CERTAIN BRIEF RULES OF THE regiment or construction of the eight parts of speech, in english and latin.  
M.D.XXXVII.   

¶ Ad lectorem.  
Persuasum tibi sit candide lector, non absre cecinisse Horatium,  
Quid quid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta  
Percipiant animi dociles, teneantque fideles. Etenim praeceptionum prolixitas et incertitudo, teneriuscula et imbecilliuscula tirumcolorum ingeniola obtundit enecat et ad literarum nauseam adigit. Cui quidem malo hic partim consultum vides. Proponuntur. n. regulae quaedam grammaticae sintaxeos paucae et certae, atque eo ordine, ut quivis facile ediscat, primum de grammaticis concordantijs, deinde seorsim de nomine et caeteris orationis partibus pcipitur, postremo diversum diversorum verborum regimen penitus amputatur, et in calce libelli alphabetico elencho adscribitur. Anglicis, latina cum exemplis sub●ciuntur, ut eadem opera regulas intelligant, et latine discant. Porro compendio anxie studetur, superflua oina resecantur. Adeo melius est desiderari quaedam, praeceptorum diligentia inter docendum suppleri, quam immensa praeceptionum mole imbecillos adhuc animos obrui. Pueris haec scribuntur, quibus optandum, ut cum literis, pietatem facile foeliciterque imbibant. Vale.   


The first concord.  
A Verb personal of mode finite, agreeth with his nominative case in number and person, ut, Ego lego, Tulegis, Ille legit. Verbum personale finiti modi cohaeret cum nominativo, numero et persona. Exipiuntur collectiva, ut Pars abiere, Vterque deludunter dolis.  
¶ Moids finite be the indicative, imperative, optative, conjunctive.  
Modifiniti sunt indicatiws, imperatiws, optatiws, coniunctiws.   

The principal verb.  
¶ When an english is given, to be made in latin, ye must rehearse it, and look out the principal verb. If there be many verbs in a sentence, thy first is the principal verb, if it be not the infinitive mode, and have before him no relative, as, that, whom, which, nor conjunction, as ut, cum, ne. etc. Ye shall know the verb by these words, do, did, had, will, shall, would, should, may, might, am, art, is, was, were, be, can, could, must, which be signs before verbs, or else verbs themself.  
Cum sermo aliquis in latinum sit vertendus, principale verbum exquire, cui nominatiwm casum prepone, 
Emphasis est, cum alicuius genus sectam vel officium, ab aliis distiguimus, ut, Vos damnastis, nimirunqui judicum offici o fungimini Emphasis est cum minus dicitur et plus intelligitur, quod in pronōibꝰ accidit, ut Cantando tu illum? Tu amplioris significantiae et affectus latentis caussa additur.  qui si fuerit primae, aut secundae personae, non exprimitur, nisi discretionis aut emphasis causa, ut, Nos accusavimus. Tu audes ista loqui?  
Aliquamdo verbum infinitum ponitur pro nominativo, ut, Mentiri non est meum. Aliquamdo oratio, ut, Add, ꝙ ingenuas didicisse fideliter arts, Emollit mores, nec sinit esse feros.  
Aliquamdo adverbium cum nomine, ut, Partim virorum sunt occisi. Plus decem homines perierunt.   

The nominative case.  
¶ When ye have found the verb, ask this question, who or what, and that word, that answereth to the question, shall be the nominative case. Sometime an hole reason is the nominative case.   

Conception of persons.  
¶ Many nominative casis, with a conjunction copulative, will have a verb plural, which verb plural shall agree in person with the most worthy nominative case, The first person is more worthy than the second, and the second more worthy than the third, the plural number is more worthy than the singular. 
Conceptio est comprehen sio indignioris sub digniori.   
Plures nominativi verbum exigunt plurale digniores personae, ut, Ego et tu sumus in tuto: Tu et pater periclitamini: Pater et praeceptor accersunt te. Prima persona praestat secundae, secunda tertiae, pluralis numerus singulari.   

The second concord.  
¶ The noun adjective agreeth with his substantive, in case, gender, and number. Likewise participles & pronouns be joined with substantives.  
adiectiwm cum substantivo eodem casu, genere, et numero cohaeret, ut, Amicus certus in re incerta cernitur. Ad eumdem modum et participia et pronomina substantivis connectuntur, ut  
Donec eris faelix, multos numerabis amicos.  
Nullus ad amissas ibit amicus opes.  
Crede mihi, bene qui latuit, bene vixit, et intra Fortunam debet quisque manner suam.  
¶ When ye have an adjective, ask this question, who, or what, and that that answereth to the question, shall be the substantive.   

Conception of genders.  
¶ Many substantives, with a conjunction copulative, will have an adjective plural, which adjective shall agree with the substantive of most worthy gender.  
Plura substantiva exigunt adiectiwm plurale dignioris generis.  
¶ In things having life, the masculine is more worthy than the feminine, and the feminine more worthy than the newtre. In things without life, the newtre is most worthy, and is commonly used, what so ever gender the substantives be.  
In rebus animatis masculinum genus est dignius foeminino, foemininum neutro, ut, Mater et pater sunt boni, Bos et iumentum sunt ad precepe ligati. In rebus inanimatis, neutrum genus est dignissimum, et illo ut plurimum utimur, cuius cunque generis fuerint substantiva, ut, Calceus et subucula sunt detrita. Ira et aegri tudo permixta sunt.   

