THE GOVERNMENT OF JRELAND UNDER THE HONOURABLE, JUST, AND wise Governor Sir JOHN PERROT Knight, one of the Privy Council to Queen ELIZABETH, beginning 1584. and ending 1588.  
Being THE FIRST BOOK OF THE CONTINUATION OF THE History of that Kingdom, formerly set forth to the year 158●, and now continued to this present 1626.  
Whereof The rest succeeding this already collected, but not fully perfected, shall shortly follow.  
Historia vera, vera vita temporis.  
LONDON: Printed for THOMAS WALKLEY, and are to be sold in Britain's Burse, at the Sign of the Eagle and Child.  
1626.   

TO MY MOST REspected and worthy Cousin BEVELL GRENVILE Esquire.  
AT your instant entreaty, I spent many hours in a Commentary upon Londognos disscourse, which was no sooner ended, but lost through a misfortune, which fell upon my Papers, by the last Years Infection, lighting in my Lodging. And not being able yet to recover another of the same Books, I cannot begin again, till my defect be supplied. In the mean (such being your desire) I adventured on the Story of our Irish Wars, But as I was in my travail, I discovered the best part of my journey already perfected by a better undertaker. I therefore here stop, and present you with thus much. If this little like you, I will proceed again another way, as the time shall permit me. Wherein you shall view no further than my own Eyes have seen. So shall I not turn back till I have finished. All being but to please you, dispose as you may in any thing,  
Your Kinsman, 
 and true Friend, 
 E. C. S.   

To the Reader.  
THis Noble Gentleman, liking the plain writing of a Soldier, (in whose profession an Honourable mind hath made him add experience to his affection) better than the eloquence and elaborate work of a professed Scholar, (affecting Caesar's matter not his words) especially, amongst our late writers delighting in two plain discourses of the famous Knight Sir Robert Williams; And finding just fault that our English are to idle in memorizing their own exploit. Entreated, nay, commanded me (for such is his power) since he could draw no better pencil to so good a picture, to put myself in print, (though to the censure of every busy body) wherein, in observance to his will, I spent some time in discoursing upon the Spanish form of Discipline, by such exploits of our Nation against the Spaniard, as I myself had seen performed. But, by misfortune, already mentioned in the Epistle, my labour miscarried. And not having means to begin again at this time, as willingly I would for his satisfaction, I was by him enduced to treat of another Subject, being yet matter of the same profession, and some part acted within the compass of mine own experience; wherein, because the fountain might better sh●w the stream, I could not choose but ascend to a time foregoing mine, as well to begin where the former Historian of that Country's Government left; as because, that from that time, the later and succeeding troubles had their likely beginning; purposing to have proceeded thence, to the end of the last Wars of Ireland: In most part of which, I had spent many of my endeavours, thither removed from the Netherlands, where from a child, I had received breeding, then living in those Wars, when this worthy Governor Sir john Perrot ruled in Ireland, where, if such had beeve God's pleasure, we may guess, it had been happy that he had governed much longer, as well for the good of that Kingdom: as for the honour and contentment of our late most famous and ever renowned Queen, to whom the ensuing troubles (through the faulty Government of his Successors, brought dishonour and grief. First, by the loss of many worthy men (the flower of our Nation) with an infinite number of guiltless souls torn out of this world by misery and slaughter in those Wars, the expense of a wondrous mass of Treasure, with other provision, enough to have shaken the Walls of the greatest Monarchy in Europe, if all these had been so employed, which was not unlikely, if Sir john Perrot had been returned into Ireland, as upon the beginning of the Wars the Queen determined. Then by being so long resisted by such base Rebels concluding her Reign, (that had flourished with so many famous Acts against the capital Enemy of her, and her neighbours, by which they at this day, redeemed out of misery, flourish again in greatness) with a strong War against so petty Traitors: Whereon, since time will discover the passage itself, I shall need to insist no longer: This purpose of the Queens to return Sir john Perrot, was prevented by the two sins of Covetousness and Malice, reigning in the then Governor there, and a person here transcendent both in power and authority: the one, to maintain his profit (whereunto some powerful friend of his had too much relation:) the other not brooking Sir john Perrots high, and (indeed) too choleric spirit and condition, being fearful of his advancement, joined with the other. So grounding a combination, builded up by the help of two other instruments of that State, the one in his own Nature evil, the other contentious for his particular ends. Thus an Enemy Armed, it was no difficult thing, that a condemned Traitor should be encouraged in hope of pardon, and some other mercenary persons to accuse an Innocent.  
To this forged accusation, That great and just Prince (incensed to displeasure by such an one as was near in favour, who pretended her safety, as the colour of his intended malice, and that displeasure exasperated by some part of the accusation, which to her was personal) was urged to give way, even against her heart to his prosecution, as appeared by her answer to the news of his condemnation: for she casting into the balance of her just judgement his former weighty Services, and zealous endeavours, and weighing them with those base persons his Accusers, and their light proofs produced against him, said thus in the hearing of men of good account, and some near to me in blood and acquaintance. Is he found guilty? Then, in my conscience, they have found an Innocent guilty.  
And had she restored his Estate to his issue, as she respited his. Execution, being hardly drawn to give way to his sentence. The fault had wholly laid upon the false accusations, and sentence, thereupon procured, by the power of his Prosecutors, and Perjury of his Accusers: But so long a Reign as hers, hath seldom escaped being spotted with greater blots, than this omission, which, if God had spared her a little longer life, she had (as I have been credibly told) repaired by a Real restitution of his Estate, to such as he had disposed it in his life time.  
Thus much I am moved the more to mention by writing his Government, which gave me occasion to look further than others have done into the course and cause of his condemnation.  
As I was proceeding in my intended discourse, I gained notice, that this Story succeeding Sir john Perrots time, was already under the pen of a more able hand, one that had taken much pains in that Subject, (only having omittted Sir john Perrots time for some particular reasons) which must needs blemish my work, because not so substantial. I abruptly therefore broke off, with such an excuse as to him belonged, who was the motive of my undertaking. And if this, thus much, come in Print, I pray you know it, to be his will only. But if this weak labour be not misliked, I will proceed further, as time shall spare me leisure.   

To the Queen's most Excellent Majesty.  
Sir john Perrots Opinion for the suppressing of Rebellion, and the well Governing of Ireland, written by him upon the Queen's commandment, in the time of the Earl of Desmonds' and the Lord of Baltinglasses Rebellion. 1582.  
I Have found the charge that your Majesty committed unto me for the setting down of mine opinion, how your Realm of Ireland might with the least charge be reclaimed from Barbarism to a godly Government, somewhat difficult, by reason of mine own insufficiency, many ways for so weighty a cause. Nevertheless, entering into consideration, first of your Majesty's most godly and Princely care in this behalf, and next of my most bounden duty to your Majesty; I have been emboldened to set down what I observed, were the causes of the disorders of the Land, whilst I had some piece of Government in it, and what I then thought, and now do think, may be some means to reform the same, most humbly referring both myself, and this my simple discourse to your Majesties, and Counsels graver & deeper consideration, and as humbly craving pardon, if in seeking to discharge my duty truly and plainly, I touch any thing that may seem offensive.  
It is most apparent, that the regard your Majesty hath had to God, and his will in all your Princely proceed, hath so wonderfully blessed your Estate, that as we your faithful Subjects, do love and honour you, so all foreign Nations do admire and reverence you for it: A cause for us to thank God most heartily, and a pattern for all Princes to imitate most diligently. We therefore to you, and you to God, are to give all the honour and glory.  
It is also apparent, what continual care you have had of that your Realm of Ireland. The great and almost insupportable charges that you have sustained to do it good, doth well witness the same. For so great a mass of Treasure have you already employed to that end, that no Prince in the world, (except your Majesty, who hath been moved with conscience of your people, and fear of God only) would in reason or good policy, give so much for the purchase of such an other Land, to be enjoyed in peaceable possession. And yet, notwithstanding all that, your Majesty's care and cost that way, hath not hitherto yielded that fruit that your Majesty doth desire. For the State of that Country hath grown daily from worse to worse, and from dangerous t● most dangerous.  
Many men do allege causes hereof: But next to the want of the true knowledge of God, and of the due course of justice, to give every man a peaceable propriety of that which is his own; I take (under correction) that the smoothing up of all former Rebellions, by Pardons and Protections, hath been the misery and cause of most of this mischief. For if it were not too bitter a rehearsal, it were no hard matter to make it appear, how one Rebellion during your Majesty's Reign, hath hatched another; and how again of all them, this last more dangerous than they all, hath taken this strong rooting with foreign combination.  
Leaving this third cause a while, I crave pardon to say a little of the two former principal causes, want of Religion, and Law. It is a lamentable thing to behold, how generally in that Realm, they are so fare, of not only, from true, but also (in effect) from any knowledge at all of God; tha● Saint Patrick is more familiar, and of better credit with them, than Christ jesus our Saviour. How can a people so estranged from God, and their duty to him, have any grace to know their lawful Prince, and their duty to her? The like is to be said of the Laws, from which they fly, as from the yoke of bondage, and not desire to be tied by it, as by the link of humane Society, as they ought to be; The reformation must therefore begin at God. His will and word must be duly planted, and Idolatry extirped. Next, Law must be established, and licentious customs abrogated.  
The means to effect both, is now most fitly offered by the Rebellion now a eight: So as a man that should give his opinion for the reformation of Ire●and, might conclude all circumstances with this one short resolution: Correct this Rebellion throughly, and reform Ireland presently. I must therefore crave pardon to say a little more concerning this Rebellion, before I meddle with other particularities of reformation. There be three strong reasons to move your Majesty to correct this Rebellion with all earnest severity, not allowing pardon or protection to be given to any man, but upon special and urgent great causes. The first reason is, The charge that God hath committed to your Majesty over that people, to see the good maintained, or at the least, defended, and the bad suppressed, or at the least repressed. Then the account that God will require for the innocent blood, that hath been there cruelly spilt by Traitors, and for the miserable oppression of the better sort of your Majesty's Subjects, who have been there burned, ravished, rob, and spoilt: the cry whereof is now shrill in God's ear, for vengeance against these cruel Rebels, and disordered dealers.  
The second reason, is a present urging necessity, which may not be neglected, but with dangerous error in policy of Government. For remit this Rebellion, and yield wholly and for ever the Lamb to the Wolf, and the Subject to the Traitor, who will so keep him under, that he shall neither will nor dare ever hereafter to oppose himself on your Majesty's behalf or Service.  
The third reason is commodity: For (besides that all rules and orders for reformation, may thereupon be the more readily and less chargeably put in execution) there will excheate to your Majesty by due course of justice the better half of that Land, whereof what great ●…ue may in short time accrue to your Majesty, over and above, what may be employed to reward and strengthen those that are dutifully disposed, shall in part appear in place, where the commodities of Ireland shall purposely be spoken of.  
Thus it appeareth, that the severe correction of this Rebellion, is the first and soundest step of reformation, and that the same is grounded upon duty to God, necessity, policy, and commodity; all which points would yield a larger discourse, if that it were either my purpose, or needful to your Majesty, who knoweth and understandeth all.  
Lest some might draw this mine opinion of a severe correction, into the reckoning of a more cruel sentence than I mean: I protest it is fare from me to desire any extirpation; but rather that all might be saved, that were good for the Country to be saved. Yet this I say, Till your Majesty's Sword hath meekened all, I think it neither Honour nor safety to grant mercy to any. But when the Sword hath made a way, then, as to pardon all, would be too remiss a pity: So, not to pardon many, would be an extremity nothing agreeable to your Majesty's most godly and merciful inclination. Otherwise there would be such a vacuity of ground there, (as it is already too great) that your Realm of England, though it be most populous, through your Majesty's most godly Government, (God be thanked, and long continue it) were not able to spare people, to replenish the wastes.  
It resteth now to speak of the particular means, as well to repress this Rebellion, as thereupon to reform the Realm. First, very good choice being made (as there is already) of your Deputy, it is most requisite (for the time of his continuance in that Service, which in my opinion had need be seven years for so great a work) that all his actions there be throughly backed by your Majesty, and none of them crossed, to work him your Maisties' disgrace (which the Irish will soon espy) either by suggestions thence, or practices here, during his continuance in charge there; but upon his discharge to answer all with his life and living: your Majesty's Deputy being thus fortified with credit, he must also be throughly maintained with sufficiency of men, money, munition, and victuals: but before I speak of them, I think it necessary to remember, that for the principal points of the government of that Land, it shall be requisite that certain rules be prescribed to every Deputy by your Majesty, and Counsel here. And yet he not to be so tied to any of them, but that upon urgent causes he may break or alter them.  
To return to provision. And first for men. All wards being furnished, I take 800 English horsemen: 3000 English footmen, and 1000 Galloglaghes, Kerne, and Irish shot will suffice for this purpose: But because it shall be necessary to ease your Majesty's good subjects of the Cease for the soldiers, wherewith they have been hitherto burdened, I think it requisite that in levy of that Cease, the pay be according to the rates ensuing, as your Majesty alloweth in all your other services. And the rather in respect as well of the painful dangers that these Soldiers must abide, as also that they may live without ravine and spoil.  

The pay.  
Every band of 100 Horsemen to have a Captain at 6 s. 8 d. a Lieutenant at 3 s. 4 d. a Guidon at 2 s. a Trumpet at 18 d. a Surgeon at 18. d and every 
15120 lib.  horseman (besides 10 dead pays) at 12 d. which being all sterling, and every band by the day to 105 s. by the month of thirty days, to 157 lib. 10 s. by the year of 12 months and fine odd days to 1890. lib. In all by the year.  
Every band of 100 feet▪ men to have a Captain at 4 s. a Lieutenant at 2 s. an Ensign at 12 d. a Sergeant 
45625. lib.  at 12 d. a Drum at 12 d. a Surgeon at 12 d. and every Soldier (besides 10 dead pays) at 8 d. which being all sterling ancient; every band by the day to 4 lib. 3 s. 4 d. by the month of 30 days, to 125 li. by the year of 12 months and 5 odd days, to 1120 lib. 16 s. 8 d. In all by the year.  
Every band of 100 Kerns, Galloglaghes, and Irish shot, to have a Captain at 2 s. a Lieutenant at 12 d. a Guidon at 8 d. a Piper at 8 d. and every Kern 
6874 lib. 38. 4 d.  at 4 d. without dead pays, which being all sterling, amounteth every band by the day to 36 s. 8 d. by the month of 30 days, to 56 lib. 10 s. by the year of 12 months and 5 odd days, to 687 lib. 8 s. 4 d. In all by the year.  
Totalis of your Majesty's pay. 67619 lib. 3 s. 4 d.  

Where-unto.  
Add for the Deputies and other officers entertainment, furnishing of wards, and other extraordinary 
37380. lib. 16 s. 8 d.  charges, and also towards buildings in places convenient, whereof the charge is very uncertain.   

