¶ The long accydence newly correct. HOw many parts of reason been there? Eight which eight? Noun/ pronoun/ verb/ adverb/ participle/ conjunction/ preposition/ and Interjection. ¶ How many been declined & how many been undeclined? Four been declined & four been undeclined. which four been declined? Noun/ ꝓnowne/ verb/ & participle. which four be undeclined? adverb/ conjunction/ preposition & Interjection ¶ How many be declined with case: and how many without case? Three be declined with case/ & one without case. which three be declined with case? Noun/ ꝓnowne/ & participle be declined with case/ & verb all only without case. ¶ How knowest a noun For all manner things that a man may see/ feel/ or understand/ that beareth the name of a thing is a noun. ¶ How many manner of nouns be there? Two. which. two. A noun substantive/ & a noun adjective. ¶ How know you a noun substantyfe? For he may stand by him self without help of an other word/ & is declined in latin with one article or two at the most in one case as hic magister/ hic & hec sacerdos. How know ye a noun adjective? For he may not stand by himself without help of an other word/ & is declined in latin with three articles or with three divers endings in one case/ as no minacivo hic et hec & hoc felix. bonus bona bonum. ¶ How many things long to a noun? vi. which. vi: quality/ comparison/ gender/ number/ figure/ & case what is a quality in a noun? A ꝓperte by the which a noun accordeth only to one thing/ as a man or to many things as men ¶ How many degrees of comparison been there Three: which three? positive/ comparative/ and superlatyfe ¶ How know ye the posytyfe degree? For he is founder & ground of all other degrees of comparison without making more or less/ as fair white and black. ¶ How knowest the comparative degree for he passeth the positive with this adverb more/ & his english endeth in r/ as more wise or wiser. ¶ How knowest the superlative degree for he passeth his positive with this adverb most/ & his english endeth in est/ as most wise or wisest. ¶ what nouns receive comparison/ such nouns adiectyfes that may be made more or less/ as fair fairer fairest ¶ Of whom shall the positive degree be formed/ he is not formed but all other degrees of comparison been formed of him. ¶ Of whom shall the comparatyfe degree be formed/ of his positive: of what case/ sometime of the positive & sometime of the dative. ¶ when shall it be formed of the genetyf case/ evermore when his positive degree is the first declension/ & the second by putting to this termination or/ as docti put thereto or & it will be doctior. Out of this rule been outtake. three exceptions. The first exception is of these two nouns. dexter & sinister making dexterior and sinisterior. And nouns that endeth in us/ as amicus amicitior/ magnificus magniticentior. Si tibi declinet positiuum norma second. Taliter inde gradum debes formare secundum. I brevias quem dat laxatiuus et or superadds Tolle sinisterior cui dextereor sociatur. Quod tibi prebet icus his iungas testis amicus. ¶ The second exception is of these five nouns bonus malus/ magnus/ parvus/ & multus/ & that make the comparative degree unruly. Res bona res melior res optima res mala prior Pessima res magna res maior maxima rerum. parva minor minima dic multis plurimus adds. Plurimus multus sic comparat absque secundo ¶ The third exception is when his positive endeth in ius/ in eus/ in vus/ or in uis/ than the comparatyfe degree shall be fulfilled with his positive and this adverb magis/ as pius magis pius piissmius/ tenuis magis tenuis tenuissimus. Quod fit in ius vel in eus vus aut uis or caruere Per magis et pium quod comparat instituere. ¶ The comparative degree shall be formed of the dative case/ evermore when his positive degree is the third declension/ by putting this termination or/ as nominati vo hic et hec et hoc felix/ gton felicis/ dton felici/ put thereto an or/ than it will be felicior. ¶ Out of this rule take juvenis making iuneor. potis potior nequam nequi or. And words of the third declension that been contained in this verse above. Quod fit in ius. etc. ¶ Of whom shall the superlative degree be formed? Of his posytyfe degree. Of what case? sometime of the nominative case some time of the positive case/ and sometime of the dative case. ¶ when shall he be formed of the nominative case/ ever more when his positive endeth in the letter/ by putting to this termination rimus/ as niger put thereto rimus & it will be nigerrimus. Out of this rule been out take memor that maketh