of God▪ and the change of religion, which will in time prove hurtful to them and their posterity: it may come to pass, that God for the merit and intercession of his son, and for the glory of his most holy name, may repent him of his purpose, and may leave his blessing amongst them, that they may yet longer enjoy the great Supper of his, to which they have been invited. Therefore to this end that God is to be invocated with ardent prayers, and true groves, in this manner. O etérnall God, etc.  
But when this unexpected change of Prince Wolfangus Guilielmus, bred divers thoughts in the minds not only of the Courtiers and Councillors, but also of the commons of those countries, who professed the Augustane and reformed religion: the Prince to pacify them and to hold them within the compass of their obedience, published an Edict, wherein he declared, that he had no intention to make any disturbance among his subjects in the point of religion: that he did not only hear by relation, but observed it himself: that many of his Officers, Councillors and other Ministers, as also of his subjects dwelling in cities & villages, are much troubled and perplexed in regard of his Christian conversion, and public confession, and this his transition to the ancient Roman Church, as if by reason of the evident and known difference of religions, he meant not to maintain them in the exercise of the religion, but in the point of religion would make innovation, and force them to embrace the confession of a contrary religion. Therefore that no occasion may be taken of alteration, and of change of allegiance and duty due unto him, especially in these touchy and dangerous times. And for as much he never intended any such thing, that he thought good by these letters to testify, that he hath resolved not only to departed from the covenants and mutual obligations passed, but also with all his power to withstand them, who shall departed from the same, and to direct all his actions to the glory of God, the safety of his country, and to the preservation of justice, which is equally to be administered to all, without any respect of religion. And that he hopeth well, that all and every of his Councillors, Officers, Commanders and subjects, will constantly continue in their due obedience. For they who shall do the contrary, and fall away from their duty and allegiance, shall no longer enjoy their commodities and privileges, which either they received of their ancestors, or have obtained by covenant and mutual obligation. These letters being published the 14. of june, when it was given out that the Prince of Brandenburge went about to bring in the reformed religion, he also by his Proclamation professed, that every man shall enjoy his religion, and that none under his government shall suffer any trouble for his conscience sake.  
Now for the extinguishing of the unkindness grown between the Princes of Brandenburge and Newburg, and to compose all controversy in a friendly manner, there was a meeting appointed the 10. of june, at Wesel, whether the Elector of Collen and the united Estates sent their Ambassadors. Who when they persuaded the Newburgians, that they should within three days dismiss their soldiers at Dusseldorpe, both the garrison soldiers and the mustered also, and that they should forbear to fortify the town. The Newburgians wondering at this their Order, answered, that if Gulick were restored into her former estate, that they would be ready to do what lay in them: but rather than they would yield consent to the division of the country, they would first try all manner of extremity. Therefore when neither part would yield from their right, that meeting was frustrated.  
The Newburgians returning home, when the Prince understood the demands of the united Estates, to show himself inclinable for his part, conceived in writing certain Articles, by which he supposed a composition might be made, and caused it to be presented to the Estates: That the whole treaty at Wesel consisted in this, that the United Estates did hold, that the army mustered by the Duke of Newburge should be dismissed: on the contrary, in the behalf of the Prince, it was declared not only for what reasons that army was levied, but also how necessary it was, that the army should be withdrawn from Gulick, and that town to be reduced to his former estate. Therefore when as the Estates themselves have by their letters declared, that they gave warrant to their Commissioners, to compose by way of provision at the least all controversies between the Princes, and to provide, that as well their subjects as neighbours, should be preserved from all danger and trouble. Notwithstanding that jealousies and distrust have not a little grown by this, that against his privity and consent, and otherwise then he had deserved of them, he was dispossessed of the Castle of Gulicke, and his garrison soldiers put out of it, which possession and detention hath been hitherto continued, under a pretence of a common benefit to both the Princes: whereby it is no hard matter to conceive, what suspicions are like to arise thereby in the Empire, especially with the Emperor himself, who is chief Lord of the Fee, and other Electors and Princes, pretending any title to those countries, that he should be so disturbed, in a possession purchased with such danger, charge and travel, and the sequestration before time so much misliked by the Estates of the low Countries, and with many reasons oppugned against the Archduke Leopalde, should there so easily be allowed. Seeing therefore there is danger, lest those that love not the Prince should draw this innovation into suspicion, and make that construction, that it should be thought, that more respect was given to the Estates of the United Provinces, then to the Emperor himself, (whom the Prince doth acknowledge the chief Magistrate, and Lord of the Fee) but also would offend the Emperor, and provoke him to enter into a new Process against the posseding Princes, and so would draw into danger a possession hitherto, procured with great travel and charge, to the great prejudice of the Prince, the which notwithstanding the Prince is loath to conceive of the Estates united, since by many letters they have abundantly declared their good affection toward him, therefore that the Prince doubteth not, but that the Commissioners deputed by the Electors and Estates united, to compound this business, considering these reasons, will do their best endeavour, that