A TRUE RElation of such occurrences and accidents of note as hath happened in Virginia since the first planting of that Colony, which is now resident in the South part thereof, till the last return from thence.  
Written by Captain Smith Colonel of the said Colony, to a worshipful friend of his in England.  
LONDON Printed for john Tappe, and are to be sold at the Greyhound in Paules-Church-yard, by W. W. 1608   

To the Courteous Reader.  
COurteous, Kind, & indifferent Readers, whose willingness to read & hear this following discourse, doth explain to the world your hearty affection, to the prosecuting and furtherance of so worthy an action: so it is, that like to an unskilful actor, who having by misconstruction of his right Cue, ouer-slipt himself, in beginning of a contrary part, and fearing the hateful hiss of the captious multitude, with a modest blush retires himself in private; as doubting the reprehension of his whole audience in public, and yet again upon further deliberation, thinking it better to know their censures at the first, and upon submission to reap pardon, then by seeking to smother it, to incur the danger of a secret scandal: Imboldening himself upon the courteous kindness of the best, and not greatly respecting the worst, comes fourth again, makes an apology for himself, shows the cause of his error, craves pardon for his rashness, and in fine, receives a general applauditie of the whole assembly: so I gentle Readers, happening upon this relation by chance (as I take it, at the second or third hand) induced thereunto by divers well willers of the action, and none wishing better towards it then myself, so far forth as my poor ability can or may stretch too, I thought good to publish it: but the Author being absent from the press, it cannot be doubted but that some faults have escaped in the printing, especially in the names of Countries, Towns, and People, which are somewhat strange unto us: but most of all, and which is the chief error, (for want of knowledge of the Writer) some of the books were printed under the name of Thomas Watson, by whose occasion I know not, unless it were the over rashness, or mistaking of the workmen, but since having learned that the said discourse was written by Captain Smith, who is one of the Counsel there in Virginia: I thought good to make the like apology, by showing the true Author so far as myself could learn, not doubting, but that the wise noting it as an error of ignorance, will pass it over with patience, and if worthy an applauditie, to reserve it to the Author, whose pains in my judgement deserveth commendations; somewhat more was by him written, which being as I thought (fit to be private) I would not adventure to make it public what more may be expected concerning the situation of the Country, the nature, of the clime, number of our people there resident, the manner of their government, and living, the commodities to be produced, & the end & effect it maycome too, I can say nothing more than is here written, only what I have learned and gathered from the general consent of all (that I have conversed withal) aswell mariners as others, which have had employment that way; is that the Country is excellent & pleasant, the clime temperate and healthful, the ground fertile and good, the commodities to be expected (if well followed) many, for our people, the worst being already past, these former having endured the heat of the day, whereby those that sha●l succeed, may at ease labour for their profit, in the most sweet, cool, and temperate shade: the action most honourable, and the end to the high glory of God, to the erecting of true religion among Infidels, to the overthrow of superstition and idolatry, to the winning of many thousands of wandering sheep, unto Christ's fold, who now, and till now, have strayed in the unknown paths of Paganism, Idolatry, and susperstition: yea, I say the Action being well followed, as by the grave Senators, and worthy adventurors, it hath been worthily begun: will tend to the everlasting renown of our Nation, and to the exceeding good and benefit of our Weal public in general: whose Counsels, labours, godly and industrious endeavours, I beseech the mighty jehovah to bless, prosper, and further, with his heavenly aid, and holy assistance.  
Farewell. I. H.   

A True relation of such occurrences and accidents of note, as hath happened in Virginia, since the first planting of that Colony, which is now resident in the South part thereof, till the last return.  
Kind Sir, commendations remembered, etc. You shall understand that after many crosses in the downs by tempests we arrived safely upon the south-west part of the great Canaries: within four or five days after we set sail for Dominica, the 26. of April: the first land we made, we fell with Cape Henry, the very mouth of the Bay of Chissiapiacke, which at that present we little expected, having by a cruel storm been put to the Northward: anchoring in this Bay twenty or thirty went a shore with the Captain▪ and in coming aboard, they were assaulted with certain Indians, which charged them within Pistol shot: in which conflict, Captain Archer and Matthew Morton were shot: whereupon, Captain Newport seconding them, made a shot at them, which the Indians little respected, but having spent their arrows retired without harm and in that place was the Bar opened, wherein the Counsel for Virginia was nonnnated: and arriving at the place where we are now seated, the Counsel was sworn, the Precedent elected, which for that year was Master Edm. Maria Wingfield, where was made choice for our situation, a very fit place for the erecting of a great city, about which some contention passed betwixt Captain Wingfield and Captain Gosnold, notwithstanding all out provision was brought a shore, and with as much speed as might be we went about our fortification.  
The two and twenty day of April, Captain Newport and myself with divers others, to the number of twenty two persons, set forward to discover the River, some fifty or sixty miles, finding it in some places broader, & in some narrower, the Country (for the most part) on each side plain high ground, with many fresh Springs, the people in all places kindly entreating us, dancing and feasting us with strawberries, Mulberries, Bread, Fish, and other their Country provisions whereof we had plenty: for which Captain Newport kindly requited thei● lest favours with Bells pings, Needles, beads or Glasses, which so contented them that his liberality made them follow us from place to place, and ever kindly to respect us. In the midway staying to refresh ourselves in a little Isle four or five savages came unto us which described unto us the course of the River, and after in our journey, they often met us, trading with us for such provision as we had, and arriving at Ar●atecke, he whom we supposed to be the chief King of all the rest, most kindly entertained us, giving us in a guide to go with us up the River to Powhatan, of which place their great Emperor taketh his name, where he that they honoured for King used us kindly. But to finish this discovery, we passed on further, where within an i'll we were interrepted with great craggy stones that in midst of the river, where the water falleth so rudely, and with such a violence, as not any boat can possibly pass, and so broad disperseth the stream, as there is not past slew or sire Foot at a low water, and to the shore scarce passage with a barge, the water floweth four foot, and the freshes by reason of the Rocks have left marks of the inundations 8. or 9 foot: The sooth side is plain low ground, and the north side high mountains, the rocks being of a gravelly nature, interlaced with many veins of glistering spangles That night we returned to Powhatan: the next day (being Whitsunday after dinner) we returned to the falls, leaving a mariner in pawn with the Indians for a guide of theirs, he that they honoured for King followed us by the river. That afternoon we trifled in looking upon the Rocks and river (further he would not go) so there we erected across, and that night taking our man at Powhatans', Cap. Newport congratulated his kindness with a Gown and a Hatchet: returning to Arsetecke, and stayed there the next day to observe the height thereof, & so with many slgnes of love we departed. The next day the Queen of Agamatack kindly entreated us, her people being no less contented than the rest, and from thence we went to another place, (the name whereof I do not remember) where the people showed us the manner of their diving for Mussels, in which they find Pearls.  
That night passing by Weanock some twenty miles from our Fort, they according to their former churlish condition, seemed little to affect us, but as we departed and lodged at the point of Weanocke, the people the next morning seemed kindly to content us, yet we might perceive many signs of a more jealousy in them then before, and also the Hind that the King of Arseteck had given us, altered his resolution in going to our Fort, and with many kind circumstances left us there. This gave us some occasion to doubt some mischief at the Fort, yet Capt. Newport intended to have visited Paspahegh and Tappahanocke, but the instant change of the wind being fair for our return, we repaired to the fort withal speed, where the first we heard was that 400. Indians the day before had assaulted the fort, & surprised it, had not God (beyond all their expectations) by means of the ships at whom they shot with their Ordinances & Muskets, caused them to retire, they had entered the fort with our own men, which were then busied in setting Corn, their arms being then in driesats & few ready but certain Gentlemen of their own, in which conflict, most of the Counsel was hurt, a boy slain in the Pinnace, and thirteen or fourteen more hurt Withal speed we pallisadeed our Fort: (each other day) for six or seven days we had alarms by ambuscadoes, and four or five cruelly wounded by being abroad: the Indians loss we know not, but as they report three were slain and divers hurt.  
