A summary of english Chronicles, Containing the true account of years, wherein every King of this Realm of England began their reign, how long they reigned: and what notable things hath been done during their reigns. With also the names and years of all the bailiffs, Custos, majors, and sheriffs of the City of London, since the Conquest, dyligentely Collected by JOHN STOW citizen of London, in the year of our Lord God 1565. Whereunto is added a Table in the end, containing all the principal matters of this Book. Perused and allowed according to the queens majesties Injunctions. In aedibus Thomae Marshi. KL. january hath xxxi days. The day is viii hours, the night xvi ¶ Fairs xviij A Circumcision of Christ 1 b Octa. of saint Stephen 2 xj c Oct. of saint john 3 d Oct. Innocentes 4 nineteen e Deposit. of saint Edward 5 viii f Epiphanla Dom. at Salisbury 6 g Grant. Withelmi. 7 xuj A Lucian priest, 8 v b jews confessor 9 c Paul the first Eremite 10 xiii d ¶ Sol in ●quary 11 ij e Richard martyr 12 f s. hilary martyr 13 x g Felicis 14 xviij A Archadius martyr 15 seven b S. Mauricius 16 c Saint Anthony 17 xv d Prisce virgin 18 iiij e Wolstan bish. 19 f Fabian & Sebastian 20 xii g Agnes virgin 21 A Uincent martyr 22 j b Emerense ¶ Term begin. 23 c Timothe at Bristol at Chirchingford 24 ix d Conver. Pauli at Bristol at Chirchingford 25 e Policarpe at Bristol at Chirchingford 26 xvij f julian confessor 27 uj g Ualerij bish. 28 A Theodore 29 xiv b Basilij 30 iij c Saturnine & Victor 31 KL. February hath xxviii days The day is ten hours, & the night xiiii ¶ Fairs. b Fast. Brygyd virgin 1 xj c Parth. of Mary at Bath and Maydstone, 2 nineteen f Blaze bish. 3 viii g Gilbert confessor 4 A Agathe virgin 5 xuj b Amandy bishop & confessor 6 v c Anguly bishop 7 d Paul bish. ¶ Son in Pisces. 8 xiv e Apolen virgin 9 ij f Scholastice vyrg. 10 g Desidery bishop 11 x A Dorothy vyrg. ¶ Term ends. 12 b Woulfrani bishop 13 xviij c Ualentyn martyr at Fevershan 14 seven d Faustine jovite 15 e julian virgin 16 xv f Polycron bishop 17 iiij g Simon bishop 18 A Sabyn and julian martyr 19 xii b Myldred virgin 20 j c Lxxix. martyrs 21 d Cathedra Petri 22 nineteen e Fast. Locus bysexti 23 f Mathie apostle. at Henly upon Thames, and at Teukesbury. 24 xvij g Mathie apostle. at Henly upon Thames, and at Teukesbury. 25 uj A Mathie apostle. at Henly upon Thames, and at Teukesbury. 26 b Augustyn 27 xiv c oswald bishop 28 KL. March hath xxxi days. The day is xii hours, & the night xii ¶ Fairs. tij d David bishop 1 e Cedde confessor 2 xj f Maurice confessor 3 g Adrian 4 nineteen A Foce & Eusebij 5 viii b Victor and Uictorin 6 c Perpetue & Felix 7 xuj d Deposit. of Felix 8 v e Quadraginta mar. 9 f Agathe virgin 10 g Gorgonij martyr 11 xiii A Gregory bishop 12 ij b Theodore martyr 13 x c Longius mar. ¶ Sol in aries 14 d Cyriaci mar. 15 xviij e Hilary bishop 16 seven f Patrick & Gertrudis 17 g Edward king & confessor 18 xv A joseph the husband of Mary 19 iiij b Cuthbert, at Durham 20 c Benedic ab. 21 xii d Aphrodosy bishop 22 j e Theodore martyr 23 f Fast. 24 ix g Anuntiae. of Mary, at Northampton, at Walden, at great Chart, and at new 25 A Anuntiae. of Mary, at Northampton, at Walden, at great Chart, and at new 26 xvij b Anuntiae. of Mary, at Northampton, at Walden, at great Chart, and at new 27 uj c castle, Huntingto all the lady days 28 d Victor martyr, 29 xiv e Quirini martyr 30 iij f Adelme bishop 31 KL. April hath xxx days. The day is xiiii hours & the night ten ¶ Fairs. g Theodore virgin 1 xj A Mary Egypciace 2 b Richard bishop 3 nineteen c Ambrose 4 viii d Martian at Wallyngforth 5 xuj e Syxtus bish. 6 v f Egesippus at Derby 7 g Perpetuus at Bickelsworth, at Byllingworth, 8 xiii A Perpetuus at Bickelsworth, at Byllingworth, 9 ij b Perpetuus at Bickelsworth, at Byllingworth, 10 c ¶ Sol in Tauro, at Esam 11 x d Gutlary the monday after 12 e Oswoldy archbishop 13 xviij f Eufemie virgin 14 seven g Olife 15 A Isidore 16 xv b Aniceti 17 iiij c Eleuthery bishop 18 d Alphe ¶ Term beginneth 19 xii e Simon by. The .3. sunday after Easter fair at Louth 20 j f Simon by. The .3. sunday after Easter fair at Louth 21 g Simon by. The .3. sunday after Easter fair at Louth 22 ix A George Mark at Charing, at Ipswiche, Amtyll and Hinningan, at Gilford, 23 b George Mark at Charing, at Ipswiche, Amtyll and Hinningan, at Gilford, 24 xvij c George Mark at Charing, at Ipswiche, Amtyll and Hinningan, at Gilford, 25 uj d evangelist, at Derby 26 e Anastasijs 27 xiv f Uitali martyr 28 iij g Petri Medolanensis 29 A Deposit, Erkenwalde 30 KL. May hath xxxi days. The day is xvi hours, the night viii ¶ Fairs. xj b Philip & jacob. In. cru. at Rippon, at Stow the old, at Reading, Leicester, & Chensford 1 c Philip & jacob. In. cru. at Rippon, at Stow the old, at Reading, Leicester, & Chensford 2 nineteen d Philip & jacob. In. cru. at Rippon, at Stow the old, at Reading, Leicester, & Chensford 3 viii e Floriant martyr 4 f Goddard 5 xuj g john port latin 6 v A john of Beverley 7 b Aapparitio Mich. at Beverley 8 xiii c Gengulfi martyr 9 ij d Gordian and Epimachy 10 e ascension day. at Newcastle, at Yern, at Bermincham at s. Edes. at bish. Standford 11 x f ascension day. at Newcastle, at Yern, at Bermincham at s. Edes. at bish. Standford 12 g Boniface martyr at Newcastle, at Yern, at Bermincham at s. Edes. at bish. Standford 13 xviij A Boniface martyr at Newcastle, at Yern, at Bermincham at s. Edes. at bish. Standford 14 seven b Seruacij confessor 15 c Translat. off. Bernard 16 xv d Dioscorides martyr 17 iiij e Dunston bishop 18 f bernardine 19 xii g Helen Queen 20 j A Whytsunday at s. Tyves, at Canterbury, Royston and Stow the old, Kingston upon Thames. 21 b Whytsunday at s. Tyves, at Canterbury, Royston and Stow the old, Kingston upon Thames. 22 ix c Whytsunday at s. Tyves, at Canterbury, Royston and Stow the old, Kingston upon Thames. 23 d Whytsunday at s. Tyves, at Canterbury, Royston and Stow the old, Kingston upon Thames. 24 xvij e Adelme bishop 25 uj f Augustin of England 26 g Bede priest 27 xiv A trinity sunday. On the eve at Stokesly, at Kendale. On the day, at s. Marry Auke. at rowel, 28 iij b trinity sunday. On the eve at Stokesly, at Kendale. On the day, at s. Marry Auke. at rowel, 29 c trinity sunday. On the eve at Stokesly, at Kendale. On the day, at s. Marry Auke. at rowel, 30 xj d trinity sunday. On the eve at Stokesly, at Kendale. On the day, at s. Marry Auke. at rowel, 31 KL. june hath xxx days. The day is xviii hours, the night vi ¶ Fairs. e Corpus Christi at Newberry, at Conentre, at s. Edes, at bishop Stanford. 1 nineteen f Corpus Christi at Newberry, at Conentre, at s. Edes, at bishop Stanford. 2 viii g Corpus Christi at Newberry, at Conentre, at s. Edes, at bishop Stanford. 3 xvi A Petroci confessor 4 v b Boniface bishop 5 c Melon bishop 6 xiii d Translat. Wolstane 7 ij e Wilhelmi confessor 8 f Trans. Edmond. at Maydstone 9 x g Ive confessor, 10 A Barnaby apost. at Okyngham, 11 xviij b basil ¶ Sol in Cancer. 12 seven c Anthony 13 d basil bishop & confessor 14 xv e Uite & modest 15 iiij f Translat. richard 16 g Botalphe 17 xii A Mardi & Marciliani 18 j b Geruasie 19 c Translat. Edward 20 ix d Walburge virgin 21 e Alban martyr 22 xvij f Fast. at Shrewsbury s. Albons, 23 uj g Na. john Baptist. at cambridge, at Gloucester, Lincoln at wynsor, Canterbury, Colchester, & wynbroke. 24 A Na. john Baptist. at cambridge, at Gloucester, Lincoln at wynsor, Canterbury, Colchester, & wynbroke. 25 xiv b Na. john Baptist. at cambridge, at Gloucester, Lincoln at wynsor, Canterbury, Colchester, & wynbroke. 26 iij c Na. john Baptist. at cambridge, at Gloucester, Lincoln at wynsor, Canterbury, Colchester, & wynbroke. 27 d Fast. 28 xj e Peter & Paul at wadhurst, Marlborow, Holsworth, at Northampton, and at Peterborowe. 29 f Peter & Paul at wadhurst, Marlborow, Holsworth, at Northampton, and at Peterborowe. 30 KL. july hath xxxi days. The day is xvi hours, & the night viii. ¶ Fairs. nineteen g Octa. john Baptist. 1 viii A Uisitat, of our Lady 2 b Trans. of s. Thomas 3 xuj c Trans. of s. Martin 4 v d Zoe virgin & martyr 5 e Octa. Peter and Paul 6 xiii f Tran. s. Tho. at Canterbury 7 ij g Deposit. of Grymhald 8 A Cyrilli bish. at Partney, at 9 x b Nabor, at Felix. 10 c Trans. of saint Benet 11 xviij d Nabor & Felix, at lid 12 seven e Private. ¶ Sol in Leo 13 f Revel. ¶ Dog-days begin. 14 xv g Trans. of s. Swythyn 15 iiij A Trans. of s. Osmund 16 b Kenelm king, at wynscombe 17 xii c Arnolphe bishop 18 j d Rufine and justine 19 e Margarete, at Uxbridge. 20 ix f Praxede virgin 21 g Mary Magda. Fast. at Marleborow, at Wynchester, at Colchester, Tedbery. 22 xvij A Mary Magda. Fast. at Marleborow, at Wynchester, at Colchester, Tedbery. 23 uj b Mary Magda. Fast. at Marleborow, at Wynchester, at Colchester, Tedbery. 24 c james apostle at Brystowe, at Ipswyche, Northampton Derby, s. james beside London, Reading. 25 xiv d james apostle at Brystowe, at Ipswyche, Northampton Derby, s. james beside London, Reading. 26 iij e james apostle at Brystowe, at Ipswyche, Northampton Derby, s. james beside London, Reading. 27 f james apostle at Brystowe, at Ipswyche, Northampton Derby, s. james beside London, Reading. 28 xj g Samson bishop 29 xjx A Abdon and Sennes mar. 30 b Germany bishop 13 KL. August hath xxxi days. The day is xiiii hours, the night viii ¶ Fairs. viii c Peter Lammas at Exeter, at Fever shame, at Donstable, at s. Edes, at Bedford, at Merham church, at Wisbyche, and at York. 1 xuj d Peter Lammas at Exeter, at Fever shame, at Donstable, at s. Edes, at Bedford, at Merham church, at Wisbyche, and at York. 2 v e Peter Lammas at Exeter, at Fever shame, at Donstable, at s. Edes, at Bedford, at Merham church, at Wisbyche, and at York. 3 f Peter Lammas at Exeter, at Fever shame, at Donstable, at s. Edes, at Bedford, at Merham church, at Wisbyche, and at York. 4 xiii g Peter Lammas at Exeter, at Fever shame, at Donstable, at s. Edes, at Bedford, at Merham church, at Wisbyche, and at York. 5 ij A Transfiguration 6 b The feast of jesus 8 x c Siriarke 7 d Roman at Romney 9 xviij e S. Laurence day at Waltam, at Hongerford, at Bedford, at Srrodes, Blackamoor, s. Laurence by Bodman 10 seven f S. Laurence day at Waltam, at Hongerford, at Bedford, at Srrodes, Blackamoor, s. Laurence by Bodman 11 g S. Laurence day at Waltam, at Hongerford, at Bedford, at Srrodes, Blackamoor, s. Laurence by Bodman 12 xv A S. Laurence day at Waltam, at Hongerford, at Bedford, at Srrodes, Blackamoor, s. Laurence by Bodman 13 iiij b Eusebij priest 14 c Assumpt. Marry, at Wakefield 15 xii d Rochus ¶ Sol in Uirgo 16 j e Oct. of s. Laurence 17 f Agape the martyr 18 ix g Magnus martyr 19 A jews confessor 20 xvij b bernard 21 uj c Oct. Assumptio Mary 22 d Timothe 23 xiv e Barthol. Apostle at London, Teukesbury, Sudbery, Norwich, Northhampton, Dover, and at Rye. 24 iij f Barthol. Apostle at London, Teukesbury, Sudbery, Norwich, Northhampton, Dover, and at Rye. 25 g Barthol. Apostle at London, Teukesbury, Sudbery, Norwich, Northhampton, Dover, and at Rye. 26 xj A Barthol. Apostle at London, Teukesbury, Sudbery, Norwich, Northhampton, Dover, and at Rye. 27 nineteen b The .27. day at Ashforde, 28 c Decolat. of s. john 29 viii d Felix 30 e Cuthburge virgin, 31 KL. September hath xxx days. The day is xii hours, & the night xii ¶ Fairs. xuj f Egidy abbot 1 v g Anthony martyr 2 A Gregory 3 xiii b Translat. of Cuthbert 4 ij c Bartyn abbot 5 d Eugenius 6 x e Gorgon 7 f Nati. of our Lady at Sturbryge, at London in Southwark, at wakefild 8 xviij g Nati. of our Lady at Sturbryge, at London in Southwark, at wakefild 9 seven A Nati. of our Lady at Sturbryge, at London in Southwark, at wakefild 10 b Marcian confessor 11 xv c Maurily bishop 12 iiij d Amantij martyr, ¶ Sol in 〈◊〉 13 e Holy rood day. at Waltam abbey at Wotton underhedge, Spalding, at Uxbridge, & Catesby. 14 xii f Holy rood day. at Waltam abbey at Wotton underhedge, Spalding, at Uxbridge, & Catesby. 15 j g Holy rood day. at Waltam abbey at Wotton underhedge, Spalding, at Uxbridge, & Catesby. 16 A Holy rood day. at Waltam abbey at Wotton underhedge, Spalding, at Uxbridge, & Catesby. 17 ix b Victor 18 c january martyr 19 xvij d Eustatius 20 uj e Matthew Apostle at Maulborowe, at Bedford. at Croydon at s. Edmundsbery. 21 f Matthew Apostle at Maulborowe, at Bedford. at Croydon at s. Edmundsbery. 22 xiv g Matthew Apostle at Maulborowe, at Bedford. at Croydon at s. Edmundsbery. 23 iij A Andochy martyr 24 b Firmynmartyr 25 xj c Cyprian and justine 26 nineteen d Cosmy & Damiany 27 e Exuperrij 28 viii f Michael archan● at Maulton, at s. jews, Hadley, Milnal, Sittingborne. 26 g Michael archan● at Maulton, at s. jews, Hadley, Milnal, Sittingborne. 30 KL. October hath xxxi days. The day is ten hours, & the night xiiii ¶ Fairs. xv A Remigius 1 iiij b Leodegarii 2 xii c Candidi martyr 3 ij d Francis confessor at Michael, 4 e Faith, at Maydstone. 5 x f Marci & Marciliani, at s. Sythes 6 g Pelagie 7 xviij A Dionisijs ☞ Term begin. 8 seven b Nicasius, at Welles 9 c Wylfryde 10 xv d Trans. of s. Edward. 11 iiij e Calixt, bish. at Gravesend. 12 f Wol●rane. ☞ Sol in Scor. 13 xii g Maurice martyr 14 j A Gaili confessor 15 b Maximini martyr 16 ix c etheldred virgin 17 d Luke evang. at Ely. 18 xvij e Quirini martyr 19 uj f Austrebert 20 g Xj. M. virgins 21 xiv A Mary Salome 22 iij b Romani archbysh. 23 c Chrispine 24 xj d Euerest 25 nineteen e Ursula 26 f Fast. 27 viii g Simon & Jude apo. at New market, at Neeford, at Cicester. 28 A Simon & Jude apo. at New market, at Neeford, at Cicester. 29 xuj b Simon & Jude apo. at New market, at Heeford, at Cicester. 30 v c Quyntyn martyr, 31 KL. November hath xxx days. The day is viii hours, the night xvi Fast. ¶ Fairs. b All saints day. at Wakefield 1 xiii e All soul's day, at Blechyngly. 2 ij f Wenefrede virgin 3 g Amancius 4 x A let 5 b Leonard. Newport pond. 6 xviij c Wyllybrord bishop 7 seven d Quatuor coronato. 8 e Theodore martyr 9 xv f Martin bish. of R. 10 iiij g Martin, at Marlborow, Dover, 11 A Paternie ☞ Sol in Sagit. 12 xii b Brice. at s. edmund's bury, 13 j c Trans. of Erkenwald 14 d Macute 15 ix e Deposit. Edmond 16 f Hugh bishop 17 xvij g Octa. Martini. 18 uj A Elyzabeth 19 b Edmond king at Heth 20 xiv c Present. of our Lady 21 iij d Cecilie virgin. 22 e Clement bish. at Sandwich. 23 xj f Grisogoni martyr 24 nineteen g Katherine virgin 25 A Peter bishop 26 viii b Uitalis & agricole 27 c Ruffi. ☞ Term end●● 28 xuj d Fast. at Maidenhead, 19 x e Andrew apost. 30 KL. December hath xxxi days. The day is vi hours, the night xviii ¶ Fairs. xiii f Crisanti & Darie martyr 1 ij g Libiany 2 A Deposit, Osmond 3 x b Barbara virgin 4 c Sabba ab. at Puckley 5 xviij d Nicholas bish. at Spalding 6 seven e Oct. Andrew. at Sandhorst 7 f Concep. Mary. 8 xv g Cyprian abbot 9 iiij A Eulalie 10 b Antippa. ¶ Sol in Capri. 11 xii c Paul bishop 12 j d Lucy virgin 13 e Nicasij 14 ix f valery 15 g O sapientia 16 xvij A Lazarus bishop 17 uj b Gracian bishop 18 c Uenesy virgin 19 xiv d julian martyr 20 iij e Thomas apostle 21 f 30. martyrs 22 xj g Victor virgin 23 nineteen A Candidi 24 b Christmas day 25 viii c Steven martyr 26 d john evangelist 27 xuj e Innocentes day 28 v f Thomas Becket, at Canterbury 29 g Translat. of s. james 30 xiii A Sylvester bish. 31 A rule to know when the 〈◊〉 beginneth and endeth. ¶ Eight days before any term be, the Exchequer openeth for certainty, except Trinity term, which is but .4. days before. ¶ hilary term beginneth the xxiii day of january, if it be not Sunday: then the next day after, and endeth the xii day of February. ¶ Easter term beginneth xvii days after Easter, and endeth four days after the Ascension day. ¶ Trinity term beginneth the next day after Corpus Christi day, and endeth the wednesday fortnight after. ¶ Mighelmas term, beginneth the ix day of October, if it be not Sunday, and endeth the xxviii of November. ¶ In Easter term, on the Ascension day. In Trinity term, on the Nativity of Saint john Baptist In Michaelmas term, on the feast of All Saints. In hylary term, on the feast of the Purification of our Lady, the queens judges of Westminster, do not use to sit in judgement, nor upon any Sundays. ¶ A table for xxx years. to come. The years of our Lord God. Letter Dominica● Leap years. Easter day. March or Apryll. 1564 a b 2 A 1565 g 22 A 1566 f 14 A 1567. e 30 M 1568 c d 18 A 1569 b 10 A 1570 a 16 M 1571 g 15 A 1572 e f 6 A 1573 d 22 M 1574 c 11 A 1575. b 3 A 1576 g a 22 A 1577 f 7 A 1578 e 20 M 1579 d 19 A 1580 b c 3 A 1581. a 26 M 1582 g 5 A 1583 f 3● M 1584. d e 29 A 1585. c 11 A 1586 b 3 A 1587. a 1● A 1588. f g 7 A 1589 e 30 M 1590. d 19 A 1591. c 4 A 1592. a b 2● M 1593. g 15 A ☞ In this table above, what year our Lord God, you do chose within written, you shall straight find in the second row toward the left hand, the Dominical letter serving for the year: the third row showeth the leap years: the four row the number of the day that Easter day falleth on: and the fift row, the name of the month that Easter day falleth on. Note that the letter A. standeth for Apryll, and the letter M. for March. