This Masquarade Du Ciel may be printed. HENRY HERBERT. Novemb. 24. 1640. In hoc tantùm peccat, quòd nihil peccat. I. T. MASQUARADE DU CIEL: Presented to the GREAT Queen of the LITTLE world. A celestial MAP, REPRESENTING The True Site and Motions of the Heavenly Bodies, through the years 1639, 1640, &c. SHADOWING The late Commotions, between SATURN and MERCURY, about the Northern THULE. With the Happy PEACE and UNION, through the whole LITTLE WORLD, made by the goodness of Phoebus and His royal PHEBE. By I. S. LONDON, Printed by K. B. for S. C. 1640. TO THE Queen. Madam, IT cannot be presumption to present That, Which to detain were sacrilege. my Plea is, I Durst not but Bring the Letters, which HEAVEN Sends: It endites, what Earth writes; in THIS most specially, Which it hath Signed, with its own Hand; and Sealed, with its own Signet: Yet, if unacquainted with its Hand, I mistake the Superscription, and present it amiss; my Hope is, Such royal goodness, may yet Pardon, Madam, Your majesty's most Humble Servant I. S. Phoebus and His royal PHEBE, King and Queen of Heaven. poetical Names, compounded of Greek words signi●ying Light and Life; Both which, come from the sun and moon. Saturn, The coldest Planet, remotest from the sun and This Earth. With Poets a Great God: which( being a Northern Genius) they make to reside about Thule, a cold North island, belonging to the Crown of SCOTLAND, as appears in the Notes after the M●sque. Mercury, in Heaven a Little Planet,( little in Body, but great in Influence:) with Poets, the Great God of Learning; Patron of scholars, and all ecclesiastical men. Jupiter, with Poets Satur's son; in Heaven a Planet near the sun. MARS, a Fiery Planet. The poetical God of war, and a general Enemy to all Peace. Venus, a Great Bright Planet, going sometimes behind, but often before, the sun in Heaven: With Poets an Old Great goddess, and as Great a Friend to Mars, Enemy to Peace. Corona Borea, celestial heroines waiting on PHEBE. Lyra, celestial heroines waiting on PHEBE. Aquila, celestial heroines waiting on PHEBE. Coma Berenice's, celestial heroines waiting on PHEBE. Cassiopea, celestial heroines waiting on PHEBE. Most of these Persons are more fully expressed, page 6. The several Scenes, Antimasques, and Entries, in This Device of HEAVEN. THE general SCENE, is the LITTLE WORLD, or Isle of BRITAIN; centred within the spheres of Heaven. page 1. The GREAT Queen being seated under a royal State, a Cloud rising, brings up the First Scene: A Scene of darkness, Nightwork, Thunder, Lightning, with all Attendants of storm and Tempest. NIGHT enters in a hideous shape, holding a landscape of Horror, inscribed in a strange Dialect( to cause more Admiration) ΣKOTOS * Signifying darkness. : But soaring up too near the State, is amazed at such a majesty; and, as dazzled with that unexpected brightness, is forced to retire in most confused haste; in which She lost two of Her Attendants, SILENCE and OBLIVION: Which were still retained behind Her, as foils to grace the following Scene of glorious brightness, rising up like a clear Day, dawning out of blackest Clouds. p. 3, 4. In this Scene, Two celestial heroines * Astronomia & Astrologia. descend from the spheres; Presenting the Plot of the Masque, to the GREAT Queen; with a Petition inviting Her, to vouchsafe Her presence to the HERO'S of Heaven, now ready to attend Her, whose Beauty might supply the want of Phoebus' rays, who was already Masked within the Sphe●●, expecting Her presence. page 4. These two, re-ascending in a glorious rainbow, Sing the first Song to the GREAT Queen: who, rising up in a rosy coloured Cloud, was presently seen, entering among the Masquers, personating PHEBE; and at the end of the Masque, was again seen with Her royal Phoebus under the State; while a celestial Cho●us enters singing, and concludes the Masque. page 19 The Plot of the Masque( presented by ASTRONOMIA and ASTROLOGIA) consists of two Parts, or Maps: The one celestial, the other terrestrial. The celestial Map * This Map is fully represented in the Masque unmasked. , is a most true and exact draught o● the Site and Motions of the SUN, moon, VENUS, SATURN, MERCURY, JUPITER and MARS; with other Heavenly Bodies, through the years, 1639, 1640, &c. The terrestrial Map, is truly to represent, How all Those Motions were shadowed upon Earth, for all That time. But, this last Map( or History) is not yet fully perfected, because the exact proportion 'twixt Heaven and Earth, is not yet concluded on, by the best ASTRONOMERS. The celestial and terrestrial Maps, shadowed Both together in one compendious Scheme; being an epitome of the following Masque. Phoebus, pleasing to bless the Southern World with his Chiefest Residence, deputes MERCURY to the Northern THULE * Of this Thule; as of Saturn and M●rc●ries Right to it; and quar●ell for it● a●e large Note●, both in the margins of the Masque, and after the Masque. ; but SATURN( having pre-possession) drives MERCURY back, from THULE. This quarrel is shadowed in the Antimasque of nightwork, inscribed ΣKOTOS. pag. 3. MARCH 1639. APRIL 1639. MAY 1639. MERCURY imploreth Phoebus; Who, in much goodness, condescendeth to take a Northern progress toward THULE, to reconcile these Two; yet, lest They should prove Contumacious, He advanceth in warlike manner; attended with JUPITER, MARS, and all their Satellites. pag. 9 JUNE. But PHEBE'S royal goodness vouchsafeth to Mediate Peace; which Phoebus granteth to his Dearest PHEBE: and so, SATURN and MERCURY are again settled by Phoebus in their proper Places. Only MARS, is Enemy to This Peace, and by divers assays, Labours to break it. But, PHEBE still opposeth Him; and so prevaileth, that MARS false down as thunderstruck; yielding himself Prisoner to Phoebus. JULY. Phoebus returneth again( leading MARS a Captive-Prisoner) to His wont Southern Residence; to the content and Joy of All. pag. 12.13. At His Return, VENUS petitioneth for Her old Friend MARS, and beggeth His Liberty; which at length, AUGUST. Phoebus granteth, in much royal goodness; which( to all ingenuous Noble Spirits) is a Bond, much more Strong, than any chain, than any Fetter. MARS released( being more enraged at His Imprisonment) Plots to incense SATURN and MERCURY again; Through the ●est of 1639 and great Pa●t o● 1640. and after divers assays, at length prevails so far, that SATURN begins again to frown on MERCURY: which MARS so foments, that, ere long, MERCURY is again driven out of THULE, and forced to reimplore Phoebus. Phoebus condescendeth to take a Second progress toward THULE: 1640. yet resolving, rather to prevail with gentle rays of wont goodness, then by Thunderbolts. But PHEBE again vouchsafeth to interpose herself; prevailing with Phoebus, SEPTEMBER. to summon His Grand council of all the Seeming Deities. pag. 14. Who meeting in Ariopaguses * M●rs-Hill. S●e the Ma●gin●ll N●tes. pag 1. , jointly agree to arraign MARS, for rebelling against Phoebus; disturbing the Peace mediated by PHEBE; incensing SATURN, and with him jointly opposing MERCURY. MARS thus arraigned, was Cast, by joint consent, of all the Deities; and adjudged to forfeit all His Honours, Dignities, privileges, &c. to His sovereign Phoebus; and for ever to be excluded from the Number of Gods. Phoebus Returneth again to His wont Southern Residence, OCTOBER. in Great glory: while PHEBE still condescendeth to mediate a perfect Peace; for which, Her royal goodness p●evaileth with Phoebus, to continue His Great council; and to summon all the CAUSES into Jupiter's HALL, the Great council-place for all the Gods. NOVEMB●R, &c. Here, SATURN and MERCURY resign up all Their Possessions, claims, &c. into Phoebus' Hands, acknowledging Their dependence on His royal Favour. Phoebus receiveth them with wont goodness; Which alone moveth Him not only to reinvest them with all Former privileges; but also to smile on them with new addition of royal Favours; well knowing, that royal goodness, is still wont to find, or Make, loyal Subjects of all Noble Spirits. pag. 16. Thus at length, is a most Happy Peace effected through the whole LITTLE WORLD: at which all the CAUSES jointly petition, for an eternal memorial of the royal goodness of Phoebus and His royal PHEBE. Who( after a Bright Cloud of thin Exhalations had opened itself and disappeared) are Both seen resting under the royal State; to the greatest content and Joy of All. Witnessed by a general Applause, first begun among all the Deities in Heaven; and being thence reflected through the whole Scene, was again counter-echoed by all the spheres. Whence issueth a celestial Chorus singing, and congratulating the most Happy Peace, and union of the Little World, made by the royal goodness of Phoebus, and His royal PHEBE. MASQUERADE DU CIEL: Presented to the Great Queen of the LITTLE WORLD. THE SCENE was centred within a circle of magnific porticoes, THE spheres of HEAVEN, and GLOBE of EARTH. all fairly Vaulted; yet so artificially poised with such curious Proportion, that without pressure, They supported their Supporters; Which seemed Silver Pilasters, inter-veyned with Streaming Sprigs of finest Gold. Over these, ran an Architrave freeze; yet shooting up so far from the eye, that it lost somewhat of its luster, and seemed but pearl, filleted with sparkles of richest Diamonds. The outward Balcon's, for fenestelloes had a continue crystal Work, backed with a most glorious prospect, which quickly lost the eye, midst Orient Colours, streamed with Azure, at greatest distance. Within These, was a stately fabric, curiously couched into a sphere; intermixtly waved with four Elements; and foiled about with a Perspective of Clouds; over which, at distance, NATURE hovered, with an aspect that seemed to admire, rather than view, Arts choice Composure. On This, a Curious Balestrata, finely raised; seeming a LITTLE WORLD Rising up from within a Greater: THE LITTLE WORLD, or ISLE of BRITAIN. The Great Globe's epitome: Natures Second Draught; at which she smiled to see herself grown an Artist, in more complete Limning; For, Her Former lines seemed but as imperfect assays, of what she meant to draw in This; Her masterpiece of all, which with a modest scorn, seemed to disdain all Admiration. It's utmost Verge, was an artificial Border, made of a natural Sea; most lively expressed flowing into a Circle; whose inmost Area,( seeming an island of Mosaique Work, Terrast with antic knots) was the Basis to a royal State, blessed with the Presence of the GREAT Queen. Over whom, ran a most glorious Canopy; in which the Graces were seen, each with her silver needle, Enameling rather then Embroyd'ring: and so neatly were the Flowers contrived, that with humble reverence they All inclined to the GREAT Queen,( as the Heliotropion to the sun) seeming to acknowledge their Colour to Her lip, their sweetness to Her Breath. Toward the Fringe, the Graces met; and with a pleasant smile, all at once reflected on the last made( but first intended) Flower, finely purled with BRITTANNOCLEA 1 ●●●tain●●●lory. ; which was the soul to This Body, the Motto impresed on This Device of HEAVEN. The Colour most in Eye, was the rosy-lilly-sweetly-mixed Carnation; yet changeably inclining toward Crimson, which seemed but a natural modest Blush, at the presence of the GREAT Queen: Who sat Circled about with a Glory of rays; which yet needed not to express Her, Whom all knew the Queen of glorious brightness: The fairest Idea of perfect Beauty; and among Mortals, virtue's choicest Sample●, which She makes a Pattern for Her Fairest Draughts: One, whom Nature had taught with best grace to adorn majesty; and with the Luster of Her least rays, to dazzle Glory herself, who now stood at distance Blushing, yet ambitious to attend this GREAT QUEEN, Blessing the State● On either hand, stood a royal PRINCE; Both which, were Darlings to the same Nature, which at Their Birth, thought it no solecism to clothe Maturity with ●oungest years: Both, with a youthful, yet graceful blush, seemed to Smile, as seeing themselves laden with O●hers Hopes, while They stood as Centre to all the Lines of future Felicity: Over One of them, hovered a crown, with this Motto, DON DES CIEUX 2 A Gift f●om Hea●en. . near These, were placed Two fairest Young Ladies, in Rich attire, Carnation guarded with silver deluces; Their hair, knotted with stars, and powdered with Golden atoms, raised up with a dazzling Ray, darted out from that sphere of brightness, fixed under the royal State. At whose beck, a Cloud● in an instant Rising, discovered THE FIRST SCENE. A SCENE of darkness; an impress of Horror: a Chaos f●lt, though not See●e. NIGHT, not content with her wont Sables, affects now a more dismal hue; Enters, presenting Terror in a landscape, shadowed with blackest colours; The Inscription in a strange Dialect( speaking more admiration,) ΣKOTOS 1 A Greek wo●d, sig●ify●ng darkness. . 