Talis erat vultu, sed linguâ, mentem, manuque Qualis erat qui vult discere, scripta legat Consulat aut famam: qui linguâ, mentem, manuû̄ Vinceret hunc, famâ iudicem, rarus erat. VOERST FE●: Her Sceptre sweet, her sword was seldomen sharp. Yet re●c● subjects, and invading foes, It quaid, repelling these, reclaiming those, Such cure did set in tune the farring Harp. To this last Act of her exploits & glory, A Plavaite reviveth by this story. MAde bright and glorious by Afflictions flame, Forth from a Prison to a Crown she came, Attempting and effecting harder things, Then have been reached by the greatest Kings. Of all her Causes, Religion was the prime, Which she reform in a dangerous time, And, though her neighbouring Princes thereat stormed, Did all her life defend what she reform. As watchful in the State-affairs was she, And oft from civil broils her Realms did free; From Ireland she the Spanish 〈◊〉 expelled, And all the rude rebellious Irish quelled. In Scotland she did mar the Frenchmens hope, She fooled all the projects of the Pope; And though his Bulls did roar in every place, Turned all his thunderings to his own disgrace. Spain's fury without fear she did oppose, And gave their Forces famous overthrows, Yea, she the huge Armado over came, Which of Invincible usurped the name. And though she had at home great works to do, She aided France, and saved Belgia too. Her Coyne●hee ●hee to just values did reduce; Her wholesome Laws redressed much abuse; By Trades abroad she Riches did increase, By Providence at home established Peace. Then having till the forty fifth year reigned, And to the seventieth of her age attained, She died, and lef● behind her such a Fame, As shall be loved while England hath a Name. G. W. Printed for Robert Milbourne. 1633. PACATA HIBERNIA. IRELAND APPEASED AND REDUCED. OR, AN HISTORY OF THE LATE Wars of IRELAND, especially within the Province of MOUNSTER, under the Government of Sir George Carew, Knight, than Lord Precedent of that Province, and afterwards Lord CAREW of CLOPTON, and Earl of TOTNES, etc. Wherein the Siege of Kinsale, the Defeat of the Earl of TYRONE, and his Army; The Expulsion and sending home of Don juan de Aguila, the Spanish General, with his Forces; and many other remarkable passages of that time are related. Illustrated with Seventeen several MAPS, for the better understanding of the Story. JUVENAL. SAT. 10. Bellorum Exuviae, truncis affixa trophaeis Lorica, & fractâ de Casside buccula pendens, Humanis majora bonis creduntur:— LONDON, Printed by AUG: MATHEWES for ROBERT MILBOURNE, at the Sign of the Greyhound in Paul's Churchyard. 1633. TO HIS MOST SACRED MAJESTY. SIR, THE great Actions of worthy and eminent Persons, have ever been esteemed so powerful for the instruction of succeeding times, that all Civil States have made it their principal care, to preserve and transmit them to Posterity, for their Example and Imitation. The Means by which this is done, is HISTORY, a powerful suggester and Recorder of God's providence in public Blessings and judgements, the Mother of Experience, the Nurse of Truth, the common bond and ligature, which unites present times with all ages past, and makes them one. To manifest this, if other Arguments fail, the Examples of the greatest Emperors and Generals were sufficient, who in the midst of their Conquests, thought their public duty not discharged, if they employed not some time, to leave the immortal memory of their own actions by writing to Posterity. The omission of this hath been a great defect of some ages foregoing ours, being the Middle times between learned Antiquity and this latter age, wherein Language, Arts and Elegancy have revived and flourished; In those times though there have been many, Qui fecerunt scribenda, yet there were few, qui describerent facta. I dare not say that this our. Age and Nation are guilty of the like error or negligence, in deciphering to the life the occurrences of our own times and affairs by such as best knew, and faithfully would relate them; A want of which many have complained, but few have laboured to supply. That which I now in all humility present, is your Majesties by many Titles; First, from the subject matter, being the final Dispersion of that cloud of Rebellion, which hath so long hung over that Kingdom of Ireland, which by undoubted title, and lawful succession is descended to your Majesty, and that performed by the prudent fortitude of the English Nation, which your Majesty now so happily governs. Next, from your Majesties late faithful Servant, the Earl of Totnes, whose Actions are not the least part of the Argument of this History, he being at that time chief Governor of the Province of Monster, which was the Stage whereon the last and greatest Scene of that Tragedy was acted, and since advanced by your Majesty's Royal Father and yourself to many Honourable Titles and Employments of State. And lastly, from the Publisher, through whose hands nothing can pass, which to your Majesty is not justly due, both by common All geance, and particular Service. Pardon (gracious Sovereign) this presumption, in aspiring to so high a Patronage, and graciously accept this poor Tribute of Duty and thankfulness from him who hath eternally bound himself Your Sacred Majesties most faithfully devoted Subject, and Servant, THO: STAFFORD. TO THE READER. OUT of a necessity imposed by powerful Custom somewhat must be said to you Reader, both to prevent mistake touching the publishing of this Work, and to prepare you with some unprejudicate affection to the reading thereof. The large space of time (thirty years and upwards) between the matters Acted, Written, and now published, may beget some wonder, in what obscure corner this Work hath lain all this while, without notice given or taken; or if known, why so long kept from public view. For answer hereto, understand indifferent Reader, that it was composed while the Actions were fresh in the memories of men, by the Direction and appointment of the Right Honourable Earl of Totnes (late deceased) than Lord Precedent of Monster, so often mentioned in this History. The Collection made, was by him first reserved for his own private Information; Secondly, preserved for the furtherance of a General History of that Kingdom of Ireland, when it should please God to raise up some industrious Writer to undertake a complete Description of those Affairs; And lastly, out of his retired Modesty, the rather by him held back from the Stage of Publication, lest himself being a principal Actor in many of the particulars, might be perhaps thought, under the Narration of public proceedings, to give vent and utterance to his private merit and Services, howsoever justly memorable. He leaving the world, left it among his Papers, where it was found by the now Publisher thereof, to whom they were bequeathed, and by whom it hath been offered to the view and censure of divers learned and judicious persons: By them it hath been esteemed worthy the view of the world, that those of present and future times, who desire not to be strangers to what hath passed, and been acted at home, may receive true Information hereby. In confidence whereof, I presume that whether you be English or Irish that shall read this History, you shall find much matter of contentment to advance the Honour of both Nations: If English, behold the most dangerous and overgrown Rebellion that ever was since the Kings of this Land were Lords of that Isle, suppressed by the puissant valour of thy victorious Countrymen, and a powerful Invasion of a brave and warlike Nation repulsed, and sent home to their Native Land: Or if you be of that other Nation, you may observe the loyal fidelity of the greater part to their lawful Prince, though animated to disloyalty by the strongest persuasions of their supreme Spiritual Pastor, with promises of heavenly reward. here also you may behold a fatal period given to the Rebellious Insurrections, under whose burden that Country hath groaned some hundreds of years, and a firm and assured Peace established to the comfort of them and their posterity. And whether English or Irish, forget not (next after the right hand of the most High bringing mighty things to pass) to acknowledge the Prudence, Courage, and Felicity of that late Sovereign, who in her deep and declining age, did seal up the rest of all her worthy Acts with this accomplishment, as if she had thought that her task would be unfinished, and Tomb unfurnished, if there could not be deservedly engraven thereon, PACATA HIBERNIA; The lot whereof was cast, and fell happily on our side, by the prosperous success of those Preparations and Encounters which befell this short time of about three years, recounted by way of Annals and journals in this present Narration; whereto thou must add the like acknowledgement of the Wisdom, care, and provision taken by our late Sovereign of blessed memory King james, in the establishment not only of Peace, but also of good Laws and justice there flourishing, and continued by the Providence and Piety of our present Sovereign King CHARLES, the true Inheritor of his renowned Father's Virtues as well as Kingdoms. For the story itself, it was collected, not out of flying rumours, and popular tales, but (as the Title promiseth) out of the careful and diligent Observations of the principal Actors in the services there related; And for the truth of their Reports, I hope it shall receive the Approbation of many Honourable and Worthy Persons yet living, who may justly challenge a large portion of the honour achieved in those Wars. But I will detain you no longer, (judicious Reader) but leave you to the use of what is here presented, commending it and myself to your favourable censure. T. S. A TABLE ALPHABETICAL. A LOrd Audley. Fol. 83 Ardart Castle taken. 78 Sir Anthony Cook. 31, 319 Articles between the Queen, and Sir George Carie Treasurer of Ireland. ●54 Allen Appesley, 248 Advertisements of the Spaniards arrival. 195 Army encamped before Kinsale. 205 Articles of Composition between Don juan de Aguila, and the Lord Deputy and Council. 245 Ardea Castle rendered. 365 Archer the lesuite flies into Spain. 324 Army lodged before Donboy. 311 B. Tege ● Bryen slain. 126 Ballitrarsnie Castle taken. 47 Balliragget. 27 Battle of Kinsale. 232, etc. Berengary Castle taken. 383 Lord Barry joins with Sir Charles Wilm●t. 363 Lord Barry commands the Rising out of the Country. 360 Captain john Barry. 295 Captain Tho. Button his service. 204 Tege ● Brien makes an enscape. 131 john Burke makes his submission. 47 Intends a journey to Rome, and Saint james of Compostella. 329 Walter Burke slain. 126 Sir Thomas Burke. 365 William Burke flies out of the Province. 364 Ballihow Castle taken. 297 Sir john Barkley his services, 126, 127, & 199, 233 Sir Francis Barkeley s●nt into Connaght. Fol. 159 Brough burnt by Piers Lacie. 38 Bear and Bantry spoilt. 365 Sir Samuel Bagnall commanded to stay with his Regiment in Monster. 329 Blarnie Castle rendered to the custody of Captain Taffe. 126 His service against Tirrell in M●skerry. 355 Baltimore described. 325 Bearehaven described. 324 C. Carbrie O Conner. 30 Cahir Castle rendered. 76 Carigfoyle taken by john O Conner, 225 rendered by him. 66 Castle ni Park rendered by the Spaniards. 216 Castles delivered by the Irish into the Spaniards hands. 224 Certificate of Do● juan de Aguila into Spain after his landing. 192 Commission to Roger Harvey for the government of Carbry. 250 Carties of Carbry submit them selues. 367 Clanwilliam spoilt by the army. 46 O Conner Kerry flies out of the Province. 364 Cloghan Castle rendered. 358 Castle-haven described. 325 Cape Clear castle taken. 324 Carriknesse castle rendered. 365 Cape Clear castle guarded by Captain Harvey. 267 Lord of Cahir. 377 C●rmock Ma● Dermond serves against the Spaniards, 203 Accused of sundry Treasons, 331 Committed to prison, 332 Plotted his escape, 334 Makes an escape, 351 Makes his submission, 353 His service. 377 Camp entrenched, & approaches made before Donboy. 311 Sir Charles Wilmot commands the forces in the Lo. Presidents absence. 362 Sir Charles Wilmot sent into Kerry. 323 Clement VIII. Pope his Bull for spiritual livings to Owen mac Egan. 371 His Letter or Breve to Tirone and the Irish Rebels. 369 His Indulgence to the Irish in Rebellion. 368 D. Dermond Moyle mac Garty slain. 300 Dermond O Conner murdered by Theobald ne long Burke. 103 Discourse between Capt. Roger Harvy, and Pedro Lopez de S●to. 274 Lord Deputy raised his siege, and came to Cork. 249 Sickened in his journey to Dublin. 280 Sends for the Lord Precedent with men, etc. 382 Doctors of Salamanca allow the war of Ireland to be lawful. 284 Donghe Irish'an Island. 304 Dingle Castle rendered. 99 Sir Henry Danvers. 199, 233 Downings, a Lieutenant at Dorsies. 313 downing's. 363 Donogh Mac Cormock Cartie slain. 128 Doneshed, and Donelong Castles rendered by the Spaniards. 267 Dodington a Captain short at Donboy. 318 Donboy taken from the Spaniards by Osulevan Bear. 268 Donboy fortified by the Rebels. 289 Viewed by the Lo. President. 310 Besieged, 315 Battered. 315 O Donnels hasty march. 211 joined with the Spaniards. 224 Shipped for Spain with others. 237 His landing & reception in Spain. 266 Dyed in Spain. 354 Donnegall Castle in Carbry taken. 324 downing's castle in Carbry taken. 321 Donmanus castle in Carbry taken. 303 Dillon a Captain. 82 Dorsies Island taken. 313 Connor O Drischal flies into Spain. 324 E. Walter Ednie goeth into Spain 346 Edward Gough knighted. 279 Sir Edward Wingfield sent with 500 foot into Connaght. 383 F. Florence Mac Cartie made by Tyrone Mac Cartie More. 20 Fights with her Majesty's forces. 29 Makes a submission to the Lord Precedent. 35 His demands. ibid. Persuaded to go into England▪ 114 Makes another submission. 94 His juggling. 93 Franci● Slingsby. 82 False rumours of a Spanish Fleet. 328 False rumours of the state of Monster. 376 Forces sent into Thomond. 56 Forts to be erected in Monster 252 G. George Flower, Captain. 198 Sir George Bourcheir sent to Kilkenny. 27 Sir George Bourchier comes to Cork. 199 Sir George Thornton joins with the Lord Barry. 360 George Kingesmill maimed at Donboy. 314 George Blunt. 41 Glancoyne castle surprised by Sir Francis Barkley. 84 Glin castle besieged and taken. 63, 64 Gregory Castle taken. 297 Geoffrey Galway Major of Limricke fined, imprisoned, 110 And a new Major elected. 111 H. Henry Skipwith Captain. 15, 315 Henry Malbie slain. 365 Sir Henry Folliot. 233 Husseyes' Report of the Rebellion in Monster. 146 Hopton died of a hurt. 214 Hostages delivered by Don juan, and their Names. 247 Hugh Mostian. 128 Sir Henry Power. 31, 253 I. james Fits Thomas apprehended by Dermond O Conner. 54 john Power. 55 john Bostocke. 30 Instructions for the Lord Precedent of Monster. 6 james Archer, jesuit. 26 Instructions to the Earl of Thomond. 287 Instructions for Capt. George Blunt. 256 james fits Thomas the titulary Earl taken prisoner. 135 His Examination. 174 His Relation to the Lord Precedent. 139 james fits Thomas & Dermond Mac Gragh make a narrow escape. 106 Don juan de Aguila, his Declaration at Kinsale. 200 His Request to the Lord Deputy for shipping. 252 Intelligence of the Spanish Invasion 188 Irish in Monster revolted to the Spaniards. 224 Irish fled into Spain, with their Names. 237 james Gold, second justice of Monster. 6 john fits Thomas his practice to deceive the Lord Precedent. 328 james fits Thomas the young Earl of Desmond cometh into Ireland, 85 Returneth into England. 122 james Grace. 217 K. Kinsale summoned, and Don juans' Answer. 219 Kinsale Burgesses desire their Charter. 252 Kinsale receives their Ensigns of Magistracy. 359 Kilcow castle taken by Capt. Flower. 383 Knight of Kerry protected. 299 Defeated by Sir Charles Wilm●t. 361 Makes his submission. ibidem. Kilcrey Castle and Abbey rendered▪ 334 Kirton, a Lieutenant hurt at Donboy. 318 L. Lowghguyrre taken by the Rebels, and recovered again from them. 45 Listoell Castle besieged and taken. 97 List of the Captains of the Spanish army. 191 List of the Army in Monster. 290, 382 Lixnaw castle taken by composition. 296 Leam●con castle taken. 321 Lettertinlesse castle taken & burnt. ibid. Laghlin O Dallic. 360 Lord of Lixnaw defeated by Captain Boys. 383 Letters Patents for Sir George Carew, to be Lord Precedent of Monster. 3 A Letter from the Lord President and the Earl of Thomond, to the Lords of the Council. 24 A Letter from james Galled Butler to the Lord Precedent. 42 A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. 40 A Letter from the Monster Rebels to O D●nnell. 58 A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. 62 A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. 70 A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. 48 Two Letters from William Burke, and Moroghe ni Moe O Flartie to the Lord Precedent. 60, 61 A Letter from her Majesty to the Lo: Precedent. 86 A Letter from Redmond Burke to the Lord Precedent. 96 A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie 80 Letters Patents for james fits Gerald to be Earl of Desmond. 89 A Letter from Cormock Mac Dermond unto Tyrone. 100 A Letter from the Earl of Clanrickard to Theobald ne long Burke. 103 A Letter from the Spanish Archbishop of Dublin, to james fits Thomas. 111 A Letter from her Majesty to the Lord deputy. 116 A Letter from the Lord Precedent to the Lord deputy. 119 A Letter from Redmond Burke to the L. Precedent, with his Answers. 128 A Letter from Tyrone to Florence Mac Cartie. 132 A Letter from the Lords of the Council to the Lord Precedent. 132 A Letter from the Lord Precedent to her Majesty. 141 Two Letters from james fits Thomas the titulary Earl to the K. of Spain. 154 A Letter from her Majesty to the Lord Precedent, touching base moneys. 147 A Letter from Thomas Shelton to Florence Mac Cartie. 169 A Letter from the Spanish Archbishop of Dublin to Florence Mac Cartie. 170 A Letter from Tirone, james fits Thomas, Florence Mac Cartie, and Mac Donogh to the Pope. 175 A Letter from Mr. Secretary Cecil to the Lord Precedent, with Spanish Intelligence. 182 A Letter from the Lord Deputy to the Lord Precedent. 185 A Letter from the Lord deputy satisfactory to the Lord Precedent. 186 A Letter from donnel O Sulevan Bear to the King of Spain. 228 A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to the Archbishop of Dublin. 260 A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to Don juan de Aguila. 260 A Letter from the Secretary Ybarra to Don juan de Aguila. 261 A Letter from the Secretary Franquesa to Don juan de Aguila. ibid. A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to Don juan de Aguila. 262 A Letter from the King of Spain to Don juan de Aguila. 263 A Letter from the L. Deputy and Council, to the Lords in England. 264 A Letter from O Sulevan Bear to the King of Spain. 269 A Letter from Owen Mac Eggan to Richard Mac Goghagan. 307 A Letter from john Anias to the Lord of Lixnaw. 309 A Letter from john Anias to Dominicke Collins. ibid. A Letter from james Archer to Dominicke Collins. 308 A Letter from donnel O Sulevan Bear to the Earl of Carazena 27● A Let●er from donnel O Sulevan Bear to Don Pedro Zubiaur. 272 A Letter from the Lo. Precedent to the Spanish Cannoneers in Donboy. 294 A Let●er from Don juan de Aguila, to Captain juan de Albornos Y Andrada. 227 A ●etter from her Majesty to the Lo. Precedent. 209 A Letter from her Majesty to the Lord Precedent. 339 A Letter from Don juan de Aguila to Tirone and O donnel. 227 A Letter from the Lord Precedent to her Majesty. 253 A Letter from the Lord Precedent to Don juan de Aguila. 326 A Letter from Tege Mac Cormock Cartie to the Lord Precedent. 330 A Letter from the Lords of the Council in England, to the Lord Precedent. 336 A ●etter from her Majesty to the Lord Precedent. 339 A Letter from the Lord Precedent to her Majesty. ibid. A Letter from Captain Roger Harvie to Pedro Lopez de Soto. 340 A Letter from Don juan de Aguila to the Lord Precedent. 344 A Letter from the Lord Precedent to Don juan de Aguila. 345 A Letter from O donnel to O Conner Kerry. 343 A letter from her Majesty to the Lord Precedent concerning the Earl of Clanrikard. 378 A Letter from john Burke to the Lord Precedent. 379 A Letter from john Burke to Sir George Thornton. 380 A Letter from the Lord Deputy to the Lords in England. 384 M. Maurice Stack sent into Kerry, 67 Treacherously murdered. 79 O Mulrians' Country spoilt. 47 Mac Awley spoilt by Sir Francis Barkley. 108 Mocrumpe Castle besieged. 334 Taken. 351 Muskrey-quirke, and Arloghe spoilt by the army. 106 Monster, in what state after the Siege of Kinsale. 283 Malachias the Popish Bishop of Kilmakow. 380 N. Names of the Councillors of Monster. 19 Sir Nicholas Walsh. 199 O Earl of Ormond taken prisoner. 24 O Sulevan repairs with Tirrell into Muskrey, 352 Remains in Bear. 392 O Sulevan More sent by the Lord Deputy to the Lord Precedent. 84 Prisoner by the practice of Florence Mac Cartie. 49 Olerie slain. 95 Owen Mac Eggan, the Pope's Vicar slain. 366 His quality and condition. 367 P. Lord Precedents Letters Patents. 3 His letter to james fits Thomas. 51 Sent against O donnel. 210 Surprised with a Fever. 280 His opinion of a defensive War in Ireland. 348 Sends 1000 foot to the Lord deputy. 377 Meets the Earl of Ormond at Clonmell. 105 Proclamation for publishing the new Money for Ireland. 149 Principal men in Tyrones' and O donnels army. 212 Propositions made by Don juan. 241 Patrick fits Morris L. of Lixnaw died. 71 Preys taken from the enemy. 293 R. Roger Harvey. 29 Sir Richard Masterson. 29 Sir Robert Gardiner. 199 Sir Richard Levison his service at Castlehaven. 225 Sir Richard Greame. 232 Roger Harvey died of sorrow. 257 Richard Power. 43 Regiment sent by the L. Precedent into Connaght. 159 Reply of Don juan to the propositions of the Lo. deputy. 241 Reasons moving the Lo. deputy and Council to a Composition. 244 Sir Richard Percy. 40 His Service. 111 Robert Tent. 30 Rincorran Castle battered by the Lord Precedent. 206 Yielded, and the Spaniards received to mercy. 208 Lo. Roche commended for his loyalty. 377 Andrew Roche. 144 Richard Ailward knighted. 279 Rancoliskey Castle taken. 324 Rathmore Castle rendered. 68 Rahane taken. 297 Ratho Abbey burnt by Sir Charles Wilmot. 101 Redmond Burke defeated by O Dwyre. 33 Richard Owen comes to Cork with a Message from Tyrone. 254 Sir Richard Wingfield. 199 S. Spanish Fleet discovered at sea by Captain L●ue. 189 Spaniards land at Kinsale. 190 Spaniards make several fallies. 230 Spaniards make a great sally. 221 Spaniards beaten out of their trenches. 219 Spaniards landed at Castlehaven. 223 Spaniards how many transported out of Ireland. 248 Spaniards embarked at Kinsale. 268 Spanish letters intercepted. 258 Spanish Hostages licenced to depart. 326 Spaniards make three sallies. 236 Spaniards defeated at Kinsale in the time of Richard the second. 359 Spanish ship arrived near Ardea. 306 Spanish money distributed amongst the Rebels. ibid. Shandon Castle. 333 Sessions held at Limerick, Cashell, and clonmel. 105 Selby a Lieutenant, 363 Supplies of 1000 foot from England. 323 T. Tirlogh Ro● Mac Swiny. 318 Tyrone comes into Monster. 20 Tyrone writes to the Lord Barry. 20 Returns into Ulster. 23 Sir Thomas Norris. 2 Towns of Monster required to send Companies of foot to the camp. 200 Earl of Thomond commands the Garrison at Askeiton. 75 Comes with supplies to the camp. 216 Marches with an army into Carbry. 287 Returned to Cork. 289 Thomond spoilt by O donnel. 55 Sir George Thornton left a Commissioner of Monster. 383 Tirrell desires a Parley with the Earl of Thomond, and fails. 307 His men executed at Donboy. 320 Flies out of the Province. 362 Tho. Taylor hanged in chains at Cork. 320 Tho. Oge makes his Submission. 361 William Taffe Captain. 29 His Service against the Rebels in Carbery. 366 V. Victuals delivered to Don juan. 248 Victuals & money arrived at Cork. 118 W. Warrant for the L. Presidents Patent. 3 Sir Warham Saint Leger slain by Mac Gwyre. 〈◊〉 William Saxey Chief justice of Monster. 6 William Power Captain, his Service at Donboy. 318 A Catalogue of the several MAPS contained in this HISTORY. In the first Book. 1 A Map of Monster. Page 1. 2 A Map of the Earl of Ormond taken prisoner, between pa. 24. & 25. 3 A Map of Cahir Castle, between pag 42, and 43. 4 A Map of Askeiton Castle, page 52, and 53. 5 A Map of Glin Castle, page 62, and 63. 6 A Map of Carigfoyle Castle, page 66, and 67. 7 A Map of Castle Mange, page 96, and 97. 8 A Map of Limerick Castle, pag 108, and 109. In the second Book. 9 A Map of the Siege of Kinsale, between page 188, and 189. 10 A Map of the Fort of Hallibolyn, pag. 252, and 253. In the third Book. 11. A Map of the Army in Bear, between page 292, and 293. 12. A Map of the Siege of Dunboy, page 310, and 311. 13 A Map of Muskrey, page 330, and 331. 14 A Map of Castle-nigh-parke, page 352, and 353. 15 A Map of Limerick, page 362, and 363. 16 A Map of Yough-hall, page 376, and 377. 17 A Map of Cork, page 382, and 383. PACATA HIBERNIA. THE FIRST BOOK OF THE WARS IN IRELAND. CHAP. I. The Lord deputy, and the Lord Presidents landing in Ireland. The Warrant for passing the Lord Presidents Patent. The Patent. The Lord deputy and Counsels Instructions to the Lord Precedent. THE Wars of Ireland having 1599 received their original & foundation in the North, proceeded like unto a strong poison, which having infected one member, without speedy prevention, doth spread the contagion over the whole body; for the Irish perceiving the prosperous success of those first Rebels, even beyond all expectation and hope (of those that were ill affected) and that her Majesty's Forces had sustained many disasters, which were never feared until they happened, the neighbour Provinces of Connaght, and Leinster, following the current of the present time, begin to dismaske themselves of that cloak of subjection, which before they pretended, and to show themselves partakers in that wicked action, and furtherers of the rebellion. And these being united in a strict Combination, did verily persuade themselves, that it would be a matter very feasible, to enable them to shake off the English Government, and to make themselves absolute Commanders of all Ireland, if the chief Lords of Monster, with their friends and followers would join with them, to banish the English out of that Province. They did account that Province to be the key of the Kingdom, both by reason of the Cities and walled Towns (which are more than in all the Island besides) the fruitfulness of the Country, being reputed the garden of Ireland, and the commodious Harbours, lying open both to France and Spain. They devised many plots, cast many projects, and used many persuasions, to animate the Provincials to begin to enterprise. But currenti quid opus est calcaribus? they were not so ready to yield reasons, as those were to hear; and their ears no more open to hear, than their hearts to consent; and their hands nothing backward in the execution thereof. The Earl of Essex at his being in Ireland with his Army, Devoreux. made a journey into Monster, in hope to compose the troubles thereof; all that he performed at that time, was the taking of Cahir Castle, and receiving the Lord of Cahir, Butler. and the Lord Roche, Roche. with some others into protection. Who after his departure did either openly partake, or secretly combine with the rebels again. Her Majesty being resolved to send a new Lord Deputy into Ireland, made choice of a worthy and noble Gentleman endued with excellent parts, as well of body, as mind, Sir Charles Blunt Blunt. Lord Mountioy. And at that time the presidency of Monster being void, by the unfortunate death of Sir Thomas Norris, lately slain by the rebels, she made election of Sir George Carew Carew. Knight, who was by his former services experienced in the Irish wars, to be the Lord Precedent of that Province. The landing of the Lord deputy, and Lord Precedent in Ireland. The 23 of February these Lords embarked at Beaumarris, St. Laurence. and upon the day following they landed at the head of Hothe, lodging that night at the Lord of Hothes house, and the next day they road to Dublin, where by the relation of the Council, they found a miserable torn state, utterly ruined by the War, and the rebels swollen with pride, by reason of their manifest victories, which almost in all encounters they had lately obtained. The Precedent, Carew. although he much desired to employ himself in his government, yet he was enforced to make a long stay in Dublin, as well to assemble the Forces allotted unto him, by order out of England (to be in list 3000 Foot, and 250 Horse, which were dispersed in sundry remote Garrisons) as to procure the dispatch of his Instructions from the State, which is usual, and of sundry Commissions under the great Seal of Ireland, which of custom is granted to every Precedent, but especially the passing of his Office (by virtue of her Majesty's Warrant) under the great Seal of that Realm; the Copies of which Warrant, Letters Patents, and Instructions, I do here insert as ensueth. Her Majesty's Warrant. RIght Trusty and Well-beloved, we greet you well. Our Province of Monster, in that our Realm of Ireland, being without a principal Officer to govern it, ever since the death of Thomas Norris Knight, late Precedent there; The Warrant for the passing of letters Patents to the Lo. Precedent Norris. And the tumultuous state of that Province requiring the government of a person of judgement, and Experience, We have made choice of our servant Sir George Carew, Carew. Knight, Lieutenant of our Ordnance here. To commit to him the charge of that part of our Realm, as one whom we know, besides his faithful and diligent endeavours informer services, to be well acquainted with the estate of that our Realm, (where he is a Councillor) and with the condition and nature of that Province. Wherefore we require you, immediately upon the taking of our Sword, and chief charge of that our Realm of Ireland, as our Deputy, Blunt. according to our Commission granted to you, To cause a Commission to be made out under our great Seal of that our Realm of Ireland, to the said Sir George Carew Carew. of the Office and Charge of Precedent of our Province of Monster, in such manner and form as john Norris. and Thomas Norris Norris. Knights, or any other our Precedents of that Province have used to have, or with any such other clauses, as you shall think, that the present State of our affairs there doth require. Giving him thereby power to rule and govern our people in that Province, with the advice of our Council there, according to such Instructions and Directions as have been given by us or our Council here, or our Deputies of that our Realm, or shall hereafter be directed to him, for the government of that Province. The same his power to continue during our pleasure. And our further will and pleasure is, that he receive towards his charges all such Allowances, Fees, Profits, and Entertainments of Horse and Foot, as Sir Thomas Norris, Norris. Knight, our late Precedent at the time of his death had; The same to begin from the day of the date hereof, and to continue during our pleasure: Cary. And these shall be to you and to our Treasurer for the payment thereof sufficient warrant and discharge. Given under our Signet at our Manor of Richmond, the seven and twentieth day of january, in the two and fortieth year of our reign, etc. The Letters Patents. The Lo. Precedents Letters Patents. ELIZABETH by the grace of God, Queen of England, France and Ireland Defender of the Faith, etc. To all men to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting; Whereas our Province of Monster, in that our Realm of Ireland, being without a principal Officer to govern it, ever since the death of Sir Thomas Norris, Norris. Knight, late Precedent there; And the tumultuous State of that Province, requiring the government of a person of judgement and Experience. We have made choice of our trusty and well-beloved Servant, Sir George Carew, Carew. Knight, Lieutenant of our Ordnance in our Realm of England, and one of our Privy Council of our said Realm of Ireland, and to commit to him the charge and government of that part of our realm, as one whom we know, besides his faithful and diligent endeavours in former services, to be well acquainted with the State of that our realm, and with the condition and nature of that Province. Knowye, that we reposing our trust in the Wisdom, Valour, Dexterity, Fidelity, and Circumspection of the said Sir George Carew, Carew. Knight, of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, and according to the tenor and effect of our Letters on that behalf, directed to our right trusty, and right well-beloved Councillor, Blunt. Charles Lord Mountioy, Knight of the most noble Order of our Garter, and our Deputy general of our realm of Ireland, dated at Richmond the seven and twentieth day of januarie, in the two and fortieth year of our reign, Have given and granted, and by these presents do give and grant to our said Servant George Carew, Knight, the Office of our Lord Precedent of our said province of Monster. And the said George Carew, Carew. Knight, our Lord Precedent, and Governor of the said province by these presents, do make, ordain, and constitute, and to the said George, the government of the said Province, and of our people there resident do commit. And further, we do give and grant by these presents to the said George Carew, Carew. Knight, in and for the exercise, and execution of the said Office, all such Authorities, jurisdictions, Preeminences, Dignities, Wages, Fees, Allowances, and profits whatsoever, which john Norris, Norris. Knight, or the said Thomas Norris, Norris. Knight, or any other Precedent of that province have used to have, And with such other clauses (or articles of Authority) as our said Deputy shall think that the present state of our affairs there doth require, to be further granted unto him the said George Carew, Carew. Knight. Giving him hereby full power and authority to rule and govern our people under that province, with the advice of our Council there, according to such Instructions and Directions as hath been given by us, or our Council here, or our Deputies of that our realm, or shall hereafter be directed to him, for the government of that Province; To have, exercise and enjoy the said Office, to, and by the said George Carew, Carew. Knight, with other the premises, and all Authorities, preeminences, wages, fees, entertainments, and profits to the said Office belonging; and all such allowances, profits, entertainments of Horse and Foot, as the said Thomas Norris, Norris. Knight, our late Precedent of the said province, at the time of his death had or aught to have; The said allowances and entertainments, to begin from the date of our said Letters; And the said Authority and Entertainment to continue during our pleasure. And where the said George Carew, Carew Knight, in respect of our service in other places, may have occasion to be absent out of the said Province of Monster, and that in such his absence, our pleasure is, that some meet person may be substituted to govern that Province, as Vicepresident; We do therefore by these presents, by the assent of our Deputy aforesaid, and according to the intent of our said Letters, give full power and authority, to the said George Carew, Carew Knight, to appoint, choose, and substitute in his absence, such a meet and sufficient person, for whom the said George Carew Knight will answer, to be Vicepresident of the said Province, and the said person, so appointed, chosen, or substituted, We do by these presents authorise, to govern and rule the said Province, in the absence of the said George Carew Carew Knight to all respects and purposes as if the said George Carew were personally present, and might rule and govern, by the authority aforesaid. And if the said person so chosen, appointed, and substituted, shall chance to dye, or shall not govern himself to the liking of the said George Carew Carew. Knight: That then the said George Carew Knight shall from time, to time, by virtue of these presents, during his authority and government aforesaid, choose, appoint, and substitute, a Vicepresident as aforesaid, to govern and rule the said Province as aforesaid. And our further pleasure is, that the said George Carew Carew. Knight, shall from time to time certify our said Deputy, or other Governor general, of this our Realm, for the time being, the name and names, of such Vicepresident, or Vice-presidents, as shall be by him apppointed, named, or substituted as aforesaid: Willing, and straightly commanding, all our Officers, as well ●ivill as martial, as all and all manner our loving Subjects to be respectively aiding, assistant, and obedient in, and to the said George Carew Carew Knight, or any authorized by, and under him as aforesaid, in the exercise and execution of the said Office, as they will answer to the contrary at their porills. Although no express mention of the true yearly value, or certainty of the premises, or any part thereof, or of any other gifts, or grants, made by us, or any our noble progenitors, to the said George Carew Carew Knight, before the date hereof, be not expressed in these presents. Any Statute, act, provision, restraint, proclamation, Law, use, or custom, to the contrary hereof, heretofore made, ordained, enacted, provided, used, or proclaimed, or any other cause, thing, or matter to the contrary hereof in any wise notwithstanding. In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patents. Witness our Deputy general at Dublin the sixth day of March in the two and fortieth year of our Reign. 6 Martij Instructions given by us the Lord deputy, Blunt. and Council, The Lo: Deputy and Counsels instructions to the Lo. President. to our right trusty and well-beloved, Sir George Carew, Carew. Knight, Lord Precedent of her Majesty's Council established in the Province of Monster, to be communicated by him to her Majesty's Council of the same Province, and to be observed by them, and every of them, according as the same are particularly declared in these several Articles following, dated at Dublin, 7. Martij 7. Martij. 1599 FIrst, Carew. the said Lord Precedent shall at all times, when he shall think fit, for the service of the Queen's Majesty, call together all such as be, or that hereafter shall be apppointed to be of that Council: And shall with the advice of such of the Council as shall be by these Instructions apppointed to assist him with Council by Letters and Precepts, command all and every person of the said Council, at all convenient times, to do such things as shall be meet for the service of the Queen's Majesty in administration of justice, & maintenance of the same, amongst all her subjects residing or coming into the parts of the jurisdiction of the said Commission. And in his commandments and directions, to the said Council, he shall have such regard to their Estates, Vocations, and other Conditions, as the credits and several estimations of the same Counsellors may be in their due actions and welldoing preserved and maintained, for the furtherance of her Majesty's service. And on the other part, her Majesty willeth, chargeth and commandeth that all and every of her Majesties said Councillors, shall exhibit and use to the said Lord Precedent, Carew. all such Honour, reverence and obedience, as to their duties appertaineth, and to the person having the principal place in the Council is due, and shall receive, and execute, in such sort all the precepts and commandments, to them to be addressed, in any Process to be done, or served in her Majesty's name, and shall give at all times, such advice and counsel as appertaineth to the duties of trusty Servants and Councillors to her Majesty, and according to their corporal oath. And because it shall be convenient that some number shall be continually abiding with the said Lord Precedent, Carew. or such as shall supply his place, with whom he may consult, in hearing such matters as may be exhibited unto him, for the better expedition of the same: We the said Lord deputy and Council by these presents do ordain, That William Saxey, Sax●y. Esquire, Chief justice, and james Gold, Gold. second justice of the said province of Monster, being of special trust apppointed to be of the said Council, shall give their continual attendance at the said▪ Council, and shall not depart at any time without the special Licence of the said Lord Precedent. Carew. Likewise Clerk of the Council, shall make his like attendance upon the Lord President and Council, etc. And the said Lord Precedent shall have in consideration of his continual attendance, Carew. and great pains to be taken in that Office, the wages and entertainments of one hundred thirty three pounds six shillings eight pence sterling by the year, for himself: and for that the Country's aforesaid being in such disorder, and the people in the same in such disobedience as partly they are, whereby it shall be needful for him to have continually about him some competent number of Soldiers, whereby his decrees and orders justly taken and made, may the more effectually be executed; It is considered and ordained, that the said Lord Precedent shall have for his guard and retinue, Carew. thirty horsemen and twenty footmen, and two shillings by the day for a petty Captain, and for a Trumpeter and Guidon, two shillings each of them: the entertainment and daily wages of all which Officers and Martial men, shall run in the course, and pay appointed for the Queen's Majesties ordinary Garrisons, resident in this Realm. Provided always, Carew. that the said Lord Precedent, shall at the first entire, give in the names, of all and every the aforesaid Soldiers, to the Clerk of the Cheque, to be entered in his book, and from time to time shall certify the deaths and alterations of the same to the Lord Deputy, and Clerk of the Checque▪ in convenient time, as the same may reasonably be done: having regard to the distance of the place, and as other Captains of the army are bound to do. Item the said justice Saxey Saxey. shall have for his stipend yearly one hundred pounds sterling; and the said james Gold, Gold. assistant or second justice, one hundred marks sterling, and the said Clerk of the Council, twenty pounds sterling; and which stipends and wages shall be paid quarterly, by the hands of the Treasurer at wars, or Vice-treasurer here of this Realm of Ireland: And if the said justice, or assistant, and secondary justice, shall depart out of the Limits of the Commission aforesaid, without the special licence of the said Lord Precedent, Carew. or having leave, shall tarry longer out then the time granted, then (without reasonable cause of excuse) the said Lord Precedent shall deduct, Carew. and defalk out of their said several entertainments, so much as the said wages of so many days doth amount unto, to the use of her Majesty towards her other charges, to be extraordinarily sustained in the execution of their Commission, at the discretion of The said Lord Precedent. Item for further reputation and honour of the same Office, the said Lord Precedent shall have continually attending upon him, Carew. a Sergeant at Arms, who shall bear the Mace of the Queen's Majesty's Arms before him, in such manner as the Sergeant at Arms doth bear the Mace before the Precedent in Wales; which Sergeant may at all times be sent by the said Lord President and Council, for th'apprehending and bringing in of any disobedient person, receiving of every such person, being of the degree of a Gentleman, so commonly known, and having yearly livelihood by any means of ten pounds, for his arrest ten shillings; and for the arrest of every particular person, six shillings eight pence, and six shillings eight pence for every day's travel, and not above. He shall also have his diet in the Household of the said Lord Precedent, Carew. and towards his maintenance the ordinary wages of one of the thirty Horsemen. And forasmuch as there must be of necessity one Officer to whom all offenders and malefactors are to be committed, during the time of their Imprisonment: it is thought meet that the said Lord Precedent shall appoint one Porter, Carew. to have charge of the Goal, who shall have his diet in the househould of the said Lord Precedent, and be accounted as one of the twenty Footmen, and receive the wages due for the same: and also such other profits upon every prisoner, as ensueth, viz. for the entry of every prisoner so to him committed, having livelihood of ten pounds by the year, three shillings four pence, and twelve pence by the day for his diet, during his abode in prison, and for every other person of inferior condition, two shillings for his entry, and six pence by the day for his diet. Item, Carew. the said Lord President and Council, (if opportunity may serve) monthly, or once every two months at the least, advertise us the Lo. Blunt. deputy and Council here of the State, of the Country within their Commission, or oftener if they shall see cause. And where the said Lo: Carew. Precedent and Council shall have by their Commission, sufficient authority to hear and determine, by their discretions, all manner of complaints, within any part of the province of Monster, as well guildeable as franchise, yet they shall have good regard, that except great necessity, or other matters of conscience, conceived upon the complaint, shall move him, they shall not hinder nor impeach the good course and usage of the common Laws of the Realm, but shall to their power further the execution thereof, nor shall without evident cause, interrupt such Liberties, and Franchises, as have lawful commencement, and continuance by the warrants of the Law, other ways then where any special complaint shall be made unto them, of any manifest wrong, or delay of justice, done, or used, by the owners, Officers, or Ministers of the said Franchises or Liberties: Carew. In which cases; the said Lord President and Council shall examine the said defaults, so alleged, by way of complaint, to be counted in the Franchises, and shall send for the Officers, against whom complaint shall be made: and finding the same to be true, they shall not only hear and determine the particular & principal causes of the parties complaints, but shall also reform & punish, according to their discretions, the defaults of the said owners and Ministers of the said Liberties; and if the matter shall so serve, upon due information to be made to us, of the abuses of the said Franchises and Liberties, so as the same may be done by order according to the laws tried, and upon just causes the Liberties resumed into the Queen's Majesty's hands. Item, Carew. where the said Lo: Precedent and Council shall have Commission, power, and authority, by Letters Patents under the Great Seal of this Realm of Ireland, and of Oyer, Determiner, and Goal delivery, in as large and ample manner as any such Commission or Authority is granted to any Commissioners for that purpose, within the Realms of England, Blunt. or Ireland: We the said Lord deputy and Council, Carew. do earnestly require and charge the said Lord President and Council, that he and they do diligently and often, severely and justly sit, hear, and determine, by virtue of the same, such causes as shall be brought before them, in such several places as best may agree with the necessity of the cause, and the commodity of the people. Item, Carew. where also the said Lord President hath full power and authority, by Letters patents under the great Seal of this realm, to execute the Martial law, when necessity shall require, in as large and ample manner as to any other it hath been accustomed to be granted within this realm of Ireland: The said Lord Precedent shall have good regard thereunto, that no use be made of the Martial law, but when mere necessity shall require; for the exercise thereof is only to be allowed, where other ordinary administration of justice cannot take place▪ foreseeing always, that no person having five pound of Freehold, or goods to the value of ten pound, shall not be tried by the order of the Martial Law, but by order of the common Law: And yet if necessity for service, and terror to others, shall at any time require the Martial Law to be executed upon any one person or moe being of greater value in lands or goods, than above is expressed, Carew. the Precedent in such special causes may use his discretion, and thereof, and of the causes that moved him, shall make us the Lord deputy and Council privy. Blunt. Item it is, Carew and shall be lawful for the Lord President and Council, or any two of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, to prosecute and oppress any rebel, or rebels, with sword and with fire, and for the doing of the same, to leavie in warlike manner and array, and with the same to march, such and so many of the Queen's Subjects, as to his discretion shall seem convenient; And if that any Castle, Pile, or House, be with force kept against them, it shall be lawful for the said Lord President and Council, or two of them whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, Carew. to bring before any such Castle, Pile, or House, so to be kept against them, any of the Queen's Majesty's Ordnance and great artillery, remaining within the limits of the Commission: And with the same, or by some other means or Engine, any such Castle, Pile, or House, to batter, mine, or overthrow, as to their discretions shall seem best. Straight charging and commanding all Archbishops, Earls, Bishops, Viscount's, Barons, and Baronet's, Knights, Majors, Sheriffs, justices, and Ministers of peace, and all other Gentlemen and Commons being her Majesty's Subjects to help, Carew. aid and assist the said Lord President and Council, in such sort, and at such time, as by the said Lord President and Council, or two of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, they shall be commanded, upon such pains, as for the nature and of the defaults shall be thought meet, to the said Lo: Precedent and Council to limit and assess. And it is ordered by us the said Lord Deputy and Council, Blunt. that if any person complain to the said Lord President and Council, Carew. and that they shall think their Complainants' worth the hearing, that the persons so complained upon, shall be sent for by a Letter missive under the Queen's Signet, to appear before the Lord President and Council at a day and place by them to be appointed, there to answer to such things as shall be laid to their charges, and further to be ordered, as shall stand with right, justice, equity, and conscience: and for lack of appearance upon such Letters they shall send forth Letters of allegiance, Proclamations, or other Process, to be made, directed, and awarded by their discretions to the Sheriff, Constable, or other Minister whereby the party complained upon may be called to come to his answer as appertaineth, and if by the obstinacy of the party complained upon, the case so require, to sequester his or their lands or goods, or either of them by their discretions. And furthermore if in case any person or persons having habitation or dwelling or any lands or tenements by lease or otherwise, within the limits of the Commission aforesaid, shall by covin, fraud, or deceit, or otherwise absent himself, or go out of the limits of the said Commission: That then Letters missive signed with the Queen's Signet, shall be delivered at his House, Lands, or Tenements, and the copies of the same shall be left there, so that by most likelihood the same may come to his knowledge being so sent for. And if within a certain time after limited by their discretion, the person or persons so sent for, Carew. will make default of appearance: the said Lord President and Council, or any two of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, shall as well proceed to other Process, as to the hearing and determining of the matter or cause in variance, according to the Laws, Statues, Ordinances made therein, or otherwise at their discretions. And if in case any Letters missive, be sent and addressed from the Lord President and Council, Carew. to any person or persons, of what estate, or degree soever they be, to appear before them at a day appointed, the same Letters being delivered to him or them, or otherwise left at his or their house, as is above specified, the said Lord President and Council, or any two of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, shall cause him or them so contemning or disobeying, to be punished by imprisonment, and reasonable fine, or shall other ways proceed according to their discretions. In which said causes, if any of the parties commit any resistance, or disobedience, either of their appearance, or contrary to the Commandments, direction, decree or determination, made, or to be made, and decreed by the said Lord President and Council; Carew. That then the said Lord President and Council, or any two of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, shall or may command the Sheriff, Major, Sergeant at Arms, Constable, Bailife, or other Officer or Minister, to whom it shall appertain, to attach very person so offending, contemning, or disobeying, Blunt. and to send him or them to the Lord Deputy in ward, together with Certificate of his contempt or disobedience, or else by their discretions to cause the parties so attached, to be committed to ward, there to remain in safe custody, until the time that the pleasure of us the Lord deputy, Blunt. and Council be known in the premises, or that the same person or persons, assent, fulfil, and agree to the determination of the said Lord President and Council, Carew. or any two of them, whereof the Lo: Precedent to be one. And the said Lord President and Council shall have full power and authority, Carew. by these presents, diligently to hear and determine, and try, all, and all manner of extortions, maintenance, imbracery and oppressions, Conspiracies, reskues, escapes, corruptions, falsehoods, and all manner evil doings▪ defaults, misdemeanours of all Sheriffs, justices of peace, Majors, Sovereigns, Portriffes', Bailiffs, Stewards, Lieutenant's, Excheators, Coroners, Gaolers, Clerks, and other Officers and Ministers of justice, and other Deputies, as well within all the Counties and Countries within the Province of Monster, as within the supposed Liberties of Typperarij and Kerrij, and in all Cities & other towns corporate, within the limits of their said Commission, of what degree soever they be, and punish the same according to the quality and quantity of their said offences, by their discretions, leaving nevertheless, to the Lord and owners of all lawful Liberties, such profits, as they lawfully claim. And it shall be lawful for the said Lord Precedent, Carew. and Council, or any three of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, to conceive, make, and cause to be proclaimed, in her Highness' name, any thing or matter tending to the better order of her Majesty's Subjects, within the precincts of their Commission, and the repressing of malefactors and misorders, after such tenor and form, as they shall think convenient, and to punish the Offenders then according to their discretions. And also we the said Lord deputy and Council have thought meet, Blunt. that the said Lord President and Council, Carew. or any three of them, Carew. whereof the said Lord Precedent to be one, shall and may compound upon reasonable causes by their discretion, with any person, for all forfeitures, growing, or coming, or that shall grow, or come, as well by all and singular penal Statutes, as also of obligations and Recognizances, taken, made, or acknowledged, before the said L: Precedent and Council, Carew. or any of them, within the limits of their authorities and Commission for appearance, or for the peace, or good abearing, or by reason of any special Statute whatsoever, then made or to be made, And shall also have authority, to cease reasonable fines for any offences, whereof any person shall happen to be convicted, before the said Lord President and Council and such Sums of money, as shall grow or come, by reason of any such compositions or Fines, they shall cause it to be entered into a book, subscribed with the hands of the said Lord President and Council, or two of them at the least▪ whereof the Lord Precedent to be one: To the end the Queen's Majesty may be answered of the same accordingly: And also upon such compositions made of Fine or Fines, set as aforesaid, shall have authority to cancel or make void all such Obligations and Bonds. And also the said Lord Precedent shall cause, Carew. as much as in him lieth, all Writts or Processes, sent or to be sent, to any person or persons inhabiting, or being within the precinct of his Commission out of the King's Bench, Chancery, or Exchequer, or any other Court of Record, diligently to be observed, and effectually to be obeyed, according to the tenor of the same. And if he shall find negligence, slackness, or wilful omission, in any Officer or other Minister to whom the delivery or serving of such Process doth appertain: He shall punish the same severely according to the greatness and quality of the offence. And it shall be lawful for the said Lord President and Council, or any three of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, after examination in the causes necessary, upon vehement suspicion and presumption of any great offence in any party committed against the Queen's Majesty, to put the said party so suspected to tortures, as they think convenient, and as the cause shall require: and also to respitt judgement of death upon any person convicted or attainted before him and that Council, for any treason, murder, or any other felony: Or after judgement given to stay execution until such time as he shall certify us the Lord deputy and Council of his doings, and consideration of the same, and receive answer from us thereof: Provided always, that the same certificate be made to us the Lo: Deputy and Council within the space of 21 days after such thing is done. Also if any Inquest within the precinct of their Commission, within Liberties or without, being sworn and charged upon trial of any felony, murder, or any like offender, whatsoever he be, having good and pregnant evidence for sufficient proof of the matter, whereof the said offendor shall be accused, indicted or arraigned, do utterly acquit such offendor contrary to the said evidence, that then the said Lord President and Council, or any two of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, shall examine such perjuries as well by deposition of witnesses, as by all other kind of proofs by their discretions; and if the said Inquest be convicted before the said Lord President and Council, or three of them at the least, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, the said Lord Precedent, and Council may and shall proceed to the punishment of such offence by fine, imprisonment, or wearing of papers, or standing on the pillory, as by their discretions shall seem meet. Also, we the said Lord deputy and Council, do earnestly require, and straightly charge the said Lord President and Council, that they at all times, and in all places, where any great assembly shall be made before them, do persuade the people by all good means and ways to them seeming good, and especially by their own examples, in observing all Orders for Divine Service, and other things appertaining to Christian Religion, and to embrace, forlow, and devoutly to observe the Order and Service of the Church, established in the Realm by Parliament, or otherways by lawful authority, and earnestly to call upon and admonish all Bishops and Ordinaries, within the precinct of their Commission, diligently, fervently, and often to do the same. And if the Lord President and Council, shall find them negligent and unwilling, or unable to do the same, That then they shall advertise the Lord deputy and Council thereof, and they shall call earnestly upon the Bishops, severely to proceed according to the censuring of the church, against all notorious Advowterers, and such as without lawful divorce, do leave their Wives, or whilst that their lawful Wife liveth do marry with any other, and the Sentence pronounced by the Bishop or Ordinary upon the offendor: The said Lo: Precedent and Council shall endeavour themselves to the uttermost that they conveniently may, to cause the same Sentence to be put in execution according to the Laws; And if they shall find the Ordinary slack or remiss in this duty, and not doing according to his Office, they shall punish, or cause to be punished, the same Bishop or Ordinary, according to their discretions. Also the Lord President and Council shall examine the decay of all parish Churches, and through whose defaults the same be decayed, and to proceed to the procuring or informing of such as ought to repair any Church or Churches, with all convenient speed, according to their discretions: And in cases where her Majesty shall be (after due and advised inquisition) found by reason of her possessions bound to repair the same Churches, In those cases advertisement shall be given to us the Lord deputy, etc. Or if they shall know of any that shall spoil, rob, or deface any Church, they shall with all sincerity proceed to the punishment of the Offenders, according to the Laws, Statutes, and Ordinances of this Realm, or according to their discretions: They shall assist and defend all Arch-Bishops, Bishops, and all other ecclesiastical Ministers in the ministry of their function, and in the quiet possessing of their Lands, rents, services, and hereditaments and shall punish the with-holders', intruders, and usurpers of the same, according to their discretions, and the quality of the offence. They shall also give earnest charge for the observation of all Laws, and Statutes, or Ordinances made, or to be made for the benefit of the Commonwealth, and punishment of malefactors, and especially the Statute for the Hue and cry, for Night-watches, and for Weights and Measures, to be diligently considered, and severely put in execution. Also the said Lord Precedent shall have and retain, one Chaplin or Minister, that shall and can preach, and read the Homilies, who shall be allowed his Diet in the Household of the said Lord Precedent, and shall receive his entertainment to be paid out of the Fines growing in that Province, to whom the Lo: Precedent shall cause due reverence to be given, in respect of the Office that he shall have for the Service of God. Also the said Lo: Deputy and Council will, that the said Lord President and Council, or two of them at least▪ whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, shall endeavour themselves to execute as well all and all manner Statues of this Realm, Proclam●tions, and to do and execute all other Laws and Statutes of this Realm, and other Ordinances, as to punish the transgressors of the same, according to the said Statutes▪ Ordinances, and Proclamations: And to leavy or cause to be levied all and all manner of forfeitures contained in the same, according to the order limited by the said Laws: And if cause so require, shall compound for reasonable causes for all and singular such forfeitures and pains by their discretions; Having therein regard not to diminish the ●ines specially limited by the Laws, without great necessity of the poverty of the parties to be joined with repentance and disposition of amendment in the party, for otherwise it is perilous to give example in weakening the just terror of good Laws. Also the Lord President and Council or two of them whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, shall and may assess and tax Costs and damages, aswell to the Plaintiff as to the Defendant, and shall award Executions for their doings, Decrees and Orders: And shall punish the Breakers of the same, being parties thereunto by their discretions. And the said Lord President and Council▪ shall immediately upon their repair to some convenient place, where they mean to reside within the Limits of their Commission▪ appointing two sufficient men to be Clerks o● Attorneys to that Council, for the making of Bills, Answers, and Proceses for all manner of Subjects, and th●r●n not multiply such Officers, le●t also they be occasion to multiply unnecessary suits, and some trusty wise persons to examine witnesses between party and party, which of necessity would be chosen with good advice, foreseeing expressly and charitably, that no excessive fees be by any of them taken of the Subjects, but that their fees be assessed by the Lord President and Council, and the same fair written upon a Table▪ and fixed upon some public place where the same may be seen▪ and understood of all Suitors, and that in the beginning the Fees may appear, and be mean and reasonable; So as in no wise the prosecution of relief by way of justice be not so chargeable as the poor oppressed sort be thereby discouraged to make their complaints. And because it shall be convenient, that a Register be daily kept for all the doings, orders, decrees and proceedings, which from time to time shall pass by the said Lo. Precedent and Council: The Lord deputy and Counsels pleasure is, that the Clerk of the said Council for the time being, having reasonable allowance for the same of the parties having an interest thereby, shall diligently execute and perform this charge without any further expenses than shall be specially directed unto him by the said Lord Precedent to be sustained by her Majesty's Subjects, for enteries of Acts and Orders, etc. Also the said Lord deputy and Council have thought it convenient, that there shall be one honest and sufficient man appointed to be Clerk and receiver of the Fines, at the nomination of the said Lord Precedent, who shall diligently and orderly keep a Book of all such Fines as shall be taxed upon any person; the fine to be always entered by the hand of the Lord Precedent, and shall have full power to send out Process for any person, upon whom any such fine shallbe so seized, and to receive all such fines, and in every Michaelmas● Term, thereof to make a true and perfect account before the Barons and other Officers of the Queen's Majesty's Exchequer for the time being, to the end we may be ascertained what fines have been acquired to the Queen's Majesty, and how the same have been employed. Provided always, and it shall be lawful for the said Lord President and Council, to employ of the said Fines, reasonable sums for reward of Messengers, and repairing the Queen's castles and houses, and in building and re-edifying Goals within each County, in the precinct of their Commission, where by Laws of the Realm no other persons are thereto bound and chargeable: and also for furnishing of necessary utensils for the household, as to the said L. Precedent and Council▪ or to any two of them, whereof the Lord Precedent to be one, shall seem needful and convenient. In all which the said Lord Precedent shall have regard to moderate those allowances, as of the Fines assessed and levied▪ the Queens Majesty may be answered some reasonable yearly Sums towards her great charges in maintaining of this Council, the same being to the Crown of England a new charge, and any warrantment signed by the said Lord Precedent, or any one of the Council for any such Somme or Soms, shall be a sufficient discharge to the said Clerk our Receiver of the said Fines for the issuing of the said Sums. And the said Clerk or Receiver shall have full power for the sending out of Process against any person upon whom any such Fine shall be cessed, and to have his Process gratis from the Clerk of the Signet, and he to have his diet in the house of the said Lord Precedent, and to be accounted one of the number of this Horsemen▪ and to receive the wages, and entertainment due for the same. Also the said Lord deputy and Council have thought meet there shall be a continual household kept within the precinct and limits of the Commission aforesaid in such place, as to the Lord Precedent shall seem most convenient; All servants necessary for which household shall be at the Nomination of the said Lord Precedent; In which house, each Councillor bound to continual attendance, and attending shall be allowed their diets, and the clerk of the Council, and every other Councillor, being either sent for, or coming for any needful business, for the Queen, or country shall be allowed during their abode there their diet. And for the more honourable port of the said Household, there shall be allowed unto the said Lord President and Council after the rate of ten pounds sterling by the week, to be employed upon the Table charges of the said Household, half yearly to be received at the hands of the Vice-treasurer, and general Receiver of the Queen's Majesty's revenues of this Realm, for payment of which there shall remain in the hands of the said Vice-treasurer, (who is also Treasurer for the Wars) as Warrant dormant, whereby the said Vice-treasurer shall be authorized to pay to the said Lord Precedent, one half years allowance always before hand towards the making his necessary provision, out of the revenue: Or if he shall not have sufficient Treasure, than out of any other Treasure, the said Lord Precedent shall nominate and appoint one discreet and sufficient man of his servants to be Steward, or clerk of the same Household, who shall weekly write and sum the charges thereof, and the same also shall he weekly present to the Lord President and Council, to be considered. And because her Majesty meaneth principally to benefit her Subjects, not only with the fruits of justice, but with the delivery of them from all unnecessary burdens: The Lord President and Council shall foresee, that no manner of extraordinary or excessive charge be put and laid upon any person against their Wills and Agreements, by finding or sustaining of any Horsman, or Footman, or Horseboy, or Horse belonging of the said Lord Precedent, or any of the said Council, on any belonging to them. And in the like manner shall see that the Subjects be not oppressed with the like by any other, contrary to the Laws of the Realm for such causes provided. Item, considering the Queen's Majesty hath title and right to no small quantity of possessions, within Monster, aswell of ancient revenue of the Crown, and of other Signories devolued to the Crown; And also of the dissolved Monasteries and other Houses of religion, the which are not duly answered to her Majesty as reason would; The said Lord President and Council shall from time to time employ their Labours by all their good discretions, to procure that her Majesty's Officers or Farmers appointed for that purpose, may peaceably and fully from time to time possess and receive the profits of the same. The Oath to be ministered by the Lord Precedent to such as shall be admitted to be of the Council of Monster, being not already sworn of her Majesty's Privy Council in Ireland, as well the oath provided in the Statute for swearing of Officers, as also this heereunder written, viz. You shall swear to the uttermost of your power, will, and cunning, you shall be true and faithful to the Queen's Majesty our Sovereign Lady, and to her Heirs and Successors. You shall not know nor hear any thing that may in any wise be prejudicial to her Highness, or the Commonwealth, peace and quiet of this her Highness' Realm, but you shall with all diligence reveal and disclose the same to her Highness, or to such other person or persons of her Majesty's Privy Council in Ireland, as you shall think may and will soon convey and bring it to her Highness' knowledge. You shall serve her Majesty truly and faithfully in the room and place of her Majesty's Council in Monster. You shall in all things that be moved, treated, and debated in any Council, faithfully and truly declare your mind and opinion according to your heart and conscience: In no wise forbearing so to do for any respect of Favour, Meade, Dread, Displeasure, or corruption. Ye shall faithfully and unrightly to the best of your power, cause justice to be duly and indifferently ministered to the Queen's Majesty's Subjects, that shall have cause to sue for the same, according to equity and order of Laws. Finally, you shall be vigilant, diligent, and circumspect in all your doings and proceedings, touching the Queen's Majesty and her affairs. All which points and Articles before expressed, with all other Articles signed with the hands of the Lord deputy and Council of this Realm, and delivered to me the Lord Precedent of her Highness' Council established in these parts: You shall faithfully observe, keep, and fulfil to the uttermost of your Power, Wit, Will, and cunning, so help you God, and the contents of this Book. THE NAMES OF THE COUNCILLORS TO BEE ASSISTANT to the Lord Precedent of Monster, as they are directed under the hand of the Lord deputy. The Earl of Ormond. The Earl of Kildare. The Earl of Thomond. The Vice-Co: Barry. The Lord●Audley. The Bishop of Cork. The Bishop of Limer. Sir Nicholas Welsh. justice Saxey. Sir Francis Barkley. Sir George Thornton. justice's Gold. The Queen's Sergeant. The Q. Attorney general. The Q. Solicitor. Sir Charles Wilmot. Garret Comerford▪ Esquire. Hugh Cuffe, Esquire. Adam Dublin. Thom. Midens. George Cary. Rich. Wingfield. Anth. St leger. George Bourcher. Geof. Fenton. ●ra: Stafford. CHAP. II. The Earl of Tyrone in Monster, and his Actions there. The White Knight Tyrones' prisoner. Florence Mac Carti made Mac Carti More, and Donell Mac Carti displaced. The Lord Barry spoilt. Tyrones' letter to the Lord Barry, with the Lord Barry's answer. Sir Warham Saint leger, and Mac Guyre slain. Tyrones' return into Ulster. A Little before the landing of the Lord Deputy in Ireland (as is said) the Archtraitor Tyrone, The Earl of Tyrone in Monster, & his actions there. to unite the Rebels of Monster, and especially to confer with james fits Thomas, the titulary Earl of Desmond, and Florence Mac Cartie, at whose entreaty he made a journey into Monster; Those whom he found obstinate in rebellion, he encouraged, from such as he held doubtful, he took pledges, or detained prisoners: of which last sort was the White Knight, The White Knight Tyrones' prisoner. and his son in law, Donogh Mac Cormocke Cartie, whom in hand-lockes he carried away with him: And whereas Donell Mac Cartie, the Earl of Clancares base son had been by the Mac Carties of Desmond advanced to the Style, title and authority of Mac Cartie More: Him he displaced, and in his room Florence Mac Cartie Floremce Mac Carty made Mac Cartie More, and Donell Mac Carty displaced. was surrogated, being a man as he conceived, of far more use than Donell. Such as were, or reputed good Subjects, these he prosecuted with sword and fire; Amongst others which felt his heavy hand, the Lord Barry was one, upon whom, when he could not work his desire to draw him into actual rebellion, by the persuasion of the Provincial rebels, him he preyed, The L. Barry preyed and spoiled. burned, and spoilt, to make it manifest, that he was solicited to enter into Rebellion; both the Letters of Tyrone, and the Lord Barries Answer, are here truly set down, the tenors whereof do ensue. Tyrones' Letter to the Lord Barrie. MY Lord Barry, your impiety to God, cruelty to your soul and body, tyranny & ingratitude both to your followers and country are inexcusable & intolerable. You separated yourself from the unity of Christ's mystical Body, the Catholic Church. You know the Sword of Extirpation hangeth over your head, as well as ours, if things fall out other ways then well; you are the cause, why all the Nobility of the South (from the East part to the West,) you being linked unto each one of them, either in affinity, or consanguinity, are not linked together to shake off the cruel yoke of Heresy and Tyranny, with which our Souls and Bodies are oppressed; All those aforesaid depending of your resolution, and relying to your judgement in this common cause of our Religion and Country, you might forsooth with their help, (and the rest that are combined in this holy Action) not only defend yourself from the incursion and invasion of the English, but also (by God's assistance) who miraculously and above all expectation, gave good success to the cause principally undertaken for his glory, exaltation of religion, next for the restauration of the ruins, and preservation of the Country, expel them, and deliver them and us from most miserable and cruel exaction and subjection, enjoy your religion, safety of Wife and children, life, lands and goods, which all are in hazard through your folly, and want of due consideration: Enter I beseech you into the closet of your Conscience, and like a wise man weigh seriously the end of your actions, and take advise of those that ●an instruct you, and inform you better, than your own private judgement can lead you unto. Consider, and read with attention and settled mind, this Discourse I send you, that it may please God to set open your eyes, and graun● you a better mind. From the Camp this instant Tuesday the fixed of March according to the new Computation. I pray you to send me the Papers I sent you, as soon as your Honour shall read the same. O Neale. The Lord Barries Answer to Tyrone. YOur Letters I received, and if I had answered the same as rightfully they might be answered, you should have as little like thereof as I should mislike or fear any thing by you threatened against me; (which manner of Answer, leaving to the construction and consideration of all those that are fully possessed with the knowledge of the Law of duty to God and Man.) You may understand hereby briefly my mind to your objections, in this manner; How I am undoubtedly persuaded in my conscience, that by the Law of God and his true religion I am bound to hold with her Majesty: Her Highness hath never restrained me for matters of religion, and as I felt her Majesty's indifferency and clemency therein, I have not spared to relieve poor Catholics with dutiful succour, which well considered, may assure any well disposed mind, that if duty had not (as it doth) yet kindness and courtesy should bind me, to remember, and requite to my power, the benefits by me received at her Majesty's hands: You shall further understand, that I hold my Lordships and Lands, immediately under God, of her Majesty and her most noble Progenitors, by corporal service, and of none other, by very ancient Tenor, which Service and Tenor, none may dispense withal, but the true Possessor of the Crown of England, being now our Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth. And though ye by some over weening imaginations, have declined from your dutiful allegiance unto her Highness; Yet I have settled myself never to forsake Her: Let fortune never so much rage against me, she being my anointed Prince, and would to God you had not so far ran to such desperate and erroneous ways, offending God and her Majesty: who hath so well deserved of you, and I would pray you, to enter into consideration thereof, and with penitent hearts, to reclaim yourselves, hoping that her Highness of her accustomed clemency▪ would be gracious to you, wherein I leave you to your own compunction and consideration. And this much I must challenge you, for breach of your word in your Letter, by implication inserted that your forces have spoiled part of my country, and preyed them to the number of four thousand Kine, and three thousand Mares and Gerrans, and taken some of my followers Prisoners, within the time by you assigned unto me to come unto you, by your said word, (if ye regard it) I require restitution of my spoil, and Prisoners, and after (unless you be better advised▪ for your Loyalty) use your discretions against me and mine, and spare not if you please, for I doubt not with the help of God, and my Prince, to be quit with some of you hereafter, though now not able to use resistance: And so wishing you to become true and faithful Subjects to God and your Prince, I end, at Barry Court this twenty six of February, 1599 While Tyrone was in Monster, Sir Warham St leger and Mac Guire slain. a disastrous action happened, upon the day of February, Tyrone with his Hellhounds being not far from Cork, Sir Warham St Ledger and Sir Henry Power (who after the death of Sir Thomas Norris, Lord Precedent of Monster in the vacancy of a Precedent had been established Commissioners for the government of the Province) riding out of the City for recreation to take the air, accompanied with sundry Captains and Gentlemen with a few Horse for their Guard, not dreaming of an enemy near at hand, carelessly riding every one as he thought good, within a mile of the Town, or little more, Sir Warham St leger, and one of his servants a little straggling from his company, was in a narrow way, suddenly charged by Mac Guire, who with some Horse (likewise dispersed) had spread a good circuit of ground, in hope either to get some booty, or to have the kill of some Subjects, they charged each other. Sir Warham discharged his Pistol, and shot the Traitor; and he was strucken with the others Horsemans' staff in the head, of which wounds either of them died: but none else on either side was slain. 1600. Tyrone Tyrones' return into V●ster. having dispatched his business in Monster turned his face towards Ulster. The Earl of Ormond, the Lord Lieutenant general of Her Majesty's Forces with a competent Army was before him with a purpose to fight with him in his retreat; But by what accident he miss of his intention I know not, being a hard matter to fight with an enemy that is not disposed to put any thing in hazard: He went through Ormond and stayed not until he had passed through a part of Westmeth between molingar and Athlone. The Lord Deputy on the 5. of March had intelligence that he meant to pass through Westmeth; Whereupon with all the force he could presently assemble he marched from Dublin, but his endeavour was fruitless, for Tirone was passed before his coming. CHAP. III. The Lord President le●●t Dublin. The Earl of Ormond taken prisoner by Owny Mac Rory Omore. A joint Letter from the Lord President and the Earl of Thomond to the Lords of the Council in England. The manner of the Earl of Ormonds' taking prisoner. The narrow escape of the Lord Precedent, and wounding of the Earl of Thomond. The order taken for the 〈◊〉 of the Country after the Earl of Ormonds' disaster. The submission of Tho: Fitz james, and Tho: Power. THE Lord President having attended long at Dublin about his dispatches afore mentioned, The Precedent left Dublin 7. April. (wherein he lost no time) upon the seventh of April being accompanied with the Earl of Thomond, the Lo: Audley, Captain Roger Harvy, Captain Thomas Browne, Captain Garret Dillon and some other Captains and Gentlemen with seven hundred Foot and one hundred Horse; He took his leave of the Lord deputy, who with all the Councillors and Captains then in the City, (to do him honour) road with him about two miles out of the Town, and that night he lodged at the Naas, the next night at Catherlogh, and the day following he came to Kilkenny to visit the Earl of Ormond being a noble man whom he much respected, aswell for the honourable parts that were in him, as for the long and familiar acquaintance which had been between them: After salutations and compliments were passed, the Earl told the Precedent that the next day he was to parley with the Rebel Owny Mac▪ Rory Omore at a place about eight miles from Kilkenny, and he was desirous that the Precedent would go with him, whereunto he easily assented: the next morning being the tenth of April, 10. Aprilis according to the appointment, the Earl parleyed with the Traitor, and was there taken Prisoner: The Earl of Ormond taken prisoner by Owny mac Rory O●more To the end the Reader may truly understand the manner of that day's misfortune, behold the Letter which the Precedent and the Earl of Thomond sent to the Lords of the Council in England, wherein the same is fully related. A joint Letter from the Lord President and the Earl of Thomond to the Lords of the Council. IT may please your Lordships: Although I the Precedent have by my Letters advertised the Lord deputy, the manner in what sort the Earl of Ormond was taken, which I think is by his Lordship sent unto you, yet, we think it our duties to make relation thereof unto your Lordships; and to make known unto your Honours, how accidentally we were witnesses of his misfortune. On Monday the seventh of April, we departed from Dublin, and upon Wednesday at night we came to Kilkenny, where we found the Earl of Ormond: In our company we had one hundred Horse, dispersed in the Country ten or twelve miles distant from us, by the Earl's Officers: as soon as we came unto him, he acquainted us, that he had appointed the next day to parley with Owny Mac Rory, we told his Lordship, that we would attend him: And I the Precedent, desired his Lordship, that my one hundred Horse might be sent for to go with us, for his Lordship's better guard, which he refused, thanking me for my offer, The manner of the Earl of Ormonds' taking. saying that he had no need of them: The next day being the tenth of this present▪ after Dinner his Lordship not having in his company above the number of seventeen Horsemen (of his followers) armed, and not little above the like number of all sorts, whereof we were part, and the rest Lawyers, Merchants, and others upon Hackneys, with no other Weapons than our Swords, road out to the place of meeting, eight long Miles from Kilkenny, called Corronneduffe, upon the Borders of Ydough; Leaving his Lordships own Company of two hundred Footmen short (of the place of Parley assigned) above two English Miles; The place where we met with the rebels, was upon a Heath ground, descending towards a narrow strait, having on either side of us a low shrubby boggy wood, within three pikes length (at the farthest) from the place where we parlyed, and the like distance from the strait aforesaid, the choice whereof we much misliked. Owny Mac Rorye when he came unto us, brought with him a Troop of choice Pikes, leaving in a little plain beyond the strait, within half Culverin shot of us, in our sight, all his gross, being in all to the number (as Redmond Keting, one of the rebels did swear unto me the Precedent five hundred Foot strong, and twenty Horse, whereof three hundred were Bonoughes, the best furnished men for the war, and the best apppointed that we have seen in this Kingdom. At our first meeting, and so during the parley, (which was apppointed for some good causes best known to his Lordship) they stood (as they might) every one trailing his Pike, and holding the cheek thereof in his hand, ready to push. The Earl himself was upon a little weak Hackney, unarmed (as all we were that were about him) standing so near with the side of his Hackney to the rebels, as they touched him. After an hour and more was idly spent, and nothing concluded, we and others did pray his Lordship to depart: But he desirous to see that infamous jesuit Archer, did cause him to be sent for; as soon as he came, the Earl and he fell into an Argument, wherein he called Archer Traitor, and reproved him, for sending, under pretext of Religion, her Majesty's Subjects into rebellion. In this mean time the gross of the rebels had left their standing in the plain, and some crept into the shrubs aforesaid, and others did so mingle themselves among us, that we were environed, and stood as if we had been in a Fair, whereof divers did advertise his Lordship. And at last I the Earl of Thomond willed Ownye to put back his men: And I the Precedent desired his Lordship to be gone, for that I did not like their mingling with us; wherewith as his Lordship was turning his Horse, at an instant they seized upon him, and us two: His Lordship was in a moment drawn from his Horse; we had more hanging upon us, then is credibly to be believed: but our horses were strong, and by that means did break through them, in tumbling down (on all sides) those that were before and behind us, and (thanks be to God) we escaped the push of their pikes, (which they freely bestowed) and the flinging of their Skeines, without any hurt, saving that I the Earl of Thomond received with a Pike a wound in the back. The Earl's Horsemen (which were armed) were far from us, for every one was dispersed, and talking with particular rebels, about the bordering business, so as we do protest unto your Lordships, in all we were not above ten unarmed men near unto him, and as soon as the Alarm was raised, every man of his followers came away, without ●ooking behind him: After we had cleared ourselves (within a Butt length at the most) we made haut, and called for the Trumpet, and cried upon the Earl's men for a Charge, but none stood by us, but Captain Harvy, Captain Browne, Master Comerford, a Lawyer, and three of our Servants, which was all the company that we had then, and all of us, without Armour or other Weapon then our Swords, so as for want of more company, we were enforced by the Enemy's shot, to leave them the ground; But we do assure your Lordships, the place wherein we parleyed was of such advantage to the Enemy, that 500 Foot, would not have cared for 500 Horse, and therefore (his Lordship having no Foot with him) it was impossible to do the Enemy any harm with Horse: this treachery (for so we must term it in respect of his Lordship's confidence in the valour of his own men, and also in his opinion that the Enemy durst not show him this foul measure) was contrived by that Villain Archer, and none was made acquainted with it, The narrow escape of the Lord Precedent. but Owny Mac Rory, two Leinster men, and four Bonnaghes, for if more had been trusted, there is no doubt but his Lordship should have had knowledge of it; Owny Mac Rory laid his hands on me the Precedent, as they report, and (next unto God) I must thank the Earl of Thomond for my escape, The Earl of Thomond wounded. who thrust his Horse upon him, and at my back a Rebel newly protected (at my suit) called Brien Mac Donoghe Kevanaghe being a foot, did me good service, and wounded one of the Traitors, that laid hands on the Earl of Ormond, for the rest I must thank my Horse, whose strength bore down all about him. On our side there was but one man slain, not above five hurt, whereof Pierce Butler (a kinsman of the Earls) was one, who behaved himself valiantly; and about fourteen taken Prisoners; and of the Enemy was one slain, and a few hurt; the Prisoners were taken by their own negligence, who were grazing their horses: The taking of this great Lord breeds unsettled humours in these parts, for all the Gentlemen of the country (whereof some of them were his true followers) for want of a Defender are wavering; others, which in their own dispositions were naught, and contained themselves as Subjects but for fear of his power, are now at liberty, and we fear will shortly declare themselves: The order which was taken for the settling of the country after the Earl of Ormonds' disaster. To keep them from present uproars, I the Precedent, did immediately send for six hundred Foot of the Monster Companies, which were at Watterford, & the hundred Horse, which were in the country, to the Town of Kilkenny, which hath wrought good effect, and stayed the unsettled humours; besides, thereby it did assure the Lady of Ormond, and her daughter, which otherwise had been subject to many dangers, so sorrowful a Lady in all our lives we have not seen; and do believe, that if it had not pleased God, that we at that time, had been there, she would hardly have undergone those griefs that did oppress her: For besides the loss of her husband (in being Prisoner with those rogues) she beheld the apparent ruin of herself and her daughter, and no less danger of both their lives; the Guard whereof she committed unto us, not being assured of those that serve her, for there is divers that pretend to be the Earl's Heirs; First Sir Edmond Butler his second Brother, which Sir Walter Butler the Earl's Nephew, (whose blood is not attainted) will not yield unto, because his Uncle Sir Edmond is not restored in blood; And the Viscount Mountgarret thinks, that he ought to be Earl of Ormond, for many reasons which he pretends. This controversy could not but breed great danger to the Countess, and her daughter, for that either of those would be glad to possess themselves in the Earl's houses, and the doubt who is to succeed him, breeds unsettled humours in the Gentlemen of the country, that be followers to the Earl, every one addicting himself to the party they affect, whereby there is a general distraction which would have broken out into a dangerous Rebellion, if the Forces and we had not been here to keep them in awe: Besides we did not neglect to send for all the Lords and Gentlemen in the country (that are of the best quality) and have temporised with them; So as we hope, the dangers which were like to ensue, will be for a time well appeased: Also understanding that Balliragget a house of the Lord Mountgarets', in the which there is a Ward for the Queen, kept as a Pledge for his loialty, that the same was attempted to be won by the Vicecounts sons, who are in rebellion; And immediately upon the Earls taking, lay before it, in hope to starve the Soldiers, (for their last day's victuals was spent) I the Precedent did take up in Kilkenny, upon my credit victuals, and with a strong convoy of Horse and Foot, have revictualled it, for six weeks, whereof the Lord Deputy is advertised, praying him to be careful, before that victual be spent; And because that all things might be continued in good order; We thought good to remain in Kilkenny, until the Lord Deputy should determine of some course, so to hold it for her Majesty's benefit, the country's good, and the Countess and her daughter's safety; wherein we were enforced to make large disbursements, of our small stores, for dieting in that time of the horse and foot Troops, whereof I the Earl, defrayed the charges of my own Company of two hundred Foot, and I the Precedent of all the rest, during our abode there, which was eight days. In this mean time we understanding that Mountgarrets sons, (which are in rebellion) did come to spoil the country near to Kilkenny; We sent out some part of our Troops, who lighted upon some of their men; And amongst them which they slew, there was one of the Butlers, a near kinsman to Mountgarret and a Leader slain, and the Traitors driven to their Woods, being enforced to leave their enterprise. The sixteenth of this present, Sir George Bourchier, and Sir Christopher St Laurence, sent from the Lord deputy, came to Kilkenny, Sir George for chief Commander of her Majesty's Forces there, and to take charge of the Countess, her Daughter, and the Earls Houses, and Sir Christopher to be directed by him. The Forces there left is two hundred Foot of the Earls, other two hundred Foot of Sir Christopher's, thirty Foot left in a ward in Mountgarretts house, called Balliraggett, eighty five Horse, (whereof fifty of the Earls, five and twenty of St Lawrences') and ten of Sir George Bourchiers. Since the Earls taking, we kept the Rebels from doing any hurt in the Country, neither as yet is there any in rebellion in the same, but Mountgarrets sons, whose force is not such, but in our opinions, (without they call strangers to assist them) her Majesty's Forces there is much too strong for them. The seventeenth we left Kilkenny, and came to this City, leaving Sir George Bourcheir as aforesaid. This accident hath withheld me the Precedent from my peculiar charge, more than I purposed, but therein I hope your Lordships will hold me excused, being other ways so necessarily employed in these causes of so great importance; whereof I humbly beseech your Lordships, in your wisdoms to have due consideration. To morrow we proceed in our journey towards Cork, from whence, (with the rest of the Council there) we will advertise your Lordships, in what estate we find the Province, not being able here to certify your Honours so particularly as then we may. So we humbly take our leaves: From Waterford, the eighteenth of April, 18. April. 1600. Strange it was to consider how much this misfortune distracted the minds of sundry that before were inclined to subjection, and greatly animated the Traitors to persevere in their wicked enterprises, which might evidently be seen in Pierce Lacie, a wise and malicious Traitor, who being but few days before upon the Earl's protection, promising great loyalty and much service, did presently relapse, and became a more dangerous Rebel then at any time before. But now leaving farther discourse of former occurrents, we will betake ourselves wholly to prosecute the relation of such things as happened in Monster, after the Lord Precedent came to Waterford, which was the sixteenth of April; For the prosecution of the Service in which Province, by order out of England, the List, as aforesaid for Monster, was established to be three thousand Foot, and two hundred and fifty Horse. After his repair thither, Intelligence came unto him, that the titulary Earl of Desmond with the greatest part of his Forces was remaining not far from Yoghall, about Drum●inin, with intent to give impediment unto him, The submissions of Tho. fits james, & Tho. Power. and such Companies as he had with him. Thomas fits james, Bastard son of Sir james fits Gerrald, late Lord of the Decies, and Thomas Power, the Lord Powers Cousin jerman, the chief Rebels in the County of Waterford, receiving advertisement that the Precedent was in Waterford, fearing peradventure lest some draught might be drawn upon them; and that themselves or followers might receive some great prejudice by means of the Precedents Forces, made great instance by the Lord Power, and Sir Nicholas Welsh, to be received into her Majesty's protection, promising and protesting not only that they would reclaim themselves, and their followers from committing any outrage against her Majesty's Subjects; but further, that they would endeavour to recompense and requite their former defaults by some acceptable service. The Lord President considering, that the receiving of them and their Dependants into protection, would be a means both to weaken the Traitor Desmond of some part of his strength, and to secure and open the passage betwixt Waterford and Yoghall, which before was so kept, especially by them, that there was no way to send but by Sea: Upon the best assurance that could be gotten for their future loyalties, accepted their submissions, and granted protection both to themselves and their followers, since which time they have been good and loyal Subjects. CHAP. IU. The encounter of her Majesty's Forces with Florence Mac Carty. The prey of the Brough taken. The state of the Province of Monster, when the Lora Precedent came into it. The Lord Barry preyed. Redmond Burke defeated by Odwyre. Odwyres Country harrassed by Redmond Burke. THE twentieth of April 20. April. the Lord Precedent accompanied with the Earl of Thomond, the Lord Aud●●y, the Lo: Power, the Lord of the Decies, Sir Nicholas Welsh, Sir Anthony Cook, Sir Richard Masterson, Captain Roger Harvie, Captain William Taffe, Captain Richard Greame, Captain Fleming, Captain Gifford, Captain Dillon, Captain Oreilly, and divers other private Gentlemen, with eight hundred Foot, and one hundred Horse, came that night to Dongarvan, where he found Sir George Cary the Treasurer his Company, which the next morning he took along with him to Yoghall. 22. April. The two and twentieth he received advertisement of an encounter between Captain Flower, Serjeant Major of that Province, and Florence Mac Carty, the performance whereof was as followeth. Florence Mac Carty notwithstanding the infinite favours and bounties which he had received from her Majesty, The encounter of her Majesty's forces with Flor. Mac Cartie. being wholly Spaniolized, had possessed the minds of those in Carbry & Desmond with a strange opinion of his worthiness, and having combined with Tyrone and the other Rebels at his late being in Monster did show himself in open action against her Majesty. Whereupon the Commissioners Sir Warham Saint Leger, and Sir Henry Power sent Captain Flower and Captain Bostocke into Carbery with twelve hundred foot and one hundred horse (which Flower commanded in chief) to make prosecution against the Rebels of those parts, in their way towards Rosse, they burned and spoiled the Country as they passed, they got the heads of thirty seven notorious rebels, besides others of less note: Florence gathered together of the Provincials and Bownoghs (for so they call their waged men) to the number of two thousand or thereabouts, Dermond Oconner, as General, (for so they termed him) of the Bownoghs; These being gathered to a head, attended their opportunity to give some blow to our Forces, yet never did encounter them, until they were in their return within five Miles of Cork. In the mid way betwixt that City and Kinsale, there is a ford & a bridge, over the river called Awneboy. Here the rebels lay close in an ambush on the North side of the river, in a glynn between two hills, and also on the South side, in a scrubbie Wood near the river: The Companies coming on, not thinking there to expect an Enemy, marched scarce orderly, and but a few maches burning, Captain john Bostocke, riding a good pretty distance before them, and past the bridge, espied the Morions of some of the sunk ambush in the Glinn, presently retiring back gave notice of the Enemy, and willed them to prepare themselves. The rebels finding that they were discovered, presently rose, and charged our men before they were well ordered; Captain Flower the Commander finding himself oppressed with numbers, drew to the walls of an old ruinous Castle to the Eastward, near half a mile distant for his safety, in which retreat, they being upon the point of routing, were charged home both with Horse and Foot. Flower to prevent the danger, directed Lieutenant Lane, officer to Sir john Barkley, to lie in ambush under an old ditch, with a squadron of Musketeers; Carbry Oconner brother to Dermond aforesaid, came on with his Company, following the execution of some of our men, until he fell into the ambush, where hearing a volley of shot delivered upon them, Carbry with other Gentlemen were slain; At which accident the rebels being amazed, the Horse took the opportunity, and charged them with such resolution, as instantly they routed, and our men fell upon the execution of them: In which Charge I cannot but particularly commend Robert Tent, Sir Anthony Cooks Cornet, who did behave himself with extraordinary valour: besides Carbry Oconner, ninety eight were slain in the place, and near that number hurt, whereof divers afterwards died: On our part, none of note hurt, but Greame, brother to Captain Richard Greame, and eight Soldiers: Captain Flower, (who did that day admirably well) had two Horses slain under him, and received sundry wounds, both with sword and pike, and it was his fortune to encounter with Dermond O Conner, at whom he discharged his Pistol, which lighted upon his Targett, whereby he received no hurt. That night they marched into Kinelmekagh, and encamped beyond the Bridge of Balline Curtsy, where they stayed with their hurt men two nights; the third day in the evening they dispersed their Companies to those Countries where they had Bonaught. The same day Captain Francis Slingsby, Commander of the Lord Presidents Foot Company, and garrison at Kilmallock, where there was the Lord Presidents two hundred Foot, Captain Clares one hundred and fifty, twenty five of Sir Anthony Cook his Troop, and twelve of Sir George Thorntons' Horse, drew forth in the night, part of that garrison, to take the prey of the Brough, a Castle of Pierce Lacy's, but three miles from Kilmallocke, to expect the coming forth of the prey to graze, The prey of the Brough taken. which accordingly, about an hour after day light came forth, and they took it: Then presently the cry being raised, three hundred Foot, and fifty Horse led by Pierce Lacie, skirmished with them for the space of six hours; but seeing they could not prevail, they gave over the pursuit: There was slain of our men, but one Horseman of Sir George Thorntons' Troop, and four or five of the Lord Presidents Foot hurt; their losses were more, whereof Con Oneale, Tyrones' base son was hurt. The three and twentieth at night the Lord Precedent lodged at Barriscourt, 23. April. the Lord Barries house, and the four and twentieth he came to Cork, upon the way being met by Sir Henry Power, the Commissioner of the Province, and the Captains that there were garrisoned. The first thing that the Precedent intended (after he was come to Cork) was throughly to understand the state of the Province, as than it stood; the greatest part whereof, although it was known to him before, yet he calling the Council of that Province together, desired to be certified by them in the particulars thereof, to the intent that he might address his actions accordingly, Sir Henry Power being sole Commissioner (since the death of Sir Warham St Leger) reported the same much after this manner. I know not how more fitly to describe unto your Honour the estate of this Province, The state of the Province of Monster, when the Lo. President came into it. then by comparing the same to a man that is diseased of a languishing, and almost incurable sickness, the Head so sore, and the Heart so sick, that every member refuseth his natural Office, in so much that I dare boldly affirm, that since the Conquest of Ireland, this Province of Monster was never more distempered then now it is, for all the inhabitans of the country, are in open and actual rebellion, except some few of the better sort; who though themselves in their own persons attend the state, yet all their Tenants, Friends, and Followers, yea and for the most part, either their Sons or Brothers, publicly professed in the devilish action; as for example, the Lord of Cahir, Cormocke Mac Dermond Lord of Muskry, Gerald Fits james Lord of the Decies, Mac Carty Keugh; The computation and number of the rebels, how many they are, especially of the Province, by reason that they are dispersed in so many several countries, and commanded by so many heads, we can give no certain judgement, but for strangers (meaning Connaght men that receive bonnaght amongst them) we are certainly advertised from divers, that are well acquainted with their affairs, that they are in List five thousand men, which strength added to the Rebels of the Province, doth make them absolutely Masters of the field, and her Majesty's Forces here garrisoned in Cities and walled Towns for their safety, (by reason of their weakness before your coming) were in condition little better than besieged. Furthermore, all this might seem more tolerable, if the Cities and walled Towns were (in these times of extremity) a safe and well assured retreat for them: but all of them are so besotted and bewitched with the Popish Priests, Jesuits, and Seminaries, that for fear of their Cursings and Excommunications, they are ready upon every small occasion, to rise in Arms against them, and minister all underhand, aid and succour unto the Rebels: so that considering the generality of the Inhabitants that are in open rebellion, the infidelity of those that pretend subjection, the multitude of Connaght men that defend the Action, and the little confidence that may be reposed in Cities, (by reason of their contrary religion) we may very well conclude, that the estate of this Province is like a man sick of a most dangerous and desperate disease. The Lord President having heard by his former advertisements concerning the same matter, thus confirmed; He told the Council that he much doubted of any good success that could suddenly be expected, and the rather because his Forces were far inferior to the rebels, being in list but three thousand Foot and two hundred and fifty Horse: Yet remembering the old Proverb, that Ardua virtutis est via, and relying upon the justness of the War, more than upon the number of his Forces, resolved to try the uttermost of his wit and cunning, without committing the matter to the hazard of fortune, to quench the fire that now raged with such extreme fury. The same day john Fits Thomas accompanied with one hundred Kern, The Lord Barry preyed or thereabouts, came into the Lord Barry his country, near Castle Lions, and there took from him and his Tenants a prey of three hundred Cows and ten Horses. The morrow following being the twenty sixth, 26. April. intelligence was brought from Cormocke Oge Carty called by the English Charles Carty, Son to Sir Cormocke Mac Teg, that the Arch-traitor Tyrone had sent Letters to Florence Mac Carty, to encourage both him and his adherents to persist in the action: Assuring them that within one month, namely in May next, he would be with them again in Monster, and for that journey, his Munition, Victuals, etc. were already prepared. The twnety seventh (as Dermond Odwire informed the Precedent by his Letters) Redmond Burke with six hundred men entered into his country to burn and pray the same, Redmond Burke defeated by Odwire. which to effect, he divided his Forces into three sundry parts: Odwire having assembled as many men as that short warning would permit, fell upon one of the Divisions afore mentioned, which consisted of two hundred Foot, of them he slew one hundred and twenty, and many hurt: In revenge whereof Redmond Burke upon the sixth of May following, having gotten as many men as he could assemble, Odwires country harrassed by Redmond Burke. entered the second time into the aforesaid country, where he slew Man, Woman, and Child, burned all the houses, (Castles excepted) and drove away all the Cattle of the country. CHAP. V. Loghguyre preyed. The submission of Barrett and Condon. The submission of Florence Mac Cartie. Florence Mac Cartie's demands. The submission of Nugent. The Broughe burnt by Pierce Lacie. Redmond Burke departed out of Cownologhe. Ten of the Bonoughs slain by Sir Richard Percy. A Letter from james Fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. The Army set out from Cork toward Limericke. The submission of the white Knight. THE twenty ninth, 29. April. Captain Francis Slingsby drew forth one hundred and fifty Foot, and twenty Horse, of the Garrizon of Kilmallocke (in the night) to take the prey of Loghguire, Loghguire preyed. five miles distant from his Garrizon, a place which much annoyed the passage between Kilmallocke and Limericke; in the morning when the Cattle were put forth to graze, he took it: the Ward to recover it sallied, but after a short skirmish, being hopeless to do any good, with some loss returned. About this time also the Lord precedent began to give forth speeches of a journey, that he speedily intended towards Limricke, with a purpose to burn and spoil all the Rebels Houses and Corn, and to take the prey of the country near adjoining, through which his Army should pass, whether it were the bruit of this journey, or the hard measure that he had lately received at the hands of the Arch-traitors, Tyrone and Desmond, the white Knight (whose country lay near to the way as the Army should march) sought by the means of Sir George Thornton, to be received into protection, promising to repair and recover the credit he had lost, by his lewd and disloyal courses, which afterwards he performed accordingly as shall be showed in its due place. About this time also William Barrett of Ballencolly, The submission of Barret and Condon. and Mac Mawghe Condon, both chief of small Countries, submitted themselves to her Majesty's mercy. But the principal mark which the Lord Precedent aimed at, before his entrance into the Field with his Army, was to reclaim (if possible it might be) Florence Mac Cartie (before spoken of) from further pursuing those hateful and ingrateful courses, which unadvisedly he had entered into. This he desired for divers reasons: First and especially for the service, which he foresaw might receive some good countenance by his subjection. Secondly, because (if he continued in action) of necessity he must be constrained to employ a great part of his Forces (which he thought both inconvenient and dangerous to be divided) to follow the prosecution of him and his Complices; And lastly, a good opinion which some his honourable friends in England, and himself also had conceived of him: For these causes, was the Precedent moved earnestly to desire, that this Florence might be stayed from further persisting in those exorbitant courses, and the rather, because the said Florence had written Letters unto him, which upon his way into Monster he received, that as soon as he should come to Cork, he would present himself personally to him, and do all his endeavours to advance the Service. All which being made known by the Lord Precedent to the Earl of Thomond, he entreated the said Earl, and Sir Nicholas Welsh, to join with john fits edmond's, Florence his Godfather, (a man very famous in those parts, for his learning and liberal hospitality in entertaining of strangers) to send a Messenger, to signify to Florence Mac Cartie, that they were very desirous to confer with him, about certain particularities concerning his own good. By his Letter remised in answer of this message, he appointed both a time and place for their meeting, which was accordingly performed. After more than two hours spent, and many Oaths passed, as well by the Earl as Sir Nicholas Welsh, that the Precedent had promised his safe return; with fearful guiltiness he came to Cork, and from thence to Shandon Castle, upon the third of May, 1600, 3. Ma●●. The submission of Flor. Mac Carty. where the Lord Precedent remained at that time, before whom when he had presented himself, he made his submission upon his knees, with many protestations of the sincerity of his Heart, and the true loyalty, which he always bare towards her Majesty, desiring that he might be received into her Majesty's favour, and he would serve her as faithfully and unfeignedly, as any man in Monster. The Lord Precedent reproved him very sharply, for his traitorous behaviours, laying before him the odiousness and foulness of his faults, and the monstrous ingratitude towards her Majesty, from whom he had received many great benefits, and gracious favours: These speeches finished, the Precedent bade him to stand up; when as both he, and the Earl of Thomond, Sir Nicholas Welsh, and john fits Edmund, did every of them very feelingly preach Obedience unto him: His answer being very general, carried great show of loyalty and obedience at that time. Upon the next morrow he was called before the Precedent and Council, who was again urged (by them all in general) not only to desist from proceeding in evil, but with alacrity of mind to do some such service, as might merit reward; for assurance and performance whereof, the Precedent demanded his eldest son in pledge: for the avoidance whereof he used many colourable reasons, viz. That it would cause the Bonnoghs to forsake him, yea, and to drive him out of his Country, erecting his wife's base Brother in his place; That he had of long time tasted of miseries and wants; That he had lately recovered his Country of Desmond with great travel and charges, and therefore like the burnt child, he feared to run into any such inconvenience, as might cause his friends to relapse from him. Adding moreover, that it was needless in them to exact any such thing at hishands, who was in his soul wholly addicted & devoted to her Majesty's service. The weakness of these reasons were both wisely discovered, and effectually answered: but all that could be said, was no more pleasing to him, then is delightful music to deaf ears; which being discerned, the Precedent betook himself to a new devise: for now he vehemently threatened, (that leaving for a time all other services) a sharp prosecution of Hostility, with fire and sword against himself, his tenants and followers, should speedily overtake him, upon his return into Desmond. Much was he amazed with this denunciation, and therefore having made a short pause, answered thus: Since my needless pledge is so earnestly desired, Flor. Mac Carties demands. I am content to leave my eldest son in Cork upon these conditions: That her Majesty would pass unto me the Country of Desmond, in as large and ample manner, as before it was conveyed unto my Father in law the Earl of Clancare. Secondly, that she would give unto me the Name and Title of Mac Cartie More, or Earl of Clancare. Thirdly, that she would give unto me three hundred men in pay, for assuring my Country from all that would offend it. These hyperbolical demands, were no sooner propounded, but absolutely rejected: Therefore he desired that Licence might be granted unto him, to write to his honourable friends in England, to work for him the afore recited Conditions, which without any great difficulty was permitted. Lastly, the Precedent questioned with him what he intended to do, if these his desires were not satisfied; thereupon he swore upon a Book, that he would never bear Arms against her Majesty's Forces, (except he were assaulted in Desmond) and that his followers should likewise abstain from actual rebellion; and further, that he would send him intelligence from time to time, of the Rebels proceedings, and do him the best underhand-service that possibly he could. Now had the Precedent effected a great part of his desires, namely, that by Florence his remaining in neutrality, his Forces might be wholly employed against james fits Thomas, who being once slain or banished, it would be an easy matter to teach him to speak in a more submissive language, and forget to capitulate either for Lands, Title, or Charge. Florence is now departed towards his Country of Desmond, where leaving him in suspense, betwixt doubt and fear, we will proceed in the accidents of Cork. Now the Precedent discerning this War in Monster to be like a Monster with many Heads, or a Servant that must obey divers Masters, did think thus; that if the Heads themselves might be set at variance, they would prove the most fit Instruments to ruin one another: The two chief Heads were the Sugan Earl (for so they called Desmond) Commander of the Provincials, and Dermond O Conner General of the Bownoghs before mentioned. This Dermond O Conner was a poor man in the beginning of his fortune, and not Owner of two Plough Lands, in Connaght his native Country; his reputation grew partly by his wife, who was daughter to the old Earl of Desmond, and partly by his valour, being reputed one of the most valiant Leaders, and best Commanders amongst the Irish rebels. By means whereof he had now the command of fourteen hundred men in his own Bonaght, and besides that, might strike a great stroke with the other, being by Tyrone at his departure out of Monster, ordained chief Commander of them all. This man did the Precedent make choice to deal withal, for these reasons: First because he knew that the said Dermond being a mere Mercenary, and serving in Monster only for pay, might be induced by large Sums of money, to serve the Queen aswell as the rebels: Secondly, he had a very fit Instrument, whereby the more easily to work him to his will, namely his Wife, who being brought up some part of her time amongst the English, had not only learned the language, but stood reasonably well affected to the English government, and likely it was that she would use all her industry, to advance the service, in hope that if it succeeded well, it would prove a good step or Ladder, to procure the liberty of her Brother james Fits Gerald, Son and Heir to Gerald Earl of Desmond slain (now Prisoner in the Tower) and to raise his fortunes. Lastly it was publicly known that the Sugan Earl, would never do service upon the Bownoghs, except he might have both the title and possessions of the Earl of Desmond confirmed unto him, which her Majesty would never condescend unto. Upon these grounds in very secret manner, he provided and sent a fit agent, to sound the inclination of the Lady Margaret, for so was Dermonds' Wife named; and finding her fit to be wrought upon, the Conditions should be propounded, viz. That if her husband would take Desmond Prisoner, and deliver him into the hands of the Precedent, he should incontinently receive one thousand pound sterling; and that he should have a Company of men in pay from the Queen, and other conditions of satisfaction, to herself and her Brother: The Messenger was ●o sooner sent about these important affairs, but that another occasion offered itself unto the Precedent, of no less moment than the former, to advance the service: for immediately hereupon, one john Nugent sometimes servant to Sir Thomas Norris, late Precedent of Monster, pretending some wrongs and injuries to be offered unto him by the State, joined with the Rebels, and became (to his power) the most malicious and bloody Traitor in all these parts. At last having as it should seem spit his poison, and spent his Venom, sought to Sir Warham Saint Leger, and Sir Henry Power, the Commissioners, to be received into protection; who more for fear of the hurt that he might do, then hope of the good that he would do, granted the same, until the Lord Presidents pleasure (who was now ready to depart from Dublin towards Monster) were further known. At this time therefore Nugent came to make his submission to the Precedent, The submission of Nugent. and to desire pardon for his faults committed: Answer was made, that for so much as his crimes and offences had been extraordinary, he could not hope to be reconciled unto the State, except he would deserve it by extraordinary service, which saith the Precedent, if you shall perform, you may deserve not only Pardon for your faults committed heretofore, but also some store of Crowns to relieve your wants hereafter; He presently promised, not to be wanting in any thing that lay in the power of one man to accomplish, and in private made offer to the Precedent, that if he might be well recompensed, he would ruin within a short space, either the Sugan Earl, or john Fits Thomas his Brother. And indeed very likely he was both to attempt and perform as much as he spoke. To attempt because he was so valiant and daring, as that he did not fear any thing; and to execute, because by reason of his many outrages before committed, the chief Rebels did repose great confidence in him. The Precedent having contrived a plot for james Fits Thomas (as is before showed) gave him in charge to undertake john his Brother: But because the matter might be carried without any suspicion, upon the next morrow, the Council being set, and a great concourse of people assembled, Nugent reneweth his suit for the continuance of his protection. But the Precedent rehearsing in public audience, a Catalogue of his mischievous outrages lately committed, told the Council, that having farther enquired, and better considered of Man and Matter, for his part he thought it an action of very ill example to receive unto mercy such a notorious Malefactor: the Council were all of the same opinion, who reviling him with many biting and bitter speeches, and assuring him, that if it were not for a religious regard, that was holden of the Queen's word, he should pay a dear price for his former misdemeanour, and so with public disgrace, was he dismissed their presence. The promised submission of the white Knight, the jealousy which the rebels conceived of Florence Mac Carty by his coming to the Precedent, and the