memorissimus. Dexter that maketh dexterrimus & dextimus. Sinister maketh sinisterimus & sinistimus. Albina so these nouns nuperus vetus & maturus & this word dextero that formeth the superlative degree in rimus/ as nuperimus veterimus maturimus & dexterimus. Cum rectus tenet r poteris rimus addere semper In rimus atque timus dexter vel sinister habetur Et memor excipitur memorissimus hinc reperitur Nuperus atque vetus maturus dextero iungis. ¶ Also the superlative degree shall be formed of the noina tyf case in these. u nouns/ agilis/ facilis/ gracilis/ humilis/ & similis/ with their compoundes by doing away is & by putting to lunus/ as agilis/ do away is & put thereto limus and it will be agillimus with double ll. Dat tibi quinque limus que signat dictio fagus Hec agilis gracilis humilis similis facilisque. Et sua composite a que duplicell sunt habenda. ¶ The superlative degree shall be formed of the positive case when his positive is the first declension and the second by putting to this letter s/ and simus/ as nominativo albus a/ ū, gton albi/ albe/ albi. put thereto ss and si mus and it will be albissimus. Out of this rule be out take these words that been contained in this verse. Res bona. And this word ꝓximus and other more that ben contained in these verses following/ that sometime been of the positive degree and sometime of the superlative degree. And when they been. the polytyf degree they lack the superlative degree/ as proximus proximior. Proximus extremus quibus infimus add supmmus Infimus addatur duplex gradus his tribuatur Postremus sequitur auctoribus ut reperitur ¶ The suꝑlatyf degree shall be formed of the dative case when his positive is the third declension by putting to this letter s/ & this termination simus. as nton hic hec & hoc sapiens. gto sapientis. dton sapienti/ put thereto s/ & simus & it will be sapientissimus. Out of this rule been out take these three nouns juvenis adolescens & senex/ & these two adverbs an & subter that lack the suꝑlatyf degree Ante senex juvenis addolescens subter et addis Sola quidem solis utuntur comparativis. ¶ How many prepositions or adverbs been set in the stead of the posytyfe degree/ all these following. Bis septem dicans adverbia prepositas ve Quas nostri patres posuere loco positivi Ante citra prope post extra supraque vel infra Intra nuper ultra pridem penitusque. ¶ Which been the comparatyves y ben even in syllables with their positive/ that been contained in these verses. junior et maior peior et prior et minor ista Et non plura suis equalia sunt positivis Plus minus et primo sunt hec in pectoris imo. ¶ With what case will the positive degree be construed. with a noiatyf case by the strength of his degree: but by the virtue of his signification he may be construed with all cases outtake the nominative & the vocative with the positive as magister est dignus laudis: with a dative case/ as sum similis patri meo: with an accusative case/ as sum albus faciem: with an ablative case/ as sum dignus laud. ¶ with what case shall the comparative degree be construed with by the strength of his degree he may be construed with an ablative case of either number/ as sum doctior illo vel illis/ or with a nominative case with this conjunction quam coming between/ as Ego sum doctior quam ille/ or with an other obly que case/ as mihi opponitur difficilius quam tibi ¶ With what case will the superlative degree be construed with the positive case that betokeneth but two things as ego sum pauperrimus sociorum meorum/ than the suꝑlatyfe degree may be changed in to the comparatyfe/ as in this reason. I am wisest of these twain. Ego sum sapientior istorum duorum. Also the superlative degree shall accord in gender with the positive case that followeth. Omne superlatiwm genitivo sit sociatum Atque suo generi conform cupit retineri. ut pateat verum deus est sic optima rerum ¶ Also the superlative degree may be construed with a genytyve case singular of a noun collectyve/ as Solomon fuit sapientissimus populi. ¶ A noun collectyve is the noun that the singular number signifieth a multitude and then these. Sunt collectiva populis gens quoque turba Turma phalanx legio cunctis sociare memento. ¶ Also the comparative degree may be construed by the virtue of this signification with all cases that his posytyves may while they be of one part of reason. Quam vult structuram gradus offerri sibi primus Illam naturam gradus offerri sibi primus Quod sapias verum dum part manet in eadem Tu prope siste forum recto sermone feretur. Sta propiusque thorum nulla