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE, and my very good Lord, the Lord Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Baron of Dynghby, Knight of the honourable order of the Garter, one of the Queen's most honourable privy counsel, and Master of her majesties horse. BECAUSE, both by the universal report of all men, I hear, and also by mine own experience I perfectly know (right honourable and my very good lord) how honourably and cheerfully divers works presented to your lordship, have been accepted: I (though of all others most simple) was thereby encouraged, to offer to your honour this my simple work, in token of my bounden duty. The example also of that famous Monarch Artaxerxes, who so well accepted the simple handful of water, that the poor Persian Sinetas brought him from the river Cyrus, putteth me in good hope, that your honour who give place to no man in humanity and courtesy will not mislike this simple signifying of my good will. For, like as the mite of that poor widow that is mentioned in the Gospel, which she gave in all her penury, is accounted a greater gift, than those huge sums that great men laid out of their great store: so ought this my simple pamphlet be adjudged to proceed, though not from greater, yet from as great good will, as the best and learnedst writers bear to your honour. For, they, of their abundant store, have laid out somewhat: But I, of my mean knowledge, have presented these few first fruits to your honour: knowing that your wisdom can in this small present right well see my good will. My gift is a short brief or summary of the chiefest chances and accidents, that have happened in this Realm, from the time of Brutus, to this our age. Which I have done by the conference of many authors, both old and new, those Imeane, that commonly are called Chroniclers, out of whom I have gathered many notable things, most worthy of remembrance, which no man heretofore hath noted. which work also I was the bolder to dedicate to your honour, because I know your lordship's good inclination to all sorts of good knowledges: and especially the great love that you bear to the old Records of deeds done by famous and noble worthies which my boldness, like as I trust your honour will not only pardon, but also accept in good part: so I beseech all the readers hereof, that following your honourable example, they will judge the best of this my travail, which I took in hand, only for the respect that I had to their profit. Whereby they shall both show the goodness of their own natures, and also encourage me willingly to go forward in this my enterprise. Which doubting not, but that I shall the rather obtain of them, because of your lordships favourable acceptance hereof, I will now cease any longer to trouble your honour, beseeching almighty god long to preserve you to the commodity of this our native country. Your L. most humble john Stowe. To the Reader. divers writers of Histories writ diversly. Some pen their histories plentifully at large. Some contrary wise, briefly and shortly do but (as it were) touch by the way, the remembrance and accidents of those times, of which they writ. Some do with a large compass discover as well the affairs done in foreign parts, as those that happened in that country, of which especially they write. And some content to let alone other matters, put in memory only such things, as they themselves have had experience of, in their own countries. Amongs whom, good Reader, I crave to have place, and desire room in the lower part of this table. For I use thee in this my book as some simple feaster, that being not able of his own cost to feast his guests sufficiently, is fain to be friended of his neighbours, and to set before them such dishes as he hath gotten of others. For I acknowledge, that many of the histories, that thou shalt read here abridged, are taken, partly out of Robert Fabian, sometime Alderman of London, Edward Halle gentleman of Grey's Inn, john Hardynge, a great travailer both in foreign countries, and also in all writings of antiquities, and other, who reaped great abundance of knowledge, and filled their books full therewith, to the great profit and pleasure of all posterity, and to their own great fame and glory. So that of their great plenty, I might well take somewhat to hide my poverties. Howbeit, I have not so done it, as, if they should claim their own, I should forthwith be left naked. For somewhat I have noted, which I myself, partly by painful search, and partly by diligent experience, have found out. wherefore, both the smallness of the volume, which comprehendeth great matters in effect, & also the novelty of some matters uttered therein, aught to cause that it should not be altogether unwelcome to thee. For, though it be written homely, yet it is not (as I trust) written untruly. And in histories the chief thing that is to be desired is truth. Wherefore, if thou find that in it, I beseech thee, wink at small faults, or at the least, let the consideration of my well meaning, drown them. So shalt thou both encourage me to farther diligence, and also utter thine own frendlynesse, in that thou dost rather further, then condemn a weak writer. Of smooth and flattering speech, remember to take heed: For Truth in plain words may be told, of craft a lie hath need. ¶ The names of Authors in this Book alleged. Arnoldes Chronicles. john rastal. Beda de gestis Anglorun john Maior. Cornellus Tacitus. john Bale. Domes day a book. john Gower. Edward Haulle. john Sleydane. Gildas de victoria Aure lii & Ambrosii. Merlin chronicler. Martin Chronicler. Gildas de gestis Arthuri. matthew Paris. Norham chronicler. Gildas the wise. Polydorus Virgilius. Guido de Columna. Robert, a chronicler, that wrote in the time of Henry the third. Geffrey of Monmouth. Geraldus Cambrensis. Hector Boyce. Rodolphus niger. Hoveden. Raynolffe of Chester. john Hardynges Chronicle dedicated to Henry the .6. Robert Fabian. S. Columbe Cronicus Colmanni. john Leylande. Thomas Lanquet. john Lydgate. Thomas Couper. john Frosarde. William Caxton. A brief Description of England. BEfore I entre to abridge the facts and gests of the kings and other persons within this Realm from Brutus, Polydore Virgil. the first King of the same, I purpose briefly to make a description of this noble Realm gathered out of Polydore Virgil, reported in his work of the English history, who saith: That all Britain, which by two names is called England and Scotland, is an Island in the Ocean sea, situate right over against the Region of Gallia: one part of which Isle Englishmen do inhabit, another part Scots, the third part Walshemen, and the fourth part Cornish men. All they, either in language, conditions or laws, do differ amongs themselves. England (so called of Englishmen, which did win the same) is the greatest part, which is divided into xxxix counties, which we call shires. Whereof ten (that is to say, Kent, Suffer, Surrey, Southampton, Berkshire, Wyltshire, Dorsetshire, Somersetshire Devonshire and Cornwall, do contain the first part of that Island: which ya●●s bounding toward the south, standeth between the Thames and the Sea. from thence, to the river of Trent, which passeth through the mids of England be xvi shires: whereof the first vi. (standing eastward (are Essex, Midd●eser, Hertfordshire, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Cambridgeshire, the other ten which stand more in the middle of the country, are these: Bedford, Huntingdon, Buckingham, Oxford, Northhampton, Rutland, Leicestre, Notyngham, Warwick, and Lyncolne. After these, there be vi which border westeward upon Wales, as Glocestre, Hereforde, Worcester, Salop, Stafford, and Chester. About the middle of the Region lie derbyshire, yorkshire, lancashire, & Cumbreland. On the left hand toward the west is Westmerlande. Against the same, is the bishopric of Durham, and Northumberland, which boundeth upon the north in the marches of Scotland. Those shires be divided in to xvii Bishop ricks, which by a greek word, be called Dioceses. Of which Dioceses, canterbury and Rochester, be in Kent. Essex, Middlesex & part of Hertford, belongeth to the bishopric of London. The bishop of Chicester hath Suffer. Wynchester, hath Hampshire, Surrey, and the Isle of Wight. Salesbury, hath Dorsetshire, Barkshyre, and Wylteshire. Excetor, hath Devonshire, & Cornwall. bath, and Welles, hath somersetshire. Worcester, hath Glocestershyre, Now at this present there is a bishop of Gloucester. Worcestershyre, and part of Warwikeshire. Hereforde, hath part of Shropshire, and Herefordshire. coventry, and Lichfelde, Staffordeshyre, and tother part of Warwikshire. Chestre, hath Cheshire, Darbyshire, & a piece of a lancashire, near the river of Kepel. The Diocese of Lincoln, There is now a bishop at Peterborow. which is the greatest, hath eight shires, lying between they Thames and Humbre, as Lincoln, Northampton, Leycester, Rutland, Huntingdon, bedford, Buckyngham, Oxford & the residue of Hertfordshire. The bishopric of Ely, hath Cantabridgeshire, & the Isle of Ely Suffolk, and Norfolk, be in the circuit of Norwiche Diocese. And this is the province of the archbishop of Canterbury, which is the primate of all England, with Wales, which hath iiii. dioceses, as hereafter shall be declared. The bishop of York, hath yorkshire, Notynghamshyre, and a piece of Lancastshyre. The bishop of Durham, hath the bishopric so commonly called, and Northumberland. Carlisle, containeth Cumberlande and Westmoreland: And this is the other province of tharch bishop of York, which is another primate of England, & was of long time also primate of all scotland: but these Dioceses take their names of the cities where those seas be placed. The chief whereof, is London, where in the beginning was the archbishops' sea: but afterwards transposed to Canterbury, a City in Kent, placed in a soil amiable and pleasant. London, standeth in Middlesex, on the northside of the Thamis. That most excellent and goodly river, beginneth a little above a village called Winchelcombe in Oxfordshyre, still increasing, and passeth first by the university of Oxenford, & so with a marvelous quiet course by London, and and then breaketh into the french Ocean by main tides, which twice in xxiiii. hours space doth ebb and flow more than lx miles, to the great commodity of travailers, by which all kinds of merchandise be easily conveyed to London, the principal store and staple for all commodities within this Realm. Upon the same river is placed a stone bridge, London bridge. a work very rare and marvelous, which bridge hath twenty arches made of four squared stone, of height lx foot, and of breadth xxx foot, distant one from an other twenty foot, compact & joined together with vaults and Sellars. Upon both sides be houses builded, that it seemeth rather a continual street than a bridge. The Ocean sea doth bound England, the first part of Britain east and South, Wales, and Cornwall west. The river of tweed divideth England and Scotland north. The length of the Island beginneth at Portsmouth in the South part, and endeth at tweed in the north, containing 320. miles. This Realm above other is most fruitful on this side Humbre: for beyond, it is fuller of mountains. And although to the beholders of that country a far of, it may seem plain, yet it is full of many hills, and those for the most part void of trees: the valleys whereof be very delectable, inhabited for the most part by noble men, who according to ancient and old order, desire not to dwell in Cities, but near unto valleys and rivers in several villages: for avoiding of vehement winds, because that Island naturally is stormy. Humbre hath his beginning a little on this side York, & by & by runneth southward, & then holdeth his course eastward & so into the main sea, greatly increased by the rivers of Dune & Trent. Trent beginneth a little from Stafforde, running through derbyshire, and Leycestershyre, passing by Lichfield and Notyngham on the right hand, and Dune on the left: so that both those rivers do make an Island, which is called Aurolme, and then joining together on this side Kyngston upon Hull, a goodly merchant town, they fall into Humbre: by which river they may arrive out of France, Germany, and Denmark. England is fruitful of beasts, and aboundeth with cattle: whereby thinhabitantes be rather for the most Graziers, than ploughmen because they give themselves more to feeding, then to tillage. So that almost the third part of the country is employed to cattle, dear red and fallow, gores (whereof there be store in the north parts, & conies, for every where there is jolly maintenance of those kinds of beasts: because it is full of great woods, whereof there riseth pastime of hunting greatly exercised, specially by the nobility and gentlemen. Of Scotland, an other part of britain, I purpose to say nothing because I have promised only and briefly to remember th'affairs of mine own country, as best travailed and acquainted with the knowledge of the same. Wales, the four part of Britain lieth upon the left hand: which like a promontory or foreland, or an Isle (as it were) on every side it is compassed with the main sea: except it be on the east part with the river of Sabrine commonly called Severne, which divideth Wales from England. Although some late writers affirm Hereforde to be a bound between Wales and England, & say, that Wales beginneth at Chepstolle, where the river Ueye augmented with an other river called lug, passing by Hereforde doth run into the sea: which river riseth in the middle of Wales out of that hill (but uncertain whether out of that spring) that Sabrine doth, Cornelius Tacitus. which Corn. Tacitus calleth Antona. For even to that place there goth a great arm of the sea, This arm of the sea, as I judge, is now called Anste, where is a passage between the village of Anste and Chepstoll. which passing through the land westward: on the right hand leaveth Cornwall, and on the left, Wales. Which Topography or description, although it be new, yet I thought good to follow. Therefore Wales is extended from the town of Chepstol, where it beginneth almost by a strait line a little above Shrowsbury, even to Westchester northward. Into that part, so many of the Britain's as remained alive after the slaughter and loss of their country, at the length being driven to their shifts, did repair as ancient writings report: where partly through refuge of the mountains, & partly of the woods and marshes, they remained in safety: which part they enjoy even to this day. That land afterwards the english men did call Wales: and the Britaius the inhabitants of the same, Walshmen: for amongs the Germans, Walsman, signifieth a stranger, an alien, an outborn or strange man: that is, such a one, as hath a contrary language from theirs, for Wall, in their tongue is called a stranger born as an Italian or Frencheman: which differ in speech from the German. Man, signifieth Homo, which is a man in english. Therefore englishmen, a people of Germany, after they had won Britain called the Britain's, which escaped after the destruction of their country, after their country manner. walshmen, because they had an other tongue or speech, besides theirs, & the land which they inhabited, Wales, which name afterwards both to the people and country did remain. By this means the britains with their kingdom lost their name. But they which affirm that name to be derived of their king or queen without doubt be deceived. The country soil towards the sea coast, and in other places in the valleys and plains, is most fertile, which yieldeth both to man and beast, great plenty of fruit and grass: but in other places for the most part it is barren and less fruitful, because it lacketh tillage: for which cause husbandmen do live hardly, eating Oaten cakes and drinking milk mixed with water, and sour whey. There be many towns and strong castles, and four bishoprics, if the bishopric of Hereforde be counted in England, as the late writers declare. The first bishopric is Meneve, so called of Meneva, which at this day they call Saint David's, a City very ancient, situated upon the sea coast, and boundeth westward toward Ireland. An other is Landaeffe, the third Bangor, and the fourth All Saint Asaph. which, be under Tharchbyshoppe of Canterbury. The walshmen have a language from thenglishmen, which as they say, that fetch their Pedigree from the Trojans, do the partly sound of the Trojan antiquity, and partly of the Greek. But how soever it is, the walshemen do not pronounce their speech so pleasantely and gently as thEnglishmen do, because they speak more in the throat: & contrary wise thenglishmen rightly following the Latins, do express their voice somewhat within the lips, which to the hearers seemeth pleasant & sweet: And thus much of wales, the third part of Britain. Now followeth the fourth and last part of Britain, named Cornwall. This part beginneth on that side which standeth toward spain westward: Toward th'east, it is of breadth four score and ten miles, extending a little beyond saint Germains, which is a very famous village situated on the right hand upon the sea coast, where the greatest breadth of that country is but twenty miles: for this parcel of land on the right hand is compassed with the coast of the main sea: and on the left hand with that arm of the sea, which (as before is declared) parteth the land, and runneth up to Chepstoll: where the country is in form of a Horn: For at the first, it is narrow, and then groweth broader, a little beyond the said town of saint German. Eastward it bordereth upon England, West, south, and north, the main sea is round about it: It is a very barren soil, yielding fruit more through travail of the tillers and husband men, then through the goodness of the ground. but there is great plenty of lead and tin: in the mining and digging whereof doth specially consist the living & sustentation of th'inhabitants. In this only part of britain, even to this day continueth the nation of the Britain's, which in the beginning brought out of Gallia occupied & inhabited that Island, (if credit may be given to them, which report the first inhabitants of Britain to come out of the Cities of Armerica.) The argument & proof whereof, is because the Cornishmen do speak the language, which the Britain's use now in France, whom the Britons do call Britonantes. This thing to be more true, an old ancient chronicle doth declare, wherein I found written, not Cornubia, but Cornugallia, compounded of Cornu, a horn, the form whereof that country hath, and of Gallia, out of which country thinhabitants came first, the manner of which name is not to be misliked. Their tongue is far dissonant from english, but is much like to the Walshe tongue, because they have many words common to both tongues: yet this difference there is between them, when a walsheman speaketh the cornish man rather understandeth many words spoken by the Walshman, than the hole tale he telleth. whereby it is manifest, that those three people do understand one an other in like manner as the Southern Scots do perceive and understand the Northern. But it is a thing very rare and marvelous, that in one Island there should be such variety of speeches. Cornwall or Cornugall is in the Diocese of Excetour, which was once worthy to be counted the fourth part of the Island, as well for the contrariety of language as for the first inhabitants thereof, as is beforesaid. Afterwards, the Normans which constituted a kingdom of all those three parts reckoned Cornwall to be one of the counties or shires of the country. Thus much of the particular description of Britain, that the whole body of the realm (by the membres) may be the better known to some peradventure that never heard the same before. The form of the Island is triquetra. or three cornered, having three corners, or three sides: Two whereof, that is to say: The corner toward th'east, and tother toward the west: (both extending northwards) are the longest. The third side which is the south side is far shorter than tother: for the Island is greater of length then of breadth. And as in the other two parts is contained the length, even so in the last, the breadth. In which place, the breadth beginneth: and so continuing from the South part to the north, it is but narrow. The first and right corner of which Island eastward, is in Kente, at Dover and sandwich. From whence to Caleys or Boloygne in France, is the distance of xxx miles. From this Angle which is against France to the third Angle, which is in the north, in scotland, the main whereof, boundeth upon Germany, but no land seen, and there the Island is like unto a wedge even at the very angle of the land in Scotland. The length whereof is vii hundredth miles. Again, the length from this Corner at Dover in Kent, to the uttermost part of Cornwall, being saint Michael's mount (which is the west part or west angle) is supposed to be .300. miles. From this left Angle being the west part and th'uttermost part of Cornwall, which hath a prospect towards Spain, in which part also standeth Ireland, situated between Britain and spain to the north angle in the further part of scotland, in which part the Island doth end, the length is viii hundred miles, in which part there be very good havens, and safe harbours for ships, and apt passage into Ireland, being not passed one day sailing, but the shorter passage is from Wales, to Waterforde, a town in Ireland upon the sea coast, much like to that passage between Dover and calais, or some what more: but the shortest passage of all, is out of scotland. From this last Angle to Hampton: (which is a town upon the sea coast, with a haven so called toward the south, and therefore called southhampton) between the Angles of Kent and Cornwall, they do measure by a straight line the whole length of the Island, and do say, that it containeth 800. miles, as the breadth from Meneva, or Saint David's to Yarmouth, which is in the uttermost part of the Island towards the East doth contain .200. miles for the breadth of the Island is in the south part, which part is the front and beginning of the Land, and endeth narrow, or as it were in a straight. So the circuit or compass of the Island is xviii C. miles, which is .200. less than Caesar doth reckon or account. Thus much I have thought good to take out of Polydore, touching the division of England, with the form and situation of the same. Much other good matter that author doth allege, which here for brevity I do omit, referring those that desire to know farther hereof, to that book: where he shall find the style and story both pleasant and profitable. The Race of the kings of England, since Brute the first of this Realm: and in the margin are placed the years before Christ his birth, when every king began their Reigns, tylye come to Cimbilinus, in whose time Christ the saviour of the world was born, and then followeth the years from Christ his birth. AFter the common and best allowed opinion of the most ancient and best approved Authors, 1108 Brute the son of Silvius Posthumius, arrived in this Island, at a place now called To●nes in Devonshire: the year of the world .2855. the year before Christ's nativity .1108. wherein he first began to Reign, and named it britain, which before was called Albion: And therein he builded the noble City of London, London builded. and named it new Troy building there a Temple to Appolyn, wherein he placed an Archeflamyn. He divided the same Island among his three sons: He stablished the Trojan laws in this kingdom. unto Locrine he gave the middle part of britain, now called England, with the superiority of all this I'll: Unto Camber he gave Wales, and to Albanact Scotland: After which partition he deceased, when he had reigned xxiiii. years, and was buried at London, then called new Troy, as is aforesaid. 