restitution maybe made of the castle of Gulick, and of all the appurtenances thereto. For first of all, that the Prince of Newburg will not refuse, (if the Prince of Brandenburge will do the same) at the first before any restitution made, to bind himself by his hand and seal, and to promise in the word of a Prince, that he will attempt nothing against the Prince of Brandenburg either now or hereafter, but in all points will keep the conditions agreed upon, and will be a faithful and equal keeper of the castle of Gulicke, as also of the castles, towns, sconces, and cities of these countries, without any man's prejudice, for the behoof and use of him who shall be the lawful successor and possessor, that he will deliver them to no third person, whosoever he be, that he will not usurp no more power over them, than the Prince of Brandenburge, but will govern and moderate all matters as before in an indifferent course of friendship, even until the controversy be finally decided. But to take away the difficulty which may happen, about the placing of an indifferent Governor in the castle, that the Prince of Newburge shall be well contented, that by the full consent of the Princes, or of the Estates of the country, a certain number of the Noble men of the country, fit for such a business should be deputed, and from that time after, that the Governors, Commanders, Lieutenants, and other officers, be chosen by lot, such as may yield to each Prince their due obedience, and may afterwards submit themselves to him, to whom the succession shall be adjudged: in the mean time that they do their service to both the Princes, and to the whole country, and be maintained by them: taking diligent heed, that no foreign soldiers come in amongst them, or that their forces be increased without the privity of the Princes, a a law certain also to be made, which should be observed in admitting either of the posseding Electors and Princes. Therefore whatsoever either of the foresaid Princes shall reciprocally promise one to the other, that the Deputies of the Prince's Electors, and of the United Provinces, should not only subscribe and confirm with their seals, but should promise to procure, that the same shall be allowed and received of the subjects of their Principality, the letters of ratification and allowance, being sent to each party mutually, within the next month after the transaction and agreement concluded. Furthermore, that the emperors consent also, as the Lord Pararamount is to be entreated, and the Kings of France and Britanny to be requested, not only by the Archbishop of Collen, and the estates of the united Provinces, but also of both the Princes, besides the neighbour Electors and Princes, that they would hold this transaction firm and stable, and would defend each part, and maintain against all unjust force. That the Counsellors of each part be admonished, that they rest upon this transaction, and attempt nothing against it. Besides a Parliament to be summoned, and that both the Princes should earnestly endeavour that the Estates of the Country be bound, to the conserving of this transaction in every respect, and to impugn and withstand by all means that party that shall violate the same. When as therefore by this means not only the united Estates, but also all others may be assured that the Castle of Gulicke, (in the recovery whereof as they, so also the Kings of France and Britain, the united Electors and Princes, yea even the posseding Princes themselves have been at great charge,) shall never come into the possession of any third person, and the Prince of Newburge openly testify, that during this treaty his meaning is to use the soldiers lying at Dusseldorpe only for the security of himself and of the place, and so soon as the transaction is finished will dismiss them, and enter into accord with the Prince of Brandenburge, that in himself he may receive some place for these most equal conditions, that he would beseech and admonish the deputies, that thus sundry grievances and complaints taken away, there may be a reconciliation of the parties procured, a course may with all speed be taken for the speedy determination of the controversy, and that in the mean time all things may be administered with an indifferent hand, according to the tenor of the former covenants. But if the Commissioners either all or some of them, have not warrant to condescend to these most equal conditions, but shall think it necessary that this treaty should be adjourned for two or three weeks, until they may consult with their principals (by whom they are sent) and know their minds, and that afterwards the same shall again be renewed, peradventure also with the assistance of both the Kings, (who are not to be left out in this business) that the Prince will not be against it, so as they undertake that no matter of hostility shall be attempted on either side. And that he doth hope that the Commissioners will use that care in the debating of the business, that they may with the more facility arrive to their intended end, that is, to the restitution of their ancient confidence, and the conservation of peace and tranquillity.  
The King of Spain when he understood what was done touching the Castle of Gulicke, moved the Archduke Albert to assist the Prince of Newburge, and to that end gave order for the levying of forces, and for money, which he sent into the Low Countries. Therefore Albert calling back the Captains and other Officers, whom he had before sent away, and declared the Marquis Spinola, General of the army, to execute upon the Cities of Aken and Mulheme the sentence of proscription, which the Emperor had made against them, who levied divers Companies of horse and foot, and provisions of all kinds for the war, which was carried to the Maze. On the other side, the Estates of Holland laded three ships with artillery, and drew to Schenke Sconce great forces, that is, 70. Companies of foot, and 18. troops of horse, besides 1500. Wagons for carriage of their provisions.  
In the mean time the Prince of Newburge took divers places in the Dition of Bercke, as Machem, Mandave, Ellersfield, and Burgh, which he also fortified with men and munition, and bearing himself as lawful successor, intending alone to inter the body of the dead Prince, without the privity of the Prince of Brandenburge, who had withdrawn all his forces and stuff from Dusseldorpe to Cleve: but he was deterred from that purpose by the persuasion of the Estates united.  