And so.  
Your Majesty's whole charge in certainty for this service, (excepting the uncertainty of the charges 
100000 lib.  of buildings) will amount unto.    
Here (by the way) I think it expedient, for avoiding of confusion of new and old reckonings together, that old former pays and debts remaining in arrearages unto the taking of this service in hand be cleared, and discharged. And then for this new reckoning thus made, it behoveth to show how or whence the money may be levied. In mine opinion, (the things before rehearsed advisedly considered) it were money well bestowed for so good a purpose, though the whole came directly out of your Highness' Treasure; And yet it is to be remembered, that besides your Majesty's contitinuall yearly charge which is not small, you have in some one year (as I am given to understand) spent as much as this upon that country service. But considering the great charges that your Majesty hath and must sustain otherways for the safety of your people and Countries, you may in reason and honour admit an extraordinary remedy, though at the first sight, it carry some show of an inconvenience. I suppose therefore (under correction) that it shall be good, that your Majesty after the example of France, Spain and Flanders, where most of the small money consisteth of base coins, do also cause to be coined yearly during the first four years, 100000 li. in pieces of 8 d. 4 d. 2 d. and 1 d. the same to contain, but a fourth part of fine silver, letting all coins that are currant there of good gold and silver to run as now they do: so your Majesty's charge, besides all charges of coinage, will amount to no more but 25000 lib. yearly which in four years would come to 100000 lib. which by that time your Majesty with God's favour should see would bring you a fair reckoning of that country and government.  
The place fit for coinage, whether at the Tower of London, or any other port town of England that hath more commodity for fuel, or else rather in Ireland. I refer to your Majesties, and Counsels considerations. If in Ireland, I think it very necessary to call in all the base money that is there now currant, paying ready sterling money for the same, at the rates it now goeth. The mass of that base money would presently set the mint a work: and being new melted, would with some supply serve this turn. This being thought good: then surely the Town of Rosse in the County of Wexford will be a most apt place for the mint, by reason of the great abundance of wood which groweth along the River that cometh close by that town, the felling whereof will be serviceable; not only for this work, but also for the quietness of the country there about.  
Some scruple may be made here by the late experience of this Realm, what inconveniences may grow by embasing the coin. It cannot be denied, but it was somewhat inconvenient for this Realm, living under civil and orderly government: yet the necessity of the weighty service then being supplied by it, we see all the inconveniences well overcome through your Majesty's peaceable government, (God be thanked for it.) But the example of this Realm, or of any other commonwealth already reform doth not hold in this case: For, as embasing of coin and such like dangerous innovocations may breed harm in well governed States: So in Ireland being all out of order it can do no harm at all, but rather it is to be hoped, that the admission of this one small inconvenience, may be a mean to redress, not only a number of other greater inconveniences, but also itself too withal in the end.  
Let it be confessed, that the prices of things will by that means within a year or two, upon discovery of the baseness, rise to double, and that both Soldier and Country man shall for the time lose accordingly.  
If the reformation do immediately recompense the loss triple, then may I ask, what harm hath either Soldier or Country man received? That it will so, may appear thus. Scarce the fourth foot of Ireland is at this hour manured; and of that scarce the fourth penny profit made, that the soil would yield, if through a reformation the Husbandman might have a safe and peaceable use both of it and of his Cattles. And yet I say nothing of Ours, and a number of other hidden Commodities that a civil reformed Government would bring with it. Now it may please your Majesty, that I may reckon, and reason thus: First, coining in four years 400000 pound, your Majesty's turn is served for 100000 pound. Then calling it down at six year's end, to the just value it is worth, whereby it will be for ever after a very necessary Coin to be currant, for the relief of your poor Subjects, not only of Ireland, but also of England, the Country shall lose 300000 pound. That this shall be triple recompensed, by the reformation I suppose will thus be proved. Allow (for example) that the whole profit of Ireland is not yearly above 100000 pound. Add to this a triple profit in quantity of ground to be manured, and another treble in quality of manuring, for two years betwixt the end of the Coinage and the fall, allowing the first four years to be fruitlessly spent in reforming (though there be hope that that time will be shortened) I think the reckoning of a triple recompense, falleth out apparently. In these matters of State, there can be nothing set down so plain, that will not admit a contradiction. And therefore (perhaps) it may be said▪ This is a good and easy speculation. But I trust (God giving good increase) it will prove as good and as easy an action. To God therefore, and to your Majesty's gracious consideration, I thus leave it.  
Victuals and Munition are now to be provided for. And sure there must be special regard had of both. Experience of the misery, and defect in Sernice, I found that way maketh me to give this special caution, leaving all particular direction thereof, to those that have better skill therein then I have. Nevertheless, the chief Victualer being chosen a man of good substance, skill, and conscience, he had need (in mine opinion) be imprested 10000 pound currant money of England upon good sureties, not only to answer the Stock, but also to have Grainers of Corn in places apt for the Service.  
These things thus provided; In mine opinion, the standing seat for the Deputy and the Law, would be translated from Dublin, (which is apt for nothing else, but to send and receive readily from England) to Atblon, which is (as it were) the Centre of Ireland, and situate both in a good soil, apt for all things necessary, and on the Shennon, which is the best River of the Realm, and would with a small charge be made portable twenty miles above Athlon at least. By that means, as the Deputy may upon every occasion (be it never so sudden) be within twelve hours in the farthest Province from him: So in short time the repair hither from all quarters of the Realm, would breed a thoroughfare, even through Deserts and Woods, that are now lurking holes for Rebels, and Nurseries for Rebellion.  
The Deputy thus furnished and seated, he had need for his better assistance, to have two Precedents with competent Officers to those States, and those such men for Religion, conscience, courage, diligence, and ability both of bodies and purses, as respecting their duties to God and your Majesty, the good of their Country and their own credits, may attend their charges constantly against all toilsome dangers, & corrupt gain, showing themselves in all their actions reformers & not deformers.  
Their standing seats will be most apt, the one for Monster at Killmallock, the other for Ulster at Liffuer. So (as occasion shall require) may they best answer the Deputy, and the Deputy then being, as it were, in the midst betwixt them, of equal distance from them both.  
Then there is needful to be two Marshals, who being aptly chosen for the purpose, should at the direction of the Deputy and Precedents go to one exploit, while they be either at some other, or else otherwise necessarily ministering justice. Thus the Deputy answering, and they assisting one another, both the labour will be the easier, and the Enemy the more doubtful, being set to five several ways. As before of the Deputy, so here of these Officers, I think it requisite that their Service have some limitation of time, and that the Precedents five years, unless sickness, or other necessity occasion the contrary. And for the Marshals, it were not amiss they were made Patentees to continue during life, unless through misbehaviour they should deserve to be displaced, or through good desert to be better advanced.  
In choice of the Lord Chancellor and all other Officers, there would be like regard had, that through neediness they be not carried from justice, which next under God must be the chiefest reformer. The like is to be said of the Clerk of the Check, that he be a careful man to see the bands full.  
Also the Captains, their Officers and Soldiers, that they make neither a Harvest of the Service, nor a spoil of the Subjects, but rather (together with seeking to suppress the Rebellion without malice to any man's person) to sow the seed of good example, whereby both themselves, and those that their Service shall be mean to reform, may reap of God and your Majesty an honest & godly Harvest, to the just reward of their Services both for bodies and souls. There are diversities of opinions, what service were fit to be first attempted, and where.  
Some in Ulster against the Scots: Some in Connaught against the Burks: Some in Monster against Desmond: and some in Leynster against Baltinglass, and each have their reason: It were not good to neglect any of them, but presently at least to front every of them: The choice therefore where to begin, would be left at large at the Deputies discretion, to do therein as he seethe cause. Nevertheless, above all the rest, that in Leynster, which aptly may be called an intestine mischief, would be (in mine opinion) first dealt withal as well for the indignity of the matter, as also for the suppression of the Birneses, Tooleses, and Cavenaghes, which (as now to Baltinglass) have, and ever will be ready Rebellion to the Omoores, Oconers, and all others: For until they be either extirped, or throughly brought under by fortifications upon their fastnesses, Dublin, Kildare, Westmeth, the Kings & Queen's Counties cannot be clear either of theirs, the Omoores and Oconors incursions & spoils, or of doubt of the Magoghigans, Omoloyes, & other stirring Irish borderers. But they being suppressed, the Omoores & Oconors lose all their chief strength and refuge, and the residue with either the Sword or the Law, will be easily enough kept under: So as then the Pale may without fear or danger, attend your Majesty's other Service with their best aid: That being happily (as it willw, i'th' God's favour, be soon at chieved) then is your Deputy to proceed against the rest, and still as he goeth to make great paces throughout all their Woods and fatnesses, and small fortifications upon every their straight and strength, after the example of your Majesty's most Noble Progenitors in subduing of Wales. And whilst this is in doing your Majesty, had need to have not only part of your Navy to lie on the Coast, to answer foreign attempts if there be cause, and to keep the Rebels from starting over Sea. But also small Vessels to lie upon the Scots to impeach their Invasions. The Rebellion being repressed, and your Majesty having showed mercy to those that you shall see cause to bestow it well upon, then must the fruits of peaceable Government be made to appear; To that end, it shall be requisite to call a Parliament, and by Authority thereof, not only to revive all former old Statutes, that shall be consonant to a reformed Government; but also to Enact new for the establishing of the Articles ensuing, and such other, as upon advice shall be thought meet.  
1. First, for as much as the only way for true obedience to the Prince, groweth by true knowledge of God, it shall be requisite that two Universities, where the same may be truly taught, be erected with as convenient speed as may be. The fittest places for them will be at Lymbrick for the south part, and Arnagh for the North: The means to do it, may be partly by some of the Lands that shall excheat to your Majesty by this Rebellion, and partly by imposition of works, labours, carriages, and money, as Fines upon those that shall be thought fit to be pardoned.  
2 Item, to the end it may appear, that the reformation tendeth to a lawful Government, it shall be meet that a Collection be made of the Laws already in force, and a public denunciation made by Proclamation, for the putting of them in present Execution, especially the Laws of King Kogish.  
3 Item, the Earl of Ormond is to be compounded withal for his liberties of Tibredary: so as your Majesty's Laws only ruling there, my Lord, nevertheless, to have the Excheats, as by the ordinance of Wales the Lords Marchers have there: As for the Earl of Desmond his liberties of County Pallantine in Kerry, there needeth no composition with him, he being in Rebellion.  
4 Item, that all Ireland be reduced into Manors; so as having Courts, Barons, Leetes, and lawday kept orderly upon them, the people may have justice for mean actions near home.  
5 Item, that all Cease, cuttings, and Irish exactions, as Bonnaght Coin, and Livery, Fowey, Soren Black rents, and such like be clean abolished: And that in lieu thereof a certain Annual rent be rated upon every Blow Land, to the use of the Lord by composition, tripartity indented to be made betwixt your Majesty, the Lord, and his Freeholder by the Lord Deputy, Lord Presidents, or other Commissioners by them authorized, reserving beside for your Majesty, according to the Statutes made for that purpose, 13 shillings four pence upon every Blow▪ land, with proviso, that if the Lord do break the composition, or take again any of the said exactions, than he to forfeit the inheritance of those Lands. And that by that tripartity Indenture, both the Lord and the Freeholder be bound to let his demeanes, or any other Land that he shall demise to the Tenant, otherwise called Churl, at a reasonable rent certain, for term of 21 years at least.  
Thus the Freeholder and the Tenant being at a certainty, and rid of the uncertain spoil, and spending of the Lord, and feeling the ease and commodity thereof, will withstand the unlawful attempts of the Lord, and be ready with his body and goods against him (if need be) at the devotion of the State, that shall be means thus to enrich and better his estate.  
6 Item, no Lord or Gentlemen for any respect or colour of Service, be admitted to put upon his Lordship or Signory any Galloglagh, Kerne, or Shot, or to grant them any Kenelagh. Fellow Bonaghbeg or Bonaghburr upon pain offellony: Nevertheless upon any great necessity the Lord Deputy, or Lords Precedents, shall put in any Galloglagh, Kerne, or Shot, and those to be called and reputed your Majesty's Galloglagh, Kerne, or Shot.  
7 Item, that all Brehons' Carraghes, Bards, and Rymers, that infect the people, Friars, Monks, jesuites, Pardoners, Nuns, and such like, that openly seek the maintenance of Papacy, a Traitorous kind of people, the Bellowes to blow the coals of all mischief and Rebellion, and fit spies of Antichrist, whose Kingdom they greedily expect to be restored, be executed by Marshal Law, and their favourers and maintainers by due course of Law, to be tried and executed as in cases of Treason.  
8 Item, if your Majesty in respect of policy, or otherwise, do not think it good, utterly to destroy the Irish Scots, that do continually invade your good Subjects, and aid the Rebellious against your Highness: That it were well your Majesty did grant to the Earl of Arguile an yearly Pension for a time, to the end he should restrain them from coming ever into England.  
9 Item, that the English Horsemen & Footmen, the Galloglaghes, Kerne, and Irish Shot, be placed in the several Provinces of the Realm, as the service and the necessity of the place shall require: And that of the Lands in your Majesty's disposition by Excheat or otherwise, as soon as convensently may be, some portions be allotted to them to dwell upon, and manure at a certain reasonable rate. And yearly as the commodity of their Lands increaseth, the wages to abate, and so at length clean to extinguish.  
10 Item, to the end the Ports in Ireland, especially of Monster, may be inhabited and fortified against foreign attempts; it shall be well your Majesty do not only strengthen the Privileges already granted, but also grant new.  
11 Item, that Merchants in general be prohibited upon pain of death, to sell Powder, or any kind of Warlike Munition to any of the Irish.  
12 Item, that honest and skilful men be taken out of every Court of Record here, and placed there for the settling of the due course of the Laws. And for their better encouragement to do well, that in respect of their honest travels, they be promised preferments of Offices in the Courts here, as any do fall fit for them.  
13 Item, that the Glybb, and all Irish habit of men and women, be presently abolished, and that Orders be set down for enlarging the English tongue, and extinguishing the Irish in as short a time as conveniently may be.  
14 Item, that the factions of Butler and Geraldine, with the titles of Ahmabo and Cr●ghmabo be taken away.  
15 Finally, to the end your Majesty's State be more followed, and depended upon then hitherto it hath been, and the Lords of the Counties less, (reserving to them the honour and reputation due to their places, as the Noble men here have.) I think it very necessary that a survey be taken of all their Lands: and that your Majesty, by good advice, shall take such a third part thereof into your hands, as shall lie fittest for the furtherance of your Service▪ Giving them of improoved Lands in England by way of exchange, a valuable recompense. So shall your Majesty's followers increase, and theirs diminish to the great assurance of your State there: Besides, that by that means your Highness shall have always   

A CONTINUATION of the History of IRELAND unto this time 1626., whereof this is the first Book, beginning 1584. and ending 1588. the rest shall follow.  

Queen Elizabeth's prosperous and peaceable government.  WHen Queen Elizabeth (the mirror of women, and most famous of Princes) had to the wonder of the world, and her own ever flourishing fame, governed these her Kingdoms of England and Ireland, 
1584.  for the space of almost six and twenty years, and did now plainly find; that the Romish and Spanish practices (those ambitious States affecting universal Supremacy; the one in over▪ ruling Religion, the other in coveting absolute Monarchy) had taken hold of the revolting disposition & nature of the Irish (now wearier of the English yoke of obedience then ever: in respect of their contrariety in Religion, which (through their wildness and barbarism) they would not have been 
The Roman Locusts, and especially Sanders, incendiaries of Rebellion▪  so sensible of, but by the stirring up of the Roman Locusts: the instruments of strife, blood, and dissension) as late manifestation was made in the fruit of that wicked Priest and Traitor, Doctor Sanders his work, who not only drew in the invading Popish-Spanish forces (one of those States aucthorising, the other 
The Popish-Spanish forces defeated by the Lord Grace then Deputy.  supporting) into Monster, where at Smerwick they were defeated by her Majesty's forces, under the command of the right worthy and religious Deputy the Lord Grace, but had likewise incited the Lords of Desmond and Baltinglasse, with many their confederates, to an insurrection (not without suspicion of the Earl of Kildares' connivency therein) which fire being well quenched, by the wisdom 
The too specdy recalling of the Lord Grace hindered the utter extinguishing of Desmonds' insurrection.  and valour of that noble Governor, but not utterly extinct, he being too speedily revoked thence by the means of his enemies at Court, envying his virtues, and malicing his success. And the sword committed unto two justices; who as in bodies and qualities, so varied they indispositions and affection. Way was given by neglect, (the Handmaid of division) to the reviving those sparks, which lay hid, and covered in the embers of the jesuites forge; which her Majestic discerning, repent, (no doubt) the calling away of the former Deputy, but like a great minded Prince, (unwilling to confess error, or to show the power of such as had prevailed with her in this particular) called herself home to a new election of such a Governor, as was likely to answer the necessity of her service, and to rule that Kingdom to the good and quiet of her people, wherein though her happiness was such, as to have plenty of worthy servants (Regis ad exemplum, etc.) yet most worthily, the lot of 
Sir john Perrott elected Lord Deputy of Ireland.  her judgement fell at this time upon Sir john Perrot, a Gentleman descended of an ancient and Noble family, and that illustrated by his own virtue, which being supported with a fair Patrimony, (the effectual grace of Ancient Nobility) gave glory to his mind. His profession being a Soldier, for as his means bestowed grace upon the profession, so the profession returned the more honour to his undertaking; free hazard being indeed the high path to honour, especially when it is guided by a transcendent judgement, which he had formerly manifested by diverse employments. In her Majesty's Navy he had not long before, 
Sir john Perrotts employment against Stukely.  the command of six of her Ships, to encounter Stukley, expected with the Papal banner, to have invaded Ireland: He was the 
Sir john Perrott the first President of Monster.  first Lord Precedent of the Province of Monster, made by the advice of Sir Henry Sidney: While he was Deputy of Ireland, wherein he had governed with good success to her Majesty's Service, and such notice had she taken of his judgement and experience in that Kingdom, as she required his opinion in writing 
Sir john Perrotts opinion for reformation of Ireland, applauded by the Queen and Council.  for reformation of errors, and establishing a perfection in the government there, which he performed to her good liking, and the applause of her Council.  
This judicious and exact discourse I have added (for the satisfaction of the Reader) to my Preface. These merits induced that provident Prince to this his Election. So as commission 
Sir john Perrots taking of the sword.  was given, and the sword delivered him in Christ's Church in Dublin on the 26. of june anno 1584. by the afore mentioned justices, at which time, (peradventure in imitation of the ancient Roman Governors, who were ever accustomed at their Election into 
Sir john Perrots speech when he received the sword.  public Office, to make Orations to the people) he made a brief speech more plain and pithy then glorious or eloquent, the words being to this effect.  
That since it had pleased God and her Majesty to commit to him that great government, how weak so ever he were to undergo so heavy a weight, yet he would do his best endeavour to distribute equal justice unto all, which he knew to be her Majesty's mind. And, quoth he, this sword (laying his hand upon the sword of State) shall punish ill doers without partiality, and protect the good subject from violence and injury; but because words and deeds do now a days use to dwell fare asunder, I leave you that hear me now, hereafter to judge me and my words by my deeds. This short speech, being pronounced in such a manner, as his natural Majesty of personage, spirit, and countenance did usually afford; received no less applause from the standers by, than it gave them hope it would prove a debt wherein the payment would justly follow the promise. The ceremony being ended with the accustomed rites thereunto belonging. The next day he communicated in Council his commission and instructions; which for the better satisfaction of such as mistake the grant of that government, both in limit of authority and term of Residency: I have thought meet to declare, that his Patent was as all other Deputies▪ not with limitation 
The amplitude of the Deputies Commission.  of years, or time of government, but during pleasure, containing power to make war and peace; To levy Arms and Forces for that purpose; To punish and pardon offenders; To confer all Offices, and collate all Spiritual promotions and dignities (a few of them excepted) concluded with the greatest Latitude of authority which can be given a Subject; which is, to do all things in cases of justice and government, as the Prince might do being present. The reservation of making Privy Counsellors, great Officers, Bishops, and such like, always given here by the Prince himself, with diverse other things, too long to be here recited. In his private instructions, besides matters of profit, as sparing her Majesty's purse, and easing her charge, settling of differences amongst the subjects, and planting indifferency between the superior and inferior, taking away thereby dependency; 
The erecting of the University in Dublin, given in charge to the Deputy.  the bane of that Kingdom. There was precisely given him in charge the erection of an University in Dublin, for the advancement of learning, never till that time set on foot (and that by this Deputies urging) though long time before projected, and in King Edward the sixth time intended; So soon as the mists of Ignorance (the mother of Popish devotion) was by the shining reformation of Religion dispersed; and most especially requisite in that Kingdom, as a chief spring and fountain of civility.  
(His authority thus showed:) He fell with them in Council, touching the affairs of that Kingdom, both as it was given him in charge, and as they were presented to the view of his own experient judgement, wherein he spent eighteen days; after which consultation, he fell to show the fruits of Council, in setting down acts and decrees 
Amnestia, or the act of Oblivion.  for the good of her Majesty's service and Kingdom; amongst which, was Amnestia, or the act of Oblivion, according to the institution of the ancient and excellent Lawgivers', the Lacedæmonians, being in the nature of a general pardon for offences past, which was both a merciful, and a politic provision, to keep Transgressors from despair; the ready mean to induce them to the increase of mischief, but being reduced to obedience by this act of clemency, and so settled in security. It was most probable and likely, that they who had lately felt the smart of raging and wantfull war; would now kiss peace, and embrace it with a firmer constancy.  
At the same time he sent into England, the son of the late Earl of Desmond, being but young (and yet held dangerous he should be bred in that Kingdom, where practice might work his escape, and little means was to yield him a meet breeding) with request for his careful education here, that Religion and civility might after lead him to the performance of those duties, wherein (through barbarism) his Predecessors had erred and trangressed.  
Then like a good Governor, that would abandon ease, the mother of error and corruption, 
The Lord Deputies Progress into Connaught & Monster.  he left Dublin, the seat of State, to settle the remote parts and Provinces of Monster and Connaught, under their Governors, newly sent over; General Norrys Lord Precedent of Monster, and Captain Richard Bingham chief Commissioner of Connaught, in whose choice this Lord Deputy (as I have heard) had a great hand, judging them meet men both for the managing of war, and conservation of peace: So much did their valour, judgement, and experience promise for them; who had at that time gained the reputation of the two most able Captains of our Nation, wherein his wisdom, or fortune, did appear the greater: when by such means his directions should not only be skilfully performed, but himself cased of that care and fear, a Chief is subject to, when his substitutes be weak: especially such principal Governors, as have power to answer sudden occasions upon their own discretions; but how sufficient so ever they were, as his authority was to govern them, so he thought it his part to guide them by the example of his own work, purposing in those Provinces to hear complaints, to redress abuses, to decide controversies, and to appease dissensions and quarrels, between Lords of Countries, and men of Ability, and special quality; whose discords and controversies had usually drawn them into unwarrantable actions, and many times enforced the Prince, both to the hazard and loss of the good Subjects, and to the expense of Treasure, to bring an Army to appease their quarrels, as in the contention between Desmond and Ormonde had lately fall'n out, and that which is most dangerous in that Kingdom: It hath always been found, that Rebellion hath been the Successor of private quarrels: Mischief like ambition, climbing to the highest places. For these ends and purposes, the Deputy took his journey from Dublin, the thirteenth day of july; attended on by diverse persons of account in that State, and came to Molingarre, the 16. of the same month, where to prevent discovery of such intelligence, as should pass between him and the Council at Dublin, by the interception of his or their Letters: He devised and sent thence to the Lord Chancellor, and Sir Henry Wallop the Treasurer (the late justices, and now by him authorised for the dispatch of the affairs of the State in his absence) 
The Deputies Alphabetical device of secrecy.  certain cyphers, and figures, framed after an Alphabet, importing the names of some of the chief persons and places in England and Ireland, which devise for secrecy was most necessary in that Kingdom, where the people are very inquisitive, and in the succeeding War, were apt to give discovery to the Rebel, as well for Religion's sake, as to gain favour upon his Incursions. The want of this course had like to have opened to the Rebel, the last and greatest intention of the Lord Burgh against them, by the interception of his last Letter to the State: opened and copied by a Captain, trusted with the conveyance thereof; and by him certified to the Traitor Tyrone, but in the way intercepted by the Marshal, Sir Henry Bagnall. The original of these Ciphers are yet to be seen, with the worthy Son of that most worthy Father, Sir Henry Wallop; of whom, since my heart upon good knowledge of him guides my Pen: I crave pardon for digressing from my matter now in hand, to speak a word of him. He was of an ancient family, and an Inheritor of a fair fortune, which he managed with so much providence, as it being seconded by a well known wisdom; he was Elected to this place of Vice-Treasurer, and Treasurer at Wars in Ireland; which, as I have often credibly heard, he was unwilling to accept of, (not because the place was in the Market at a price to be had, according to the Custom of France, but freely disposed, as all Offices were by that glorious Queen, who well understood, that he which buys dear, must sell at the same rate; by which means the poor Subject (whose weal lay next her heart) must suffer inconvenience:) but out of fear, that treasure which corrupts most men, might do no less to him. This place he discharged many years with so clean hands, and so upright a heart, as he added not to his fortune any matter of moment, but at his death was found upon an even ground: neither in debt to the Queen, nor to be charged with any gratuity from Officer, Captain, or other in that Kingdom, and carried this report to his grave: that never Treasurer so wise and provident enjoyed so long, and reaped so little benefit by so beneficial a place, and died without the Taint of corruption, either in that Office or any other, which he held by the favour of the State in that Kingdom.  
The Lord Deputy having performed this, with many other things of importance: set forwards on his journey into Connaught, where he dealt with the chief Lords, to change their custom of strife and controversy (at this time frequent) into amity and friendship, (Charity breeding Piety, and both establishing civility;) as the Earls of Thomond and Clanrichard, the Lord Bremigham, the burgh's of Euter Connaught, the Okelleis, Oconnor Roe, Oconnor Don, Oconnor Sligo, Mac-William Eughter, Murtho-ne-doe-Oflarty. The Oneales', Mac Trenor, Mac Mahond, Mac Enispoc, both the Mac Nemurroes, the two Mac Mahones, and all the Chiefs of Connaught and Thomond: that both they, and the meaner Subject; might be preserved in peace, without private wrongs, for assurance of their loyalties, and the readier payment of their compositions: He put to death Donnogh Beg Obryan, 
Donnogh-Beg-Obryan put to death.  (a bioudy murderer, and spoiler of the good Subject) with six of his accomplices. This naughty person showed as much resolution in suffering death, as before he had manifested cruelly in his bloody actions, which did argue the goodness of the service in cutting him so timely off: for he that wants remorse of conscience at the time of his death, is in his soul delighted in doing mischief.  

The practice of Surleboys invading Ulster, discovered.  He passed on to Limbrick, in the Province of Monster, where he received intelligence from the Baron of Donganon, Sir Nicholas Bagnall the Marshal, (Captain Mince then lying in Odonnells Country, and others, of the approach of a Thousand Scottish Islanders, called Redshankeses, being of the Septs or Families of the Cambiles, Macconnells, and Macgalanes; drawn to invade Ulster by Surleboys, one of that Nation, who had usurped, and by power and strong hand possessed himself of the Macguilies, and other men's Lands in Ulster, called the Glimes and the Routs: meaning to hold that by force, which he had gotten without right, by violence, fraud, and injury. The Deputy at the same time received private notice, of a Messenger sent from the Irish of Ulster, to stir up the Lords and Chiefs of Monster and Connaught, to join with them in Rebellion, for whom he caused wait to be 
Tirlogh Leynaghs fosterer taken.  laid, and had him apprehended, and brought to himself; who upon examination, after some denial, confessed that he was Tirlogh Leynagh, then called Oneales' fosterer, and by him employed to procure those people to join in Rebellion with him, and his Accomplices, according to a former combination made before his Lordship's arrival in that Kingdom, when it was destitute of an understanding Commander, or such a Garrison of Soldiers as was fit to answer such an occasion: (hereby expressing the condition of that people: to watch all opportunity to deliver themselves from the yoke of the English government,) and he confessed withal, that now having moved the Lord Fitzmorrice, and some other Lords of Monster, to enter into 
The opinion of the Deputies justice kept the Lord Fitzmorrice and others from Rebellion.  the promised Insurrection: he was answered by them, that since Sir john Perrot (who all that Country knew, and esteemed to be a just man) was arrived and made Deputy; none of them would stir so long, as he and the Earl of Ormonde continued in that Kingdom; so as the cause, which makes the English government heavy to that people, plainly appears to be, the corruption of our Governors, else had not Sir john Perrot (whose sincerity was known to them) had more power to contain them in obedience, than another of his Country and quality should have had▪ & in the process of this Story it will likewise appear, that Oneale himself was won to loyalty, and a peaceable subjection, merely by the justice of this Deputy; when he came once to be known amongst them of the North. Nevertheless, the news of the Preparation in Ulster, 
The Deputies return to prevent the Islanders.  and the danger of a descent of the Scottish Islanders there, being by the Deputy well weighed, broke off his farther proceed in that Province, and called him back, to the prevention of the same; leaving this Province secured by taking Pledges of all suspected persons, and constituting in each Country, trusty and able Governors, to keep the people in obedience, if any stir should happen in his absence; taking the Precedent of Monster (who was desirous to accompany him) along with him to the Northern Expedition, and appointing such as he suspected, to attend him to Dublin: ordaining in his absence the County of Cork to be governed, by the justices Walshe and Miagh: The Sheriff Sir William Stanley; the Lords Barry and Roche; the County of Limbrick to the Provost Martial; the County of Desmond to the Earl of Clancarthie; Sir Owen Oswillivan, and Oswillivan More. The County of Kerry to the Sheriff, and the Lord Fitz-Morris, with others, whose pledges he took with him. The Liberty and County of Tipperary (whose jurisdiction was by Charter challenged to belong to the Earl of Ormonde) he left as he found it to the ancient course of government, under Thomas the then Earl, a man of singular wisdom and loyalty, and by her Majesty highly favoured. This Earl first met him in Connaught with Mac Morris, Oswillivan More, the Knight of Kerry, and certain Septs of the Galloglasses, who accompanied him to Limbrick, where there came unto him all the principal persons of that Province, saving the chief of the County of Cork, as the Lords Barry and Roche, Sir Owen-Mac-Carthie, and others, who did accompany their Sheriff Sir William Stanley, provided to entertain him, and present themselves upon the Confines of their own County: but were prevented by the Northern news already mentioned, the Deputy having changed his purpose of visiting those parts.  