2 Nightwork: b●ing also a desc●●ption of Thule. In this Antim●●●●● inscribe● ΣKOTOS, is preshadowed the whole P●ot o● the Masque( more particul●rly personated afterwards in several Entries) First, Saturn and Mercury's quarrel, about the Northern thule; and th●n the Pacification, interrupted awhile by MARS: but at length happily perfected by the goodness of PHE●VS and his royal PHEBE. steep rising hills, far off,( mocking night, at noon, with shady tops of pathless groves) fill half the Scene: Leaving for the nighest part a Solitary Valley, divided with a River; whose purling streams( murmuring through broken rocks) taught the Woods, beyond, to Tremble; Their boughs and leaves being shadowed on the Water by the glimmering moon: Whose weak beams( Refracted with frequent flashes of Lightning, breaking out from blackest Clouds) made up a Faint Light, much more dismal than darkness; For 'twas only enough to make Dark Coufusion seem more Horrid. These Trembling measures, traced in full time, to the crowing of Cocks( only echoed in saddest reports, from farthest distance) interrupted with harsh unpleasing kroaking, and hideous Scritchings of night's forlorn Creatures; made up the music that best accords with night's Discord. This Scene presents the Antimasques, acted by drowsy MORPHEUS, Pale PASSION, and Trembling FANCY. At length( lest Horror yet should seem imperfect;) Nights wont silence, was forced to degenerate into a Whispering murmur; Which quickly grew up into a most violent and confused Tumult: which being re-echoed by many Counter-bounds, midst hollow rocks, broke out at once, into most terrible Claps of Thunder; at which, Nature herself, seemed to Startle, as amazed at such unexpected Commotions 3 Saturn and Mercury's QVARREL. in her Lower Elements. When This had a while detained the Thoughts, rather than Eyes, of the Trembling Spectators: The Cloud soaring up too near the royal State, was instantly dissolved and disappeared; while brightness again unvayled herself: at which a New Scene Rose up( while the Former vanished) forcing Black Night to post away her Chariot, mounted on her own Birds 4 nightowls. . But These( being dazzled with that sudden unexpected brightness) mistook their Way; and in stead of falling, soared upwards winking( like sealed Lanners:) yet not able to mount to the spheres, began to hover a while in the air: at which pause, Night seemed offering to speak; had not some present Deity struck her down; and so prevented, rather than interrupted, Her dark intents 1 When these Commotions seemed brought to their end, they here begin again; and Rose even in their Fall( which is more cl●erly expressed anon, When MARS disturbs the First Pacification;) ●ut at length all is so well settled, that by some Divine Power, night's Da●ke intents, seem Prevented rather then Interrupted. . At Her descent, Dull OBLIVION and Soft SILENCE, not able to hold pace with their Flying Mistress, were forced to stay behind Her; and so were still detained, as foils, to Grace the following Scene of Glorious brightness 2 At the end of these Commotions, the causes petition Phoebus for an Act of OBLIVION pag. 17. Even as the Athenians of old, after the civil war, called the Holy war, blotted out all, with a Law of forgetting, entitled AMNHΣTIA. See T●u●●●d. Pa●s●n. Attic. and the S 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 on ●ris●●p●. Pl●t. & Pav. . THESE ANTIMASQUES being thus past; from a clear Heaven, opening on either side, came Two Chariots, curiously touched with Gold, each borne up with a Cloud of Aurora Colour; gently gliding down the air in equal pace, till near the State they met: Where, in an instant disappearing, They left Two Seeming Deities, or Second Causes, in form of most beautiful young Virgins; Richly clothed in sky Colours, waved with lightest Azure, heightened with silver; loosely tucked about with a Starry Girdle, such as Plebeians call a zodiac; Their arms bare, with bracelets of pearl; Their fair hair Dischevald, mixed with silver: On their Head, a Coronis of stars; yet of such different Light, Colour, and Magnitude, that at distance they seemed Roses, sweetly mixed with lilies; which jointly refracted their rays, into a most pure Carnation Iris. Both These * These Ce●estiall H●roi●es, are ASTRONOMIA and ASTROLOGIA. For as a true Histo●y may ●epresent the terrestrial, So these Two present the celestial Plot of this Masque of Heaven: Being the true place and motions of the Heavenly Bodies( shadowed on earth) through 1639, 1640. &c. addressing themselves of the GREAT Queen under the State, with a blushing Startle, as amazed at some unexpected majesty( though they expected much) humbly presented a Little scroll, seeming a petiti●n: yet some thought it the Plot of the Masque. What ever it was, Her majesty received it with a gracious smile, and seemed with much delight to read it; while They Both, were Rapt up within a glorious rainbow, mounting up HEAVEN by degrees, while They sung thus, to the GREAT QUEEN. Clouded Eyes in darkest Night, To Thee may glance for beams of Light: That sphere of brightness in Thine Eye, Darts rays enough to make a Sky. Thy Stock of Beauty hath a power To dawn a Sun, for every hour. But Pity yet poor mortals sight: With Lawn or cypress Cloud Thy Light; Lest Thy Beauty, fairest Queen, dazzle all, and be unseen: celestial Hero's * Who were now to be Masquers with her Majesty, in this Masque of Heaven. Durst not ask To See Thy Face, but in a Mask. With Thee yet Phoebus * Who was already masked within the spheres. hath prevailed To let Thy Beauty be unvaild: That in His stead Thy Glorious Ray, May Condescend to make a Day, Throughout This hemisphere; while He Masked presents a Masque to Thee. 'Tis Heaven's Will, That We unseen, Should echo still * here They were hid in the Clouds; and a sweet melting echo, began in Heaven, and thence being reflected through the whole Scene, made up the last verse FAIREST Queen. Fairest Queen. Which echo, was most artificially caught, and continued with most harmonious, soul-ravishing music; While the GREAT Queen rose up in a rosy-coloured Cloud; and was afterwards seen, with the Masquers,( yet Unveyld) Personating PHEBE: At which the music sweetly melted, being heard at, distance, as from within the spheres of Heaven. Whence soon issued Phoebus, Phoebus. in his wont Robes: sitting in his glorious Chariot, almost deceiving the sharpest eye and disappearing, midst thickest, yet purest rays; which yet were all but as dark shadows, foiling that far more curious Draught within; to whose natural Luster, Glory could add no artificial compliment: Before Him the brightest rays, blushed themselves into Dusky Clouds, as ashamed; though 'twas no shame, to be out shonn by such a Deity. near This sun( and yet not near, for so could none) stood Two CAUSES, Jupiter and MARS. but Second only; Acted by the Thought, rather than Beck, of This First mover, in This Second HEAVE●● The Glory of these Two, seemed somewhat above Mortals, because only below Phoebus; Whose broken scattered rays( above enough to make Day) being reflected on These Two, were NATURE'S Measures, for the Highest Beauty, in this Lower WORLD. Their Names were nothing but their Natures, well contracted into JUPITER and MARS; The one lightened to the others Thunder, and held the Bolts the other cast: and yet neither did either; being neither JUPITER nor MARS( though Both) but PHEBEIDES. Somewhat Higher, with her VENUS( attended with Corona Borea, Lyra, Coma Berenice's, Cassiopea, Astrea Virgo, PHEBE; Venus: Corona Bor●a, Lyra, Coma, &c. attending PHEBE. with other celestial heroines) was a Seeming Deity, that might easily have seemed NATURE herself( as the Poets describe Her) but that Her Age spoke her much younger. However, Dame NATURE must now admit her equal,( and grammar make no solecism of Two superlatives;) For sure, no Second Place was capable of This Primest of Beauties, Blessing This Scene. And yet with a sweet and graceful blush, She seemed to contract Her rays; that so Beauty might keep that distance with brightness, which PHEBE must with Phoebus. For with This Double-Single Name, Those Two Deities pleased to One themselves: And This was the only way to limit admiration; For, all curious inquiries were soon answered thus, THIS is Phoebus, and THIS is PHEBE; None asked more; for more could not be said, more could not be Thought. Yet, one thing more there was, at which both Art and Nature stood amazed; each thinking That, the others Skill, Which itself, durst not presume to own. This was a most natural likeness, Propo●tion, Feature; yea, Identity itself, between This fair and Glorious PHEBE, now over the State 1 In the bright Clouds of Heaven. , and That as fair, Great and Glorious a QUEEN, seen before under it. Most of the Spectators, ●ot having eyes to see One sun( much less Two at once) thought Both Those, but One; yet with several names in several Places: So, over the State They called Her PHEBE; but under it, The GREAT Queen: as of old to the Poets, The same Deity was( but in several Places) PHEBE, DIANA, and PROS●●PINA. Yet some few, that saw with Thoughts, as well as eyes, Thought the One, only, real, The other Representative; as Reflected on some choicest crystal, fixed or moved sooner than Thought, yet still after the Motions of the GREAT Queen. But, some Sublimate Rosie-crucians'( that were present with their Spectacles) not yet content, would needs dive to the bottom of their Deepest Chrysiple, to search out This artificial mystery of Nature. In discussing of which, They had almost made another Antimasque, or piece of nightwork, by profound mystical Disputations, whether Art or Nature, Sense or Reason, could best separate, abstract, a● least prescind, a Sprightly Genius from its Body( which they called the Carcer Animae; the Night of Light; the Terrean Hecceity of an etherial Quiddity:) so that the same Suppositum might exist in Two distinct Individuums: For, such they thought, the Existence of these Masquers, both in Heaven and Earth, at the same instant. And these subtle Losophers( which was best of all) thought this Tactulum of theirs, a fine Grace to this Masque of Heaven: Hoping their Bandore, might haply do as much for the base, at the next comfort, as the grasshopper once did for the broken Treble 2 Rhodigin: Var● Lect● . In the mean time, not pauzing for this harmonical Discord below, the music suddenly broke forth above: most melodiously continued with a sweet, though saddest Ditty; whose air, was thought to be the same with That, composed at the Sad parting, of the Grecian Princes, from their Ladies, towards Troy. While the music began to pauze with a most pathetical melting Note; Phoebus Riseth, and with a most emphatical aspect, parteth from His Dearest PHEBE * March 25. 1639. the sun parted from the moon( the King of Heaven from His Q●eene) and went Northward in the Ecli●tick; Being then in ARIES the first of all the Nort●●rn signs. How t●is( a● a●l the rest) was sha●owed o● e●●th, a●o●t t●at t●me, ●●lon●s to History to ●ecord, as in a true terrestrial Map, parallel to this celestial. ; whose Eyes only( and they fainted too) were left able, to breathe out a Sighing Vale. The occasion of This Saddest Parting, was some Important business of HEAVEN; at which Phoebus himself pleased to advance Northward, there to make Two Enemies One Friend: Condescending thus to interpose himself( though below himself) rather then by a thunderbolt to deal with Both, at greater distance. THE MATTER WAS THIS: Phoebus, pleasing to bless the Southern World, with his chiefest Res●dence, Deputed MERCURY to the utmost Northern THULE 1 Of this Thule; also of Saturn and Mercuries●ight to it, and quarrel for it, are la●ge no●es annexed to the end of the Masque. . But MERCURY is shrewdly there opposed by SATURN; upon an old Grudge, ere-since MERCURY so sorely foiled CUPID, Satur's grandchild— Manet altâ ment repostum. Yet at p●esent, SATURN pretends another quarrel; pleading, Those cold North climates, subject unto Him, in Phoebus' absence: and, to assert his cause, besides present Possession( almost the best Point in Law) He produceth an Old Charter, Patent under Phoebus' Broad seal, on which Nature had stamped the arms 2 The sign of the Lion( in Heaven) ●s by all Astrologers made the proper Palace of t●e S●n, and so the Device of Phoebus. of HEAVEN. MERCURY offers Dispute; and doubts not to make his Cause good by force of Argument. But Saturn could handle his scythe, much better than a Syllogism; yet, had logic enough to hold His own Conclusion, and deny Mercury's Assumption of aught belonging to Him; yea, confessing He could not Dispute, He thought best to Moderate; and himself will Determine MERCURIES Thesi●. And in Conclusion, Be it Right or Wrong, he Forceth MERCURY to go back as he came; and, which was more, wilily directs That Back-motion into a FALL 3 Divers times since 1637 was M●rcury the Planet driven out of Aqvarius, Saturn's house( shado●ed here under the n●me of Thule) and Forced int●PISCES: which S●gne all Astrologers call Mercury's Fall. . MERCURY Falling, Protests against Satur's Injurious Act; and to Right himself, appeals to Phoebus 4 Mercury Fa●ling into PISCES in March 1639, seems to appeal to the Su●; who, was then in PISCES a So●t●ern sign. : while SATURN Reprotests and Antiprotests; Trusting to the goodness of his Cause; not knowing that a New Patent might suspend an Old Charter, that was never made, or meant, to be eternal. To Compose this quarrel, Phoebus himself condescended to take a North progress towards THULE 1 As soon as Mercury had thus f●llen and appea●ed, the sun presently left the Sout●e●n signs, and advanced Nor●●wa●d in the ecliptic: y●t in ●arrelike manne●, for ARIES the first of the North●rn signs( into which the Sun then entered) is by all Astrologers called the House of MARS, and so of war. ; and, left SATURN should prove contumacious( which some feared) He advanceth in Warlike manner; Sending also MARS before Him, to attend MERCURY; who, without PHEBU'S special Favour, was like to prove by much too weak for SATURN. MARS goeth before, toward MERCURY; Yet by the Way lingreth a while in VENUS House, on old acquaintance; But to his Great loss and detriment, for Phoebus will anon revenge it 2 MARS then also became Northern( both in Latitude and Longitude) and went before the Sun toward GEMINI, Mercury's House. Yet by the way, lingered awhile in Taurus, Venus' House: but to his hurt; for, Taurus is also called MARS Detriment. This is also poetical, alluding to t●e old Fab●e of MARS with Venus taken ●y t●e Sun. . JUPITER follows Phoebus, with His Thunderbolts, but at distance; and not without some seeming great Reluctancy, going Backward oft, as he seemed to step forward: For loathe he was, to hurt his Old Fa●her, yet much more loathe, to be disloyal to his sovereign Phoebus 3 Jupiter( with the Poets Saturn's son) the● followed the Sun in Sagitarius( so at distance) but with seeming Reluctancy, being Retrog●ade. . Both at length, are well prevented by PHEBE'S wisdom: Whose royal goodness vouchsafeth to mediate PEACE: which Phoebus Granteth to His Dearest PHEBE. And so, being Reconciled, casts His wont Gracious Aspect upon SATURN: Who was thus again settled by Phoebus in His proper Place, to the Great content and Joy of all 4 May 30● 1639. the Moon seemed to mediate a Peace between the sun, Saturn and Mercury: for, she aspected them all, on the same Day, in friendly Trine: and the Sun presently( as reconciled) smiled on Saturn in the like Trine. At which SATVRNE was setl●d in his House & joy Aqvarius: but Mercury in GEMINI; under which, Astrol●gers pl●ce LONDON and great part of England. . At this, began an Applause through the whole Scene, while the music suddenly broke forth again, melodiously continued by all the spheres. But, while This was blessing the Scene above; there happened an unexpected Accident below, which in a Plebeian Comedy, might well have made an Interlude, and have spared music between the Acts: But here 'twas much below the Genius