Captain Newport having set things in order, set sail for England the 22 of June, leaving provision for 13. or 14 weeks. The day before the Ships departure, the King of Pamaun●e sent the Indian that had met us before in our discovery, to assure us peace, our fort being then palisadoed round, and all our men in good health and comfort, albeit, that through some discentented humours, it did not so long continue, for the Precedent and Captain Gosnold, with the rest of the Counsel, being for the most part discontented with one another in so much, that things were neither carried with that discretion nor any business effected in such good sort as wisdom would, nor our own good and safety required thereby, and through the hard dealing of our Precedent, the rest of the counsel being diversly affected through his audarious command, and for Captain Martin, (albeit very honest) and wishing the best good, yet so sick and weak, and myself so disgraced through others malice, through which disorder God (being angry with us) plagued us with such famine and sickness, that the living were scarce able so bury the dead: our want of sufficient and good victuals, with continual watching, four or five each night at three Bulwarks, being the chief cause: only of Sturgeon we had great store, whereon our men would so greedily surfeit, as it cost many their lives: the Sack, Aquavitie, and other preservatives for our health, being kept only in the Precedents hands, for his own diet, and his few associates: shortly after Captain Gosnold fell sick, and within three weeks died, Captain Ratcliff being then also very sick and weak, and myself having also tasted of the extremity thereof, but by God's assistance being well recovered. Kendal about this time, for divers reasons deposed from being of the Council: and shortly after it pleased God (in our extremity) to move the Indians to bring us Corn, ere it was half ripe, to refresh us, when we rather expected when they would destroy us: about the tenth of September there was about 46. of our men dead, at which time Captain Wingefield having ordered the affairs in such sort that he was generally hated of all, in which respect with one consent he was deposed from his presidency, and Captain Ratcliff according to his course was elected.  
Our provision being now within twenty days spent, the Indians brought us great store both of Corn and bread ready made: and also there came such abundance of Fowls into the Rivers as greatly refreshed our weak estates, whereupon many of our weak men were presently able to go abroad. As yet we had no houses to cover us, our Tents were rotten, and our Cabins worse than nought: our best commodity was Iron which we made into little chissels, the precedent, and Captain Martin's sickness, constrained me to be Cape Merchant, and yet to spare no pains in making houses for the company, who notwithstanding our misery, little ceased their malice, grudging and mattering. As at this time were most of our chiefest men either sick or discontented, the rest being in such despair, as they would rather starve and rot with idleness, then be persuaded to do any thing for their own relief without constraint: our victuals being now within eighteen days spent, and the Indians trade decreasing, I was sent to the mouth of the river, to Kegquouhtan an Indian Town, to trade for Corn, and try the river for Fish, but our fishing we could not effect by reason of the stormy weather. The Indians thinking us near famished, with careless kindness, offered us little pieces of bread, & small handfuls of beans or wheat, for a hatchet or a piece of copper: In the like manner I entertained their kindness, and in like scorn offered them like commodities, but the Children, or any that showed extraordinary kindness, I liberally contented with free gift, such trifles as well contented them▪ finding this co●●e comfort, I anchored before the Town, and the next day returned to trade, but God (the absolute disposer of all hearts) altered their conceits, for now they were no less desirous of cut commodities than we of their Corn: under colour to fetch fresh water, I sent a man to discover the Town, their Corn, and force, to try their intent, in that they desired me up to their houses: which well understanding, with four shot I visited them, with fish, oysters, bread and dear, they kindly trades with me and my men, being no less in doubt of my intent, than I of theirs, for well I might with twenty men have freighted a Ship with Corn: The Town containeth eighteen houses, pleasantly seated upon three acres of ground, upon a plain, half environed with a great Bay of the great River, the other part with a Bay of the other River falling into the great Bay, with a little I'll fit for a Castle in the mouth thereof, the Town adjoining to the mains by a neck of Land of sixty yards. With sixteen bushels of Corn I returned towards our Fort: by the way I encountered with two Canowes' of Indians, who came aboard me, being the inhabitants of waroskoyack, a kingdom on the south side of the river, which is in breadth 5. miles and 20 mile or near from the mouth: with these I traded, who having but their hunting provision, requested me to return to their Town, where I should load my boat with corn, & with near thirty bushels I returned to the fort, the very name whereof gave great comfort to our despairing company: time thus passing away, & having not above 14. days victuals left, some motions were made about our precedents & Capt. Archeri going for England, to procure a supply, in which mean time we had reasonablly fitted us with houses, and our Precedent & Capt. Martin being able to walk abroad, with much ado do it was concluded, that the pinnace and barge should go towards Powhatan, to trade for corn: lets were cast who should go in her, the chance was mine, & while she was arigging. I made a voyage to Topohanack, where arriving, there was but certain women & children who fled from their houses, yet at last I drew them to draw near, truck they durst not, corn they had plenty, & to spoil I had no commission: In my resume to Paspahegh, I traded with that churlish & treacherous nation: having loaded 10 or 12 bushels of corn, they offered to take our pieces and swords, yet by stealth, but seeming to dislike it, they were ready to assault us, yet standing upon our guard in coasting the shore, divers out of the woods would meet with us with corn & trade, but lest we should be constrained, either to endure overmuch wrong or directly fall to revenge, seeing them dog us, from place to place, it being night, & our necessity not fit for wars, we took occasion to return with 10 bushels of corn: Cap. Martin after made 2 journeys to that nation of Paspahegh but each tune returned with 8. or 10. bushels. All things being now ready for my journey to Powhatan, for the performance thereof, I had 8. men and myself for the barge, as well for discovery, as trading, the Pinnace, 5. Mariners, & 2. landmen to take in out ladings at convenient places. The 9 of November I set forward for the discovery of the country of Chikhamania, leaving the pinnace the next tide to follow and stay for my coming at Point weanock, 20 miles from our fort: the mouth of this river falleth into the great river at Paspahegh, 8 miles above our fort: that afternoon I stayed the ebb, in the bay of Paspahegh with the Indian's: towards the evening certain Indians haled me, one of them being of Chikahamania, offered to conduct me to his country, the Paspabegheans grudged thereat: along we went by moonlight, at midnight he brought us before his Town, desiring one of our men to go up with him, whom he kindly entertained, and returned back to the barge: the next morning I went up to the town, and showed them what copper and hatchets they should have for corn, each family seeking to give me most content: so long they caused me to stay that 100 at least was expecting my coming by the river with corn, what I liked I bought, and lest they should perceive my too great want I went higher up the river: this place is called Manosquosick a quarter of a mile from the river, containing thirty or forty houses, upon an exceeding high land: at the foot of the hill towards the river, is a plain wood, watered with many springs, which fall twenty yards right down into the river: right against that same is a great marsh, of 4. or 5. miles' circuit, divided in 2 islands, by the parting of the river, abounding with fish & fouls all sorts a mile from thence is a Town called Oraniocke, I further discovered the Towns of M●nsa, Apahaock, Werawahone, & Mamanahunt at each place kindly used, especially at the last, being the heart of the Country, where were assembled 200. people with such abundance of corn, as having laded our barge, as also I might have laded a ship: I returned to Paspahhegh, & considering that want of Corn at our Fort, it being night, with that ebb, by midnight I arrived at our fort, where I found our Pinnace run aground: the next morning I unladed seven hogsheads into our store, the next morning I returned again: the second day I arrived at Mamanahunt, where the people having heard of my coming, were ready with 3 or 400. baskets little & great, of which having laded my barge, with many signs of great kindness I returned: at my departure they requested me to hear our pieces, being in the midst of the river, which in regard of the echo seemed a peal of ordnance, many birds and fowls they see us daily kill that much feared them, so desirous of trade were they, that they would follow me with their canowes, & for any thing give it me, rather than return it back: so I unladed again 7 or 8. hogsheads at our fort. Having thus by God's assistance gotten good store of corn, notwithstanding some bad spirits not content with God's providence, still grew ●●●tinous, in so much, that our precedent having occasion to chide the s●ith for his misdeamenor, he not only gave him bad language, but also offered to strike him with some of his tools, for which rebellious act, the smith was by a Jury condemned to be hanged, but being upon the ladder continuing very obstinate, as hoping upon a rescue: when he saw no other way but death with him, he became penitent, & declared a dangerous conspiracy, for which Captains Kendal as principal, was by a Jury condemned & shot to death. This conspiracy appeased, I set forward for the discovery of the River of Checka Hamania: this third time I discovered the Towns of Matapamient, Morinogh, Ascacap, moysenock Righkahauck, Nechanichock, Mattalunt, Attamuspincke, & divers