ratione tenetur. ¶ All nouns of the comparatyfe degree been the common gender of two outtake senex & senior the been only the mascu line gender in voice & comyne signification. Comparativis in or semper comunis habetur. Mas tantum senior cui feminium prohibetur. Adiectiva senes seniorque simul recitetur. Hic tamen sumunt generis tamen omnis habetur. I velc postulat or sed dic tantum seniore ¶ How many gendres been there in a noun. seven. which seven. The masculine/ the femynyne/ the neuter/ the common of two/ the common of three/ the epycene & the dubyn ¶ How knowest the masculine gender. For he is declined with hic/ as nominativo hic magister. ¶ How knowest the feminine gender. For he is declined with hec/ as nton hec musa. ¶ How knowest the neuter gender. For he is declined with hoc/ as nominativo hoc scamnum. ¶ How knowest the common gender of two. For he is declined with hic and hec/ as nominatiuo hic et hec sacerdos. ¶ How knowest the common gender of three. For he is declined with hic & hec & hoc/ as nton hic et hec et hoc felix. ¶ How knowest the dubyn gender. For he is declined with hic and hec & a vel coming between/ as hic vel hec dies/ for a day. ¶ And these nouns in these verses been the dubyn gender. Margo diesque silex finis clunis quoque cortex Hec veteres vere dubii generis posuere. Damaque panthera dicas epychena manner ¶ How knowest the epycene gender. for under one voice and under one article/ he comprehendeth both male and female/ as hic passer a sparrow/ hec aquila an eagle. ¶ What nouns been of the epycene gender. Nouns of small birds/ whose discretion of kind may not be lightly known. ¶ And these nouns following been of the epycene gender. Passer mustela miluus dicas epycene Talpaque cum daina iungitur his aquila. ¶ How many numbers been there. Two/ which two/ the singular number and the plural number. ¶ How knowest the singular number. For he speaketh but of one thing as a man. ¶ How knoweh the plural number. For he speaketh of many things as men. How many figures been there. Three/ which three. The simple compound/ & decompounde. Simplex as magnus. Compound as magnanimus. Decompounde as magnanimitas. ¶ How many cases been there. Syxe/ which two. The nominative case/ the positive/ the dative/ the accusative/ the vocative and the ablative. ¶ How knowest the nominative case For he cometh before the verb and anfwereth to this question who or what. ¶ How knowest the gynytyf case/ for of after a noun substantive/ verb substantyfe noun partitive/ noun dystrybutyf/ comparatyfe or superlative is the sign of the genytyve case. ¶ Also when there cometh two substantyves together if the one be haver of that other/ the haver shall be put in a positive case/ as frater Iohis/ the brother of johann & of after a verb adjective participle gerundive or supine/ & of after a ꝓ pre name is the sign of the ablative with a preposition Post proprium nomen post mobile post quoque verbum. Postque gerundiwm post participansque supinum Si veniat sensus genitivi iungito sextum Cum reliquis sextum non iungas sed genitiuum ¶ How knowest the dative case. For to before a noun or a pronoun is the sign of the datyfe case. ¶ How knowest the accusative case/ for he cometh after the verb & answereth to this question/ whom or what. Also to be fore a proper name of a town or city/ and in with a to before a part of a man's body is the sign of the accusative case. ¶ How knowest the vocative case. For he clepeth or calleth or speaketh to. ¶ How knowest the ablative case. By my signs/ in with through before or fro than of after a comparative degree is syngne of the ablative case. And when this word in with a to cometh together it will serve to the accusatyfe case/ and in with out a to will serve to the accusative case/ as in this verse. In to vult quartum sine to vult iungere sextum. ¶ How many declension been there. five/ which. u the first/ the second/ the third/ the fourth/ & the fifth. ¶ How knowest the first declension. For the positive & the dative singular/ the nominative & the vocative plural shall end in e/ the accusative in am/ the vocative shall be like the nominative/ the ablative in a the positive plural in arun/ the datyfe & the ablative in is/ & sometime in abus/ the accusatyfin as A veniens ex us sine neutro transit in abus Sicut mulabus azinabus cum dominabus Hec animatorum sunt discernentia sexum junges ambabus ex ambo duoque duobus. Ast animas famulas non regula des dedit usus ¶ Also these nouns in these verses been the first declension and the neuter gender. Pascha