of a royal Masque. However, it caused some smiles, though only among the crowd of Lowest Spectators. Thus it was. A Sp●●ist prognostic that ne'er durst think of seeing Heavens Face( but in a Pond, or through a piece of cypress) Hearing perchance that Heaven would now be Masked, The rest is a mask, but This a veil; covering Janus' head with two Faces: of which, one seems to smile( Et quis ●uit alt●r?) as if its eye glanced at an old ●nglish C●medy, en●itl●d, WHEN you see ME, you KNOW ME, &c. before the QUEEN: Thought this an Excellent opportunity to be a stargazer, and yet not hurt his neyes. He vows therefore to make one in the crowd( at this Masque) though it cost him the Swooning of his last and best almanac: which he now regards the less; because he presumes, at this celestial Vision, to get, at least, a New Edition of his Old Ephe●●rides, now almost at last gasp. Having crowded at length( with much ado) within ken of the Scene: The First thing He heard, was a mutter( among some next him) of SATURN and MERCURIES late Great Variance. At first sound of SATURN and MERCURY, He thought This might prove a most incomparable good Notion for his next calendar, were it so Translated, that profane Vulgars also might understand This Sublime Dialect of Heaven; which He durst think no less than Hebrew,( what ever more) for This, He had heard, was heaven's Language. Well, this Tranflation shall be his own work; who yet remembered some had told him, His First Minority had surfeited by eating a Construing book; which made his queasy stomach, ever since, to nauseate Minced meat; specially Tongues, which( with Hartichocks of the Jewish mould) he had heard the Learned Doctors most forbid, as the hardest to digest: Yet, he resolves to take Heart-a-grace, for once, and so will venture another surfeit. The first Course was soon concocted; For, SATURN and MERCURY coming aboard, he knew them at first sight, to be pieces of his own Element; and so might easily come to signify any thing in Heaven or Earth. But as for Variance, This he only knew in practice, and not a word of its Theory; Therefore durst not venture to translate it ex-tempore; but thinks best to empanel a jury of his best Thoughts, to depose Their verdict for its cognizance. And while They step aside into a by-room, He was content to leave thinking awhile; and pleased in much courtesy to condescend so low, as( all the Interim) to Grace the Masque with the Tips of his ears. Yet, hearing nothing here, but Dumb shows( which he understood no more than Variance:) His Teeth open by instinct, and he thinks good( being moved) to enure his Docuity, by instructing some next him; stiching up many reasons, why HEAVEN would come abroad mewed up in a mask, since French Hoods went out of fashion. But here by chance, overhearing His jury wrangle about their Verdict for Variance: He resolves to make a New Foreman of the next gown he saw. But, This Gown happening to be lined with Furr, he durst not a great while crowd near it, lest perchance some Mace should hang loose in its pocket, which slipping out, might raze his Memory with old Obligations. Yet, at length, bethinking himself, that, of all Vices, Modesty had long been most Odious; he ventures to accost the fur gown: and with a Congruous congee, confessing himself ingramm in all the Oriental Tongues, beseeches his Worship to give him to understand, what Variance might mean at Court of Heaven. Mr. Alderman( for so the other called him) either out of depth of Science; or else willing to horse the ass, at least to muzzle him,( Himself being intent on the Masque) cried Peace, Peace; at which the other quickly conjured his lips into a gramercy of your Honour. Thus having gotten the theory as well as practise of Variance; and presuming on SATURN and MERCURY'S courtesy; he scorns to spell any longer, but with most learned confidence, puts all together in one breath; Thus: Saturn and Mercury, or Heaven and Earth, are at Peace, or Variance. But, in the next Breath, bethinking himself he could not prove his words, if any should chance to question him: He resolves to sleep whole, b● Unsaying all again; yet, with a gentle qualilification for his credit's sake: and so starts up in a pythick rapture, and swears by the Genius of all the Good stars in his Horoscope, that what ere he thought, yet he meant, Saturn and Mercury would not, long, be at Variance in Arabic, or Peace in English. Which, he spoke the rather, that so he might intimate a most contagious Disease, he lately had, which the Doctors call the prophetic Tympany: the least Sent of which, he hoped, might easily give him more room a●d ease in the Crowd. Here his memory chancing to stumble on some heroical Verses, made for his next Kalend●r; he pleaseth in much courtesy to perfume Them next him, with a spice of his Pottery: and so by learned expiration breathes out these Rythmicall Proses, ushred in, by two or three antic faces, barehead. Now * June 1639. Resteth in His Aquary Qui non odit, amet tua Carmina 〈◊〉: Mart. Epigram. Lord Saturn, smiling on Mercury, In Trine: 'tis well I wot; but Stay, Till Sirius shall cast his Ray * July August, &c. , And Leo frown: Titan and Mercury, With Saturn Then shall be at enmity 1 Ridentem dic●re verum, Quid v●tat? {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}. ' ●is true, that after a f●w Smiles in June 1639, those Planets continue ●rowning on Saturn all the rest of that year, and most of the next, viz. 1640. But what the Issue will be, appears anon, by the Entri●s follow●ng the Arraignment of MARS for disturbing the Fi●●t Pacification. But, how these mot●on● of He●ven, were ●●adowed upon ●●rth all that time, b●longs to the Terr●striall( or historical) Map, to represen●. . Enough, no more, yet do not Wonder, If after Lightning, it do Thunder. Enough, too much: for speak I dare not now; But yet I'll Think, and care not How. All which, and a great deal More, was but a piece of a non-licet-book, called an All-men-ake: a piece of Felony( what ever more) for 'twas Stolen out of an old Ephemerides, calculated for another climate, and not for the Scene of This royal Masque of Heaven: Whose heroic Genius disdains such spurious Comitragick Interludes: and yet This pedantic' Astrologer, would fain have Canted out his old Prosodia with new Accents, and acuter Tones; which might perhaps have at length been overheard by some of the masquers above; had not some near him( wiser than himself) quickly hushed him, and sent him packing, to learn New Calculations in the Old Counter-house. However, This Discord below, with sweet Cadence, brought in, the Concord above, with the finer grace; at least to the Lower spectators; For the Ot●er needed no artificial foils to Grace their most natural Harmony, made by Heaven itself, with all its spheres. And while this music melted away by degrees, at the North Horizon Phoebus' Rose in great Glory; advancing Southward again with his wont Attendance, sutabl● to His majesty: His Triumphant Chariot was drawn by Sparkling Steeds, four in Front, as the old Romans were wont to Triumph 1 In June. 163●. the Sun came to CANCE●( called the tropic, because he there begins to turn southward again in the Ecl●ptick) but came not into LEO his wont P●lace ●ill Iu●y: CANCER being his Hig●est Aux or A●oge●m, s●ems a Triumphant Chariot. . Now JUPITER also cometh back again with his Satellites, waiting on the return of His sovereign Phoebus; who, in his Return, exalteth JUPITER 2 Jupiter followed him( being Relr g●ade) and was 〈…〉 a gracious 〈…〉 Sun b●●ng i● CANCER whic● all Astr●●oge●s ●a●l Jupiter's EXALTATION. , His loyal and most Humble Servant: who, like a Noble Subject, Thought one Gracious smile, one glance, from his Prince; more then enough to reward the most faithful and loyal Service( possible) to His royal sovereign. MERCURY also, Leaving a while his Northern Station, cometh Southward: Following Phoebus, till he came to the royal Palace, and there Rested, Dismis●ing MERCURY with a gracious smile 3 Mercury was Nort●ern, A●rill and May, but in I●ne be●ame Sout●ern, followi●g the Sun●●ll he rest in LEO, where he was graciously aspected both by Sun and Mo●n, and then became Northe●n againe. . Only MARS is Enemy to This Pacification: whether out of natural Antipathy to SATURN( ever since He mocked him for Dalliance with VENUS) or else in Sympathy to MERCURY( in whose House He had been Billeted most of This Time:) what ere the matter was, He seemed much enraged, that He must, either return and strike never a blow; or else, stay Freezing in the cold Cronian Ocean, as a lump of raw metal, glued to the North Pole, by its magnetical virtue 4 Here( as in the ●ormer Interlude) are ●hadowd some unexpected Commotions strangely disturbing the First Pacification: These are raised by MARS the Poe●icall God of war, enemy to all peace; and in Heaven the most fiery Planet. . While He lingreth in Mercury's House; SATUR●, Threatens him: who quite benumbed, and Frozen into a Dastardly Apoplexy( by the Northern sent of Cold THULE) is forced to cry mercy: and not able to resist such strong Syllogisms made in Ferio, he Flies thence; and Flutters Southward again with all his icicles. But coming at length into Southern Heat, He is thawd again into His wont Rage( which was Frozen about THULE:) and Raging, Enters PHEBE'S Palace; Hoping by some means to divert Her mediation, and so disturb the Pacification 5 MARS being in GE●MINI, Mercure's H●use, APRIL and MAY, 1639, 〈◊〉 here aspected by Saturn; and towards the beginning of June, He is driven thence: and seem●ng enraged, Enter● CANCER the MOONS House: Put in CANCER the MOON opposed Him● as a●peares by the n●xt Entry( in This Mas●●e) which is to ●e ref●rd to the Motio●s of t●e ●eave●l● Bodies, throug● June, July, and the rest of 16●9. . But for all his spurs, His Rage is bootless: for, PHEBE soon Opposeth Him in greatest displeasure 1 This Op●●sition of ●ARS was but two or three days a●ter the MOON had mediated Peace between the sun, Saturn and M●●CVRY, about the beg●●ning of June 1639. , being That firebrand that first kindled debate between SATURN and MERCURY; and now dur●t smoke also, at That Peace, which Her own goodness had vouchsafed to mediate with such happy success. While He yet Raged, PHEBE so prevailed that with a Ray darted out, MARS was dazzled; & suddenly fell dow● as thunderstruck, yielding himself Prisoner to Phoebus: And so, being drawn Captive like after the Triumphant Chariot, for shame & grief, He hideth himself under it 2 Presently a●ter T●is ●●●●osition MARS Fe●l Com●●st( and so was Hid by the sunbeams) in CANCER; Which sign is with all Astrologers, called MARS FAL. . VENUS, at first, was affrighted at This unexpected Fall of MARS, & Fled Thence; yet seemed Ambitious to attend Phoebus' Triumph; & so hasteth into His royal Palace; there to prepare for His Glorious Return 3 When MARS thus Fell in CANCER, Venus was there: but as affrighted, Fled thence into LEO the sun's Pala●e, seeming to prepa●e for His return, which was in July 1639. . At which, She petitioneth for her old Friend MARS, & beggeth his Liberty: which Phoebus, at length, Granteth in much Mercy 4 In SEPTEMBER MARS was set free ●rom the Sunn's●eames, in LIBRA; which is the House of Venus, MARS Constant ●riend, with all the Poets. ; Well, knowing that royal goodness, to all Ingenuous No●le Spirits, is a stronger Bond than any chain, than any Fetter. MARS, released by Phoebus, at VENUS' Petition; was now no Prisoner, yet MARS still; and still mindful of Former chains( such is His Temper still!) soon hasteth into VENUS' House, There to renew Former acquaintance. Thence he plotteth to incense SATURN and MERCURY again: and after divers assays, at length prevails so far, that SATURN begins again to frown on MERCURY: which Frowning Disgust, MARS so resents and soments; that ere long, MERCURY is again Driven out of THULE, and again by SATURN forced to Fall 5 MARS thus Free ●rom Combustion, &c. entereth LIBRA, Venu's House: and thence aspecteth Saturn and Mercury, OCTOB. 1639. Which seems to enrage them; for soon afte●, They Frown in a bitter Quartile: which Frown MARS so Foments by divers Aspects, that ME●CVRY being met by Saturn, FEB. 1640. is Driven again out of Aqvarius( Saturn's House, sha●owed he●e by Thule) into PISCES, which sign is wi●h ●ll astrologers MERCVRIE●S FALL. . MERCURY Falling, re-imploreth Phoebus' help( His best refuge:) after which, Phoebus condescendeth to make a Second progress to●ards THULE: Yet resolves by Gentle rays of royal goodness, much rather than by thunderbolts, to prevail both with SATURN and MARS, who now jointly opposed MERCURY. 6 M●●cury mee●s t●e Sun in Pis●●s & so seems to beg his help: Who( ere long) advanceth ●ort●●a●d●●gain; & in his way, is opposed by Sat●rn & Mars; Who Both also oppose Mercury. Aug. & Sept. 1640. But PHEBE 7 But in Sept. the Moon seems again to med a●Peace smi●ing on the Sun, Venus, Satu●n and Mars,( in a Trine) all in 〈◊〉. again vouchsafeth to interpose herself; whose own goodness moveth Her again to mediate Peace( such still are the Thoughts, breathings, & Motions, of True royal goodness) for e●fecting of which, She prevaileth with Phoebus to Sum●on His Grand council of all the Seeming Deities. Who, meeting( according to Phoebus' Summons) in Ariopaguses 1 Towards the end of Sept. 1640. Most of the great●r He●venly Bodies a tend the sun, in the la●ter ●egrees of LIBRA, The Zod●aks North Limit( ●hat old Hier●gyphick of justice & Iudg●ment) Which with all Astrologers are called Termini Martis, and so here, MARS Hill, or A●eopagus,( The great Iudg●ment Seat in Athens) so called, ●ecause MARS was there Tried by his 12 peers: of which, Pausanias in his attics. ; think best to begin at the Root of Trouble, the Author of the late Commotions in the Littl● World: and so, with general consent, agree to arraign MARS, of Rebellion against Phoebus; Disturbing the Peace mediated by PHEBE'S goodness; Incensing SATURN, and with Him jointly opposing MERCURY. His indictment being Heard; after all Pleas, They all conclude Him One general CAUSE of most of the Late Commoti●ns: and jointly Censure him, to be most justly excluded from the Number of Gods: and deprive him of all privileges, Honours, Dignities &c. Which are all rendered back again into Phoebus' Hands, from whose royal Favour, they first came 2 In Octob. and Novem●. The sun takes possession of SCORPIO, the H●use and joy of MARS, who is t●us di●poyled● and forfeits all to Phoebus. . PHEBE still continues to mediate a Full Pacification, between SATURN and MERCURY 3 Divers Ti●es thr●ugh Sept. Octob. and Novemb. 