Precedents journey being now blazed through the Province, it caused Pierce Lacie, The Brough burnt by Pierce Lacy. who all the time of the Wars (until now) had kept a ward in the Castle of the Brough three miles from Kilmallocke, despairing to hold the same against her Majesty's Forces; And knowing it was a convenient place for a Garrison, plucked down some part of the Castle, burned the rest, and by the light thereof, ran into the Woods: Redmond Burke Redmond Burke departed out of Connologhe. also with five hundred Bonoghs about this time, which was in the beginning of May, withdrew out of Connillogh, and kept himself for a little time about the borders of Ownhy, where being pressed with want of Victuals, he intended to leave the Province. The Sugan Earl, Pierce Lacie and some other hearing of this sudden departure, dispatched Messengers unto him, with earnest entreaties, and large promises, for increasing his Bonnoght, if he would return, but to no purpose. The cause of this his unexpected departure was a traffic between him and the Precedent, who did uphold him in certain faint hopes, about the obtaining of the barony of Lettrim, which he claimed as his inheritance: For this is most true, that not long before this time, one Richard Burke Uncle to the said Redmond, wrote unto the Precedent, that his Nephew would be very glad of his Lordship's favour, & that he would withdraw both himself and his Bownoghs out of Monster, so that he would not send any Forces to molest him in Connaght. Whereunto was answered, that it became nor a Governor, no not a private Subject to make any such agreement with a man in his condition: And farther that he might assure himself, that by strong hand he could never invest himself in the Barony of Lettrim, nor be in secure possession of his Father's Lands: But if he would reclaim himself and do service to her Majesty, the Precedent would use the best friends that he had, either in England or Ireland, that his cause might be respected with all favour according to the equity thereof. Not long after the receipt of this Letter, he left the County of Limericke, severed himself from the Monster Rebels, and settled in Ormond, and Tirrell stayed not long behind, inwardly doubting some practice upon himself, but publicly pretending the cause of his departure, for a mislike between him and Dermond O Conner. The Precedent had given forth, ever since his first coming to Cork, that his Army should be on foot in the way to Limerick, by the sixth of May; his intention not being to rise until the twentieth: the bruit thereof caused the Rebel's greatest strength to assemble together, who by the day assigned, had united their Forces in the great Wood called Kilmore, between Moyallo, and Kilmallock, near the place of Ballihawre, through the which the Army was to march. There they continued the space of ten days, attending continually, and harkening daily for the Precedents coming: but finding that he stirred not in all this time, (imagining that he durst not take the field at all) they dispersed their Companies, and departed every one into his own Country. Hereupon some thought, that the Precedent had altered his determination for going to Limerick, and intended to begin the prosecution in some other place: others supposed, that he would not venture out of Cork, until he had received new Supplies, which were daily expected out of England: But both the one and other were besides the mark; for by this stay, (which from the beginning he determined) he saw divers commodious opportunities might accrue unto him, as that hereby he should receive certain advertisement of the strength of the enemy that was to confront him, and also that it was impossible for them (any long time) to hold together, for divers wants which of necessity must accompany such an undisciplined and disordered multitude, by means whereof they would be constrained to break with their own weight; wherein he nothing failed of his expectation; for within a few days following, they were all divided into so many places, and those so far distant, that they could not speedily be reassembled. Upon the sixteenth of May, May. 16. the Precedent was advertised by Sir Richard Percy, Ten of the Bownoghs slain by Sir Richard Percy. who was Governor at 〈◊〉, that by his Horsemen in Kinalmekagh, whom he had sent to forage that Country, ten of the Bownoghs were slain, and a far greater slaughter had been made of them, if Florence Mac Cartie had not had some intelligence out of Kinsale of his intention, who gave the Bownoghs warning of their coming, whereupon they fled, and dispersed themselves. Upon the seventeenth of May, May. 17. james fits Thomas, the usurping Earl of Desmond, wrote a Letter to Florence Mac Cartie, praying the aid of his Forces, the Copy whereof is here inserted. A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. AFter my very hearty Commendations; Having received Intelgence of your happy escape out of Cork, it was very joyful to me, and many other your Cousins and adherents here; the fruit of your conference with the Precedent, and the rest, I hope shall purchase ripe experience, and harvest of further knowledge, to cut off the cruel yoke of bloody enemies, who daily study to work our perpetual destruction and exile: I am given to understand that they pretend a journey towards the County of Limerick, I am gathering the best force and rising out of these parts, to resist their wicked desires: Redmond Burke is bordering on the Confines of Ormond, expecting to hear from me, if occasion of important service should require, I have the other day received his Letters signifying his constant service to be ready whensoever I shall send to him, what news you have with your best advice in all causes tending to our general Service, I expect to hear, and if the Precedent do rise out (as it is thought) I pray you good Cousin slack not time, with your best Force & Provision of victuals to prosecute him freshly in the Rearward, as you respect me, the exaltation of the Catholic faith, and the ease of our country: I look no excuse at your hands, which I pray to lay apart, wherein you shall further the service, and bind me with all my Forces to second you at your need. I have retained Dermond Oconner in Kerry two hundred Soldiers this quarter, besides the Clanshihies and other Bonoghs with the rising out of my country, so as I think I shall make up sixteen or seventeen hundred strong, well appointed, together with the Force of Redmond Burke: Thus for lack of farther Novelties, I commit you to the blessed guiding of God. From Crome the seventeenth of May 1600. I am credibly informed that five Spanish ships are landed in the North with Treasure, Munition, and great Ordinance, with a competent number of three thousand Soldiers pioneers, and religious persons; I expect every day advertisement in writing, and the coming up of Captain Terrell with the Munition sent me by O'neill. I appointed your Cousin Maurice Oge Fits Maurice Gerald to have the charge of Kierrycorrie, I pray you afford him your lawful favour. Your most assured Cousin james Desmond. The same day Captain Gawen Harvy, who then had in her Majesties pay a man of War, wherein for the payment of the Army there was three thousand pound in money, Munition, Victuals, and Soldier's apparel, set sail with direction for the River of Shenan, to meet the Lord Precedent at Limericke. The Precedent the twenty one of May left Cork, 21. Maij. The Army set out from Cork towards Limricke. and with his Army encamped that night within three miles of Moyallo. The twenty two they lodged within five miles of Kilmallocke, the twenty three the Army came within a mile of Kilmallocke, where the white Knight according to his former promises made his humble submission unto the Precedent, 23. Maij. The submission of the White Knight. whereby the Faggot began to unloose which combined the Rebellion in Monster, but let us a little look backward. CHAP. VI Cahir Castle surprised by james Galdie Butler. A letter from james Galdie Butler to the Lord Precedent. The rendering of the Castle of Loghguyrre. nugent's attempt upon john fits Thomas▪ ●lanwilliam spoilt and burnt by the Army. THe Precedent being at Yoghall in his journey to Cork, Cahir Castle surprised by james Galdie Butler. sent Sir john Dow●all, (an ancient Captain in Ireland) to Cahir Castle, as well to see the same provided of a sufficient Ward out of Captain George blunt's Company, as to take order for the furnishing of them with victual, Munition, and other warlike Provision, there he left the eighth or ninth of May a Sergeant with nine and twenty Soldiers and all necessary Provision for two months, who notwithstanding, upon the three and twentieth of the same were surprised by james Galdie alias Butler, brother to the Lord of Cahir, and as it was suspected by many pregnant presumptions, not without the consent and working of the Lord himself, which in after times proved to be true. The careless security of the Warders, together with the treachery of an Irishman, who was placed sentinel upon the top of the Castle, were the causes of this Surprise. james Galdie had no more in his Company then sixty men, and coming to the Wall of the Bawne of the Castle undiscovered by the help of Ladders, and some Masons that broke holes in some part of the Wall where it was weak, got in and entered the Hall, before they were perceived, the Sergeant named Thomas quail, which had the charge of the Castle, made some little resistance, and was wounded: Three of the Ward were slain, the rest upon promise of their lives rendered their Arms, and were sent to clonmel. Of this Surprise the Lord Precedent had notice when he was at Kilmallocke, whereupon he sent direction for their imprisonment in clonmel, until he might have leisure to try the delinquents by a Marshals Court. Upon the fourth day following james Butler who took the Castle wrote a large Letter to the Precedent, to excuse himself of his traitorly Act, wherein there was not so many lines as lies, and written by the underhand working of the Lord of Cahir his Brother, they conceiving it to be the next way to have the Castle restored to the Baron: The copy of which Letter here ensueth. A Letter from james Galdie Butler to the Lord Precedent. RIght Honourable, hither came unto me yesterday my Lord my Brother, accompanied with Mr. Patrick White, and Nicholas White of Clonmell Gent. and M. Geonge Lea of Waterford, who treated with me (as they said) by your Honour's Commission, what might be the causes why I should attempt the surprising of the castle of Cahir, being kept as a garrison for her Majesty. And albeit my good Lo: I may not, nor will not justify what hath been done therein; yet will I signify the truth, (the which graciously being 〈…〉 mercy) I doubt not to excuse whatsoever hath been 〈◊〉. And therefore my Lord, first your Lordship shall vnde● 〈…〉 where heretofore by youthful instigation, and as I must 〈…〉 together without the privity of my Lord my Brother aforesaid, I kept the said Castle, until the same was besieged by her Majesty's Forces, and battery laid thereunto; the which I made choice rather to forsake, then stand to the defence thereof; which action my good Lord, was so much raised to my contempt, with the mouths of her Highness' enemies, (whom I then of force obeyed) as they imagined nothing else would raise credit, but the gaining thereof again. The next that moved me to enterprise the same, was, that public report was made in the name of the Archbishop of cassel, (who is well known to be a professed enemy of my House) to have the keeping of the said Castle. Thirdly, that it was also reported, that the Soldiers of late left in garrison therein, purposed for want to sell the same for a piece of money, unto john of Desmond, whom the Country knoweth not to be my friend, for the late kill of many of his men, for which service, my Lord of Dunboyne had only the thanks, being no more assistant thereunto then your Lordship: and last my good Lord, when I considered the apparent wrongs (as I thought) proffered unto both my Brethren, that your Honour and the State would countenance their known and vowed Enemies against them, and to make their griefs the more corrosive to bestow upon them, the chief and dwelling Castle, of the one of them being Cnocknamma to my Lo: of Dunboyne, which makes my poor brother to go in a manner a begging, and my Eldest Brother's Castle of Dorenlare upon Richard Power. These being the principal causes that moveth this my desperate attempt, I pray may be construed, as if your Lordship or any other Gentleman were in my case, and do also request, that your Honour, and all others, do suspend to condemn me, of my Disloyalty in mind, howsoever my youthful actions do deserve; And that by example the same may the better appear, consider that having won the Castle aforesaid, that unless it be such as by mischance were slain, I suffered not the blood of any other, nor any part of their apparel to be spilt, or taken, but send them conducted to the next incorporate Town; And for her Majesty's Ordinance, that here hath been left, I could wish your Lordship had them, only that I know, they must be removed by the force of many men, the which I dare not adventure to trust (as now I stand▪) But let your Honour be well assured, they shall be as safely kept as formerly they were, for her Majesty; Unless your Honour or the State do drive me to do that I shall be unwilling. Forasmuch therefore my good Lord, as not only these, but many else the causes of the rebellion of this Province, have hitherto and are well known, to be for want of considerate justice, and clemency of your Predecessors, Governors, showeth liberally the benefit of her Majesty's Proclamations, and gracious authority given you; And let the first example thereof be, to withdraw the Castles of Darenlare and Cnocknamma aforesaid, from the possession of such, as the world do know, of pretended malice, to have sought them, and to be bestowed, wheresoever your Lordship do think fit in justice they shall be given: And this much my very good Lord in excuse, and as the simple truth of the Premises, I am bold to signify; and now it resteth, I must complain against my Lord and Brother, who as I suppose aught to maintain both me and the rest, whose wrongs hitherto proffered, I will not forgive, nor forget, having so sufficient a distress as now I have in possession, the which I purpose to keep, until our controversy be decided by friends, or your Lordship, or the State do determine between us; Holding the same with most assured safety to her Majesty's use, and no hurt unto my country, and to your Honour's good liking, and not otherwise: all the premises concluded and considered, it resteth now only how I shall be maintained, which my good Lord is to be supplied, by that gracious entertainment, that her Majesty hath, and doth bestow, upon less faithful, more unable to do her service, and not so willing as myself; The which in company with the rest, I leave to your favourable consideration: Yet all these shall not satisfy me, but that it may please your Lordship, to forgive and forget, if in ignorance I have either spoken or written any thing that might give you cause to be offended. And so with my humble Duty, I take leave, Caher the twenty seventh of May, 1600. Your Lordships very assured to command, james Butler. The four and twentieth, 24. Maij. the Army encamped at the Brough, where the Precedent left a Ward, partly to offend the Rebels of Loghguire, three miles distant from thence; and partly to open the way betwixt Kilmallocke and Limerick, which for two years' space had been impassable for any subject. The five and twentieth, 25 Maij. the army passing near Loghguire, which was as yet held by the Rebels, the Precedent attended with a Troop of Horse, road to take a particular view of the strength and situation thereof, as also by what way he might most conveniently bring the Cannon to annoy the same. He found it to be a place of exceeding strength, by reason that it was an Island, encompassed with a deep Lough, the breadth thereof being in the narrowest place, a Calievers shot over, upon one side thereof standeth a very strong Castle, which at this time was manned with a good Garrison, for there was within the Island john fits Thomas, with two hundred men at the least, which showed themselves prepared to defend the place. The Precedent being approached within shot, to discover the ground, they discharged some twenty Muskets at him and his company, but without any hurt done: and having effected as much as he intended at that time, they casting forth some reviling speeches, he left the place. That night the Precedent came to Limerick, the Army encamped within little more than a mile thereof. The three days next following, we bestowed in providing things necessary for the mounting and drawing of the Cannon, the City being altogether destitute of necessaries thereunto, which at last with many difficulties was effected: Wherein the Precedent showed himself to be a Master in that faculty; for Cannonier or other Artificer (skilful in the mountures of Ordnance) he had none, the Smiths and Carpenters were only directed by him, according to the proportion he gave, they wrought, and in the end a demie-Cannon was mounted, and drawn towards the gate of the City, that leadeth to the Island of Loghguire before named. The Rebels within the Castle receiving intelligence thereof, one Owen Groom, a stranger of the North, (to whose charge john fits Thomas had committed the custody of the Castle) sent word, That for his pardon, and a competent sum of money, he would deliver it up unto her Majesty's use. The Precedent considering, that many impediments would arise, if he should attempt the taking of it by force, and that it must needs be chargeable to the Queen, cost the lives of many his men, and a great delay for the prosecution of other services, which he intended, accorded to his demands, Therendring of the Castle of Loghguire and received the Castle, the money (which was threescore pounds) being paid by the Precedents order, by one Rowlye, who lost the fame to the Rebels: Whilst these things were in handling, Nugent (whose Promises to the Precedent before we recited) intending no longer to defer the Enterprise, attempted the execution in this sort. The Precedent being past Loghguire, john Fits Thomas riding forth of the Island towards the fastness of Arloghe, where most of his men remained, with one other called john Coppinger, whom he had acquainted with the Enterprise, nugent's attempt upon john fits Thomas. and as he thought made sure unto him, attended this great Captain, and being now passed a certain distance from all Company, permitted john Fits Thomas to ride a little before him, minding (his back being turned) to shoot him through with his Pistol; Which for the purpose was well charged with two bullets; the opportunity offered, the Pistol bend, both heart and hand, ready to do the deed, when Coppinger at the instant snatched the Pistol from him, crying, Treason: wherewith john fits Thomas turning himself about, perceived his intent. Nugent thinking to escape by the goodness of his Horse, spurred hard; the horse stumbled, and he taken, and the next day after examination, and confession of his intent, hanged. This plot, a though it attained not fully the desired success, yet it proved to be of great consequence: For now was john fits Thomas possessed with such a jealous suspicion of every one, that he durst not remain long at Loghguire, for fear of some other like attempt that might be wrought against him; and therefore leaving the Castle in the custody of the said Owen Groom, (who as before, kept it a very short time after) departed suddenly unto his Brothers Campe. Nugent in his Examination freely confessed his whole intent, which was (as he then said) to have dispatched john fits Thomas, and immediately to have posted unto the Sugan Earl, to carry the first news thereof, intending to call him aside, in secret manner to relate the particulars of his Brother's murder, and then to execute as much upon him also; Adding moreover, that although they take away his life, (which he would not entreat them to spare) yet was their own safety never the more assured: for there were many others, which himself perfectly known, to have solemnly sworn unto the Precedent to effect as much as he intended. This confession being sealed with his death, did strike such a fearful terror into the two Brethren, that james Fits Thomas himself afterwards, unto the Precedent acknowledged, they never durst lodge together in one place, or ever serve in the Heads of their Troops, for fear to be shot by some of their own men. Loghguire being now possessed for the Queen, Clanwilliam spoiled and burnt by the Army. and the Army well refreshed, the Precedent marched into Clan-William a country of the Burks; Whereupon one of the principal Freeholders then in rebellion called john Burke, half Brother to Pierce Lacie, desired to come unto the Precedent, but no ear would be given to his request, until he had first testified his humble submission, whereof he made scruple, alleging that his conscience would not suffer him so to do, having before been taught by his Instructers that it was sinful and damnable, personally to submit himself unto her Majesty; His answer was much disdained, and he plainly told, that he should never hope to be accepted for a Subject, and receive the benefit thereof, except he would absolutely disclaim that rebellious opinion; which he absolutely refusing, was sent away with this Proviso: That although himself did fly into the Woods; yet his Castles, Towns, and Corn, which he could not carry with him, should be the next morrow destroyed, which was not vainly meant, but truly performed, for by the Noon of the next day, being the twenty nineth of May, 29. Maij. the Army came upon his Lands, many of his Houses, some of his Corn, and one of his Castles fired. When a second Messenger, came to entreat that he might be admitted to make his submission, whether it were that some Popish Priest, had granted him a Dispensation, or that he would undertake himself to dispense with his conscience, rather than see himself ruined, is to me uncertain; But sure I am, that this alteration was now wrought in him. Very unwilling was the Precedent to accept him to mercy, which the day before he so unadvisedly refused; Yet being much importuned by his Mother and others, who with weeping eyes entreated for him, and the rather that he had married one of Sir George Thorntons' Daughters, was inclined to admit him to his presence. CHAP. VII. The submission of john Burke. The Castle of 〈◊〉. Omulrians' 〈◊〉 burnt and spoilt by the Army. A Letter from james Fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. O Sulevan More detained Prisoner by the practice of Flo Mac Cartie. The plot contri●●d by the Lord Precedent, for the apprehension of james Fits Thomas. The Lo. Presidents Letter to james fits Thomas. Fine hundred men sent to lie in Garrison at Asketon. Supplies of Money, Munition, 〈◊〉, etc. The apprehension of james Fits Thomas by Der●●ond O Connor. THE Precedent now on Horseback, The submission of john Burke. in the midst of his Army, took occasion of speech with some of his Commanders; when john Burke bringing his Brother Theobald Burke with him, a●ighted from their Horses, and kneeling upon the ground, desired that their submission might be accepted: The Precedent seeing, would not see them, and harkening to the other, would not attend them, until (they creeping upon their knees by the Horse side) it was told unto him that two of the Burks were there; he staying his Horse, spent some time in reproving them for their rebellious obstinacy, and then (upon four sufficient Sureties for their future Loyalty) granted them protection. The next day the Army marched to a Castle called Ballitrarsny, The castle of Ballitrarsnie taken. belonging to Mouroughe Kewghe one of the Brian's, which stood near a great Fastness, being very commodious, both to open the passage from Limerick, to Gashell, and to hinder the Rebels for coming out of Kilquige into Conniloghe: The Rebels of the Ward, as soon as they saw the Army draw towards them, quitted the castle; which was not to be won but by the Cannon; and therein was found great plenty of Grain; whereof some was largely bestowed amongst the Troops of Horse; some sent to Limerick by the Soldiers, and yet enough left to suffice the ward for one whole year. The day following, O Mulrians Countries burnt and spoiled by the Army. five hundred Foot were sent into Ownhy, inhabited by the O Mulryans, a strong and fast Country; all the Inhabitants thereof being notorious Traitors: This being burnt and spoiled by them, and divers▪ Traitors put to the sword, whereby the disorders in those parts were well corrected; the Army without any loss at all, returned again to Limerick, and within short time after, viz. at Likadowne, bordering upon Connilogh, Kilmallock, Limerick, and Askeiton, were bestowed in several Garrisons, which are not so far distant, but that upon every occasion, they might be united again. At this time Florence Mac Cartie received a Letter written unto him from james Fits Thomas, the Copy whereof here ensueth. A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie▪ Cousin, your Letters of the fifth of this present, I received the eighth of the same, wherein you write of your sickness, and the impediments that caused your Soldiers to be slow in prosecuting our general Action. In your former Letters you write and vow, that there hath been neither peace, truce, nor cessation confirmed between you and the Precedent. I am informed by my particular friends, and also by a Letter (intercepted) from the Precedent to you, that some mitigation of time is limited betwixt you and them, whereupon they depend, your assistance to be restrained from us. If this be thus, it is far contrary to that I hoped, and much beyond the confidence reposed by Oneale and myself in your vowed fidelity and service to God and our Action. I perceive Donell Mac Cartie is raising head in disquieting your Country, the redress whereof consisted in your constant assistance to be bestowed; the Precedent being not able to perform any service by Land, hath apppointed to come by Sea to Askeiton, and some force out of Thomond towards the Glinne; all which by the divine providence of God shall be prevented. The causes of urgent affairs are very many, which required your presence and helping assistance, that without your sound advice, can hardly be accomplished. And therefore in regard of your fidelity, let me entreat you, (if your sickness be not apparently known to be so extreme) to lay all excuses apart, and to draw towards this Country, with so few or so many as you may possibly afford; else you give us cause to think of some inward meaning in you, contrary to our general action. At your entreaty, and Letters, I have discharged Dermond Mac Tirlogh, his Son I will keep till that you and I do confer further of that cause. For Manus Mac Shihyes dealings, I will see redress if my abuse be offered. I understand you have apprehended Owen Mac Shihy, I desire you to see him released, and restitution made of what he had taken from him; and if you can charge him for any offence to you, I will upon these my Letters see him to be forth coming, to answer his Contempt, I pray you delay not his release, for I have present occasion to employ him in service. And thus expecting your present repair or speedy answer, I commit you to God. june ut Supra. Your very loving Cousin, james Desmond. Whilst the Precedent was at Limerick, O Sulevan More detained prisoner by the practice of Flor: Mac Cartie. he had certain notice brought him, that Florence Mac Cartie had a meeting in Connilogh, with james fits Thomas, and Dermond O Conner, and there in a parley, because Osulevan More did refuse to contribute towards the bearing of his Bownoghs in Desmond, he contrived with Dermond O Conner, that he should lay hands upon him, but it must be done as it were by force, that it might appear to the world, that it was against his will: for O Sulevan was his Brother in law, having married his Sister. Thus was O Sulevan betrayed by his dear Brother, and detained prisoner by Dermond: And also there was at that time, by Florence his directions, the two Brothers of O Sulevan More, the two Odonoghs, Mac Finires son, and others to the number of eighteen, delivered as pledges into the hands of Dermond, for Bonnoght due unto him, which Florence should have paid; all which prisoners were sent by him unto Castlelishin. Before the Precedent departed from Limerick, the Earl of Thomond, invited him to his Castle of Bonrattie; the same night that he was there, in the Evening, Captain Gawen Harvie, (who from Cork was embarked the very day that the Precedent marched from thence with his Army as aforesaid) came into the River of Shenan, to an anchor, at the mouth of the Creek, where the Castle is seated: He brought with him, to the comfort of the whole Army, Money, Munition, victual, and Apparel for the Soldiers, which if it had not come in due time, it might have proved a hazard for the overthrow of that Summer Service. The next morning Captain Harvie was directed to go to the Key at Limricke, where after his charge was landed, the Precedent willed him to fall down with his Ship, and to ride before the Castle of the Glinne, there to remain at an anchor, until be with the Army should present himself before it, and sent with him a Demie Cannon, for the guard whereof, certain Soldiers were appointed under his charge. Much did it amuse the minds both of the Council of the Province, The plot contrived by the Lo. Precedent for the apprehension of ja. fits Thomas. and of all the Commanders in the Army, to see the Forces suddenly dispersed, at such a time, as for divers reasons they thought very unseasonable: The Army for the numbers was strong, having received no disaster since their coming into the field, the time of the year, (being now about the beginning of june) june. was most convenient to lie in Camp; whereas if the Service should be deferred until Winter, the Companies would be weakened both by death and sickness, and more difficulties should they find in the foulness of the weather, and deepness of the way, then in the sword of the Enemy, whom now they did ardently desire to encounter withal: yea, many there were, that ceased not confidently to utter, that they did now plainly perceive, that though her Majesty's charges was greatly enhanced by increasing the List in Monster, yet her Service was likely to be no better followed then in the year last passed. But that the true ground of this action may be discovered, we must have recourse to the prosecution of the stratagem, that all this while had been in working with Dermond O Conner; for after his Wife the Lady Margaret had acquainted him, both with the Enterprise and Conditions (which was not until the Army was at Kilmallock aforesaid) he showed a good inclination to effect it, were it not for three difficulties that seemed to interpose themselves: First, the Precedent being altogether unknowen to him, he demanded sufficient Pledges to be put into his hands, there to remain until the conditions promised should be performed. Secondly, he wanted some show of reason or colourable cause, to satisfy his Copartners in excuse of his action: And lastly he alleged that no opportunity could be found for the execution of the Design, so long as james Fits Thomas remained with all the force he could possible make six miles from the Camp, to confront the Precedents Army in his passage to Askeiton: For assurance of the conditions, the Precedent was content to deliver into his hands four Pledges, which yet notwithstanding must be in such sort delivered by the one, and received by the other, as no suspicion might arise: The Hostages agreed upon, were Redmond and Brian, Sons of Milerius Mac Craghe Archbishop of Cashell; who himself had before been a Principal Actor in the business, and Captain William Power, and john Power his elder Brother, who likewise had been employed in the Action. These were made choice of; because they might be free from the violence of Dermond O Conners men; The Powers being foster brethren to the Lady Margaret▪ and the Archbishop himself borne in Ulster, a natural Follower unto the Arch-Traitor Tyrone. Therefore that these four should make a journey from Kilmallocke towards Kinsale, where Captain Poor his Company were then in Garrison; and the time of their going being made known to Dermond O Conner, he should lie with some of his Forces, in the pace of Ballihowre to intercept Passengers, where these four should (as it were) by chance fall into his Ambush, and so they did, where Dermond O Conner, although for the reasons before mentioned, saved their lives, yet he could not restrain the fury of his men, that knew nothing of his purpose, but that they were stripped of their clothes, and left almost naked. These being in this manner taken the eleaventh day of june, 11. junij. they were presently carried to Castle Lyshin, seated in the great Wood called Kilmore, seven miles from Kilmallock (where the Lady Margaret his Wife then remained;) and there straightly kept in Irons, until the Ransom were discharged, which was given forth to be no less than two thousand pound sterling. as soon as they were taken, james Fits Thomas repaired to Castlelishin, and instantly requested Dermond, that he might have the two Powers executed; for unto them he was an ancient Enemy, which Dermond would not assent unto, as well in respect of the great ransoms, which he pretended to expect from them, as for giving of offence unto his Wife, unto whose Brother (then in the Tower of London) they were foster Brothers; then the which in Ireland, there is no greater Obligations of love. The first Impediment being thus removed, care was taken to devise some show of reason to excuse this action to the Bonoghs (if they should be discontented) after the execution thereof; which was disguised by a Letter as written by the Sugan Earl from the Precedent; which forasmuch as the Contents thereof do manifest the invention: I have thought not unfit to be inserted in this present relation. The Lord Presidents Letter to james Fits Thomas. SIr, your last Letters I have received, and am exceeding glad to see your constant resolution of return to subjection, and to leave the rebellious courses wherein you have long persevered; You may rest assured that promises shall be kept; and you shall no sooner bring Dermond O Conner to me, alive or dead, and banish his Bownoghs out of the Country, but that you shall have your demand satisfied, which I thank God, I am both able and willing to perform: Believe me, you have no better way to recover your desperate estate, then by this good service, which you have proffered; and therefore I cannot but commend your judgement, in choosing the same to redeem your former faults: And I do the rather believe the performance of it, by your late action touching Loghguire, wherein your Brother and yourself have well merited; and as I promised, you shall find me so just, as no Creature living shall ever know, that either of you did assent to the surrender of it; all your Letters I have received, as also the joint Letter, from your Brother and yourself; I pray lose no time; for delays in great Actions are subject to many dangers. Now that the Queen's Army is in the field, you may work your determination with most security, being ready to relieve you upon a day's warning: So praying God to assist you in this meritorious Enterprise, I do leave you to his protection this twenty nineth of May 1600. This Letter was sent to Dermond O Conner, which when time should serve, he might show as intercepted by him; and therefore what he did, was imposed upon him by necessity, except he would suffer himself, wittingly and willingly to be betrayed. These things thus contrived, there remained nothing but to separate the reputed Earl from his strength, that no resistance might be made by the Provincials, when he should be apprehended. This was not likely to be effected, unless the Precedent would divide his Forces, and bestow them in several Garrisons, as though they should leave the field for that Summer, whereupon was judged that the Rebels would likewise disperse themselves; and even so it came to pass: for they understanding that the English Army was now garrisoned, 500 men sent to lie in garrison at Askeiton. (nothing suspecting that he would adventure to send a Garrison to Askeiton, without the countenance of an Army) separated themselves into divers Companies. The Precedent had no sooner advertisement hereof, but he sent forthwith under the conduct of Sir Francis Barkley, five hundred Foot from Limricke by water, to go to Askeiton, which they might easily effect in a few hours, too short a time for them to assemble their Forces to impeach their landing: By these means were they settled in Garrison, without any other difficulty than a light Skirmish, the number of the Rebels to give them resistance, not exceeding two or three hundred at the most, which otherwise could not have been effected without much blood. I must here crave a little leave to look back to time past, as well to relate by what means the Army in Monster was from time to time enabled to subsist in this prosecution, as to show the acts and the progress in the same. No man is ignorant, that Armies of men's bodies cannot subsist, unless they be continually supplied with Money, Munition, and Victuals, and especially in such a Kingdom as Ireland is, which was exhausted of all means of those natures, by the continuance of the Rebellion, and particularly in Monster, before the Precedent came thither: so as unless he had been carefully supplied of them out of England, no service could have been performed, and herein I cannot but commend his care in demanding, as the Lords of the Counsels readiness to effect the same. At his departure from the Court of England, he humbly prayed, that against his coming into the Province, (for as you have heard he went by the way of Dublin) some proportions of Money, Munition, and Victuals might be sent thither, whereof their Lordships were not unmindful, as by their Letters dated the eight and twentieth of March last passed may appear, wherein they certified the Precedent, Supplies of money, munition victuals, etc. that they had sent for the Province of Monster, nine thousand pound in money, three months victuals for three thousand Foot, and two hundred and fifty Horse (which was the List of his Army) and as he desired, the one half of it was sent to Cork, and the other moiety to Limricke: Also five Lasts of Powder, with Lead, and Match proportionably, with two hundred sixty nine Quarters of Oats; All which arrived in May following, the Oats excepted, which came to Cork in April: Moreover, in the same month the Soldier's Summer Suits arrived at Cork: Further, as by their Lordships Letters to the Precedent, dated the seventeenth of june, they had sent for the supply of the Province, five Lasts more of Powder, with Match and Led; And that shortly afterward, there should be sent unto him ten thousand pound in Money, and two months victuals for the Army, the one moiety to land at Cork, the other at Limricke, as he had demanded; And for that they had here certified, that the Soldiers, (having had by her Majesty's favour their Powder given unto them without any defalkation upon their entertainments) made unnecessary use of the same, and sometimes sold it to the Irish Merchants, and others, they required the Precedent to let them know, and to take order accordingly, that they should not be allowed any expense of Powder, but in days of training or service only. But to return to Dermond O Conner, who now perceiving that it was a fit time for his Design, sent a Messenger to the Earl of Desmond, The apprehension of james Fits Thomas by Dermond O Conner. for so he called james Fits Thomas, desiring him to meet him at a place of parley upon the eighteenth of june, to confer about certain matters concerning the Wars. james Fits Thomas (as he since confessed to the Precedent) had received some secret intelligence of Dermond his intent; which although he did not absolutely credit, yet did it work some jealousy in him; and therefore brought with him to the Parley some two hundred of his Foot: Dermond O Conner brought one hundred and fifty Bownoghs: After some speech passed, among the chief, at last, a Controversy did arise between Moroghe Mac Shihy, Martial to james Fits Thomas, and the Marshal of Dermond, about such Hides, as were or should be killed in the Army; the one deriving his authority from Tyrone, the other from the Earl of Desmond; in contention they grew warm, and Dermond so blue the Coal, that the kern of the one, and the Bonoghs of the other, were ready to pass from words to blows; much did the Sugan Earl labour to quiet this Mutiny, which could not be throughly appeased, until the Companies on either part were severed and dispersed: james Fits Thomas willing to give all satisfaction to Dermond and the Bownoghs, made offer to dismiss his own men, which was willingly accepted of the other, and so sent them into the Country near adjoining: They being departed, and the Principals settled again to parley, about the deciding of this controversy; the Bownoghs by Dermonds' appointment drew near unto them: Then Dermond O Conner laid hold upon james Fits Thomas, and said, My Lord you are in hand; in hand (answered he) for whom, or for what cause? I have taken you for Oneale, saith he, and I purpose to detain you, until I be certified of his pleasure, for yourself have combined with the English, and promised to the Precedent to deliver me, either alive or dead into his hands; and for Proof thereof, behold (saith he) Letters which were intercepted, and brought to me (under the Precedents hand) to confirm the same, and therewithal produced them. This colourable Pretence, gave a good satisfaction to the Companies for the present; and yet for the better content, he gave Thomas Oge of Kerry, and two of the Clanshyhies Brethren, whom he took also at the same time, unto the chiefest of his Captains, to be reserved for their Ransoms. Now james Fits Thomas, and the other Prisoners being mounted upon poor Garrans, are conveied through the Fastness in Connilogh to Castle Lyshin, where they were no sooner bestowed, but Dermond O Conner went presently to another Castle called Balliallinan, belonging to Rory Mac Shihy, Father to the two brethren of the Mac Shihies before mentioned, which he also took, and therein settled himself, and sent with all speed to Castle Lishin for his Wife and the English Pledges, which were there in Handlocks; Leaving some sixteen Warders to guard the Prisoners; these he removed from thence, either because they might more conveniently, send some one of them, with the relation of his doings to the Lord Precedent, or for fear lest the Friends and Followers of the Arch-Traitor, Desmond, reuniting themselves, and his own Bonoghs, of whom he was very uncertain, taking part with them, they might join their Forces, and at one push, both rescue the Prisoners that he had taken, and also take himself Prisoner, and the four English Pledges: To the intent therefore, that he might not adventure all his substance in one Ship, he divided them as before you have heard. These businesses thus contrived, 19 junij. Dermond O Conner, upon the nineteenth of june, sent john Power (one of the Pledges before spoken of) in all haste to the Precedent at Limerick, with a Message tending to this purpose: That if the Lord Precedent, would instantly gather all the Forces he could make, and draw to Kilmallock, where the Lady Margaret should meet him, for the receiving of one thousand pound, which was promised him, upon the delivery of the Prisoner; praying withal, that the Precedent would not move out of Kilmallock, until she were come unto him; in the mean time he would keep him in safety, and accommodate all things for the more assurance in the effecting of the business. To Kilmallock he came the next Morrow, 20. junij. the twentieth of june, with one thousand Foot, and two Troops of Horse; for a good part of his Army was at that time gone into Thomond, to secure the same from Odonnell, who was come far up into the Country, and had taken many preys there. CHAP. VIII. The Country of Th●mond, harassed and spoilt by O donnel. Forces sent into Th●mond. james fits Thomas set at Liberty. Dermond O Conners Letter to the Lord Precedent. A Letter from the Monster Rebels to O donnel. Dermond O Conner, and the Rebels agreed, and reconciled. The Castle of Crome taken by the Army. A join Letter from William Burke, and Morrogheny Moe O Flagharly to the Lord Precedent. A Letter from Morrogheny Moe O Flagharly to the Lord Precedent. A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Carty. THIS sudden coming of Odonnell for Thomond, The Country of Thomond harassed and spoilt by O donnel. was so secretly carried, as the Earl of Thomond had no notice of it, until he was come to the Borders thereof; he then being at Limerick with the Precedent, prayed him to lend him part of his Army, to make Head against the Rebels: Whereupon his Lordship commanded the Sergeant Major, Captain Flower, and with eight hundred Foot, and sixty Horse to attend the Earl. Forces sent into Thomond. Odonnell entered the Country, and Harassed all Thomond, even as far as Loopthead, and took all the Preys of the Country. Nevertheless he went not away scot free; For the Noble Earl fought often with his Forces, slew many of them, and never left them, until he had recovered a great part of the Cattle, which Odonnell had taken; And upon Midsummer day, chased him out of Thomond. This sudden and unexpected coming of Odonnell with such great Forces, as attended him, could never have been undiscovered, if the next Neighbours to Thomond, the Inhabitants of Clanrickard had done their duties, through which Country Odonnell passed, and returned, without doing of any hurt that ever I heard of: james fits Thomas set at liberty. And so leaving with this Digression, it is time to speak of the Success of the usurping Earls apprehension. By this time it was suspected, and publicly noised abroad, that the Sugan Earl should be delivered to the Precedent; which Rumour began first to be bruited in Limerick, and Kilmallock; and (as it always happeneth in that Kingdom, from the Towns, the rumour is speedily conveied into the Country; which being no sooner heard, then believed by the Rebels, as well Provincials as others; they all combined themselves; john fits Thomas, Pierce Lacie, and William Burke, being the Triumvirs of this League, to set the Prisoner at Liberty: With this determination they had gathered together of Dermonds' Bonoghs and Provincials, some four thousand men, nee re Castle Leshin, in the great Fastness of Conniloe; for there was this Castle seated, with intent both to block up the way, that the Precedent should take in coming thither, and to constrain the Ward to deliver the Earl. The Precedent being at Kilmallock as aforesaid, hourly expecting the coming of the Lady Margaret, stayed there from the twentieth to the twenty sixth day, 26. junij. and in all that time he never heard from her, or her Husband: Upon the twenty sixth the Lady Margaret came to him, she related that Castlelishin was besieged by the Rebels; her cause of stay was, the danger of the way. Immediately the Precedent (notwithstanding, the rest of his Forces were not returned out of Thomond) purposed to raise the Siege; and the Army being drawn forth before they had marched an English mile upon the way, they met a Messenger, who delivered unto them for certain, that james fits Thomas was rescued that morning, and himself did see him out of the Castle. In Castlelishin, where james fits Thomas was prisoner, Dermond O Conner (with the Ward) had left a Priest, whose persuasions prevailed so much with O Conners men, as they delivered the reputed Earl as aforesaid, but upon Caution, as may appear by Dermond O Conners Letters to the Precedent, as followeth. Dermond O Conners Letter to the Lo. President. MY good Lord, it is so, that contrary to my directions, and without my privity, my Ward at Castlelishin was hardly set unto by the Enemy, after the breach of the Castle, were constrained to yield to the surrender of the Earl of Desmond upon Composition, viz. to receive as pledges from the said Earl, his son, and his Receiver, one Gerald fits Nicholas, and the chief of the Walls or Faltaghs' of Downmoylin, and john fits Thomas, Brother of the said Earl, to be delivered into the hands of Mac Cartie More▪ or some other indifferent man his hands, as the said Earl and I shall agree: hereof I thought good to certify your Honour, (assuring the same upon my credit, that this Composition was made without my privity, as your Honour shall understand manifestly hereafter) to the end your Honour might be advised not to send the Army, for fear of any mischance, in respect of the greatness of the Enemy's forces, and fastness of their strengths, the Earl being enlarged; all which I hope to bring to a worse case than they were in, and that in a short time, if I be well furthered by your Lordship: the manner whereof I am ready to declare to your Honour, as occasion shall serve: for speedy effecting whereof, I pray your Lordship to send me your best advice by Captain Power, the which expecting forthwith, I humbly take my leave: Balliallinan this 26. of june, 1600. Your Honours to command, Dermond O Conner. The reason which I conceive moved Dermond that he did not presently render him to the Precedent, was partly his fear, that his money would be detained from him, when the prisoner was once delivered, and therefore he would be first sure of the same; partly his over much confidence in his men whom he thought that they would not for a world have betrayed him as they did; but especially I conceive, that the danger of the way was the occasion of the protraction: for undoubtedly the man did mean to perform his promise sincerely; and if the Lady could have come sooner to Kilmallocke, the titulary Earl had been brought from Castlelishin without any difficulty. Upon the seven and twentieth Dermond O Conner wrote to the Precedent, praying to be excused, that he did not come unto him, for the ways were too dangerous for him to pass, until his Brother, who was in Desmond with four hundred men, did come unto him, or that the Enemy did scatter, or the Precedent with his Army should draw into those parts; and in the mean while he would remain in the Castle where he was; and besought the Precedent to send him a safeguard for himself, his followers, and goods, protesting his loyalty to her Majesty, and promising to be directed by the Precedent in whatsoever it should please him to command. Within a few days after the delivery of the Sugan Earl (as aforesaid) the Earl of Thomond having intercepted a Letter sent by the Rebels of Monster, to O donnel and his Associates, did send the same unto the Precedent; whereby it may appear, how much the taking of james fits Thomas did grieve them at the heart, which is the reason I do in this place insert the same. A Letter from the Monster Rebels to O donnel. ALL hearty Commendations from Mac Maurice, and the rest undernamed, to O donnel, and the rest of the Lords and Gentlemen that are with him, Letting you to understand, that Dermond O Conner hath played a lewd part amongst us here; He hath taken the Earl of Desmond, Thomas Oge, and the two sons of Rory Mac Shihy, together with their Towns and Castles▪ claiming in right of his wife the Earldom of Desmond. The Earl is as yet upon his hands, and the Country is all preyed and destroyed, and Rory Mac Shihy, who is old and blind, is banished out of his Town, leaving him bare without any thing, and his sons bound very safe and sure: which Act being considered by Con Oneale, and others the Gentlemen of Connaght, who were in the said Dermonds' company, to proceed of treachery and falsehood by the said Dermond; whereupon the said Con Oneale, and the rest of those Connaght men ea●●e unto us, bringing with them the said Rori● his sons, for which we rest very thankful to them, and therefore we desire you to show them thanks likewise▪ and that you should write unto the said Dermond, touching the enlargement of the Earl, and that he should take good pledges of the Earl, to be put upon the hands of the Clergy, or some indifferent temporal person's, and he to ●et 〈◊〉 the like, and your Order, and the Order of the Clergy to pu●●e between them, and we desire your present help▪ To that purpose Dermond is drawign the English sword to sword the Estate with them, we and the Gentlemen of Connaght here are 〈◊〉 the Castle where the Earl lieth: and seeing that the River of Shanen is passable, if it had been your pleasure to come to help us, we would be very glad thereof; and yet if we can rescue the Earl, and it to be your pleasure, we will draw towards you; hereupon send us present word. Castlelishine the 24. of june, 1600. Your trusty Friends, john Gerald. Thomas fits Maurice. Edmond Valley. M. fits Thomas. Patrick Lixnawe William fits Gerald. Dierby Mac Cartie. Pierce Lacie. Mac Shihy. The Precedent being out of hope, to get this Haggard into his hands by these Limetwigs, intending the prosecution, which was to take in the Castles of the Glynne and Carrigfoile; the one belonging to the Knight of the Valley, the other to john O Conner (commonly called O Conner Kerry) both being seated upon the River of Limerick, and so to pass the Mountain into Kerry. The Precedent having taken order for all such necessaries as should be requisite in his journey; 28. junij. on the twenty eighth marched 29. junij. to Limericke, the twenty nineth (upon a Letter which he received from Dermond O Conner) into the Hart of Conniloe, and encamped at a Town called Ballingery fourteen miles from Limerick, being by him requested (who was now besieged by the Enemy in the Castle of Balliallinan) to relieve him with her Majesty's Forces. The Precedent being advanced within three miles of the Castle, Dermond O Conner and the Rebels agreed, and reconciled. where Dermond O Conner was besieged, the Rebels understanding thereof, and fearing to be assailed by him, and loath that Dermond O Conner should fall into his hands, to be employed in service against them, whose credit with the Bownoghs was such, as that he could persuade them to what he listed; they resolved to treat with Dermond, and upon his oath of future faith, to take him again into their society, and to restore him to his former Command. Dermond (as it should seem, fearing that Relief would not come unto him in convenient time) accepted the offer, and rendered the Castle and himself into their hands: But yet I could never hear that Dermond afterwards was had in any great estimation amongst them: This business being thus composed, they presently dislodged, with intent to give impediment to the Army, in their passage towards the Glynne; His Lordship being advertised of the reconcilement, The Castle of Crome taken by the Army. directed his March to the Glynne; and understanding that the Castle of Crome, the Earl of Kildares' inheritance, which was not much out of his way, and held by a Ward left therein by Pierce Lacie, which gave great Annoyance to the Subjects thereabouts, and comfort to the Rebels, being seated at the entrance into Conniloe, took it in his way; upon the sight of the Army, the Warders quitted the Castle, and the Precedent possessed himself thereof, together with some store of Corn, and other Provision, that was found therein. The last of june, 30. junij. the Army marched through Kerry, a safe Country, unto Askeiton, where it remained four days, in expectation of Victuals, that should come thither from Limerick by Water: The fourth of july, 4. july. the Army rose from thence, and marched to Ballintare, upon the Mountain of Sleughlogher, twelve miles from Askeiton; the Enemy to the number of three thousand, marching all that day in our view. Now did the Precedent assure himself, that this Army of the Rebels did only attend the opportunity for some place of advantage, where they might conveniently attempt our Forces; and no doubt so they would have done, if the fore conceived jealousy, and distrust between the Provincials and Bonoghs, confirmed in them by the bones of Dissension (that the Precedent had cast forth amongst them) had not wrought in either of them, a desire of nothing more, then to be freed from the danger (reciprocally apprehended) each of the other, as might well appear, by two Letters, (which this night were brought to the Precedent) from the Principal of the Connaght men; the true Copies whereof, I have thought not unfit to be in●erted in this present Relation. A joint Letter from William Burke, and Moroghe ny Moe O Flaghertie to the Lord Precedent. COmmendations to your Honour: For as much as we think your Honour willing, to further and augment your credit, in doing your Princess service; we thought to make you acquainted, that we are here in Camp two thousand and five hundred Connaght men: Yet we let your Honour to understand, that we will not set upon you in any way, nor molest you in your journey, so that your Honour consider us with a piece of money, and give us your Pass and safe Conduct, to depart this Country; not that we fear you or any other, but that we mean to do you no harm, so your Honour show us the like favour; You may well accept of this our proffer: for it is a thing that others of your Calling sought for, and could not obtain, although very desirous for the obtaining of it. Thus troubling your Honour no further, only expecting your speedy resolution, we commit you to God▪ From the Abbey of Feil● the third of july 1600. Your Friends to use during your Friendship, William Burke. Moroghe ni Moe O Flarty. A Letter from Morogh ni Moe O Flaghertie to the Lord Precedent. MY duty remembered, I commend me unto your Lordship: Whereas about May last, I came hither in my Galley out of Connaght, to draw home my people, soldiers and followers into my native soil, there to live quiet, and under her Majesty's subjection, whereupon I have had her Highness' protection and Passport for myself and them, and all other out of Connaght, that shall accompany me; Whereby ever since myself and soldiers have been so crossed, and troubled by this Country people, as they did not suffer me to depart from the Earl of Desmond; I have thought good therefore, in respect it is a thing belonging to the advancement of her Majesty's service, to bring the number of one thousand persons, soldiers and tenants to peace, to pray and desire your Lordship to grant me, and all such as I shall bring with me, your Passport and Safeconduct through all your Garrisons, and her Majesty's Subjects, as well in this Country, as in Thom●nd. And in so doing we shall pray, etc. And so I humbly take leave. Clanmorishkerry this third of july 1600. Her Majesty's true Subject, if your Lordship please. Moroghe ni Moe O Flartie. Unto these Letters the Precedent deferred to return any present Answer, as well because they should know, that they who had attempted, and performed so many outrages, and rebellious practices against her Majesty and her Subjects, should not so presently and so easily receive favour from the State; as also they might have imagined, (if he had instantly condescended unto the●e their demands) that he stood in fear of them, which might have made them more bold in attempting some enterprise upon his Army. And lastly, he conceived a hope, that to effect their longing desire of returning into Connaght, they would at the last be glad to do service one upon another; remising therefore only this Answer, that he despised their Forces, and he knew they durst not interrupt his passage: Nevertheless at further leisure, he would consider of their demands: At this time james fits Thomas wrote a Letter to Florence Mac Cartie, which in this place I think good to insert. A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. MY very good Lord, I was driven through the treacherous dealings of Dermond O Conner, to let the Precedent and the English Army pass into Glenne, without any resistance; and yet they are but thirteen hundred Foot, and one hundred fifty Horse: Dermond O Conner did undertake that the Connaght men should not meddle with them, nor take our parts▪ being the only encouragement of the English, to venture this Enterprise: But now God be praised, I am joining my Forces with them, and do pray you to assist me with your Forces, for now is the time to show ourselves upon the Enemy, for they are but very few in number, and destitute of all relief, either by Sea or Land: If your Lordship be not well at ease yourself, let your Brother Dermond, and the Chief Gentlemen of your Forces, come without any delay; assuring your Lordship, that I will, and am ready, to show you the like against your need: Beseeching your Lordship once again, not to fail, as you tender the overthrow of our Action: Even so committing your Lordship to the tuition of God Almighty▪ I end. Portrinad the fifth of july, 1600. Your Honour's most assured Friend and Cousin, james Desmond. CHAP. IX. The Army sat down before Glyn-Castle. The Knight of the Valley upon safe Conduct, spoke with the Earl of Thomond. The Constable of Glyn-Castle, his Advise to the Earl of Thomond for his safety. A Breach made and assaulted. A Sally made by the Rebels. The Constable etc. slain, The Castle of the Glyn won, and the Rebels put to the Sword. The seventh, 7. julij. the Knight of the Valley, by a Messenger from him to the Earl of Thomond, The Knight of the Valley uphoff conduct spoke with the Earl of Thomond. prayed a safe conduct to the Camp, which was granted: He told the Earl, that he desired to confer with the Precedent, which he refused, without absolute submission to her Majesty's mercy, whereunto he would not yield, but stood upon conditions, whereupon he was commanded to depart: He saw the Cannon already planted, and his Son then a child in the Precedents hands, ready at his will to be executed, being by himself formerly put in pledge for his Loyalty; then he desired to speak with the Earl of Thomond again, which was granted: But the Earl found his obstinacy to be such, as he disdained to have any long conference with him: And so being safely conveied out of the Camp, he returned to his fellow Traitors, who were on the top of an Hill, not far of, where they might see the success of the Castle. When he was gone, the same day towards the Evening, the Constable of the Castle (who was a Thomond man borne) sent a Messenger to the Earl of Thomond, The Constable of Glyn Castle, hi● advice to the Earl of Thomond for hi● safety. praying his Lordship to get a safe conduct from the Precedent, that he might come to speak with him, which being granted, in his discourse to the Earl; my Lord (said he) in the love I bear you, being your natural Follower, I desired to speak with you, to the end that you may avoid the peril that you are in; for the Earl of Desmond, and the Connaght men, lodge not two miles from this place, they are three thousand strong at least, and the Lord Precedent may be assured, that they will give upon his camp, for so they are resolved; and in all likelihood, you will be there put to the Sword, or driven into the River of Shenan. The Earl deriding these threats, advised him to render up the Castle to the Precedent, whereby his life and his fellows might be secured, which he with vain glorious obstinacy refused, and returned to the Castle; for a Farewell, the Precedent sent him word, that since he had refused the Earl of Thomonds' favourable offer, that he was in hope before two days were spent, to have his Head set upon a Stake, which proved true (as you shall hear) before the Castle was taken. The next day, 8. julij. when we looked that the cannon should begin to play, the Cannonniere found the Piece to be cloyed, all the art and skill which either the Smith, or himself could or did use, prevailed nothing. The Precedent (who is a man that knows well to manage great Artillery) commanded that the piece upon her carriage (as she was) should be abased at the tail, and elevated at the mussel, as high as it might be: then he willed the Gunner to give her a full charge of powder, roll a shot after it, and to give fire at the mouth, whereby the touchhole was presently cleared, to the great rejoicing of the Army, which of necessity in attempting the Castle, (without the favour of the Cannon) must have endured great loss. This particular I thought good not to omit, because it may be an Instruction to others, whensoever the like accident should happen. The Piece being thus cleared, the Precedent having the Knight of the Valleys eldest son, (a child of six years old) in his hands, to terrify the Warders, he caused the child to be set upon the top of one of the Gabions, sending them word, That they should have a fair mark to bestow their small shot upon: The Constable returned answer, That the fear of his life should not make them to forbear to direct their Volleys of shot to the battery: for said he (in undecent terms not fit for me to write) the place is open where he was borne, and the Knight may have more sons. The Precedent not intending (as he seemed) caused the Infant to be taken down from the Gabion, knowing that the discharging of the Cannon would have shaken the poor child's bones in sunder, and then presently he commanded the battery to begin, and the small shot did so incessantly burn powder, as the Warders durst not stand to their fight, A Breach made. until a breach was made assaultable into the Seller under the great Hall of the castle: all this was done with the loss of one only man, a Cannoniere. Then was Captain Flower commanded by the Precedent, with certain Companies assigned unto him, to enter the breach, The breach assaulted. which he valiantly performed, and gained the Hall, and enforced the Ward to return into a Castle close adjoining unto it, where from out of a Spike, they slew four of our men, than he ascended a pair of stairs, to gain two turrets over the Hall, in which attempt Captain Bostocks Ensigne was slain; by the winning whereof, they were in better security than before, and there were our Colours placed; and because it was by this time within night, Captain Slings by, (who was there with the Precedents Company) was commanded to make it good till the morning; during which time, some while on either side, small shot played, but little or no harm done: about midnight the Constable seeing no possibility to resist long, and no hope of mercy left, thought by the favour of the night in a sally A sally made by the rebels. to escape; but the Guards were so vigilant, as they slew him, and some others; nevertheless two escaped, the rest which were unslain, The Constable etc. slain returned into the Castle, and the Constable's head was (as the Precedent formerly had told him) put on a stake: 9 julij. Early in the morning, the Ward was gotten into the Tower of the Castle, whereunto there was no coming unto them, but up a narrow stair, which was so straight, as no more than one at once might ascend; and at the stair foot, a strong wooden door, which being burnt, the smoke in the stairs was such, as for two hours there was no ascending without hazard of stifling; when the extremity of the smoke was past, one of the Rebels presented himself, and said in the behalf of himself and his fellows, That if their lives might be saved, they would render; but before any answer was made, he voluntarily put himself into our hands: The smoke being vanished, a Muskettier, and to his second a Halbardier; Then Captain Flower, and Captain Slingsbie; Lieutenant Power, Lieutenant to Sir Henry Power; Ensign Power, Sir Henry Powers Ensign; Lieutenant Nevil, Lieutenant to Sir Garratt Harvie, which was after killed in Connaght, seconded by others, ascended the stairs in file, where they found no resistance, nor yet in the upper rooms, for the Rebels were all gone to the Battlements of the Castle, with resolution to sell their lives as dear as they could. Our men pursued the way to the Battlements, whereunto there was but one Door▪ Captain Flower entered upon one hand, The Castle won, and the rebels put to the sword. and Captain Slingsb●e upon the other; the gutters were very narrow between the Roof of the Castle and the Battlements: In conclusion, some were slain in the place, and others leapt from the top of the Castle into the water underneath it, where our Guards killed them. In this Service eleven Soldiers were slain, whereof one was an Ensign, and one and twenty hurt, of which number the Sergeant Major, (who served admirably well) was one; he received three or four wounds, but none of them mortal; there was also the Lieutenants of the Earl of Thomond, and Sir Henry Powers hurt; of the enemy (of all sorts) were slain 80, or thereabouts, whereof 23 were natural borne followers to the Knight of the Valley, in whom he reposed greatest confidence. The reasons which moved the Knight thus obstinately to persist, was partly the strength of the Castle, which he (ignorantly) thought defensible against the Cannon, and also 〈◊〉 manifold oaths and protestations made unto him by his fellow Rebels, that with their whole Forces they would give relief, and raise the Siege▪ but how much he failed in expectation of the one, and they in the protestation of the other, ye have already heard; whereof if the protesters had had any feeling (of their promised faith) the provocation they had was great; for they were eye-witnesses, when the Castle was assaulted and won. This Castle is a place of great importance, and ever since the beginning of the rebellion, one Anthony Arthur (a Merchant of Limricke) lay in it, as a general Factor for the city, to vent commodities to the Rebels. CHAP. X. A Ward put into the Castle of Glynne, by the Lord Precedent. AWard put into the castle of Glin by the L. President. Carrigfoyle rendered by O Conner Kerry. Victuals and Munition sent out of England into Monster. Maurice Stacke sent into Kerry. The B●noghs obtained the Lord Presidents Passport to depart the Province. Sixty of the Bonnoghs slain by the Lord Burke. The Lord Presidents return to Limericke. The Castle of Corgrage rendered. A garrison left in A●keiton. The Castle of Rathmore rendered. A garrison placed at Kilmallock. The Rebels enforced to rise from the siege of Lyskaghan. Florence Mac Carrie's persuasions to the Ward, to quit Lyskaghan. Florence attempts again to corrupt the Constable of Lyskaghan. A Letter from james fits Thomas, to Florence Mac Cartie. THE Precedent was constrained to stay here five days after the taking of the Castle, to place a Guard therein, which was left to the charge of Captain Nicholas Mordant, with one and twenty Soldiers, and to repair the breach and ruins made by the Cannon, which being finished, he intended to draw the Cannon to Carrigfoyle, five miles distant from the Glinne; which Castle was held then against her Majesty, as it was in anno 1580, and won by Sir William Pelham, the Lord justice, under whom (at that time) the Precedent was a Captain of Foot: But O Conner Kerry Carrigfoile rendered by Oconner Kerry. being advertised hereof, desired a protection, and for assurance of his future loyalty, offered to surrender his said Castle, to be kept unto her Majesty's use: His proffer the Lord Precedent accepted, and a Ward of Sir Charles Wilmot his Company was placed therein. The Earl of Thomond, in his good affection to the service, gave unto john O Conner, during the Wars, a Castle and thirteen Blow Lands, for his Tenants and himself, to live upon in Thomond, which was a better Pledge upon him, than any he could give: Nevertheless, after the Spaniards landing in Ireland, this perfidious Traitor, relapsed as hereafter you shall hear. Whilst these things were in doing, the Precedent to the end the Rebels might be set on work, in many places at once, employed one Maurice Stack, Maurice Stacke sent into Kerry. a servant of his own into Kerry (a Native of that Country) a man of small stature, but of invincible courage, with fifty men; who confidently undertaking no more than he valiantly performed, surprised by scale, a Castle in the Heart of the Country, called Liscaghan, appertaining to Master Edward Gray, an Undertaker, put the Ward to the Sword, burnt Ardart and other Towns; took some Preys for the maintenance of himself and his Company, and made good the place, until he was seconded, by the coming of Sir Charles Wilmott, as after you shall hear. From the beginning of the War, until this undertaking of Maurice Stacke, none of her Majesty's Forces had been seen in Kerry; the Country was strong in men, and full of victuals, yet this undaunted Spirit of Stacke, would with a handful of men attempt the Enterprise: Still did the Bownoghs (seeing their hopes in Monster to be frustrated) importune the Precedent, by Letters and Messages for his Passport, The Bonoghs obtained the Lord Presidents Passport to depart the Province. to safe conduct them into Connaght, promising there to live under her Majesty's Laws, as should become Loyal and Dutiful Subjects; which at last upon mature deliberation, was granted unto them. The Lord Burke Sixty of the Bonoghs slain by the Lo. Burke. being either ignorant of what was done, or would not take knowledge of it; in revenge of his two Elder Brothers deaths, who were slain by them, with the help of Limerick men, set upon their Rear in Clanwilliam, as they were passing the Shenan, and slew sixty of them, besides divers that were drowned; and took some part of their Prey: In this skirmish, an Alderman of Limericke called Dominicke Roche, and a Protestant, was dangerously wounded with a Musket Bullet; among these Bownoghs, Dermond O Conner passed into Connaght: Whilst these things were thus in handling, the Precedent still remained at Carrigofoile, expecting daily and hourly a Ship of Victuals, which had been coming from Cork thither, since the beginning of june; upon arrival whereof, he purposed with the greatest part of his Forces to have passed further into Kerry, and to have settled that part of the Province. But the Victuals by reason of contrary Winds, not being as yet come into the River of Shenan; the thirteenth of this Month, he was constrained for want thereof, to return to Limericke again. The Lord Presidents return to Limerick. In which return, we having marched through exceeding strong Fastness, encamped the first night before the Castle of Corgrage The Castle of Corgrage rendered. seated upon the Shenan, belonging to Master Trenchard the Undertaker, and of strength sufficient to hold out against any Force, except the Cannon. But the example of the Glynne, was so fearful unto the Rebels, that upon the first summons, they yielded the same, with safety of their lives. And the Precedent gave the Custody of it unto Oliver Stephenson. The next day, the Army marched twelve miles unto Adare, a Manor House, belonging to the Earls of Kilda●e, wholly ruined by Pierce Lacie; from thence the Precedent sent seven hundred Foot, and seventy five Horse to Askeiton, there to remain in Garrison. A Garrison left in Askeiton. The fifteenth, 15. julij. advertisement being given, that the Castle of Rathmore The Castle of Kathmore rendered. (three miles out of the way to Limerick) was still held by the Rebels; we came before it, which the Ward instantly delivered unto the Precedent, from whence he sent four hundred and fifty Foot, and fifty Horse unto Kilmallock; A Garrison placed at Kilmallock. for it was well found, that the greatest hope of the Arch-traitor Desmond, did consist in Conniloe, which by reason of the fertility of the Soil, the strength of the Country, and the Inhabitants being all his Natural born Followers, did yield him more Command and Relief, than any part of the Province besides: These two Garrisons therefore were placed at Askeiton, and Kilmallock, that did so infest the Rebels, that resided in those parts, as before the next Winter was ended, they were utterly wasted. The sixteenth, 16. julij. the Precedent with the rest of the Army, came to Limerick, which was no sooner dispersed and disposed in the manner aforesaid, but the Enemy drew their Forces to Liscaghan, surprised (as you have heard) by Maurice Stacke, and by him still possessed in despite of the Rebels: The Rebels enforced to rise from the siege of Liskaghan. This Castle therefore they besiege, and placed an Engine (well known in this Country) called a Sow (to the Walls thereof) to sup the same: But the Defendants did so well acquit themselves in a Sally, as they tore the Sow in pieces, made her to cast her Pigs, and slay twenty seven of them dead in the place; finding therefore that Force would not prevail, to effect their attempt, they betake themselves to fraud: For the more cunning conveyance whereof, Florence Mac Cartie was employed as a principal Instrument by Fits Maurice, who then with two hundred Foot and twenty Horse lay at Ardart, not half a mile distant from the Castle; within a few days after the former Salley, the said Florence came to speak with the Ward, Flor. Mac Carties persuasions unto the Ward to quit Liskaghan. (commanded by Walter Talbot, in the absence of Maurice Stacke) about some particulars concerning their own good; who amongst other conference assured them, that the Precedent was gone to Cork, that most of his Troops were defeated, and that it was impossible for them to expect aid before the next Spring: All which notwithstanding, for the love he bore to the Precedent, he would be glad to save their lives; and if they would deliver up the place to him, he would undertake to convey them in safety to Carrigofoile: Much did this smooth report, distract some of the Wards; for they well understood, that he had not showed himself in any overt action against her Majesty, since the Precedent came into his government; and although he did converse with the Rebels, yet it might be, that it was either to do some service upon them, or else to draw them into subjection. But others misdoubting, Anguis in h●rba, resolutely answered, that they would make good that place against all Ireland, until a second might come unto them: Then he began to certify them with the strength of the Enemy, and weakness of her Majesty's Forces, reporting the one to be at the least seven thousand, and the other at the most two thousand and five hundred: But finding that this last attempt, prevailed no more than the first assault, with some threatening speeches he departed to the Lord of Lixnaw. The next morning, Florence Florence Mac Carty attempted to corrupt the Constable of Liskaghan. attempted the Ward again, but they made answer as the day before; then he proffered Walter Talbot, if he would render the place unto him, he would give him sixty men in wages, and a good Horse; but all his offers being rejected, he went his way. Notice hereof being brought unto the Precedent, then residing at Limericke, he addressed himself in all speed towards Kerry, and set forward the three and twentieth of july: 23. julij. But whereas (by reason of continual rain that had lately fallen in great abundance) it was thought that the mountain of Sleulogher was impassable for carriages, was constrained to take the way of Tho●ond. The forces which he carried with him, were in list ●050 Foot, and 75 Horse. These therefore marched to Kilrush, a place in Thomond, opposite to Carrigofoile, and by the eight and twentieth of the same, 28. julij. all the Foot, the Troops, and baggage were transported, which in respect of the breadth of the River in that place, being at least one league and a half, was expedited beyond all expectation. In the speedy dispatch whereof much was attributed, and that worthily, to the Earl of Thomond, who provided Boats and such other necessaries, as his Country could afford. The beginning of August james fits Thomas wrote unto Florence Mac Cartie a Letter, the true Copy whereof followeth. A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. Cousin, yesterday I came over the Mountain, and brought with me the Bonnaghs of Conelloe, the residue and force of the Country I have left to keep their Crets. I understand since my coming, that Sir Charles Wilmott with six hundred Foot, and fifty Horse, are come to Clanmorris, and this night pretend to be at Tralee. I have sent to the Knight, Fits Gerald, Knight of Kerry. and all the Country presently to meet me to morrow, to resist their determination: And for your better furtherance and accomplishment of our action, I am to entreat your Lordship, as you regard your own quiet, and exaltation of the Service, to make what haste and force you may, and speedily to yield us your helping assistance, for which we will rest thankful, and most ready to answer your Lordship at your need: And thus referring the consideration hereof to your Lordship, I commit you to God. Primo Augusti, 1600. Your Lordship's very loving Cousin, james Desmond. CHAP. XI. The Lord Precedent at Carrigfoyle. The Castles of Lixnaw, Rathowin, and Tralce surprised by Sir Charles Wilmot. The Bonoghs defeated by Sir Charles Wilmot. The death of Patrick Fits Maurice Lo. of Lixnaw. Florence mac Cartie sent for by the Lord Precedent, but refuseth to come. A marriage practised by Florence for james fits Thomas. Letters and messages between Florence and Tyrone. An encounter between Captain Harvie and the White Knights son. The White Knight's son defeated. The Knight of Kerry, and the Lord of Lixnaw sue for protection. The Earl of Thomond left to command the garrison at Askeyton. Florence Mac Cartie continueth his practice with Tyrone. Lands given by james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Carrie. donnel Mac Cartie taken in upon protection. THE Precedent being come to Carrigofoyle, The L. Precedent come to Carrigofoile advertisement was brought, that the Rebels hastened to ruin their Castles in Kerry. Wherefore the nine and twentieth 29. julij. he sent Sir Charles Wilmot, (a very valiant and understanding Gentleman) with the Forces aforesaid into Clanmorris, who without much difficulty, by reason of his sudden and unexpected coming, recovered the chief House of the Lord Fits Maurice, called Lixnaw, The Castles of Lixnaw, Rathowine, and Tralee surprised by Sir Charles Wilmot. being formerly by him sapped and underset with props of Timber, to the end, that whensoever any English Forces should come into the Country, that at an instant (fire being set unto them) the Castle should be ruined, which he rather wished, then that a Garrison of Soldiers should be lodged in it: But the sudden coming of Sir Charles, prevented his intention. He surprised also in the same manner the Castle of Rathowine, belonging to the Bishop of Kerry, into both which (being very convenient for service) he put sufficient Guards, and then road with fifty Horse to view Tralee, which was Sir Edward Dennies House: james fits Thomas had apppointed one hundred and fifty Bownoghs for the ruining hereof; who having almost fully finished their task, as they were busily employed about the undermining of certain vaults remaining after the rest unruined, Sir Charles Wilmott, The Bonoghs defeated by Sir Gharles Wilmot. with his fifty Horse, as they came suddenly, so they ran violently, like a Whirlwind (in fair weather) upon those Rebels, killed two and thirty of them dead in the place, and recovered the Arms of one hundred, who by the means and favour of a Bog and Mountain near adjoining, escaped with their lives, being frighted almost out of their wits. The second of August 2. August. Sir Charles Wilmott with his Troops returned to Carrigfoile. In this mean time the Precedent was advertised, that the victuals which he expected from Cork, was arrived at Carrighowlogh in Thomond, almost opposite to the River of Cassan in Kerry, from whence in Boats they were transported up the Cassan to Lixnaw, four miles into the Country, which service was performed by the aid of the Earl of Thomonds' Boats. The Lord Fits Maurice, whose name was Patrick's, and father to Thomas Lord Fits Maurice now living, an obstinate Rebel, hearing of our being at Carrigfoyle, fearing our Neighbourhood, broke his Castle of the Beaulieu, seated upon the Shenan, two miles distant from Carrigfoyle, when he saw his chief House possessed by our Forces, The death of Patrick fits Maurice, L. of Lixnaw. took such an inward grief, as the twelfth of this instant he gave up the ghost. The County of Kerry at this time was the best inhabited Country of all Monster; but whosoever took the most pains in sowing, certain it is, that the Garrisons as they were shortly after placed, reaped all the profit of that Harvest. The Island of Kerry, an ancient and chief house of the Earls of Desmond, and of late belonging to Sir William Harbert, as an Undertaker, together with many other Castles in those parts, are (by the rebels) absolutely ruined, near upon the first bruit of the Armies approach, which was an evident argument of their obstinacies. The Precedent upon his first coming into Kerry, hearing that Florence Mac Cartie Florence Mac Cartie being sent for would not come unto the L. President. was not then above ten miles distant from him, about a Parley with james fits Thomas, wrote for him, to come and speak with him at Carrigofoile, but he remising nothing but oaths and delatory excuses, came not; Whereupon second Letters together with a safe guard were dispatched unto him, but unto those he returned no answer at all. This delaying conferred with the report of some Protectees, that averred Florence to have entered into a new Combination with james fits Thomas; (and that he had sent in this Month of August Owen Mac Eggan, a Traitorly Priest into Spain;) made the Precedent not doubtful only of his former promises to him made, but almost out of doubt, that he would show himself again in open action. Which would bring to pass, that his Labours (like those of Hercules) should daily be renewed, new Heads still growing upon this rebellious Hydra; for the Septs of the Carties themselves (with their Followers and Dependants) were known to be no less than three thousand able men; and to the intent, that all these might more firmly unite themselves, with the rest which were no less, than four thousand and five hundred strong against Her Majesty: This Florence was now busy in working of a Marriage, between the Sugan Earl, A Marriage practised by Florence for james fits Thomas. and the sister of Cormacke Mac Dormond, Lord of Muskerry, a populous, a rich, and a fast Country. The Precedent having received advertisement thereof, left Sir Charles Wilmot to prosecute the service in Kerry, and himself hasted his return towards Cork, there to work some means, for the overthrowing the proceedings of this dangerous Complot. The Precedent being returned so far as Limerick, certain notice was brought him, that Florence had lately employed a Messenger to Tyrone Letters and Messages between Florence and Tyrone. (as he pretended) for the releafe of Osulevan Moke, his Brother in Law; but as the truth was, to procure aid from the North, to support the Rebellion in Monster: Tyrone by the said Messenger, sent Letters of Comfort and Encouragement, aswell to Florence's as to the rest of the Lords in that Province; assuring them, not only of succours from himself, but farther, that the Spanish Forces would land in Monster before Michaelmas next. These exorbitant courses of Florence, gave a great impediment to the service, for the Precedent (as he would often say) did see him like a dark Cloud over his Head, threatening a Storm, to hinder and disturb his proceedings: But we will leave Florence for a while busily employed, in devising means how to procure aid, either from Spain, or from the North, or from both; and betake ourselves to such other occurrents as happened about this time. Upon the sixteenth of August, 16. Aug. the Lord Precedent came to Limericke. The eighteenth, Aug. 18. Pierce Lacie wrote unto the Precedent, humbly beseeching him, that he might be received into Her Majesty's gracious protection, promising ever afterwards to remain a loyal Subject; but withal he made certain demands, which were so much disliked by the Precedent, as his suit was rejected; for the Precedent insisted upon a Rule (which he never broke) that he would not give care to any Traitor that did capitulate. The twentieth Aug. 20. he came to Kilmallock, remaining there but one day, to take assurance of certain Gentlemen and Freeholders, that had lately submitted themselves. The day following at Kilmallock, 21. Aug. the White Knight being there to attend the Precedent, An Encounter between Captain Harvie and the White Knights Son. news was brought unto him, that divers of his people and Followers were slain by the Garrison of Moyallo, commanded by Captain Roger Harvy: The Precedent careful to give him contentment (being under her Majesty's protection) in his own presence examined the matter; and there it was found, that Captain Harvy having intelligence by a Spy, that was his Guide, of a notable Traitor called john Mac Redmond, and certain other Traitors, and their goods, which were reported to be near unto Sir Walter Raleigh his Lands, adjoining to the White Knights Country, with seventy Foot and four and twenty Horse, marched that night one and twenty miles from Moyallo; and at the break of day, our men thinking, that they had been brought upon an Enemy's Town, set fire to a House, having some few people therein: But an old Soldier knowing the place, told the Captain that it was the White Knights Town: Whereupon he commanded his Company to forbear committing any outrage, either upon the people, or any of their Goods: But the White Knights younger Son, john fits Gibbon, having suddenly gathered to himself, one hundred and sixty Foot and eighteen Horse, overtook Captain Haruy; who began to excuse the matter, telling him (as the truth was) that the Guide whom he had there with him, to answer the Fact, had brought him unwillingly upon that place; and therefore for the hurt done (ignorantly) he would make a large satisfaction. But the young man following the advice of one Garret Mac Shane, (who had lately been a notable Traitor) thinking it not possible for so small a Company to resist his great Force; The White Knight's Son defeated. (without returning any answer) began presently to charge our men, whom they supposed without any great resistance to have at their mercy, and came up close to our Foot, who nothing dismayed, stood firm, expecting their Charge: But they not coming on, Captain Harvy advanced towards them, and broke them instantly. In this Conflict were slain and hurt above sixty of their party; and among them Garret Mac Shane, the Leader and Procurer of the fight; of our men, some four were hurt, but none killed; Captain Harvy received a shot on his Morion, a blow with a pike upon his back, but escaped danger by the goodness of his Buff Coat, and had his Horse slain under him. The White Knight upon due knowledge hereof, condemned both his Son and people for their folly, to enforce a fight, having no harm intended them; and confessed they were well lost. But yet for his better satisfaction the treacherous Guide, who did upon a set purposed malice draw this Draught, was by the Precedents appointment, delivered over to the Marshal, and presently hanged: The three and twentieth 23. Aug. the Lord Precedent returned to Cork. Sir Charles Wilmot having made his entrance into Kerry (as already you have heard) and there proceeded so far as Lixnaw, made known to the Precedent, that the Rebels were exceeding strong in that Country; The Arch-rebel james fits Thomas being attended with five hundred Bownoghs, besides the Forces that the Knight of Kerry, Thomas Oge, and the Gentlemen of the Country could make: Hereupon the Precedent knowing that those parts were always affectionately addicted to the Earls of Desmond, caused a Footman of the young Earls, (who was shortly afterwards to come into Ireland) as the manner is, having his Master's Arms upon his coat before and behind, to show himself in most places of the Country, that thereby they might be the better persuaded of his coming, and be a means to alienate their hearts from the counterfeit Desmond. The vigilant care that Sir Charles Wilmot used within his charge, having taken divers preys, and killed some of the Rebels, together with this Invention, caused most of the Freeholders' of that Country to submit themselves, and seek unto the Governor for her Majesty's protection: the principal amongst these was William fits Gerald, The Knight of Kerry, & the Lord of Lixnaw made suit to be protected. commonly called The Knight of Kerry, who by Messengers signified the great desire that he conceived to live a Subject, and had present occasion to show some proof thereof; for the Sugan Earl coming about this time to the Dingle, the said Knight would by no means receive him into his Castle; whereupon he ruined all the houses that were standing in the Town, and so took his journey unto Castle Mange: Thomas fits Maurice, (the pretended Baron of Lixnaw) also now newly come to his barony by the death of his father, sought by means of his wife, (who was Sister to the Earl of Thomond) for the Precedents favour, and her Majesty's protection: Both were promised upon condition, he would perform such service as might in some good sort deserve the same: but this he absolutely refused, because (forsooth) it stood not with his Conscience, nor with his Honour: for these were his own words in a Letter that he wrote to my Lord of Thomond: and upon this Answer the Precedent rejected both the man and his suit. The affairs of Kerry succeeding so well with the Governor, it was supposed, that the reputed Earl of Desmond would not long remain in these parts, lest the Protectees might offer him some false measure; which if it should happen, most likely it was that he would pass the Mountain, and shelter himself in the fastness of Conniloe, and therefore the Lord Precedent entreated the Earl of Thomond, to stay with the Garrison at Askeiton, The Earl of Thomond left to command the garrison at Askeiton. both to do service upon such Rebels as should lurk in those woods, as also to secure the goods of those that were newly become Subjects; for (as the manner of the Irish) had they lost but twenty Cows, or ten Garrans, they would have held it sufficient cause to have relapsed again. My Lord of Thomond therefore lying there in Garrison, received advertisement by certain espials (whom he used) that Florence Mac Cartie Florence continueth his practice with Tyrone. had assuredly made a new combination with the Arch-rebel Desmond, and had sent second Letters to Tyrone about O Sulevan More his enlargement; but in truth the effect thereof was, to implore aid of that Egyptian Reed, to underprop their ruinous, and almost rotten Building. Of this new and late combination, the Lord Precedent was also advertised by the Lord Barrie, That james Mac Thomas, to assure Florence unto him, did give him these Lands and Rents following: Lands given by james fits Thomas to Flor. Mac Cartie. viz. the Querinie, Killaha, the rents of Bear and Bantrie, the Beoves of Carbry, Carrigroaghan and Ballinry near unto Cork; all which Florence accepted, and their place of meeting (where this Agreement was made) was at Rahinemroeg, bordering upon Slewlogher. Upon this Intelligence the Governor of Kerry, by direction from the Precedent, received into protection donnel Mac Carty, Donnel Mac Carty taken in upon protection. natural son to the late Earl of Clancare, and Brother to Florence his wife, whom the Country in the beginning of this Rebellion, saluted Mac Cartie More, or chief Lord of Desmond: But at Tyrone his late being in the Province, he was deprived of that promotion, and both the Title and Lands by him conferred upon the said Florence: wherefore they thought this man to be a special fit Instrument, of whom there might be very good use, when the Precedent should begin his prosecutions against Florence. CHAP. XII. The Castle of Main in Connologh taken. Omaghon, and the O Crowlyes protected. Cahir Castle rendered. Supplies of Horses and Money sent for Monster. Dermond Mac Owen, O Keefe, and Mac Awley make suit to be received as subjects. The submission of the Knight of Kerry. james fits Thomas, and Pierce Lacie defeated by the Knight of Kerry. THE Rebel that next bordered upon this Garrison of Askeiton, was Garret fits Nicholas, and some few Kern that followed him, whom Sir Francis Barkley so haunted and hunted, that he got from them all their prey, their own riding Horses, and at last the Castle of maine, The Castle of Main in Connologh taken. held by them, wherein there was provision of Corn for all that year. The Precedent having disposed of his Garrisons in such sort, that they were lodged either in the Rebels Countries, or very near thereunto, sent unto them several Letters, willing the Commanders to employ their Companies (at this time especially) about the standing Corn now ready for the Harvest, to gather in for their own uses, what lay most conveniently for them, and the rest to destroy with Man and Horse, which was performed accordingly; and this no doubt was one principal cause, that they were unable to hold up their Heads the next year; for presently hereupon Omaghon and the O Crowlies in Carbery, Omaghon and the O Crowlies protected. sought to Sir Richard Percy lying at Kinsale, that he would be a means, to the Lord Precedent for Her Majesty's protection; which being granted, they remained Loyal Subjects with their Tenants and Followers until the landing of the Spaniards. In this interim, the Lord Precedent laboured with Cormuck Mac▪ Dermond, partly by promises, and partly by menaces, to frustrate the intended Marriage, The intended Marriage of james fits Thomas frustrated. between james fits Thomas and his Sister; which at last with some difficulty was frustrated, by causing the said Cormuck to undertake for his Sister's appearance, whensoever he or the Council should call for her. Towards the later end of this Month of August, the Lord Deputy writing to the Precedent about some other occasions; it pleased him to remember Cahir Castle Cahir Castle rendered (which was lost as before you have heard) signifying that he much desired to have that Castle recovered from the Rebels; the rather because the great Ordnance, a Cannon, and a Culverin being left there by the Earl of Essex, were now possessed by the Rebels. This Item from the Lord deputy, spurred on the Precedent without further delay, to take order therein; and therefore presently by his Letters, sent for the Lord of Cahir, to repair unto him, who (as before you have heard) was vehemently suspected, to have some hand both in the taking, and keeping thereof. The Baron of Cahir being come, the Council persuaded him to deal with james Butler (nicknamed james Galled) his Brother, about the redelivering thereof to Her Majesty's use; but his Answer was, that so little interest had he in his Brother, as the meanest Follower in all his Country, might prevail more with him then himself; (for he was unwilling to have the Castle regained by the State, except it might again, be left wholly to him, as it was before the first winning thereof) which the Precedent surmising told him, that if it might speedily be yielded up unto him, he would become an humble Suitor to the Lord deputy (in his behalf) for the repossessing thereof; otherways he would presently march with his whole Army into those parts, and taking the same by force, he would ruin and raze it to the very foundation; and this he bound with no small protestations: Hereupon, justice Comerford being dispatched away with the Lord of Cahir, they prevailed so far with young Butler, that the Castle upon the twenty nineth following was delivered to the State; as also, all the Munitions, and the great Ordnance conveied to clonmel, and from thence to Watterford. The nine and twentieth 29 August. the Lord Precedent, among other things in his dispatch made for England; advertised the Lords of the Council, that there was lately arrived at Limerick ten thousand pounds in money for the Army in Monster; Supplies of Horses and Money sent for Monster. and that also at Cork thirty six Horse, (for the supply of his Horse Troops) were landed at Cork; for the which he gave their Lordship's humble thanks: The Horse sent were forty, but the Conductor delivered no more than aforesaid. While these things were in handling, it happened that a French Bark arrived at Dingle, laden with Wine and some Munition, which they sold to the Rebels, and thereby ministered unto them no small relief, being before in great want thereof. Whereupon the Precedent wrote his Letters to the Lords of Her Majesty's Privy Council, entreating that it would please them, to procure Her Majesty's Letters to be directed to her Ambassador Leger in France, to deal with the King, for preventing such further mischiefs, as might arise by his Subjects merchandizing with the Rebels. The six and twentieth 26. August. of this Month, Dermond Mac Owen Dermond Mac Owen O keefe and Mac Awly, made suit to be received as Subjects. Lord of the Country, called Dowalla, a man for wit and courage, nothing inferior to any of the Monster Rebels, by his Letters directed to Captain Roger Harvy, bearing Date the twenty sixeth aforesaid, made humble suit unto the Precedent, that himself, Mac Awly and O keefe with all their followers, might be received into Her Majesty's gracious protection; promising both for himself and them, from thence forward, to continue and remain loyal and obedient Subjects; and for the performance of the same, they would put in sufficient security, which humble suit the Precedent not long after granted. near unto the day before mentioned, William fits Gerald, the Knight of Kerry, The submission of the Knight of Kerry. in a very penitent manner submitted himself to Sir Charles Wilmott, and received her Majesty's gracious protection, protesting with many vows his future loyalty, whereof Sir Charles advertised the Precedent, praying the confirmation of the same, which was upon sight of his Letters granted. Four or five days afterwards, as Sir Charles lay with his Force before Ardart in Kerry, james fits Thomas, and Pierce Lacie, ja. fits Tho. and Pierce Lacie defeated by the Knight of Kerry. with all the Force they could make, entered (by night) into the Knight of Kerries Country, with a full intention either to surprise his person, or to spoil & burn his towns, and corn, to his utter ruin: The Knight having some little foreknowledge of the storm at hand, as soon as they were entered into his Country, he fought with them, slew two of their chief Leaders of the Bownoghs, the one called Teg O Kelly, the other Walter Mac Castelogh, and with them sixteen others. The Invaders finding so ill a welcome, returned, not having gained so much as one Cow. CHAP. XIII. The Castle of Ardart taken by Sir Charles Wilmot. Maurice Stacke treacherously murdered. The prey of Kilkoe taken by Sir Richard Percy. A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. james fits Thomas defeated by the garrison of Kilmallock. ARdart for some nine days made good defence, The castle of Ardart taken by Sir Ch. Wilmot. and had burned with Fireworks such Boards and Timber as Sir Charles had placed against the wall of the Castle, for his men's safety as they undermined. But at the last Sir Charles sent for a Saker out of an English man's Ship, (which one Hill the Master lent him) with a purpose only to break open the door of the Castle; for the walls were too strong for so small a Piece to offend: The Rebels at the sight of the Saker yielded: Sir Charles hanged the Constable; the rest of the Ward, which was but eight, with the women and children were spared. Towards the latter end of August, Maurice Stack, the brave undertaker before spoken of, was by Honore ny Brien, wife to the Lord of Lixnaw, invited to dine with her, Maurice Stacke murdered treacherously. in her Husband's Castle of Beaulieu in Kerry; at which time donnel Obrien, Brother both to her, and the Earl of Thomond was then with his Sister; Dinner being ended, the young Lady desired to speak with the said Stacke privately in her Chamber, where after a little time spent, and disagreeing about the matter then in speech, the Lady cried out unto Dermoned Kewghe Mac Corman, William Odonichan and Edmond Oheher (being at the Chamber door) do you not hear him misuse me in words? Whereupon with their skins they instantly murdered him in the place: as soon as he was slain, she sent unto her Husband, and willed the Murderers to repair unto him▪ of this barbarous and inhuman Act, some say that this Lady was the principal Agent, though some of her friends have since sought to excuse her: The Earl of Thomond upon the knowledge of it, was so infinitely grieved, and for the same held his Sister in such detestation, as from that day forwards (to the day of her death) which was not many Months after (as I think) he never did see her, nor could not abide the memory of her name: But howsoever this worthy Subject, (more worthy than whom there was no one of Ireland birth of his quality) was thus shamefully butchered as you have heard: The Lord of Lixnaw, not satiated with his blood (traitorously & shamefully shed) the next day after, he hanged Thomas Encally Stack, the Brother of the said Maurice Stack, whom he had held Prisoner a long time before. About the beginning of this Month of September, Septemb. the Garrison of Kinsale was droven into the field, and marched so far as Rosse Carbery, being commanded by Sir Richard Percy, The Prey of Kilkoe taken by Sir Richard Percy. and guided by Walter Coppinger of Cork, upon hope of doing service thereabout, but being disappointed thereof, they marched beyond the Leap, and coming suddenly to Kilcoe, they took there a Prey of three hundred Cows, which they brought in safety without any loss to Littertinlis, and from thence they returned again to their Garrison. The Garrison of Kerry, had by this time so galled the Forces of the usurping Desmond, as he found himself unable long to subsist, except Florence Mac Cartie (who had long played the Machiavillian Ambidexter, betwixt him and the L▪ Precedent) would now at the last join with him in defence and supportation of the Action; this did he importune by divers Letters, but especially by one, which because it containeth his estate at this time, together with other particularities fit to be understood; I have thought good to insert the very words of his own Letter as followeth. A Letter from james fits Thomas to Florence Mac Cartie. MY Lord, your Letters I have received, and the present time of Service is now at hand, which by Letters, nor any excuse so effectual aught to be delayed; And whereas you write, that you intent to confer with the Precedent, and the Earl of Thomond, I marvel that one of your Lordship's acquaintance with their proceedings, doth not yet know their enticing baits, and humours, to entrap us all within the nets of their policies; Your vow to God and this action, for the maintenance of the Church, and defence of our own right, should not for any respect be unregarded: you know that of long time your Lordship hath been suitor to the Queen and Council, and could not at any time prevail, nor get any likelihood of your settlement; and now being duly placed by the assent of the Church, and us the Nobility of this Action, your Lordship should work all means possible for to maintain the same. You know the ancient and general malice that heretofore they bore to all Irish Birth, and much more they rave at this present, so as it is very bootless for any of us all to seek their favours, or countenance, which were but a mean to work our total subversion: Write to me effectually your Lordship's mind, and what resolution you purpose to follow, whereby I may proceed accordingly. This Army is but very slender, for they are but six hundred Foot, and eighty Horse; I am myself and Fits Maurice six hundred Foot, and some Horse: We expect your Lordship's assistance, which we heartily desire, and not any further to defer us with Letters, as you respect us, and the service: and whereas you write you have no force, your own presence, and the bruit of your coming, will much further the Service, and dismay the enenemy, etc. 2. Septemb. 