Some few years a go, there was set forth a book at Collen, with this title: Franciscus Suares of Granada, of the society of jesus, Doctor of Divinity, his defence of the Catholic and Apostolic faith, against the errors of the English sect. This book being examined in the Parliament of Paris, and found to contain in many places divers propositions and doctrines, contrary to lawful Kings appointed by God, and to their regal power and authority, and against the peace and tranquillity of their kingdoms, it was upon mature deliberation decreed and sentenced, that those doctrines and positions so scandalous, seditious, and invented and published to the subversion of kingdoms and countries, and to arm their subjects against their Sovereign Kings and Princes, yea and also detected to be manifestly full of lies and blasphemies, even in those places where the examples of Clodo●eus and Philip Pulcher are alleged, are therefore worthy to be burnt by the common hangman in the outward Court of the Castle. This done, it was by proclamation forbidden, that no Printer should print that Book, or being printed should bring it into the kingdom, read it, writ out, or keep it, much less that any should read it in schools, or give up the propositions contained in it to be disputed. And a Decree further was made, that the Decree of Theological faculty, made by virtue of a Parliament order, published in the year 1610. of renewing the censure of doctrines made, anno 1408. in the Council of Constance, and also in the years 1578. and 1595. together with this late decree of Parliament, should publicly read every year the fourth of june, in the Colleges of the Theological faculty, and also of the Priests and students of Claremount College, and of the begging Orders, and that at the suit of the King's Attorney General a diligent process should be made against them, who had written any thing against this Prohibition. Furthermore it was decreed, that the Fathers of the society of jesus, Ignatius Armundus, Rector of Paris, Cotton, Frontone, and Sirmund should forthwith appear in Parliament, and there that they should receive rebuke and taxation, in that against their own promise and decree made by their General, anno 1610. the foresaid book was printed, and was brought into the City of Paris, to annihilate the authority of the King, to the dishonouring of his person, and to the disturbance of the peace of the whole kingdom, adding this charge to them beside, that they should confer with their General about the renewing of this Decree, and publishing the same with all speed, and within the space of six months next ensuing, should publish and declare openly that thy have obeyed and satisfied this commandment of the Parliament, and have by their letters provided, that no such books hereafter shall be written by any of this society, and published abroad. Besides the jesuits were enjoined, that in their sermons they should dissuade and deter the people from the liking of such kind of propositions, and hereafter should teach and preach the contrary, if they did otherwise, they should be pronounced and declared by the Parliament guilty of high Treason. All these things were done and published the 27. of june, in the Palace of the Parliament, in the presence of Ignasius Armundus, Carolus Tourus who appeared for Cotton, Frontonius Duke, and james Sirmundus, fathers, who were specially required to be present at this business.  
In the former book we spoke of Sigefride Collonitius, how by an arrest made on him he was stayed at Neostade, who not long after was by night carried to Vienna, and laid in the prison, wherein we mentioned that Guntherode had been kept before time. Coming to Vienna, by chance he spied a certain Ambassador of Dresda, whom he entreated to procure him the favour of the Elector of Saxony, who afterward did entreat in his behalf to the Emperor in this manner. That Rodulph the late Emperor did many times use his service to excellent purposes against the Turks, who therefore held him in great account, as indeed he was for his virtue a wonder to all men, and a terror to his enemies. Therefore that he besought the Emperor, that in regard of his virtue and worth, and the fame of his name, he would deal graciously with him, and restore him to his liberty, especially since now he hath made his innocency manifest to the world. By which act, he shall not only bind the love of Collonitius and all worthy soldiers to himself, but shall take away from others all occasion of sinister conceit, that this which he suffers is for his religion and conscience. In like manner the Count of Thuron entreated the Emperor in his behalf, alleging that it was not only permitted, but also commanded by God that one should sue for another; and therefore that he trusting to the emperors singular grace and clemency could not forbear, but at the earnest request of Collonitius, to interpose his prayer and entreaty in his behalf. For he had been in former times his fellow-soldier, in the war against the Turks, wherein he carried himself faithfully and resolutely, and by his famous exploits in that service, and valiant deeds hath purchased a name, that in those parts will never be forgotten. Now if upon any weakness or oversight he hath committed any fault, he doth beseech his Majesty, that in regard of the faithful services, which he hath done to the house of Austria, he would please to pardon it, as proceeding not of malice, and that out of his grace and goodness, he would discharge him of the arrest, and suffer him to answer freely for himself.  
To this time the Turks with their incursions and depopulations into the country's adjoining, did the Christians much mischief. And having driven a great multitude of cattle, were at last encountered in the way by the Heyduccians, in number about 800. who in a skirmish put the Turks to flight, half a mile from Agria, and recovered the booty out of their hands. The Bashaw of Agria understanding this defeat, drawing forth 1000 of his garrison soldiers, renewed the fight, but was so received by the said Heyduccians, that he was beaten, having lost 200. soldiers, and his horse slain under him, that he had much a do to escape.  