1640. The moon mediates b●twe●n the sun, Saturn and Mercury, seeming e●rn●stly to desire Peace. : to which end, Her royal goodness prevaileth with Phoebus to continue His Great council; and summon all the CAUSES at once; to conclude and attest a complete, perfect, and eternal Peace, through the whole Little World. This being Concluded on, Phoebus Finisheth His North progress, and begins, the Second Time, to return Southward again, in Great Glory 4 In Octo●. 1640. The sun l●●ves LIBRA( which is the Bound, or Limit to the Northe●n signs) and cometh more and more Southward in in the ecliptic. . Here a Bright Glorious Cloud Disappearing, The GREAT QUEEN, was again seen Seated in royal majesty, under the State( as at First.) At which appeared a celestial Chorus,( Forerunners to Phoebus' Glorious Return) Rising up at the North Horizon, like Orient rays, Sparkling about Phosporus, till Aurora give place to Phoebus' Rising. These mounting Heaven by Degrees, Sing thus to the GREAT QUEEN: Fair PHEBE, Thou alone hast Eyes, To see Thy Glorious Phoebus' Rise: If Rise He can, Who is at height Of Beauty, Glory, and Delight: He cannot Lose, He cannot Get, He cannot Rise, He cannot Set. Or if He Set, 'tis still'ith West, And still His Rising maketh East: But if in South He Day do make, Or to the North a progress Take; Speak Fairest PHEBE, can we call, This Phoebus Setting or His Fall. When First He pleased to change His Place, 'tis True, a while He veyld His Face 1 This alludes to the Sun's Eclipse May 22. 1639. , Contracting in, His Southern rays: But to the North, He Them displays: Speak Fairest PHEBE can we call, This an Eclipse, Setting or Fall? 'Twas Pity kept him veyld a while; For if He, Pleased, pleased to Smile, He Pit'ed Them, He smiled on, lest They should be dazzled, whom he blessed: Or if he frowned, 'twas pity still, That veyld his Frowns, that else would kill. Like Lightning or like thunderclaps, Them whom He frowned on: Or perhaps He pit'ed Thee, Himself in Thee; Lest Thy eye, His Frowns, should see, And seeing Greive Thy Tender Heart: And so himself in Thee should smart. Yet lest the Southern World should miss, His wont rays, Their wont bliss; He left Thy Beauty in His Place, While Going North He veyld His Face. That veil was but a mask, for See How in a Masque He comes to Thee 2 At these words, began Phoebus to appear at the North Horizon, mounting up with Orient rays, like the Rising Sun. . Here They entered a clear Heaven( Full of Twinkling stars like a Morning sky before Sun Rising) singing still; but seeming to speak to some in Heaven. The Verses not lost by the great distance, were These. Adieu ye Sparkles, Twinkling in Night; Who mock us, Counterfeiting Light: Once called stars, and Heaven's Eyes; Now Darkest Atoms of the Skies; All is so Bright with Phoebus' rays: Though through a mask He them displays. Come See, and Blush, Blushing be gone, And Going Cry, we are out-shone. Thus, while the Song and music most sweetly melted away by degrees; Phoebus leaveth the North Horizon 3 In Octob. 1640. The sun comes Southward in the ecliptic: Having left the Northern signs at the autumnal equinoctial. , advancing Southward again in Greatest Glory: being adorned with rays of wont goodness and mercy, darted out in a mild and Gracious Aspect; yet sparkling with royal Majesty; which seemed as the choicest Diamond, enshrining itself midst purest metal; or as a Fragrant Rose, longing to Carnation itself, with the fair Idea of the whitest Deluce. Soon after His Return, All the CAUSES( summoned before) attend him in Jupiter's 1 About the beginni●g of N●vember 1640, The sun in Heaven, comes( attended with most of the greater Heavenly Bodies) into Sagittarius, which is with all astrologers, Jupiter's House or Ha●l; which with Poets was the Great council-house for al● the Gods. Hall( which was first made for the Great council-house for all the Gods,) where they consult with one consent, for settling a perpetual and Inviolable Peace through all the Little World. For this end, at length SATURN and MERCURY jointly resign up all Their privileges, honours, Dignities, Possessions, claims, &c. into Phoebus' Hands. Acknowledging Their dependence on His royal goodness: professing They had rather be devoid of all that might speak them Happy: yea rather not to Be, than be clouded from His benign Rays, and quickening Influence: or conti●ue conscious of promeriting His least Frown; whose wont Smiles, were more than Light, more than Life. Phoebus receiveth them with wont goodness: which, of itself, moved Him to reinvest Them again; not only with former Possessions, but also with great addition of New Favours. Which to make firm and inviolable, he Sealeth, by smiling on Them with most Gracious Aspects; specially on his reconciled Subject SATURN 2 In D●c●mb. The sun b●gins to ●mi●e o●●ATVRN in a Sectile; which favour increaseth, ●ore and more, till about the beginning of ●●bruary, Saturn waits upon the sun who smi●'s on him,( as pe●fectly reco●●iled) in a most Gracious Asp●ct. Mercury also is near, but in PISCES, and com●ust. . Knowing that royal goodness, is still wont either to find, or else Make, loyal Subjects; Whose Freest and greatest Liberty, speaks Their sovereign, the completest Monarch; Ruling( not only Bodies with fear, but) souls with Love: Which still was, still will be, the Surest and the Straitest Bond, to all Ingenuous Noble Spirits; to Rule Whom, is Truly to be a King, a royal Prince. Thus most Happily was a complete Peace settled through the whole Little World; mediated by PHEBE; petitioned also and most cordially desired, with one consent, by all the CAUSES; Granted, Sealed, & confirmed by the royal goodness of the GREAT KING: Which to maintain and attest, Phoebus was graciously pleased to Decree, and ordain, Frequent State Meetings, & Consultations, of All the CAUSES 3 Thus again in F●bruo●y 1642 is a Grea●Me●ting of ●ost of the Heavenly Bodies. But in PISCES. In PISCES also is a ●arr gr●ater Meeting of all the ●la●e●s( but MARS spe●i●lly Saturn and IVPIT●R, waiting on sun and MOON 〈◊〉. 1643 And if THIS MOST GREAT conjunction be not Attended with most notable Events( m●st probably for much good through greatest Part of Europe: All Mathematici●ns must conf●ss, They yet understand not, the Di●lect of Heaven. . Who, before This First Meeting was disolved( after a most grateful acknowledgement of the wont goodness of Phoebus and His royal PHEBE, in quietting those Sad Commotions, so much disturbing the Little World) did jointly agree to petition His majesty, he would be graciously pleased, that all Remembrance, of MERCURY', and SATURN'S quarrel, might be wiped out; not only from His own Breast,( which His own goodness, of its self, had already done) but also from the whole Little World; so that, an Act of 1 This was preshadowed i● the Antimasque of Night and Day Da●ing: where, after Night was cha●ed away, y●t SILENCE and OBLIVION,( among H●r Attendants) were still detained as foils to grace the following S●ene of Glorious Brigtn●ss●: This alludes also to the ol●Athenian AMNHΣTIA, o● which b●fore in the marginal n●tes, pag. 4. OBLIVION might forever, blot out, and quite remove all stains, and Spots, that might respectively adhere to any of his loyal, and Devoted Subjects. But, for an eternal remembrance and Detestation of MARS His Treason; in Rebelling against Phoebus; Disturbing the Peace; and Disquieting the whole Little World; His majesty was petitioned, the Name of MARS might no longer endure in the Court of Heaven. Yet, that all His Former tenors might still remain; But only as eternal Memorials of the goodness of Phoebus, and His royal PHEBE. So, that Heaven should no longer mention the House of MARS or MARS joy: But for all These( in Their Places respective) The GLORY of Phoebus 2 ARIES, MARS House, is by all Astrologers called the sun's Glory or Exaltation. : And that the Place where MARS Fell a Captive to His majesty, should forever, be called in Heaven, The TRIUMPH of Phoebus and His royal PHEBE 3 CANCER where MARS Fell Combust, pag. 13.( and so a Captiv● to the sun) i● the moon's Ho●se, and the suns Aux or Triumph. . And because in all the late Commotions; It was much suspected, MARS had been too much becked, and abetted, by His old Friend VENUS( who yet, for some Causes, was not ●ctually excluded from the Seeming Deities) his Majesty was moved, that the Place where MARS released, had plotted with Venus to incense SATURN; might no more be called( as it was before) the House of VENUS; But, the Honour of SATURN 4 LIBRA, Venus' House,( which MARS entered after His Release, and thenc● incensed Saturn, pag. 13) is by all Astrologers c●ll●d Saturn's Exaltation or Honour: as app●●res by the scheme a●nexed to the end of the Masque, pag. 19 . The First of these Petitions was soon Granted by Phoebus; But the other, not without earnest solicitation of all the Petitioners: For such is royal goodness, much more prone to Smile then frown; yet yielding to Both in fittest seasons: Knowing, there is a Time when public Good, calling for Justice, leaves no Rome, or Place for any Mercy, but That only, which some -call Severity. Here a Transparent Cloud of thin exhalations oped itself, and disappeared * Erit Nubecula fors●n, non Nub●s. . After which Phoebus is scene, Resting with His royal PHEBE, under the State; to the Greatest content and Joy of All. Witnessed by a general Applause, first began among the Deities in Heaven, and being thence reflected through the whole Scene, is again Counter-echoed by all the spheres. Which, for a while seemed to Stand still 1 This alludes to the Winter Solstice, in which Heaven se●ms to Stand Still a while, while the days neith●r increase nor decrease Sensibly: Hence it is called the Solstice, or Sun's Standing Still. , as ravished with admiration at so Happy a Peace through the Little world: Then, as Rap● out of a Pauze; broke out at once, into most harmonious soul-ravishing music; first heard at distance, as began among the spheres,( melodiously tuned like choicest voices, into sweetest Consort in several Parts) then Waved nearer and nearer, till it was artificially Caught, and continued by a celestial Chorus; which entered the Scene Singing, to Congratulate Phoebus most happy Return, and Rest with His Dearest PHEBE, after the Peace so well concluded by Their royal goodness. The Close of the Song was This: You Sacred Fires, no less Divine than Bright, Who dazzle Heaven When You Rise, With Luster far more glorious than Its Light, Which yet doth more than bless our eyes. Your Beauty's more Divine, your Light more Pure, Your Virtue's Purer than your Light: eternal Luster! This shall Bright endure, When other brightness shall be Night. When all the spheres at once agree, To make one Tune, One harmony; 'Tis not so Good, 'Tis not so Sweet, As Yours, When You in Consort meet. What was too Harsh, what was too loud, To Concord now is sweetly bowed: Such is Your music, Such your Skill, All Notes are Tuned to Your Will. While jarring Tones did grate our ears; We feared a Discord; But our Fears Are tuned to joys: On Their base Part, The mean and Treble were Your Art. Strike That again: again: That Note is sweet; A Melting, not a Dying Tone; Your sweetness cannot die: then Living meet, Us, in your sphere, Your Highest Throne. Nay, now we wrong the World; All loyal souls, Each moment kneel, and Vow, and Pray, Your Long abode on Earth: This, This controls Our wish; and makes us wish Your Stay. Be long expected in your Highest sphere; And long give Light to Mortal's eyes: For, All the Beauty which They Worship here, Is but refracted fro●mYours rays. And When You Leaving Earth, shall Heaven choose, Behind You leave Posterity, Like flowers to gemm and sprout with heavenly dews, While You Enjoy Eternity, Eternity, Eternity. Here the Song waved away, Rapt into Lowd; yet, most melodious Harmony● into which as Melting themselves the celestial Chorus disappeared. Then, as Animate by some New Genius, began a most Sprightly Dance to the Violins; which ending in Single Passages, The Ladies Rise to Dance the Revels with the Lords. Here THE MASQU● ENDS. THE SCHEME OF HEAVEN,( Represented in This celestial MASQUE) drawn according to the mind of all Astrologers 1 Campanell. Astrol. cap. 7● Origan. De Effectib. Astr. Junctin. Isag. Astrol. cap. 9 Magin. Prol. Ephem. cap. 21. Pitat. Introduct. Astr. pag. 14. with many more. . NORTH signs. ARIES, The Sun's Exaltation: Mart's' House. Taurus', Venus' Night House: Mart's' Detriment. GEMINI, Mercury's Day House, &c. CANCER, moon's House: Mart's' Fall. Jupiter's Exaltation. LEO, The sun's royal Palace. VIRGO, Mercury's Night House, Joy, &c. SOUTH signs. LIBRA 2 The latter degrees of LIBRA are called Termini Martis; and therefore in the Masque, Ariopaguses or Mars' Hill. pag. 14. , Venus' Day House: Satur's Exaltation. SCORPIO, Mart's' House and Joy. SAGITARIUS, Jupiter's House and Joy. CAPRICORN, Sa●urn's Night House. AQUARIUS 3 On earth Thule, as appears in the following Notes, pag. 22. , Saturn's Day House and Joy. PISCES, Mercury's Detriment, Fall, &c. To This SCHEME, most of the Masque unmasked, refers. NOTES on SATURN, and Mercury's quarrel, about THULE: with a Curtain Drawn, veiled from the Great Queen. SATURN and MERCURY, in this Masque of Heaven, are sometime poetical, sometime Platonical, yea chemical sometime; but usually celestial; though shadowed upon Earth also, I suppose, were the terrestrial or historical Map to be seen abroad. Their quarrel about THULE occasioned PHE●US' First and Second North progress Thitherward. THULE( with Poets, Vltima Thul●) is a cold North Isle; most probably That, now called SCHETLAND, which the Inhabitants yet call Thyle●sall, if Peucer deceive us not. If This be not the True THULE, we yet understand not Ptolemy, Pomponeus Mela, with divers other old Geographers. However, Almost a●l Modern Writers 1 Mer●ator with hon. Camden's ●rit. in His North Isles. now agree, It must be some one or other Isle belonging to the Crown of SCOTLAND: And some think the old poets, by their Thule, meant but SCOTLAND( the Remotest Part of the British Isle) For This, was to Them, as Theseus to Plutarch, The Utmost Horiz●n in. Their Map of T●rra Cognita. Their quarrel about THULE, is First preshadowed in an Antimasque of nightwork, or Scene of darkness, inscribed in a strange Dialect, ΣKOTOS: And no wonder; For, even among the Ancients, SATURN( for the Dusky colour of That Planet) was usually an Hyer●gliphick of darkness 2 Ficin. Prolog. in Plotin. Enead. 