1600. Your loving Cousin, james Desmond. Notwithstanding the importunity of these Letters, together with his own inclination, yet Florence finding that this their divided Kingdom could not long stand, he would not in person join with them, but sent word to the white Knight by his daughter (Donogh Mac Cormock his wife) that rather then the Action should fall to the ground, he would himself make a journey into Spain, to entreat aid and assistance from the Pope and Spanish King: but in the mean time, the supposed Earl being still pursued by Sir Charles, is constrained to abandon Kerry, to go to Conniloe, and so to Arlogh; in which passage he sustained such a loss (as shall be said) which proved to him irrecoverable. There was not left any man of esteem likely to defend the Action, but Florence Mac Cartie, (lately spoken of) who having temporised all this while, (to see this Summer's prosecution) was grown by other men's examples to be more wise than honest, became now an Intercessor to the Precedent, with frequent Letters, and damnable oaths, that he was in his heart and intentions sincerely devoted to her Majesty's service. The concurrence of this fortunate success, did promise a present reduction of the Province, and an establishment thereof in a settled quiet, and so no doubt it would have proved, if the Protectees had meant in their hearts, as they professed with their tongues: but it was far otherways, for the Precedent did at this time receive certain advertisement, that the titulary Earl being driven to great extremity, and eagerly prosecuted in all corners, by the consent (in common Counsel) of his associates, whereof some of them had never been in actual rebellion, and others lately protected, and seeming to forsake him (notwithstanding their pledges in her Majesty's hands) have advised him partly for his safety, but especially to make trial what aid he could procure (out of Connaght and Ulster) to depart from thence, with confident promises, that whensoever he should return with new Forces, that then they would as constantly stand for him as heretofore: Whence by the way may be discerned the cankered disposition of their malicious hearts towards the English Government, who nothing regard the disease of their Persons, the loss of their Goods, the hazard of their Lives, and danger of their perjured Souls, so that they may be able to continue in action against her Majesty; hoping thereby that at the length she would grow weary of her extreme charges, and by that means be driven to condescend to their own Conditions and Liberty of conscience; wherein although they were not disturbed at this time, yet can they not be satisfied without public allowance, and Exercise thereof under the Romish Authority, which they strive to have supreme; and what kind of subjection can be expected at the hands of any such Papists, may appear, for that some of great quality in Monster, did about the midst of this month, purposely send certain Priests to Rome, to purchase absolution from the Pope, for the sin that they Committed, in not entering into public Hostility with the rest; and because they saw that the Queen could not be violently dispossessed of Ireland, did likewise entreat a dispensation from overt action, but yet to live unchangeably in the Catholic Religion, and to be permitted in outward temporal obedience her Majesty's Subjects. Consider therefore I say, the dutiful Allegiance of these men, whose obedience depends upon the Pope's allowance. Sir George Thornton had in garrison at Kilmallock, james fits Thomas▪ defeated by the garrison of Kilmallocke. Captain Francis Slingsby, with the Precedents Company, Paul Arundle, with the Lord Audley's, Captain Dillon, and Captain O Reilly, with their Foot Companies, and Captain Greame with his Troop of Horse, to whom intelligence was brought upon Tuesday being the sixteenth of September, 16. Sept. that the Rebels james fits Thomas, and his complices, were that day to pass from Conniloe, to the huge Fastness of Arlogh: Whereupon Captain Greame instantly drew forth (with his Troop) towards the said Fastness; Order being likewise taken, that the Foot should hasten after with all possible speed; Captain Greame making extraordinary haste, suddenly espied their Forces somewhat near the wood; but before they could recover the same, he gave them a Charge, and at the very first possessed himself of their Carriage, and killed all those that guarded the same: Hereupon the Rebels (having four Colours) in defence of their Carriage, drew towards him, and gave him a charge, which he answered with his Horse; and by this time a Sergeant of Captain dillon's, with some light shot, were come up, and delivered a Volley in their teeth, which killed divers of them, and slew Pierce Lacie his horse under him: Hereupon Captain Greame charged their Battalion home to the Colours, which they resisted; but at his second charge, he broke clean through them, and they betook themselves to running, and our men to killing; and surely had not our Horse been overwearied with their long forrey before they came to fight, and our Foot tired and out of breath to come up, there had not one man escaped alive: But as it was, there were slain at this skirmish of the Rebels, at least one hundred and twenty, whereof one half were of their best men, amongst whom was Desmonds' base son, T●g O Kelly, and Hugh O Kelly, Captains of the Bownoghs, whose heads were the next day presented to the Precedent at Moyallo: There were (besides these) above fourscore dangerously wounded; we took from them one hundred and fifty Pikes and Pieces, besides many Swords, Targets and Skeines; we got fourt●e Horses and Hackneys, and at least three hundred Garrans laden with baggage, to the value (as was reported) of five hundred pound, together with all their prey of sheep and cows, except some few that ran into the woods, being feared with the cry of the people, and noise of the shot and drums. The greatest loss that we sustained was in Horse; for Captain Greame lost sixteen Horse, the Lord Audley had a Sergeant slain, and there were six more wounded, but not mortally; one of Captain Greames troop took the Archtraytor Desmonds' Ensign, which the Captain perceiving, he stooped down to reach the Colours, but at an instant receiving a blow with a Piece upon the reins of his back, was not able to recover them, being rescued with six Pike-men. This Disaster proved so fatal to the usurping Earl, that although of the six hundred Foot he brought with him, four hundred did still remain able to fight; yet could he never afterward gather one hundred of these to a Head; for some got into Connaght, some into Ulster, and in fine, every man to his own home, leaving the Earl to a desperate fortune; who now perceived that the Provincials submitted themselves daily to the Precedent, and the strangers returned into their several Countries; and that no aid approached either from the South or North, by Sea, nor Land, was compelled together with john his Brother, Maurice Mac Thomas, Pierce Lacie, and the Knight of the Glyn, to leave the Country of Cork, and to fly into Tipperary and Ormond, and from thence, john fits Thomas hasteth to Ulster. CHAP. XIIII. Supplies of Foot sent from England. Osulevan More sent by the Lord Deputy to the Lord Precedent. The Castle of Glancoyne surprised by Sir Francis Barkley. Florence Mac Carties' Wife and Followers persuaded him to go to the Lord Precedent. The young Earl of Desmond arrived at Yoghall. A Letter from Her Majesty to the Lord Precedent. Her Majesty's Letters Patents for james Fitz-Gerald to be Earl of Desmond. THE Lords of the Council of England, by their Letters bearing Date the twenty seventh, Supplies of Foot sent out of England. advertised the Precedent, that there was six hundred Foot in a readiness to be sent to Cork, to supply the Army; and for that many Soldiers daily arrived in England by Passports from their Captains only: They gave the Precedent a straight Charge, to take order with all the Maritime Towns, that no Soldier should be transported out of any of them, without a Pass under his own Hand and Seal; and the last of the same, he had directions from their Lordships, that good Bands with Sureties should be taken upon all Merchants of Ireland, which traded with Spain or France, not only for their own good behaviours and loyalties, when they were beyond the Seas, but to all such Passengers as they should carry with them, which was presently put into execution. Dermond O Conner at his late being in Monster, had caused Osulevan More, a man above sixty years of age, and yet never known to be in action against Her Majesty; neither in james fits Maurice his Wars, nor in the old Earl of Desmonds', nor in this last Rebellion: This man I say, Dermond O Conner had taken Prisoner not without Consent and Council of Florence Mac Cartie, because he refused to pay Bonnaght unto the Connaght men: Captain Tirrell by force or fraud (I know not whether) took the Prisoner from him, and carried him into the North, who escaped out of the Ulster mens hands, was taken by Sir Theobald Dillon of Connaght, and presented to the Lord deputy, by whom he is committed to the Castle of Dublin, until his estate should be further known; and not long after he sent him to the Earl of Ormond, Osulev an More sent by the Lord Deputy to the Lord Precedent. to be sent by him to the Precedent, to be disposed of according to his discretion: He being about this time come to Cork, raileth bitterly against Florence, ascribing both the beginning and continuance of his troubles to him, and relating to the Council such intelligence, as he had learned in those parts where he had been detained, returneth into his own Country. The Archrebels, james fits Thomas Fits Maurice, and the Knight of the Glyn, not finding (as it should seem) the entertainment they expected in my Lord of Ormonds' country; or rather, notintending at the first to make any long stay there; but only that thereby the Precedent might think them quite gone, and so make no further inquiry after them; did in the beginning of this Month of October, October. steal back into the County of Limerick, yet not so privily, but the Precedent had intelligence thereof; 4. Octbe for it was signified unto him, the fourth of this instant, that Desmond was about Arlogh, having not above five in his Company, and two of them came lately from the Pope, with promise of Succours, which came too late for his turn, as hereafter shall be showed. In the mean time our Garrisons prospered so well, The Castle of Glan Coin surprised by Sir Francis Barkley. that Sir Francis Barkley got the Castle of Glancoyne in Connilogh, burning, and spoiling great store of Corn in those parts; and Sir Charles Wilmot in Kerry prevailed so far, that Castlemange held by Thomas Oge, and Listoell defended by Fits Maurice, were the only two Castles held against her Majesty, which were both regained within short time; and Captain Flower at Lysmore, wrought miracles against the Rebels in those parts, as Sir Richard Aylward wrote to the Precedent. But Florence Mac Cartie, notwithstanding his manifold Letters, stuffed with abominable oaths, came not (as yet) to the Precedent, nor indeed minded he to come (as it was reported) had not his Wife and some of his Country, Florence Mac Carties' wife and followers persuaded him to go to the Lord Precedent. in a manner compelled him thereunto; for she refused to come to his Bed, until he had reconciled himself to Her Majesty; saying that she knew in what manner her Father had that Earldom from her Highness; and though she be not pleased to bestow the same wholly upon her, yet she doubted not to obtain some part thereof; but if neither of these could be gotten, yet was not she minded to go a begging either unto Ulster nor into Spain; and to confirm this report, it was certainly known, that she with the help of her friends, kept the Castle of the Lough in Desmond by force from him. Her Majesty having evermore had a determination, The young Earl of Desmond arrived at Yoghall. to send james fits Gerald, Son unto the late Earl of Desmond attainted in Ireland; and having found by experience, that the attempt which Dermond O Conner made in the apprehension of james fits Thomas, was at his Wife's suit, in hope thereby to obtain the restitution of her Brother to his old Title of Earl of Desmond, and also unto some state of Inheritance for his maintenance; did now resolve to put her determination in effect, hoping that his presence in Ireland, would draw the ancient Followers of the Earl of Desmond (his Father) from james fits Thomas the supposed Earl; and therefore releasing him out of the Tower (where from his infancy he had been Prisoner) she not only admitted him to her presence, but styled him Earl of Desmond, and sent him conducted into Ireland by Captain Price, a sober, discreet Gentleman, and an ancient Commander in the Wars, 14. Octob. who landed with his charge at Youghall the fourteenth day of October, from thence he brought him to Moyallo to the Precedent; upon the eighteenth, 18. Octob. where from Her Majesty he presented to his Lordship the young Earl; Her Majesty's Letters, and Letters Patents under the great Seal of England for his restitution in blood and Honour; both which Letter and Letters Pattens, I think it not unnecessary to set down the true Copies, which were as followeth. A Letter from her Majesty to the Lord Precedent. ELIZAB. R. Trusty and Well-beloved, we greet you well: We have now at the last resolved to send over james fits Gerald into Monster, after long debate with Ourself what accidents might follow thereupon; wherein although there might be many doubts, to what he may be inveagled in times to come, yet that opinion which we conceive of his own good nature and disposition to gratefulness, for this high benefit which he receiveth, together with the orderly course which we intent shall be observed in the raising, and disposing his Fortune, doth make us less doubtful of that mischief, than we are for the present of some other scorn, which we shall receive, if by our sending him over, and your resolution to restore him, no such effect should follow, as might be answerable to that which is expected: In which consideration, although we know there are many of Opinion, that the way to draw greatest things by him, were to raise him high at first (because it will make those cleave to him the faster) yet will we follow therein Our own resolution, which is rather to proceed in such a case by degrees, then in any sudden, without reasonable caution and reservation: For the first step therefore, we have now sent him over by Captain Price, (a trusty and discreet Person) to deliver him safely into your hands, whereas we know the keeping of him in any state of a Prisoner, would wholly overthrow the work, and multiply the jealousies of those who judge all others by themselves; So in respect that you are in place where all circumstances are clearest known, and that the change of causes altereth Counsels: Know this from Us, That we shall never disallow it, if you in your discretion find it necessary (at any time) that you do abridge him of any liberty, or any favour now afforded him: For as we have much the rather assented to send him over, and place him there, because you have had your part in the Counsel: So do we refer the managing of him to your discretion: for his maintenance during his abode there, there are but two ways, the one to bestow Lands upon him with an habitation: the other to maintain him out of our own purse with a pension. In the first there must be time to consider where to seat him: for the second, because it is a thing that must be done, and that he must be maintained with a convenient attendance, that they may not scorn him, and that he hath one or two sisters, whom we had rather should depend upon himself, then be matched with any other that were ill affected, (whereof many there be that would be glad to fortify themselves by them.) We do hereby give you order, to peruse the Numbers you have, and where you find any unprofitable Captain that hath a weak band, that you do presently cashier the same, and to employ part of that charge, which was formerly bestowed in that Band, towards the maintenance of him and his, as you shall see requisite, without further charging us, and the same to continue, until we may see how to resolve of some convenient Habitation for him, that they may see he is to be seated amongst them, with a competent portion of living, where he may be a stay to Our service. And now because we know the Country will think him unlikely to stead them that shall follow him, if they be not assured that he shall have the Title, (which is a matter they do so much affect to follow) We have herewith sent you a Patent of his Earldom, to the intent that you may assure all that are diffident of our performance; and yet We can be content, they plainly do understand also, that if they shall not actually, and substantially perform those Services, which may deserve this extraordinary clemency, and give us cause to consummate the rest: We both can and will quickly recall all that is hitherto performed: for which purpose we do hereby command you, to advertise Us, what is effected for him, by this demonstrative act of Ours, and then to receive our pleasure, before the Patent be delivered out of your hands; although for the present you may let it be showed to any such persons as you shall see cause, to assure by view of the same, and thereby make them perceive how unjustly We have been slandered, by those that should possess the world, that We have no desire or end, but to extirpate as well the Innocent, as the contrary of that Nation, seeing We are contented to raise the Son of that Father, that had committed so notorious crimes. For as much as We do hold it convenient, that the Archbishopp of cassel should not be in any sort kept in extremity: We would have you convert ten dead pays of Foot to his use, parcel of that hundred which is apppointed to be cashiered for the maintenance of james Fits Gerald; Wherein likewise We would have consideration held of poor, and some maintenance for the wife of Dermond O Conner; All these allowances to be borne by the Cashiering of that Company, and to be ordered according to your discretion, because We would not have apparent penury to surprise any of these that have entered so deeply, although the fruits are yet ungathered, which is the time when they must be further rewarded. We have likewise given order to the Deputy, to make an allowance of forty shillings a week to the Archbishop, in nature of Dead Pays to Preachers, in lieu whereof he may stay the pension of some other, who is not so necessary to be provided for: Having now assented to do that you have advised, We leave it to be ordered accordingly to your discretion, assuring you, that we are still of opinion, if you use not this Patent well, that they will be less greedy to dispatch any business for Us, than they would have been, if we had not gone on so hastily with theirs: But we repose such trust in you, as we think our Honour and safety of that Province in safe hands, for so much as faith and discretion can secure, to whom we render condign thanks for the good proof you have hitherto made of them both. The Bishop is not unfit to frequent the young Gentleman; and therefore, that credit which is fit, let him have, and let your proof of his zeal, excuse other of his indiscretions. Given at our Manor of Otlands' the first of October, 1600. Ro. Cecil Her Majesty's Letters, Patents for james fits Gerald, to be Earl of Desmond. ELIZABETH Dei Gratia, Angliae, Franciae, & Hiberniae Regina, fidei Defensor, etc. Archiepiscopis, Ducibus, Marchionibus, Comitibus, Vicecomitibus, Episcopis, Baronibus, justiciarijs prepositis, Ballivis, Ministris, & omnibus aliis fidelibus suis salutem. Cum non ita pridem Gerot nuper Comes Desmondae, Cuius proavos ob praeclaras suas erga Rempublicam res gestas, progenitores nostri Regij Comitum titulo or narunt, infandi in nobis Coronamque nostram perduellionis attinctus generis sanguinisque sui nobilitatem viciaverit, totumque illud dignitatis nomen penitus aboleverit. Ea tamen semper fuit nostra ad clementiam propensitas atque ad ignoscendum Regia facilitas, ut in tota imperij nostri moderatione in hujusmodi proditor' posteros, non modo, non summo jure usi sumus, sed etiam eos (meritis suis non obstantibus) ijsdem quibus reliquos subditos nostros favoribus & praemijs affecerimus. Eaque de causa nos sumptibus nostris properijs, jacobum fits Gerald filium prefati Gerot natu maximum aluimus, omnique apparatus & educationis genere homine tam nobili orto non indigno institui cur avimus: Non ferentes delicta mala meriti patris, in bono indolis filio castigari. Et quoniam idem Iacobus ita vere virtutis & nobilitatis insignijs preditus est, ut merito illum & nobis & Coronae nostrae omni fidelitate inseruitur, ac Patriae suae summo futurum ornamento speremus, si honoribus dignitatisque titulis per patrem nuper amissis insigniretun. Sciatis igitur, quod nos de gratia nostra speciali, ac ex certa scientia & mero motu nostris, prefatum lacobum fits Gerald in Comitem Desmoniae, in Regno nostro Hiberniae ereximas, perfecimus, & creavimus; Ac per presentes erigimus, perficimus, & creamus; Et ei nomen, statum, stilum, titulum, honorem et dignitatem Comitis Desmoniae, Loro & suffragio, in Parliamentis nostris in praedicto Regno nostro Hiberniae, tenendum, sicut & eodem modo quo praedictus Gerot, jam ultimus Comes, aliquo tempore ante attinctur am suam praedictam, habuit, seu habere debuit, seu consuevit, Cum omnibus aliis & singulis preheminencijs, honoribus, ceterisque quibuscunque huiusmodi, statui, & dignitati Comitis Desmoniae, temporibus retroactis pertinent' seu spectant', damus & concedimus, per presents: Ipsumque statu stilo honore & dignitate Comitis Desmoniae per Cincturam gladij insignimus & realiter nobilitamus. Habendum & tenendum nomen, statum, titulum, honorem & Dignitatem Comitis Desmoniae praedict'. Cum omnibus & singulis preheminencijs, honoribus, suffragijs, & ceteris premissis quibuscunque, praefato jacobo fits Gerald, & Heredibus masculis de corpore suo legitime procreatis, & procreandis, imperpetum. Quoniam autem Comitis Dignitat', convenire putamus, ut qui ejusdem dignisat' à patre, out alio parente successionem proximam expectet, aliquo inferioris dignitatis titulo decoretur, proinde de uberiori gratia nostra volumus, & concedimus, pro nobis Heredibus & Successoribus nostris, quòd quilibet Heres masculus de corpore dicti jacobi fits Gerald legitime, procreat', qui successionem in dict' Comitate velut proximiore gradu expectet, & pro Hered' apparent, juxta tenorem huius concessionis nostrae ●a●eatur, Baro de Inchequin in Comitatu Cork, in dicto Regno nostro Hibernae durante ejus vita, qui praedict' dignitat' come obtinet perpetuis futuris temporibus vocetur & appelletur, ac nomine, stilo, statu dignitat' & preheminencijs Baronis de Inchequin, eodem pro tempore gandeat & utetur. Et hoc absque fine, seu feodo, solvend' in hamperio nostro seu alibi, ad usum nostrum quoquo modo, Eo quod expressa mentio de certitudine premissorum, five eorum alicuius, aut de aliis don●s five concessionibus per nos seuper aliquem Progenitorum nostrorum, praefato jacabo fits Gerald, ante haec tempora fact' in presentibus minime fact' existit, aut aliquo Statuto, Actu, Ordinatione, Provisione, siue Restrictione, in Contrarium inde antehac habit' fact' edict' ordinat', sine provis●, hand aliqua alia re causa vel materia quacunque in aliquo non obstante. In cujus rei Testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste me ipsae apud Otlands', primo die Octobris Anno Regni nostri Quadragesimo secundo. Peripsam Reginam. It was thought by all men, that the coming of this young Lord into Ireland, would have bred a great alteration in the Province, and an absolute revolt of all the old Followers of the House of Desmond from james fits Thomas, but it proved of no such consequence: For the Precedent to make trial of the disposition and affection of the young Earl's kindred and Followers, at his desire consented that he should make a journey from Moyallo into the County of Limerick, accompanied with the Archbishop of Cashell, and Master boil Clerk of the Council (a person whom the Lord Precedent did repose much trust and confidence in, and with whom he then communicated, and advised about his most secret and serious affairs of that Government;) And to Master Boil his Lordship gave secret charge, aswell to observe the Earls ways and carriage, as what men of quality or others made their address unto him, & with what respects and behaviour they carried themselves towards the Earl; who came to Kilmallock upon a Saturday in the Evening, and by the way, and at their entry into the Town, there was a mighty concourse of people, insomuch as all the Streets, Doors and Windows, yea the very Gutters and tops of the Houses were so filled with them, as if they came to see him, whom God had sent to be that Comfort and Delight, their fowls and hearts most desired, and they welcomed him with all the expressions and signs of joy, every one throwing upon him Wheat and Salt (an ancient Ceremony used in that Province, upon the Election of their new Majors and Officers) as a Prediction of future peace and plenty: That night the Earl was invited to 〈◊〉 to Sir George Thorntons', who then kept his House in the 〈…〉 and although the Earl had a Co●ard of Soldiers, which made a Lane from his lodgings to Sir George Thornetons' 〈◊〉 yet the confluence of people that flocked thither to see him was so great, as in half an hour he could not make his passage through the crowd; and after Supper he had the like encountere at his return to his lodging. The next day being Sunday, the Earl went to Church to hear divine Service; and all the way his Country people used loud & rude dehortations to keep him from Church, unto which he lent a dease ear; but after Service and the Sermon was ended, the Earl coming forth of the church, was railed at, & spit upon by those that before his going to Church were so desirous to see and salute him: Insomuch, as after that public expression of his Religion, the Town was cleared of that multitude of strangers, and the Earl from thence forward, might walk as quietly and freely in the Town, as little in effect followed or regarded as any other private Gentleman: This true relation I the rather make, that all men may observe how hateful our Religion and the Professors thereof, are to the ruder and ignorant sort of people in that Kingdom: For from thence forward none of his Father's followers, (except some few of the meaner sort of Freeholders') resorted unto him; and the other great Lords in Monster, who had evermore been overshadowed by the greatness of Desmond, did rather fear then wish the advancement of the young Lord: But the truth is, his Religion, being a Protestant, was the only cause that bred this coyness in them all: for if he had been a Romish Catholic, the hearts and knees of all degrees in the Province would have bowed unto him: Besides, his coming was not well liked by the Undertakers, who were in some jealousy, that in after times he might be restored to his Father's Inheritances, and thereby become their Lord, and their Rents (now paid to the Crown) would in time be conferred upon him. These considerations assured the Precedent, that his personal being in Monster would produce small effects, but only to make trial what power he had. CHAP. XV. The juggling of Florence Mac Cartie. Supplies of Men and Apparel sent into Monster. The submission of Florence Mac Cartie. A skirmish between the Mac Carties, and the Oleries. Olery slain. A Letter from Redmond Burke to the Lord Precedent. THE Precedent attempted by his means the getting of Castle Mange, a Castle of her Majesties, in the which before, and at the beginning of the War, she had a Ward surprised by the supposed Desmond, and left by him in the custody of Thomas Oge, as aforesaid, which by his negotiation with the said Constable, was at last rendered unto him, together with Pierce Lacie his two sons, which were kept as pledges therein; and this was all the service that he did or could do, during his abode in Ireland: And that work of his Florence Mac Cartie used all his wit and policy to prevent and overthrow: for at the very instant when Thomas Oge (who had the keeping of Castle Mange, and Pierce Lacy's sons as pledges therein) had faithfully assured the yielding up thereof, and of the aforesaid Pledges to the Lord Precedent; (Florence being then entertained by the Precedent in his house at Moyallo, and as fast bound unto him by many benefits and favours, as Florence was by the strongest oaths and vows that any Christian could be obliged by) got some secret hint that Castle Mange was by Thomas Oge to be yielded up to her Majesty; who well foreseeing what reputation it would bring to Desmond, and how much it would make up towards the hastening of his own ruin, if that Fort were once regained, and an English Garrison placed there, he presumed, and that in the Precedents own house, where he was so graciously used and entertained, to write his effectual and earnest Letters to the said Thomas Oge, assuring him, that Redmond Burke, and Captain Tirrell were on their way with great Forces to set Monster on fire again, dissuading him from keeping his promise with the Precedent and the young Earl of Desmond, promising, and binding his promises with damnable oaths, that he would presently revictual the Ward of Castle Mange for three months, pay them the Arrear of all their wages, and that he would give Thomas Oge and his Heirs for ever, six Plowlands of his own Inheritance, so he would not deliver up Castle Mange. And these Letters were by the watchfulness of Master Boil intercepted and delivered to the Precedent. And from thenceforward after Florence knew his Letters were intercepted, and his treacheries more and more discovered. But all this while it was a world to see how Florence played fast and loose, The Inggling of Florence Mac Cartie. between the Precedent and the Governor of Kerry: For when the Precedent sent to have him come to him, than he answered, that he was within few days to meet with the Governor of Kerry by a former appointment; if Sir Charles sent for him, than he was shortly to repair to the Precedent, and so deluding both, he would come to neither: His stay was (as we have showed) because he purposed to stand out, and for that cause had the last Month before planted as it was reported, some number of Bownoghs in his Country; but the governors people, upon one side, and these his Bownoghs on the other side, had by this time so harried and consumed his Country, as he found the same unable longer to maintain his Mercenaries; and therefore delayed with good words to gain longer time, for it was commonly spoken among the Protectees, and Captain Taffe wrote so much to the Precedent from Kilkenny, that Redmond Burke and Captain Tirrell, with all the Forces they could gather in Connaght, and Linster, would make an other incursion into Monster, so soon as the Lord deputy should return from the North, which was expected very shortly, because the time of the year would breed many difficulties and inconveniences in his longer stay: Whether it were this bruit, or the hearking after a Ship, to arrive in those parts, which might transport him beyond Seas, that occasioned his delatory excuses, I know not; But sure I am, that they proceeded not from any loyal or dutiful mind. The beggarly Earl in the mean time, lurked in the Woods with some two or three in his Company, sometimes in Arlogh, sometimes in Drumfinnin, but most in the County of Typperrarie, where he had much kindred by his Mother's side: The Precedent had intelligence every day where he lodged the night before, but never until he was departed, and had left the place; not but that the Country could have reported aswell where he is, as where he had been, but they were possessed with such a superstitious folly, & so terrified with the Priests Thunderbolts of Excommunication; as they adjudged him unavoidably damned, that should ruinate such a principal Pillar of the Catholic action: And Fits Maurice was in little better case; for although since his return into Monster, himself with the Knight of the Glyn, had assembled some four score in the Fastness of Clanmorris, who guarded their Corn that should maintain them for the year following: Yet Sir Charles Wilmot marching twelve miles through their Woods, being directed by a trusty Guide, came suddenly upon them, and slew sixty of them; the two Principals escaping very narrowly: After the killing ended they scowled the Woods, and finding great store of Corn therein, they burned the same, and returned with the Arms of all the dispersed Kern. Pierce Lacie had so well bestirred himself in his negotiation, with those of Ormond and Ossery, that of the Ormond and Ossery men, with the Purcels & Omaghers, he had reinforced himself with five hundred men, and being now joined with Redmond Burke, who had one thousand Foot and sixty Horse (as was credibly informed) drew their Forces into O Carrels Country, threatening daily) to invade the small County of Limerick, which bordered upon them, but their stay (as was reported) depended upon the return of john of Desmond, who was expected with Forces out of the North. But Tyrone was so well set a work, by the honourable, painful, and prosperous proceedings of the Lord deputy, as he had enough to do in defending his own Country, much less could he spare any Forces for other parts. In September last, mention is made that the Lords of the Council had promised to send unto the Precedent six hundred Foot for the supplying of his Army, Supplies of men & apparel sent into Monster. which accordingly arrived at Cork, as appeareth by the Precedents Letters written to then Lordships, dated the five and twentieth of this Month of October, and with them three hundred and fifty. Winter suits of apparel. But to return again to Florence Mac Cartie, The submission of Florence Mac Cartie. after all the tergiversations before mentioned, and many other too tedious to be inserted, finding all his Neighbours to have submitted themselves, and his own Followers, so much impoverished by the Wars, desirous to do the like; was contented (Tandem aliquando) to repair to the Precedent lying at Moyallo, bringing some forty Horse in his Company, and himself in the midst of his Troop (like the great Turk amongst his janissaries) drew towards the House (the nine and twentieth of October) Octob. 29. like 〈◊〉 higher by the head and shoulders than any of his Followers; upon his submission, the Precedent as having forgotten all former matters, gave him kind entertainment, being indeed heartily glad of his pre●ence, as hoping thereby, tha● these Wars of Monster were brought to a final end; to secure him therefore to the State, the Precedent demanded his Eldest Son in pledge, who being unable to take so long a journey by the indisposition of his body (as Florence protested) he left two others; the one his base Brother, who had spent many years in France, Spain and Hungary; and the other his foster Brother, both which he had in very precious esteem. Florence requested that those pledges might suffice for the O Sulevans, the O Donoghes, the O Crowlie●, and Omaghon Carbry: But hereunto the Precedent would by no persuasion be drawn to condescend; and that especially for two causes; the one was, that hereby he might draw from Florence this great rabble of Dependants; and the second was, because every of these being compelled to put in pledges for themselves, the Queen might have the stronger assurance of these wavering and slippery Subjects. The Province being reduced to this pass (as you have heard) the Irish having now no other Enemy to oppugn, A skirmish between the Carties and the Oleries. begin to go together by the ears amongst themselves, for certain of Donoghe Moyle Mac Cartie (son to Sir Owen Mac Cartie Reughe) his people, following the tract of some Cows, that had been stolen from them into Muskerry, the Oleries assembled themselves to the number of one hundred or thereabouts, and following the Carties, (who were by this time returned into Carbery;) at last overtook them, and without many words gave the Onset, the other stoutly resisted, between whom there passed a short, but a sharp skirmish, wherein were slain Olerie, Olerie slain. the Head of that Sept, and ten other the chief of his family, with some more of less note, and of the Carties, Finin Mac Owen his Brother dangerously wounded, with some few slain of his part. Cormock Mac Dermond Lord of Muskery, much grieved with the slaughter of the Oleries his Followers, was an earnest Suitor to the Council, that he might be permitted, to revenge this loss upon the Carties in Carbery; some there were that thought it not unfit to accord unto his demands; because which party soever should prevail, yet could not the Queen lose a good Subject: But the Precedent would by no means yield thereunto, lest the hot prosecution of these particular grievances, might kindle the coals of some further mischief, in giving occasion of distaste to the now reconciled Subjects. Redmond Burke being weary of his vagabond life, living like a Wolf upon every one from whence he could take any thing, or rather wittingly foreseeing the ruin and destruction of those his Confederates, which were in rebellion, of whose fortunes he was in all likelihood to be a Partaker, wrote a Letter to the Precedent dated the thirtieth of October, which because it is but short I do here insert. A Letter from Redmond Burke to the Lord Precedent. RIght Honourable, I doubt not the detestable and apparent wrong, that the Earl of Clanrickard hath done me, is manifestly known to your Lordship already, as I need not larger to express it; but this I am sure, that the toleration thereof, and that I would not otherways been caused to run this course, and if there were any hope of redress, that I would long ere this be a Subject, and will now show myself worthy to be accepted, if I be entertained, and my Father's Lands seized into your Honour's hands, till my Title be tried; This Country of Ely being in your Honour's Province, is a parcel to whom I make claim, wherein I would expect your Honour to right me first: And thus requesting your Honour to accept my service, and favour my right, I take leave. From Ely the thirtieth of October, 1600. Your Honours as you please. Redmond Letrim. The Precedent much misliking the tenor of his Letter, as well for other reasons, as for capitulating for the Country of Ely O carrel, before he had by his service merited any favour; and lastly, for the slight subscription, Your Honours as you please, returned him no Answer in writing, utterly refusing any further traffic with him, it being his custom not to deal with Traitors upon Conditions. CHAP. XVI. The Lord President sueth for a general Pardon for the Provincials. The Submission of Thomas Oge Fits Gerald, and the rendering of Castle M●nge. The Castle of ●●stoell besieged and taken. The Castle of the Dingle rendered. In the beginning of November, a strong castle in Connilogh (which was held by james fits Thomas) was surprised by our Forces, so as he had no other Castle at his devotion left, but Castle Mange. The fourth of November, 4. Novemb. Thomas Oge fits Gerald, Constable of Castle Mange The submission of Thomas Oge fits Gerald, and the rendering of Castle Mange. (for james fits Thomas) having evermore had a better affection unto the young Earl of Desmond james (lately sent by her Majesty into Ireland, as hath been declared) upon the Earl's entreaty and persuasions, came to Kilmallock, and there made tender of the said Castle unto the Earl, for her Majesty's use. The Earl the next day brought him to Moyallo to the Precedent, where he made his submission, and direction was sent to Sir Charles Wilmot for the receipt of the said Castle. Sir Charles Wilmott knowing that Fits Maurice the Lord of Lixnaw, had only one Castle called Listoell, The Castle of 〈◊〉 besieged and taken. wherein to shelter himself, finding no other means to compass the same, determined to besiege it, and intimated so much to the Precedent by his Letters, requesting his advice and allowance therein, who returned answer, That he desired nothing more, then to have that Castle gotten for the Queen, and for the manner, left the managing thereof wholly to his discretion. He sat down before it upon the fifth of November, 5. Novemb. attempting to get it by a Mine; in the which after he had wrought five or six days, and brought it underneath the Castle wall, being ready to make a bed for the placing of the powder, suddenly the spring broke forth in such abundance, as that work became fruitless: thereupon new ground was sought, which proved good, the foundation of the Castle was undermined, as far as the midst of the Seller, which the Ward perceiving, made humble suit to be permitted to depart with their lives, which Sir Charles absolutely refused; but if they would simply render themselves, the Castle and all things in it to his discretion, he would then stay further proceeding in his work, otherwise they might look within very few hours to be blown up. The Ward which were eighteen in number, came forth, and upon their knees submitted themselves unto him, whom he caused to be apprehended; the women and small children he suffered to depart, of the weaponed men he hanged nine, so many of ours being lost at the Siege, which continued more than three weeks; the residue he detained, until he had acquainted the Precedent with all these accidents, who gave present order for the execution of the rest; for they had been all of them formerly protected, except one Sir Dermond Mac Brodie, a Priest, whose life was saved upon this occasion: It fortuned that within this Castle, at the rendering thereof, there was unknowen to Sir Charles, the Lord of Lixnawes eldest son, being a child of five years of age; the Warders upon their coming forth, disarrayed this child of all his clothes, and having besmeared his face with dust and dirt, committed him to an old woman, who bringing the Infant naked and disfigured at her back, conveyed him away without suspicion. Sir Charles receiving advertisement of this escape, sent out some Soldiers, and some Provincials, (whom he most trusted) for the recovery of him, but in vain they all returned with lost labour: at last he bethought himself, that peradventure some of the prisoners could direct him in the pursuit, and questioning the Priest concerning the Child: He answered, that he could best resolve him, for that himself had given direction to the woman where she should bestow the child, till she might deliver him to his Father: Why then, saith Sir Charles, will you not conduct me to him? Know you not, that it is in my power to hang you, or to save you? Yes, and I assure you, if you will not guide me to the place where he lieth hidden, I will cause you to be instantly hanged: The Priest answered, That it was all one to him, whether he died this day, or to morrow; but yet if he might have his Word, for the sparing of his own life, and the child's, he would reveal his knowledge; otherways the Governor might do his pleasure. Sir Charles, though very unwilling to grant the Priest his life, yet the earnest desire he had to get the child into his hands, caused him to agree thereto. The Priest being put into a Handlocke, is sent with a Captain, and a good Guard of Soldiers about this business, who guided them to a Wood six miles from the Castle, by reason of thick briers and thorns, almost unpassible, in the midst whereof there is a hollow Cave within the ground, not much unlike by description to Cacus his den, or the mouth of Avernus, in which desolate place they found that old woman, and this young child, whom they brought to the Governor, and the Priest and child w●re shortly after sent to the Precedent. In this Castle were gotten all the Lord of Lixnaw his goods, besides store of provision for the War, who were plentifully provided for six months with such kind of victual as the Country yieldeth; and it was said, that the Baron himself would have set up his rest in this Castle, which he held impregnable against any force, (the Cannon excepted;) but it should seem his heart failed him, no less than his expectation. While these things were in doing, Sir Richard Percy drew his Company forth of Kinsale into Kinalmekagh, A prey taken in Kinalmekagh. and there took a prey of two hundred Cows, and got the kill of some Rebels. In the beginning of this Month William fits Gerald, the Knight of Kerry, came to the Precedent with a Letter in his favour from Sir Charles Wilmot, dated the thirtieth of October, wherein he witnessed for him, that (ever since he was received under protection) he had demeanded himself, not only like a good Subject, in doing no harm, but that he had endeavoured (to his uttermost) to annoy the Enemy, and had lately in token of his obedience, delivered unto Sir Charles his Castle at the Dingle: The Castle of the Dingle rendered. This testimony wrought so much with the Precedent, as he used him very kindly, and returned him home with great contentment. Not long after the landing of the young Earl of Desmond in Ireland, the minds of the Provincials were much distracted, every one fearing what might be the success thereof. But after a little while it appeared that he was able to do but little. To the end that the Reader might see, that at the first it did breed some distraction; I do here insert a Letter unto Tyrone from Cormocke Mac Dermond, the Lord of the large Country of Muskry, who was never personally in actual Rebellion, neither afore, nor after the Spaniards arrival; the copy of which Letter came not to the Precedents hands, until the latter end of the year one thousand six hundred and two, and he then pardoned, wherein it doth evidently appear, what cankered hearts the better sort of Subjects, did bear to the Crown of England, and the English government. CHAP. XVII. A Letter from Cormocke Mac Dermond unto Tyron●. The Abbey of Rat●o burned, and fourti● of the Bonoghs slain. One thousand Bonoghs levied by Florence Mac Cartie. Connaght and Ulster men change their Resolution, for the invading of Monster, and th● cause why. Dermond O Conner murdered by Theobald ne Long Burke. A 〈◊〉 f●●m the Ea●le of Clanrika●d to Theobald ne Long. A Letter from Cormock Mac Dermond unto Tyrone. I Have received your Letter of the twentieth of September, and do thank you for the great trust you repose in me, which by the help of God shall be by me discharged to the uttermost of my power; But the English have (in these parts) so much prevailed (by the sinister false dealing of the Connaght men) as the Precedent hath taken Pledges of most of the Gentlemen, and men of power in these parts. And besides, we are so weak in men, as that we are out of necessity constrained to yield to the yoke of the English Heretics, from the which we pray God to deliver us, according to our hearts desire; and therefore do hope you will bear with our present necessities, being ready at all times to obey your directions, when you shall be able to send us help; but because that we shall neither deceive you or ourselves, we do pray you to send us word, what numbers you will send us, and by what time, that accordingly we may make ourselves ready, to give you our best assistance: But of one thing I think good to give you particular notice, which is, not to put any confidence in any of Monster, of the English Nation; for whatsoever they profess or protest unto you, they mean not to deal faithfully with us, but will forsake us in our greatest need. The newe● of these parts are, that the Son of Geralt the late Earl is arrived, unto whom, his Father's old Followers do much resort; he is an Heretic, yet nevertheless (by the help of the English) he will do us great harm: The right Earl of Desmond is forsaken of all men, and not able to make Head, and the less hope of his rising again by the coming of young james, who is the Queen's Earl, and hath a Patent for his Earldom; I pray your speedy Answer; in the mean time, I will dissemble with the Precedent, who deals sharply with us; the Letter which you sent with these to Mac Carty More, I have sent unto him by a Messenger of my own, who is lately agreed with the Precedent, and so we are deceived in him, and therefore he is not to be firmly trusted with the commandment of all the Clan- Carties. Cormocke Cartie. Sir Charles Wilmot (in the mean time) ma●ching to an Abbey in Kerry called Ratho, The Abbey of Ratho burned, and forty of the Bownoghs slain by Sir Charles Wilmot. near unto Lixnaw, as soon as his Colours were descried, was fired by the Enemy that lodged there; from thence with his Horse only he marched ●o Tralie, where he found one hundred Bonoghs of the O●●●llies, among whom was Moriertagh Mac Shighie, and three or four more of the lurking Earl's chiefest Followers on horseback; our Horse charged them, the Horsemen (by flight) saved themselves, but of the ●oo●e there was slain about forty dead in the place, the rest by the ●avour of a neighbouring bog, and the Mountain at hand escaped, but all their Arms were left to our shares. The perpetual juggling which Florenc● Mac Cartie continued towards the Lord Precedent, A thousand Bownoghs levied by Florence Mac Carty. I have so often touched as it needs no other proof; but for the better Testimony of his ill ●ffection to the State, even now when the Sugan Earl was in the estate of a fugitive, hiding himself from the sight of men, Florence (as the Lord Precedent was advertised from Sir Charles Wilmot) had raised one thousand Bownoghs to be placed upon Desmond, four hundred u●on Kerry, and six hundred upon Carbry, and concludes with these words: Viz. assuredly he purposeth to be a Villain, though he could be contented to live in neutrality, as he doth, if he could carry it cleanly: Also at that time the Baron of Lixnaw (who was banished Kerry) was by him relieved in Desmond; but observe well I beseech you this wavering and unsettled companion, who not knowing which way either to be a Subject or Rebel, not many days afterwards (as shall be said) came to the Precedent, with a smooth countenance full of Loyalty, but inwardly the same man he had ever been. Nothing was more common now in Monster, Connaght and Ulster men being ready to invade Monster suddenly broke their resolution▪ and the cause why. than a bruit of the strangers from Connaght and Ulster, coming to invade the Province with two thousand men, and hereof the Precedent received daily advertisement from the Earl of Thomond, the Lord Barry, justice Comerford and others; and to verify the same, Pierce Lacie was come into the borders of Kilquig, and had preyed Glanogre, a Town belonging to Sir George Bourchier, Master of the Ordnance, being a parcel of his Signiory, and then in farm to Alexander Fitton; this caused the Precedent to assemble the greatest part of his Forces to Kilmallock, attending there to behold what should become of this Cloud which threatened such a dangerous Tempest, which at length vanished without any great disturbance; for about the midst of this Month, they withd●●w themselves into Ormond, within the Liberty of tipperary; the cause why they departed, before they had made any Bonfires in Monster (which was their errand) as I have since learned, was two fouled. First because Redmond Burke could by no means be drawn into the Province, being in expectation of great favour from the Precedent, as appeareth by his Letters sent about this time, which because it is but short, and yet apparently declareth this truth; I thought not unfit here to be recited in his own words. RIght Honourable, I would long ere this be a Subject, and will now show myself worthy to be accepted, if I be entertained, and my Father's Lands seized into your Honour's hands, till my Title be tried; this Country of Ely O carrel being in your Honour's Province, is a parcel whereto I make claim, wherein I would expect your Honour to right me first; and thus requesting your Honour to accept my service, and favour my right, I take leave this ninth of November, 1600. Your Honours as you please, Redmond Letrim. The Precedent, to hold Redmond (as I conceive) in some hope, that he might not join with the Northern Forces (then expected to come into Monster,) returned him answer to this effect, That his Demands seemed to be somewhat reasonable, and that he was very sorry, that it was not fully in his power to accomplish his request; Notwithstanding there was no doubt, but upon his Letters already dispatched to the Council of England, and to the Lord Deputy in his behalf, such order should be taken, as he should hold himself well satisfied; and surely whether the Precedent dealt plainly, and bona fide with the said Redmond, or whether he fed him with good words only (like a Courtier) to serve his own turn, (I know not;) but if I might deliver my poor opinion, I think him to have received some hard measure, (I mean in respect of his Father's Lands, upon whomsoever the fault lieth; but to return. This Redmond commanding the greatest part of the Forces now assembled, depending this much upon the Precedents favour, (as by his Letter appeareth) could by no allurements of these Monster Rebels, be enticed to commit any outrage within that Province: An other cause why these Rebels thus assembled came no further up into Monster, was, because the wand'ring Earl james fits Thomas, who should have given them Bonnaght in the Province, knowing that Lixnaw, Redmond Burke, Pierce Lacie, and all of them were grown weary of the Rebellion, and that the Precedent had commerce with all those, durst not commit himself into their power, they being so strong, and he so poor and weak, fearing left they should have delivered him, (being the mark the Precedent chiefly aimed at) to work their own peace. Dermond O Conner Dermond O Conner murdered by Theobald ne Long Burke. having now heard that the young Earl of Desmond (his Brother in law) was arrived in Monster (according to the Precedents promise to him made, that he should come) was desirous that he should repair thither, with intent to do some acceptable service for her Majesty; which being made known by the Lady Margaret his wife, the Lord Precedent sent him a Safeconduct for himself and his followers, and procured the like from Sir Arthur Sa●age, the chief Commissioner in Connaght, and also from the Earl of Clanrickard, to secure his passage through his Country, and for his better safety, he sent an hundred Foot to guard him as soon as he should enter into Thomond: He being now past Clanrickard, and coming to Oshafnesses Country, within seventeen or eighteen miles of Limerick, Theobald ne Long Burke, who had a Company of an hundred Foot in her Majesty's pay, (notwithstanding all his Safeguards) assaulted him, who for his safety, retired into an old Church, burned it over his head, and in coming forth of the same, he killed about forty of his men, and took him prisoner, and the morning following cut off his head: which being done, Theobald sent to the Earl of Clanrickard for a protection, pretending that what he did, was done in rev●nge of his Cousin the Lord Burkes death: But the Earl misliking the Action, in stead of a Protection, returned him this Letter ensuing. A Letter from the Earl of Clanrickard, to Theobald ne Long Burke. I Do understand that you have yesternight assaulted Dermond O Conner and his Company, which is both a very mighty impeachment of Her Majesty's word, in respect the Gentleman had her gracious Protection and safe Conduct, from the Lord Precedent of Monster, and the Governor of this Province, for his safe passing, and a perpetual slander and abuse unto me and my posterity, considering the Gentleman was ceased in my Country, and had my word at my very good Lord, the Lord Precedent of Mounsters' request, and the Governor of this Provinces direction, which I little expected to be by you resisted, but rather imagined your coming into the Country, to do better service upon Her Majesty's enemies, which are daily threatening to come for us on all sides. But if in lieu thereof your service be to murder a Gentleman that is drawn for good considerations, tending the advancement of Her Majesty's service, contemn her gracious protection which he hath, and offer the Lord Precedent of Monster, the Governor of this Province, and myself, the mightiest wrong and abuse that may be, I take it, such a coruse as I do not doubt, yourself and your house to be thereby ever overthrown, and everlastingly live hopeless of any favour 〈◊〉 kindness of me, except you take such apt and present course, as to send the Gentleman unto me released, and all the rest of his people, as many as you have in hand of them, with a full restitution of their goods; otherways think of me as the greatest Enemy you have in this world, which with the permission of God, I will make you and yours feel, if you urge me thereunto; and so expecting to see the Gentleman from you with expedition without hurt, I leave Doiehoway the four and twentieth of October, 1600. Your very loving Kinsman if you will, Vlick Clanrickard. Whilst Dermond was in Rebellion, he received no prejudice by Theobald ne Long; but now (being as he knew) a man fast linked to the State, and able to perform extraordinary service, he is treacherously murdered to the great dishonour of Her Majesty, in violating Her word, solemnly and advisedly given: The Lord President was exceedingly incensed, against the Actors, Abettors and Procurers of this murder; writing his Letter both to the Lords of Her Majesty's privy Council in England, and also to the Lord deputy, and Council of Ireland, signifying how much Her Majesty's honour was blemished and the Service hindered, by this malicious and hateful murder; who considering of the fact, besides sharp rebukes and reprehensions, the Lord deputy was commanded presently to cashier and discharge him both of his Command and Entertainment. CHAP. XVIII. Sessions held at Limericke, cassel, and clonmel. The Lord President and the Earl of Ormond meet at clonmel. Muskry, Quirk and Arlogh burnt and spoilt by the Army. The submission of the Burkes and the Obryens. The narrow escape of james fits Thomas, and Dermond Mac Craghe, the Pope's Bishop of Cork. In what good estate the Province of Monster stood. Mac Awley preyed by Sir Francis Barkley. A Marriage practised between the Lady jone Fitz Gerald and O donnel, but prevented by the Lord Precedent. NOtwithstanding, the retiring of these Rebels as you have heard; yet the Precedent thought it meet, to spend some time in those parts before his Army should be reduced: In consideration whereof, finding it expedient for furtherance of her Majesty's service, that Sessions of Gaol delivery should be held (as often as conveniently they might) that the Course of civil justice might again be renewed, whereunto of late years they had not been accustomed, the eighteenth of November 18. Nou. his Lordship left Kilmallock, and marched to Limerick, Sessions held at Limerick, cassel, and clonmel. where he kept Sessions, from thence to Cashell, and so to clonmel, in both which places he did the like, doing exemplary justice upon such Rebels, as had afore been apprehended thereabouts. During the Sessions holden at Limerick (as aforesaid) the Precedent sent a message to the Earl of Ormond, signifying unto him his purposed coming to clonmel, wherein also he besought his Lordship, that if it might stand with his leisure and good liking, it would please him to make a journey that way, to the intent that upon their meeting, some conference might be had about divers particularities concerning the service. The Earl accorded both to time and place, which was at clonmel: The six and twentieth of November, 26. Nou. amongst other matters (there consulted betwixt them) the Precedent moved the Earl about some present order to be taken, The Lord President & the Earl of Ormond meet at Clonmell. for the prosecution of those Rebels, that had (now for a good space) remained without impeachment in the borders of Ormond in Typperarie; and for so much as his Lordship peradventure had not sufficient Forces to displant them, he offered his own service, with such Companies as he had there assembled, being the greatest part of the Army of Monster: The Earl either unwilling to have the Precedent set foot within his Liberty, or else desirous himself to have the sole honour of that service; did entreat the Precedent to satisfy himself concerning that business, for he would undertake it; and that within few days, to make them repent that ever they set foot within his Liberty; which I think had immediately been performed, had not the immature death of his most virtuous and honourable Lady: (the lamentable tidings whereof were now brought him to clonmel, oppressing his aged heart with immeasurable sorrow) caused the same for a time to be deferred. This service therefore thus undertaken by the Earl; December. Muskry-quirke, and Arloghe burnt, preyed, and spoilt by the Army. the Precedent having received certain information, that the Monster Fugitives were harboured in those parts, having before burned all the Houses and Corn, and taken great preys in Owny Omulrian, and Kilquig, a strong and fast Country, not far from Limerick, diverted his Forces into East Clanwilliam, & Muskry-quirke where Pierce Lacie had lately been succoured, and harrasing the Country, killed all mankind that were found therein, for a terror to those as should give Relief to runagate Traitors; thence we came into Arloghe Woods, where we did the like, not leaving behind us man, or beast, Corn or Cattle, except such as had been conveied into Castles: The prosecution of this Service was committed to the care of Captain Francis Slingesby, The submission of the Burkes and Obrienss. who had under his Command five hundred foot; whereupon the Burkes and Briens (that inhabited those places) came all upon their knees, beseeching to be received into Her Majesty's gracious Protection, and promising to do service upon any Rebels that should hide themselves in those Woods; who putting in their pledges were received to mercy. In this journey it chanced there was a youth taken Prisoner, The narrow escape of james fits Thomas, and Dermond Mac Craghe, the Pope's Bishop of Cork. who had lately before been servant to the imagined Earl, who being brought to the Precedent and examined, took upon him to bring our Forces to the place where his Master was: The Earl of Thomond, Sir George Thornton, and Captain Roger Harvy with their Companies following the direction of this Guide, were conducted to Lisbarry, a parcel of Drumfinnim woods; no sooner were they entered into the Fastness, but presently the Sentinels which were placed in the skirt of the wood, raised the cry, which as it should seem, roused the counterfeit Earl of Desmond, and Dermond Mac Craghe the Pope's Bishop of Cork, who were lodged there in a poor ragged cabin: Desmond fled away barefoot, having no leisure to pull on his shoes, and was not discovered: but Mac Craghe was met by some of the Soldiers clothed in a simple mantle, and torn trowses, like an aged Churl; and they neglecting so poor a creature not able to carry weapon, suffered him to pass unregarded: upon the end of this journey (by the wi●e and painful proceedings of the Precedent, (God's blessing always accompanying the same) it came to pass, that there was not one Castle in Monster held out against the Queen; Nay, which was more, it was not known that there were five Rebels in a company throughout the Province, nor any one of note except these five (lost sheep) the children of perdition, james fits Thomas, and his Brother, Lixnaw, Pierce Lacie, and the Knight of the Glinne, who lay lurking in desert, uncouth, and unknowen places; yet notwithstanding there were divers vagabonds and loose people dispersed in sundry corners, for whom no man would undertake, that lived by stealth and badroagues, disquieting the good Subjects, being the relics of the rebellion. The Precedent by his Letters dated the fifteenth signified unto the Lords of the Council, In what good estate the province of Monster was. that now the Province was so much overawed by her Majesty's Forces, that unless Northern Rebels came to infest it, or that the Spaniards did invade it, he was well able to contain the Provincials in obedience; 15. Decemb. and although five hundred of his List was already cashiered, he would at any time lend the Lo. deputy one thousand Foot to serve in Linster, but with this caution (for countenance sake) that they might be evermore (in estimation) of the List of Monster; which if the Reader do well observe, he shall find that the prosecution of the service in that Province, had successes beyond expectation: for in May last, when the Precedent first took the field, the Rebels were no less than seven thousand strong, and now the Subject's Cattle day and night lay abroad in the fields, no Body of Rebels united, and not one castle in all the province that did withstand her Majesty: This was the work of God, and unto him only it must be attributed. Her Majesty (as hath been said) did by her Letters to the Precedent command, that one Company of one hundred Foot should be cashiered for the sustentation of the young Earl of Desmond, and of others which were mentioned in that Letter: The Lords of the Council likewise by their Letters bearing date the tenth of November, required the Precedent to see the same performed; which being done accordingly (as was directed) the Precedent by his Letters of the twentieth of this December, 20. Decemb. made an account how the partition was made; Now you must understand, that although one hundred Foot was discharged for the maintenance of the Earl, and the rest, yet her Majesty's meaning was not that more should be turned to that use, than the ready money which was paid to the Company yearly for their Lend, for their apparel was saved unto her Majesty, the yearly lend of one hundred men amounts unto no more than seven hundred eighty two pound, two shillings, and ten pence. The Archbishop of cassel, who was a principal Agent in stirring up Dermond O●Conner to make the attempt he did upon the titulary Earl, had for his share, one hundred twenty one pound, thirteen shillings and three pence; john Power, who was one of the Hostages, (as hath been related) had thirty six pound ten shillings; the Lady Ellis, sister to the Earl, had thirty three pound, six shillings, eight pence, which was as much as her other sisters formerly had in pension from her Majesty: the Lady Margaret, the Earl's sister also, and wife to Dermond O Conner, (in regard of her forwardness to have done the Queen service) had an hundred pound, and the remainder, which was five hundred forty pound, twelve shillings ten pence, was to the Earls own use. About the eighteenth of the same, Sir Francis Barkley Mac Awly preyed upon by Sir Fra: Barkley. finding good cause, and fit opportunity to plague Mac Awley, (and his Tenants, who under protection, relieved the heartbroken Rebels) with the Garrison which he commanded at Askeiton, he harrassed all the Country of Clanowlie, and took from thence one thousand Cows, two hundred Garrans, besides Sheep and other spoil, and had the kill of many Traitors, which harboured themselves in the bogs and woods thereof. CHAP. XIX. The Mayor of Limerick fined and imprisoned, and a new Mayor elected. A Letter from the Spanish Archbishop of Dublin to james fits Thomas. The Sheriffs' men slain by Florence Mac Cartie. The Lord President persuadeth Florence to go into England. Florence seemeth to like of the motion, and the use he made of it. THE Country being now reduced to that outward obedience and conformity (as you have heard) the Precedent and Council returned unto Moyallo the thirteenth of December, where they had some leisure to look in the Corporate Towns, whom they found to be principal aiders, abettors, and upholders of this unnatural Rebellion, which proceeded partly out of malice to the State for matters of Religion, but principally for their own benefit; for in these turbulent times, the greatest part of the Queen's Treasure sent over into this Kingdom, is expended by the Captains and Soldiers amongst them: Again, they issue their Merchandise to the Rebels (underhand) at very excessive rates, and buy the Country Commodities at their own prizes; by reason whereof it was probably conjectured upon good grounds, that the Towns of Monster were more inritched within these three years of War, than they were before almost in twenty years of peace. Another thing also at this time was noted in the Towns, namely, that all the chief Cities made choice of professed Lawyers to be their Ma●ors, Magistrates, and chief Officers, and such as before were Ring leaders of their Corporations. These prepensed Elections, whether they were made for fear, left they should be called to account for their former faults, both in assisting the Rebels, and resisting the Soldiers, or to maintain the Towns in obstinate superstition, which before was much augmented by these Instruments, or for some other hidden cause, known only to themselves, I cannot certainly determine, but sure I am it proceedeth not from any loyal or dutiful disposition. Amongst these lawless Lawyers thus elected, there was one Geoffrey galway, Major of Limerick, a man that had spent many years in England, in studying of the Common Laws, and returning into Ireland about three years since, did so pervert that City by his malicious counsel, and perjurious example, that he withdrew the Major, Aldermen, and generally the whole City from coming to the Church, which before they sometimes frequented. Moreover, about a year since there happened an affray in Limricke, between the Soldiers and some of the Town, at what time this galway came to the then Major, advising him to disarm all the Soldiers, and told him, that all their lives were in the Major's hands, and at his mercy, whereby a gap was most apparently opened by him, to have induced a wicked and barbarous massacre upon her Majesty's Forces. With this man therefore did the Precedent take occasion to enter into the Lists, upon a manifest contempt offered unto his Office and Government, as followeth: It came to pass, that a Soldier of the Earl of Thomonds' Company, was imprisoned by the said Major, for a supposed Petty Larceny of a Hatchet. The Precedent (being upon his journey against the Rebels, that were now reported to have invaded the Province) required to have the said Soldier delivered unto him, that he might receive a present trial, and punishment for his default, if he were found guilty, or else to repair to his Colours, and to go the journey. The Major before he would deliver the Prisoner, desired that he might confer with his Brethren; This being granted, he returned answer, that it was not thought fit by the Corporation to release the prisoner, except his Lordship would make a Warrant, enjoining and commanding them so to do. The Precedent and Council being assembled, a Warrant was framed, signed, and directed to the Major: but this Warrant was deemed unsufficient, and therefore desired to have the same amended in certain particulars, which without difficulty was yielded unto, and a second and a third framed according to the Majors own directions; and thus did he dally until he saw the Precedent ready to leave the Town, some part of the Army being already upon their March, at which time the Major came to the Precedent, and utterly rejected all those Warrants, affirming that the Authority given them by the Charter, did sufficiently exempt them from the jurisdiction and Command of the Precedent and Council: The Precedent much scorning to be thus deluded and dallied withal, told the Major, that he would shortly find a time to call him to an account for his contempt offered, not against his Person, but against her Majesty and her Government established in the Province: Who being now returned from the Service, (as you have heard) and abiding at Moyallo, directed his Warrant to the said galway, commanding him upon his Allegiance, that he should immediately appear before him and the Council at a day assigned at Moyallo, to answer unto such things as should be objected against him on her Majesty's behalf; where making his appearance, he was censured to live as a prisoner in a Castle in the Country, The Major of Limerick fined and imprisoned, and a new Major elected. and not to come into the City of Limricke, until he had paid a fine to her Majesty of four hundred pound sterling, which was designed for the reparation of Her Majesty's Castle there; which sum was employed afterward to that use; and lastly, that a new Major should be placed in his room. The Townsemen presently sent an Agent (as their manner is) to make suit unto the Council of England, seeking to abuse their Lordships with counterfeit humility and false suggestions, to get abatement either in whole or in part of this fine aforesaid; but therein they failed of their expectation, and having received a check for their proud contumacy against the Precedent, they were commanded from the Court. The one and twentieth of this Month of December, 21. Decem. Sir Richard Percy Kinalm●kaghe preyed by Sir Richard Percy. sent sixty of his Garrison at Kinsale into Kinalmekaghe, Omaghons' Country, to get the prey of the same, whereunto he was encouraged by one who promised to guide them, so as they should not miss of all the Cows in the same; Dermond Moyle Mac Cart●e Florence his Brother, and Moylmo Omaghon the chief of his Sept, having some intelligence of their coming, with three hundred Foot and some Horse, assailed them, not doubting but to have cut all their throats; for the space of two hours a good skirmish was maintained; but the Rebels not finding the Defendants to be Chikins, to be afraid at the sight of every cloud or kite, with some loss (of slain and hurt men) soberly retreated: of the Garrison of Kinsaile only two private men were hurt, yet they returned ill pleased for that they miss of the booty expected. About this time the Spanish Archbishop of Dublin wrote unto the lurking ritulary Earl of Desmond, the Copy whereof I do here verbatim relate, translated out of Latin. A Letter from the Spanish Archbishop of Dublin to james fits Thomas. MY most Honourable good Lord, having long desired a fit opportunity to write unto you, the same i● now offered by M ●. john, whereof I am very glad, that by such a most sure and faithful Messenger I might open my mind to your Lordship; as also to show that most certain and undoubted hope of aid is shortly to come. I would most willingly have come unto your Lordship's presence, which lately I have assayed, and doubtless would have done, unless I had been hindered by these Lords, which told me that present and imminent dangers were to be feared in my journey, unless I had an Army of soldiers to conduct me; and now (but that there is a necessity of my returning into Spain) I would have come to you in the company of Master john; He m●aneth john fits Thomas brother to the titulary Earl. But I hope that most speedily and most fortunately I shall return unto you again: In the mean time I have pretermitted nothing which might tend to your profit, aswell to our Catholic Master, as any other whosoever, which now also in Spain I will perform; I would therefore entreat your excellency, that you would be of a good courage together with all other of your faction; and that you would fight constantly and valiantly for the faith and the liberty of your Country, knowing and firmly hoping, that the help of my Lord the Catholic King, is now coming, which when it cometh, all things shall be prosperous, and will place you in your former liberty and security, that ye may possess your desired peace and tranquillity: The Almighty conserve your Lordship in safety long to continue. From Donegall the thirteenth of january, 1601. The Province of Monster standing now in these good terms of Obedience and Conformity (as you have heard) the Precedent thought good for the diminution of Her Majesty's charge to spare some part of those Forces, which at first were allotted unto him for this service; and therefore besides those five hundred which were of late cashiered by direction from the Lord Deputy; he was contented to spare one thousand more to be disposed for the wars of Linster, or other places near adjoining, conditionally that they might remain upon the List of Monster, aswell to countenance his proceedings, as also that he might call them back upon any occasion, if new broils should be raised; and so in effect reduced the Army of that Province to fifteen hundred Foot and two hundred Horse. You hear before, that the Earl of Ormond upon conference with the Precedent, undertook to drive Redmond Burke, and the other Rebels his associates out of his liberty of Ormond, within the liberty of Tipperary, which although he oftentimes assayed to effect, yet it sorted not to his desired end, until the beginning of this Month of january, january. at which time he employed the Lord of Dunboyne, Sir Walter Butler his Nephew, and Captain Marberry, with such forces as he had (of Her Majesties and the Country) to so good purpose, that besides forty fight men that were presently slain, and amongst them Thomas Burke, brother to the said Redmond, and the Arms of thirty more gotten, they forced Redmond and all his Company into the river of Nore, being at that time very high, and there drowned seventy of his men with their arms, besides divers Churls and all their baggage; certain persons were also taken in this service, amongst whom was john Burke, brother to the said Redmond, who was shortly after executed in Kilkenny, and William Burke an other of his brethren, grievously wounded. But to return to the Precedents actions, who desirous that the Country might grow acquainted with the civil government, whereunto of late it had been a stranger, thought it convenient, that the Sheriffs being necessary officers for the State, should look into the Country, aswell to find out such ill disposed Malefactors, and idle Vagabonds, as were pernicious to the government, as also to levy at reasonable rates, such provisions as the Country yieldeth, and the Garrisons wanted: for this cause john Barry, the Sheriff of the County of Cork, made a journey unto some of Florence Mac Cartie The Sheriff's men slain by Flor. Mac Gartie. his lands, who no sooner entered into his Country (as he termed it) but presently he was resisted; and before he could make his retreat, some of his men were murdered; the like measure was also offered to some of the Garrison of Kerry, who had no sooner set foot beyond the Mang, a River that parteth Kerry and Desmond; but they were instantly assaulted by Florence his Followers, and two of his soldiers slain. The Precedent receiving Advertisement of these malicious and traytourly practices of Florence (still continued) was exceeding desirous (according unto directions sent him out of England) to get him into his hands, if it might be effected, without putting the Queen to a further charge, which without some temporising could not as yet conveniently be performed: For Florence Florence his excuses received for truths. finding himself to have notoriously incurred several breaches of his former protection, wrote divers Letters unto the Precedent, in excuse of these facts, the same being stuffed (as his phrase was) with damnable oaths, and execrable blasphemies, that himself was never acquainted with the former slaughters, and that his people were strangely overseen therein, who mistaking the Soldiers for the Sheriff's men, and the Sheriff's men for Traitors, committed those offences at unawares. Answer was remissed by the Precedent, that the State was well persuaded of his loyalty and innocence, touching these disorders, and therefore requested him very earnestly to make his repair unto him, that he might by his presence and advice, the better find out and punish those malefactors; but by no means or ways could he be drawn forth of his strong Country of Desmond, before he had gotten his protection to be renewed; a plain demonstration of his guilty conscience. Not long after, upon his repair to the Precedent, he moved him to go for England, The L. Precedent persuadeth Florence to go into England. laying before his judgement divers commodities that might thereby accrue unto him: First, he should prove these suggestions to be untrue, which some of his Enemies had buzzed into the ears of the Council of England, That he was a vowed enemy to the English Government, and a devoted friend in his heart to the Spanish King. Secondly, that by his own presence (with the Council) he might get that Country of Desmond confirmed unto him, which he now held rather by courtesy then by right. And lastly, that the Queen's Majesty might understand (out of his mouth) the present estate of that Province, to whose relation (as he verily thought) she would give attentive ear and credit: All this was urged, to the end, that the Province might be rid of so dangerous a member, who was most likely to breed new commotions: This Gentleman smelling the Precedents drift, pretended himself to be most willing, Florence seemeth to like of the motion, but meaneth nothing less, and the use he made of it. and for that purpose would return into Desmond, and when his necessaries were provided he would speedily proceed in his journey for England. Within certain days after, he sent Messengers to the Precedent, signifying unto him, that the Country of Desmond was so poor and beggarly, as it could not possibly afford him means for such necessaries as he needed for his journey, and therefore requested his Lordship's Letters unto the chief Gentlemen of Carbery, that they would be contributors unto him in a business that did so nearly concern him: All this being granted and effected, he neither went forward, nor did he purpose at all to go, as the sequel of his doings manifestly declared. CHAP. XX. The Lord President advertiseth into England of the intended invasion of the Spaniards. Demands made by the Lord Precedent for Money, Munition, Victuals. A Letter from Her Majesty to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, to pardon all such as the Lord Precedent should nominate, certain persons excepted as uncapable of pardon. A certain branch of the Lords of the Counsels Letters to the Lord Precedent. THE Precedent having (as is said) reduced Monster to good terms of obedience, and had promised to lend the Lord Deputy at any time one thousand 〈◊〉 for the service of Linster; yet he still insisted that they might remain as part of the List of Monster: 〈◊〉 to that end; upon the thirteenth of january, 13. january. he wrote unto the Lords of the Council in England: The Precedent adverti seth into England of the intended invasion of the Spaniards. Also he advertised their Lordships that undoubtedly the Spaniards would invade Ireland; for testimony whereof, he sent unto them many advertisements, which came unto him out of Spain; and that many Romish Priests and Friars, which are the forerunners of mischiefs in this Country, were lately come into Ireland, to no other end, then to withdraw the hearts of Her Majesty's natural Subjects from Her to the Spaniard. Also for prevention of future mischiefs, that he might not be unprovided (if the kingdom were invaded) although he should have no more than fifteen hundred Foot left in the Province, when he had sent the one thousand promised to the Lord deputy, yet he humbly desired the Lords, that they would be pleased (until Michaelmas next following) to continue the victuals to be sent for Monster, as formerly was accustomed, that is for three thousand two hundred and fifty, and for the same reason of innovation, he besought them to send unto him five Lasts of powder with match and lead, two thousand shovels and spades, 〈…〉, munition & victuals. five hundred pickaxes, and fifty Crows of Iron; and lastly that they would be pleased, to send a competent s●mme of money for the soldiers to live upon; for until the expectation of the coming of Spaniards were passed, he would preserve his victuals untouched. I formerly recounted unto you, that the Precedent by his Letters of the second of November, humbly besought their Lordships, that a general pardon might be granted for the reasons then alleged which (as it seemeth) had good acceptance in England, as by Her Majesty's Letter to the Lord deputy, dated the one and twentieth of December may appear, which came to the Precedents hands the nineteenth of january; the true Copy of which Letter is here inserted. And also for the Lord Deputies farther discharge, a draught of a Warrant to be passed under the Great Seal of Ireland, was sent unto him by Her Majesty. A Letter from her Majesty to the Lord Deputy of Ireland. ELIZABETH R. RIght Trusty and Well-beloved, We greet you well. We understand by such advertisements as we have received from Our Precedent of Our Province of Monster, that it will be very expedient for the reducing of Our Subjects, dwelling in that Our Province to a settled obedience, to grant unto them our general and gracious Pardon, thereby to remove from them all suspicion of impeachment for their former offences, whereunto the greatest part of them have been violently carried, rather by the power of the arch-traytours, then by any wilful defection in their loyalty; We being therefore in Our princely Clemency, graciously pleased, to accept the humble submission of such our Subjects within that Province, as have not out of their desperate and disloyal hearts entered into this horrible action of Rebellion against Us, do think meet, and hereby do will and authorize you, The Lord Deputy to pardon all such as he should no●minate. that from time to time, you cause such general and particular pardons to be passed in due form of Law, under our great Seal of that our Realm, to all and every the Inhabitants of that province, of what condition or estate soever they be, either by ample words of our general Pardon, (as we understand hath been granted to some Counties in Connaght, upon like occasion) or by particular Names of peculiar persons, as by Our said Precedent and Council, or two of them with the Precedent shall be desired of you, excepting out of every pardon such persons, and inserting such Conditions, and Limitations, for our service, as by our said Precedent, and two of our Council shall be thought requisite. And to the end, our people wasted with the misery of these wars, may not be pardoned with expenses in the obtaining their pardons, or putting in Security for our peace, in Causes where it may be needful: Our gracious pleasure is, That the Fees of our Seal, and all other Officers Fees in these cases of our affairs, shall be either wholly remitted, or so moderated by you and Our Council there, that our Subjects may have cause the more dutifully and gladly to embrace our princely Clemency, and Bounty in this our gracious and free Pardon: Nevertheless such is Our detestation of the Treasons, and horrible Murders committed in this Rebellion, that for a perpetual memory in every such pardon, either general or special, there shall be an express exception, Certain persons excepted uncapable of Pardon. that the same extend not to pardon james Fits Thomas, usurping the Title of Earl of Desmond, john his Brother, Pierce Lacie, the Knight of the Valley, nor Thomas Fits Maurice, son to the late Baron of Lixnaw, who are known to have been the ringleaders to many monstrous and unnatural outrages: Neither shall our pardon be available to any of the servants and followers of the persons so excepted, unless those servants and followers shall fully and absolutely submit themselves to our Precedent and Council of that Province, or to some of them to be bound with Sureties for their future Loyalty within twenty days after public proclamation made of this Our gracious Pardon. And for the doing hereof, these Our Letters shall be your sufficient Warrant and Discharge. Given under Our Signet at Our Palace of Westminster this one and twentieth of December, one thousand six hundred, in the three and fortieth year of Our Reign. And at that time he received a Letter from the Lords of the Council, agreeing in substance with that of her Majesties, to the Lord Deputy: Wherefore I hold it needless to set it down at large, only I will recite the first part of it, whereby it is manifested how agreeable the Precedents proceeding was, as well to her Majesty's liking, as to their Lordships. A Branch of the Lords of the Counsels Letters to the Lord Precedent. AFter our very hearty Commendations to your Lordship. We have received your Letters, bearing date the second of November, whereby you have made us an orderly Relation of the state of that Province, whereof we have informed her Majesty, who hath commanded us to give you notice of her most gracious acceptation of your Endeavours, in the whole course of your proceedings, as that which hath proved greatly to her Honour, and the advancement of her Service; wherein as we have been always ready to perform the best offices, in respect of your discreet proceedings towards us in all things: so it doth not a little content us, (for the love we bear you) to be messengers of her Majesty's favour towards you, than which we know you can receive no greater comfort, etc. From the Court at Whitehall the foureteenth of December, 1600. CHAP. XXI. Victuals and money arrived at Cork. One thousand Foot and fifty Horse to be sent out of Monster to the Lord Deputy. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to the Lord Deputy. The Companies sent for by the Lord deputy, and stayed by his directions. The effect of the Lords of the Counsels Letters to the Lord Precedent, with an Abstract of his Letter to the Lords of the Council. THE five and twentieth the Precedent advertised the Lords, 25. january. that there was arrived out of England, Victuals and money arrived at Cork at Cork, a proportion of victuals, and money, and in the same dispatch, he humbly besought their Lordships (for that the Province was in a manner by the long war throughly wasted, and that the Horse having nothing but grass to sustain them, grew weak and unserviceable) That they would be pleased to send (with the best expedition) four hundred quarters of Oats, which should be defalked upon the Horseman's entertainments. Upon the thirtieth, 30. january. the Precedent received Letters from the Lord deputy, 1000 foot, & 50. horse to be sent out of Monster to the Lord deputy. praying him to send for the service of Linster one thousand Foot, whereof the Companies of Sir john Barkley, and Sir Garret Harvies' to be part, and with them Sir Richard Greames troop of Horse: According to this direction, he assembled them at clonmel, and gave the Command of them unto the Lord Awdley; and as they were ready to march, he received advertisement from the Earl of Thomond, that a body of more than three thousand men of Ulster and Connaght, were presently to enter into the Province; whereupon he wrote unto the Lord deputy this ensuing Letter, making stay of the Lord Awdley until he should receive answer thereof. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to the Lord deputy. IT may please your Lordship, I am so infinitely distracted between the earnest desire I have to satisfy your Lordship's commandments, and the present dangers which I see hangs over this Province; if I should observe them, as that I stand amazed, what Council to take, being in myself wholly addicted to obedience, and by necessity (in a manner) enforced to pause upon the same, until I may receive your Lordship's answer to these, and then without farther protraction I will be ready accordingly to observe your commandments; wherein I humbly pray your Lordship deliberately to advise, being (as I take it) especially material for the furtherance of Her Majesty's service. The next day after, I received your Lordship's Letter of the seven and twentieth of january (being the thirtieth of the same) for the better expediting of your directions, I addressed several warrants unto the Captains residing nearest unto me, commanding every of them, to meet at the Towns of Clonmell and Feathered, by the sixth of this Month, there to receive such further directions, as the Lord Awdley (who I have appointed to command them) should direct. The List consists of one thousand and fifty Foot, and Sir Richard Greames Horse, Sir Garret Harvie, lies so far remote in Kerry, as I could not conveniently in so short a time, draw them to the rest: Wherefore, for that particular I humbly pray to be excused: and for Sir john Barklies' Company (who are part of the List abovesaid) I have directed them by warrant according to your Lordship's former pleasure signified unto me, before the receipt of your Lordship's last letters to repair into Connaght, but have now countermanded them, and do hope they are not yet past. Thus your Lordship may see my willingness to obey your directions, which I did as gladly and affectionately as your Lordship can desire. But since having this day received these enclosed Letters from the Earl of Thomond and Master Comerford; I do make humbly bold to present the consideration of them unto your Lordship's wisdom, before I do throughly accomplish your Commandments, wherein my hope is, that your Lordship will both give me thanks, and hold me excused; because the public service doth violently urge me unto it. In my judgement I am persuaded that this intelligence is true, drawn thereunto by many and sundry the like advertisements, from all parts and persons, lately reconciled, whereof I could send your Lordship bundles of papers of divers men's relations, and now confirmed in the same by these enclosed Letters, which as your Lordship sees, threatens the present disturbance of this Province, not yet well settled. Yet nevertheless, that it may appear unto your Lordship, that I am not backward to accomplish any thing, which your Lordship shall require: I do yet continue (though not without some hazard to this Province if these Northern Forces should presently invade us) to send the Companies (aforesaid) to the Rendezvous before mentioned, with directions to remain there until your Lordship shall return me your pleasure in answer of these, and then what you shall prescribe unto me, I will dutifully and carefully effect, assuring myself that your Lordship will have such a special regard to the State of this Province, as that you will not withdraw them, but upon certain knowledge of the untruth of these intelligence. But (as a Councillor to speak my opinion) if your Lordship can other ways follow the prosecution in Lin●ter, without calling Forces from hence, it were very expedient to forbear the same, until this Cloud be overpast, which cannot long hold in suspense; for all the danger is between this and the end of the next Month, after which time until the Cattle be strong, and give milk, there is little doubt: All which humbly referring to your Lordship's better consideration, I rest. Moyallo the second of February, 1600. 2. February. G. C. Not many days after, the Lord Deputy The Companies sent for by the L. Deputy, stayed by his directions. by his Letters so well approved of the reasons, why the Precedent stayed the Lord Audley, as he thanked him for it, and willed him to make Head against the Rebel's descent, and hereafter when they might be better spared, than he prayed him to send them unto him. The effect of the Lords of the Counsels Letters to the Lord Precedent. IAnuary 28. the Lord Precedent received Letters of great comfort from the Lords in England, saying, That they were exceeding glad, to see that in so short a time he had reduced the Province to such terms, as that he could endure the cashiering of five hundred Foot, and spare the Lord deputy one thousand more of his List, which was an evident demonstration of his Labours well spent in the Service; and that his holding of Assizes and Sessions, so long dis-used, was a manifest sign of a new life in the Province; That they had written to the Lord deputy, to call Theobald ne Long Burke in question for the murdering of Dermond O Conner, and had required him to see it punished; That notwithstanding her Majesty's pleasure was signified unto him, that james fits Thomas, his Brother john, the Baron of Lixnaw, the Knight of the Valley, and Pierce Lacie, should not be received to mercy upon any condition, but to be left (as children of perdition) unto destruction, yet considering how long Rebels may continue (by underhand friendships) in Ireland, she was pleased, that the Lord Precedent should have power (if he saw cause to induce him thereunto) to accept of the last three, but with this caution, That they should be pardoned for life only, and that not until they had performed some signal services which might merit such gracious favour. Lastly, they admonished the Precedent to carry a strict hand upon the Commissaries of the Musters; for by Certificate from Dublin, they understood that they were very slack in their duties. The Precedent knowing that it was a matter of no less moment, to retain and keep the Provincials in subjection and good order, than it was at first to reduce them hereunto, employed now a great part of his time, in devising such courses as might secure them from a future revolt, and therefore first resumed into his own hands all power of protecting, and then protested never to renew any protections (already granted) whereby they were constrained to use all celerity and haste for the obtaining their Pardons. In so much, that within less than two Months, (namely before the end of February) the Precedent had recommended above four thousand by name unto the Lord Deputy for Pardons, who had all put in such pledges or other Caution, as by the State of the Province, was thought convenient, which indeed was such and so warily taken, as no Governor in former times had ever done the like: All which notwithstanding, the Precedent could not satisfy himself in the safety of the one, and so consequently in the security of the other, so long as their pledges were remaining in the Cities of Cork, and Limerick, the places of their custody not being of sufficient strength, the Keepers many times negligent or corrupt in their charge▪ and the Citizens so partial, as they had rather help to convey them into the Country, then to retain them within the City: An abstract of the Lord Presidents Letter to the Lords of the Council. for prevention whereof, the Precedent became an humble Suitor to the Lords of the Council of England, that they would be pleased to give commandment, that the Pledges of greatest moment might (by an order from them) be commanded to the Castle of Dublin, which should not be any thing chargeable to Her Majesty, and yet very profitable for the State: As also that they would be pleased to give Commandment to all such Undertakers, as hold land within the Province, that they should make their immediate repair unto their Signiories, that thereby the Country might be the better furnished with English upon any occasion: As also that Her Majesty might from them receive their rents in some part, of that immeasurable treasure which was expended in these Wars. And lastly being fully assured of a Spanish Invasion, in all his dispatches for England: He evermore put the Lords in mind of it, sending unto them the intelligences he had, and for that he would not be taken unprovided, he continually in all his Letters besought supplies of Victuals, and Munition. And for that in his last dispatch, he had entreated a large proportion of Victuals; now in this of the sixth of March 6. March. he forbore the same, requesting only five last of powder, and four hundred quarters of Oats. The young Earl of Desmond, having been tenderly brought up in England, and not well agreeing with the manner and customs of Ireland, and also seeing how much he was deceived in his hopes, supposing that all his Father's Followers would have relied upon him, and obeyed his directions; whereof finding little or no appearance, desired the Lord Precedent to give him leave to go into England, whereunto (for the reasons afore mentioned) the Precedent easily assented; for in all the time of his being in Ireland, no one Rebel did for his sake submit himself to Her Majesty, Thomas Oge of Kerry only excepted, who at his request submitted himself and rendered Castlemange (whereof he was Constable) by james fits Thomas his assignment into Her Majesty's hands, as formerly hath been declared. But it may be truly supposed, that wit and necessity did persuade him to submit, and render the Castle as he did; for Sir Charles Wilmot had so blocked him up with Garrisons, as at that present he was in fear of starving; and if he had not taken the opportunity offered upon the Earl's motion, he was in danger to have lost both his life and it. This I write not to upbraid the Earl, or to lessen him in any thing; for I must confess, he was too good to live amongst such traitorly Followers, and no man living had a more willing desire to serve Her Majesty then himself; but the truth is, that this was all the service which he did or could do during his abode in Monster, from whence he embarked the two and twentieth of March, 22. March. and landed at Miniade in Somerset-shire, and so to the Court of England; where after a few Months he died. The Letters Patents which Her Majesty had granted for his restoration, the Precedent never delivered unto him, where in my opinion he did discreetly, and according to his directions, for they were sent unto him by Her Majesty (with caution) not to deliver them, except he saw sufficient cause so to do, and that his services (or services done for his fake) should merit the same; of both which there was but weak and slender performance. In this first Book the Reader may behold in what a confused estate the Province of Monster was in, when the L. President entered into his government; in the first year whereof these memorable accidents happened: the unfortunate death of Sir Warham St Ledger, the departure of Tyrone out of Monster; The taking of the Earl of Ormond by the rebels; The defeat of Florence Mac Cartie; the loss and recovery of Cahir castle; the submission of the White Knight; the recovery of the Island and castle of Loghgier; the bold attempt of Nugent, and the effects which followed thereof; the burning and spoiling of West Clanwilliam, & Omulrians' country; the taking and escape of james fits Thomas, the titulary Earl of Desmond; the siege and winning of the Castle of the Glinn; the freeing of the Province of 2500 Bownoghs; Odonnels harrasing of Thomond; the encounter betwixt Captain Roger Harvy, and the White Knights son; the planting of garrisons in Kerry; the perpetual juggle of Flo Mac Cartie; the taking of the Castle of Listoell in Kerry; the defeat (by the garrison of Kilmallock) given to the Sugan Earl; the poor and distressed estate he was driven unto; the submission of Dermond Mac Owen, L. of Dowalla, and sundry others; the coming into Monster of the young Earl of Desmond; the submission of Flor. Mac Cartie; the rendering of Castle Mange; the murdering of Dermond O Conner; the burning and spoiling of East Clanwilliam, and Arlogh; the quiet settling of the Province, and the restoring the civil government: Whosoever with indifferency will consider, how much was done in such short time, must acknowledge it to be beyond expectation, and say that God fought for us, and directed our Counsels, otherwise it was not to be hoped for: And had not the coming of the Spaniards, given new interruptions, the work of Monster had been throughly finished: The Province fully reduced to a settled peace, and in all likelihood so to have continued. The end of the first Book. PACATA HIBERNIA. THE SECOND BOOK OF THE WARS IN IRELAND, Whereby that Country was reduced to Subjection and Obedience. CHAP. I. Connaght and Ulster men drawn to a head to invade Monster. A Regiment sent by the Lord Precedent into Connaght to assist Sir john Barkley. Walter Burke and Teg O Bryen slain. The Lord Precedent with the remainder of the Army come to Limrick. The rising out of the Country commanded by the Lo. Barry drawn near to Limericke. The Rebels distressed for want of victuals, and defeated. Donogh Mac Cormocke Cartie slain. Redmond Burkes letter to the Lo. Precedent, with the Lord Presidents answer. THE prosperous Successes of the last year, did promise fair hopes, that the malice of the War was spent, and that the Province would within short time be reduced to a settled conformity: but the malicious practices of the Irish Papists, had so far enraged the Pope and the King of Spain, against our Sovereign Mistress, and her good Subjects, the Professors of the true Religion, (whom the Romanists falsely term Heretics) as in this year of 1601, 1601. the Province of Monster was not only set in a raging flame, but the whole Kingdom was endangered to be torn from the Crown of England: But God in his great mercy fought for his servants, and made this intended mischief to be the breake-necke of the Rebellion throughout the Kingdom, and consequently, the peace and tranquillity, which by the goodness of God we enjoy. About the latter end of March, March. 1601, Intelligences were brought to the Lord Precedent, and Letters intercepted, whereby it probably appeared, that Forces from Ulster and Connaght, were in preparing, (by the way of Thomond) to pass into Monster, Connaght & Ulster men drawn to a head to invade Monster. under the conduct of Redmond Burke, Captain Hugh Mostian, and Con Oneale, (Tyrones' base son) with about two thousand men, (besides Mounsters' fugitives) to relieve the lurking Earl; but although the circumstances of that Relation proved to be untrue, both in the Leaders, and number of men, yet that smoke did arise from some fire: for presently hereupon Redmond Burke, and Hugh Mostian, with eight hundred Connaght men, and Teg Orwrk, john fits Thomas, Donogh Mac Cormocke, and Pierce Lacie, with seven hundred of the North came through Connaght; Sir john Barkley, Governor in the absence of Sir Arthur Savage, being constrained to give way to their greater force: Likewise the Baron of Lixnaw, and Teg Kewgh Mac Maghon, were busy in providing Galleys to come by Sea, and the Omaylies, and O Flagherties had a purpose with six hundred men, (which they had already furnished) to invade Kerry. The Precedent having received certain Intelligence of all those preparations, principally set on foot to disturb his Government, first dispatched away one thousand Foot, under the command of Captain George Flower, Sergeant Major of that Province, with direction to march forward in all haste into Connaght, to join with Sir john Barkley, A Regiment sent by the L. Precedent into Connaght, to assist Sir joh. Barkley. that they might do some good service upon the Rebels at their passage over the Shenan, which of necessity they must hazard before they could come into Monster. The nine and twentieth of March, 29. March. Captain Flower rose out of Limerick, and that night lodged at Quyn in Thomond, had notice that the enemy was advanced into Thomond, to spoil the same, having the assistance of Teg, Son and Heir to Sir Tirloghe Obrien, who went into action not above three days before: The Sergeant Major discovering their Forces, came up close unto them; and when he began to fight, they began to run, whom notwithstanding he so well pursued (with my Lord of Thomonds' Company) that they ●lew and hurt divers of them; and amongst the rest, Walter Burke, Son to the blind Abbot was slain, and Teg Obrien Walt. Burke, and Teg O-Brien slain. (now mentioned) received a mortal wound, whereof (within three days after) he died, besides these Forces by land, the Precedent also made certain provisions by Sea, for preventing of Fits Maurice with his Omaylies, and Oflagherties from coming into Kerry; upon which occasion there was a tall Merchant (lately come with provent apparel for the Army, into the river of Limerick) together with certain small boats, well victualled and manned, commanded to attend, about the mouth of Shenan, to do service upon such Rebels as should appear upon that Coast; all which being notified in the Country, the Enemy finding his purpose frustrate of transporting his Army into Kerry that way, they retired themselves into a strong Fastness in Tough-kynalehin, betwixt Clanrickard and Thomond; Her Majesty's forces lodging so near them as possible they might: The Precedent also himself with all the rest of his forces (except the Garrisons of Kerry) followed as far as Limerick, The Lo. Precedent with the remainder of his forces came to Limricke. aswell to give countenance to the other Companies (that attended the Rebels) as also to be ready (upon the first alarm) to intercept or interrupt them; If by any devise or chance they might escape the forces in Connaght, and because the Enemy should be desperate of any help, and assured of strong resistance in the Province, the Precedent took order that all the Chiefs of every Country, should assemble themselves at Galbally in the County of Limerick, and to bring with them the best forces they could make of Horse and Foot, together with victuals for ten days, to attend such directions as they should be commanded by the Lord Barry, The rising out of the Country drawn near to Limricke, and commanded by the L. Barry. who was appointed General of the Provincials. What service they would have done (if occasion had been offered) I know not; But sure I am, although they did somewhat exceed the time limited, before they were assembled, yet at last there was gathered thirteen hundred Foot, and one hundred and twenty Horse of the County of Cork only, with great alacrity as seemed of doing some acceptable service. In the mean time Sir john Barkley layeth so hardly to the Rebels, still keeping within their Fastness, that they could not possibly get any prey of the Country, but were constrained from the thirtieth of March to the thirteenth of April to feed upon garrans flesh, The Rebels distressed for want of victuals. and such unsavoury meat: Afterwards being half starved, and altogether past hope of O Donnels coming to their relief with more forces, they stole away in the night, and drew into Omaddins Country; out men perceiving their rising pursued them, and held them fight all night, and in the morning found that we had slain many of them; yet by break of the day, they had recovered another strong Fastness, wherein Sir john Barkley (though often assaying) could not annoy them: after two days being distressed with like want as before, they were enforced to dislodge again in the night, our forces pursued them at the heels, and coming close up unto them, put them to rout, and forced them over the Suck, a deep River, wherein they lost two hundred men, with the most part of their munition and baggage. In this service there was lost and hurt of our men and twenty, The Rebels defeated. but not any of note, except Nevile, Sir Gerrard Harvy his Lieutenant only: The Rebels were so terrified in this prosecution, that such as escaped the River sought not to unite themselves again: Teg Orwrke retired into his Country, Redmond Burke went to O donnel, john fits Thomas to Tyrone, and the meaner sort dispersed into sundry places, and Hugh Mostian with his Company rested himself in O Conner Roes Country: In one of the aforesaid skirmishes in Oshafnes Country, upon the seven and twentieth of March, Donoghe Mac Cormock Donoghe Mac Cormock Carty slain. (afore mentioned) was slain, being lately enlarged by Tyrone, to set a fire in Monster. These affairs thus accomplished with good success, although not fully so good as was both promised and expected; Captain Flower with his Regiment, returned the one and twentieth of April 21. Aprilis. to Limerick. Ever since the Precedents first coming into Monster, there had been (as formerly you may observe) secret traffic held between the Lord President and Redmond Burke, the pretended Baron of Letrim: Burkes ends was to have the Precedent to assist him for the recovering of his Father's lands, against his Uncle the Earl of Clanrickard, and the Precedent held him on with good words, and messages for two respects; the one for keeping him from joining with the rest of the Bownoghs in Monster, the other to procure him (if he might possibly work him unto it) to do some signal service upon the Rebels: Redmond still pursuing his desires, (when Captain Flower was in Connaght with the Monster forces as aforesaid) writes this Letter here inserted to the Precedent, and the answer unto it was as followeth. Redmond Burkes Letter to the Lo. President. HOnourable Lord, having heretofore complained to your Lordship of the inestimable wrongs that are offered me, which seeing your Honour cannot redress here, I would request your Honour, (in respect that I specially mean not to disturb any place under your Lordships, or the Earl of Thomonds' jurisdiction) not to be a means to stop me from demanding my right, or pursuing it in this sort, seeing by right or Law the State pleaseth not to satisfy me; and assure your Honour, if yourself had any power to minister Equity betwixt her Majesty's Subjects, the fame of the honourable worth and equity your Lordship doth carry, would not only alien me to loathe this kind of life, but also very many unspecified others. And thus requesting your Lordship to draw your Forces for the defence of your Lordship's Charge, which otherwise might suddenly revolt, if they had any aid by Sea or Land, as very many they expect; which if your Lordship wrong me not, I will stop to my best endeavour, I betake your Honour to God. From the Camp, the twelfth of April, 1601. Your Honour's loving Friend. Redmond Letrim. The Lord Presidents Answer. I Have received your Letter on the twelfth of this instant, The Lord Presidents a●●wer. and am glad to find by the ●ame, that the life you now lead is odious unto you; I do wish, that the feeling of your duty may increase in that manner in you, as that you would make yourself capable of the Queen's mercy, which is far more infinite than your transgression hitherto hath been; Of which Royal disposition of hers, the examples (of the offenders in this Kingdom) are plentiful and apparent. The pretence you make in your continuance in action, is the wrongs done unto you, by your Uncle, and to enable him farther to suppress you utterly; you add here to that Arch-traitor Tyrone, and forsake your duty to your Sovereign, refusing her Laws, (by the which you may be righted) with opinion to be repossessed by the strength of his sword: your Youth may somewhat excuse your error, but believe me, you shall neither be Baron of Letrim, or possess your Father's Inheritance by the aid of that perfidious Traitor, which I know hath not the power any long time to support this Rebellion; and if he had, yet yourself and all the English race of Ireland birth, is as odious unto him, as now we are, that are natural English: If his power were able to make him Monarch of Ireland, the Burkes, with all of English descent, must look for no other than assured extirpation: I am sure you are of discretion sufficient to conceive as much as I write, wherefore I need insist no longer upon the same: To be short, if you will follow the way which I do by this Messenger prescribe you, you may make yourself capable of the Queen's mercy, and find both means and friends to obtain justice: The request you make unto me to forbear sending of Forces to annoy you, and in so doing that you will spare Monster, and keep others from harming the Province: If I were but an ordinary Subject, and not an Officer to the Queen, I neither might, or would make any such contract with you, and therefore much less may I hearken to any such motion, being an Officer of that quality as I am; and do marvel that you would require me to juggle with my Prince, whom I wish that you did serve with the like faith and duty as I do. I do wish that your estate were such, that I might show you friendship. If you persevere in rebellion, I hold you lost, and in condition with them who have made themselves unreconcilable. What I leave unwritten, I refer to this Bearer. Limrick this fourteenth of April, 1601. Your loving Friend when you are an obedient Subject, G. C. This Answer of the Precedents could not be very pleasing to R●dmond, for it plainly manifested, that his purpose was not to do him any courtesies, until he had done somewhat that might deserve his friendship, and Her Majesty's grace: Nevertheless it seems that there was some hopes for him to feed upon, in the messages sent, which he did not write, or else Burke could not have been contained from harming of Monster as hitherto he was. To conclude, he fed him with fair language and threats; and sure I am, that the Precedent made his advantage by it. CHAP. II. Intelligence of Spanish Invasion. Intelligence of Spanish invasion. The escape of Teg O Brien brother to the Earl of Thomond. Florence his preparations for munition and men. A Letter from Tyrone to Florence. A Letter from the Lords of the Council to the Lord Precedent. The report of Dermond Mac Awley touching the coming of Ulster men into Monster. I Must desire the Reader to excuse me, if I do a little break the rule of the progress of this Story, in looking back some few days, for that which proceedeth of the accidents of Captain Flowers Service in Connaght, did so necessarily depend one after the other, Intelligence of Spanish invasion. as that I was enforced to continue that Relation until this return to Limericke, which made me forbear to speak of Sir Henry Dockwray, who upon the seventh of this instant April, wrote to the Lord deputy, (as his Lordship advertised the Precedent) that Hugh Boy, (who was a man of good estimation, and very in ward with O donnel) assured him, that the Spaniards would this year invade Ireland with six thousand men, and would land in some part of Monster, and that three of the chief Towns (which must be Cork, Limerick and Waterford, for they were the chiefest) had promised to receive them, and that Florence Mac Cartie (by the necessity of the time only) had submitted himself to the Precedent, but upon the Spaniards landing he would assuredly come unto them, with all the force he could make. The six and twentieth of April, 26. April. the Precedent leaving at Limerick, and near unto it, twelve hundred Foot and fifty Horse for the Guard of those borders, returned towards Cork; and the seven and twentieth, the next day following he heard that Teg Obrien, brother to the Earl of Thomond, The escape of Teg Obrien, brother to the Earl of Thomond. having been a long time Prisoner in Limerick, (by the corruption of his Keeper) made an escape; Immediately he wrote unto the Precedent; protesting his loyalty to Her Majesty, professing to do service, His submission. such as should merit favour. Humbly besought him (not desiring any protection) that he might remain with his Lordship: The Precedent granted his request, and withal sent him a Protection, which in an other Letter unto Richard Boil the Clerk of the Council he besought: The reason which moved the Precedent, to grant his request, was the absence of the Earl of Thomond, then in England, that during the same, the County of Clare might be freed from Bonfires, but now for a time we must leave the Precedent in Cork, & return to Florence Mac Carty. You heard before that Florence had a cutting (as they call it) upon Carberry, towards his charges in the pretended journey for England, but employed all the same, and whatsoever more he could procure, to another end; for about this time he provided a Bark, which he fraught with Hides, Florence his preparation for Munition and men. Tallow, and such commodities, committing the care and trust thereof to some of Kinsale, by whom the same merchandise should be transported beyond the Seas, and in lieu thereof, munition, and abiliments of war should be returned, and and delivered unto him in the Harbour of Valentia: Moreover, about the same time, he did earnestly solicit aid from the neighbour Provinces, to resist Her Majesty's forces; and for the same purpose wrote a Letter in Irish (which was read by james Welsh, by whose relation I received this light) unto one in Ormond called Cahir Mac Shane Glass Omulrian, desiring that he would levy for him six hundred Foot in Linster, which if he could not, then to procure Redmond Burke to come with so many to his aid, and if he failed likewise herein, to deal with Captain Terrill to the same effect, and he would pay them upon the Country of Desmond▪ Last, Donoghe Mac Cormuck called Mac Donoghe (his Agent with Tyrone) laboured so much at his hands, and that so earnestly, as he procured a Letter from Tyrone; the Contents whereof were as followeth: And thus translated out of the Irish. A Letter from Tyrone to Florence Mac Carty. Our commendations to yo● Mac Carty More, I send shortly unto you according to our trust of you, that you will do a stout and hopeful thing against the pagan beast, and thereupon our Army is to go into Monster, and with the will of God, we consent unto you, and will that you believe not any word from us for ever, before we write again unto you; for you shall see trouble enough in England, by English men itself, so as there shall be easiness of suffering their wars, at May next, in respect of that it is now: And since this cause of Monster was left to you (next under God) let no weakness or imbecility be found in you, and the time of help is near you, and all the rest. From Dongannon the sixth of February, 1601. Stilo Novo. Oneale. The Army mentioned in this Letter, was the same which now you heard of, taking their journey by the way of Connaght, which as may appear both by the examination of james Welsh, and the Contents of those Letters, were solicited and sent principally by the means, promises, and procurement of Florence, he being then and before under protection, the breach whereof he nothing esteemed: But surceasing farther to rake in the filthy Channels of his malicious practices, like maladies immedicable, lest it should be loathsome to the Reader, I will lead him abroad into the open Air, to behold the hunting, rousing and fall of a great Stag, which was after sent into England to Her Majesty, and by her received as a most acceptable Present, although it was not Gods will, that she should live to reward the chief Ranger. About the midst of May, the Lord Precedent received a Letter from the Lords of the Council in England, which bare date the eight and twentieth of April, which for the Readers better understanding, how the Affairs of Monster did suit with the Directions and Counsels in England, I think it meet to be inserted. A Letter from the Lords of the Council to the Lord Precedent. AFter our very hearty Commendations to your Lordship: Although we have before this time acquainted you with her Majesty's gracious acceptation of your service, because we know you had no greater object, then to deserve her Majesty's grace and favour; yet now we will forbear to touch it at this time, because her Majesty gives you notice of it with her own hand, and for the present only let you know what care we have taken to satisfy all your demands for her Majesty's service, because it may appear unto you, seeing you do orderly and carefully give us account of your proceedings, that we will in no sort neglect such things as you in your discretion hold fit or necessary. We have therefore first by her Majesty's Commandment, sent you a supply of Munitions according to your request; We have likewise given order for Victuals in good proportion, although it seemeth to us by the Certificate of the Victualler, that you were better stored at your writing, than you knew for: We have also given order for Oats to be presently sent you; and because you have so good use of a Ship for transporting of Victuals to and fro, besides the service she may do, in mastering those Barks and Boats which offend the Coast, we have sent Captain Harvie with a good Ship for that purpose. And now that you may know, what Letters we have intercepted out of Spain, concerning those bruits which we perceive are spread of Spanish succours, you shall receive the Copies of three Letters, whereof we have the Original, which were committed to the charge of Peter Strong of Watterford, whose Ship and Goods were taken in Falmouth, where they were put in by storm; One of them comes from the Governor of the Groin, and another from a Friar that resideth with him, the third from one Sennock, who as it seemeth, being unwilling to have Tyrone deceived, showeth him truly how little reason they have to trust to any of the Spanish Succours as they expect; of these you may make such use as you think good. As concerning your desire, to know what shall become of the Lady joan of Desmond, we think you should do well to set her at liberty again as she was before, referring the care of her well doing to some of her Sisters, that may have an eye over her. We do also require you still to foresee, that her Majesty's Forces being now so much diminished, may not be spent in maintaining private men's Castles and houses, but where those places are of use for her Majesty's service. Lastly, concerning the Fine imposed on the Major of Limrick, for which we find you had so just occasion, we wish you in no wise to remit it, but rather to bestow it upon the repair of her Majesty's Castle there, which as it seemeth, will serve to so good purpose for her Majesty's service: And so we bid your Lordship very heartily farewell. From the Court at Whitehall the 28 of April 1601. Your Lordship's very loving Friends, Thoma● Egerton. C. Tho. Buckhurst. W. Knowles. Ro. Cecil. joh. Fortescue. I. Herbert. The eight and twentieth day May 28. Dermond Mac Awlie, The report of Derm. Mac Awlie touching the coming of Ulster men into Monster. who was lately come out of Ulster, and daily conversant with the Traitors of Monster, and acquainted with all their proceedings and Council, by mediation of friends, made his repair to the Precedent, and being examined whether they intended to come again with new forces into the Province, he affirmed that at his departure from them, they were ready to come away, and did particularise what Munitions, and Money every one of them was furnished withal, by Tyrone, viz. The Lo. of Lixnaw, Calievers, 40. Powder Barrels, 02. Led one Sow, 01 Match, faddoms 120 Money, 14. pound. john fits Thomas. Calievers, 25. Powder Barrels, 01. Led Sows, ½ Match faddoms, Money, 10. li. Pierce Lacie. Calievers, 20. Powder Barrels 01. Led Sows, ½ Match faddoms, Money, 8. li. Mac Donogh. Calievers, 25. Powder Barrels, 01. Led Sows, ● Match, Money, 12. li. Redmond Burke. Calievers, 150. Powder Barrels, 10. Led Sows, 05. Match, Money, 500 li. Teg Orwrke. Calievers, 150. Powder Barrels, 10. Led Sows, 05. Match, Money, 500 li. From Odonnell to Teg Kewgh. Calievers, 12 Powder Barrels, 02 Led Sows, ½ Match Fathoms, Money, 40. li. CHAP. III. james fits Thomas, the titulary Earl of Desmond taken Prisoner. james fits Thomas kept Prisoner in the Lord Presidents house. His 〈◊〉 and condemnation. His relation presented to the Lord Precedent. The Lord Presidents Letter to Her Majesty. Two Letters from james fits Thomas to the King of Spain. The causes of the Rebellion in Monster as james fits Thomas alleged. Hussies' report of the causes of the Rebellion in Monster. THere was no man of account in all Monster, whom the Precedent had not oftentimes laboured about the taking of the reputed Earl, still lurking secretly within this Province, promising very bountiful and liberal rewards to all, or any such as would draw such a draught whereby he might be gotten alive or dead, every man entertained these proffers, as being resolute in performing the same service, although they never conceived any such thought; but at last it happened after this manner. The Lord Barry having one hundred men in pay from the Queen, employed them many times about such service, james fi●s Thomas the titulary Earl of Desmond taken by the White Knight, and brought to the Lord Precedent. as either the Precedent should command or himself thought requisite; and namely about the fourteenth of May, knowing that one Dermond Odogan, a Harper dwelling at Garryduffe, used to harbour this Arch-rebel, or else upon occasion of some stealth that had been made in his Country, the thiefs making towards this Fastness, his Soldiers pursued them into this Wood, where by good fortune, this supposed Earl with two of the Baldones and this Dermond were gathered together, being almost ready to go to supper; but having discovered these Soldiers, they left their meat, and made haste to shift for themselves; they were no sooner gone out of the cabin, but the Soldiers were come in, and finding this provision and a Mantle (which they knew belonged to james fits Thomas) they followed the chase of the Stag now roused. By this time the Harper had conveyed the Sugan Earl into the thickest part of the Fastness, and himself with his two other Companions, of purpose discovered themselves to the Soldiers, and left the Wood with the Lapwings policy; that they being busied in pursuit of them, the other might remain secure within that Fastness, and so indeed it fell out; for the Soldiers supposing that james fits Thomas had been of that Company, made after them till Evening, by what time they had recovered the White Knights Country, where being past hope of any farther service, they returned to Barry-court, and informed the Lord Barry of all those accidents: On the next morning, the Lord Barry glad of so good a cause of complaint against the White Knight, whom he hated, hasteth to the Precedent, and relating unto him all these particulars, signifieth what a narrow escape the Archtraitor had made, and that if the White Knights people had assisted his Soldiers, he could not possibly have escaped their hands: Hereupon the White Knight was presently sent for, who being called before the Precedent, was rebuked with sharp words and bitter reprehensions, for the negligence of his Country in so important a business, and was menaced, that for so much as he had undertaken for his whole Country; therefore he was answerable both with life and lands, for any default by them made: The White Knight receiving these threatenings to heart, humbly entreated the Precedent to suspend his judgement for a few days, vowing upon his soul, that if the said Desmond were now in his Country (as was averted) or should hereafter repair thither, he would give the Precedent a good account of him alive or dead, otherwise he was contented that both his Lands and Goods should remain at the Queen's mercy; and with these protestations he departed: And presently repairing to Sir George Thornton, he recounted unto him the sharp reproofs, which from the Precedent he had received; Sir George finding him thus well nettled, took hold of the occasion, & never left urging him to perform the service, until he had taken his corporal oath (upon a book) that he would employ all his endeavours to effect the same▪ as soon as he was returned to his house, he made the like moan unto some of his faithfullest Followers, as he had done to Sir George Thornton, and to stir up their minds to help him in the peril he stood; he promised him, that could bring unto him word where james fits Thomas was, he would give him fifty pound in money, the inheritance of a Plough land, to him and his Heirs for ever, with many immunities and freedoms. One of his Followers, which loved him dear, compassionating the perplexity he was in, but would you indeed (said he) lay hands upon james fits Thomas, if you knew where to find him? the Knight confirmed it with protestations, then follow me said he, and I will bring you where he is: The White Knight, 29. May. and he with six or seven more (whereof Redmond Burke of Muskry-quirke was one) presently upon the nine and twenty nineth of May took horse, 29. May. and were guided to a Cave in the Mountain of Slewgort, which had but a narrow mouth, yet deep in the ground, where the Caitiff Earl (accompanied only with one of his foster brothers called Thomas Opheghie) was then lurking: The White Knight called james fits Thomas requiring him to come out, and render himself his Prisoner: But chose he presuming upon the greatness of his quality, coming to the Caves' mouth required Redmond ●urke and the rest to lay hands upon the Knight, (for both he and they were his natural Followers) but the wheel of his fortune being turned, with their swords drawn they entered the Cave, and without resistance disarming him and his foster Brother, they delivered them bound to the White Knight, who carried him to his Castle of Kilvenny, and presently dispatched a Messenger to Sir George Thornton, to pray him to send some of the Garrison, of Kilmallock to take the charge of him, which employment was committed to the care of Captain Francis Slingesby, who marching with his Company to Kilvenny, had the Prisoner delivered unto him, and from thence with as much expedition as might be, the White Knight, Sir George Thornton, and Captain Slingesby brought them unto the Precedent, then residing at Shandon Castle adjoining to Cork. But how the White Knight performed his promise to his Servant it may be doubted, though he had one thousand pound given him from Her Majesty for the service. The Precedent having thus gotten his long desired prey, james fits Thomas kept Prisoner in the Lord Presidents house. not adventuring to have him kept in the Town, appointed him lodging and a Keeper within Shandon Castle, where himself then remained, and there held him in Irons, until he was sent into England, which was yet deferred; for the Precedent being informed by the Queen's learned Council, that if he should dye before his arraignment, the Queen could not be interressed in his Lands, but by act of Parliament, and also his Brother john, was not debarred by the Law from the title, which this Pretender holdeth to be good in the Earldom of Desmond. When the White Knight had delivered his Prisoner, james fits Thomas into Captain Slingesbyes' custody; he told him, now the house is yours, take care and charge of him. And in conference with Captain Slingesby, told him how much it grieved him, that the Lord Precedent should suspect him to be a Releever of james fits Thomas, contrary to his protestation of service to Her Majesty and to him; and to make it the better appear what infinite prejudice he had received by his means. For first at the coming of Tyrone into Monster, james fits Thomas having some jealousy (and not without cause) that the White Knight would quit the confederacy, and humbly seek Her Majesty's gracious favour, acquainted Tyrone with it, who thereupon apprehended him, and willed him either to put in his Son john as Pledge of his perseverance, or else he must detain him Prisoner: which the White Knight being neither able nor willing to perform, committed him to the custody of Redmond Burke, who carried him out of the country, making him lackey it by his horse side on foot like a common Horseboy; and that in his absence his Country being thus distracted for want of a Head, the Earl of Ormond came with some forces, preying, burning, and spoiling most part of his Country; and that he was forced to pay unto Redmond Burke two hundred pound ransom after three months imprisonment with this ill usage, concluding that it might well be believed, he had small cause to do those favours to james fits Thomas (which were suspected) considering he had received those harms and losses from him, who was never able to repair him of the least part thereof. But it may well be conceived that the White Knight had not (until he was so pressed by the Precedent) made any diligent inquity after him; and that if he had more timely sought it, he might sooner have effected it. Captain Slingesby having now the Prisoner and the whole house and keys committed over to his charge and keeping, setting his Guards and Sentinels both within the house and without, as was fitting for the Guard of so welcome a Prisoner, went to where the said james was to be his Watch that night, and judging a man in his case not capable of any favour from Her Majesty (as being the principal cause of all the rebellion of Monster, though otherwise none of the bloodiest enemies) could take no comfort, in discourse was silent by him, not willing to grieve him with discoursing on that which he thought could not be pleasing unto him, until james fits Thomas himself first ministered occasion, who having had some notice what Captain Slingesby was, after some compliments, began in foam sort to extenuate, though not to excuse his former faults to Her Majesty, how he was enforced to take that title upon him, otherwise his brother john would not have been so nice in the accepting; and that he never shed any English blood in the first insurrection, nor suffered any to do it that he could withhold (though many of his Followers did not so piously observe it) but with the best respect of humanity, did cause them to be sent out of the Country to the next coast Towns with the least offence that might be▪ and therefore hoped Her Majesty, who had extended her clemency to far greater crimes (though it was his hard fortune to be so eminent a man in that action) she would now retract nothing of Her wont goodness and mercy: Intimating withal his Father to be elder brother to Gerrot, Earl of Desmond, who by the power of his Mother a second wife was disinherited, and her son, though a younger received and acknowledged for Earl of Desmond. With these and other discourses they spent the whole night until it was day, when they made ready to go to Cork to the Lord Precedent, to deliver the Prisoner. Upon these reasons, james fits Thomas arraigned and condemned. the Prisoner at a Sessions (holden in Cork for that purpose) was indicted, arraigned, convicted, and adjudged, to be executed as a notorious Traitor; which being done, the Precedent advertised all the proceedings into England, and desired that he might be sent to the Tower of London, and there to remain in prison; humbly praying that his life might be spared, in policy of State; for whilst he lived, his brother john could not make any pretext to the Earldom; whereas to the contrary, he being dead, it was very probable that the Rebels would set him up (for a new Idol) in his place, whereof what inconveniences might ensue was apparent. These