The third concord.  
¶ The relative agreeth with his antecedent, in gender, number, and person.  
Relatiuum cum antecedente, genere, numero et persona, concentit, ut, Literae, quas dedisti, fuerunt gratae.  
¶ When ye have a relative, ask this question, who or what, and that that answereth to the question, shallbe the antecedent.  
¶ When this english, that, may be turned into, which, it is a relative, other wise it is a conjunction, which in latin is called, ꝙ, and properly it may be put away, when the nominative case is turned into the accusative, & the verb into the infinitive mode, which commonly hath before him an accusative case.  
Quod coniunctio eleganter omittitur, cum nominatiuus in accusatiuum muratur, et verbum in infinitum modum, qui prae se accusatiuum habet ut plurimum, ut, Gaudeo, ꝙ tu bene vales, Gaudeo te bene valere.  
¶ Many antecedentes, with a conjunction copulative, will have a relative plural, which relative shall agree with the antecedent of the most worthy gender.  
Plura antecedentia adsciscunt relatiuum plurale dignioris generis, ut, Foemina et vir, 
Res sunt in animatae, propterea dixit quae, non quos  quos diligis. Arcus et calami quae fregisti.  
¶ A relative, coming between ii substantives of divers genders, if the later substantive be no proper name, may agree in gender with which ye will: But if the later substantive be a proper name, the relative must agree with him.  
Si relatiuum interponatur duobus substantivis diuersorum generum, quorum posterius est appellatiwm, respondebit utrivis, ut, Video animal, qui vel quod est asinus. Sin posterius fuerit proprium, cum illo quadrabit relatiuum, ut, Est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur.  
¶ Some time the relative is referred to his pronoun primative, understand in his possessive.  
Aliquamdo relatiuum respondet primitivo quod in possessivo intelligitur, ut, Haec est litera mea quiscribo.   

The case of the relative.  
¶ When there cometh no nominative case between the relative and the verb, the relative shall be the nominative case to the verb: But when there cometh a nominative case between the relative & the verb, the relative shallbe such case, as the verb will have after him.  
Cum nullus nominatiuus verbo et relativo interponitur, relatiuum erit verbo nominatiuus, ut, Miser est, qui nummos admiratur. At si nominatiuus intercedat, relatiuum regitur a verbo, ut, Foelix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum.  
¶ Nouns interrogatives and infinites, Follow the rule of the relative, as quis, uter, qualis, quantus, quotus, etc. which ever come before the verb like the relative.  
Ad hanc formam pertinent interrogativa et infinita nomina, videlicet quis, uter, qualis, etc. et semper praecedunt verbum, sicut relatiuum, ut, Hei mihi qualis erat? qualem nunque vidi.  
¶ Construction of nouns substantives.  
¶ When ii substantives come together, betokening diverse things, the one shall be the genitive case, and, of, commonly is his sign. But if they long both to one thing, they shall be put both in one case.  
Cum duo concurrunt substantiva diversa significantia, alterum in genitivo ponetur, ut, Amor nummi. Facundia Ciceronis. At ꝑ appositionem ponuntur in eodem casu. Appositio est du orum substantivorum eiusdem casus quorum unum declarat alterum immediata coniunctio, ut, Effodiuntur opes irritamenta malorum.  
¶ An adjective in the neuter gender, put alone without a substantive, standeth for a substantive, and oftentimes requireth a genitive case.  
A diectiwm in neutro genere absolute posi tum, est tanque substantiwm, et non recusat genitiuum, ut, Multum lucri, Id operis, Quid rei? 
Atticirmseu antiptosis.  Hoc noctis, Id genus quod genus figurata sunt, pro einus generis. etc.  
¶ The praise or dispraise of a thing is used diversly, but most commonly in the ablative case.  
Laus vel vituperium rei varijs modis effertur, at frequentius in ablativo, ut, Puer bona indole, Puer bonae indolis, Puer bonus indole, et puer bonus indolen sinecdochice. Synecdoche est, cum id quod partis est, attribuitur toti, et pars ponitur in ablativo vel accusativo.  
¶ A noun proper is put after a noun appellative in like case, other in the genitive case.  
Species subijcitur generi, vel in eodem casu, vel in genitivo, ut, Nomen Cato vel Catonis. In urbe Roma, vel Romae.  
¶ Opus et usus for need, requireth an ablative case.  
Opus et usus ablatiuum exigunt, ut, Opus est mihi tuo judicio. Viginti minis usus est filio, apud Plautum: et, Opus est mihi viaticum.   

Construction of adjectives.  
¶ Nouns of the comparative degree, having than, or by, after them, will have an ablative case, but when they have after them, of, or among, they will have a genitive case. The suparlatyve degree requireth a genitive case, beside the cases with prepositions.  
Comparativa cum exponuntur per quam vel per, 
Comparatiwm facit comparationem inter duo, suplatiwm inter plura.  adsciscunt ablatiuum, ut, Vilius argentum est auro, virtutibus aurum. Sum maior te quatuor annis. Cum autem exponuntur per ex, vel inter, genitiuum admittunt, ut, O maior iwewm. Superlativa gaudent genitivis, praeter casus cum praepositionibus, ut, Titides Danaum fortissimus. Multo long utrique gradui annectuntur, ut, Multo potior: Long doctissimus.  
¶ Nouns partitives, or like partitives, and certain nouns of number, require a genitive case, as aliquis, uter, neuter, nemo, nullus, solus, unus, medius, quisque, quisquis, quicunque, quidam, quis for aliquis, or an interrogative, unus, duo, tres, etc. primus secundus tertius. etc.  
Partitiva aut pertitiue posita, et quaedam numeralia, genitiuum admittunt, ut, Quorum altera exemplis alter scientia te possit augere. Nemo hominum. Quisque huius nationis. Medius duorum, primus omnium, sapientum octa vus. Centum virorum duo, exponuntur autem per ex, de, aut inter.  
¶ adjectives, that signify desire, knowledge, or remembrance, and such like, require a genitive case.  
Adiectiva, quae desiderium, notician, memoriam etc. significant, genitiuum adsciscuunt, ut Cupidus auri, Ignarus omnium, Fidens animi, Dubius mentis, Peritus belli, Memor preteriti, Reus furti.  
¶ adjectives, signifying fullness or emptiness, require a genitive or an ablative case.  
Quae copiam aut inopian significant, genitiuum aut ablatiuum admittunt, ut, Ditissimus agri. Stultorun plena sunt omnia. Copijs abundans. Crura thimo plena. Vacuus a periculo. Vacuus ira. Vacuus curarum.  
¶ Participles when they be changed into to nouns, require a genitive case.  
Participia, cum degerant in nomina, adsciscunt genitiuum, ut, Fugitans litium, Sitiens auri, Indoctus pilae, Cupientissimus tui.   