Malachias Amalone, a Friar converted.  In this passage thorough Connaught, Malachias Amalone, brother to Mac William Eughter (who had long been a Friar) was brought unto him, and by him with private consultation, and dispute, made to understand his errors. He publicly, and before a great Assembly did renounce the Pope and Romish Religion, gave over his order and habit, and made his Recantation by professing himself a Protestant, and conformable to the Religion established in her Majesty's Dominions.  
With these courses of Providence, justice, ending of Controversies, and taking security for the preservation of future Peace: the people generally seemed to be well pleased and satisfied▪ but in nothing more, then with the correction of the Sheriff's corruptions, and limiting them to a small number of followers, who had formerly used with Multitudes to travail and Cease, under colour of Service, to the grievous oppression of the Country: so as mixing the people's case from exaction, with their reformation, they gladly yielded to the hardest conditions, that cold be desired to keep them in obedience and due subjection.  
These parts being left to the care of the justices, and other selected Commissioners: The Deputy retired with as much celerity as he could towards Dublin, and in his way as he passed through Leix, he took Pledges of Fiaugh 
Orders taken with the heads of Lemster for the certainty of their obedience.  Mac Hugh, (the Firebrand of the Mountains, between Dublin and Wexford) which were his Son and Uncle, and for the rest of his Sept, the Obyms, and O-Tooles: Sir Henry Harrington, the Captain and Commander of that Country, was appointed to receive the li●e. The two brethren of the Oconnors, who used to be followed with great troops of Savaging and idle people; doing and threatening mischief to the Queen and King's Counties, and the parts adjoining: submitted themselves there to the Deputy, and were by him reduced to a more orderly course: by putting away their idle men, and bringing their Sept and followers into a smaller proportion, according to their quality.  
After the death of james More alias Meigh, the Moors who challenge dominion in L●ix, were divide into two or three Septs: them the Deputy caused to render Pledges for their Loyalties, as the Oconnors had done.  
The Cana●aghs not being ready with their Pledges, (who are the bordering busy men of the Counties of Wexford, Catherlogh, and Kildare) were respited to perform the same to Sir Henry Wallop, Sir Nicholas Walsh, and other Commissioners appointed for the surveying the Forts of Mary Burgh, and Philip's Town. 
The Forts of Mary-Burgh and Philip's Town, built by the Earl of Sussex.  Philip's Town, and the King's County was assigned to the command of Sir George Bourgier; and Mary Burgh with the Queen's County, to Captain Warham St. Leger, which Forts were built, and Counties so named in Queen Mary's time, by the Earl of Sussex then Lieutenant of Ireland, before begun by Edward Bollingham, being otherwise called Leix and Ophaly; these being the first Counties that 
The King and Queen's Counties divided by the Earl of Sussex.  had been in this Kingdom since King john's Reign, at what time the twelve first Shires were established: which enlarging of the English Plantation, was a Service of very great moment; those two Irish Septs of Moors and Oconnors, possessing these two Countries, being the most powerful Rebels of Lemster at that time, and by this good Earl and his Predecessor happily brought under.  
The Orealies (as well Sir john as Philip) being then in controversy, were thence summoned by the Lord Deputy, to repair to him at Dublin, which shortly after they performed, and submitted their cause to his order, who appeased their controversy by settling an indifferent course between them to both their lyking.  
Having secured all the Western parts in the manner as is declared (which was certified unto England by those of the Privy Council that attended him in this journey) he repaired to Dublin upon the 9 day of August, having been absent a month wanting two days, where he remained sixteen days, to make provision of convenient power and means for his Northern journey, for to resist the Invasion of the Scottish Islanders, whereof his intelligence did daily increase; and to suppress the rebellious purpose of the Ulster Confederates, making the greater haste to keep them from uniting. His force which he could on such a sudden make, was the Earl of Ormond and his Rising out, The Earl of Thomond and his: 
The Army for the North.  From Monster the Lord Barrys his Rising out, sent by his brother: The Lord Roche and Fitz Gibon, called the white Knight, with theirs: The rising out of the County of Kildare. The Lord of Trimelstowne, with the rising out of Meathe; The Vice-Count Gorm●nstowne, and the Lord of Heath, with other rising out of the English Pale, being such of the old English descent, as were tied by their tenors and custom of Service, to levy certain Horse and Foot, called Rise out; to attend the Deputy or chief Governor for a time, without the Prince's charge, in all Services of importance, when he went himself in person. To these were added ten English Companies of Foot, of one hundred in each Company, under the Command.  
1 Sir Henry Wallops Company commanded by his Lieutenant.  
2 Captain Rees ap Hugh, the Provost Martial.  
3 Captain Thomas Lea.  
4 Captain bethel.  
5 Captain Randal Brewerton.  
6 Captain Merryman.  
7 Captain Mince.  
8 Captain Parker.  
9 Captain Collum.  
10 Captain Bangor.  
These Companies Rise out, and some half Companies of Kerne brought by particular Irish Lords being ready; The Deputy accompanied with the afore-named Lords, General Norreys, Lord Precedent of Monster, Sir Nicholas Bagnall, then Marshal of Ireland; Captain jaques Wingfield, than Master of the Ordnance. Sir George Bourchier, Sir William Stanley, Mr. Thomas Norreys, Sir Henry Harrington, all Governors, Commanders, and most of them ancient Captains, well experienced; with him likewise went Sir Robert Dillon chief justice of the Common Pleas, Sir Lucas Dillon chief Baron of the Exchequer, Sir Nicholas White Master of the Rolls, Master jeffrey Fenton Secretary of the State, Master Henry Bagnall, Sir Edward Denny, Sir john Tyrrell of Farrtallaugh, Master Dudleigh Bagnall, Sir Henry Cooley, Sir Thomas More, Sir Anthony Brabauson, Warham Saint Leger, Henry Warren, and William Warren his brother, set-forwards from Dublin the five and twenty day of August, and came to the Newry the 29. thereof, where within a mile of the Town met him 
Tirlogh Leynaughs first coming to the Deputy.  Tirlogh Leynaugh, the chief man of Vister, whose rebellious spirit (as well by the report was given of the Deputies justice and sincerity, as the advice of his Monster friends) being quieted, he presented himself to the Deputies favour, without either pardon or protection for his late seditious Conspiracy, whom the Deputy entertained with a loving but grave countenance, accepted his submission, and promise to the State of duty and obedience; for the performance whereof, he willingly put in Pledges. During his stay and abode here; there came unto him upon his commandment 
The heads of Vister come to the Deputy upon his word  and word of safety, Magenize, Mac, Mahone, Tirlogh Braselogh, and the Irish Captains and Commanders of the Phews, Farry, Clancarrol, Kilwarlen, Killultagh, and those of Clanyboys side, and others the chief borderers, from whom appointing Pledges to be taken; he assured their Countries. So as no doubt of Insurrection behind him could happen, when he should be advanced to the Enemy and Rebels abroad. From whence he marched forwards with his Forces towards Surleboys, and his invading Islanders, who hearing of his approach, with more power and speed than they expected (celerity being the only advantage to a Commander, and the greatest dismay to an unresolued Enemy) were much appalled; withal understanding, that the Deputy had sent Shipping to surprise their Galleys lying at Loghfoyle, as he had secured the whole Country, those men attending him with their Forces; whom they expected to be their partakers: So as their hoped for friends were now become their assured Enemies. They made a quick retreat to Loghfoyle, and 
The retreat of the Scots to Loghfoyle, and their escape thence.  escaped away in their Galleys before the approach of the Shipping, who came ere they were passed Ken: So as for a while they gave chase to them, though to no purpose. This unhappy escape of the Islanders, was imputed to the negligence of the Sea Commanders, the Deputy having provided against it, sending the Ships in good time, foreseeing what these barbarous Savages were likely to do upon his approach: but it was excused, by the sudden springing of a leak, which enforced their stay till it was mended. These fugitlues by this advange being escaped; made the danger of Surlcboys Confederacy seem small. Nevertheless, as well to answer her Majesty's charge, as to punish the Animatours of this Invasion; Surleboye, Ocane, Bryan Caraugh, and others, standing yet upon ill terms, encouraged by the strength of their fastness, and their hope to hold out, till the approach of unseasonable weather, (Winter hastening on.) The Deputy proceeded on to the River of Band, where he divided his Force into two parts, to pursue them upon both sides 
The Deputy divides his Army.  of the River. Himself, with the Earl of Ormond, and the rest of the Nobility, kept the side of Claniboy, the other part of the Army he put under the Conduct of General Norreys, which (notwithstanding his great Command over great Armies in the Low-Countries, where he had achieved famous Victories) he took no scorn of; willing to express his readiness to serve his Prince, and Country in any kind, who accompanied with the Baron of Donganon, kept upon Tyrone 
The Baron of Donganons insinuating with General Norreys.  side▪ Where this wily Serpent Donganon so behaved himself to this brave hearted Norreys; as it bred such an affection, that after was the cause (through the treacherous Nature of this Rebel) of much mischief to the State, and dishonour to the never enough praised Norreys; such force hath fawning servility, oftentimes to catch hold of a Noble Nature, and indeed so great was the wit of this fatal Villainy, as to dive into, and apply himself satisfactorily unto all dispositions, and to change himself like Proteus into all shapes, that might bring advantage to his Treasons, hatched with him in his Cradle. The Deputy spoilt Bryan Caraughs Country, and forced him, and Surleboy, to fly into Glancom-K●ne with their Criaghts and Cows, which is the strongest and 
The Preying of Ochane by General Norreys.  greatest fastness in the North. General Norreys overslipping Surleboy, fell upon Ochane and took from him a Prey of two hundred Cows, which gave the Soldier good relief; 
Bryan Canaughs falling upon the Horse-Boyes.  but a hundred Horse-boyes and Lacqueis, belonging to his Troops, Scavaging abroad, and ranging loosely, as their manner is; being careless of a flying enemy, were cut in pieces by Bryan Caraughs men. Upon this their straggling, through their cry, when the Rebel light upon them, some of the Forces flew into their rescue: Where laque, Sir William Stanleys' Lieutenant, was hurt with a Skottish Arrow, and Ouenton, the Baron of Donganons Lieutenant likewise. Thus Boys follies sometimes procure men's harms, but if these two had then lost their lives, the loss had been small, if not gain, they after proving bad members to their Country. Upon the revolt of Sir William Stanley in the Low-Countries, and in the late and great Rebellion of Tyrone, wherein Ouenton was a principal Firebrand. At this time Master 
Master Thomas Norreys hurt, and Mr. Lambart taken prisoner.  Thomas Norreys was hurt in the knee with an Arrow, and Master Oliver Lambart, than a private man, but since, a special Commander, was taken Prisoner in Ochanes Country. 
Captain Merrymen preying the Rebels  Captain Merryman the day before brought a prey of Cows out of the Rebel's fastness unto the Deputies Campe. The day after General 
General Norreys preying Bryan Caragh.  Norreys having passed the great woods of Glancom Kewe, preyed Bryan Caraughs country at the bottom of the Glimes and slew them that were put to defend them.  
Ochane finding his Country harrowed, & his 
Ochanes submission.  men destroyed, and himself straightly pursued, sued for mercy, and obtained it: whereupon his submission and putting in pledges he received a grave but sharp admonition from the Deputy, being the first pardoned man, that had committed act of hostility, since his coming to the government; where the reproof was notso great to Ocane, as it was a lesson to the standers by, who might in time prove little better affected to the State, than he had been.  

Surleboys prosecuted by General Norreys  Surleyboyes flying the Lord Deputies side, betook himself into his strong fastness which he trusted to, but the Deputy desirous to bring him into a strait, sent over more Horse and Foot, with most of the Kern from his own side, to General Noris; conceiving that he by deuiding his force (with such draughts as might be made by espials) might do good Service upon this sugitive, by forcing him into such extremity as he should not escape without death, or yielding.  
In the mean time himself, with the rest of his Force, besieged the strong Castle of Don Luce, which though but a small Pile, 
Don Luce besieged.  yet in respect of the Seat, is one of the most impregnable Castles of that Ringdome, being situated upon a Rock hanging over the Sea, and divided from the Marine with a narrow neck of Land or Rock, not above four foot broad, and fifty foot long, the denthes of each side being at the least ten fathom. The Castle itself commanding the passage, is seated upon a hard Rock, which hath in it Caves as it were Sellers, which would secure the guard, though the Castle were battered and beaten down: Here was at this time a strong Ward commanded by a Scottish Captain, who being summoned to deliver up the Castle to the Queen, resolutely denied; protesting to defend it to the last man, whereupon the Deputy, hoping the terror of the Canon might dismay the Ward (for other hope he had not to win so strong a place) drew his Forces nearer, & planted his Artillery (being two Culuerings and two Sakers) for battery. This Ordnance was brought by Sea from Dublin to Skerreys Portrushe, and thence being two miles, was drawn by men's hands (through want of other means) to this place. The Ward of the Castle played thick with their small Shot upon the Soldiers, that made the appraoch; much to the discouragement of the workmen, and impeachment of the work, being within Musket shot. The Deputy seeing the Soldiers shrink, commanded some of his own servants to supply the places of them that were fearful, to fill the Gabions, and make good the ground, himself encouraging 
A worthy part of a Deputy.  both them, and the rest by giving not only his presence, but his hand to the work; by which means the Ordnance was planted, & the blinders set up, the Canoniere beginning to play, which at first did little annoy the Castle or the Ward therein; but within a little time the Pile began to shake through continuance, and the discharging at once of the Artillery. Then the courages of the Ward (unused to the defence of such places) began to quail, insomuch 
Parley with the Castle of Don Luce.  as the next morning a Parley is demanded, and conditions propounded; leave to departed with bag and baggage, is by the Deputy granted; as well to take time while the fear lasted, to prevent such resolution, as despair, & a better consideration of the strength of the place might yield them; as to save the charge of re-edifying the Castle, which he intended to keep for the Queen, being a place of no small importance. Besides, the small provision was then in the Army, not easily supplied in that place in a short time, by which means other intended service of no less (if not more) importance might be hindered, was another motive of saving time and charge, which had been spent, if the Captain had continued in his first resolution, and peradventure without success to the Deputy, who stood in doubt of the loss of many men in the assault through the difficulty of the entry, as is before mentioned, howsoever it would assuredly 
Surrender of the Castle of Don Luce.  have cost more time than had stood with the conveniency of the Service.  
After surrender of this place, and a Ward there established, he took in the Fort of Don-fret, 
The taking of Don-Fret, and another Castle  (the Ward having quitted it before) and another Castle or Pile near Portrush. All Surleboys Loghs and Lands were left without 
Submission of Surleboys.  defence, so as he had no place of strength within the main to fly unto, but the woods. The Ranglings being the chiefest refuge for the invading Islanders to make their abode in, as the usual Rendezvous where they consulted upon the course of their Invasion. Surleboys thus beaten from his holds, judging no continuance of safety to be in his flight, sued at length for mercy, as all the rest of his Confederates had done, which in after time, through the necessity of the season, and the want of provision, the Deputy much against his mind granted, well weighing what good Service it would have been, utterly to have extirped the nest of these greedy valtures, but necessity oftentimes overrules judgement.  

Odonnell and Sir Owen O-Toole come to the Deputy.  During the Deputies abode here, Odonnell the principal Lord of Tireconnell, and Sir Owen O Toole came, and presented themselves unto him. There Tirlogh Lenaugh, and the other chief Lords of Vister submitted their differences and Controversies unto his Order, 
The Deputy brings the wild Irish to the use of law.  whom he caused to implead each other by bill and answer, in a legal manner; an unusual course to them who had been ever accustomed to try all by the strength of the sword, which mischief had ever kept that Country in barbarism. He ministered an oath of Allegiance, and the observation of her Majesty's peace unto them, which they by his persuasion 
The beginning of the composition of Ulster.  willingly accepted. He drew them to a composition proportionably, to find the Queen a certain number of Soldiers in Garrison, to whose charge she should contribute only 250. pound a year, to every Company of a hundred, for their maintenance, and the rest should be paid by the Country in this manner.  
Tirlogh Leynaugh (who styled himself o'neill) for him and the rest, whom he claimed to be under him, as Ochane and Macguire should give allowance to five hundred Soldiers, with the addition mentioned; Odonnell and his followers should do the like to 200, Macguilly and his followers to 100 Foot, and 25 Horse.  
Before the Deputies departure hence, the Lady Cambell, donnel, Groom, and Oneales' 
Submission of the Lady Cambell & others.  wife's son, came and tendered their submission, whom he received into pardon and protection; and passed unto them, her Majesty's promised grant; procured by his mother, for so much of the Glimes as were sometime Massets' Lands, for which he should pay yearly 50 Beefs, and find upon his charge 80 Soldiers to serve in any part of Ulster, at the Governors' command.  
The Deputy prevented from passing further into the Rawghlings as he intended, for the utter rooting out of Surleboys, by the approach of Winter, and want of victual; the one usually making the passages difficult, by the rivers rising upon the fall of rain, and the wind and weather hindering the others arrival, which had been long since shipped at Dublin; so as now victual was very scant in the Army, he determined of his return homewards, having happily begun, and hopefully proceeded in this reformation of the North. At which time fell a sudden and dangerous storm, by which the Rivers grew great and likely to 
Retreat of the Deputy homewards.  prove worse, which enforced him to speed his retreat, not willing to give advantage to a perfidious people, but would rather leave to another time, the perfection & finishing of this work, which he had moulded in his judgement for the future securing of this quarter, and dispossessing these fugitives that had crept and intruded into it: But necessity, which controls great actions, and over-maisters the best resolutions; gave an after-stop to his proceed therein, as in the sequel will appear.  
The Deputy having settled thus much for the establishing of peace: increase of revenue, and force for the Prince in Ulster, where nothing but Revolts and Rebellions had heretofore been practised, and now threatened, and begun with a strong combination; likely to have taken deeper rooting, and to have spread itself into other parts of that long infected turbulent State, if his wisdom, industry, and celerity had not prevented it. Now gins to draw homeward towards the Newry, but before his rising thence, considering it the sittest and best means to secure that Country: 
The Deputy plants Garrisons in the North.  he planted Garrisons in all convenient places. He sent four Companies of Foot into Tirlogh Heynaughs Country, under the leading of Captain Merryman, Parker, Bangor, and Collum, to continue all the Winter: He assigned two hundred foot, and fifty horse of the old Bands under Captain Carleyle, to lie at Colraen, to prevent both Insurrection within, and 
The Deputies coming to the Newry, where all the Lords of Ulster present themselves, and conclude the Commission.  Invasion from the Lands abroad. This done, he came to the Newry the 28. day of September, where he remained ten days in pursuing and perfecting the courses begun. Whether Tirlogh Leynaugh (according to his Lordship's direction and appointment) brought Henry Oneale the son of Shane Oneale, Tirloghs predecessor in the thiefery of Ulster, who had escaped from Sir Henry Sidney before, and sometimes held by Tirlogh as a prisoner, to prevent his claim to his Father's place of Oneale.  
Thither came also the rest of the Lords adjoining; as Sir Hugh Macquenize, Mac Mahone, Ohanlone, Tirlogh Brasilogh, Mac Carthen; the chieftains of the Ferney, Phues, Kilultaugh, Kilwarlen, and others, who all willingly took an oath of faith and fidelity to the Queen, and to serve her against all men, and for their performance of the same, delivered to the Deputy such Pledges as he demanded, and granted to such composition for the maintenance of the Army, as Oneale▪ Odonell, and Macquilly had formerly done. Hugh Oge, and Shane Mac Bryan for the neither Clanyboy allowed eighty men, Sir Hugh Macguennizo for the County of Enagh forty, The Commander of Kilultagh fifteen, of Kilwarlene ten, Mac Carthen ten.  
This composition for the maintenance of a Garrison by the Country, mounting in all to 1100. (as it was a Service of no small importance, and before it was effected, opposed by the Council through their opinion of the difficulty) received great applause and commendation even of those that maligned his success in any thing, and did admire that Ulster, which for many years together could scarcely endure the Sceptre of justice or Government, should be now reduced to such obedience: as to contribute to the maintenance of their own yoke; but doubtless it was a work of great danger in the attempt, and of great consequence being achieved: wherein much was to be attributed to the Deputies person that gave his persuasion, grace with the people; so as Majesty, Behaviour, and Comeliness, are most necessary qualities in the wisest Governor of a barbarous Nation.  
Heart-burnings bred by questions for superiority and government between Tirlogh Leynaugh called Oneale, The Baron of Dunganon; and Sir Nicholas Bagnall, who did overlook them both, (and thereupon as much envied of them, as they did malign one another) 
Grudging between the Governors of Ulster appeased.  the Deputy took care to appease (though it be difficult to reconcile grudges, growing for government and dominion.)  
He divided the greater governments into smaller, that no one should be too strong for another, and yet each should have sufficient, if not to satisfy himself, yet to balance the over-growing greatness of his neighbour: but indeed his chiefest aim was to extinguish the greatness of Oneale, which name being by the barbarous people of that whole Province had in so great adoration, as neither the law formerly made in Sir Henry Sidneys time, (a most worthy Governor,) nor any injunction of State could abolish, what time and ignorance had so established. Withal to suppress his claim to the Vriaghts, and petty Lords, second chief men unto him, whom he styled his vassals, and sometime used them as his Slaves, when he had power to prevail either over them, or against the State, whereby they became instruments to advance his supposed greatness; many times to his ruin and their own, not without much trouble & charge to the State. The Deputy therefore divided the Province into three Lieutenantcies: one he 
Division of the North into governments.  assigned unto Tirlogh Lennaugh, as much as was already under his rule. The other two he parted between the Baron of Donganon, & Sir Nicholas Bagnall, then Marshal of Ireland.  
Nor did he neglect to appease and reconcile the differences of meaner Lords, as of the Claniboyes, to all which Country Con mac Neale Oge (by the old and corrupt custom of 
Claniboy divided.  Tanestry) claimed to be Governor: And Shane Mac Bryan and Hugh Oge, straue for the dominion of the neither Claniboy, and could not agree of their portions, opposing the general and striving in their own particular. This the Deputy (through private persuasion and counsel joined with authority) arbitrated between them, and concluded with their mutual consent; that Con O Neale should hold the upper Claniboy, and Shane and Hugh, the neither, to be equally divided and bounded between them, by such Commissioners as he had appointed thereunto.  
These courses were of more importance, then by some are conceived to be: for Possessors of great Territories, and Commanders of many people, being proud of their own greatness, and inflamed with desire of Dominion; draw many to follow them through the flames of commotion: And the lesser, especially the second sort, either coveting to be higher, or binding themselves to the will of their Superiors, that are able to command, run headlong at their direction, and by consenting, or discenting in times of division, join only in the bad effects, to trouble the State, and to destroy or vex those that are best affected. Ulster thus suddenly appeased, revolting hearts partly pacified, and partly constrained to obedience; a composition of benefit to the Queen, and the Country's quiet settled. Private controversies ended, or at 
The Deputies return to Dublin.  the least, abated and qualified. The Deputy returneth to Dublin the eleventh of October, whence he had been absent three months and two days, and thence he gave an account to the Lords of the Council here, of these his proceed; signifying by his Letters, his quick and speedy dispatch, of so many weighty & difficult business, by his travail through all the Provinces of Ireland, in the space of five months; and might with Caesar have said, Veni, vidi, vici: and withal, that he had reform what was amiss, established peace, and increased the Prince's power. This his relation was ratified by like Letters written by such of the Privy Council, as did accompany him in these his journeys; wherein it is to be noted, that it was a wise part of the Deputy to cause his actions to be justified by others, who were, General Norreys, Sir Lucas Dillon, 
The Counsels report to the Lords, of the success in Ulster.  Sir Edward Waterhouse, and Mr. jeffrey Fenton. Some so just, as they would inform no untruths, and some using always to deprave from the Governors there: For the condition of our State, was rather to diminish the acts of the Deputy to her Majesty, then to grace them by a true relation, lest as his merit might challenge rewards; so the weight of his actions cast into the balance of her discerning judgement, might show the lightness of their own little doings.  
Thus much to the indifferent: But most of our great men did not relish Sir john Perrots stoutness, who stood upon his own feet only without dependency, upon any of them, but the Queen alone, which made them envious of all his good Services, but now their mouths were stopped, her Majesty being satisfied of the truth by so indifferent Relators.  
Now was it found time by the Deputy, to consult how these good beginnings might be prosecuted, and that which was done, might not be everted by the inconstancy of a wavering and yet unbridled people, who being brought by force only to yield to that which is good, will be good no longer than while force constrains them, until their ignorance, how fare the good extends to their own particular, be taken away by their taste and feeling, which in an instant comes not to 
The Deputy writes for Soldiers to be sent out of England.  pass. Therefore to this end he propounded to her Majesty and Council, that six hundred Soldiers might be sent over, whereof 400 to land at Dublin, for supply of the Northern Garrison, and two hundred to be sent to Waterford, to be placed in Monster, all which should be mixed with the old Companies, and maintained by the charge of Ulster, according to their composition, with small addition of payment from her Majesty's Treasure. He likewise propounded, that the large and unbounded Countries of the North, and other parts, might be divided into small Counties, for the better governing of the rude and unruly people, who might learn civility, and know the laws, and by that knowledge be brought to love that, under which they did enjoy their own, whereof they were now ignorant.  