polenta lota zizania mammona manna Sunt neutri generis et declinatio prima. ¶ How knowest the second declension. For the positive case singular/ the nominative & the vocative plural endeth in i/ the dative and the ablative in oh/ the accusative inum. When the nominative case endeth in ror in m/ the vocative shall be like him. When the nominative case endeth in us/ the vocative shall end in e/ as nton hic dominus/ uton oh domine. Us mutabis in e per cetera cuncta second Filius excipitur quo in i vel in e reperitur. ¶ When that nominative case endeth in ius/ if it be a proper name of a man the vocatyfe shall end in i/ as nominativo hic laurentius. vocativo o laurenti. Cum proprium datius tenet i quintus iaciens us. ¶ The positive plural in orun/ the dative & the ablative in is/ the accusative in os/ if it be a proper noun. Of the neuter gender to have three cases like in the singular number and three in the plural/ as nominativo hoc scamnum/ action hoc scamnum/ vocativo o scamnum. Et pluraliter nton hec scamna/ accusativo hec scamna/ vocativo o scamna. Out take ambo and duo. Recto cum quarto sit quinto neutra tenenta. Ambo duoque mari neutrum faciunt simulari ¶ How knowest the third declension? For the genytyfe case singular endeth in is/ the dative in i/ the accusative in 'em or in in/ the vocative shall be like the nomynatyfe the ablative in e or in i. The nominative the accusative and the vocative plural endeth in es/ the genytyfe plural in or in ium/ the dative and the ablatyfe plural in bus ¶ How knowest the fourth declenson. For they positive singular/ the nomynatyfe accusatyfe and the vocatyfe plural endeth in us/ the dative in ui the accusative in the vocative shall be like the nominative/ the ablatyfe in v. The positive plural in vum/ the dative and ablative in bus. ¶ Also these nouns that been contained in these verses hath u before bus in the dative and the ablative plural. Out take these in these verses following. Ante bus u servant ficus tribus arcus acusque Artus cum verubus portus partusque lacusque. Et specus et quercus illis penis associamus ¶ How knowest the fifth declension. For the positive & the dative singular endeth in ei/ the accusative in 'em the vocative shall be like the nominative/ the ablative in e. The nominative the accusative and the vocatyfe plural endeth in es/ the positive plural in erum the datyfe and the ablative in ebus. ¶ Also these nouns of the fifth declenson lack the positive datyfe and the ablative plural out take these in these verses following. Desunt plurali genitivi sive dativi Et sexti quinte nisi res speciesque diesque Progenies vel maneries dic materiesque Ast acies facies predictis addere debes. Ut brito testatur spes istis consociatur ¶ Of the pronoun. HOw knowest thou a pronoun. For he is a part of reason declined with case that it set for a proper name/ and betokeneth as much as a proper name of a man/ and otherwise receiveth certain persons and certain numbers. ¶ How many pronownes been there. xv. which. xv. Ego/ tu/ sui/ ille/ ipse/ iste/ hic/ is/ meus/ tuus/ suus/ noster/ & vester/ similiter nostras & vestras ¶ How many been prymatyves and how many been dyryvatyves. viii. been prymatyves and. seven. deryvatyves which. viii. been prymatyves. Ego/ tu/ sui/ ille/ ipse/ iste hic/ and is. which. seven. been dyryvatyves. Meus/ tuus/ suus/ noster/ vester/ nostras & vestras. Of these. seven. dyryvatyves some been only relatyves/ & some been relatyves and demonstratyves both. Tantum demonstrate ego tu simul hic simul iste jure relative gaudet is atque sui. Monstrant vel referunt ille vel ipse tibi ¶ How knowest a pronoun demonstratyf. For by him is some thing showed. How knowest a pronoun relative/ for by him is some thing showed that is said before How many pronownes hath the vocative case/ & how many lacketh. iiii. hath the vocative case/ & all other lacketh. Quatuor exceptis pronomina nulla vocabis. Tu meus et noster nostras hec sola vocantur. ¶ How many things long to a ꝓnowne. Syxe/ which. vi. quality/ gender/ number/ figure/ person/ & case. ¶ How many persons been there. three. Which three/ the first/ the second/ the third ¶ How knowest the first person/ for he speaketh of himself/ as I or we. ¶ How knowest the two. person: for he speaketh to an other: as thou or ye. ¶ How knowest the third person/ for he speaketh of an other as he or they & every noun pronoun & participle is the third person/ outtake ego nos tu & vos/ with oblyques/ & the vocative case. ¶ How many declensons of pronownes been there. iiii. Which. iiii. the