¶ Certain nouns will have a genitive or a dative, as these and other like.  
Quaedan genitiuum vel datiuum exigunt, ut haec et similia,  
Affinis senectutis ꝓprius hominis Similis pris senectuti homini pari Commune onium par tui Finitimus flwij onibus tibi fluuio Superstes paternae dignitatis Conscius delicti  dignitati delicto Socius belli Amicus Caesaris Conformis Imaginis bello Caesari Imagini Propinquus urbis Alienus consilij  urbi connsilio a consilio Immunis militiae  militia a militia   

¶ adjectives, that betoken profit or disprofyt, or be longing to any thing, require a dative case. Likewise nouns, in bilis of the passive signification.  
A dietiva, que commodum aut incommodum significant, aut relationem ad aliquid, datiuum postulant, ut, Obnoxius illi, Fortuna est mihi adversa, Aptus, accommodus, Idoneus, utilis, inutilis, natus bello ad bellum. Item adiectiva in bilis passive significationis, ut, Flebilis, Formidabilis omnibus.  
¶ The length or breadth or thickness of any thing, is put after, in the accusative, and sometime in the ablative.  
Mensura rei apponitur in accusativo, interdum et ablativo, ut, Turris alta trecentos pedes. Arbour lata tres digitos. Liber crassus tres policies, vel tribus pollicibus, Non plus patent palmam vel palma.  
¶ The instrument or manner of doing, is put in the ablative case after certain adjectives.  
Instrumentum, aut modus actionis, in ablativo subijcitur quibusdam adiectivis, ut, Auctus honore, Lassus cura. Non unque gravis aere domum mihi dextra redibat. Sum tibi natura parens, Preceptor consilijs, Fretus tua humanitate, Dignus, indignus honore.   

Construction of the pronoun.  
¶ Mei, tui sui, nostri, and vestri genityues of Ego, tu, sui, be used, when suffering is signified. When doing is signified, Meus, tuus, suus, noster et vester be used.  
Mei, tui, sui, nostri, vestri genitivi primitivorum, ponuntur, cum passio significatur, ut, Pars tui, amor tui. Verum meus, tuus, suus, 
passive significant, cum per verbum passi vum declarantur: active vero cum ꝑ actiwm verbum declarantur, ut, Amor tui i quo tua maris, amor meus, quo ego amo.  noster, vester, adiciuntur, cum actio significatur, ut, ars tua, Imago tua i quam tu possides.  
¶ These genitive casis nostrum, vestrum, be used after distributives, partitives, comparatives, and superlatives.  
Nostrum et vestrum genitivi, subijciuntur distributinis, partitivis, comparativis, et superlativis, ut, Nemo vestrum, A liquis nostrum, Maior vestrum, Maximus natu nostrum.  
His dictionibus, meus, tuus, suus, noster, vester, adduntur diversi genitivi, ut, Nostra duorum opera liberatus es. Vester cuiusque animus. Nostra omni refert. Nostra tui memoria. Nostros vidisti flentis ocellos. Et unius, ipsius, solius, ut, Mea solius opera evasisti. Tua ipsius causa.   

Construction of the verb. The nominative case.  
¶ Sum, forem, fio, existo, and verbs passives of calling, as vocor, salutor, and verbs of behaviour or gesture, as dormio, bibo, cubo, will have after them a nominative case, whose infinite modis will copull like casis, when they be joined with verbis of desiring.  
Sum, forem, fio, existo, etiam verba vocandi, verbaque gestus, sequitur nominatiuus, ut, Fama est malum. Malus cultura fit bonus. Vocatur dives, Ille salutatur doctus, Dormit securus, Bibit ieiunus. Quorum infinita, quando ponuntur cum verbis optandi, utrinque eosdem habent casus, ut, Petrus studet videri dives, Malo me divitem esse quam haberi.   

The accusative case.  
¶ Verbs transitives, whether they be active, common, or deponente, have an accusative case after them. Also verbs neuters will have an accusative case, of like signification.  
Verba transitiva, cuiuscunque generis, exigunt accusatiuum, ut, Sophiam me Graij vocant, vos sapientiam, usus me genuit, matter peperit memoria. Foeminae judificantur viros, Lagitur paecuniam. Etiam quaedam neutra accusativos cognatae significationis habent, ut, Endimionis somnum dormis, Olet unguentum, Gaudeo gaudium, Suave canit, pro suaviter.  
¶ Verbs of asking, teaching, and arraying, will have ii accusative casis, as, Rogo, doceo, induo. And some of them turn the one accusative into the ablative.  
Verba rogandi, docendi, vestiendi, duplicem regunt accusatiuum, ut, Rogo te pecuniam. Doceo te literas, Exuo me gladium. Rogandi verba alterum accusatiuum mutant in ablatiuum, ut, Peto te pecuniam, sive abs te. Vestiendi mutant alterum accusatiuum in ablatiuum vel datiuum, ut, Induo te tunica, vel tibi tunicam.   

The genitive case.  
¶ Verbs of accusing condemning, or warning, and verbs of contrary signification, will have beside the accusative case, a genitive or an ablative of the cause, but in certain only an ablative.  
Verba accusandi, damnandi, monendi, laudandi, et his diversa, asciscunt praeter accusatiuum, etiam genitiuum, vel interdum ablatiuum causae, ut, Hic furtise alligat, vel furto. Sceleris condemnat generum suum. Admonuit me errati vel errato. Condemnabo te eodem crimine. Liberabo te voti. Caedis a Romulo absolutus est. Vtrum ambitus accusas, an sacrilegij? At in nonnullis utimur solo ablativo, cum, vel sine prepositione, ut, Vtroque neutro, de ambobus. De plurimis simul accusaris.  
¶ Verbs that betoken to esteem, to regard, or to set by, will have a genitive, or an ablative seldom.  
Verba aestimandi genitivis gaudent, ablativis raro, ut, Quid de te fiat parvi curo. parvi, minimi, nihili, nauci, flocci, pili, assis, teruncij, huius non facio. Tanti eris alijs, quanti tibi fueris. Alia pluris estimantur, alia minoris: Sapientia magno existimanda est. Teruntio, nihilo, pro nihilo habentur literae. Aequi boni consulo, Aequi boni facio, Apuleius.   

diverse casis.  
¶ Miserior tui vel tibi. Memini te, I remember the, Memini tui vel de te, I speak of the. Obliviscor, recordor, reminiscor, memoro, te vel tui. Potior rerum vel rebus, To overcome or to obtain. Egeo, indigeo tui vel te, I have need of the.   