others, their plenty of corn I found decreased, yet lading the barge, I returned to our fort: our store being now indifferently well provided with corn, there was much ado for to have the pinnace go for England, against which Captain Martin & myself, standing chiefly against it, and in fine after many debatings, pro & contra, it was reolued to stay a ●urther resolution: this matter also quieted, I set forward to finish this discovery, which as yet I had neglected in regard of the necessity we had to take in provision whilst it was to be had: 4●. miles I passed up that river, which for the most part is a quarter of a mile broad, & 3. fathom & a half deep, exceeding usey, many great low marshes, & many high lands, especially about that midst at a place called Moysonicke, a Peninsule of 4. miles cicuit, betwixt two rivers joined to the main, by a neck of 40. or 50. yards, and 40. or 50 yards from the high water mark: on both sides in the very neck of the main, are high hills and dales, yet much inhabited, the I'll declining in a plain fertile corn● field, the lower end a low marsh, more plenty of swans, crane's, geese, ducks, and mallards, & divers sorts of fowls none would desire: more plain fertile planted ground, in such great proportions as there I had not seen, of a light black sandy mould, the cliffs commonly red, white and yellow coloured sand, & under red & white clay, fish great plenty, & people abundance, the most of their inhabitants, in view of that neck of Land, where a better seat for a town cannot be desired: at the end of forty miles this river environeth many low islands, at each high water drowned for a mile, where it uniteth itself, at a place called. Apokant the highest Towns inhabited. 10. miles higher I discovered with the barge; in the mid way, a great tree hindered my passage which I cut in two: here the river became narrower, 8. 9 or 10. foot at a high water, and 6. or 7. at a low: the stream exceeding swift, & the bottom hard channel, the ground most part of a low plain, sandy soil, this occasioned me to suppose it might issue from some lake or some broad ford, for it could not be far the head, but rather than I would endanger the barge, yet to have been able to resolve this doubt, & to discharge the imputation of malicious tongues, that half suspected I durst not for so long delaying, some of the company as desirous as myself, we resolved to bier a Canow, and return with the barge to Apocant, there to leave the barge secure, and put ourselves upon the adventurs: the country only a vast and wild wilderness, and but only that Town: within three or four mile we hired a Canow, and 2. Indians to row us that next day a fowling: having made such provision for the barge as was needful, I let her there to ride, with express th●rge not any to go ashore till my return. Though some wise men may condemn this too bold attempt of too much indiscretion, yet if they well consider the friendship of the Indians, inconducting me, the desolatenes of the country, the propabilitie of some lack, & the malicious judges of my actions at home●as also to ha●e some matters of worth to encourage our adventurers in england, might well have caused any honest 〈◊〉 to have done the like, as well for his own discharge as for the public g●d: having 2 Indians for my guide & 2 of our own company, I set forward, leaving 7 in the bargs: having discovered 20 miles further in this desert, the river still kept his depth and breadth, but much more cumbered with trees: here we went ashore (being some 12 miles higher than that barge had been) to refresh ourselves, during the boiling of our victuals: one of the Indians I to●ke with me, to see the nature of the soil, & to cross the boughty of the river, the other Indian I lest with M. Robbinson and Thomas Emry, with their matches light and order to discharge a peace, for my retreat at the first sight of any Indian, but within a quarter of an hour I heard a lewd cry, and hollowing of Indians, but no warning piece, supposing them surprised, and that the Indians had betrayed us, presently I seized him & bound his arm fast to my hand in a garter, with my pistol ready bend to be revenged on him: he advised me to fly, and seemed dignorant of what was done, but as we went discoursing, I was struck with an arrow an the right thigh, but without harm: upon this occasion I espied 2 Indians drawing their bows, which I prevented in discharging a french pistol: by that I had charged again 3 or 4 more did the like, for the first fell down and fled: at my discharge they did the like, my hind I made my barricado who offeced not to strive, 20. or 30. arrows were shot at me but short, 3 or 4 times I had discharged my pistol ●re the king of Pamaunck called Opeckankenough with 200 men, inuironed●e, each drawing their bow, which d●●e they laid them upon the ground, yet without shot, my hind treated betwixt them and me of conditions of peace, he discovered me to be the Captain, my request was to retire to that boat, they demanded my arms, the rest they said were slain, only me they would reserve: the Indian importuned me not to that. In retiring being in the midst of allow quagmire, and minding them more than my steps, I slept fast into the quagmire, and also the Indian in drawing me forth: thus surprised, I resolved to try their mercies, my arms I casts from me, till which none durst approach me: being ceased on me, they drew me out and led me to the King, I presented him with a compass dial, describing by my best 〈◊〉 the use thereof, whereat he so amazedly admired, as he suffered me to proceed in a discourse of the roundness of the earth, the course of the sun, moon, stars and planets, with kind speeches and bread he requited me, conducting me where the Canow lay and john Robbinson slain, with 20 or 30. arrows in him. Emry I saw not, I perceived by the abundance of fires all over the woods, at each place I expected when they would execute me, yet they used me with what kindness they could: approaching their Town, which was within 6 miles where I was taken, only made as arbours and covered with mats, which they remove as occasion requires: all the women and children, being advertised of this accident, came forth to meet them, the King well guarded with 20 bowmen 5 flank and rear, and each flank before him asword & a piece, and after him the like, than a bowman, than I on each hand a boweman, the rest in file in the rear, which rear led forth amongst the trees in a vishion, each his bow and a handful of arrows, a quiner at his back gumly paints: on each flinck a sergeant, the one running always toward the front the other towards the rear, each a true pace and in exceeding good order, this being a good time continued, they 〈◊〉 themselves in a ring with a dance, and 〈◊〉 each man departed to his lodging, the Captain conducting me to his lodging a quarter of Venison and some ten pound of bread I had for supper, what I left was reserved for me, and sent with me to my l●dging: each morning 3. women 〈◊〉 me three great platters of fine bread, more venison than ten men could devour I had, my gown, points and garters, my compass and a tablet they gave me again, though 8 ordinarily guarded me, I wanted not what they could devise to content me: and still our longer acquaintance increased our ●etter affection: much they threatened to assault our forts, as they were solicited by the King of Paspahegh, who showed at our fort great signs of sorrow for this mischance: the King too he great delight in understanding the manner of our ships and sailing the seas, the earth & skies and of our God: what he knew of the dominious he spared not to acquaint me with, as of certain men clothed at a place called Ocanahonan, clothed like me, the course of our river, and that within 4 or 5 days journey of the falls, was a great turning of salt water: I desired he would send a messenger to Paspahegh, with a letter I would write, by which they should understand, how kindly they used me, and that I was well lest they should revenge my death: this he granted and sent three men, in such weather, as in reason were unpossible, by any naked to be endured: their cruel minds towards the fort I had deverted, in describing the ordinance & the mines in the fields, as also the revenge Captain Newport would take of them at his return, their intent, I inserted the fort, the people of Ocanahonum and the back sea, this report they after found divers Indians that confirmed the next day after my letter, came a savage to my lodging, with his sword to have slain me, but being by my guard intercepted, with abowe and arrow he offered to have effected his purpose: the cause I knew not, till the King understanding thereof came and told me of a man a dying, wounded with my pistol: he told me also of another I had slain, yet the most concealed they had any hurt: this was the father of him I had slain, whose fury to pre●ent, the King presently conducted me to another Kingdom, upon the top of the next northerly river, called Youghtanan, having feasted me, he further led me to another branch of the river, called Mattapament, to swo other hunting towns they led me, and to each of these Countries, a house of the great Emperor of Pewhakan, whom as yet I supposed to be at the Falls, to him I told him I must go, and to return to Paspahegh, after this four or five days marsh, we returned to Rasawrack, the first town they brought me too, where binding the Mats in bundles, they marched two days journey, and crossed the River of Youghtanan, where it was as broad as Thames: so conducting me to a place called Menapacute in Pamaunke, where the King inhabited: the next day another King of that nation called Kekataugh, having received some kindness of me at the Fort, kindly invited me to feast at his house, the people from all places flocked to see me, each showing to content me. By this the great King hath four or five houses, each containing fourscore or an hundred foot in length, pleasantly seated upon an high sandy hill, from whence you may see westerly a goodly low Country, the river before the which his crooked course causeth many great Marshes of exceeding good ground. An hundred houses, and many large plains are here together inhabited more abundance of fish fowl, and a pleasanter seat cannot be imagined: the King with forty Bowmen to guard me, entreated me to discharge my Pistol, which they there presented me with a mark at six score to strike therewith but to spoil the practice I broke the cock, whereat they were much discontented though a chance supposed.  