first/ the second/ the third/ the fourth. ¶ How knowest the first declension/ for the positive case singular endeth in i or in is: & the dative in i ¶ How many pronownes been of the first declension. iii which. three Ego tu sui. ¶ How knowest the second declension/ for the genytyfe case singular endeth in ius or in ius/ & the dative in i or in c. ¶ How many pronownes been of that declension? five/ which five? Ille ipse/ iste/ hic/ & is. viii. nouns with their compounds unus ullus totus solus alter alius aliquis uter Cum natis alius uter alter solo quis unus Totus et ullus habe pronoīs ista second. ¶ How many of these. viii. nouns have the vocative case & how many lacketh. Three hath the vocative case and all other lacketh. which three hath the vocative case. unus totus and solus. Pone vocativos cum totus solus et unus Sed non in reliquis quorum laxatiuus in ius. ¶ How knowest the third declension. For the genytyfe case singular endeth in i in e & in i/ & dative in oh in e and in o. How many pronownes containeth he. u which. u Meus tuus suus noster vester. ¶ How knowest the fourth declenson. For the positive case singular endeth in atis & the dative in ati. ¶ How many pronownes been of the declenson. two. which. two. nostras & uras: & a noun gentle: as cuias atis. Here is difference between cuias atis & cuius a/ ū. Cuias de gente vel de patria solet esse. Cuius de gente cuium de re petet apt. HOw knowest a verb. For he is a part of reason declined with mode & tense without case or article/ & betokeneth to do to suffer or to be. How many things long to a verb. seven. which. seven. mode/ conjugation gender/ number/ figure/ time/ & person. ¶ How many modes been there. u which. u the indicatyf/ imperatyf/ oꝑtatyf/ conjunctive/ & the infinitive. ¶ How knowest the indicatyf mode. For he showeth a reason sooth or falls by the way of asking or of telling. ¶ How knowest the imperatyf mode. For he biddeth or commandeth. How knowest the oꝑtative mode. For he willeth or despreth/ & this word would god is sign of the optative mode. Also these three english words/ would/ should/ or were/ be the sign of the optative mode presentense & these. iiii. latin words following by the signs of the optatyfe mode Des optativo utinam ne quatinus osi. ¶ How knowest the coniunctyve mode/ for he joineth a verb to him/ or is joined to an other. And these words following serve to the coniunctyve mode. Siquamuis quamquam tam et licet atque prius quam Antequam an donec ut postquam sive quous quam. Cum nisi quin acsi quo coniungit tibi recte Indicat et quando dum sunt sicut cetera plura ¶ How knowest the infynytyf mode/ for to before a verb is sign of the infynytyf mode/ or else when there cometh two verbs togydet without a relative or a conjunction the latter shallbe the infynytyf mode ¶ How many conjugations been there. iiii. which. iiii the first/ the second/ the third/ the fourth. ¶ How knowest the first coniugation/ for he hath a long before there in the infynytyf mode of the active voice/ or in the imꝑatyf mode of the passive voice ut amare. ¶ How knowest the second conjugation/ for he hath an e long before the re in the infynytyf mode of the active voice or the imꝑatyf mode of the passive voice/ as docere. How knowest the third conjugation. for he hath an e short before the re in the infynytyf mode of the active voice/ or in the imperatyf mode of the passive voice/ as legere ¶ How knowest the fourth coniugation/ for he hath any long before there in the infynytyf mode of the active voice/ or the imperatyf mode of the passive voice as audire. ¶ How many gendres of verbs been there. u which. u active/ passive/ neuter/ common & deponent. How knowest a verb active/ for he endeth in oh & may take r upon oh & make of him a passyfe/ & of a verb active cometh. two. partycyples/ but of a verb active that lacketh the supynes cometh but one participle. All manner verbs that betoken dread lacketh supynes outtake these in these verses Absque supinis sunt omnia verbatimoris. Formido/ trepido/ dubito/ tremit excipiantur Et vereor veritum dat ut auctores memoriantur ¶ All these verbs been verbs actyves that lack supynes Respuo linquo tenet disco posco metuoque Sileo cum renuo cavet addimus urget et ango. Hec sunt activa tamen illis nulla supina. ¶ How knowest a verb passyfe? For he endeth in r and may do away his r & turn again to his active. ¶ How many partycyples come of a verb passive. two. which. two. one of the pretertcns/ an other of the last futertens in dus ¶ How knowest a verb neuter? For he endeth