2. l. 3. . Yea, some will have SATURN come from the Hebrew and Chaldee word Satar, to Hide and be Hid as in darkness: which well agrees with the old poets' Fables of Satur's Hiding Himself( when JUPITER pursued Him) in Italy; which was thence, They say 3 Ovid. Fast. 1. Virg. AEnead 8. , first called LATIUM, from Lateo, to be Hid. This quarrel, sprung Partly from an Old Anthipathy betwe●n Those Two( among the poets) eversince MERCURY,( on his birthday,) before all the Gods, So sorely foiled CUPID, 4 Lucian Dialog. Apoll. & Vulcan. Satur's Son, or Nephew, as They say:( And Plato's Phedrus is the Best Paraphrase on This Fable:) Partly also from a New Occasion which did anew actuate Their Old Antipathy. This New Occasion was MERCURI●S New Patent, or Deputation unto THULE; where SATURN had Prepossession, and claims much Right from an old Charter patent under Phoebus' Broad Seal●, on which NATURE had stamped the arms of Heaven. 5 Of which, see in the ●●squ●, p●g. 8. Satur's Possession of THULE is a Noted' Story among the old Poets and poetical Writers: Who had a Tradition that SATURN lay asleep in a Golden Pumice, in the bottom of the North Sea, about THULE: Which Sea is therefore called, by many Writers, The Chronian Ocean, or Sea of Saturn. Of this poetical Tradition Eusebius speaks 6 Eu●eb. Pr●p. lib. 1. ●ap. 17. Plutar●h. Defect. Oracl. & of the Face in the moon. Cam●den, Brit. Pompo●, Mel. , Plutarch also in divers Places; in one of which He tells us of an Island in the North Sea, called Satur's Isle; which probably may be this THULE. His Right to THULE( besides Present Possession) He grounds upon an old Charter: In which The For as ●●●h, or Considerations moving, seem Such as These;( For the Charter is not much seen abroad.) First, as, in Heaven, The Re●●●est Planet from the SUN; and so fittest Viceroy in climates Re●●●est from the Su●s Residence, now( for the most part) Southern. 2do. As Coldest Planet, and so Lord of Cold Regions; specially Those, which being Northern, are most distant from the sun's Heat, and so most Cold. 3tio As Lord of Aquarius( by all Astrologers) and by consequence Lord of all Islands; which the poet's place under Aquarius; specially Cold Islands, and such are all Northern, in the sun's Absence 4to. As in special, Lord of the North Sea, or Chromian Ocean( as was said before) and so Lord of all Islands in That Sea; of which THULE must be one. Mercury's New Patent, Mercurie's NEW COMMISSION for Thule. or Deputation to This THULE( notwithstanding Satur's Possession and Charter) seems somewhat abstruse; yet wants not some fair Considerations moving. For, of all the Planets, MERCURY hath Greatest Latitude from the ecliptic, which is the sun's constant Residence; and so seems a fit Viceroy for those Climes, which are most Remote and distant from the SUN; and such is THULE. Also, Astronomers find MERCURY( of all the Planets) oftenest septentrional, or Northern, in one or other of his Orbs: For his Great Latitude gains him one Proper orb, unknown to the rest, which They call Eccentrum Eccentri; which makes Him most excentrical, and oftest septentrional. Which Great Excentricity & Latitude make such spiral Labyrinths in all his Motions; That the Best Astrononomers( Tycho, Kepler, Longom●nt and Lansbergius) confess, They can not be well Salved, Till his former Motions be corrected, with New and more Exact Calculations. With Astrologers also, Both His Houses have Northern Declination; and Gemini is as much Northern as any one Part of all the zodiac: Under Gemini also, Doth Schoner, Pitatus, and others, place the Northern Isles; and by Consequent under MERCURY, Lord of Geminy by all Astrologers. But the Greatest Consideration in That New Patent or Deputation of MERCURY, seems His Great Favour with Phoebus; which All have still observed: Hence with Astronomers, His stile is Apollinis Sidus, Solis Cancelarius, &c. Yea They say, His Longitude now differs from the Suns, But in some few Punctill●'s, for, he seems to go His Pace, and step His step: insomuch that He is seldom seen abroad, But Lies Hid under the sun's rays( which makes him most looked after, but lest seen.) And no Planet is more with the Sun, But the Moon; nor is She more, but of●ner. Astrologers also find Him the Greatest Courtier in Heaven, favourite to Both the King and Queen,( They mean the sun and Moon) also so V●NUS: from Whose three Characters mixed together, He gets His with Them 1 ☉ The Sun: ☽ The Moon: ♀ Venus': ☿ M●rcury. . Hence also They place the Sun, and Moon's Palaces,( Leo and Cancer) in the Midst between Mercurie's Houses( Gemini and Virgo) on either side of which, are Venus' Houses, Taurus and Libra. With chemists, MERCURY is Cold and moist; and so fittest to reside, in Cold moist lands; Such as THULE. These also perceive his Great Favours with, and near approach to, the Sun and Moon, King and Queen of metals, Gold, and Silver. Hence they say, Silver comes nearest to Gold, in form and Purity; but Mercury( Quicksilver 2 This is Mercurius Princi●iatus( as th●y call it) For Mer●ur●us Princ●pians is one of t●ose T●ree Active Pri●ci●les in each ●ody; which are SAL, sulphur, and Mercury. SAL whence comes Taste) represents ●arth in the Gr●at Wo●ld. sulphur, Fire,( hence S●ell; and ●rom SAL and sulphur, so or so mixed, comes such or such a Colo●r. MERCVRY● like air and Water( moist and cold) must st●ll bed●w the SAL a●d sulphur, else they crumble into Atoms: for, N●turall Heat must have Foment from radical Moystu●e; to supply whi●h, some s●eke ●o find an Artificial●●alsom● of Nature. ) in Matter and Gravity: though, of all metals, He be most Crude and Indigested. From this near Approach of Quicksilver to Gold( in Matter and Gravity) Some Sublimate Rosy-Crucian alchemists, have made deep Plots with Sulphur, to make Their Mercury become Sol, of a Subject a King( in metals) of Quicksilver Gold. But True Mercu●y cannot harbour traitorous Inclinations: Hence Their Sulphureous Devices, vanish like Powder Plots: And by Best Philosophers 3 Sr. Fr. Bacon, Na●, Hist. Cent, 4. Exp. 327. Fernel. de abdit. Rer●m Ca●sis, , 'tis now concluded, that though the True elixir might or could be found( 4 G●ber A●●bs: Raymund Lull: &c. the Art of which, was long among the Arabs, Egyptians also, till Diocletia● burnt Their books) yet Mercury could never make Good Gold( King of metals) because They say 3 Sr. Fr. Bacon, Na●, Hist. Cent, 4. Exp. 327. Fernel. de abdit. Rer●m Ca●sis, , He cannot endure the trial of fire( chemical, sure they mean, and not the old Saxon Ordeire per fire 5 Ve●steg: Antiquit. Cambd. &c. , which tried Good Emma) Because He hath still had as much antipathy to VULCAN, as Sympathy to VENUS. But, because This is a Masque of Heaven, and SATURN and MERCURY, Heavenly Bodies: It will not be amiss to seek out some place in Heaven, that may parallel THULE upon Earth. And no Place, in all the zodiac, seems so fit, as AQUARIUS; a most Cold, moist sign; under which, also, the poet's place all Cold lands; and Manilius, in special seems to place THULE 6 See Scaliger on Manil. . Now, as the Poets make Satur's chief Residence, in the Chroniaen Sea, about THUL●; so do all Astrologers make it, in AQUARIUS: which is, with them, Satur's House and joy. And This AQUARIUS( The celestial THULE) may well be the celestial Scene of SATURN and Mercury's quarrel, as THULE was the terrestrial. For, of all Places in the zodiac, AQUARIUS seems most Ominou● to M●RCURY; Who can never stay Long there, but is either driven Back( Becoming Retrograde) or else Forced into PISCES; which, with all Astrologers, is called MERCURIE'S FALL 7 As appears by the Scheam●of He●ven, annexed to the ●n● of the Masque, pag. 19 . Now although This Constant Antipathy, between These Two in Heaven, hath still been observed by all Astrologers, in all Ages; yet, it was never so strong, or strongly actuate, as through the Stadium of This Masque, viz, from 1637, etc 1 To that Great Con●u●ct●o● of Saturn and Jupiter,( with the rest of the P●anets, but MARS) in PISCES ●eb. 1643. of w●ich, before in the Ma●que unmasked, pag 16. & p 24. . THE CAUSES OF WHICH, SEEM THESE. First, Mercury's Great Irritation of SATUR●, by his New Patent, or Deputation, into His THULE, or AQUARIUS. The Date of which New C●●●ission, seems to be about the end of 1637: for a little before That Time, MERCURY was meridional, and waited on the SUN, with more than usual Favour: and there seemed to receive a New Commission, to enter SATURN'S THULE, with more than usual Authority. For, presently on this, He enters AQUARIUS( Satur's Possession) and in it, is very Quick and Active( Videant Astronomi.) But ere long, SATURN, bestirs himself; and without long dispute( be it Right or Wrong; Drives his New Guest out, and forceth him to Fall into PISCES. And, though MERCURY did oft assay to enter again, yet, SATURN as oft Drove him out 2 S●e the place and motions of these Planets, in January 1638. also January and March, 1639. :( There is n● Disputing with a crooked scythe:) till at length being quite driven out, and hopeless, he make his address to the SUN, seeming to implore His help; at which the SUN left the Southern signs, and advanced Northward in the ecliptic, in warlike manner; entering ARIES, the First of Northern signs, and House of MARS and so of War,( MARS being the God of War, with all the Poets.) And Here begins PHEBUS● First North progress 3 In March, 1639. see the Masque pag. 8, & 9 ; with all the Scenes and Entries following, in This Masque of Heaven. The Second Cause, may seem, MERCURIE'S most unfortunate Debility, and Extraordinary weakness, in Heaven; by so frequent Retrogradations, Detriments, Peregrinations, false, &c.( never more.) through all This Time; but specially Anni, 1640. and 1641. Which is like to produce Those effects, which( for about These years) were long since, foretold by the best Astronomers, France ever had 4 See Predict. Par Iea● Pe●it, pour l'Annee Mil six cens quarante, & quaran●e & un: Impri●è à Troy's 1625. & Predictions Admirables de Michael Nostradamus. Centur. XI. Imp●im● à Paris, 1605. . Which is yet more remarkable, and seems more Ominous, in that, there are so many, and Great Meetings of the Heavenly Bodies( through this Stadium) in PISCES 5 See Ian. Feb. 1640. 1641. 1642. 1643. This last, viz. Feb. 1643 is the most notable Conjunction, yet ever was. , which was still accounted the FALL of MERCURY. A Third Cause, may be, Satur's Extraordinary Strength, Vigour, and Activity, which hath been in Heaven all this ●ime. For First, for 30 years' last past, SATURN was not so well settled in his own possession, as he began to be about the end of 1637. For, till that Time, He came not to his House and Joy AQUARIUS; in which, when he came, he found MERCURY, Acting his New Commission; and no sooner saw him, but he drives him out( even the next day) and forceth him to Fall into PISCES 6 Let Astronomers examine the Motions of these two Planets, through December 1637. and baptistry 1638. , as was said before. again, at his coming Home then, He was in his A●x; being in the Apex or Apogeum of his Epicycle, and very near the Apex of his eccentric; Which( as still hath been observed) makes him more Swift in his Motions, and more Active in all his Actions. Thirdly, for all this Time, He hath been much strengthened by divers good Aspects from some of the Chief Heavenly Bodies. For, besides many good fixed Stars( both in AQUARIUS; and in Trine or Sextile, to AQUARIUS;) He was well aspected by JUPITER most of all this time: Which is more Prevalent, because JUPITER hath been much in his own House and joy SAGITARIUS; which of itself, also, smiles on AQUARIUS in a friendly Sextile. And all Astrologers say, SATURN being well aspected by JUPITER( specially from SAGITARIUS) makes great councillors. Whence come so many Great events upon JUPITER'S Conjunction with SATURN. Of which Conjunctions, the greatest and most remarkable,( for Europe) that yet ever was, will be in February 1643, but in PISCES, as was said before. again, He hath of late, been much, and oft, aspected by MARS. in itself no good aspect, I confess; yet such as( Joined with MERCURIE'S Former Irritation) must needs much enrage SATURN; and so( by a kind of Antiperistasis) must needs make him much more Vigorous and Active: for Such is Nature still, when provoked by some Opposite. Hence Astrologers say, MARS with SATURN makes most fierce and desperate soldiers. But, though SATURN hath been very well settled in his own AQUARIUS, or THULE; and there, hath been very Strong and Active, ever since the end of 1637: Yet is his Strength never like to appear more, than in the latter half of 1640, and great part of 1641. For, besides his Constant good Aspect with JUPITER,( either in a Sextile; or mutual reception, all that Time) He will also be a great Significator through all the Summer, and Dominus Autumni( as Astrologers speak) for 1640. in 1641 also, there's scarce a Quarter, or a New Moon, in which SATURN is not one great Significator, if not Dominus Ascendentis: Which makes it very probable, he will be very Active, and Prevalent, for that Time also. * Apertio Portarum( of which astrologers speak so much) is a great Crisis of Heaven, attended with some notable Alterat●ons of air &c. by some great Aspect b●twee●e Planets of Contrary Houses: Chiefly between the Sun, moon, and Saturn; whose Houses in Heaven are op●osite to the Sun and moons. Such a Great Apersion will be in Feb. 1641. but a Greater in 1643. Another Argument of This, is the Good Aspects, which SATURN is like to have( at least for some of That Time) from the SUN and moon, King and Queen of Heaven. For, though the SUN be directly Opposite to SATURN( with MARS) in August 1640; and continues Frowning most of that year; yet, in the beginning of December, He begins to Smile on him in a gracious Sextile,( while the MOON also is very near.) And in February 1641, The SUN and SATURN meet,( The MOON being also in a Trine with SATURN:) which is like to produce some notable Event( but 'tis in PISCES) for, such Meetings and Aspects of the SUN and SATURN still cause Apertiones maximas. A Third Probability of This, may be the extraordinary great and frequent Aspects of MARS on SATURN,( never more, than) through that Time. which is more Prevalent, because MARS is( for the most part) Dominus Anni 1640; Receiving his Commission from a great Meeting of Heavenly Bodies in SATURN'S Houses, at the beginning of that year: also, though SATURN be Dominus Autu●ni, yet MARS is with him in Ascendente. But JUPITER aspecting and tempering MARS, makes him less Formidable. Three or four times in the SUMMER of 1640, MARS being with SATURN, will jointly oppose the SUN and MERCURY. The last time, is about the Meeting of the Deities in Ariopaguses: and this last is like much to hinder the Pacification; but that MARS is presently despoiled of all power to hurt, as is said before, pag. 14. And though MARS do oft Frown on MERCURY, through 1641; yet, being much in his Detriment and Fall, and Tempered also by JUPITER; All is like to End well. But, setting aside This Present quarrel: Their Constant Antipathy wants neither symptoms nor Causes; as many appear in all their Theory. SATURN'S Motion very Slow, except in his Aux: His Influence very Cold; melancholy also and phlegmatic( except tempered with JUPITER or MARS;) Being Remotest from this Earth, and from the SUN( the King of Heaven) and so of a Cold Temper, and Dusky Leaden Colour: Whence not only chemists, but Astrologers, are even forced to call him Lord of Lead, and such like Dark, Black, Coaly Substances, dug out of the Earth: specially in North climates. MERCURIE'S Theory, is( of all the Planets) most abstruse, perplexed and intricat. Though He be lest in Body( but the Moon) yet not so in Influence: For, in this, He yields to none but the SUN and MOON( King and Queen of Heaven:) Aspecting These, His Influence is Good to whom Ho●oscopall; For These He makes scholars, ecclesiastical Men; yea oft They say, Bishops and Prelats● Yet His Influence is most inconstant; Whence His Epithets not only with Poets, but Astrologers, are Ancops, Versatilis, Versipellis, &c. Yea the Chameleon of Heaven, at which Plotinus could laugh, when most serious * Ficin. Prolog. in Plotin, Enead. 