The Heyduccians encouraged with this success, marched further, and on the sudden assaulting a castle upon Solnocke, took it, and carried away great store of goods and cattle. Others scouring the country towards Buda, by chance light upon a Lady going to be married from Strigonium to Buda, whom they chased, & brought away a great deal of wealth, which they took from the company. Not long after having battered the castles of Balastera, Micoluta and Fellaco, they overthrew 500 Turks and more, and sacked and spoiled all those places about, and when the Turks asked, why they so unjustly broke the Peace, they answered, that they gave the occasion, by the depopulations and excursions which they ●…de, but they for their parts were good fellows, that nei●●er cared for the Roman, nor the Turkish Emperor.  
Some few years passed, there arose certain contentions between the Citizens and Senate of Frankford, about the publication of privileges, which had been decreed and promised them by the Emperor: for the appeasing and reconciling of which differences, were deputed Commissioners by the Emperor, john Schuichardus, Elector of Mentz, and Lewes, the Landgrave of Hassia: who, after long and painful examination of the business, brought the matter to that pass, that they accorded upon certain articles, of which we will only mention the chiefest.  
First, that the Senate should faithfully deliver, and open all the privileges of the city, 7. persons being selected for the executing of the business, an oath being first taken of them, in whole custody the Records are kept, that nothing shall be carried out of the Office, and next of the persons selected, or deputed, for the review of the privileges, that if they find any which may be prejudicial to the city, they shall conceal them: and other, if they shall seem profitable for the citizens, that they shall faithfully reveal and discover them to the Commons.  
Many other articles were agreed upon, which rather concerned private commodity, than the public administration of the common weal. But the differences between the citizens and the Senate were composed, and that the Peace and friendship might the better be preserved between them hereafter, and that both obedience and respect might be yielded to the Senate, and the Citizens without impeach enjoy their liberties and privileges, there was decreed solemnly a public release and obiteration of all those things, which during these troubles have been done or said urgently between them: that none of those things should be prejudicial to any. Furthermore, that they should forbear all secret conventicles and factions, and especially that none, either Senator or Citizen should undertake or attempt any thing against this transaction: the which since, the Emperor at the earnest request of the foresaid Commissioners, the Senate and the Citizens hath ratified, and confirmed by his special rescript.  
The Companies of Smolensco, who returned home 〈◊〉 of the war of Moscow, did with great importunity challenge their pay, and made great uproars in Polonia and the Countries thereabout, killing of the Country men, with no less cruelty and fury then if they had been in the enemy's Country, spoiling and burning all where they came. Therefore the Elector of Brandenburge, to remove such a mischief from the borders of his Country, put his subjects into arms, and sent to the Bishop of halls many wagons laden with provisions for war. The Elector of Saxony following his example, mustered up his soldiers also, and taking great quantities of arms out of his storehouses of Dresda, and Witemberge and his other armouries, caused them to be carried to divers Castles and Towns.  
When the rumour was spread of the Governor of Milan, the Dukes of Mantua, Savoy, and Lorraine, and others, that they had a mighty army in readiness, the united Electors and Princes, were from divers places admonished, that they should take circumspect heed of a sudden irruption; in the mean time the Moscovites making a sudden incursion into Lithuania, infested and annoyed all the Country about with burning and spoiling. The Tartars in like manner wasting and making havoc in the confines of Polonia.  
The 12. of August died the illustrious Prince, Philip Ludouicke the old Duke of Newburge, who by his last Testament made the Duke of Wittemberge, and the marquess of Durlace his Executors.  
At this time the Provincial Diet was held at Lints, wherein all the hereditary Provinces of the Emperor, the Bohemians, Austriacks, Styrians, Carinthians, Carniolanes, Silesians, Lusatians, Moravians and Hungarians were assembled. It was propounded in that assembly, that of the Turks part the peace was broken, by reason of many excursions, and direptions of men and cattle, and other hostile attempts of that kind, and that so much more certainly, that besides Valachia and Moldavia, he hath made challenge to Transyluania as his proper inheritance, and hath fortified it with Garrison soldiers, under the government of Gabriel Bethline, hath assembled the States of the Country, and hath denounced by his letters to the Emperor, that he should forbear to intermeddle in the Country. There was mention made of Gabriel Bethline, that he hath made him Governor, and the Turks Vassal, that this Province might be united to the Turks Empire; since than it brings more hurt than profit to the Christian world, it seemeth no part of wisdom to abandon the Country to the Turks, especially considering the benefit which it bringeth to the Turk, and the mischief it bringeth to the Christians, seeing it is so opportune for each party to make war against the other. That it is no expecting the ratification of the peace, seeing the Sultan will by no means suffer that the Province should swear to them both. Furthermore, it was in the Parliament demanded, since things hold no longer currant, but the Sultan lays claim to the Province, nor will suffer that hereafter the Germans should give laws to the transylvanians, what should be answered to the Turk touching all these things: and since the Turkish Ambassador hath come without any commission against the express conditions of peace, & the Sultan hath no will to ratify the sixth Article of the transaction, if his Ambassador is to be admitted, and his letters to be received by the Emperor, to whom only it is fit they should be delivered. The last question was this, whether a new transaction be to be made with the Sultan, since he refused to ratify the former, and whether the Sultan stand to his promises or not (as he hath done about Moldavia, Valachia, and Transyluania) if he should invade Hungary before this Parliament be finished, what is to be done, should the Emperor descend to a mean of pasification, which by him hath not hitherto been violated?  