1084 locrine, the eldest son of Brute reigned twenty years: he chased the Huns which invaded this Realm: and pursued them so sharply, that many of them with their king were drowned in a river, which departeth England and Scotland. And for so much as the king of Huns, How the river of Humber took that name. named Humbar, was there drowned, the river is till this day named Humbar, so saith Harding, Fabian, and other. This king Locryn had to wife Gwendolyn● daughter of Corineus, duke of Cornwall, by whom he had a son named Madan, he also kept as paramour, the beautiful lady estrild, by whom he had a daughter named Sabryne. And after the death of Corineus duke of Cornewal, he put from him the said Guendolyn, and wedded Estrylde, but Gwendolyn repaired to Cornwall, where she gathered a great power, and fought with king Locryn, and siue him: he was buried at Troynovant. She drowned the lady Estrylde with her daughter Sabrine in a river, How the river of Severne took that name. that after the young maidens name, is called Severne. Gwendolyne the daughter of Corineus, 1063 and wife to locrine (for so much as Madan her son was to young to govern the land) was by common assent of all the britains, The Queen reigned during the minority of her son. made ruler of the whole Isle of britain, which she well and discreetly ruled, to the comfort of her subjects xu years, and then left the same to her son Madan. Madan, 1053 the son of locrine and Gwendolyne, was made ruler of Britain, of him is little memory made, by any wrtters, but that he used great tyranny among his Brytons: And that being at his disport of hunting, he was devoured by wild wolves, The king devoured by wolves. when he had reigned xl years. Policronica. He left after him ii sons (as is reported in Polycronica) named Mempricius, and Manlius. 1009. Mempricius, the son of Madan, being King, by treason slew his brother Manlius, after whose death he lived in more tranquillity, wherethrough he fell in sloth, john Harding. and so to lechery, taking the wives and daughters of his subjects: and lastly, became so evil that he forsook his wife and concubines, and fell to the sin of Sodomy with beasts, whereby he became audible to God and man. And going on hunting, lost his company, The king destroyed of wolves. and was destroyed of wild wolves: whereof the land was then full, when he had reigned twenty years. 989. Ebranke, the son of Mempricius, was made ruler of britain, he had as testifieth Policronica, Policronica. Gaufride, Gaufride. and other xxi wives, of whom he received twenty sons, john harding. and xxx daughters: which he sent into italy, there to be married to the blood of the Trojans. In Albany (now called Scotland) he edified the castle of Alclude, which is Dumbritain, Dumbritaine Edenbrough, Bawburgh, and York builded. he made the castle of Maidens, now called Edenbrough: he made also the castle of Bamburgh: he builded York city: wherein he made a temple to Diane, and set there an Archeflame: and there was buried when he had reigned lx years. About the year of the world .3000. according to the prophecy of Helie half the years of the world, were fulfilled, which was the year before Christ's birth .963. Brute Greneshield, 929. the son of Ebranke, ruled this land xii years, and was buried at York, leaving after him a son named Leill. Leill the son of Brute Greneshield being a just man, 917. and lover of peace in his time builded Carleile, Carleile builded. and made there a temple, placing therein a Flamyn, to rule the same, according to the laws of their gods at that time: and there was buried, when he had ruled britain xxv years. Lud Rudibras, the son of Leille, 892. builded Canterbury, Canterbury Wynchester and Shaftesbury builded. Winchester, and Shaftsburye, wherein he builded iii temples, and placed in the same iii flames, like as bishops now be. he reigned xxix years, and left a son after him named Bladud. Bladud, 863. son of Lud Rudibras, who had long studied at Athens, brought with him four Philosophers, to keep school in britain: for the which he builded Stamford, Stamforde builded. and made it an university (as saith Merlin:) john Harding alleging Merlin wherein he had great numbered of scholars, studying in all the vii liberal sciences: which university dured to the coming of S. Augustine. At which time the bishop of Rome interdicted it, for heresies that fell among the Sarons and Britons together mixed. so saith Harding. He builded bath, bath, with the hot baths builded. and made there a temple to Apollo, and placed there a Flamyn: he made there the hot baths, and practised his necromancy: He decked himself in feathers, The king attempting to fly, broke his neck. and presumed to fly in the air, and falling on his temple of Apollo, broke his neck, when he had reigned twenty years. 844 Leire, son of Bladud succeeded his father, he builded Cairo Leyr, now called Leicester, Leycester builded and made there a Temple of janus: placing a Flamyn there to govern the same. he had iii daughters, Gonorell, Ragan, and Cordelle: Which Cordelle for her wisdom and virtue towards her father, succeeded him in the kingdom. When he had reigned xl year, he deceased, and was buried at Leycester. Cordyla, ●0● the youngest daughter of Liere, succeeding her father, was sore vexed by her two nephews, Morgan of Albany, and Conedagus of Camber and Cornwall, who at the length took and cast her in prison: where she being in despair of recovering her estate (as testifieth Galfride) slew herself, Galfride. when she had reigned v years, and was buried at Leycester in janus temple by her father. Morgan, 800 the eldest son of Dame Gonorell claimed britain, and warred on his nephew Conedagus, that was king of Camber, (that now is Wales) and of Cornwall: but Conedagus met with Morgan in Wales, and there slew him: How Glamorganshyre took that name. which place is called Glamorgan till this day. And then Condenagus was king of all Britain: he builded a Temple of Mars at perch, that now is S. john's town in scotland, S. john's Town in scotland builded. & placed there a Flamyne: he builded an other or Minerva in Wales, which now is named Bangor. Bangor in Wales builded. The third he made of Mercury in Cornwall, where he was borne: he reigned xxxiii years, and was buried at London. 766 Rivallo, son of Conedagus succeeded his father, in whose time it rained blood iii days: It rained blood iii days after the which tempest ensued a great multitude of venomous flies, which slew much people. And then a great mortality through out this land, which caused almost desolation of the same. This Rivallo reigned over this whole Island xlvi years, and than deceased, and was buried at Cairo branke, that now is York. In the year .1554. after the universal Flood, and after Comerus the first king of Italy .1414. after the destruction of Troy .432. And after Brute arrived in England .356. Rome was builded in Italy by Remus and Romulus. Rome was builded. ●21 Gurgustus, son of Rivallo succeeded in the kingdom of britain, who reigned quietly: but was a common drunkard, whereof followed all other vices. when he had reigned xxxviii years, he deceased, and was buried at York: 684 Scicilius, the brother of Gurgustus succeeded in the kingdom: of whom is left but little memory: but that he reigned . li●. years, and was buried at bath. Iago or Lago cousin of Gurgustus, 636 reigned xxv years: for his evil government, he died of a lethargy, and was buried at York. The game of Chess about this season was devised by wise men, The game of ● hosse devised. to mitigate the minds or hearts of tyrants, the year of the world .3339. the year before Christ .614. Kynimacus, 612 succeeded jago in this realm of Britain, wherein he reigned liv. years: and was buried at York. Gorbodug succeeded his father Kynimacus in this realm of Britain, 559 as our Chronicles write: He reigned lxiii years, and was buried at London. Forrex with his brother Porrex, 496 ruled this land of britain .v. years: but it was not long ere they fell at civil discord for the sovereign dominion, Porrex slew his brother Forrex, and Porrex was afterward slain by his mother. in which Forrex was slain. And Porrex afterwards by his mother was killed in his bed. Thus cruelly was the blood and house of Brute destroyed, Brutus' line extinguished. when that this Realm by the space of 616. years had been governed by that lineage. After the death of the two brethren, Forrex and Porrex, this Realm was divided with civil wars, for lack of one sovereign governor, which continued by the space of li years, until that noble Dunwallo reduced the same into one Monarchy. MUlmutius Dunwallo, the son of Cloten, 441 duke of Cornwall, reduced this realm into one Monarchy: The first king of England that ware a crown of gold, who builded Black well Hall in London. being before by civil wars and dissension, severed and brought into divers dominions: he was the first that ware a crown of gold: he constituted good laws: which long after were called Mulmutius laws: he gave privileges unto Temples, The second laws were Mulmutius laws. and ploughs, and began to make the four notable ways in Britain. In London, called then Troy Novant, he builded a great Temple: which some suppose to be S. Paul's, some Blackwell Hall, which was called Templum pacis. Finally when he had brought this Ralme to wealth and quietness, reigning herein xl years: He died honourably, leaving after him two valiant and noble sons Belinus and Brennus, as Fabian writeth He builded the town of Malmsbury, R. Fabian and of Uies. The town o● Malmesbury builded. He was buried at London in the temple of Peace before named. BElinus, and Brennus, 401 sons of Mulmutius divided this whole Isle of Britain, between them. Unto Belyne, the elder brother was appointed England, Wales, and Corn wall. Unto the other the North part beyond Humber. But Brennus a young man, desirous of glory and dominion, thinking himself equal with his brother in martial prows, was not therewith content: Wherefore he raised war against Belyne. But in conclusion by the means of their mother they were accorded, and Brennus bring given wholly to the study of wars, left his country to the governance of his brother, and went into France amongst the Galls: where in the Province of Lions, for his excellent qualities, he was greatly esteemed of Siguinus king of the country, whose daughter he married: And of the Galls was made Sovereign captain when they made their usage to Rome. Belyne in the mean time both in civil justice and also religion, john. Hardynge. such as at that time was used, greatly increased his Realm. He made three Archeflames, Three archeflames in England. whose seas were at London, York, and Carlion. Four notable ways made in England. He finished the four great ways begun by his father: He subdued and made tributary unto him, Denmark. In London he made the haven, which at this day, retaineth the name of him, called Belynes gate: Belyns gate in London builded. and as john Leyland writeth (whose labour and industry in most diligent searching out the antiquities of this Realm, john Leylande. is greatly to be commended) builded the tower of London. The tower of London first builded. He married his daughter Cambria unto a prince of almain called Antenor, of whom these people were called Cymbri, and Sycambri. Finally, after he had reigned with his brother and alone xxvi years, he died: and after the pagan manner, with great pomp was burned: & his ashes in a vessel of brass set on a high pinnacle over Belyns gate (as saith Robert Fabyan) he builded Carlion, Carlyon builded. and also the temple of concord, The old temple nexe to temple bar builded. which after the opinion of many, is now the parish church of the Temple. Gurgunstus, 375 son of Belyne, succeeded his father: He subdued Denmark compelling them to continue their tribute: and in his return home, met with a fleet of Spaniards, The Spaniards first inhabited Ireland. which were seeking for habitations, because their country was so populous, and not able to sustain them: to whom the King granted the Isle of Ireland to inhabit and to hold the same of him as their sovereign Lord: Ector Boyce But the Scots writ that the Spaniards arrived before this time in Ireland. This Gurgun●us reigned xix years, and was buried at Carlyon. Guinthelinus, son of Gurgunstus was crowned king of Britain. 356 A prince sober and quiet, who had to wife a noble woman named Marcia, of excellent learning and knowledge. She devised certain laws, The third laws were Marcian laws. which long time among the Britain's were greatly esteemed, and named Marcian laws. Finally when this virtuous prince had reigned xxvi years, he died, and was buried at London. Cecilius, 330 the son of Guenthelyne and Marcia, reigned vii years: of him there remaineth nothing notable. But that (as the Scots write) in the first year of his reign, a people of Almain called picts, The Pictes first inhabited the marches of England and Scotland. arrived here in britain and possessed those parties, which now be the marches of both realms, England and scotland. Cecilius was buried at Carlyon. 323 Kymarus succeeded Cecilius, and reigned three years in Britain: he was slain as he was hunting. 321 Elanius, called also Danius, was king of britain ix years. 311 Morindus, the bastard son of Danius began to reign in Britain: he (as our Chronicles say) fought with a king, who came out of germany, and arrived here, and slew him with all his power. Moreover (as they writ) of the Irish seas in his time, The king devoured by a monster. came forth a wonderful monster: which destroyed much people. whereof the king hearing would of his valiant courage, needs fight with it: by whom he was clean devoured, when he had reigned viii years. 303 Gorbomamnus, eldest son of Morindus, reigned xi years: A prince just and religious. he renewed the temples of his gods, and governed his people in peace and wealth. Our english Chronicle saith, Cambridge & Grantham builded. he builded the towns of Cambridge. and of Grantham. Archigallo, 292 brother to Gorbomannus, was crowned king of Britain. he was in conditions unlike to his brother: for he deposed the noble men, and exalted the unnoble. He extorted from men their goods to enrich his treasury: for which cause by the estates of the realm, he was deprived of his royal dignity, The king deprived. when had reigned .v. years. Elidurus, 286 the third son of Morindus, and brother to Archigallo, was elected king of britain: a virtuous and gentle prince, who governed his people justly. As he was in hunting in a forest by chance he met with his brother Archigallo, whom most lovingly he embraced, and found the means to reconcile him to his lords: and than resigned to him his royal dignity, when he had reigned .v. years. Archigallo thus restored to his royal estate, 281 ruled the people quietly and justly ten years, & lieth buried at York. Elidurus aforenamed, 272 after the death of his brother Archigallo, for his pity and justice, by the general consent of the britains was again chosen king. But he reigned not passing two years, but that his younger brethren Uigenius and Peredurus raised war against him, took him prisoner, and cast him into the Tower of London: where he remained (as they writ) during their Reign. 270 Uigenius & Peredurus, after the taking of their brother reigned together seven. years. The town of Pikering builded. Uigenius than died, & Peredurus reigned after alone ii years. He builded the town of Pyckering after the opinion of divers writers. 261 Elidurus, the third time was made king of Britain, who continued his latter reign honourably and justly: but being sore bruised with age and troubles he finished his life, when he had now lastly reigned four years, and was buried at Car●●le. 258 Gorbonian reigned in Britain ten years. 248 Morgan was crowned king of Britain who guided the realm peaceably xiiii. years. 234 Emerianus brother to Morgan succeeded in the Realm of Britain. And when he had tyrannously reigned vii years, he was deposed. The king deposed. Ival was chosen king of Britain for his justice and temperance which he governed peacyblye twenty years. 225 Rymo governed this realm of Britain xvi years. 207 In his time was great plenty and peace. Geruncius reigned here in Britain xx. years. 191 Catillus reigned peaceably in britain x. years, 173 he hung up all oppressors of the poor people: to give ensample unto other. A good ensample. Coilus succeeded Catellus in the realm of Britain, 163 who quietly reigned xx. years. Porex, 143 a virtuous and gentle prince reigned in Britain .v. years. Chirinnus king of britain, 138 through his drunkenness (as our chroniclers writ) reigned but one year. Fulgen his son reigned two years in Britain. 137 Eldred, 135 reigned in Britain one year. Androgius, 134 likewise reigned one year in Britain. Uarianus, 133 the son of Androgius, succeeded his father in this realm of Britain. He wholly gave himself to the lusts of the flesh, & reigned iii years. 136 Eliud, king of Britain reigned v. years: who was a great Astronomer. 124 Dedantius' king of britain reigned v. years. 120 Detonus reigned in this land of Britain ii years. 118 Gurgineus reigned iii years in Britain. 