The dative case.  
¶ Est for habeo, will have a dative case, & Sum, and many other verbs, will have a double dative.  
Est pro habeo datiuum exigit, ut, Est tibi matter. Sum, cum multis alijs, geminum admittit datiuum, ut, Sum tibi praesidio. Do tibi vestem pignori. Natus sum laudi. Canon receptui. Verto hoc tibi vitio. Vinean habet derelictui, Poscit iuuenem poenae i ad paenam, Hoc tu tibi laudi ducis.  
¶ Verbs put acquisitively, with, to, for, or such other tokens after them, will have a dative case. Also sum, & his compoundies, & verbs compounded with satis, bene, male, as Satisfacio, benedico, maledico, and verbs that betoken,  

To compare, as 

Comparo  
Compono  
Confero. etc.    
To show or declare, as 

Indigo  
Expono  
Aperio    
To withstand or to hurt, as 

Obsto  
Noceo  
Aduersor    
To wait on, as 

Seruio,  
Ancillor  
Famulor.    
To trust, as 

Fio  
Confido  
Fidem habeo.    
To give, as 

Do  
Reddo  
Impendo.    
To ꝓmis, as 

Spondeo  
Promitto  
Recipio.    
To study or apply, as 

Studeo.  
Insudo  
Nitor.    
To help, as 

Auxilior  
Subuenio  
Opitulor.    
To take away, as 

Adimo  
Subtraho  
Aufero.    
To command or contrary, as 

jubeo  
Impero  
Prohibeo    
To favour or agree, as 

Faveo  
Placeo  
Suffragor.    
To flatter, as 

Adulor  
Blandior  
Palpor.    
To obey, as 

Pareo  
Obsequor  
Caedo.     
Verba acquisitiue posita, exigunt datiuum, ut, Non omnibus dormio. Huic habeo non tibi.  
Similiter sum, cum compositis, ut, Nec mihi prodest nec obest. Et composita cum satis, bene, male, denique verba comparandi, dandi, iubendi, narrandi, promittendi, favendi, repugnandi, repugnandi, nocendi, studendi, adulandi, serviendi, iwandi, obediendi, fidendi, auferendi.  
Dono tibi hoc munus, et te hoc munere. Impertio tibi fortunas meas, et te fortunis meis: et impertio te de hac re. Aspersit tibi labem, et te labe. Instravit equo penulam, et equum penula. Consulo tibi i do consilium. Consulo honori. i prospicio. Consulo te de hac re i consilium pero. Pessime istuc inte, atque in illum consulis. Timeo, metuo, formido te i ne mihi noceas. Timeo tibi et de te i ne laedaris, Metuo tibi et a te.   

The ablative case.  
¶ The cause, the instrument, and the manner of doing, is put after verbs, in the ablative case, without a preposition.  
Ablatiuus causae, instrumenti, et modi actionis, verbis quibuslibet subijcitur, declaratur autem ꝑ prepositiones cum, ꝑ, pre, propter. Causae, ut, Taceo metu, et pmmetu. Baccharis ebrietate. Instrumenti, ut, Ferit eum gladio. Modi, ut, Summa eloquentia causam egit. Hic interdum apponitur prepositio cum, ut, Summa cum humanitate, tractavit hominem.  
¶ Verbs of filling, and loading, emptyenge, and unloding, will have an ablative case without a preposition. Also vescor, fungor, fruor, utor, potior, dignor.  
Verba implendi, onerandi, et his diversa, exigunt ablatiuum, ut, Expleo te fabulis. Spolio te pecunia. Hoc te fasce levabo. Abdicavit se magistratu Afficio te honore, prosequor te amore. Vtor vino. Fruor meis studiis. Vescor carne. Fungitur magistratu. Dignor te honore. Muto aurum argento. Exulat patria. Laetor hoc nuncio.  
¶ Verbs that betoken to take, to receive to differ, to take away, will have an ablative case, with A, or Ab.  
Verba accipiendi, distandi, removendi, gaudent ablativo cum A, vel Ab, ut, Accepi literas a Petro. Audivi a nuncio. Long distat a nobis. Abhorret a literis, sive literas, Eripui te a malis.  
¶ When ye have dumb, cum, quando, or postque, in a sentence: ye may put them away, & put the words that follow, in the ablalive case absolute.  
Si hae particulae dum, cum, quando, aut postque, occurrunt in oratione: illas licet excludas, et sequentes voces in ablativo absolute ponas, ut, Me tacente loqueris. Lectis literis laetabar. Christo duce, vinces. Quo audito, vehementer excanduit.  
¶ A verb compound, sometime requireth the case of the preposition, that he is compound with.  
Verbum compositum aliquando regit casum praepositionis, cum qua componitur, ut, Exeo domo. Praetereo te insalutatum. Adeo Petrum.  
¶ A verb passive, will have after him an ablative case with a preposition, other sometime a dative, which was the nominative to the verb active.  
Passivis additur ablatiuus cum praepositione, qui activo nominatiuus erat, aut interdum pro ablativo datiws, ut, Lego Virgilium. Virgilius legitur a me. Mihi videbatur. Caeteri casus manent in passivis, qui fuerant activorum, ut, Doceo te grammaticam. Tu doceris a me grammaticam.  
Infinitiva adduntur verbis significantibus voluntatem, et nominibus significantibus facultatem, ut, Cupio ire. Gaudeo ditari. Memini facere. Peritus cantare. Dignus puniri, Certus ire.   

