Here beginneth a treatise called. Peruula. depiction of master with his students WHat shalt thou do when thou haste an english to be made in latin. I shall rehearse mine english first ones/ twice or thrice. and look out my principal verb/ and ask him this question/ who or what. And that word that answereth to the question/ shall be the nominative case to the verb. But if it be a-verbe impersonal/ As in this ensample (The master teacheth scholars) Techyth is the verb. Who teacheth/ the master teacheth. The master shall be nominative case to the verb. And that word that cometh after the verb/ shall most commonly be the accusative case. as (Magister docet me) And when I have an adjective noun/ pronoun. participle or relative I shall ask this question foresaid/ who or what/ & that word that answereth thereto/ shallbe the substantive to the adjective. & the antecedens to the relative. ¶ When two substantives come together longing both to one thing/ they shall be put in one case. As my father a man loved me a child (Pater meus, vir diligit me puerum.) The nominative case and the verb accord in two. which two. In number and in person. As (Ego. lego. Tu legis. Ille legit.) ¶ unde versus ¶ Verbum cum recto dic-concordari duobus Persona. numero. sic tradit regula nobis ¶ The adjective & the substantive shall accord in three. Which three. In case/ gender and number ¶ Versus ¶ Come substantivis tribus adiectiva locabis ¶ In casu genere numero da mobile fixo ¶ The relative & the antecedens shall accord in three which three. In Gendre Nombre and Person. As Pater meus qui. Mater mea que. caput meum quod ¶ Come precedente tribus his coniunge relatum ¶ Persona. numero. sit genus associatum ¶ The noun partityf and the genitive case that followeth shall accord in gender only. as (unus sociorum ¶ Est partitivi genus. ut genus est genitivi ¶ The noun of the superlative degree shall accord in gender only with the genitive case following. as deus est optima rerum (homo est dignissima creaturarum. ¶ Omne superlatum genitivo sit sociatum. ¶ Atque suo generi conform cupit retineri ¶ pateat verum. sic deus est optima rerum ¶ Two nominative cases singular with a conjunction copulative between/ will have a verb plural. as Ego & tu legimus) ¶ unde versus ¶ Dant in plurali verbum iuncti duo recti ¶ Two substantives with a conjunction copulative between/ wyll-have an adjective plural. ¶ Substantiva duo si singula sint tibi juncta. ¶ Tunc adiectiwm semper plurale requirunt. ¶ Two antecedens singular with a conjunction copulative between/ will have a relative plural. ¶ Post duo nomina singula des plurale relatum ¶ When any nominative case cometh between the relative & the verb/ the relative shallbe such case as the verb will have after him. & that is the most commonly the accusative case. as (Ego quem magister docet timeo virgan ¶ When any nominative case cometh between the relative & the verb/ thenne the relatif shallbe the noinatif case supponent to the verb. as (ego qui scribo sedeo) If the verb that cometh next the relatif be a verb impersonal thenne shall the relative be such case as the verb impersonal requireth. as (ego cui opponitur attendo. ¶ Si quis structuram verborum noscere gliscat ¶ Horum naturam per metra sequentia discat How many verbs have strength to couple like case Verbs substantives betokening to be/ verbs vocatyves/ as (nuncupor appellor nominor vocor dicor.) Anglice to be called/ cleped or named/ Verbs passyves'/ as (eligor. reputor. ordinor ¶ and generally when the word that goeth before the verb & the word that folowrth the verb long both to one thing/ what manner of verb that ever be/ put both in one case/ as (ego sum puer (tu vocaris petrus. Paulus eligitur maior londoniarum.) Laicus non sedet judex in causis ecclesiasticis ¶ Sum fio maneo dic existo fore consto ¶ Presto persisto cum subsisto simul exto. ¶ Quando notant substans. similes deposcere calus ¶ Verba vocativa vim consimilem retinebunt ¶ Nominor appellor sic nuncupor addito dicor. ¶ Et vocor. & quedam passiva (sic eligor urbis ¶ Prefectus reputor sapiens) fit hoc generale ¶ Si quorum precedat verbum. verbum ve sequatur ¶ Pertineant ad idem. casu ponantur eodem ¶ Eminet. apparet. seden judex. eo velox. ¶ Hec poscunt similes post se pre se quoque casus ¶ Desino. desinis. desij vel desivi/ desinere. desinendi desinendo desinendun. desitu desitu. desinens desiturus Anglice/ to sesse or to leave of. Et potest construi cum Genitivo. & ablativo cum prepositione a vel ab. Desino ludi. vel