115 Merianus was king of Britain ii years. 113 Bladunus governed Britain ii years 111 Capenus, reigned king of britain three years. 108 Ouinus ruled Britain ii years. 106 Silius reigned in Britain ii years. 104 Bledgabredus was twenty years king of Britain. He delighted much in music, and gave himself to the study thereof. 94 Archemalus was king of Britain two. years. 92 Eldelus reigned king of Britain iiii. years. In this time divers prodigies were seen, Prodigious signs in the air. as globes of fire, bursting out of the air with great noise. Rodianus, 88 was king of Britain ii years. Redargius reigned king of britain three years. 86 Samulius reigned in britain two. years 83 Penisellus was made king of Britain: 81 who governed it iii years. Pyrrhus' ruled Britain ii years. 78 Caporus, 76 was king of Britain ii years. Dinellus, 74 the son of Caporus, a just & virtuous prince governed this realm of Britain four years. Helius the son of Dinellus, 70 reigned not fully one year king of britain. Of this prince the Isle of Ely took this name: Now the isle of Ely stooke first that name. for that he there builded a goodly palace, wherein was his most delight to live: and also was there buried. Lord, 69 King Lud builded London from London slone to Ludgate, and named it Ludston. the eldest son of Hely, succeeded his father, and reigned xi years in Britain. As soon as he was made King, he reform the state of his common weal: for he amended his laws, and took away all usages that were naught: Moreover, he repaired the City of London then called Troynovant, with fair buildings and walls: and builded on the west part thereof of, a strong gate, which unto this time retaineth the name of him, and is called Ludgate. Finally he died, leaving after him two sons Androgeus and Theomancius: who being not of age to govern, their uncle Cassivelane obtained the Crown. Our Chroniclers write, that London took the name of this Lud, and was called Ludston. He was buried near to the same Ludgate, in a Temple which he there builded. 58 Cassivelane, the son of Hely (as our vulgar Hystoriographiers writ) after the death of his brother Lud, was made governor of Britain, which he ruled xix years. julius Cesar made his first voyage into England. In the viii year of his reign, julius Cesar, who warred long in France, made the first viage of any stranger into this Realm: and afterward subdued it. When C. julius Cesar, had warred seven years in France & Germany, coming unto that part where calais and Boulogne now stand, he determined to make war into Britain which until that time remained unfrequented and unknown of the romans. His quarrel was, because that in the wars of France, he perceived the frenchmen to have much succour and aid from thence. Wherefore having prepared lxxx ships, he sailed into Britain: where at the first being wearied with an hard and sharp battle, And after with sudden tempest, his navy almost destroyed: he returned again into France, there to winter his men. The second voyage of julius Cesar in to England. The next spring (which was the year before Christ .51.) His navy being new rigged and increased, he passed the seas again with a greater army. But whiles he went towards his enemies on land, his ships lying at anchor, were again by tempest almost lost: for either they were driven on the sands, where they stack fast: or else through beating one an other, with force of the tempest, they were destroyed. So that xi. were lost, the other with much labour were saved. Upon land also his horsemen at the first encounter were vanquished, and Labienus the Tribune slain. At the second conflict, not without great danger of his men, he put the britains to flight, and pursued them to the river of Thamis: on the further side whereof, Cassiucian, with a great multitude of people, was keeping the banks, but they not able to resist the violence and force of the Romans, hid themselves in woods, and with sudden eruptions oftentimes invaded them: but in the mean time their strongest city, London submitted to julius Cesar. Troynovant submitted itself to Cesar delivering unto him hostages: which example also the other cities followed: England first tributary to the Romans john Lidgate julius Cesar, a bakers son conquering the world and being the first Emperor, was in the capitol by the senate slain with bodkins whereby Cassivelan after many losses was constrained to give pledges, and to agree that Britain should become tributary to the Romans. Then Cesar like a conqueror with a great numbered of prisoners sailed into France, and so to Rome, where shortly after he was slain with bodkyns. john Lydgate in his book named the Serpent of division writeth, that julius Cesar builded in this land divers cafteis and cities for a perpetual memory, to put his name in remembrance: that is to say, The castles of Dover Canterbury Rochester, & the tower of London builded. the castle of Dover, of Canterbury, Rochester, and the Tower of London, the castle and town of Caesar's bury: taking his name after Cesar, the which is now called Salisbury. Salisbury, Chichester and Excester builded. He also edified Caesar's Chester that now is called Chichester, and the castle of Excester etc. Thus ended th● wars which he made in britain, whereby he rather opened only a way for his successors, to come to the same: then that he delivered to them the dominion thereof. This conquest was made .2255. years after the versall flood .1057. years. after the arrival of Brute .702. years after the building of Rome, in the second year of the .181. olympiad, the .1116. year before the conquest made by William of Normandye, and .1615. years before this present year of our Lord .1564. Theomancius, 42 the son of Lud, and nephew to Cassivelan succeeded in the realm of Britain, and reigned quietly xxiii. years: and was buried at London. Cymbalinus, 19 the son of Theomantius reigned king of Britain xxxv years, and was buried at London. The most blessed and pure virgin Mary, mother of our saviour jesus Christ, was born of the holy matron Saint Anne, the year of the world .3948. the year before Christ .15. When Cesar Augustius the second Emperor by the will of God had established most sure peace through the world, our redeemer JESV CHRIST, The birth of Christ. very God and man, upon whom peace waited, was borne in the xlii year of the reign of Augustus: after the universal Flood .2305. years. From the birth of Abraham .2012. years. After the departing of the Israelites out of Egypt 1509. years, after the building of the temple by Solomon .1029. years. From the building of Rome .752. years. after the captivity of Babylon .614. years. And in the last year of the .194. olympiad. But here is to be noted, that the first year of our Lord hath but seven. days, after some computation: for he was borne the xxv day of December, & the first of january following, began the second year. From this place following, the years since Christ's birth, are placed in the margin, at the beginning of every kings Reign. 17 GUiderius, the first son of Cimbalyne began his reign over the Britain's, in the xvii year after the birth of Christ our Saviour. Thomas Lanquet. This man was valiant, hardy, wealthy, and trusted much in his strength. And for that he thought the romans had their tribute wrongfully, he of great courage denied to pay the same. For which cause Claudius the .v. Emperor came into Britain with a great power, to claim again the payment thereof: and lastly slew the said Guiderius, when he had reigned xxviii years. arviragus, 45 the youngest son of Cymbalyne, and brother of Guiderius, was ordained King of Britain: he reigned xxvii years. Southampton, how it took that name. He slew Hamon near to a haven of the sea, and threw him gobbet meal therein: Wherefore it is now called Southampton. Claudius' the Emperor (after divers haps of battle) took king arviragus to his grace. And for so much as he perceived him to be a valiant prince, in token of friendship (as the english Chronicles testify) gave to him his daughter in marriage, named Genissa. Gloucester builded, which before was named Carlyon. This Claudius (as saith Fabyan) builded Gloucester: and arviragus was there buried. Peter and Paul by the tyranny of Nero, Peter and Paul crucified. were crucified at Rome, after the birth of our saviour jesus Christ, 68 years. Marius', 73 the son of arviragus, an excellent wise man was ordained king of britain. He reigned liii years. In his time Lodrik king of the Pictes (which were a people of Scythia) accompanied with the Scots, invaded Britain, and spoiled the country with sword and fire, against whom Marius with his knights, assembled in all haste, & gave them sharp battle. Wherein Lodrike captain of the Pictes was slain, with a great number of his soldiers: to them which he remained, Marius gave inhabitant in the further part of Scotland. And for as much as the Britains disdained to give their daughters to them in marriage, they acquainted them with the Irish men, & married their daughters, and grew in process of time to a great people. Chester town builded. This Marius (as saith Fabyan) builded the town of Chester, and is buried at Carlyon. 126 COilus, the son of Marius, was ordained king of the britains. He was brought up even from his young age in Italy among the Romans and therefore favoured them greatly, & paid the tribute truly. Some writ, that he builded the town of Colchester, Colchester builded. he reigned liii years, & was buried at York. 180 LUcie, the son of Coilus was ordained king of Britain, who in all his acts and deeds followed the steps of his forefathers, in such wise that he was of all men loved and dread. England first received the christian faith. This Lucy in the viii year of his reign, that was about the year of our Lord .187. scent loving letters to Eleutherius bishop of Rome, desiring him to send some devout & learned men, by whose instruction both he & his people might be taught the saith and religion of Christ: whereof Elutherius being very glad, sent into Britain ii famous clerks, Faganus, and Dunianus. Gildas in his book De victoria Aurelii Ambrossi. By whose diligence (as Gildas writeth) Lucy and his people of Britain were instructed and baptized in the faith of Christ 1294. years, after the arrival of Brute: In this time (as Gildas & Martin, a chronicler do writ) xxviii. temples of Flamynes were made cathedral churches, and bishops placed in the same as Flamyns before had been. London, York and Earlyon were archbishops. The year of Christ .189. Lucius' king of Britain, when he had reigned xii. years deceased, and was buried at Gloucester: after whose death, for so much as of him remained no heir, the britains between themselves fell at great discord and war, which continued to the great disturbance of the realm about xu years. By mean of this foresaid discord among the britons: Severus was moved to make haste into this Country, as well to quiet the realm, as to keep back the Pictes and Scots, which vexed them with war. he caused a wall of turfs and great stakes to be made of the length of 112. miles, Adrians' wall repaired by Senerus, which is yet called the scottish bank. or (after some) repaired the wall of Adrian: It began at Tyne, and reached to the scottish sea. This Severus governed Britain .v. years, and was buried at York. 213 BAssianus Caracalla succeeded his father in the empire, and reigned vi years. Of nature he was cruel and fierce, able to endure all pains and labours, & especially in warfare, whereto he seemed to be framed of nature. 218 In Britain was yet no king: but the Emperor was accounted as king, wherefore (as some writ) Carassus, a britain of low birth (but valiant and hardy in martial deeds) purchased of the Emperor, the keeping of the coasts of britain. By means whereof he drew to him many knights of his country, and addressed deadly war against the the romans: having the better hope, for that he heard of the death of Bassianus the emperor, who about this time was slain by one of his own servants. Polydore Virgile But Polydore affirmeth that this Carassus took on him the governance of Britain in the time of Dioclesian: and saith, that this land was in good quietness the space of .76. years, with whom the latin histories seem to agree. Alectus, a duke of Rome was sent to subdue Carassus, which unlefullye usurped the crown of Britain: To which Alectus, fortune was so favourable, that he vanquished Carassus: and lastly slew him, when he had reigned viii years. Alectus, 226 the roman governed the britains after he had subdued the land again to the Romans: and used among them much cruelty & tyranny. Wherefore they intending utterly to expel the Romans, moved a noble man called Asclepiodatus, Alectus slain by Asclepiodatus. to take on him the kingdom: who gathered a great power and made sharp war upon the romans, and chased them from country to country, until at length Alectus kept him at London for his most surety: whither Asclepiodatus pursued him and near to that city gave him bata●le: in which Alectus was slain, when he had governed britain vi years. Asclepiodatus, 232 after Alectus was thus slain, belayed the city of London with a strong siege, wherein was Livius Gallus the roman captain: and ere it were long, by knightly force and violence, entered the city, and slew the forenamed Gallus near unto a broke there at that day running, Walbroke in London, how it took that name. into which broke he threw him, by reason whereof, it was called Gallus or Wallus brook: and this day, the street where sometime the broke ran, is called Walbroke. After which victory Asclepiodatus governed britayne xxv years. 262 At this time happened a great dissension in britain between Asclepiodatus their king, and one coil duke of Colchester: whereby was raised a grievous war, Asclepiodatus slain. in which Asclepiodatus was slain. And coil took on him the kingdom of britain, and governed the realm the space of xxvii years. 289 Constantius, a duke of Rome was sent into britain to recover the tribute: shortly after whose arrival. coil which then was king, died: Wherefore the britains to have more surety of peace, willed this Duke to take to wife Helena, the daughter of coil, which was a wonderful fair maiden, and therewith well learned. This Constantius when he had recovered the tribute, returned with his wife Helena to Rome: as chief ruler of Britain: who governed the same xxi years: he was buried at York. In this Constantius time, S. Albon of England martyred. was S. Albon prothomartir of England, martyred at Uerolan. Of him john Lidgate monk of bury hath compiled a goodly story in english metre Heroical. john Lidgate COnstantine, the son of Constantius, 310 succeeded as well in the kingdom of Britain, as in the governance of other realms, that were subject afore to his father. This Constantine was a right noble and valiant prince and son of Helena, a woman of great sanctimony, and borne in Britain. He was so mighty in martial prowess, that he was surnamed the great Constantyne: And had the faith of Christ in such reverence, that alway most studyouselye he endeavoured to augment the same. In witness of his belief, he caused a book of the Gospel to be carried before him and made the bible to be copied out, and sent into all parts of the empire. Wherefore the kings of England wear close crowns Of this man the kings of Britain had first the privilege to wear close crowns or diadems: he reigned xviii years Constantine in the vi year of his reign came with a part of his army against Maxentius, The first christian Emperor. which vexed the Romans with grievous exaction and tribute: when he was in his journey, by a vision in the night, he saw the sign of the Cross in the element shining like fire, and an angel thereby, saying in this wise: Constantine, in this sign thou shalt overcome. wherefore he being greatly comforted, shortly after vanquished the army of Maxentius: who fleeing out of the battle, was drowned in Tiber. Helena, S. Helen an english woman. the mother of Constantyne, at jerusalem found the cross, on which Christ suffered his passion, and the iii nails, wherewith his feet and hands were pierced. octavius, duke of Jesse's or wesse Saxons, whom Constantine made lieutenant in Britain rebelled: and endeavoured to expel the romans out of the land. Whereof when Constantine had knowledge, he sent against him a Duke named Traherne with legions of soldiers, after whose arrival in Britain was fought a fires battle, near to Wynchester: In which Traherne was put to the worse, and constrained to flee toward scotland: whom Octavius followed. And in Westmerlande gave to him the second battle: in which Octavius was chased, and Traherne obtained the victory, & pursued Octavius so fiercely, that he was driven to forsake the land, and sailed into Norway. octavius repairing his army, 329 came again into britain: but in the mean time an Earl which favoured his party, by treason murdered the forenamed Trahern. And then Octavius (called in the English Chronicles Octavian) reigned in this land at the least liv. years. In which time (as saith the Scottish history) he was troubled with often wars by the Romans: Ector Boice. Polidore saith, that this Realm was in good quiet all the time of Constantyne and his successors, Polydore Virgile until the fift year of Gratian, and maketh no mention of this Octavius which thing I I speak not for any reproach to Polydore (whom I know right well to have followed most certain and commendable Authors,) but only to show to the reader, the diversity of histories, which is great. 