reasons although they are subject to every man's understanding that hath common sense; and therefore no marvel, that the Lord Precedent should light upon them: Behold here what the Captive Earl himself doth say concerning that point, who being Prisoner in the Precedents house, having the favour to have Paper and Ink; 3. junij. upon the third of june, one thousand six hundred and one, wrote this which ensueth; humbly entreating the Precedent to send it to Her Majesty, or to the Lords of her Council in England, which he performed in his next dispatch. The Relation of james of Desmond, to the Right Honourable Sir George Carew, Lord Precedent of Monster, most humbly beseeching your Honour to certify Her Majesty, and the Lords of her most Honourable Council of the same: A Relation presented to the Lord Precedent by james fits Thomas and sent into England. Hoping in the Almighty, that Her Highness of her accustomed clemency and mercy, by your intercession, will take most gracious and merciful consideration thereof, to the end that Her Majesty's Realm of Ireland shall be the better planted, and maintained in good government by his release. The third of june, 1601. FIrst it may please your Honour to consider, that this action at the beginning was never pretended, intended, nor drawn by me, nor my consent; but by my Brother john, and Pierce Lacie, having the oaths and promises of divers Noblemen, and Gentlemen of this Province, to maintain the same, and not ever consented unto by me, until Sir Thomas Norris left Kilmallock, and the Irish forces camped at Rekeloe in Connologh, where they stayed fine or six days; the most part of the Country combining and adjoining with them, and undertook to hold with my Brother john, if I had not come to them; the next Sessions (before these proceedings) at Cork, Sir Thomas Norris arrested me (in person) therefore my Brother, he being then suspected by him, and intended to keep me in perpetual prison for him, until I made my escape; by this the intent of Sir Thomas Norris being known, the fear and terrification thereof drew me into this action; and had I been assured of my liberty, and not clapped up in prison for my Brother's offence, I had never entered into this action: Further, I was bordered with most English neighbours, of the Gentlemen of this Province, I defy any English that can charge me with hindering of them, either in body or goods▪ but as many as ever came in my presence, I conveyed them away from time to time. Also it is to be expected, that the Spanish Forces are to come into Ireland this Summer, and Oneale will send up the strongest Army of Northern men into Monster, with my Brother john, the Lord of Lixnaw, and Pierce Lacie; and when they are footed in Monster, the most part of the Country will join with them: Preventing this, and many other circumstances of service, the saving of my life, is more beneficial for Her Majesty then my death: For if it may please Her Majesty to be gracious unto me, I will reclaim my Brother, the Lord of Lixnaw, and Pierce Lacie, if it please Her Majesty to be gracious unto them, or else so diligently work against them with Her Majesty's forces, and your directions, that they shall not be able to make head, or stir in Monster at all; for by the saving of my life, Her Highness will win the hearts in general of all her Subjects, and people in Ireland, my own service, and continuance of my alliance in dutiful sort, all the days of their lives. Farther, I most humbly beseech your Honour to foresee, that there are three others, of my Sept and race alive; the one is in England, my Uncle Garrets Son, james, set at liberty by Her Majesty, and in hope to obtain Her Majesty's favour, my Brother in Ulster, and my Cousin Maurice fits john in Spain; wherewith it may be expected, that either of these (if I were gone) by Her Majesty's favour, might be brought in credit, and restored to the House: It may therefore please Her Majesty to be gracious unto me, assuring to God and the world, that I will be true and faithful to Her Majesty during life: By which means Her Majesty's government may be the better settled; myself and all others my Alliance, for ever bound to pray for Her Majesty's life, long to continue. But afterward being examined by the Precedent, and the Provincial Council: He added some other reasons for his taking of Arms against her Majesty, which in its due place shall be mentioned: In the dispatch which the Precedent made into England upon his apprehension, he wrote a Letter to her Majesty as followeth. The Lord Presidents Letter to Her Majesty. SACRED AND DREAD SOVEREIGN, TO my unspeakable joy, I have received your Majesty's Letters signed with your Royal hand, and blessed with an extraordinary addition to the same, which although it cannot increase my faith and zeal in your Majesty's Service, which from my 〈◊〉 (I thank ●od for it) was ingraffed in my Heart, yet it infinitely multiplies my comforts in the same; and wherein my 〈…〉 may be, since my time of banishment in this rebellious Kingdom, (for better than a banishment I cannot esteem my fortune, that deprives me from beholding your Majesty's Person) although I have not done as much as I desire in the charge I undergo, yet to make it appear that I have not been idle, (I thank God for it) I have now at length, but the means of the White Knight, gotten into my hands the body of james fits Thomas that Arch-traitor, and usurping Earl, whom for a present with the best conveniency and safety which I may find, I will by some trusty Gentleman send unto your Majesty, whereby I hope this Province is made sure from any present defection. And now that my task is ended, I do in all humility beseech, that in your Princely commiseration my exile may end, protesting the same to be a greater affliction to me then I can well endure: for as my faith is undivided, and only professed, (as by divine and humane Laws the same is bound) in vassalage to your Majesty; so doth my heart covet nothing so much, as to be overmore attendant on your sacred Person, accounting it a happiness unto me, to dye at your feet: not doubting but that your Majesty out of your princely and royal bounty, will enable me by some means or other to sustain the rest of my days in your service▪ and that my fortune shall not be the worse, in that I am not any importune eaten craver; Or yet in not using other arguments to move your Majesty thereunto, than this, Assai dimanda qui ben serve e face. So most humbly beseeching your Majesty's pardon, in troubling you with these Lines, unworthy your divine eyes, do kiss the shadows of your Royal feet. From your Majesty's City of Cork this third of june. 3. june. 1601. I may well term him a notorious Traitor, because he was within one year before his apprehension, the most mighty and potent Geraldine that had been of any the Earls of Desmond, his predecessors: For it is certainly reported, that he had eight thousand men well armed under his command at one time, all which he employed against his lawful Sovereign; and secondly, a notorious Traitor, because he sought to bring a most infamous slander upon a most virtuous and renowned Prince, (his Queen and Mistress) with his false suggestions unto foreign Princes; and notwithstanding that her Name was eternised with the shrill sounding Trumpet of triumphant Fame, for the meekest and mildest Prince that ever reigned, yet was not he ashamed, (so far had the rancour of malice corrupted his venomous heart) to inculcate into the Ears of the Pope, and Spanish King, that she was more tyrannical than Pharaoh, and more bloodthirsty than Nero: But because I may be thought to feign these allegations, to aggravate his treasons, I will therefore (for satisfaction of the Reader) set down the very words of two his Letters, bearing one date, which he sent to the King of Spain. A Letter from james fits Thomas to the King of Spain. MOst mighty Monarch, I humbly salute your imperial Majesty, giving your Highness to understand of our great misery, and violent order wherewith we are of long time oppressed by the English Nation: Their government is such as Pharaoh himself never used the like; for they content not themselves with all temporal superiority, but by cruelty desire our blood, and perpetual destruction, to blot out the whole remembrance of our posterity; as also our old Catholic Religion, and to swear that the Queen of England is Supreme of the Church. I refer the consideration hereof to your Majesty's high judgement; for that Nero in his time was far inferior to that Queen in cruelty. Wherefore, and for the respects thereof, high, mighty Potentate, myself, with my Followers and Retainers; And being also requested by the Bishops, Prelates, and religious men of my Country, have drawn my sword, and proclaimed wars against them, for the recovery first of Christ's Catholic religion, and next for the maintenance of my own right, which of long time hath been wrongfully derained from me and my father, who by right succession was lawful Heir to the Earldom of Desmond; ●or he was eldest Son to james my Grandfather, who was Earl of Desmond; and for that my Uncle Gerald (being the younger brother) took part with the wicked proceedings of the Queen of England, to farther the unlawful claim of supremacy, usurped the name of Earl of Desmond in my father's true title; yet notwithstanding he had not long enjoyed his name of Earl, when the wicked English annoyed him, and prosecuted wars, that he with the most part of those that held of his side, was slain, and his Country thereby planted with Englishmen: And now by the just judgement and providence of God, I have utterly rooted those malapert bows out of the Orchard of my Country, and have profited so much in my proceedings, that my dapperly enemies dare not show their faces in any par● of my Country, but having taken my Towns and Cities, for their refuge and strength, where they do remain (as yet were Prisoner's) for want of means to assail them, as Cannon and Powder which my Country doth not yield. Having these wants most noble Potentate; I have presumed with all humility to address these my Letters to your High Majesty, craving the same of your gracious clemency and goodness, to assist me in this godly enterprise, with some help of such necessaries for the wars, as your Majesty shall think requisite; and (after the quiet of my Country) satisfaction shall be truly made for the same, and myself in person with all my forces, shall be ready to serve your Highness, in any Country your Majesty shall command me. And i● your Majesty will vouchsafe to send me a competent number of Soldiers, I will place them in some of my Towns and Cities, to remain in your gracious disposition, till such time as my ability shall make good, what your Majesty shall lend me in money and munition: and also your Majesty's high Commission under the broad Seal for leading and conducting of these Soldiers, according to the prescript order and articles of martial discipline, as your Majesty shall appoint me, and as the service of the Land shall require. I praise the Almighty God, I have done by his goodness more than all my Predecessors; for I have reclaimed all the Nobility of this part, under the dutiful obedience of Christ's Church, and mine own authority, and accordingly have taken pledges, and corporal oaths, never to swerve from the same; and would have sent them to your Majesty, by this Bearer, but that the Ship was not of sufficiency and strength to carry so noble personages, and will send them whensoever your Highness please. So there resteth nothing to quiet this part of the world; but your Majesty's assistance, which I daily expect: Thus most mighty Monarch, I humbly take my leave, and do kiss your Royal hands, beseeching the Almighty of your Majesty's health and happiness: From my Camp the fourteenth day of March, 1599 Your Majesty's most humble at all command james Desmond. An other Letter from james Fits Thomas to the King of Spain. YOur Majesty shall understand, that the bearer hereof Captain Andrew Roche, hath been always in the service of the Queen of England, and hath performed her manifold services at Sea: whereby he had great preferment and credit, and being of late time conversant with Catholics, and teachers of divine Instructions, that were sorry for his lewd life, made known unto him the danger wherein his soul was; so that by their godly persuasions, he was at that time reclaimed, and subverted to be a good Catholic, and to spend the residue of his life in the defence and service of the Church; since which time of reconcilement, he was to repair to your Majesty with his Ship and Goods, as is well known to your Highness' Council, who confiscated that Ship to your Majesty's use; himself being at that time strucken with extreme sickness, that he was not able to proceed in the voyage; and when his Company returned into Ireland, they reported that the Lantado wished rather his person then the Ship, which made him fearful ever since to repair thither, till he should deserve his freedom by some worthy service to your Majesty. The Heir apparent to the Crown of England, had been carried by him to your Highness, but that he was bewrayed by some of his own men, and thereby was intercepted, and himself taken Prisoner, where he remained of long, till by the Providence of God, and the help of good friends, he was conveyed into Ireland to me in a small Boat; and leaving these occasions to your Imperial Majesty, and being assured of his trust, faith, and confidence towards me, have committed this charge into his hands; the rather for that I understand your Royal Fleet is directed for England this year, to the end he may be a Leader and Conductor to them in the Coast of England and Ireland, being very expert in the knowledge thereof, and in the whole art of Navigation. And thus with all humility I commit your Highness to the Almighty: From my Camp the fourteenth of March, 1599 Your Majesty's most humble at all command. james Desmond. Consider I beseech thee gentle Reader, into what proud arrogancy, and audacious insolency this Archtraitor was elevated (like a Vapour in a Sunshine day) when blind fortune laughed upon him; the Queen a Tyrant, the English all cowards, the Cities and walled Towns all his, and the Monster Nobility subdued under his authority; was there ever Rebel so far transported with ambitious presumption, beyond the limits of reason? was it not sufficient for him like cursed Shimei, or black mouthed railing Rabshakeh, to revile the Lords anointed, but he must challenge her territories, her Cities, her People, and her Nobility (whom she and her ancestors had created) to be his own, who had no portion nor inheritance in any part thereof, being the Imp of a born Bastard. But surely I must persuade myself, all this was permitted by the unsearchable sapience of the all-seeing Deity, who even as he caused proud Lucifer to be throne from the Chair of highest Majesty, (whereunto he presumed) into the lowest Dungeon of dark obscurity, for ever to be tormented; so did he suffer this aspiring Absalon, to magnify himself in the height of vain glory, Vt lapsu graviore ruat, that being thrown headlong down from the Pinnacle of ambition, he might for ever be pointed at as an exemplary mirror for all insolent Traitors. Whilst he remained Prisoner in Shandon, the Precedent thought good to send for him oftentimes, before himself and the Council, and there to examine him upon such particulars, as they thought most material for the advancement of the present service. And amongst the rest, they questioned him concerning the original causes and principal motives, The causes of the rebellion in Monster as james fits Thomas alleged. that induced this late rebellion in Monster; he answered that the foundation principally was religion, than the Undertakers encroaching upon gentlemen's lands, the fear of English juries passing upon Irish men's lives, the taking notice of slight evidence upon such arraignements, the general fear conceived of the safety of their lives, by the example of the execution of Redmond fits Gerald and Donoghe Mac Craghe, and the great charge (which was yearly exacted) for Her Majesty out of every Ploughland within the Province, called the composition rend; and because these his pretences, do not much vary from the allegations (〈◊〉) by Oliver Hussie, a Schoolmaster, a most pernicious member in this traitorous combination, I have thought fit to interpose the same in this place. This Hussie therefore examined upon the same Interrogatories, answered as followeth. First the Country was (much against their wills) driven to pay composition to the Queen, Husseys' report of the causes of the rebellion in Monster. for three years upon certain Covenants: These Covenants were not observed on Her Majesty's part, nor yet the composition ceased at the determination of the said term: Wherefore they thought the Composition would not only be continued, but also augmented▪ from time to time, at the pleasure of their Superiors, till they should be weary of their Lands▪ Many new and extraordinary ways were sought out in concealments (and such like) to the great discomfort and fear of Landlord's and Freeholders'. The extortions and unlawful dealings of Sheriffs, and other like officers, to rob the Countrymen of their goods; for they did use to keep many Courts (for gain) and not for justice, they did use to bring many Writs from Dublin, for very small causes, they did use to buy old caviling titles, to receive bribes, for not going to poor gentlemen's houses, and other like inconveniences. The continual vexation by Processes from the spiritual Court, where by Fines and Bribes (to save men's consciences) they were greatly grieved, and specially by the High Commission. The manner of execution of Donog●e Mac Craghe, and Redmond fits Gerald, and seeking of Thomas fits Maurice his blood, did greatly discomfort them, fearing that every of their lives were in like danger. The several examinations of these two (being both deeply engaged in the action) ● have therefore inserted into this present relation, First that the world may be satisfied, upon what weak pretexts, and imaginary supposed conjectures the Rebellion was grounded: And therefore the former scandalous suggestions which Hell had devised, and the Pope's damned Legate had forged against Her Majesty, were the more abominable. And secondly, that those Officers that should succeed in governing this kingdom, might carefully shun and warily avoid all Bribery, Corruption, and Partiality, that the exclayming mouths of these discontented people, may be either altogether shut, or else opening the same, they may spew out nothing but their own shame. But to proceed. About the beginning of this Month of june, the Precedent received gracious Letters from Her sacred Majesty, wherein she acknowledging her thankfulness for his services, and signified her pleasure unto him concerning base moneys, and withal she sent the Proclamation, and the Articles between her and Sir George Cary Knight, Treasurer of Ireland, touching the exchange for the alteration of the said moneys, all which do here ensue. CHAP. four A Letter from Her Majesty to the Lord Precedent concerning base moneys. A Proclamation concerning base moneys. Articles between Her Majesty and the Treasurer at Wars for Ireland, concerning base moneys. A Letter from her Majesty to the Lord Precedent concerning base Moneys. Your loving Sovereign, ELIZABETH R. Trusty and well-beloved, We greet you well: Although We have forborn when we intended to have made known unto you by some express testimony from Ourself, Our acceptation of your Services, yet We have given particular charge to Our Council, that they should in Our Name make you perceive our liking of your proceedings, in such sort, as you might not conceive that either the report of them came not to our ears, or that you served a Prince not willing to acknowledge the good merits of her Servants. But now that cause is ministered unto us, to give charge unto you of other matters specially concerning our service; We thought it convenient to encourage you to that which followeth, by thanksgiving for that which is past, and by assuring you by our own Letters, that as you have not deceived our expectation of your sufficiency, or our trust reposed in your faith, So will not we be wanting on our part, to manifest how acceptable these things are unto us, whensoever We find them in any one, whom We have conferred trust in employment. The matter that now We think meet to acquaint you with, is, that having found by long experience, that the using of sterling moneys in the payment of our A●mie there, and for our other Services, doth bring marvellous inconveniences both to that Realm, and to this; And that the wisdom of all our Progenitors (for the most part) did maintain a difference between the Coins of both Realms, (that in Ireland being ever inferior in goodness to that of this Realm) howsoever by error of late crept in, it hath been otherwise tolerated to the infinite loss of this Kingdom, Our Monies being out of that Realm transported into foreign Countries, for lack of Merchandise. We have thought it reason to revive the ancient course of our Progenitors in that matter of Monies, and have caused a Coin proper for that Our realm of Ireland, to be stamped here, of such a Standard as We find to have been in use for the same, and do now send a great quantity thereof thither by Our Treasurer at Wars, to be employed for the payment of Our army, and for other uses, and the same do authorize by Our Proclamation, and decry all other Moneys. In the establishing of which course, as we doubt not but Our Deputy and Council there, will as they are by Us commanded, proceed according to such directions as we have given them: So because the Province (whereof you have charge) is a place of most Traffic of any other of that Kingdom, and therefore in it, it is most likely that Merchants at the first show of such an Innovation, will for private respects ●ee most opposite: We have thought it fit to give you particular notice of this our purpose, and to require you to use all your authority and your judgement likewise toward our people there, as well of the Towns as others, to make this new course pleasing and well liking to them, upon such reasons as are contained in our Proclamation, publishing the same, and as you may gather touching the same out of such other matters as have passed from us to our Deputy and Council there, or between us and our Treasurer of Ireland concerning this matter, whereof we have given order, that herewith Copies shall be sent unto you, by which you will be sufficiently instructed of apparent reasons to lead us to do it, although it be a matter which we need not make gracious with any reason at all, being merely dependant of our Prerogative, to alter the Standard of our Moneys at our pleasure. Wherefore, though we nothing doubt of your forwardness, to further whatsoever we find reason to command: Yet we require you in this thing, as a matter which we would have well founded in the first establishing, to give all attention of it, as well by your own actions, as by assisting Our Treasurer and his Deputies in the uttering of these new Monies, and bringing in all others according to the course of Our Exchange, which by Our Proclamation you may perceive that we have instituted to make the matter better accepted of Our people. Given under Our Signet at Our Manor of Greenwich this sixteenth day of May, one thousand six hundred and one, in the three and fortieth year of Our Reign. The Copy of the Proclamation for publishing the new Money for Ireland. THe Queen's most excellent Majesty, A Proclamation concerning base moneys. finding by the Records of both her Realms of England and Ireland, that in the times of divers her Progenitors, Kings of England and Ireland, it hath been accustomed as a thing by them found convenient for the good of the loyal Subjects of both Realms; that there should be a difference between the Standards of the moneys allowed to be currant, in each of her said Realms; and knowing by many Laws of this her Realm of England; and namely by one made in the third year, and another in the nineteenth year of Her Majesty's Grandfather of famous memory King Henry the seventh, that the transportation of moneys of the Coin and Standard of England, into that his Realm of Ireland is severely forbidden under great penalties; perceiving also by experience in some part heretofore, but more fully and apparently now of late years, since the last Rebellions (which have caused Her Majesty to send great sums of money into that Realm for the payment of her Army, & for other services) that a great part of such moneys into that Realm sent, do either come into the hands of the Rebels, by divers slights and cunnings of theirs, who by the use and means thereof, trafficking in foreign Country's, do relieve themselves with such warlike provisions as they need; as with Powder, Led, Match, Armour and Weapons of all sorts, and with Wines, Cloth, and other necessaries; without which they could not possibly so long subsist in their treasonable courses, and bring so huge Calamities to the rest of her good Subjects, and waste the whole Realm; or else the said sterling moneys, aswell in respect of their goodness, being better than the moneys of other Countries, is also for want of merchandise wherein to employ them; which that Country now specially since the Rebellion doth not yield, are partly by Merchant's Strangers, and partly by the natural Merchants of the Country (using trade in foreign Country's) transported from thence into the said Countries, to the inestimable loss and impoverishment aswell of that Realm of Ireland, as also chiefly of this Her Majesty's Realm of England: Hath therefore in Her Majesty's princely wisdom, entered into consideration with the advice of her Privy Council, how these great inconveniences might be avoided; and found after long and serious debating, that the readiest way to prevent the same, is to reduce the State of her moneys and Coins, to the ancient course of her Progenitors, that is, to a difference in fineness, between the moneys of this Realm of England, and that her Realm of Ireland: And for that purpose hath caused great quantities of moneys, according to the ancient Standard, which was in use for that Realm in the days of Her Majesty's Father, Brother, and Sister, to be coined here into several pieces of shillings, sixpences, and pieces of threepences, stamped with Her Highness' Arms crowned and inscription of her usual stile, on the one side, and on the other with the Harp crowned, being the Arms of that her Kingdom of Ireland with the inscription, Posui deum Adjutorem meum, and also certain pieces of small monies of mere Copper of pence, halfpences, and farthings, for the use of the poorer sort, stamped on each side as the other: And the same monies so coined hath sent into her said Realm of Ireland▪ there to be established, as the lawful and current monies of that Realm, and so to be uttered and issued aswell to the Armies and Officers in payments to them, as also to all other her Subjects of that Realm and others there, abiding or thither resorting for traffic, and intercourse of buying, selling, and all other manner of trading amongst themselves; which said Coins, as well of Silver of three ounces fine, as also of mere Copper for small Monies, her Majesty doth hereby publish and make known to all men, to be from thencefoorth, immediately after the publishing of this Proclamation, her Coin of Moneys established and authorised to be lawful and currant within that her Realm of Ireland, and proper to that Kingdom, and doth expressly will and command the same to be so used, reputed, and taken of all her subjects of that Realm, and of all others conversing there; And doth expressly charge and command, that they, nor any of them, shall not after the day of the publishing hereof, refuse, reject, or deny to receive in payment of Wages, Fees, Stipend, or in payment of Debts, or in Bargain, or for any other matter of Trade, Commerce or dealing between Man and Man, any of the said Moneys of either kind, either mixed of Silver, or pure Copper, but that they shall receive and accept the same at such values and rates as they are coined for, viz. shillings, for shillings, pieces of sixpence for sixpence, and so of all other the several kinds of that Coin respectively; Denouncing hereby to all such as shall be found wilfully, and obstinately to refuse the said Monies of this New Standard, being tendered unto them in payments, or in any dealings between party and party, that they shall for that their contempt, receive such punishment, as by her Majesty's Prerogative Royal, may be inflicted upon persons contemning public Orders established for the universal good of that her Realm: And to the end the said Monies may the better have their due course and passage among her Majesty's subjects of that Realm, and the good intended to both the Realms, the more speedily take place: Her Majesty doth hereby also publish and make known, that her pleasure is, that after the day of this present Proclamation, all other Monies heretofore established, tolerated, or used as lawful or current Monies within that Kingdom, shall be decried, annulled, and called down, and no other Monies, of what Coin, Nature, Mixture, Alloy, or Fineness, now used in that Realm of Ireland, be they either Monies of her Majesties own Coin and stamp, currant here in her Realm of England, or if any her Predecessors, or of any foreign Realms permitted heretofore to be currant there, shall be any longer currant within her Realm of Ireland, nor offered, nor received by any person there inhabiting, or there conversing in any manner of dealing amongst men, but that all such Monies be from that day forward held and esteemed for Bullion only, meet to be molten down and brought into her Majesty's Mint, or Exchange, there as heretofore is expressed; And although this open and public notification of her Majesty's pleasure, be and aught to be to all her Subjects, and others being in that her Realm, a sufficient declaration and warning, as well of the authorising of the New Moneys of the New Standard, now apppointed to be currant, and also the calling down, and decrying of all other Moneys whatsoever, from any use there either public or private: Yet her Highness being a Prince, that in her gracious disposition, doth ever affect to make all her Actions clear and allowable, in their own nature, rather than in the power of supreme authority, intending in this cause to give to all persons such satisfaction as is reasonable. And in the days of Her Progenitors, when such Moneys were in use, was not offered, doth likewise hereby make known, that she hath established an Exchange to be had and maintained in convenient places, in both her Kingdoms of England and Ireland; as namely in Ireland, a● Dublin, Cork, galway, and Carrigfergus; and in England, at London, Bristol, and at Chester, at which places shall be from henceforth continually resident, Officers of her appointment, and in other places also of both the Realms, where it shall be found convenient for the ease of her Subjects; At which places, and by which Officers, all her Subjects of either her Realms of England and Ireland, and all others resorting into her said Realm of Ireland, in trade and Merchandise, and otherwise, shall and may, from time to time, exchange and commute, as well Money's currant of England, into Moneys of this new Standard of Ireland; as also Moneys of this Standard of Ireland, into Moneys of the Standard of England, at their pleasure, in manner as is hereafter expressed. First all persons being either Her Majesty's Subjects, or the Subjects of any Prince or State, in amity with Her Majesty, who shall bring to any place of Exchange, within Ireland any moneys of the Coin of her Realm of England, or of the Coins of any foreign Countries, or any plate or bullion, being of the Standard of England, or better, desiring to receive for the same in England, now is currant of England, shall receive from the Officer in Ireland a bill directed to such place of Exchange in England, where the party shall desire to have his payment: By which bill he shall receive of the Officer in England, not only moneys of England, value for value, by tale or by weight, of the moneys, Plate, or Bullion delivered in Ireland, but also an overplus of six pence English money upon every twenty shillings English, by him delivered, by tale, or of eighteen pence English upon every pound weight of such moneys, Plate, or Bullion delivered by the party by weight; and after the same rate for more or less, in quantity or number, delivered by weight or tale. Item, all persons being Her Majesty's Subjects, or the Subjects of any Prince or State in amity with Her Majesty, which shall have in their hands any quantity or sum of the moneys of this new Coin appointed for Her Majesty's Realm of Ireland, and shall be desirous to receive for the same in England, moneys currant of England, and thereupon shall deliver to any of Her Majesty's Officers of the Exchange in Ireland, such sums of money as he is desirous so to exchange, he shall receive of the said Officers in Ireland, a bill directed to such place of Exchange in England, as shall be desired by the deliverer, by which Bill he shall receive of the Officer in England, to whom the same is directed, the like sum of moneys of England by tale, as by the Bill it shall appear, he shall have delivered in Ireland wanting only twelve pence in the pound: So as for every twenty shillings of the new Coin of Ireland, delivered in Ireland, he shall have in England nineteen shillings, currant money of England, and after the same rate for more or less in quantity delivered in Ireland. Item, if any such person having in his hands, within the Realm of Ireland moneys currant of England, shall be desirous to exchange the same there for moneys now appointed to be currant in Ireland▪ the Officers of the Exchange there to whom he shall bring any sum of English money to be exchanged, shall deliver to him for every twenty shillings of English money received, one and twenty shillings of the Coin of Ireland, and after that rate for more or less in quantity received. Item, if any person being Her Majesty's Subject, or otherwise, having cause to resort into the Realm of Ireland, shall be desirous to exchange moneys curant of England into moneys currant of Ireland for his use there, and shall deliver to that end any English moneys, to any of Her Majesty's Officers of exchange here in England, the said Officers shall deliver unto the said person, a bill directed to such place of Exchange in Ireland, as the deliverer shall require, by which Bill the Officer of the Exchange in Ireland receiving the same, shall deliver to the Bringer thereof for every twenty shillings English, delivered in England, one and twenty shillings of the new Coin of Ireland, in Ireland, and after the same rate for more or less in quantity delivered. And whereas there are at this present, divers old Coins of base allay within that Her Majesty's Realm of Ireland, used and passed in payments between men, which being now decried, anulled, and called down, Her Majesty doth think fit, to have the same brought in and reduced to one uniform Coin of this new Standard; Her Highness is therefore pleased that every person who shall have in his hands any quantity of such base Coin, and shall bring in the same to any of her Officers of her Exchange there in Ireland, that the Officer receiving the same, shall deliver to the Bringer, money for money, or value for value, of the moneys of this new Standard, now appointed to be currant in Ireland. And forasmuch as this notorious inconvenience aforesaid, cannot be prevented, without there be a due observation of such Laws of this Realm of England, as heretofore have been made, restraining the transporting of the moneys currant in England into that Realm of Ireland, in Specie, wherein great disorder hath been of late years committed, and thereby great inconveniences ensued; Her Majesty doth straightly charge and command, all Magistrates and Officers, to whom it shall appertain, to see severe execution of such Laws as do prohibit the transportation of her Coin of England into Ireland; and namely one Statute made in the nineteenth year of the reign of Her Majesty's Grandfather of famous memory King Henry the seventh. Her Majesty's purpose being (by this Proclamation) to admonish all her Subjects of both her Realms, and all others trading in her Realm of Ireland, that they shall from henceforth forbear all transportation of moneys of England into Ireland, for that Her Majesty will cause the former Laws (prohibiting the said transportation of money) to be so straightly looked into and executed, as the penalties thereof, shall fall heavy upon the Offenders against the same without any hope of remission. The Copy of certain Articles contained in the Indentures, between Her Majesty, and Sir George Cary, Treasurer of Ireland, touching the Exchange established upon the alteration of Monies. ITem, the said Sir George Cary doth covenant, Articles between her Majesty and the Treasurer at wars for Ireland concerning base moneys. etc. That he shall and will maintain for the better exercise of the said Exchange, according to her Majesty's princely meaning, three Officers at the least within the Cities of London, Bristol and Westchester, or so many, and in such convenient places as he shall think meet, discreet persons to be there continually residing by themselves, or their sufficient deputies to attend the said Exchange, and to perform the same according to the establishment. And other officers also in other parts of this her Majesty's Realm of England (if cause shall require) and likewise to place and maintain at four several port Towns within her Majesty's Realm of Ireland, viz. Dublin, Cork, Galway, and Car●igfergus, or at such of them as shall be found requisite other officers who shall be there continually resident by themselves, or their sufficient deputies to attend her Majesty's subjects for the exchange of their moneys according to the establishment; and if cause shall require, other officers also or under ministers in other places of the said Realm of Ireland, for the ease of her Majesty's subjects. Item, the said Sir George Carie doth covenant, etc. to discharge and acquit her Majesty of all Fees, Allowances, and wages, needful for any of the said Officers, or Vnderministers above mentioned, and them to maintain, entertain, and wage at his own costs and charges, for and in consideration of a sum of two thousand pounds of the Moneys of this new Standard of Ireland, mentioned in another Article of this Indenture, to be by her Majesty allowed unto him for the Fee of himself, and all other Officers necessary to be had and used for and about this Exchange, as well in England as in Ireland; The said allowance of two thousand pound per annum, to take beginning, and to be due unto him, from the first day of May now next ensuing the date hereof, and to continue during the time of the Exchange▪ And the Queen's Majesty our said Sovereign Lady, doth covenant and agree to and with the said Sir George Carey, that he as 〈…〉 of her Highness said Exchange, shall have full power, authority, and liberty, to make choice of all Officers, and under officers, needful to be had and employed, for, and about the exercise and maintenance of his Exchange, as well within this her Highness' Realm of England, as in Ireland, and them and every of them to nominate and place, and to them to assign such Fees and entertainments as he shall think convenient, and all and every the said Officers to remove, alter, or displace, as often as to him shall be thought good, and others in their places and rooms to substitute without any interruption of her Highness, in or concerning the same. Item, our said Sovereign Lady doth covenant and agree, to a●d with the said Sir George Carey, and by these presents doth give him power and authority, in and for performance of one breach of her Highness' Proclamation above specified, whereby all persons are invited to bring in all manner of sterling Moneys, or of any other Standards, or like fineness, or better, into her Exchange in Ireland, that he the said Sir George Carey, shall and may allow to all bringers in of such Money, Plate, or Bullion, above the just and true value thereof, the ●umme of eighteen pence currant money of England, upon every pound weight, or sixpence upon every twenty shillings by tale; the ●ame to be taken, defaulked, and allowed by the said Sir George Carey, out of such profits as do arise unto her Highness upon this Exchange. And our Sovereign Lady doth covenant and agree, to and with the said Sir George Carey, and by these presents doth warrant and authorize him, that to all her subjects of her Realms of England and Ireland, and to all Strangers, Merchants, or others, being subjects of such Princes or States as are in amity with her Highness, which shall bring to any place, for the Exchange apppointed within the Realm of Ireland, any Monies of this new Standard of Ireland, and desire to receive for the same, money's currant of England here within this Realm of England, That the said Sir George Carey, may deliver unto them and every of them here in England, moneys currant of this her Realm, by tale, for tale, vi●. twenty shillings sterling, for every twenty shillings of her new Coin, detaining only, and rebating to her Highness' use, twelve pence sterling upon every twenty shillings so to be delivered for twenty shillings of her said new Coin, and after the same rate for more or less in quantity. Item, our said Sovereign Lady doth covenant and agree, etc. That he shall and may to all persons which within her Highness' realm of Ireland, shall at any of the places for the Exchange apppointed, deliver to him or his Deputies, the value of twenty shillings sterling, in money, plate, or bullion, and desire to receive for the same, moneys Irish of this new coin, for every value of twenty shillings, the sum of one and twenty shillings eight pence Irish by tale, and after the same rate for more or less in quantity. And our Sovereign Lady, etc. That he or his Assigns shall or may to all and every persons, which at any of the places for the Exchange apppointed, here within this Realm of England, shall deliver any Moneys, Plate, or Bullion of the Standard of England, to the end to receive for the same, within the Realm of Ireland, monies of the new Coin of that Realm, pay, or deliver unto them for the value of every twenty shillings sterling, one and twenty shillings Irish by the tale, and after that rate for more or less in quantity. Item, our said Sovereign Lady, etc. That he shall and may, to all and every persons, bringing into any place for the exchange appointed in Ireland, moneys of base allay, heretofore currant, or now used within the Realm, deliver by himself or his deputies, like quantities by weight of the moneys of this new Coin, as he or his deputies shall receive of any such old base moneys by weight. Item, our said Sovereign Lady doth, etc. That she will allow unto the said Sir G●o▪ Cary, or his Assigns for the charges of transportation of the moneys of this new Coin, from her Tower of London into her Majesty's said Realm of Ireland, aswell to the City of Dublin, as to any other places where Exchanges are to be established, or payments to be made for her service, after the rate of twenty pounds of this new Standard, upon every thousand pound of the same coin, the same to be allowed unto him upon his account, as her Majesty's Treasurer at wars in Ireland. Item, our said Sovereign Lady doth, etc. That whensoever and as often as any of the moneys of this new Standard of Ireland, after their first uttering, in payment to her Highness' Army there, being brought back again to the Exchange to be converted in sterling, or otherwise shall by her Majesty's commandment be 〈◊〉 again for her Highness' service in payment of her Army, or otherwise: That so often her Highness will allow to the said Sir George Cary or his Assigns, after the 〈◊〉 of ten pounds of this new Standard, upon every thousand pounds of the same coin by tale, the same to be allowed unto him, upon his account as Treasurer of her Highness' wars in Ireland. Item, our said Sovereign Lady doth, etc. That she will allow unto the said Sir George Cary for all such sums of money, as shall by her Highness from time to ●ime, be● sent or delivered out of her Exchequer, for the furnishing & maintenance of this Exchange after the rate of 〈…〉 ●pon every thousand pounds by ●ale. The said Sir George C●●y taking upon him the charges and expense, of conveying her Majesty's said Treasure unto the places where the same shall be used for the exchange. Item, our said Sovereign Lady doth, etc. That all hazard and danger happening in the transportation of this her Majesty's moneys, out of her Realm of England into Ireland, either by wreck of Sea or tempest, or by violence of enemies, shall be at the only peril of our said Sovereign Lady her Heirs and Successors, as heretofore it hath been in like cases; the said Sir George Cary making proof, that he his deputies or Assigns, having charge of the said transportation, have used all such care, heed, and diligence, for the safe conveyance thereof, as they would or might have done for the assurance of their own goods, or as heedful provident men use to do for the safety of their goods in like adventures. Item, our said Sovereign Lady doth, etc. That she shall and will from time to time, furnish and deliver to the said Sir George Carey, or his Assigns, all such sums of money as shall be requisite and needful for Exchanging, and converting of this new Irish Coin into moneys of the Standard of England, according to her Majesty's Proclamation, after the rate of one fourth part at the least, of such quantities of this Irish moneys, as her Majesty shall cause to be coined from time to time, or after a greater rate (if it shall appear by experience) that a greater portion than a fourth part of the same shallbe returned to the Exchange. Item, our said Sovereign Lady doth, etc. That if at any time hereafter her Majesty shall think good to cease the Exchange, and not to continue the converting of Irish moneys into sterling, and that it shall happen, that at such time there shall be remaining in the hands of the said Sir George Carey, any quantities of Irish moneys, great or small, not issued for her Majesty's service, that in such case her Highness will accept, and allow unto the said Sir George Cary upon his account all such sums of money at such ra●e, and value as the same were delivered unto him, to be issued in payment for her service. And further, her Majesty doth covenant, etc. That for the defraying of all Wages, Fees, and Stipends, as well to him the said Sir George Cary as 〈…〉 of the Exchanges, as also to all other Officers needful to be established for the exercise of the same, either within the Realm of England or in Ireland, wheresoever her Highness doth, and will, allow unto the said Sir George Cary the sum of two thousand pounds of the moneys of this new Standard, by the year to be taken unto him and stayed in his own hands out of such profits, as upon the exchange doth arise unto her Majesty: The said allowance of two thousand pounds per annum, to take beginning the first day of May now next ensuing the date hereof, and to continue during all the time that the Exchange shall be upheld. CHAP. V. A Regiment sent by the Lord Precedent into Connaght. Intelligence of the Spaniards coming for Ireland, brought to the Lord Precedent sundry ways. james fits Thomas his report of Florence Mac Cartie. Dermond Mac Awlies report of the Counsel held in Ulster for the Spaniards landing. THE Affairs of Monster thus digested, A Regiment sent by the L. Precedent into Connaght. the Precedent, according to the Lord Deputies directions, expedited (with munition and victuals) one thousand Foot into Connaght, under the command of Sir Francis Barkley. The List of the Captains and Companies, were as followeth, viz. Sir Francis Barkley, 100 Foot. Sir Richard Percy, 150. Sir Gerrard Harvie, 150. Sir Edward fits Gerald, 100 Sir john Dowdall, 100 Captain john Bostocke, 100 Captain George Kingsmill, 100 Captain George Blunt, 100 Captain William Power, 100 Besides fifty Horse under the command of Captain Richard Greame; which Regiment was sent to give countenance unto the service of Ballishanon, intended by Sir Henry Docwray, although the Precedent was very loath to spare them at this time, for the rumour of Spanish preparations for Ireland, (which had been secretly whispered all this Spring) was now strongly conceited, Intelligence of the Spaniards coming for Ireland brought the Lo. Precedent sundry ways and confidently believed by all the Irish; And moreover, certain Advertisement hereof was daily brought unto the Precedent from the Irish Merchants Factors in Spain, from the Priests in Italy to the Irish Lords; from the English in France to their private friends, all of them agreeing in one; add hereunto the constant Asseverations of james fits Thomas the titulary Earl, than a condemned prisoner, who after his apprehension and condemnation, being often examined, was still confident of the Spaniards coming; and being demanded his cause of knowledge, answered, That the Spanish Friar Don Matheo de Oviedo, (whom they call Archbishop of Dublin) did assure him of the King's pleasure therein, and to hasten the same, he took his journey from Spain in February last, leaving great store of plate and other riches for a pledge behind him. And being farther examined concerning Florence Mac Carty, jam. fits Tho●● his ●eport of Flo. Mac Carty. he answered that the said Florence, did ever by sight (or otherwise) acquaint him with what the Precedent wrote unto him, and did continually swear, protest, and give all outward assurance, never to desist in this action, but to persevere therein to the end; and that the Spaniards and Rebels of Ulster did build their principal hopes of Monster, upon himself and Florence Mac Carty: all this was also verified by certain intelligences, which the Lord Barry received from Dermond Mac Awley lately come from the North, the effect whereof was thus much: When the Spanish Archbishop was to return into Spain in February last, there was a Council holden in Ulster by Tyrone Odonnell, The report which Dermond Mac Awley made of the Council held in Ulster about the fittest place for the Spaniards landing in Ireland. the said Bishop, and all the chief Traitors of those parts, john of Desmond, Lixnaw, Pierce Lacie, Donoghe Mac Cormock, and this D●rmond Mac Awley, being called thereupon; the chiefest matter debated in this consultation was, what place of Ireland was the most convenient, where the Spanish forces should make their arrival. It was without much difficulty or gainsaying resolved, for all respects Monster was the fittest Province to be invaded; then it remained to consider what place in that Province they should first attempt; and concerning this point the Monster men were required to deliver their opinions: Pierce Lacie began and urged certain reasons, why he thought it most requisite for them first to gain Limerick, and plant there, because the Provinces of Connaght and Linster were near at hand, to minister aid to the Spanish Army, and Ulster was not far distant, being also the place most remote from England, especially for shipping: All the rest being induced by these reasons to subscribe unto his opinion, Donoghe Mac Cormock stood up, and withstood this Council, saying that Mac Cartie More (from whose mouth he said he spoke it) upon mature deliberation, Meaning Florence Mac Carty. did advise their coming to Cork; for the taking of that place would be of most importance, as well for the countenancing of the action (where the Precedent most resided) as the magazines of victuals and munitions were placed there, and also it being a far better outlet than the River of Limerick, the City weaker and sooner forced: And lastly in landing there, they should border upon Barry, Roche, Cormock Mac Dermond, and Mac Carty Reughe; all which for fear of their estates, were partially affected to the English, and by that means, either constrain them to conjoin with them in the action, or else to make their Country and people a prey unto the Army. After long disputation the Council of Florence delivered by Donoghe Mac Cormock was most applauded, and so they concluded to land the Spanish Army in the River of Cork. CHAP. VI Florence Mac Cartie is by the Lord Precedent committed to prison. A brief Collection of Florence Mac Carties treasons and practices with the Rebels; not touching any thing formerly related. UPON these and many other reasons (that shall hereafter be alleged) the Precedent thought that he could not possibly accomplish a service more acceptable to her Majesty, nor profitable for the State, and more available to divert the Spanish preparations, then to commit unto prison and safe custody the body of this Florence, which was accordingly effected about the beginning of june, one thousand six hundred and one, Florence Mac Carty by the Lord Precedent committed to prison. a man so pernicious and dangerous to the State, which had sundry ways broken his several protections; upon his apprehension (which was in Cork) the Precedent took present order that search should be made in the Palace (his chief house in Desmond) and other places of his abode, for all such Letters and writings, as could therein be found, whereby was discovered such a Sea of rebellious and traitorous practices, as her Majesty and her honourable Council (being acquainted therewith) thought good that he should be sent into England with the Arch-traytortitulary Earl of Desmond, james fits Thomas. The conduction of these two firebrands of Monster upon the fourteenth of August, 1601. was committed to the charge of Sir Anthony Cook, who brought them to the Tower of London, where they yet remain. But for as much as this Florence, hath sithence his commitment, insisted upon his justification, complaining of hard measure offered him, by her Majesty and her Officers: I am therefore constrained (though much against my will) for satisfaction of all indifferent men, Well-willers, and confutation of all malicious Cavillers, to lay open briefly (as I may) his whole carriage and conversation, Here followeth a brief collection of Flor. Mac Carties treasons and practices with the Rebels, and continueth unto the end of the chapter not touching anything formerly related. since his late landing within this kingdom, forbearing to insist upon such points, as have already been touched in this relation. Thou mayest be pleased therefore to understand gentle Reader, that the rebels of Monster being grown to such an exceeding strength as you have heard; and amongst these donnel Mac Cartie, Florence his base brother in Law (one of the chief) her Majesty thought good to diminish their forces, with sparing as much blood, and expending as little treasure as conveniently might be; and therefore knowing that Florence Mac Cartie was better beloved in the Country than donnel, having made many solemn vows, and taken many voluntary oaths for his continued loyalty, was dispatched into Ireland in the month of May, 1599 and to the end he might be the more encouraged, and better enabled to do her Highness' service, it pleased her Majesty to direct her favourable Letters to Robert Earl of Essex (than Lord Lieutenant of Ireland) authorising him to give order for Letters Patents to be made, containing an effectual grant to the said Florence Mac Cartie, and Ellen his wife, and to the Heirs males of their bodies lawfully begotten, of all the Country of Desmond, and such other Lands, whereof he had any estate of inheritance: but withal authorising the said Lord Lieutenant and Council, to stay those Letters Patents in the Hamper, or deliver them (according as they should see cause) in the proof they should make of the behaviour of the said Florence: Now that ye may see in what dutiful manner he requi●ed this trust, in what grateful manner this kindness, and in what religious manner these oaths; I will recite a part of the examination of john Anias taken before Sir Nicholas Welsh, and justice Comerford, which may explain the same, the thirteenth of October, 1600. He saith, The examination of john Anias. that in May last, Florence Mac Cartie sent one Maur. More to him, wishing him to repair to his Lodging at Cork, and that Florence was desirous to be acquainted with him; whereupon he came to Florence, and in Florence his Chamber, he the said Florence, (and none other but they two being present) said that he understood that this Examinate was an Engineer, and one that had skill in devising and erecting of Fortifications, and that he would willingly employ him in the like. Anias' demanding of Florence, what or where he would have his Works raised? He answered, at Dunkerran, wherein he might upon any occasion of extremity defend himself, and james fits Thomas against the English, and also wherein he might give succour to such Spaniards as should come to their aid, etc. Whereby the indifferent Reader may perceive with what prepared hatred, and prepensed malice this Gallant was affected, even in this first scene of his devilish Tragedy; that there might be no indecorum, Collections out of the examination of Owen Osulevan. his subsequent proceedings were in all points correspondent to these timely beginnings: For having now left Cork, and gotten footing in his (supposed) Country of Desmond, he wrote several Letters to the Gentlemen near adjoining, namely the O Sulevan, Mac Finnin, the two Odonoghs, and others, to assemble at a time and place apppointed, to create him Mac Cartie More; Florence assumed the title of Mac Carty More and whosoever he was that refused to come, he persecuted as his mortal enemy; and hereof Owen Osulexan, (eldest son to Sir Owen Osulevan Owen Osulevan preyed. deceased) had woeful experience: for upon his absence from his meeting, he caused the Bonoghs (which he had now entertained) to pray and rob the said Owen, and some of his Tenants, taking one john Oge prisoner; and when the said Owen made suit unto him for release of the prisoner, he answered, that he would keep him as his Pledge, to be true to him as Mac Cartie More, to follow his war, and keep his peace. But when he found that this course would not establish and secure unto him that Dignity and high Title (after which he so greedily gaped) than he solicited Tyrone by frequent Letters, and importunate Messengers to come for Monster, pretending many furtherances that thereby should arise to the Catholic cause, but desiring the same chiefly to his own end, that he might be by him and the Romish Clergy saluted Mac Cartie More; He joineth with Tirone, and is confirmed by him Mac Carty More. and therefore Tirone coming into the Province about the first day of March, Florence posted with all speed to his Camp, and the fourth of the same he combined with him, and was sworn upon a Mass Book, to be true to Tirone, and prosecute all hostility and cruel war against the English; Ex examinatione Owen Osulevan. And to the intent it may appear that this was no feigned or counterfeit Narration of Owen Osulevan, you shall in part perceive by his own Letters written to Donogh Moyle Mac Cartie, A letter from Florence to Donogh Mo●le Mac Carty. upon this occasion: This Donogh (whether grown weary of the wars, or for some other cause (I know not) determined to continue himself and his followers in subjection, and for the same cause had submitted himself to Sir Warham St ledger, and Sir Henry Power, Commissioners appointed for the government of that Province, until the coming of Sir George Carew to be Precedent; Florence Mac Cartie, either to advance the Catholic cause, or else desirous that all his neighbours should run with him to the like excess of riot, joining with Owen Mac Eggan, a Popish Priest, and most infamous rebel, and Odonevan, sent Letters to the said Donogh Mac Cartie, as followeth. The Letter. Cousin Donogh, we have us commended to yourself, and to your brother Florence: I have (I assure you) taken the pains to come hither to Tyrone, not so much for any danger of my own, as to sau● the Country of Carbery from danger and destruction, which if it be once destroyed, your living (in my opinion) will grow very scarce. These two Gentlemen, your Brother Odonevan, and Owen Mac Eggan, are very careful with me of your good. Therefore if ever you will be ruled by us, or tender the wealth of yourself and your Country, we are hereby earnestly to request you, to come and meet us to morrow at Clo●dghe; and so requesting you not to fail hereof in any wise, to Gods keeping I commit you. Oneales' Camp at Iniscare, Martij 2. 1599 subscribed Your very loving Friends, Florence Mac Cartie. Owen Mac Eggan. donnel Odonevan. Tyrone finding that Florence was not only forward in his own person but also a fartherer of others, making new Proselytes the children of perdition, aswell as himself, by the consent of all the Popish Bishops, Friars, and jesuits, and all the Irish Nobility there assembled, created him Mac Cartie More, using in this creation all the Rites and Ceremonies accustomed amongst the ancient Irish. Tyrone having left the Province in the latter end of March, this new Mac Cartie More did so well remember his vows made to Tyrone (although he quite forgot those that he formerly made to her Majesty) as in the very next Month, namely in April, 1600. he used all his policy, He fought with her Majesty's forces. power and industry, to defeat the Queen's forces, under the command of Captain Flower, but because I have formerly touched his proceedings therein, I will not trouble the Reader again with vain tautologies, and needless repetitions. In the Month of May, immediately following, by the importunate mediation of the Earl of Thomond, He gave intelligence unto james fits Thomas. and john fits edmond's, he came to the Precedent at Cork, but he had no sooner left the Town but he sent present word to the Arch-rebel james fits Thomas, aswell of his particular proceedings with the Precedent, as of all such intelligence (as he could possible understand) to give impediment to the service, all which may appear by a Letter remised from the said james unto him, the true Copy whereof here ensueth. james fits Thomas his Letter unto him. MY good Lord and Cousin, your Letters of the eighteenth of May, I received the five and twentieth of the same, wherein you relate the manner of your proceedings with the Precedent at Cork, and also of his determination towards the West of my Country: I thank God I prevented that which he expected here, for all the good pledges of the Country are committed to Castlemange, for their constant behaviour in this our action; the Precedent with his force is come to Limerick, and intended presently to draw towards Askeiton, where I purpose with my Army to resist him, I pray you the better to further the service, and the more to cool the bloody desire of our Enemy; let me entreat you to put in effect, the meaning of my last Letters, by drawing your forces to join with me here, which being done, I doubt not under God to perform service, that shall redound to the general quiet of our Country, and so referring the due consideration hereof (to your Lordship's careful usage) I commit you to the most Mighty: From the Camp at Adare this first of june, 1600. Your very loving Cousin, james Desmond In the foresaid Month, the said Florence sent Teg Oholloghan and Donoghe Offaly to Owen Osulevan, His farther practices related by Owen Osulevan. using many strong Motives and forcible persuasions to him, that he should join with them (in action) against her Majesty, assuring him, that all the Osulevans would presently show themselves publicly for the Catholic cause, if they might perceive that he would partake with them, and afterwards james fits Thomas being taken Prisoner by Dermond O Conner towards the latter end of this said Month, Florence came in person to his rescue unto Castle Lyshin. Also Owen Osulevan being with Florence Mac Cartie at the Palace, His malicious speeches. heard him say, that he had almost as willingly die, as come under the English government, and persuaded all those he spoke with, to be obstinate in action, telling him how long Ireland had been tyrannically governed by English men: All which Osulevan aforesaid did relate unto the Precedent, and thereto took his corporal oath the one and twentieth of March, 1600. In july, he taking upon him regal authority within Desmond, He instituted a Sheriff of his own making in Desmond. as Mac Cartie More sent first to ne donnel F●rrers to be Sheriff of that Country, persuading him that it would be very beneficial unto him, which the said donnel refused, answering that he would not take that authority upon him, except he could show him a warrant from the Precedent, authorising him to make such election, as he knew the like heretofore granted to the Earl of Clancare in the times of trouble; whereupon he appointed another, named Muriertagh Mac Teg to the same office. Ex Examinatione donnel F●rrers. In August, Sir Charles Wilmot first planted his Garrisons in Kerry, and how glad this dissembling hypocrite was of his neighbourhood; besides his own manifold Letters sent to Sir Charles (full of God dam him) if he were not heartily glad of his good success here; you shall perceive partly by the examination of the said Ferrer, The examination of donnel Ferrer. in haec verba: When the Precedent in August, 1600. settled Garrisons in Kerry, Florence caused the Castle of Killorglan appertaining to Master jenkin Conway, an Undertaker, to be burned, fearing lest Sir Charles Wilmot should plant himself there; and when as the Governor afterward placed this Examinat therein, he sent some of his kern and took all his prey, threatening to pull them all out by the heels, having no other quarrel against him, but only because he repaired the same Castle: He also relieved the Knight of the Valley at his house of the Palace: And after (the said Florence was protected by the Precedent) he relieved likewise Thomas fits Maurice the Baron of Lixnaw, and ceased his Bonoghs in Desmond; but more plainly by examination of james Welsh taken the tenth of May, 1601. as followeth. When james fits Thomas was in Kerry in September last, Florence Mac Cartie persuaded him to remain there, The examination of james Welsh. promising him all the aid that he could give him, and being in his departure towards Arlogh, he sent Thomas Oge after him, praying him to return, and he would bring him to the kill of Sir Charles Wilmot, and the Garrison of Traley that was with him, etc. And when he saw that james fits Thomas would not follow his Council, but would needs go to take Arlogh Mountains for his refuge; he wrote a Letter in Irish (which the said james Welsh read) directed unto Cahir Mac Shane Glass Omulrian in Ormond, desiring him to levy for him in those parts six hundred Foot, which if he could not do, then to procure Redmond Burke to get so many for him; and if he failed, then to deal with Captain Tirrell, and that he would pay them upon Desmond. About this time also he sent a traitorous message to the White Knight (by his daughter) Mac Donoghes wife, together with a cunning Letter, written in Irish and translated as followeth. A Letter from Florence to the White Knight. DAmnation, I cannot 〈◊〉 ●●●mend me heartily unto you, as bad as tho● art, and do also most heartily commend m●e to your wife, and to your two Sons, I would be very glad to speak with you for your good; and because I cannot speak with you myself, yet I would ha●● 〈◊〉 in any wi●e credit your daughter Mistress Mac Donoghe concerning me, and to believe from me, whom she sends, or what she sends you word of, by a trusty Messenger; I would have you to determine about Pierce Oge, and that I may speak with you, I mean about Gor●●et●berd, or Tullylease, send word to Pierce, and Dermond of the day with him, and send me word, and I will come without all fail: In the mean time I leave you to God, Palace this seven and twentieth of August, 1600. Your assured loving Friend. Florence Mac Cartie. This Letter was delivered, The message he sent by mistress Mac Donogh. and expounded to the Precedent by the White Knight: Pierce Oge before mentioned, was Pierce Lucy, the message which he sent by Mac Donoghs wife, was to reprove him for his submission to the Queen, and to incite him to enter again into rebellion, and if he would not be advised by him, and himself not able to maintain the action, that he purposed to agree with Donell Mac Cartie his brother in Law, and to leave the County of Desmond, and the Followers in his hands, and to embark himself into Spain, to procure and hasten the long expected aid. In October, after many and infinite delatory excuses, and protracted delays, he submitted himself to the Precedent, putting in such pledges as before you have heard, and received a Protection for ten days, before the expiration, whereof he earnestly laboured Cormock Mac Dermond about the marriage betwixt the Arch-rebel james fits Thomas and his Sister, He practised a marriage for james fits Thomas. promising to the said Cormock, all the Lands that he had in Carbery, and undertaking that the said Earl should give farther unto him, such portions of Lands as should be to his own content, so that he would consent to this marriage, and join in this wicked combination. The next Month, divers means were made to Thomas Oge, Constable of Castlemange, His practice to hinder the rendering of Castlemange, & 〈◊〉 Lacy's children to her Majesty. by the Governor of Kerry, and the young Earl of Desmond (lately come out of England) about the delivery of that Cast●e to her Majesty's use; Florence receiving notice hereof, made many journeys to the said Thomas Oge, urging him with forcible persuasions not to relinquish the said Castle to the English, promising that he would undertake upon his own charge and peril, to see him furnished with victuals (and all other necessaries) from time to time, whereof he should stand in need; and when he perceived an inclination in the said Thomas Oge (notwithstanding his persuasions) to yield the Castle, he assayed by a crafty wile, to have conveyed away the two Sons of Pierce Lacie, which were held as pledges for Ia●es fits Thomas within that Castle; but the plot being frustrate (by mere accident) the children and Castle were within short time after delivered to the State. When Sir Charles Wilmot came into Kerry with her Majesty's forces, Florence Mac Cartie (as Thomas Oge, The examination of Thomas Oge. upon his examination confessed) entreated james fits Thomas to make the war there, whereunto he assented: But james could not persuade the Bonoghs unto it; Also after that Dermond O Conner had enterprised the taking of james fits Thomas, he did then promise him to enter into open action of Rebellion, and to that end he solicited Dermond Mac Owen, Mac Awley, Okeefe, Mac Finnin, Owen Mac Teg Carty and others. And when Tyrone was in Monster, Florence desired him to make it known to the King of Spain, that he would serve him faithfully; for the assurance whereof, the said Florence wrote a Letter to the King, and gave it to Tyrone to be sent into Spain: And also took his corporal oath to perform his promises; whereupon Tyrone styled and confirmed him Mac Carty More; he also told the said Thomas Oge, that if the Spaniards did not land by May next, he would go into the North, and from thence into Spain. And after that james fits Thomas was broken, he told this examinat, that if james could get Forces out of Ulster, the said Florence would join with him. Farther, Florence enticed Connocke Mac Dermond to enter into rebellion, and marry his Sister to james fits Thomas, who should give unto him Kerry, whereby that his eldest Son should marry Cormocks Daughter, and Cormocks eldest Son to marry his daughter, who in marriage with her would give Carrigenesse with twelve Plowlands; which marriage, he proposed for their firmer union in their rebellious enterprise: And that he had loaden a Bark with Irish commodities to be sent beyond the Seas, which should return him munition, etc. Many other treasonable actions, and traitorly speeches, acted and spoken by the said Florence; the same Thomas Oge related unto the Lord Precedent, which for brevity's sake I have omitted, which was taken at Moyallo by the Precedent in january, 1600. The Precedent not holding himself sufficiently assured of Florence with his two pledges, He recals his Son that should have been his pledge, upon advertisements from Tyrone. his base brother and kinsman, still importuned the bringing of his eldest Son, according to his promise upon his first protection; he having no pretext for his longer stay, sent to Owen Mac Teg Mergagh in Desmond to carry his said Son to Cork, there to be left as a pledge for him; within a few days after this message sent, Florence receiving advertisement from Tyrone, of certain Spaniards landed in the North, and hearing continual rumours of Northern forces, to infest the Province, dispatched a Messenger to the said Owen Mac Teg mergagh to make stay of his Son for a longer time; viz. until he might perceive what would be the issue of those preparations; but before the Messenger could come, the said Owen was with the child upon his way, and come to Cork, before the said Messenger overtook him, but had not as yet delivered the child out of his own custody; wherefore receiving this countermand, he secretly conveyed the child out of the City, and returned with him again into Desmond, where he was kept as before, until Florence had seen that there was neither Irish nor Spaniards appeared to his aid, succour and comfort. In the Month following, He writeth Letters to the Traitors in Ulster. namely in january, he sent divers Letters to Tyrone and other his fellow traitors in the North, and from them received several answers, whereof some part chanced to come to our hands, which we will here insert; and first there doth offer itself, one Letter written by Donogh Mac Cormock to the King of Spain, in the name of Florence Mac Cartie, the tenor whereof was as followeth. A Letter from Donoghe Mac Cormock in the name of Florence to the King of Spain. HAving received direction from the Earl of Clancare, I would not omit this opportunity; at the departure of the Archbishop of Dublin, and Don Martin de La Cerda, to make known to your Majesty, how the said Earl hath written to your Majesty by two or three ways; but understanding that these Letters came not to your Royal hands, he hath now again written by me to your Majesty, making offer as well of his person and lands, as of his vassals and Subjects to your Royal service; humbly beseeching your Majesty to receive favour, and aid him with your power and liberal hand, seeing there is no other that can and will assist us better against these Heretics in this holy Enterprise: From Donegall the fifth of january 1601. Your Majesty's loyal Vassal to kiss your Royal hands, Donoghe Cartie. This Letter as it should seem was originally written (and the Copy sent to Florence) by one Thomas Shelton, who wrote herewith other Letters unto him of his own as followeth. A Letter from Shelton to Florence Mac Carty. MY honourable Lord, by direction of the Lord Archbishop of Dublin, and at the request of Mac Donogh (your agent here) I did write a Letter addressed to the King of Spain, subscribed by him; In which was signified ●ow by your directi●●, he had made offer of your service to his Majesty; the Copy of which Letter goeth here enclosed: what the news and hopes of Spain are, the bearer will fully inform you. This only rests; that as I have ever desired to serve your Lordship, so finding now the opportunity of this Bearer, I would not omit so fit an occasion to kiss your honourable hands, and signify that respect I have ever borne towards you; God preserve and assist yo● in all your designs, that we may live to see accomplished by you, these things (whereof your noble beginnings give an assured hope.) Donegall I●●●ary the sixth, sub. Your most affectionate Friend. Thomas Shelton. He received also at the same time other Letters in Spanish (thus Englished) from the said Archbishop, subscribed, To the most Excellent Earl, Florence Mac Cartie. A Letter from the Spanish Archbishop of Dublin, to Florence Mac Cartie. RIght Honourable Lord, God is my witness, that after my arrival in Ireland, having knowledge of your Lordship's valour and learning, I had an extreme desire to see, communicate, and confer with so principal a personage; but the danger of the way would not permit me: I am now departing into Spain, with grief that I have not visited those parts; but I hope shortly to return into this Kingdom, and into those parts to your satisfaction; and be assured, that I will perform with his Majesty, the office that a Brother ought to do, that he should send from Spain. Because by letter I cannot speak any more, I leave the rest until sight. The Lord have your Lordship in his keeping according to my desire. From Donegall the sixteenth of january, 1601. You Mateo Arçobispo de Dublin. After all this, namely in February next following, the said falsehearted Florence, H● wr●te to O D●nnell. wrote certain Letters to O Do●●●ll, the contents whereof may be gathered by the answer, that the said O Donell remised in Irish thereunto, and therefore I have thought good to remember the same (translated) in this place. O Donnels Answer. Our commendations to you Mac Cartie: We have received the Letter you sent the fourteenth of October, and we swear by our word, that you are no less grieved, for that you see us not, than we ourselves, and it was not more your mind to have aid, than ours to send unto you, if we could for the great trouble it would be to ourselves, to intend you, and by your hand, there was not many in Ireland more of the mind then mine own person, to have gone to visit you, had not the strangers neighboured upon my Country, and (as you know) my Country lying on the Sea, and they having the secrecy thereof to do their endeavours, to conquer what they may upon the same, which they would not do upon a Country not lying upon the Sea: You shall receive what News of Spaniards came to these parts by john fits Thomas, and Donogh Mac Cormock, and whatsoever they brought with them, we impart with you, and do provide for the same, men to send unto you, if they may be had. Our Commendations to Patrick Condon, and to the rest of our friends in those parts. Your very assured Friend, Hugh Odonnell. The Earl of Thomond, at the request of the Lord Precedent, The examination of Teg Ma● Gillipatrick. sent a Priest called Teg Mac Gillipatrick, as a Spy into Ulster, to learn what news he could get among the Rebels there, returned the one and twentieth of February, 1600, and came to the Lord Precedent at Moyallo, reporting that at his being at Donegall, in the Christmas Holy days, Tirone, Odonnell, and most of the Northern Captains being there present, made a new combination to continue the Rebellion; at which assembly, the Spanish Archbishop of Dublin was present, then ready to depart for Spain, with sixteen Irish Priests in his company: for the better assurance of their confederacy, the Sacrament was solemnly received by them all. At the same time, Teg Mac Gillipatrick (the Priest aforesaid) did see a Letter of Florence Mac Carties, lately sent to Tirone by a Messenger of his own, which he heard read openly, the Contents whereof was, That he protested he was not fallen from them, but had made a peace with the Lo: Precedent of Monster, until May next, and that then he was at liberty. One Dermond Mac Cartie, a kinsman and dependant upon Florence, and by him (as is supposed) was sent into Spain, where he continued his Intelligencer many years, and by the Spaniards called Don Dermutio Cartie, wrote a Letter unto his Master Florence, dated at the Groin the ninth of March, 1600. A long letter in Spanish, the material points whereof are thus abstracted and Englished: That he was glad to hear that his Lordship upon the fift●enth of December last, A letter abstracted w●itten out of Spain from Dermond Mac Carty unto Floremce was landed at Cork, after his eleven years' restraint in England, whereof three of them in the Tower of London; that his Imprisonment was not for marrying of the Earl of Clan Cares daughter without leave, as was pretended, but upon suspicion which the State had of his loyalty, which he understood by Letters written from the Lord deputy, and Treasurer of Ireland to the Queen, (which was intercepted and brought into Spain) wherein it was suggested, that he having so many kinsmen, friends, and followers, and himself (who was known to bear affection to Spaniards) it were fit he were restrained; and that this only was the cause of his eleven years' restraint. Wherefore he advised him, not to put any confidence in the English: for if they once again lay hold upon him, they would never enlarge him. He advised him to certify his Majesty, how much he was his Servant, what Towns and places he could put into his hands, what number of men of war he could serve him withal; and if he could surprise Cork, he should be well supplied by the King of Spain. That he might send his Letters (written to the King) unto Don Diego Brochero, (who is a great favourer of the Irish Nation, and in great credit with the King) by which means they would be safely delivered, as also his Letters unto him, for the solicitation of his business. That within three days he might send him answer from the Groin, which he could not do unto Oneale, and O donnel, who were so far off in the North of the Kingdom, and advised him to write unto them, that they in like manner should direct their Letters to Don Diego Brochero; but if he would not write unto him, he would advise with Don Diego, and repair himself unto him into Ireland. Lastly, he hoped that the King of Spain would the next Spring send an Army into Ireland. It would be too tedious to set down at large all the manifest proofs of Flor●●ce his juggling Treasons; wherefore I will for brevity sake, relate but a few more Abstracts of Letters and Examinations which here ensue. The thirteenth of May 1600. Tirone wrote to Florence. Florence received Letters from Tyrone, wherein he prayeth him, that he would constantly presevere in the Catholic cause, as he had promised, that aid should come unto him from the North by Lammas next: That he had written in his favour to the King of Spain, commended his service, and prayed the King to give him assistance. Tyrone wrote unto both the Osulevans▪ Tyrone wrote to the Osulevans to obey Flor. requiring them to give obedience unto Florence; for he had complained of them. Tyrone threatening the said Os●levans, that if they did not obey him (as they ought) he would with his forces come into Monster to destroy them: Dated the thirtieth of October, 1599 Tyrone to Florence, Tyrone to Florence. dated the seventeenth of April, 1600. that according to the trust and confidence he had in him, and his Confederates in Monster, they should fight valiantly against the English, whereunto they were bound in conscience and for their Country's good. Another from Tyrone to Florence Mac Cartie, Tyrone to Florence. dated the second of May 1600. wherein he signifieth unto him of the arrival of the Pope's Archbishop of Dublin: And of present aides from Spain, he thanked God that the Earl of Ormond is taken, he incited him to entertain as many Bonoghs as he● can against their enemies, that he hath acquainted the King of Spain of his service, unto whom he hath sent his Son Henry Oneale, and that he would shortly send him aid. Garret Liston of Skehanaghe in the County of Limerick Gentleman being examined upon oath said, The examination of Garret Liston. that Florence Mac Cartie met with james fits Thomas at Belaghafenan two miles from Castle maine, where james challenged him for not coming unto him with his forces, to fight with the Lord Precedent as he had promised, whom after he had with smooth language pacified▪ he protested solemnly, and took his oath in the presence of james fits Thomas, Mac Awlife, Thomas Oge, Muriertaghe Mac Shihie, john Vlicke and this Examinat, that he would continue with james fits Thomas in this action. And although james should give over the rebellion (which he termed a just warre) yet he himself would keep life in it, so long as he could get any to follow him, etc. This examination was taken by the Lord Precedent the twentieth of August, 1600. Another from O●e●le to Florence Tyrone to Fl●rence. dated the sixth of February 1600. wherein he exhorteth him to serve valiantly against the Pagan Beast; That before he did write unto him again, he should see trouble enough in England itself; and that yea●e, May ensuing, the wars of Ir●land would be easy. And for that the cause of Monster was left unto him, he wished that no imbecility should be found in him, and that the time of help was near. Florence Mac Carties' wife told Sir Charles Wilmot, His wife's report to Sir Charles Wilmot. that her husband's heart was malicious to the State, and that he would never come in, but upon necessity, and that all he did intend, or make show of to the Precedent was but to gain time. Shilie wife to Osulevan More, and Sister to Florence Mac Cartie, in September, 1600. speaking with the Lord Precedent, His Sister's report of the Lord Precedent. exclaimed upon her Brother, as the cause of her Husband's imprisonment with the Rebels, and praying his advice and help for his enlargement; he told her there was no way to obtain his liberty, but to give his oath and promise, to enter into action of rebellion, and persuaded her to give him that advise. Thomas Oge being examined, The examination of Thomas Oge. said that Florence Mac Cartie told him, upon the delivery of his first pledge; that if all the children living were in her Majesty's hands for his loyalty, or any other Follower, he would lose no opportunity, if Tyrone were able to assist his enterprise with any sufficient forces, or if Spaniards did ●and. james fits Thomas upon the eighteenth of june, The examination of james fits Thomas. 1601. being examined by the Lord Precedent, said that Florence Mac Carty did evermore acquaint him with all that passed between him and the Precedent, and did continually swear and protest, that he would persevere in the action to the end; and that the principal hopes of the Spaniards and Ulster Rebels, were built upon the help & succour of himself, and Florence Mac Carty. And to what purposes he employed himself in the times immediately following, until the time of his imprisonment, may be gathered aswell by that which hath heretofore been delivered, The examination of Gillernow Okelly. as by the examination of one Gillernow Okelly, a Connaght man, taken by Sir Francis Barkley, who being deposed; said that Florence Mac Carty sent his Letter and promise to Tyrone, to give Bonnogh to Redmond Burke, and six hundred men upon Desmond and Carbery, and himself with one thousand more of his own, would meet the said Redmond Burke in Arloghe; and at the same time he saw four and twenty Letters written by Tyrone, directed to Florence, and the Traitors in Monster. You have already perceived that this cunning hypocritical Traitor, hath written Letters to the Arch-traytors, james fits Thomas, Tyrone, and Odonnell; and besides hath sent, or at the least procured Letters to be sent to the King of Spain; moving and entreating him to invade her Majesty's kingdom: And now for a perclose of all you shall behold, (Ne quid desit ad summam impudentiam) that he might equal, if not exceed the most impudent and barbarous Traitor; his Letters sent to his holy Father the Pope, the contents whereof are as followeth. A Letter from Tyrone, james fits Thomas, Florence Mac Carty, and Mac Donogh to the Pope. SAnctissime Pater, cum superioribus annis Dei summi nutu & voluntate excitati ad recuperandum Hoc regnum ab Anglorum gra●issimo jugo, qui & Religionem & Regionem vi & tyrannide multis seculis occupa●ere, id nunctandem post multa pericula exantlata, pro majore parte excussimus, sanctitati vestrae exponimus, quod prima nobis & praecipua fuit cura perpetuoque erit, statum Ecclesiae, hîc fere extinctum in integrum restituere & collapsum redintegrare, ita apud nos judicantes nostrarum partium esse, vitam ipsam omnemque substantiam nostram in eo augendo impendere, id quod libentiori animo praestare conamur (ut non dicamus cogimur) quia nisi tempestive communi malo in utroque statu occurserimus nobiscum deterius longe actum fuisset quam Turcae solent agere, cum sibi subditis Christianis adeo ut vel fugae esset consulend' vel hic mors obeunda. Rebus itaque in angustias has redactis, ad quem majore spe jureque accedere cujusque opem implorare possumus, ac dobemus, quam ad te Pater spirituum in terris, ut filijs spiritualibus miserè adhue afflictis jugoque longe graviore & crudeliore quam Pharaonico attritis adsis. Quod nos speramus à pietate tua consecuturos exemplo omnium afflictorum, qui ad sedem tuam in talibus aerumnis accedentes opem atque desider atiorem exitum fuerunt consecuti. Ad te igitur communem omnium afflictorum, praesertim fidei causa laborantium pium & bene volum Patrem, tanquam a● unicum nostrum refugium & tutissimum asylum confugimus, fusisque lachrimis humiliter petimus, ut nostros gemitus audiat, vota suscipiat, ac postulatus concedat, ut eorum ora obstruantur franganturque vires qui oderunt Zion, ac impediunt diruta jerusalem denuo reaedificari Maenia, ubi si nobis credere dignetur tua Sanctitas; Nunquam antecessores nostri ex tempore quo Regnum hoc in manus Anglorum devenerat, adjutores fuerant quam nos sumus ad fidem à nostro Apostolo Sancto Patricio, traditam suscipiendum ad eamque (proh dolour) in his partibus fere e●tinctam hactenus & pene sepultam excusso jam pro parte Anglorum jugo exsuscitandam, promovendam, augendam, & amplificandam; Quia nihil aliud in his votis habemus quam videre Dei gloriam & sidei orthodoxae propugnationem: annuere itaque dignetur vestra sanctitas nostris petitionibus, qui spretis honoribus & commodis quibuscunque diem ulteriorem vivere non desideramus, quam videre Dei Ecclesiam toto orbe ●●orentem: petimus autem inprimis, ut ad majora fidei incrementa illis sedibus vacantibus in hoc Regno ij qui vita moribus & literatura sunt conspicui, quique in negotio fidei promovendo plurimum nobiscum laborant praeficiantur, quosque nobiscum Reverendissimus Corcagen' ac Cloanen' Episcopus nominavit ac comm●ndavit tanquam idonei Pastores ad Dei gregem verbo et exemplo instruendum, ne indignis qui sine ordine & fortasse summ● cum authoritate & ambitione seize animarum curae ingererent, nisi occurreretur aditus pateat. Quod ut petamus movemur propter summam animarum jacturam, quam ob Pastorum paucitatem in utraque Monioniae provincia qui undecim Episc●patus sub Metropoli Cassilensi complectitur: excipimus enim Reverend' Corcagen' & Cloaneum qui senio & labour jam pen● est confectus, nostri potiuntur, & hoc eo confidentius petimus, quia qui electi consecrati, & ad nos dimissi fuerunt à vestra sacrosancta sede ad vacuas hijs in partibus sedes occupandas à nobis pro viribus in ijsdem Deigracia defendantur, ut gregibus sibi Commissis tuto invigilare queant. Insuper desideramus ut quemadmodum felicis recordationis Pius Quintus, Pontifex Maximus contra Reginam Angliae ejusque fautores Bullam excommunicationis ediderat; Necnon Gregorius 13. eandem continuaverat, ac vim habere in bello Giraldinarum indicavit; similem quoque sententiam ad hoc bellum promovendum, & ad felicem exitum deducendum, Sanctitas vestra emittere dignetur ac generatim sanctitati vestrae affectu quo possumus maximo regnum hoc vestrum à te solo post Deum dependens nosque humiles tuos subditos una cum procuratoribus praesentium latoribus quos pro nobis & nostro nomine deputamus, quique fuse & veraciter omnia quae in hoc bello gessimus adjuti eorum opera & doctrina viva voce aperient plenius. Deprecantes ut Sancta vestra indubiam illis fidem dignetur adhibere eidem committimus & commendamus. Dat' in Castris nostris Catholicis 30. Martij 1600. Sanctitatis vestrae Obedientissimi filij & fidelissmi subditi, Oneale. james Desmond. Mac Cartie More. Dermond Mac Cartie, Tyr●ne. ja. fits Th●m. Flor. Mac Cartie. Dermond Mac Owen Cartie. alias Mac Donogh. I will not trouble the understanding Reader with any long Commentary upon this plain Text; but only will demand one question, whether that man which shall suggest, that her Majesty's Subjects are in worse case than the Christians under the Turks, that her Majesty's government is more tyrannical than that of the Egyptian Pharaoh, that shall prefer a supplication into the Court of Rome, to have his anointed Prince excommunicated as an Heretic, and deposed as an Usurper; whether this man may be adjudged to carry a loyal heart to that Prince, or deemed worthy to live in that Common wealth. For my own part I cannot suppose his leprosy like that of Naaman which may be cleansed with washing seven times in jordan; but like that of Gehezi, which will stick to him and his posterity for ever, and that he may ingeniously confess with ever-cursed Cain, Peccata mea majora sunt quam condonari queant, my sins are greater than can be forgiven; but fearing lest this digression will be as over tedious to thee in reading, as it hath been unpleasant to me in writing, I will now proceed in my purposed relation. CHAP. VII. Dermond Mac Owen, Teg Mac Dermond, and Moyle More Omaghon arrested. Dermond Mac Owen's answer to the Lord Precedent. The services which the Monster Regiment performed in Connaght, under the conduct of Sir Francis Ba●kley. THE Lord Precedent, notwithstanding all these intelligences of Spanish succours, had conceived a good hope, that so soon as the present State of the Province should be known in Spain; namely that the Chieftains were apprehended, and the rest generally appeased, it would be a good means to divert the intended preparations; and yet farther, to secure the Provincials (so far as the wit of man could devise) he called a general Sessions of Goal delivery in Cork, to be holden about the eight and twentieth of july, whither all the Freeholders in that Country were to make their repair, where he intended to lay hold of all such persons, as had been most pernicious in the former wars, and likely to prove most dangerous in after times; Dermond Mac Owen Teg Mac Dermond Moil More Omaghon arrested. these were principally four, Dermond Mac Owen Cartie, alias Mac Donoghe, that was a Partaker in the petition to the Pope's sanctity; an other Teg Mac Dermond Cartie, brother to Cormuck Lord of Muskerry, the third Moil More Omaghon, chief of that Sept of the Omaghons in Kinalmekeghe, and the fourth and last was Dermond Moil Mac Cartie, brother to Florence Mac Cartie so much spoken of. The three former making their appearance at the Sessions, Dermond Moil Mac Cartie fled. were apprehended and committed Prisoners to the gentleman Porter; the fourth knowing himself guilty of many treacherous practices plotted by his brother Florence, durst not adventure himself within the City walls, but kept aloof in Carbery till he heard how the other sped, and then conveyed himself into the North amongst his fellow Rebels. I may not here omit to relate unto you a passage which passed between Dermond Mac Owen aforesaid (the first of the four aforementioned) and the Lord Precedent; The answer of Dermond Mac Owen to the Lord Precedent. when he was first taken in upon protection, did swear and protest that he would remain a good Subject; but (said the Precedent) what if the Spaniards invade Ireland, what would you do then? your Lordship puts me (said he) to a hard question; for if that should happen, let not then your Lordship trust me or the Lords Barry and Roche, or any other whatsoever, that you have best conceit of, for if you do, you will be deceived; this was plain dealing, and in divers it proved true, as hereafter you shall hear. Upon the determination of these Sessions aforesaid, namely in the beginning of August, the Precedent dispatched his Letters to the Lord deputy, and the Council at Dublin, signifying the restraint of these men, and the reasons inducing him thereunto; for they all (being men of turbulent spirits, discontented minds, and ill affected to the English government) could not but prove very dangerous to the State in these doubtful times, foreign invasions being daily expected; and although they had lately submitted themselves, yet was it sufficiently made known unto him, aswell by the confe●●ion of the condemned titulary Earl, as from other of good credit, that it proceeded not from any loyal or dutiful disposition, but by the necessity of the time being constrained, and by the Popish Priests being licenced, they were contented for a time to live in subjection, being no longer able to hold out in rebellion: But yet notwithstanding, he determined to proceed, either in the retaining or releasing of them, as he should be directed by their graver wisdoms: The Lord deputy and Council approved of his proceedings, referring the farther pursuit of these affairs, together with all other matters within his government to his own discretion. You have formerly heard how Sir Francis Barkley was sent with Regiment into Connaght: and although I do confine myself to speak chiefly of the services of Monster, yet this Regiment being still upon the List of Monster, I do not think that I shall err in setting down of any accident of note which it performed. The nineth of August, 9 August. Sir Francis with his Troops lodged at Alphine in the County of Roscoman; the morning following was dark and misty, Odonnell, Orwrk●, Tirrell, and the traytorly Confederates, being fifteen hundred Foot and three hundred Horse, quartering not far from us, presented themselves close to our Camp; Sir Francis Barkley The services which the Monster Regiment performed in Connaght under the conduct of Sir Francis Barkley. finding that his store of munition was but weak, resolved not to fight, but the Enemy growing bold upon our slackness, pressed so boldly upon us, as we were forced to draw out; for two hours there was a hot skirmish, wherein our men served exceeding well, forcing them to retire to their quarter: Of our side there was lost a Gentleman of Captain Kingsmils' Company, and four and twenty hurt: Of the Enemy not so few as eighty slain and hurt. CHAP. VIII. Six thousand men demanded by the Lord Precedent to be sent into Monster to withstand the intended invasion of Spain. The Lord Presidents opinion sent to the Lords of the Council, of the likeliest place where the Spaniards would attempt to land their Forces in Ireland. The effect of the Lords of the Counsels answer to the Lord Precedent. A branch of the Lord Presidents Letter t● Master Secretary Cecil. A Letter from Master Secretary Cecil t● the Lord Precedent. The intelligence had of the Spanish fleet coming for Ireland, and by him sent t● the L●rd Precedent. A branch of Master Secretary Cecils Letter t● the Lord Precedent. THE Lord Precedent from time to time, certified aswell the Lords of her Majesty's privy Council in England, as the Lord deputy and Council at Dublin, of all such intelligences as he received, and probabilities as he conceived of the Spanish preparations: yet long it was before he could induce them, to conceit any such thing: But now at the last, even as a vehement and violent Tempest, Six thousand men demanded by the Lo. Precedent to be sent into Monster, to withstand the intended invasion from Spain. sometimes resoundeth in the air for a good space before it falleth, and the nearer it approacheth, the more palpably and senseably is perceived; such was this tempestuous storm of the Spaniards intended invasion, which was now so universally seconded from all places, that it was generally expected both in England and Ireland; and for this cause the Precedent did earnestly solicit the Council of England that six thousand men might be levied for this service; whereof two thousand to be sent presently for Waterford, and the rest to be in a readiness at an hour's warning, to make speedy repair to the Sea-coast; upon the first notice of this invasion. The Precedent also thought fit to deliver his opinion to the Lords of the Council, The Lo. Presidents opinion sent to the Lords of the Council of the likeliest place which the Spaniards would attempt to land their forces. what places within the Province were most likely for the Spaniards to attempt, & most necessary for her Majesty both in policy and honour to defend: for to prevent their descent in any place, (where themselves thought meet) was by him deemed impossible. But it was to be presumed, that they would attempt such a place, as should be honourable for them to gain, and disadvantageous for her Majesty to lose; And therefore he thought that their descent (most likely) would be at Limerick, Waterford, or Cork; as for the other Towns, they were neither worth their labour to win, ●nor her Majesty's charges to defend: Limericke was far seated within the land, neither could they disimboge from thence without an Easterly wind, (which being rare) it was not likely that they would hazard their Fleet upon such disadvantage: Waterford (though weak and commodious for them) it was so near to England, and especially lying so conveniently for her Majesty's Forces, within that Kingdom, the Deputy on the one side, and the Precedent on the other, being so near at hand, as it was not likely that they would land there: Cork therefore he supposed to be most convenient for them to assail, and most necessary for her Majesty to defend for these reasons: First, because those that had been the greatest dealers about this Invasion in Spain, namely one Dermond Mac Cartie, a near kinsman to Florence, called by the Spaniards, Don Dermutio, did advise (as aforesaid) Florence by Letters, (which were intercepted) to surprise Cork; Secondly, the said Florence did advise the Spanish Archbishop, by his Agent Donogh Mac Cormock, (as you have heard) that Cork was the fittest place for this design; Whereunto both Tyrone and all the Northern Rebels did subscribe. Lastly, her Majesty's Magazines of Victuals, Munition, and Treasure residing there in great quantities, could not without infinite trouble, and great danger be removed: for besides, if they should be removed, either to Limrick or Waterford, neither of those were altogether secure, yet it would give an apparent testimony of fear, conceived of their coming, which would not only amaze the best affected subjects, through the Province, but give occasion to the rest generally to revolt: upon these reasons the Precedent thought fit to assemble all the forces within the Province, (which was then but 1300 Foot, and 200 Horse in List) unto Cork or the places near adjoining, for the manning and making good of that City, which in itself, by the natural situation thereof, was very weak, and of small defence. The Lords by his Letter's understanding his resolution, The effect of the Lords of the Counsels answer to the Lord Precedent. by their Letters dated the twentieth of july (which he received in August following) wrote unto him to this effect; that they would presently send unto him 2000 Foot for his supply: That they would not direct him what he should do if the Spaniards landed, leaving it to his own judgement, as occasion should be offered; saying farther, that where by his own Letters they perceived, (whereunto all men's judgement did agree with him) that Cork was a weak town, & not tenible against a powerful enemy, they thought fit to give him this general rule, that in case he should see such forces arrive, applying themselves to a place of weak defence, (which in his judgement must in the end be carried, that nothing can be more pernicious to her Majesty's cause, and therefore he should not do well to venture his small Forces, where they, with Her Majesty's provisions, were sure to be lost, howsoever he might peradventure think to dispute it for some few days: But the Precedent to make good his resolution, answered their Lordships, and maintaining the same (as by his Letters of the sixth of August may appear) wherewith the Lords rested satisfied, and left him to his own judgement; wherein it seems he did not err, for their intention of landing at Cork proved true, (as hereafter shall appear) whereof for farther testimony of the same, all the Letters which were sent from Spain to Don joan de Aquila, after his landing in Ireland, were directed to Cork, which is an evident argument, that Cork was their design, and that in Spain it was conceived that Don juan was possessed of it, A branch of the L. Presidents Letter to M. Secretary C●cill. and also at the same time he wrote to M. Secretary Cecil upon the same subject, his very words were as followeth. The resolution I held, I still hold, which is to defend and keep Cork, the reasons (in my Letters to the Lords) I have at large discoursed, if Her Majesty shall relinquish any of her walled Cities, (as I am advised to do) all will be lost, and a general revolt will ensue, wherefore it were better to put somewhat in hazard, then apparently to lose all: The town I know to be infinite weak, but many hands is a strong defence, and when the 2000 aides shall come, the enemy shall find it a tough piece of work ●o gain it: To remove the Queen's Magazines, of victuals, Munition, and treasure, (as some do advise) into the Country, I know no place capable of it, nor yet is there any means of carriage (especially in this Harvest time) to convey it away between this and Michaelmas, and to send it by sea, must be either to Waterford or Limricke, (which as far as I know) may prove no less dangerous than at Cork, no man certainly knowing where the Enemy will make his descent: But if the worst should happen, that the Town must be los●, the treasure (at least) shall be saved, and the rest, the Enemy shall never enjoy. The rasing of Shandon is to no purpose, for every Hill and Ditch (near the Town) commands the City no less than it, the defences of earth (which by my directions are in making) are only made to win time; and I have so provided, that the charge of the workmen is borne by the Town and Country, the Queen's expenses is no more, but the use of her Shovels, Spades, Pickaxes and Whildebarrowes, etc. Now we may see how true a Prophet the Precedent was, that the Spaniards would invade Ireland; but like unto Cassandra, until this time could never be believed, which proceeded out of the defects (which both the Lords in England, and the Lord Deputy of Ireland) had of good intelligence, whereof the Precedent was better stored then either of them: of the undoubted likelihood of their coming; Sir Robert Cecil her Majesty's Secretary wrote to the Precedent as followeth. A Letter from Master Secretary Cecil to the Lord Precedent. SIr George Carew, on Wednesday last, certain Pinnaces of her Majesties met with a fleet of Spaniards, to the number of fifty sail, whereof seventeen are men of war, the rest are transporting Ships, as by this Note enclosed doth appear, which my Intelligencer sent me at their going out. These Ships cannot be but for Ireland, from which Coast the storm kept them, unless it should be said, that the King will land them in the Low-countries, which I will never believe he durst adventure, knowing how long we have expected them; and have fourteen good ships out, which if you compare with the note enclosed of his, you shall find that we might be ashamed to suffer his Fleet to land so quietly, and our Fleet in the tail of them; but (which is more certain) to confirm my opinion ever for Ireland, this proportion is fit for Ireland, there it may work mischief; and besides, that they which met them, saw them set their course from the mouth of the sleeve (where they were on wednesday) just for Ireland, and (as I verily think) they will fall for Limerick; for in Spain it was advertised me, that their Rendezvous was for the Blaskies, which you know is on that Coast, about the Dingle or the Ventrey: Lastly, if they had meant to have come hither, they would have been here before this time, being on wednesday at Silley, and the wind having been South-west since fair. If therefore they be not in Ireland, they are certainly put Roomer with Spain again; but that I dare not hope. Now Sir, what my Lord Deputy and you shall do there, is not our parts to tell you, only we desire you to propound us possible things, and then shall you have them; two thousand we have sent already into Monster, at least the want of wind hinders them, in the embarking Ports: if we know once where they are landed, then must you also tell us, where you will have us second you: for if you look for our supplies to come to you, in the West side of Monster, or South parts, then can we put them by Sea more properly, and land nearer the parts of Accon, then to send them to Dublin, or to Cork, but all this to you must be referred, to whom I wish as great happiness as I wish to my own heart: And so I end from the Court at Windsor this twelfth of August, 1601. Your loving and assured Friend, Robert Cecil. From Lisbona the five and twentieth of july, 1601. Here at Lisbon, The intelligence M. Secretary Cecil had of the Spanish fleet coming for Ireland, and by him sent to t●e Lord Precedent. there are stayed about two hundred Sails of Ships; out of which number, five and forty only are selected for transportation of Soldiers. The number of Soldiers are six thousand, whereof three thousand are here kept aboard the ships, left they should run away; the other three thousand are a coming from Andaluzia and those parts, in a fleet of ships and galleys, under the conduct of the Ad●l●ntados son unto Lisbon. The ships which carry the Soldiers are of the burden of one hundred, one hundred and fifty, and not above two hundred Tuns: The Spaniards do refuse greater ships of the East Countries, which are stayed at Lisbon, and make choice of the smallest Vessels they have for their purpose. Of their five and forty Sail of ships, seventeen sail only are fitted for men of war, whereof eleven of them are but small ships, the other six are Galleons▪ the Saint Paul, the Saint Peter, the Saint Andrew, and three smaller Galleons of the Kings, whose names I know not. For the manning of their ships, fifteen hundred Sailors were sent hither out of Biskay. The Marquis of S. ta Croce, goeth Admiral in the Saint Paul, Sibiero alias Seriago Vice-admiral in the Saint Peter, they make account to be ready by the last of july, and ride with their yards a Crosse. The two ships of Dunkirk (which have remained long at Lisbon) do make ready to come away with the Fleet. By this Letter it appears that they in England now were awake, and confident of the Spanish invasion▪ until which time (notwithstanding, the Precedents daily calling upon them for Men, Munition, and Victuals) they gave a deaf ear; also he received an other of the same date, a fragment whereof I think it not unnecessary to relate, aswell to show the assurance which was held in England of the invasion, as the tender care her Majesty's principal Secretary had of the Precedent, and of the dear affection he bore him. My dear George, A branch of M. Secretary Cecils Letter to the Lord Precedent, dated the 12. of August. 