2. lib. 3. cap. 1. . Aspecting SATURN he useth to Frown; Being as Swift, Active, and usually Hot, as SATURN is Slow and Cold. Hence Their Aspects raise Great storms, Wind, Thunder, etc * Suff●ci●nt instance of this may be the storms &c. like to attend the Opposition 〈◊〉 Mercury, by ●atu●n( 〈◊〉 Ma●s) about Aug. 16●. . Great alterations in the air, in men's bodies. Yea, in whole States, &c. if Astrologers deceive us not. For, from his swift motion and sudden mutations in Site and Place, They use to ascribe to Him,( I know not why) most of the changes in Wind and Weather; Temper in man's Body; Policy in each State; Religion in each Church; &c. but specially if Dominus Anni; as he was of late. Yet Astrologers( though Picus 1 Pic. Mirand. in Astrol. lib. 17. cap. 5. laugh them to scorn) make him a Constant Friend to the X● Religion; which yet Bacon saith 1 Pic. Mirand. in Astrol. lib. 17. cap. 5. he makes as abstruse, perplexed and Intricate, as his Motions are in all his Epicycles. In this also, he is Contrary to SATURN; who some say 1 Pic. Mirand. in Astrol. lib. 17. cap. 5. , useth to Patronize the Jewish Religion; Because, forsooth, their Sabbath was on His Day( with us now called Saturday, or SATURN'S Day, though some derive it otherwise 2 Verstegan. A●tiquit. ) which Reason of Bacon's is of kin to that of Plutarch 3 Plutarch Symp. l. 4. qu. 5. , who will needs have The Jews Sabbath a Feast to Bacchus, who was( saith he) surnamed Sabbazios; But I know not where; For Aristophanes 4 Aristoph, Aves. Tull. 2d Leg. will have Sabbazios banished as a Strange( Unheard-of) God; except he could find shelter in Athens, no less Superstitious to strange Gods 5 Hence come Those Altars to Strang● Gods: of which Paulan, attics. Laert. Ep●menid. Philostrat, Apolon. &c. , than Courteous to strange Men * Xenoph. de Pulit, Athen. . SUCH is the celestial THEORY of SATURN and MERCURY: and such, in part, the chemical: the Po●ticall may be next; and then Platonical. With Poets( and all poetical writers) Each of these Hero's was {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}( tho one more specially) which I may translate( though others will not) A Man, A Star, A God: But how, or why, is worth inquiry. Whether Multiplicity of Gods, came first from old Phoenicians( as Sanchun, from him Philo Biblius, & from Both Eusebius 6 Preparat. lib. 1. ) or else from Egypt First, thence to the Phoenicians by Cadmus to Chaldee by Belus, to Greece by Orpheus,( as Diodorus oft affirms. 7 Diodor, lib. 1. cap. 1.2.6. & lib. 5. cap. 1. ) Or first from Chaldeans by Belus, and from him to All other Colonies,( Belus, & omnes à Belo) as some maintain 8 Sir, W. Ral. Purcha●. Genebrard &c. ( Confounding Gods, Idols, and Images.) I now Dispute not. THIS the Best of Heathens, uncompelled confess 9 Diod. lib. 1. pt. 1. cap. 2. Plat, Chratyl. Plutarch. Philos. Op●n as among the Jews, Maim●●●d. Mor N●b. lib. 3. c. 30. and This rank of God's the Jews called The Host of Heaven. ; Men, in the World they knew not how,( except like the New sun-born Mice on Nilus Banks 9 Diod. lib. 1. pt. 1. cap. 2. Plat, Chratyl. Plutarch. Philos. Op●n as among the Jews, Maim●●●d. Mor N●b. lib. 3. c. 30. and This rank of God's the Jews called The Host of Heaven. ,) by Nature soon wanting, and by Instinct as soon seeking some God; out of all Entities, chose to deify the Best to Sense( in stead of Better:) Heaven first, and Heavenly Bodies: of which to Males, they suited females out of Earth( This Lower World:) coupling Celestials to Terrestrials, to make complete Generations: the Mother EARTH, and HEAVEN the Father; whose Influence, in sweet Showers, and Heavenly Dews; They thought the best gonorrhoea 10 Plutarch, as before. . Thus, the Starry Heaven( The Highest sphere, then known,) was but Husband to this Lowest Earth( Celi●s to Vesta:) the next sphere of SATURN, to Rhea( for so they call the Element of Water 11 From the Greek {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} to Flow. ) JUPITER to JUNO( the sphere of air) the SUN was Husband to the moon, which they thought but the Best and Highest EARTH, or Earthly World 12 Plutarch, of the moon's Spots. . THESE, were a while so Happy to be Gods alone,( But without Temples, Altars, Images, till Belus' time 13 Euseb. prep. lib. 1. cap. 9 ) Yet so, that Wise men were not so Sottish, as to deify Dead lumps of Earth, or Fire, ( or any senseless Body, Heaven or Earth affordeth;) But, They thought, All these were Animate; at least Actuate by some Living G●nius; Which they called the soul, or Intelligence of HEAVEN, SATURN, JUPITER, &c. And to Th●se was given Deity and Worship; Yet under the Names of the spheres, Globes, Elements, and Bodies, Which each Genius was thought either to inform, as a soul, or Assist and Actuate, as a Separate Intelligence 1 The Platonists rather thought these Genii of the spheres etc Informing Souls; but the peripatetics, & some others, would have them separate Intelligences. . But ●re long, Fond Superstition( borne long before, but now) Creeping out of its Cradle, began to View, think fair, call Good, Admire, deify and Worship, each mortal, which in Virtue( I mean Vice) hath stepped but half a step above, beyond, the Lowest dregs of Basest Vulgars 2 Belus is thought to be the First of these Men-Gods; whence the Jews call●d all such Baalim, from B●lus the first Baal. . This Apotheosis( or Art of Godding Men) grew at length so Rif●, that embryos could no sooner Breath( nay, even in their First Grave or Winding sheet of womb;) much less be Borne( I mean Buried in this great tomb, which we call This World) but they were straight forced to hear( though not to answer) the Vows and Prayers of some Sottish Priest, ready to proclaim them Gods. Yet, at first,( while madness was yet content to be an Infant) Dead Men, were only made, ( as only able) to ●eare that Heavy Name of Deity 3 Yet at death so usual, that {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}, to Die, and to be consecrate or made a God, are Terms almost Synonymous in old Greeks: Philo Byb. Diodor. Porphyr● Lucian, &c. . 4 This second rank of Men-Gods was derided by all the world almost; yea by those that could well digest the Former natural Gods or Armies of Heaven. Xenophon de Dictis So ratis: and the Scholiast on Aristop●anes Nubes. Hence we find, Two Ranks of Gods, in all Heathen Divines; immortal, mortal; so Biblius: natural, politic; so Tully: celestial, terrestrial; so Diodorus( in the places praised before:) to which Varro adds a third, poetical; But These were but Pictures or Shadows of the former Reals. When Art had thus learned to Make more Gods than Nature could invent: while Men, Horses, Dogs 5 Euseb. Prep. lib. 2. cap. 1. , did long to Die, and so be Deified: Lest the World should be confounded in its Vows to nameless Gods;( and Distinct Names, would quickly fail to so numberless a Number.) These Second Gods were wisely made to Share in Name 6 Diodor. lib. 1. cap. 1.2. T●ll. de Nat. Deorum &c. Plutarch Defect. Oracl. , as well as Nature, with the First, which were natural, immortal, celestial Bodies, as was said before. Hence start up so many Celii, Satur's, Jupiter's, Mercuries, &c. as were Infamous Famous men in Egypt, Greece, or any Country else. Yet usually with this Decorum,( first observed in Heaven;) the First Founder of any Family of Note, was forced a namesake upon Celius: The Next heir on Saturn: the Third, on Jupiter: and so on, in Order of Heavenly Bodies. Nay yet more, These Men-Gods were, as the World was taught, at Death Translated to the spheres of Those stars, whose Name they bore, or Nature most resembled, while here they lived 7 Hence most Emphatically were these Dii mino●um Gentium called DEASTRI GOD-STARS( men deified into Stars) and hence perhaps came As●er to be T●rminus minuens, as in Philosophast●r, Grammaticaster, &c. : Isis' Epitaph in Diodorus is not the Thousand instance might be given; yet prove enough. Being Translated to Heaven, They were thought by some to commence several Degrees; First Heroes, and then D●mons 8 Plutarch Desect. Oracl. Plutarch Pl●cit, P●ilos. lib. 8. Hesiod Op. di l, 1. vers, 121. : Though some, more nicely distinguish thus; Daemons, were properly natural Intelligences, the True Genii of the spheres and stars, never Tainted with Fleshy Bodies: But Hero's, were These artificial Deities, snatched up to Heaven out of Dead Bodies 1 And ●or this were they called Dii Animal●s, Manii, &c. Tull. de ●egib. & Servius in Indice. Turnebus in Adv●●sar. lib. 19 cap. 29. . And from This doubtless sprang the Fables of so many metamorphized into stars and Heavenly Constellations; which are more, then are leaves in Ovid's Metamorphosis. Yea, so Deeply Rooted in Earth( though their Tops were in Heaven) were These Deastri; that when Other better Deities, came to be known in the World; Yet Superstition could not part with so fair and Numerous an offspring: to detain which, was at length Invented This Plot: that though These might not be made Termini Cultus: Yet they should still remain as Media: Mediators 2 Plato in Chrat●l: Apul: de Daemon, Socrat. Rossel. in Pimand: lib. 2. come: 9 cue: ●. Plu●tarch as before. forsooth, between poor Living Men, and the Great celestial Gods; that were too High, and far from any Familiar converse with Men. To These DEASTERS were made the First Images, Columns, Temples, and idol Altars 3 H●rmes As●lepi●d. Euseb. Pr●p. ●. 5. cap. 2.8, 9 Herodot: clio : All which were but as Traps to catch and hold some godded-soul( for more familiar converse on Earth) Charmed from Heaven 4 For, Carmina de Caelo possunt d●duc●re Lunam. : For The supreme celestial Gods, neither could nor would, be so entrapped, as These good Godded-Soules; that once knew how sweet it was, to play, and roll themselves in Earthly Bodies; and so were kept in Heaven, Much against their wills: which in their wont Liberty, much rather would have chanted to an Organ here below, then be ravished with the Harmony of all the spheres above. For( besides the old Sweet music they were wont to have on Earth;) They found Heaven at length so crowded; that( though content to Sweat) yet stay they could not, unless so contract, that a million might stand on the point of a Needle. Yea, and so, could scarce any place be left in Heaven, for Better( I mean Worss) Deasters, which in following Ages, came Thither, Hoping to find as much Ease and Rome in Heaven, as They had found or made in Earth. One of the First DEASTERS was MERCURY: Not that Late Grecian Boy of yesterday, But an Old Egyptian as Diodorus; or a Phoenician Philistine, or Chananite, as Sanchun 5 Euseb. Prep. lib. 1. cap. 10. , will have him. And if we place him first in Palestina, we doubt not but the Mediterranean Stream might with ease bring him thence, not only down the Ostia Nili, and Ostia Tibridis; but also to most places of Europe, specially to lands, whose Seas are continued to the Mediterranean. Many Mercuries we find in old Historians; and what was done by All, the Poets in a rhapsody, ascribe to One: thereby making him a most prodigious Monster, no Man; much less a God: yet good enough for a Deaster. Of Five( or more) Mercuries, The most famous was the Egyptian THEUT or THEOT, 6 The First Egyptian Month. ( for so they write him;) whence came the Month THOTH; and whence perhaps came {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}, to be the common Name of God, with Greeks( whose Divinity was first Egyptian:) though I know both Plutarch and Plato too 1 Plut. Philos. Placit. Plat. Cratyl. otherwise derive the Greek {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}. A Great God to all Egyptians, was this THEOT, whom old Greeks call {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}( and by this Name often named in Eusebius 2 Prep. cap. 10. :) Taught perhaps by Pythagoras, who( alluding, as it may be, to this Great Egyptian God) was wont to call God {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}: which name of God, Plato could well Etymologise, when in the Great God he could find nothing but {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}, Vnum & Idem: While in Materials, scarce ought but {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}; and in the best Spirituals else, much {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} and but a little {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}. Whence he came to know Parmenides' meaning( at which he startled so, when young) who