283 MAximus, son of Leonine, and cousin germane to Constantine the great, was made king of britain. This man was mighty of his hands: but for that he was cruel, and pursued somedeal the Christians, he was called Maximus the tyrant. Between him, and one Conon Meridoke a britain, was a strife and debate, in which they both sped diversly: but at at length they were made friends. Maximus reigned viii years. Maximus conquered little britain. Maximus, king of Britain made war upon the Galls, and sailed into Armerica, now called little britain: and subduing the country, gave it to Conon Meridoke, to hold for ever of the kings of great britain. Maximus, was constrained of the soldiers, to take on him the imperial crown: & therefore being in France passed further into the lands of the empire, & subdued a great part of France, and all Germany. Gratian the Emperor of him was put to flight at Paris and slain at Lions. Whiles Maximus was occupied in the wars in italy, Melga king of Pictes, and Guanius captain of the Huns, vexed the britains. Whereof when Maximus had understanding, he sent a captain named Gratian to withstand their force. Saint Ursula, S. Ursula of England. with the .11000. Virgins, which were sent into little Britain to be married to the foresaid Conon and his knights: were slain of the barbarous people being on the sea. Forthwith the foresaid Gratian that was sent into Britain of Maximus, 391 to defend the land from barbarians, took on him the kingdom of britain, and exercised all tyranny and exaction upon the people: for which cause he was abhorred of all the britains: and by them was slain, when he had reigned four years. Then was the Realm a good space without head or governor: In the which time they were now and then very much vexed with the foresaid Barbarous people, and other foreign enemies. The Scots and Picts invade England near about the year of Christ .427. the britains were invaded again by the Pictes and Scots: which not withstanding the foresaid wall that was made by the Romans, spoiled the country very sore, so that they were driven to seek for new help of the Romans: who sent to them a company of soldiers: which again chased the Picts, and made a wall of stone of the thickness of viii. foot, A wall of stone between England and scotland. & in height xii foot. Which thing when they had done, comforting the britones, and admonishing them hereafter to trust to their own manhood & strength, they returned again to Rome. The Scots and picts yet once again entered the land of Britain, spoiling the country, and chasing the commons so cruelly, that they were altogether comfortelesse, and brought to such misery, that each rob and spoiled other: and over this, the ground was untilled: whereof ensued great scarcity and hunger, and after hunger death. The Scots and Picts invaded this realm so sore, that the Romans refused to defend the same: but rather to lose their Tribute. In this necessity they sent for aid to Aetius, the Roman captain, being then occupied in wars in a part of France: but they had no comfort at his hand. And therefore were forced to send ambassade to Aldroenus, king of little Britain, to desire aid and comfort: which they obtained, in condition, that if they achieved the victory, Beda de gestis Anglorum. Constantine his brother should be made king of britain: for to that day they had no governor. Which thing of the Ambassadors being granted, the said Constantine gathered a company of soldiers, and went forth with them. And when he had manfully vanquished their enemies, obtained the victory: according to the promise made, he was ordained their king, and guided this land ten years. Here endeth finally the dominion & tribute of the Romans over this land, which had continued by the space of 483. years, from the time that Brute began to rule this land .1541. After the city of Rome was builded .1585. years. THen it followed, 433 that when Constantine brother of Aldroenus, had chased and overcome the Pictes and Scots (as is beforesaid) he was crowned king of great Britain and guided the land the space of ten years in quietness. In the court of Constantyne king of britain was a certain Picte, in so great favour and authority with the king, The king slain in his chamber by a Picte. that he might at all times come to his presence: who watching his time, by secret means traitorously slew the king in his chamber. 443 Then Constantius his eldest son, which for his loft spirit, was made monk at saint Swithens in Wynchester, A Monk made king of England. by the means of Uortiger, duke of Cornwall, was taken out of the cloister, and made king: under whose name the foresaid Uortiger ruled all the land and used great tyranny. Constantius, king of britain, was slain of certain Pictes or Scots, The king traiterousely slain by certaig Pictes. whom Uortiger had ordained for a guard to the kings body. Whereof when Uortiger had knowledge, he wept and made semblant of great sorrow and heaviness: and caused the said Scots or Pictes to be put to death, though he in deed were the chief causer of their treason and murder. So this Constantius reigned but .v. years: And Aurelius and Uther, the kings younger brethren, fled into little britain. Uortiger was by force ordained king of Britain, 448 and governed the realm xvi years, not without trouble. For the nobles of Britain suspected, that Constantius was not murdered with out his consent: And therefore alienated their minds from him. In Britain was so great plenty of corn and fruit, Great plenty of Corn and grain. that the like had not been seen many years before. Which plenty was cause of idleness, gluttony, lechery, and other vices: so that through their incontinent and riotous living, ensued so great pestilence and mortality, A great pestilence. that the living scantly sufficed to bury the dead. The Pictes and Scots also, having knowledge of the death of their knights, which were slain by Uortiger, for murdering of the king: The Scots & Pictes spoiled this land. invaded, and in most cruel wise spoiled the land of Britain. Uortiger being sore abashed, for so much ash knew the minds of his people to be alienated from him (after some men's opinion) sent for the Saxons, named Angli, which had no place to dwell in: & gave to them inhabitant in Kent. The first Saxons entering this realm. By their help and manhood in many battles, he vanquished and drove back the Pictes and other enemies: and therefore had them ever after in great love and favour. Hengist, one of the captains of the Saxons found means that Uortiger king of Britain married his daughter Rowan, King Uortiger divorced from his lawful wife, and married Rowan, the daughter of Hengist the Saxon. a maiden of wonderful beauty and pleasantness, but a miscreant and pagan. For her sake, the king was divorced from his lawful wife: by whom he had iii sons. For which deed well near all the britons forsook him: and the Saxons daily increased both in favour multitude and authority: and from this time sought alway occasion to extinguish utterly the power of the britains: and subdue the land to themself. The Saxons covenanted with the Britons, that they should attend to their worldly business: and the Saxons (as their soldiers) would defend the land from the incursions of all enemies: for which service the Britain's should give to them competent meat and wages. And under this pretence caused more Saxons to be sent for, intending at convenient time, by force to have the land in their subjection. Saint Germain came into britain to reduce them from the heresy of Pelagius, Pelagius heresy in England. to the faith of Christ. The britains considering the daily repair of the Saxons into this realm, showed to their king, the jeopardy that might thereof ensue, and advertised him to avoid the danger, and expel them out of the realm: but all was in vain. For Uortiger, by reason of his wife, bore such favour towards the Saxons that he would in no wise hear the council of his subjects. Uortiger deprived of his kingdom. Wherefore they with one will and mind deprived him of his royal dignity, and ordained to their King, his eldest son Uortimerus. VOrtimer (as before is said) being made king, 464 The king poisoned by his stepmother. in all hast he pursued the Saxons: and by his martial knighthood, vanquished them in iiii. great battles, besides conflicts and skirmishes. until at length he was poisoned by mean of Rowen his stepmother, after he had reigned vii years. Uortiger obtained again the kingdom of great Britain, 471 and reigned after this time ix years. But shortly after, Hengistus (which was chased of Uortimer into the Isle of Thanet, entered the land with a numbered of Saxons: but when he heard of the great assemble, that the britons made against him, be treated for peace: which in fine was concluded. Harding sayeth the Saxons slew on the Plain of salisbury iiii. C. and ix. barons and Earls, & took the kyngeprisoner. The Saxons in Britain, by privy guile and treason, got the king Uortiger into their hands, and kept him as prisoner: and by that means constrained the King to grant unto them three countries in the land of britain: (that is to say) Kent, sussex, Suffolk, and Norfolk. Than Hengist began his dominion over Kent: and sending for more saxons, to inhabit the other provinces: Abbot Ambry builded Ambresbury. shortly after made war upon the britains: and so chased them, that he kept his kingdom of Kent in peace and war xxiiii years. Uortiger fled into Wales, and there builded a castle. Of which building and long let of the same, and of his prophet Merlin, the common voice of the people speaketh many things. Aurelie surnamed Ambrose, and Uther, the brethren of Constantius king of brittayne: which was slain by the treason of Uortiger, landed with a navy of ships at Totnes: and by the help of britains, King Uortiger burned in his castle in Wales. which gathered to them in all haste, made war upon Uortiger, and burned him in his castle in Wales, where he kept him for his most sure defence. Aurelius Ambrose, 481 was ordained king of Britain, which immediately hasted him with an army towards York, against Octa son of Hengist, who with his saxons kept the City, where he discomfited, and took prisoner the said Octa. A Saxon named Hella, with his iii sons, The second kingdom of the Saxons. and a company of Saxons landed in the south part of britain slew the britons, & chased many of them into deserts and woods, and subdued the countries of Southery, Somerset, devonshire and Cornwall, which after was called the kingdom of South Saxons A saxon named Porthe, How Porismouthe came to that name. landed, with his ii sons, at an haven in southsex: After whom, the Haven is named Portsmouthe. The third kingdom of the Saxons The kingdom of the East Saxons began in britain under a duke named Uffa: The kingdom whereof contained Norfolk and Suffolk: the kings of that lordship were called Uffines: great murder & vexation of the britains was at the entering of those Saxons. 218 In the end of Aurelie his reign, Pascentius, the youngest son of Uortiger: who for fear of Aurelius fled into Ireland, invaded this land with a great army: at which season Aurelius was sick at Wynchester. And therefore sent his brother Uther, to resist the malice of Pascentius, & Guillamour king of Ireland. In the mean time Aurelius died (as some writ) being poisoned: when he had reigned xix years. 500 VTher, surnamed Pendragon, was crowned king of Britain, and reigned xvi years. He was enamoured upon the duke's wife of Cornwall: and to obtain his unleeful lust, made war upon her husband Garelus, and slew him in battle: he was buried at stonehenge. 517 Gildas made a book de gestis Arthuri. ARthur, the son of Uther Pendragon, a stripling of xu years of age, began his reign over Britain, and governed the land xxvi years, having continual war and mortal battle with the Saxons. Of this Arthure be written many things in the English chronicle, of small credence, and far discordant from other writers: but yet all agree, that he was a noble and victorious prince in all his dedes● and they testify, that he fought xii. notable battles against the Saxons, and was always victor. But notwithstanding he might not clearly void them out of his land, but that they held their countries which they were possessed of. john Frosarde affirmeth, john Frosard windsor castle builded. that king Arthure builded the castle of Wyndesour: and there founded the order of the round Table. The fourth kingdom of the west Saxons began in Britain, The fourth kingdom of the Saxons. under a Saxon called Cerdicus. They landed first at an haven in Norfolk called Yarmouth. With this Saxon Cerdicus, & his people, Arthure had much trouble and war. This lordship contained the west part of England, as Wylshire, Somersetshire, Berkshire, Dorsetshire and other. Arthure, when after many and divers battles, he had set his land in some quietness: he betook the rule thereof to his nephew Mordred, Galfride. and with a chosen army (as saith Galfride and other) sailed into France, where he did marvelous things, and vanquished Lucius Hibertus, the Roman capitain, which thing seemeth not to agree with other histories. Mordred the traitor usurpeth the crown. MOrdred, which had the governance of britain in the absence of Arthur, by treason was crowned king through the help of Cerdicus king of west Saxons. Of which treason when relation came to Arthur being then in France: with all haste he made back to Britain: where he was met of Mordred, which gave to him iii strong battles. In the which many noble and valiant knights perished. And lastly, in a battle fought besides Glastonbury, Mordred was slain, Mordred slain, and Arthur wounded to death. and Arthure wounded unto the death. He was buried in the valley of Aualon, and afterwards at Glastenbury. COnstantine, 543 kinsman to Arthur by assent of the brytons was ordained king of Britain, and reigned three years. This man was by the two sons of Mordred grievously vexed. For they claimed the land by the right of their father: so that between them was fought sundry battles: In the which lastly the two brethren were vanquished and slain. Holy Gildas our countryman flourished in this time, Gildas the wise. he was called Gildas the wise. Aurelius Conanus, a britain, raised mortal war against Constantine the king: and after sore fight, slew him in the field, when he had reigned iii years, and was buried at Stonehing. Aurelius' Conanus, 546 was crowned king of britain: he was noble, hardy, and therewith very liberal. but he cherished such as loved strife and dissension within his Realm: and gave light credence to them, which accused other, were it right or wrong. He imprisoned by strenngth his uncle, which was right heir to the crown: and died when he had reigned iii years. The .v. and vi. kingdom of the Saxons The kingdom of Northumberland began first in britain under a Saxon, named Ida. This province was first divided into two kingdoms: The one was called Deyra, which contained the land from Humber to Tyne: The other Brenicia, which included the country from Tyne to the scottish sea. After this day the britains decreased daily in lordship and rule, and drew them towards Wales, so that the country about Chester, was the chief of their lordship. 548 Uortiporus, the son of Conanus, was ordained king of Britain: of whom is little memory left, saving that Guido testifieth, Guido. that he was a victorious prince: and that he in divers battles discomfited the saxons: he reigned four years. 552 MAlgo, a duke of Britain, began his reign over the britains, and governed them xxxv years, as writers record. This Malgo was the comeliest and most personable man of all the britains then living, and therewith endued with knightly manhood: but he delighted in the foul sin of sodomy: and therefore was greatly spoiled by his enemies the Saxons. The first war between the Saxons in this realm Ethelbert, king of the saxons in Kent, gave battle to Ceaulmus king of the west Saxons: in which fight were slain ii dukes of Ethelbert's, & himself with his people chased. This was the first war between the Saxons, after they had land and dwelling within this realm. Cutwalphus, the son of Cerdicus, king of west Saxons, fought valiantly against the britains, and bereft them of four great towns. After the death of Cutwalphus before named, his brother Ceaulmus desirous of honour, made sharp war upon the britains, and won from them the cities of Gloucester, Worcester, and bath. CAreticus begins to rule the Britons. 586 This man (as witnesseth all writers) loved civil war, and was audible both to God and to his subjects, they moved the Saxons to war upon him: who took from him a great part of his land. The Saxons hearing of the dissension between Careticus and his Britain's, Gurmundus builded Gurmundchester so saith Harding, who alle●g●th Beda. being accompanied with Gurmundus king of Ireland, made war upon Careticus, in such wise that he was fain to take the Town of Sicester, where they assaulted him so sore that he with his men fled from thence into Wales: by which means he left a great part of his dominion: and shortly after ended his life, when he had reigned iii years. 589 THe Britain's which were chased by their enemies into Wales (as is before said) held them in those parties, and assaulted the Saxons some while in one coast, and some while in an other under sundry dukes: and so continued the space of xxiiii years. In Britain Ethelfridus governed the Northsaxons, who made such continual war upon the britains, and chased them so sore, that it is thought be slew more of them, than all the other Saxons kings. By this cruelty, the faith of Christ was almost utterly extinguished among the britains which had continued since the time of Lucius about .400. years, & many of the britains were chased out of the Island, the rest remained in Wales: who there kept the christian faith which they had received. The britains being chased out of their country into Wales, the Saxons obtained the whole dominion of this Island: The Saxons had the whole possession of this realm. Saving a part of Scotland which was subject to the Pictes and Scots: & the britons kept themselves in Wales. In Anno domini .596. S. Gregory sent Augustin Melitus justus, S. Augustin came into England. and john, with other learned men to preach the christian faith to the Angles: which were first received of Ethelbert king of Kent, S. Augustine's at Canturbery. whom they converted to the faith, with divers of his people. S. Paul's church in London, & S. Andrews in Rochester Saint Peter's at Westminster, builded. This Ethelberte (as some writ) first began to build S. austyn's in Canturbery. S. Paul's church in London, & s. Andrews in Rochester. he also excited a citizen of London to build the abbey of Westmynster. CAdwane Duke of Northewales, 613 was made sovereign of the britains, who coming out of Wales, gave strong battle to Ethelfride king of Northumberland their most deadly enemy: & in divers encounters so discomfited the said Ethelfride, that he was forced to entreat for peace: After which concord made between those two princes, they continued all their life time as two special and loving friends, he reigned xxii years. edwin, the son of Ella, which was persecuted of Ethelfryde king of Northumberlande made sore war upon the said Ethelfride, and slew him in plain battle, and then seized into his possession the kingdom of Northhumberland. This Edwine was the first christian king of that country. Mahomete first beginning. About this time began Mahomete among the Turks. The seven. kingdom. Also about this time began the kingdom of Mercia or middle England under the strong paynim and Saxon called penda: which lordship contained Huntyngtonshyre, Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, and other, and was greatest of all other kingdoms. At that time reigned in divers parts of this land seven. kings. Sibertus among the east Saxons, Redwallus king of East angles, now called Norfolk and Suffolk. Ethelbert king of Kent. Ethewolphus of Sussex: Ringilus & Quincellinus of West Saxons. Penda of Mercia edwin of Northumberland. Paulinus builded the great church at Lincoln. Edwin king of Northumberlande was baptized of holy bishop Paulinus: and after him, many of his people: Iron cups fastened by wells & fountains for travailing men to drink on. he for the refreshing of wayfaring men, ordained cups and dishes of iron to be fastened by such clear wells and fountains as did run by the ways side. CAdwallyne the son of began his reign over the britains. 