The Deputies offer, if 50000 pound might be spared for three years.  He offered farther, that if 50000 pound might be added to the revenue of that Kingdom, but for three years to come, he would not only therewith support the charge of the State: but wall seven Towns, and build as many Bridges in places now scarce passable, (especially in the Winter) and erect so many strong Castles in places of peril: withal 2000 Foot, and 400 Horse, should be maintained by this allowance, supplied by the Northern composition, during the time.  
This sum, though it seemed great, yet was less than her Majesty many times was enforced to expend for the suppressing of a light Rebellion, and the preservation of her good Subjects, without any other fruit of reformation, or assurance of future Peace: So as this charge (thus employed) would not only secure the whole Country for the present, but make other Service of importance more easy after to be performed.  
He added to these motions, others of consequence for execution of justice, (a chief mean to breed in the people awful love and civility) as that a chief justice of 
The Deputy demands a chief justice out of England.  English birth might be sent over; such a one as for learning in the Law, and integrity, might be a light, and guide unto the rest: whereby the Courts and course of justice might be reduced into order, now governed by such as (for the most part) were either insufficient in the knowledge of the Laws, corrupt in Religion, or partial in their affection, whom he wished might be changed into such as were free from these faulty offences.  

That Tanestry might be abolished.  And that the bad and barbarous custom of Tanestry might be abolished, which custom (amongst the mere Irish only is in use) being that the Son doth not inherit his Father's estate, but most commonly such a one is elected by the Country, in the life time of the Lord, as doth express by valour, and a stirring spirit the best ability, to lead the whole Sept in all their actions, which were most commonly such as were mischievous to the State. Him so Elected, they called their Tawnist, upon which Election happened oftentimes murder and bloodshed, even amongst the nearest of their kindred, besides other innumerable mischiefs. This evil and unnatural custom the Deputy desired to abolish, thinking (as matter then stood) he had both power and opportunity to bring it to pass.  

That charge of Tenors might be made.  He desired that he might be enabled to pass estates unto the Irish, according to the English tenure, upon surrender of their former claims, which would bring them to depend upon the State, and lose them from the tyrannous yoke of their near and great Lords, whereto the Irish seemed in his judgement at this time forward and enclinable.  

The Deputy demands reward for the deserving Soldier.  He concluded with requests for the rewarding, some principal Servitors of that Realm, whom he had found faithful, and painful furtherers of her Majesty's Service, as encouragements for others to do the like.  
To all these motions, both her Majesty, and Council, returneth fair answers, accepting and applauding his Services, giving GOD thanks for his prosperity, and good success therein, to the advancement whereof promises of assistance were given; and in particular to his propositions, gave this resolution.  
Touching the composition made in Ulster, for the maintenance of the Garrison, it was well allowed, as a thing not only tending to the reformation of that Province, but to the reduction of the rest of the Kingdom, with more facility to order, obedience, and civility: To the rest for the most part they did condescend, or at the least gave him such satisfaction therein, as might encourage his proceeding, concluding with praise and promise of reward. 
A smooth letter from the Lords in England.  Which the Queen well knew were the best spurs, to set on so forward a spirit to enterprise nobly in her service.  
The next and principal of his cares, (indeed claiming the first place, and so was it seated in his heart) was to establish Religion, the true supporter of Peace, Obedience, and Fidelity, to which end Letters were addressed to the Bishops, and chief of the Clergy, especially of the English Pale, for the repairing 
The Deputy caused the Churches to be repaired.  and re-edifying of their decayed Churches, as a mean, the better to induce the people unto God's service, where they might be taught their duties to God and their Prince.  
He wrote likewise into England against the 
The Deputy against Bishops in commendam.  granting of Bishoprics in Commendam; showing the inconueniencies that follow the heaping of many Lyving into one hand: for the more sufficient men being employed, the more increase of Religion is likely; and on the contrary, the diminution of Teachers must needs hinder knowledge, and increase ignorance.  
In the second place; Advice was taken, how to bring the rude and unruly people, to be pliable to the Laws (which are the best balances of right, and rules of justice) and to that end Letters were directed to the Lords and Chiefs of account, that their Countries which were large in circuit, might be divided into Counties (in places where now were none, as in Vlfter) and to place Officers therein according to the use and custom of England, as Shreive's, Excheaters, Feodaries, Constables, and the like; whereby the poorer sort of people might be kept from oppression, and speedier justice, with less charge, might be had nearer at home. The ignorant might be instructed what to do, and how to live; The wilful made subject to the rule of Law, or corrected by it. The great men kept from tyrannising over their Tenants and Underlings: and the Inferior sort should know how to support themselves, by lawful means against unlawful Usurpations. This course was consented to by most, and not contradicted by any, but some few of the worst condition, and that rather by secret then open opposition.  

Division of Counties in Ulster.  The Counties thus made in Ulster, were these, Ardmagh Monahan, Tyrone Colerane, Denegall Fermanagh, and Cavan.  
These circuits thus divided and settled into Shires, the Deputy (with the Chancellor) appointed sundry of the best estimation to be justices of the Peace, to whom he wrote to show into what degree of trust they were called, and how important the charge was for her Majesty's Service, and that if in them should 
Admonition to the justices of Peace.  be found such industry and sincerity as was expected, he then saw no cause, but that the course of enormities (which had heretofore run with more impunity than was meet) might be stopped, and the State of that Country brought from good to better; or at least not suffered to decline again from bad to worse, as heretofore in the late broken times it had done. Further assuring them, that as he should be glad to find them to perform their duties; so he gave them to understand, that in which of them so ever he found any crime or defect (whereby so good a Service should be hindered or cortupted) they should be brought under such levere penalty and reprehension, as the Law could any way permit, besides the diminution of their credit, and good opinion.  
This Letter of admonition bare date, the 15 of December 1584., and with it were sent certain Articles of Order, for justices of Peace, 
Orders for the justices of peace, and choice of a Coronor and Constables  to be observed within their several limits, through the whole Realm.  
To these were added an Authority, and Writs directed for the choice of a Coroner in every County, and of two able and discreet men to be Constables in every Barony: besides ●●tty Constables, to be Assistants, and yet inferior Officers in the discharge of their duties.  
These affairs for that Kingdom thus begun, and in some sort settled in the first year 
A Parliament in England.  of this Deputies government, A Parliament beginning in the end of the year in England, and his care continuing to prosecute always for the support of that long vnstayed State; finding but cold success of the promises to his propositions, from the Lords in England, the Ruler of her Majesty's Purse, being loath to advance any, never so important Service, by the expense of Treasure: especially, such a sum, as nothing, but extremity, could make him think meet should be disbursed, (which sparing, indeed, brought extremity to that Kingdom,) he resolved to try what the Parliament would do in so important a cause, and to that end wrote over a Letter, to crave their help for the reformation, and strengthening of that ruinous Realm, which because it was such a zeal and direction to do good, and may perhaps serve for a Precedent, when time shall require; for the further establishment of that State, I have thought good to set down, and insert the Letter itself.  

Sir John Perrot, Lord Deputy of Ireland, to the Commons House of Parliament in England.  

The Deputies Letter to the Parliament in England.  MOst high and Noble Assembly, the duty I own to God, her Majesty, and my Country, and the interest I have in you rproceedings, though I now be not (as often I have been a member of that House) moves me, not only to pray devoutly, that God will bless all your Counsels, but also to think carefully of any thing that I conceive, may be worthy your grave consultation, and tend to the glory of God, her Majesty's Honour, and safety, and strength, and profit of the whole State.  
The malice of the Pope, and all combinations and practices, both Foreign and Domestical thereupon depending, which have been most apparently discovered from all quarters, and of late partly from hence, I humbly leave to be by your gravities provided for, & therefore her Majesty having assigned me (though unworthy) to the charge of this Realm. I am drawn by commiseration to present the torn, and miserable estate of the same unto your views, together with the occasions and means of redress that are now offered, and which it humbly imploreth through your godly and Honourable aids.  
I trust I shall not need to go about to confute the bad opinion, that hath been held of some, concerning the reformation of the same; for I am persuaded, that there is no one amongst you so ungodly, as doth think all mischief sufferable in a Commonwealth, for policies sake; or so ill advised, as not to see the great charge this Realm hath been unto that, and must still breed unto it, while it is in disorder, or degenerate from the Noble courage of our Forefathers; as to doubt that England shall not be able to rule and hold Ireland, being reduced to good estate: For sith all power is of God, and that either of his mercy he establisheth the happy continuance of all well ordered Kingdoms, or of his justice overthroweth, or translateth the contrary. No man that hath any spaike of grace, or reason, can hope that ever England may long enjoy Ireland, if it suffer it in this licentious impunity, to embrewe itself in Heathenish and superstitious Idolatries, Treasons, Rebellions, Murders, Rapes, Robberies, Mischiefs; or doubt, that it may become a strong and profitable ornament to England, if on the other side, religion, duty, obedience, peace, quietness, true dealing, order, civility, may be planted in it.  
Because examples do more persuade sometimes then reason, I humbly beseech you to review the ancient State of this Kingdom, and it will appear by good demonstrations, not unknown to some of that most Noble Assembly, that our Predecessors in a very short time planted in every part of this Kingdom, Cities, Towns, & Castles, whereof do remain yet the Relics even in Ulster (where Barbarism most prevailed) & yielded unto England great yearly revenues; the decays thereof grew from God's heavy hand, visiting the Enemies of that time, first upon England, and consequently upon Ireland, as an appendix by the division of York and Lancaster, the harms (God be praised) is repaired again in England by the happy Union of those two Houses (all being of one Nation; but not in Ireland, where the Irish prevailed against the English, by reason of that division under the factions, raised here for the maintenance of the same, not unknown to some of you that have had the managing of these causes of this State: Much blood hath since been spilt, and an infinite treasure consumed to recover that damage, through a deadly hate conceived between the two Nations, and that not without the maintenance of the degenerate English, whereof the late Earl of Desmond may be an example for the rest.  
This dissension hath been ever since maintained, and lately nourished by the needy Scots of the out Isles, and lately by the Pope's crew under Saunders, upon whom Gods curse prevailed against their Chieftains blessing.  
Thus you see, how this matter hath long hung in question, what misery and mischief hath ensued thereof, and what honour and profit it was, and again would be unto England, if it were redressed.  
It remaineth: I show not only the good occasions, and means thereof now offered; but also the good thereby to ensue, and so to conclude with my humble Petition for your aid. Heretofore the Irish have been jealous of the English, immagining that not themselves, but the recovery of the usurped Lands have been sought, and the degenerate English, as Desmond and some others, have fallen into the same errors, which hath made them to spurn against all Authority, and use the aid of the Scots, almost to their own extirpation.  
But now her Majesty's mercy, and gracious meaning, being publicly denounced upon the overthrow of the Rebels and Foreign Enemies, that her Highness equally ballanceth her Subjects, according to their due deserts, without respect of Nation, as having interest from GOD in them all alike: they see their error, not only in flying from so gracious a Princes and Sovereign; but also in embracing the needy ravenous Scot, that had well-nigh devoured them all. And therefore I am fare from the opinion of those, that would have the Irish extirped, sith I see that the occasion of dissension being now taken away, they are (as I suppose) easily made one with us, and so as likely to be continued, as any other generation whatsoever, that in their place should be planted.  
I make this collection by proof, I have had not only of their willingness, to join with me in the expulsion of the Scots, but also to yield their Lands simply, as many of the best have done, and the rest are ready to do, to be resumed of her Majesty, by Tenors, Rents, and Services, both honourable and profitable to her Majesty, serviceable to the State, and commodious to themselves; which I have made particularly known to her Majesty, and the Lords of her most Honourable Privy Counsel.  
Hereunto I have to add, that they are most willing, and ready to leave old Irish exactions upon their Freeholders' and Tenant's, and to convert the same to Rents certain, whereof what wealth and quietness is like to ensue, I will leave to the report of some of you, that know this State: for I should trouble you too tediously to discourse it particularly.  
I have beside so prevailed with them as well by good dealings, as by overruling them with her Majesty's Forces, that I have won them to entertain English Soldiers instead of Scots; so as I have compounded with the Chieftains of Ulster, for the maintenance of 1000 English Soldiers, and do mean to proceed with the rest, with their content anon, and to their own good, that I hope to have a trained Garrison here in a readiness of two thousand footmen, and four hundred Horse ready for all events, and those in time to be but a small charge to her Majesty, and that Realm.  
Those occasions may in some men's opinion seem good, but uncertain, and so indeed are, as all occasions are, if they be not well taken hold of, and that in time. For the Irish, as all mankind beside, yea, even borne in Middlefex, as naturally slippery, uncertain, and unruly: and therefore the means to be used to make them stayed, certain, and orderly, which are partly by justice, and partly by force: justice may be executed with small boast, but so cannot force, and yet the force I mean is not violable, but benefie all to the whole State.  
The Irish Rebel, and his Scottish partaker, or rather maintainer, do greatly trustin in their advantage of Wood and Bogg, where they run up and down savagely, and in our disadvantage (especially in Ulster the Scot arriveth) through want of Bridges, Towns, and Forts, as well to pursue them, and to keep Garrison against, as also to breed Traffic and good Society, between the well disposed of both the Nations, whereof I of late as others before me have, and do daily find the great discommodity. I have therefore determined there chiefly, and in some part of the Realm beside, to build seven Towns, seven Castles, and seven Bridges in the places hereunder mentioned, which were these, viz▪ the Towns Athloan, Dingle, Colerant, Liffre, Sligo, Newry. The Castles, the black water to be better fortified, Balleshannon, Belleck to be new erected; The broad water in Monster, Castle Merten upon the Rout, Gallin in the Queen's County, Kilcoman in Feagh Mac Hugh's Country. The Bridges, Colerane, Liffer●, Ballishannon, Dondalke; the Broad water in Monster, the River of Veal under Slelogher, Kelles in Clana deboy.  
With those new Buildings, or rather for the most part reparations of old ruins, and those that be already, the Realm will be as it were walled in (as upon view of the Charter) will appear unto you: and by God's grace, I trust not only thereby mutual Traffic and amity will grow, the waste part of this Land may be planned, and peopled with good Subjects, those that be dutiful strengthened and countenanced, and those repressed that are ill affected; but also that the composition already made, or here after to be made for the numbers before mentioned, may be holden good, as also other matters of honour and profit to both the Realms, may be brought to pass.  
But sith this will not be done without some charge, albeit the same be not great, in respect either of the good it will bring, or of some other greater charges hereto fore bestowed, I humbly pray, that I may presume to recommend the same to your most Noble and favourable considerations, which is, for the fifty thousand pounds a year to be had thence for three years together.  
A sum not exceeding her Majesty's yearly charge, one year with another, since the beginning of her Majesty's Reign, and short of her Highness' charges in three years, not long since, by almost 50000 pounds, as may appear by Auditors Books: and as humbly I pray you, that you do conceive, that this my motion doth not proceed from any direction, but only from the cause itself; which I have at Eye, and wherein for zeal and duties sake, I avow, and protest not only to employ my body and mind, but also all that substance that I am well able to spare, which I know will fall out upon me the greatest Subsidy of any Subject in the Land, through the charge that hath, and will arise of my continual travailing to effect these Services from place to place, (for otherwise it will not be done) where I might save by feeling myself in places certain.  
Having thus protested to spend mine own with good contentation, I trust I may easily avoid all opinion of intent, to get by issuing of the money; for I utterly denounce the handling or directing of one penny, otherwise then by the advice of such as shall be specially assigned to that trust with me.  
If our Ancestors, when the world was more needy & bare, did not make stay at great sums to lesser purpose. I trust the present plentiful State of England, will show a frank and cheetefull readiness to advance a matter, that according to the occasion now offered, requireth present help and remedy. I humbly beseech you think what a continual sink both of men and money hath this State been unto that.  
Think also what Foreign Princes have attempted, and do still gape for it, waiting only opportunity, and if they do catch it, what a dangerous and noisome neighbour unto England they will make it. Choke up the sink at once, make one charge of all, conceiving you do but lend so much upon large Interest, and that you cast now your seed into a fruitful ground, that will yield a profitable Harvest, and by your Honourable Magnanimity and care, put down the courages of those ambitious Princes, and stop the course of their ambitious intentions against this Realm, and consequently that. And I (for my part) do avow, besides that small portion of wealth that God hath lent me, to afford my life, well bestowed in that action, with no less care and diligence than I have already used, in the short time of government I have passed, which I trust seemeth not altogether fruitless. And so craving humble pardon, if zeal and affection have any way miscarried me: I humbly end from her Majesty's Castle of Dublin this 17 of january 1584.   
Shortly after, to confirm these conclusions, and to reduce the people to conformity of government, a Parliament (before resolved 
Parliament in Ireland.  on) is now summoned to be held at Dublin, where the Nobility, Clergy, and Commons, being assembled, Order was taken, that none 
Order for Irish apparel, not to be worn in Parliament.  were permitted to go in Irish attire (as in former time they used) but to sort themselves in such habit after the English manner, as was answerable to their several ranks and qualities; and because the charge might breed no difficulty with the chief men in Parliament, to yield to this Order. He bestowed upon Tirlogh Leynogh, the principle Lord of Ulster, and on some others, chief of the Irish, Gowns and other Robes fit for that place, and their degrees; which they embraced like fetters: of which being weary, one of them came to the Deputy, and besought him, that one of his Chaplains (which he called Priests) might go with him along through the Streets, clad in his Irish Trousers: for then (quoth he) the Boys will laugh as fast at him, as they now do at me, whereat though the Deputy could have smiled; yet casting a frown upon his countenance, told him, there was no cause he should think any laughed at him, for wearing those which were fit ornaments for the place he now held, and did present in Parliament: but if any did so, it was at his ill wearing of the same, which want of civil custom caused: Therefore since use would make that seemly, which now was ridiculous, he advised him to view the difference of being fit for all Assemblies, and only fit for the Woods and barbarous Places; but (quoth the Deputy) if any idle or ill affected person shall put the contrary into your head, believe it to be done out of an ill meaning to the State, and worse unto your person, for contempt of order and decency, will in the end be your downfall. This advice was taken either as found good, or out of necessity to be followed: but hereby we may discern that custom, is commonly preferred before decency, and opinion before reason, especially amongst people where civility is unplanted; Withal it is to be observed in the 
The reason, the Irish are unwilling to sort themselves to the English habit.  proud condition of the Irish, that they disdain to sort themselves in fashion unto us, which in their opinion would more plainly manifest our Conquest over them; and this I take to be the cause of their untowardness in this particular, which made the Deputy to set the reformation more to heart, well knowing that the Lords and chief of the Irish, framing themselves in habit and plainness to their Underlings, made themselves the more popular. Willing or unwilling, they were constrained to come to the Parliament in that civil habit, which did best fit the place and present service.  
In this Parliament, which began at Dublin the 26 of April 1585., in the 27 year of the Queen's Reign. Sundry Bills were passed in the first Session, which being Enacted, and new Printed, therefore need here no further mention; but their disputes and differences arose about a Bill preferred in the Commons 
A Bill for the suspension of Poynings Acts.  House, for the suspension of Poynings Act, which passed in the tenth year of King Henry the seaventh, before Sir Edward Poynings then Deputy. That no Bill should pass in any Parliament in Ireland, for a Law, until the same had first a Royal assent in England. This the Deputy would have suspended by Act of Parliament, to the end, that opportunity might be taken for passing such Bills, as the present occasion might offer for the good of the Service, without attending the further resolution of England: whereby the advantage of advancing present Services might be lost, making that by delay more unpassable, which at the present, might easily be perfected: But this, howsoever grounded upon good judgement by the Deputy, was impugned, especially by some chief stirrers in the English Pale, and overthrown by them at the third reading, (who feared perchance, that something might be propounded, and speedily Enacted, which might cross some purposes of their own) and therefore by suspicion were carried to their own prejudice; yet afterwards upon better information (that doubt being cleared) they then seemed more enclinable to the passage of the Bill, and upon demand obtained conference with the Deputy, touching the same, and departed, seeming satisfied in their duties; whereupon the Parliament was adjourned for three weeks. Afterwards notwithstanding the qualification 
The Commons against the Bill concerning Poynings Act.  of this Bill (agreed upon by their Committees) they overthrew it the second time.  
The jealousy, and mistaking of some Lawyers (joined to them of the English Pale) likewise suspecting the repeal of this Statute, was intended for some other end than was pretended, made much contention and dislike about it, and by withstanding it, gainsaid their own profits; for indeed it was preferred to no other end, but to have free liberty, without restraint to treat of such matters as might equally concern the good of that Kingdom, yet such strength hath jealousy and Suspicion to hinder good endeavours, as seeking to avoid harms, prevents the good which is intended, and by a by course runs with a full sail upon the mischiefs feared.  
Notwithstanding, this dissension about Poynings Act (whereof some that did most in public oppose it, did afterwards in private confess their error) yet diverse profitable Acts were passed, both for the private and public in this first Session, which ended the 25 of May, and was prorogued till April following. Amongst the rest, a Bill being preferred 
Prerogation of the Parliament.  for the Attainder of the late Earl of Desmond, and passing his Lands by Excheate to the Crown, received at the first some opposition by the means of one john Fitzedmonds, 
A Bill for the attainder of Desmond passed.  who shown there a Feoffment, made by the late Earl before he entered into actual Rebellion, until Sir Henry Wallop the Treasurer, brought in an Instrument of Confederacy, between the Earl and his Followers, bearing date before the Feoffment, unto which Fitzedmonds own hand was subscribed, which Treasonable subtlety being well weighed, and considered of, the Bill passed without difficulty.  
Soon after the end of this Session, notice was given to the Deputy, of a new practice of 
Alexander Mac Surly's intention to invade the North.  Alexander Mac Surly, son to Surleboys (under the colour of a dissension, between him and the chief Lords of Ulster) to draw again the Scottish Islanders thither, who had prepared in a readiness 400 of those firebrands, daily expected to arrive. And because Tirlogh Leynaugh Oneale, was weakened by want of government, and by age grown unable to rule his people; but much more disabled by his late dependency upon the State, and conformity to the will of the Deputy, through the perverse Nature of those people, growth was given to the Baron of Donganon his aspiring, who quickly took occasion thereby to advance himself into the hearts of those barbarous and State despising people. Therefore the Deputy by the assent of the Council, resolved upon another journey into Ulster, and so speedily performed it, as he was enforced to go with much less power & provision than he had done in the former; setting forwards 
The Deputies second journey into the North.  upon the 26 day of july, and passed speedily as fare as Donganon, in the County of Tyrone, the Barons chief seat. Hither (being by the Deputy sent for) repaired all the Chieftains of Ulster, except those of the Claniboyes, whom he appointed to defend that Coast of the Country, against the Islanders invasion. Oneale with his pretended Vriaghs and Dependants, Odonnell and his Followers, especially Hugh duff Odonnell (the elected Tawnist, or next succeeding Lord of that Country) who brought with him Odogherty, and Sir Owen Otoole, yielded to all his Lordship's demands, which he thought meet to require at their hands; but james Caraugh, a man of account amongst the Donelaughs, and most devoted to Shane Oneales' family, avoided the Deputies 
All the chiefs (saving Bryan Caragh) submit themselves to the Deputy.  presence, of which for the present no great notice was taken.  
At this time the Deputy did perfect the reducing of this Province into Shires or Counties (as was before appointed) by placing and setting bounds (with advice of the Country) to each County. After which, perceiving that the Islanders continued on in their purpose of Incursion into Ulster, he sent one Captain Dawtrey unto the King of Scots, with 
Captain Dawtry sent into Scotland.  Letters to move his Majesty against this their frequent course, of invading the Queen's Dominion, and that if he would be pleased to restrain his people from the same, and to cause restitution to be made of some Irish Merchants goods, taken and withheld in some parts of Scotland, there should be the like correspondency of justice showed to his Majesty's Subjects, coming into Ireland, while he governed in that Kingdom.  