In the mean time came the Turks Ambassador to Lints, by sea. Therefore those Delegates which were there present, in the behalf of the hereditary Provinces and kingdoms, without delay delivered to the Emperor their answers to all the propounded articles of the present consultation: whose opinion was, that it behoved the Hungars to devise a mean how this transaction made with the Sultan might be kept on foot, and yet without prejudice to the emperors authority, and in regard of the future and imminent necessity, that necessary means might be provided for the defence of the Country. The transylvanians by all means labouring, and deprecating, that no army may set foot within their Province.  
During this Parliament the Mandate declaratory of the proscription in the business of Aken, was published in Frankford the 23. of August, by the Subdelegates of the Emperor, to this effect. That after his happy access to the Empire, he used all special diligence immediately, that in all places justice might be restored to her brightness; and by this as by a mean the peace and concord of all estates and members of the Empire might be conserved. Therefore after that he understood in the very entrance to the Empire, of the troubles and confusions which fell out from the year 1611. in his and the imperial city of Aken, as well in civil as Ecclesiastical matters, that he took especial care and notice of this business, and understood all which was at large opened by both the sides, as well in the behalf of the old Catholic Senate, as of them who now are in place of authority, first at Vienna, and next at Ratisbone: moreover that he might understand the whole truth, sent from his Court to this City honourable Commissioners the next year 1613. that by this means he might be the surer not to serve from justice in the future decision of the business: and how he hath with mature deliberation examined, whatsoever hath been written to him in this case by the Electors, Princes, and the Estates Imperial, of both Religions, and hath omitted no means which might in any sort make for the true knowledge of this business. And that it is evident by all the Acts and Records made in the course of justice, that when in the year 1582. the first stir began in this City, whereby the Senate was removed from his authority, and a great change made as well in Ecclesiastical as in civil matters, his brother Rodulphus Caesar, out of his fatherly affection to this City, thought it to belong to his duty, maturely to provide by what means this fire might be put out: for even for this cause that he appointed the next neighbouring Princes to this City, and Estates of the Empire, as the Bishop of Liege, the Duke of juliers and Cleve, Philip Buron of Vimeberge, and Philip Earl of Nassaw, the Commissioners, who were very careful and diligent to compose this business, but could not prevail with these troublesome spirits, who neglecting the whole authority of the Emperor, and the Commissioners, took up arms in all fury, seized themselves on the public armory, and on the Senate; that the Emperor when he understood this, yet proceeded not to extremity of law, as yet, but even used all gentleness, and gave a second Commission to the Electors john of Triers, and Augustus of Saxony; but for all that, could prevail no more than before, further than that their Subdelegates, who setting a part the danger of these troubles, adventured themselves into the city, after much loss of time and pains, they left a plea of Recess there, which each part might use to the final determination of the cause, in the Diet to be kept at Augusta, anno 1582. That they did not only accept of this Recess, but also delivered their complaints to Rodulphus Caesar, and spent many years in pursuing the business before him, until at last anno 1593. being summoned to hear the definitive sentence they appeared, for there in the presence of the Emperor, and with his allowance, the sentence was published against the defendants in this manner: That those things which had been done in the city, in a furious and unlawful manner, should be accounted as void, and that all things ought to be restored into the same state, wherein they were before the innovation. But whereas the other side which quailed in the judgement, did not as yet satisfy the excecutorie decree of the Emperor, it fell so out, that in the year 1598. that is, the fifty after the condemnation, and publication of the definitive sentence, the sentence of proscription was pronounced against them, for this insolent and stubborn contumacy of theirs. By this course, being at the last brought to submission, and when upon their oaths they promised that they would in every point obey the Emperor's commandment, they were again by the Emperor received into favour. But afterward in the 13. year after, when not only against the executory sentence published, and the declaration of the proscription made, but also against the sworn submission of the condemned persons, who notwithstanding for the most part were not native citizens, but strangers, and foreigners coming from other places. That the Emperor Rodulphus took that behaviour of theirs in very ill part, as a thing exceeding contrary and prejudicial to his authority and dignity, in regard of the sentence passed, and the matter judged already, and forthwith to justify and make good his authority published against this tumultuous & seditious company, a very severe penal decree, with this meaning, that they should give over these attempts, and at the last obey the sentence pronounced ann. 1523. by which mean they should discharge their own promises. And although he be gone to heaven, yet there is no doubt, but if he had lived longer, he would never have endured this injury done to his imperial authority and dignity, especially seeing he had in his life appointed Ernest Archbishop of Collen, and Albert the Archduke his brother his Commissioners, for the pacifying that tumult, and executing his decree, with most absolute power to execute the same. But for as much as he being dead, in the time of the vacancy, and during