in oh/ & may not take r upon oh/ nor make of him a passive. ¶ How many partycyples come of a verb neuter. two. as doth of a verb active/ but of such verbs neuters that lack supynes cometh but one participle. & all verb neuters that betokeneth shining or dread/ lack supynes/ out take these in these verses following. Que daunt splendorem vel que dant verba timorem. Nulla supmantur: sed quatuor excipiantur. Unde chorusco facit atum/ dat fulgeo fulsum Et verear veritum formido supinat in atum. ¶ All verb neuters of the second coniugation makyn ye the pretertens in vilacke supynes. Outtake these in these verses following. En per uineutra tacuere supina second. Formatitum doleo/ noceo/ placco/ valeoque. Pareo preber itum/ licet ac oleo taceoque. Pertineo cohibet his attinco sociato Cum dat ui pateo passum: lateo latitum that Dat careo carvi caritum cassum ve supino Pando pati pateo passum fecere supino ¶ And of some verb neuters/ as verb neutre passives cometh three partycyples/ as of audio cometh audience ausus ausurus. Neutra passiva dant participantia trina. Audeo cum soleo fio cum gaudeo fido Quinque puer numero neutra passiva tibi do ¶ All these verbs that been contained in these verses been verb neuter passives. Exulo vapulo veneo fio nubo liceoque. Sensum passivi sub voce gerunt aliena. ¶ How knowest a verb deponent. For he hath a letter of the passive and signification of the active/ but there been four verbs deponentes that have no pretertens that been contained in these verses following. Quafuor hec liquor medeor vescor reminiscor. Nam circumloquium de se dant preteritorum. ¶ How knowest a verb common. For it hath a letter of the passive & signification of the active & passive both Largior experior veneror moror osculor horror Criminor amplector tibi sunt communia lector Sibene connumeres interpreter hospitor adds ¶ How many partycyples come of a verb common. iiii. as largiens largitus largiturus largiendus ¶ How many tens been there in a verb. five which five/ the presentens/ the preterimꝑfectens/ the preterꝑfectens/ the preterpluꝑfectens/ & the futertens. ¶ How knowest the presentens/ for he speaketh of the time that is now: as I love. ¶ How knowest the preterimperfectens. For he speaketh of the time that is little past without one of these signs have or had/ as I loved. ¶ How knowest the preterperfectens? For he speaketh of the time that is fully passed with this sign have/ as I have loved. ¶ How knowest the preterpluperfectens? For he speaketh of the time that is more than fully past/ with this sign had/ as I had loved ¶ How knowest the futertens? For he speaketh of the time that is to come with this sign shall/ as I shall love ¶ How many persons be ther. three. which. three. the first as lego/ the second as legis/ the third as legit. HOw knowest an adverb. For he is a part of reason undeclined/ that standeth next the verb to declare & fulfil the signification of the verb. ¶ How many things long to an adverb. iii which. three signification comparison & figure. ¶ How many adverbs of places been there. iiii. Which. iiii. unde from whence Vbi where. Quomodo whether. Qua whereby. unde ubi quo vel qua loca querunt quatuor issta. Quo petit ad/ qua per/ in ubi/ unde petit de. ¶ How many degrees of comparison been there? Three: which three. The posytyfas docte/ the comparatyfe as doctus/ the superlatyfas doctissime. ¶ Of the participle. HOw knowest a ꝑtycyple? For he is a part of reason declined with case the taketh part of a noun part of a verb/ part of both. What taketh he of a noun gender & case. What of a verb/ time & signification. What of both. Number and figure. ¶ How many things long to a participle. six which six gender case time signification/ number and figure ¶ How many gendres been there in a participle. iiii. which. iiii. The masculine as lectus/ the feminine as lecta/ the neuter as lectum/ the common as hic ethec et hoc legens ¶ How many cases been there in a participle. Syxe as in a noun. ¶ How many tens been there in a participle. iii the presentens/ the praetertense/ & the futertcns. ¶ How many manner of partycyples been there. iiii. which. iiii. The participle of the presentens/ a participle of the pretertens a participle of the first future/ & an other of the latter future. ¶ How knowest a participle of the presentense? By his english & by his latin. How by his english. For his english endeth in king or in and/ as loving lovande/ and his latin endeth in ans or in ens: as amans docens. ¶ How knowest thou a participle of the praetertense. By his english