The King of Scots answer.  To this the King returned a Princely answer, signifying that he had received his Letter, which manifested his good disposition to justice, as formerly he had taken notice thereof, by his Order with the Merchants of Scotland, restoring their goods restrained in sundry parts of Ireland; for which good Office he gave him many thanks, promising the like, that the Merchants of Dublin and Carick Fergus (lately rob, or pretended so to be) should have the same course of justice at his hands. As for the restraint of Surleboy, with his brother, their sons and followers, which the Deputy omitted in his Letter, as a point committed only to the credit of the Bearer, the King also promised immediately to direct his Letters to inhibit them upon pain of Treason, from molesting any of the Queen's Subjects; and if they (nevertheless) should attempt the contrary, his Highness would use them as Rebels, and to that end gave Commission to Mac Allen, and the Country thereabouts to rise and prosecute them accordingly; but before the delivery of this Letter (which bore date at Saint Andrews in Scotland, the fourth of August 1585.) or immediately after, and before the King's pleasure could be made known to any his Governors or Subjects. The Islanders to 
The arrival of the Islanders in Ulster.  the number of 400 arrived in Ulster, and joining with Con Mac Neale Oges son, and with those of the Dufferin: The Okelleys, most of the Wood kern of Kilwarlen, Mac Cartines' Country, and with Hugh Mac Felmis son, they had doubled their number within a fortnight to at least 800; such being the condition of that Country people, as to be quickly weary of Peace, wherein the work of civility might be wrought, being a thing as hateful to the Barbarous, as Barbarism and wildness is to a people flourishing in wealth and civility, under a wise Government. So sweet is Idleness to those who have never tasted the fruit of Industry, wherein the Governors of Ireland (for the most part) had hitherto failed, even since the Conquest of the same, neglecting the ways and courses to civilize those called the wild Irish, whereby the English Families (governed according to the custom of England) following the Nature of man, ever inclining to the worse, rather learned rudeness and Barbarism of the Irish, then taught them civility and manners.  
The Deputy hearing of these Scots landing, gave order unto Captain Francis Stafford (a man of a forward spirit, and an extraordinary understanding) for their present prosecution in the neither Claniboy, who with a small force, not consisting of the fourth part of these fugitives, and their partakers, made head against 
Captain Stafford encountered the Scots.  them with 170 Soldiers, besides a few kern; and upon the 28 of july, encountered them in the morning; and according to the lose manner of the Irish fight, continued in skirmish till four in the afternoon, marching on, and winning ground, much to the commendation of the Commanders judgement, and the Soldier's resolution: the custom of these Island Soldiers (if they may be termed Soldiers) is to fly when they be closely followed, and to be fierce, when they are fearfully resisted, or faintly prosecuted; for indeed neither they, nor the Irish, ever gave our Nation defeat, but upon our shrinking from them. At this time Shane Mac Bryan serving upon our side, shown himself forward and faithful to his great commendation. At length Captain Stafford recovered a place of advantage, having in this skirmish lost but eight men, and brought off twelve hurt, and had slain of the Enemy 24 upon the place; and wounded at least 40 more, which the Deputy for the grace of the Captain and his Assistants, gave a praiseful report of into England; where doubtless it was little regarded, in respect of the small show it presented: but considering the State of things as they then stood, it was well done to gain advantage, the war of that Kingdom in those days being acted with small numbers.  
The Enemy being thus with a few, in respect of their number, resisted and beaten back, did afterwards shun place and occasion of fight, putting themselves over the River of Band into Tyrone, from whence by the Deputies direction to the Baron of Donganon, 
Alexander Mac Surly, resisted by the Baron of Donganon.  they were by him, and such Forces as the Deputy had sent unto him, speedily put to retreat, and Captain Stafford with a new supply had them again in chase, which enforced those straggling runagate Strangers to draw back towards Donluce, where Alexander Mac Surly, their chief Commander, supposed he might have had best secure from his Father's friends, or at least by their means might have shipped away into the Lands: but the Deputy being still in the North, and studying their prevention every way; They were constrained to 
Alexander retires to Enishowen.  take towards Enishowen in Odogherties Countries, to draw force out of Tyrconnell for their Assistants: but Hugh duff Odonnell lately mentioned, a man then faithful, or at least standing firm to the State, for his own ends, that by the favour thereof, he might the more surely succeed Odonnell, came to Strabane, a Town of Tirlogh Leynaughs, not fare from 
Odonnell offers aid to the English.  the Lyffar, and acquainted the English there, that Alexander Mac Surly, being at Enishowen with 600 Islanders and others, had a purpose to surprise them at Strabane, knowing by intelligence, that the Companies sent thither the year before were grown weak, and the Captains all absent saving Merryman, who indeed had but 160 able men remaining of the four Companies: and withal, offered to draw a draught upon the Enemy himself, if Merryman would assent thereunto, which Merryman accepted, and enterprised with those few men, marching all night, thinking to take the Enemy unprovided; but contrary to his expectation, he found them under good guard, having (as it seemed) intelligence, or suspicion, of this their coming, or attempt.  
Upon discovery, the Enemy draws out to fight. Merryman finding himself weak, putteth his whole Troop into one Body; Alexander 
Merryman fights with the Scots.  his, into three Divisions, purposing to assault the English upon so many sides at once, and so to overthrow them easily: but in respect the ground gave advantage to the English, he found the work more difficult.  
Alexander being a daring young fellow, and a good Swordman, shown himself in the head of his men, and called for Merryman to answer him in a single Combat, with a Gallinglasse (standing on the outside of the English, saying he was the man) accepted. They encounter, and Alexander's Target being at the first blow by the Gallinglasse Axe beaten 
Alexander Mac Surly kills a Gallinglass.  to his head, was astonished; but soon recovering himself, got within the other, and with his Sword cloven his head, so as he left him for dead; which Merryman seeing, who was not fare off, met Alexander, so as with Sword 
Alexander & Merryman fight hand to hand.  and Target they held for a few blows a good fight: but Alexander being sore hurt by the Captain on the leg, withdrew, and got 
Alexander hurt retires, and his men are overthrown.  himself out of the field to ease and dress his wound.  
The rest of his Company missing their Leader, and losing withal their courage, began to fly, and in the end were utterly overthrown and routed. Captain Merryman making search for Mac Surly, who he knew, was not able to go fare with his wound, found an old woman sitting sadly, of whom he demanded for him: she being terrified by the Soldiers, pointed with her finger to a place where a few Turfs were laid over Hurdles, under which Alexander 
Alexander Mac Surly's head cut off, and sent to Dublin.  was hidden. There they found him stiff with his wound, and using small ceremony with him, struck off his head, which being sent to the Deputy, was set upon a Pole at the Castle of Dublin.  
This Incursion being ended, and the Invaders absolutely defeated, being the second good success of the Deputy in his War, and principally achieved by his presence in the North, which withheld many of the rebellious people, from joining with the Islanders, and especially their Chiefs from giving countenance to their proceeding.  
He was nevertheless upon the sixteenth day of july, contrary to the good and necessity 
The Deputy retires to Dublin.  of the Service, enforced to retire towards Dublin, to provide himself to answer complaints, made by some of the Council there against him into England, who took occasion to inform this his journey, to be an expedition superfluous, chargeable, and unprofitable to her Majesty, and the Country.  

Surleboys submission.  Shortly after Surleboys submitted himself at Dublin to the Queen's mercy, where, one showing him his son's head; he made answer, My son, quoth he, hath many heads▪ alluding (as it seemed) to the Hydra, resembling, indeed a factious and turbulent State, and the disposition of an Enemy, who (living in extreme poverty) will ever be finding means and heads to lead them to better themselves, by the spoil of their neighbours, which the death of this one man could not prevent.  

The Deputy informed against.  Amongst the informations against the Deputy, there was objected, that he had taken strict courses in his government, as requiring the Oath of obedience; appointing Officers to look into men's Patents, Warrants given in the late Parliament, to prefer Bills for making the like Laws, as were in England against Recusants. Causing a Bill to be preferred in the first Session, for the suspension of Poynings Act, to the hazard of stirring up a commotion: Urging that these courses did decline the people from peace to unquietness: Such force had slander got by malicious Envy, as to make a Bee a Spider, and to work that honey without, of the flowers of his judgement and sincerity, he had painfully gathered, to a corrupt poison, as by the woeful effect, it, in after time, too manifestly appeared.  
This information was given against him, by such as he had left in trust for State causes in his absence, especially by the Chancellor, the Archbishop of Dublin, a man of great wisdom and experience, and such a one, as for his parts might well merit the estimation of an extraordinary Statesman and Councillor, and it was pity these good things should be the cause of evil effects; for between him and the Deputy were discontentments grounded upon directions, given by the Deputy in 
The Deputy and Chancellor differ about the erecting of the University.  the last Parliament, for conversion of the living of Saint Patrick's in Dublin, to the maintenance of a College, and University there to be erected: first intended by King Edward the sixth, and now at this time given in charge to this Deputy by the Queen, which he accordingly purposed to prosecute, as a certain foundation of the reformation of that Kingdom; which howsoever the Chancellor could not but in his judgement know and allow of▪ yet in respect some of his kindred, friends, and Allies, were interested in these possessions; he gave great opposition thereunto, pretending the cause to be in right of the Church, whereof he undertook to be the Patron. Likewise (as it seemed) he took to heart the peremptory proceeding of the Deputy, as well in other matters of State as in this, finding himself slighted of that regard, some precedent Governors had yielded him; for he being a Prelate, great in place and made greater by the Offices he had lately borne; now finding that this man's prosperous beginning, carried perchance with a more absolute Authority than others had usually exercised, if it were not crossed, would breed a diminution of his power in that State, by his wisdom already highly planted, preferring his particular too tenderly▪ which to preserve, 
The Chancellor raiseth a faction against the Deputy▪  he fell into contention with the Deputy, and raised a faction against him of some of the Counsel; as Sir Henry Bagnall, (who had married his sister to his eldest son) and others; so that from hence sprung not only private informations, but public crosing at the Council Table, even in things, which, if they had been peaceably handled, might have much advanced her Majesty's Service, and the good of that Kingdom. Such is the State of Ambition, is it never sees any way, but by the stairs of its own climbing.  
The Deputy makes answer to these objections, against his late Northern journey, and the other things already mentioned, especially for the conversion of Saint Patrick's Living, therein indeed lying the most assured root of reformation. Nevertheless, the Lord Chancellor taking upon him (as is said) to be the only Patron of the Church affairs, and knowing his power with the Lord Treasurer of England, in the balance of whose wisdom, most State causes (especially concerning England and Ireland) were at that time cast, laboureth by all means to hinder the Deputies proceeding as well by his Letters which heretofore had been prevalent, as by his Agents who watched the best opportunity, and took the right way of prevailing in Court, which the Deputy not suspecting, or at least not fearing trusting to the weight of his own zeal, 
The Chancellor in England prevaileth.  could not prevent; whereby at length the Chancellor so fare prevailed in that one point, as Letters were written from the Queen and Council, to make stay of the conversion of those Live; withal, advertisement is given by the Queen to them both, that she had taken notice of their contentions, with admonition to for bear such crossing, as must needs give impediment to the public service. 
The Queen reproveth the Chancellor by her letters.  And by her own particular Letter to the Chancellor, in express manner, she commanded a reformation, wherein was to be obsorued, how careful she was of the common good, though the interest of the Chancellors friends in her favour wrought deeply, to the advancement of his particular. But this her gracious admonition was not well followed oney there side; for the Deputy being by nature cholletick, and not able to endure the affronts of an Inferior, especially discerning that the Chancellors particular ends had gained respect above his public, (which to a good Patriots patience was no small mover) could not contain himself upon the provoking words of his wily Adversary, who omitted no means, or occasion that might enforce his intemperance; and so distempered, he so 
The Deputy through choler exceeded himself.  exceeded himself, as he spared not the greatest, by whom he thought himself wronged: which fault of his is judiciously observed by Sir Walter Raleigh, to have been the greatest cause of his overthrow; private misrespect oftentimes swaying in a Prince's heart▪ more then public miscarriage. So the one not brooking an equal, and the other e●●ying a Superior, the bonds of charity, patience, and policy, were by both broken.  
Upon the Chancellors side, the then Secretary (a Moth in all the Deputies garments 
The Secretaries double dealing with the Deputy.  of his time) was factious, who upon the beginning of the Parliament hold in Ireland, was employed into England to negotiate in the affairs thereof, which at the first he seemed well to attend, and desirous that the success of that Parliament might breed the common good: but at length either by the evil of me own disposition, or wrought by the Deputies Adversaries in Court, or the Chancellors instigation, he became from a private Practizer, a public and professed Adversary, for whereas by his Letter of the ●1 july 〈…〉 signified her Majesty's good allowance of the Deputies service in these words. That he had procured general peace, and had gained the people's hearts unto their Prince: but on the ninth of September following, he wrote of the alteration of the Queen's good opinion in some of his Services; which being likewise manifested by some other such his sharp intelligence, and some circumstances: especially her Majesty's own Letters concurring, which he brought over: the Deputy was confirmed in his opinion of the Secretary's factions, and false informing courses against him. Upon receipt of which Letters, being partly admonitory, and partly reprehensive, although the Queen was pleased, to signify therein, that she was well persuaded of his care and diligence, and took in good part all his doings, as proceeding from a special zeal to do her service: yet finding or suspecting a tax withal to be laid on his judgement, in some matters which did arise (as he conceived) from the persuasion of his Euemies, his nature would not suffer him to 
The Deputy writeih to the Queen.  suppress, or conceal his grief. He therefore wrote over unto her, as he had already done unto the Lords of her Counsel, showing the good success of his late Northern journey, with the necessity thereof, and the content of the Council thereunto, and to his proceeding in tendering the Oath of obedience, he pleaded warrant and policy of State, and to all the other allegations, as of Novelties and supposed inconuemencies, he replied: that they were malicious furmises, and without cause of doubt therein, as his Adversary pretended; alleging a dangerous consequence, to breed fear, doubt, and disquietness in the Natives, which were but suggestions, to hinder such services, as would easily be performed without peril; finding now the pride and power of the evil affected Irish, to be altogether abated, and the people inclined to yield conformity unto his commandments. Therefore it seemed fit to him to take the opportunity which the time offered, to work that which former time could not compass. But finding all this (how necessary so ever) crossed by them, which should rather have given furtherance to it, construing his actions astending to innovation, likely to stir dissension, and produce danger. He confessed that he was much disconraged, but yet would pursue his course in the best manner he could (being so restrained.) For the view of men's Charters, wherewith he was charged, he denied that ever he intended, much less practised the Accusers malice and slander. He confessed that he had urged some of them to take the Oath of obedience, and gave his reason for it, for finding their obstinacy, and repugnance to reason in Parliament; he held this the best means to try their sidelily by, concluding with all humility, which tasted something, nevertheless, of passion and grief, for it must needs trouble him to see his zealous care, to assure all things to the good of his Prince, mistaken by the malice of his Adversaries, whose whole aim being but at their own particular, were not so sensible as they should have been, how they everted the public by pudling the water wherein their fish lay. And to strengthen this their information, to the end he might be made the more distasteful to her Majesty, and the Lords of her Counsel. Some of the Lords of the English Pale, are incited 
The Lords of the English Pale write against the Deputy.  to write unto the Queen 15 july 1585., in complaint against the Deputy, that over and beside a composition of two thousand pounds yearly revennew formerly made in lieu of Cess, and other charges claimed to belong by Prerogative unto the State, from the five Counties of the English Pale▪ he intended to impose a second charge of fifteen hundred pound per Anum sterling; so making the yoke of her Government to appear heavy and insupportable. But not long after some of those Lords (finding themselves abused) as the Viscount Gormanstowne, the Lords of Slany, 
The Lords by another Letter recanted their error.  Heathe, and Trimelstene, by another Letter recanted their error, expressing sorrow for mistaking the Deputies meaning, acknowledging his fatherly care of them, & the Country: (for those were the words of their Letter) and that they would not have written against him, neither for the former particular, nor for the suspension of Poynings Act, if they had discerned or understood what they now found of his disposition, to do them, and the Country right. This shows in what a slippery sear they fit, that govern that Kingdom, for Innocence is not always safe, though it be ever best, for it cannot be free from imputation, when it is free from corruption, the under-instruments of State advancing themselves thereby.  
Notwithstanding these complaints, cross and backbitings, the Deputy like a careful Commonwealth's man, and just servant to his Prince, professed he would proceed on to the discharge of his duty, as long as he held that place, esteeming it better to be disgraced for doing well, then to be remiss in doing well. Therefore care is had, to settle a Composition in Cannaught suitable to that in Ulster, begun for the increase of the Crown's revennew, and settling of some certainty in that Province, betwixt the Lords and their Tenants; for the prevention of such mischiefs as had happened formerly, there by their disagreement, and for the reformation of such enormities, as were frequent by the dependency of the mean person, upon the chief Lords.  
To this purpose in the same year, so soon as the late begun troubles of Ulster were pacified, and the other Provinces of Ireland began to be pliable, and conformable to justice and Peace. A commission is directed to Sir Richard 
Commission sent into Connaught for making the composition  Bingham,. the Governor of Connaught, Sir Nicholas White Master of the Rolls, Sir Thomas Lestrange, Charles Calthorpe the Queen's Attorney General, Thomas Dillon Chief justice of Connaught, Gerard Comeford Attorney there, and Francis Barkeley, to enter into a course for procuring a composition with the principal Lords spiritual and temporal.  
The Chieftains of Countries, Gentlemen, and Freeholders' of that Province of Connaught, to pass unto the Queen's Majesty, her Heirs and Successors, a grant of ten shillings English, or a mark Irish, upon every quarter of land containing 120 Acres, manured, or to be manured, as the phrase went, and was significantly set down, that bears either horn or corn, that was, with tillage or cattles, in lieu and consideration to be discharged from other Cess, taxation, or tallage, excepting the rising out of Horse and Foot, for the Service of the Prince and State, such as should be particularly agreed upon, and some certain day's labour for building and fortifaction for the safety of the people and Kingdom. According to which Commission, and the directions therein contained. These Commissioners did travail through the several Counties of Connaught, first calling and conferring with the Lords, Chieftains, Gentlemen, and Freeholders' in their several Precincts and Possessions, to find their dispositions, how fare they were willing to condescend, and yield to such a course, for the satisfaction of their Prince, and freedom of themselves from further burdens, to make their charge certain, and that but small. These things well 
The Commissioners handled the Commission discreetly.  propounded, and discreetly prosecuted: most, and in a manner, all the principal possessors of land in that Province, as they were generally dealt withal, did assent to this contribution for their own ease, as well as for the satisfaction and service of the Prince: of the first themselves were sensible, of the other they had only advertisement from the Commissioners, being well chosen for that purpose; especially, Sir Richard Bingham the Governor, than whom the Queen had not in her Dominions a more able and sufficient Gentleman, and that did more nearly lay his actions to a good conscience, so as he did nothing but by the warrant thereof; and nothing did argue his duty to God, and his Princemore, than his 
The hard cause held against Sir Richara Bingham.  unjust fall, (notwithstanding his prime desert) in that ●nhappy Kingdom, by the depraving and malicious courses of those Instruments, that in time prosecuted the like against him, as they did now against this Deputy, of whom we now treat, till the light of his innocence cleared him (though too late) from their aspersion, & brought him to a new & further advancement in that Kingdom, though his great heart (disdaining the injustice was done him) would not hold out long enough, to prosecute the service which was in his power to perform: but ere I come to relate this tragical misdeed, I must mention his virtuous actions, by which he got the hate of his worthless Adversaries, and must recommend the Earl of Clanrikard, who being a most noble Gentleman, and loyal Subject, was one of the principal in this Service.  
After treaties, succeeded Inquisitions to find what quantity there was in each Barony, 
The covenants between the Queen, and the Lords of Connaught.  and who were found owners thereof. Indentures were drawn between the Deputy in the behalf of the Queen on the one part, and the chief possessioners in the several Precincts on the other, expressing so many quarters and quantities of Land, with the Rents thereon reserved, and such other covenants as were therein contained.  
In the County of Clare and Thomond, the Earl of Clanrikard, the Baron of Inse●●uin, the Bishop of Killalowe, the Elect Bishop of Kilfanorough, with diverse Knights, and chief Gentlemen, subscribed to an Indenture of covenants for the perpetual, paying out of the nine Baronies of that County, amounting 177 quarters.  
Certain Freedoms were granted to some special persons: some quarters of Land to be exempted from this imposition: In consideration whereof, the Lords and Owners of those Lands did likewise covenaot with the Deputy, that the names, styles, and Titles of Captainship chief, and all other Irish Authorities and jurisdictions heretofore used by the Lords, Chieftains and Gentlemen, together with all elections, and customary divisions of Lands (which had occasioned great strife and division amongst them) should be thenceforth utterly renounced, extinct, and abolished. The like composition was made upon the same conditions, with the Lords spiritual and temporal. The Chieftains, Gentlemen, and Freeholders in the County of Maio, containing nine Baronies, and 1448 quarters of Land, every quarter esteemed to be 120 Acres: so that out of this 1448 quarters found in this County, there being granted so much to be free, as there remained 1200 quarters chargeable, which amounted to six hundred pound sterling in that County. There was also by the same composition and covenants, to be maintained by the County for the Service of the Prince, forty good able Horsemen furnished, and two hundred Footmen well Armed, at their own costs and charges, whensoever they should be called, or commanded thereto by the Deputy or chief Governor of the Realm, or by the chief Officer of the said Province, and to find fifteen good Horsemen, and fifty Footmen well furnished, in such sort, as the Peers and English Bishops ought to do the same. The like composition was made for the County of Sligo, & all other Counties, Countries, Baronies, and Territories of this Province. By the eighth of September 1585., the Commissioners had travailed through the Okelleys Country, all Thomond, Clanrickard, Eighter, Connaught, and the rest of the County of Galway, which Mac William Eighter, and the rest of his name, which were of many branches; besides the petty Lords, and other of the second rank in their 
Sir Nicholas White his letter to the Lord Deputy.  Countries: So that as Sir Nicholas White certified to the Lord Deputy, they conceived hope to come home loaden with Pledges, and leave that Country unloaden of many Macks and Oos, translated by their own assent (unto which their hands & Seals were had) to a better course, and more certainty of living, then hitherto they could afford themselves. In the advertisement of these affairs, Sir Nicholas White did propound unto the Deputy an ingenious Enigma or Riddle. That all sorts were eased with their bearing, and yet her Majesty's revenue, with the Live of the Lords increased.  
From the County of Mayo the Commissioners were to repass to the County of Sligo, and so homewards to the County of Roscoman.  