was wont to say, One was all, and all One; meaning there was but One True Entity 3 Plato in his Parmenid● Timeus: Chratylus, &c. ,( One, because Infinite;) All else, were but shadows of This One; but in themselves {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}, Not True Beings, as Plato often speaks. Most think this Egyptian THEUT, or First Mercury, the First Lawgiver 4 Plat. Minos wi●h Ficin: . Which may be true if taken cum grano salis; For Tutor he was to Isis, who first governed by Written Laws, if Diodorus deceive us not. Hence is that in Her Epitaph, WHAT I BOUND, NONE COULD lose 5 Diod: Sicul: lib. 1. . This Mercury( they say) First Founded schools, composed an Alphabet, and taught to speak with Grace, and Accent right; Which Art he prescribed by Rules of music; whose several Tones( the Three Best at least 6 Diapason: Diapente: Epitrite. .) He found by comparing Summer with Winter in a mean proportion of Spring 7 rossel in Pimand. : Which way I more admire then that of Pythagoras, who found all musical Proportions, by weighing the smith's Hammers, which he heard make sweet consort, by knapping on the anvil 8 Ficinus on Timeus. . From his teaching to speak well, he was called Hermes; because {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}:( which Etymology Plato 9 Plat: Chratyl: might learn in every leaf almost of Homer.) Hence in each Sacrifice, were Tongues sacred to Mercury; While the Praeco cried, Favete linguis 10 Scholiast: in Aristoph: Plut. & Nub. : which with them was that {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} of which Plato discourseth so Divinely. Hence was Mercury styled God of Eloquence, and all Learning; Patron of scholars, and all ecclesiastical persons. Yea to make him Eloquence itself, seemed no Harsh Trope. And because Eloquence can insinuate itself into every man, and steal his Affections, his Heart, himself: Hence Mercury with all the Poets hath still Heard, Vafer, Versutus, Callidus, Fur, &c. Yea so Notorious a thief, that no sooner Borne, but in his Cradle, were found 11 Lucian Dialog: Apoll: Vulcan. , Mars Sword, Venus' Girdle, Vulcan's tongues, Apollo's Harp, Jupiter's sceptre; Only He spared His Thunderbolts, because so Heavy and Hot, would burn his fingers,( who ever dreaded Fire, as was said before) and might roar so loud, that all the Gods might wake, and so descry some of his Knaveries: For all could not be Seen or Known. SATURN with Poets, was King of Cre●t; and being ●ranslated into Heaven; There became One of Their First Deasters. Yet I find a SATURN much Elder, than That Cretian was, or could be: of whom Sanchu● at large 1 Euseb. Prep. lib. 1. cap. 10. speaking ●f Phenicia Theolog. . There was of old( saith he) in Palestina, One called ELIOWN, surnamed {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} 2 Most High: which Phrase may occasion his Reader, to compare this History, with some of the Jews Records of their Elohim, and his B●rith, whence came Heaven and Earth, ●srael, &c. Who, of his Wife Berith, be●●t Heaven and his Sister Earth; These Two begat SATURN, surnamed Ilus, and Israel; with many more, when were all called Elohim, because Companions to SATURN surnamed Ilus. But This SATURN Rebelling against his Father; was at length so straitened, that to make his Peace, He was forced to Sacrifice His own, and Only Son 3 Hence perhaps might come that ●arbarous Sacrifice, of sons to Saturn● first began by Phoenicians, thence con●inued by Carthaginian Po●●i( Plat. in Mino●, & Euseb. Prep l 4. c. 16.) In which Plutar●h c●uld find the etymology of Top●et, while he o●se●ved hideous Drummings, made b● that which the Jews called Toph, used to drown the s●d yellings of Mo●ochs bloody Sacrifice. . But after This Sacrifice, being translated into Satur's' sphere, He soon became a God, &c. Yet, it seems he left his corpse behind him, here; to be imb●lmed by the Poets; who, to preserve it incorrupt, corrupt it themselves, by stuffing it with bitterest Spices 4 For, su●h would best embalm: as Aristot. Di●dor. and ●lutarch●bserve. . Hence, with Them, He still smells of Rebellion against his own Father, Whom, he bound; Cruelty against his own sons, whom he devoured: Yet, could not digest; For, chancing at length to swallow a Great stone( in stead of JUPITER) He began to Vomit, and so was forced to cast up all his eaten sons again; but yet much mangled and broken, for such was the Blessing of His Teeth. To English This poetical Fable; All fly to Allegories: Which indeed are a Panpharma●●n, able to c●re all Diseases; and sure All, if This One, The poetical frenzy. By SATURN, T●lly will understand Time 5 Which Tuly learned from Plutarch's Philos. quest. where {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} & {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} are thought n●●re of K●n●. , Heavens son, yet measuring( and so limiting or binding) Heaven itself; Dovouring all his sons, being Edax Rerum; yet bringing up all again; for, Corruptio Vnius est Generatio alterius. 6 Astrolegers salve all thus: with them Saturn is Malign●n●, and binds or hinders H●aven's good influence; killing all ●is Sons, to whom he is Hor●scopa●l: yet he is also boun● or limited, by Iu●iter,( the next Planet below ●im) whose good rays temper Saturn. But, of all Allegories in This, the Plat●●ick seems most Divine: Their general Rule, for poetical Divinity, is This; in Their scholia's on Plato●s Cr●tu●us. poetical Names of Station( such as Vesta) denote a Perman●nce of Essence in the True God( whom to be One, and One only, They all acknowledge, When they be serious and not minded to laugh, as Plato himself speaks 7 Plat. Epist. a● Dionys. ;) Names of M●tion( as Rea, Fluxus) denote Divine E●●lux ad Extra: Names Masculine, God's Power most Active. Feminine, His Fecundity to Others. CELIUS, SATURN, and JUPITER( the Three First Great Gods, with Poets: the Three Highest Planets in Heaven) are with Platonists, the Three distinct Hypostases( or kind of Persons) which they find in All( much more the First of all) Intelligent Entities. Which Three, They express by the spheres of Being( or CELIUS;) of Knowledge( or SATURN;) of Activity or JUPITER. These three spheres we find in our own souls( as in all Intelligent Beings) and call them( to speak in Modern language, lest some should Understand me) Essence, understanding, and Will. For, Will With us, is with Them but Activity; the same, in Re, with Understanding( as shall appear anon) and Both, the same with Essence in each Intelligent, much more the First, Entity. For, if there be Any Entity, we must grant there is some,( at least One) Simple Entity; else there must be Infinite Compounds actually coexisting( which the Masters dare not yield.) That Simple Entity must be Infinite;( for, all Limitation speaks Composition; * For, let us inq●●re why a Man is not also an abstract Intelligence: yea why not All Entity? sure ●ither because he cannot, or el●e because he will not:( he will be a Man, and nothing els●, nothing more.) Both these Reasons imply Composition in Man: for, if man's ●ssence, Power, and will, we●e Prorsus Idem● one of them could not bound or limit the oth●r. ) Therefore but One; and yet This One, must be All Entity ( possible;) else not Infinite. Ergo, the First Entity must have Knowledge and Activity,( else He hath not All Entity) Yet in It, These Two must be the Same; and Both, the same with Entity itself; else It is not Simple Entity. But of This perhaps more anon. I proceed: CELIUS, Their First Hypostasis, is the sphere of Being; Essence in all Second Intelligents; but, in the First, They choose to call it Entity, rather than Essence,( which, in the Schools, hears Entity limited to such or such, a Species; but the First Being is Entitas Simplex, without any Restringent Essence 1 But all Second Beings are said to be compound●d of Es●e( Entity) and Ess●ntia, which is such or ●uch a Restring●n●, limi●ing to such or ●uch a Speci●s: only the First, is purely Tra●sc●●de●t. .) Now, as the Highest Starry sphere, is but One, and yet All;( a kind of Infinite) Containing in it All inferior Beings, not only Locally, but Virtually( if no more;) So, si licet parvis—; for, this Sensible World is but a Shadow of That supreme, intellectual, Infinite) That First sphere of Being is One, yet truly All, because Infinite; containing in itself All Entities( possible) yet as in One Entire sphere; and hence, say They, the Poets called it {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}, CELIUS, Heaven. Next within This Infinite sphere, are circled {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}, as Plotinus speaks 2 En●ad, 6. lib. 9 cap. 8. . Those Second Gods( sure, he means) who with us are Intelligentiae. Next( saith He) is circled {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}; consisting o● Three Lesser Orbs● {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}; of These, the First and Best is still concentrical to Celi●●; but Reason and Fancy( the two lower Orbs) are, too too oft excentrical. This he saw, who yet was but purblind, and at best, but in Twilight, or Day-Dawning. This CELIUS must have in himself all Entity;( else not Infinite) all perfections; Therefore K●owledge, He must be Intelligent. And Having All within himself, he cannot but know all. For, I suppose there's nothing required to perfect knowledge, but Presentia( s●u una) Objecti, ad Potentiam Scibilem,( for I now will speak in their Dialect:) and because Beings themselves are not in Us but by their Species; hence our knowledge is so weak, and Imperfect. This Knowledge of himself, They call Reflectio in s●ipsum, which is the very Flower and Top of all Knowledge. CELIUS then Reflecting on himself, Saw within himself, His own Image; Which Image so Begotten, These call SATURN( and is usually styled by them {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} 3 Insomuch that a great Platonist●eading that Phrase in a Div●ne writer; said, he stole it from his Master Plato: as Euse●ius reports in hi●Prep. ,) on whom They say CELIUS is even stamped, or Graven, as the seal on the Signet; and Hence, the Poets said, CELIUS was bound and cut by His Son SATURN. In This SATURN( or Image of himself;) CELIUS Being Infinite( and so all) Entity; must( T●ey say) needs See all several ideas, or Species, which are possible in the sphere of Entity: as Intelligens, Volens, Amans, Videns, Vivens, and the like; which yet were summd up all into four general ideas, Ens nudum, Vivens, Sentiens, and Intelligens 1 From these four( or else from the four Metaphy●●call ideas, Ens, V●um, V●●um, ●onum) ●ome Platonists think the First Caus●, in all Languag●s, is sti●ed ●y a ●etragramm( or Name with fou●e Letters●) of which Fici●us oft discourseth, ●n Plato's C●ratylus and other places. . SATURN thus with Them is The sphere of Knowledge, or the ideal World: in Whom ideas have Their First place; and come thence, First into the SATURN( or understanding) of create Spirits; Then being stamped on several Lumps of Matter( as on Wax) do there beget the Proles of a form( answer●ng to ●ts Idea in SATURN, as the Picture on the wax, to its seal.) This form was by Philosophers, well called a Species or {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}, for 'twas but a Second Species, or idea, Resulting out of SATURN'S ideas, as the Species results from the Face to the crystal glass. But before These ideas( or sons of SATURN) came Thus out, on Matter; They were First( They say) by a Reflex Act of Understanding, as it were swallowed by SATURN himself,( who looked on them all, as One entire idea in Re, Differing only Formally in His own understanding.) Then came out again as divided and broken 2 Hence the Poets sai●, Saturn first Eat down all His Sons: But cast them up again, yet much broken and mangled: ; and so were stamped abroad on Matter, and there made, or begat forms; of which came This fabric, which we call The WORLD. This is the True Platonic Doctrine about ideas: which They never dreamt did Exist by themselves, separate from Matter,( as some fondly or ignorantly wrangle;) Except only in some Intelligent Spirit, which they called SATURN or sphere of understanding; Divine first; and then angelical; lastly That of Men 3 That P●ato hel●thus, and but thus, of ideas; is clear by his own Parmenides, Phedo, Phedrus and Timeus: also by P●utarchs Philos: Opin: lib. 1. cap. ●. & cap: 10. who tells us Aristotle denied Plato's ideas; because, denying that the World was created: he kn●w not what ideas should or could do in the Divine understanding. For Contarenus( though a Learned man) is much deceived, in saying, Plato's First ideal World, was the angelical understanding. In His Prima Philosophia. To the coming out of These ideas from SATURN to Matter, concur Rhea( Divine ●fflux ad Extra) and JUPITER 4 Hence the Poets say, Jupiter and RHEA, Bound and cut Saturn, and fo●ced him to bring up His Dev●ured and mangled Sons. , Who is Their Third Hypostasis, Activity, or Will; coming from CELIUS( Entity;) But through SATURN also, who is {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} understanding. This JUPITER( Divine Will or Activity) with Them was He that Made the World; by stamping some of Satur's ideas upon a rude indigested Moles of Matter,( which most of Them( also) think, He first made out of Nothing.) Hence all the Platonists use to call This Third Hypostasis, The Spirit or soul of the World; That Spirit They mean, That first Made, and now doth Actuate and Govern; and( as They too grossly thought) inform and Animate, This create World. So that SATURN, with Them was the ideal Cause( the Sampler, or Pattern) according to which; But JUPITER The Immediate Cause By whom, the World was made 5 Thu● they express● thems●lves Celius made the Wo●ld. Like Saturn, But by Jupiter: They mean His will or Activity wrought acco●ding to t●e ideas Drawn in His understanding. . And Thus Phoenicians Egyptians, Grecians, Tuscans,( all Nations) were taught to call JUPITER( the Third Hypostasis, Divine Will or Activity) The Spirit, that Made the World. So, speaks Philo, and Porphyry, of the Phoenicians, and Egyptians 1 Euseb. Preparet. ; so, Diodorus of Egyptians and Grecians 2 Diodor. l. 1. cap. 2. ; and so, of the old Th●scans( taught doubtless by Pythagoras) Sencca; They call JUPITER( saith he) Spiritu●●, Animum Mu●di, Ejusque Opific●m, cui proprie convenit Nomen Esse 3 Senec. Nat. Q●est. & De Benefic. . Hence came JUPITER