Desino a ludo ¶ unde versus ¶ Desinet abstineo dabis indigeo genitivo. ¶ At auget & dominor miserere valet careoque. ¶ Inuideo patior accuso consulo consto ¶ Arguo condemno moneo reprehendo recordor ¶ Et memini dignor obliviscor reminiscor ¶ Participo recolo miror/ tu cetera quere These verbs following most commonly construed with a dative case after them. & in the passive voice they been verbs impersonales. as mihi obuiatur. tibi parcitur. magistro non placetur ¶ unde versus ¶ Obuto parco placet respondeo seruio nocet ¶ Precipit opponit concludo iunge dativis. ¶ Supplicet arridet faveo daco proficit horret ¶ Subuenit addatur succurrit propiciatur Congruo compatior confert succedit adulor ¶ Sufficit aspirat. valedico gratulor astat ¶ Imminet equivalet alludit obedit obstat. ¶ Occurrit estuat. & cedo quando locum dat. ¶ Insidior pateo minor ast obtempero fido. ¶ Derogo condoleo preiudico detono defert ¶ Suppetit his iungas. que sum componit eis das. ¶ Hec & quamplura ternis coniungere cura ¶ These verbs following will construe with two accusative case. Versus ¶ Postulo posco peto doceo flagito celo ¶ Eruo cum vestit. manet induo calceo cingo. ¶ Accusativos geminos hec verba requirunt. ¶ Passivis quorum postremus iungitur horum ¶ When this sign the followeth a noun adjective verb/ or participle betokening part or all/ the casual word following this sign in metre of times is put in the accusative case. as (Virgo venusta faciem In prose in the ablative case. as (Venusta fancy) ¶ Adiectiva regunt passiva/ verbaque neutra. ¶ Accusativos per synodochen sibi iunctos. ¶ Come parts toti tribuamtur. totunve parti ¶ Sed pocius metris quam prosis synodoche fit) ¶ these verbs following have an ablatif case after them ¶ unde versus ¶ Vescitur & fruitur. caret utitur atque potisur. ¶ Hec ablativos transitione regunt ¶ Et iungas car●o plus sexto quam genitivo ¶ Vescor. ceris. caret preterito vesci/ to eat/ Fruor/ is to use a thing for itself/ or to have delight therein. As Fruor deo bonis suis) Fruor amicorum colloquio. Fruor tuo cantu ¶ Vtor. eris. usus sum. uti/ to use or to were a thing for another cause/ than for itself. as (utor armis. utor libris. utor study. ¶ Fungor. geris. functus sum fungi/ to use or to hold an office. ¶ Potior. iris. potitus sum. potiri. to have or to obtain (rex potitur victoria) ¶ Divinis fruimur exoptatisque potimur ¶ Vtimur utilibus. fungimur officioque ¶ Vescimur ac escis cum potu delicijsque ¶ A noun substantive/ or a pronoun with a participle depending of an other/ shallbe put in the ablatif case absolute. as (magistro legente pueri proficiunt.) ¶ Est ablatiuus quandoque regente solutus) ¶ Si nomen vel pronomen cum porticipante. ¶ jungitur. & nullum dependens est tibi verbum. ¶ vento flante gradior. socio comitant ¶ Gaudet me vivo matter/ dolet atque sepulto ¶ these five verbs impersonales (Penitet. Tedet Miseret. pudet & piget● will have the accusatyr case in the stead of the nominative case. and a positive case in stead of the accusative case. as) Penitet me tui) Te det animam meam vite me) ¶ Versus. ¶ Penitet & tedet miseret pudet & piget. ista ¶ Accusativos poscunt simul & genitivos. ¶ Natura primum. sed transicione secundum. ¶ These verbs impersonals will construe with a dative case. as (Libet tibi. placet mihi) ¶ Versus ¶ Hec libet atque licet placet & libet accidet add. ¶ Congruit & evenit contingit expedit inde ¶ Pertinet incumbit vacat tedet. quique prestat ¶ Come reliquis paribus intersociata dativis ¶ All verbs impersonals of the passive voice will have a datyfe or an ablative case with a preposition. as (Mihi opponitur. A rege pugnatur ¶ Versus ¶ Passive vocis impersonale dativis ¶ Aut sexto iungas. cum preposito preeunte. ¶ A pueris itur. a preceptore venitur) ¶ Regi seruitur. sed non sibi credo placetur. ¶ When the english of the infynityf mode cometh after any of these nouns (tempus causa locus etc) it may be put in a gerundive in di. as (tempus est orandi Causam habeo flendi. Locus est dormiendi. ¶ unde ¶ Tempus causa locus libertas iusque voluntas ¶ Ars modus atque licencia/ omnia talia queque ¶ Prima solent post se vocitare gerundia iure) ¶ Est tempus flendi. non est mihi causa dolendi. ¶ Queen nunc narrandi non locus. africus inquit When the englyssh of the infinitif mode cometh after a verb/ or a participle betokening beseeching or praying Or the english of a participle of the presentense cometh after a noun adjective with this sign of/ it may be put in a gerundive in do. as I am weary of