Gerundis  
¶ Gerundis, supins, and participles will have such case as the verbs, that they come of.  
Gerundia, participia, et supina, regunt casus suorum verborum.  

Di.  
¶ The gerunde in di, is put after certain substantiues, as ocium, facultas, copia, causa, occasio, desiderium, licentia, ars, potestas, mos, vaenia, voluptas, cupido, amor, gratia voluntas, locus, tempus. etc. and after certain adjectives, as cupidus, certus, peritus. etc.  
Gerundium in di, sequitur nonnulla substantina, ut, Ocium ludendi, Facultas loquendi. Copia dicendi. Potestas discedendi. Occasio pugnandi. Compono librum, pueros instituendi gratia. Et quaedam adiectiva, ut, Gnarus bellandi, Certus eundi, Peritus navigandi.   

¶ Do.  
¶ The gerunde in do, is put after verbs, with a preposition, or without a preposition. His signs be, with, of in.  
Gerundium in do, sequitur verba cum, vel absque praepositione, ut, In pugnando viribus est opus. Frigidus in campis cantando rumpitur anguis. 
Idest penes me non est  Non sum soluendo. Redeo a venando. Ratio bene scribendi, cum loquendo juncta est.   

Dum.  
¶ The gerunde in dumb, in manner showeth the cause, and is used with prepositions.  
But when necessity is betokened, it is put absolutely, with est,  
Gerundium in dum causam fere innuit, et apponitur cum praepositionibus, ut Mitto illum ad speculandum arcem. Ante damnandum, Inter caedendum. Et absolute cum verbo est, quando necessitas significatur, ut, Pugnandum est.  
¶ Sometime the gerundis agree in case, with the substantives that go with them.  
Interdum gerundia, casu conveniunt cum nomine, ut, Venio domum gratia salutandi amicos, et salutandorum amicorum.  
In exercendo iwentutem, et exercenda iuuentute. Ad speculandum arcem, et speculandam arcem.    

Supins  
The first supine, hath the active signification, and is put after verbs, and participles, that betoken moving: and sometime he is put alone with Est.  
Prius supinum, active significat, et sequitur verbum aut participium significans motum ad locum, ut, Eo cubiutm. Spectatum admissi, risum teneatis amici? Venio salutatum amicos. Et absolute, cum verbo est, ut, Pugnatum est.  
¶ The later suping, hath the passive signification, and is put after nouns adjectives.  
Posterius supinum, passive significat, et sequitur nomina adiectiva, ut, Turpe dictu. Facile visu.   

The price.  
¶ The word of price shall be put in the ablative case, without a preposition: But these words, put without substantives, be used in the genitive case, Tanti, quanti, pluris minoris.  
Precium in ablativo case effertur, sine praepositione, ut, Vendidit hic auro patriam. At hae voces, tanti, quanti, pluris et minoris, sine substantivis, adijciuntur in genitivo, ut, Non vendo pluris quam alij, fortassis etiam minoris. Quanti emisti? Certe magno. Quanti mercatus es hunc porcum?   

Time.  
¶ Nouns that betoken part of time, be commonly used in the ablative case: But nouns that betoken hole time: be used commonly in the accusative case.  
Quae significant partem temporis, in ablativo frequentius usurpantur, ut, Nocte vigilas, luce dormis. Quae autem durationem temporis denotant, in accusativo frequentius efferuntur, ut, Tercentum totos regnabitur annos. Dicimus etiam in paucis diebus, de die, de nocte. Promitto in diem. Commodo in mensem. Annos ad quinquaginta natus. Per tres annos studui. Puer id aetatis. Non plus triduum, aut triduo. Tertio calendas, ad tertium calendas. Tertio calendarum.   

Space of place.  
¶ Space of place, is commonly put in the accusative case.  
Spatium loci, adijcitur in accusativo, ut, jam mill passus processeram. Pedem hinc ne discesseris. Dicimus tamen, longis passibus absunt. jugeribus novem, summus distabat ab imo. Abest bidui, intelligitur accusatiws.   

A place.  
¶ Nouns appellatives, or names of great placis, be put with a preposition, if they follow a verb, that signifieth in a place, to a place, from a place, or by a place.  
Nomina maiorum locorum, aut appellativa, adijciuntur cum praepositione, verbo significanti in loco, de loco, ad locum, ut, Venio per Galliam in Italiam. Vivo in Italia, pro ficiscitur ex Italia. Venio per alpes in urbem. Vivo in urbe. Proficiscor ex urbe.  
¶ In a place, or at a place, if the place be a proper name, of the first declension, or second, and the singular number, shall be put in the genitive case. Like wise these nouns, humi, domi, militiae, belli. But if the place be the third declension, other the plural number: it shall be put in the ablative case, without a preposition, other in the dative. We say ruri, or rure.  
Propria urbium nomina, primae vel secundae declinationis, et singularis numeri, in loco esse, significant, in genitivo casu, ut, Vixit Romae. Tarenti degit Archita, qui ligneam columbam volatilem fecit. Domi meae, tuae, suae, nostrae, vestrae, alienae.  
Procumbit humi bos. Militiae enutritus est. Belli vixit. Sin pluralis numeri, aut tertiae declinationis fuerint, in ablativo ponuntur, seu dativo, ut, Militavit Carthagine, aut Cartha gini. Athenis natus est. Tempori, luci, vesperi, adverbialiter ponuntur.  
¶ To a place, if the place be a proper name shall be put in the accusative case, without a preposition.  
Nomina propria significant ad locum, in accusativo, citra praepositionem, ut, Eo Romam. Confero me domum. Recipio me rus.  
¶ From a place, or by a place, if the place be a proper name, shallbe put in the ablative case, without a preposition.  
Nomina propria significant a loco, sive per locum, in ablativo, citra praepositionem, ut, Disressit Londino. Abiit Etona londino vel per Londinum, Cantabrigiam. Rure reversus est. At interdum usurpantur apud authores cum prepositionibus.   