The Commissioners doubtful to meddle with Orurk.  With Orurkes' Country called Letrim, they were doubtful how to meddle, considering the condition of himself and his Country, both uncivil and unruly.  
In those places where they had dealt, they began to erect Manors to hold of her Majesty, besides the Compositions and Royalties reserved unto the Crown. Upon the return of this Commission, and the Indentures thereupon drawn, as formerly mentioned. It appeareth there were found in that Province 8169 quarters of Land, whereof Freedoms were granted to 2339, so than remained chargeable 6836, whereon there were reserved in yearly Rent to her Majesty and the Crown 3418 pound five shillings eight pence sterling, with the Service of so many Horse and Foot, as is already mentioned, and hereafter set down.  
Horsemen for rising out within the Province of Connaught, upon their own victuals. 
224  Horsemen for rising out within the same Province for forty days upon their own victuals. 
88  Footmen for rising out within the Province upon their own victuals. 
1054  Footmen for rising out of the Province for forty days upon their own victuals. 
332   
The Tawnist was cut off in that Province.  
Mac William Enghters Country being the lower Bourkeses, was divided into five parts.  
The Lords and their Tenants were agreed together for a certain Rent, in lieu of all exactions.  
That Province was divided into six Counties or Shires, where there were but three before: for so I find it in a note under the Deputies, Sir john Perrots own hand, yet by another painful Author I see it mentioned, that Sir Henry Sidney made the whole six Counties, Clare, Galway, Sligo, Mayo, Roscomon, and Letrim, then but one, as he had formerly done, the County of Longford in Lemster, being before called the Annaly or Oferralls Country; but I suppose he is mistaken being divided, and 
The Counties of Connaught divided by Sir john Perrot, not by Sir Henry Sidney.  peradventure named by Sir Henry Sidney, but perfected by Sir john Perrot. justices of Assize were ordained, and Shreive's, and justices of the Peace, with other inferior Officers, were established in most parts of this Province.  
This Service so available to the State by cutting off the Inferiors, depending only upon the Superior, was affected beyond the expectation of many, who could not conceive, that Chieftains would easily condescend to quit their cuttings, Cosherias, and other Irish exactions of so long continuance and custom, which the people had borne so long, as they thought it now no burden, knowing no better, & feeling that least wherewith they had so long been acquainted. But now the Chiefs understanding, that they should have freedom of lands instead, & lieu of their Chieferies, & the people by persuasion, brought to believe, and perceive, they should by this means live more free from exaction, both yielded to this composition, which to this day doth continue.  
If this Service had proceeded (as the Deputy intended) as well through the whole Province, as in these parts, and so extended to the rest of the Kingdom: it had surely introduced peace and wealth amongst the people, with obedience, and increase of revenue to the Prince, which at that time might easily have been affected: but the blood and fatal mischiefs threatened unto that unhappy Kingdom, were not to be prevented by the care and industry of this good Governor, whose works (though built upon the strong foundation of zeal, knowledge, and integrity) were shaken by the storms, blown from the breath of his maligners both here & there, using not the Engine of slander only, but like Magicians stirred up every spirit, that might move him to impatience, the already mentioned fault of his Nature. That begot 
The second information against the Deputy.  rash words, which no sooner spoken, but was informed with advantage, which took away her Majesty's good opinion of his zeal, to do her Service, so as his faith was interpreted to be vainglory, which being by him understood, discouraged his proceeding, and finding all his actions (if not slighted) yet brought within the compass of suspicion (a hard reward for so much merit) he was much perplexed: But here his misfortune rested not; for now the most perilous practice of his Enemies began to break forth, which fatally in short time proved his ruin.  

Denis Oroughans' practice discovered.  One Dennis Oroughan, who had been a Romish Priest, counterfeited certain Warrants in the name of the Deputy, directed to all the Queen's Officers within the Realm of Ireland, unto which Warrants the name of the Deputy was set in the usual place of Assignation: In them was a general pardon granted to the Priest, without limitation of time, or exception of any offence, terming the Realm of Ireland and councel thereof, as if they had been his, and he King of it and them, contrary to all usual form, which seemed not to be the Priests own device, because the extraordinary form must needs bring it in question, and thereby make it of no avail to him, but the Priest being a fit instrument, in respect of his offence, and the fit through an extraordinary villainy grafted in him, was wrought by others to take upon him this part, to manifest the Deputies ambition, and thereby make him odious to the State here; which devilish plot was more timely discovered, than the Plotters wished, for the Priest being taken with these counterfeited Warrants (upon other suspicion) and brought before the Archbishop of Cashell, who taking pains in the examination of him, discovered that these Warrants were written by one Henry Bird, Register to the high Commission. Advertisement was given hereof to the Deputy, a Commission thereupon was directed to the Lord Primate, Sir Henry Wallop, and Sir Nicholas White, to call Bird before them, and to make search amongst his papers thereby, as by his examination, to find the meaning of these counterfeited papers of warrant. At first he denied the writing of the Warrants, but afterwards being tripped in his Answers, he confessed he wrote them; but stiffly for swore the subscription of the Deputies name thereto, which (as it should seem) was done by the Priest himself, for he was the man that after accused 
Denis Oroughan, the false Author of Sir john Perrots accusation in England.  the Deputy in England; upon which he was condemned: so as either the Deputies own remissness in severely punishing this man, or his Adversaries underhand protecting him from his deserved punishment, gave scope to his detestable accusation, which the villain 
Denis Oroughans' repentance.  a little before his death (being not many years since) confessed with a seeming remorse for his so falsely accusing an Innocent, by the procuring of others, who were never known in this world, to repent their misdeed, how they answer in the next, is only known to God himself: but it is a fearful thing to observe, what power such false persons often have to prevail against the most innocent, even in the justest Commonweals, which neither the wit of man, nor any thing, but the miraculous hand of the highest can prevent or discover▪  
Another practice about this time, or shortly after succeeded against him, which though it were not so dangerous, yet it troubled him no 
The Deputies secrets bewrayed.  less, being a means to prevent his intended Services, for his Letters and secrets being bewrayed by (as it should seem) john Williams, his own Secretary, unto his Adversaries, and by them communicated unto others, whom they concerned, her Majesty was defrauded of her Service, and he brought into suspicion amongst those, where the way of his prevailing lay: upon the first notice thereof he wrote unto the Lords of the Council in England, who thereupon gave commandment unto the Lord Chancellor, and the Bishop of Meath, to make the Authors known of that discovery, showing the dangerous consequence that followed such practices of publishing secrets, which did concern the State; but they for some particular respects (as it should seem) disobeyed that commandment, though the Queen herself did after expressly require it to be done. And withal, she wrote unto the Lord Chancellor, charging him to forbear contestation with the Deputy, which could not but hinder his service, and embolden evil affected persons, disposed to resist the power of her Governors, when they should discern such contention amongst those, that were chief in authority.  
Shortly after the Baron of Donganon went into England, who having been brought up with the English, shown always forwardness in the Queen's Service against Tirlogh Leynaugh, and Shane Oneale, in times of their disobedience, wherein his special aim was only his own advancement into their title and place, they once suppressed.  
Coming into England with the fair show of his former Services, he professeth future fidelity in himself, and adviseth (under colour of the Country's peace and quiet) a suppression of the exorbitant Title, and jurisdiction of Oneale, which notwithstanding he afterward assumed and extorted unto himself, though a known Bastard, taking advantage of the lose hand was held upon the Irish in Ulster, and the corrupt Government at that time in the State, as shall in his due time be made manifest; with this profession of Service; and by applying himself to the greatest in power, and grace at Court, he gained the Queen's favour, and 
The Baron of Donganon created Earl of Tyrone.  was created Earl of Tyrone: but hereat his ambition was not leveled, for the name of an Earl was not the thing he aimed at; but, as is mentioned, the barbarous Title of Oneale, for 
Tyrone his ambition to be Oneale.  he hath been oft heard to say: I had rather be Oneale of Ulster, than Philip of Spain, who in the Papists reckoning, is the greatest Monarch of the world: and as Tirlogh, than the Tawnist Oneale grew in weakness and impotency: so this new created Earl did more and more aspire to sit in his room, within process of time he obtained; so as the Queen's policy in making him Earl, to outcountenance the Title of Oneale, made him potent to gain it, and thereby to prove the greatest firebrand that ever that Kingdom had.  
Not long after the Composition of Connaught 
The Burks repenting their Composition.  before mentioned, some of the Burkes, with others of that Province better discerning the policy of the State then at first, or at least taught to interpret it so, by the persuasion of the Priests, now fearing that their usurped power over the people, would be diminished (preferring power to do mischief in after time, before their present profit and plenty,) fell into counsel and consideration, how they might undo the knot the State had almost tied, and proceeded to a promise of combination to the same effect, whereof the vigilant Governor Sir Richard Bingham taking light, advertised the Deputy, and from him received advice, not to provoke the people, by giving them any just occasion of offence; but to try by all fair persuasions and politic means, that they might be held in obedience, and to persever in such courses of conformity; as they had lately yielded & submitted themselves unto: for this purpose Commissioners are sent to hear their grievances, and to yield 
A second Commission sent into Connaught, to appease the Burks.  them right upon their just demands, (but this course indeed, because it argued fear in the State, made them holder in their practices.) The Commissioners were the Archbishop of Tomb, the Bishop of Meathe, etc.  
These Commissioners heard their complaints, which proved most against the Governor, and his under Officers, somewhat they exhibited for their own claims, alleging Interest. They were offered right, and persuaded to obedience, which they promised, but did not long perform: for the matter of their usurped and customary authority and superiority (being of more value in sound and show, then in substance) did so over-possesse them, as they not long after entered into a second conspiracy, for the maintenance of that their lawless intrusion, which being shaken by the composition, they intended now to hold by force.  
And for the better effecting this evil and Traitorous enterprise, they persuaded the Clandonnells, Ioyces, and others (that Sir Richard Bingham had already taken from them their ancient Liberties, and was ready to do the like unto all others in that Province, if it were not prevented, and therefore entreated them to join in action of Rebellion for their future Freedom.  
Thus they began to assemble, and to gather troops, amongst whom the sons of Edmond 
The Burks enter into an Insurrection  Bourke. of Castlebarry, being many were Partisans, and so entered into an insurrection. This Edmond, an old man, was one of the Competitors of the Mac William Shie; His sons with Edmond Kettaugh Burke; Richard Burest son unto him, called the Devil's ●ooke, Meyler Oge Burke, Walter Mac David Barie, Cayhir Mac connel, and others, associating unto them many idle persons their followers, entered a Castle called Castle ne Kelly, manned the same, and kept it against the Queen, with Thomas Roes Castle, which after his decease was in the hands and possession of his brother Richard Burke.  
About this time Mahone Obryan held a Castle called Clan Owen in Thomond, against the State, who was a dangerous and great practizer with foreign power, for the Invasion in 
Sir Richard Bingham besieged Clan Owen.  Ireland. This Castle the Governor Sir Richard besieged, and after seven days siege won it, and slew Mahon Obryan. The siege was all by water in Boats, for it could not otherwise be attempted, the Castle being seated fare within the Logh upon a small Island, where Sir Richard going about to burn a Boat or two belonging to the Rebels, that lay close to the wall of the Castle, was enforced with sudden rising of wind and foul weather (which much favoured the Rebel) to leave the attempt, with the loss of one or two of his Boats, and two or three of his Soldiers: Himself & such as were with him, hardly escaping, by the help of other Boats, which came as they were appointed in time to second him. The Boat which he lost, the Rebels got, in which they shipped themselves, and fled into the Woods, before he could return to give them a new assault.  
This Pile, and another of Fardara●gh Mac donnels, Sir Richard razed down to the ground, as held not fit to be kept by the English, and dangerous to be in the hand of the Irish.  

Richard Bourk hanged.  Richard Bourke called the Vsule of Ireland, was at Castellne Kelly, hanged by Marshal law. Information being there given, that he was confederate with the Rebel, and under pretext of dutiful obedience, and visitation of the Governor, intended to betray him and his company.  

Some of the Burks sent to call the Scots.  The Burkes again gather greater forces, joined with their other confederates, and the more to manifest their malice, they murdered fifteen or sixteen of the Officers of Connaught, and sent Edmond Kettaugh Burke, with john Iteleaga, brother unto Walter Kettaugh Burke, to practise with the Scottish Islanders, to draw them thither to their aid, whereof the Deputy being advertised, sendeth directions to the Governor, to raise what Forces he could in the Province for the present, promising to send him supplies with all possible 
The Deputy promiseth to come to the Governor.  speed, and to come himself in person, if the necessity of the Service so required; but therein he reckoned without his Host, for his Adversaries, 
A plot to restrain him.  finding his former success, to have gained him great reputation, whose increase might make him too powerful to be shaken by their plots, had procured Letters of restraint to be sent out of England, to prohibit him to do any thing, without the assent and approbation of the Council.  
The Governor with such Forces as were then in pay in the Province, and some other aid of the Country began upon the 12 of july 1586, to draw towards the County of Mayo, and came to Ballincrobe, the fourteenth of the same, whereall the Gentlemen best affected in the Country met him, as the Earl of Clanrikard, the Lord Bremicham, Sir Hubert Mac Davie Teige, Okelly, with many others. Thither came the Captain's Mostian, Merryman, and Mordant, with their Companies sent by the Deputy to supply him.  
Commissioners are likewise appointed to parley with the Burkes, but could not prevail: 
The Burks proyed by the Governor, & their F rces overthrown.  Whereupon the Governor prosecuted them, and took from them 3 or 4000 Cows, whereof 1000 are reserved by the Governor, towards the defraying of extraordinary charges in that Service, done by him for the easing of her Majesty's Charge, but reported by his Adversaries to be converted to his own use. The rest were distributed amongst the Forces; in the taking of this prey, were of the Rebels slain six or seven score, the rest were dispersed, and forced to sue for pardon.  
Hereupon the Governor discharged the Kern, and dismissed the rest of the Forces, all saving his own Horse, and three Companies of Foot.  