sitting. faint of fasting (Fessus sedendo. fatigatus ieiunando. ¶ Pone gerundia do post rogantia verba ¶ Post adiectiva. matter mea fessa sedendo ¶ Te rogo de dando veniam mihi. deque mirando) When the signification of a participle of the presentense cometh after a noun substantive which this preposition in/ afore him/ it may be put in a gerundive in do. ¶ Participans presens post substantiva repostum ¶ Inque gerundivo vel participante locato. ¶ gladiatores pugnando vulnera figunt. ¶ Est in cantando frater meus. orpheus alter When the participle faileth/ I shall take the same tens of the verb that the participle should come of/ & the relative (qui) put in the nomynatyfe case. And it be a verb impersonal/ the relative shallbe such case as the verb impersonale requireth after him. as I am opposed (ego sum cui opponitur) My father is riden (Pater meus est a quo equitatur. ¶ Versus ¶ Si tibi participans desit. quo pone relatum. ¶ Tempus idem qui sui quod deposcit fore verbi ¶ When the english of the infinytyf mode cometh after a reason. & telleth the cause of the reason▪ it may be put in a gerundive in dumb. with this preposition ad. as (Venio ad discendum grammaticam. ¶ Vn ¶ Ad dum causa dabit. non est cibus ad comedendun ¶ Ad mea tergendum vulnera mappa deest. ¶ A gerundive in dumb. may come in speech with this preposition. inter. as. inter sedendum. id est dum sederet as. they walk. inter ambulandum. as they road. inter equitandum. ¶ unde versus ¶ Inter quandoque cum dum preponitur apt ¶ Inter prandendum pro dum pranderet habetur. ¶ Hinc maro fit testis. age tytere & inter agendum. ¶ Occursare capro cornu fert ille caveto When the signification of the infinitif mode followeth this englyssh it is. as the king it is to sit. Scolars it is to study. or must needs study (regem pugnandum est Scolares studendum est omnino It shallbe put in a gerundive in dumb. with this verb. est. put impersonal. ¶ Impersonali verbo est quoque iungitur ecce ¶ Vincendum est hostes regem per prelia nostrum. ¶ When the english of the infinitive mode cometh after a verb. or a participle betokening moving or going to a place/ it may be put in the first supine From a place/ in the latter supine. as (Vado venatum Venio venatu) ¶ Versus ¶ Post motus verbum bene ponis utrumque supinun ¶ Ad loca vuit primum. de vult signare secundum. ¶ In the stead of the first supine failing/ I shall put a gerundive in dumb. with this proposition ad. and in stead of the latter supine failing. I shall put the gerundive in do. with one of these (a ab de) ¶ unde ¶ Pone gerundiwm tibi deficiente supino. ¶ Ad dum pro primo/ de cum do pone secundo ¶ Ad bona discendum dogmata pergo celer ¶ De bona discendi dogmata nunc venio ¶ When the english of the infyniytyf mode cometh after a noun adjective ending in ilis. or in bilis. it may be put in the latter supine (Virgilius) Nec visu facilis. nec dictu effabilis ulli (Salustius. Incredibile memoratu. miserabile auditu. ¶ unde Versus. ¶ Post adiectiwm bilis ac ilis esto secundum ¶ Flebilis auditu minor est agilis puer actu ¶ When the english of the infynityf mode cometh after (sum es fui) it shallbe put in a participle of the futere tens in rus. if it be of the active voice. as (magister est docturus. scolares sunt docendi ¶ Participans in rus. post sum tu pone vel in dus ¶ sum lecturus Nasonis carmina summa ¶ Laus adhibenda deo pro victis hostibus esto ¶ Rule of verbs ¶ How many tens be four●yd of the preterperfectens of the Indycatyf mode. Syxe. which. Syxe ¶ The preterpluperfectens of the same Indicatyf mode and The preterperfectens & preterpluperfectens & the futertens of the Coniunctyf mode. The preterperfectens & the preterpluperfectens of the infynityf mode ¶ How many changeth I into e. & how many holdeth I still Three changeth i into e. & three holdeth I still ¶ which three changeth i into e. The preterpluperfectens of the Indicatyf mode as (amavi) change i into e. & put thereto a iam/ & it will be (amaveram (¶ The preterperfectens of the Coniunctyf mode as amavi) change i into e/ & put thereto a rim. & it will be (amaverim ¶ The futuretense of the same mode/ as amavi) change i into e. & put thereto ro. & it will be amavero ¶ which three hold I still. The preterpluperfectens of the coniunctyfe mode as (amavi) hold I still & put to s & sem. & it will be (amavissem) The preterpluperfectens of the infinitive mode/ as (amavi. hold I still & put to s & see/ & it will be (amavisse ¶ printed at westmynstre In caxton's house by winkin de word