to be more Known in the World, and more spoken of, by Poets, than either CELIUS or SATURN; Both whom yet, They granted before JUPITER, in Nature and Time. Thus All Nations confess, the World was Made by JUPITER( the Third Divine Hypostasis:) and the Platonists say, 'Twas Made by choosing Some( and but Some) ideas out of SATURN; and stamping These upon the Wax of Matter( as Timeus speaks.) Some ideas, and but Some: For, all could not come forth 4 Which the Poets intimated by saying saturn's sons came out cut, b●oken, and mangled. , They being Infinite: which I must confess I understand not. For, how could there be Infinite Ind●viduums in Each Species, and yet also Infinite Species( For, of These only are the Divine ideas, as all confess;) and yet but One Infinite? And how Infinite Species, differing by Degrees of Entity, can be Producible, I yet could ne'er conceive: sith the Last Species( if I may conceive a Last in Infinite) must needs, have in it, Infinite degrees of Entity; and so, indeed, be Infinite: And how Any Infinite may be, or conceived to be, even in Mente Divinâ, possible to b●produced; I yet see not. But Whether All SATURN'S ideas came abroad; or whether only some came out; and others not: also whether those that yet have not, may come, or might have come in infinitum; I dispute not. Only, I see 'tis a received Opinion among the Platonists, that JUPITER did some-how limit or bind SATURN,( so also the Poets speak:) as if Divine Will, by its Decree, did as it were, limit Divine understanding, or Omniscience. So that More ideas were, and are, Known by This, as Possible; which yet Decree hath limited, and made non Futura. Hence Omniscience, or Simplex Intelligentia, of all Possibles; is with them called Satur's Law. But the foresight of Those Things, which Decree hath chosen, out of that Infinite sphere of Possibles, and made Futura; is the Law of JUPITER 5 Pla●. Min. Go●g. Po●it. with F●c●n. ; Which to be the True Platonic Fate, Seneca persuades me( in the Places cited before;) though some following Stoics, much abused Themselves, and all the world with This; because They understood it not. Any Mat●riall Thing of This Plato●ick Discourse( or Paraphrase on P●eticall Divinity) may clearly be Found in Plotinus of the Three Hypostases: in Proclus on Parmenid, and Timeus● also His Theologia Platonica. Marsilius' Ficin. on Plato's Crat●l●s, Mines, Gorgias, & Politicus: with Plato's Epis●les. Mirandula De Ente & Vno. Ficin. De Immortal, Anim. & on Plotinus. rossel. on Pymander, &c. Certainly the Greatest, and the Freest Liberty, may well Consist with the Greatest, and Straitest Ne●essity: Not Coactive, at least not Violent; but that Connate, natural( I had almost said Moral) Necessity, which each Being hath, to Act and Vent itself. Which Necessity hath not place only in Inanimats,( Fire, Water, &c.) which we call natural Agents; but in All; in rational I mean Intelligent,) even spiritual Entiti●s. Which will more clearly appear, by Examining, the Difference, dependence, or other Relation, between the Platonic Celius,( or sphere of Being) SATURN, or Knowl●dg●; and JUPITER Their sphere of Activity: or, to speak in school Terms, between Intelligent Ess●nce, understanding, and Will; for so I doubt not to translate their Jupiter, or Active sphere. For, Will seems nothing but Activity: A rational Will( may I so speak?) A rational Activity. Action is so necessary a Companion to Entity, that all things seem to have as much Activity, as Entity. Every Being is Active in its kind; ●●d in Acting seems ambitious to vent and enlarge itself. As the Spring in a Watch( newly wound up,) cannot but spin itself out, wider and wider, till it fill its whole balance: So, every Being hath its Balance, its sphere, through which Activity( its Spring) must untwist itself, till the Watch be quite down, or the String snapped asunder. Now, That natural Desire of Action, which we find in all,( and call Instinct in some, but natural appetite, or Inclination, in Other Beings) in Rationals, we call a Will: so that, the Phrase of Will is now restrict to Rationals, and These only, but not the Thing: for, might the Phrase Commence, I durst say, Every Being( even a Stone) hath as much Will, as Entity; as much Desire, I mean, or Will to Act, and Vent itself. It would then be well discused, How or in What, the Will of Rationals, differs from the Will of other Beings; Sith These also Will as, and as much, as Rationals; except perchance, Having less Entity, they have also less Will, or Activity: for, different Degrees of Activity, make me much suspect, There are also Different Degrees of Entity; even in those Individuums, or Species, which, the Masters teach us, to be equal. Is the Difference then in This? That, Rationals, and these only, have Knowledge also, to Direct and Suspend their Will, or Activity: which else, of itself is as Blind as a Stones Will,( or Appetite to move downward) and would perchance stumble as oft on evil as Good, were it not Directed by some Seeing, Knowing, Eye: Yea would of itself, I suppose, ever act ad idem, Eodem modo, ad extremum posse;( even as the Fires Will in Burning) were it not as well Suspended, as Directed, by some Knowing Principle, or Act. And if so I clearly see that Rationals are Free; But how their Will, of itself, is Freer than a Stones Will, Videant alii. Even Those I mean, who make the Will & understanding, Two Faculties, Distinct in Re. If They be so; how the Will can follow the understandings directing, or suspending Dictate; and yet be Potentia, & Libera & Caeca,( as the Masters teach,) I could yet never learn. Violently Drawn, or forced, it cannot be; and be itself, Free, at least a Willing Will. Well then, It must Follow Freely, of itself( I mean) nullo cogente: and That Either, in a moral Way;( as the Attentive Auditor to the persuasive Orator, Rapt with Freest Violence:) or else natural: either Instinct( for this is Highest) or some tacit Sympathy, Occult( yet natural) appetite;( for, so we use to speak, when we would not understand ourselves.) Of These, the last leaves the Will, no Freer than the Stone to its Centre, the Iron to the loadstone; Goodly Liberty! the middle, not Freer than the silly Lamb to its Dam: yea, & Instinct too, hath no place, but in Sensitives, at least;( for, who eversaid, a Stone moves by Instinct?) and so much as Sense, may not he granted to the Will, if it be Potentia prorsus Caeca, as They teach. Nor can it follow Morally, except it be more than Sensitive; even a Knowing Faculty: for el●e it cannot apprehend those moral arguments( by which the Understauding sways it;) but would stand Still, as demurely as the Will of a Stone, when the Orator persuades it to leap up, and become a Star, or Sarr's Intelligence. We conclude then, The Will cannot be compelled or forced, with a Lucretian Rape; and be Free at all: Nor be led, or drawn, only by natural appetite, Occult Sympathy; and be Freer than a Stone: then a Lamb, a Calf, a Sparrow, if by bare Instinct: nor by moral persuasion( which sounds most of a rational Agent, or Patient;) but it also must be a Knowing, understanding Faculty: The same( I mean) cum Intellectu: Except perchance the tottering Ship of man's soul, need Two Assisting understandings, ●o one Mast,( like the Two Di●scuri, * See on Argonaut: Apolo. the Scholiast, that is {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}. ) to prevent fear of a Tempestuous shipwreck; which One of them,( if alone) might sadly preominace. Thus, while we must needs have the Will a Blind Faculty; yet Free; and Free in Following the understandings Dictates; in Suspension, and Contradictiou of Acts; and yet a Faculty really Distinct from understanding; we must provide room for two understandings,( two Candles in One lantern;) or else we sweat in vain, we tire ourselves; And yet( however) in the int●rim, we lose our Will,( Poor Will!) at least our Liberty. O Divine Liberty! How abstruse is thy Theory; and yet thy practice much more Difficult! How Hard it is to Find thee; yet much more Hard, to Keep, use, and Enjoy thee! What shall we say then? is Will, in all Agents,( natural animal, rational,) equal; at least equally Free? for, in each, in all, 'tis but Activity; which must needs still be Active, and Vent itself ad summum posse; even till it fill the whole Area of its sphere,( or Balance) of Entity. May we also say, Suspension,( with all Contradiction of Acts, &c.) which seems an Index of more than common Liberty in Rationals; Comes not from Will( strictly so taken) Which of itself would still Act ad extremum; as well to This as That, to evil as well as Good; But from Knowledge, from understanding,( I mean the Whole soul) which by its light, sees what is Good; what inconvenient; and so guides, quickens, or suspends its Acts: Where as Fire, and such like Agents, Act still on, forward, without a stop, without breathing; because they have not, as Rationals, Oculatas Manus. For shall we say, Our soul is, but as, a Seeing Hand, or Doing Eye? or like Plato's Idea of a Good Prince, Philosophus Regnans, or Rex Philosophans? While it seeth, perceiveth,( so Philosophus) 'tis Intellectus; but while it doth, or Commandeth,( so Rex,) we call it Will. Its mediate Acts, are Imperat: Immediat, We call Elicit●. Not that understanding and Will, are Two Things really Distinct; but Both make, Both are, but One soul, under Two Notions. Thus One and the same Commander, Sees his Enemy's approach; Desires and Plots their Overthrow; and Commands a Charge. In the First, he is as Intellectus Speculativus; in the next Practicus, or perhaps Voluntas Eliciens; in the last, Imperans: In Both, in all, una eademque Anima, Intelligens, Volens,( id est, Agens.) Yet, may the Names of understanding and Will, be still retained; if, but to parallel those Two Noble, and truly vital Acts; which we find in that Terrean soul, that lump of living( I had almost said spiritual) Flesh, which we call our Heart 1 Our Heart hath two Sines, and two chief Ac●s or Mo●ions: at the Right Sine it sucks from ●h●Liver pure Blood, and Na●u●al● S●irits( by its Diastole.) The blood and Spi●i●s( so suc●● in) stay a while in the middle Val'ee, which ●hey call Sept●● Cor●is● there meeting wit● pure air( sucked in f●om the Lungs) are all concocted into vital Spir●●●; And These are ●ent ou●( through all the Arterie●) by the Hear●s Systole: whence comes our ●ulse. . For, methinks the understanding may be fitly called, the soul's Diastole; by which it sucks in, that pure blood of Truth; which is concocted in Septo Anim●; till( being made true vital Spirits, of moral goodness,) it be sent out again, by the soul's Systole, called Will: whence come all the Motions, or Pulses, which we find in our moral Arteries. Yet, Both These Sines, s●all make up but One Heart, One soul. On this Whole, One, Entire soul; rays of Light, darted from the First Light,( yet now so Refracted, that they only make, the Soul's Galaxta, Reason.) Compose Those ideas; Which being drawn a new, by the pencil of Sense; and flowered with Discurse,( whence Truth results sometimes, like Sparks by knocking Flints;) Make up Those Animae Sidera, which we call Habits; moral, if of Doing; Virtues if Well; but if ill, we call them Vices: But intellectual, and Speculative, if of bare Knowing; if of Directing( by Knowledge) towards Action, than we call them intellectual practical. Of These last, Prudence directs the moral part of Every Act,( in Object, End and moral Circumstances:) Art the natural. For, Both these Parts, have Place in Every Action( that is rational, Human●, as we call it, and not only Hominis:) and Both these, are directed by practical Habits. Whence Arts( Gram. Rhet. logic 2 All ●ur Acts are {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} or {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}. This is ●i●ec●ed by M●c●anick Art●● That by Li●erall: which are only Three; M●thematicks being pa●tly Scie●●e●, partly mechanic Arts. :) and ethics( which is Prudentia Doctrin●li●,) proceed by Rules and Pr●cepts( Directing to speak well or do well) not by Definitions, Divisions, &c. which belong, to Sciences pierce, to Arts, but per accid. All practical Habits, are both Docentes & Vtentes;( Speculative, Docentes only:) while the soul Directs by light, 'tis Habitus Docens; while it Acteth, what is directed, Vtens: which last, if in the moral part of any Act, seems to me True moral Virtue. In This, in All, SATURN directs JUPITER; knowledge, Action; understanding, Will: or to speak more properly, one and the same soul, directs its own Activity( its JUPITER) by its own Knowledge, or sphere of SATURN. Our Discourse on SATURN hath been slow and tedious: But such is the Motion of this Planet. This may conclude All. Though SATURN and MERCURY could in re, never agree in heaven or Earth; yet, the Platonists found a way to Reconcile them in Words and show: For with Them, They Both are {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}. But SATURN is {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}, Ratio: MERCURY {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ●Oratio. by which last, They meant much more, than we by Speech: For, they say, MERCURY to SATURN, is Semen Ideale 1 Plotin. En●●d 3. lib. ●. wi●h Ficinus. : That Vis Prolifica, by which ideas coming out of SATURN, and stamped by JUPITER, on Matter; do there beget the Embryon of a form; which mature becomes {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}; a Second Species; or idea. Proles to one of Satur's Sons, which are the first ideas, as was said before. So, that with Them the understanding( whither divine or human,) is SATURN; an ideal World: Concepts, or ideas,( drawn in this understanding) are SA●URN's Sons: Words, Syllables and Letters,( by which These Concepts or ideas come out, and are expressed abroad;) belong all to MERCURY. All this, They think stamped on the Genius of the Planet MERCURY; which well aspected by SATURN, They say, gives Contemplation: by MARS, Action: with JUPITER, Both: But with VENUS Eloquence and Wit. Thus from a Man, a Philosopher, a Priest, a God 2 For, All These, He was: See Ross●ll, on Py●●●d. ; we are come again to MERCURY a wand'ring Star or Planet; from whom, all Mercuries first came; into whom, They were all starrified again, When Dead Men, but Living Deasters. FINIS. THE AUTHOR'S APOLOGY. * Martial. Epigram. Innocuos Censura potest permittere Lusus; — Lusimus Omnes: Et semel— Risit APOLLO.