and by his latin. How by his english? For it beginneth with I/ as I loved/ and his latin endeth in tus or in sus/ as amatus visus. ¶ How knowest a participle of the first futertens. By his english and by his latin. How by his english. For it be gynneth with to without be/ as to love/ & his latin endeth in rus/ as amaturus docturus. ¶ How knowest a participle of the latter futuretense. By his english & by his latin. How by his english. For it beginneth with to and be/ as to be loved/ and his latin endeth in dus/ as amandus docendus. Ens ans presentis semper dictemporis esse. Tus sus preteriti: rus dus sic esse futuri ¶ Which been the active significations/ ens ans & rus And tus sus and does be of the passive signification. Ens ans rus et agunt/ & tus sus dus patiuntur Si deponctis bene preteritum recitabis Hinc semper sensus vis utriusque datur. Idcirco semper dicetur convenienter. Nos simul a nobis auxiliatus eris. ¶ Of whom shall the participle of the presentense be formed. Of the first person singular number of the preterimpfectens of the indycatyf mode by changing bam in to n and s/ as amaban change bam in to n and s/ & it will be amans. Out of this rule been outtake tens of ibam quiens of quibam/ with their compounds making the positive in vntis/ except ambientis of ambientis. Ens entis donat sed ab hinc tu pauca retractes Semper iens vel quiens cum natis format in untis. Ambo participem recte formabit in entis ¶ Of whom shall the participle of the presents be formed. Of the latter supine by putting to this letters/ as lectu/ put thereto s/ & it will be lectus. ¶ Of whom shall the ꝑtycyple of the first futur be formed. Of the latter supyn/ by putting to this termination rus/ as lectu/ put thereto a rus & it will be lecturus. Outtake nasciturus of nascor and ignosciturus of ignosco. Nascor et ignosco contra normam duo nosco Hec et non plura per rus formare futura. ¶ Of whom shall the participle of the last futur be formed of the positive case singular number of the participle of the presentense by changing 'tis in to dus/ as amantis change 'tis in to dus/ & it will be amandus. Ens ans presentis dus forms de genitivo Tus rus postremum sus fac formare supinum ¶ How many manner of wise may the voice of the participle be changed in to a noun: ivi. manner of wise. the first by composition/ as doctus indoctus. The second wise by comparison/ as doctus doctior doctissimus. The third wise when he may be construed with an other case than the verb that he cometh of/ as sum doctus grammatice. The fourth wise when he lygnyfyeth no tens as amandus id est dignus amari worthy to be loved. Dum mutat regimen fit participans tibi nomen. Dum perdit tempus dum comparat associamus Sit tibi compositum dum simplex sit tibi verbum. ¶ Of the conjunction. HOw knowest a conjunction. For he is a part of reason undeclined that bindeth or joineth words of setences together in order. ¶ How many things longen to a conjunction three: Which three. Power/ figure/ and order. Two nomynatyfe cases singular with an et conjunction copulative coming between will have a verb plural. If neither of them be a negatyfe two substantyves singular with an et conjunction copulative coming between will have an adjective plural. If neither of them be a negatyf two antecedent singular with an et conjunction copulative coming between will have a relative plural. If neither of them be a negative/ two nominative cases singular/ two substantives singular/ two antecedent singular with a vel coniunccyon dyliunctyfe coming between the verb the adjective & the relative following accord with him that is next him/ as vir vel mulier est alba vel pulchritudo decora. ¶ How many manner of wise may this coniunccyon be put between unlike cases. three manner of wise/ the first when he is put after a pronoun possessyve/ as hecres est mea & fratris mei/ the second wise when he is put after a word that is construed with divers cases/ as miserior tui et socio tuo the third wise when he is put after a proper name of a city or town/ as moratus sum Oxome et londoniis. HOw knowest a preposition: For he is a part of reason undeclined/ that is set before all other parts of reason in apposition or composition. In apposition when he serveth to no case. In composition when he serveth to no case and is compounded with an other word. Also these prepositions that been contained in this verse will serve to to the accusative case. ¶ Da prepositiones casus accusativi: ut ad apud. etc. ¶ And all these prepositions that be contained in this verse will