The chiefest of the Galloglasses make their submission.  Euston Mac Odonnell, chief of the Galloglasses, made his submission, and gave his son in Pledge for himself and his Sept.  
Edmond Bourke, Mac Richard Euerren, (son to the last Mac William but one) gave his son for Pledge in like manner: But the sons of Edmond Burke of Castlebary, persisted in Rebellion, purposing to make their Father, Mac 
Edmond Burk of Castlebary executed.  William, wherein they continued, till their Father was Executed, by the course of common Law; so done, that his Lands might be excheated to the Crown, being of good value, which could not have been, if he had died by Marshal law. After whose death, his sons offered to submit themselves, upon condition of restitution of their Father's Lands, which the Governor referred to the Lord Deputies resolution and pleasure.  
As the Bourkeses (by the well advised & quick prosecution of the Governor) were reduced to a low estate (few of them being now able to make head:) news came that the Scottish Islanders 
The Scottish Islanders land.  were arrived in the North, being drawn by Edmond & john Burke afore mentioned, in the name of all the rest of the Sept of Burkes, to invade upon condition of having part of that Province to inhabit in, after the expelling of the English by their aid and assistance. The number of these Invaders were uncertain, being by some estimated to be 2700, and by others little above 1600, being perhaps made more than they were by the hope of the Rebel, and fear of the Country. Upon their landing, they marched speedily, as fare as the River of Earn, towards Sligo.  
Of this news, (hindering the peace of Connaught for the present) the Deputy was by Sir Richard Bingham advertised, withal that he had not sufficient power to resist so great a number as these Invaders, with the Rebels, 
The Governor durst not trust the Irish of the Province.  their Assistants were, neither durst he rely upon the aid of the Provincial Lords and Gentlemen, who for the most part were allied to the Rebel Burkes, the Inducers of this Invasion, to which he received answer from the Deputy, to the same effect he had formerly received upon the first making Head by the Burkes.  
Upon this the Governors' intelligence, it was debated in Council at Dublin, whether the Deputy should go in person, with such power as could be there provided, to assist the Governor, which the forward Deputy alleged, to be most necessary, for the better countenancing of the action, since his presence was most likely to disunite the Rebel from the Inuador, (as it had formerly done in Ulster) and so make the War more easy. Hereto 
The Deputy and Council differ about his journey to Connaught.  much opposition was given by some of the Council, and those not of the meanest: so as that the more earnest he was to undertake the enterprise, the more stiff they were to withstand it, alleging for their reasons, that the number of the Invaders were not so great as was reported; and therefore it was inconuevient to put the Queen to such a charge, as an Army would require to attend the Deputy in person: Nevertheless, the Deputy with some of the Council, sought to persuade the contrary, considering Sir Richard Binghams' diffidence in the assistance of that Country people, the weakness of his Forces there (especially English) the number of the Invaders being certainly known to be above 1600, besides the daily supplies of the evil affected Irish, so as it could not but be dangerous, not only to that Province, but to the whole Kingdom, to hazard a fare greater charge after, by the sparing a little now. Besides, the not taking time which is the mother of good success; but celerity one of the strongest finewes of action, was not understood by Clergy men and Lawyers; to one of which professions delay breeds profit, and the other were contented, any mischief might be hazarded; so as their own ends might be achieved, who well knew withal, that the saving of Charge would make a strong excuse in England, for any error might happen thereby, which providence proved always improvidence, & begot 
The Council conclude the Deputy shall not go in person, of which he complaineth to the Queen.  much mischief in the Wars of Ireland: so it was concluded (the greatest numbers of voices carrying the resolution) that the Deputy should not go himself in this Expedition, nor send any extraordinary force, until the sequel, should express the necessary increase of her Majesty's Charge; wherewith the Deputy being much discontented, and finding himself limited to their opinion, complaineth himself to the Queen, and some of her principal Counsellors; That his Authority (formerly allowed, both by Patent, and the practice of his Predecessors in that place) was not a little abridged upon some suggestions (as he conceived) of his evill-willers, who to work his disgrace and discontentment, had informed many things amiss of him, which were the motives of this unexpected or undeserved restriction. And in this particular Service, he expresseth his grief, that the Invading Islanders, being, as Sir Richard Bingham in one Letter advertised, above two thousand, and therefore craved speedy aid: And in a second, being doubtful of his Provincials, request English to be sent unto him, he found it perilous, the Governor and his small force should be hazarded in this Straight; beside, the chief Charge of the Goveruement lying upon him as Deputy, who was to encounter all eminent accidents of danger; for the prevention of which, he had at this time a purpose to go himself in person, knowing that his presence, besides the power he should bring with him, would have given countenance to the work, strengthened the good Subject, settled the fickle, and secured not only that Province, but others there about; yet he was restrained by most of the Council, as by their opinions under their hands did appear, and must abide at home whatsoever should happen, whence (as he conceived) must needs grow contempt of his Government in the English, and disobedience in the Irish. He therefore declareth plainly, that notwithstanding 
The Deputies resolution against his restraint.  this Tie upon him by direction, if he found any manifest danger to the State, which he greatly feared, he would rather undertake a journey without the Counsels allowance (though to his own peril and prejudice) then hazard both that Province, and consequently the peace of that Kingdom, by sitting still, when there was most need of his stirring.  
By this time the Islanders being joined with the Bourkeses and others, who flocked fast unto them, resolved to enter into Connaught▪ their Force now amounting to almost 3000.  
Sir Richard Bingham at the first, either to settle things in the safest manner he could, or to gather more force, being in expectation to receive speedy supplement from the State, went not with all his strength against them, perhaps knowing himself unable to encounter so many, and being not throughly assured of such as should come to serve him of the Irish Forces 
The Governor dispatcheth the Earl of Clanrikard, & then goeth in person himself against the Scots.  raised there, dispatched the Earl of Clanrikard, (in whom he reposed good confidence) and in respect of his faith and worthiness had good reason, with some few Horse, and three Companies of Foot, joined with his brother George Bingham, than Shireffe of the County of Sligo, who had lately levied some Shot and Horsemen, before the coming of the Earl.  
They being thus united, were directed to stand upon their Guard, and to coast the Enemy as he should march.  
Sir Richard himself speedily hasteth after, and cometh to Sligo, and in his way at the Abbey of Aboylehe, found Sir Thomas Lestrange with the Rising out of the Country, whom he left to defend those parts. At Sligo he was informed, that the Islanders lay still at the River of Earn, some on one side, and some on the other, that Sir Art Oneale, and Sir Hugh Macguire, had sent them aid, so that their number was much increased.  
The coming of the Governor to Sligo, and the pacification of the County of Mayo being bruited, made their abode the longer about the River of Earn and Bundroys, to expect more aid from their Confederates, and to procure that some new stir might be raised within the Country, whereby the Governor might be enforced to divide his forces.  
The Governor on the other side lay at Sligo, and the Curlews about fourteen days, expecting supply from the Deputy. In the mean time the Enemy draws on by little and little through Orurkes' Country towards the Curlews, with intention to pass that way into Mayo. And one night proving dark and tempestuous, 
The Scot● passed by Sir Richard's forces.  they passed on that way near Sir Richard's Forces, who upon notice they were a foot, drew out to see their countenance, and came so near, as himself being Armed under his Cassock, was shot with many Arrows, that hurt him not. They passed on, seeming yet unwilling to give him Fight, (which in respect of his small force, gave him the advantage of discerning their fearfulness) and escaped by a Foard unknown.  
Sir Richard with his Company marched into the Barony of Magherie Leavy, chief to preserve the prey of that Country; from thence he marched through the Plains, a way contrary to the passage of the Enemy, which this advised Captain did on purpose to breed 
Supply is sent from the Deputy to the Governor.  their security. At length there came some Companies of Foot, and fifty Horse sent from the Deputy to supply him, before their arrival, and upon opinion that Sir Richard was retired; The enemy being encamped at Ardnarey, proclaimed that the Country was theirs, and that the Governor was returned in fear to Roscomon, and that all his forces had forsaken 
A good Stratagem of the Governors.  him, which Sir Richard caused to be reported to them as a truth; and suddenly so soon as he knew their abode, and that they were grown secure, marcheth with speed and encamped within twelve miles of them, whence he rose before break of day, and came within two miles of their Camp, before nine of the Clock in the Morning, with his Horse, where he made a stand a while, for the coming up of the Foot; then passed on with such silence & celerity, as he approached their Camp within half a mile before they knew any thing of his coming; assuring themselves by rumours, that he durst not attempt them: so that his Scouts, which he had sent before to discover how they were lodged, fell in upon them unexpected, and gave them a fearful Alarume; who being thus surprised, standing without any guard, did nevertheless, strive to make head, but Sir Richard charging, and recharging them with his Horse, kept them in disorder, which they assayed to amend, by drawing toward the Bogg, where they might avoid the force of the Horse, but Sir Richard knowing before that he should drive them to that shift, had sent his brother Captain john Bingham with the Foot to approach them that way; who meeting them, they were charged both in Front and 
The Scots defeated.  Flank, which quickly disordered them wholly, and so broken, were soon dismayed, and put to rout; neither did he leave them any place of safety to fly unto, but forced them to take the River where such as were not slain by the sword were drowned, none escaping of above 3000, excepting some fourscore, part of whom were slain by George Bingham, and the rest by their friends the Burkes, that had drawn them thither, who thought that the best means to insinuate with the State, by such being the reward which the partaker of Treason may expect from the Traitor, yet a few, some 6 or 7 escaped by the wily conduct of Shane Mac an Earl, a Bastard of the Earl of Kildares.  
Before this discomfiture was given, the Deputy fearing the Governors' strength, was not great enough to encounter the Enemy, in respect of their number, (which indeed had not been, if he had been an ordinary Commander, and not so judicious and experienced a Captain, as few of his time was like him) raised more power, and marching towards Connaught, notwithstanding the Counsels opposition, but by the way, being come as fare as Mullingar, he heard of their defeat by Sir Richard Bingham, when 
The Deputy discontented, that he came not time enough to overthrew the Scots himself.  it was a question whether he were more glad that the Service to her Majesty was performed, or sorry that himself in person was prevented of the honour thereof; which doubtless besides the greatness of his spirit, for other causes he much desired, as well to manifest the Counsels error in dissuading his journey, as to satisfy his friends in England of the necessity thereof; so as he could not choose but emulate the Governors' good success; who on the other side made the more speed in his business, not only to gain the honour, but to show the State, the benefit of his long experience.  
By this victory, whereby the bed of Rebellion was in that Province, at that time broken. The Deputy had less cause to make any long abode there, where he remained but ten days, taking order for such affairs, as the present State of the Country, and particular men's causes and controversies did require: wherein he made the more speed for the ease of the Queen's Charge, upon which providence, most unwisely, his ignorant Adversaries through malice, insisted, for much more time might otherwise to good purpose have been spent, in rooting out the original cause of this Invasion, and securing the after time of any the like Confederacy. But all things being now whist, and no commotion at that time appearing, the Deputy retired to Dublin, to answer his Adversary's devices against him, 
The third Information against the Deputy.  there being now matter given them to work on, by his uncontrollable departure thence.  
There the Deputy bent his course to satisfy all the Subjects in their just complaints, amongst which some private Injuries were alleged to be done in the County of Cavan, by the Collectors of the Queen's Rents. The Examination and Writing whereof, was by Commission referred to Sir Henry Duke, and others.  

Complaints in the County of Cavan redressed.  The Tenants of the several Baronies within the said County, exhibited their several complaints against Patrick White and William Brataugh, Collectors; most of the offences alleged were trivial, as the taking of distresses, being of greater value than their Rents amounted to, with the laying more Cess, for Horsemen and Boys, upon the Country, (which did accompany the Collectors & their Sergeants) then was meet for that Service.  
These things being examined, and the proofs returned by the Commissioners, the Deputy, though he saw them to be but of small moment: yet he gave order for the Complainers satisfaction, with express Charge for the no more committing of such oppression, which ministered good contentment unto the Country.  
Shortly after, upon like complaint the like Commission was directed unto certain justices 
Complaint against Francis Lovel, Sheriff in the County of Kilkenny.  of the Peace, in the County of Kilkenny, upon allegation made by the Earl of Ormonds' Officers against Francis Lovel, Sheriff of that County, that he should execute & put to death by Marshal law diverse persons, out of malice and evil will, for his own private gain, who were out of the compass of Marshal law, having both Lands and Goods, whereunto the Queen might have been entitled upon due offence, if proceeding against them had been at the common law, whose goods he had gotten into his own possession, to the defrauding of her Majesty: Withal that he had omitted the apprehension of diverse Malefactors, such as were notorious disturbers of the Country and common peace.  
To which Commission the Deputy added instruction to the justices, who were to examine the particular complaints, and all parties thereupon, & to return the proofs produced (with their proceed therein, by a certain prefixed time, under their hands closely sealed, that they should carry themselves justly and sincerely, with especial care to avoid exception. This was accordingly performed, the Sheriff being present, & the Earls Officers appointed their time to bring their witnesses:  
At which time the persons names, their offences, abilities, and qualities examined, who had been executed by Marshal law: the jury found that the parties so put to death, were justly proceeded against, and not maliciously, as was informed, they being Vagabonds, having no Goods or Lands: Save only one Patrick Beg Baron, who at his Execution, was possessed of some small things rated at a very little value, whereof part was restored unto the true owners from whom they were stolen, and the rest being but of the value of twenty shillings, were divided between the Sheriff and his Officers.  
They found likewise that the Sheriff had not omitted to do his endeavour, for the apprehension of any notorious malefactor, or received any reward; but proof was offered of a gift given to the Sheriff's wife, to persuade her husband not to prosecute a Carpinter, who was charged to lodge one Peiree Grace, a man then out in action of Rebellion. The book of Articles exhibited against the Sheriff, with his several answers, was showed unto Hen. Sheath, the Earl of Ormonds' Steward, and he willed to consider thereof, that he might inform the jury, and provide his proofs; but he refused, alleging he had not sufficient time so to do: whereupon the jury returned their verdict, and the Commissioners sent the same, with their 
Francis Lovel cleared.  proceed unto the Deputy, who upon perusal thereof, finding no cause to condemn, but to clear the Sheriff, signified so much unto the Earl of Ormond; and withal, that he was glad to see an English Gentleman, as Lovel was, serving in that Country, especially in that Office, charged with so great abuses, to acquit himself so well.  
This with some other such passages, (which did cross the Earl's Officers, using absolute, and in a manner, unlimited Authority in their Master's Dominions, especially in the next 
The Deputy and the Earl of Ormond at odds.  County adjoining, which was his Palatine) bred some dislike between the Earl and the Deputy, which in time grew to a heartburning, though in former time they had been ancient and inward friends, but now the profit and command of the one being questioned by the Authority of the other, converted friendship into enmity.  
Though at this time there were a general tranquillity through the Kingdom of Ireland, yet it could not be but some corrosives must remain harboured in the minds of men, either misliking good government, which tended to the diminution of their own powers, or envying the Authority of others over them, or carried away with personal quarrels, or particular respects, which would easily induce an attempting spirit to break the bond of peace and loyal duty.  

Walter Reughs entering into Rebellion.  Of such at this time one Walter Reugh Fitz Morice, a Geraldine, but not of the right line, (degenerating from the race he pretended to be descended of) entered into actual Rebellion. This man upon some great discontent, and an evil disposition in himself, with as bad an affection to the State, associated to him: company of lewd and filching people, then committing stealths in the Country. With these he betook himself to the Woods and Bogs, being the fastnesses of the Countries, Kilkenny, Waxford, and some parts of Leix. His party in short time increased by the resort unto him of some of the Oburnes and Tooleses, with whom one night by force he entered the house of john Asman▪ dwelling in the Moroughs Country whom they murdered, and preyed of all the Cattles, Sheep, and Goods he had about his house, which murder and spoil was suspected to proceed from the Conspiracy of some descended of the English, who upon private grudge and malice had drawn the Rebels to fall upon him; upon examination whereof some were apprehended as culpable. Walter Reugh himself was so straightly pursued (by the Deputies special direction) as from thence he was enforced to fly to the Mountains, where he endured great misery; yet in the end upon his humble and earnest suit, putting in 
Walter Reugh pardoned.  pledges for his future loyalty, he obtained pardon.  

The division of Desmonds' Lands into Signories.  About this time Commissioners were sent out of England, to divide Desmonds' Lands, which after an exact survey made of all the Lands, were divided into Signories and half Signories, and disposed to diverse personages of good quality of the Kingdom of England: but in this the Deputy had no hand, which, as he had cause, he took to be a discountenance to his Authority, and Place, wherein he felt the Queen's displeasure.  

A Regiment of Irish sent with Sir William Stanley into the Low-Countries.  Not long before, a thousand of the Irish were sent into the Low-Countries, under the command of Sir William Stanley, by an especial direction out of England, and at the same time, order came to the Deputy for the cashiring 
Order for the casting of the Forces in Ulster.  of the Ulster Forces, which the Deputy had raised by Composition, as is formerly mentioned: Two acts, as pernicious, as that time could afford, to the public Service, as the sequel made manifest; for the first not only proved the loss of a worthy Gentleman, who had valiantly and successively served in that Kingdom. He meeting in the Low-Countries with sharper conceits than his own, and finding him ignorantly wavering between two Religions, fastened him to the worse, and consequently made him to the State, a Traitor; against whom he hath since done great mischief, proving one of the best Captains under the Spaniards Command. Besides, those Irish that went with him, have been a Seminary of Traitors to afflict that Kingdom, of whom some yet live to threaten no less hereafter.  
And the other, those Forces in Ulster so cast, was not only the pulling of the bridle from the heads of those inconstant people, which no sooner off, but they ran headlong again into new practices, but likewise proned a treble charge to her Majesty in ensuing time, as more particularly shall be expressed in the story following, yet the chief reason alleged, for their disbanding was the ease of the Queen's charge, who was informed, that it was a needless thing to keep Garrisons in time of peace; and this burden laid upon the Country, would in time break the people's obedience in those parts, where they began already to grudge.  
Thus much the Queen signified in a Letter, partly written with her own hand, unto which she was wrought by such as were adverse to the Deputy, and desirous to weaken his work in that Kingdom, whose envies were set the more on fire by the wily tricks of Tyrone, who took this opportunity to lay the foundation of his ensuing rebellion, finding their hearts bend to use all means that might extenuate the Deputies merit, and weaken his Government.  
This Letter of the Queens, as it raised wonder in the Deputy, knowing it tasted not off her high judgement; so it gave grief to him to see such preposterous Counsels take effect against his faithful endeavours, which 
The Deputies Letters by Sir William Stanley to the Queen and Council.  he took occasion to express by his Letter, upon the dispatch of Sir William Stanley, wherein he signified he had performed her Majesty's pleasure, but could not suppress his grief, nor in duty conceal that, which he conceived would prove perilous to her Service, and disgraceful to himself in that place of Authority, he held under her Majesty, especially for removing the Garrison of the North so soon in a State so unsettled. And although the submission of the Chiefs, with the general obedience of the people, did seem to promise nothing but peace, yet considering the attempts of her Majesty's foreign Forces, and the fickleness of that people (newly brought to a show of conformity) he could not assure their loyalties, much less establish such things as he had begun, and further intended for the good, and advancement of her Majesty's service, and that these Soldiers being thus cashiered (who were a tye upon such as had minds to be troublesome) which were 900, her Majesty being at charge but of little more than 800 pound a year, the rest being bome by the Country. So that now her charge being reduced to the rate it was at his coming to the Government, before the raising of Forces, to resist them that did rebel, and invade Ulster, he wished that this saving did not 
The Deputy writeth to be recalled from the government, or admitted to the Queen's presence.  prove an after spending of greater sums, with more peril to Her and her Country.  
He likewise wrote after his plain and passionate manner to the Queen, that her sharp reprehension, and restraint of his government, with some tax laid on his judgement, made him now stand to the world, vasit (as he always conceived of himself) to manage the weighty affairs of such a place, and therefore he besought her that she would be pleased to revoke him thence, or at the left to lycenoe his access unto her presence, as well for answering the calumniations of his Adversaries, as to discover some things for the furtherance of her service in that Kingdom; proffering (If 
The Deputies offer to bring over the Irish Lords.  her Majesty were so pleased) to bring with him the Lords, and chief Irish Commanders of that Country: so that she would be pleased to disburse 3000 pound, ready for them to receive at their landing in England, to defray their charges (they being owners of much Land and Cattell, but not of money) which should he repaid at reasonable prices in Beefs, for her Majesty's profit in the payment of her Forces there. This he thought would make much for the furtherance of her Majesty's service, since the chief men of that Kingdom coming over in that sort, should take their Lands by such tenure, as her Highness should prescribe, whereof diverse of them had already made offer unto him. Besides, it would be a greater honour unto her, to have more of the greatest and wildest Chieftains of Countries in Ireland, to prostrate themselves and their estate, at her Majesty's feet and pleasure in England, then ever had been performed to any of her Noble predecessors.  

The Deputies offer silenced.  But this complaint and offer so made unto the Queen, was silenced, and took little effect, either through the underhand-working of the Deputies Adversaries, or else through the press and multitude of weighty affairs then in hand in England, to defend the Netherlands, and to prevent Invasion, with other perils threatened to her Majesty and her Dominions, which might perhaps put out of mind, or at least, set back for the time, the consideration of that, which at this season did most concern Ireland.  
Within short time after, the Companies of Soldiers were removed out of Ulster, save such as remained with Tirlogh Leynaugh at his request.  
Some of the Northern Lords took occasion and opportunity hereby, to show their willingness to do evil, rather than be idle; now they saw the force was gone which was 
A stir in the North upon the casting of the Forces.  wont to rule their disorders. Amongst which, dislike and complaints were moved by Macquire against Mac Mahone, and the Earl of Tyrone for trespasses, and supposed wrongs to be offered. Sir Oconnor Macquire being behinde-hand for his Composition, and charged with doing some things amiss, was sent to, by the Deputy, and required to perform what was meet for him to do; or else to repair unto his presence, to answer these contempts; which message was sent unto him by Sir Henry Duke, who appoints him a place of meeting; Macquire writeth unto the Lord Deputy, and excuseth his coming to Sir Henry, according to his appointment, being hindered by sickness, and the infirmity of the Gout, complaineth on the Earl of Tyrone, and Mac Mahone, desiring him not to believe complaints against him, and offereth to double the pledges, he had put in, if any doubt were had of his good disposition to the State.  
Mac Mahone likewise exhibites his agreevance against Tyrone, for Ceasing in his Country, and compelling him to maintain Horsemen for him, as if he had been tributary to the Earl, which cause the Lord Deputy heard and determined, freeing Mac Mahone from any such duty as the Earl demanded.  
The rest being but complaints (of which the Kingdom is never free) and no practices to draw dangerous consequence to the State (yet discovered) were only appeased by admonition.  