1601. now will I omit all the petty particulars of many things, because the great storm (which I presume is fallen upon Monster) drowns all my petty cares, and wounds my soul for care of you, of whom I know not what to expect, but as a lost child; for though I know you are not so mad as to run to the enemy's mouths, with a dozen persons in comparison; yet I am desperately afraid that the Provincials should betray you; even those I mean that must or will seem to be principally about you, etc. CHAP. IX. The cross Accidents which happened to make the Lord Deputy to be offended with the Lord Precedent. The Lord Deputies Letter to the Lord Precedent▪ A satisfactory Letter from the Lord Deputy to the Lord Precedent. AS is formerly related, The cross accident which happened, to make the Lord Deputy to be offended with the Lord Precedent. Sir Francis Barkley being in the Province of Connaght with one thousand Foot and fifty Horse of the List of Monster; when the Precedent sent him thither, among other instructions which he gave unto Sir Francis, was that he should not (upon any direction) go out of that Province, until he first heard from him; the reason which moved him to insert this clause into his instructions, was the confident assurance he had of the Spanish invasion: But yet to prevent the worst, left the Lord deputy might peradventure command him to march into Ulster, or Linster; he presently dispatched a Letter to the Lord deputy, signifying unto him, what direction he had given unto Barkley, and the reasons that moved him unto it, beseeching his Lordship to allow thereof: But see the mischief, before the Precedents Letters came to the Lord Deputies hands, he had sent Captain Henry Cosby with a peremptory commandment to Sir Francis Barkley, to march to Ballisheman in Ulster: Sir Francis being perplexed what course to take, at last resolved to obey his instructions, hoping that the Lord Precedent would be able to make his peace with the Lord Deputy; but so slow and negligent was the Precedents Messenger (which afterwards was excused by sickness) as the Lord deputy had received Sir Francis Barklies' refusal, before he had knowledge of the Precedents Letters: whereupon he stormed at the Precedent, and dispatched presently his Letters to the Lords of the Council, complaining of the Precedent, not sparing to tell them, that rather than he would undergo so great an indignity (by any man that served underneath him) he would quit his government: And at the same time it fell out so crossly, that another accident did no less move the Deputy to be enraged then the former; for of the two thousand supplies which were to come into Monster, the Precedent (to give contentment to many worthy men, that without charge had followed him in the former services) had obtained from the Lords in England, that six hundred of them should be bestowed upon such as he should make choice of, to be their Captains; this added to that aforementioned, did so much increase his Lordship's indignation to the Precedent, (whereunto many ill disposed, to increase the flame gave fuel) as his Lordship wrote this ensuing Letter to the Precedent. The Lord Deputies Letter to the Lord Precedent. MY Lord, as I have hitherto borne you as much affection, and as truly as ever I did profess it unto you; and I protest rejoiced in all your good successes as mine own; so must you give me leave, since I presume I have so just cause, to challenge you of unkindness and wrong, in writing into England, that in preferring your Followers, Sir Henry Dockwray hath had more power from me then yourself; and consequently, to solicit the Queen to have the nomination of some Captains in this kingdom: for the first I could have wished you would have been better advised, because upon mine honour, he never without my special warrant, did appoint but one, who I after displaced, and I do not remember that ever since our coming over, I have denied any thing, which you have recommended unto me, with the mark of your own desire to obtain it; and in your Province I have not given any place (as I think) but at your instance. For the other, I think it is the first example, that ever any under an other General, desired or obtained the like sui●e. And although I will not speak injuriously of your deserts, nor immodestly of mine own; yet this disgrace cannot make me believe, that I have deserved worse than any that have been Generals before me: But since it is the Queen's pleasure, I must endure it, and you choose a fit time to obtain that or anything else against me: Yet I will concur with you in the service, as long as it shall please her Majesty to employ us here: but afterward, I doubt not but to give you satisfaction that I am not worthy of this wrong: The Council and myself upon occasion of extraordinary consequence, sent for some of the Companies of Monster out of Connaght, when we heard you were to be supplied with two thousand out of England, but we received from them a flat denial to come, and the copy of your Letter to warrant them therein. If you have any authority from the Queen to countermand mine, you may very well justify it, but it is more than you have vowed to me to have, when I (before my coming over) protested unto you, that if you had, I would rather serve the Queen in prison, than here. My Lord these are great disgraces to me, and so conceived, and I think justly, by all that know it, which is and will be very shortly all Ireland. My allegiance, and own honour are now engaged with all my burdens, to go on in this work, otherways no fear should make me suffer thus much; and what I do, it is only love doth move me unto it: For I know you are dear to one, whom I am bound to respect with extraordinary affection. And so my Lord I wish you well, and will omit nothing (while I am in this kingdom) to give you the best contentment I can, and continue as, Your assured Friend Mountioye. In this mean time, before these storms came to the Precedents knowledge (for yet he had not received the Lord Deputies sharp Letter, hoping that the time of the Spaniards coming, would admit Sir Francis his Regiment some longer absence, sent him word to march to Ballishenan, or elsewhere (as it pleased the Deputy) and withal by his Letters, he acquainted his Lordship of his directions, and beseeched his Lordship to have a care of Monster, which he was no way able (his places of Garrison guarded) with his small forces remaining, to confront Terrill, and the Ulster aides, then ready to enter into it, much less to defend the Cities of Cork, Limerick, and Water●ord against the Spaniards, whose arrival he daily expected: After this second dispatch to the Lord deputy, the Precedent received his Lordship's thundering Letters; but when the Lord Deputy by his answer saw, how much he was mistaken, and had well considered upon what good ground the Precedents instructions were given to Sir Francis Barkley, and also that he had retrenched the same before he knew that his Lordship had sent for them: And that although he had gotten the favour to bestow six of the Companies that came out of England, he knew that they could stand no longer than he pleased, and so left them to be disposed of at his will, he not only blamed himself, but wrote a satisfactory, kindly unto him, which to show the good nature of that Nobleman, I think I should do him wrong if I did not relate it. A satisfactory Letter from the Lord Deputy to the Lord Precedent. MY Lord, if my Letter did express some more than ordinary passion, I will now desire you, if you have any opinion of my judgement or honesty, to believe me, that at that time I had so much reason to be so moved, as I presume, when I next speak with you, I shall induce you to confess, that my expostulation did neither proceed from undervaluing you, or overvaluing myself, private respect to my own ends, vanity in desire of preeminences, nor lightness, or evil nature in quitting slightly so worthy a friend; and if I can farther persuade you by the effect it took with me, I protest the miserable tragedy of those I held here my dearest friends, the unkindness I took by their showing themselves my most mortal enemies, the danger that I knew they brought my fortune into, nor any thing which hath been much, that hath happened to me since my coming into this kingdom, did ever so much move me, as this, and the circumstances that did accompany it; the which being unfit to be trusted either to paper, or at the least to this passage; I will reserve for my own defence till I speak with you, or may send a more safe and assured Messenger unto you, and so leave my case, Sub judice, but in the mean time absolve you from any wrong or unkindness you have done me, with this assurance, that the desire you show to give me satisfaction, hath, and shall increase that affection I have borne you; and in the world you shall not find for ever hereafter a more just, and sure friend and this much for your own sake, but for his unto whom I know you are so dear, I am so much in my heart a servant to the worthiness that he hath showed in his kindness unto me; that if he should desire me, to trail a Pike under a far meaner friend unto him than you; I would do it willingly, because my fortune doth otherways so little enable me, to show my thankfulness unto him, and this I do not write out of my base observation of his fortune; but upon my Christianity, I do acknowledge him to have deserved more of me, than all the world besides, and I do truly think him to be the most honourable man, that ever (in this unworthy world) my fortune was to have any thing to do withal. And therefore noble Lord, of all these things I will write as I have read in my dunces of Logic, Sustine pro nunc▪ Only I beseech you dispose of the Companies, and all things else to your liking▪ which shall be (I assure you) to mine, but to the great trouble I have in hand, I must confess, was never more puzzled in my Counsels, for many just respects; but especially by an intelligence I have received this day: And if I would like Diogenes, take a Candle in my hand, to seek a wise man in this kingdom, unto whose judgement I would trust to assist mine (in the case in question) I know not where I should find any except it be you; and therefore if it be possible, send me word, where I may speak with you presently, though I come as far or farther than Kilkenny, for I would fain resolve with you of all, and jointly with you make a present dispatch into England; I pray dispatch a speedy Messenger, though it be a Horseman, and I will lea●e all things so, as I will be prepared to go on a sudden, and so I commit you to God, whom I beseech to send us a happy meeting: The fifth of September, 1601. Your most assured Friend Mountioye. What an opinion of wisdom and worthiness the Precedent had now gained by his painful and politic proceedings, I cannot but remember, the same being acknowledged by so many and worthy persons of her Majesty's Privy Council: for if that be vera laus which proceedeth à viro laudato; or if that rule of Aristotle be true, viz. That thing is justly to be preferred, quod à pluribus & sapientissimis approbatur, then may I without flattery conclude, that his deserts were Honourable, and his wisdom was in such great esteem, as his Counsels were so well allowed of the Lords of the Council, as never doubt was made of them, and all things concerning that Province was left to his discretion, as occasions with their circumstances happened. Lastly, the Lord deputy, whose judgement was second to none for the prosecution of the war in Ireland, being now mightily distracted betwixt the Northern prosecutions, and the Spanish preparations, did write to the Precedent, that there was no man, that could so well assist him in this doleful case, and upon whose judgement he would so much rely (in all that kingdom) as upon his, and therefore requested him earnestly, to repair speedily to Kilkenny, (near to his Province) for so far would he come to meet him. CHAP. X. Intelligence of the Spanish invasion. Two thousand Foot sent to the Lord Precedent. The Spanish Fleet discovered at Sea by Captain Love, whereof the Lord Precedent advertised the Lord Deputy. The Lord Precedent makes a journey to the Lord Deputy. The Lord Deputy and the Lord precedent meet at Leighlyn. Sir Charles Wilmot advertiseth the Lord Precedent of the discovery of the 〈◊〉 fl●●te, at the mo●th of the Haven of Cork. The Spaniards ●and at Kinsale. A Proclamation made in Kinsale by Don juan de Aquila, to give contentment to the Inhabitants. A list of the Captains in the Spanish Army. Don juan his Certificate into Spain after his l●nding at Kin●ale. To encourage them to persevere, to banish fear, and to win their love by gentle and mild usage, Don juan de Aquila, the Spanish General, promised this which ensueth, published the same, and confirmed it with his hand and Seal, which is thus Englished. A Proclamation made in Kinsale by Don juan de Aquila, to give contentment to the Inhabitants of Kinsale▪ We Don juande Aquila, General of the Army to Philip King of Spain; by these presents do promise, that all the Inhabitants of the Town of Kinsale, shall receive no injury by any of our retinue, but rather shall be used as our brethren and friends, and that it shall be lawful for any of the Inhabitants that list to transport, without any molestation in body or goods, and as much as shall remain, likewise without any hurt. Don juan de Aquila. For testimony, that the forces which the said Spanish General, were no less, but rather more than is reported; I thought it not impertinent for the Readers better satisfaction, to set down the names of all the Commanders, Officers, and Captains that landed with him at Kinsale, and afterward. The names of the Spanish Commanders and Captains. Don juan de Aquila Maestro del Campo General. A List of the Captains of the Spanish Army. Don francisco de Padilla maestro del Campo, Antonio Centeno maestro del Campo. Capitan Don Pedro Morijon. Captain Francisco de Pinuoll. Captain Pedro Munnez de Xaer. Captain Miguel Caxa de Cuellar. Captain Andres Leal. Captain Don Luis de Vela. Captain Don Gomez de Vargas. Captain Don Pedro Zuazo. Captain Saint Vincente. Captain Don Gasper de Guevarra. Captain Diego Gonzales Sigler. Captain Marcos de Porras. Captain Cascarro. Captain Don Philippo de Camonde. Captain Pedro de Chauves. Captain Don Diego de Viezina. Captain Luis de Carrera. Captain Francisco de Muniosa. Captain Pedro Enriques de Tejada. Captain Don Christovall de Ayala. Captain juan Ymonez de Carata. Captain Alonso de Zaramelle. Captain Don Pedro de O Campo. Captain Luis Diaz de Navarra. Captain Alonso de Motina. Captain Diego Palomeque. Captain Maldonado. Captain josepho Escobar. Captain Antonio de Tufo Italiano. Captain Orlando Italiano. Captain Christovall de Cardenosa. Captain Y quartel Maestro Miguel Briena. Captain Diego de La Villa. Captain Hernando Borragan. Captain De O Campo. Captain Francisco Ruiz de Vellasco. Captain Pedro de Saavedra. Captain Graneros. Captain Andreas de Arve. Captain Albornoz. Captain Martin Ruyz Sarjento Mayor. Captain Luis de Aquila Sarjento Mayor. Pedro Lopes de Soto Veador Y Contador de la infanteria. juan Ocho a Devasterra Contador de La Artilleria. Diego Ruyz de Salazar Pagador. After that Don juan was landed and settled in the Town of Kinsale, by the shipping which returned, he sent into Spain a relation of his present estate, which is as followeth, translated out of the Original under his own hand. A Discourse of the estate wherein Don juan de Aquila doth remain, with the appointment of such things as he advertiseth to be needful or his succour, and good effect of his voyage; translated out of a Spanish discourse. ON the first of October he arrived at the Haven of Kinsale, Stilo novo. and the day following, Don juan Don juan his Certificate into Spain after his landing in Kinsale. landed all his Soldiers; whereof framing two squadrons, he marched towards the said Town, out of which there issued fifty Foot and forty Horse, who leaving the place free, went towards the Town of Cork; the persons of better sort going with them, with all their goods; whereupon there were presently sent in two Companies, and the day following entered all the rest of the Army, and lodged there, to the end to shelter the Troops and munitions under covert, although with great straightness, the place containing not above two hundred houses. The seat and foundation of Kinsale is in a side of a River, environed with hills, and without any kind of defence, in so much as Don juan is of the mind, if the Enemy should come (to quarter himself near his front) to try his fortune, because otherwise he should not be able to make good the place. There were disembarqued two Field-pieces, and two Demie-Cannons, leaving the rest of the Artillery unlanded, not having Munition sufficient for so much Artillery, for that the Powder and Match which remains is little, and the greater quantity came wet, as well as not to be encumbered with so much Artillery, without Horses to draw it, since that with the next succours may be sent Munition enough. There is in the middle of the Haven of Quinsale, a certain (almost an) Island, on the which it seemeth good to Don juan to have a Fort made, to secure and defend the Haven; yet is there no convenient place to do it: for on the part that looks towards the place, an Arm of the Sea divides it from the land, continued somewhat upwards into the land, without having Pinnaces, Boats, or other means to cross it: and for that the Town Quinsale is of so great a Seat, and open in so many parts, and so weak, that it is needful to have half the Troops in guard at least, whensoever they should be forced to draw out to some good effect, which notwithstanding would not be in good security, the place (almost an Island) not having sufficient water, nor is there any place of those adjacent, that yieldeth means to fortify it, so that it is necessary to go elsewhere for it, having here nothing to make Cisterns nor Pinnaces for a passage, or to bring bavins and faggots, the River being somewhat farther upwards into the land. He sent to tell Don Diego Brochero, that because the way remained so ill, he should assist him before he went, in causing to be disimbarqued the Biscuit, and afterwards, that all the boats should make three or four voyages for bavins or gabions, whereof he had great need; the River as is aforesaid, being somewhat far above, he answered that he could not attend to this, or disimbarque the Biscuits which came in the hulk, which were there, but to return presently, and so with great haste caused the munitions to be landed, which they left upon the shore, without account or reason; the Accounter and Steward of the Artillery remaining, which would not undertake to account for it; and such was the haste, that on the dirt and Oozes of the shore they were ill handled, and wet, as if the Enemy had been already playing with their Artillery on their ships. So soon as Don juan had lodged himself in the place, he dispatched to the Earls several times, Tyrone. Odonnell. advising them of his arrival; yet in nine days that passed until I was dispatched into Spain, they received no answer: There is from Kinsale to the place where the Earls abide seventy five Leagues; the naturals of the Country report the forces of the Earls to be much less than was given out to us, and that the Enemy doth hold them in with forts: The enemies have drawn together all their cattle and Corn, and with their cavalry break the Mills, and because we have no Horse, they presume to come every day up to our Walls, not being able to avoid or hinder it; notwithstanding our sallies against them, insomuch that from without, we receive neither flesh nor any other thing, except some few Cows from the poor people of the place, which they sell the rather unto us, because we pay them what they demand, yet within few days there would be no flesh had, by reason of the English, who have engrossed and gathered the Crets together, and burned the houses of the naturals. Don juan doth procure to draw from the Country people, by love and rewards all that he can; yet withal this, findeth no assistance from them, neither dare they declare themselves, and the greater part have no will, seeing the small forces which have been landed, but seeing that there are more, they will be still coming, and some of them receive pay, it is very re quisit to pay them and arm them; because till now many of them are passed to the Enemy: Since the writing of this by Don juan de Aquila, there came a spy from Cork, where the Enemy doth join together, who saith that the Viceroy had already together more than four thousand Foot and four or five hundred Horse, and that the Queen of England had received advertisement of the coming of the Spaniards into Ireland, whereupon were great preparations made for the expulsing them; the Soldiers which were disimbarqued, marched to the number of three thousand and four hundred; besides those which came in a hulk, now arrived three Leagues from hence, but making a squadron of them, there was a less number found, so that it is thought fit to take the first muster with much rigour, taking note of the boys, and such besides of the rest as are Besognies, who not knowing the use of their Piece, nor how to discharge them, are drawn out to exercise their Arms daily, many fall sick, and are already more than one hundred: It is fit that the succour which his Majesty meaneth to send, should be dispatched with speed, because the Enemy may not have power to engage the places which Don juan hath designed to fortify: It should be a matter of great importance, and the Whole for Horse, by reason of the difference of the cavalry, which cometh out of England and that of the Earls, for all that can be levied in Ireland, or that they have are small Horses, and the Soldiers are unarmed, which do only fight with half Pikes, and Saddles without stirrups. Of powder and matches as is aforesaid, there is small store, so that it is necessary to send some good quantity together with Lead, because there passed but little. Biscuit and some wine is necessary for the sustenance of our Troops, because there came not such a quantity of Biscuit as his Majesty commanded, and was not more than for two Months or little more. It is likewise convenient, that there come a great sum of money, for it imports much to pay well, for want whereof, there rise no disorders, that of friends we gain not enemies. That others may come in the place of the Accounter, and overseer that brought us to the Groin. It is convenient to send two Doctors, because there is none in the regiment of Spaniards. Likewise that an Auditor General be sent to serve here, because there is none. It behooveth also to send Carpenters and Smiths, or Farriers being very necessary. And that his Majesty be served, that there might remain here three or foore ships to give advise of whatsoever shall succeed, there being none left here at this present. The next day after Don juan was landed, Sir Charles Wilmot sent Captain Francis Slingesby with his ●oote Company, and Sir Anthony Cooks Horse, with directions to take the best view he could of their fleet and forces, who at his coming thither, found them possessed both of the Town of Kinsale, and of the Castle of Rincorran near adjoining unto it; and to bid him welcome, they drew forth a Company or two of Foot, and a skirmish for a little space was entertained, wherein there were some hurt, but none slain; Captain Slingsby having performed his directions returned to Cork. CHAP. XI. Second Letters from Sir Charles Wilmot of the arrival of the Spaniards in Kinsale. Debate in Council what w●● meetest for the Lord Deputy to do. The Lord Deputy assented to the Lord Precedents advise. The Lord Presidents providence. A dispatch into England of the Spaniards arrival. The Lord Deputy goeth with the Lord Precedent into Monster. None of the Provincials of Monster did adhere to the Spaniards as their first landing. The report of a Master of a Scottish Bark concerning the strength of the Spaniard. Captain Flower sent to view Kinsale. Direction given for the burning of the Corn near Kinsale. A Letter from the Archbishop of Dublin, and Don juan de Aquila unto Tyrone and O donnel. The Lord Deputy and Lord President etc. went to view the Town of Kinsale. The Lord Deputy with the Army marched towards Kinsale. AT the instant when Sir Charles Wilmots' Letters of the Spaniards arrival came to Kilkenny, which was upon the three and twentieth of September, as afore mentioned; the Lord deputy, the Earl of Ormond, the Lord Precedent, Sir Richard Wingfielde Marshal of the Army of Ireland, and Sir Robert Gardiner the chief justice, were in Council, advising what course was fittest to take if the Spaniards should land: But now Sir Charles Wilmots' Letters gave them cause to advise what should be done, they being landed, & to confirm the same; while they were in Council, second Letters came from Sir Charles Wilmot, Second Letters from Sir Charles Wilmot of the arrival of the Spaniards at Kinsale. and the Major of Cork, that the Spaniards had quitted the harbour of Cork, and were all at an Anchor in the haven of Kinsale: The question was then, what the Lord Deputy should do: The Earl of Ormond, the Marshal, and the chief justice were of opinion, that he should do well to hasten to Dublin, and there to assemble his forces together; It was debated in Council upon the receipt of the Letters aforesaid, what was meetest for the Lord Deputy to do. and whilst they were drawing to a head, to give order for supplies, of victuals and munitions to be sent to Cork; and that the Precedent should presently be dispatched into the Province, to defend the City of Cork, until the Lord deputy came to his relief, wherein all expedition was to be used; for their reasons were, that if the Lord deputy presented himself in the Province with small forces, it would encourage the Enemy, and put distrust and fear in the Provincials, which were either well affected or neutrals. The Precedents advise was opposite to theirs, The Lord President differs in opinion from the rest. beseeching the Lord Deputy to go presently into Monster, although he had no more than his Page with him; for said he, if the Provincials shall see that you turn your back towards them, they will conceive it proceeds of want of force, and then undoubtedly a general revolt will ensue, but when they shall see you personally amongst them, that doubt will be removed; and besides, the Army (now dispersed) will make more haste after you, than they would do if you attended their coming to Dublin. The Lord Deputy inclined to the Precedents Council, The Lord Deputy assented to the L●. Precedents advise. but said he, what should I do there, not being able to maintain the Army with victuals for the space of a week, nor to furnish it with munitions, of both which there is no remain in the Magazines in Dublin: The Precedent willed him to take no care for those wants, for he would furnish him, and the whole Army for two or three months, which indeed he was able to do, The providence of the Lo●d Precedent. for he had spared the expense of victuals, not consuming so much as a Biscuit, for more than six months, giving the Soldier's money, and having been evermore confident of the Spaniards arrival, had procured good supplies of munitions, which were frugally and sparingly issued: The Lord Deputy like unto one that was overjoyed with such unexpected provisions, rose from his Chair, embraced the Precedent, and said, that if he had not been more than provident, that himself did not know what to have done, and that his honour had been endangered, and ascribed to him what he well deserved. In conclusion the four and twentieth, the marshal Sir Henry Davers, 24. Sept. and Sir john Barkley were dispatched into Linster and to Armaghe, to assemble the Army, and to bring it withal possible expedition into Monster, and Letters were dispatched to Sir Charles Wilmot to be well upon his guard, and dispatches sent into England by Captain john Roberts of the Spaniards arrival: A dispatch into England of the Spaniards arrival. All things being thus ordered, doubt was made how the Lord Deputy could be conveyed safely to Cork, being attended by no other than his household servants in that dangerous time, The Lord Deputy goeth with the Lord Prsident into Monster. which was satisfied by the Precedent, who had then with him there one hundred Horse, and for the furnishing of the Lord Deputies house at Cork, with stuff and utensils he undertook the care. The same day the Lord Deputy and Precedent, Sir Robert Gardiner departed from Kilkenny, and the same night they lodged at Kilkenan the Lord Dunboynes house, the next night at clonmel, the six and twentieth at Glanogher the Lord Roches house, 26. Sept. and the next day following they came to Cork. Now are we come to siege of Kinsale, a place ordained, wherein the honour and safety of Queen Elizabeth, the reputation of the English nation, the cause of Religion, and the Crown of Ireland must be by Arms disputed; for upon the successes of this siege, as these great and important consequences depended: And here the malice of Rome and Spain (if they had prevailed) would not have ceased, for their purposes did extend itself; (Ireland having been conquered) to make it their bridge to have invaded England, the conquest and ruin whereof was the main mark, whereat they aimed. It was generally expected, Not any of the Provincials of Monster adhered to the Spaniards at the first landing. that upon the first landing of the Spaniards, that the greatest part of Monster would have presently relapsed, and have declared themselves Spanish; but the Precedent had so well established the Province, by the apprehending of all the Principals which he mistrusted, and by taking good pledges of the rest; that when the Lord Deputy came to Cork, he presented unto him all the men of living, and quality in the Province, who stood firm until the coming of supplies to Castlehaven, as hereafter you shall hear. The eight and twentieth the Lord Precedent brought the master of a Scottish bark to the Lord Deputy which came from Lisbon, 28. Sept. who confidently reported, The report of the master of a Scottish barque concerning the strength of the Spaniards. that the Spaniards (when they were embarked for Ireland) were six thousand strong▪ And the same day we heard that none of the Irish had repaired to Kinsale (to tender their service to the Spaniards) but only some dependants of Florence Mac Carties, and that Don john and his Captains were much grieved that Florence was sent prisoner into England, of whose restraint they understood nothing until they were arrived: And also we were advertised, that at Kinsale five and thirty ships arrived with Don john, and that the rest of his fleet were driven into Baltimore, having in them seven hundred Soldiers, and that they brought with them sixteen hundred Saddles, hoping (as they were promised) to find horses in Ireland, and a great surplus of Arms to furnish the Irish; and the Companies with Don john, for most part were old Soldiers taken from the garrisons of Italy, and the Terceras, and that there was but a few Besognies among them. The same day 28. Sept. Captain George Flower (Sergeant Major of the Province of Monster) was sent with certain Companies to view the Town of Kinsale, Captain Flower sent to view Kinsale, where he skirmished with the Spaniards. to see what countenance the Enemy did hold, he no sooner approached the Town, but the Spaniards sallied, our men beat them into the Town, and were so eager in pursuit, as they came to the Port, and would have set fire unto it, if Flower had not drawn them off; in this skirmish we had some men hurt, and the Enemy both slain and hurt: Also the same day, certain Companies were directed to march into Kinaley, The Corn near adjoining to Kinsale burned by direction. to burn and spoil all the corn in that Country, and within five miles of Kinsale, and to command all the Inhabitants in those parts, to bring their Cattle on this side the river of Awneboy and Cork, whereby the Enemy should want relief near unto them. To hasten the coming of Tyrone and Odonnell, the Spanish Archbishop of Dublin, and Don juan de Aquila wrote unto them as followeth. A Letter from the Archbishop of Dublin, and Don juan de Aquila, unto Tyrone and Odonnell. PErvenimus in Kinsale, cum class & exercitu, Regis nostri Philippi; expectamus vestras excellentias qualibet hora, veniant ergo quam velociter potuerint, portantes equos, quibus maximè indigemus, & jam alia via scripsimus, non dico plura. valete. Frater Matheus Archiepiscopus Dublinens. A Qui estamos guardando a vuestras Senorias illustrissimas Como largament otra via hemos escritos, Stil● novo. A Dios. 12. Octob. 1601. Don juan de Aquila. Excellentissimis Dominis Don Oneale and Odonnell. This day the Lord deputy, 29 Septemb. the Lord President and Council, with divers others went to Kinsale to take a view thereof, The Lo. Deputy etc. went to view the Town of Kinsale. and found at their coming thither that the shipping had newly left the harbour, and were under sail for Spain, so as they saw nothing was further to be done till the coming of the forces. The third of October 3. October. Sir William Fortescu with his Company of Foot, and Sir Benjamin Berry with the Lord deputies came to Cork. The Marshal (who was sent from Kilkenny to draw Companies out of the Pale) came this day with Sir George Bourchier to Cork, 8. Octob. where at that time remained the Lord deputy, the Lord Precedent, Sir Robert Gardiner, and Sir Nicholas Walsh, Councillors, expecting them and others; Sir john Barkley came that day also. The Companies came to Cork, 9 Octob. that Sir john Barkley had brought with him. Sir Henry Davers, 10. Octob. who was sent for the Forces about Armaghe, came to Cork with Sir Henry Folliet, captain Blany and diverse other Captains. Master Martial and Sir john Barkley with some Horse and Foot went to Kinsale, to view a fit place to encamp in. The Companies that Sir Henry Davers went for, 11. Octob. came this day to Cork. Some Horse and Foot sent forth to keep the Spaniards from Victuals. Two Frenchmen were voluntarily taken, 12. Octob. that ran away from the Spaniards, who confessed their numbers to be three thousand five hundred, besides those that were not yet come in. It was resolved to take the field, 13. Octob. but no great Ordnance came yet to enable us thereunto. The weather fell out so rainy, 14. 15. Octob. as it was unfit to rise. The Lord Deoutie left Cork, 16. Octob. and encamped with the Army at a place called Owneboy, The Lo. Deputy with the army marched toward Kinsale. five miles from Kinsale; the Artillery, Munition, and Victuals which were to come from Dublin was not yet arrived; yet was it thought fit, (being thereof supplied by the Precedents store) to take the field, rather than the Country should discover those wants, and so fall away. CHAP. XII. The Lord President requireth the Towns of Monster to send Companies of Foot to the Campe. Don juan de Aquila his Declaration in answer of a Proclamation published by the Lord Deputy and Council. The Army encamped at Knockrobyn near Kynsale. The enemy attempted to disturb our Quarter, but were repulsed. A skirmish between us and the Spaniard. Captain Button arrived with Munition and Victuals. A Skirmish in the night, wherein twenty of the Spaniards were slain. The Army encamped close to Kynsale. A prey of Cows taken from the Spaniards. THE Lord Precedent (in his providence) before the Army was ready to march to Kinsale, The L. Precedent required the towns of Monster to send Companies o● foot to the Camp. acquainted the Lo: deputy, (which he well approved) that he had sent to the Cities and great Towns of Monster, that every of them, (according to their proportions) should send Companies of Foot from their several Corporations, to strengthen her Majesty's Army, which they accordingly (but with some grudging) did perform. This he did, not for any opinion he had to receive fruit by their services, but their being in the Camp, was a good Pledge upon the Towns (in these doubtful times) for their better loyalties, the Lord Deputy not being able to spare any Companies to secure them. The Lord deputy and Council, before the Army marched from Cork, doubting (as they had good cause) that the Priests would leave no practices unattempted, that might animate or confirm the Irish in their Rebellion, thought it necessary to give notice to the world, how unjust the pretended causes were, that the Irish had taken Arms against their true anointed Sovereign; and also how unjustly the same was maintained by the Pope and the King of Spain, which by Proclamation was divulged in the City of Cork; In answer whereof Don juan de Aquila (as soon as it came to his ears) did likewise Proclaim this Declaration, or Apology in Kinsale, and dispersed Copies thereof into sundry places, the tenor whereof ensueth. Don juan de Aquila his Declaration in answer of a Proclamation published by the Lord deputy and Council, translated out of the Latin. Done juan de Aquila, General of the War, and the Catholic King of Spain's chief Commander in God's war, which is made in Ireland for defence of the Faith. To all the Irish Catholics living in Kinsale, the City of Cork, and in all other Villages, Cities and Castles, wisheth health in him who is the true happiness. There is come unto our ears a Proclamation, or certain Libel made in the City of Cork, in the Name of the Deputy; which because it containeth many untruths, and such things as offend the ears of honest men, lest they may lead and seduce the minds of simple men into errors, and turn them from the truth, I am compelled to show their falsehood, to lay open the truth, and in few words to signify the pretence and intention of our most Excellent King Philip, in this War, which is with the apostolic Authority, to be administered by us: and (to speak the truth) I could very easily retort upon them those reproaches which they object to us, and make them lose the pleasure which they have taken in ill speaking, by hearing of the like; Notwithstanding, we will not (like unto weak and unarmed women) go to reproachings▪ but setting these things aside, answer to those that are objected with sound truth and Christian modesty. First of all, ye fain that we would lead away the pretended Subjects of the Queen of England from their, obedience, to bring them under our yoke, which is a very untruth; for we endeavour not to persuade any body, that he should deny due obedience (according to the word of God) to his Prince: But ye know well that for many years since, Elizabeth was deprived of her kingdom, and all her Subjects absolved from th●ir fidelity by the Pope, unto whom, he that reigneth in the heavens, the King of Kings, hath committed all power, that he should root up, destroy, plant, and build in such sort, that he may punish temporal Kings (if it shall be good for the spiritual building) even to their deposing, which thing hath been done in the kingdoms of England and Ireland, by many Popes, viz. by Pius quintus, Gregory the thirteenth, and now by Clement the eighth as it is well known. Whose Bulls are extant amongst us; (I speak to Catholics, not to froward Heretics, who have fallen from the faith of the (Roman Church) seeing they are blind Leaders of the blind, and such as know not the grounds of the truth, it is no marvel that they do also disagree from us in this thing: But our brethren the Catholics, walking in the pureness of the faith, and yielding to the Catholic Church (which is the very Pillar of the truth) will easily understand all those things: Therefore it remaineth that the Irish (which adhere to us) do work with us nothing that is against God's Laws, or their due obedience, nay that which they do is according to God's word, and the obedience which they owe the Pope. Secondly, ye affirm that we Spaniards go about to win the Irish with allurements, and 〈…〉 (which is a thing far from our nature) and that we do it but for a while; that after we have drawn the minds of simple men unto us, we might afterwards (exercising our truelty towards them) show our bloody nature▪ O the immortal God! who doth not wonder at your bitter and unexpressible cruelty, your boldness showed in these words: For who is it that doth not know the great cruelty which you English have exercised, and cease not to exercise towards the miserable Irish: You I say go about to take from their souls the Catholic faith which their fathers held, in which consists eternal life; truly you are far more cruel than Bears and Lions, which take away the temporal life, for you would deprive them of the eternal and spiritual life. Who is it that hath demolished all the temporalities of this most flourishing kingdom except the English? look upon this and be ashamed: whereas on the other side we commiserating the condition of the Catholics here, have left our most sweet and happy Country Spain, that is replenished with all good things; and being stirred with their cries, which pierce the heavens, having reached to the ears of the Pope, and our King Philip: They have (being moved with pity) at last resolved to send unto you Soldiers, Silver, Gold, and Arms with a most liberal hand, not to the end they might (according as they feign) exercise cruelty towards you, O Irish Catholics, but that you may be happily reduced (being snatched out of the jaws of the devil, and free from their tyranny) unto your own pristine ingenuity, and that you may freely profess the Catholic faith: Therefore my most beloved, seeing that which you have so many years before desired and begged for, with prayers and tears; and that now, even now, the Pope Christ's Vicar on earth, doth command you to take Arms for the defence of your faith: I admonish, exhort, and beseech you all; all I say unto whom these Letters shall come; that as soon as possibly you can, you come to us with your friends and weapons; whosoever shall do this, shall find us prepared, and we will communicate unto them, those things which we possess; And whosoever shall (despising our wholesome council) do otherwise, and remain in the obedience of the English, we will persecute him as an Heretic, and a hateful Enemy of the Church even unto death. The Army nose and marched within half a mile of Kinsale, 17. Oct. where they encamped under a hill (having not means to entrench) called Knock Robin Captain The Army encamped at Knock-robin near Kinsale. Morgan came out of England, and jolly the Master ●unner from Waterford, whither some shipping was come from Dublin, with part of the provisions, but enforced to stay there, the wind being Southerly; some few shot offered to disquiet the Camp, but were soon beaten back with very little disturbance. The Army lay still there, many places viewed to sit down fitly before the Town, 18. Octob. but the Artillery not yet come, no place was agreed upon. An other offer made by the Enemy to disturb the Camp that night, much greater than the former; but being readily answered, were soon repelled without hurt on our side. We lay still there expecting the Provisions, 19 Octob. some slight skirmishes in viewing of the Town: Sir john Barkley was this night appointed to give an Alarm to the Town, who beat in all the guards (without the Town) into their trenches. This night one thousand of the Spaniards, 20. Octob. (or as some that came from them say, The enemy attempted to disturb our quarter, but were repulsed fifteen hundred) were come to the top of the Hill near the Camp, to cut off some of the Scouts or Guards, or to attempt somewhat upon that Quarter; but being discovered by a party of ours, (not much exceeding two hundred that were of purpose sent out to lie between the Town and our Camp, commanded by Sir john Barkley, who had with him Captain Morris) they set upon them, killed four dead in the place, divers hurt, took some Arms, and other good spoil, and beat them back to the Town; without loss of any one of our men, and not above three hurt. Cormocke Mac Dermond, 21. Octob. chief Lord of a Country called Muskery, coming with his Country rising out, A skirmish between us and the Spaniards. to show them to the Lord deputy, was in his return directed to march hard by the Spaniards trenches, which they had made upon the Hill without the Town for their guards, which he was willed to do, the rather that the Spaniards might see the Irish serve on our sides. For this purpose were good seconds apppointed, yet out of ●ight of the Enemies: The Irish at the first went on well, & beat the Spaniards from their ground to the Towneward, but according to their custom soon fell off; by which means a Horseman (called Courcy) of the Lord Presidents, who had charged two Spaniards upon some advantage, was engaged, and unhorsed before he espied himself in danger; which Sir William Godolphin seeing, who had the command of the Lord Deputies Troop, charged one way upon their whole Numbers, and Captain Henry Barkley, Cornet of the same Troop, another way at the same instant, and (notwithstanding their many Shott) drane them out of their Trenches, rescuing the Horseman and horse; and to the marvel of all the beholders, (considering the multitude of shot made at them, even upon the edge of the trench) came off without hurt, save only one horse killed, and one man slightly shot: of the enemies were killed four, left dead in the place, and divers seen carried off, besides many other hurt. Captain Thomas Button, 22. Octob. who had the wafting of the victuals with Munition from Dublin with the Queen's Pinnace, Capt. Button arrived with munition & victual. the Moon, arrived at Cork, and came to the Lord Deputy at the Camp, signifying the rest of the Shipping was coming from Dublin, that had lain at Waterford: He was that night sent away to bring his Ship about into the Harbour of Kinsale, and with Captain Wards ship, which was directed to accompany him, whom we were enforced to make use of before to guard that victual and Munition in Oyster Haven, which we had brought with us from Cork, they were willed to try if they could annoy the Castle of Rincorran, seated close upon the Harbour, and possessed by the Spaniard. But after they had spent many shot upon the Castle, and found they did them little hurt, their Ordnance being but small, they lay still only to keep the Harbour, that neither the Castle nor the Town might be relieved by water, which was the chief cause of their sending thither, and which Captain Thomas Button, notwithstanding many attempts made by the Spaniards and Natives, very valiantly to his high commendations performed. We had News of the shipping that came after Captain Button from Waterford, 23. Octob. that they were put into the Harbour at Cork, who presently had direction to work about to another Creak, More Munition and victual arrived. called Oyster Haven, lying between Cork and Kinsale, from whence they might more commodiously unlade their Artillery and provisions, for the speedy use of the Army. We resolved to rise and lie before the Town; 24. Octob. but the shipping being not yet come about with the Artillery, and other necessaries, that day was spent in dispatching into England, and making all things fit to remove. This night Captain Blaynie, and Captain Flower were sent out with five hundred Foot upon Discovery that the Spaniards were drawn out of the Town, and so lay ready for them, if they had come towards our Quarter, but they came not on. The Army was ready to rise, 25. Octob. but the weather falling out very fowl, direction was given to dislodge: four natural Spaniards came this day from the Enemy, choosing rather to put themselves upon the mercy of the State, then to live under the tyranny of their own Commanders, A skirmish in the night, wherein 20 of the Spaniards were slain. who the next day were sent to Cork. This night Sir john Barkley went out with some three hundred Foot, having with him Captain Flower, Captain Morris, and Captain Bostock, out of these were chosen sixty Pikes and Targets, to be the better undiscovered, who fell into their trenches, beat them to the Town, and fell into the Gate with them, they killed and hurt above twenty of the Spaniards, between the Inner and the outer Gate, and returned having but three hurt. The Army dislodged early, 26. Octob. and encamped on a hill on the North side before Kinsale called the spital, The Army encamped close to Kinsale. A prey of Ki●● taken from the Spaniards. somewhat more than musket shot from the Town, and there entrenched strongly: when we sat down, we discovered that the Spaniards had gotten a prey of two or three hundred Cows, and many sheep, which were (in an Island as it seemed) upon the Southside of the Town beyond the water, which we could not come at, but by sending eight or nine miles about, where there was a neck of Land to go into it; Captain Taffe being sent with Horse and Foot, used such expedition in that business, as he attained the place before night, and by hot skirmish recovered the prey, save only some two hundred Cows that the Spaniards had killed, although they were under the guard of a Castle, called Castle Nigh Park, which the Spaniards had manned to defend those Cattle. CHAP. XIII. The Castle of Rincorran guarded by the Spaniards, besieged; and the Spaniards repulsed. The Castle of Rinco●ra● battered by the Lord Precedent. A remarkable skirmish between us and the Spaniards that attempted to relic Rincorran. The Lord Awdley, Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn, and Sir Garret Harvy hurt. A Spanish Commander taken prisoner. The Enemy demanded a parley, but the Lord Precedent refused to treat with the Messenger. The Commander parleyed, but his offers were not accepted. The Enemy endeavoured to make an escape, wherein many were s●aine and taken prisoners. Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn sent from the Lord Deputy with direction to the Lord Precedent. The reasons that induced the Lord Precedent to receive the Spaniards that were in Rincorran to mercy. The agreement between the Lord Precedent, and the Spanish Commander that was in Rincorran. We attended all that day for the landing of the Artillery, 27. Octob. and perfected the entrenchment about the Army, which was left unperfected the day before through the extreme foulness of the weather; and at night Sir john Barkley, Sir William Godolphin, and Captain Bodily were sent to view the most commodious place to plant the Artillery, for the battering of the Castle of Rincorran, which was situated upon the River of Kinsale, The castle of Rincorran guarded by the Spaniards something more than a quarter of a mile from the Town, very convenient to forbid our shipping to ride near the same, wherein Don john de Aquila the Spanish General, had placed a Captain with one hundred and fifty Soldiers, whom he promised to relieve if they were assailed, or bring them off in boats. The two Culverings were landed, 28. Octob. and all means used to mount them, but it could not be done till the next day, so ill was every thing fitted, by reason there had been no use of them of a long time. These two Pieces were mounted, 29. Octob. and all things put in a readiness to batter the next day, The Spaniards repulsed. the Spaniards in the Town discovering our purpose, did that night assay to relieve the Castle by Boats, and were valiantly repelled by Captain Button, with shot out of his ship. 30. Octob. The two Culverings began to play upon the Castle of Rincorran, The Castle of Rincorran besieged. but within two or three shot the carriage of the better Culverin broke, and about two of the clock in the afternoon, the other received a flaw, and by that means made unserviceable, so all that could be done that day, was to mount the whole Culverin upon her carriage. The same day they gave an Alarm to our Camp, drawing Artillery out of the Town, and with it played into our Camp, killed two near the Lord Deputies tent with a Demy Cannon shot, and through the next tent to it, broke two Hogsheads of the Lord Deputies beer, The Spaniards repulsed by Sir Richard Percy. and every shot that was made fell still in the Lord Deputies quarter near his own tent. Don juan de Aquila perceiving the Castle would be distressed, attempted to relieve it by Boats, but Sir Richard Percy beat them off, who had the command of the Lord Presidents regiment, that this night was appointed to guard. The Culverin in the morning began to play, 31. Octob. and about nine of the clock, The castle of Rancorran battered by the Lo. President. the Demy Culverin was mounted, which after a few shot broke her Axletree; before three she was remounted, and by that time a Cannon likewise planted, and all the three Pieces without intermission played: The Lord President misliking the manner of the making of the battery, not being constantly made upon one place, but upon the Spikes of the Castle, requested the Lord Deputy to leave that service to his care, whereunto he easily assented. To show that he was well experienced in the profession of a Cannonier, wherein he had been (by reason of his employments) long practised, he performed the office of a Master-gunner, making some shot, and that the Artillery might play as well by night as day, himself did take and score out his ground-markes, and with his Quadrant took the true level, so as the want of daylight was no hindrance; but in doing thereof he fairly escaped two Musket shot: for as he was standing at the Breech of a Cannon busy about his work, the one lighted upon the muzzle of the Piece, the other upon the Carriage close to the Trunnions: While we were busy attending the Battery, A fair escape. five hundred of the principal men drew out of Kinsale, with show to go to relieve Rincorran by land, toward a guard we kept between Rincorran and the Town, leaving a great gross for the seconds under the walls, and under that colour to gain a safe passage for their Boats thither; whereupon out of the Regiments (being then in Arms in the Camp) divers broken Companies drew that way, among which Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn sent Captain Roe his Lieutenant Colonel, A remarkable skirmish between us and the Spaniards that attempted to relieve Rincorran. and Sir Arthur Savages Lieutenant with one hundred men, and seeing them likely to draw on a round Skirmish, took thirty Shott of his own Company, and went up to them, where he found Captain Roe, and Carbery, (Lieutenant to Captain Thomas Butler) skirmishing with Shot, the Enemy being hard by them with some two hundred men, and another gross near towards the Town to second them. The Lord Audley who drew some of his Regiment out of the Camp, was then coming up; as soon as Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn came where the skirmish was, he saw the Enemies drawing up to give a charge, coming close with their Pikes, whom they presently encountered, and beat them back towards their seconds, and made them retreat apace; Notwithstanding they played upon them with their small shot out of every house in that quarter of the Town, being full of Towers and Castles. In this Charge, Sir Oliver received on his Target and Body divers thrusts with the Pike, whereof one gave him a very small hurt in the thigh; he killed a Leader, and one other with his own hands. The Lord Audley coming up to the charge, was shot through the thigh, The Lord Awdley, Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn and Sir Garret Harvy hurt. Sir Garret Harvie hurt in the hand, and his horse killed under him, Captain Butler's Lieutenant was slain, and four other, Sir Arthur Savages Lieutenant shot through the Body, and thirty other hurt; the Enemy left ten or eleven dead in the place, besides those that were hurt, which in all likelihood were many, by reason of the nearness of the shot; and as one reporteth, (that came the next day from Kinsale, and had been in the Ghesthouse amongst them) 70 were brought thither hurt, whereof eight died that night: In this skirmish was taken prisoner juan Hortensio de Contreras, A Spanish Commander taken prisoner that had been Sergeant Major of the forces in Britain, and divers very good Arms, and Rapiers gotten from the Spaniards. All this while the three Pieces played upon the Castle, until six of the clock at night, at which time they in the Castle founded the Drum, The Enemy demands a parley, but the Lo. President refused to treat with the messenger. and prayed admission of parley, which the Lord Precedent, (whom the Lord deputy had left there, himself returning to take care of the Camp) accepted, there came with their Drum an Irish man borne in Cork, who prayed in the name of the rest, that they might be licenced to depart to Kinsale with their Arms, bag and baggage; this being denied by the Lord Precedent (who would not conclude with any, but the Commander of the place) he returned the Messenger, willing him to tell the Commander that no other but himself should be heard, and that he had no commission to grant them any other composition then to yield to her Majesty's mercy: Then immediately they sent the Drum again, and with him a Sergeant called Pedro de Herodiay çuaçola whom the Lord Precedent refused to speak withal, A second messenger likewise refused. upon whose return the Commander himself called Bartholomeo Paez de Clavijo an Alfero, The Commander parleyed with the Lord Precedent, but his offer rejected. came to the Lord Precedent, but not agreeing upon the conditions, for he still insisted to depart with their Arms to Kinsale (being put safe into the Castle) the battery began afresh, and the Defendants bestowed thicker volleys of shot then at any time before; at length about two of the clock, when they found the weak estate the Castle was grown into by fury of the battery, A parley the fourth time demanded and rejected. they sounded again their Drum for an other parley, which not being accepted, many of them endeavoured to escape under the Rock close to the water side, which being espied by us, The Enemy endeavoured to make an escape, wherein many were slain & taken prisoners. our men ran presently close to the Castle walls, and if the Lord Precedent had not forbidden them (although the breach was not sufficiently assaultable) they would have entered the house; of those which attempted to escape, there were three and twenty Spaniards taken; and of this Country birth a great multitude of Churls, women and children, there was likewise slain of the Spaniards towards thirty; all this while the Enemy shot not a shot, but as men amazed lay still; of the Irish there was not a man taken that bare weapon, Dermond Mac Carty alias Don Dermutio taken prisoner. all of them being good Guides escaped, only one Dermond Mac Cartie, by them called Don Dermutio was taken, who was then a pensioner to the King of Spain, and heretofore a servant to Florence Mac Cartie. A good while before day, the Lord deputy sent Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn to the Precedent, Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn sent from the Lord Deputy with direction to the Lord Precedent. to signify his pleasure unto him; which was if they would render themselves, he should accept of their offer, excepting the Irish; not long after Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn was departed (that no error might be committed;) towards the morning the Lord Precedent went to the Lord deputy, to make relation of that nights proceeding, and upon deliberation, it was thought convenient, if the Spaniards would quit their Arms and render the place, with promise of life only to be sent into Spain, that they should be received to mercy; The reasons that induced the Lo. ●Deputy to receive the Spaniards at Rincorran to mercy. the consideration whereof grew upon these reasons; the one because in forcing a breach, it was likely many good men should be lost, and also to entice others that are in Kinsale to leave the place (wherein they felt misery) by the example of this merciful dealing with those of Rincorran, but especially because expedition in the taking of this Castle had many important consequences. About one hour after day, the Commander sent word to the Lord Precedent that he would render the place, and quit all their Arms, so as they might be sent to Kinsale, which being refused, he entreated only that himself might hold his Arms, and be sent to Kinsale, which also being denied, he resolutely determined to bury himself in the Castle, The agreement between the L. Precedent, and the Spanish Commander of Rincorran. and not to yield: his Company seeing his obstinacy, did threaten him to cast him out of the breach, so as they might be received to mercy; in the end it was concluded that all his people should be disarmed in the house, which was done by Captain Roger Harvie, Captain of the Guards that night, and himself to wear his sword until he came to the Precedent, and then render it unto him, which being performed upon his knees, they were brought prisoners into the Camp, and from thence immediately sent unto Cork. The last of October, the Precedent received a gracious Letter from her Majesty, all written with her own hand, it was short, but yet therein is lively expressed in what a thankful sort his service was accepted, the true Copy whereof here ensueth. CHAP. XIIII. Her Majesty's Letter to the Lord Precedent. A supply of Munition and victuals. A resolution in Council that Forces should be sent to encounter O donnel. The Lord Precedent of a contrary opinion, and his reasons. The reasons why this service was imposed upon the Lord Precedent. The Lord President marcheth towards O donnel. O donnel lodgeth near the Holy Cross, and the strength of his Quarter. O donnel by the means of a great Frost, p●ssed over the Mountain of Shewphelim, whereby he escaped from fight with the Lord Precedent. O Donnels hasty March. The principal men that were in O Donnels Army. The principal men in Tyrones' Army. Her Majesty's Letter unto the Lo. President. MY faithful George, if ever more service of worth were performed in shorter space, than you have done, We are deceived; among many eye-witnesses, We have received the fruit thereof, and bid you faithfully credit, that what so Wit, Courage, or Care may do, We truly find, they have been all truly acted in all your Charge, and for the same believe, that it shall neither be unremembered, nor unrewarded: And in mean while believe, my Help nor Prayers shall never fail you. Your Sovereign that best regards you, ELIZ. R. The second of November 2. Novemb. the Ordnance was drawn from Rincorran to the Campe. The third, 3. Novem. the Spanish Sergeant Major which had been taken prisoner upon the last of October, and the Alferes, which rendered himself upon condition of life at Rincorran, obtained licence to write to Don juan, and one of our Drumme● was sent to carry their Letters. The fifth, 5. Nou. four Barks with Munitions and Victuals from Dublin, arrived in the Haven of Kinsale. A supply of munition & victuals. The sixth, 6. Nou. upon certain knowledge that Tyrone and O donnell were drawing towards Monster, the trenches of the Camp were made deeper and higher. The seventh, 7. Nou. the Lord deputy having Intelligence, that O donnell with a great part of the Northern Forces was advanced near unto the Province, It was concluded in Council that forces should be sent to encounter Odonnel. to join with the Spaniards, and that Tyrone was but a few days journeys short of him, it was debated in Council, whether it were necessary that Forces should be sent towards him, to divert his intention: It was agreed by the greater part, that two or three Regiments of Foot, and some Horse should be employed in that service. The Precedent was of a contrary opinion, alleging for instance, The Lo. Precedent was of a contrary opinion, and his reasons. that Tyrone at his late being in Monster, at whose return the Earl of Ormond having good Especials, and very desirous to fight with him, yet could never have sight of him, or of any of his company; and the reasons (said he) are very apparent, for they are sure to have the Country to friend, to give them hourly intelligence of our lodging and marches, and they are so light footed, as if they once get the start of us, be it never so little, we shall hardly or never overtake them. Notwithstanding these reasons, it was concluded that Forces should be sent; and for so much as the Country would be more willing to give assistance to the Lord Precedent, then to any other; The reasons why this service was imposed upon the Lord Precedent. as also because he was best acquainted with the passages, and places of advantage, to give Odonnell impediment: He was commanded with his own Regiment, and Sir Charles Wilmots', which were in List two thousand one hundred and fifty, but not by pole above one thousand, and three hundred and fifty Horse in List, which were by pole two hundred and fifty) to undertake the Service; and for his better strength Sir Christopher Saint-Laurence (who with his Regiment was coming into Monster, and was to meet him upon the way) should join with him, and also the Rising out of the Country. The Precedent in Obedience, though without hope to meet with an Enemy, The Lo. Precedent marcheth towards Odonnell. that hath no will to hazard his Troops in fight, (for so he conceived of Odonnell) the seventh of November left the Camp, and never ceased travelling until with long and weary Marches he came to Ardmaile in the County of Tipperary. Odonnell with his sharking Troops, lodging not far from the Holy Cross, Odonnell lodged near to the Holy Crosse. their Camps not being distant the one from the other above four miles: But the Country stood so partially affected to the Traitors, as by no promise of reward, or other satisfaction could they be induced to draw any draught upon them: by reason whereof, (but with great disadvantage) no probable attempt of good success could be made upon them, being lodged (as they were) in a strong Fastness of Bogg and Wood, The strength of his quarter. which was on every quarter plashed: For avoiding of confusion, I must ask some pardon of the Reader, to continue the Discourse of the Precedents journey, until I speak any more of the siege at Kinsale: Odonnell on the other side fearing our forces, (which were increased by a Regiment of Foot, and some Horse, which Sir Christopher Saint-Lawrence brought with him, durst not enter farther into the Country, because he could not avoid us, and at that time he had no other way to pass; for the Mountain of Slewphelim (which in Summer time is a good ground to pass over) was by reason of great reins, so wet and boggye, as that no Carriage or Horse could pass it. This Mountain is in the county of Typperarie, towards the Shenan, and from thence to come into the county of Limerick, the passage is through a strait, near to the Abbey of Own●y, which Abbey, from the place where Odonnell encamped in Omaghers' Country, is at the least twenty Irish miles, having (as we thought by lodging where we did) prevented his passage, there happened a great frost, the like whereof hath been seldom seen in Ireland, and the Enemy being desirous to avoid us, Odonnell by the means of a great frost passed over the mountain of Slewphelin whereby he escaped from fight with the Lord Precedent. taking the advantage of the time, rose in the night and marched over the Mountain aforesaid; whereof as soon as we were advertised, we likewise rose from cassel, whither we were drawn (mistrusting that they would take the advantage of the frost) four hours before day, in hope to cross him before he should pass the Abbey of Ownhy, supposing that it had not been possible for him to have marched farther (with his carriage) without resting: The next morning by eleven of the clock we were hard by the Abbey, but then we understood that Odonnell made no stay there, but hastened to a house of the Countess of Kildares' called Crome, Odonnels hasty march to escape the Lord Precedent. twelve miles from the Abbey of Ownhy, so as his march from Omaghers' Country to Crome (by the way which he took) without any rest was above two and thirty Irish miles, the greatest march with carriage (whereof he left much upon the way) that hath been heard of: To overtake him we marched the same day from Cashell to Kilmallock, more than twenty Irish miles, but our labour was lost: The morning following, Odonnell with all his forces rose from Crome, and lodged that night in the strait of Conneloghe, where he rested a few days to refresh his tired and surbated Troops: The Precedent seeing that this light●ooted General could not be overtaken, thought it meet to hasten to the Camp at Kinsale to prevent his coming thither, wherein we used such expedition, as (if he had done his uttermost) we were sure to be there before him, or enforce him to fight with us, for we took the next direct way, and he for his safety (to avoid us) marched a farther way about through Dowalla, and Muskry, which was very troublesome to pass with Horse and Baggage: the time of our return to the Camp was the five and twentieth of the same Month: In our retreat towards Kinsale, between Kilmallock and Moyallo, we overtook the Earl of Clanricard (with his Regiment) marching towards the Camp, and also between Moyallo and Cork, we met with the Earl of Thomond, who was sent by the Lord Deputy with his Troop of Horse to follow the Precedent. There came into Monster with Odonnell, The principal men that were in Odonnells army. these principal Gentlemen of Ulster and Connaght, viz. Orwrke, Mac Swiny ne Doa, Odogherty, Oboyle, the two Mac Donoghes, Mac Dermond, Okellie, Obirne, O Conner Roes two sons, Odonnels two brothers, donnel O Conner Sligoes' brother, the two Oflares, William Burke brother to Redmond, and Hugh Mostian, besides of Monster men, the Lord of Lixnaw, john fits Thomas, brother to the counterfeit Earl of Desmond, the Knight of the Valley, Dermond moil Mac Cartie, brother to Florence, and many others: his whole number consisted near unto four thousand Foot and three hundred Horse; this was related unto the Precedent by one james Welsh, who was with Odonnell, when he fled the incountering of the Precedents forces; The principal men in Tirones armi●. he also affirmed that Tyrone had in his Army, Mac Genis, Mac Guire, Mac Maghon, Randell Mac Lorly, Oneale, and all the chiefs of Ulster with their forces. CHAP. XV. A part of Don Dermu●io his Examination concerning a practice for the taking or killing of the Lord Precedent. A Sally made by the enemy in Kinsale. A Spanish Captain slain. Master Hopton died of a ●urt. The Earl of Thom●nd landed at Castlehaven with supplies of Horse and F●●t. Supplies of Horse and Foot landed at Waterford. The Queen's Fleet, and supplies of Foot with munitions, etc. arrived at Cork. Castle Nigh Park attempted to be taken by us, but the Enterprise failed. A Council of War called by the Lord deputy. THE dangerous hazard which the Precedent was in, A part of Don Dermutio his examination concerning a practice for the taking or killing of the L. President. in this journey I may not omit to relate, aswell for the peril he ran, as for his temper; in not seeming to see that which he perfectly knew, and despising it; for D●rmond Mac Cartie called by the Spaniards Don Dermutio, taken as you have heard at the siege of Rincorran, (being examined by the Council) confessed to them, that Cormuck Mac Dermond Lord of Muskery, had intelligence with Don john, and certain presents had been mutually given and received, and that the said Cormuck had undertaken, and faithfully promised, to deliver up the Precedent to Don john alive or dead; the Precedent was himself present at this examination, which notwithstanding, he took the said Cormuck, and ten Horsemen his Followers along with him; road with him, eat and drank with him, and many times had private conference with him; not seeming to take notice of any treacherous intent; besides his Army consisting of three thousand or there abouts, what with Country risings out, and under Captains in pay, two thousand of these were of Irish birth, no less affected to the Rebels then to themselves; and I can well assure the Reader upon good grounds, that if our forces had received any disaster, they would all have turned Turks, and cut the throats of their own Commanders. The eighth, 8. Nou. certain Ships to the number of thirteen, were discovered, passing by Kinsale to the Westward, but afterward it proved to be the Supplies sent out of ENGLAND with the Earl of Thomond. The Spaniard by that time had gotten knowledge of the departure of a good part of our Forces, 10. Nou. and thereupon supposing us to be much weakened, A Salley made by the Enemy. (as it cannot be denied but we were) and inferior to them in the Town in bodies of men, they drew out (about noon) the most part of their Forces, and anon after sent some threescore Shott and Pike to the foot of the hill close by our Camp, leaving their Trenches very well lined for their seconds: Some of ours were presently drawn out to entertain the skirmish with those that came up, and another strong party was sent out towards Rincorran, who from the Bushy hill played in flank upon their trenches, and beat them from the same; so as they that were first sent out close to our Camp, being beaten back by our shot, and thinking to find the seconds they left behind them, were disappointed by the quitting of their trenches, and by that means driven to follow the rest to the succour of the Town; our men following them with much fury, hurt and killed divers, amongst whom they brought off the body of a Sergeant, and possessed the enemy's trenches, the which the Enemy (being reinforced) made many attempts to regain, but were repulsed and beaten back into the Town; we heard by divers that Don john committed the Sergeant Major (who commanded then in chief) presently after the fight, and threatened to take off his head, commended highly the valour of our men, and cried shame upon the cowardice of his own, who he said had been the terror of all nations, but now had lost that reputation, and he gave strait commandment upon pain of death (which he caused to be set upon the Town gates) that from thenceforth no man should come off from any service, until he should be fetched off by his Officer, though his powder were spent or his Piece broken, but make good his place with his sword; Captain Soto, one of their best Commanders was that day slain, A Spanish Captain slain. for whom they made very great moan, and some twenty more besides were hurt, which could not but be many; on our side only some ten hurt and three killed; among whom Master Hopton a Gentleman of the Lord Deputies, was sore hurt, Mr. Hopton died of a hurt. and since died thereof: If this skirmish had not been readily and resolutely answered on our part, the Spaniards had then discovered the smallness of our numbers, and would no doubt have so plied us with continual sallies, as we should hardly have been able to continue the siege. The same day we had News of the Earl of Thomonds' landing at Castlehaven, The Earl of Thomond landed at Castle haven with supplies of horse & foot. with one hundred horse, and one thousand foot of Supplies out of England in thirteen Ships, which by violence of foul weather had been driven to the westermost part of Ireland, and with great difficulty recovered Castlehaven aforesaid, from whence the fifth day following he came with Horse and Foot to the Camp at Kinsale; 11. Novemb. The next day being the eleventh, we were advertised that Sir Anthony Cook, Supplies of horse & foot landed at Waterford. and Patrick Arthur were landed at Waterford with two thousand foot, and some horse. The twelfth, The Queen's fleet, and supplies of foot with munitions &c. arrived at Cork Sir Richard Levison, Admiral, and Sir Amias Preston, Vice-admiral of the Queen's Fleet for Ireland, with ten Ships of War, arrived at Cork with two thousand Foot, besides Munitions, Cannoneers, Carpenters, Wheelewrights, Smiths, etc. presently the Lord deputy sent them direction to come for Kinsale. The thirteenth, 13. Novem. nothing was done either by us or the enemy. The Queen's Ships with much difficulty recovered the harbour of Kinsale, 14. Nou. the Admiral Sir Richard Levison, and the Vice-admiral Sir Amias Preston, came to the Lord Deputies Camp: That day and the next day, the two thousand Land-forces were put on shore, and before that we had certain news of the arrival of the other Forces from Barstable, and Bristol, at Waterford, and Castlehaven: but they were not then come to the Camp, nor in many days after. The Lord deputy coming from aboard the Ships, 15. Nov▪ a great shot was made at him from the Town, A fair escape. from whence they might discern him in the head of a Troop, and yet miss him very little. Some of the Queen's Ships (having direction) began to play upon a Castle in the Island, 16. Nou. called Castle Nigh Park, held fit next to be taken, to invest the Town on that side; they broke off some part of the top, but finding that they did it no greater hurt, they left shooting, and the rather because that day and the two next proved so extreme stormy and foul, as the Ordnance could not be landed, nor any thing else well done; yet out of an extraordinary desire to effect somewhat, 17. Nou. the seventeenth being the most happy day of her Majesty's Coronation, which we meant to have solemnised with some extraordinary Adventure, if the weather would have suffered us to look abroad▪ we sent at night when the storm was somewhat appeased, the Sergeant Major, and Captain Bodily, with some four hundred Foot to discover the ground of Castle Nigh Park, Castle ny Parke attempted to be taken by us, but the enterprise failed. and to see whether it might be carried with the Pickaxe, which was accordingly attempted▪ but the Engine we had gotten to defend our men while they were at work, being not so strong as it should have been, they within the Castle having store of very great stones on the top, tumbled them down so fast as broke it, so as they returned with the loss of two men, and proceeded no further in that course. The same day, A Council of War called by the L. deputy. the Lord deputy called a Council of war, wherein it was propounded, that now that her Majesty had plentifully furnished us with men, munition, and victuals, we wereto consider of our own strength, and the best way either to attempt the Town or to continue the siege, we were also to consider of the force of the Enemy within Kinsale, and what aides they were like to have out of the Country, and of all other commodities, or incommodities that were to happen on either side: The conclusion and resolution was, that we should invest the Town with all celerity, to keep it short of relief, and before the making of a breach to break their houses, that they might find no safety in them, and thereby to be exposed to the like incommodity of cold and rain as we felt in the Camp; in doing whereof it was conceived that many would be slain, and endanger the destroying their magazines of powder and victuals; for if presently we should make a breach and attempt it by assault, there was no difference, between a weak place (stored with bodies of men) and a strong fortified Town; besides the Enemy had ground sufficient (if a breach were made) to cast up new earth works, which would put us to more toil and loss of men than an old stone wall; and (in the opinion of all the chiefest of the Army) it was concluded, that we could not do the Enemy a greater pleasure, or unto ourselves a greater disadvantage, then to seek to carry it by a breach, before the forces in the Town, either by sword or sickness were weakened. CHAP. XVI. The Earl of Thomond with his supplies came to the Campe. Castle ny Park rendered by the Spaniards. A Spanish Captain wounded whereof he died. A brave Act of a private Soldier. Approaches made nearer to the Town. The Lord Precedent with the Earls of Thomond and Clanricard returned to the Campe. A sally made by the Spaniards. THE Earl of Thomond The Earl of Thomond with his supplies came to the Campe. also with one thousand Foot, and one hundred Horse (having been by force of weather driven far to the Westward, and with much difficulty had recovered Castle-haven) came thence by Sea to the port of Kinsale: The Lord Deputy to refresh his men and horses, sent them to Cork, for in their healths they were impaired; and that evening some Spaniards fled from Kinsale, and voluntarily came to our Campe. A Demy Cannon was unshipped as soon as it was calm, 19 Nou. and placed on this side the water, which played most part of that day upon that Castle, and broke many places, but made no breach that was assaultable: In the night they of the Town attempted to relieve the Castle by boat, but were repelled by Captain Tolkern, and Captain Ward, who lay with their Pinnaces between the Island and the Town. The Demy Cannon played again, 20. Nou. and a Cannon then landed and placed by it (with some Ordnance also out of the Ship) though they served to small purpose; Castle Nigh Park rendered by the Spaniards. about noon one hundred men were sent with Captain York and Captain Smith, to view if the breach were assaultable, and though they found it was not, yet the Spaniards within being no longer able to endure the fury of the shot, hung out a sign for parley, (upon the first show of our men) and yielded themselves and the Castle upon promise of their lives only; which being accepted, they brought them presently to the Camp, being in number seventeen: Before the Castle was yielded, the Spaniards in the Town made divers shot at Captain Tolkernes Pinnace, with a piece of Ordnance which they mounted a day or two before close to the gate of the Town, but did no hurt at all unto her; the Pinnace warping nearer to the other side under the hill, and at last road safely without danger of the shot: The same day a Platform was made upon a ground of advantage, (not far from the Camp) that commanded one part of the Town, that under the favour thereof we might the better make our nearer Approaches, which at that time we could hardly have done, by reason of the great extreme frost, and a Demi-canon mounted upon it, with which some shot was made at the Town, and a Sentinel taken anon after affirmed, that the first Piece shot off went through the house that Don john was in, and did otherwise great hurt. An other Cannon was brought up, 21. Nou. and planted by the Demi-canon, which the night before was brought from the Ship, and this day the Lord deputy went over into the Island, to view how from thence the Town might be best annoyed and invested. Also the Prisoners which were taken at Castle Park, were sent to Cork, with direction to the Major, to send them, and all the former prisoners into England, the Sergeant Major, and the Commanders of Rincorran, and Castle Nigh Park excepted; and this day a great number of Irish women and children were put out of Kinsale, to try their fortunes in the Country. Four other Pieces were planted by the Cannon and Demy Cannon, 22. Nou. which altogether played into the Town; A Spanish captain wounded whereof he died. one of those short killed four men in the Market place, and struck off a Captain's leg, called Don john de Saint-Iohn, who is since dead of the hurt. That Evening one james Grace, an Irishman, ran out of Kinsale, assuring the Lo. deputy that Don john at his landing was five thousand men, and that he was yet three thousand strong; that he had four Pieces of Ordnance well mounted; that the Irish which were with him were so much affrighted with our Artillery, as Don john had much to do to hold them, whose departure, (if it should happen) would be a great want unto him, for by them he received ease and comfort; and that Don john's house where he lodged, had been shot through with a great shot. The six Pieces began again about ten a clock to batter upon the Town, 23. Nou. and so continued till night, in which time, and in all men's judgements, as by report of the Prisoners we took, they did great hurt to the Town. A bra●e act of a private Soldier. This day, while the Lord deputy, the Marshal, and the Sergeant Major were viewing the ground where the Approaches were intended, a private Soldier of Sir Francis Barkleyes', in the face of the Guards, attempting to steal, (as he had done divers times before) a Spanish Sentinel, who was seconded with four that he saw not, fought with them all five, whereof one of them was the Sergeant Major, whom he had almost taken, and when he had found he could do no good upon them all, he came off without other hurt, than the cutting of his hand a little with the breaking of a thrust, which one of them made at him, and hurt the Sergeant Major. Approaches made nearer to the town. The Lord deputy this night began to make his approaches nearer the town, and for that purpose caused some 1000 Foot to be drawn out by Sir john Barkley, Sir Benjamin Berry, and Captain Bodley, who continued the work all night, and although the ground were extreme hard, (by reason of the frost) and the night very light, yet they brought the work to very good perfection; the Enemy played all the night upon them with great Volleys, but hurt but three men, neither in the Trenches, nor in divers Sallies they made, in the one whereof a Squadron of our new men beat them back to the gates: In the Evening his Lordship sent direction to Sir Richard Levison to land three Culverings this night, and to plant them in the Island, about Castle Nigh Park, that from thence they might likewise make Battery upon the Town, and Sir Richard drew in the Admiral, and Vice-admiral between the Town and the Island, from whence they did great hurt in the Town the next day. 24. Nou. All the Artillery still played; 25. Nou. but because the shot from the ships did but little hurt, The L. Precedent with the Earls of Thomond & Clanricard, returned to the Campe. (save only upon the base Town) the Lord deputy gave direction to make very few shot, except it were at the high Town. In the afternoon, the Lord Precedent, the Earls of Thomond, and Clanricard, Sir Thomas Burke, and divers others returned to the Camp, Odonnell with his force being stolen by them; This night direction was given to have a Platform made for the Artillery, upon the trench which was made on Monday night; somewhat after midnight the Spaniards made a sudden sally, A sally made by the Spaniards. with purpose to force that trench, but were quickly repelled by Sir Francis Barkley, who commanded there that night. The Companies that went with the Lord Precedent returned, 26▪ Nou. and with them two other Regiments of the Earl of Clanricards, and Sir Christopher Saint-Lawrence▪ the Regiments were that night quartered by themselves, upon the West side of Kinsale to invest the Town, and keep the Spaniards and Odonnell from joining. This night the three Culverings from the Island were planted on the point of the hill, near the water, on this side behind the last trenches: This morning the Spaniards played with a Demy Cannon (from the Town) upon the Admiral, which was twice shot, and the Vice-admiral once; they riding both close by the Town, and shot being made from those ships, they dismounted the Spaniards Piece within, and hurt their chief Gunner, so as it played no more. Betimes in the morning those three Pieces from the point of the Hill, 27. Nou. near the water played upon the Town, doing great hurt, by reason they were so near planted, but because the day fell out extreme windy and rainy, they were enforced to leave, and spent the rest of the day in drawing down some other Pieces, that were planted upon the first platform. CHAP. XVII. The Town of Kinsale summoned, and Don juan his Answer. The Spaniards beaten out of their trenches. The Marshal went to view the Town, to discover a fit place to batter. A skirmish entertained for the viewing of the breach. An entrenchment made on the West side of the Town. A bold attempt of a Sergeant of ours, wherein he was slain. A Soldier slain standing between the Lord Dep●●y and Lord President. The great sally made by the Enemy with a furious charge, both upon the plat form where the battery was placed, and upon a new entrenchment on the West side of the town; the Enemy repulsed and beaten. The Enemy gained our entrenchment on the Westside of the town. The entrenchment recovered from the Enemy. The loss on the Enemy's part, and on our part. IN the morning a Trumpeter was sent to summon Kinsale, 28. Nou. who was not suffered to enter into the Town, The town of Kinsale summoned, and Don juan his answer. but receiving his answer at the Gate, viz. that they held the Town first for Christ, and next for the King of Spain, & so would defend it, Contra tutti inimici: upon his return with this answer, the Lord deputy gave direction to begin the battery with all the Artillery, who continued in shooting upon the Gate till towards night, and broke a great part thereof, during the time the Ordnance played; Sir Christopher Saint-Laurence drew out from the other Camp some Foot, and gave upon the Spaniards trenches, The Spaniards beaten out of their trenches. which they possessed (with great numbers;) at the other end of the Town being enforced to go thereunto, through the fury of the shot, which they could not endure in that part of the Town, where the Ordnance played, at his first giving upon them, he beat them out of the trenches, following them to the very Gate of the Town, and killed some of them returning, without loss on our side save only some hurt. All the Artillery still played, 1601. and broke down most part of the Gate, 29. Nou. and some part of a new work made before the Gate. The Marshal taking some fifty shot, 30. Nou. went to the wall of the Town to view, which was the best place to make a breach, and found the wall close to the Gate on the right hand to be the fittest; The Marshal went to view the Town, to discover a fit place to batter. after he had taken view, and made a slight skirmish with the Spaniards, he returned without any loss, saving some three hurt, and caused the Artillery to beat upon that place, who played upon it (without any intermission) and broke down before night, a very great part of the wall, which the Enemy attempted to make up in the night, but were beaten from it by our Guards, who played upon them most part of the night: A Spaniard ran away this day from Kinsale, who reported to the Lord deputy, that our Artillery had killed divers Captains in the Town, besides private Soldiers. Resolved in Council (and by the Council of war) that some Foot should be drawn out of the Camp to give the Spaniards a bravadoe, 1. Decemb. and to view whether the breach was assaultable, and to cause the Spaniards to show themselves, A skirmish entertained for the viewing of the breach. that our Artillery might the better play upon them; whereupon two thousand Foot commanded by Sir john Barkley and Captain Blaynie were presently put in Arms, and drawn near the walls of the Town, who entertained a very hot skirmish with the Spaniards, that had lodged themselves in a trench close to the breach without the Town; during the continuance of this skirmish, our Artillery played upon those that showed themselves, either on the breach or in the trench, and killed many of them, besides such as were killed and hurt by our small shot; after an hour's fight (or thereabouts) when full view was taken, in what manner the breach was, and found not to be assaultable, our men were drawn off with little or no hurt on our side, saving some three hurt, and Captain Guests horse killed under him, who before killed two or three with his own hands: This night the Marshal, Sir john Barkley, Captain Blaynie, and Captain Bodily (the Lord deputy leaving the Precedent in the Camp, being almost all night present) drew out five and twenty of every Company, An entrenchment made on the West side of the town. and entrenched themselves on a Hill, on the West side of the Town, within less than half Callivers shot of the same, and cast up a small fort, to lodge some Foot to serve as seconds for the Artillery (that was to be planted) not far from it; our men being at work, the Spaniards about midnight began to play upon them from the walls, and from a trench, they possessed close to the West gate, and so continued very hotly till the morning; our men (that guarded the pioneers) playing likewise upon them, and divers hurt and killed on either side. Our men continued still in that work, 2. Decemb. and brought the same before night to very good perfection, though the Spaniards (from their high Castles, and other places of the Town) sought to annoy them what they could. While our men were thus at work, a Sergeant of Captain Blaynies drew out some seven or eight shot, and suddenly fell into a trench (that the Spaniards possessed) close to the town, A bold attempt of a Sergeant of ours, wherein he was slain wherein were some nine or ten Spaniards, of which the Sergeant killed two with his own hands, and the rest every man one; Not being contented therewith, he attempted to give upon another Trench possessed by the Spaniards some good distance from it; but in going on, the Sergeant was shot through the body, and his company in bringing him off had two hurt, and returned without any more loss. The same day the Lord deputy, A Soldier slain standing between the Lo. deputy, and the Lord Precedent. and the Lord Precedent came to see the new Work, and as they were discoursing very near together, a Musket shot from the Town passed between them, and broke the back bone of a Soldier that stood close by them, whereof he died. This night the Trenches where the Cannon was planted, The great sally made by the enemy, wherein they gave a furious assault, both upon the platform where the battery was placed, & upon a new entrenchment on the West side of the Town. being manned with the Lord Deputies Company, (commanded by Captain james Blunt) Sir Thomas Burkes, commanded by his Lieutenant, Sir Benjamin Berries, commanded by his Lieutenant, Captain▪ Rotheram himself, and Captain Hobbie, Captain Muses commanded by his Lieutenant, and Captain Roger Harvie commanding in chief, being Captain of the Watch: in a fort on the West near the Town between the two Camps, that was made the morning before, being manned by Captain Flower, with Sir Arthur Savages Company, Sir john Dowdalls Company, Captain Dillon, Captain Spencer, Captain Mastersons' Lieutenant, and Sir William Warrens Lieutenant, with certain Squadrons out of the Earl of Thomonds' Quarter, who stood in guard without the Trenches: The Enemy sallied about eight of the clock in the night (being extreme dark and rainy) with about two thousand men, and first gave slightly towards the new Trenches upon the West side, and presently after with a great gross upon the trench of the Cannon, continuing their resolution to force it with exceeding fury, having brought with them tools of divers sorts, to pull down the Gabions and Trenches, and Spikes to cloy the Artillery: The Alarm being taken in the Camp, the Marshal with Sir john Barkley, and Sir William Fortescue, Sir Francis Rush, and Captain Roe, with some five or six hundred sallied presently towards the Cannon for their seconds, and Sir Benjamin Berry fell out with some hundred directly towards the Port of the Town next to the Camp, to whose seconds the Lord deputy sent Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn: Upon the arrival of the Marshal with his Forces the enemy broke, and our men did execution upon them; Sir Benjamin Berry fell directly upon the Enemies seconds, whom he presently charged and broke, The enemy repulsed and beaten. killed many of them, and took the Commander of that body, being an ancient Captain of chief account with the enemy. At the same time the enemy gave upon our new Trenches, and continued the attempt a long time with great fury, till Captain Flower sallying out, and beating back part of their forces, The Enemy gained our entrenchment on the west side of the Town. the enemy entered before his return, and were possessed of the Trenches, in which time Sir William Godolphin gave many charges, for the seconding of our men, which continued fight in the field until the Earl of Clanricard, (being sent for their second) with Captain Shipwith, Captain Slingsby, Captain Clare, Captain Boise, and Captain Thomas Burke, with some sixty men, for the rest of his Regiment was not advanced, so far charged a gross of the Enemies without the sort, broke them, and did execution upon them towards the Town, and returning entered the fort again (which the Enemy abandoned) with little resistance, The entrenchment recovered from the Enemy. and made it good till he was relieved: In this sally the Enemy left behind them above sixscore dead bodies, besides such as were killed near the Town, and we took nine prisoners, of whom there was a Captain, a Sergeant, and a Drum; but since we heard out of the Town that they lost dead above two hundred of their best men, and two Captains, and two Alfeeroes, The loss on the Enemy's part. and the Sergeant Major, being the second Commander to Don john, and Don Carloes Carty, and above two hundred hurt; of our part were hurt Captain Flower, The loss on our part. Captain Shipwith (slightly in the face) the Earl of Clanricards Lieutenant, Captain Dillon killed, Captain Spencer, Captain Flowers Lieutenant, and some five and twenty private Soldiers; the Enemy at the Cannon, cloyed a Demy Culverin, which being a little crazed was left without the fort, but the next morning it was made serviceable again. There were some of them killed upon the Cannon, and upon the powder, and the trenches (in some places) filled with their dead bodies, and in that attempt (of the Cannon only) seventy two dead bodies (were left in the place) of the best men the Spaniards had, whereof many of them were found with Spikes and Hammers, to cloy the Cannon: The Captains, Officers, and Soldiers that defended the Cannon acquitted themselves singularly well. CHAP. XVIII. A supply of Spaniards landed at Castle-haven. A Council of war held. Good service done by a Scottish man Odonnell joined with the Spaniards at Castle-haven. All the Irish in the West of Monster, and some of the English race, revolted and adhered to the Spaniards. Sundry Castles rendered by the Irish into the Spaniards hands. Divers of the Irish had Companies in pay given them by Don juan. The Castle of Carigfotle taken and the Ward murdered. Tyrones' Army discovered near to our Campe. INtelligence sent to the Lord deputy, 3. Decemb. that six Spanish ships were put into Castle-haven, A supply of Spaniards landed at Castlehaven. and that six more were sent with them from the Groin, but in coming were severed by tempest, and no certainty what is become of them; in these were said to be two thousand Spaniards, come with great store of Ordnance and munition, and that two thousand more were coming presently after. A confirmation of the Spaniards being at Castlehaven, 4. Decemb. and that they were landed, whereupon it was resolved in Council, A Council of war h●ld. that our Camp should be strengthened, and the Artillery better entrenched and guarded, and to leave battering: the other Camp to rise and sit down close by the Town, between the North and the West gate, adding one Regiment more to it, and all the Horse to be drawn into our Camp; a Drum was sent to Don john, to offer him to bury his dead bodies, which he took thankfully, praying that we would bury them, and that he would do the like for any of ours, if they happened in his power. And this day Sir Charles Wilmot with his Regiment, was commanded for the better strengthening of the Earl of Thomonds' quarter, to rise out of the Lord Deputies Camp and lodge there. 5. Decemb. Sir Richard Levison, with a good part of the Fleet with towing got out of the harbour, to seek the Spanish fleet at Castle-haven, to take them if he could, or otherwise to distress them as much as he might. A Scottishman that had some eighty of those Spaniards aboard, 6. Decemb. put into Kinsale harbour in the morning, and getting a boat, acquainted Sir Amias Preston (the Vice-admiral) therewith, and put them into his hands; Good service done by a Scottishman. whereupon the said Scottishman, and four of the chief Spaniards (being Officers) were brought to the Lord Deputy, and examined before his Lordship, the Lord Precedent, and divers others of the Council, their examinations were sent into England; the Ships were heard to be in fight that day. This day our Ordnance was drawn from the old platforms into our Camp, the better to intend the service of the Field, and to place them more commodiously towards the West side of the Town, Odonnell joined with the Spaniards at Cast lehaven if we should see cause. News came this Evening, that Odonnell was joined with the Spaniards landed at Castle-haven, and that Tirone with his Force was very near us. The same day, the Ditches and Trenches of the Lord Deputies Camp, and the Earl of Thomonds' Quarter, were cast deeper and higher, and it was resolved, that two small Forts should be raised between the Earl of Thomonds' Quarter, and the water side, so that the Town might be wholly invested, to forbid any access to or from it. Until this time none of the Provincials of Monster, All the Irishry in the West of Monster and some of the English race revolted and adhered to the Spaniards. that had been either protected or pardoned, relapsed; but now upon the coming of these seconds to Castlehaven, Sir Finnin Odriscall, and all the Odriscalls, Sir Owen Mac Carties sons, and almost all the Carties in Carbrie, donnel Osulevan Bear, Osulevans Moor's eldest son, donnel Mac Cartie, the Earl of Clancares base son, with all the Carties of Desmond, john O Conner Kerry, the Knight of Kerry, all the protected and pardoned men in Kerry and Desmond, and all else from Kinsale and Limericke westwards, joined with Odonnell and the Spaniards; whereat little wonder is to be made, considering what power Religion and Gold hath in the hearts of men; both which the Spaniards brought with them into Ireland. The supplies of Spaniards were but seven hundred, but more were promised to follow; which moved the wavering Irish to conceive, that now the time was come for their deliverance from the English Government; whereupon they cast themselves into the Spaniards arms, Sundry Castles rendered by the Irish into the Spaniards hands and for testimony of their truths, Donogh Odrischall delivered unto them his Castle at Castle-haven, which commanded the Harbour, Sir Finnin Odrischall, (who never in the course of his whole life had been tainted with the least spot of disloyalty) rendered unto them his Castle of Donneshed at Baltimore, and his Castle of Donnelong, in the Island of Inisherkan, between which Castles all entrances into that Haven was debarred; and donnel Osulevan surrendered unto them his strong Castle of Dunboy, which absolutely commands Bear Haven; these three Harbours, being without all exception the best in the West of Monster: For the guard of those places Don john assigned, that one hundred of the late supplies should remain at Castle-haven, with a Magazine of Victuals and Munition, and eight Pieces of Ordnance; unto Donneshed and Donnelong he sent one hundred Foot, fifty for each of the Castles, and two Pieces of Artillery; and unto Dunboy he also sent one hundred Foot, and ten great Pieces: And to confirm these revolters by liberality unto his Master the King of Spain, he bestowed upon donnel Osulevan two hundred foot in the King's pay, Divers of the Irish had Companies in pay given unto them by Don juan. unto Donoghe Moyle Mac Cartie, son to Sir Owen Mac Cartie Reughe one hundred, upon Finin Mac Cartie his brother one hundred and twenty, and upon Phelim Mac Cartie one hundred, and to Odonevan one hundred; in all six hundred and twenty in the King's entertainment, and upon others he bestowed certain sums of money. T●e Castle of Carrigfoile taken and the Ward murdered. About this time also (not many days after this defection) john O Conner Kerry, found the means to betray the Castle of Carrigfoyle which was his, and then guarded for her Majesty by a Sergeant, and twelve Soldiers of Captain Saxies company. The other Camp strengthened their trenches, 7. Decemb. and a resolution to make two small forts beyond the Camp Westward, wholly to invest the Town, the forts and the Camp one to flank another. The Artillery was planted in several places of the Camp, 8. Decemb. for the best defence thereof, Tyrones' Army discovered near to our Campe. and a fort almost made near the Town, a slight skirmish towards night, wherein Sir Francis Barklies' Ancient, and some other were hurt: In the evening the rebels Horse were descried about two miles off, and (after supper) all the Army drawn into Arms, upon notice (given us by the scout) that the rebels were discovered. CHAP. XIX. A brief report of the good service done by Sir Richard Levison, upon the Spanish fleet at Castle haven. A Letter from Don ●uan de Aquila to Tyrone and Odonnell. A Letter from Don juan to Captain juan de Albornes' y Andrada. A Letter from Odonnell Osulevan Bear to the King of Spain. THIS night late, 9 Decemb. Sir Richard Levison returned into the harbour of Kinsale, A brief report of the good service done by Sir Richard Levison upon the Spanish fleet at Castlehaven and the next day came to the Lord deputy, unto whom he imparted, that the sixth day, with the Warrespit, the Defiance, the Swiftsure, the Marlin, one Merchant, and a carvil, he arrived at Castle-haven about ten of the clock in the forenoon, before four a clock the same day, one ship of the Enemy was sunk, the Spanish Admiral with nine foot water in hold drove to the shore upon the rocks, the Vice-admiral with two others drove likewise a ground, most of the Spaniards quitting their ships; the seventh of December the wind being extremely at Southeast, he road still at Castle-haven, the night following, with wind at West South-west, he warped out with the ships, the eighth at night he returned as aforesaid. Since we are informed by the Lord Curtsy, that they are all sunk but one ship, and great harm done both to their provisions and men. The Spaniards after their coming to Castle-haven, understanding the Queen's fleet was at Kinsale, expecting their coming thither, to make themselves as strong as they could, landed five Pieces of Ordnance which they planted close by the water side for the securing the harbour; but Sir Richard Levison did so ply the shipping, that he sunk and drive a shore as is related, and having effected as much as might be done by Sea, was willing to have left the harbour and return to Kinsale; but the wind being contrary, he was not able to get forth, but was forced to ride four and twenty hours within the play of those five Pieces of Ordnance, and received in that time above three hundred shot, through Hulk, Mast and Tackle being by no industry able to avoid it, until some calmer weather came, where by the help of some warpes laid forth by their boats, not without great danger and some loss, he came to set sail and returned for Kinsale. All the shot were made particularly at his ship, except some few at a Pinnace of the Queens, wherein Captain Fleming was Commander. All the time spent upon the nine ten and eleven, was in erecting the two forts formerly resolved upon, also in casting up of trenches, between the Earl of Thomonds' quarter, and the said forts, being more than thirty score in length, and making of trenches near to the Lord Deputies Camp: The Spaniards as well to interrupt, as to view our works, made certain light sallies, but they were easily beaten back without any hurt on our side. The twelfth, 12. Decem. the Enemy sallied again, but altogether fruitless. The thirteenth, 13. Decem. the weather fell out to be extreme fowl and stormy; and because of Tyrones' drawing near with all his forces, it was thought meet, not to attempt any thing of great moment, more than the removing of some Pieces of Ordnance, to a new platform made on the West side of the Town close unto it, to play upon the Castles, which might most hinder our works, when we should resolve to make a breach. The fourteenth fowl weather, 14. Decem. wherein nothing was performed. The fifteenth, 15. Decem. our Artillery on the West side of the Town did much annoy the enemy, in breaking down the houses, wherein many were slain. The sixteenth, 16. Decem. the Ordnance played into the Town, as the day before. The seventeenth, 17. Decem. fowl and stormy weather; nevertheless at night the Enemy sallied, and broke down a new platform which we had made. The eighteenth 18. Decem. the Cannon (as in former days) played into the Town, and annoyed the Enemy very much: And the same day, a Letter was intercepted, written from Don john to Tyrone and Odonnell, which is here inserted: And also a Letter to Captain juan de Albornoz y Andrada, both which were thus translated. A Letter from Don juan de Aquila, to Tyrone and Odonnell. I Was confident your Excellencies would have come upon Don Richardo his going unto you, because he had order from you to say that upon the Spaniards joining with you, (from Castle haven) you would do me that favour. I beseech you so to do, with as much celerity, and as well furnished as you possibly may: for I do assure you, the enemies are wearied, and but few, and that they cannot furnish (with Guards) the third part of their Trenches, which shall little avail them, their first fury resisted, all is ended. In what manner your Excellencies will come on, is better known to you there, then unto me here; I will give them enough to do this way, being ever attending to give the blow in all that I can and with some good resolution, that your Excellencies fight as you are accustomed, I hope in God the victory shall be ours, for that the cause is his: I do as much desire the victory for the interest which your Excellencies have in it, as for my own. There is nothing now to be done, but that you would bring up your Troops, come well apppointed, and in close Order, and being once mingled with the enemies, their Forts will do them as much harm as us. I salute Don Ricardo, the Lord preserve your Excellencies. From Kinsale the 28. of December. 1601. Stilo novo. Postscript. Though you are not well prepared, yet I beseech your Excellencies to hasten towards the enemy, for it imports much: I think it needful to be all at once on horseback: the greater haste you make, it is so much the better. Don juan de Aquila. A Letter from Don juan to Captain juan de Albornos y Andrada. I Was extreme glad of your Letter, and of the health of your person; when Don Ricardo went, he brought for resolution, that when the Earls had met with the Spaniards, they would come; the ill passage for Messenger is the cause that you have had no Letters from me: Hasten their coming, they know there (better than we do) the ways and the news: I am ever in readiness; the enemies are few, and wearied, and by good resolution (from thence) their Trenches shall not avail them, nor can they maintain so much ground as they lodge in: I will give them their hands full from the Town, and their first fury resisted all is ended. Ricard Owen Commend me to Don Ricardo, and to Captain Rius de Velasco, to whom I write not, because the Messenger should not carry too great a Packet. I have written to the Earls to hasten hither before the enemies have bettered their Quarter, it would profit much, and we being once mingled with them, their Forts will do them as much hurt as us: From Kinsale the eight and twentieth of December. 1601. Stilo novo. Don juan de Aquila. The nineteenth by reason of stormy and foul weather, 19 Decemb. nothing on either side was performed; but the same day donnel Osulevan Bear, in thankfulness to the King of Spain, and to endear himself the more into his favour, wrote unto him this ensuing Letter, the original was in Irish, and thus translated: but the Reader may understand, that it was long afterward before it came to the Lord Precedents hands, yet here inserted in regard of the date thereof. A Letter from donnel Osulevan Bear unto the King of Spain. IT hath been ever, most mighty and renowned Prince, and most gracious Catholic King, from time to time, manifestly proved by daily experience among us the Irish, that there is nothing worketh more forcibly in our hearts, to win, and to draw our love and affection, then natural inclination to our Progeny and Offspring, and the memorial of the friendship, which sticketh still in our minds; chiefly the same being renewed, cherished and kept in use by mutual affection, and by showing like friendship to us also; We the mere Irish long since deriving our root and original, from the famous and most noble race of the Spaniards: Viz. from Milecius son to Bile, son to Breogwin, and from Lwighe, son to Lythy, son to Breogwin, by the testimony of our old ancient books of antiquities, our Petigrees, our Histories, and our Chronicles: Though there were no other matter, we came not as natural branches of the famous tree, whereof we grew, but bear a hearty love, and a natural affection, and entire inclination of our hearts and minds, to our ancient most loving kinsfolks, and the most noble race whereof we descended: Besides this (my Sovereign) such is the abundance of your goodness, and the bounty or greatness of your liberality, now every way undeserved of our parts, as tokens of love and affection by your Majesty showed unto us, that it is not fit nor seemly for us, but to bestow our persons, our men, and our goods, in the service of a Prince, that dealeth so graciously with us, that sendeth forces of men, great treasure, victuals and munition for our aid, against our Enemies, that seek to overwhelm and extinguish the Catholic faith diabolically, put to death our Chieftains tyrannously, coveting our Lands and Livings unlawfully: For the foresaid considerations, and for many other commendable causes me moving: I bequeath, and offer in humbleness of mind, and with all my heart, my own person with all my forces, perpetually to serve your Majesty, not only in Ireland, but in any other place, where it shall please your Highness: I commit also my Wife, my Children, my Manors, Towns, Country, and Lands, and my Haven of Dunboy, called Biara-haven (next under God) to the protection, keeping and defence, or Commericke of your Majesty, to be and remain in your hands, and at your disposition: Also at your pleasure be it (my Liege Lord) to send defence and strong keeping of the haven of Dunboy, first for yourself (my Sovereign) to receive your ships; and for me also as your loving servant, so that the Queen of England's ships may not possess the same before you, while I follow the wars in your Highness' behalf: I pray Almighty God, to give your Majesty a long life, health of body and soul, with increase of grace and prosperity: So I betake you to the keeping of God: From the Camp near Kinsale the nine and twentieth of December, 1601, Stilo novo. Stilo novo. Your most dutiful loving Servant donnel Osulevan Bear. This morning being fair, 20. Decemb. the Ordnance played oftener, and broke down a good part of the wall; and to the end we might proceed the more roundly, (if Tyrones' force came not the sooner upon us) another great Trench was made beneath the Platform; to hinder which, the Enemies made very many shot, but all would not serve: for by the next morning that work was brought to good perfection, though the night fell out stormy, with great abundance of thunder and lightning, to the wonder of all men, considering the season of the year. This night came certain Intelligence, that Tyrone would be the next night within a mile and half of us. CHAP. XX. Tyrone with his Army approached within view of our Camp, but could not be provoked to fight. The enemy sallied out of the town. The Irish Army as before present themselves. The Enemy from the town make another sally. Intelligence of the Enemy's designs brought to Captain Taffe. TOwards night Tyrone showed himself with the most part of his Horse and Foot, 21. Decemb. upon a hill between our camp and Cork, Tyrone with his Army approached within view of our Camp, but could not be provoked to fight. about a mile from us, and on the other side of the hill encamped that night, where he had a Fastness of wood and water. Two Regiments of our Foot, and some Horse being drawn out of our Camp, made towards them; and when they saw our men resolved to go forwards, they fell back towards the place where they encamped. This night the Spaniards sallied again, and gave upon a new Trench made a little beneath our Camp, The Enemy sallied out of the Town. but were the sooner repelled, because that night we kept very strong Guards, and every man was in a readiness to be in Arms, by reason of Tyrones' being so near unto us. Tyrones' Horse and Foot kept still in sight in the place where they showed themselves the day before, 22. Decem. and many Intelligences affirmed unto us, The Irish Army as before presents itself. that they had a purpose to force our Camps. That night some of their Horse, and five hundred of their Foot were discovered searching out a good way to the Town, which was not made known unto us until the next day. The Enemy from the Town made another sally. The Spaniards sallied this night hotly, and gave upon a Trench, so as a Sergeant that had the guard thereof, quit it: But Sir Christopher Saint-Laurence coming to his second, beat them back before they did any great hurt. Our Artillery still played upon the Town, (as it had done all that while) that they might see we went on with our business, 23. Decem. as if we cared not for Tyrones' coming; but it was withal carried on in such a fashion, as we had no meaning to make a Breach, because we thought it not fit to offer to enter, and so put all in a hazard, until we might better discover what Tyrone meant to do, whose strength was assured to be very great, and we found by Letters of Don john's (which we had newly intercepted) that he had advised Tyrone to set upon our Camps, telling him that it could not be chosen, but our men were much decayed by the winter's siege, and so that we could hardly be able to maintain so much ground (as we had taken) when our strength was greater, if we were well put too, on the one side by them, and on the other side by him, which he would not fail for his part to do sound. Tyrone accompanied with Odonnell, Orwrke, Mac Guire, Mac Maghon, Randell Mac Sorly, Redmond Burke, O Conner Sligoes' brothers, 24. Decemb. and Captain Tirrell; with the choice force, and in effect all the Rebels of Ireland being drawn into Monster, and joined with Spaniards that landed at Castle-haven, who brought to Tyrones' Camp six Ensigns of Spaniards, and the greatest part of the Irish of Monster, who being revolted, were joined with them; and entertained into the Kings pay in several Companies, and under their own Lords, resolved to relieve the Town of Kinsale, and to that purpose sat down the one and twentieth of December, a mile and a half from the Town, between the English Camp and Cork, and on that side of the Army, kept from them all passages and means for forage, the other side, over the River of Ownybuoy, being wholly at their disposition, by reason of the general revolt of those parts, it seemed they were drawn so far by the importunity of Don juan de Aquila, as we perceived by some of his Letters intercepted, wherein he did intimate his own necessity, their promise to succour him, and the facility of the Enterprise; our Army being weak in numbers, and tired (as he termed us) with assurance from himself, that whensoever he should advance to our Quarter, he would give the blow sound from the Town; during the abode of the Rebels in that place, we had continual intelligence of their purpose to give Alarms from their party, and sallies from the Town, but to little other effect then to weary our men, by keeping them continually in Arms; the weather being extreme tempestuous, cold and wet; on the three and twentieth of December, late in the night, Captain Taffe informed the Lord deputy, Intelligence of the Enemies design brought to Captain Taffe. that one of the Rebels sent him word (and confirmed it by a solemn oath) to the bearer, that the resolution of the Rebels was either that night, or between that and the next, to enterprise their uttermost for the relief of the Town, with some particulars, in what sort they intended to give upon our Camp: The intelligence which Captain Taffe had was upon this occasion. CHAP. XXI. The means whereby Captain Taffe had his Imelligence. The Battle of Kinsale, wherein the Rebels were overthrown. The Lord Precedent directed by the Lord Deputy to guard the Camp, against any attempt to be made by the Spaniards. A glorious Victory. An old Irish Prophecy proved true. Two sallies made by the Spaniards. TVesday the two and twentieth of December, The means whereby Captain Taffe had his Intelligence. Brian Mac Hugh Oge Mac Maghon, a principal Commander in the Irish Army, whose eldest son Brian had many years before been a Page in ENGLAND with the Lord Precedent, sent a Boy unto Captain William Taffe, praying him to speak unto the Lord Precedent to bestow upon him a bottle of Aquavitae, which the Precedent for old acquaintance sent unto him; the next night being the three and twentieth, by the same Messenger he sent him a Letter, praying him to recommend his Love unto the Precedent, thanks for his Aquavitae, and to wish him the next night following to stand well upon his Guard, for himself was at the Council, wherein it was resolved, that on the night aforesaid, (towards the break of day) the Lord Deputies Camp would be assaulted, both by Tyrones' Army, (which lay at their backs) and by the Spaniards from the Town, who upon the first Alarm would be in a readiness to sally: Whereupon the Lord deputy gave order to strengthen the ordinary Guards, The Battle of Kinsale, wherein the rebels were overthrown. to put the rest of the Army in a readiness, but not into Arms, that about the falling of the Moon, the Regiment volant, (commanded by Sir Henry Power, and appointed only to answer the first occasion without doing any other duties) should draw out beyond the West part of the Camp, and there to stand in Arms, not far from the main guard of Horse: A little before the break of the day, the Lord Precedent went to the Lord Deputies house, and as they two and the Marshal were in Council, one of the Lord Precedents horsemen came to the door, and calling upon him said, My Lord, it is time to arm, for the enemy is near unto the Camp; and immediately Sir Richard Greame, who had the guard of Horse that night, sent word to the Lord deputy, that the Scouts had discovered the Rebel's Matches in great numbers; whereupon the Lord deputy caused the Army to draw presently into Arms, sent a Corporal of the field, to cause the like to be done in the Earl of Thomonds' quarter, and that from thence they should draw out three hundred choice men, between that quarter and the Fort, built upon the West hill, near a Barricado made (cross a high way) to stop the Enemies sudden passage in the night, and himself accompanied with the Precedent, and the Marshal advanced forwards towards the scout, and having given direction to Sir Henry Davers (who commanded the Horse under the Marshal) for the ordering of the Troops, sent the Marshal to take view of the Enemy, who brought him word, that Horse and Foot of theirs were advanced; whereupon the Lord Deputy with Sir Oliver Lambert rid to view a piece of ground, between that and the Town, which had on the back of it a Trench, drawn from the Earl of Thomonds' quarter to the West for't: on the front a boggish Glyn, and passable with Horse only at one ford, which before he had entrenched: the ground whereupon the Enemy must have drawn in gross, to force the passage, was flankerd from the Earl's quarter by the Cannon; it was resolved to make that ground good, being of greater advantage for Horse and Foot, both to be imbattled, and to fight: upon view whereof the Lord deputy sent the marshal word, that on that place he was resolved to give the Enemy battle, and sent the Sergeant Major (Sir john Barkley) to draw out Sir Henry Folliots, and Sir Oliver Saint-iohns' Regiments to that place: O Campo (that commanded all the Spaniards that came last out of Spain) desired Tyrone that he might imbattle his men, and presently give on, to join that way with Don juan, for their purpose was at that time, by that means to have put into the Town all the Spaniards with Tirrell, and eight hundred of their chief men, and the next night from the Town, and their Army to have forced both our quarters, of the success whereof they were so confident, that they reckoned us already theirs, and were in contention, whose prisoners the Lord deputy should be, and whose the Precedent, and so of the rest: But Tyrone (discovering the Marshal, and Sir Henry Davers to be advanced with all the Horse, and Sir Henry Powers squadron of Foot) retired beyond a ford at the foot of that hill, (with purpose as he feigned) till his whole Army were drawn more close; instantly the Marshal sent the Lord deputy word by Sir Francis Rush, that the Enemy retired in some disorder; whereupon the Lord deputy came up unto him, and gave order that all the Foot should follow; when we were advanced to the Ford (but our Foot not wholly come to us) the Enemy drew off in three great bodies of foot, and all their horse in the rear: The Lord deputy asked of some that understood the Country, whether beyond that ford, The Lo. Precedent directed by the L. Deputy to guard the Camp against any attempt to be made by the Spaniards. there were near any ground of strength for the Enemy to make advantage of; but being answered that there was none, but a fair Champion, he drew after the Enemy, and then desired the Lord Precedent to return from thence, and secure the Camp, and attend the sallies of Don juan, which he did, with whom the Lord deputy sent the Earl of Thomonds' Horse, Sir Anthony Cooks, and Sir Oliver lambert's, and only took with him between three or four hundred Horse, and under twelve hundred Foot, but being drawn out some mile farther, we might perceive the Enemy to stand firm, upon a ground of very good advantage for them, having a bog between us, and a deep ford to pass, and in all appearance with a resolution to fight: the Marshal being advanced with the Horse near unto the Ford, sent unto the Lord deputy, that he perceived the Enemy in some disorder; and that if he would give him leave to charge, he hoped to give a very good account of it; the Lord deputy left it to his discretion, to do as he should find present occasion, out of the disposition of the Enemy; whereupon the Earl of Clanrickard that was with the Marshal, importuned him exceedingly to fight, and the Lord deputy sent to draw up the Foot (with all expedition) close together, who marched as fast as it was possible for them to keep their orders; the Marshal as soon as a wing of the Foot of the Vanguard was come up unto him, and Sir Henry Power with his Regiment drawn over the Ford, advanced with some hundred Horse, accompanied with the Earl of Clanrickard, and gave occasion of skirmish upon the bog side, with some hundred hargubisheers; the Enemy thereupon put out some of their loose shot from their battle, and entertained the fight: their three battalions standing firm on the other side of the bog, at the first our shot were put close to the Horse, but with a second they beat the enemies lose shot into their battle; and withal the Marshal, with the Earl of Clanrickard, and Sir Richard Greame, offered a charge on a battle of one thousand Foot, and finding them to stand firm, wheeled a little about: by this time Sir William Godolphin with the Lord Deputies Horse, and Captain Mynshall with the Lord Presidents Horse, (who were appointed to keep still in gross, to answer all accidents) was come up, and Sir john Barkley with two of our three bodies of Foot: whereupon the Marshal with the Earl of Clanrickard, united themselves with Sir Henry Davers, Captain Taffe and Captain Fleming, charged again the Horse, and the rear of the same battle, who presently thereupon, both Horse and Foot fell into disorder and brake. All this while the Vanguard of the Enemies in which was Terrill, and all the Spaniards, stood firm upon a Bog on the right hand, unto whom, within Calievers shotthe Lord deputy had drawn up our Rear upon a little hill, and willed them to stand firm, till they received direction from him: but perceiving the gross drawing between our men that were following the execution, and the other Bodies of foot, he drew up that squadron, (commanded by Captain Roe) to charge them in Flank; whereupon they presently drew off, and in a great gross marched to the top of the next hill, and there for a little time) made a stand; the Rear of the Enemy being in ●heir retreat, the Van went off with few slain, but with the loss of many of their Arms, A glorious victory. their Battle (being the greatest Body) was put all to the sword, and not above some sixty escaped: The Vanguard who went last off, were broken on the top of the hill; the Irish for the most part quit the Spaniards, who making a stand, were broken by the Lord Deputies Troops, and most of them killed, O Campo the chief Commander taken prisoner by the Cornet, john Pykman, two Captains 7. Alferoes, and 40. Soldiers taken prisoners by such as followed the execution, which continued a mile & a half, and left there, only tired with killing: There were of the Irish rebels twelve hundred dead bodies left in the place, and as we heard from themselves, about eight hundred hurt, whereof many of them died that night: they lost above two thousand Arms, their Powder, Drums, and nine Ensigns, which was more than ever they had together before; of Captains, (besides other men of mark) fourteen were slain, and on our side only Sir Richard Greames Cornett was killed, Sir Henry Davers hurt with a sword slightly, Sir William Godolphin a little razed on the thigh with a Halberd, Captain Crofts the Scout-Master with a shot in the back, and not above five or six common Soldiers hurt, many of our horses killed, and more hurt: The Earl of Clanricard had many fair escapes, being shot through his Garments, and no man did bloody his sword more than his Lordship that day, and would not suffer any man to take any of the Irish prisoners, but bade them kill the Rebels. After the Retreit was sounded, the Lord deputy did give the Order of Knighthood to the Earl of Clanricard, in the field in the midst of the dead bodies, and returning back to the Camp, drew out the whole Army, and gave God thanks for this Victory with their prayers; At the ending whereof, and a volley of shot for joy discharged, Don juan (who was attentive to hear of the Spaniards approach) hearing the volley, and conceiving that his Aids were in fight with us, made a sally out of the Town; but when he perceived the Spanish Colours to be carried by Englishmen in triumph, he made a speedy retreat. The Enemy's Army, as Alonso de o Campo doth assure us, was six thousand Foot, and five hundred Horse; there were some of the Irish taken Prisoners, that offered great ransoms, but presently upon their bringing to the Camp, they were hanged. Although no man is less credulous than myself is of idle Prophecies, An old Irish prophecy proved true. the most whereof are coined after things are done, yet I make bold to relate this which succeeds, for long before the thing I speak of was brought to light: myself was an eye witness when it was reported; in concealing it I should wrong the truth, which makes me bold to remember it: Many times I did hear the Earl of Thomond tell the Lord Precedent, that in an old Book of Irish prophecies which he had seen, it was reported, that towards the latter days there should be a battle fought between the English and the Irish, in a place which the Book nameth, near unto Kinsale. The Earl of Thomond coming out of England, & landing first at Castle-haven, and after at Kinsale, as aforesaid: in the time of the siege, myself and divers others heard him again report the Prophecy to the Precedent, and named the place, where (according to the Prophecy) the field should be fought: the day whereupon the victory was obtained, the Lord President and the Earl road out to see the dead bodies of the vanquished, and the Precedent asked some that were there present, by what name that ground was called; they not knowing to what end he did demand it, told him the true name thereof, which was the same which the Earl so often before had reported to the Precedent. I beseech the Reader to believe me, for I deliver nothing but truth: but as one Swallow makes no Summer, so shall not this one true Prophecy increase my credulity in old Predictions of that kind. The five and twentieth in the afternoon the Spaniards made a sally, 25. Decemb. but they were enforced to retreat into the Town; Two sallies made by the Spaniards. at nine in the night they sallied again to hinder our works in the Trenches, the skirmish continued two hours, in the end they were repulsed: on our side the Ensigns of Captain Roper and Captain Gh●st were hurt; what harm they received, we know not. The six and twentieth in the night they gave again upon our Trenches, 26 Decemb. and enforced a Lieutenant (with his Guard) to quit them; Another sally and from thence they went to a little Fort of ours on the west side of the Town: but there they found so good resistance, as they were enforced to retreat with the loose of four men slain, and eight hurt. The seven and twentieth nothing was done, 27. Decemb. and that whole day was (by the Lord deputy, the Lord Precedent, and the rest of the Council then in the Camp) spent in making of Dispatches into ENGLAND. CHAP. XXII. Zubiaur arrived at Castlehaven, and immediately returned▪ O donnel, Redmond Burke, etc. embarked for Spain. The names of such of the Irish as fled into Spain. The loss which the Rebels had in passing through Monster, after the battle of Kinsale. THE eight and twentieth, 28. Decem. intelligence was brought to the Lord Precedent, who related it to the Lord Deputy, that Pedro Zubiaur Zubiaur arrived at Castlehaven, and immediately returned. (who was (as is said) a great Commander in the Spanish fleet that came to Kinsale) was lately landed at Castlehaven, and hearing of Tyrones' overthrow, he made no stay but set sail for Spain, carrying with him O donnel, Redmond Burke, Hugh Mostian, Odonnell, Redmond Burke, etc. embarked for Spain. with others of their train, whose names I will omit; but for the better satisfaction of the Reader I think it meet, to set down the names of sundry other Monster men, who not long after fled into Spain, whose names ensue. A List of the names of such of the Irish as have shipped themselves for Spain out of Monster, besides divers others which attended these, and whose names are not known, all which set sail since December, 1601. From Castlehaven in December, 1601. The names of such of the Irish as fled into Spain. Odonnell. Redmond Burke. Hugh Mostian. and their train. In a Pinnace of advice that brought the King's Letters, which were intercepted by the Precedent in February, 1601. Osulevan Bears sons, and with him one Trant of Dingle. donnel, Son to Sir Finin Odrischall, From Ardea in a Patache the seventh of june, 1602. Donoghe, Bastard brother to Florence Mac Cartie. Donoghe Mac Maghon Obrien Mac Enaspicke. Brian Okelly. From Kinsale with Don juan de Aquila, in March, 1601. Teg Mac donnel ne Contie. William Mac