From hence this kind King conducted me to a place called Topahanocke, a kingdom upon another River northward: the cause of this was, that the year before, a ship had been in the River of Pamaunke, who having been kindly entertained by Powhatan their Emperor, they returned thence, and discovered the River of Topahanocke, where being received with like kindness, yet he slew the King, and looks of his people, and they supposed I were he, but the people reported him a great man that was Captain, and using me kindly, the next day we departed.  
This River of Topahanock, seemeth in breadth not much less than that we dwell upon. 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of the River is a Country called Cuttata women upwards is Ma●rough tacum Tapohanock, Appamatuck, and Nantengs ●acum; at Topmanahocks, the head issuing from many Mountains, the next night I lodged at a hunting town of Powha●ams, and the next day arrived at Waran●comoco upon the river of Pama●ncke, where the great king is resident: by the way we passed by the top of another little river, which is betwixt the two called Payankatank. The most of this Country though Desert, yet exceeding fertile, good timber, most hills and dales, in each valley a crystal spring.  
Arrjoing at Weramocomoco their Emperor, proudly lying upon a Bedstead a foot high upon seune or twelve Mats, richly hung with many Chains of great Pearls about his neck, and covered with a great Coucring of Rahaughcums: At head sat a woman, at his feet another, on each side sitting upon a mat upon the ground were ranged his chief men on each side the fire, ten in a rank, and behind them as many young women, each a great Chain of white Beads over their shoulders: their heads painted in rid and with such a grave and Majestical countenance, as drove me into admiration to see such state in a naked savage, he kindly welcomed me with good words, and great Platters of sundry Victuals, assuring me his friendship, and my liberty within four days, he much delighted in Opechan Comoughs' relation of what I ha● described to him, and oft examined me upon the same. He asked me the cause of our coming, I told him being in fight with the Spaniards our enemy, being over powered near put to retreat, and by extreme weather put to this shore, where landing at Chesipiack, the people shall us, but at Ke●u●ughtan they kindly used us, we by signs demanded fresh water, they described us up the River was all fresh water, at P●spahegh, also they kindly used us, one Pinnsse being leak we were enforced to stay to mend her, till Captain Newport my father came to conduct us away. He demanded why we went further with our Bone, I told him, in that I would have occasion to talk of the back Sea, that on the other side the main, where was salt water, my father had a child slain, which we supposed M●nocan his enemy, whose death we intended to revenge.  
After good deliberation, he began to describe me the Countries beyond the Falls, with many of the rest, confirming what not only Opechancanoyes, and an Indian which had been prosoner to Pewhatan had before told me, but some called it five days, some six, some eight, where the said water dashed amongst many stones and rocks, each storm which caused off times the head of the River to be brackish: Anchanachuck he described to be the people that had slain my brother, whose death he would revenge. He described also upon the same Sea, a mighty Nation called Pocoughtronack, a fierce Nation that did eat men, and warred with the people of Moyaoncer, and Pataromerke, Nations upon the top or the head of the Bay, under his territories, where the year before they had slein an hundred, he signified their crowns were shaven, long hair in the neck, tied on a knot, Swords like Pole-axes.  
Beyond them he described people with short Coats, and sleeves to the Elbows, that passed that way in Ships like ours. Many Kingdoms he described me to the head of the Bay, which seemed to be a mighty River, issuing from mighty Mountains betwixt the two Seas, the people clothed at Ocamahowan. He also confirmed, and the Southerly Countries also, as the rest, that reported us to be within a day & a half of Mangoge, two days of Chawwonock, 6. from Roo●ock, to the south part of the back sea: he described a country called Anon, where they have abundance of Brass, and houses walled as outs. I required his discourse, seeing what pride he had in his great and spacious Dominions, seeing that all he knew were under his Territories.  
In describing to him the territorles of Europe, which was subject to our great King whose subject I was, the innumerable multitude of his ships, I gave him to understand the noise of Trumpets, and terrible manner of fight were under captain Newport my father, whom I entitled the Meworames which they call King of all the waters, at his greatness he admired, and not a little feared: he desired me to forsake Paspaliegh, and to live with him upon his River, a Country called Capa Howasicke: he promised to give me Corn, Venison, or what I wanted to feed us, Hatchets and Copper we should make him, and none should disturb us. This request I promised to perform: and thus having with all the kindness he could devise, sought to content me: he sent me home with 4. men, one that usually carried my Gown and Knapsack after me, two other loaded with bread, and one to accompany me.  
This River of Pamaunke is not past twelve mile from that we dwell on, his course northwest, and westerly, as the other. Weraocomoco, is upon salt water, in breadth two miles, and to keepeth his course without any tarrying some twenty miles, where at the parting of the fresh water and the salt, if divideth itself into two parts, the one part to Goughland, as broad as Thames, and navigable, with a Boats threescore or four score miles, and with a Ship 〈◊〉, exceeding crooked, and many low grounds and marshes, but inhabited with abundance of warlike and tall people. The Country of Youghtomam, of no less worth, only it is lower, but all the soil, a fat, fertile, sandy ground. Above Manapacumter, many high sandy Mountains. By the River is many Rocks, seeming if not of several Mines: The other branch a little less in breadth, yet extendeth not near so far, nor so well inbabited, somewhat lower, and a white sandle, and a white clay soil: here is their best Terra Sigillata: The month of the River, as I see in the discovery thereof with captain Newport, is half a wile broad, & within four miles not above a Musket shot: the channel exceeding good and deeds, the River strait to the 〈◊〉. Kiskirk the nearest Nation to the entrances.  
Their religion and Ceremony I observed was thus: three or four days after my taking seven of them in the house where I lay, each with a rattle began at ten a clock in the morning to sing about the fire, which they environed with a Circle of meal, and after a foot or two from that, at the end of each song, laid down two or three grains of wheat, continuing this order till they have included six or seven hundred in a half Circle, and after that two or three more Circles in like manner, a hand breadth from other: that done, at each song, they put betwixt every three, two or five grains, a little slick, so counting as an old woman her Pater noster.  