635 He was valiant and mighty, and warred strongly upon the Sarons, & made Penda king of Mercia tributary to him: he reigned xlviii years, and was buried at London in scent martyn's church by L●dgate. Kyngilpus king of west Saxons was turned to the right belief, by a holy man called Berinus. Segebert, King of east Angles or Norfolk, ordained good learning to be taught and erected Schools in divers parts of his dominion, as he sometime had seen in France. The first School in cambridge builded. By him was the first common school founded at Cambridge. Kenwalcus king of west Saxons in britain was driven out of his kingdom by Penda, and kept from thence by force, the space of iii years. Penda king of Mercia warred upon Oswalde the good and holy King of Northumberland, and slew him in battle with many of his knights. Policronica. f. Columbe, cronicis Colmanni. Oswye, the brother of Oswald obtained the kingdom of Northumberlande: who slew Oswyne his brother's son: and made Odilwaldus partaker of his kingdom. Kenwalcus king of West Saxons was restored to his kingdom by the help of Anna, king of eastangles. He builded the bishops see of Winchester, The bishops see of Winchester builded. and made Agelbert the first bishop of that see. And after him was one named Wine, of whom the City took the name of Wynchester. Glazing brought first into Englaud Benet the monk, and master of the reverend Beda, was famous in Britain This Benet brought first the craft of glazing into this land. Chertesey in Southerye was afterward destroyed by the Danes. Cissa begun to build the abbey of Abington, and Erkenwalde bishop of London builded the abbeys of Chertsey, and of Barking in Essex. 683 CAdwallader was ordained king of britons, and ruled only iii years. He vanquished and slew Lethayre king of Kente, and Athelwolde king of South saxons, and then forsaking his kingly authority. he went to Rome, The king became a monk. and there becamme a religious man, and was buried at saint Peter's church at Rome. He was the last king of Britain. And this land after this time was called Anglia, The Island called universally England and the inhabitants thereof Angles or englishmen, and the britains were called Welshmen: which name they took of a duke called: Wallus. This happened .1791. years, or as saith Fabian .1822. after that Brute first arrived in this land: After the conquest of Cesar .735. years: From the entering of the Saxons under their leaders Hengist and Horsus, in the time of Uortiger .236. or near thereabout. Thus ended the reign of the Britons: and now followeth the reign of the Saxons. Although the Saxons had divided this realm into seven several kingdoms: yet I will now speak chiefly of the west saxons in order, because that (in process of time) they subdued the other kings, and brought it again into one monarchy. AMong the west saxons reigned a 686 noble man called jew, of great power and wisdom, and therewith valiant and hardy: in feats of arms very expert: he maintained such war against the kentish Saxons, that he constrained them to seek and entreat means of peace, giving to him for the same great gifts. The college of Welles, & the abbey of Glastenbury newly builded The queen of West Saxons was abbess of Barking: the king her husband became a religious man. This man builded first the college of Welles, & the abbey of Glastenbury: he paid the Peter pens first to Rome. When he had governed the west Saxons by the space of xxxvii years, by the earnest labour of his wife Etheldreda, which was an holy woman and abbess of Backing in Essex, gave up his royal power, and became a poor man, and went to Rome on pilgrimage. he is of Beda called Hun or jewe. 724 S. Beda in this time wrote in England. AFter him Ethelarde was king of west Saxons, in whose time the reverend Beda was famous, and wrote his book called Anglica historia, to Offrick king of Northumberlande. Ethelarde reigned v. years. 729 ●Uthred was king of West saxons. This man made war upon Ethelwald or Mercia, and lied therein diversly. In his time appeared two blazing stars, Two comets or blazing stars. casting as it were burning brands towards the north. He reigned xvi years. Ethelwald before named (as Harding writeth) builded the abbey of Crowlande. Crowlande builded. The holy man Beda, Beda deceased which for his learning and godly life, was renowned in all the world, ended his last day about the year of Christ .734. he in his life compiled lxxviii books. SIgebert was made king of West Saxons: 745 he was cruel and tyrannous towards his subjects: and changed ancient laws and customs, after his own will and pleasure. And because a certain noble man, somedeal sharply advertised him to change his manners, he maliciously caused the same person to be put cruelly to death: And for so much as he continued in his malice, & would not amend: he was deprived of all kingly authority. The king deprived, and slain by a swineherd. and lastly, as a person desolate and forlorn, wandering alone in a wood, was slain of a swineherde, whose lord and master, (when he had reigned as king) he had wrongfully put to death, when he had reigned three years. KEnulphus, of the lineage & blood of Cerdicus first king of West saxons, 748 reigned in the kingdom xxxi years. The virtue of this man far passed his fame. At the beginning he appeased certain murmours and grudges, that were among the people, for the deposing of his predecessor Sigebert. Winchcomb abbey builded Kenulfe king of Mercia builded the abbey of Wynchecombe. Offa, a noble man reigned in Mercia, or middle England; he had war with them of Northumberlande: and for a time subdued them. He warred also against Etheldred king of east angles: and vanquished and took prisoner, Egbert king of Kent. The abbey of S. Albon's builded. Offa, king of Mercia builded the abbey of saint Albon, he chased the britons or Welshemen into Wales, and made a famous dike between Wales and the utter bounds of Mercia, which is now called Offa dike. Kenulphus king of west saxons, as he haunted to a woman, which he kept at Merton, The King Kenulphus slain. was slain by treason of of one Clio, the kynsemanne of Sigeberte, late King. He was buried at Wynchester. 778 BRithricus, of the blood of Cerdidicus, was made king of west saxons: and knightly ruled his land, the space of xvii years: he married one of the daughters of Offa, king of Mercia by whose power he expelled Egberte, that was an under king in the lordship of west saxons. In his time (as saith Fabyan) it rained blood from heaven, It rained blood. which falling on men's clothes, appeared like crosses. The Danes first entered this land of Britain, The Danes first entered this land. but by the strength and puissance of Brithricus, and other kings of the saxons, they were driven back, and compelled to void the land, Brithricus was poisoned by his wife Ethelburga. The king poisoned by his wife. For which deed the nobles ordained, that from thenseforthe the kings wives should not be called Queens, nor suffered to sit with them in places of estate. EGbert the saxon, 795 which by Brithricus was chased out of the Realm, having knowledge of the death of Brithricus, returned onte of France, and in so knightly wise demeaned himself, that he obtained the government of West Saxons, he tamed the welsh men, vanquished Berthulphus king of middle England, and subdued to his signory and obeisance, the kentish saxons, East-Saxons, and Northumber's, & reigned as king over the more part of England, the space of xxxvii years, and was buried at Wynchester. The Danes second entering this land. The Danes with a great host, entered this landd the second time, and spoiled the Isle of Shepey in Kente, against whom Egbert the king addressed him with his power: whom the Danes forced to flee the field. After which time, some of the Danes continually abode in one place or other of this land. 832 EEthelwolphus, the son of Egbert began his reign over the more part of England. Ethelwolphus gave first tithes in England, as john Harding affirmeth. This man in his youth was willing to have been a priest, & entered the order of subdeacon: howbest after he married a wife, by whom he had four sons, which reigned after him successively. He went to Rome, where he repaired the english school, An hospital for englishmen builded at Rome. which was first founded by Offa king of Mercia. This school was after turned to an hospital for englishmen, which came to Rome. he first founded the university of Oxenford, Oxenford builded. which some writers attribute to Offa, king of Mercia, that was in the time of Charles the great ix years before this tyme. He reigned xxiii years, and was buried at Wynchester. EThewlaldus, 855 after the death of his father, began his reign in England, he married a woman, which his father had kept before as his concubine: and died when he had not reigned fully one year. EEthelbert, 856 The Danes third entering this land. the brother of Ethelwold was made king over the more part of England. In the beginning of his reign, the Danes entered the west part of the realm, and spoiled the country afore them, till they came to Wynchester, and by strength took it. But by the king and his dukes, they were forced to leave Wynchester: and in retiring towards their ships, they lost a great number of their men. He reigned vii years: and was buried at Sherborne. ETheldred, 893 This king divided the day and night in three parts. 8. hours to serve god .8. hours where suits of his people, and viii. hours to take his sleep & rest. the third son of Ethelwolphus, took on him the governance of Westsaxones, and other Provinces of England. He was a man framed of nature, as well to peace as war. Among his subjects, he was mild, gentle, loving and pleasant: against his adversaries, severe, fierce, valiant, and hardy. He lived in continual war with the Danes: which all the time of his reign, vexed this land with most deadly wars (as john Harding writeth) he divided the day in three parts viii hours to serve god, viii. to hear suits of his people, and viii to take his sleps and rest. The Danes landed in Northumberlande. A company of Danes landed in Northumberlande: and after many skirmishes and battles to them given, by strength they possessed and held that country, the space of ix years, and got also the City of York. King Edmund slain by the Danes A company of the Danes entered the country of Norfolk, where they slew the holy king Edmonde, which governed the province of Norfolk: because he would not forsake the faith of Christ. Of this king Edmund, john Lidgate, john Lidgate monk of Bury hath compiled a goodly treatise in english metre heroical. Women to keep their chastity disfigured them selves by cutting of their noses and overlyppes. At Colyngham saint Ebb abbess cut of her nose and overlip, and persuaded all her ●yuers to do the like that they being audible to the Danes, mought better keep their virginity: in despite the Danes burned the abbey, and the Nuns therein. Also those Danes landed again in Southery, and went forward till they came to Reading, and took that town and cattle: at which time, while Etheldred was busied against them, he had word of the landing of Offrike king of Denmark with an other company, to whom the King gave many strong battles. The king Etheldred slain by the Danes But in the end he was put to the worse, and received a wound: whereof he died, when he had reigned ix years. The prioryist Excetor builded. He builded the priory of Canons at Excetor, and was buried at wynbourne. Allured the fourth son of Ethelwolphus began his reign over the more part of England, 872 and reigned. xxviii. years. This man was of fair stature and comely parsonage no less renowned in martial policy then in civil governance of his common weal. He was wise, dyscreete, and learned, and raudured good Letters excellently well. In youth somewhat he was disposed to the vicy of the flesh: and therefore besought god to chastise him by some continual sickness: whereby he might serve God the better, and yet not to be made unapt to worldly business. Wherefore by the ordinance of God, he was taken with the evil called Ficus, and was there of sick a long space. The first year of his reign in sundry places, he fought vi. times with the Danes: by means whereof his people were so weakened, that he was glad to make peace with his enemies. The Danes broke the league made with Alured. Wherefore in as secret manner as he might, he assembled a chosen company, and set upon them suddenly: and after the first conflict, held them so short: that he constrained them to give hostages for surety of peace. Alured was sore overset with new companies of Danes: but at length, taking to him a valiant courage, he enterprised to espy the manner of his enemies, in this wise: The king counterfeated the minstrel he did on him the habit of a minstrel; and with his instrument of music, entered the tents of the Danes: and in showing theyin pastime and song, he espied all their sloth and idleness: and heard much of their counsel. Then privily returning to his army, with a chosen company fell upon the Danes in the night, and slew of them a great numbered: and lastly concluded a peace, on condition that as many of them as would be christened, should inhabit the provinces of East Angles and Northumberlande: the other to departed into France. Shaftesbury & Ethlingsey builded. As Guido writeth, he builded the house of nuns at Shaftsburye, and an other house of religion at Ethelyngsey. By the counsel of Nottus, The first grammar school in Oxenford builded. Alured ordained the first Grammar school in Oxenford, and franchised the town with many great liberties. He builded the new minster in Wynchester, New abbey in winchester and there lieth buried. EDwarde, 901 This K. Edward is called Edward the signior. the Elder son of Alured, began his reign over the most part of England, and governed this land well and nobly. xxiiii. years. In knowledge of good letters, he was not to be compared to his father: But in honour worship and martial prows nothing inferior: and was also profitable to the common weal, in building and repairing many castles towns and cities which were razed and broken by the Danes. He in his time builded Herford castle, Herford castle builded, and adjoined to his lordship all this Island, saving only Northumberlande, which was possessed of the Danes. He lieth buried at Wynchester by his father, in the new minster. and as Fabyan writeth, The monastery of S. Peter at Gloceter builded he builded the monastery of S. Peter in Gloucester. In this time a noble woman named Elfleda, sister to king Edward, governed the province of middle England. This woman when she had ones assayed the pains that women suffer in travailing with child, ever after hated the embracings of her husband: saying, That it was not seemly for any noble woman to use such fleshly liking: whereof should ensue so great sorrow and pain. She tamed the Welshmen, and in divers battles chased the Danes. After whole death Edward held that province in his own hand. ADelstane, after the death of Edward signior his father, 925 The King was crowned at Kyngston. begun his reign in England, he was a prince of worthy memory, valiant & wise in all his acts: and brought this land to one monarchy: for he expelled utterly the Danes, subdued the Scots, and quieted the Welshmen. He reigned. xv. years, and lieth at Malmsbury. john Lidgate Of him john Lidgate monk of Bury hath translated a goodly story out of Latin into english metre, which was compiled in Latin by Girardus Cambrence. Edmund, 940 the brother of Adelstan took on him the governance of this realm: whose short reign take from him the renown of most high praises that should have redounded to his posterity: for he was a man disposed of nature to nobleness & justice. he reigned vi years, and was buried at Glastenburie. ELdred succeeded Edmund his brother: 946 The King crowned at kings town for his sons edwin and Edgar, were thought to young to take on them so great a charge. This Eldred had the earnest favour of the commons, because he was a great maintainer of honesty, and also most abhorred naughty and unruly persons: for his expertness in feats of arms, he was much commended. Whereby he quieted and kept in due obeisance, the Northumber's and Scots, and exiled the Danes. He reigned ix years, and was buried in the cathedral church of Wynchester. 955 He was crowned at Kyngstoune. A vicious king. EDwine succeeded his uncle Eldred in the kingdom: of whom is left no honest memory, for one heinous act by him committed in the beginning of his reign. In the self day of his Coronation, he sodeynelye withdrew himself from his Lords and in the sight of certain persons, ravished his own kinswoman, the wife of a noble man of his Realm: and afterward slew her husband, that he might have the unlawful use of her beauty. which act, and for banishings Dunstane, he became audible to his subjects, and of the Northumber's, and people of middle England, that rose against him, was deprived, The king deprived. when he had reigned four years. he was buried in the cathedral church of Wynchester. EDgar, brother to edwin, began his reign in England. He was a prince of worthy memory, 959 He was crowned at Bathsome say at Kyngstoune. for his manifold virtues greatly renowned: so excellent in justice, and sharp in correction of vices, aswell in his magistrates, as other subjects: that never before his days was used the less felony by robbers, or extortion or bribery by false officers. He chastised also the great negligence, covetousness, and vicious living of the clergy he reformed, and brought them to a better order: of stature he was but little, but of mind valiant and hardy, & very expert in martial policy. This king builded and repaired. xi. abbeys, in England, as Wilton, Peterborowe, Thorney, Ramsey. etc. he prepared a great navy of ships, which he disposed in iii parts of his realm, and had soldiers always priest and ready against the incursions of foreign and strange enemies be reigned. xvi. years. He builded Peter's Bury, Thorney, Ramsey, and many other, & was buried at Glastenbury. Ludwallus, prince of Wales, paid to him yearly, in name of tribute .3000. wolves, by mean whereof within four years in England and Wales might scantly be found one wolf. The wolves in England destroyed. This edgar in his flourishing youth was some deal given to the lust of the flesh: which he afterward grievously repent. Good laws made against quaffing and alehouses. In his time as well the Danes as all other people in England, used the vice of great drinking: The king therefore road through the realm, and put down many alehouses, and would suffer but one in a village or town, except it were a great borough: and ordained certain cups with pins and nails. and made a law, that who soever drank past that mark at one draft should forfeit a certain pain: whereof the accuser should have the one half, and the ruler of the Town the other half. It is written by Fabyan, and others, that Edgar bring at Chester, entered the river of Dee, Eight petty kings rowed king Edgar up and down the river of Dee. and sitting in the boat, he took the rule of the helm and caused viii kings to row him up & down the river unto S. john's church and from thence to his palace, in token that he was lord & king of so many provinces 975 The King crowned at Kyngston. EDward, the son of Edgar by his first wife, began his ceigne over this realm, contrary to the mind and pleasure of Elfride his stepmother and other of her alliance. In all kinds of honest virtue, this man might well be compared to his father: and began his Reign with such modesty and mildness, that he was woorthylye favoured of all men: Except only Elfryde, which ever bore a grudge against him: for so much as she desired to have the governance of the Realm, for her own son egelred. Edward, while he was hunting in a forest (by chance) lost his