Excess.  
¶ The Excess or passing, is put in the ablative case.  
Excessus in ablativo effertur, ut, Multo praeftat.  
¶ Sometime a preposition not expressed, causeth a word to be put into the ablative case.  
Praepositio subaudita, facit, ut ablatiuus recte addatur, ut, Habeo te loco parentis i in loco.   

Impersonals.  
¶ A verb impersonal hath no nominative case before him, and It, commonly is his sign. A verb impersonal of the passive voice, hath like case as other verbs passives have.  
Impersonale nominatiwm praecedentem non habet. Impersonale passivae vocis, regit casus aliorum passivorum, ut, Bene fit multis a principe.  
¶ Est, when he betokeneth possession, other to belong to any thing, will have a genitive case. Also he is put with these nominative casis, Meum, tuum, suum, nostrum, vestrum.  
Est significans possessionem, aut ad aliquid pertinere, adsciscit genitiuum, ut, Haec vestis est patris, Insipientis est dicere, Non putaran. Dicimus etiam, Meun est iniuriam non afferre, Tuum est juxta omnia pati. Omitto proloqui, nam nihil est ad hanc rem.  
¶ Interest and refert requireth what genitive case ye will, except, Mea, tua, sua, nostra, vestra.  
Interest et refert, quibusuis genitivis annectuntur, praeter Mea. etc. Interest omnium recte agere. Magni refert te ipsum nosse. Tua interest concionari. Mea refert auscultare.  
Nostra nihil refert. Hic inferuntur tanti, quanti, magni, pervi, ut, Vestra magni interest, et interest ad laudem meam.  
¶ Certain impersonals require a dative case, as libet, licet, patet, liquet, constat, placet, expedit, prodest, sufficit, vacat, accidit, convenit contingit, and other like.  
Quaedam dativo gaudent, quae quamque personalia sint: constructione tamen migrant in impersonalia, ut, Lubet mihi scire quid rerum agas. Non vacat mihi audire fabulam. Expedit tibi vapulare.  
¶ Some will have an accusative case only, as delectat, decet, juuat, oportet. Some beside the accusative, will have also a genitive, as poenitet, tedet, miseret, pudet, piget.  
Quibusdam additur solum accusatiws, ut, Delectat me studere. Decet te caste vivere.  
Nonnullis etiam laxatiuus apponitur, ut, Nostri nosmet paenitet. Me civitatis tedet. Pudet negligenriae, Miseret me tui. Adnumerant impersonalibus, debet, Caepit, incipit, aiunt, solent.   

Participium.  
¶ Sic eleganter utimur praeterito, Factum oportuit. 
The participle.  Praedictum oportuit. Non attactam oportuit. Te exoratum volo. Te rogatum habeam. Haec missa faciamus. inventum tibi curabo, et adductum Phamphilum. Quod parato opus est, para. Facto opus est. Facto usus est.   

The adverb.  
En et ecce demonstrantis, En quatuor arras. 
The adverb.  Ecce rem. En lupus in fabula. Ecce homo. En exprobrantis. En animum et men tem.  
¶ adverbs of quantity, time, and place, do require a genitive case.  
Aduerbia quantitatis, et temporis, ac loci, exigunt genitiuum, ut, Multum lucri, Abunde vini. Instar montis. ubique itineris. Vbi gentium. Eo stulticiae. Tunc temporis. Postridiae huius diei. Pridie calendarum vel calendas. Minime gentium. Illius ergo.  
¶ Certain adverbs will have a dative case, of the nouns that they come of.  
Quaedam datiuum admittunt nominum, unde deducta sunt, ut, Venit obuiam illi. Canit similiter huic.  
Propinquius tibi sedet quam mihi. Dicimus, Pro pius urbem, Proxime castra, Procul dubio, procul ab urbe.   

Coniunctio.  
Consimiles optant casus coniunctio, 
The conjunction.  querens.  
Consimilesque modos, si non regimen varietur.   

Prepositio.  
Tenus gaudet ablativo singulari, 
The preposition.  genitivo plurali, ut, Pube tenus. Aurium tenus. Circa locum et tempus significat, ut, Circa forum. Circiter ad tempus numerumque refertur, ut, circiter meridiem. Circiter duo milia desiderati sunt.   

Interiectio.  
Heu stirpem invisam, 
The interjection.  exprobrantis. Heu me miserum dolentis. Heu pietas. Heu prisca fides. O festus dies hominis. O fortunatos nimium bona si sua norant agricolas. Et est cuiusuis significationis, Vae imprecantis, et minantis, vae misero mihi, Hei mihi. Proch dolentis, indignantis, admirantis, Proch dolor, Proch sancte jupiter. Proch deum atque hominum fidem.    


A  Abit mihi spes, Abeo spe. 
I am without hope.  Accubo illi, illum. 
I sit by him.  Abstineo ira, ab ira, irae. Abstine manum. 
I refrain from anger. Refrain thy hand.  Adeo urbem, ad urbem, in urbem. 
I go to the city.  Admoneo te hanc rem, huius rei, de hac re. 
I warn the of this thing.  Adhaereo muro, in muro, ad murum. 
I cleave to the wall.  Ascribo te huic numero, in hunc numerum. 
I take the into this numbered.  Antecello, anteeo, antecedo, antesto illi, illum doctrina. 
I pass him in learning.  Anteverto te, tibi. 
I prevent or go before the.  Appello urbi, urbem, ad urbem. 
I do come to the City.  Appropinquo, urbi, urbem, ad urbem. 
I draw near to the City.  Assilio illi, illum, in illum, 
I leap on him.  Asto tibi i circa te, 
I stand by the.  Ausculto te i audio, 
I hearken to the.  Ausculto tibi i obedio, 
I do obey the.  Animaduerto lectionem. 
I give heed to my lesson.  Animaduerto in servum. 
I ponyshe my servant.   