One disguised with a great Skin, his bead ●ung round with little Skins of Weasels, and other vermin, with a Crownel of feathers on his head, painted as ugly as the devil, at the end of each song will make many signs and demonstrations, with strange and vehement actions, great cakes of Dear suet, Dear, and Tobacco he casteth in the fire, till six a clock in the Evening, their howling would continue ere they would depart. Each morning in the coldest frost, the principal to the number of twenty or thirty, assembled themselves in a round circle, a good distance from the town, where they told me they there consulted where to hunt the next day: so fat they fed nice, that I much doubted they intended to have sacrificed me to the Quiyoughquosicke, which is a superior power they worship, a more uglier thing cannot be described: one they have for chief sacrifices, which also they call Quiyoughquosick: to cure the sick, a man with a Rattle, and extreme howling, shouting, singing, and such violent gestures, and Antic actions over the patient will suck out blood and phlegm from the patient out of their unable stomach, or any diseased place, as no labour will more tyre them, Tobacco they offer the water in passing in fowl weather. The death of any they lament with great sorrow and weeping: their Kings they bury betwixt two mats within their houses, with all his beads, tewels, hatchets, and copper: the other in graves like ours. They acknowledge no resurrection. Powhatan hath three brethren, and two sisters, each of his brethren succeeded other.  
For the Crown, their heirs inverite not, but the first heirs of the Sisters, and so successively the woman's heirs: For the Kings have as many women as they will, his Subjects two, and most but one.  
From Weramocomoco is but 12. miles, yet the Indians trifled away that day, and would not go to our Fort by any persuasions: but to certain old hunting houses of Paspahegh we lodged all night. The next morning ere Sun rise, we set forward for our Fort, where we arrived within an hour, where each man with the truest signs of joy they could express welcomed me, except M. Archer, and some 2. or 3. of his, who was then in my absence, sworn Counsellor, though not with the consent of Captain Martin: great blame and imputation was laid upon me by them, for the loss of our two men which the Indians slew: inso much that they purposed to depose me, but in the midst of my miseries, it pleased God to send Captain Nuport, who arriving there the same night, so tripled our joy, as for a while these plots against me were deferred though with much malies against me, which captain Newport in short time did plainly see. Now was master Scrivener, captain Martin, and myself, called Counsellors.  
Within five or six days after the arrival of the Ship, by a mischance our Fort was burned and the most of our apparel, lodging and private provision, many of our old men diseased, and of our new for want of lodging perished. The Empercur Powhatan each week once or twice sent me many presents of Dear, bread Raugroughcuns, half always for my father, whom he much desired to see, and half for me: and so continually importuned by messengers and presents, that I would come to fetch the corn, and take the Country their King had given me, as at last Captain Newport resolved to go see him. Such acquaintance I had amongst the Indians, ●and such confidence they had in me, as near the Fort they would not come till I came to them, every of them calling me by my name, would not sell any thing till I had first received their presents, and what they had that I liked, they deferred so my discretion: but after acquaintance, they usually came into the Fort at their pleasure: The Precedent, and the rest of the Council, they kenew not, but Captain Newports greatness I had so described, as they conceived him the chief, the rest his children, Officers, and servants. We had agreed with that king of Paspahegh to conduct two of our men to a place called Panawicke beyond R●onok, where he reported many men to be appareled. We lended him at Warraskoyack, where playing the villain, and deluding us for rewards, returned within three or four days after without going further. Captain Newport, master Scrinener, and myself, found the mouth of Pamauncks' river, some 25. or 30. miles northward from Cape Henrick, the channel good as before expressed.  
Arriving at Weramocomoca, being jealous of the intent of this politic savage, to discover his intent the better, I with 20. shot armed in Jacks went a shore, the Bay where he dwelleth hath in it 3. cricks, and a●ile and a half from the channel all est, being conductor to the town, I found myself mistaken in the creek, for they all there were within less than a mile, the Emperor's son called Naukaquawis, the captain that look me, and diverse others of his chief men conducted me to their king's habitation, but in the mid way I was intercepted by a great créek over which they had made a bridge of grained stakes & ratles, the king of Kiskieck, and Namontack, who all the journey the king had sent to guide us, had conducted us this passage, which caused me to suspect some mischief: the barge I had sent to meet me at the right lanting, when I found myself first deceived, and knowing by experience the most of their courages to proceed from others fear, though few liked the passage, I intermingled the King's son, our conductors, and his chief men amongst ours, and led forward, leaving half at the one end to make a guard for the passage of the Front. The Indians seeing the weakness of the Bridge, came with a Canow, and took me in of the midst with four or slew more, bring landed we made a guard for the rest till all were passed, two in a rank we marched to the Emperor's house. Before his house stood forty or fifty great Platters of fine bread, being entered the house, with loud tunes they all made signs of great joy. This proud saluags, having his finest women, and the principal of his chief men assemble●, sat in ranks as before is expressed, himself as upon a Throne at the upper end of the house, with such a Majesty as I cannot express, nor yet have often seen, either in Pagan or Christian, with a kind countenance he has ●●ce welcome, and caused a place to be made by himself to sit, I presented him a suit of red cloth, a white Greyhound, and a Hat, as Jewels he esteemed them, and with a great Oration made by three of his Nobles, if there be any amongst savages, kindly accepted them, with a public confirmation of a perpetual league and friendship.  
After that, he commanded the Quéen● of Apamatuc, a comely young savage, to give ●water● water, a Turkiecocke, and bread to eat: being thus feasted, he began his discourse to this purpose. Your kind visitation doth much content me, but where is your father whom I much desire to see, is he not with you. I told him he remained aboard, but the next day he would come unto him, with a merry countenance he asked me for certain pieces I which promised him, when I went to Paspahegh, I told according to my promise, that I proffered the man that went with me four 〈◊〉 Coluerings, in that he so desired a great Gun, but they re●●sed to take them, whereat with aloud laughter, he desired to give him some of less burden, as for the other I gave him them, being sure that none could carry them: but where are these men you promised to come with you, I told him without, who thereupon gave order to hau● them brought in, two after two, ever maintaining the guard without. And as they presented themselves ever with thanks, he would saint me, and caused each of them to have four or five pound of bread given them. This done, I asked him for the corn and ground he promised me He told me I should have it, but he expected to have all these men lay their arms at his feet, as did his subjects. I told him that was a ceremony our enemies desired, but never our Friends, as we presented ourselves unto him, yet that he should 〈◊〉 doubt of our friendship: the next day my Father would give him a child of ●is, in full assurance of our loves, and not only that, but when he should think it convenient, we would deliver under his subjection the Country of Manacam and Pocough●aonack his enemies.  
This so contented him, as immediately with attentive silence, with a loud oration he proclaimed me Awerowanes of Powhaton, and that all his subjects should so esteem us, and no man account us strangers nor Paspaheghans', but Powhatans', and that the Corn, women and Country, should be to us as to his own people: this proffered kindness for many reasons we contemned not, but with the best Languages and signs of thanks I could express, I took my leave.  
The King rising from his seat, conducted me forth, and caused each of my men to have as much more bread as he could bear: giving me some in a basket, & as much he sent a board for a present to my Father: victuals you must know is all there wealth, and the greatest kindness they could show us: arriving at the River, the Barge was fallen so low with the ebb, though I had given order and oft sent to prevent the same, yet the messengers deceived me, the Skies being very thick and rainy, the King understanding this mischance, sent his Son and Mamontacke, to conduct me to a great house sufficient to lodge me, where entering I saw it hung round with bows and arrows.  
The Indians used all diligence to make us fires, & give us content: the king's Orators presently entertained us with a kind oration, with express charge that not any should steal, or take out bows or arrows, or offer any injury.  