Shane, the Seneschals Son of Imokillie. Dermond Mac Conoghor Odrischall of Castlehaven, together with his Brother and Sons. Thomas Omoroghoe alias Thomas Keughe Mac Edmond of Muskry. Richard Meaghe, Son and Heir to james Meaghe of Kinsale. Dominicke White of Kinsale, a Capenters' Son. Melaghlen More of Kinsale, borne in Connaght. Conoghor Omonowe of Kinsale, and there borne. Edmond Mac Shane of Kinsale. Dermond Mac Shane of Kinsale. Donoghe Deasoghe of Kinsale. Andrew Butler a kern borne at Galway. William Butler a kern. Brothers. Maghon Mac Donogh Olery under Barry Oge. Dermond Mac Owen. David fits Garret Barry, and his wife and children dwelling at Rincorran. Garrot Barry Nicholas Barry john Barry David oge Barry sons to David ●its Garrot aforesaid. William Hartilige of Rincorran. john Hartelige, son to William aforesaid. Dermond oge Osulevan of Rincorran. Dermond Ogriffien of Rincorran. john Mac donnel Kedie of Rincorran, Dermond Mac Donell Kedie. Brothers. Maurice Roch fits john of Ellinfinchstowne in Kinal●y, john fits john Roche. Brothers. Conoghor Madge Donogh of Rathmore in Kinaley. Donogh Gowe, a Connaght man, dwelling at Rathmore in Kinaley. Hugo Ohellie, a Connaght man. Donogh Moel mac Enessis, Dermond Moel mac Carties' man, Owen mac Donogh mac Finnin Cartie of Curowrane, Donel oge Mac Donel Carty, brother to Don Carlos slain at Kinsale. Finnin oge Cartie, an other brother to Don Carlos. Brothers Conoghor oh Cullenan of Rathmore in Kinalley. Donell Ogriffien of the same. William mac Cormock, a Connaght man. Dermond mac Shane, a Connaght man. ●dmond Olavien, William Mac Ricard, Cormocke Olanahie, all Connaght men. Dermond Deaserghe, a Connaght man. Dermond Olongie of Muskry. Richard Cogan fits Philip of Barnehelly in Kerry-wherie. Finin Mac Donoghe Cartie, a Cousin to Don Carlos. Dermond Mac Finin Cartie, of Skeaghe in Carbry. donnel Mac Finin Cartie of the same. donnel Mac Teg Cartie of the same. David Skemnehan of Rincorran. john Mac Dermond Mac Shane, a Connaght man. Cormocke the Lord Presidents Footman, of the Birneses in Leinster. William Mac Shane of Rathmore, in the County of Limerick. donnel Mac Shane O Cullenan of Rathmore in Kinaley. john Oge Olenssie, a Connaght man. Teg Welsh, alias Teg Brenaghe. Cormocke Mac Donoghe ne Mroen Oriardane. Dermond Mac Donoghe ne Mroen Oriardane. Owen Mac Donoghe ne Mroen Oriardane. of Muskry, brothers. donnel Mac Shane Oriardane of Muskry. john Feild fits Maurice of Tracten Abbie. john Roe Mac William, of the County of Limericke. donnel O Sissuane of Kinsale. Teg O Sissuane, Son to donnel aforesaid. Hugo Lacy. Walter Ley of Kilkenny. Richard Stacboll. One Master Fits james a Pensioner. These came out of Spain with Don juan, and returned with him. From Ardea with Connor Odrischall and Archer, the seventh of july, 1602. Conner Odrischall, eldest Son to Sir Finin Odrischall. james Archer jesuit. Collie Mac Swine Mac Edmond, of the Mac Swine's of Carbry. his Son was hanged at Donboy in june, 1602. Cormocke Mac Donoghe, vic' donnel Rabaghe one of the Carties. Donoghe Mac Conner, of Castlehaven, and owner of it. donnel Mac Connor, vic' Dermond Odrischall. brothers. Mac Con Mac Iffie Odrischall. Teg Mac Iffie Odrischall. Morriertaghe Mac Iffie Odrischall. Brothers. Dermond Mac Conner of Kilkoe, Dermond Oge of the same, of the Carties, brothers. Shane Mac Dermond Iholonghane of Bantrie. Shane Mac Gillicuddie Iholoughane of Bear. Teg Oge ne Mockloghe. Owen Mac Teg ne Mocklog●e. of the Carties, brothers. Finnin mac Brown of the Odrischals. Conner Omaghon of Lem●on, one of the Omaghons of Ivagh. One of the sons of Gilliduff of Clear, and one of the Odrischals. Dermond Oge mac Dermond Odrischall. Conner mac Finnin Roe of Bonnanie in Bantrie. Tirlogh son to Teg Reugh mac Maghon of Thomond, who slew his Father when Donboy was besieged, his lands her Majesty hath given to the Earl of Thomonds' brother. Dowaltagh mac Morogh Icorromanie, fosterbrother to Odonnell. Elline ny Donogh, late wife to Dermond Moel mac Cartie, brother to Florence. Finnin Kearigh of the Fioll, one of the Carties. Dermond mac Shannaganie, a Rhymer. Gilliduff, a Thomond man. Two Soldiers of Thomond which served Conner Odrischall. David mac Shane of the Dingle, servant to james Archer the jesuit. Shane mac Dermond, vic' Donogh Oge oh Cullenan, Archers boy. Conner Oge Odrischall, heir to Conner Sir Finnins son, nine years of age. Thomas, son and heir to the Knight of the Valley, 14 years old. donnel Omaghon, a Mariner that came in company with Owen mac Eggan. Five Frenchmen that were taken by Teg Reughe, when they took the Ship and Merchant of galway. The nine and twentieth, 29. Decem. the Lord Deputy, and the Lord Precedent (from sundry persons, The loss which the Rebels had in passing through Monster after the battle of Kinsale. and divers ways) were advertised, that Tyrone in passing the broad water, lost many of his Carriages, and one hundred and forty of his men drowned; those which took their way through Connologh, (for they broke into many parts) had also loss of men and Carriages in the river of May, and the like at the Abbey of Ownhy in Omulrians' Country; so as they lost of all sorts above two hundred: The Footmen wearied in the flight, (to go the lighter) cast away their Arms, and their hurt men (carried upon weak and tired garrans) were by their fellows left upon the way, where they died; their tired horses were slain by their Masters, and the Country Inhabitants (for spoils sake) upon advantages would not spare to take some of their heads, but not in that proportion as they might have done, if they had been sound Subjects. Lastly, it was reported, (but how true it is I am somewhat doubtful) that Tyrone himself, and Mac Mahon were both hurt in the battle, and carried away on Litters. To conclude, never men were more dismayed with extremity of fear, than these lightfooted Traitors were. CHAP. XXIII. A Parley desired by Don juan, and granted by the Lord deputy. Don juan his Propositions, with their Answers, and his Reply. The Reasons which moved the Lord deputy and Council to yield to a Composition. The Articles of the Composition. THE last of December Don juan offered a parley, sending the Drum Major out of the Town, with a sealed Letter to the Lord deputy, A Parley desired by Don juan and granted by the Lord deputy. by an Alfeeres, by which he required (as by the Copy thereof conveyed in the dispatch by Sir Richard Morison into England may appear) that some Gentleman of special trust and sufficiency, might be sent into the Town from his Lordship to confer with him, whom he would acquaint with such conditions as he then stood upon; which being granted by his Lordship, Sir William Godolphin was employed in that negotiation; which in what sort it was carried, because it importeth much, in respect of many particularities of special moment to be considered; it is thought necessary it should be here more largely delivered, his first conference with Sir William Godolphin tendeth to this: Don juan his propositions, That having found the Lord deputy (whom he termeth the Viceroy) although a sharp and powerful Opposito, yet an honourable Enemy, and the Irish not only weak and barbarous, but (as he feared) perfidious friends, he was so far in his affection reconciled to the one, and distasted with the other, as did invite him to make an overture of such a composition, as might be safe and profitable for the State of England, with less prejudice to the Crown of Spain, by delivering into the Viceroy's power the Town of Kinsale, with all other places in Ireland, held by the Spanish, so as they might depart upon honourable terms, fitting such men of war, as are not by necessity enforced to receive conditions, but willingly enduced for just respects, to disengage themselves, and to relinquish a people, by whom their King and Master had been so notoriously abused, if not betrayed: That if the Viceroy liked to entertain further parley touching this point, he would first be pleased to understand them rightly, and to make his propositions such, as might be suitable to men throughly resolved, rather to bury themselves alive, and to endure a thousand deaths, then that to give way to one Article of accord, that should taste of baseness or dishonour, being so confident of their present strength, and the Royal second of Spain, that they should make no doubt of yielding good account of themselves, and their interest in this kingdom: But that a just disdain, and spleen conceived against the nation, dissuaded them from being further engaged for it, then of force they must: Sir William Godolphin being commanded by the Lord deputy only to receive Don juans' propositions and demands, having made his Lordship and Council this relation, The Answer. was by them returned with the Answer following. That howbeit the Lord deputy having lately defeated their succours, did so well understand his own strength and their weakness, as made him nothing doubt of forcing them within a very short time, whom he did know to be pressed with 〈◊〉 difficulties, how much soever they laboured to cover and conceal the same: Yet knowing that her sacred Majesty, out of her gracious and merciful disposition, would esteem the glory of her victory to be blemished by a voluntary effusion, and an obstinate expense of Christian blood, was content to entertain this offer of agreement, so as it might be concluded under such honourable articles of her Highness, as the advantage she had against them gave reason to demand, being the same, which are sent with this dispatch Signed by Don juan, the leaving of his Treasure, Munition, Artillery, and the Queen's natural Subjects to her disposition only excepted: All which points he did peremptorily refuse, with constant asseveration, Don juan his reply. that both he and all his would rather endure the last of misery, then be found guilty of so fowl a treason, against the honour of his Prince, and the reputation of his profession, though he should find himself unable to subsist, much more now, when he might not only hope to sustain the burden of the war for a time, but with patience and constancy in the end to overcome it: That he took it so ill, to be understood in having Articles of that nature propounded unto him, as were they but once again remembered in the capitulation, the Viceroy should from henceforth use the advantage of his sword, and not the benefit of his former offers; adding that the Viceroy might rather think to have made a good and profitable purchase, for the crown of England, if with expense of two hundred thousand Ducats, he had procured Don juan to quit his interest and footing, but in Baltimore, to say nothing of Kinsale, Castlehaven, and Beere-haven; for (said he) suppose that all we (with the rest of our places here) had perished, yet would that Pen-Insula (being strong in its own nature) bettered by our art and industry, provided (as it is) of victuals, munition, and of good Artillery, preserve unto the King of Spain, a safe and commodious por● for the arrival of his fleet, and be able to maintain itself againt a land Army of ten thousand, until Spain (being so deeply engaged) did in honour relieve them, which would draw on a more powerful invasion than the first, being undertaken upon false grounds, as the instance of a base and barbarous people, who in discovering their weakness, and want of power, have armed the King my master to rely upon his own strength, being tied in honour to relieve his people that are engaged, and to cancel the memory of our former disaster: But this was spoken (said he) in case the Viceroy were able to force this Town, as I assure myself he cannot, having upon mine honour within these walls, at this instant above two thousand fight men, that are strong and able, besides those which having been sick and hurt, recover daily: The greatest part of these composed of old Soldiers, which fall not but by the sword, and those that were new, being now both trained to their Arms, and grown acquainted with the Climate, are more able to endure then at the first; our means are good as it hath been, anytime these two months; such as the Spaniards can well away withal, and thereof to suffice us for three months more; we lodge in good warm houses, have store of munition, and (which is best of all) stand well assured that our succours will be shortly here; to be plain, we preserve our men, and reserve our strength the best we may, hoping to front you in a breach, which if our hearts fail us not, we have hands and breasts enough to stop against treble your forces; though I will give the Viceroy this right, that his men are passing good, but spent and tired out with misery of a winter siege, which he hath obstinately mainetained beyond my expectation, but with such caution, and upon so good guard, as having nicely watched all advantages; I could never fasten a sally yet upon him, but with loss to myself, wherein I must acknowledge my hopes deceived, that grounding on some error in his approaches, promised myself the defeat of at least one thousand men at one blow; but when we meet on the breach, I am confident (upon reason) to lay five hundred of your best men on the earth, and rest hopeful that the loss of those will make a great hole in an Army, that hath already suffered so much extremity; but to conclude our business, the King my master sent me to assist the Condees Oneale and Odonnell, presuming on their promise that I should have joined with them, within few days of the arrival of his forces; I expected long in vain, sustained the Viceroy's Arms, saw them drawn to the greatest head they could possible make, lodged within two miles of Kinsale, reenforced with certain Companies of Spaniards, every hour promising to relieve us, and being joined together to force your Camps, saw them at last broken with a handful of men, blown asunder into divers parts of the world; Odonnell into Spain, Oneale to the furthest part of the North, so as now I find no such Condee● in rerum Natura (for those were the very words he used) as I came to join withal; and therefore have moved this accord the rather to disengage the King my master, from assisting a people so unable in themselves, that the whole burden of the war must lie upon him, and so perfidious, as perhaps might be enduced in requital of his favour, at last to betray him. Upon relation made by Sir William Godolphin to the Lord deputy and Council of these offers of Don juan, The reasons which moved the Lo. deputy and Council to yield to a Composition. which at several Conferences had been brought to such heads, as by the Articles between them is more particularly specified, it was thought good (for divers important reasons) to proceed roundly to the agreement: for whereas in the Propositions by him made, there was not any thing that admitted exceptions on our part, but only that he required to carry with him his Ordnance, Munition and Treasure, that being no way prejudicial to the main scope, or drift of our Treaty, which chiefly respected the common good, and safety of the Kingdom, deserved not almost to be thought upon. Besides that, the Treasure being at first but one hundred thousand Ducats, with four months payment of so many men, and other necessary deductions, could not be but very near wasted, and that little remainder more fit for a prey to the poor Soldiers, (after this tedious travel) then for a clause in the Composition. Furthermore, how needful it was to embrace this accord, may clearly be seen by whosoever considereth the state of our Army, almost utterly tired, how full of danger and difficulty it was to attempt a Breach, defended by so many hands; how long time it might have cost us (if we had lodged in the Breach) before we could have carried the Town, being full of strong Castles; how her Majesty's Ships, and others being in the Harbour, should have been forced speedily to forsake us for want of victuals; how ourselves were not provided for above six days at the time of this parley; that we had neither Munition, nor Artillery, but for one Battery, in one place at once, five of our Pieces being before crazed: And finally, that if we had miss of our purpose, the whole Country had been hazarded: Furthermore, that which seemed of greatest consequence to induce his Lordship to this agreement, was, that the Spaniards in Baltemore, Castlehaven, and Beerehaven, Build your enemy a silver bridge to waft him away, if he be potent, or not hopeless of supplies. by virtue of this Contract, were likewise to surrender those places, and depart the Country, which how hard a matter it would have proved, and how long and dangerous a war it would have drawn on, to root them out, they being strongly fortified, and well stored with victuals, Munition and Artillery, may easily be conjectured, for that of necessity the Army (for some space) must have rested, and in the end have been constrained after a new supply of necessaries, (to her Majesty's intolerable charges) to transport themselves thither by Sea, the way by land being unpassable, in which time their Succours out of Spain, in all likelihood would have been come unto them; the King being so far engaged in his Honour to second his enterprise, and we barred of that prosecution of the Rebels, which now by this Agreement we may wholly intend. For which considerations, the Lo: Deputy and Council thought it in their wisdoms meet, to condescend to more indifferent conditions, which being propounded and agreed upon by Don juan, these Articles ensuing were signed and sealed on both parts. The Articles of Composition between the Lord deputy and Council, and Don juan de Aquila. Mountjoy. In the Town of Kinsale in the Kingdom of Ireland, The articles of the Composition. the second day of the Month of january, 1601, between the Noble Lords the Lord Mountjoy, Lord deputy, and General in the Kingdom of Ireland, and Don juan de equild. Capta●ne and Campmaster General, and Governor of the Army of his Majesty the King of Spain, the said Lord deputy being encamped, and besieging the said town and the said Don juan within 〈…〉 respects, and to avoid shedding of blood, these Condition's following were made between the said Lords Generals, and their Camps, with the Articles that follow. FIrst, That the said Don juan de Aquila shall quit the places which he holds in this Kingdom, as well of the Town of Kinsale, as those which are held by the Soldiers under his command, in Castlehaven, Baltimore, and the Castle of Beere-haven, and other parts, to the said Lord deputy, or to whom he shall appoint, giving him safe transportation (and sufficient) for the said people, of ships and victuals, with the which the said Don juan with them may go for Spain, if he can at one time, if not in two shippings. Item, That the Soldiers at this present being under the command of Don juan in this Kingdom, shall not bear Arms against her Majesty the Queen of England, wheresoever supplies shall come from Spain, till the said Soldiers be unshipped in some of the Ports of Spain, being dispatched (as soon as may be) by the Lord Deputy, as he promiseth upon his Faith and Honour. Item, For the accomplishing whereof, the Lord deputy offereth to give free passport to the said Don juan and his Army, aswell Spaniards as other nations whatsoever, that are under his command, and that he may depart with all the things he hath, Arms, Munitions, Money, Ensigns displayed, Artillery, and other whatsoever provisions of war, and any kind of stuff, aswell that which is in Castlehaven, as Kinsale and other parts. Item, That they shall have ships and victuals, sufficient for their money, according and at the prices which here they use to give, that all the people and the said things, may be shipped (if it be possible) at one time, if not at two, and that to be within the time above named. Item, That if by contrary winds, or by any other occasions, there shall arrive at any Port of these kingdoms of Ireland, or England, any ships of these (in which the said men go) they be entreated as friends, and may ride safely in the Harbour, and be victualled for their money, and have moreover things which they shall need, to furnish them to their voyage. Item, During the time that they shall stay for shipping, victuals shall be given to Don juans' people, at just and reasonable rates. Item, That of both parts shall be cessation of Arms, and security that no wrong be offered any one. Item, That the ships (in which they shall go for Spain) may pass safely, by any other ships whatsoever, of her Majesties the Queen of England; and so shall they of the said Queen, and her Subjects by those that shall go from hence, and the said ships being arrived in Spain, shall return as soon as they have unshipped their men, without any impediment given them by his Majesty, or any other person in his name, but rather they shall show them favour, and help them (if they need any thing;) and for security of this, they shall give into the Lord Deputy hands, three Captains such as he shall choose. For the security of the performance of the Articles, Don juan offereth that he will confirm, and swear to accomplish this agreement: And likewise some of the Captains of his Charge shall swear and confirm the same in a several writing. Item, that he in person shall abide in this Kingdom, where the Lord deputy shall appoint, (till the last shipping) upon his Lordship's word: And if it happen that his people be shipped all at once, the said Don juan shall go in the same Fleet, without any impediment given him: But rather the Lord Deputy shall give a good ship, in which he may go; and if his said men be sent in two shippings, than he shall go in the last. And in like sort the said Lord deputy shall swear and confirm, and give his word in the behalf of her Majesty the Queen and his own, to keep and accomplish this agreement, and jointly the Lord Precedent, the Lo. Martial of the Camp, and the other of the Council of State, and the Earls of Thomond and Clanricard, shall swear and confirm the same in a several writing. I do promise and swear to accomplish and keep these Articles of Agreement, and promise the same likewise on the behalf of his Majesty Catholic, the King my Master. George Carew. Thomond. Clanricard. Richard Wingfield. Robert Gardiner. George Bourchier. Richard Levison. Don juan de Aguila. CHAP. XXIIII. The names of the Hostages delivered by Don juan. Don juan his demand of victuals for the transportation of his men. The victuals which was delivered to Don juan, and their rates. The number of Spaniards which were transported out of Ireland. The Lord deputy broke up his siege and returned to Cork. Captain Harvies' Commission for his government. THE day the Articles were Signed, Don juan dined with the Lord deputy, and the next day after, the Lord Precedent (having Sir Richard Levison and Sir William Godolphin in his company) was sent into the Town of Kinsale, where he dined with Don juan to treat with him, about such shipping and victuals as he would demand, for the transportation of his men, and at what rates, for the which ready money was to be paid: And also to demand of him, the three Captains which the Lord deputy had made choice of, which were Don Pedro Morijon, The names of the hostages delivered by Don juan. Captain Pedro Suaco, and Captain Diego Gonzales Sigler, to remain Pledges until the return of the ships: The demands he made of victuals, and tonnage for the victualling and transporting of three thousand and two hundred men (remaining in Kinsale, Castlehaven, Baltimore, and Donboy, whereof two thousand and six hundred in Kinsale, and six hundred at the places aforesaid) were as followeth. First his demands was six week's victuals, Don juan his demand of victuals for the transportation of his men. in form following. For every week four days flesh, three days fish. For every flesh day, bread four and twenty ounces for a man, and six of Beef. For every fish day, four and twenty ounces of Bread, six ounces of fish, and one ounce of Butter. For every hundred men, one Pipe of wine, besides water. For shipping for every three men, two Tuns, and he to give forty shillings le Tun, and his men to be landed at the first Port they can touch in Spain. For the expediting of these demands, the Lord deputy gave present direction to all the Ports within the Province, for the taking up of shipping, and warrant to Allen Apsley (the Commissary for the victuals in Monster) to issue out of the Queen's store, according to the demands made: These quantities of victuals ensuing, for the which he should receive money of Don juan, whereby the Magazine might be supplied. Towards the accomplishing whereof, The victuals which was delivered to Don juan, & their rates. the Commissary of the victuals delivered this ensuing proportion, viz. Biscuit 186052 li. 2067 4 8 Butter 6304 157 12 3 Flesh 47394 789 18 00 Fish 18339 305 13 00 Rice 1235 30 17 6 Summa tot. 3351 5 5 Which being with all possible conveniency dispatched, The number of the Spaniards which were transported out of Ireland haste was made for their Embarquing at two sundry times: There was shipped at Kinsale, (the care whereof was committed to Captain Francis Slingsbye) 2070: at Baltimore, and at Castlehaven by Captain Roger Harvie 415, in all 3025, besides Captains, inferior Officers, Priests, and religious men, and a great Company of Irish. The fourth of january a Spanish ship appeared by the old Head of Kinsale, hover before the Harbour mouth. The Lord deputy having concluded the Composition with Don john, for the rendering of the Town of Kinsale, sent a Boat with some men in her to let them know that Don john and he were good friends, and therefore he might safely come in without any danger, (in which Boat was one Thomas Foster, a Nephew to Sir Anthony Cook) which message as soon as it was delivered, the Captain of the ship took in all the men, hoist sail, and stood away with all speed for Spain. This might seem to be an action performed with no good approbation, in putting those men into their power; but whether it be justifiable or no, the success proved it to be of very great consequence: for though the news of the defeat of the Irish Army were come into Spain by O donnel, and those with him, yet Don john stood firm in Kinsale without danger to be much pressed by the Deputy, soliciting new forces, hoping thereby to repair their former losses, to reunite their dispersed Companies, and to overthrow the English forces, being much spent and sore weakened by their Winter siege: Before the arrival of O donnel Seconds were in preparing, and after his arrival both increased, and much hastened, as may appear by the Letters intercepted, which came out of Spain to Don john, when he was at Cork, both from the King of Spain, the Duke of Lerma, the Secretary Ibarra, and others: But when they understood by those men, that Don john had compounded for the rendering of Kinsale, and for their returning into Spain, it than put them to a stand for their proceedings, and at last concluded to give over the attempt, finding so little assistance either in the power or courage of the Irish: And if this had not fallen out thus, and that those seconds had come and landed in Ireland, it might have been much doubted, or rather positively believed the contrary, that those Spaniards would not have been bound by Don john's Articles, but have taken their best opportunity of their force and power, in kindling a new flame, and making that Kingdom again in as desperate an estate as ever heretofore it hath been, if not worse. These things being thus ordered, and no cause appearing of longer stay in the Camp, the ninth of january 9 januar. the Lord Deputy rose, and the same day he road to Cork, The Lo. Deputy broke up his siege and returned to Cork. having in his company Don juan de Aguila, and many of the Spanish Captains, the gross of his companies being left in Kinsale. The Lord deputy lodged in the Bishop of Corks house, Don juan in the City, and the Precedent at Shandon Castle. 10. januar. The day following the Captains received directions to repair to sundry Towns in Monster apppointed for their Garrisons: And the same day Captain Roger Harvie, and Captain George Flower were dispatched with certain Companies to go by Sea, to receive the Castles of Castle-haven, Donneshed, and Donnelong at Baltimore, and Dunboy at Beerehaven in the West, all which were then in the possession of the Spaniards. Also the said Captain Harvie had a Commission granted unto him, for the government of all the Countries between Rosse in Carbery, and the Bay of Bantrye, as followeth. A Commission from the Lord deputy and Council unto Captain Roger Harvy, for the government of Carbry. Mountioye. We greet you well: Whereas we have thought it very expedient for the furtherance of her Majesty's service, and the drawing and settling the Inhabitants of the Western parts▪ of the Province of Monster (which lately revolted) into her Majesty allegiance again, Captain Harvies' Commission for his government. which in regard that divers the Rebels which were united to Tyrone, and the Spaniards, upon the overthrow given them, made escape, and are drawn to Baltimore, Castlehaven, and those other Western parts: For the better prosecution, cutting off, and apprehension of those, and of all other Rebels, Traitors, Felons, and other capital Offenders, by all the best and speediest means that may be: We have thought it good, in regard of the great knowledge and experience, we have had and found in your faith and valour, and in respect of the special trust, confidence, and sufficiency, we repose in you, We have thought it good to grant and commit unto you, (during our pleasure) the command and authority (by the power granted us by her Majesty) over the Castles of Baltimore, and Castlehaven, and the whole Country of Carbery, and over all the Countries, territories or places of Collemore, Collibeg, Ivagh, Mounterbarry, Slewghteagibane, Slewghteage, Roe, Cloncahill, Clondermot, Clonloghten, and Coshmore, and over all the other Countries, territories, places by what name or names soever they be called, from the Town of Rosse, to the hither parts of the Meres, and bounds of Beer and Bantry, and so in compass Northwards, to Muskery: And we do give you power and authority over the Queen's people and her Subjects, and Inhabitants, in all, or any the said Countries, appointing and authorising you hereby, to prosecute with fire and sword, all Rebels, Traitors, or other capital Offenders, and all their Aiders, Releevers, Maintainers, Receivers, and Abettors, or any other Offenders whatsoever that are not ameanable to her Majesty's Laws, or have combined, or adhered themselves, to any her Majesty's enemies, or to any now in actual rebellion against her Highness, and to make ceasure of all their goods and chattles to her Majesty's use: And for the better effecting of this her Highness' service, and the special trust reposed in you, we do hereby give unto you liberty, to employ, or send among the Enemies, or Rebels (now in action) such Messengers and Espials, as you s●all think fit to use, and to write, to parley, confer, or treat with them, or any of them, and to receive Messengers or Letters from them, and to keep any of them in your company fourteen days, to procure the doing of service, or to gain intelligences from them; and upon assurance and good hopes, that any of the said Rebels will do service to her Majesty: We do hereby authorise you to safeconduct them by warrant under your hand, for the like space of fourteen days, so as in the mean time you send them unto us, or to the chief Governor of the Province (for the time being) which your safeconduct shall be duly observed, to all those you grant it unto. And for the better and speedier cleansing, and purging the Country from Rebels, and Malefactors; We do hereby give, and commit unto you, full power and authority to execute by marshal Law, all notable and apparent Offenders and Malefactors▪ that can neither dispend forty shillings in Lands per Annum, nor are worth ten pounds in goods, and as for such Rebels and Malefactors, as are not within compass of Martial Law, them to apprehend, and commit to the Shear Goal, there to remain and attend their trials by due course of her Majesty's common Laws: And for the better advancement of her Majesty's service, we do hereby authorize you, to go aboard any Ship, Bark, or other Vessel, that shall be, or arrive in those parts, and to make search in them for Traitors, jesuits, Seminaries, Letters, or prohibited wares, and to make stay of them, if just occasion so require, and to press, and take up any the Boats, or Vessels, that are or shall be within the compass of your command, and them to send and employ, to such place or places, as her Majesty's service shall give you occasion, or otherwise to use and dispose of them, as you in your discretion shall think meetest. And this our authority and Commission to you granted, to have continuance during the pleasure of us the Lord Deputy; and if we shall not recull the same during our abode in this Province, than the same to be in force during the pleasure of the Lord Precedent, and no longer. And therefore we do hereby straightly charge and command all her Majesty's Officers. Ministers, and loving Subjects, to be unto you (in the due execution of the premises) aiding, obedient, and assisting at their uttermost perils; and for such your whole doings herein: These shall be unto you sufficient warrant and discharge: Given under her Majesty's privy Signet, at the Camp before Kinsale, the seventh day of january, 1601. George Carew. Richard Wingfield. George Bourchier. To our well beloved Captain, Roger Harvy. The eleaventh, january 11. the Lord Precedent had intelligence from England, that james (the late restored Earl of Desmond) was dead, and that eighteen hundred quarters of Oats were sent into Monster for the relief of our horses. CHAP. XXV. Don juan his request to the Lord deputy. A resolution in Council to erect certain Forts in Monster. The request of the Inhabitants of Kinsale to the Lord Precedent. Certain Companies cashiered. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to her Majesty. The Examination of Richard Owen. Richard Owen his Message from Tyrone to the Lord deputy. Instructions for Captain George Blunt. THE fourteenth, 14. januar. Don juan wrote to the Lord deputy, Don juan his request to the Lord deputy. to pray his Lordship, that expedition might be made in taking up of shipping for his transportation, and that his Lordship would commiserate the poor Spanish Prisoners in Cork, who were like to perish for want of food: During the siege there had been taken at Rincorran, Castle Nigh Park, in sallies, and in the overthrow of Tyrone, together with some runaways that voluntary came unto us, about two hundred, rather more than less, whereof some of them had been sent into ENGLAND. About this time the Lord deputy, and the Lord Precedent went by Boat to an Island in the River of Cork, called Halbolin, A resolution in Council to erect certain forts in Monster. six or seven miles from the City, which upon view they thought fit to be fortified, being so seated, as that no shipping of any burden can pass the same, but under the command thereof: Whereupon direction was given to Paul I've (an Ingeneere) to raise a Fortification there, and also another at Castle Nigh Park, to command the Haven at Kinsale. Furthermore it was resolved in Council, that Forts should have been erected at Baltimore, and Beere-haven, as also Citadels at Cork, Limrick, and Waterford, to keep the Citizens in some awe; but none of these works were performed, save only the Forts at Halbolyn, and Castle Nigh Park aforesaid. From the fourteenth of january unto the last of the same, Certain Companies cashiered. no matter of any consequence happened, all which time was spent in civil causes, in sending of dispatches into England (as occasions did result) in discharging of Companies which were grown weak, whereof two thousand in List were cashiered, in hastening away of the Spaniards, and in settling of Garrisons in the East part of Monster, among other private dispatches, which the Lord Precedent sent into England; he wrote this Letter unto her Majesty. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to her Majesty▪ SACRED MAJESTY, NOw that it hath pleased the omnipotent Director of all things to bless you with a happy Victory over the malicious Traitors, and for rain enemies, which endeavoured with all their forces to draw from your Imperial Crown, this Realm of Ireland, in the which by your Majesty's express Commandment, I have been (though far unworthy) employed in a Charge, wherein ●y weakness doth too much appear; yet since out of your Princely favour, your Majesty hath been pleased to accept of those poor services, which by your Forces, I have formerly performed, and with your royal hand (to my unspeakable comfort) unto myself have witnessed the same, I am emboldened (under the assurance of your gracious Pardon) to present before your gracious eyes, these unworthy Lines, unworthy of your view, as well in regard of him that writes them, as the form wherein they are written. Since the victory aforesaid, the face of this Kingdom is strangely altered; The Rebel (formerly proud) is now become a dismayed fugitive, the neutral Subject which stood at a gaze, better confirmed, and the Spaniard, (which promised unto himself no less than a Conquest) is glad to entreat Composition to depart: This wonderful work of God, (for unto him it is wholly to be ascribed) hath brought this Realm, (so far out of order) in a fairer way of reduction then ever I knew it. When your Majesty employed me in this Service, I then feared it was (as now I understand it to be) a secret punishment from God for my sins, for unto myself I had propounded that happiness (which others have) never to be far distant from the comfort of your royal eyes, which adds fullness of joy with admiration to the beholders. Wherefore gracious Sovereign, commiserate my exile, and let me your poor Servant, (rich in faith and loyalty unto you) be partaker of others happiness, that the remainder of my life therein may be blessed: But if I be not capable of such abundant grace in so great measure, (which my Soul desires) yet let my humble suit thus far prevail, that in your Princely favour you will be pleased to give me leave for a few months to behold that Majesty which is envied, but not equalled by any earthly Prince. From your Majesty's City of Cork the nineteenth of january, 1601. Your Sacred Majesty's vassal and creature, GEORGE CAREW. The fourth of February, 4. February. one Richard Owen an ancient and inward Servant of Tyrones', came unto Cork, with a message from his Master unto the Lord Deputy; but before I speak of his Negotiation, I think it convenient to fall back to the sixth of january, at which time he made means to have access unto the Precedent; for (you must understand) he had been with Don john in Kinsale: The Precedent acquainting the Lord Deputy with it, he was called before them both; and was examined by them, whereunto he made answer as followeth. He saith he went out of Ireland with Sir William Stanley, The examination of Richard Owen. and was employed by him in the rendering of Deventer to Taxis. He left Sir William upon a discontentment (about four years after being then a Lieutenant) because Sir William did advance the English, and not the Irish to charges, and then put himself into the Kings pay as a Pensioner, and there remained in the Low-countries, and France, until about three years since; he came over into Ireland by the way of Scotland, and landed at Dunluce, with purpose to serve Oneale, whose kinsman he is by his mother, and remained with Tyrone, until by him, he was employed to carry his Son into Spain. He had Letters from Tyrone and Odonnell, to the King, and from Tyrone unto Don juan Idiaques, the Duke of Lerma, to Fray Gaspar de Cordova, the King's Confessor, the Secretary Prado, and to the Secretary Estevan de y barra. The contents of the Letters, were to pray Aides to subsist the war, according to the promise made by the old King; if the aides were sent for Ulster, than Tyrone required but four or five thousand men, if the King did purpose to send an Army into Monster, than he should send strongly; because neither Tyron● nor Odonnell could come to help them. He saith, that Fray Matheo de Oviedo (the Archbishop of Dublin) out of an ancient knowledge which he had in this kingdom, having been before in this Realm, in james fits Maurice his rebellion, did solicit the sending of forces hither, and came into the North, purposely to see, and understand the state of the Country. He also saith, that Tyrone sent his Son into Spain, to be there brought up, not being demanded of the King as a Pledge. He saith, that all the King's Council were very forward to thrust on the invasion, and for his own particular, he advised that the Spanish forces should land at Carling●ord, and if that Council did not like them, than he persuaded that the forces should land at Galway, or Sligo. He saith, that Oneales' Son hath two hundred ducats pension of the King, per mensem. He saith, that when the Army came for Ireland, out of a desire to establish religion, and to procure to the Irish Lords some greater government in the Realm, he came voluntary hither, without pay, but protests that he never wished that the Crown of Ireland should be taken from the Queen: He saith, he never heard of any of Ireland, that by Letters did solicit this invasion, but james Mac Sorley, who (as he heard) writ to the King; that Florence did write unto the King he knows not, but Tyrone did write unto this Examinat that Florence would be in Arms with him against her Majesty. He saith, that he thinketh, that if the Spaniards had prevailed in this Enterprise, that their meaning was not to possess themselves of Ireland, but from hence to have invaded England, and to have entertained the Irish Nation in that enterprise. Being demanded, if the English had been beaten out of Ireland, what government should have been here established, and who should have governed; he answered that therein he is wholly ignorant, but when Tyrone did write for aid, he saith (that he thinketh) that when the English were banished and expelled, that then he would submit himself to be dealt withal as pleased the King. He saith, that in March next, he thinketh that supplies should have been sent to Don juan, but now he is of opinion, that never any more will be sent into Ireland. He saith, that the reason, that now he desired the Precedent to bring him to the Lord deputy, was because he was altogether weary to serve with the Irish, and also commanded so to do by Tyrone after his overthrow. He was commanded by Tyrone (the next morning after the overthrow) to repair to the Lord deputy, and to tell his Lordship, that he was willing and desirous to become a Subject, if he may be received, and justly dealt withal; and to redeem his errors past, he professed to do all possible service to her Majesty, but that he would not leave his Son hostage for him. He saith, that he thinketh upon his conscience, that Odonnell went into Spain without any advice of Tyrones', and that Redmond Burke and Captain Mostian went likewise without his consent. Which done, being sorry, as he protested, of his traytorly life, he humbly craved her Majesty's gracious protection, promising to merit the same with future loyal service; which being granted, he departed. Upon the fourth of this month 4. Febr. (as aforesaid) having been in the mean time with Tyrone, he made his second addreffe to the Precedent, the Lord deputy then being in Cork, and being called before the Lord deputy and the Precedent, Rich. Owen his message from Tyrone to the Lord deputy. he dlivered unto them a Message from Tyrone, the effect whereof was, that he would be glad to be received into her Majesty's mercy, being heartily sorry that he had given her so just a cause of offence, and likewise grieved in his soul, that he had been the cause of the effusion of so much blood, the exhausting of her Majesty's Treasures, and the ruin of his native Country; Nevertheless this pretended grief and humility was farced with some exorbitant conditions, unmeet for him to demand from his Sovereign, (whom he had highly offended) or for a Monarch to grant to a vassal: Notwithstanding it was thought good to take hold of the occasion; for although it should not work the end desired, (which was to settle the Kingdom in tranquillity) yet a motion only of submission, proceeding from the capital Rebel, would work in the minds of the inferior Traitors, a mistrust of their estates, and seek by his Example, to sue for grace while there was time, wherein they might hope to obtain it: Upon these considerations the Lord deputy was willing (after he had showed his dislike to the Conditions) to embrace the motion; And because that he might be assured to have a true report returned, Captain George Blunt (who had been a familiar and inward friend unto Tyrone, when he was a Subject) was employed in this business; and for his manner of treating with him, he had these Instructions following, subscribed by the Lord deputy, and the Lord Precedent. When you speak with Tyrone, Instructions for Captain Geo: Blunt. you shall tell him, that you understand that Richard Owen came from him to the Lord deputy, with Commission from him to tell his Lordship, that he desired to be received into the Queen's mercy, if his life might be secured. Whereupon you finding in him such conformity (out of your ancient love, which in former time you bore him) were glad of the alteration, and therefore as his friend did now undertake this long journey, to persuade him to those courses which might best answer his duty to his Prince, and repair his estate, which in your opinion is desperate. If you find him desirous to be received to mercy, you shall give him hope of it, and promise him furtherance for the effecting of it, upon these conditions: That he shall in token of his penitency, and according to the duty of a Subject to his Natural Prince, first under his hand write a letter of submission to the Lord deputy, humbly craving in the same her Majesty's mercy, with promise to redeem his errors passed by his future service; That likewise he shall write a public Submission to her Majesty, imploring at her hands forgiveness of his faults, and likewise promise amendment of his life, with a willing desire to do her some acceptable service, in recompense of his transgression, in the same protesting to serve her Majesty against all men, either of Ireland, or Foreigners that shall endeavour the disturbance of this Country. That he shall put into her Majesty's hands his eldest Son, for the assurance of his future loyalty, and four principal Gentlemen of his blood, as he formerly promised. That he shall at his charge find workmen to build such Forts in the Country of Tyrone, and in such places as the Lord Deputy shall think fit. That he shall permit throughout Tyrone, her Majesty's Officers of justice, as the Sheriffs and others, to have free liberty to execute their Offices, as is accustomed in other Provinces and Counties of the Realm, and answer all other duties formerly promised. That he shall only undertake for himself, and his Pledges to lie for no more, than those that dwell upon that land only that is contained in his Letters Patents, not any way undertaking for the rest of Tyrone, as Tirlogh Brassiloes' sons, Mac Maghon, O Can●, Mac Guire, Mac Genis, the two Clandeboyes, and all of the East side of Ban. That if any of his neighbours shall continue in rebellion, none of their people shall be harboured in Tyrone, and likewise that none of Tyrone shall (by his consent or knowledge) secure any Rebel, or give assistance to them; and if any such offendor shall happen to be discovered, either by himself, or any other her Majesty's Officers, upon knowledge thereof, that he shall do his best endeavour to prosecute the parties offending, and either take them, whereby they may be tried by the Laws of the Realm, or kill them, if they may not otherwise be had, and shall assist her Majesty's Officers, in taking to her use the goods and chattels of the Offenders, and their retinues: That he shall not only truly pay all her Majesty's Rents and Duties from this time forward, due unto her out of Tyrone, but also pay the Arrearages, that for many years have been by him detained. That in respect of the great charges that he hath put her Majesty unto, (although it be not the thousand part of her disbursements) In nomine paenae (which in all such great offences is accustomed) towards the victualling of her Majesty's Garrisons, he shall pay two thousand Cows within six months: That the Country of Tyrone may be limited, and no more, by him to be possessed, then is contained in his Letters Patents: That the territory of Tyrone might be divided into shires, and have Goals as he hath formerly desired: That he put at liberty the Sons of Shane Oneale; and all other prisoners, English and Irish: These things you shall only propound as from yourself, yet as conceiving that they will be demanded at his hands, if he be received, and to draw as large an overture from him, of what he will agree unto, as you can persuade him, telling him, that the greater assurance he doth give the estate of his loyalty, the greater will be his safety, for we shall construe his good meaning, by his free offer thereof, and after we shall have the less reason to be jealous of him. Mountioye. George Carew. CHAP. XXVI. The King of Spain's Letters intercepted. A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to Don juan de Aguila. A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to the Archbishop of Dublin. A Letter from the Secretary Ybarra to Don juan de Aguila. A Letter from the Secretary Fragursa to Don juan de Aguila. A Letter from the King of Spai●e to Don juan de Aguila. ABout the tenth of February, 10. Febr. Doughty juan de Aguila residing in Cork, The King of Spain's Letters intercepted. whilst his Troops were preparing to be embarked for Spain; In this interim, a Spanish Pinnace landed in the Westermost part of the Province, and in her, there was a Messenger sent from the King to Don juan de Aguila with a packet of Letters: The Precedent having knowledge thereof, told the Lord deputy, that if he had a desire to know the King of Spain's intentions, there was a good occasion offered, the Lord Deputies heart itching to have the Letters in his hands, prayed the Precedent to intercept them if he could handsomely do it; the Precedent to undertook it, and having notice that the next morning the Messenger would come from Kinsale to Cork, and knowing that there was but two ways by the which he might pass, called Captain William Nuce unto him (who commanded his foot Company) to make choice of such men as he could trust to lie upon those passages, and when they saw such a Spaniard (whom he had described unto him) to seize upon him, and as thiefs to rob him both of his Letters, horses and money, not to hurt his person, but to leave him and his Guide bound, that he might make no swift pursuit after them, and when they had delivered him the Letters to run away: Captain Nuce so well followed his instructions, as the Spaniard was taken in a little Wood, and the Letters brought at dinner time; Don juan (if I do not mistake) that very day dining with him, who instantly carried them to the Lord deputy, where at good leisure the packets were opened and read, which done the Precedent went to his house, leaving the Letters with the Lord Deputy: the same evening, the Spanish Messenger having been unbound by passengers, came to Don juan de Aguila relating his misfortunne, in being rob not five miles from the Town: Don juan de Aguila went immediately to the Lord deputy, grievously complaining that the Messenger was robbed by Soldiers (as he alleged:) The Lord deputy seemed no less sorry, but (said he) it is a common thing in all Armies to have debauched Soldiers, but he thought it to be rather done by some of the Country thiefs; but if the fact was committed by Soldiers, it was most like to be done by some Irish men, who thought it to be a good purchase (as well as the money) to get the Letters, to show them unto their friends in rebellion, that they might the better understand in what estate they were in: Don juan not being satisfied with this answer, desired the Lord Deputy to inquire of the Lord Precedent, (for of his intercepting of them he had a vehement suspicion) whether he had any knowledge of the matter, and so they departed. The next morning the Lord Deputy related to the Precedent the complaint, and his answers: Don juan eager in the pursuit of his Letters, came to know of the Lord Deputy what the Precedent answered: The Lord deputy answered him upon his faith, that he was sure that the Precedent had them not; which he might well do, for they were in his own possession: In conclusion, a Proclamation was made, and a reward (in the same promised) for him that could discover the thieves, and a pardon for their lives granted that committed the fact, if they would come in and confess it; with this Don juan rested satisfied: How much the intercepting of these Letters did import her Majesty's Service, (not one Spaniard being then embarked, but remaining in a Body at Kinsale) may appear by these ensuing Letters (Englished) taken at that time. unto, (although it be not the thousand part of her disbursements) In nomine paenae (which in all such great offences is accustomed) towards the victualling of her Majesty's Garrisons, he shall pay two thousand Cows within six months: That the Country of Tyrone may be limited, and no more by him to be possessed, then is contained in his Letters Patents: That the territory of Tyrone might be divided into shires, and have Goals as he hath formerly desired: That he put at liberty the Sons of Shane Oneale; and all other prisoners, English and Irish: These things you shall only propound as from yourself, yet as conceiving that they will be demanded at his hands, if he be received, and to draw as large an overture from him, of what he will agree unto, as you can persuade him, telling him, that the greater assurance he doth give the estate of his loyalty, the greater will be his safety, for we shall construe his good meaning, by his free offer thereof, and after we shall have the less reason to be jealous of him. Mountioye. George Carew. CHAP. XXVI. The King of Spain's Letters intercepted. A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to Don juan de Aguila. A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to the Archbishop of Dublin. A Letter from the Secretary. Ybarra to Don juan de Aguila. A Letter from the Secretary Fragursa to Don juan de Aguila. A Letter from the King of Spai●e to Don juan de Aguila. ABout the tenth of February, 10. Febr. The King of Spain's Letters intercepted. Do● juan de Aguila residing in Cork, whilst his Troops were preparing to be embarked for Spain; In this interim, a Spanish Pinnace landed in the Westermost part of the Province, and in her, there was a Messenger sent from the King to Don juan de Aguila with a packet of Letters: The Precedent having knowledge thereof, told the Lord deputy, that if he had a desire to know the King of Spain's intentions, there was a good occasion offered, the Lord Deputies heart itching to have the Letters in his hands, prayed the Precedent to intercept them if he could handsomely do it; the Precedent undertook it, and having notice that the next morning the Messenger would come from Kinsale to Cork, and knowing that there was but two ways by the which he might pass, called Captain William Nuce unto him (who commanded his foot Company) to make choice of such men as he could trust to lie upon those passages, and when they saw such a Spaniard (whom he had described unto him) to seize upon him, and as thiefs to rob him both of his Letters, horses and money, not to hurt his person, but to leave him and his Guide bound, that he might make no swift pursuit after them, and when they had delivered him the Letters to run away: Captain Nuce so well followed his instructions, as the Spaniard was taken in a little Wood, and the Letters brought at dinner time; Don juan (if I do not mistake) that very day dining with him, who instantly carried them to the Lord deputy, where at good leisure the packets were opened and read, which done the Precedent went to his house, leaving the Letters with the Lord Deputy: the same evening, the Spanish Messenger having been unbound by passengers, came to Don juan de Aguila relating his misfortune, in being rob not five miles from the Town: Don juan de Aguila went immediately to the Lord deputy, grievously complaining that the Messenger was robbed by Soldiers (as he alleged:) The Lord deputy seemed no less sorry, but (said he) it is a common thing in all Armies to have debauched Soldiers, but he thought it to be rather done by some of the Country thiefs; but if the fact was committed by Soldiers, it was most like to be done by some Irish men, who thought it to be a good purchase (as well as the money) to get the Letters, to show them unto their friends in rebellion, that they might the better understand in what estate they were in: Don juan not being satisfied with this answer, desired the Lord Deputy to inquire of the Lord Precedent, (for of his intercepting of them he had a vehement suspicion) whether he had any knowledge of the matter, and so they departed. The next morning the Lord Deputy related to the Precedent the complaint, and his answers: Don juan eager in the pursuit of his Letters, came to know of the Lord Deputy what the Precedent answered: The Lord deputy answered him upon his faith, that he was sure that the Precedent had them not; which he might well do, for they were in his own possession: In conclusion, a Proclamation was made, and a reward (in the same promised) for him that could discover the thieves, and a pardon for their lives granted that committed the fact, if they would come in and confess it; with this Don juan rested satisfied: How much the intercepting of these Letters did import her Majesty's Service, (not one Spaniard being then embarked, but remaining in a Body at Kinsale) may appear by these ensuing Letters (Englished) taken at that time. A Letter from the Duke of Lerma, to Don juan de Aguila. NOt many days passed I wrote unto you, and now I make answer to those which I received from you the thirteenth of the last October▪ assuring you, that his Majesty puts great confidence in your care and valour: As touching the men, and other things which you demand, there is dispatched a good quantity, and more is in preparing, and make you no doubt, but still more shall be in sending, as much as may be: for his Majesty hath it before his eyes, and I have taken in hand the soliciting thereof; Wherefore you may be assured, that you shall not want any thing which may be sent that is needful: There is now in readiness, 150 Lances, which shall be presently embarked, and more men are in levying with expedition, with whom Money shall be sent: And so referring myself (for the rest) to his Majesty's Dispatch, I will say no more, but to assure you, that in all things which may concern you, esteem me ever to be your Solicitor. God keep you. Valladolid▪ the fourth of December. 1601. Stilo novo. El Duque de Lerma, Marques de Denia. To Don juan de Aguila, Master of the Camp, General of the men of War in Ireland. A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to the Archbishop of Dublin. I Have received your Lordship's Letters, giving thanks to God for the success of your journey, for by it it appears, that there is a way and door open for many good purposes for his service, and his Majesty hath much confidence of the care & zeal▪ which your Lordship hath for the progression in the same. Now we send you a good Body of men, with such things as is necessary, and more shall be prepared, and so continue sending as much as we may, whereof you need not doubt: for his Majesty (whom God preserve) holds it before his eyes, forasmuch as the most important thing (appertaining to this business) is the joining of the Earls with Don juan de Aguila: his Majesty commandeth your Lordship to do in it your uttermost endeavour▪ according to the confidence he hath in your zeal. God preserve your Lordship. From Valladolid the fifth of December. 1601. Stilo novo. El Duque de Lerma Marques de Denia. Let not your Lordship be wearied with your travels, I hope in God they will be full of good successes. Al Ar●obispo de Dublin. A Letter from the Secretary Ybarra to Don juan de Aguila. BY Captain Albornoz I wrote unto your Lordship, and I wish that this dispatch may overtake him (at the Groin) according to the desire I hold, that it, and that which goes with it, were with your Lordship, certifying you that as much is done (as may be) for your supply in all things: I wrote unto your Lordship, that there were two Companies of Horse ready to be sent unto you, but now I say there is three, and in them two hundred and twenty Soldiers well armed, and horsed; and it please God they shall be all embarked in this Month, God in his divine mercy guide them: There is men levied in all Castille and Portugal, and shipping embarg●d to transport them, victuals, and other necessaries in providing; and now at this instant there is embarked in Lisbon, in the Groin, and Saint Ander a more than six thousand Hanegas of Wheat, and three hundred pipes of Wine, and some Beans and Rice, and six hundred Arrobas of Oil; and moreover, besides this which I say is embarked, there are Commissaries taking of more up, and no care shall be wanting to ●asten them away: I have spoken with Captain Moreles, and of that which he hath told me of the seat of the place, and of the small number of men your Lordship hath, I feel myself grieved; but when I call to mind, what a person Don juan de Aguila is, the way is open unto me, to expect great matters, and I hope God will grant the same according to the worth of your Lordship, against your wicked enemies: Let your Lordship hasten the joining of the Earls with you, for of all things that is most important, which being done, before the Queen can reinforce her Army all is accomplished; I am desirous to hear that the excellent good Horsemen were with your Lordship, that with them your Lordship may win honour in the field, etc. From Valladolid this seventh of December, 1601. Stilo novo. Estevan de Ybarra. To Don juan de Aguila, General Master of the Campe. A Letter from the Secretary Franquesa, to Don juan de Aguila. HIs Majesty is much satisfied of the good government (in those occasions) of your Army; and I hope in God, that with the succours, which now shall be sent unto you, it will be bettered, in such sort, that you will not only be able to defend yourself from the Enemies, but also to chastise them, the means to effect the same, is for you to hold yourself as you are, until the succours aforesaid do ●ome; in the mean time, the more you are pressed upon, the more will be your reward and recompense, which his Majesty will confer upon you, the which I will thrust on, as occasion shall offer itself, and be always vigilant in these things which shall concern your Lordship as I have been: God preserve your Lordship according to my desire: From Man●illa the thirteenth of january, Stilo novo. 1602. To Don juan de Aguila, Master of the Camp, General of his Majesty's Army in Ireland. A Letter from the Duke of Lerma to Don juan de Aguila. BY that which Zubiare and Pedro Lopez de Soto hath written, and by the coming of the Earl Odonnell, who is now in the Groin, we have understood of the overthrow of the Earls, and from thence is gathered, that all the forces are now bend against you, and that your only valour and wisdom hath been able to resist them; and let the great estimation his Majesty holdeth of you, mitigate the care which this business may bring you; his Majesty hath commanded me speedily to prepare gallant succours, both by Land and Sea, which is done, and shall be presently dispatched, and this ship is only sent to advertise you thereof, to the end that you may with the more courage defend yourself, and to bring a true report in what state you stand, which may more particularly appear unto you by his Majesty's Letter, which with this you shall receive, whereunto he hath commanded me to add this, that he hath in his favour made you one of his Councillors of his council at wars, which I congratulate with you; assuring you on his part, that God willing he will confer greater favours upon you, wherefore proceed cheerfully, as both now and heretofore (in the course of your life) you have done, taking every occasion to strengthen yourself in this siege, and to endamage the Enemy that he may not hinder you, and to assure the Army, no man living hath received greater rewards from his Majesty than you shall; I take upon myself the care of it, and I pray you to write me such good news as I desire, whereof I hope in God: In Man●illa the thirtieth of january, 1602. Stilo novo. El Duque de Lerma Marques de Denia. God is my witness, Postscript. I neither eat nor sleep with less care than any one of them that are with you, and I would willingly be in the peril of every one of you, and if the shedding of my blood might be advantageous, I would readily give it for you all that have such need: Do your endeavours, for presently succours shall be sent unto you. To Don juan de Aguila, Master of the Camp, General of the men of war in Ireland▪ A Letter from the King of Spain to Don juan de Aguila. EL REY. Done juan de Aguila Master of the Camp, General of my Army in Ireland; by that which Pedro de Zubiare, and Pedro Lopez de Soto have written unto me, I have understood of the defeat of the Earls, Oneale and Odonnell, and likewise I now see that all your hopes remains in your valour and wisdom; wherein I have such confidence, that I hope in the midst of so many dangers and labours (wherewith you are environed) that you will preserve the Army, until more succours of shipping, men, arms, and munitions be sent unto you, which are with all possible expedition in preparing, and shall be speedily dispatched: You may make use of them, and take revenge of the Enemy, and until they come, which shall be (as I have said) with celerity, preserve yourself: I do not advise you of any particulars, because I assure myself of your judgement and experience, that knows how to make your advantage of such occasions, as the Enemy shall give for the benefit of the siege: And yourself and the Army (which is with you) shall have good testimony of my bounty, thankfulness, and honour I will do unto you all: and so much do you signify unto the Army from me. The Duke of Lerma shall write more unto you from Man●illa, the one and thirty of january, 1602. Stilo novo. Yo El Rey. To Don juan de Aguila, Master of the Camp, General of our Army in Ireland. Don Pedro Franquesa. Not long after most of the Spaniards were embarked in Kinsale, only a few remaining which were to pass with Don john; the day before his departure, the Lord deputy showed him the copy of the Letters, saying that they were sent unto him out of Vlsterby a Priest, who was his spy about Tyrone, unto whom the Letters had been carried; Don juan (taking this for good payment) thanked the Lord Deputy for his favourable care: All the while Don juan was at Cork, every day the Precedent and he had familiar discourse together, but for the most part their passages in speech was between jest and earnest, somewhat sharp, and especially when they spoke of religion, their Sovereigns, or the Nations: But it seems that he carried a good respect of the Precedent, as by writing and presents sent, which shall in its due place appear. The fifteenth, 15. Feb. the Lord deputy and the Precedent, having acquainted the rest of the Council, with the effect of the Spanish Letters, (intercepted as aforesaid) though not with the manner how they were gotten, they thought it meet to write unto the Lords of the Council in England this ensuing Letter, whereby they might understand how things stood for the present, as also to provide for the future, since by the intercepted Letters it appeared, that the King of Spain had set his heart upon the war of Ireland. A Letter from the Lord deputy and Council, to the Lords in England. MAy it please your Lordships: The fourteenth of this Month we dispatched Sir Richard Morison with our Letters to your Lordships from this place, and the nine and twentieth we wrote again by Captain Butler, yet to this day the wind hath continued still so westerly, as since the departure of Sir Richard, no shipping is come to us, either out of England from your Lordships (as we desired) or from Waterford, Wexford, and those parts (as we directed) to carry away the Spaniards hence; nor yet until Sunday the seventh hereof, could those ships stir, that lay ready at Kinsale, to be sent to Baltimore, Castle-haven, and Beere-haven; but now they are gone, We hope that the Service to be done by them, (which is the possessing of the Castles, and sending away of the Spaniards in them) will be presently accomplished, although the wind hath served them so scantly, as we fear they will hardly recover all the places whereunto they are directed: There is only one Scottish ship gone from Kinsale for Spain, which carried one hundred and sixty Spaniards, with part of the Artillery, but there lies now ready at the Harbour for the first wind, so much shipping as will carry away fifteen hundred more: so as there will be yet remaining in Kinsale above one thousand more, which with the first shipping that comes from the other Ports, shall be 〈◊〉. Don juan stays to go last: It appeareth by some Letters intercepted, which we send her e●ithall unto your Lordships, that the King of Spain purposeth in send a larger supply hither with all expedition: Don juan assures 〈◊〉 to do the best ●ee can to stay them, and if he arrive first in Spain●, hec makes no doubt to dissuade their coming; but if they should come before his 〈◊〉, he promiseth to return them according to his Covenant in the 〈…〉, if they do not come under the command of some other, that hath a 〈…〉 from his, from the King: The Irish have of late received Letters from Odonnell, to encourage the Rebels to persevere in their 〈…〉 the● of present aid from Spain, in the mean time, the 〈◊〉 of their● all do but temporize, being ready to assist them when they come, especially if they come in any strength, as it is to be thought in all reason they will, having found their first error: Her Majesty must therefore be pleased to ●ee at some charge to erect Fortifications at Beere-haven, Kinsale, and this place, the Commodities and weakness of these places being as well known to the Spaniards, as to us, and further withal to erect Citadels at Limerick, Cork, and Waterford, though it be only to assure the Towns from revolt. It appeareth by the King of Spain's Letter, (and so by the Duke of Lermaes, that his heart is very much set upon the enterprise of Ireland, and therefore it is not unlike but that he may send more supplies, after or before Don juans' arrival in Spain, either under him, or some other Commander; which if he do, it is also likely the same will be sent shortly: For prevention thereof (if in your Lordship's wisdom it shall be thought meet) we do humbly beseech, that the four thousand supplies heretofore desired, and by your Lordships intended, may be presently sent hither, whereof two thousand to be erected in Companies, and their Captains to be named here, and the other two thousand for the supplies of the Army, which is exceeding weak; for our men die daily in greater numbers than they died in the Camp, the infection being greater, and by some thought, a kind of plague, (for the people in the Towns die in far greater numbers than the Soldiers) though we hope the contrary: And we do further desire, that her Majesty will be pleased to hasten her Fleet to the coast of Spain, which coming timely, will in our opinions hinder any enterprise for Ireland; But lest that should fail, we renew our former motion, that the Tremontania and the Moon may be returned to serve upon the coast of Monster, that the proportions of Munition and Victuals desired in our former Letters, may speedily be dispatched hither, and that victuals without impediment may come for all places to relieve us: for already a very great dearth is begun, and a famine must ensue, the rates of all things being incredible, and the new Money much repined at, which notwithstanding we do our uttermost endeavours to advance it. But in a matter of so great importance, we humbly desire your Lordships to give us leave to deliver our opinions freely, having so assured ground for it, that if the King of Spain continue his War in this Country, it will be hard to preserve her Majesty's Army and kingdom, without the altering of the currant money, so general is the dislike thereof, and so insolently do they begin already to refuse it; but if there come no other foreign aid, her Majesty (as we think) may securely continue it as it is: For all we that are of the Army, whom it most concerneth, (in regard we live wholly upon our entertainment) will (God willing) endure it for the advancement of the service, though we are sensible of our loss, by the excessive enhansing of the prizes of all things that we are to live upon, which cannot be holpen so long as this new Coin continues currant. Of Tyrone, since his overthrow and departure, we hitherto have heard little, neither do we think he will be able to do any great harm, without the aid of new supplies from Spain. And so we humbly take leave, etc. From Cork. 15. February. 1601. Among many Letters and papers which were found in the Castle of Dunboy (of the winning whereof you shall after hear;) Odonnels landing and reception in Spain. there was one written bearing date the fourth of February, 1602. Stilo novo, by Patrick Sinnet an Irish Priest, remaining in the Groin with the Earl of Caraçena to Dominick Collins a jesuit, who was taken at Dunboy and executed; sundry other things he related of Odonnels landing in the Asturias, who with the General Pedro de Zubiare embarked at Castle-haven the january, the next day after he came to the Groin, where he was nobly received by the Earl of Caraçena, who invited Odonnell to lodge in his house; but he being Sea sick, in good manner refused his courtesy; wherefore the Earl lodged him in a very fair house, not far from his; but when his sea-sickness was past, he lodged in the Earl's house; and upon the twenty seventh of january, Odonnell departed from the Groin, accompanied by the Earl and many Captains, and Gentlemen of quality, who evermore gave Odonnell the right hand, which within his government he would not have done to the greatest Duke in Spain; and at his departure, he presented Odonnell with one thousand ducats, and that night he lay at Santa Lucia: the Earl of Caraçena being returned, the next day he went to Saint james of Compostella, where he was received with magnificence by the Prelates, Citizens, and religious persons, and his lodging was made ready for him at Saint martin's, but before he saw it, he visited the Archbishop, who instantly prayed him to lodge in his house; but Odonnell excused it: The nine and twentieth the Archbishop saying Mass with pontifical solemnity, did minister the Sacrament to Odonnell, which done he feasted him at dinner in his house; and at his departure he gave him one thousand ducats: The King understanding of Odonnels arrival, wrote unto the Earl of Caraçena concerning the reception of him, and the affairs of Ireland, which was one of the most gracious Letters that ever King directed; for by it, it plainly appeared that he would endanger his kingdom to succour the Catholics of Ireland, to their content, and not fail therein; for the perfecting whereof, great preparations were in hand: Odonnell carried with him to the Court, Redmond Burke, Father Florence, Captain Mostian, and nine Gentlemen more, where they were nobly received; although the knowledge of the reception of Odonnell in Spain, was not well known by me until after the taking of Dunboy, yet I thought it requisite to insert it in its due place, according to the time of his being at the Groin: But now let us return to the affairs of Monster. Captain Roger Ha●●ie (according to his directions) being come to Castle-haven, Castle haven rendered by the Spaniards. Pedro●Lop●z do Sot● the Veador, who had the chief command thereof, after the receipt of Don juan de Aguila his Letters and messages, entertained him with great humanity, and upon the twelfth of February rendered the Castle unto him, receiving an acknowledgement under his, and his brother's Captain Gawen Harvies' hands in writing for the receipt thereof, which done they embarked their victuals, baggage, and Ordnance; lastly their men to the number of one hundred and forty by pole, and four Spanish Captains; Captain Roger Harvie delivered the charge of the Castle unto his brother Captain Gawen Harvie, there to remain in garrison with his Company of one hundred foot: The same day that Captain Harvie came to Castle-haven, the Odrischals (who had the inheritance of the same) by a slight got into the Castle, and had made themselves masters of it; the Spaniards to recover it again assaulted it, and were undermining the same when Captain Harvie was entering into the Haven; but upon the sight of his ships the Irish by composition (to depart in safety) rendered it to the Spaniard, who had lost two of their Soldiers in the attempt. The one and twentieth, Captain Harvie having in his Company the Veador, and some other Spaniards, The Castles of Doneshed and Donelong rendered by the Spaniards. set sail for Baltimore, whereupon the three and twentieth they went on land, and were feasted in the Castle of Donelong by the Governor thereof, called Andreas de Aervy, and the next day (by the direction of the Veador) their Ordnance (being seven in number in the Castle) were shipped: And the six and twentieth the said Castle, and the Castle of Donneshed, were with Spanish gravity rendered to her Majesty's use. The second of March following they were all embarked, and set sail for Spain: while these things were in doing, Captain Roger Harvie sent a party of men to Cape-Cleere, the Castle whereof was guarded by Captain Terrils men, which they could not gain, but they pillaged the Island, and brought from thence three Boats; and the second day following, the Rebels not liking the neighbourhood of the English quitted the Castle, wherein Captain Harvie placed a Guard: The Castle of Cape-Cleere guarded by Captain Harvy. at this time Sir Finnin Odrischall came to Captain Harvie and submitted himself: The tenth of the same Month, the Lord Barry, Captain Taffe, and Captain john Barry, chanced to light upon Donoghe Moyle Mac Carties men, and slew eighteen of the best of them. From Baltimore Captain George Flower was shipped in a Hoy of one hundred and twenty Tuns, The illsuccesse of Captain Flowers employment. with two Companies of two hundred in list, (but weak by pole) to receive from the Spaniards the Castle of Dunboy, but do all he could, by reason of fowl weather and contrary winds, he could never (although he was at the mouth of the Haven of Beer) recover the Land, and so enforced to return, effecting nothing, in this short Navigation fifty of his Soldiers by infection died, and but seven of the Sailors living. CHAP. XXVIII. The Spaniards embarked at Kinsale. The Spaniards dispossessed of Doxboy by Osulevan Bear. A Letter from Osulevan Bear to the King of Spain. A Letter from Osulevan Bear to the Earl of Caraze●a. A Letter from Osulevan Bear to Don Pedro de Zubeaur. THE twentieth of February, Spaniards embarked at Kinsale. twenty Spanish Captains with one thousand three hundred seventy four Soldiers, set sail from Kinsale for Spain. The Composition which Don juan did make when he surrendered Kinsale, The Spaniards dispossessed of Dumboy by Osulevan Bear. did infinitely grieve and offend the Irish, and especially those who had voluntarily delivered into his hands their Castles, but especially donnel Osulevan, who considering, that if his Castle of Donboy should be in the possession of the English, he was like to be banished his Country, not having any hope of favour from her Majesty, unto whose Crown and Dignity he had manifested himself to be a malicious Traitor, resolved to set up his rest in regaining of it out of the Spaniards hands, and afterwards to defend it against her Majesty's Forces as well as he might: For accomplishing whereof, they watched a fit opportunity, and surprised it in this sort: Although the Spaniards were the Masters of the Castle, yet evermore he had recourse into it, & lodged therein with such of his men as he thought good: In the dead time of the night, when the Spaniards were sound sleeping, and the key of the Castle in the Captain's custody, Osulevan caused his men, (amongst the which there were some Masons) to break a hole in the wall, wherein fourscore of his men entered, for by appointment he had drawn that night close unto the Castle, Archer the jesuit with another Priest, Thomas fits Maurice the Lord of Lixna●, donnel Mac Cartie, Captain Richard Tirrell, and Captain William Burke, with a thousand men: When day appeared, Archer prayed Francisco de Saaredra the Spanish Captain to go with him to Osulevans chamber, unto whom he made relation, that his men were entered the Castle, that he meant no personal hurt, either unto him, or to any of his, and that he would keep the same for the King of Spain's use; and also told him, that he had one thousand Foot within Harquebusse shot of the Castle. The Captain seeing himself surprised, made no resistance, and willed his men to do the like: But the Spaniards in fury discharged a few Musket shot amongst the Irish, and slew three of them, and hurt one: but by the mediation of Osulevan, and Francisco de Saavedra, the Captain, all was pacified, Osulevan being very careful that no hurt might be done to the Spaniards: Afterward Osulevan disarmed them all, kept the Captain, and a few of the better sort, with three or four Gunners, in the nature of Prisoners, and the rest he sent to Baltimore, to be embarked into Spain: He also seized upon all the Spanish Ordnance, Munitions, and Victuals, which was there in store. The Captain not long after was set at liberty, and returned with the Veador from Baltimore into Spain, and with him the other soldiers which were detained, but the Cannoneers Osulevan reserved. When report was brought to Don john de Aguila (then in Cork) of the surprise of Dunboy, he took it for a great affront, and would presently have drawn from Kinsale (the Spanish Companies there yet remaining) and march to Dunboy to regain it by force, and to deliver it according to the Composition into her Majesty's hands: But the Lord deputy and the Precedent, (who were desirous to see his heels towards Ireland) wished him not to trouble himself with that business; and when he was gone, the Precedent should take order for the reducing of it into his hands: the Castle of Dunboy was surprised (as beforesaid) in this month of February, 1601, and held by Osulevan to the use of the King of Spain: but yet to excuse himself unto the King, and to make it appear unto him how much he was his servant, he wrote unto him, to the Earl of Carazena, and to Pedro de Zubiare, there being at that present in Beerehaven, the Spanish Pinnace, which brought the Packet from Spain (intercepted between Kinsale and Cork) as aforesaid. A Letter from Osulevan Bear to the King of Spain. My Lord and my King. Out of his love to your kingly greatness, your humble steadfast servant donnel Osulevan Bear, enforced through peril and constraint, doth make bold to inform unto your greatness, that upon the landing in Castle-haven, in the West of Ireland, your General Pedro de Zubiar, and Pedro Lopez de Soto, with a fleet and men from your Greatness, according to the inward conceit of mind I always held, which I manifested in my young years, and would have still followed, unless disability had constrained me to the contrary; finding a happy and good opportunity (as I imagined) ay I came to their presence, tendering my obeisance unto them in the name of your Highness, and being with four hundred men at my own cost, towards your service, I yielded out of my mere love and goodwill, without compulsion or composition, into their hands in the name of your Majesty; not only my Castle, and Haven called Beerehaven, but also my Wife, my Children, my Country, Lordships, and all my possessions for ever to be disposed of at your pleasure. They received me in that manner, and promised (as from your Highness) to keep, and save the said Castle, and Haven during the service of your grace: Notwithstanding my gracious Lord, conclusions of peace were assuredly agreed upon, betwixt Don juan de Aguila and the English, a fact pitiful, and (according to my judgement) against all right and humane conscience. Among other places whereof your greatness was dispossessed in that manner, which were neither yielded nor taken to the end they should be delivered to the English; Don juan tied himself to deliver my Castle and Haven, the only key of mine inheritance, whereupon the living of many thousand persons doth rest, that live some twenty leagues upon the Sea Coast, into the hands of my cruel, cursed, misbelieving Enemies, a thing I fear in respect of the execrableness, inhumanity, and ingratefulness of the fact if it take effect, as it was plotted, that will give cause to other men not to trust any Spaniard hereafter, with their bodies or goods upon these causes. My Lord in that I judge this dishonourable act to be against your honour and pleasure, (as I understand by your last Letters that came into Ireland) considering the harm that might ensue to the service of your Majesty, and the ever lasting overthrow that might happen to me, and my poor people, such as might escape the sword of our Enemy (if any should) I have taken upon me (with the help of God) to offer to keep my Castle and Haven from the hands of mine Enemies, until further news, and order come from your Highness: I have sent my Son and Heir (being of the age of five years) as a Pledge for accomplishing your will in this behalf, and for the performing of my promise passed unto your Greatness: I would not omit myself in person to come and visit your Highness, but that I fear our wars here would grow weak in respect of my absence, for which cause myself, and the rest of our men of worth have sent in haste with Intelligence unto your Greatness, our loving Friend Dermond Odrischall, in respect of our confidence in him, our knowledge of him, and the continual endeavours we see in him towards this Catholic War, as from us all: And for as much as we could not conveniently write all that we wish unto you, we humbly beseech, that he may be heard as from us all, as if ourselves were present, and to hasten helping News, that shall rejoice us and our people, and afterwards to speed your gracious help unto us, for the sooner the better, whilst our enemies are not in readiness; and until the coming of news from your grace unto us, I will have in a readiness where the service shall require, the number of one thousand men; and I will upon my knees pray the merciful God, to give unto your Grace long life, with health of body and soul, and all happiness, and so do commit you to the safeguard of the Omnipotent. Donboy, viz. Beere-haven, the twentieth day of February, 1602. Stilo novo. donnel Osulevan Bear. A Letter from Osulevan Bear to the Earl of Caraçena. MY duty remembered: It may please your Lordship to understand, that according to my former Letters, it hath manifestly appeared, here the resolution of Don juan de Aguila to have been (by his composition with the English) to yield unto the Enemy's hands, all the Forts, and Havens voluntarily delivered by the Lords and Gentlemen of this Land for his Majesty's service, which will be to the dishonour of the King, the prevention of his most godly attempt, and the utter ruin and destruction of thousands of this Country Gentlemen and Catholics, who without compulsion entered into this Action: All which having considered, I have of mere affection to my Religion, his Highness' service, and love to my people and Country, so endeavoured the recovery of my Castle, as I did draw into the same some hundred of my followers, whom although the Spaniards have attempted to resist, and killed three of my best Gentlemen, yet durst none of my people kill any of them, but without harm forced them out of my said Castle, saving their Captain, with five or six unto whom I have allowed certain rooms in my House, to look to the King's Munition and Artillery: which Castle and Haven I do detain, and will evermore, for his Majesty's Service, to defend, until his Highness' pleasure, and your Lordship's resolution unto me shall be further known: And for manifestation of my loyalty, and faithfulness to his Majesty, I have sent my Son and Heir thither, whom I hope ere this time is present before your Lordship, and have cessed all the Captain's Company upon my own people and charges, humbly beseeching it may please your Honour, to be a mean unto his most Catholic Majesty, that he may vouchsafe speedily to relieve this place, where many of his Royal Ships in time of service may be kept in safety; Or otherways to send some small Ship towards this coast, for to receive me and the rest of my Family, and Children, for to be carried into Spain, for the saving of our lives out of the hands of these merciless, Heretical Enemies, making choice rather to forsake my ancient Inheritance, Friends, Follower's, and Goods, than any way to trust to their most graceless Pardon or Promise. Thus much I hope your godly charitable Nature will draw you to do for such a one as I am, who hazarded Life, Lands, Goods, and Followers for the Catholic Faith, and the King's Majesty's Service: All which, leaving to your Honourable Discretion, through whose virtuous means I chiefly hope to receive comfort, I humbly take leave. From Beare-haven Castle the last of February, 1602. Stilo novo. Your most Faithful and bounden, donnel Osulevan Bear. To the Earl of Caraçena, Governor and Captain General for his Majesty in the kingdom of Galitia. A Letter from Osulevan Bear to Don Pedro Zubiaur. MY honourable good friend, your kind letters I have of late received, & for your careful furtherance, I cannot but rest beholden and thankful as before: Our state since your departing, notwithstanding many crosses was reasonable well; partly because of the weakness of the English forces, until a brute came unto us credibly, that Don juan de Aguila did not only agree and compound to yield the Town of Kinsale, but also the other Castles and Havens, delivered voluntarily by the owners unto you, and the Veador to the King his use, during the occasion of service: which notwithstanding (being delivered to the Enemy's hands) would mightily discourage and weaken all the King's friends in Ireland; namely myself, who by keeping my possessions belonging to my Castle, and Haven of Beere-haven, and able (God be thanked) and ready at all times to find out for his Majesty's service, upon warning and necessity one thousand men, besides the ward of my own Castle, where losing the same so unexpected, and surrendered to the hands of most heretical enemies, I am not only disappointed of all power, but also driven to run to the Mountains, there to live like Wolveses, for the safety of my life, and to leave to their merciless discretion all the poor men, women, and children within the length of twenty Leagues containing of my ancient inheritance under my jurisdiction: I pray you as you have begun, and in his Majesty's name, past your promise unto me, to be a mean unto his Majesty, that such shameful composition void of lawful ground, may not be an overthrow and disgrace to the King's service, and a perpetual destruction to my posterity for ever, whose Ancestors maintained the credit and calling of great Gentlemen these two thousand and six hundred years, sithence their first coming out of Spain: I have made offer to the Veador to maintain all the Spaniards that were at Castlehaven, Baltimore, and here, with Beef, Fish, Corn and Salt, till his Majesty pleasure were known, and to find upon my own charges one thousand men to defend them: I would personally have repaired thither, to make relation hereof to the King, his Majesty, but that I do fear the wars might have the worse expedition here by my absence; although you might think, I would for a while use some resistance against the Englishmen, with my people and the Fastness of my Country, Odrischall. yet I know you will pity old Sir Finnin, forced by this composition to yield his body to the merciless butchery of our Heretical enemies, which leaving partly to be prevented by your good means to the King his most Catholic Majesty: I take leave, committing you to God: Beare-haven the twentieth of February, 1602. Stilo novo. donnel Osulevan Bear. It was first much doubted and feared, that the Castle of Dunboy had been voluntarily, not without the privity and consent of the chief Commanders amongst the Spaniards, delivered unto donnel Osulevan, there being such an excellent Haven for the King's ships, if he should send forces to repair the ruins of his honour, so much shaken by the former proceedings; but afterward understanding that the Castle was not surprised without some blood, and also intercepting those Letters which verified the contrary, it cleared the Spaniards of that suspicion; but howsoever, the holding of this Castle gave occasion to the country more obstinately to stand out in the action, because Osulevan Bear (for defence hereof) against the English, had according to the contents of these Letters, entertained Tirrell, William Burke, and others with one thousand Bonnoghs, which were by course employed about the fortifying of this Castle. near unto the mouth of the Haven of Bea●e, there is a small Island called the Durses, which is very strongly seated by nature, by reason of the difficulty of landing (which is conveniently) but in one narrow entrance, which may be defended with a few hands, and besides it is impossible for any Boat to arrive at this entrance, except it be in a dead calm, the least gale of wind, raising such billows, as do endanger any Boat as shall come near the shore: this impregnable place, was elected for their extreme refuge, if Dunboy should be won by the English; and therefore the custody thereof was committed to Conner Odrischall, Son and Heir to Sir Finnin before mentioned, who procuring three Pieces of Spanish Ordnance to be conveyed into the Island, with certain quantity of powder and shot, and having sixty choice men, fortified the same (as they thought) against the most potent Enemy; but we leave these Rebels busying their brains, and wearying their bodies about these fortifications, and return to Captain Harvie, who while the Veador Pedro Lopez de●Soto, remained at Baltimore, many courtesies and familiar conferences passed between them, wherein he showed himself to be a man of great humanity, and a good statesman, able to relate many things, both concerning the State of England, and particularly of the Nobility in the same, as well as some that had spent their whole lives in that Realm; but the end of all his conference, still tended towards a peace between our Sovereign and his Master, whereby it may be gathered, that the King of Spain was weary of the war, which himself had injuriously begun: The substance of their discourse Captain Harvie related to the Precedent, and also showed him a Passport of the Veadors, and a Letter which he sent unto him after his arrival in Spain, all which are thus Englished. CHAP. XXIX. 〈…〉 discourse between Captain Roger Harvie, and Pedro Lopez de Soto Pedro Lopez de Soto his Passport. Pedro Lopez de Soto his Letter to Captain Roger Harvie. A Discourse that passed betwixt Captain Roger Harvy, An interloqu●tory discourse between Captain Roger Harvie and Pedro Lopezde Soto. and Pedro Lopez de Soto the Spanish Veador, the six and twentieth of F●bruary, 1601, in the Island of Innysharkin, whilst the Spaniards were embarquing their Munitions and Artillery, from thence the effect as followeth. Soto. SIR (saith he) is it not a miserable and lamentable thing (in any honest man's conscience) to see the daily effusion of blood and infinite expense of treasure, that this war betwixt Spain and England doth daily bring forth and consume? Harvie. I told him it was too high a mystery for me to censute, but I thought it to be the judgement of God, for we must understand that Princes are Gods Ministers, and Agents upon earth, and what they do is beyond our limits to look into: Notwithstanding I thought the pride of his Master's gold, so puffed him up, as either he must have all the world or nothing can content him, or else his King would never have sought out such a place as Ireland is, to have buried so many Crown in, besides the loss of no small number of his Subjects, but it may be hereafter he will know us better, and perchance think our nation fitter to conquer, then to lose what we have. Soto. But do you think that Gold is so abundant with us? Harvey. The Indian world which you possess●, makes us believe so. Soto. Well, be not deceived, for myself have been a dealer these many years in great Affairs for the King, and by that I do some what understand his Hazienda, which I must confess to be very great, and yet not so exceeding as the world thinks: But if 〈◊〉 were far greater than it is, I assure you, the infinite number of Garrisons which he is daily forced to maintain, would devour another such Indies, if he had them: for do but look into how many several Branches his Treasure is divided into, and then you will believe me; but yet of all the rest, his expenses in the Warns of the Low-countrieses is most chargeable, and of greatest import unto him, and for the which he may thank your Queen of England; for had not she assisted those Traitors, they long since had borne the yoke of their deserts, and neither Ireland nor England had ever been looked into, or offended by us. Harv. Why then I perceive it is not Religion, or Conscience that hath brought you hither to relieve the Irish, but only Revenge, for aiding of the States of the Low-countrieses against the Cardinal. Soto. But did you ever think otherwise? I know you did not; and if you say so, I know you dissemble with me: for the place where you have been brought up in, hath better discipline. Har. Why, where have I been brought up? Soto. I hear that you are near in blood unto the Precedent, and that from a child you have followed him; and I know that you are better instructed than you make show of. Har. I must thank you for your good opinion of me: but have you ever seen the face of the Precedent? Soto. I assure you no, and which I am very sorry for: for I hear that he is a worthy Gentleman, and one of the wisest men in Ireland; and if I would take the Irish opinions for my belief of him, (they confidently believe that he hath a familiar) for they say he knows all things, and that nothing can be hidden from him, besides he is so inward with the Secretary of England, as his power thereby is the greater, (which strengtheneth much my belief of his worth;) but I pray you Sir, is it so? Har. Truly I must confess, that I am nearly allied unto him, and that I am wholly his Creature from my Childhood; But for your better satisfaction of what you have heard of him, unless in modesty I should wrong him, I cannot do less then maintain the same opinion, which the world holds of his worth and sufficiency: but for any familiar that he hath, more than a noble Spirit and judgement, and as the long experience of this Nation may sufficiently give him understanding (I assure you he hath not any) and therefore the Irish in that do wrong him: And as for the greatness with the Secretary of England, I know in his Affections he hath been very near him these many years, and to his uttermost hath wholly devoted himself unto him; and in any reasonable matter I think, Master Secretary will as soon hearken unto his Counsel, (as unto any) if he were in England. Soto. But why would not the Secretary keep him still with him, but suffer him to spend his time among this Nation? Harvie. I cannot say but you object well; but I assure you the necessity of his coming hither was such, as for the public good he was enforced unto it, besides her Majesty's opinion of his experience is such, as she knew he was able to end all the wars in these parts with Expedition, which in four Months myself can testify he had finished: and had not your Armies coming hither caused a new rupture, he had good hopes to have been called (long since) home again, which I know nothing under Heaven he desireth more. Soto. That makes me think that he is weary of the wars, and would be contented now to live in peace. Harvie. I think not so, unless it were a very happy peace, otherwise wars is far more welcome unto him (although I thought not the Irish wars) but I thought a Spanish journey royally undertaken, would please him so much almost as to be seven years younger. Soto. Since your Precedent loves a hot Climate so well, I would to God he would be a means to make a peace betwixt the two Kingdoms, and then he might take his choice in whether of them he would live, and be a welcome man unto both: but was not he in France with Master Secretary, when that business was a treating? Harvie. Yes. Soto. And were you there likewise? Harvie. No. Soto. I assure you there was excellent juggling of your side, and will be still where great personages are the Actors, otherwise I imagine there had fallen out better success: but we have some Spirits in Spain, will never rest, until they have either ruined the kingdom or themselves: but dare you Sir impart this Conference unto the Precedent? Harvie. I promise you if I live I will. Soto. It may be out of this, may proceed some good effect, for of less beginnings than this have greater matters risen. Harvie. I believe you, although I have small hopes of this. Soto. And why? Cannot England stand without the Low Countries? Harvie. Yes against all the earth, but not so quiet if that were yours. Soto. Why? we will not ask any assistance from the Queen, but only have her stand a Neuter, and for her safety and the kingdoms, we will put in pledge twenty of the best houses in Spain; such as your State will choose; and if the State of England will 〈◊〉 look judicially into it, they shall find the offer honest, and fit to be accepted: Considering that the Queen of England is by nature as mortal as others of less quality: and if she were dead I know the next that shall succeed will afford it, and be glad of it upon less conditions, or else I am deceived. Harvie. But God be thanked we have no cause in England to dream of succession, but hope she shall be eternal unto us. Soto. That were ill news unto him, who looks to succeed. Harvie. But Sir to the matter, because I have promised you to impart this conference unto the Precedent, let me entreat you to have somewhat under your hand to justify it. Soto. You shall have a Pass (either for yourself or any other) from me to come into Spain, touching this business: The effect whereof I most humbly refer unto God, and so bid you farewell. Pedro Lopez de Soto, Pedro Lopez de Soto his Passport. Overseer general of the Army of my Sovereign the Catholic King, etc. For certain due respects behooveful for his Majesty's service, this free Passport (in his royal name) is assured for any English Ship, which shall bring any dispatch from Roger Harvie Governor of the Garrisons at Castlehaven and Baltimore, directed and superscribed to me, which shall happen to arrive in any Port in Spain, from the date hereof unto the end of july next: By virtue whereof, his Majesty's chief● Officer that shall govern the Province, or port where the said Ships shall arrive, shall give commandment for the service of his Majesty, that both it, the S●●f●ring men, and all other persons with their goods, shall be freely received and entertained, and accommodated to their liking and content, until the dispatch in the said ship, directed unto me, be sent unto Don Pedro Franquesa, the said ship with her men and goods, may not only, freely return to these Northern parts, without any impediment, but rather to be entreated with all possible courtesies: And if any of his Majesty's ships of war, or any of his Subjects ships, shall meet with this English ship, either outward or homeward bound, they shall permit her to pass without any detention, it being convenient for his Majesty's service so to do: Written at Baltimore the nineth of March, 1602. Pedro Lopez de Soto. Pedro Lopez de Soto his Letter to Captain Roger Harvie. ALthough you be an Englishman, and myself a Spaniard, nevertheless (finding you to be (as it appears unto me) a man of honour in all your actions) I cannot but assure you that I am extremely affectioned unto you, and the cause that moves me to desire your friendship and correspondence, is the just respect I have to the good proceedings of the Lord deputy, and the Lord Precedent, and their Ministers towards the King my Master, as also of you, and the rest (in the service of your Prince) which hath obliged us to a good correspondence: The Passport which I left with you, shall be always faithfully accomplished when occasion shall serve, and of the same you may be confident, for we will fully observe it: And so God keep you: From the Groin the nineth of April, 1602. Stilo novo. Pedro Lopez de Soto. To Captain Roger Harvie, Governor of Castle-haven and Baltimore. CHAP. XXX. Don juan embarked at Kinsale. The Lord deputy departed from Cork towards Dublin. A Letter from the Lord deputy and Council to the Lords in England. The Lord deputy sickened in his journey to Dublin. The Lord Precedent surprised with a Fever in his return to Monster. THE eighth of March Don juan being at Kinsale, 8. March. hourly expecting a wind to be gone, Don juan embarked at Kinsale. and finding a flattering gale went aboard: The Lord Deputy on the other side, as desirous to be at his work in Ulster (for the prosecution of Tyrone;) the day following he began his journey towards Dublin, on whom the Lord Precedent attended, until he had brought him out of the Province: But Don john for want of a fair wind, departed not from Kinsale until the sixteenth of the same Month: The Lord Deputy departed from Cork towards Kinsale. The day before the Lord Deputies departure, or the same day (I know not whether) his Lordship being mindful of the sufficiency, blood, and valour of Sir Richard Percy, caused him to be sworn a Councillor of the Province of Monster, and the night that he left Cork he lodged at Clone, a Town and Manor house sometimes belonging to the Bishop of that Sea, but now passed in Fee farm to Master john Fits edmond's, who gave cheerful and plentiful entertainment to his Lordship, and all such of the Nobility, Captains, Gentlemen, and others as attended upon him. The Deputy as well to requi●e his perpetual loyalty to the Crown of England, as also to encourage others in the like, at his departure, did honour him with the Order of Knighthood, and then continued his journey towards Waterford, where he bestowed the like honour upon Edward Gough, and Richard Aylward, two ancient and well deserving Citizens. The Precedent having attended the Lord Deputy to Kilkenny, where they lodged in the Earl of Ormonds' house, and all things considered of, which concerned the State of the Kingdom, upon the four and twentieth of March, the last day of the year, 1601, the Lord deputy and Council made a Dispatch into ENGLAND, 24. March. which here ensues. A Letter from the Lord deputy and Council to the Lords in England. IT may please your Lordships, having certain intelligence since our coming to this place, that Don juan and all the rest of the Spaniards departed from Kinsale on Tuesday the sixteenth hereof, and that the wind since that time hath served them so well, as we assure ourselves by this, they are nee●e the Coast of Spain; we thought fit hereby to give your Lordship's notice thereof; that you may know that we are free now of them all. Since our being ●ere, there hath been br●ught in a notorious Rebel, one William Mac Hubbard, lately taken in Vpperossery▪ who of late hath done great spoils and murders in these parts, more than any other, so as we have caused him to be executed in this Town to the great terror of many: About the same time that he was executed, a Son of Garret Mac Mortaghes, named Moris Mac Garret, died of a hurt lately given him in fight, who was a most dangerous young man, like to trouble all the Country: The death of these two Rebels, as also of a notorious Rebel by birth, of Monster lately slain (called Dermot Mac Awley) who was an inward man, and a great practising instrument with Tyrone) will greatly quiet these parts, and your Lordships can hardly think, what a great change we find already by their ●o happy & timely cutting off. As for Sir Finnin Odris●hall, 〈◊〉, and the two Sons of Sir Owen Mac Cartie, they and their Followers since their coming in, are grown very odious to the Rebels of those parts, and are so well divided in factions amongst themselves, as they are fallen to preying and killing one an other, which we conceive will much avail, to the quieting of these parts. I the Deputy am this day going towards Dublin, from whence your Lordships shall hear from me, according to the directions given me by your Lordships: And I the Precedent am returning into Monster, to attend my charge there. We have been much importuned by the Army in general, touching an abatement of half a pound of Beef upon every flesh day, from every particular Soldier, and of two Herrings every fish day, and the Horse troops likewise find themselves aggrieved, that the Victualler chargeth them with two shillings six pence increase in the issuing of every Barrel of Oats, without any other Warrant then a private Letter from Master Wade, Clerk of the Council; which although we conceive Master Wade hath signified over upon such purpose of your Lordships, or other good ground, yet in regard of importunities of the Captains, and to prevent a general mutiny of the Army, in regard the Soldiers are weak, and much enfeebled, by the last siege of Kinsale, and that the prices of all things are increased above all measure; by reason of the new standard Coin, and that the Country is generally much harried and wasted, and thereby great scarcity and wants grow here; we hold it meet, and accordingly gave direction to the Commissary of the victuals, to issue Oats (as formerly) at six shillings the barrel, and allow the Soldier two pound of Beef, and eight Herrings a day, according as it was formerly accustomed, till your Lordship's resolution were returned in that behalf, which we humbly pray and expect. And so having no other matter at this time worthy the presenting to your Lordships, we most humbly take leave. The same day after this Letter was signed, The Lord Deputy sickened on his way to Dublin. the Lord deputy took his journey towards Dublin, but being surprised with an ill disposition of health, which so increased upon him, as that the next day he was enforced to be carried in his Horse litter, and so continued until he arrived there. The Lord Precedent surprised with a fever in his return to Monster. And the Precedent the aforesaid day returned towards Cork, surprised with the like accident, in so much as he was not able that night to journey any farther than unto Master Geralt Com●rfords house, not distant from Kilkenny above three miles, and there it appeared that he was in a burning fever: Nevertheless being transported with a desire to be in his Province, the next day he remooved, and so by easy journeys, resting some days upon the way, at last upon the third of April he came to Cork, but exceeding weak, and in many men's opinion in danger of death. The Actions, Accidents, and Services of mark related in this second Book, for the Readers better memory, I will briefly recount, which were as followeth: viz. The sending of Forces out of Monster into Connaght, to withstand the entrance of Connaght and Ulster men into Monster: The taking of james fits Thomas, the reputed Earl of Desmond: The apprehension of Florence Mac Cartie: The sending of a Regiment into Connaght for the service of that Province: The sending of james fits Thomas and Florence prisoners into England: The restraint of certain principal Gentlemen of Monster that were apt to rebel: The arrival of the Spaniards at Kinsale: The Lord Deputies coming into Monster: The siege of Kinsale: The landing of seconds from Spain at Castlehaven: The remarkable Sea-fight in that harbour: The revolt of divers of the Provincials: The coming of Tyrone and Odonnell to raise the siege at Kinsale: The famous victory obtained against them, and the Spaniards: The flight of Odonnell, Redmond Burke, etc. into Spain: The honourable and advantageous Composition: The rendering of Castle-haven, and the Castles at Baltimore unto her Majesty: The surprising of the Castle of Donboy by Osulevan Bear: The transporting of the Spaniards into Spain: And the departure of the Lord deputy out of Monster. The end of the second Book. PACATA HIBERNIA. THE THIRD BOOK OF THE WARS IN IRELAND, Whereby that Country was reduced to Subjection and Obedience. CHAP. 1. The estate of the Province of Monster after the siege of Kinsale. The War of Ireland censured to be lawfully maintained by the Rebels, in the opinion of the learned men of Spain. The Names of the Doctors of Salamanca, who censured the lawfulness of the Rebellion in Ireland. 1602 ALthough the Spaniards, In what estate the province of Monster was in after the siege of Kinsal. as is related, were sent away out of Ireland, and the Province of Monster cleared of strangers, yet to regulate and draw into order the Provincials, which were revolted, was a task (of no small labour) for the Precedent to undergo, being not unlike unto the state of men's bodies, wherein Relapses are far more dangerous than the first sickness. Before the coming of these castilians, the Province (as you have heard) was in so good conformity, as the civil justice (without all contradiction) had as currant passage as in any of the former years of Peace, and every man's cattle (without loss or danger) lay day and night in the fields: But now the Rebels, and their hired Bownoghs swarmed every where, and especially in Carbery, Bear, Desmond, and Kerry, in so much as there was no place in them, or adjoining unto them, free from these Caterpillars, who beholding the grievousness of their offences, grew to be desperate, concluding themselves to be the children of perdition, and not capable of her Majesty's gracious mercy, whereby their obstinacy was increased. In the tract of Land aforementioned, there was no Castles which which held for the Queen, but those which the Spaniards rendered, and guarded by the two Captain Harvies', and Castle Mange in Kerry, (wherein a Guard of Sir Charles Wilmotts had continued all the time of the siege at Kinsale) all the rest were in the possession of the Rebels: In this distemper the Province remained, when the Lor● Deputy left the same. But before I enter further into the progression of the affairs of Monster, I beseech the Reader to pardon me for this ensuing digression, in the which he may perceive how the learned men of Spain at Salamanca, did maintain and approve the Rebellion in Ireland, which was handled upon the seventh day of March, 1602. Stilo novo. IN the Name of God Amen: The war of Ireland censured to be lawfully maintained by the rebels, in the opinion of the learned men in Spain. The most renowned Prince Hugh Oneale doth make war for the Defence of the Catholic faith with the Queen of England, and the English people; that is to say, that it may be lawful for him, and the Irish freely to profess the Catholic Religion, which liberty the Queen of England doth endeavour to take from them by force and Arms. There are two matters now in question about this war: The one is, whether it be lawful for the Irish Catholics to favour the foresaid Prince Hugh with Arms, and all other means in this war: The other is, whether it be lawful for the same Catholics, to fight against the foresaid Prince, without deadly sin, and to favour the English in this war, either with Arms, or by any other means, especially when as if they deny this kind of help unto the English, they expose themselves to a manifest danger of their life, or of losing all their temporal goods: And furthermore, since it is permitted by the Pope, that the Irish Catholics may obey the foresaid Queen of England, and acknowledge her as their lawful Queen, by paying tribute unto her; for it seemeth that what belongeth unto Subjects to do, may be performed, that is to say, to fight against the Queen's Rebels, which deny their due obedience to her, and seem to usurp the Land which is subject to her Dominion. That both these questions may be decided, we must hold it as for certain, that the Romish Bishop hath power to bridle and suppress, such as forsake the faith, and those which oppose themselves with Arms against the Catholic faith, when other means is not ministered to overthrow so great an evil: And further it must be concluded for infallible, that the Queen of England doth oppugn the Catholic Religion, neither doth permit the Irish publicly to embrace the Catholic faith, and that for the same cause, the foresaid Prince and others before him, of whom the Letters Apostolical of ●lement the eighth make mention, did make war against her▪ These being thus set down, the first question is easily resolved, for it is qustionlesse, that any Catholics whatsoever, may favour the said Prince, Hugh Oneale, in the foresaid war, and the same with great merit, and hope of most great and eternal reward; for seeing that the foresaid Prince, doth make war by the authority of the high Bishop, for the defence of Catholic religion, and that the Pope doth exhort all the faithful by his Letters thereto (as by his Letters is manifest) and that he will extend his graces upon the Favourers of the Prince in that war, in as ample manner, as if they did make war against the Turks, no man will in equity doubt, but that both the present war is just, and that to fight for defence of the Catholic religion, (which is the greatest thing of all) is a matter of great merit: And concerning the second question, it is most certain, that all those Catholics do sin mortally, which do follow the English Standard against the foresaid Prince, neither can they obtain eternal salvation, nor be absolved of their sins by any Priest, except they first repent and forsake the English Army, and the same is to be censured, of those which in this war favour the English, either with Arms or Victuals, or give them any thing of like condition, besides those accustomed tributes which it is lawful for them by virtue of the Pope's indulgence and permission, to pay unto the Kings of England, or their officers, (so long as Catholic religion shall flourish in the same.) This assertion is confirmed by this most manifest reason, because it is sufficiently proved by the Letters of the high Bishop, that the English make unjust war against the said Oneale, and those that favour him: For seeing that the Pope doth declare, that the English do fight against the Catholic Religion, and that they should be resisted, as much as if they were Turks, and that he doth bestow the same graces upon those which do resist them; who doubteth the war which the English make against the Catholic Army to be altogether unjust? But it is not lawful for any to favour an unjust war, or to be present thereat under the pain of eternal damnation. The Catholics do therefore most grievously offend, which do bear Arms in the Camps of Heretics, against the foresaid Prince, in a war so apparently impious and unjust, and all those which do assist the said war, with Arms, Victuals, or by any other means, which of themselves do further the proceedings of the war, and cannot give account of their indifferent obedience, neither doth it any thing avail them to scandal the Apostolical Letters of Surreption, for Surreption cannot happen where no petition of them is declared, in whose favour they were dispatched. But the high Bishop doth openly teach in those Letters, that he and his Predecessors, had exhorted the Irish Princes, and all faithful men, to make that war, and to provoke them the more thereto; he doth enrich them with great favours, and indulgences: How may it then be, that those Letters were surreptive, which only contain in them an exhortation, strengthened with many great favours, for such as did fulfil them; neither therefore can the Catholics which assist the English, defend themselves by the reasons alleged in the second question, for no mortal sin is to be committed; although either life or goods stand thereupon: but those things which further and help to execute an unjust war are manifestly deadly sins. It is permitted likewise to the Catholics, to perform such kind of obedience to the Queen, as doth not oppugn Catholic religion, neither ever was, or could it be the meaning of the Pope, to allow them to use that obedience towards the Queen, which doth manifestly disagree with the end and scope, which he had to spread the Catholic faith, and religion in Ireland; but that it was his meaning and scope, his Letters do manifestly declare. By all which it remaineth sufficiently apparent, that the most famous Prince Hugh Oneale, and other Catholics of Ireland, making war against an heretical Queen, who opposeth herself against the true faith, and no Rebels at all, neither do deny due obedience, nor usurp unjustly the Queen's Dominions, but rather that they do revenge themselves and their Country, from impious and wicked tyranny by a most just war, and defend and maintain the holy and right faith, with all their power, as becometh Catholics and Christians. All and every of which, we underwritten, do judge and approve, as most certain and true. Salamanca the seventh of March, 1602. I john of Segvensa, The names of the Doctors of Salamanca who censured the lawfulness of the rebellion in Ireland. Professor of divinity in the College of the society of jesus, of this famous City of Salamanca, do so censure. I Emanuel of Royas, Professor of divinity in the said College of jesus, do agree in the same. And I Gaspar of Mena, Professor of divinity and holy Scripture in the said College, do hold with the opinion of these Fathers, as being altogether true. I Peter Osorius, Expounder for the sacred Canons in the same College of the society of jesus, am altogether of the same opinion, with the foresaid Fathers. The Precedent as is said, being returned to Cork, after a few days, began to recover, and finding his strength increased, and consequently his health, began to apply himself to his business: But before I speak farther o● his progressions, I must look a little back, to say somewhat of things past. CHAP. II. The Earl of Thomond directed to march with an Army into Carbery, and his Instructions. The Castle of Donboy fortified by the Rebels. The Earl of Thomond having placed convenient Garrisons in the West, returned to Cork. The Lord Precedent resolved to besiege the Castle of Donboy. The List of the Army in Monster. The Lord President advised not to enterprise the winning of the Castle of Donboy, and the reasons why. The Lord President perseveres in his resolution, and causeth the Army to march towards Donboy. TO make trial whether the Rebels in the Country of Carbery, would submit themselves upon the sight of an Army, having been lately wasted and spoilt by the Garrisons at Baltimore, The Earl of Thomond directed to march with an Army into Carbery. Castle-haven, and Bantry; upon the ninth of March (which was the day the Lord deputy departed from Cork;) the Precedent directed the Earl of Thomond with two thousand and five hundred Foot in List (which were by the Pole but twelve hundred Foot, and fifty Horse) to march into Carbery, and from thence into Bear, thereto view in what manner the Castle of Donboy was fortified, of the incredible strength whereof much was noised; many other directions he had, which for the better satisfaction of the Reader, I do here insert the instructions themselves. Instructions given to the Earl of Thomond, the nineth of March, 1601. FIrst as soon as possible you may, His Instructions. your Lordship is to assemble your forces together, consisting of two thousand and five hundred foot in List, and fifty Horse; and because they lie dispersed, for the more expeditions sake, to take them in your way Westward, as they are garrised. The service you are to perform, is to do all your endeavour, to burn the rebels Corn in Carbery, Bear, and Bantry, take their Cows, and to use all hostile prosecution upon the persons of the people, as in such cases of rebellion is accustomed. Those that are in subjection, or lately protected (as Odrischall, Odonevan, and Sir Owen Mac Carties Sons, to afford them all kind and mild usage. When you are in Bear, (if you may without any apparent peril) your Lordship shall do well, to take a view of the Castle of Dunboy, whereby we may be the better instructed how to proceed, for the taking of it, when time convenient shall be afforded. Captain Flower as I think is now in Bantry, very weakly accompanied, for his relief, you are to hasten towards him, and for your better understanding to know in what state he is, to send presently unto him, and accordingly to proceed. There is direction to the Victualler, to send three months Victuals for five hundred Foot to Baltimore, and the like proportion for Bear, and to the Master of the Ordnance, to send to either of those places, one Last of Powder, with Lead and Match proportionably; your Lordship is to call upon the Ministers of those Offices, to see the same presently sent away. The Powder and victual sent for Bear, is directed to Baltimore, there to stay until the place be 〈◊〉 where Captain Flower resteth, and from then●e to be 〈◊〉 corrected by your Lordship. When your Lordship hath met with Captain Flower, 〈…〉 from him, you are to leave with him five hundred Foot (or more) if in your judgement you shall think it requisite, and likewise the like proportion of strength to Captain Harvie, (more or less) as in your opinion shall be thought meet. If the Abbey of Bantrey be the place found fittest for Captain Flower to remain in, and that the same be so ruined, as of necessity (for the safe and well keeping of the Victuals and Munitions) cost must be bestowed, whatsoever your Lordship shall lay out for the repairing of it, upon your bill of disbursements, it shall be forthwith repaied unto you, always praying you to use as little charge as possible you may: money to intelligencers, and messengers is likewise allowed. For the Garrison at Kinsale, Victuals is likewise ordained to be sent, whereof the Victualler must be remembered. The capital Rebels that are to resist you, is Osulevan, and Tirrell, your Lordship must leave no means unassayed to get them alive or dead; the way (in my judgement) how that service may be effected, I have already made known to your Lordship, wherein I pray you to use your best endeavours. ●iue all the comfort you may to Owen Osulevan, by whose means you know the affairs of those parts will be best composed. Dermond Moyle Mac Cartie is most assisted by the Ocrawlyes, have a special care to prosecute and plag●e him and his assistants, and if you can find any good means to work upon him, spare not your endeavour: Sir Owen Mac Carties sons (if they be well handled) will prove the best means, knowing as you do, that he stands between them and the Lord of the Country. If T●g On●rsies Castle, and Rannell D●ffes, shall in your opinion be meet for the Service, do you take them into your hands, and leave wards in them; but let not you● intent be discovered, until you be possessed of them. The like you are to do with 〈◊〉, Sir F●nnin Odrischalls house, in the which (of necessity) I think the store of Victuals and Munitions for the garrison of Baltimore, must be laid for the Castle of Donnelong, where Roger 〈◊〉 is, 〈◊〉 too little for that purpose. Lastly, I pray your Lordship, of all your proceedings in give me as often advertisement as you may, and have 〈◊〉 with Sir Charles Wilmot, for between your two Forces, all the Monster Rebels remain. The Earl being gone with his Army, 〈…〉 the Abbey of Bantrie, about threescore miles' 〈◊〉 ●orke▪ and there had notice, The castle of Dunboy fortified by the Rebels. that donnel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and his people, by the 〈◊〉 of two Spaniards, an Italian, and a Friar called 〈…〉 did still continue their works about the Castle of Dunboy; the Barbican whereof being a stone wall of si●teene foot in height, they faced with sods intermingled with wood and faggots (above four and twenty foot thick) for a defence against the Cannon ● they had also sunk a low Platform to plant their 〈◊〉 for a counterbattery, and left nothing undone, either within or without the Castle, that in their opinions was meet for defence▪ But when it came to trial, it appeared that their Iudge●●●●●●ayl●d▪ (as after you shall hear) For the Barbican was not above six or eight foot distant from the Castle, the height whereof 〈◊〉 ●●ceeding high, not remembering that the ruins thereof would quickly fill the void space between them, and make a fair assault when a 〈…〉, whereby all their earth and sodd works proved vain and 〈◊〉, not so much as one Cannon shot being bestowed upon them, but as near as the Cannoni●rs could take their ay●●● above it▪ ●s the Precedent had directed. Tirrell in this mean time with the other ●ownoghs had so well placed themselves in the mountains of Bear, that he could not with his Army pass any farther without apparent danger: Hereupon the Earl left with Captain George Flower, The Earl of Thomond having placed convenient garrisons in the West, returned to Cork. besides his own Company, the Companies of Sir john Do●dall, the Lord Barry, Captain Francis Kingsmill, Captain 〈◊〉, and Captain Bradbury, which were seven hundred 〈◊〉 in List, in the Whiddy, (an Island lying within the Bay of Bantrie) very convenient for the Service, and himself with the rest of his Forces ●●●●●ned to Cork, where having made relation of the particulars of 〈◊〉 journey, The L. President resolved to besiege the Castle of Do●boy. it was found necessary that the Precedent without any protrac●ions or delay, should dr●w all the Forces in the Province to a ●ead against them; And although the time of the year was no● so convenient, (the Spring being newly begun) yet present order was taken for all the Army to repair unto Cork, except those which Sir Charles Wilmott did employ for the reduction of K●rry: Upon a longer delay a double inconvenience depended: First, her Majesty should be burdened with a greater charge▪ and secondly, though the Spaniards had an intention of sending another Army, yet if they might be certified that the Castle of Donboy was taken, which was the only possession which they had in Ireland, and the Country reduced to her Majesty's Obedience before they were put to Sea, it might peradventure persuade them to new Counsels, and alter the former Determinations. But before I proceed any farther, it is pertinent to set down the Forces which the Lord Deputy le●t for the prosecution of the war in Monster, which as they stood in List, (but very weak by the Pole) was as followeth: of Horse. The Lord Precedent. A List of the Army in Monster. 