the tumult, a plea of Recess hath been made and published in the city, the 19 of May, anno 1612. by the Delegates of the Illustrious Prince Palatine, john Administrator of the Palatine Electorate, and Vicar of the Empire, which doth directly cross this former executory decree, and the promises confirmed by oath, and tendeth not only to the mischief and hindrance of them, who now had won the right, which they sued for, but also to the impairing of the authority of his brother deceased, and of other succeeding Emperors, that a business already now judged and sentenced, and submissions confirmed by oath, should without any judicial course, be so easily blown away, that he after diligent examination of all circumstances, and deliberation used touching the whole business, cannot otherwise judge and pronounce, but that the sentence of the Emperor published the 27, August anno 1593. and the submissions and promises which ensued the same, should abide in full force, and that the commandment of the Emperor, published last of Octob. an. 1611. aught in all points to be satisfied, without any consideration to be had of the foresaid recess or inparlance. Therefore that he hath appointed the most Excellent Ferdinand Archbish. of Collen, and Albert the Archduke his brother his Commissioners, in no other manner then before was done by the Emperor Rodulph his brother deceased, and hath given them power, that either themselves, or they by their substitutes, should signify this his Mandate declaratory, to all the inhabitants of the imperial town and royal seat Aken, and according to the full power, wherewith they are furnished, should by all means compel the parties condemned to due submission and obedience, until they do restore all things to the same state, wherein they stood, before the 6. of july, anno 1611. Therefore that he doth earnestly charge and command, all and several the citizens, inhabitants, and subjects of the foresaid city, whosoever have under any pretence attempted any thing against matters judged, executions, obedience, and the commandment of the Emperor, published, ann. 1611. that forthwith they forbear all these innovations and stirs, under what colour or title soever, that they restore all things into the same place wherein they were, after the submission made anno 1598. until the 5. of july, anno 1611. that they do in deed and truth, testify their submission before the Commissioners or their Substitutes: that they obey and do all things which the Commissioners in his name command them, and attempt nothing against them, so as they will avoid his certain displeasure, and the punishments, included in the former executions, and in the last Mandate of the Emperor, the taxation of the charges, and the special punishment and censure against them who have professed themselves the ringleaders and authors of those troubles, being reserved to his peculiar order; as also on the other side, he promiseth that he will administer justice to all, hearing all complaints, which any shall make against the old and lawful magistrate, after the submission made. This Mandate Declaratory, dated the 20. of Feb. at Budovitium, when it came to Albertus the Archd. hands, the execution thereof was by him committed to the Marquis Spinola, who incontinently mustering up 30000. horse and foot about the Thine, departed to Maesstriht, with 400. wagons, and 80. pieces of great ordinance, and from thence marched to Aken, bearing on his Tent the Eagle, the ensign of the Empire. When he was come before the town 21. August, and with great speed had pitched his camp, and placed his ordinance, the next day he sent his messengers into the city, to acquaint the Senate and Townsmen with his commission, and the emperors commandment, who presently assembling the Companies, entered into deliberation, how to give speedy remedy to these mischiefs, that the city might be spared. Therefore after divers consultations, the conclusion was, that the Clergy with the Pope's Nuncio, with other principal Burghers, should go to Spinola, and humbly entreat of him favour in the behalf of the town and the inhabitants. Which when they had done, after a very little conference, the city was yielded to the emperors pleasure. The town being given up, the soldiers of the Prince of Brandenburge were dismissed out of the town, with their arms and colours displayed, the 24. of August, and twelve ensigns of horse and foot brought into the town: upon whose entry, the gates were shut, that none might pass any way. After this, the new Senate of the Protestants being dismissed, the other Popish Senate, which had been discharged, was restored to his former place, and from that 28. day, was had the first meeting in the Senate to begin public consultations: and certain soldiers, by whose help, one of the Consuls had escaped over the walls out of the town, and some others, who were reckoned the chief authors of these troubles, were committed to prison.  
The 15. of September last, were two great Armadaes in a readiness, the one of the Turks, to the number of 65. Galleys, which lay at Navarine in Morea, which was the old Peloponesus in Greece: another of the Christians, who have 85. Galleys well appointed at Messina in Sicily, who had then taken two of the Turks Galleys spies. It is suspected the Turk intends this preparation for Calabria, the country is likewise prepared to bid him welcome.  
The matter thus ordered at Aken, Spinola with his army marched toward Duren, whom the townsmen met in the way, and delivered him the keys, as to the emperors Lieutenant. In this time the Prince of Newburge levied his forces, which consisted of 800. horse, and 5000. foot, and the Count of Ridberge was employed to levy more soldiers. On the other side the Prince of Brandenburge gave order to his Captains and Officers to levy three Companies of foot, and 1000 horse. Also the Palatine Elector used great diligence in levying of forces, which he drew to Bilifield to the appointed place upon the marches of his Country, commanding his subjects that they should be ready if occasion of service should require.  