Presently after he sent me a quarter of Venison to slay my stomach: in the evening he sent for me to come only with two shot with me: the company I g●ue order to stand upon their guard, & to maintain two sentries at the ports all night. To my supper he set before me meat for twenty men, & seeing I could not eat, he caused it to be given to my men: for this is a general custom, that what they give, not to take again, but you most either eat it, give it away, or carry it with you: two or three hours we spent in our a●●ent discourses, which done, I was with a fire stick lighted to my lodging.  
The next day the King conducting me to the River, showed me his Canawes, and described unto me how he sent them over the Bay, for tribute Beads: and also what Countries paid him Beads, Copper or 〈◊〉. But seeing Captain Nuport, and Master Scrivener, coming a shore, the King returned to his house, and I went to meet him, with a trumpet before him, we marched to the King: who after his old manner kindly received him, especially a Boy of thirtéen years old, called Thomas savage, whom he gave him as his Sanne: he requited this kindness with each of us a great basket of beans, and entertaining him with the former discourse, we passed away that day, and agreed to bargain the next day, and so returned to our Pinnace: the next day coming shore in like order, the king having kindly entertained us with a breakfast, questioned with us in this manner.  
Why we came armed in that sort, seeing he was our friend, and had neither bows nor arrows, what did we doubt? I told him it was the custom of our Country, not doubting of his kindness any ways, wherewith though he seemed satisfied, yet Captain Nuport caused all our men to retire to the water side, which was some thirty score from thence: but to prevent the worst, Master Scrivener or I were either the one or other by the Barge, experience had w●ll taught me to believe his friendship, till convenient opportunity suff●ed him to betrey us, but quickly this politician had perceived my absence, and ●unningly sent for me; I sent for Master Scrivener to supply my place, the King would demand for him, I would again relée●● him, and they sought to satisfy our suspicion with kind Language, and not being agreed to trade for corn, he desired to see all our Hatchets and Copper together, for which he would give us corn, with that ancient trick● the Chick ahamaniens had oft acquainted me: his offer I refused, offering first to see what he would give for one piece, he seeming to despise the nature of a Merchant, did scorn to sell, but we freely should give him, and he liberally would requite us.  
Captain Nuport would not with less than twelve great Coppers try his kindness, which he liberally requited with as much corn as of Chickah●mania, I had for one of less proportion: our Hatchets he would also have at his own rate, for which kindness ●ée much seemed to affect Captain Nuport, some few bunches of blue Beads I had, which he much desired, and seeing so few, he off●●d me a basket of two pecks, and that which I drew to be three pecks at the least, and yet seemed contented and desired more: I agreed with him the next day for two bushels, for the ebb now constrained us to return to our Boat, although he earnestly vesi●ed us to stay dinner which was a providing, and being ready he sent aboard after us, which was bread and venison, sufficient for fifty or sixty persons.  
The next day he sent his Son in the morning not to bring a shore with us any pieces, lest his women and children should fears. Captain Nuports good belief would have satisfied that request, yet twenty or twenty five shot we got a shore: the King in portuning me to leave my arms aboard, much misliking my sword, pistol and target, I told him the man that slew my Brother with the like terms had persuaded me, and being unarmed shot at us, and so betrayed us.  
He oft entreated Captain Nuport that his men might lean their arms, which still he commanded to the water side, this day we spent in trading for blue Beads, and having near straighted our Barge.  
Captain Nuport returned with them that came aboard, having me and Master Scrivener a shore, to follow in Canowes'; into one I got with six of our men, which being launched a stones cast from the shore stuck fast in the Ose: Master Scrivener seeing this example, with seven or eight more passed the dreadful bridge, thinking to have found deeper water on the other cr●●ke, but they were in forced to stay with such entertainment as a savage, being forced ashore with wind and rain, having in his Canow, as commonly they have, his house and household, instantly seeing 〈◊〉 up a house of mats which succoured them from the storm. 〈◊〉  
The Indians seeing 〈◊〉 pestered in the Ose, called to me, six or seven of the King's chiefs men threw off their skins, and to the middle in Ose came to bear me out on their heads, their import●●acie caused me better to like the Canow then their curtes●e, excusing my denial for fear to fall into the Ose, desiring them to bring me some w●●d, fire, and mats, to cover me, and I would content them: each presently gave his help to satisfy my request, which pains a horse would scarce have endured, yet a couple of bells richly contented them.  
The Emperors sent his Seaman Mantivas in the evening with bread and victual for me and my men, he no more scrip●●●s than the rest seemed to take a pride in showing how 〈◊〉 he regarded that miserable cold and d●rty passage, though a d●ggs would scarce have endured it, this kindness I found, when I little expected less than a mischiefs, but the black● night parting our companies, ere midnight the 〈◊〉 served to carry us aboard: the next day we came ashore, the King with a solemn discourse causing all to depart, but his principal men, and this was the effect, when as he perceived that we had a desire to invade Monacum, against whom he was no professed enemy, yet thus far he would assist us in this enterprise: First he would send his spies, perfectly to understand their strength and ability ●o fight, with which he would acquaint us himself.  
Captain Nuport would not be seen in it himself, being great Werowances, they would stay at home, but I, Master Scrivener, and two of his Sons, and Opechankanough. The King of Pamaunke should have 100 of his men to go before as though they were hunting, they giving us notice where was the advantage we should kill them, the wcomen and young children he wished we should spare, & bring them to him, only 100 or 150. of our men he held sufficient for this exploit: our boats should stay at the falls, where we might hew timber, which we might convey each man a piece till we were past the stones, and there join them, to pass our men by water, if any were shot, his men should bring them back to our boats, this fair tale had almost made Captain Nuport undertake, by this means to discover the South sea, which will not be without treachery, if we ground our intent upon his constancy.  
This day we spent in trading, dancing, and much mirth, the King of Pamaunke sent his messenger, as yet not knowing Captain Nuport, to come unto him: who had long expected me, desiring also my Father to visit him: the messenger stayed to conduct us, but Powhatan understanding that we had Hatchets lately come from Paspahegh, desired the next day to trade with us, and not to go further.  
This new trick he cunningly pot upon him, but only to have what he listed, and to try whether we would go or stay, Opechanke●oughs messenger returned that we would not come: the next day his Daughter came to entreat me, showing her Father had hurt his leg, and much sorrowed he could not see me.  
Captain Nuport being not to be persuaded to go in, that Powhatan had desired us to stay: sent her away with the like answer, yet the next day upon better consideration entreaty prevailed, and we anchored at Cinquoateck, the first swain above the parting of the river, where dwelled two Kings of Pamaunke, Brothers to Powhatan: the one called Opitchapam, the other Katatough, to these I went a shore, who kindly entreated me and Master Scrivener, sending some presents aboard to Captain● Nuport, whilst we were trucking with these Kings.  
Opechankanough his wife, women, and children came to meet me with a natural kind affection, he seemed to rejoice to see me.  
Captain Nuport came a shore, with many kind discourses we passed that forenoon: and after di●●er, Captain Nuport went about with the Pinnace to Menapacant which is twenty miles by water, and not one by land: Opechankanough, conducted me and Master Scrivener by land, where having built a feasting house a purpose to entertain us with a kind Orali●n, after their manner and his best provision, kindly welcomed us, that day he would not trucks, but did his best to delight us with content: Captain Nuport arrived towards evening, whom the King presented with six great platters of five bread, and Pansa●owm●●a, the next day till none we traded: the King feasted all the company, and the afternoon was spent in playing, dancing, and delight, by no means he would have us depart till the next day, he had feasted us with veni●on, for which he had sent, having spent his first and second provision in expecting out coming: the next day he performed his promise, giving more to us three, then would have sufficed 30. and in that we carried not away what we le●●, he sent it after us to the Pinnace, with what words or signs of love he could express, we departed.  