C  Caveo tibi, idest prospicio 
I provide for the.  Caveo te i fugio, 
I shun the.  Caveo a te, de te i ne mihi noceas. 
I fear lest thou hurt me.  Cedo tibi i locum do, 
I give the place.  Cedo imbri i discedo a plwia. 
I go out of the rain.  Cedo a te i recedo, 
I go from the.  Cedo iure, bonis i discedo a iure, a bonis, 
I go fro my right, I go from my goodis.  Haec mihi cedunt i in ius veniunt. 
These be mine by right.  Cedit in lucrum meum. 
It is for mine advantage.  Cedit mihi in victoria i vinco. 
I conquer, or overcome.  Cedere terga i fugere, 
To run away.  Cedo te. i percutio, occido. 
I strike or kill the.  Celo te hanc rem, de hac re. 
I keep the privy from this thing.  Commendo te regi i committo. 
I put the to the king.  Commendo te apud regem i laudo. 
I praise the to the king.  Conducit huic rei, ad, in, hanc rem. 
It is good for this thing.  Conduco domum, 
I hire a house.  Conuenit mihi tecum. 
Thou and I do agree.  Saevis inter se convenit ursis 
The fires bears do agree together.  Non in omnes omnia conveniunt. 
All things be not meet, for all men.  Conuenio te, idest adeo, ut alloquar. 
I come to the to speak with the.  Conueniunt, idest coeunt. 
They come together.  Contingit mihi esse pauperi. 
It channceth that I am poor.  In magnis negocijs hoc plerumque contingit. 
In great matters this oftentimes chanceth.  Hoc contingit omnes i pertinet vel tangit. 
This thing pertaineth to all men.   

D  Decedo via. Decessit morbo i mortuus est. 
I go out of the way. He is deed.  Decedo urbe, ex urbe, ab urbe. 
I depart from the City.  Deficio a te, ad hunc. 
I forsake the and go to him.  Deficit mihi i de est, hoc me deficit i destituit. 
I want. This thing doth dispoint me.  Defungor vita i morior, 
I die.  Detraho tibi, et de te i incommodo. 
I hurt the.  Detraho tibi honorem, idest, aufero. 
I take away honour from the.  Discrutior animum, animi, animo. 
I am grieved in my mind.  Disco de te, ex te, per te, 
I learn of the.  Dolent mihi dentes, 
My teeth doth ache.  Doleo pedem, pede. 
I am diseased in my foot.  Doleo vicem tuam. 
I am sorry for thy chance.  Doleo adversis rebus tuis. 
I am sorry for thine adversity i propter  Doleo ab animo, ab oculis, a latere. etc. 
I am diseased in my mind, in my eyes, in my side.   

E  Egredior domum, domo, extra domum. 
I go out of the house.  Emulor tibi i invideo, 
I hate the.  Emulor te, idest, imitor. 
I follow or counterfeit the.  Eripio tibi, a te, 
I pluck from the.  Eripio te malis, a malis i libero. 
I deliver the from ill.  Euado hostem, ex host, 
I scape my enemy,  Euado gradus, ad gradus i ascendo. 
I go up the stairs.  Excedo Italia, ex Italia, sic expello. 
I go out of italy.  Excidit memoria, é memoria. 
It is out of my mind.  Haec res excidit mihi. 
This thing is out of my memory.  Excello socijs i excellentior sum. 
I pass my fellows.  Expedit tibi vapulare i utile est. 
It is profit for the to be beaten.  Expedio te vinculis i libero. 
I deliver the from bonds.  Expedi paucis i loquere. 
Show it in few words.   

F  Fatur mihi ad me, 
He speaketh to me.  Foenero foeneror tibi i ad usuram do. 
I give it for a vantage.  Foenero foeneror abs te i ad usuram accipio. 
I take it of the for advantage.  Fido huic rei, et hac re, ut Confido. 
I trust in this thing.  Figo hastam terrae, vel in terra. 
I fasten my spear in the ground.  Fore cum nullo participio ponitur. 
¶ This verb fore is put with no participle.  Fugio illum, ab illo. 
I flee from him.  Fungor vita i vivo, 
I live.  Fungor magistratu i gero 
I bear an office.   

G  Gaudeo hac re, de hac re i propter hanc rem. 
I am glad of this thing.  Glorior meis, de meis, in meis rebus. 
I rejoice in my goods.  Gratulor tibi hanc rem, hac re, de hac re. 
I am glad in thy behalf for this thing.   

H  Habito plataeam, plataea, in plataea. 
I dwell in the street.   

I  Illudo homini, hominem. 
I mock the man.  In mitto ori, in os. 
I put it in thy mouth.  Imminet illi, in illum. 
It hangeth over him.  Incessit me, mihi, in me. 
He cometh upon me.  Incesso te i lacesso. 
I provoke the.  Incumbo bello, ad bellum, in bellum. 
I apply battle.  Incubo huic rei i innitor. 
I do cleave to this thing.  Incubo hanc rem i occupo, amplector. 
I embrace this thing.  Induco animum rei, et rem in animum. 
I persuade myself this thing, or think this thing in my mind.  Infit illis, ad illos, 
He saith unto them.  Inhio huic rei, hanc rem i desidero. 
I covet this thing.  Inhaereo huic rei, in hac re. 
I do cleave to this thing.  Insto operi i diligenter insisto. 
I stick to labour.  Insto opus i facio, 
I do my work.  Instat mors i appropinquat. 
death doth approach or draw near.  Instas rectam viam i recte procedis. 
Thou goyst the right way.  Si pergas instare i urgere. 
If thou do continue to move me.  Insideo, Insido illi i sto super illum. 
I stand upon him.  Insidet animo i placet. 
It pleaseth my mind.  Insideo in hac re i firmiter inhaereo. 
I stick hard in this thing.  Insideo locum vel loco i obsideo. 
I besiege the place.  Insido i ad intus habitandum vado. 
I go in to dwell.  Vitia pectoribus ne insidant. 
Let not vice settle in the heart.  Insilio navi, in navem. 
I leap in to the ship.  Intercedit mihi tecum familiaritas. 
There is great famylyaritie betwixt the and me.  Intersum lectioni, in lectione, in lectionem. 
I am present at the lesson.  Amnis interest i in medio est. 
A river is betwixt.  Inter doctum et indoctum multum interest. 
There is moche difference betwixt a learned man and unlearned.  Sapiens a stulto interest. 
A wise man doth differ from a fool  Homo homini interest. 
One man differeth from an other.  Hinc ad forum intersunt viginti passus i distant. 
It is twenty steps from hence to the market.  Interdico tibi aqua et aquam. 
I forbid thee, water.  Inuado hosti, hostem, in hostem. 
I come upon my enemy.  Inuideo tibi gloriam. 
I envy thy renown.   