Spinola after that he had left soldiers in Duren, marched to Mulheme, which he took, and leaving 500 men to throw down and to raze the trenches and bulwarks of that place, departed and took in Berchem, Castre, Grevenbruke, and other small towns, and put soldiers to keep them. Afterward going to Rhinbirke, he made a bridge of boats over the Rhine, that he might pass his army for weasel, Rese, and Emmericke. This unexpected journey of Spinola, and success especially at a time when there was now begun a friendly treaty, the Ambassadors of the Kings of Brittany and France being present, and interceding for peace, gave occasion to the Estates of the united Provinces to suspect ill dealing: which caused them with all celerity and speed to gather their forces and to hasten into the field.  
The emperors Mandate being published at Franckfort, as we have related before, that none should be so hardy as to hinder the ancient Senate, but that they may enjoy their former place, when the time of submission was now at hand, the Substitutes of the Elector of Mentz, and Prince of Darmestadte, came into the City the 11. and 12. of August, and showing their letters of warrant, carefully advised the Citizens to obedience. The Citizens a little before this time had sent certain messengers to Lints, who exhibiting complaints against the old Senate to Caesar, should entreat that this abrogation of their authority might be ratified by the Emperor. But because they were not as yet returned, a writing was delivered to the Substitutes, and a request made by the Citizens that the execution of this Mandate might be respited but until the return of those Citizens, adding this protestation, that if it so fell out that the Emperor continued in the same mind still, that they would not be against it, but in all points would obey his pleasure. In the mean time some of the old Senators had taken their place again, and now the time appointed in the Mandate for submission was at hand. Therefore they sent for the servants of sundry tradesmen, the 22. of August, opened unto them the meaning of the Mandate, and to avoid the danger and mischief that might be fall them thereby, advised them by all means, that they would not stick to their masters and Lords, but depart some whither out of the City for a time. Then there went a rumour abroad, that they who were noted to be disobedient, should shortly see their names fastened to the gallows. This report whether it proceeded from the Substitutes, which they have constantly denied, but the other affirmed, or whether it was devised by some other, which is more probable, certainly it was the cause of a great uproar in the City. For the common people transported with rage and fury, did in flocks run up and down the town, and began to encourage and provoke one another to commit some notable outrage, until toward evening, the whole force of their madness being converted into the jews street, they spoilt and ransacked the same. The jews at the first withstood them, and with barrecadoes of all manner of stuff defended their houses, being assisted by some of the Citizens themselves. But the numbers of the raging multitude increasing more and more, and the rascals and lose people flocking out of all quarters and corners of the town, and mixing themselves with the servants and prentices gathered such a head, that they were past resistance, the Consuls themselves and other good Citizens being unable to prevail against their fury, either by force or by persuasion, for the rage the more increased, the more it fell out that any were wounded in the tumult. For one was wounded in the arm, another in the ear, another in the eye: some being wounded to death fell to the ground. The next day the Citizens armed themselves, and came up with a competent number of horse and foot into the street, and taking the goods from those lose fellows, whom they could light on in the streets, caused them to be laid up for the owners. So there was an end made of this robbing and mutiny. The jews moved with the fear of this uproar, to the number of 1500. forsook the City, resolving to dwell somewhere else.  
marquess Spinola in the mean time coming to Rhinberke, resolved to besiege weasel, accompanied with 12000. horse and foot. The Vesalians understanding this determination of Spinola, presently dispatched messengers to Rhinberke, to gratulate his coming, and to present him with certain cartlodes of wine, and to desire of him the cause of his coming, that they might give him satisfaction; who answered them, that they must restore the City into the same condition and state of government wherein it stood in the time of Charles the fifth, and receive his Garrison into the town. When this answer was delivered to the Citizens assembled in the Parish Church, they bond themselves instantly by mutual oaths, that they would fight to the last gasp for their Country, and die and live together in the quarrel. But Spinola the 23. of August approaching with all his Camp nearer to the town, sent certain Companies aforehand to make an assault upon the walls: which the townsmen issuing out of the town received in such manner, that they slew very many of them, especially with the great Ordinance, which played from the town: but Spinola marching near with the the rest of the army, they retired into the town: But he caused 18. Mural engines to be set against one place of the wall, threw down one of the gates of the town, which with the fall oppressed divers, and struck such a terror into the minds of the Citizens, that the women in all places came with their children running to the walls, and with weeping and wring of hands entreated Spinola to spare them. A treaty hereupon appointed, an agreement was made, that one thousand soldiers should be received into the City, and should be billeted by the Magistrate upon divers houses, who notwithstanding living under military Discipline, should be no burden to the townsmen, nor receive either meat or money of them. 2. That Gulicke being once restored to the former estate, by the Estates of the United Provinces, the City should be again discharged of these Companies of soldiers. 3. That no change should be made either in civil matters, or Ecclesiastical, and those which concern religion. 4. That the City should retain all her privileges without impeachment. 5. That by this occasion no prejudice should be offered to the Prince of Brandenburge. 6. That his Officers and Ministers with all their arms and provisions might remain in the City so long as please them. 7. That the City should keep still their Ordinances and all Provision for war in their possession. 8. That the Garrison soldiers of the City should departed with all their arms. 9 That it should be free for any Citizen to departed out of the City, whensoever he would.  