Captain. Nuport in the Pinnace, leaving me in the Barge to dig a rock, where we supposed a Mine at Cinquaoreck, which done, ere midnight I arrived at Werac●m●co, where our Pinnace anchored, b●ing 20. miles from Cinquao●ecke, the next day we took leave of Powhatan, who in regard of his kindness gave him an Indian, he will affected to go with him for England in steed of his Son, the cause I assure me was to know our strength and Country's condition: the next day we arrived at Kiskiack, the people so scornfully entertained us, as with what signs of scorn and discontent we could, we departed and returned to our Fort with 250. bushels of Corn, our precedent being not wholly recovered of his sickness, in discharging, his Piece broke and split his hand off, which he is not yet well recovered.  
At Captain Nuports arrival, we were victualled for tw●lue weeks, and having furnished him of what he thought good, he set sail for England the tenth of April: Master Scrivener and myself with our shallop, accompanied him to Captain Hendrick.  
Powhatan having for a farewell, sent him five or six men's loadings, with Torkeyes for swords, which he sent him in our return to y●●ort: we discovered the 〈◊〉 of Nausamd, a proud warlike Nation, as well we may testified, at our first arrival at Chesiapiack: but that injury Captain Nuport well revenged at his return, where some of them in●i●●ng him to their 〈◊〉 by a da●nce, he perceiving their intent, with a valley of musket that, slew one, and shot one or two more, as themselves confess, the King at our arrival sent for me to come unto him: I sent him word what commodities I had to exchange for wheat, and if he would as had the rest of his Neighbours, conclude a Peace, we were contented, at last he came down before the Boat which rid at anchor some forty yards from the shore, he signified to me to come a shore, and sent a Canow with four or five of his men, two whereof I desired to come aboard & to stay, & I would send two to talk with their King a shore, to this he agreed: the King we presented with a piece of Copper, which he kindly excepted, and sent for victuals to entertain the messengers.  
Master Scrivener and myself also, after that went a shore: the King kindly feasted us, requesting us to stay to trade till the next day, which having done, we returned to the Fort, this river is a musket shot broad, each side being should bays, a narrow channel but three fathom, his course for eighteen miles, almost directly South, and by West, where beginneth the first inhabitants, for a mile it turneth directly East, towards the West, a great bay and a white chaukie Island, convenient for a Fort: his next course South, where within a quarter of a mile, the river divideth in two, the neck a plain high Corn field, the wester bought a high plain likewise, the North-east answerable in all respects: in these plains are planted abundance of houses and people, they may contain 1000 Acres of most excellent fertile ground, so sweéete, so pleasant, so beautiful, and so strong a prospect, for an invincible strong City, with so many commodities, that I know as yet I have not seen: This is within one deys journey of Chawwonocke, the river falleth into the King's river, within twelve miles of Cape-hendicke.  
At our Fort, the ●ooles we had were so ordinarily stolen by the Indians, as necessity enforced us to correct their braving thievery: for he that stol● to day, durst came again the next day. One amongst the rest, having stolen two swords, I got the Counsels consent to set in the bilboeses: the next day with three more, he came with their wooden swords in the midst of our men to steal, their custom is to take any thing they can cease off, only the people of Pamaunke, we have not found stealing: but what others can steal, their King receiveth.  
I had them depart, but flourishing their swords, they seemed to defend what they could catch but out of our hands, his pride urged me to turn him from amongst us, whereat he offered to strike me with his sword, which I prevented, striking him first: the rest eff●ing to revenge the blow, received suck an encounter, and fled; the better to affright them, I pursued them with five or six shot, and so chased them out of the Island: the beginning of this broil, little expecting by his carriage, we durst have resisted, having even till that present, not been contradicted, especially them of Paspahegh: these Indians within one hour, having by other savages, then in the Fort, understood that I threatened to be revenged, came presently of themselves, and fell to working upon our wears, which were then in hand by other savages, who seeing their pride so encountered, were so so submissive, and willing to do any thing as might be, and with trembling fear, desired to be friends within three days after: From Nawsamond which is 30. miles from us, the King sent us a Hatchet, which they had stolen from us at our being there: the messenger as is the custom, also we well rewarded and contented.  
The twenty of April, being at work, in hewing down Trees, and setting Corn, an alarm caused us with all speed to take our arms, each expecting a new assault of the savages: but understanding it a Boat under sail, our doubts were pr●●ently satisfied, with the happy sight of Master Nelson, his many perils of extreme storms and tempests. His ship well, as his company could testify his care in sparing our provision, was well: but the providence thereof, as also of our stones, Hatchets, and other fools, only ours excepted, which of all the rest was most necessary, which might enforce us, to think either a seditious traitor to our action, or a most unconscionable deceiver of our treasures. This happy arrival of Master Nelson in the Phoenix, having been then about three months missing, after Captain Nuports arrival, being to all our expectations lost: albeit, that now at the last, having been long crossed with tempest●ous weather, and contrary winds, his so unexpected coming, did so ravish us with exceeding joy, that now we thought ourselves as well filled, as our hearts could wish, both with a competent number of men, as also for all other needful provisions, till a further supply should come unto us: whereupon the first thing that was concluded, was, that myself, and Master Scrivener, should with 70. men go with the best means we could provide, to discover beyond the Falls, as in our judgements conveniently we might: six or seven days we spent only in training, our men to march, fight, and scirwish in the woods, their willing minds to this action, so quickened their understanding in this exercise, as in all judgements we were better able to fight with Powhatans' whole force: in our order of battle amongst the Trees, (for Thicks there is few) than the Fort was to rep●●s● 400. at the first assault, with some ten or twenty shot, not knowing what to do, nor how to use a Piece: our warrant being s●aled, Master Nelson refused to 〈◊〉 us with the voluntary Mariners, and himself as be promised, unless we would stand bound to pay the hire for ship, and Mariners, for the time they stayed: and further there was some controversy, through the diversity of Contrary opinions, some alleging, that how profitable, and to what good purpose soever our journey should portend, yet our commission, commanding no certain design, we should be taxed for the most indiscréete men in the world, besides the wrong we should do to Captain Nuport, to whom only all discoveries did belong, and 〈◊〉 no other: the means for guides, beside the uncertain courses of the river, from which we could not err much, each night would fortify us in two hours, better than that they first called the Fort, their Towns upon the river, each within one days journey of other, besides our ordinary provision, might well be supposed to add relief: for truck & dealing only, but in love & peace, as with the rest; if they assaulted us, their Towns they cannot defend, nor their lnggage to convey, that we should not share, but admit the worst, 16. days provision we had of Ch●●se, Oatmeal, and b●●ket besides our rand●nous, we could and might have hid in the ground. With six men, Captain Martin, would have undertaken it himself, leaving the rest to defend the Fort, and plant our Corn: yet no reason could be reason, to procéed● forward, though we were going aboard to set sail: These discontents caused so many doubts to some, and discouragement to others, as our journey ended: yet some of us procured petitions to set us forward, only with hope o● our own confusions, our next course was to turn husbandmen, to fell Trees and set Corne. Fifty of our men, we employed in this service, the rest kept the Fort, to do the command of the precedent, and Captain Martin, 30. days the ship lay expecting that trial of certain matters, which for some cause I keep private: that next exploit was an Indian having stolen an Are was so pursued by Master Scrivener, & them next him, as he threw it down, and flying, drew his how at any that durst encounter him: within four or five days alter, Master Scr●uener and I, being a little from the Fort, among the Corn, two Indiants, each with a codgell, and all newly painted with T●rrasigillate, came circling about me, as though they would have clubed me like a hare: I knew their feigning love is towards me, not withort a deadly hatred, but to prevent the worst, I calling master Scrivener retired to the Fort: the Indians seeing me suspect them, with good 〈◊〉, asked me for some of their men, whom they would beat, and went with me into our Fort, ●●nding one that lay ordinarily with us, only for a spy: they offered to beat him, I in persuading them to forbear, they offered to begin with me being now four for two other arrayed in like manner, came in on the other side the Fort: whereupon I caused to shut the Ports, and apprehend them. The precedent and Counsel, being presently acquainted, remembering at the first assault, they came in like manner, and never else but against some villavie, concluded to commit them to prison, and expect the event, eight more we ceased at that present, an hour after came three or four other strangers, extraordinarily fited with arrows, s●innes, and shooting gloves, their jealousy and fear, bewrayed their bad intent, as also their suspicious departure.  