100 The Earl of Thomond. 100 Sir Charles Wilmot. 25 Sir Anthony Cook. 50 Captain William Ta●●e. 50 Of Foot. ☞ The Lord Precedent. Note that the names thus ☞ marked, were Colonels of foot Regiments. 200 ☞ The Earl of Thomond. 200 The Lord Barry. 100 ☞ The Lord Audley. 150 ☞ Sir Richard Percy. 150 ☞ Sir Charles Wilmo●. 150 Sir George Thornton. 100 Sir Gerard Harvie. 150 Sir Franci● Barkley. 150 Sir john Dowdall. 150 Sir Samuel Bagnall. 150 Sir Anthony Cook. 150 Sir Alexander Clifford. 150 Sir Arthur Savage. 150 The White Knight. 100 Captain Roger Harvie. 150 Captain George Flower. 150 Captain William Saxey. 100 Captain Francis Slingsby. 100 Captain Henry Skipwith. 100 Captain Francis Hobby. 100 Captain Francis Kingsmill. 100 Captain William Power. 100 Captain George Kingsmill. 100 Captain Robert Collome. 100 Captain john Bostock. 100 Captain Gawen Harvie. 100 Captain Charles Cook. 100 Captain William Stafford. 100 Captain john Owsley. 100 Captain George blundel. 100 Captain Edward Dodington. 100 Captain Ralph Sidley. 100 Captain Thomas Bois. 100 Captain Holcroft. 100 In all Horse 325 Foot 4400 The enterprise of the siege of Donboy was by the best Subjects of the land, The L. Precedent was advised not to enterprise the winning of the Castle of Donboy, and the reasons why. and by the Precedents particular friends dissuaded; the one in regard of the public, and the other in the love they bore him: and also out of England had he advice, that he should be very wary how he proceeded, le●t he should ●aile in the enterprise; whereby the Queen and State, should undergo a fruitless charge and scorn; for by all men it was thought, that the place was impregnable, by reason of the situation of it: Whereunto no approach by land forces could be made, nearer than the Bay of Bantry, being short of Donboy four and twenty miles, the ways being in many places so impassable for horse and carriages, and in some places such straits and craggy rocks, as it was impossible for men to march but in file, whereby one hundred that were to make defence, might forbid an Army to pass: if he purposed to transport his Army by Sea, that he should find no landing place for his Ordnance near unto it, and being landed, the wit of man was not able (without an infinite number of pioneers) to draw them unto the Castle; for all the grounds near unto it, were either bog, or rocks, and also that there was no conveniency of ground to encamp in, no good water near, not wood for necessary use, or gabion stuff within three miles of it: The Ea●●● of Ormond in his love bo●h▪ ●o the service, and to the Precedent, ●rote unto him a dissuading 〈◊〉 for the causes afore recited, The L. President perseveres in his resolution. 〈◊〉 therefore advised him to 〈◊〉 the Enterprise: But the Precedent foreseeing the importance of the service, and prophsying (as it f●ll out) that the wi●●ing of that place would discourage the Spani●rds from any new invasion, gave but a 〈◊〉 ear to all persuasions ●oping that he should find ●he difficulties less than they were bele●●●d or related unto him▪ The well affected Irish (fearing the event) solicited him vehemently not to attempt it; his answers were, that bogs nor rocks, should forbid the draught of the Cannon; the 〈◊〉 he would make passable by Faggots and Timber, the other he would break and smooth with pioneers tools; and with this constant resolution he caused the Army to be assembled, which at Cork was in list near three thousand, but by pole not exceeding fifteen hundred, by reason the Companies had been extremely weakened, by the long cold and hungry winter siege: The Precedent (though feeble and weak in his own estate of health) drew forth of Cork the three and twentieth of April, 23. April. the Army began to march towards Donboy. 1602. and encamped that night at Owneboy, being the very place where Tyrone lodged, at such ●ime as he received the great overthrow near Kinsale. The four a●d twentieth we rose and marched to Tymolegge, 24. April. where the Army lodged, and three Rebels that were taken, and 〈◊〉 before the Lord Precedent were executed. The five and twentieth we drew to Roscarbry, 25. April. where our Army lodged▪ The six and twentieth we departed Rosse over the Leap to 26. April. Glanbarahan near Castle-haven, where the Army encamped, and the Lord Precedent went to Castle-haven to view the Castle and harbour, not removing Captain Ga●en Harvie his Company (who had the guard thereof) from thence. The seven and twentieth the Army dislodged, 27. April. and the Lord Precedent with his Regiment drew to Baltimore, and the Earl of Thomond and Sir Richard Percy, with their Regiments drew to a Castle called the Old court, three miles from Baltimore, where (by reason of revictualling of the Army) we lodged two nights, in which time the Lord Precedent took view of the Harbour thereof, and was ferried over into the Island of 〈◊〉, where he likewise took view thereof, and sent to the Island of Clear, and the Sound between them not removing Captain Roger Harvies' Company thence, they being divided to guard the Castles of Donneshed, Donnelonge, and Cape-Cleere. The thirtieth the Army dislodged, 30. April. and drew to Carew Castle, built in ancient time by the Lord Precedents Ancestors, and by the Irish called Downe-marke, or the Marquis his house, being two miles distant from the Abbey of Bantry, where we sat down, aswell to give annoyance to the Rebels, as to tarry the coming of the shipping with victuals, munition, and Ordnance; at which place Captain George Flower with his Garrison (left there by the Earl of Thomond) f●ll in unto us. C●AP. III. Divers spoils done to the Enemy. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to the Spanish Canno●iers in Donboy. Captain Bostock and Captain B●rry sent to Sir Charles Wilmo●. A Digression of Sir Charles Wilmots' proceedings in Kerry. Divers Rebels slain. A traitorly Soldier hanged. A Ward put into C●rig●oile. The Castle of Lixn●w taken by composition. The Castle of Balli●ow taken, and the Knight of Kerry defeated. Castle Gregory and Rahane taken. THE first of May, 1. May. Captain Taffes troop of Horse with certain light foot were sent from the Camp, Preys taken from the Enemy. who returned with three hundred Cows, many Sheep, and a 〈◊〉 number of Garrans they got from the Rebels. The second Captain john Barry brought into the Camp five hundred Cows, 2. May. three hundred Sheep, three hundred Garrans, An other prey. and had the kill of five Rebels; and the same day we procured skirmish in the edge of their Fastness with the rebels, but no hurt of our part. The third Owen Osulevan and his Brothers, 3. May. A third preys Sons to Sir Owen Osulevan (who stand firm, and deserved well of her Majesty, being Competitors with Osulevan Bear) brought some fifty Cows, and some sheep from the Enemy into the Campe. The fourth, 4. May. Odalie was convented before the Lord President and Council, and in regard it was proved that he came from the rebels, with messages and offers to Owen Osulevan, to adhere and combine with the Enemy, which the said Owen did first reveal to Captain Flower, Sergeant Major of the Army, and after publicly justified it to Odalies' face; the said Odaly was committed to attend his trial at the next Sessions. This Odalies' Ancestor had the county of Moynterbary given unto him by the Lord Presidents Ancestor, many hundred years past, at which time Carew had to his inheritance, the moiety of the whole kingdom of Cork, which was first given by King Henry the second unto Robert ●its Stephen; the service which Odaly and his Progeny were to do, for so large a proportion of Lands unto Carew and his successors, was (according to the custom of that time) to be their Rhymers, or Chroniclers of their actions. The fifth and sixth, 5. May. the weather was so tempestuous, that we could not stir out of the quarter. The seventh, 7. May the Lord Precedent understanding that the Spanish Cannoneers were still in Donboy, as well in regard they were strangers, but especially to deprive the Enemy of their service; he wrote a Letter in Spanish unto them, to persuade them to relinquish the Rebels, assuring them, that they should not only come safe, and remain safely with him, but that he would embark them for Spain. This Letter by the means of Owen Osulevan, was delivered unto them; but as it appeared, they little deserved the favour proffered; for if they had pleased they might have made an escape: but at last when the Castle was taken, they paid the price of their inconsiderate obstinacy: The Letter (Englished) was thus. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to the Spanish Cannoneers in Dunboy. ●Hen Don juan de Aguila (General for the Spanish Army for his Majesty in Ireland) departed from the City of Cork, having a care of your safeties, requested me to favour you, saying, That contrary to your wills the Traitor donnel Osulevan (by force) held you in his Castle of Dunboy, there to serve him as Cannoneers: I now calling to mind his desire, (in the love I bear him, being so great a Captain, and so honourable a Person as he is) and in consideration of the promise I made him, do write this Letter unto you, promising (for the reasons before mentioned) that when I shall sit down (with my forces) before the castle (where you are) if then you will quit the same and come unto me, I will, by the faith of a Gentleman, and a Christian, make good my promise to Don juan de Aguila; not only to secure you in coming to me, and in the like safety to be with me, but also to relieve and supply your wants, and likewise at your pleasure, to accommodate you with a Ship, and my Passport, safely to pass into Spain, in such manner as hath been already accomplished to the rest of the Spaniards that are returned to their Country: This above written I am obliged by my promise to Don john to fulfil. But if you have a desire to find or receive further favours at my hands, you may with facility deserve it, that is, when you leave the Castle to cloy the Ordnance, or maim their Carriages, that when they shall have need of them, they may prove useless, for the which I will forthwith liberally recompense you answerable to the quality of your merit. Lastly, if there be in your companies any strangers, (English and Irish excepted) which are likewise by force held (as you are) these my letters shall be sufficient to secure their repair to me, and also to depart, as hath been before mentioned, conditionally, that you and they present yourselves unto me, before our Ordnance shall begin to batter the Castle of Donboy aforesaid: But if on your part default be made, I hold myself clearly acquitted of my promise made to Don john, and to be free from breach of faith on my part, and you ever after incapable of this favour of my promised offer. Return me your Answer by this Bearer in writing, or by some other in whom you have more confidence. From the Camp near Bantrie the seventh of May, 1602. To the Spaniards held by force in the Castle of Dunboy. The eighth, 8. May. the Lord Precedent sent forth three hundred light Footmen secretly by night through the Enemy's Fastness, Cap. Bostock and Captain Barry sent to Sir Charles Wilmot. under the command of Captain john Bostock, and john Barry, with commandment that they should make their repair to Ardentully, Mac Fi●nees house, and there join those Forces with Sir Charles Wilmotts Regiment; who being united, Terrill and the rest of the Irish Rebels, (who before had vaunted, that they would keep our Army from joining together, and lay in a place of advantage fit for that purpose) were so discomforted, as they did quit the strength they possessed, and sought only to avoid our Forces, but no way to resist or interrupt them. But now leaving the progression towards Donboy for a while, A digression of Sir Char▪ Wilmots' proceedings in Kerry. expecting fair weather and prosperous winds, to bring our provisions from Cork by Sea: We will by way of digression say somewhat of Sir Charles Wilmots' proceedings in Kerry, before his coming into our Camp: It may therefore please the Reader to understand, that the Army being risen from before Kinsale, the Irish defeated, the composition made with the Spanish General, and the forces returned to Cork▪ The Lord Precedent about the beginning of February dispatched Sir Charles Wilmot with a Regiment of one thousand and seven hundred ●oote in list, but by pole very weak, and a troop of Horse, into his former government of Kerry, not doubting but he which had the skill to cure the former rebellious diseases o● that Country, could also recure the residuation thereof: In his passage between Askeiton and the Glen▪ Hugh Mac S●●ne (with the Oconners and Oneales') possessed a place through which he must necessarily pass, whereof being advertised, he lodged short of the Wood an English mile, Divers rebels slain by Sir Charles Wilmot. and rising before day light, he assailed th●m in their quarter, where he slew t●elue of their men, took all their baggage and horses, with fifty of their Arms, and chased them three miles, but they were too swift of foo●e; had it not been for a Connaght man of the White Knights company, who purposely discharged his Piece to give them warning, whereat they took an alarm, they had been (as it was afterward confessed) all (to the number of two hundred) surprised sleeping: The Traitor A traitorly Soldier hanged. (as he well deserved) was hanged for his labour: The Castle of Carrigfoyle A Ward put into Carigfoyle. he found empty and ruined▪ nevertheless be left a Ward in it, and gave the charge thereof unto Captain Collum: when he came to the river of Cassan, which he passed the same day with some difficulty, being enforced to swim his horses: At which time john fits Thomas, young Captain Tirrell, Hugh Mac Swine, Owen Omaylie, Rori● Oconnor, Phelim O Connor, and Gerald fits Maurice, Brother to Fits Maurice the Baron of Lixnaw with five hundred foot and a few horse, assembled at Lixnaw near unto it, to have stopped his passage over the Cassan; Fits Maurice himself being then gone into Desmond, to persuade Donell Mac Cartie, Donell Osule●an, and William Burk●, to draw to the rest, to hinder his passage as aforesaid; but before they had knowledge of his being near unto them, he made such expedition as he was gotten over the River. And within a few days after, hearing that the Lord of Lixnaw was in Lixnaw Castle he marched thither, The castle of Lixnaw taken by Composition. and ere he was ●et down before it▪ Fits Morris fearing to be shut up in his Castle, although he had a strong Guard of five and forty good men well victualled in it, leaving his Brother for his Constable, he posted into Desmond to procure aids from Osulevan Bea●e, for the relief of the same: The Castle stands close to the rivers side, there being but a Pikes length of ground between them, which made the Ward negligent to have any store of water aforehand, thinking they might fetch it at their pleasure: Sir Charles having knowledge thereof, by a woman which came from them, he found the means to place a choice part of men upon that little plot of ground, whereby the Ward could get ●o water▪ in which attempt, Lieutenant Russell who served under Captain William S●●ey, and one Soldier was slain: The Ward by this means debar●ed of water, rendered the place upon composition, which Sir Charles yielded unto, that he might prosecute services of more importance. And being now come to Castle● mang●, wherein he had left a Ward before the siege of Kinsale, sent the one half of his Companies of horse and foot) into the Knight of Kerries country (who as the rest in those parts were relapsed into rebellion) to pray the same, and to drive the cattle (they should take) to the Dingle; and for their succours (if need required) himself with the remainder of his forces marched after them, as far as Ballyhow, ten miles from Castlemange, where he found the Knight of Kerry The Castle of Ballihow taken and the Knight of Kerry defeated. with one hundred of his own Followers, and two hundred Bonoghs, upon a bog not half a mile from the Castle, where the Knight had a Ward: To draw him to hard ground, in his sight a few men were apppointed to assault the Castle, himself with his foot and horse standing in a body without moving; the Soldiers fired the Castle door, and within three hours possessed themselves of it: The Knight all this while stood at gaze: the Castle being won, Sir Charles drew towards him, to procure him to fight, he finding the advantage of the ground he was in, where the Horse could not harm him, charged our troops: Sir Charles seeing himself engaged, and in danger if he should retreat, drew up his Colours to the head of his Pikes, and joined with the Enemy; it was long disputed whether should have the better, and with pike and sword, between them twenty were hurt and slain; the Horsemen seeing how doubtful the success was, valiantly and resolutely alighted from their horses, upon whose coming the Enemy fled, and were chased more than a mile, but their footemanship was too good for us, and in the chase very few of them were slain: in this Encounter Phelim Oconnor was killed, and all the Chiefs amongst them (the Knight excepted) were hurt▪ the next day Sir Charles leaving his foot at Ballihow, rode to the Dingle, at whose coming thither, numbers of people repaired unto him, humbly imploring her Majesty's gracious protection▪ The fifth of March he also took from the Knight of Kerry, Castle Gregory, Castle Gregory and Rahane taken. and the Rahane his chief manor house: And lastly hunting him as a Fox, (whose earth is stopped) pursued the sent so freshly, that he constrained him to a new covert, following the Lord of Lixnaw into the Mountains of Desmond. CHAP. four The forces which the Rebels had in Kerry in bonaght. The voluntary submission of donnel Mac Cartie. Sir Charles Wilmot required by the Lord Pre●ident to come to the Camp at Carew Castle. A great prey taken from Osulevan Moor's sons. The Knight of Kerry upon humble suit protected. Sir Charles Wilmot with the forces of Kerry, and the munitions and victuals from Cork arrived at the Camp then at Carew Castle. Munition and victuals sent by the Lord Precedent to the Lord deputy. Dermond Moyle Mac Cartie brother to Florence Mac Cartie slain. AFTER these good successes many of the Co●ntrey (as their manner is to take part with the strongest) submitted themselves unto the Governor, the principal amongst whom, was Dermond Osulevan, brother to Osulevan More, by whom he understood the force of the Rebels there, The forces which the rebels had in Kerry in bonaght. namely the Baron of Lixnaw, in his Country of Cla●morri●, had entertained William Burke with three hundred Bonn●ghs, the Knight of Kerry as many under Mac Cabs Sons, and the Mac Skynes, and donnel Mac Cartie (usurping again the title and posses●ions of Mac Cartie More, with the help of the Osulevans) gave bonnaght to Captain Tirr●ll with four hundred men, so that their forces were one thousand strangers. At this time Sir Charles Wilmot had certain traffic with William Burke, The Lord of Lixnaw banished out of Kerry. who seemed very desirous to become a Subject: The Governor required him to do such service, as might merit both his pardon and reward, which he yielded unto, yet with limitations, namely that ●ee would never betray the lives of any, but he would undertake to get into his hands all the prey of Kerry and Desmond, and deliver the one half to the Garrison, so that he might have licence to 〈◊〉 into Connaght with the re●t. The Governor in the interim of this intercourse surceased not to follow the prosecution of ●i●s Morris▪ and prevailed so well therein, that ●aving slain many of his ke●ne, and gotten all his Tenants into subjection, he banished him the Country of Clanmorris, and caused him to fly for his safety into Desmond: Hereupon donnel Mac Cartie, The voluntary submission of donnel Mac Cartie. who bore a good affection to the Lord Precedent (since his former submission) and relying much also upon the Governors' kindness, whereof before times he had good experience, without any capitulation or protection, came in his own person to Sir Charles, and brought with him five thousand Cows, besides sheep and garrans in great numbers: The Governor hereby perceiving his loyal simplicity, would take no advantages against him, but gave him all countenance and contentment that his place could afford. The Governor having cleared all Kerry, so that no Enemy was left upon his back, drew the forces towards Desmond about the middle of April, to pursue such Services as that Mountainous and desolate Country would permit him to effect▪ But by reason of the dangerous passages (the whole Country being nothing else but mountains, woods, and bogs) he thought it not safe to adventure any further than Listree, a Castle seated twelve miles within Desmond; whilst he remained there in camp, he received Letters from the Precedent, giving him to understand of his journey to Donboy, and how far he was proceeded therein, willing him to take the best order that he could for the speedy settling of those parts, that he might repair unto him (upon a day assigned) to Carew Castle. Sir Charles Wilmot required by the Lo. Precedent to come to the Camp at Carew Castle. The Rebels receiving also notice, that the Precedent was marched so near to the Country of Bear, withdrew themselves out of Desmond (as before) into Glangarve, whereby opportunity was offered to the Governor of performing some good service: For donnel Osulevan, Son to Osulevan More, a malicious Rebel, remained with great store of cattle, and certain Kern in juragh; which being made known to Sir Charles, upon the fifth of May he secretly dispatched a party of men, A great prey taken from Osulevan More his son. which burned and spoilt all the Country, and returned with four thousand Cows, besides Sheep and Garrans. The Knight of Kerry finding that the Queen's forces prospered so well, and that the Rebels were daily impoverished and distressed, sought in all humble and submissive manner for protection, promising the best security that could be devised for his future loyalty, The Knight of Kerry upon humble suit protected. which the Governor was the more willing to accept, because those parts should enjoy thereby a more quiet establishment during his absence with the Precedent. These things thus ordered, he only intended his meeting with the Precedents Army; many difficulties appearing to give impediment thereunto: for the Rebels knowing that these forces should join, and that there was no way for Sir Charles to march, but by the Abbey of Erillah, and so over the Mangart, a most hideous and uncouth Mountain, they plashed and manned all the places, straits and advantages thereof, giving forth, that they would set up their rest, and either kill, or be killed, before they would permit him to pass: But to proceed. The ninth, 9 May. the Lord Precedent went over into the Island, Whiddy, to take view thereof, and returned to the Camp that night, and the tenth road towards the mouth of the harbour, to see the entry thereof. The eleventh, 11. May. the Precedent drew forth all the Regiments, leaving only a competent number to guard the Quarter in his absence, and marched two miles from the Camp, beyond Carrig●esse, to the edge of the Strait, where Tirr●ll with the Rebels were lodged, to give disturbance to Sir Charles Wilmotts coming to the Camp, to the intent if the Enemy had given upon Sir Charles, he might give him Seconds: But the passage was quitted, and the Forces came through the same without any blow; and the very same day the Ships arrived in the Harbour, which brought about the Victuals, and Munitions from Cork, Sir Charles Wilmot with the forces of Kerry, & the munition and victuals from Cork arrived at the camp, remaining then at Carew castle it breeding great gladness to the Army, then being in so great want, as that we must have been enforced within two days to have returned towards Baltimore. The twelfth, 12. May. the Lord Precedent received Letters from the Lord Deputy by john Pavia his servant, whereby he was required to send a great proportion of Munition and Victuals out of his Province to his Lordship, Munition & victual sent by the Lord Precedent to the Lor. deputy. which he performed accordingly, and returned his man: The same day also the Hoy which brought about the Ordnance, and the Trinity, (belonging to james Goagh of Waterford) with the remainder of the Munitions and victuals, which was left for her Guard, both safely arrived at Carew Castle, where we still encamped. The thirteenth, 13. May. whilst we were thus detained by unseasonable weather, there was a notorious Rebel accidentally slain upon this occasion: The Precedent at his coming from Cork, had commanded all the Subjects in Kina●mecha, Kirrywherry, and Kinaley, to draw the cattle Northwards, into the plain towards Yoghall, and Castle●lyons, because if the Rebels should draw thitherwards, while he was at the siege of Donboy, they might not receive any relief from those parts, amongst the which Mac Cartie Reugh would not drive away his cattle, pretending to keep them secure from the Rebels, under the garrison of Kinsale; and indeed the reason was, because the principal Rebels in Carbery, being his dear friends, and near kinsmen, he did not stand in fear to receive any damage from them: But it fell out, that Dermond Moyle●Mac Cartie, Florence his brother, being distressed for want of victual for himself and his followers, having no other means to supply his wants, Dermond Moyle● Mac Carty, brother to Florence, slain. thought to make bold with his Cousin Mac Cartia for a few Cows, and therefore came amongst his Tenants with thirty men in his company, and seizing upon some part of their prey, offered to retire toward his Fa●●nesse. The Churls that attended those cattle, ray●ed the cry, whereupon some forty of the Country, with such furniture as ●ame next to ●and, speedily followed in rescue of their goods. The Rebels not fearing any Enemy, made no great haste away, and thereby being soon overtaken; these sought to rescue their prey, and they to defend them, in such sort, that in process they fell to a light skirmish, and not many shot made before one lighted upon the chief Rebel Dermond, and killed him dead in the place: which being known, it bred no less astonishment in the one party, then in the other, all the Country being equally grieved for the loss of such a principal Pillar of the Catholic Cause, and therefore conveying his corpses to the Abbey of Timoleg, was there interred by a Fryet, in great solemnity: Mac Cartie Reugh sent present Letters hereof to the Precedent, signifying the vigilant care, and unpartial regard that he carried against the Rebels, which his Lordship might well perceive by his service against his nearest kinsman, and the Precedent was content to give him thanks, although he knew how little he had deserved the same. CHAP. V. 〈…〉 THE 〈…〉 straits, as the Enemy being first possessed thereof, they might with the twentieth part of the force they had there, give annoyance and impediment to the greatest Army: for which and other reasons it was resolved by a general consent, that the Army should be transported over the Arm of the Sea, to the great Island, and from thence to pass to the Main. It was resolved in Council, that the army should be transported by sea to the great Island, & from thence to the Ma●n: The fifteenth, 15. May. the Traitor Tirrell sent two of his most trusty friends into the Camp, as Messengers to the Lord Precedent, The rebel Tirrell desired a parl●y with the Lo. President. to invite and pray a parley the day following with his Lordship, which he refused; then he desired that he might speak with the Earl of Thomond, which was granted at a place upon the edge of a River, about a mile distant from our Camp: And the same day Captain Taffe with his troop of Horse, All our horse were sent from the camp, & certain foot to guard Kinsale. all our carriage, gerrans and drivers, and one hundred choice foot, selected out of all our Regiments were sent back to the Castle ny Park to guard the Town of Kinsale, and the Ordnance there; Captain Hobbie, and Captain Skipwith being there before with their two weak Companies, not thought sufficient in this uncertain time to secure those places. The sixteenth 16. May. the Earl of Thomond, well attended, drew forth his Regiment, and went to the assigned place: but Tirrell failing to be there, excused by his former Messengers his not coming, by the approach of the evening, praying his Lordship's patience, promising there to attend his Lordship the next morning. The seventeenth, 17. May. the Earl the second time (according to promise) drew down to the appointed place, where Tirrell only made a show of his whole force on the other side the River, in the view of our Army, Tirrel failed twice to parley with the Earl of Thomond, & the cause why. but never came to the place where the Earl was, whose treacherous intent the Earl perceiving, and scorning to expect any other issue returned to the Camp: Tirrell as afterwards we understood would fain have gone to the Earl, but the jusuit Archer, Fits Morris, and donnel Osulevan would not permit him. From the seventeenth to the six and twenty nothing happened worthy note, only we were detained in our Camp with contrary winds, and with strange unseasonable and tempestuous weather. The six and twentieth 26. May. the wind turned fair, and the shipping drew forth, but immediately the weather proved so tempestuous, that they were constrained to return to their former road; and the same day a Sergeant of the Earl of T●omonds, Aprey taken with a party of his Company drew to Down-Manus, whence he brought a prey of threescore and six Cows, with a great many of Garrans. The seven and twentieth, 27. May. the eight and twentieth, the nine and twentieth and the thirtieth, we were detained with like contrary winds, and unseasonable fowl and stormy weather. CHAP. VI The Army dislodged from Carew Castle. The Regiments transported into the great Island. Teg Keugh Mac Maghon slain. The Castle of Donm●n●s surprised. A Spanish ship arrived. The conference between the Earl of 〈◊〉 and Richard Mac-Goghagan. The Lord President rides to the place where the forces were to land. The vigilant care of the L●rd Precedent. Two Regiments directed to land in the little Island, the other two to make to the Main. The Rebels deceived. The Rebel defeated, and Captain Terrell 〈◊〉. THE one and thirtieth, 31. May. the weather grew fair, and we took advantage thereof, and drew forth, which day our Army dislodged from Carew Castle, The Army dislodged from Carew Castle leaving our sick men (which were many) with a strong guard in the Island of Whyddy, and marched to Kilnamenoghe on the Sea side in Mountervarry, where we encamped that night. The first of june, 1. june. the Earl of Thomond and his Regiment were embarked for the great Island, The Regiments transported into the great Island. as also Sir Charles Wilmo●s and his Regiment, after whose departure, the Lord Precedent remooved his camp to a head-land, three parts whereof were environed with the Sea, and the rest was entrenched. The second 2. june. Sir Richard Percy and his Regiment followed the other two; and lastly the Lord Precedent with his landed in the great Island, where the other Regiments were formerly arrived. The Lord President being wearied with his long stay there, spending the time without advancing the service, for that the Hoy wherein the Pieces of Battery was, could not so well 〈◊〉 to windward as the rest, without which he could effect nothing of his intended service, sent Captain Slingsby aboard, (who had before been conversant in Sea-affaires) to use his best diligence in getting those vessels to the great Island near to the Castle of Donboy, which with towing the Hoy at the S●erne of the Trinity of Waterford, and other diligence used, he effected the service, and arrived at the great Island. The third, 3. june. T●g Ke●gh Ma● Maghon, Teg Ke●gh mac Maghon slain. a principal Rebel (in an Island adjoining to the Dorseys) was casually shot through the body by his own son, whereof he died the third day following. The fourth, 4. june. Owen Osulevan, and two of his brothers with a party of men, went to the Castle of Donmanu●, The castle of Donmanus surprised. which was held and guarded by the Rebels, which they surprised, and kept the same, killed four of the Guard, and took the prey and spoil of the Town. The fifth, 5. june. a Spanish ship arrived at the Bay of Camnarra, A Spanish ship arrived. near Ardea in Desmond. And the same day Richard Mac Goghagan A conference between the Ear. of Thomond, & Ric. Mac Goghagan. (being the Constable of Dunboy) came into the great Island, and spoke with the Earl of Thomond; but whether he were sent by the Precedents entreaty, to see whether he could persuade with Mac Goghagan upon promise of reward, to render the Castle to the Queen, or whether Richard Mac Goghagan did entreat the Earl, that he might have a Safeconduct to speak with him, I am uncertain, but of this I am sure, that the Earls meeting with him, was not without the Precedents knowledge and allowance: All the Eloquence and artifice which the Earl could use availed nothing; for Mac Goghagan was resolved to persevere in his ways, and in the great love which he pretended to bear unto the Earl, he advised him not to hazard his life, in landing upon the Main: for I know (said he) you must land at yonder Sandy Bay, where before your coming, the place will be so trenched and gabioned, as you must run upon assured death: The Earl disdaining both his obstinacy, and his vainglorious advice, broke off speech, telling Mac Goghagan, that ere many days passed, he would repent that he had not followed his counsel. The sixth 6. june. being Sunday, a foul and stormy morning, the Lord Precedent very early taking but one Footman with him, road two or three miles from the Camp, The L. Precedent road to view the place where the forces w●re to land. to the place where the Boats were assembled to pass the Army (which that day was to rise) over into the Main: The cause which moved him to be stirring so timely, was to view the landing place, which was less than half a mile from the place of the embarquing, from whence he might easily discern a low sandy Bay, between high ground, of a very little capacity, where the descent was to be made, which was entrenched and barricadoed with gabions of earth; in the which trench and behind the gabions, the enemies had placed there Musketeers, and their gross at hand, to give them seconds: But not contented with a view so far off, the Queen's Pinnace the Merlin, riding not far from him, he commanded Captain Fleming to pass him over into a little Island, called Donghe Irish, Donghe Irish. which lay between the great Island and the Main, and some part of it not twelve score from the sandy Bay aforesaid: When he came into the said Island, and taking an exact view of the landing place, and how the rebels Army lodged to forbid our descent, and the apparent danger he saw would ensue in the attempt, he rounded all the small Island, and at last he found a convenient place to land in the Main▪ and the same (by reason of a rising ground in the midst thereof) was out of the sight of the sandy Bay: The vigilant care of the Lord Precedent. presently he commanded Captain Fleming to land (out of his Pinnace) in the Island two falcons of brass, and hailed them upon their trunks to a place naturally form like a platform, and parrapetted with an old ditch, as if it had been fashioned to that purpose: In this place the Pieces were planted; from it to the Main land, it was not above one hundred paces; and although the distance from the sandy Bay to this place, was not four and twenty score, yet to come unto it was more than half a mile, by reason of a Gurt, or cleft Rock, made by the Sea; which ran up far into the land, which the Enemy must compass before he could come unto it: By that time that the Precedent had performed as much as he intended in the small Island, Two Regiments landed in the little Island. the Precedents and the Earl of Thomonds' regiments were embarked, and under sail, whom the Precedent (when they came near unto him) caused to land where he stood in the small Island, and drawing them to that end of the same which faced the sandy Bay to amuse the rebels, being not distant from them (as is said) a Musket shot, he form them into a battalion▪ and so stood firm confronting the Enemy, as if from thence he would pass them into the Main: Sir Richard Percy, and Sir Charles Wilmot with the rear Regiments (by this time) were likewise embarked. For you must understand that we had not Boats sufficient to transport all our Regiments at once, The two 〈◊〉 their Regiments landed in the Main. and they likewise made to the small Island, but in steed of landing in the same, the Precedent directed them to pass by the end of it (when he had placed the falcons) and to land directly in the Main; before the Rebels found themselves deceived, the two rear Regiments were landed, and form into order ready to fight; The Rebels deceived. then the Precedent drew his own, and the Earl of Thomonds' regiments to the boats, not twelve score from them, which the Rebels preceiving, and too late finding their error, in a disordered manner made towards our landing place, but before they could compass the fret, or cloven rocky ground as aforesaid, all our Army was landed: Nevertheless they came on bravely, but our falcons made them haut; our Vanguard made towards them, and a good skirmish ensued, which continued until the other Regiments came up, but then they broke, and ran faster than we could follow: upon the place eight and twenty of them was slain, whereof two were officers, and thirty wounded, whereof Captain Tirrell was one, The Rebels defeated and Captain Tirrell wounded. shot in the body but not deep enough: There was only two prisoners taken, and presently hanged, whereof a servant of james Archer (the infamous jesuit) was one, and with him his master's sword and portace: And if the jesuit himself had not been a light footed Priest, he had fallen into our hands, and yet as nimble as he was, he escaped with much difficulty, and besides him, great numbers of them would have passed the edge of the sword, had not they had a boggy Wood at hand, wherein they were sheltered: The loss of our side was only the hurting of seven men, but none of mark▪ the skirmish being ended, we lodged that night upon the same ground near unto Castle Dermond. CHAP. VII. The Spanish ship which arrived near Ardea brought Passengers, Munition, and Money to ●he Rebels. The distrib●ters and distribution of same of the money. A Letter from Owen Mac Eggan unto Richard Mac Goghagan at Donbay. A Letter from james Archer jesuit to Dominick Collins jesuit at Donboy. A Letter from john Anias to Dominick at Donboy. A Letter from john Anias to the Barr●n of Lixna● a little before hi● execution. WITHIN two hours after the skirmish aforesaid was ended, the Rebels had intelligence that there was a Spanish patach landed the night before at the haven of Kilmokilloc, not far from Ardea, The Spanish ship which arrived near to Ardea, brought passengers, munition, and money to the Rebels. in the Bay of Camnarra▪ she was purposely sent from Spain, to know the estate of the Castle of Donboy, whether it held still for the King of Spain; some Irish passengers was in her, namely a Friar james Nelane, a Thomond man belonging to Sir Tirlogh Obrian, who had the charge of the treasure; Owen Mac Eggan the Pope's Bishop of Rosse, and his vicarius Apostolicus, with Letters to sundry Rebels, and twelve thousand pounds, as the Precedent was credibly informed by one called Moylmurry Mac Edmond Boy Mac Swyny, than a Rebel, who saw it, besides munition, which did put such a fresh spirit into the Rebels, (who formerly were advising rather to break and disperse then to endure a siege) as they solemnly vowed to persevere in the defence of the Castle, assuring the Messenger (which they confirmed by their Letters) that they would hold the same until Michaelmas, within which time they prayed aid, which the Messenger confidently promised; for (said he) two thousand men were drawn to the Groin, before I departed thence: And the next morning being the fifteenth, he set sail for Spain, carrying with him Brian Okelly, and Donnagh Mac Mahon Obrian: The distribution of the money by appointment in Spain (as Moylemurry aforesaid affirmed) was left principally to the disposition of donnel Oulevan Bear, The distributers and the distribution of some of the money. Owen Mac Eggan, james Archer and some others▪ and Ellen Cartie, wife to Owen Osulevan then a prisoner with donnel Osulevan Bear, did see some part of that treasure disbursed in manner following. To donnel Osulevan Bear. 1500. li. To james Archer jesuit. 0150 To Donoghe Moyle Mac Cartie. 0160 To Finnin Mac Cartie. To Dermond Moyle, Florence his Brother. 0300. li. To Odonevan. 0200 To Sir Finnin Odrischall, and Conner his Son. 0500 To Conner Mac Nemarra. 0100 To Richard Blake. To the Lord of Lixnaw. 0100 To john fits Thomas. 0200 To O Conner Kerry. 0100 To the Knight of the Valley. To donnel Mac Cartie the Ba●t. 0400 Summ. 3710. li. And likewise the said Moilmurry, saw four great Boat loads of wine, munition, and money, taken out of the patach, and carried on shore by Osulevan Bear, into the Castle of Ardea; but how much munition was brought he did not know, part thereof was presently sent to Donboy, to encourage the Rebels in the Castle; Owen Mac Eggan wrote a Letter to Richard Mac Goghagan, which is here ensuing truly related, and an other written by Archer the jesuit, to Dominick Collins the Friar, and a third from john Anias, who conceived himself to be a good Ingeniere: All which Letters do here ensue. A Letter from Owen Mac Eggan to Richard Mac Goghagan at Donboy. MAster Richard, I commend me unto you, being very glad of the good report I hear of you, whereby I cannot but expect much (with God his assistance) in that lawful and godly cause of you: I am sorry, but it was my luck to confer with you, and with the rest of your company, and inform you of all the State of the matters of Spain▪ but upon my credit, and conscience, there is no piece of service now in hand in all Christendom for the King of Spain, than the same that ye have: How great it is to God, and necessary for our Country affairs you know: Moreover within few days you shall have relief of men come to help you thither out of Spain: the great Army of fourteen thousand men are forth coming, you shall all be aswell recompensed, both by God and by the King's Majesty, as any Ward that is in all the world again; have me I pray commended to all, and especially to father Dominick, and bid him be of good courage; there comes with the Army a father of the company an Italian, for the Pope his Nuntius, in whose company I came from Rome to the Court of Spain, and there he expects the Armies coming hither, he shall give all a benediction, yea I hope within your Castle there, spite of all the devils in hell: From the Catholic Camp this present Wednesday. 1602. Your assured Friend, Owen Hegaine. In my sacrifice and other poor prayers I will not fail, Postscript. but commend you and your good cause to God; our ship did arrive three days agone, and our Letters is come to the King by this time, Nisi Dominus custodierit civitatem, etc. A Letter from james Archer jesuit, to Dominick Collins, jesuit, at Donboy. YOur Letters of Thursday last came to our hands, but our disagreeing in some matters, makes to be slack in performing your desire, yet you must take better order for the premises; in the mean while, how ever becomes of our delays, or insufficiencies, be ye of heroical minds, (for of such consequence is the keeping of that Ca●tle, that every one there shall surpass in deserts any of us here; and for Noble valiant Soldiers shall pass immortal throughout all ages to come; for the better encouraging, let these words be read in their hearing: Out of Spain we are in a vehement expectation, and for Powder, Led, and Money, furnished: Now to come to more particular matters, understand that there are but two ways to attempt you, that is, scaling with ladders, or Battery: for scaling, I doubt not but your own wits needs no direction; and for Battery, you may make up the breach by night. The higher you raise your works every way the better, but let it be thick and substantial: raise of a greater height that work Captain Tirrell made, betwixt the house and the cornel: make plain the broken house on the South side: For firework direction do this, prime the holes, and stop in the balls with powder mixed through the material well, and some powder uppermost that shall take fire; the rest you know, as you have heard me declare there: by all means possible send me one Ball, and the rest of the Saltpetre. This in haste till better leisure: Camp this Thursday. Your loving Cousin, JAMES ARCHER. To Father Dominicke Collins, these in haste. A Letter from john Anias, to Dominick Collins, jesuit, at Donboy. BE careful of your fortifying continually, with a most special care raise in ●eight the West side of your Port; fill your Chambers on the South and North side with Hides, and earth; what battery is made suddenly repair it like valiant Soldiers; make plain in the South side the remnant of the broken houses; make ways out of the Hall to scour and cast stones upon the Port, and if the Enemy would attempt the like, dig deep that place we first begun, and a trench above to defend the same, as I have said unto you. Although we expect speedy relief out of Spain, yet be you wise to preserve the store of Victuals discreetly: Devise yourselves all the Invention possible to hold out this siege, which is the greatest honour in this Kingdom: with the next I shall prepare shoes for you: send me the cor● or long line, and the rest of the Saltpetre, withal the iron borriers, 〈◊〉 pieces in all. Salute in my name Richard Maghoghegane, praying God to have of his special Grace that care of your success. From the Camp, the 〈◊〉 of june, 1602. Your loving Cousin, john Anias. To Father Dominick, Beere-haven, these. In November following, this john Anias, (who in October was taken prisoner by john Berry, the Constable of Ca●tle Mange) was executed by Martial Law: Whether he was a Priest or no, it was held doubtful: The day before his execution ●e wrote this ensuing Letter to the Lord of Lixnaw. A Letter from john Anias to the Baron of Lixn●● a little before his execution. IN trust is treason: So Wingfield betrayed me; my d●ath satisfies former suspicions, and gives occasion hereafter to remember me; and as ●●er I aspire to immortallize my name upon the earth, so I would request you by virtue of that ardent affection I had toward you in my life, you would honour my death, in making mention of my name in the Register of your country▪ Let not my servant Cormock want, as a faithful servant unto me; let my Funeral and Service of the Catholic Church be observed for the Soul. here I send you the Pass, and Letter of that faithless Wingfield, having charged the Bearer upon his duty to God, to deliver this unto your hands. Osulevan was strange to me, but inures himself to want me. Commend me to Captain Tirrell, Oconnor, your si●ter Gerode Oge. This the night before my execution, the eight day of November, 1602. and upon this sudden I cannot write largely. Your loving Bedfellow sometimes, Ismarito. CHAP. VIII. The Lo. Precedent vieweth the Castle of Donboy. The Lord President finds good ground to ●ncampe in, and to plant the battrey contrary to all men's opinions. Two Spials of the Rebels hanged. The Artillery landed. The Camp entrenched, and the Artillery drawn into the Market place. Our Approaches begun. The Island of the D●rsies taken, and in it divers Rebels slain and taken prisoners besides Artillery, Munition, and much other spoil. The Rebels taken in the Dorsies executed, and the fort razed. Captain Kingsmill maimed with a shot. An attempt of the Rebels given on our Campe. Sir Samuel Bagnall brings Letters to the Lord Precedent from the Lord Deputy, and from Don juan de Aguila. A fair escape. The Artillery planted before Donboy. Donboy battered and a breach made. The breach assaulted. Divers of the Rebels slain in seeking to escape by a sally. Others slain in the water. The Lord Presidents colour's placed on the top of the Castle, but the Vault st●● maintained by the Rebels. Sundry Rebels voluntarily yielded themselves. The remainder made election of a new Captain, whose resolution was extraordinary. A battery made upon the Vault. The restrendered themselves. A desperate resolution of Richard Mac Goghagan. Eight and fifty Rebels executed, the rest reserved for a time. The whole number of the Ward in Donboy. The loss we received in the siege. Captains, men of quality and others wounded. Artillery, Munition, and spoils gotten in the Castle. The eighth 8. junij. we planted two Falcons taken ●ut of the Queen's Pinnace, upon a point of land, on the North side of 〈…〉, hard by our Camp, which beat upon the Enemy, who were then carrying of turf, and earth to advance thei● works: And the same day, the Hoy was brought a ground, and too Culverings un●●hipt, and put into boats, Two Spials of the Rebels hanged. and two spies sent by the Enemy into our Camp were taken and hanged: 〈…〉 The Ordnance was not possible to be 〈◊〉 from the place where we landed, unto the place where we made our Qua●●er, but there was a small Creek very near unto the Castle of D●●boy, which being once entered into, they might ride in safety, b●ing then covered with a hill between them and the Castle, but all the way of their coming thither, was open to the play of the Ordnance of the Castle, until they were within that Creek, whose mouth was not above forty yards distant from the Castle: The Precedent commanded the Ordnance to be shipped into Boats, and to carry them into that Creek, which by the help of dark nights, and still rowing, was effected undiscovered: But the Cannon and Culverings were of that weight, that no Boat there could carry them, and none durst adventure in the Hoy to carry them by night. In this difficulty Captain Slingsby did desire the Precedent, that he would commit that to his charge, and give him but thirty Shott, and he would (by God's grace) carry that Ordnance by day light into that Creek, or sink by the way, if his Lordship would please to adventure the Ordnance; which was accepted and performed the same day without the loss of any man, though many shot were made from the Castle: for he had placed all his Shot in the hold upon the Ballast, so that the Deck was breast high above them, so that they had only their Pieces and head and shoulders above the deck, to play with their small shot, and he that steered the Hoy, might be in safety, (which much concerned the effecting of that service by his safe conducting) he placed him in the hold, and ordered it so, that with two takles be might steer the Hoy either to Starboard, or to Port, as he was willed above by the Captain, who stood aloft by the Mizzen Maste to order her course as he saw cause: but it was so fine and fresh a gale of wind, that though they sailed above half a league in play of the Ordnance and small shot of the Castle, yet she made that way, that they could not above twice discharge and lad their Ordnance, before she attained the Creek, where she was then in security from any further annoyance of the Castle. The eleventh, 11. junij. we entrenched our Camp, mounted our Ordnance, and drew them all into the market place; The Camp entrenched, and the Artillery drawn into the market place. and the same day about eight of the clock in the evening, the Lord Precedent gave direction to have a Demy Culverin drawn within shot of the Castle, which made but two shot that night, and was withdrawn: The Spanish Cannoneers finding the shot, willed the Irish to be of good courage, for that Piece would do them no harm: He also caused two Minions to be landed out of the Queen's ship, and placed them upon a point of ground on the Northwest side of the Castle, which overlooked it, The approaches were begun to be made. to annoy the Rebels; whilst we were about our work, the same night we began our approaches: the care whereof the Precedent imposed upon Captain Francis Slingsby, a discreet and dexterous Gentleman, making him Trenchmaster, who performed with commendations the charge which was laid upon him, having all the day before employed a great party of men to the Wood (which was a long mile and half distant from the Camp) to fetch more wattle, to make Gabions, and was constrained to send a strong guard with them for their defence: This day the Enemy out of the Wood made a sally upon some of our guards, but were immediately repulsed. The t●elfth 12. junij. of the same, understanding that the Enemy had fortified the Island of the Dorsies, The Island of the Dorsies taken, and in it divers rebels slain and taken prisoners, besides munition, artillery, and much other spoil. and carried thither three Pieces of Spanish Ordnance, and placed a strong Ward of foulzie choice men in the same, reserving that as their last and surest refuge: The Lord President made special choice of Captain john Bostock, and sent him with 〈…〉 to Sir Francis Barkley) and gave them (as also to Captain Thomas Fleming, who had command of her Majesty's Pinnace) secretly in charge; (that now whilst their Army was occupied in besieging Dunboy, and making their trenches and approaches, and the Enemy secure from any suspicion, that we would give any attempt else where) that they should presently take her Majesty's Pinnace and four boats, and put into them one hundred and sixty foot men, and set sail for the Island of the Dorsies, which charge they affected accordingly, and arrived there with the forces early the next day in the morning, and being on land drew to the North point of the Island, where they found the walls of a ruined Chapel; Captain Bostocke under the safety thereof lodged Lieutenant downing's, and a party of men, and then returned aboard the Queen's Pinnace, to give direction what he would have done, and thence took the Boat of the Pinnace and ●owed about the Island, to discover a fit landing place for himself, and the rest of his Soldiers, then coming back to the Pinnace (so soon as the tide served) caused the Pinnace to warp up nearer the place, and apppointed thirty Soldiers and a Sergeant to attend her, and sent unto Lieutenant downing's a shore, advising him, that at the very instant that he should land in the East part of the sort, that he should give an attempt on the North side: Then he divided his men into three Boats, and the Pinnace beating upon the ●ort with her Ordnance; he and Lieutenant downing's (at the other two places first agreed upon) assailed the uttermost fort, which after a good defence made, their resolution and valour carried it, and there they possessed themselves of three Iron Pieces of the Spanish Ordnance, and forced the Rebels into their second fort, where they entertained a good fight for the space of two hours: But our men being encouraged with their first good fortune, gave on them so eagerly, as the Enemy amazed rendered themselves, and presently all the weaponed men came forth, and delivered him possession of the fort, which earth upon them. The Precedent glad to see them past danger, laughing, said, That if they had been as good Mechanical Cannoneers, as they were Commanders, they would have stood firm as he did. Also this day a whole Culverin was drawn out of the Camp, and certain shot was made; the Bullets being found, the Gunners liked it not, and began to fear their success. The day following, the whole Culverin having been formerly withdrawn, certain shot was made out of the Demy-culvering aforesaid; Upon sight of the shot they much rejoiced, supposing that our Culverin had received some mischance, and scorned at any offence we could do them. The sixteenth, 16. june. the Gabions, Trenches, and Platforms were finished, and in the night the Demi-canon, The artillery planted bef●●e Donboy. and the two Culverings were drawn down, and planted against the Castle, within 140 yards. The seventeenth, 17. june. about five of the clock in the morning, our Battery consisting of one Demie-cannon, two whole Culverings, and one Demy-culvering, began to play, which continued without intermission till towards nine in the forenoon, Donboy battered. at which time a Turret annexed to the Castle on the South-west part thereof, was beaten down, in which there was a Falcon of iron placed, upon the top of the Vault, that continually played at our Artillery, which also tumbled down; with the fall of that Tower, many of the Rebels were buried therein: That being ruinated, the Ordnance played on the west front of the Castle, which by one of the clock in the afternoon, was also forced down; Upon the fall whereof the Enemy sent out a Messenger, offering to surrender the place, if they might have their lives, and depart with their Arms, and a Pledge given for the assurance thereof; Nevertheless they continued shooting all the while the Messenger was coming between them and us, whose Message being delivered, the Lord Precedent turned him over to the Marshal, by whose direction he was executed; And then the Breach being in our appearance assaultable, A breach made. the Lord Precedent gave commandment to have it entered: Whereupon the Captains of the Lord Precedents Regiments, which were commanded by Captain Henry Skipwith, Lieutenant Colonel thereof, who were to give the assault, and cast the Dice for the point, and who should give seconds; and it fell to Captain Dodingtons' chance, and to be seconded by Sir Anth. Cook their Lieutenants, Francis Kirton, and Thomas Mewtas, to give on first, & the rest of the Regiment to second them. The Earl of Thomonds' Regiment was to second the Lo. Presidents, and during the assault, the two Regiments of Sir Richard Percy, and Sir Charles Wilmot, were commanded to stand in Arms in the market place, aswell to assure the Camp, as also to answer all other occasions; all things being thus disposed of, Lieutenant Kirton according to the direction, The breach assaulted. giving on first, in entering the breach was at the push of the Pike, on the top of the same; who although he received three shot and hurt in the right arm, yet with valour and resolution he kept the place and made it good, till Lieutenant Mewtas came up to his second, and both they, until the Lord Precedents colours and the rest did climb up, and placed their Ensigns upon a turret of the barbicon, reinforced with earth and faggots of great thickness, unto which was added a large spur on the South west part of the Castle, of the height of sixteen foot, as in like manner all the Turrets and Curtains of the Barbicon were reinforced, at the top whereof they barricadoed themselves with barrels of earth, and at the first approach there was within it, some of the Enemy with a Falcon of Iron, whom our men forced to quit the place, and to retreat themselves into a Turret adjoining upon the South side, which was rampiered with earth some sixteen foot high; flanking the first, it being well manned, and therein a Demy Culverin and a Saker of brass, loaden with hail shot; the one whereof they presently discharged upon our men that were possessed of the South-west Turret and Spur, and going to lad her again, their Gunner was slain at his Piece; whereupon they being for the present deprived of the use of those Ordnance, and the place we possessed playing directly into it, they were forced to retreat under the safety of the East part of the Castle, which was standing, where the Enemy had placed Pikes at the corners of the walls, to receive them; (the way between it, and the Curtain of the Barbicon, being but six or eight foot broad, which passage they so well defended, as we could neither annoy them, nor go betwixt the two Turrets aforesaid, without disadvantage and apparent danger of great loss, where the shelter of the wall, and the narrowness of the passage deprived both us and them of all use of shot, and there for the space of an hour and a half, it was disputed with great obstinacy on either side; the Enemy still making good defence, and beating with shot and stones upon us, from the stairs and likewise from that part of the Castle, which stood from the top of the Vault, and from under the Vault, both with pe●ces and by throwing down stones, Iron bullets and other annoyances, wherewith many of our men were slain and wounded, and we oppressing them in all those places by all means we might, and still attempting to get up to the top of the Vault by the ruins of the breach, which was maintained by the Enemy, as we were divers times forced down again: And whilst in each of these places, our men were thus employed, Captain Slingsbies' Sergeant who had gotten to the top of the Vault of the South-west Tower (by clearing the rubbish thence) found out that the ruins thereof had made a way, that leads to a spike or window that looked into it, and commands that part of the barbicon of the Castle, which the Enemy possessed and defended (he having been there two hours before he discovered the same,) by which passage our men making their descent to the Enemy, and gaining ground upon them, they being then in desperate case, some forty of them made a ●alley out of the Castle to the Sea side, diverse of the rebels slain, in seeking to escape by a Salley. whither our men pursuing them on the one side, and they being crossed by Captain blundel with a small party of men (on the out side of the Barbi●on) on the other side we had the execution of them all there (saving eight which leapt into the Sea to save themselves by swimming: Others that recovered the river, were slain in the water. But the Lord Precedent supposing before that they would in their extremity make such an adventure to escape, had apppointed Captain 〈◊〉 Harvie, and his Lieutenant Thomas Stafford, with three boat● to keep the Sea, He which pulled the Ear, of Ormond from his horse (when he was taken prisoner) was slain. who had the kill of them all, other three leapt from the top of the Vault, where our Soldiers killed them, amongst which a notable Rebel called Mellaghlen Moor, (being the man that laid hands first upon the Earl of Ormond, and plucked him from his horse, when he was taken prisoner by Owhny Mac Ro●ry) was slain. After this, the courage of the Enemy decreasing with their Numbers, and not able, nor daring to make such defence as they did before, we gave a new Assault to the top of the Vault, where having a difficult ascent, the shot from the foot of the Breach giving good assistance, (after some hour's assault and defence, with some loss of both sides) we gained the top of the Vault, The L. Presidents Colors placed on the top of the castle, but the vault was still maintained by the rebels. and all the Castle upwards, and placed our Colours upon the height thereof, the whole remainder of the Ward being threescore and seventeen men, were constrained to retire into the Sellors, into which we having no descent, but by a strait winding stony stair, they defended the the same against us, and thereupon upon promise of their lives, they offered to come forth, but not to stand to mercy. Notwithstanding immediately after, a Friar borne in Yoghall, called Domnicke Collins, who had been brought up in the Wars of France, and there under the League had been a Commander of Horse in Britain, (by them called Captain Le Branch) came forth, and rendered himself, the Sun being by this time set, and strong guards being left upon the Rebels remaining in the Cellar, the Regiments withdrawn to the Campe. The eighteenth 18. june. in the morning, three and twenty more likewise rendered themselves simply to Captain blundel, Sundry of the rebels voluntarily yield themselves. who the night before had the guard, and after their Cannoneers being two Spaniards, and an Italian (for the rest were slain) likewise yielded themselves: Then Mac Goghegan chief Commander of the place, being mortally wounded with divers shot in his body, the rest made choice of one Thomas Taylor, The remainder of them made election of a new captain, whose resolution was extraordinary. an English man's Son (the dearest and inwardest man with Tirrell, and married to his Niece) to be their Chief, who having nine barrels of powder, drew himself and hit into the Vault, and there sat down by it, with a light match in his hand, vowing and protesting to set it on fire, and blow up the Castle, himself and all the rest, except they might have promise of life, which being by the Lord Precedent refused; (for the safety of our men) his Lordship gave direction for a new battery upon the Vault, A Battery made upon the vault. intending to bury them in the ruins thereof, and after a few times discharged▪ and the bullets entering amongst them into the Cellar, the rest that were with Tailor, partly by intercession, but chiefly by compulsion, For fear of b●ing buried in the ruins of the vault, the rest of the rebels rendered themselves. (threatening to deliver him up if he were obstinate;) about ten of the clock in the morning of the same day, constrained him to render simply, who with eight and forty more being ready to come forth; and Sir George Thornton, the Sergeant Major, Captain Roger Harvie, Captain Power, and others entering the Vault to receive them, Captain Power found the said Richard Mac Goghegan lying there mortally wounded (as before) and perceiving Tailor and the rest ready to render themselves, A desperate resolution of Mac Goghegan. raised himself from the ground, snatching a light Candle, and staggering therewith to a barrel of powder (which for that purpose was unheaded) offering to cast it into the same, Captain Power took him, and held him in his arms, with intent to make him prisoner, until he was by our men (who perceived his intent) instantly killed, 58. executed, the rest of the Rebels reserved for a time. and then Tailor and the rest were brought prisoners to the Campe. The same day fifty eight were executed in the Market place, but the Friar, Taylor, and one Tirlagh Roe Mac Swiny, a follower unto Sir Tirlagh O Brian, and twelve more of Tirrels chief men, the Lord Precedent reserved alive, The whole number of the Ward in Donboy. to try whether he could draw them to do some more acceptable service than their lives were worth: The whole number of the Ward consisted of one hundred forty three selected fight men, being the best choice of all their Forces, of the which no one man escaped, The loss we received in the siege. but were either slain, executed, or buried in the ruins; and so obstinate and resolved a defence hath not been seen within this kingdom. On our part we lost in the place Thomas Smith, Captain Francis Slingsbies' Lieutenant, and some others; many of our men were burnt with Powder and Fireworks, Captains, men of quality, and others wounded. which the enemy cast amongst them as they were in fight: Men of note hurt, Captain Dodington shot with two Bullets in the body, but not mortal, his Lieutenant Francis Kirton shot in the arm and thigh, divers 〈…〉 CHAP. IX. 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 The services propounded to Tirrell he refuseth. 〈…〉 The reasons of his refusal he would never: upon which answer this twelve Men (before respited) two days after were executed. The cause wherefore he so suddenly swar●ed from his first promise of service, was the hopes which he received by Owen Mac Egan the Pope's Bishop of Rosse, lately arrived at Ardea, in the Bay (as aforesaid) of Cla●marrah. The Precedent therefore perceiving that they conceived great hope of Spaniards, advised the day following with the chiefs of the Army, what course was best to be taken with the Castle of Dunboy half ruined, who were all of opinion, that a Garrison which should be left there could not defend themselves, or give any great annoyance to the Spaniard, if they should fortune to land there; for being so remote from all Seconds and succours, were avoidable left to ruin: And besides (though the Spaniards came not) the service that they could do in that Country, would not countervail Her Majesty's charge in maintaining them: Therefore they resolved to bestow the Powder which was recovered in the Castle to blow up the same; committed to the charge of Captain Slingsbie. The two and twentyeth, 22 junij. the Castle of Dunboy was accordingly blown up with Powder, the outworks and Fortifications utterly destroyed, The Castle of Donboy blown up with powder. Tirrells men which were respited, executed. and the same day Lieutenant downing's, with our men and Boats returned from the Dorses to the Camp, as also twelve of Terrills chief men, formerly spoken of, were executed. But Tailor, and Dominicke Collins the Friar, were carried Prisoners to Cork, where being found by due proof, that Taylor was one of the principal murderers of his Captain, George Bingham at S●igo, besides an infinite number of other foul and traytorly 〈◊〉, he was shortly after without the City of Cork (not far from the North Gate) hanged in chains; and the Friar, in whom no penitence appeared for his detestable treasons, nor yet would endeavour to merit his life, either by discovering the Rebel's intentions, (which was in his power) or by doing of some service that might deserve favour, was hanged at Youghall, the Town wherein he was borne. The same day also all our carriage and baggage laid aboard, at the entrance into our boats, because we were not able to carry the Cows, Horses, and Mares which we had taken, being at least six or seven hundred heads, the Precedent commanded they should be killed, which was performed. The three and twentieth 23. junij. we shipped our whole Army back from Dunboy, who all arrived that day in the great Island, The Army shipped and transported into the great Island. and from thence the Earl of Thomond, and Sir Charles Wilmot, and both their Regiments were transported by shipping to Killaminog, being the place we encamped in (as we went) in Mainterbaie. The same day the Lord Precedent was advertised by Lieutenant Saunders, that he had taken a great boat belonging to Teg Mac Connor Odriscall, brother to Connor Oge Odriscall, The Downings taken. of the Downing, wherein there was slain Dary Mac Connor his brother, and three more of his best men, and that two days after, he took the strong place of the Downing, which is seated upon a high rock in the Sea, disjoined from the land, so as there is no coming unto it, but over a little draw bridge of wood, resembling the seat of Dunluce in Ulster. The four and twentieth 24. junij. the Lord Precedent, and Sir Richard Percy with their Regiments were embarked, a●d they arrived in the evening at the Island of Whiddy, where we had no means for want of boats to unship our men, and the night approaching were enforced to leave our two Regiments a shipboard, and the Lord President lay that night in the Island. The five and twentieth, 25. junij. the Earl and Sir Charles with their Regiments marched by land from Killaminog to the old camping place at Carew Castle, whither when the boats came to us, we unshipt the remain of the Army, and there we encamped all that night. The six and twentieth, 26. junij. the Companies required by the Lord deputy were assigned, and commanded to prepare themselves and attend Sir Samuel Bag●all till he brought them to his Lordship: and the same day the Castle of Leam●con Lea●-●on Castle taken. near Crook haven which the rebels warded, was recovered from them, by an officer and party of men, of Captain Roger Harvies' Company. The seven and twentieth, 27. junij. the Earl of Thomond, and Sir George Thornton were embarked in the Queen's Pinnace, to go for England, and the Army dislodged from Carew Castle, and marched to a place in the Mountain called Becarien Eltagh, where we encamped that night. The eight and twentieth 28. Iun●j. the Lord Precedent departed thence, taking the Captains and Officers of those companies that were to go into Ulster, along with him, that they might perclose their accounts, and dispatch all things at Cork, against their Companies should come thither, and by the way the Castle of Lettertinlesse, The Castle of Lettertinlesse taken and burnt. belonging to Conogher Sir Finnin Odriscals Son, where the Enemy had a ward of seventeen men; after some defence made and shot discharged, when they saw the Army draw before the Castle, they sued for their lives, which granted them they yielded it up; and after the Soldiers had made pillage of the goods, we burned and destroyed the Castle, and stone hall, and rod thence to Tymolagg, leaving the Army behind us that night in Rosse. The nine and twentieth the Lord Precedent went to Kinsale, 29. junij. and took view of the fortifications at Castle-Parke, and gave order and direction for the better forwarding and ending of the works there, and thence road that night to Cork, The Lord President returned ●o Cork. appointing the Companies that were to depart the Province, to march the shortest way, and to lodge at Downdanyer, donnel Mac Cartie Reughes Castle, and the rest to come to Kinsale. The thirtieth, 30. june. those Companies which were to go with Sir Samuel Bagnall came to Cork, The Companies sent for by the Lord Deputy delivered over to Sir Samuel Bagnall. and had their supplies delivered them, with order for their present departure. The first of july 1. julij. the Captains that were to go along with Sir Samuel Bagnall, spent the day in staying for their sick men, which were coming after, and preparing themselves for their journey; and the day following they arose all from Cork, and marched thitherwards. The Precedent in his return from Dunboy (as is said) passing through Carberry where many were still in action, not doubting but now they would have submitted themselves, seeing their supposed impregnable Citadel was destroyed, and Dermond Moyle Mac Cartie their Ante-●ignane slain, he found it much otherwise, for those which before offered to do service for their pardons, stood aloof, The confidence which the Irish had of supplies from▪ Spain, made them obstinate. and those which before were distracted, and prepared to fly either to Spain or Ulster, had received new life, and made fast combinations to hold out, till their expected aids from Spain should arrive; yea and some also who before were Subjects, and forward to give the best intelligence, did now palpably bewray both by their countenance, their words, and their actions, that their hearts were otherwise affected: All which alteration did arise from the arrival of Owen Mac Eggan so often mentioned, who not only bestowed the Spanish treasure, which he brought with him bountifully amongst them, but put them in hope of more, with full assurance of a fresh Army to come to their succours; his credit, the feeling of a few ducats, and his persuasions so prevailed, as they verily believed, that they should within a few months, be so reinforced with Spanish aids, as to be enabled to drive the English our of Ireland. CHAP. X. Supplies of a thousand Foot sent out of England for Monster. Sir Charles Wilmot with his Regiment sent into Kerry. james Archer, and Con●or Odriscall fled into Spain. Sir Owen Mac Carties sons revolt. Divers Castl●s taken in Carbery by the Garrisons there. The description of Beare●haven. The description of Baltimore-haven. The description of Castle haven. The Spanish hostages licenced to depart. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to Don juan de Aguila. THE Precedent being come to Cork, Supplies of a thousand foot from England for Monster. he found Sir Edward Wing field with a thousand supplies lately come forth of England, all which were disposed in the weak Companies that came from Dunboy; in the taking whereof, and the marching thither with the return, ten weeks were consumed, many men lost by the way, and by sickness very much weakened: Notwithstanding so many of the Army, as were above the old List of Monster were presently sent to the Lord Deputy by Sir Samuel Bagnall, who came for them (as aforesaid) whilst the Precedent was at the ●iege of Dunboy; Sir Charles Wilmot with his Regiment was sent again into Kerry Sir Charles Wilmot with his Regiment sent into Kerry. (which Country having therein great store of Corn and Cattle, would otherwise have been left open to the Rebel's relief) with direction to remove all the Inhabitants with their goods and cattle, over the Mountain into the small county of Limerick, and such Corn as could not be presently reaped and conveyed (as aforesaid) he was commanded to burn and spoil the same; the reason whereof was, forthat the Precedent having occasion of service near the heart of the Country, as you shall hereafter hear; and also receiving daily intelligence of a great Army provided in Spain, did not think it safe nor convenient, to empoly so great a part of his forces in places so remo●e, considering that good and strong Garrisons were needful in the chief Cities of the Province, which otherwise would be open to the Enemy that should attempt them. But in effecting hereof, the Governor found great difficulty; for the harvest (by reason of that winterlike summer) was very backward, and (besides the Irish) the Bishop of Kerry, and certain English families, which had of late planted themselves there (whose whole estate consisted in that Summer's profit) importunately solicited some longer stay: The Precedent being acquainted herewith, unwilling to give any just occasion of grievance to the Irish, and loss to the English, consented to tolerate their stay for the present, requiring the Governor (in the mean while) to put in execution such services upon the Rebels, as occasion might minister: The fifth of july, james Archer the jesuit, and Connor Odriscall, the eldest Son of Sir Finnin Odriscall, 5. jul. having gotten a small Brake fled into Spain. james Archer and Conner Odriscall fled into Spain. The two Captain Harvies' were le●t at their old Garrisons in Carberie, Captain Roger at Baltimore, the Lord Presidents Horse there, Captain Gavin at Castlehaven, the Lord Barries Company at Litter●onlesse, the Treasurer's Company, at the Abbey of Strory, Captain Stafford at Old Court, Captain Slingesby at the Church of Shadone, where they wasted and foraged the Country, as in a small time it was not able to give the Rebels any relief, having spoiled and brought into their garrisons the most part of their corn being newly reaped; from whom the Precedent was certified that the Carties of that Country did daily relapse, Sir Ow●n Mac Carties sons revolt. insomuch as Don●a● Moyle Mac Cartie, and Finnie his Brother, with their followers, (who attended the Precedent at the Siege of Dunboy (had received three hundred pounds Impress, from Owen Mac Eggan, (commonly called the A postolicall Vicar) in the name of the King of Spain: They I say upon the tenth of july 1602 joined with the Rebels; 10. july. but in the end they could not greatly vaunt of their win, for Captain Roger Harvy got several Draughts upon them, whereby he took their▪ preys, and had the kill of many of their men▪ besides he took from them divers Castles strongly seated, near unto the Sea, where Ships might safely ride, and fit places for an Enemy to hold, as namely, the Castle of Donmanies, Leam-con▪ Donnegall, the Downing, Rancoliskey, Divers Castles taken in Carbery by the Garrisons. and Cape Clear, and in a word, all that stood upon the Sea cost, between Dunboy and Castlehaven, except only the Castles of Kilkoe and Cloghan. But because we have had often occasions in this relation to speak of the three famous Harbours of Beerehaven, Baltemore, and Castlehaven, it seems to me necessary in this place to speak something more particularly thereof, according to an exact view taken by the Lord Precedent, and by him remised to the Lords of Her Majesty's Privy Counsel. First therefore, the Haven of Beer is fituated twelve Miles to the Northward of that Promontory, The description of Bear-haven. or fore-land (so well known by the name) of Mys●enhead, or Caronhead▪ That which we properly call Beere-haven, is the Sea which entereth between the great Island (before mentioned) and the Main, or Country called Beer, or Osullevans Country: At the entrance of the Harbour, it is not above a Musket shot over, I mean from the Castle of Dunboy to the great Island, being entered; the Tides are slack, good Anchorage, and convenient places to bring ships on ground, smooth water, five fathoms deep at low water mark; towards the North end it groweth much larger, at the least a league over, and of capacity sufficient to contain all the Ships of Europe. The great Island and the Main as aforesaid makes the Haven, which Island is seven miles in length, at the South end whereof it joineth with the Bay of Bantry: When Donboy was unruined, it commanded this spacious and goodly Haven, which affords no small profit to Osulevan ●eare, whilst his Castle was standing: for the coast yields such abundance of Sea fish, as few places in Christendom do the like, and many Ships, whereunto at the season of the year, (I mean at the fishing time) there was such a resort of Fishermen of all Nations, as Communibu● A●nis, (although the duties which they paid unto osulevan was very little) yet at the least it was worth unto him five hundred pounds yearly. The second of these Harbours nominated, is Baltimore The description of the haven of Baltimore. called by the Spaniards Valentimore, which is likewise caused by an Island called Innisherkan, two leagues to the Eastward of Cape-cleere, the Havens mouth (at the South end of the Island aforesaid) ten fathom at low water, but exceeding narrow, by reason of a great Rock that lieth in the same (always above water) which being within half Calliver shot of the better shore, giveth good opportunity to secure the port; after you are entered, there is a pool about half a league over, where infinite numbers of ships may ride, having small tides, deep water, and a good place to Carene ships; at the other end of this Island (with good pilotage) a ship of two hundred Tun by day may safely come in, but by reason of many ●uncke Rocks, that lie in this entrance, it is not possible for the best Pilot in the world (by night) to assure his entrance. The Precedent for the safety thereof, thought it mere to erect Blockhouse● there, which undoubtedly he would have done, if he had continued any longtime in Monster, being so exceeding dangerous to fall into the hands of a powerful Enemy, as it would be a work of much difficulty (after it were once fortified) to displant him, besides an Enemy there seated would command the best part of Carbery, the soil whereof is good, whereby he might furnish himself with victuals at easy rates. The last, The description of Castle haven. and indeed the least of these three Havens, is Castlehaven, by the Irish called Glanbaraghan, renowned for that memorable Sea fight (lately acted there) by Sir Richard Lewson against Pedro de Zubiaur (commonly called Suryag●) the Spanish Admiral: the passage into the Harbour is so narrow, that a ship of great burden, especially in a storm, cannot safely enter, and being entered, there is no great space for any number of ships to ride in; but for all other commodities like to the Havens before mentioned, for there is eight faddomes at low water mark, the Castle aptly commands every part of the Harbour, but the grounds round about it, so commands the Castle, as it can by no reasonable charge be made teneable against the Cannon: but to proceed. When the composition was made with Don john de Aguila, for the rendering of Kinsale, among other Articles it was agreed, that the Spaniards should be shipped away in English or Irish Bottoms, and for the safe return of the Ships into Ireland, there was three Spanish Captains (as is formerly declared) left in Cork as Hostages: The Spaniards being all safely arrived at the Groin, and the Ships returned, the Lord Precedent according to the Composition, set the Pledges at liberty, The Spanish Hostages licenced to depart. and having provided a Bark for their transportation, he wrote unto Don john de Aguila, which letter (Englished) was as followeth. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to Don juan de Aguila. ACcording to the agreements made at Kinsale, between the Lord deputy and your Lordship, these two Captains, Pedro Suaço, and Diego Gonzales Sigler, (which remained in Cork Pledges for the security of the Ships, and the Subjects of the Queen my Mistress, which transported the Spaniards to the Groin, are now in this passage in a Ship called the Marie of Cork) returned into Spain: The third Pledge Don Pedro Morijon, went with the Lord Deputy to the City of Dublin, from whence (as I understand) he is departed into his own Country. Now the agreements which were made between the Lord deputy and your Lordship is on either part fully accomplished; your Lordship's Letter of the second of April I have received, but the Wine and Fruits came not to my hands: Nevertheless I acknowledge myself much obliged, and render your Lordship humble thanks for your favours, and especially in that I am retained in your memory▪ the occasion I did not receive them, was my being at that time at the siege of the Castle of Beerehaven, which I thank God is taken, as also many others possessed and held by the Rebels, and the Defendants of them chastised, as appertaineth to Traitors: Your Lordships Present unto me was delivered by the Messenger to the Lord deputy, he conceiving that it had been directed to his Lordship, whereof I am extreme glad, and am as well satisfied with it, as if it had come to my own hands, for the love I bear unto his Lordship, is no less than unto myself: I am much grieved, (and at nothing more) then to see that this Country produces not any thing worthy to be presented to your Lordship, that I might in some proportion manifest in what esteem I hold the favour of a man of your quality, Honour, and Merit. If Ireland may yield any thing which may be to your Lordship's liking▪ you may be assured that your Lordship hath power (at your pleasure) to command both it and me: So being ready to do your Lordship all the possible service I may, the differences between our Sovereigns reserved, in the which both your Lordship and all the world shall evermore find me to be a true Englishman, and a faithful servant to my Queen and Mistress: I recommend your Lordship to God, beseeching him to preserve you. Cork, the thirteenth of july, 1602. Muy Illustre Sennior. Beso las Manos de V. S. So Servidor, GEORGE CAREW. CHAP. XI. The taking of the Castle of Dunboy was the cause that the Army prepared in Spain for Ireland was stayed. Two thousand supplies of foot were sent out of England for Mo●●ster. john fits Thomas his practice to deceive the Lord Precedent▪ but failed. A false rumour of a Spanish fleet on the Coast of Monster. Sir Samuel Bagnall with his Regiment commanded to stay in Monster. THE Precedent daily received advertisement, aswell by some of the Country that had conference with Owen Mao Eggan, as also by Merchants and their Agents out of Spain, which did all agree in one, that succours being prepared and ready to embark for Ireland; The taking of Donboy was the cause that the Army which was prepared in Spain for Ireland was stayed. (understanding the loss which the Rebels had received in Beer, and the Castle of Dunboy razed, where they purposed to secure their landing) new directions were brought from the Court of Spain to the Earl of Carra●ena, Governor of the Groin, to stay their proceedings in the voyage, till the King's pleasure were father known, but yet the Army was not dissolved: the examinations sent by the Lord Precedent into England to the Lords, were found to agree with the intelligence which was sent to her Majesty out of Spain; wherefore to prevent what danger hereby might ensue, it pleased her Majesty to take present order, that the fleet of ships, some her own, and some Merchants, that had been upon the Coast of Spain (the most part of all the Summer) should be revictualled, and lie off and on▪ in the height of Cape-finister, till towards Michaelmas; that if they proceeded in the intended invasion, either they might fight with them at Sea, or at least follow them to such Harbours of Ireland, where they should arrive, and there distress them▪ but he happy success in the siege of Dunboy altered the Spanish Counsels, for now they had no place in Ireland that held for them: Nevertheless the coming of new forces from Spain for Ireland, being still doubted, there was sent from England two thousand foot for the supplying of the List. By this time Sir Charles Wilmot, 2000 Supplies of Foot for Monster. as he was directed, was come out of Kerry, and all the Subjects with their goods and Cattle, were drawn on this side the Mountain of Slewlogher, whereby the Bonnoghs that had lived these five months, principally upon Osulevan Bear, (and by that means eaten him up) began to consult about leaving of the Province, there being no man now in action that was able; (for the Carties in Carbery had been so much wasted and impoverished by the two Harvies') as though their hearts were good, yet their means failed them to uphold a war, or any long time to hold them together: Therefore john of Desmond, brother to the Sugan Earl, (prisoner in the Tower of London) laboured Terrill very instantly, to take Bonnaght of them in Connilogh, and for that purpose had inveighled Morris fits Thomas, called the Lord of the Clenlis to deliver unto him the strong Castle of Glancoyne, the custody whereof (to save her Majesty's charge) had been committed to him the year before, and because no suspicion might be conceived of the said john fits Thomas practise, joh. fits Thomas his practice to deceive the Lo. Precedent, but failed in the same. he now became a suitor by james Walsh (who had been his brother's Secretary) for a protection, desiring, as he pretended, to become a Subject upon these conditions: First, if his brother james (the titulary Earl) might be set at liberty, he would be content to become a Pledge for him, either in the Castle of Dublin, or else where the State should appoint; which being refused and rejected, he offered to do service, so that he might have his pardon, and some means to relieve him in the future: But as the Precedent would not be drawn to accept any of these conditions; so it was thought he would have flyen back if they had been accepted: But all this Negotiation was but to colour his practice laid for Glancoyne, which Castle and the Fastness near adjoining would have commanded a great part of that Country. But all these juggle were discovered by one V. B. whom the Precedent without suspicion maintained amongst them: Wherefore he sent Philip Northcot, the Sheriff of the County of Limericke, with private Instructions, to surprise both Maurice fits Thomas, and the said Castle, but either to take both (at one instant) or to meddle with neither. The Sheriff watching many opportunities, and not speeding of his purpose; the Precedent to prevent future danger, committed the custody of the said Castle to Sir Francis Barkley, and so disappointed the Rebels of that hope. About the latter end of this month of August, a rumour was generally divulged through the Province, A false rumour of the Spanish fleet, on the coast of Monster. that the Spaniards were upon the coast, and that certain Ships were discovered from the old Head of Kinsale, and presently after that four and twenty sail were arrived at Bearehaven, and hereupon you might see Horsemen galloping this way, and that way, to and fro, with such signs of gladness & apparent joy, as though the day of their deliverance were near at hand; but as it fell out, this was but a false alarm, the Ships that were descried being a Fleet of Easterlings bound to the Southward. The Precedent hereby discerning with what assured hopes they apprehended their coming, and with what glad hearts they should be welcome, (being come) he became an earnest & humble suitor to the Lord Deputy: That Sir Samuel Bagnals Regiment lately called out of Monster, Sir Samuel ●agnal with his Regiment commanded to stay in Monster. (by his Lordship's Command) might with his favour be returned again. The Lord deputy taking an honourable care of that Province, finding by his own intelligence, that the Spaniards were purposed to make their descent, either in Monster, or in the parts of Connaght, (not far disjoined) condescended unto the Precedents request, whereupon the said Colonel with his Regiment were directed to Limrick, there to remain in Garrison. During the siege of Kinsale, there was a young Gentleman of the Carties, called Teg Mac Cormock, son to that well deserving Gentleman, Sir Cormock Mac Teg, who being of the Precedents Troop of Horse, through the enticements of the Rebels, and promises of the Spaniards, was induced to combine with the Enemy, and stealing away his Horse and Hackney, entered into action; But the success of his Confederates not proving so fortunate (as they hoped) he grew weary of the Rebellion, and made himself a Suitor to the Precedent to be received to mercy, as may appear by his Letter here ensuing. CHAP. XII. A Letter from Teg Mac Cormock Cartie to the Lord Precedent, entreating the remission of his offences. Cormock Mac Dermond Cartie accused of sundry treasons. Cormock Mac Dermond committed. The Castle of Blarny in the custody of Captain Taffe. The Castle and Abbey of Kill●rey rendered to the Lord Precedent. Mocrumpe besieged. Cormocks' Wife and Children imprisoned. Cormock Mac Dermond plotted his escape. A Letter from Teg Mac Cormock Cartie to the Lord Precedent, entreating the remission of his Offences. RIght Honourable, my duty most humbly remembered; Having long forborn, though thereby disquieted in mind, and ashamed of myself to send unto your Honour: Yet presuming upon her Majesty's mercy and your favour, I have made bold to become a Petitioner to your Honour, that it may please you to admit me thereunto, and to forgive and forget my faults, considering they were not malicious, but youthful, and not of pretence to hurt her Majesty or her Subjects, but in hope to recover against my Cousin Cormock Mac Dermody, some means to maintain my decayed estate, and still likely to be suppressed by his greatness, who will by no means give me a portion of Land to live upon, as was promised upon the delivery up of Kilcrey by your Honour, wherein as of the rest, I do again humbly beseech your favour, and so as with a repentant and penitent transgressor of the Laws, I do humbly submit myself to her Majesty's grace, and will endeavour myself hereafter by my good deeds and services, to wipe out the memory of my former follies: Expecting your favourable Answer, I most humbly take my leave. From Carrigifuky this ninth of june, 1602. Your Honour's most humble to command, Teg Mac Cormock Cartie. The combination lately by Cormocke contracted with the Priest Owen Mac Eggan, being manifestly proved by several witnesses, subject to no Exceptions, the Gentleman Porter, (called Master Ralph Hammon) was commanded to bring the Prisoner before the Precedent and Council, which were assembled at Shandon Castle, who making his appearance, was charged with the several Treasons afore recited, who insisted very much upon his justification, pretending that those accusations were injuriously devised, and slanderously suggested by his Enemies, especially for the last Article concerning the Conspiracy with the Priest Mac Eggan, (which indeed was so cunningly and secretly carried, as he supposed, that it was rather presumed then proved against him; He renounced all favour and pardon, if it would be justified by lawful testimony. The Precedent replied, that this was the only matter of substance that he was charged withal, the former being pardoned since the perpetrating thereof, being only inducements and presumptions whereby they were the rather moved to give ●are and credit to the latter accusation: But he still persisting in his Innocence, was at last urged with this Dilemma, namely, that either he should confess his fault, and so entreat her Majesty's mercy, or else in token of his loyal and guiltless heart, he should deliver unto the State his Castle of Blarney, upon condition, that if the fact whereof he was charged, were not evidently proved against him, the said Castle should be redelivered to him or his assigns by a day apppointed. At first he seemed very inclinable to the motion, but in process it was perceived that he intended nothing but juggling and devices; wherefore a Warrant from the whole Body of the Council, was directed to the said Gentleman Porter, straightly charging and commanding that he should be kept in irons closer than before, until he should demean himself in more dutiful conformity; And besides, they appointed Captain Taffe, (in whom Cormock reposed much trust) to persuade him to surrender the said Castle into the Precedents hands, undertaking upon his credit, to retain the same, and all the goods in it, or near thereunto, belonging either to himself or his followers, from loss and danger, either by Subject or Rebel. Cormocke at last finding that the Precedent was resolved either to make him bend or break, caused his Constable, (though much against his will) to yield the said Castle to Captain Taffe, The Castle of Blarney in the custody of Captain Taffe. so that no other (whatsoever) might have the charge or custody thereof. The Prisoner besides the Castle of Blarney, had two places (kept by his Dependants) of good importance to command the Country; the one an Abbey called Kilcrey, distant from Cork six miles, and the other a Castle called Mocrumpe, sixteen miles distant from Cork; the former situated upon the South, and the latter upon the North side of the River of Lee. The Castle and Abbey of Kilcrey The Castle and Abbey of Kilcrey rendered to the Lo. Precedent, but the Castle of Mocrumpe was detained from him. was rendered to Captain Francis Slingsbie, sent thither by the Precedent; But Mocrumpe seated in the heart of Muskrey, and environed round about with woods and bogs, could not be gotten without the countenance of an Army; therefore the Precedent sent first Captain Flower, and afterwards Sir Charles Wilmott, with competent numbers of Foot and Horse to lie before it, until such time as they might gain it by Sapp or Mine, Mocrumpe besieged. or by some other stratagem, as time and occasion should minister opportunity. During this siege the Precedent cast about for his wife and children, Cormocks' wife & children imprisoned. and having gotten them likewise into his hands, confined them within the walls of Cork. These things thus accomplished, the Precedent dispatched Letters both to the Lords of her Majesty's Privy Council of England, and also to the Lord deputy and Council of Ireland, relating unto them the apprehension of Cormocke, and the reasons inducing him thereunto, desiring also to receive their Lordship's pleasures for his further proceedings in this business; but before answer could be returned, an unfortunate accident unexpected altered the whole platform of this intended service: For Cormocks followers had plotted his escape, and likewise to procure Cormock Oge his eldest son, Cormock Mac Dermond plotted his escape. (who was then a Student in Oxford) to be conveyed secretly out of the University, and to be brought into Ireland, or as some thought to be sent into Spain; for effecting whereof, john O Healy, one of Cormocks old thieves, was (the next passage) to be sent into England: Advertisement hereof was brought to the Precedent, who for preventing of both these Designs, first sent for the Gentleman Porter, delivered unto him at large the great prejudice that should arise to her Majesty's Service, if the prisoner should escape, that the Queen's charge, and his own pains and laborious travel, were all frustrated: yea if the Spaniards should arrive (as they were expe●●ed) the whole kingdom of Ireland should receive hazard and prejudice by it: Wherefore he charged him upon his duty to the State, his allegiance to her Majesty, and in the love he bore unto himself, that he would be no less careful of his safe keeping, then of his own life, which in some sort depended thereon: Answer was made by Hammon, that his Lordship should not need to trouble his mind with any such imaginary doubts: for if shackles of iron, walls of stone, and force of men, (for he had certain Soldiers allowed him for a Guard) could make him sure, then should the Prisoner be forthcoming, whensoever the State should be pleased to call for him, and for john O Healy, the Precedent held a watchful eye over him but it was not thought good to make stay of him until he should be aboard the ship, that such Instructions and Letters as should be sent by him, might with himself be apprehended, whereby the whole circumstance of these plots, and the chief Agents therein might be discovered: to make short, the wind was fair, the Master hasteth aboard, the Mariners and Passengers purposing to set sail the next tide; amongst the rest john O Healy unregarded (as he thought) is also on shipboard, but he was much deceived in his opinion, for presently a Messenger sent from the State, found him in the hold; when he began to search him for his Letters, he making show to deliver them willingly (upon a sudden) threw both his Letters and money into the Sea; which although it did plainly demonstrate apparent guiltiness, yet could he never afterwards be wrought to confess either the contents of the one, or the sum of the other, pretending ignorance in both, whereupon he was committed to the common Goal. But let us leave Cormock for a while with the Gentleman Porter, and his man in the Goal, and speak of other accidents and matters of State, which at this time were handled. Upon the second of September, 2. Septemb. the Lord Precedent received Letters from the Lords of the Council, wherein they signified unto him, how well her Majesty and themselves liked of his services performed in Monster, with many other things worthy to be remembered, which importeth me in this place to relate the true copy of the original Letter. CHAP. XIII. A Letter from the Lords of the Council to the Lord Precedent. Instructions for Captain Harvie to write into Spain. A Letter written by her Majesties own hand to the Lord Precedent. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to her Majesty. A Letter from Captain Harvie to Pedro Lopez de Soto, the S●anish Veador. A Letter from O donnel to O Connor Kerry. A Letter from Don juan de Aguila to the Lord Precedent. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to Don juan de Aguila. Captain Harvies' Passport sent to the Vead●r. The Lord Presidents Passport for Captain Edny into Spain. Spanish intelligence sent from Master Secretary Cecil to the Lord Precedent. The Lord Presidents opinion sent to Master Secretary of a defensive war in Ireland. A Letter from the Lords of the Council to the Lord Precedent. AFTER our very hearty Commendations: We have (according to our duties) imparted to her Majesty your dispatch of the seven and twentieth of july, who hath conceived so great liking of your proceedings, as she hath commanded us to take notice of the same, in the most gracious terms that our own heart could wish, being likewise most desirous that the Army (under you) as well in general, as those Gentlemen and Officers in particular, who have so valiantly exposed themselves to danger (as appeareth by your particular relation) may know, that they have ventured their lives for a Prince, who holdeth them so dear, as if she could preserve her estate and them, without the loss and hazard of them, there is nothing which she possesseth (of her own) which she would spare to redeem their trouble and danger. It remaineth now that we acquaint what is done by her Majesty, to prevent the purposes of the King of Spain, wherein we cannot but much commend the apprehension you take of those advertisements you have, and the judgement you use in applying the same, for the safety of that Province, the defection whereof, as we are sorry to find by so understanding a person as you are: So do we hope when it shall appear (as it doth daily in all parts of Ireland) that God doth bless her Majesty's Army against the Rebels, and that the King of Spain shall find himself not so at ease, as to employ any Army there in haste, that, that lack of duty and ingratitude (which doth now live in them) will either dye in itself, and turn to the contrary, or else that God will (as he hath begun) confound them in their own malicious inventions: It is very true, that her Majesties own advertisements do confirm, that a Pinnace of fifty Tun, was sent with some of Odonnels Followers, and some treasure, to assure the Rebels of an Army to come into Ireland, which Pinnace being once put to Sea, was forced back again to Vinera, but they parted thence again within three or four days after, which is the same that landed at Ardea, whereof your Letters make mention: We have also assured advertisements that her Majesty's fleet, (being kept on the Coast) hath much hindered the Spanish designs, not that they were fully ready to come forth, but because the fleet kept their preparations from drawing to a head, for this next month is the time, which is the fittest for them to put to Sea, if her Majesty's fleet do not hinder them: For which purpose, though now most of her ships (being long at Sea, and come in with the carack, yet they are going out again with all possible speed. You shall further understand, that her Majesty hath been acquainted of the Letters of compliments, between Don john and you, the Copies being sent over by the Deputy, by Sir Oliver Saint-Iohn, whereof you now send the original. At which time, he sent her Majesty his own and kept no counsel, that ●ee had intercepted your great bribe: we have also seen the Letter of Soto, to Captain Harvie, Instructions for Captain Harvie to write into Spain. and the Passport of whose conference (from which Passport also proceeded) her Majesty conceiveth that you may make some good use for her service, in this form following: Where it doth appear by Odonnels Letter to O Connor Kerry out of Spain, that he is desirous to understand the State of Ireland; but so as if thee be any bad, it may be concealed from the Spaniards; Captain Harvie may in requital of the Veadors courtesy towards him use this freedom (of a Gentleman) though an enemy, to let him see how much the King of Spain is abused by the Rebels, who seek to engage him upon false hopes, and conceal just causes of doubts, for which purpose he shall send him Odonnels own Letter, which he cannot deny, and withal in any case (it being well over●eene by you) make him a relation of the successes of her Majesty's Army; now if it may be said, that they will think this Letter is aposted, and take this to be a fineness in Harvie; the worst that can come, is, that this good may ensue: That under colour of sending that to him, there may some person go in the ship, who may discover what preparations there is in that place; for the better colouring whereof, he may reply, that where he hath sent him a Passport for the safe conduct of any person whatsoever, he should send to negotiate in the matter (which passed between them in conference) that he looked rather to have received from him, (who was the Propounder of the same) with so great affection, some such overture from that side, as might have given him foundation to break with the Deputy, or yourself, to send over to her Majesty about it, for which purpose he may offer him, as good a Passport for any of his Messengers, as he hath sent to himself, it being very great reason that such a motion should proceed from that side rather, which hath opened itself with greatest violence, then from any of her Majesty's ministers, who have in steed of their malicious attempt, performed all offices of honour and humanity. And so much for answer of that point. For your opinion concerning such places as are fit to be fortified, her Majesty doth very well approve the reasous whereupon the same is grounded, being such indeed as aught to sway her Majesty's judgements either one way or other; for as it is true, that charge is well forborn which draweth with it peril, so it is a double danger to spend in any place, where safety followeth not such a charge: And therefore if you do continue in the mind, that Baltimore is like to be of greatest use to the Enemy, both in regard of the Haven itself, and of the Country adjoining, and that some such Fortification may be raised as may command the Haven, without any great charge, her Majesty is content that you do proceed; Otherwise if you do think that whensoever any forces shall descend, that the place so fortified cannot hold out for any time, than her Majesty doth like it better, both there and elsewhere, that those Castles which you do win from the Irish, seated upon the Sea, be utterly demolished, rather than to be left for the Rebels to nestle in at their first arrival, and easier to be furnished by them for their great advantage. In which point of Fortifications, because you may ●ee the temper of her Majesty's mind, that useth mean in all things, and knoweth when to spend, and when to spare, in both which never Prince was so little subject to private ●umour, either one way or other, further than stood with the safety of her state and people, over which her care is rather to be admired then matched: We do send you an extract of her own Letter to the Lord deputy, how he should govern himself in that point, whereof we fear you have not yet had notice, in respect that the distance between you and him, is well near the longitude of Ireland. For the Artillery which you have taken, if you find them necessary for that Kingdom, she is well pleased that they be detained, as well to serve for a scourge to them that brought them, (if again they renew their attempt) as to prevent the inconveniency and charge of their transportation hither▪ But if you find them not necessary for that place, but that Iron may do as good service, you may transport them in some of the Victuallers, when they do return from that Province; And so we do commit you to God's protection. From the Court at Greenwich this eighteenth of july, 1602. Your very loving Friends, Thomas Egerton. C. S. Nottingham. Robert Cecil. Thomas Buchurst. john Stanhope. john Fortescue. At the same time also he received a gracious Letter written by her Majesty with her own hands, which multiplied his comforts, thinking all his laborious endeavours to be fully recompensed, in that they were so graciously accepted. A Letter written by her Majesties own hand to the Lord Precedent. Your Sovereign, E. R. MY Faithful George, how joyed We are, that so good event hath followed so toilsome endeavours, laborious cares, and heedful travels, you may guess, but We can best witness; and do protest, that your safety hath equalled the most thereof: And so God ever bless you in all your actions. Not many days after the receipt of this gracious Letter, the Precedent in his next dispatch into England, wrote unto her Majesty this Letter following. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to her Majesty. SACRED MAJESTY, IF I could sufficiently express the joy which my heart conceived, when I beheld a Letter written by your Royal hand, and directed unto me, (who in your service have merited little, though in zeal, faith and loyalty equal to any) your Majesty would not in your more than abounding Charity, mislike your pains, having thereby raised the dejected spirit of a poor Creature, exiled from that blessing which others enjoy in beholding your Royal Person, whose beauty adorns the world, and whose wisdom is the miracle of our age. Gracious Sovereign, three years are now almost fully expired, since my employment (into this kingdom) took his beginning; during which time, rest in body and mind hath been a stranger unto me; and overwearied in both, I do most humbly beseech your Majesty, (if this Realm be not invaded from Spain, whereof in a few days true judgement may be made) to grant me leave, but only for two months this Winter to attend you in your Court; which small time of respiring, and at that time of the year, can be no hindrance to the Service, and yet sufficient to relieve my mind, and enable my body, which now is not so strong (as I could wish) to do● your Majesty that service I ought. Ireland is destitute of learned men of English birth, and with Irish Physicians (knowing the good will they bear m●●) if they were learned I dare not adventure: The longer I am without remedy, the less, and the less time I shall be able to serve you: But as I am your Majesty's Creature, so I do submit the consideration of my humble and just suit to your Princely consideration, at whose Royal feet, and in whose Service I am hourly ready to sacrifice my life. From your Majesty's City of Cork the nine and twentieth of September. 