These conditions being subscribed by Spinola, and after to be confirmed by the Prince of Newburge, the City was delivered into Spinola his hands.  
While these matters passed in this manner, Grave Maurice, Count of Nassau, drew out his forces to the number of eighteen thousand horse and foot, appointing his rendezvous at Schencke Sconce, and taking to him William Henry Frederick, and john Ernest, Count Chastilion also, and Sir Horace Vere, and many other brave Commanders, marching with his whole army by water and land, he came before Emericke, and suddenly surprised the town, and put a guard in it. Next he marched to Rese. Now the townsmen a little before had sent their Consul to Spinola, promising him that they would receive a guard from him. But when his Excellency had pitched his Camp, and summoned the town to yield themselves, they refused, & discharged their Ordinance against the Spaniards, which Spinola sent with their consent, professing that they would be neutral, and would receive no guard from one side or other. The Spaniards being thus sent away and deluded, his Excellency commanded that the Artillery, and all provision should be made ready to batter the town which he intended to do very strongly: but the Burghers when they saw there was no remedy, yielded the town, and received a guard from his Excellency: who from thence marching further, took in Gocha, Calcar, Gunep, and other towns situate in those quarters.  
In the mean time Spinola neglecting the conditions of the treaty made with them of weasel, increased his guard against his promise and faith given: for he brought in three thousand soldiers to the great hurt of the City, and so terrified the Burghers, as he had done before at Duisburge, that not one Preacher durst dare to preach in public, in so much as their Churches seemed to be desolate. But further making a bridge of boats over the Rhine, between weasel and Buricke, part of his army he sent to take Sante, part he employed to raise a bulwark upon the Rhine anent Wesel, by that means to keep both the passage of the River, and the City itself in his power. There had been carried from the siege of Gulicke into the town of weasel, 22. pieces of great Ordinance, with exceeding store of powder and shot. All which he permitted to be taken away, and to be restored to the Prince of Brandenburge.  
But his Excellency marching on still, drew so near to Spinola, that he joined Tents with spinola's Tents, in so much as the P●rdues and Sentinels might not only talk, but also eat and drink together. And when he desired to see the letters of his commission, that he might know in whose name he entered into this expedition, Spinola desired his Excellency that he would in like sort satisfy him, who caused so many Trumpeters to sound the trumpet, as he had noble personages in his Campe.  
But to the declaration of the Estates of the united Provinces, that they would deliver the Castle of Gulicke by way of sequestration to the two Ambassadors of the Kings of Britanny and France, the Elector of Cullen answered: That he knew not the minds of both the Princes, whether they will assent to this motion or no: and that he knew as little whether these Ambassadors have sufficient warrant from the Kings their Masters to do the same: that as he conceived, it was a business rather of private honour, than the good of the Country which was stood upon. That it cannot be denied, but that he loseth nothing of his honour, who restores that which is not his own; therefore it should be fit for the common good, that on both sides restitution should be made of all places, and all questions which have risen from hence, should be clearly taken away. After he exhorted his Excellency, that he would please to spare neither time nor pains to compose these differences, but that he would be willing to stay arms, that the matter may be drawn to a treaty. That he also hath dealt earnestly with Spinola, that would stay here, but that he would not hearken to the motion, unless he were assured that the Estates, and the marquess of Brandenburge would also sit still, and attend the issue of a treaty. Therefore that the matter might with more conveniency be brought to a treaty, that he would wish his Excellency and the Estates to be effectually dealt withal.  
We spoke somewhat before of the preparations of the Governor of Milan, and other Princes of Italy to arms. Now about the beginning of September, the armies of the Governor of Milan, and of the Duke of Savoy, which are reported to exceed the number of 40000. have met in the field, and fought a very bloody battle. Albeit they of Berne and Geneva, and others, suspecting that some treachery lieth hidden under this pretence of quarrel, are upon their guard, and provide circumspectly against the worst: being also advised diligently by the Protestant Princes and Estates, that they suffer not themselves to be abused by any false pretences. Therefore certain Imperial Cities, as Strawsburge, Norimberge Collen, Worms▪ Ratisbone, Bibracke, Memming, Vinshem, Rotenburge, Veissenburge, Offenburge, Noerdling, Hailbrun, Essing, Reutling, Suinfurt, Colmar, Halle in Sueveland, and others, have with great speed sent their Ambassadors, for a meeting to be held the 6. of Septemb. in this cause of ulme, by reason of these tumultuous businesses, and rumours of wars, the illustrious Princes of W●ttemberge and Anhalte joining with them in this business.  
FINIS.