company, and road alone to refresh him at the Castle of Corffe: The king murdered by his stepmother. where by the counsel of his stepmother Elphrede, he was traitorously murdered, as he sat on his horse: When he had reigned iii years. he was buried at Shaftesbury. After his death God showed for him divers miracles. Wherefore he is numbered among the saints and martyrs. Before the death of this Edward appeared a blazing star of marvelous greatness. A blazing star. It is of some authors written that the foresaid Elphrede afterward take great penance, and that she builded two monasteries of nuns, Almesbury and Warwell: Almsbery & Warwel builded. in which Warwell she after lived a solitary life till she died. 978 EGelrede, or Etheldrede, the son of king Edgar and alphred, was ordained king of England, The king crowned at Kyngston. and crowned at Kingstoune. He was goodly of shape and visage: but wholly given to idleness, and abhorred all princely exercises: a lover of riot, lechery, and drunkenness, and used extreme cruelty towards his subjects: having his ears open to all unjust complaints. In feats of arms of all men most ignorant: his cruelty made him odious to his subjects: and his cowardice encouraged strange enemies to invade his kingdom. By means whereof, this land was sore afflicted with war, famine, and pestilence. In his time decayed the noble kingdom of England, England became tributary to the Danes: and: became tributary to the Danes: whereby the Danes, when they had spent the said tribute, fell straight again to robbery, and arrived in sundry places of England: as in the Isle of Thenet, In Cornwall and Sussex: and after many damages by them done, and rich gifts received of the King, they returned into their country for a tyme. The Danes besieged London. But shortly they again entered this land in so many places, that the king etheldred was to seek, to which coast he should first go to withstand his enemies. In conclusion for avoiding of further danger, he was compelled to appear them with great sums of money: but when the money was spent, they fell to new robbing, and cess not to spoil the land: and lastly besieged London. And to augment the kings sorrow, Elphricus that then was admiral of England, traitorously fled to the Danes. And after being reconciled, fled to them the second time? While this cruel war continued in England, by mean of a bishop named Elphegus, a peace was concluded: at which time (as Polidore witnesseth) the king made his land tributary to the Danes: Great tribute said to the Danes the payment whereof, from the sum of ten thousand pounds, in few years, was raised to fifty thousand. The bloody flux, the burning fever with divers other maladies vexed the people throughout all England. Etheldred king of England, took to wife Emma, the sister of richard Duke of Normandy: which for her beauty, was called the Flower of Normandy. etheldred being greatly enhanced in his mind for this his marriage, sent forth into all parts of his realm secret and straight commissions, charging the rulers, that upon a certain day and hour assigned, The Danes suddenly murdered & slain the Danes (which proudly used great cruelty in the land) should be suddenly slain, and so was if done. Which thing was after cause of great misery: For Swain king of Denmark hearing of the murder of the Danes, and being sore moved therewith, landed with a strong army in divers parts of this realm: A great number of Danes arrive in this land and so cruelly without mercy and pity, spoiled the country, and slew the people: that the english men were brought to most extreme and unspeakable misery. But yet after & certain space a peace was entreated: For which the englishmen paid thirty thousand pounds. Howbeit divers princes of the Danes still continued wasting the land in divers places. Swain king of Denmark repent of the former covenants, made with the englishmen: & thinking to attain to the whole dominion of this land: with a strong army entered first Northumberland, than middle England: and so went forth till he came to London, London besieged by the Danes which he besieged, and destroyed the country of Kent. At this time egelred the king despairing of all recovery (not ones proffering to resist his enemies, with his wife and children fled to Richard duke of Normandy: & then possessed Swain the hole kingdom of this realm: who spoilt the lands of s Edmunds. But after his death succeeded Canutus his son: who enclosed the same with a deep dyche: and granted to the inhabitants thereof, great freedom. And after builded a church over the place of his sepulture, and ordained there an house of monks, enduing them with fair possessions. And after it was used the kings of England, when they were crowned sent for: an offering their crowns unto S. Edmond's shrine, S: Edmondes Bury builded and redeemed the same with a good price. The english men sent again for Etheldred out of Normandye, who by the help of the Normans, and present assistance of his commons, expelled Canutus. but shortly Canutus returned again into England, where he spared nothing that might be destroyed with sword & fire. In which time king Etheldred ended his life, when he had reigned xxxviii years, and was buried in the north Isle of Paul's church in London, above the altar. Fabian saith, that in the second year of this kings reign a great part of the city of London was wasted with fire: A great fire in London but how it began, his author telleth not. But ye shall understand, that this day, the city of London had most housing and building from Ludgate toward Westminster: and little or none where the chief or heart of the city is now, except in divers places was housing, but they stood without order. So that many towns & cities, as Canterbury, York, and divers other in England, passed London in building at those days, as I have seen (saith Fabyan) by an old book, sometime in the guilded hall of London, named Domes day. A book in the guild hall of London named domes day But after the conquest it increased, and shortly after passed and excelled all the other. About the viii year of this kings reign, died Ethelwald bishop of Wynchester, who was born in Wynchester, and there builded an abbey of Nuns (as saith Fabyan. AFter the death of Etheldred, 1016 great variance fell between the english men for the election of their king, for the citizens of London with certain other named Edmund the son of Etheldred, Edmund with the Iron side a young man of lusty and valiant courage in martial adventures both hardy and wise, and one that could very well endure all pains: Wherefore he was surnamed Ironsyde: but the more part favoured Canutus the Dane. By means whereof between those two princes were fought many great battles: in the which either party sped diversly, to the great slaughter of them that took their parts. But lastly, it was agreed, that the two captains should try their quarrel between themselves only. In which fight, 1038 although Edmund seemed to have the upper hand: yet be condescended to divide the realm and make Canutus fellow with him in the kingdom: which agreement was at last concluded. In this time there was an english Earl called Edricus, which by his falsehood had wrought much hurt to his natural country, and lastly was author of the death of the noble Edmund. King Edmund slain with a spear thrust up into his fundament as he sat on a privy And thereof himself brought first knowledge to Canutus the Dane, saying in this wise: Thus have I done Canutus for the love of thee. To whom he answered, saying: For my love thou hast murdered thine own sovereign Lord, whom I loved most entirely: I shall in reward thereof, exalt thy head above all the lords of England. I just reward given. And forthwith commanded him to be headed: and his head to be set upon a spear on the highest gate of London. john Harsdynging. These princes reigned together ii years. This Edmund was buried at Glastonbury. VUhen Canutus was established in the kingdom, 1018 he had knowledge how Olanns king of Norway in his absence invaded the country of Denmark: wherefore in all hast he sped him thitherward: & by the manhood of the english soldiers, obtained of them a noble victory, & recovered Norway to his signory. wherefore when he returned into England, he demeaned him toward all men as a sage gentle & moderate prince, and so continued twenty years. Canutus called a parliament at Oxenford: A parliament at Oxford. where it was decreed, that english men and Danes should hold the laws of edgar late king. Canutus subdued the Scots, whereby he was king of four kingdoms, that is to say of England, Scotland, Denmark & Norway. After that he went into Denmark, and so to Rome. And after returned again into England. Where he kept all his life time good justice, and did many charitable deeds: And after his death was buried in s. Swithins at Winchester. Of this Canutus Polidore hath written a notable history, Polidore Vergile. in the end of his seven. book of the history of England. 1038 HArold, the son of Canutus, by his wife Elgina, for his swiftness surnamed Harefote began his reign over this realm of England. In the beginning he showed some token of cruelty, in that he banished his stepmother Emma, and took from her such jewels and treasure, as she had. He reigned three years. He was buried at Westmynster, and after at S. Clementes without Temple bar. 1041 HArdikenitus, king of Denmark after the death of Harolde, was ordained king of England. He for the injury done to his mother Emma, reynold of Chester Robert Fabian caused the corpse of Harolde to be taken out of the sepulchre: and smiting of the head, cast it with the body into the river of Thames: where by a fisher it was taken up, and unreverently buried at S. Clementes (as afore is said.) He burdeined his subjects with exaction and tribute: and in meat and drink was so prodigal that his tables were spread four times in the day, and the people served with great excess when he had reigned iii years he died suddenly at Lambeth, not without suspection of poisoning, and was buried at Winchester. Hardikenitus being dead, the Danes were beaten, slain, and driven out of this land, into their own country xxviii. years after that Swain began first to reign. EDwarde, 1043 the son of Egelrede or Etheldred, by the advice of goodwin and Leofricus Earl of Chester, after the death of Hardikenitus, was sent for out of Normandy to take on him the governance of this realm of England, which he guided with much wisdom and justice, from whom issued as out of a fountaives, very godliness, mercy, pity, and liberality toward the poor, and gentleness and justice towards all men: and in all honest life, gave most godly example to his people. He discharged the englishmen of the great tribute called the Dane gelt, which was often before time levied to the impoverishing of the people. He subdued the Wes●hemen, which rebelled and made war upon their borders. The xvi year of this king Edward died the good earl Leofricus earl of Mercia & of Chester, Robert Fabian who was buried in the abbey of Coventrie, which he himself had caused to be builded. He purchased many great privileges for the aforesaid town of Coventrie. William bastard duke of Normandye. William bastard duke of Normandy, about this time came with a goodly company into England: and was honourably received: to whom the king made great cheer. And at his return enriched him with great gifts & pleasures: and (as some writ) made promise to him, that if he died without issue, the same William should succeed him in the kingdom of England. harold the son of the Earl Goodwin, went to Normandy: where he made faithful promise to duke William, that after the death of Edward, he would keep the kingdom to his behalf: on which condition, he brought with him at his return his brother Tosto. Thomas Couper. The noble king Edward finished his last day when he had reigned four and twenty years vii months and odd days. He purged the old and corrupt laws, The laws of S. Edward the confessor. and picked out of them a certain, which were most profitable for the commons. And therefore were they called the common Laws. For restitution whereof, happened divers commotions and insurrections in this land. He was buried at Westminster. harold, 1066 the eldest son of Earl goodwin, being of great power in England, and therewith valiant and hardy, took on him the governance of this Land, nothing regarding the promise that he made to William duke of Normandye. Wherefore when William sent to him Ambassades, admonishing him of the covenants that were agreed between them. harold, would in no wise surrendre to him the kingdom, which William claimed, not only for the promise that was made to him: but also because he was the next of King Edward's blood. In this mean time, Tosto which fled out of the Land, being moved against his brother the king of Norway, who entering in the north parts of England, with a great puissance discomfited ii Earls that gave him battle. But Harold in rescuing his people, slew the king, and his own brother Tosto, and chased the Norway's with disworship to their ships. Willlian duke of Normandy conquered this land. When William Duke of Normandye perceived, that he could not by any means bring harold to fulfil his promise, nor by treaty to yield to him the kingdom: by force he entered the land, to whom harold gave strong and sharp battle. In the end whereof, William by policy obtained the victory, chased the englishemen, slew harold, and obtained the governance of this land, when Harolde had reigned but ix months. He was buried at Waltham abbey, Waltham abbey. which himself had builded, and was the last that reigned of the blood of the saxons in this Realm. Thomas Couper. This happened .617. years after the first arrival of the Saxons or Angles, in which space they reigned diversly. first began the kingdom of Kent, the year of our Lord .475. under Hengistus. And after that vi other kyngdodomes at sundry times took their begynnyngs. Which all at the last were brought into one Monarchy, and subject to the West Saxons by king Adelstane, the year of our Lord ix hundredth thirty & eight. Which monarchy continued .129. years: during five and twenty of which years, the Danes reigned in this land under Canutus and Harolde. A summary of King william Conqueror. Anno regid .1. 1067 WIllyam Duke of Normandye, surnamed Conqueror, Thomas Couper. Bastard son of Roberte the sixth Duke of that duchy, and nephew unto king Edward the confessor, began his dominion over this Realm of England, the xiiii day of October, in the year of our Lord 1067. and deceased in the year .1087. the ninth day of September, and reigned xix years xi months, lacking five days. He used great cruelty toward the english men, burdening them with grievous exactions: By mean whereof he caused divers to flee the land into other countries. And like as he obtained the kingdom by force and dent of sword, so he changed the whole state of this common weal, and ordained new laws at his pleasure, profitable to himself: but grievous and hurtful to the people. This William was wise and politic rich and covetous, and loved well to be magnified. He was a fair speaker and a great dissembler. A man of comely stature, but somedeal gross bealyed: stern of countenance, and strong in arms, and had great pleasure in huntynge, and making of sumptuous feasts. With this William Conqueror, The names of normans and other that came with the conqueror. entered into this Realm, divers noble men and gentlemen, whose successors for the most part to this day do remain in great honour and reputation. To whom he disposed and gave great possessions and revenues. And because those houses may not be unremembered, I have thought good in this place to record the names of them, as john Hardynge in his chronicles dedicated to king Henry the syrte, doth particularly recite them. That is to say: Gospatryke, to whom he gave all Cumbreland, and made him earl thereof. Perey Bohune Malot Bewchamp Menylebyllers Umframuile Le Uause Taylboys Musgrave Muschaump Bailiol Bruis Bepount nevil Sent Clear S. Poule Melchynes Menvile Albemarle Le Fortz Courtenay Albenay Councy Gournay Gaunt Beer Latimer Darcy Ayncorte Lescrope mandevile Ledespenser Purpoynt Momboucher S. Elo Seint john Uernon Estontvile Delavale Evers Bonuile Belasyse Uescy Bowser Clarell Fitz Ralph Fitz Roger Fitz Waltar Fitz William Bulmer's Fawcomberde Claruays Fitz Waryne Malory Longchampe Matraversse Fitz Robert Mandit S. Quintine Fitz Thomas Fitz Henry Caunvyne john le viscount Normanuile Fornivale Lassels Scrutuile Mantalent Manley Mortimer Claruayle Mountforde La Poole Lucy Ualence Lusours Longuile Ferrer Engayne Longspe S. Uay Lacie Longchamp Coluill Toures Lisle Tracy Chauncy Bowlers Mountagu Sourdevyle Fulgers. Belknap Coniers Someruile Champneys Longuillers Manners Fitz Urcy Glaunuyle Bewfort Chauser Mountpillers' Mortayn Graunson Moruille Breton Broyne Gascoigne Daynvyle Chandose Paruynke Dabrygecourt Deverose Keruyle Chevercourt Fitz Hugh Cornuyle Morley Fitz Rayner Pudsay Harecourt Cheyny Dela hay Delamore Gargrave S. Omer Moyne Poyning S. Richar Chartenay. etc. Hitherto gathered out of Harding. The rest I have collected out of other good authors Pyget Bertrame Tochet Camoys Hauteney Warrayne Chavent Loveney Bygotte Mohant Marmylon bailiff Marrays Estrange Monbray Audeley Ueer Souche Couderay Brabanson Brabason Butecort Bysette Bassette Tressy Caunuyle jaunville Andgilham Bascoruile Chamberlain Logenton Hastynges muriel Bures Malebraunche Mortymer dine Lynnesey Fenys Boys Muse peach Daubeney S. Amounde Rivers Meville Chamburnon Uerdon Rydell Hanley mortmain Gower Botiller Fylberde Sent leger Paynell Traynell Peverell Daniel Arundel Rivell Loveday Denys Fitznormanduk Rous Trusbutte Corbyne Mounteney. etc. Anno. 2. 1068 The town of Excetor, & the North-humbers rebelled, which were both subdued and grievously punished. This king William builded four strong castles: Two castles builded at York, one other at Notyngham, and other at Lincoln. Twain at York, one at Notyngham, an other at Lyncolne, which he furnished with garrisons of normans. Anno. 3. 1069 Canutus king of Denmark being encouraged thereto by certain english outlaws, invaded the north parts of England, & passed through to York: from whence he was driven back by William, and forced to flee into his own country. Anno. 4. The Scots with their king Malcolyne, 1070 invaded Northumberland, and spoiled the country. Anno. 6. William king of England made such war upon the Scots, 1072 that he forced Malcolyne to do to him both homage and fealty, he also disherited Gospatrike, and exiled him the land, john Hardynge. and gave all Cumbrelande with the honour of Carlylle, to Ralph Meschynes, and made him earl thereof. King William by the counsel of the Earl of Hertford caused the money and riches of the abbeys to be brought into his treasury he made also the news Forest in the country of Southampton, The new forest in southhampton. for the atchiving which enterprise he was forced to cast down divers towns and churches xxx miles of length, and replenished the same with wild beasts, and made sharp laws for the maintenance and increase of the same. Auno .10. Roger earl of Hertforde & ranulph earl of Norfolk conspired against king William being in Normandye both which were by him outlawed, and chased out of the Realm. And Waldiffe that was duke of Northumberland and Earl of Huntyngdon and Northampton (who uttered the conspiracy) was beheaded at Wynchester, john Hardynge. & buried at Crowlande in Lincolnshire. Execution at Wynchester. Anno. 13. 