serve to the ablative case. ¶ Da prepositiones casus ablativi: ut A abs etc. ¶ Also these prepositions that been contained in this verse will serve to both. Da utriusque prepositiones: ut in sub super etc. ¶ What is the property of a preposition in composition to change to make less or to fulfil the signification of the word that he is compounded with. Sensum preposite complent mutant minuunt ve Clarus preclarus ridet subridet apollo Impius incurus subtristis et hec tibimonstrant Adiuncte voces semper partenque subintrant. ut docuit sani sententia nos priscianis. ¶ Which prepositions standeth ever in apposition & never in composition. Cum tenus absque sine penes ac apud prepositive Semper stare petunt nunquam stant compositive ¶ A preposition in composition often times serveth the same case that he doth in apposition. Verbo composito eadem quandoque locabis Quem dat componens ut vis exire penates ¶ How many prepositions standeth evermore in composition & never in apposition and serveth to no case. Indivisive sunt voces preposive An di disre se co con plures nescio vere ¶ How knowest a very preposition from an adverb serving an accusative case put in the stead of a preposition may never be put without his case. Ad per apud propter penes obtrans ergaque preter Prepositive mere dic hec quartum retinere ¶ Of the Interjection. HOw knowest an Interjection? For he is a part of reason undeclined: that betokeneth passion of a man's soul with an unperfect voice/ with joy sorrow/ wonder/ dread/ or indignation/ as hate/ hay/ fie alas/ weleawaye/ so how/ out out and other like. Euge ones is as much for to say as well thou be/ & euge euge is as much for to say in english as out out. Euge semel carum: bis dictum signat amarum. Heu dolet heusque vocat donati regula sic stat. ¶ How many cases may an Interjection be joined to/ to all cases. To a nominative case/ as Prohdolor pater meus est infirmus. To a genytyfe case/ as O misere vite. To a datyfe case/ as heu miht. To an acccusatyve case as heu me. To a vocative case as O filicare. To an ablative case/ as O casu duro. Accusativis heu iungas sive dativis. ¶ sometime a noun is put by him self as an interieccy on as infandum/ sometime with an other noun/ as ubi gratia/ sometime with a pronoun/ as vestri gratia. Interiective dic nomina pluralocari Et pronomen eis quandoque petit sociari Infandum sic me miserum tibi testificatur Verbi gratia vestri gratia sicque locantur ¶ Of concords of grammar. hOw many concords of grammar been there? five which five? The first between the nominative case & the verb. The second between the adiectyfe and the substantive. The third between the relative and the antecedens. The fourth between the noun partytyf & the positive case that followeth. The fifth between the superlative degree and the positive case that followeth. In how many shall the nomynatyfe case and the verb accord. In two/ which two. In number and person. In how many shall the adjective & the substantive accord. In three/ which three. In case gender & number. In how many shall the relative & the antecedens accord. In. iii which. iii In gender/ in number/ & person. In how many shall the noun partytyf and the positive case that followeth accord. In one/ which one. In gender only. In how many shall the superlative degree & the genytyfe case that followeth accord. In one/ gender only. ¶ Rule of verb. ¶ How many tens been formed of the preterperfectens of the indicatyfe mode. vi. which. vi. The preterpluꝑfectens in the same mode. The preterpluperfectens of the oꝑtatyve mode. The preterperfectens the preterpluperfectens & the futertens of the conjunctive mode. And the preterpluperfectens of the infynytyfe mode. How many changeth i in to e/ and how many holdeth i still. Three changeth i in to e/ &. iii holdeth I still/ which. iii changeth i in to e. The preterpluperfectens of the indycatyfe mode/ as amavi/ change i in to e/ and put thereto a ram & it will be amaveran. The preterperfectens of the coniunctyf mode as amavi/ change i in to e & put thereto a rim/ & it will be amaverim The futuretense of the same mode/ as amavi/ change i in to e/ & put thereto a ro & it will be amavero. which three hold I still. The preterpluperfectens of the coniunctyve mode/ as amavi hold i still & put thereto ss & sem & it will be amavissem. The preterpluperfectens of the Indicatyfe mode/ as amavi hold i still & put to sand see and it will be amavisse. ¶ Thus endeth the accydence imprinted at London By winkin de word. Wynkyn. de. word. printer's device of Wynkyn de Worde