The next day came first an Indian, than another as Ambassadors for their men, they desired to speak with me, our discourse was, that what Spades, Shovels, swords, or fools they had stain, to bring home (if not the next day, they should hang) the next news was, they had taken two of our men, ranging in the woods, which mischief no punishment will prevent bat hanging, and these they would should redeem their own 16. or 18. thus braving us to our doors, we desired the precedent, and Captain Martin, that afternoon to sally upon them, that, they might but know, what we durst to do, and all night manned our Barge, and burned their Towns, and spoiled, and destroys, what we could, but they brought our men, and freely delivered them: the precedent released one, the rest we brought well guarded, to Morning and Evening prayers Our men all in arms, their trembling fear, than caused them to much sorrow, which till then scoffed, and scorned at what we durst do, the Counsel concluded, that I should terrifle them with some torture, to know if I co●ld know their intent the next day I bound one in hold, to the maint Mast, and presenting fire Muskets with match in the cocks, forced him to desire life, to answer my demands he could not, but one of his Comovodos was of the counsel of Paspahegh, that could satisfy me: I releasing him out of sight, I affrighted the other, first with the rack, then with Muskets, which seeing, he desired me to stay, and he would confess to this execution Master Scrivener came, his discourse was to this effect, that Paspehegh, the Chickahamaniar, Youghtanum, Pamaunka, Mattapanient, & Kiskiack. These Nations were altogether a hunting that took me, Paspahegh, & Chicahamanya, had intended to surprise us at work, to have had our tools: Powhatan, & all his would s●me friends, till Captain Nuports return, that he had again his men, which he called Namontack, where with a great feast he would so enamor Captain Nuport & his men, as they should cease on him, and the like traps would be laid for 〈◊〉.  
This trap for our fools, we suspected the chief occasion was four days before Powhatan 〈◊〉 sent the boy he had to us, with many Turkeys to Master Scrivener, and me, understanding I would go up into his Countries to destroy them, and he doubled it the more, in that I so oft practised my men, whose shooting he heard to his own lodging, that much feared his wives, and children; we sent him word, we intended no such thing, but only to go to Powhatan, to seek stones to make Hatchets, except his men shoot at us, as Paspahegh had told us they would, which if they did shoot but one arrow, we would destroy them, and lest this mischief might happen, sent the boy to acquaint him thus much, and request him to send us Weanock, one of his subjects for a guide, that boy he returned back with his Chest, & apparel, which then we had given him, desiring another for him, the cause was, he was practising with the Chikahamanias', as the boy suspected some unlanie, by their extraordinary resort, & secret conference 〈◊〉: whence they would send him. The boy we keep, now we would send him many me●s; sengers, & presents, the guide we desired be sent us & withal requested us to return him, either the boy or some order, but none he could have, & that day these Indians were apprehended, his son with others that had loaded at our Fort, returned & being out of the Fart, rayl●d on me, to 〈…〉 our 〈…〉 enemy's to 〈◊〉 & to y● 〈…〉 after W●anock that had 〈◊〉 with 〈…〉 kept to have 〈…〉 returned, and secretly after him, Amocis' toe Paspaheyan, who always they kept amongst us for, 〈◊〉, whom the better to avoid suspicion, presently after they came to bea●e away: these presumptions induced me to take any occasion, not only to try the honesty of Amocis, the spy but also the meaning o● these cunning crickes of their Emperor of Powhatan; whose true 〈◊〉 Captain Ma●●●n most confidently pleads.  
〈…〉 of M●cano●, which was the counsellor of Pasp●●●gh: first I then Master 〈◊〉, upon their several examinations, ●ound by them all confirmed, that Paspahegh, and C●●●kahammania did hate us, and intended some mischief, and who they were that took me, the names of them that stole our tools, and swords, and that Powhatan received them, they all agreed: certain vo●●lies of shot we caused to be discharged, which caused each other to think that their fellows had been slain.  
Powhatan understanding we detained certain savages, seat his Daughter, a child all ten years old, which not only for feature, countenance, & proportion much exceedeth any of the rest of his people, but for wit, and spirit, the only Nonpariel of his Country: this he sent by his most trusty messenger, called Rawhunt, as much exceeding in 〈…〉 person, but of a subtle wit, and crafty understanding, he with a long circumstance, told me, how well Powhatan, loved and respected me, and in that I should not doubt any way of his kindness, ●e had sent his child, which he most esteemed, to see me, a Dear, and bread, beside for a present: desiring me that the Boy might come again, which he loved exceedingly, his little Daughter he had taught this lesson also: not taking notice at all of the Indian's that had been prisoners three days, till that morning that she saw their fathers are friends come quietly, and in good terms to entreat their liberty.  
Opechaukanough, sent also unto us, that for his sake, we would release two that were his friends, and for a token sent me his shooting Glove, and Bracer, which the day our men was taken upon, 〈◊〉 himself from the rest a long time, entreated to speak with me, where in token of peace, he had preferred me the same: now all of them having found their perempsorie conditions, but to increase our malice, which they seeing us begin to threaten to destroy them, as familiarly as before, without suspicion, or fear, came amongst us, to beg liberty for their men: In the afternoon they being gone, we guarded them as before to the Church, and after prayer, gave them to Pocahuntas, the King's Daughter, in regard of her father's kindness in sending her: after having well fed them, as all the time of their imprisonment, we gave them their bows, arrows, or what else they had, and with much content, sent them packing: Pocahuntas, also we requited, with such trifles as contented her, to tell that we had used that Paspaheyans very kindly in so releasing them. The next day we had suspicion of some other practice for an Ambuscado, but perfectly we could not discover it, two days after a Paspheyan, came to show us a glistering Mineral stone: and with signs demonstrating it to be in great abundance, like unto Rocks, with some dozen more, I was sent to seek to dig some quantity, and the Indean to conduct me: but suspecting this some trick to delude us, for to get some Copper of us, or with some ambuscado to betray us, seeing him falter in his tale, being two miles on our way, led him ashore, where abusing us from place to place, and so seeking either to have drawn us with him into the 〈◊〉, or to have given us the s●ppe: I showed him Copper, which I promised to have given him, if he had performed his promise, but for his scoffing and abusing us, I gave him twenty lashes with a Rope, and his bows and arrows, bidding him 〈◊〉 if he durst, and so let him go.  
In all this time, our men being all or the most part well recovered, and we not willing to trifle away more time than necessity enforced us unto, we thought good for the better content of the adventurers, in some reasonable sort to ●raight home Master Nelson with Cedar wood, about which, our men going with willing minds, was in very good time effected, and the ship sent for England; we now remaining being in good health, all our men well contended, free from mutinies, in love one with another, & as we hope in a continual peace with the Indians, where we doubt not but by Gods gracious assistance, and the adventurers willing minds, and speedy furtherance to so honourable an action in after times, to see our Nation to enjoy a Country, not only exceeding pleasant for habitation, but also very profitable for commerce in general, no doubt pleasing to almighty God, honourable to our gracious Sovereign, and commodious generally to the whole Kingdom.  
FINIS.