1602. Your Sacred Majesties most humble Vassal and Servant, GEORGE CAREW. After the Precedent had received their Lordship's instructions (in their Letters afore mentioned) he framed an answer for Captain Harvie, written in French to the Veador; and also a French Passport, the copies whereof Englished, I think it meet to relate, and with them the Letter from Odonnell, formerly touched by their Lordships. A Letter from Captain Harvie to Pedro Lopez de Soto, the Spanish Veador. SIr, after your departure it pleased God to visit me with such extreme sickness, as all my thoughts were fixed upon another life, supposing that my days had been determined: By reason whereof, together with my feebleness and absence, I had not the means to acquaint the Lord Precedent, with the passages betwixt us until now, that the time prefixed in your Passport is almost expired, which I could not by any means remedy: Sir I have of late received a Letter from you, dated the ninth of April, 1602. by the which I perceive, that you are desirous that I should send a Messenger, to give you a taste (as I conceive) concerning the discourse which passed between us, which truly I would willingly have done, if I had not been visited with sickness: But now finding by the opinion of all men, that his Majesty is resolved to continue the war against the Sacred person of my Sovereign: Although in my heart (as a Christian) I wish a firm unity between their Majesties, the which by their Ancestors hath been so long time (to the comfort of their Subjects) religiously continued: Yet now understanding of the great preparations which the King is in making, for the invasion of her Majesty's Dominions: I confess I am not so passionate for the peace as I was, and I have no reason to make any overture of your discourse to the Lord Precedent, there being so little probability of a peace to ensue: Wherefore if you think it good, that the matter we speak of, should be set on foot, because you were the first mover of it (wherein you manifest your zeal) I pray you to write unto me, that I may understand, whether his Majesty will give ear to a peace or no, whereof you need not be scrupulous to speak freely, since you see by experience, that when your design did give us cause of revenge, we did entreat you with honour and humanity: when I shall know your answer, I will deal effectually with the Lord Precedent; with whom aswell in kindred as in affection, I have such interest as you have heard, and of whose worth and sufficiency you have been well informed, assuring you that if he will put his hand unto it, it will much advance the business: I am not in despair of his inclination to a peace, if by your answer he may perceive, that you proceed roundly: I marvel much that his Majesty and the Lords of his Council, lends their ears so much unto this traitorly barbarous nation, who from their Cradles have been nourished in falsehood and treasons, masking (of late) their actions under the veil of religion, whereof the truth is, that in their hearts they have neither fear of God, nor faith to men: And that from henceforth you may not be blinded, and see their fraud, wherewith they beguile his Majesty, unto whom they protest sincerity. I do send you here enclosed a Letter signed by the hand of the Traitor Odonnell, written to a friend of his in this Province of Monster, called O Connor K●rry, which was found in the Castle of Beerehaven, the which by her Majesty's forces (under the conduct of the Precedent in person) was within the space of seven days taken and razed, and the Rebels put to the sword, their Companions with all their forces lodging near unto them, but (according to their custom) they durst not second nor aid them, but left them to destruction: By the which Letter you shall see (as clear as the day) how this Traitor Odonnell only tempers a bait to deceive the King your Master, like unto all the rest of this nation, who do but temporize to work their advantage by it: To relate unto you truly in what estate these Rebels live at this present, howsoever they may protest and dissemble their affairs, or write from hence, I protest upon my soul, that Tiron● works all he may to be received into the favour and mercy of our Sovereign, and that all the Lords and Chiefs of the North that followed him on the day of the rout at Kinsale, and others of those parts have submitted themselves to the Lord deputy, and for security have put in their Pledges for their future loyalties: And Tirone (with his weak Troops) have been so sharply prosecuted, that as a fugitive (being enforced to quit his own Country) he seeks out Coverts, Bogs, and Woods; The Lord Deputy without impeachment passes from place to place, and holds all Ulster in subjection: The other Provinces of Leinster and Connaght, are reduced to obedience, and the Province of Munster (where I remain) is so much at the commandment of the Lo. Precedent, as if he would receive to mercy all the Traitors that seek to be received, and promise to live as good subjects, there would be no rebels left; And amongst others, Osulevan, who hath given you the best assurance, and of whom (as I think) you have most confidence, doth daily make suit to be restored to the Queen's favour, and this I assure you from the mouth of the Lo. President. Moreover (as the vulgar can inform you) the Precedent absolutely commands in this Province, and the traitors (whose requests he rejects) are so few and so weak, as they live like unto wolves and foxes, flying from one place to another, only to assure their lives, which kind of life cannot long endure. But if the King your Master will persevere to aid these poor traitors, you shall see us (when you shall enterprise it) in better point than we were, it not being in your power to surprise any Port or place of importance; and if it be your chance to come hither in person, you shall find it to be true, whereof in my particular (in regard of the honour I bear you) I should be exceeding sorry. The Bearer hereof Walter Edney my Lieutenant, whom you know by sight, in his fatherly love to his dearest Son, whom he placed in the service of Captain Pedro Enriques de Tejada, lately deceased, hath entreated the Lord Precedent to licence him to see his son, to the end that he might supply his necessary wants, for default whereof he may otherwise perish; which occasion I willingly embraced, whereby I might write unto you, & by that means receive your answer, beseeching you to extend your favour unto him, during his abode in Spain, I will do the like for all such as depend upon you, if they shall happen to arrive in this Kingdom. And to the end that I might the more fully know your answer, and have the better means to treat the more effectually in these affairs, which are of such consequence, I pray you to send one from you well instructed, that I may bring him to the Lo. Precedent, which will much advance the business you desire. And as you have given me a Passport for such as I should send unto you, (whereof by reason of my sickness I could make no use) I do send you the like here enclosed, which shallbe of force until the end of February 1602: Even so Sir, being ever ready (my allegiance to my Sovereign excepted) to do you all friendship & service, I pray God to preserve you in health according to your own desire. From Cork the 17 of September. 1602. Yours affectionately to do you Service, Roger Harvie. A Monsieur, Monsieur Pedro Lopez de Soto, Veador general for his Majesty of Spain, deliver these at the Groin. Sir, I had forgotten one thing, which is to pray you to afford your favour to my Lieutenant, that he may vent his Merchandises transported thither, and return others, which he carries only by the means of Traffic, for the defraying of his charges. I will do the like for any of yours that you shall send hither. Roger Harvye. A Passport of Captain Harvies' sent to the Veador. I Roger Harvie, Captain of a foot Company, and Governor for her Majesty of Castle-haven and Baltimore, etc. For certain causes concerning her Majesty's service, I do give this free Passport to such ship and Messenger as Don Pedro Lopez de Soto (Veador general for the King of Spain) shall send into this Province of Monster in Ireland, between the date of this present, and the last of February 1602. And if it shall happen that any of her Majesty's ships, or any other of her Subjects, shall meet with the said Ship, or that by force of wind they shall be enforced upon the Coast of England, or into any part within the Realm of Ireland: In her Majesty's name I pray and require every of tbem, that they may be friendly entreated, and that the Messenger without any impediment, may b●● permitted to have free recourse unto me, and to vent their merchand i●e, being requisite for the Queen's service: Dated at Cork the seventeenth of September, 1602. Roger Harvie. To all Admirals, Vi●eadmirals, Governors, Magistrates, and Officers, and to all other her Majesty's loyal and obedient Subjects, unto whom this shall or may appertain. A Letter from Odonnell to O Connor Kerry. What news are here, the Doctor and Dermond Odrischal may largely report unto you; but of this one thing you may be fully assured; that the King will not omit the winning of Ireland, if it cost him the most part of Spain: His Majesty doth send you money and munition. I pray let our enformation of you be found true, and your service encourage our King to further merit you: I pray you send me the relation of the news of our Country, in such sort, as if there be any bad, it be concealed from the Spaniards, and known to me▪ where the Deputy with the Queen's forces are occupied, or where they are in ●arrison: At the Groin the four and twentieth of May, 1602. Your loving Friend Hugh Odonnell. To his loving Friend O Connor Kerry, these give in Ireland. At the same time, when Pedro Lopez de Soto the Veador, wrote to Captain Harvie, Don john de Aguila, did write unto the Lord Precedent, and sent him a present of wines, Lemons, Oranges, etc. And to do him a farther courtesy, he gave him assurance, that his Passports should be sufficient for any man, that he would employ into Spain, if he had any cause to send thither: This Letter the Precedent sent to the Lords of the Council in England, who authorised him both to write unto him, and to return him a Present, if he were so disposed: The copy of Don john's Letter, and the Precedents unto him translated out of the Spanish do here en●ue. A Letter from Don juan de Aguila to the Lord Precedent. MVy illustre Sennor: To say the truth, I am very glad that I am in Spain, and that the passage was good which I was to make. I confess unto your Lordship, that I am so much obliged, for the honourable and good terms, which the Lord Deputy and your Lordship used there in the service of your Prince, in all things which concerned me, that I desire some apt occasion to manifest myself to be a good Paymaster (as I ought) for those courtesies, and for the assurance thereof, your Lordship may send securely to me, to command any thing you please for your service: And that your Ship and Passport shall be friendly received: And for that in this Country, there is no fruit of more estimation than Wines of Ripadavia, Limmons and Oranges, these few are sent to make a proof thereof, and the willingness I have to serve your Lordships; whom I commend to God: From the Groin the second of April, 1602. Muy illustre Sennor. Beso las manos a V. S. So Servidor. Don juan de Aguila. A Letter from the Lord Precedent to Don juan de Aguila. MVy illustre Sennor, I doubt not but that your Lordship hath received my Letters of the thirteenth of july, sent in answer of yours of the second of April, by the Captains Suaço and Sigler, and I rest so well satisfied of the good terms, wherein we stand, as I am desirous to do your Lordship some agreeable service; at that time there was no occasion for me to make use of the Passport, and offer your Lordship made me, for security of that man or ship which I should send into those parts: But now this bearer Captain Walter Edney, whose Son served Captain Pedro Enriques de Tejada (lately deceased) having prayed me to give him licence, and my Passport to see his Son: To supply him of his necessary wants, I beseech your Lordship that he may (according to your promise) safely and securely pass and return, which favour I shall thankfully acknowledge: And whensoever your Lordship shall have occasion, to send any of yours into these parts, he shall be used with the like courtesy: I have received profit by the book of fortification which your Lordship left me at your departure, and hold it as a Relic in memory of you, and as a good Scholar I have put some things in practice, whereof your Lordship at your return hither again (which I hope in God will be never) may be a witness, whether I have committed any error in the art o● no. My greatest defect hath been the want of the help of so great a Master as your Lordship is, of whom I am desirous to learn, not only that art, but in all else concerning military profession, in the which I do give your Lordship the pre-eminence: To conclude, I rest in all I may (my duty reserved to the Queen my mistress) affectionately ready at your Lordship's service, and so kissing your hands. I beseech God to preserve you with many happy years: From Cork the seventeenth of September, 1602. Muy illustre Signior, Beso las manos a V. S. so Serridor. GEORGE CAREW. Although here is nothing to be had worthy the presenting unto your Lordship, yet I make bold to present you with an ambling Hackney. The man whom the Lord Precedent made choice of, to carry these Letters to Pedro Lopez de Soto, and to Don john de Aguila, was Walter Edney, Lieutenant unto Captain Harvie, who was an ingenious man of good discretion, and well experienced, aswell in Land as Sea service, and the better to disguise his employment, he had a Son in Spain, a Page unto Captain Pedro Enrique, who after rendering of Kinsale (the Captain aforesaid) casting an affection to the boy, moved Don john, to entreat the Precedent that he might have the youth to serve him, which was granted, and within a few months after the Spaniards return the Captain died▪ and to put a farther mask upon his employment, the Precedent freighted a small Bark loaden with Irish commodities, and in it a choice Irish horse, with a rich pad and furniture, and some other trifles which he sent to Don john de Aguila: and for his safety he had two Passports with him, the one from Captain Harvie, the other from the Precedent; the Precedents Passport ensueth. By the Lord Precedent of Monster in Ireland. I Sir GEORGE CAREW, The Lord Presidents Passport for Captain Ed●ie into Spain. Lieutenant general of the Artillery, for her Sacred Majesty the Queen of England, in that her kingdom, and her Highness' Lord Precedent for the Province of Monster in Ireland, do certify that I have licenced Captain Walter Edney to go into Spain, to visit his Son remaining there, and to return hither within two months after▪ the date hereof; this being agreeable with the allowance and power which Don john de Aguila did give me (at his being here) the copy whereof is hereunto annexed. Given at Cork the seventeenth of September, 1602. G. C. Of these dispatches for Spain enough being said, it is time to re●●●ne to the passages in Monster, but first I must relate unto you, the news from Spain sent in a Letter from Sir Robert Cecil unto the Lord deputy, and the same transcripted (by master Secretary's direction) unto the Precedent: the Letter bare date the seventh of August, and arrived at Cork the second of September following, whereby the Reader may see, that the King of Spain's eyes were yet still (notwithstanding the rout at Kinsale, the dishonour he received in the returns of his troops, and the loss of Dunboy, whereby his footing in Ireland was merely lo●t) open upon that kingdom. Although Queen Elizabeth of happy memory was dead before Lieutenant Edney returned, yet I hold it not impertinent in this place to 〈◊〉 his suc●esses▪ When he was landed at the Groynt, he understood that Don john de Aguila, by the accusation of the Irish Fugitives, was in disgrace confined to his house, where (of grief) shortly after he died. His Letters and Passports were taken from him by the Earl of Carazena, and sent to the Court, and himself stayed until the King's pleasure was known. The Irish Traitors inveighed much against him, ●aying, That under pretext of Trade, and bringing of Presents, he came as a Spy; Nevertheless he was well entreated, and had the liberty of the Town, and to wear his Sword, with allowance from the King of a Ducat per diem for his diet: His goods were sold for the best advantage, and his Bark returned into Ireland; But the Precedents present to Don john, the Earl of Carazena detained to his own use; And after nine months restraint, Edney was enlarged, and returned into England in july, 1603. A little before this time Sir Robert Cecil, Spanish intelligence sent from Master Secretary Cecil to the Lord Precedent. her Majesty's principal Secretary, wrote unto the Lord deputy the News of Spain, a branch of which he also sent to the Precedent▪ dated upon the seventh of August, and received the second of September, I hold meet to insert, whereby the Reader may understand that the King of Spain had still his eyes open upon Ireland. One great cause of my writing this private Letter, is this, that where I see how much it doth distract your mind to think of Spain behind you, and of the North before you, fearing to be diverted from the conclusion of your labours, you may perceive in what estate the preparations of Spain are now, as I am certainly advertised by one of mine own, who is newly arrived from the Port of Lisbon, where he took shipping the 21 of july. There are two great Ships, each of them of a thousand Tons, one called the Andrew, & the other (which shall be the Vice-admiral) the name forgotten: Besides, there are twelve ships of two hundred tons and downward, in which it is resolved to send some fifteen hundred men, to have relieved the siege at Bearehaven▪ the News of the taking whereof was first known by a Ship from Waterford to Lisbon, and not before: Of the fifteen hundred men, eight hundred came from the Groin, being part of those which were transported out of Ireland. In the Groin remaineth Odonnell, and there is only the great Saint Philip, with ten small Barks, with which he mightily importuned to be sent to the North. If these had been sent unto Beerehaven in Monster, hoping upon his arrival with some fifteen hundred men, to have raised the siege, possessed some parts, and made a beginning of a plantation, hereof great benefit must needs have grown to the Rebels: for as those small numbers which should have been landed at Monster, with the bruit of the rest to follow, (which is always multiplied) would have made a distraction of the Ulster prosecution, etc. Lastly, in the said Letter he prayed the Precedent to set down his opinion, what course were best to be taken in a Defensive war, if the King of Spain did invade Ireland with a Royal Army. The next passage, to give Master Secretary satisfaction, the Lord Precedent wrote unto him a long Letter; but because many private things were handled in the same, I will only relate so much of it, as concerns his opinion, touching a defensive war in Ireland. The Lord Presidents Opinion sent to Master Secretary, of a Defensive War in Ireland. GRanting that the Enemy will come no less powerful than is reported, and that the Irish will join with them (whereof there is no doubt) than consideration is to be had, what in such a Sea of troubles, is meetest to be done, that may best preserve the Queen's army with lest charge, and the way to weary the enemy and the country. Because my opinion may perchance differ from other men, whose Authority, Greatness, and better judgement (in the world's opinion) bears more sway, I will forbear to deal in so weighty a business any farther, then to yourself, using the liberty you have ever given me, to say what I conceive to be the best Counsel, if the army of Spain be so great as is both reported by those that come from thence, and expected here, let us make no doubt, but he will be Master of the field (for the present) and will so hold himself, except the Army of Ireland be reenforced to a far higher Li●t, the charge whereof will make (if I be not deceived) both England and Ireland to groan: Wherefore the best way (in my conceit) to moderate such huge Expenses, is for the present to be careless of the Country's generally throughout the kingdom; for in seeking both to defend them, and to make head against the Enemy, will be too heavy a burden. The principal regard which we ought to have, is of the Cities, in every of which I do wish a strong Garrison both of Horse and foot, able to defend a siege: when the Enemy shall see that we are dispersed into Garrisons, either he will presently (in his best strength) go to besiege one of those places, or else disperse, (because he hath the Country to friend) as we do, if he attempt the besieging of any of our places aforesaid, there is no doubt, but in such a business he will unite all his forces in one, then may we be bold to draw all our forces from their several Garrisons, to a head to relieve that place; and with God's favour make no doubt but to enforce the Enemy to rise; if he disperse, than those Garrisons will be able to master the Countries about them, and leave no habitation to relieve either Spaniard or Irish; and upon occasion two or more of these Garrisons may assemble and meet, to effect greater services, than otherwise can be done: This fashion of a war will in a short time destroy all the Country, make the Irish to curse the Spaniard and themselves, for drawing them hither, drive the King to an inestimable charge, and hazard by Sea, to victual and relieve his Army, which otherwise will perish, ease the Queen's charge, and secure the chief Towns, which is chiefly (and above all other things) to be respected. Supposing the Army would land in Monster, in it I would have principal regard of Cork, Limerick, and Waterford, in either of which Cities I do wish there might be a strong Garrison of three thousand foot and three hundred horses, one thousand foot more to be dispersed for some poorer places meet to be kept, so as the Queen's forces should consist of ten thousand foot and one thousand horse; the rest of the kingdom (where the Spaniards are not) may be held in awe with some Garrisons upon them as now they are: This manner of war (in my conceit) would little or nothing increase the charge the Queen is now at, and in a short time weary both the Spaniard and the Irish. To make it appear more probable unto you, that these Garrisons will be able to ruin all the Country at their pleasures, although the Enemy be never so strong: it cannot be denied but six thousa●d foot and six hundred horse may be drawn from the Garrisons; and yet those left against the Irish, and Townsmen sufficiently guarded; with such a light Army, the Commander may go where he list, and lodge as near the Spaniard (without harm) as he thinks good: for we have the same advantage upon them, as the Irish in lightness have of us, and with such an Army (of the Irish) there is no doubt to be made, than it follows that we shall be able to go into every part of the Province, and retreat at our pleasures: To the contrary, if the Spaniard be strong, and we in his strength do fight with him, the event of battles (being dangerous and uncertain as they are) the loss of one field or one days disaster, would absolutely lose the kingdom, if he come with like numbers as he did the last year, (which I cannot believe, because the example hath taught him more wit) yet I do not wish that we should (do as we did) presently besiege him; for Kinsale was bought at so dear a rate (as while I live) I will protest against a winter siege, if it may be avoided: I do speak within my compass, I do verily believe, that at that siege, and after (the sickness there gotten) we lost above six thousand men that died: Thus may your honour see what a fashioned war, I do conceive to be least in charge and most of use; but for a farther help, it will be needful for some of the Queen's ships, to be evermore upon the coast, to keep the Spaniard from relief of victuals; and then there is an apparent hope, that a Spanish Army cannot any long time subsist in Ireland, for between us and them, and the swarms of Irish●ie that will draw into Monster, the Province will be so harassed, as neither the Spaniards or Rebels can avoid starving. I protest unto your Honour, I do not project this manner of a war for any particular respect unto myself, hoping thereby to have the managing of it, being unmeet for the Lieutenant of the Kingdom, to be where there is not a royal Army in the field, to confront an Enemy; and therefore lest I may be mistaken, if the motion be liked of, let it not be mine: But the Reason that leads me to that opinion, is, because I am sure it is the easiest war for charge, the surest from hazard, and in the end must prevail. Dat' 11. August, 1602. G. C. CHAP. XIIII. Cormock Mac Dermond makes escape. The Castle of Mocrumpe taken, and most of the Ward put to the sword. Osulevan a●d Tirrell repair with their forces into Muskrey. Cormock Mac Dermond makes means to be received to her Majesty's mercy. The Reasons that moved th● Lord Precedent to accept of Cormocks' submission. COrmock Mac Dermond being all this time in the Gentleman Porter's custody, and his intended escape (as hath been said) made known to the Lo. Precedent, the same also came after to the ears of the Lo. Bishop of Cork, who according to his duty both of a subject & a Councillor, acquainted the Lord Precedent with it, who made answer, that himself heretofore having Intelligence thereof, and had seriously admonished the Gentleman Porter to take an extraordinary care of his Prisoner: Yet because that could not be too often repeated, that can never be too sufficiently learned, he entreated the Bishop that he also (for Abundans cautela non nocet, would call for Hammon, and give him warning to be vigilant and circumspect in his charge, knowing how much it concerned both himself and the State. The Bishop having performed gravely and pathetically the Precedents desire, left the execution thereof to his future care. Lastly, Dominicke Sarsfield (the Queen's Attorney for that Province) came to the Precedent upon the same errand, agreeing in all Circustances' with the former Intelligence: whereupon the said Officer was again called, the practice revealed unto him, and for a perclose, commanded to keep him close prisoner in an Handlocke, either with his own Servant, or some Soldier of especial trust: 29. Septemb. Notwithstanding all these repetitions, and reiterations of warnings, Cormocke Mac Dermond made an escape out of prison. within two days this last caution given, namely upon Michaelmas day between seven and eight of the clock at night, Cormock having no other attendant, but his trusty Servant Maghon Oge Olyne, who had broken up a window that looked into the Street, stripping himself forth of his clothes, creepeth in his shirt out of the window, where were divers mantlemen waiting of purpose to receive him; an English woman coming alongst the street (in the very instant) while he was ●●eeping forth, perceived his white shirt, and thereupon raised the cry, they within the house (hearing the cry) looked for the Prisoner, and finding the window open, and Chamber empty follow the pursuit, but all in vain, for he having the dark night, the Town and Country to friend, was conveyed over the City walls and so escaped. The Precedent although infinitely grieved with this unfortunate accident, yet thought it more necessary to prevent future dangers, then to lament passed disasters, and therefore wrote presently, first to Sir Charles Wilmot (being still before Mocrumpe;) that if he could not gain the Castle that night, he should raise his siege, and retreat with his forces the next morning, for nothing was more certain, that now (Cormock being escaped) all his Followers and Dependants (who did infinitely love him) would presently turn Rebels, which if they should, and join with Tirrell, and donnel Osulevan (as most likely) they would intercept the places and passages 'twixt him and Cork, that he should not be able to retire without great danger and loss: These being sent away by a Horseman, other Letters were instantly written to the Lord Barry, and the Lord Roch, that they should make stay of all Cormocks Followers and goods, that were as yet residing in their Countries, not suffering either the one, or the other to start aside, till from himself they should receive farther directions. Secondly it was well weighed, what a help and courage his combination would have afforded to the Rebels, if he had obstinately run a rebellious course, for he was at that time the strongest man of Followers of any one of the Irish in that Province, and his Country in strength and fastness equal with the worst part of the same, and that which required no less respect was the situation of his Country, reaching even to the walls of Cork, whereby the greatest part of her Majesty's forces, must of necessity have been employed in Muskerry, which would have given great impediment to the prosecution of the service in other parts, whereas by receiving him the war would be removed farther off, and the greatest tempest of disturbance avoided: that he was deeply infected, and foully stained with manifold treasons was too manifest, yet this difference was made between him and others, that they were in public action professed Traitors, and he a juggling Traitor; and though he had joined with a foreign Enemy, yet not in so heinous a manner as some other: for they solicited strangers to invade the kingdom, but strangers having invaded the kingdom, solicited him to partake with them; the three Castles (before mentioned) no doubt were great bridles upon him, and in time (no doubt) would have wrought the effects desired, which was to banish him out of his Country: But considering the charge and encumbrance subject to some loss, that would grow in victualling of them, and many lewd and unsettled persons ready to join with him (if they had perceived him inclinable to continue a Rebel) which might have bred new broils, and protracted the wars of Monster in infinitum: Again the benefit, that by his prosecution and extirpation might have redounded to her Majesty, was that thereby his Land should have excheated unto her, which in the opinion of all wise men would have proved too dear a purchase: Farther, besides his submission and his Son that was prisoner in England, his second Son also and his Castle of Blarney were held as pledges upon him: And whereas the L. deputy had devised the form of an oath for the Northern Protectees, he was content to swear and subscribe to the same oath, and lastly himself with four of the best Barons of Parliament in Monster, were bound in three thousand pounds for his future loyalty and subjection, so that he was bound in heaven and in earth, before God and before man, by Law and by Nature, and nothing but only hell was remaining for his farther assurance. CHAP. XV. The Lord President offers the Lord Deputy to send him of his List one or two Regiments. Odonnels death. Tirrels quarter assailed by Sir Samuel Bagnall. The loss on the Rebel's part. Tirrell rageth in fury against the Inhabitants of Muskry, and retireth into Bear and Desmond. The death of Captain Harvie. Captain Flower succeeded Captain Harvie in the government of Carbry. Cloghane summoned. The Constable's brother hanged, and the Castle rendered. COrmocke being now reduced, the Lord Precedent wrote to the Lord deputy, The L. Precedent offers the L. deputy to send him of his li●t one or two regiments signifying him thereof; and withal, that if his Lordship had any use in Connaght for the forces of Monster, that he might dispose of one or more of the regiment of the same as he pleased: And also he certified him, that o●e called james Blake, of Galway, lately arrived from Spain, did constantly affirm, that Odonnell was dead, He advertiseth of Odonnels death. both which you may believe was welcome News unto the Lord deputy. The morning immediately following the day of his submission, which was the two and twentieth of October, 22. Octob. Sir Samuel Bagnall Tirrels quarter assailed by Sir muell Sagnall. placed (as you have heard) with a Regiment of Foot, and one hundred Horse on the borders of Muskrey, had occasion of service by this means: Tirrell with eight hundred Foot, and forty Horse, was still remaining in the westermost confines of Muskrey, environed with such fastness of woods and bogs, as he thought himself secure: The cause of his stay was, for that he expected the return of Cormock, by whom he made account to be waged, for Cormock indeed had not acquainted him with his intent of submission: Sir Samuel Bagnall therefore conjecturing, that so soon as he should hear this Lord of Muskery to become a Subject, he would then retire himself to his old haunt in the Mountains of Bear and Desmond, thought the time either now or never to do service upon this lightfooted Enemy, and therefore he called upon Owen Mac Teg of the Drisshan, one of the Mac Carties of Muskery (whom the Precedent had apppointed to attend his directions) and requested him (in the edge of the evening) to make trial if he could go unperceived to Tirrels Camp, and bring him word in what place, and in what manner the Rebels were lodged: This Owen Mac Teg very willingly and faithfully performed his employment, and about midnight returned, and reported, that he had found the Rebels secure (as he imagined) from all fear or suspicion, and would undertake to conduct, and guide the forces directly to their Camp: upon this intelligence it was not long before Sir Samuel and his Companies were all in Arms, disposing them into two bodies, Captain Sidley (who had the point) had five and twenty out of every Company, with officers proportionable for his numbers, and Sir Samuel himself with the rest marched close up after them, and the Horse came in the rear, for the night was dark, the ways deep and woody, in this manner they held on till they came so near to the Rebels quarters, as that they might discern their fires, than they made halt, and sent Owen Mac Teg, with his cousin Owen Olough one of the Mac Swine, to discover whether they could perceive any stirring amongst them, and to descry more particularly the manner of their encamping; they gathering courage by the countenance of the Army, which approached so near, as they precisely viewed every part thereof, and returning to the Colonel, certified him that they were lodged in three quarters, a little distant the one from the other, at their back a strong wood, before their face a main bog half a mile broad, and on either side cragged and rocky Mountains: The Colonel therefore directed Captain Sidly with the Vanguard to divide his troops, and to give on upon all the three quarters at one instant, and commanded the Sergeant Major, Captain William Power, and Captain Bostocke with the battle to be his seconds; to make good their undertake, himself marched in the rear, a very small distance from them; and because there was no ground for the ●orse to serve in near the Camp, therefore they were commanded to attend Captain Minshaw (Lieutenant of the Precedents Horse troop) upon the farther side of the bog to intercept them in their flight: These forces marshaled into this order, the foot were come up within less than a furlong of the Rebel's quarter, and no doubt had surprised them unperceived, if a Piece by mischance had not fired by the stumbling of one of the new supplies, which giving the alarm, some of them drew speedily into Arms, yet ou● men killed eighty of them dead in the place; The loss on the Rebel's part. Tirrell ran away in his shirt, leaving both his garments and weapons behind him, and his wife followed no better clothed: our men got fifty horses and hackneys, one thousand Co●es, sheep and garrans, great store of Arms and baggage, and that which seldom hath been seen in Irish spoils, some remnants of Velvet, Holland, Gold, and silver Lace, English apparel of Satin and Velvet▪ and some quantity of Spanish coin, amongst the rest there was a Portmanteau found by the Soldiers, wherein Tirrels Spanish money was confessed to have been, but they that got it had more wit then to proclaim it in the market place: But whosoever sweetened their mouths with these Spanish drugs, sure I am that the Soldiers came all with good courage, well pleased to Cork, except only seventeen which were hur● in the skirmish, all our Captains and Commanders deserved well, and particularly Captain Minshaw, who had his horse slain under him, and himself wounded with a Pi●e: Tirrell finding himself to have sustained this irrecoverable loss of men, money, clothes and arms, and hearing withal that Cormock was with the Precedent at Cork, imagining that this plot had been contrived by him; Tirrell rageth in fury against the inhabitants of Muskery, (in revenge of this defeat) wreaked his anger upon divers Churls and poor people in those Fastness: First burning their corn and cabbines, and afterwards put them to the sword, wherein he little offended the State; these being only ●uch as had fled from the Garrisons into those Fastness, because they would not be subject to Law, and this was towards the latter end of October: Tirrell having found by this woeful experience, that the ●astnesse of Muskery could not secure him from the pursuit of the English, retired himself into his old lurking dens, in Bear and Desmond, He retireth into Bear & Desmond. not fearing but that he might quietly spend the remainder of this winter in those desolate parts, and the rather because he committed no outrage upon the Subjects adjoining. The Precedent perceiving their resolution, being now freed from the cloud (he formerly conceived) of foreign Invasion, and knowing them to be much discouraged, and out of heart, by reason of their late overthrow, which now was past hope to be recovered, either by Spain or Cormocke, thought it a fit time (in these respects) to make a speedy prosecution, foreseeing, that the former good fortune effectually pursued, might strike a good stroke to break the heart of the Rebellion in Monster; towards the effecting whereof he incontinently resolved to environ them with Garrisons: but the difficulties that did encounter him in this business, were many and great: the long ways, being near fourscore miles English from Cork to Bear, the Plains so deep and boggy, the Mountains so ●ough and craggy, and the carriage, Garrans, that are never strong, were not able to travel six miles a day; and besides Easterly winds are so seldom upon this coast, as it would ask a long time to transport their Victuals and Munitions by Sea. Notwithstanding, wading through all those inconveniences with industrious travel, and laborious diligence, he had planted Sir Charles 〈◊〉 with one Regiment at Donkerran, Sir Richard Percy at Kinsale, Captain George Flower, the Sergeant Major at Bantry, and Captain Roger Harvie at Baltimore. But the present service received no small prejudice by means of the untimely departure of Captain Roger Harvie, The death of Cap Harvie. whose heart being overwhelmed with an inundation of sorrows, and discontentments taken, (though in my Conscience not willingly given) by one that had been his honourable Friend, as his heart blown like a bladder, (as the Surgeons reported) was no longer able to minister heat to the vital parts, and therefore yielded to that irresistible fate, which at last overtaketh all mortal creatures: The untimely death of this young Gentleman was no small occasion of grief to the Lord Precedent, not only that Nature had conjoined them in the nearest degrees of Consanguinity, but because his timely beginnings gave apparent demonstration, that his continual proceedings would have given comfort to his Friends, profit to his Country, and a deserved Advancement of his own Fortunes. Great were the services which these Garrisons performed: for Sir Richard 〈…〉 George Flower with their Troops, left neither Corn nor 〈…〉 house unburnt, between Kinsale and Rosse, Captain 〈…〉 who had with him his brother Captain 〈…〉 Francis Slingsbie, Captain William Stafford with their Companies, and also the Companies of the Lord Barry, and the Treasurer, with the Precedents Horse, Cap. Flower succeeded did the like between Rosse and Ba●●ry. Not many days after the death of Captain Roger Harvie, Capt. Harvy in his government. Captain George Flower having the charge of Baltimore, and the commanding of the Garrisons thereabouts, which formerly was under Harvies' direction, understanding that the Castle of Cloghan The Castle of Cloghan summoned. was guarded by the Rebels, and that in the same there was a Romish Priest lately come from Rome, taking with him Captain Francis Slingsbie, and Captain William Stafford with their Companies of Foot, (besides his own) he marched unto it, in hope to gain it, the rather, because he had in his hands one called donnel Dorrogh, a traitor, brother to the Constable that had the charge thereof: Upon his summons they refused to yield; then he told the Ward, that if the Constable did not presently render the Castle unto him, that he would hang his brother The Constable's brother hanged. in their sight: they said the Constable was gone abroad (but therein they said untruly as afterward it was proved) in conclusion to save the Priest (whose life they tendered) they persevered obstinately not to yield; whereupon Captain Flower in their sight hanged the Constable's brother: Nevertheless within four days afterward the Priest being shifted away in safety, the Constable sued for a Protection and rendered The castle of Cloghan rendered. the Castle to Captain Flower. I do relate this accident to the end the Reader may the more clearly see, in what reverence and estimation these ignorant superstitious Irish do hold a Popish Priest, in regard of whose safety the Constable was content to suffer his brother to perish. CHAP. XVI. A Branch of a Letter from the Lords of the Council to the Lord Precedent. The Ensigns of Magistracy redelivered to the Corporation of Kinsale. Of Spaniards defeated at Kinsale, in the time of King Richard the second. The Rising out of the Country committed to the charge of the Lord Barry. The Lord Deputy requires the Lord Precedent to meet him at Galway. Sir George Thornton appointed to join with the L●. Barry. A Messenger from the Rebel Tirell to the Lord Precedent, and his Answer. The Knight of Kerry defeated. The Knight of Kerry, Thomas Oge, and Osulevan Moor's Son make their submission. A foul murder committed by Osulevan Moor's Son. THE Lords of the Council, A branch of a Letter from the Lords of the Council to the Lord Precedent. by the Letters dated the sixteenth of December, signified their pleasures unto the Precedent; that in regard Florence Mac Cartie was a prisoner in the Tower, his children (to avoid her Majesty's charges) should be set at liberty, and also the children pledges of others (except the Precedent saw cause to the contrary) to be enlarged: That her Majesty was pleased that the Precedent should deliver unto the Corporation of Kinsale, their Charter and other Ensigns of Magistracy, and to impose upon them in stead stead of a fine, the re-edifying of their walls at their own charges, and certain workmen towards the finishing of the Fort of Castle ny Park: That her Majesty was pleased at the Precedents request, that a fair and strong house should be built for the Precedent, where he thought it convenient, to be defrayed upon the fines and casualties of the Province: That the fort of Haleboling should be presently finished: Lastly, thanks in her Majesty's name for his services, liking well of his proceedings with Cormock Mac Dermond, and for the courses he had taken in his return from Donboy, and of the well disposing of the Garrisons, and his raising and making of fortifications, etc. By this Letter it appears that the Precedent was directed to redeliver unto the Burgesses of Kinsale their Charter, and other their Ensigns of Magistracy, The Ensigns of Magistracy redelivered to the Corporation of Kinsale. among the which there was a fair large Standard of Damask with the Arms of England in it: This Standard aforesaid was first delivered unto them (by the commandment of King Henry the eight) by Sir George Carew, the Lord Presidents cousin german, when he arrived at Kinsale, who not long before the siege of Bollogne) was Admiral of some of the King's ships: Into the hands of Sir George it was left in safe keeping, when the Spaniards arrived there; and by the same Sir George Carew, by Queen Elizabeth's commandment, it was (as is said) redelivered unto them again: although this petty note may seem to some scarce worth the relating, yet for the rareness of the accident, I thought it meet to be remembered: And that the Reader may also understand what a fatal place Kinsale hath been unto the Spaniards in former times (as well as now) I think it not impertinent to relate, what happened unto them in that port, in Anno 1380. and the fourth year of the Reign of King Richard the second: My Author is Thomas of Walsingham, who lived in those days, and thus Englished in Hollinshed. IN this mean while that the Earl of Buckingham was passing through the Realm of France, The Spaniards defeated at Kinsale in King Richard the seconds time. the French and Spanish galleys did much mischief on the Coast of England, but about the later end of june, by a flecte of Englishmen of the West Countries, part of them were forced to retire, and take harbour in an haven in Ireland called Kinsale, where being assailed by the Englishmen and Irishmen they were vanquished: so that to the number of four hundred were slain, and their chief Captains taken, as Gonzales de vorse, and his brother Martin de Motrigo, Turgo Lord of Morrans: Also the Lord of Reath, Peers Martin of Vermew, john Moditt of Vermew, the Seneschal of Wargarie, the Seneschal of Saint Andrew's, Cornellis of Saint Sebastiano, Paschale de Biskaya, john Martinez, Sopogorge of Saint Sebastiano, and divers others: There were taken four of their Barges, with a Ballenger, and one and twenty English vessels recovered, which they had robbed and taken away from their Owners: There escaped yet four (of their notable Captains) from the hands of our men, Martin Grantz, john Perez Mantago, john Husce Gitario, and one Garcia of Sebastiano: Thus far Hollingshed, ●raving the Readers patience, for to some, this old story may seem to be a needless curiosity, but to proceed. The Precedent to make the speedier prosecution, and expedition in the affairs of the Province, caused the Rising out of the Country to be assembled to the number of sixteen hundred (at their own charges) under the conduct of the Lord Barry: The Rising out of the country committed to the Lord Barries charge. These Provincial Forces were not prepared for any great need that was of their service, it was thought meet to draw as many hands together as conveniently might be, who according to their manner, for spoils sake, would not spare their dearest friends. And also it was thought no ill policy to make the Irish draw blood one upon another, whereby their private quarrels might advance the public service. The Precedent had first determined himself in person with five hundred English, (joined to the Provincials) to have taken the field; but his intentions were casually diverted by Letters from the Lord deputy, who signifying that his Lordship purposed to be at Galway The L. Deputy requires the L. Precedent to meet him at Galway. about the two and twentieth of December, required him (all other business set apart) immediately to repair thither, to consult about certain affairs much importing the service of the State, by reason whereof the Precedent appointed Sir George Thornton Sir George Thornton appointed to join with the L. Barry with 500 English Soldiers, Inhabitants as Undertakers in Monster, to accompany the Lord Barry with the Provincials, and all these to meet together, about the twentyeth of this present, at Donkerran, which was the place of their rendezvous. In this mean time the Rebel Tirrell, not liking to stay any longer in the Air of Monster, wherein he had run many dangers, bethought himself of a retreat out of the Province, hoping that the Precedent would condescend to any composition, rather than to be troubled with his company, A message from the rebel Tirrel to the L. Precedent, and his answer. whereupon he sent his inward servant Laghlin Odallye (afore mentioned in this discourse) unto Cork, who coming to the Precedent, told him, that his Captain (meaning Tirrell) would be content to leave the Province, and would hereafter this, (so as he might have a Pardon, a Pension, and a Company of Foot in her Majesty's pay) serve the Queen, and deserve the reward demanded by his future services. The Precedent knowing that for want of food he would be forced ere the spring of the year to depart; And also assuring himself (within that time) to get some good draught to be drawn upon him by some of the Provincial Rebels, who now being heartbroken, would do any thing for their Pardons, or for a little money, not only slightly rejected his offers, but bid Odalley tell him, That although he were never so wary, yet he doubted not before it were long, to have his head sent unto him in a bag, willing him to forbear to send any more unto him. While these forces aforesaid were gathering according to the directions afore-recited, the Governor of Kerry losing no opportunity, and forbearing no labour, had the like fortune upon the Knight of Kerry, The Knight of Kerry defeated by Sir Ch. Wilmot. as Sir Samuel Bagnall had upon Tirrell; for being conducted to his Quarter in the night, killed forty of his men, and took from him all his whole substance, which consisted of five hundred cows, two hundred garrans, and two months provision of Meal and Butter for his Soldiers; which small spoil was a great loss to the poor Knight: for thereby he being disfurnished of all his provision, & disabled to minister entertainment to his followers, and having no Castle whereunto he might safely retreat, was constrained (like a Wolf) to shelter himself in waste woods and desolate mountains, until he could work means with Sir Charles to accept his humble submission, which incontinently (upon his defeat) he earnestly solicited, by the means of Osulevan More. And surely this Service was of good consequence for the settling of Kerry: for Thomas Oge, induced by the example of the Knight, and likewise donnel Osulevan, Son to the said Osulevan More, did all jointly submit themselves, The Knight of Kerry▪ Th. Oge, & Osulevan Moor's son, make their submissions. and her Majesty's Protection granted them: The former performed as much as was promised; but the latter, in the interim that he should have put in Sureties for his loyalty, (according to a Clause inserted in his Protection) did in the malice of his heart to our Nation, commit a most base and traitorous murder upon a Sergeant and ten Soldiers going after Sir Charles towards Donkerran, who not suspecting any false measure at his hands, being lately protected, were most cruelly but cheered by that inhuman perjured Rebel: His father, old Osulevan A foul murder committed by Osulevan Moor's son. conceived so great discontentment against him for his damnable fact, as he threatened to withdraw from him his favour, Blessing and Birthright: But of this sufficient. CHAP. XVII. Sir Charles Wilmot chief Commander of the forces in the absence of the Lord Precedent. The Rebels make three divisions of their forces. Tirrell afraid flies the Province. The Lord Barry and Sir George Thornton join their force's with Sir Cha●les Wilmot. A skirmish entertained. A prey taken from the Rebels out of the Fastness. Divers Rebels submitted themselves. William Burke, john O Connor Kerry, and Osulevan Bear with the Bownoghs fled out of the Province. The Rebel's loss in their passage through the county of Cork. And the hard shift they made ●ver the Shenan. The good service done upon the Rebels by the Sheriff of the county of Typperary. Captain Henry Malby slain. Bear, Bantry, and Dorsies spoilt, and the Castles of Ardea and Carrignesse rendered Captain Taffe employed against the Rebels in Carbry. The Pope's Vicar slain, and the Rebels defeated. The Carties of Carbry submit themselves to the Lord Precedent. Our forces under the Lord Barry and Sir George Thornton met with Sir Charles Wilmot, upon the seven and twentieth of December; 27. Decem. the thirtieth 30. Decem. we camped in Glangarrem, The Lord Barry and Sir George Thornton join their forces with Sir Charles Wilmot. on a little plot of dry ground, (environed with woods and bogs) of so small capacity, as most of our Guards and Sentinels were held either on the bog or in the edge of the wood, and yet was there not so much firm ground together, within five miles of that place; within two miles thereof encamped donnel Osulevan, and William Burke with his Bonnaghts: Before the Camp was settled, the Rebels entertained a skirmish for an hour's space, A skirmish. and hurt three of our men, whereof Captain Staffords Lieutenant, William jeffries was one; the same night they gave us an alarm, and poured into our quarter a volley of shot, but being encountered with our Guards adjoining were repulsed, and driven into the wood. The one and thirtieth, 31. Decem. there was a Convoy sent to Donkerran for Victuals; and the same day Sir Charles Wilmot sent four hundred of the risings out under the command of Captain john Barry, and two hundred of the Army in List under the command of Thomas Selby, Lieutenant to Captain Francis Slingsbie, to beat the Fastness where the Rebels with their cattle lodged: their quarter was entered by our men, and their cattle seized, whereupon ensued a bitter fight, maintained without intermission for six hours, A prey taken from the rebels out of their Fastness. nevertheless they kept the prey they had gotten; the Enemy not leaving their pursuit, until they came in sight of the Camp: for whose relief two Regiments were drawn forth, to give countenance, and Downing, Lieutenant to Sir Francis Barkley, was sent with one hundred and twenty choice men to the succour of Barry and Selby, who in the rear were so hotly charged by the Rebels, that they came to the Sword and Pike, and the skirmish continued till night parted them: many were slain on either side, but the greatest loss fell upon the Traitors: there was taken from them in that day's service, 2000 Cows, 4000 Sheep, and 1000 Garrans. Immediately upon this Defeat, many of the Country that escaped, leaving the Rebels, having before lost all their goods, submitted themselves to the Governor, and obtained mercy; Hugh Ma● Swine and Owen Granye, Divers Rebels submit themselves. with eighty of their followers, and other of the Bownoghs likewise became suitors for her Majesty's protection, (which to weaken the adverse party) was also granted; whose revolt, or rather return, so disturbed and distracted William Burke, the chief Commander of Osulevans forces, who did his endeavour, (by assaulting them in their way to Sir Charles) to resist their submission, wherein some men were lost; and not prevailing in the same, purposed to follow the steps of Tirrell his forerunner; and therefore wished Osulevan Bear, either instantly to rise with him, or else to shift for himself as well as he could: for a longer stay in those parts could promise him nothing but apparent ruin and destruction. And when the other urged the entertainment that he had given unto him and his Company before hand: Burke answered, that he had already lost, not that only which of him was received, but whatsoever else he either brought into the Province, or gained therein, besides the slaughter of many his Followers and near kinsmen, whom he prized and valued (in his affection) above all the King of Spain's treasure; and therefore with extreme passion (as was reported) cursing and damning himself for staying so long in Monster; William Burke, john O Conn●r Kerry, and Osulevan Bear with their Bonnoghs fled out of the Province. in all haste with two hundred men (for the rest were all either slain or protected) he fled and followed Captain Tirrell into O Carols Country: Osulevan finding his estate desperate, that either he must starve in Monster, or beg in Ulster, made choice of the less evil, and therefore himself and john O Connor Kerry kept Company with the Bonnoghs, content to partake with their fortunes, till he might get to Tyrone. As they passed by the skirts of Muskery, they were skirmished withal by the sons of Teg Mac Owen Cartie, The losses which they sustained in their passage through the County of Cork. where they lost some of their men, and most of their carriage; in passing by Liscarcell, john Barry, brother to the Vicecount, with eight Horsemen and forty foot charged their rear at the ford of Bellaghan, where he slew and hurt many of them, and of his part one Horseman was slain. When they came to the River of the Shenan, they finding the River high, The hard shift they made to pass over the Shenan. and no boats nor troughs to pass them over into Connaght, they killed many of their horses, and made shift with their hides to make certain little boats, called in Irish Nevogs, in the which they transported their men and baggage: Nevertheless before all were passed the River, the Sheriff of the county of Typperarie, The good service done upon them by the Sheriff of the county of Tipperary. fell upon their rear and slew many of them; being in Connaght they passed safely through the county of Galway, nntill they came into the Kellies Country, where they were fought withal by Sir Thomas Burke, the Earl of Clanriccards brother, and Captain Henry Malby, who were more in number then the Rebels: Nevertheless when they saw that either they must make their way by the sword or perish, Captain Henry Malby slain. they gave a brave charge upon our men, in the which Captain Malby was slain, upon whose fall Sir Thomas and his Troops fainting, with the loss of many men, studied their safeties by flight, and the rebels with little harm marched into Orwrkes' Country. The next morning being the fourth of january, 4. januarij. 1602. Sir Charles coming to seek the Enemy in their Camp, he entered into their quarter without resistance, where he found nothing but hurt and sick men, whose pains and lives by the Soldiers were both determined: The governor sent the Lord Barry with some of his light foot after them, but all in vain, for they flew so swift with the wings of fear, as passing by many preys directly in the way (as they passed) yet they never made so much stay as to molest either the Cattle or their Keepers. Hereupon Sir Charles with the English Regiments overran all Bear and Bantry, Bear, Bantry, and the Dorsies spo●eled and left waist. destroying all that they could find meet for the relief of men, so as that country was wholly wasted: He sent also Captain Fleming with his Pinnace, and certain Soldiers into Osulevans Island; He took there certain Boars, and an English Bark, which Osulevan had gotten, and kept for his transportation into Spain, when he should be enforced thereunto; they took also from thence certain Cows and Sheep, which were reserved there as in a sure storehouse, and put the Churls to the sword that inhabited therein. The Warders of the Castles of Ardea, and Carricknesse The Castles of Ardea and Carricknesse rendered. on the sixth 6. ja. of the same month despairing of their Master Osulevans return, rendered both their Castles and their lives to the Queen's mercy: so that although he should have Animum revertendi, he had neither place of safety whereunto he might retire, nor Corn or cattle to feed himself, much less to uphold or renew any war against the State. The sharpness of this Winter journey did exceedingly weaken our▪ Companies: for the Mountains of Bear being at that time quite covered with snow, tasted the strong bodies, whereby many returned sick, and some unable to endure the extremity, died standing centinel: But whilst this service was in prosecution in Bear, the Precedent on his journey towards the Lord deputy, chanced to meet with some of the Country risings out, to the number of four hundred foot or thereabouts, that came short of the rest, that were under the commands of the Lord Barry, and Sir George Thornton: And understanding that the Sons of Sir Owen Mac Cartie, and Donnogh Keugh, brother to Florence Mac Cartie, were retired with their Creates and Followers into the strengths of Carbery, his Lordship commanded Captain Taffe (with the said risings out) forty of Sir Edward Wingfields' Company, Cap. Taffe employed against the Rebels in Carbry. and his own troop of Horse to draw into those parts, and to endeavour the best service he could upon them: Whilst the rest were busied by the Governor of Kerry in Desmond as aforesaid, wherein it pleased God to give him good success, for on the fifth of january, his foot entering their Fastness, took a prey of two or three hundred Cows and Garrans; the Rebels in pursuit of their Cattle, gave them so brave a charge, as they were disordered, whereby some of them were slain, which Captain Taffe perceiving, being in the head of his Horse troop, in the skirt of the Fastness, and espying some of their Horsemen to do much hurt upon our foot, charged them into the wood, slew four of their Horsemen, and put all the rest to rout, wherewith our men being encouraged pursued them: Owen Mac Eggan (the Pope's apostolic Vicar The Pope's Vicar slain, and the Rebels defeated. so often before mentioned) to put fresh heart into his Company, with his sword drawn in one hand, and his portius and beads in the other, with one hundred men led by himself, he came boldly up to the sword, and maintained a hot skirmish, until he was slain with a shot, whereupon his men (together with a fresh charge of our horse) were so amazed and terrified, partly by his death, and partly by their own danger, that they broke instantly, and for better expedition throwing away their Arms, leapt into the river Bandon, hoping by that means to escape, but that little availed them, for they all for the most part were either killed or drowned in the river; there were slain in this service (besides Owen Mac Eggan, who was of more worth than all the rest) above one hundred and twenty Rebels, and of the Provincial rising out of our part, a good number lost their lives, and many of Captain Taffes horses hurt, we got the Arms of 100 and forty, and all their horses, cows, sheep and garrans, that were in the Country near adjoining: There was also taken a Papist Priest, being as it seemed a Chaplain to Mac Eggan, whom the Precedent (shortly after) caused to be executed in Cork. Upon this discomfiture, the Carties who formerly had been Petitioners to the Precedent for protection, but denied, became suitors to Captain Taffe in the like, who not knowing of the good success, that the Governor had against the other Rebels (according to direction before given him by the Precedent, that he should accept their submission, after a blow given them, if it were humbly sought) did grant protection to them and their Followers; and upon the Precedents return from Galway, Captain Taffe having then in his company upon the high way, not far from Moyallo, presented them to his Lordship, The Carties of Carby submitted themselves to the Lord Precedent. who with great show of unfeigned penitence, desired his allowance, and acceptation of their submission, who to gratify the service of Captain Taffe, and to ratify his promise assented thereunto, whereby all Carbery (a very large and spacious Country) was wholly reduced to subjection, no one open Traitor remaining therein. A principal means of this sudden and universal reduction, was the death of that traitorly Priest Owen Mac Eggan, which doubtless was more beneficial to the State, then to have gotten the head of the most capital Rebel in Monster, for the respect that was borne unto him (by reason of his authority from the Pope) and the credit which he had obtained in Spain, was so great, as his power was in a manner absolute over them all, and he only was the means of their obdurate obstinacy: his dignity in being the Pope's Vicarius Apostolicus, did hold them in vassalage unto him, and the livings given him in Monster by the Pope's grant, were to be valued (if he might quietly have enjoyed them) at three thousand pounds per Annum. And farther to engage the Popish Clergy of Ireland unto him, he had power to dispose at his pleasure of all the spiritual livings in the Province of Monster, by which authority, together with the credit he had gotten with the King of Spain (well testified by the trust committed to him in transporting and disposing the Spanish money, last brought into Ireland) he had obtained in a manner all power, both over the temporality and spirituality of Monster, and to depaint him in his true colours, a more malicious Traitor against the State and Crown of England, never breathed, which well appeared by the barbarous tyranny he exercised upon his own Countrymen; for as soon as any prisoners were taken (though of his own Country, birth and religion) yet if they had served the Queen, he caused them first (in piety as he pretended) to be confessed and absolved, and instantly (in his own sight) would he cause them to be murdered, which religious tyranny in him was held for sanctity. The Precedent upon his return to Cork, employed certain Messengers whom he might trust, into the Country to make search in such places as Mac Eggan usually resided, for such books and papers as were belonging unto him: divers books of school divinity (for the most part) were gotten, all which by the Precedents gift fell to my share, and certain papers, amongst the which I will only insert three in this present relation; the first containing large indulgences, granted by P. Clemens the eight, to such of the Irish as should bear Arms against God's chosen Servant, and their anointed Sovereign the Queen's Majesty, the tenor whereof here ensueth. CHAP. XVIII. Pope Clement the eighth his Indulgence to the Irish that were in Rebellion. A Letter from Pope Clement the eighth unto Tyrone and the Irish Rebels, animating them to persevere in Rebellion. Pope Clement the eighth his Bull for the granting of spiritual livings unto Owen Mac Egan. Pope Clement the eighth his Indulgence to the Irish that were in Rebellion. CLemens P. 8. Vniversis, & singulis vener abilibus fratribus, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, & Prelatis, nec non dilectis filijs, Principibus, Comitibus, Baronibus, ac populis Regni Hiberniae salutem, et Apostolicam Benedictionem: cum jam diu, sicut accepimus, vos Romanorum Pontificum Praedecessorum nostrorum, ac nostris & Apostolice sedis Cohortationibus adducti, ad vestram libertatem recuperandam, eamque adversus Hereticos tuendam & conservandam, bonae memoriae jacobo Giraldino (qui durum servitutis jugum vobis ab Anglis sanctae ecclesiae desertoribus impositum, summo animi ardore depellere dum vixit pro viribus procuravit) Deinde johanni Giraldino ejusdem jacobi Consobrino, & novissime dilecto filio nobili viro Hugoni principi Onel, dicto Comiti Tironensi, Baroni Dungenaniae, et Capitaneo generali Exercitus Catholici in Hiberniâ conjunctis animis et viribus presto fueritis, ac opem et auxilium prestiteritis: ipsique Duces & eorum Milites, nostrum Domini exercitum illis assistentes progressu temporis plurima egregia facinora contra hostes viriliter pugnare perstiterint, et in posterum praestare parati sunt; Nos, ut vos, ac Dux, et Milites praedicti ●lacrius in expeditionem hanc contra dictos Hereticos open in posterum etiam praestare studea●is, spiritualibus gratijs et favoribus vos prosequi volentes, eorundem Praedecessorum nostrorum exemplo adducti, ac de Omnipotentis Dei misericordiâ ac beatorum Petri et Pauli Apostolorum ejus authoritate confisi, vobis omnibus & singulis qui praedictum Hugonem Tyronensem ducem ejusque exercitum Catholicae fidei assertores & propugnatores sequimini, acillis vos adjunxeritis, aut Consilio, Favore, Commeatibus, armis, alijsque bellieis rebus seu quacunque ratione ●is in hac expeditione operam dederitis, ipsique Hugoni Duei ejusque exercitus Militibus universis & singulis, si vere poenitentes & confessi, ac etiam si ●ieri poterit, sacra Communione referti fuertis plenariam omnium peccatorum suorum veniam & remissionem, ac eandem que proficiscentibus ad bellum contrae Turcas, & ad recuper ationem Terrae sanctae per Romanos Pon●ifices concedi solit● est, miserieor diter in Domino concedimus, non obstantibus, si opus ●it, nostris Decretis de non concedendis indulgentijs ad instare, ac susceptionis Indulgentiarum occasione anni jubilaei alijsque constitutionibus et ordinationibus Apostolicis caeterisque contrarijs quibuscunque. Verùm quia difficile foret praesentes nostras ad omnium quorum interest noticiam pervenire volumis, ut earum exemplis etiam impressis manu alicujus Notarij publici subscriptis ac Sigillo personae in dignitat' Ecclesiastica Constitutae munitis eadem fides ubique habeatur quae ijsdem praesentibus haberetur. Datum Romae apud Sanct●m Petrum, sub annulo Piscatoris, die decimo octavo Aprilis, 1600. Pontificatus nostri, Anno Nono Subscrip. The second which was found among Mac Egans Papers, was a Letter written from the holy Father Pope Clemens the eighth, unto Hugh Oneale Earl of Tyrone, to exhort him and all his Adherents, to persevere, (for the defence of the Catholic cause) in their unnatural Rebellion; from the Original whereof this following Copy is extracted. A Letter from Pope Clement the eighth unto Tyrone, and the Irish Rebels, animating them to persevere in Rebellion. DIlecte Fili Nobilis vir Salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem cognovimus ex literis nobilitatis tuae & ex hijs quae dilectus filius Petrus Lombardus Civis nostrae praepositus Cameracensis nobis coram exposuit sacrum foedus, quod tu & quamplures Principes & proceres, & Nobiles primarij regni istius Dei benignitate iniistis charitatis glutin● Colligatum conservari & augeri quodque eiusdem Domini exercitum ope & virtute prospere à nobis pluries pugnatum est adversus Anglos Ecclesiae & fidei desertores magnam ex his voluptatem in Domino cepimus, ipsique Patri miserecordiar' Deo gratias egimus, qui adhuc in regno istoreliquit sibi multa millia virorum qui non curvaverint genua sua ante Baal. Hi enim impias haereses, & prophanas novitates non sunt secuti, imo eas detestati fortiter pugnant, pro haereditate maiorum suorum, pro fidei salute, integritate et unitate cum ecclesia retinenda, qua unae est Catholica et Apostolica extra quam non est salus; laudamus egregiam pietatem et fortitudinem tuam fili & principum, et caeterorum omnium quitecum juncti ac federati nulla pro Dei gloria pericula recusant, seque majoribus suis qui bellicae virtutis & Catholicae Religionis studio, ac laude imprimis floruerunt dignos nepotes & justos Successores ostendunt et palam profitentur: conservate ●ilij hanc mentem, conseruate unionem, et consensionem vestram, & Deus Omnipotens, Deus Pacis & Concordiae erit vobiscum, & pugnabit pro vobis, & quemadmodum fecit prosternet inimicos suos ante faciem nostram; Nos autem qui Nobilitatem tuam & vos omnes avitae fidei & gloriae imitatores paternae, amamus & gerimus in visceribus jesu Christi, non cessamus Deum orare nostrum pro vestrafelicitate & salute, vestrique soliciti sumus & erimus semper quant●m cum Deo poterimus, atque ubi opus fuerit scribemus efficaciter ad Reges & Principes Catholicos filios nostros ut vobis & causae vestrae omni opesuffragentur: Cogitamus etiam propediem mittere ad ros peculiarem Nuntium nostrum, & huius sanctae sodalitiae, in qua Deo authore meritis licet imparibus praesidemus vestrum, pium, prudentem, zelo Dei predict' et nobis probatum, qui nostri erga nos honoris testis sit vobisque omnibus in rebus ubi usus venerit adjumento sit ad salutarem & necessariam Vnionem vestran conservandam, ac Catholican fidem propagandam, ac omnia denique pro sui muneris Officio, officianda, quibus Dei honor & cultus in regno isto augeatur. Interea placuit has nostras literas ad vos praemittere testes amoris nostri, in vos et Regnu● istud, et ut vos omnes tanquam filios nostros in Christo dilectos paterno a●●ectu consolaremur; ipsum verò Petrum Lombardum, quem Nobilitas sua oratorem & negotiorum gestorem constituit apud nos, et jam libenter audivimus, et deinceps audiemus, tibi verò et caeteris qui tibi unanimes pro fidei Catholicae propugnatione adhaerent, nostram & Apostolicam benedictionem benignè impartimur; Denique precamur ut Angelos emittat in circuitu vestro, & pios conatus vestros sua coelesti gratia dirigat vosque dextra suae potentiae perpetuo tueatur. Datum Romae apud Sanctum Petrum, sub Annulo Piscatoris, die 20. januarij, Anno 1601. Pontificatus nostri anno 9 Silvius Antonianus Cardinalis. Dilecto Filio Nobili viro Vgoni Principi Naelio, Exercitus Catholici in Hibernia Duci, & Capitaneo Generali. The third, is an instrument here immediately following, comprehending the prescript form of the Pope's Bull, usually granted in the presentation to spiritual dignities, together with the oath to the Pope's supremacy, and of the Articles of faith, whereunto the Popish Clergy are enjoined to subscribe: All which things being not so familiar in this land (thanked be God) as in former ages, and many no doubt desirous to be made acquainted with the particulars thereof, although it may seem somewhat tedious, by reason of the prolixity, yet have I thought good in this place, to transcribe the same verbatim according to the original. Pope Clement 8. his Bull for the granting of spiritual Livings to Owen Mac Egan. CLemens Episcopus servus ser●orum Dei: Dermitio episcopo Corrag ' salutem & Apostolicam benedictionem: Romani ponti●icis providentiam circumspecta Ecclesijs & Monasterijs singulis, quae vacationis incommoda deplorare noscuntur: ut gubernatorum utilium fulciantur praesidio prospicit diligenter, & personis Ecclesiasticis quibuslibet, ut in suis opportunitatibus, Congruum suscipiant relevamen subventionis auxilio, prout decens est, providet opportunè. Cum itaque sicut accepimus Monasterium Abbatia nuncupatum loci de Namona sancti Benedicti, vel alterius ordinis, Corrag ' Dioc'. certo modo vacaverit, & vacet ad praesens, licet quidam Larcus schismaticus authoritate pretensae Reginae Angliae, jam à multis annis citra Monasterium illiusque fractus redditus, & proventus usurpaverit, & in suos damnabiles usus converterit, & adhuc & convertit: Nos volentes tam eidem Monasterio, de gubernatore utili, & idoneo per quem circumspectè regi, & salubriter dirigi valeat, quum dilecto filio Eugenio Mac Egan dictae Dioc' Bacchalaureo in theologia, et magistro in artibus apud nos de literarum scientia, vitae ac morum honestate alijsque probitatis, ac virtutum meritis multipliciter commendato, ut commodius sustentari valeat dealicuius subventionis auxilio providere ipsumque Eugenium praemissorum suorum meritorum intuitu favore prosequi gratioso, & à quibus vis excommunicationis suspensionib' & interdictis; alijsque Ecclesiasticis sententijs censuris à jure, vel ab homine quavis occasione vel causa latis, si quibus quomodolibet accommodatus existat ad effectum praesentium duntaxat consequendum harum seriò absolventes, & absolutum fore censentes, nec non verum & ultimum dicti Monasterij vacationis modum, et si illo quaevis reservatio generalis, & in corpore juris clausa resultet, praesentibus pro expresso habentes fraternitati tuae per Apostolica scripta mandamus oftendamus, si per diligentem examinationem dictam Eugeniique idoneam repereris ad ipsum Monasterium in commendam obtinendum, super quo conscientiam tuam oneramus, Monasterium praedict' quae cura & conventu curet, ac cujus & illi for san annexorum fructuum redditus, & proventus centum & quinquaginta marcharum sterlingorium, secundum communem ●estimationem valorem annuum, ut dictus Eugenius asserit non excedunt quovismodo, & excujuscunque persona seu per liberam cessionem cujusuis de illius regimine & administratione in Romana curia, vel extraeam, & coram notario publico et testibus fide dignis sponte factam vacat, et si illius provisio ad sedem eandem specialiter vel generaliter pertineat, et super eodem regimine administratione inter aliquos bis habita, cujus statum etiam praesentibus haberi volumus pro expresso penderit indecisa Domini de tempore dat', presentium eidem Monasterio de Abbate provisum, aut illud alteri commendatum canonicè non existat, cum annexis hujusmodi ac omnibus juribus, & pertinentijs suis eidem Eugenio quatenus illud commendari consueverit per cum quoad vixerit, tenendum, regendum, gubernandum, ita quòd liceat eidem Eugenio debitis & consuetis ipsius Monasterij supportatis oneribus, ac tertia parte illius fructuum redituum & proventuum restaurationem ipsius fabricae, seu ornamentorum emptionem, vel fulcimentum, aut pauperum alimoniam, prout major suaserit aut exegerit necessitas omnibus aliis deductis annis singulis impertita; de residuis illius fructibus, reditibus, & proventibus disponere & ordinare, sicuti ipsius Monasterij Abbates qui pro tempore fuerant, de illis disponere & ordinare potuerunt, seu & debuerunt, alienatione tamen quorumcunque bonorum immobilium, & preciosorum mobilium dicti monasterij sibi paenitus interdicta authoritate nostra commendes curam ipsius Monasterij, ac hujusmodi regimen & administrationem eidem Eugenio in spiritualibus & in temporalibus plenariè committendo. Ac illi in adipiscenda possessione, seu quasi regimini & administratione, bonorum Monasterij hujusmodi assistendo facias sibi à dilectis filijs, vassalis, & aliis subditis ejusdem monasterij consueta servitia, & jura sibi ab eis debita, integrè exhiberi contradictores authoritatis nostrae predicta appellatione postposita compescendo: Non obstantibus foelicis recordationis Bonifacij, P. 8. predecessoris nostri & aliis apostolicis constitutionibus, ac monasterij & ordinis praedict' etiam juramento confirmatione apostolica, vel quavis firmitate alia roboratis statutis & consuetudinibus contrarijs quibuscunque. Aut si vassalis & aliis subditis prefatis, vel quibusvis aliis communiter, vel divisim ab eadem sit sede indultum quod inter dici, suspendi & excommunicari non possint per literas apostolicas, non facientes plenam & expressam, ac de verbo in verbum de indubitato hujusmodi mentionem. Volumus autem quod propter commendam monasterij hujusmodi monasterium predictum in spiritualibus, non laedatur & in temporalibus detrimenta non sustineat, sed illius congruè supportentur onera consueta, utque postquam dictus Eugenius repertus fuerit idoneus, & antequam dictum monasterium ei commendetur fidem Catholicam iuxta articulos pridem a dicta sede propositos, in manibus tuis juxta unam profiteri omnino teneatur, alioquin prese●s gratia, & omnia que inde sequentur nulla sint, tuque aliter commendans acollatione beneficiorum suspensus sis eo ipso, sicque suspensus remaneas donec relaxationem suspensionis hujusmodi à sede predictamerueris obtinere, ac quod antequam dictus Eugenius regimini, & administrationi predictis se in aliquo misceat in eisdem manibus tuis nostro & Romanae Ecclesiae nomine fidelitatis debitae solitum prestet iuramentum iuxta alteram formis presentibus adnotatur, ac professionis quam idem Eugenius faciet, et iuramenti quod prestabit formas huiusmodi; nobis de verbo ad verbum per eius patentes literas suo sigillo immunitas per proprium munitium quantociùs destinare procures. Et insuper si dictus Eugenius ad hoc repertus idoneus fuerit, ut prefertur, ei nunc perinde irritum de●ernimus, & mane si serius super bis à quoquam quavis authoritate, scienter vel ignoranter attentari contigerit, ac si die dat' presentium eidem Eugenio ad id reperto idoneo monasterium predictum cum interpositione decreti huiusmodi mandavimus commendari: Forma autem iuramenti hec est. Ego Eugenius Abbas Monasterij, Abbatiae nuncupati loci de Namona sancti Benedicti, vel alterius ordinis Corragen' dioc' ab hac hora ni antea fidelis ero obediens beato Petro sanctaeque Apostolicae Romanae Ecclesiae, & Domino nostro Domino Clementi Papae octavo eiusque successoribus canonicè intrantibus: Non ero in consilio aut consensu vel facto ut vitam perdant aut membrum, seu capiantur aut in eos violenter manus quomodolibet ingerantur vel injuriae aliquae inferantur quovis quesito colore; consilium verò quod mihi credituri sunt per se aut Nuntios seu literas ad eorum damnum me sciente nemini pendam. Papatum Romanum & regale sancti Petri adjutor eis ero ad retinendum & defendendum contra omnium hominum legatum Apostolice sedis in eundo & redeundo, honorifice tractab● & in suis necessitatibus adiuvabo. jura, honores, privilegia & authoritatem Romanae ecclesiae Domini nostri Pape et successorum suorum conservare et defendere, augere et promovere curabo. Nec ero in consilio vel facto seu in tractatu in quibus contra ipsum dominum nostrum vel eandem Romanam Ecclesiam aliqua sinistra seu prejudicialia personarum nostri honoris status et potestatis eorum machinentur, et si talia à quibuscunque tractari novero, vel procurari impediam, hoc pro posse et quanto citus potero commode significabo eidem domino nostro vel alteri per quem ad ipsius notitiam possit pervenire Regulus sanctorum patrum decreta, ordinationes, sententias, prov●siones, reseruationes, et mandata apostolicatotis viribus observabo, et faciam ab aliis obseruari. Hereticos, Schismaticos, et rebelles domino nostro, vel successoribus predictis pro posse persequar, et impugnabo, vocatus ad Synodum veniam nisi propeditus fuero Canonica praepeditione; possessiones vero ad mensam meam pertinentes, non vendam, neque donabo, neque impignorabo, neque de novo infeudabo, vel aliquo modo alienabo, & cum consensu conventus Monasterii mei inconsulto Romano Pontifice, sic me Deus adiuvet & haec sancta Dei evangelia. Forma vero professionis fidei talis est. Ego Eugenius firma fide credo & profiteor omnia, & singula quae continentur in Symbolo fidei, qua sancta Romana Ecclesia utitur, viz. Credo in unum Deum Patrem Omnipotentem factorem Coeli & terrae visibilium omnium et invisibilium, et in unum Dominum jesum Christum filium Dei unigenitum, et ex Patre natum ante omnia secula, Deum de Deo, Lumen de lumine, deum verum de Deo vero genitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri, per quem omnia facta sunt, qui propter nos homines et propter n●stram salutem descendit de coelis, et incarnatus est de spiritu sancto ex Maria Virgine, et homo factus est, crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato, passus et sepultus est, et resurrexit tertio die secundum Scripturas, et ascendit in Coelum, sedet ad dextram Patris, et iterum venturus est cum gloria judicare vivos et mortuos, cuius regni non erit finis; et in spiritum sanctum dominum & unificantem, qui ex patre, filioque procedit, qui cum patre & filio simul adoratur, et conglorificatur, qui locutus est per Prophetas, et unam sanctam Catholicam et Apostolicam ecclesiam; Confiteor unum Baptisma in remissionem peccatorum, et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum, et vitam venturi saeculi, Amen; Apostolicas et Ecclesiasticas Traditiones reliquasque ejusdem Ecclesiae observationes et constitutiones firmissime admitto et complector. It est sacram Scripturam iuxta ●um sensum quem tenuit et tenet sancta Mater Ecclesia, cuius est judicare de vero sensu et interpretatione sacrarum Scripturarum admitto, nec eam unquoā nisi juxta unanimem consensum patrum accipiam et interpretabor; profiteor quoque vere et propriè septem esse Sacram enta novae Legis à jesu Christo Domino nostro instituta, atque ad salutem ●umani generis licet non omnia singulis necessaria, viz. Baptismum, Confirmationem, Eucharistiam, Poenitentiam, extremam Vnctionem, Ordinem & Matrimonium; illaque gratiam conferre, ex his Baptismum, Confirmationem & Ordinem sine sacrilegio reiterari non posse. Receptos quoque & approbatos Ecclesiae Catholicae Ritus in supradictorum omnium Sacramentorum solenni administratione recipio, & admitto omnia & singula quae de peccato originali, et de Iustificatione in sacro sancta Tridentina Synodo definita, et declarata fuerunt amplector, et recipio; profiteor pariter in Missa offerri Deo verum proprium & propitiatorium Sacrificium pro vivis & defunctis, atque in Sanctissimo Eucharistiae Sacramento esse verè realiter & substantialiter Corpus & Sanguinem una cum Anima & Divinitate Domini nostri jesu Christi fierique conversionem totius substantiae Panis et Corporis et totius substantiae Vini in sanguinem, quam conversionem Catholica Ecclesia Transubstantiationem appellat. Fateor ut sub altera tantum specie totum atque integrum Christum verumque Sacramentum sumi constanter teneo purgatorium esse animasque ibi detentas fidelium suffragijs iuvari, similiter et sanctos unà cum Christo regnantes venerandos atque invocandos esse eosque orationes Deo pro nobis offerre, atque eorum reliquias esse venerandos; firmissimè assero imagines Christi et Deiparae semper Virginis, nec non aliorum Sanctorum habendas et retinendas esse ac eis debitum honorem & venerationem esse impartiendum, Indulgentiarum etiam potestatem Christo in Ecclesia relictam fuisse, illarumque usum Christiano populo unanimi salutarem esse affirmo sanctam Catholicam et Apostolicam Romanam Ecclesiam omnium Ecclesiarum Matrem et magnam agnosco; Romano Pontifici beati Petri Apostolorum principis successori ac jesu Christi Vicario veram obedientiam spondeo ac juro. Caetera item omnia à sacris Canonibus & Oecumenicis Consilijs, ac praecipuè ● Sacrosanctâ Tridentina Synodo tradita, definita, & declarata indubitanter recipio; profiteor simulque contraria omnia atque Haereses quascunque ab Ecclesia damnatas & anathematizatas, ego pariter damno rejicio & anathematizo. Hanc veram Catholicam Fidem extra quam nemo salvus esse potest, quam in praesenti sponte profiteor, & veraciter teneo eandem integram et inviolatam, usque ad extremum vitae spiritum constantissimè Deo adjutante retinere, & confiteri atque à meis subditis, vel illis quorum cura in munere meo spectabit, teneri, doceri, & praedicari quantum in me erit curaturum. Ego idem Eugenius spondeo, voveo, & juro, sic me Deus adjuvet, & haec sancta Dei Evangelia. Dat' Romae apud Sanctum Petrum Anno Incarnationis Domini, 1595. Pridie Calend. Novemb' pontificatus nostri Anno quarto. Let the understanding Reader now surcease to marvel, that the Bishop of Rome doth strive and struggle to depose Princes, and to animate and encourage Subjects to heathenish and inhuman murders, and rebellions, since he dareth (like the ancient Giants) to attempt and assault Heaven itself, and to displant and displace from the Throne of his Majesty Christ jesus himself, who is God to be blessed for evermore: what is it else, but to make the Precepts and Traditions of men, equivalent with the doctrine and Commandments of God? what is it else but to usurp an absolute and universal power and authority over the flock of Christ, (as his Lieutenant and Vicar) for the warrant whereof he hath no Commission, nor was he called thereunto as Aaron was? Lastly, what is it else, but to remove and pull downe the Son of God from his triumphant glory, where he sitteth at the right hand of his Father, (and where he must abide, (the holy Apostle bearing witness) till all his enemies be subdued under his feet) and to bring back his glorified body, and Deified soul, at the beck and word of every hedge Priest, into their sacrilegious Sacrament of the Altar; Surely a man need go no further for testimony, seeing the Antichristian lowing of this profane Bull, doth lively delineate, and plainly demonstrate that purple Harlot, which hath made all nations drunk with the dregs of her fornication, having seated herself upon the seven hills of Rome: I should be over troublesome to the Reader, to shake up all the trumpery, and rake in all the dirt contained in his Bull's belly: yet one thing more I cannot pass over with silence, namely for as much as the Pope perceiveth that his kingdom cannot long stand, but that Babel must fall, and Antichrist must be consumed with the breath of the Lords mouth; therefore with prudent care, and politic circumspection, he suffereth none to be initiated into his holy Sacrament of orders, nor preferred to any Ecclesiastical promotion, but he is first bound by his hand, word, and corporal oath, to maintain and defend the pomp, honour, privileges, prerogatives, and doctrines of the Sea of Rome, especially and namely such as are contradictorily repugnant to the written word of God: And that they shall persecute and impugn all those (whether Prince or people) that shall be adjudged Heretics or Schismatics in the Pope's consistory: Consider therefore I beseech thee gentle Reader, whether any Priest that taketh this oath (for they all take it) can be accounted a good Subject to the Crown of England, but to proceed. Many of the Traitors being put to the sword, the strangers banished, and the Provincials protected, as you have heard; there were still remaining in action within Monster (left for example to perdition) Fits Maurice the Lord of Lixnaw, john fits Thomas, the brother of james, the late titulary Earl, the Knight of the Glynn, and Thomas Oge, a Geraldine, all which with their forces joined in one, were not able to make two hundred men, lurking about the Mountain of Slewlugher, and in the Fastness of Clanmorris. CHAP. XIX. False rumours divulged of the State of Monster. The Lord President sent one thousand foot munitioned and victualled to the Lord Deputy. A Letter from her Majesty t● the Lord Precedent concerning the Earl of Clanricard. A Letter from john Burke to the Lord Precedent. A Letter from john Burke to Sir George Thornton. A Certificate from a Popish Bishop in the behalf of john Burke. The Lord Deputy having occasion to employ more forces into Connaght, The Lord President sent one thousand foot munitioned and victualled to the Lord Deputy. he with the Council of estate, upon the eight●e●th of january, wrote unto the Precedent, to pray and require him to spare out of his List of Monster (if he might conveniently do it) one Regiment of one thousand foot, with a competent proportion of victuals, which not many days after was accomplished: Also about this time, the Precedent received a Letter from her Majesty, which although it doth concern the Earl of Clanricard in his particular, yet that the Reader may inform himself, how much that noble gentleman was esteemed (and that worthily) of his Sovereign Mistress, I do think it meet to be related. A Letter from her Majesty to the Lord Precedent concerning the Earl of Clanrickard. Your most assured constantly affected Sovereign, E. R. RIGHT trusty and well beloved, We greet you well, we need not use many arguments to you, when we resolve to recommend either man or matter, seeing you have made so good demonstration of your obedience, and entire affection to perform our will and pleasure, much less than the person or causes of this nobleman (our cousin Clanriccard) whose carriage here doth challenge our extraordinary good opinion, as his merit there procured your own plentiful testimony of the same; even when all trees àid show what fruits they bore: His coming over was to do his duty to us, where he was desirous (as other Noblemen have done) to have stayed some time, unless some occasion for our service should necessarily require his return: Of which kind, because the one hath presented itself, by the going of our Deputy into that Province, where his possessions lie, and that the weak estate of his mother likewise falleth out to be such, as (if Almighty God should call her before the same were better settled) many inconveniences might fall to the house by his absence, he is now returned back, with as much expedition as he can: And therefore we do (as to one of our principal Councillors in that state) recommend him to you to be furthered and assisted in all his occasions, wherein as we know that public trial which he hath made of himself (to the honour of the Nobility of that kingdom) whereof so many scandalous rumours have been spread, only to invite our Enemies under that opinion of their ill affection, both hath, and will invite you to love him, so we do think that we have miss our marks in George, if he shall not have the best fruits, which either your public credit, or private friendship may afford, whosoever we shall recommend as now we do this Nobleman (besides his public desert) for many other constant professions of his humble and reverend affections towards ourself: Let this therefore suffice for him, and for yourself, of whom we can say no more, than heretofore we have done, either of our good opinion of you, or of our gracious thanks, for all your great and honest services: Given under our Signet at our Palace of Westminster the seventeenth of December, 1602. in the five and fortieth year of our Reign. Now although the present estate of this Province, did promise a present reduction and future quiet, yet to make it appear, that the false hearts of the superstitious Irish were no way addicted and inclined thereunto, omitting many instances that I might remember; I will recite only certain particulars concerning john Burke, a gentleman of the county of Limerick, of whom we have spoken before in the beginning of the first book, who much grieved (as it should seem) that their expectations had been frustrated concerning Spanish hopes; this last Summer would therefore take a journey to the Court of Spain, as a general Agent to solicit the King for supplies against the next spring: And therefore suddenly leaving his wife (which was one of Sir George Thorntons' daughters) and family, abo●● the midst of December last fled to the rebel's Camp, not doubting but from them to be furnished with all necessaries for this his employment: at his departure he left certain L●tters with his wife to be delivered to the Precedent, and Sir George T●ornton his Father in law, declaring his intention for a journey into Spain, but to disguise his reasons he made Religion a mask, by pretending a pilgrimage to Saint-Iames, of Compostella and Rome; but because his dissembling may the better appear, I will 〈◊〉 down the word● of his own Letters written to the Lord President and Sir George. A Letter from john Burke to the Lord Precedent. IF you remember Right Honourable (and my very good Lord) the 〈◊〉 time I met your honour, how desirous I was to forsake 〈◊〉 world, and to follow the service of God, from which determination I was (〈…〉 weakness of my spirit) restrained by the simple 〈…〉 my friends; since which time I have been so enamoured with the 〈◊〉, that I did not spare to walk in all the ways where he lead me either of envy, malice, deceit, flattery or falsehood (as I doubt not but your Lordship in some degree noted, when through envy and hatred I have (for to procure their deaths) accused the Lord Burke and othe●s 〈…〉 of treason, and now being 〈◊〉 to satisfaction, 〈…〉 speaking evil of my 〈…〉 with the world; so that by seeking to make my sel●e a 〈◊〉 unto th● world, I was thereby made an enemy unto God, 〈…〉 repentance by the especial grace of God, I 〈…〉 of Rome and Saint james; and do assure unto 〈…〉 carry always as faithful 〈…〉 wish all honour, dignity, and prosperity) as any other of my calling▪ 〈…〉 desire your Lordship not to believe any thing which should be said to the contrary: I have left the little Land● and goods I had 〈…〉, and do desire your Lordship to maintain her in the same until my coming: I would never come amongst these fellows, but for fear my friend's would persuade your Lordship not to grant me your Passport for to go▪ 〈…〉 seeing it hath pleased your Lordship to grant me her Majesty's protection, I will remove from this company, desiring your Lordship to send me your Passport for to go to this pilgrimage, the which I will expect near Cork. And now taking my leave with your Lordship, I rest. Your Lordship's loving Friend john Burke. A Letter from john Burke to Sir George Thornton. RIght Worshipful, and my very loving Father, for that I know you would be much troubled in mind to think, what should move me to depart thus from my wife, friends and lands, I thought good to tell you the very truth, which I desire you without any scruple to believe; I have taken upon me to be a Pilgrim for the space of two years. First I must visit Saint jago in Spain, and from thence to Rome: I have sought the Letters of favour from certain Priests in this Country, to their fellows beyond the Seas: You nor my Lord Precedent may not think, that I go to procure any mischief to the English State, to whom I should be more willing to do good, then able to do harm, I do not now speak unto you in the spirit of flattery or fear, falsehood, or deceit, or for any worldly policy; I speak before God, (and God knoweth that I speak the truth;) I do not go with any intent to harm any person, but only to do judgement upon myself, for a satisfaction unto God for my sins; the little living I have, I do leave with my wife, the which and herself I do leave to your fatherly care: And so I rest. Your Son john Burke. Some man peradventure giving credit to these colourable protestations, would persuade himself that this professed Pilgrimage was the true and only end of this his journey, and so should I, were not these vizards dismasked, and these frauds detected, by certain Letters from sundry Priests, and Popish Clergy men, found and conveyed to the Precedent. I will not trouble the Reader with needless transcripts of these several Letters, I will only relate one or two, which may apparently convince his deep dissembling, written from a Popish Bishop. A Certificate from a Popish Bishop in the behalf of john Burke. NOs Mallachias Dei et Apostolicae Sedis gratia Duacensis in Hiberniâ Episcopus, notum facimus Catholico ac invictissimo Hispaniarum Regi Philippo, Domino Matheo de Oviedo, Archiepis●opo Dublinensi, et Metropolitano Hiberniae: Omnibusque Christi fidelibus, tam spiritualibus, sive regularibus, quam secularibus personis ac si proprio nomine nominare Horum Latorem johannem Burk, Nobilem praestant' virtutis virum propugnatorem Haereticae pravitatis acerrimum, refugium, ac defensor' religiosarum personarum esse, & ob id versari inter Anglos verae fidei d●sertores, in maximo vitae & bonorum quae hereditario jure non sine multorum praesertim Catholicorum commendo, & utilitate adhuc possidet, terras peter● alienas, eo animi decreto ut aliquandò in propriam reversus patriam, & patriae miles & decus esse possit. Proindè vos omnes pietatis et verae religionis a natores, Cathol cum Regem Philippum, Dominum Matheum supra dictos caeterosque cujuscunque nationum conditionisue sitis, quos unafides, unum baptisma, unus spiritus adjunxit▪ Oramus, obsecramus, & obtestamur in Christi visceribus, ut eum praedictum johannem Burke, omni fide, omni auxilio, omni farore, dignissinum Catholicum, de repub' optimè meritum, accipiatis, benigneque tractetis. In cujus rei fidem & testimonium, Sigillum ac Chirographium apposui, etc. Mala●hias Duac' Episcopus. Another that calleth himself Friar Simon de S. S ●●. hath these words, writing to the said supposed Archbishop of Dublin. A Certificate from a Popish Priest in the behalf of john Burke. NOtum tibi facio, ut hoc invictissimo Regi notum facere cures harum Latorem johannem Burke, relictis bonis paternis te adire, quo illi ad Regem aditum praebeas sui temporis opportunitatem, ad peragenda negotia maximi ponderis & momenti, quae unanimis hujus regionis saluti conducunt, etc. If then as in the former Letter he took upon him this journey, to make himself an expert Soldier, whereby he might prove in time a Champion, and ornament to his Country, or if the allegation of the later may be credited, namely that he hath business with the King of Spain, about affairs of great moment and consequence, for the good of this nation, then are his own pretexts of religion, vows and pilgrimages, devised only for a blinder to conceal his traitorous complots: To prevent therefore such mischiefs as might grow unto the State, from his solicitations in Spain; the Precedent was content, that Sir George Thornton should send a messenger unto him (being then in the Rebel's Camp) to revoke and recall him if it were possible, from this irreligious expedition, which at last was effected by the persuasions, which his mother, wife, and friends used unto him. CHAP. XX. The Lord deputy sent to the Lord P●esid●n● for men and munition, and himself to 〈◊〉 unto him. The List of her Majesty's force's in Monster. Sir Edward Wingfield sent by the Lord Precedent with five hundred foot into C●●●aght. The Lord of Lix●aw defeated by Captain Boys. The Castle of Kilco t●k●n by Ca●taine Flower. The Castle of Berengary taken by Sir Charles Wilmot. Sir Charles Wilmot and Sir George Thornton left by the Lord Precedent joint Commissioners for the government of Monster. A Letter sent by the Lord Precedent from the Lord Deputy to the Lords of the Council. THE Lord deputy understanding now in what state the Province of Monster stood, The Lo. Deputy sent to the Lo. Precedent for men & munition, and himself to repair unto him. directed his Letters to the Precedent, requiring of him, that if necessary occasions of present service did not forbid, he would fend to Athlone (for the war of Connaght) certain foot Companies and a proportion of victuals from Limerick, so much as forth of her Majesty's store, there might conveniently be spared, and withal to repair himself unto Dublin, from whence he was to take his journey into England: The list of Monster consisting at that time of Horse and Foot as followeth. The List of Monster as it stood. Of Horse. Lord Precedent. The List of her Majesty's Forces in Monster. 100 Earl of Thomond. 50. Captain William Taffe. 50. 200. Of Foot. Lord Precedent, 200. Earl of Thomond, 200. Lord Audley. 150. Sir Charles Wilmot, 150. Sir Richard percy, 150. Sir Francis Bar●●ley, 150. Sir George Thornton, 100 Captain Francis Kingsmill, 100 Captains George Kingsmill, 100 Captain George Flower, 100 Captain Charles C●ote, 100 Captain Gawen Har●●e, 100 Captain Thomas Boyce, 100 Captain Francis Slingsby, 100 Captain William Stafford, 100 1900. Although there was never weary Mariner in a violent and tempestuous storm, more desired to arrive into his wished Harbour, nor a virgin Bride, after a linger and desperate love, more longing for the celebration of her nuptial, than the Lord Precedent was to go for England, yet was he content to defer his private affections, in regard of the public charge committed unto him; and therefore first he sent for Sir Charles Wilmot out of Kerry, acquainting only him with that journey, because his purpose was, having before hand had good experience of his sufficiency, to leave him in special trust with the government in his absence. Then he took order for the satisfying of the Lord deputy his demands, and therefore, appointed Sir Edward Wingfield with five hundred foot, Sir Edward Wingfield sent by the Lord Precedent with five hundred foot into Connaght. 23. Febr. the three and twentieth of February to take his journey into Connaght: And lastly, having taken order, how the other forces should be disposed, he took his journey from Cork towards Dublin; about the beginning of February being newly come to Dublin, he received Letters from Sir Charles Wilmot, that the Lord of Lixnaw having assembled some two hundred foot and twenty horse, in his Fastness near Listall, Captain Thomas Bois The Lord of Lixnaw defeated by Capt. Bois. left by Sir Charles to command the Garrisons in Kerry, drew upon his quarter in the night, killed eighty of his men, took all his substance of Cows, Hackneys, Garrans, and all his provisions of Wheat, Oatemell, and Butter; so that although his Company, was not all slain, yet were they for ever after unable to assemble together in any number: about the same time also Captain George Flower took in the Castle of Kilcow, The Castle of Kilcow taken by Captain Flower being a place of great strength, and the only Castle in Carbery that held out in rebellion; presently after this defeat, Captain Bois was advertised that the Lord of Lixnaw his brother, Garret Roe Stack, and some other Provincial rebels were in the Castle of Berengary: whereupon that night he blocked up the Castle with a sufficient guard of men, that none should issue forth, until the Governor his Colonel might be acquainted therewith: Sir Charles receiving intelligence hereof, being then holding the Sessions at Limerick, instantly left the City, and taking with him by Sea two small Pieces of Ordnance, presented himself before the said Castle; the Warders and the rest within, perceiving no possible means to escape, yielded themselves to her Majesty's mercy: The Castle of Berengary taken by Sir Charles Wilmot. But the advertisement concerning the Lord of Lixnaw, himself failed, the remainder were all taken, the principals presently executed, and the rest were pardoned by the Lord Lieutenant at his coming to Cork: The Lord President having thus left Monster, Sir Charles Wilmo● and Sir George Thornton left by the Lo. Precedent joint Commissioners for the government of Monster. reestablished in a firm and universal peace, by the assent of the Lord Deputy, having apppointed Sir Charles Wilmot, and Sir George Thornton (joint Commissioners) for governing the Province, prepared himself for England; but before his departure, he made an ample relation to the Lord Deputy and Council, in what estate he had left his Province, and the Lord Deputy and Council having likewise declared unto him, the present estate of the whole kingdom, and also they gave him large instructions, to negotiate with her Majesty and the Lords touching the affairs of Ireland, which done, the Lord Deputy upon the six and twentieth day of February, 26. Febr. took his journey towards Drogheda, to parley with Tyrone, and to receive his submission as he promised, and performed, and at his taking of his leave with the Precedent, he delivered unto him this Letter directed to the Lords of the Council. A Letter sent by the Lord Precedent from the Lord Deputy to the Lords of the Council in England. MAy it please your Lordships; Although I am unwilling to inform you often of the present estate of this kingdom, or of any particular accidents or services, because the one is subject to so much alteration, and the other lightly delivered unto all that are not present, with such uncertainty, and that I am loath to make any project unto your Lordships, either of my requests to you, or my own resolutions here, since so many things fall suddenly out, which may alter the grounds of either; yet since I do write now by one that can so sufficiently supply the defects of a Letter, I have presumed at this time to impart unto your Lordships that I think fit to be remembered, or do determine on: most humbly desiring your Lordships, that if I err in the one, or hereafter alter the other, you will not impute it to my want of sincerity, or constancy, but to the nature of the subject whereof I must treat, or of the matter whereon I work: And first to present unto your Lordships the outward face of the four Provinces, and after to guess (as near as I can) at their dispositions. Monster by the good government and industry of the Lord Precedent, is clear of any force in rebellion, except some few unable to make any forcible head. In Leinster, there is not one declared Rebel: In Connaght there is none but in Orwrks' Country: In Ulster none but Tyrone, and Bryan Mac Art, who was never Lord of any country, and now doth with a Body of loose men, & some Creaghts continue in Glancomkynes, or near the Borders thereof. Cohonoght Macguyre sometimes Lord of Fermannagh, is banished out of the country, who lives with Orwrke, and at this time Connor Roe Macguire is possessed of it by the Queen, and holds it for her. I believe, that generally the Lords of the Countries that are reclaimed, desire a peace, though they will be wavering, till their Lands and Estates are assured unto them from her Majesty, and as long as they see a party in rebellion to subsist, that is of power▪ to ruin them if they continue Subjects, or otherwise shall be doubtful of our defence. All that are out, do seek for mercy, except Orwrke and Osulevan, who is now with Orwrke; and these are obstinate only out of their diffidence, to be safe in any forgiveness. The loose men, and such as are only Captains of Bonnaghts, as Tirrell, and Brian Mac Art, will nourish the war as long as they see any possibility to subsist, and like ill humours, have recourse to any part that is unfound. The Nobility, Towns, and English Irish, are for the most part as weary of the war as any, but unwilling to have it ended, generally for fear that upon a peace will ensue a severe reformation of Religion; and in particular, many bordering Gentlemen that were made poor by their own faults, or by Rebels incursions, continue their Spleen to them now they are become subjects; and having used to help themselves by stealths, did never more use them, nor better prevailed in them, than now that these Submittees have laid aside their own defence, and betaken themselves to the protection and justice of the State; and many of them have tasted so much sweet in Entertainments, that they rather de●ire a war to continue them, than a quiet Harvest that might arise out of their own honest labour: so that I do find none more pernicious Instruments of a new war, than some of these. In the mean time, Tyrone while he shall live, will blow every spark of discontent, or new hopes that shall lie hid in a corner of the Kingdom, and before he shall be utterly extinguished, make many blazes, and sometimes set on fire, or consume the next subjects unto him. I am persuaded that his combination is already broken, and it is apparent, that his means to subsist in any power, is overthrown: but how long he may live as a wood-kerne, and what new accidents may fall out while he doth live I know not. If it be imputed to my fault, that notwithstanding her Majesty's great Forces, he doth still live, I beseech your Lordships to remember how securely the Banditoes of Italy do live, between the power of the King of Spain and the Pope. How many men of all Countries of several times, have in such sort preserved themselves long from the great power of Princes, but especially in this Country where there are so many difficulties to carry an Army, in most places so many unaccessable strengths for them to fly unto; and then to be pleased to consider the great work that first I had to break this main Rebellion, to defend the Kingdom from a dangerous Invasion of a mighty foreign Prince, with so strong a party in the Country, and now the difficulty to root out scattered Troops, that had so many unaccessable Dens to lurk in, which as they are by Nature of extreme strength and peril to be attempted: so it is impossible for any people Naturally and by Art to make greater use of them; And though with infinite dangers we do beat them out of one, yet is there no possibility for us to follow them with such agility, as they will fly to another; And it is most sure, that never Traitor knew better how to keep his own head, than this; nor any Subjects have a more dreadful awe, to lay violent hands on their sacred Prince, than these people have to touch the person of their Oneales', and he that hath as pestilent a judgement, as ever any had to nourish and to spread his own infection, hath the ancient swelling, and desire of liberty in a conquered Nation to work upon, their fear to be rooted out, or to have their old faults punished upon all particular discontents, and generally over all the kingdom, the fear of a persecution for religion, the debasing of the Coin (which is grievous unto all sorts) and a dearth and famine which is already begun, and must of necessity grow shortly to extremity; the least of which alone, have been many times sufficient motives, to drive the best and most quiet estates into sudden confusion: These will keep all spirits from settling, breed new combinations, and (I fear) even stir the Towns themselves to solicit foreign aid with promise to cast themselves into their protection: And although it be true, that if it had pleased her Majesty to have longer continued her Army in greater strength, I should the better have provided for what these clouds do threaten, and sooner and more easily, either have made this Country a razed Table, wherein she might have written her own Laws, or have tied the ill disposed and rebellious hands, till I had surely planted such a Government, as would have overgrown and killed any weeds that should have risen under it: Yet since the necessity of the State doth so urge a diminution of this great expense, I will not despair to go on with this work, through all these difficulties, if we be not interrupted by foreign Forces, although perchance we may be encountered with some new eruptions, and (by often adventuring) with some disasters, and it may be your Lordships shall sometimes hear of some spoils done upon the Subjects, from the which it is impossible to preserve them in all places with far greater forces than ever yet were kept in this Kingdom: And although it hath been seldom heard, that an Army hath been carried on with so continual Action, and enduring without any intermission of Winter breathe, and that the difficulties at this time to keep any Forces in the place where we must make the War, (but especially our Horse) are almost beyond any hope to prevent, yet with the favour of God, and her Majesty's Fortune, I do determine myself to draw into the Field, as soon as I have received her Majesty's Commandments by the Commissioners, who it hath pleased her to send over, and in the mean time I hope by mine own presence or Directions, to set every party on work, that doth adjoin, or may be drawn against any force that now doth remain in rebellion. In which journey the success must be in the hands of GOD; but I will confidently promise to omit nothing that is possible by us to be done, to give the last blow unto the Rebellion. But as all pain and anguish impatient of the present, doth use change for a remedy: so will it be impossible for us to settle the minds of these people unto a Peace, or reduce them unto Order, while they feel the smart of these sensible griefs, and apparent fears which I have remembered to your Lordships, without some hope of redress or security. Therefore I will presume, (how unworthy soever I have been) since it concerns the Province her Majesty hath given me, with all humbleness to lay before your grave judgements, some few things which I think necessary to be considered of. And first, whereas the alteration of the Coin, and taking away of the exchange in such measure as it was first promised, hath bred a general grievance unto men of all qualities, and so many incommodities to all sorts, that it is beyond the judgement of any that I can hear, to prevent a con●usion in this Estate, by the continuance thereof, that (at the least) it would please your Lordships to put this people in some certain hope, that upon the end of the war, this new Standard shall be abolished or eased; And that in the mean time the Army may be favourably dealt with in the Exchange, since by the last Proclamation your Lordships sent over, they do conceive their case will be more hard than any others: for if they have allowed them nothing but indefinitely as much as they shall merely gain out of their Entertainments, that will prove nothing to the greater part: For the only possibility to make them to live upon their Entertainment, will be to allow them Exchange for the greatest part thereof, since now they do not only pay excessive prizes for all things, but can hardly get any thing for this Money; And although we have presumed to alter (in show, though not in effect) the Proclamation in that point, by retaining a power in ourselves to proportion their allowance for Exchange: yet was it with a mind to conform our proceedings therein according to your Lordship's next directions, and therefore do humbly desire to know your pleasures therein. For our opinions of the last project it pleased your Lordships to send us, I do humbly leave it to our general Letters: Only as for myself I made overture to the Council in the other you sent directly only to myself; and because I found them generally to concur, that it would prove as dangerous as the first, I did not think it fit any otherwise to declare your Lordship's pleasure therein. And whereas it pleased your Lordships in your last Letters to command us to deal moderately in the great matter of Religion, I had before the receipt of your Lordship's Letters presumed to advise such as dealt in it, for a time to hold a more restraynt hand therein, and we were both thinking ourselves what course to take in the Revocation of what was already done, with least encouragement to them and others, since the fear that this course begun in Dublin would fall upon the rest, was apprehended over all the Kingdom: So that I think your Lordship's Direction was to great purpose, and the other course might have overthrown the means to our own end of Reformation of Religion: Not that I think too great preciseness can be used in the reforming of ourselves, the abuses of our own Clergy, Church-livings, or Discipline; nor that the truth of the Gospel can with too great vehemency or industry be set forward in all places, and by all ordinary means most proper unto itself, that was first set forth, and spread in meekness; not that I think any corporal prosecution or punishment can be too severe for such as shall be found seditious Instruments of ●orraine, or inward practices, not that I think it fit, that any principal Magistrates should be chosen without taking the Oath of Obedience, nor tolerated in absenting themselves from public Divine Service, but that we may be advised how we do punish in their bodies or goods, any such only for Religion, as do profess to be faithful Subjects to her Majesty, and against whom the contrary cannot be proved. And ●ince, if the Irish were utterly rooted out, there was much less likelihood that this Country could be thereby in any time planted by the English, since they are so far from inhabiting well any part of that they have already; & that more than is likely to be inhabited, may be easily chosen out and reserved in such places by the sea side, or upon great Rivers, as may be planted to great purpose, for a future absolute reducement of this Country, I think it would as much avail the speedy settling of this Country as any thing; that it would please her Majesty to deal liberally with the Irish Lords of Countries, or such as are now of great reputation among them, in the distribution of such Lands as they have formerly possessed, or the State here can make little use of for her Majesty; If they continue as they ought to do, and yield the Queen as much commodity as she may otherwise expect, she hath made a good purchase of such Subjects for such Land. If any of them hereafter be disobedient to her Laws, or break forth in Rebellion, she may when they shall be more divided, ruin them more easily for example unto others, and (if it be thought fit) may plant English or other Irish in their Countries: For although there ever have been, and hereafter may be small eruptions in some places, which at the first may easily be suppressed, yet the suffering them to grow to that general head and combination, did questionless proceed from great error in the judgement here, and may be easily (as I think) prevented hereafter. And further, it may please her Majesty to ground her resolution for the time and numbers of the next abatement of the List of her Army somewhat upon our poor advice from hence, and to believe, that we will not so far corrupt our judgements with any private respects, and without necessity, to continue her Charge, seeing we do throughly conceive how grievous it is unto her Estate, and that we may not be precisely tied to an Establishment that shall conclude the payments of the Treasure, since it hath ever been thought fit to be otherwise, till the coming over of the Earl of Essex; and some such extraordinary Occasions may fall out, that it will be dangerous to attend your Lordship's Resolutions, and when it will be safe to diminish the Army here, that there may be some course thought of by some other Employment, to disburden this Country of the idle Swordmen, in whom I find an inclination apt enough to be carried elsewhere, either by some of this Country of best reputation among them, or in Companies as now they stand under English Captains, who may be reinforced with the greatest part of Irish; That it may be left to our discretion to make Passages and Bridges into Countries, otherwise unaccessable, and to build little Pyles of stone in such Garrisons as shall be thought fittest, to be continual Bridles upon the people, by the commodity of which we may at any time draw the greatest part of the Army together, to make a Head against any part that shall first break out, and yet reserve the places only with a Ward to put in greater Forces as occasion shall require, which I am persuaded will prove great Pledges upon this Country, that upon any urgent cause the Queen may safely draw the greatest part of her Army here out of the Kingdom, to be employed at least for a time elsewhere, wherein I beseech your Lordships to consider, what a strength so many experienced Captains and Soldiers would be, to any Army of new men erected in England, against an Invasion, or sent abroad in any offensive war: But until these places be built, I cannot conceive how her Majesty (with any safety) can make any great diminution of her Army. Lastly, I do humbly desire your Lordships to receive the further explanation of my meaning, and confirmation of my reasons that do induce me unto these propositions: for the Lord Precedent of Monster, who as he hath been a very worthy Actor in the reducement and defence of this Kingdom, so do I think him to be the best able to give you through account of the present Estate, and future providence for the preservation thereof; wherein it may please your Lordships to require his opinion of the hazard this Kingdom is like to run in, if it should by any mighty Power be invaded, and how hard it will be for us in any measure to provide for the present defence, if any such be intended, and withal to go on with the suppression of these that are left in rebellion, so that we must either adventure the kindling of this fire that is almost extinguished, or intending only that, leave the other to exceeding peril. And thus having remembered to your Lordships the most material points (as I conceive) that are fittest for the present to be considered of, I do humbly recommend myself and them to your Lordship's favour. From her Majesty's Castle of Dublin the six and twentieth of February, 1602. After the Lord deputy departed, by reason of Easterly winds the Precedent was stayed above three weeks in Dublin, during which time, every day Posts were employed between them, until the twentieth of March, which was the day the Lord Precedent set sail for England; the day following he arrived at Bewmarris: at his coming to Chester, he met with the lamentable news of the decease of his good and gracious Mistress Queen Elizabeth, for whom, (as he had good cause) he extremely mourned; But two days following (being at Lichfield) he assisted the Major in the proclaiming of King james, which gave him new life, whom I beseech God long to preserve and continue his Posterity for ever, over his triumphant Monarchy of Great Britain and Ireland. Although my Work be finished, yet according to the course I have held in the end of the two former Books, I may not omit to recount to the Reader the most memorable Services, and accidents which happened in this year, 1602. In the Catalogue whereof I must first begin with the forces sent into Carbery with the Earl of Thomond; The sending of Sir Charles Wilmot with his Regiment into Kerry: The Lord Presidents departure from Cork, with the Army towards Donboy: His long abode at Carew Castle, expecting Munition and Victuals: The difficulty he had in his approaching towards Donboy: The defeat given to the Rebels: The arrival of a Spanish Caravell in Bear, with Letters of Comfort, Money, and Munition from Spain: The siege of Donboy, the winning and rasing of it: The Precedents return to Cork, and Sir Charles Wilmots' into Kerry: The flight of james Archer the jesuit, and Connor Odrischall into Spain: The relapse of Sir Owen Mac Carties Sons: The Spanish Hostages returned into Spain: The restraint of Cormock Lord of Muskery: His escape and reduction: The winning of the Castle of Mocrumpe: The defeat of Tirrell and his Bonnoghs in Muskery: The sending of Sir Samuel Bagnall with fifteen hundred men to the Lord Deputy: The Service done upon the Knight of Kerry: The flight of Tirrell with his Bonoghs out of the Province: The defeat of the Rebels in Glangarne: The flight of William Burke with his Bonoghs, Osulevan Bear, and Connor Kerry out of Monster: The overthrow of the Cartyes in Carbery, And the kill of the Pope's apostolic Vicar, Owen Mac Egan: The sending of a Regiment with Munition and Victuals for the service in Connaght: The defeat of the Lord of Lixnaw: The final Reduction of Monster: The appointing of Sir Charles Wilmot, and Sir George Thornton joint Commissioners for the Government of Monster: And the departure of the Lord Precedent into ENGLAND. FINIS.