L  Laboro de his i sollicitus sum. 
I am careful for these things.  Laboro ex hoc, e dolore i aeger sum. 
I am sick with this gryffe.  Non licet asse mihi, qui me non asse licetur. 
I set not a farthing by him, that set not a farthing by me.  Ludo aleam, alea, 
I play at dice.   

M  Manet te, et tibi supplicium. 
Thou shalt be punished.  Maneo promissis. 
I stand by my promises.  Medeor tibi, rarius te, 
I heal the.  Medicor te, rarius tibi, 
I heal the.  Misceo me turbae, cum turba, in turba 
I come among the company.  Moderor tibi i modum impono. 
I measure the.  Moderor te i rego, 
I rule the.  Mutuo mutuor hoc tibi. 
I lend the this thing.  Mutuo mutuor a te, 
I borrow this of the.   

N  Nascor orior de foemina, ex foemina, foemina. 
I am borne of a woman.  Nitor hastae, hasta, in hastam. 
I lean upon my spear.  Nitor ad hanc rem i aspiro. 
I do endeavour to have this thing.  Nubo illi cum illo, 
I marry him.   

O  Obeo villas i circumeo. 
I go about the villages.  Obeo munus i facio, 
I do mine office.  Obeo mortem, morte, morior, 
I die.  Obeo i morior, 
I die.  Obiurgo te, tibi, 
I chide the.  Occumbo neci, in necem, morte, 
I die.  Obliviscor te, tui, 
I do forget the.  Obtrecto legi, legem. 
I speak ill by the law.   

P  Parco tibi, parco lachrimis i abstineo. 
I favour thee, I abstain fro teers.  Pascunt boves herbam, herba pascit boves. 
The oxen doth graze.  Pascuntur boves herba, pascuntur boves herban. 
Oxen go to pasture.  Pepigi tibi i promisi, 
I promised the.  Pepigi tecum i pactus sum. 
I made a bargeyne with the.  Perteius thalamum, thalami. 
I am weary of wedlock.  Pluit lapides, lapidibus. 
It doth rain stones.  Praecurro tibi ingenio. 
I pass the in wit  Praecurro te, 
I run before the.  Praecello tibi i antecello, 
I pass the.  Praecedo te scientia i vinco. 
I pass the in learning.  Praeeo tibi, et te, 
I go before the.  Preniteo tibi fide. praesta te virum. praestat mihi multa. 
I am feithefuller than thou. Show thyself a man. he giveth me many things.  Praestat ingenio, alius alium. 
One pesseth an other in wit.  Praestolor te i expecto, 
I look for the.  Propinquo urbi, ad urbem. 
I approach near to the City.  Prospicio tibi i provideo. 
I provide for the.  Prospicio te i procul video. 
I see the far of.   

Q  Queror te, tecum, tibi. 
I make a complaint to the.  Quoad eius fieri potest. 
As much as can be done.   

R  Recedo tibi a te, 
I go from the.  Respondeo questioni, ad questionem. 
I answer to the question.  Recipio me ad, in urbem. 
I go to the City.  Recipio me facturum i promitto. 
I promise to do it.  Refero tibi hanc rem i narro. 
I show the this thing.  Referam de his ad regem, id est regem de his consulam. 
I will ask the king counsel of these things.  Refero te in hunc numerum i ascribo. 
I take the into this number.  Refero in melius i muto. 
I change it for better.  Refero tibi acceptum i fateor me accepisse a te. 
I grant that I took it of the.  Refero tibi impensun i impensis rationem reddo. 
I make the a coune of expensis.  Refero Ciceronem eloquentia i imitor. 
I follow the eloquence of Cicero.   

S  Studeo medicinae, in medicina, in medicinam. i operam do. 
I study physic.  unum omnes studetis i cupitis vel affectatis. 
All you do desire one thing.  Subeo tecto, tectum, ad tectum. 
I go in to the house.  Subrepo illi, illum, in illum. 
I creep upon him.  Stare promissis, non per me stat. 
To perform the promise it is not in me.  Soluo te i libero, 
I deliver the.  Soluo tibi i pendo, 
I pay the.  Sufficit his ad haec. Sufficit mihi vires i subministrat. 
It is sufficient for these things, he giveth strength to me.  Sufficit magistratum i substituit. 
He maketh the officer.   

T  Tempero te, tibi i cohibeo. 
I keep the under.  Tempero stilum i ordine administro. 
I set in order my style or writing.  Tempero a lachrimando i abstineo. 
I refrain from weeping.  Traduxit copias pontem. 
He led his host over the bridge.  Tollebat patrem i auferebat, nutriebat. 
He killed his father. He nurrysshed up his father.   de mundo sustulit i abstulit. 
He took the son out of the world.  Sustulit filium ex illa i accepit. 
He begat a child of her.   

U  Vaco Virtuti. 
I apply virtue.  Vaco ad virtutem i operam do. 
I apply virtue.  Vaco in virtutem. 
I apply virtue.  Non vacat mihi audire i non est ocium. 
I have no leisure to here thy tale.  Vacat justicia i vacuus est. 
He is without justice.  Vaco a labore, a culpa. 
I am without labour, without fault.   
FINIS.   

LONDINI IN AEDIBUS THOMAE BERTHELETI REGII IMPRESSORIS.  CUM PRIVILEGIO.