Contention between Orurk and Sir Richard Bingham.  Besides these, Sir Bryan Orurke, the Lord of Letrim, and Sir Richard Bingham, the Governor of Connaught, grew into dislike one with the other, the one being strict in his Government; the other not willing to be severely commanded, Sir Bryan wrote unto the Deputy, that he had wrongs and indignities done him, being often summoned by Sir Richard, to go before George Bingham his brother, and Captain Thomas woodhouse, to answer as well complaints, as to take directions, which he held to be a disparagement to him, and to avoid that inconveniency, was forced to forsake his Island, the place of his dwelling, and to wander upon the hills, which he would not do, but for the care of performing his promise, to be obedient unto his Prince, otherwise he said, he would deal well enough with those men, and meet Sir Richard and his brethren with the same measure they measured him▪ therefore in as much as he meant to do nothing against her Majesty, he desireth they might be kept from him, for he would not go to them, but in the Deputies presence, whose Commandments he would in all things else perform, and craveth of him that peace might be kept with him in the Province of Connaught, as he doth with them, to which the Deputy returned answer, requiring him to yield conformity in all things reasonable to the Queen's Officers, and if any wrongs were offered him, not to right himself by resistance or revenge, but to make 
The Deputy admonisheth both.  it known, and he should receive redress. He likewise wrote unto the Governor, advising him to use a gentle hand in the dealing with Orurke, and people of his quality, men of such fierce dispositions and natures, being with roughness handled, would easily be excited to the breach of obedience, which might prove a charge to the State, and a disquiet to the Country. This admonition Sir Richard took somewhat unkindly, as a mystic of his Government, and resteaint of his proceed against Orurke. and did not stick to tell the Deputy afterward at the Council Table, that his Lordship gave countenance to Orurke, unto the diminution of his Authority in that Province. So difficult it was for the Deputy to appease or reconcile a difference between so stout a Commander, and so factious and rebellious a spirit being powerful. The Governor being persuaded out of his judgement, that it was now time to prosecute Orurke while the Bourkeses were yet weary of their late struggling, so as standing without partakers, he would the more surely fall, or at least be brought with more facility to the path of obedience, being the only man now to be doubted in that Province, having in his possession the strongest and fastest Country there. And it is not unlikely but the Deputy would have joined with him therein, if he had not had private reasons to the contrary, arising from the present question of his actions in England, and his desire and suit to be revoked thence, which were things only known to himself.  
These distempers now yet but flashes, which were kindled by discontent, were quenched by care and providence, and had they not been well met within time, would have grown to greater flames of commotion, and did afterwards arise again, for want of like circumspection in the succeeding Government, which argued both the wisdom of the Governor, who would have taken the time to take away the cause, and the prevailing power in the Deputy, even in the worst Subjects hearts, to make them conformable against their natures.  
While the Deputy was busy, to prevent perils which might grow by heart burnings within his Government: Some of his Adversaries were as deeply travailed to procure 
A rumour of the Deputies remove.  his disquiet and disgrace. Amongst other inventions, Reports were raised, that he should presently be revoked, and another sent in his place, being a thing not as yet thought on in England, whereof so soon as he had notice, though he esteemed them but as rumours, yet louse took occasion to renew his suit unto the Queen for his removing: And besought her, if such were her pleasure, which he humbly desired, and shown reasons for such his desire, that yet her Highness would suppress the opinion, and publishing thereof, until his successor should be ready to come over, because he knew by experience, that the wavering and worst sort of people in that Kingdom, were apt to take advantage (upon the alteration of the chief Governor, especially in the Interim of his Government, if they had notice before hand) to stir up troubles in the State.  

The Gentlemen of the English Pale stir up the Lords to write to the Queen for the stay of Sir john Perrot in that government.  The Gentlemen of the English Pale in love with his justice and upright Government, were much troubled at this news, of whom diverse of the better sort of Plunbetts, Flemings, Barnewells, Bellews, Cusacks, Delahides, Taafs, Nangles, and others of good account, to the number of 67, wrote a joint Letter to the Noble men their neighbours, of the notice they had taken, of the removing the present Lord Deputy from that Government, whom they therein testified to have governed with justice, care, and providence, for the good of that Kingdom, whereby they had enjoyed much peace and prosperity: for the truth whereof they appealed unto them, whom they besought as they tendered the welfare of their Country, to be a means unto the Queen's Majesty for the retaining and continuing him in that Government, to perfect what he had begun, and was likely to bring unto a good end, if he remained amongst them.  
The Lords of the English Pale upon receit of this Letter, though many of them (as is said) had been wrought to write against the Deputy, yet now acknowledging the same the Gentry did, wrote a particular Letter, which they sent unto the Queen, desiring the continuance of the present Deputy amongst them, giving him all the specious attributes, could be yielded an extraordinary Patron of that poor Country, some of them (as is already mentioned) recanting their error of accusing him of heavy and tyrannous courses, now called him the Father of that poor Kingdom, setting forth his fatherlike care for the universal tranquillity, and the administration of particular justice.  
These Letters though they needed not, for as yet there was no intention of his calling thence; yet they gave a sharp blow to his Adversaries, whose informations must needs be suspected to proceed only out of malice, since the parties that most felt the good and evil of Government, gave this testimony of him, which they did in respect of the fear they had of his remove (being so bruited, as well in approbation of his actions, as to prevent the mischiefs which might happen by his going thence, the smart whereof they were like to feel. The Copy of this Letter is yet extant.  

The Cavanagh show the cause of the Rebellion.  About this time Donnogh Mac Murtogh Cavanagh, and Murtogh Oge Mac Morough Cavanagh, lately revolted from their obedience, made humble submission to the Deputy, showing the cause of their revolt, as the kill of their Father by Sir Dudieigh Bagnall, and Heron whom they slew. His not permitting them to live on the Lands given by Sir Peter Carew unto their Father, pursuing and forcing them to fly unto the Woods, in which pursuit he was shine. They crave pardon and offer Service, showing who they were that procured Mr. Bagnall and Heron to kill their Father, and to banish them 〈…〉 Mac 〈…〉 Art Cormagh Mac Anispeck, Conologh Mac Gilpatrick, with other their Followers and Companions.  
While the Deputies care concurring with the people's good liking, did prevent many mischiefs like to ensue. The practice of such as he had displeased, by crossing their courses and undue proceed, did not cease to work his trouble and disquiet. Amongst whom the Earl of Ormond was now become one that laboured 
The Earl of Ormond informs against the Deputy.  by secret information, to incense the Queen against him, which procured from her and in her name sharp reprehensions, which did much disquiet him, and provoked his choleric and passionate nature to offend and exceed himself, for being vexed with indignities and conceived injuries, he could not forbear to speak, and sometimes to write as tarely, as he found himself dealt withal.  

The Deputy writeth again to the Queen for his remove.  And now thinking himself wounded in his reputation, he wrote to the Queen herself, showing again how he was disabled to do her Service, and dishonoured by her belief of his unjust Adversaries, their practices and suggestions: He prayeth licence to repair unto her Presence for answering of his Accuser, and that he might be removed from that unfortunate Government.  
He likewise wrote unto the Earl of Leycester, who (much favoured him) protesting in plain manner, that rather than he would live there to be so vexed in mind, crossed in his best intended courses, and brought into the Queen's displeasure, he would take on him George the Chimney sweeper's place at Court (those being his words) and therefore urgeth his help for his remoovall, or leave to come unto the Queen: but that Earl then engaged in the Action of the Lowe-Countries, wherein all his power was set a work, could not yield him that help, his love would otherwise have afforded.  

Contention between the Earl of Tyrone and diverse Ulster Lords, preying one upon another.  divers dislikes, and some disturbance of the public, began betwixt Tirlogh Leynaugh Oneale, and the Earl of Tyrone, for whereas formerly there had been a division of the Lands in Ulster, challenged to belong to Oneale, divided betwixt them both, and of later time Tirlogh Leynaugh had been drawn by composition to take a thousand Marks Rend by the year of the Earl, to be paid at four Feasts, for certain Lands during some years. Now Tirlogh Leynaugh complaineth, that the Earl did not only refuse the payment of this Rent, but had committed outrages on himself and his people, having taken diverse preys out of his Country, terrified his Tenants, and had enticed diverse of them from him and his Lands: whereof he writeth particularly by sundry Letters unto the Deputy, showing his unwillingness to break the Queen's peace; desireth order may be taken for the return of his Tenants ', and their goods, with satisfaction for his men slain, and such Rent as the Earl was indebted to him.  
These complaints being by the Deputy sent to Tyrone, he maketh answer, that first for Tirloghs Tenants, that since Tirlogh was not able to restrain his people from annoying his Tenants, he was not to refuse any that would come from Tirlogh to live under him: denieth any kill or preying upon Tirlogh; his men or Country by him or his men for the arreare of Rent due or claimed to be due, he partly denyeth, and partly evades the payment.  
In the mean time while these complaints were exhibited, and answers expected: more outrages begun between them and their followers, and new violences were offered before the old could be redressed, for Tirlogh being grown old, and forsaken by many of his followers, either for want of protection from Tirlogh, or fear of the Earl's increasing greatness, Tyrone gives another blow to Tirlogh, by taking a prey of 2000 Cows, with many Mares and Garons, from Sir Arte Oneale Tirloghs son, whereof the Deputy being advertised, sent to Tyrone what was informed; and to require him, both to forbear further acts of hostility, and to restore what had been so taken from Tirloghs son or his Tenants, to which the Earl maketh answer by accusing Sir Art Oneale, to have taken a prey from his people, at his last being at Dublin, and instead of restitution which he demanded, sent the Earl defiance, when he required peace to be observed. Sir Arthur Oneale affirmed on the other side, that the Earl's brother Cormagh took a prey first from some of his men, who in recovering of their loss, took the like from his, for which Tyrone spoiled him and his followers, of a fare greater value as he complained.  
The Deputy looking upon the danger of these brawls, contentions, and spoils, sendeth two Messengers called Bynion and Bremicham, with Letters and straight commandments unto Tirlogh and his son, and to the Earl of Tyrone, charging them upon their loyalties unto their Sovereign, to forbear all attempts of violence and revenge one towards another, and to the Earl he signified, that if it were true that he had received some injuries at the hands of Sir Arthur Oneale, yet it could not be lawful, that he should be a revenger of his own wrongs, and if he had sustained any such damage as he pretended, he had being his own carver, over-recompenced himself for the prejudice done unto him. Therefore he again requires him to make restitution of such goods as did exceed the value of what had been so taken from his followers, and that he would thenceforth take warrant from the State for his doings; so should it be safer for him and his, and for the better ordering of this difference, he would shortly send Commissioners which should render unto each one his own. This for a time did qualify their contentions.  
But shortly after, Tyrone (finding that Peace would be no way to that which he aspired unto) upon further pretence of injury done to him by Tirlogh, and his followers, maketh an inroade into his Country, and entered with force as fare as Strabane, Tirloghs Town and 
Tyrone beaten by the English Companies at Strabane.  place of abode, where Captain Mostian and Parker, with their Companies, remained for Tirloghs defence: they with such power as Tirlogh could make, charged Tyrone and his troops, and forced him to fly.  

Odonnell denies to entertain a Sheriff.  Odonnell set on by Tyrone (as Tirlogh affirmed) began to quarrel, and offer violence to Tirlogh, and to manifest his Traitorous disposition to the State, denied to entertain the Sheriff sent into Tirconnell, lately made a County, seconding it with other signs of disloyalty.  

The Deputy and Council certify their suspicion of Tyrone, desire order out of England.  The Deputy and Council, seeing what mischief now begun to grow by the casting the Northern Garrison, giving way to Tyrones' aspiring, certifies into England his practices, as well in stirring up private quarrels, the forerunners of Rebellion, as his sending to Agnes Mac connel, a principal Chief of the Invading Islanders, certain of his men, conditioning with him to receive such aid and supplies from him again, when he should need them, or upon occasion require them, and his desire to be Oneale, claiming the chief men of Ulster to be his Vriaghs, and to depend on him. His late sending his son to be fostered by Ochane, between whom and him there had been great enmity, which shown a present combination, to make way for his further greatness. This fostering being the greatest bond of amity amongst the Irish. Of this they crave consideration to be had; withal they desire that the pledges of Monster now lying in the Castle of Dublin, (for prevention of their escape) might be removed into England, and conclude with request, that some Treasure might be sent thither, for supply of the Soldier's wants.  
These clouds and overcastings of the calm and Serene times, which had continued some few years past, did prognosticate, that storms would shortly follow, if course were not speedily taken to clear and disperse them.  

Odonnell practiseth with the Islanders.  Now Odonnell began to be doubted likewise upon constant Intelligence sent by Tirlogh Leynaugh, that he had sent into the Lands for hired men, to assist him in some action he was about to undertake; which raised a question in Council, how he should be dealt withal; some of them being of opinion first to summon him to answer his contempts, and then (if he came not) to raise Forces to fetch him in, or punish him for his disobedience: but the Deputy (restrained from journeys in his own person) knowing it would ask long and chargeable work, to subdue him and his Confederates, dissented from that opinion, and told the Council he would make trial of a 
A stratagem whereby Odonnells son was taken.  stratagem he had conceived whereby to bring him in, or secure him from doing harm, before he would put her Majesty to so great charge, or hazard her good Subjects, which might breed annoyance to the Country, and interruption of the present Peace; to which, way was given, and the Deputy accordingly attempted it, by sending one Skipper, a Merchant of Dublin, with a Ship loaden with Sacks, as if he had come out of Spain, directing him to run up by Donagall, as fare as he could unto Odonnels Country, where he should not only offer to sell at a cheap price, but be liberal in giving Wine to such as should come aboard him: And that if Odonnell or his son came aboard him by that means, (as he knew they would) he should give them so much as might make them forget themselves, and being drunk, should clap them under hatch, and bring them away to Dublin. This device was as carefully performed as projected, young Odonnell being by this means surprised and brought away: A Service at that time very available to the State, for keeping that Country in quiet, and restraining so stirring a person as Odonnell was, from the pursuit of his evil affections, bend at that time against the Queen and her Service: Notwithstanding, afterwards in the ensuing trouble, it was imputed as an injury done to Odonnell; and interpreted as an act that did rather interrupt, then preserve the Peace of that Country; the State thinking that the blame which should be laid upon Sir 
A simple device of the Council of Ireland.  john Perrots carriage herein would please Odonnell, and make him the more apt to be drawn to conformity and obedience; but this shallow and colloguing policy, did work little effect in him, whose heart was wholly (by foreign practice) alienated from his loyalty, and by marriage of Tyrones' Daughter, altogether devoted to his faction and Service, being his assistant and partaker in all his Rebellion.  
The Deputy thus busied in the public, receives a new interruption by the means of his Adversaries, who had caused a Letter to be written to the Queen, in the name of Tirlogh 
A letter countersaited to be written by Tirlogh Leynaugh to the Queen, but disavowed by himself.  Leynaugh, complaining of the Deputies hard usage of him, which being certified to the Deputy, much troubled him (because one of his greatest Services, was the conforming this man to be a faithful servant to the State) to find Tirlogh Alyend from him; but Tirlogh had no sooner notice hereof, but he sent one Solomon his Secretary into England to disavow this Letter, protesting he never caused any such to be written, neither had he cause, the Lord Deputy always using him well, and doing him many favours; and therefore humbly desired, that the Author of this forgery might be punished: But the Deputies respect in England being extenuated by continual information against him thence, little was done to his satisfaction in this particular, and the less, because the whole State was filled with the foreign preparation threatened against England, and her Majesty's Dominions; which his Enemies finding, grew more insolent in crossing and opposing his endeavours, which so wearied his impatient Nature, as he made all the means he could, both by his own continual suit, and by the pressing mediation of his friends in Court, to be revoked thence; 
The Queen grants the remove of the Deputy.  which by long importunity he at length obtained promise of from the Queen, who sent him word she would shortly provide him a Successor.  
In the mean time, to prevent farther trouble in Ireland, that he might leave all things in as great security as possibly he could, he (as one of his last, but not lest Services) sends for all the Lords and Chiefs, which might in any 
The Deputy taketh pledges of all the suspected persons in Ireland.  part be suspected, to take part with the foreign Enemy, if any attempt should be made in that Kingdom by them as was doubted, and of all these demanded Pledges for their own faithfulness, and the quietness of their people: and for the more easy inclining them to this demand, which seemed at first harsh unto them, he made a solemn speech, wherein he declared, that it was done as well for their own good, as for the Kingdom's quiet, for he knew that the Queen would be well pleased with their willingness, to yield testimony of their loyalty unto her, which could not but make them better accepted, & trusted in the time to come; protesting that if the case concerned him as it did them, he should choose rather at this time to be bound, then to be left at liberty, within the danger of suspicion, being a deep corrosive to every well meaning man, as he assured himself they all were, howsover their former slips had made them apt to be doubted, advising them to use all good means for the conservation of Peace in each of their Dominions, whereby their pledges might shortly have freedom, and they themselves gain a better estimation for ever.  
By this perswassion they did with less grudging and contradiction yield pledges, which were bestowed in the Castle of Dublin, so as all the Heads of all the Provinces in Ireland were tied by this means to quietness and subjection, which at that time was most necessary, because the Deputy by diverse good intelligences out of Spain, whereof he had given speedy and often information into England, knew the Spanish preparations were great, and whether intended for England or Ireland, or for both, was not certain, but Ireland threatened by the common bruit.  
This done, the Deputy writes again to the Queen, humbly thanking her, that at his suit, and for the recovery of his health, which now began to impair, she had been pleased to promise his discharge from that Government, and withal besought her speedily to send his Successor, using the same reasons he had formerly done, when it was bruited he should be removed, before it was intended, the lose people being indeed apt out of their evil affection, to take advantage of the time, and to attempt that, which they durst not do in a confirmed and well countenanced Government.  
At length when this good Deputy had governed four years with much travail, and good success; notwithstanding, the opposition mentioned in this discourse, of private and particular Adversaries (the enviers of his felicity) he obtained his discharge. And Sir 
Sir William Fitz-Williams sent into Ireland.  William Fitz-Williams was sent to succeed him, who had formerly governed that Kingdom, with liking and commendation, which though it bred some hope in the people, that he would build well upon his Predecessors platform, yet it could not keep the people's eyes from tears for the loss of Sir john Perrott, such impression had his upright and clean handed Government (unusual to that unhappy Kingdom) taken in their hearts, as appeared at his departure.  

The Deputy giveth a Cup to the City of Dublin.  Before his delivery of the Sword, he gave a covered Cup of Silver guilt to the Mayor and City of Dublin, with these words upon the top engraven, In Pace relinquo, meaning that he left the City and Kingdom in peace.  
At the delivery of the Sword in Christs-Church, he told the new Deputy Sir William Fitz Williams in the public hearing of many, of whom some are yet living.  
Now my Lord, since that by her Majesty's direction, I have given up the Government of this Kingdom into your hands, I must give your Lordship to understand (and I thank God I may say so) that I leave it in perfect peace and tranquillity, which I hope your Lordship will certify unto her Majesty, and the Lords of her Council: to whom the Deputy made answer, that he confessed it to be so, and wished he might leave it no worse. Then my Lord, replied Sir john Perrot, I must add thus much: That if there be any man in this Kingdom suspected to be evil minded to the State, who is able to draw but six Swordmen after him into the field (if he have not already put in pledges for his fidelity) so your Lordship shall think it necessary; I will undertake (though now but a private man) to send for him, and if he come not within twenty days, I will forfeit the credit and reputation of my Government: whereto the Deputy answered, that all was well, it needed not.  

The love of the Irish State unto Sir john Perrot.  At Sir john Perrotts departure from Dublin, after he had left the Sword, many of the Nobility, Gentry, and Commons of that Kingdom, came thither to see▪ and take their leave of him, so that as he went from his Lodging to the Key to take Boate. The press of People coming to salute him, (some with cries of applause, and some with tears bemoaning his departure) was so great, that he was well-near two hours before he could pass the Street, and was enforced twice or thrice to take house for his ease, to avoid the throng, amongst whom Tirlogh Leynaugh was one, who coming along with him to his Boat, and standing at the Key until he saw his Ship under sail, did then weep, and grievously bewail his departure. Such power hath the opinion of justice and sincere government, to make even them that are barbarous, to love the Ministers thereof, though themselves know not the things, but by the effects.  
At Sir john Perrots going to Sea, the Citizens of Dublin in testimony of their love, sent with him some of their young men with Shot to guard him into Pembroke Shire, who passed with him to his Castle called Carewe, whence he was not long after called to the Court to be made a Privy Counsellor, the step to his fall and ruin.  

Sir Nicholas Whites expression of Sir john Perrots Government.  Of his Government Sir Nicholas White, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, and a learned man, wrote these few words.  
Pacificavit Connaciam, Relaxavit Mediam, 
 Subiuganit Vltoniam, Fregit Lageniaem, 
 Ligavit Mononiam, 
 Extirpavit Scotos, 
 Refrenavit Anglos. 
 Et his omnibus per aquè vectigal acquisivit Reginae.  
Thus Englished.  
He pacified Connaught, loosened the bonds of Meathe, subdued Ulster, broke the bonds of combination in Leynster, and bound fast in obedience Monster. He extirped the Invading Scots, bridled the bold Extortions of the English, and to all these, added much to the Queen's revenue: for besides the compositions in Ulster and Connaught mentioned in this discourse, he drew new increase, and reservations of Rents, Tenors, and Services from many Lords of Territories, and Services from many Lords of Territories, and sundry other persons in the several Provinces. The particulars are yet extant to be seen, though tedious here to be set down: which he did upon Surrenders, & renewing of their Estates, which bred a double benefit unto the Crown, the better assurance of their Loyalties, and the advancement of revenue.  
These Services so well begun (if they had been perfected) had made that Kingdom more peaceable, rich, civil, and subject to good Government: but want of time which makes the best begun works to miss the period of their perfection: And Envy which crosseth the best Designs, left this man's Government, though successful, yet without the full fruit with his longer stay (well seconded) might have brought forth. But all humane affairs must have their Periods, and the success of good or evil in them all, will be ever in some sort answerable to the Actors intentions.  
FINIS.