1079 AT this time Oswalde Bishop of salisbury was famous in England. The king gave the earldom of Northumberlande to Waltar bishop of Durham, who was after slain by the men of Northumberland. Anno. 15. 1081 RObert the eldest son of William by the counsel of Philippe king of France, invaded his father's duchy of Normandye, wherewith William being greatly disposed, gave his son a strong battle: in which it fortuned Robert to meet unwares in the field with his father, 10●● and bore him to the earth. But perceiving by the voice who it was, forth with he leapt from his horse, and saved his father: By which deed he was reconciled, and peace between them was agreed. Anno. 16. While king William of England was in Normandy, 1082 Srhewsbury and Wenloke bbeys builded. the Northumber's rebelled. About this xvi year, earl Waring earl of Shrewsbury, made two abbeys, whereof the one was in the suburbs of Shrewsbury, & the other at wenloke. Anno. 19 King William caused a new manner of Tribute to be levied throughout this Realm, 1085 The numbered of men of cattle, and how many hides of land was noted in England. for every hide of land (that is twenty acres) vi. s. And not long after, commanded a valuation to be taken of all lands, fees, and possessions, and diligent search also to be made, what numbered of men and cattle were within this land. A grievous reaction. And according to the quantity and number thereof, gathered an other payment. Anno. 20. England was vexed with many plagues. 1086 For great murrain fell among cattelle, Great plagues in England. brenning fevers and hunger among people, great barrenness upon the earth, and much hurt was done in many places, by the misfortune of fire: and specially in Londor. A part of Paul's church was brent For Fabyan and other authors affirmeth, that a part of Paul's was brent at that same time: namely the vii day of july. Battle abbey and Barmondsey abbey builded. King William builded two abbeys in England, one at Battle in Sussex: the other near to London called Barmondsay. He builded the third at Cane in Normandy. He ended his life the ix. day of Septembre, and was buried at Cane in Normandy. He had .v. children Robert, to whom he gave Normandy, Richard, who died in his youth. William Ruffus, and Henry, which were kings after him. And one daughter, named Adela, who he gave in marriage to Stephen earl of Blo●s, who got on her Stephen, that after was king of England (as saith Harding. William Rufus, or William the Red king. Anno regni .1. 1087 WIllyam Ruffus, the second son of William conqueror began his reign over the realm of England, the ninth day of Septembre in the year of our Lord .1087. and deceased in the year of our Lord. 1100. the first day of August: so that he reigned xii year xi months lacking viii days. He was variable and inconstant of his demeanour, very covetous and therewithal cruel. For he burdened his people with unreasonable taxes. He peeled the rich, and oppressed the poor. And caused many to lose their lands for small causes. And what he thus got by pilling of his people, be prodigally and wastefully spent in great banqueting and sumptuous apparel. It remaineth in record of good authority, that the best pair of hose then to be bought for the king, cost but iii s. as one Robert affirmeth: who wrote in the time of Henry the third. And as one auctor writeth (who wrote in the time of Henry the third) he would neither eat drink or wear any thing, but that it cost unmeasurably dear. And for an example, he writeth (which is to be noted in these our days) that in a morning his chamberlain bringing him a new pair of hosen, he demanded what they cost: his chamberlain answered iii s. Where with the king being wroth (as this author affirmeth) said as followeth. Fie a dibles q the king: who say so vile a deed King to wear so vile cloth? but it costened more. Buy a pair for a mark: or thou shalt a corry sore. A worse pair ynongh, that other swithe him brought, And said they costned a mark: & uneath he them so bought. Ye belamy (q the king) these were well thought, In this manner serve me: other ne serve me nought. OUt of this author I have taken the saying of K. William Ruffus because it importeth the simplicity of apparel in those days used: If kings in those days aware hose of xiii s four d. the price, then may subjects in these days imitate his chamberlain to wear of inferior price of iii s. Which price he thought king W. Ruffus would not have disdained: but as his chamberlain spared the kings privy purse in buying hose in those days: So now some of mean living spare not their own and others, to employ upon one pair which would buy prince's hose for a hole year, as this history reporteth. Robert Curthoise his elder brother came with an army into England, against William, whereof when the said Willlan had knowledge, he entreated peace. Anno. 2. 1088 divers Lords of this realm conspired against William Ruffus, and assaulted divers towns within England. They stirred in like manner against him Robert Curthoyse duke of Normandy, the second tyme. But William vanquished the traitors, chased them out of this realm, and made peace with his brother Robert. A great earth quake. This second year was a great earthquake, the xi day of harvest, that overturned many houses and churches in England. Anno. 3. The Scots spoiled Northumberland. 1089 Wherefore William Ruffus provided a navy, and sailed thither: where after divers conflicts and skirmishes a peace was concluded. Anno. 4. A great tempest fell on saint Luke's day in sundry places of England, 1090 Great tempest in England, The roof of Bowchurche and two hundred houses in London blown down. and specially in Wynchecombe: where a great part of the steeple was overthrown with thundering and lightening: & in London the wind overturned vi hundredth houses, and the roof of Bow church in Cheap, wherewith was slain more than twenty persons. Anno. 5. 1091 In this year William Ruffus went into Northumberland, & repaired such holds and castles, New castle upon Tyne builded. The roof of salisbury church consumed with lightening. as the Scots by their wars had impaired: and builded other there besides, as the New castle on Tyne, etc. This v. year the roof of salisbury Church was clean consumed with lightening. Anno. 6. 1092 In England fell wonderful abundance of rain: and after ensued so great frost that horses and carts passed commonly over great rivers, Great frost. when it thawed, the great cakes of ice broke down many great bridges. The welshemen rebelled. The Welshemen rebelled, but they were vanquished: & their duke or captain named Rees slain in battle. And after when their woods were cut down, they became by little & little to more quietness. The dukedom of Normandy mortgaged to the king of England. Robert Curthois duke of Normandy laid his dukedom to pawn to his brother William of England for ten thousand pounds. This vi year (as saith Guido) Hugh Lupus Earl of Chester sent to Normandye for Anceime, Chester abbey builded. to build an abbey at Chester: which he after builded, and then was made archbishop of Canterbury: and after was exiled by William Ruffus. Anno. 7. Malcolyne king of Scots for displeasure 1093 taken with the unkindness of William Ruffus invaded the marches of England: The king of Scots slain in England. and in Northumberlande was slain with his eldest son Edward, by Robert Monbray, which was earl of that province. This year was so great a pestilence, Great pestilence. that many men lay unburied. Anno. 8. England and Normandy were grieved with exactions, 1094 Great morein of men. and murrain of men so sharply, that tillage of the earth was laid aside for ten year, whereby ensued great hunger and scarcity the years following: And many strange & uncouth sights were seen, Strange sights seen in the air. as hosts of men, sighting in the sky, fiery flames, and such other. Anno. 10. The ten year was seen a blazing star, 1096 of great brightness. Anno. 11. About this time William Ruffus builded Westmynster Hall, 1097 who misliking the same, for that it was to small, was determined to make a bigger, and that it should serve for a chamber. Westminster hall builded. john rastal Although William Ruffus builded Westminster Hall, yet was it since that time finished or repaired by Richard the second: who gave the iii lions with the flower de luce quarterly, and the white heart for his cognisance, & he was the first that gave the white heart. Anno. 12. 1098 Great floods The xii year the river of Thames rose so high that it drowned many towns in England. A well cast out blood. & Great flames of fire seen in the element. In England at a town called Fynchauster in Berkshire, a well cast out blood as before it had done water, and after by the space of xu days great flames of fire were seen in the element. Anno. 13. 1099 William Ruffus being at his disport of hunting by glaunsing of an arrow that Walter Tyrell a french knight did shoot, was wounded to death in the new forest in Hampshire, on a Lammas day: and buried at Wynchester. john Hardynge. john Harding writeth, that William Rufus to enlarge the same forest, overturned four abbeys xvii parish churches, and all the town to them belonging. King Henry the first, called Beauclerke. Anno Reg. 1. HEnry, 1100 the brother of William Ruffus, and the first of that name for his learning called Beauclerk began his dominion over this realm of England, the first day of August, in the year of our Lord .1100. and reigned xxxv. years four months. and one day. This Henry was a noble prince, strong and mighty of body, of high stature, black heard, and had great eyes, a comely visage, and a pleasant and amiable countenance. He greatly abhorred excess of meats and drinks. In three things he was excellent, in wit eloquence, and good fortune in battle And for these, there reigned in him three notable vices, covetousness, cruelty, and lust of the body: but yet he was not so given to these vices, but that he far exceeded in virtue. At the beginning of his reign, he restored the state of the clergy, assuaged the grievous payments, reduced again saint Edward's laws, and amended them. Anno. 2. 1101 ranulph bishop of Durham procured Robert Curthoise duke of Normandy (which was now returned from jerusalem) to war upon his brother Henry for the crown of England: who assembled a strong army, and landed at Portismouth. But by mediation peace was made on this condition, A tribute paid to the duke of Normandy. that Henry should pay three thousand marks yearly to duke Robert. Anno. 3. 1102 In this third year of king Henry (as saith Fabian) the church and hospital of saint Bartholomew in Smithfield, The priory & the hospital of S. bartholomew in Smithfielde was begun to be builded. was begun to be founded by a minstrel of the kings, named Rayer: And after finished by good and well disposed citizens of the city of London, and especially by Richard Whittington. This place of Smythfield was at that day a laystowe of all ordure to filth: Smith field a laystowe. and the place where felons and other transgressors of the kings laws were put to execution. Anno. 4. 1103 Robert Duke of Normandye coming into England by the entreaty of king Henry and his wife, released to him the tribute of three thousand marks. Anno. 5. But it was not long ere that by means of ill reports, 1104 great malice was kindled between the two brethren: And shortly thereupon deadly war sprang, In the end whereof, Robert was taken, and kept in perpetual prison in Cardiff, by his brother, who immediately seized the duchy of Normandy, and held it in his possession. Sir Robert le Fitzhan builded Teukesbury, Teukesbury abbey builded and there was buried. Anno. 6. Robert Earl of Shrewsburye, and William of Cornwall, 1105 Rebellion in Shropshire, & Cornwall rebelled against king Henry, and were taken and condemned to perpetual imprisonment. King Henry ordained straight laws against thieves, and other, that used unlawful taking of men's goods, in which was contained the loss of life, of eyes, of stones, and other membres of the parties transgressors, according as quality of the fact required. Anno. 7. 1106 In England appeared a blazing star between the south and the west: and against that in the east appeared a great beam (as it were) stretching toward the star, A blazing star. and shortly after were seen two moons, the one in the east, and tother in the west. Anno. 8. 1107 A certain bishop of Fluentyne about this time taught that antichrist was come, being moved with the wonderful strange sights, which were seen in those days. Anno. 9 1108 Henry the Emperor desired to wife Maude, the eldest daughter of king Henry of England, being then but .v. years of age, nor able to be married. Anno. 10. 1109 In the .10. year of his reign, the king married Robert his bastard son, to Mabel daughter and heir of Robert Fitzham, and made him the first earl of Gloucester, who after builded the strong castle of Brystow. The strong castle of Brystow builded. And the priory of saint james in the nor the side of the same city, where his body was buried. And his son earl William began the abbey of Euishame. Euisham abbey builded. Debate fell between the king of England, and jews of France, for the castle of Gysours, and homage which the said jews required to be done for the duchy of Normandy. Anno. 13. At Shrewsbury in England was a great earth quake, 1112 A great earth quake. and the river of Trent was so dried, that the space of one day men went over dry●hoed. And this year the king builded the abbey of Hyde without the walls of winchester, Hyde abbey builded. that of old time was within the walls. A blazing star appeared son after and thereupon followed a hard winter, A blazing star. death of men, scarcity of victuals, and morayne of beasts. Anno. 15. King Henry of England, 1114 subdued the Welshmen, which oftentimes rebelled, and made them swear to him fealty and allegiance, and to deliver pledges for the more certain confirmation and surety thereof. He also gave his daughter in marriage to the Emperor with great dower and made William his son Duke of Normandye, whereof began the usage & custom that the kings of England made their eldest sons dukes of Normandye. War was renewed between king Henry of England, & jews of France Anno. 18. 1117 jews invaded Normandye with much cruelty, & took the City of Lingnes in Cause. Wherefore king Henry assembling a strong army, met with Lewis in plain field, and fought with him a cruel and deadly battle: in the end whereof, jews was overcome, & constrained to flee the field. baldwin earl of Flanders was there slain, and Henry recovered the town of Lingnes Anno. 20. 1119 The kings children drowned in the sea William Duke of Normandy and Riicharde the sons of king Henry of England, and Mary his daughter. Richard earl of Chester, with his wife, the kings niece, and other to the number of .160. persons, passing from Normandy into England, by oversight of the ship master were drowned, saving one butcher, which escaped the danger. Anno. 24. 1123 In this year the abbey of Reading was begun to be builded by king Henry the first. he also builded Cisseter, Reading abbey, Cisseter. Windilsore, & Woodstock builded. Wyndilsore, and Woodstock, with the park. Anno. 27. The grey friars came now first into England, 1126 The grey friars first came into England and had their first house at Canturbery, (as saith Ro. Fabyan Maude the daughter of King Henry after the death of her husband the Emperor came into England to her father. Anno. 28. The order of saint john's Hospitals Templars, 1127 and other like began first at this tyme. Anno. 32. In this year began Fountains abbey. 1131 Geffrey Plantagenet earl of Angew married Maude the empress, Fountains abbey builded daughter of king Henry: of which ii descended Henry & second which reigned after Stephen. About this time was builded the priory of Norton in the province of Chester, The priory of Norton and the abbey of Combremore builded by one William, the son of Nichole. Also the abbey of Combremore in the same province was builded about the same tyme. Robert Curthois died in prison, and was buried at Gloucester. Anno. 33. Henry king of England because he had none issue mal●, 1132 ordained, that his daughter Maude, which had been Empress should succeed him in the kingdom. Anno. 36. 1135 Henry the first took his death by a ●all of his horse. King Henry of England being in Normandy, with a fall of his horse took his death, and was buried at Reading: when he had reigned .35. years four months, and one day. King Stephen. Anno regni. 1. 1135 STephen Earl of Boloyne, the son of the earl of Bloys and Adela, William Conquerors daughter, and nephew to king Henry the first took on him the governance of this realm of England the second day of December, in the year of our lord 1135. and left the same in the year of our lord .1154. the xxv day of October, so that he reigned. xviii. years ten months, and xxiiii days. This was a noble man and hardy, of passing comely favour and parsonage in all princely virtues: he excelled: as in martial policy gentleness, and liberality toward all men: and in especially in the beginning. For although he had continual war, yet did he never burden his commons with exactions. Only he seemed in this blame worthy, that contrary to his oath made to Maude, the daughter of Henry, he was thought unjustly to take on him the Crown. For which cause he was vexed with wars all the time of his reign. At this time was great trouble and slaughter in England: for so much as divers of the nobles maintained Maude the empress against Stephen, which was in possession of the crown. King Stephen made wars against David of scotland, because he refused to do him his homage, for Northumberlande, and Huntyngdon, which he held by his wife. In this war the (scottish history saith) the Earl of gloucester was taken. Hector Boice But at the length Stephen made peace, and agreed with David king of Scots, and received of him homage, after that he had won from him certain towns and castles, and gave to Henry the son of David, the earldom of Huntyngdon. Anno. 2. 1136 A vain rumour was spread in England of the death of King Stephen, which was cause of much trouble and business in the realm. For divers of the lords got them to their holds, which after might scantly with great labour be quieted and pacified. After which time Stephen passed over into normandy against Geffrey earl of Angew the husband of Maude the empress, which was right heir to the crowne● and when he had quieted that Province, he made Eustace his son Duke of Normandy, and joined friendship and league with Lewes' king of France. Anno. 4. 1138 David king of Scots (repenting him of the former agreement made with king Stephen, and purposing to recover the crown of England for Maude his niece, cousin and daughter of king Henry) in most cruelle wise invaded Northumberland, where by mean of Thruston bishop of York, the Scots had an overthrow and slain in great numbered, and David was constrained to give his son Henry in hostage for surety of peace. In the mean season king Stephen was occupied in civil war again Robert earl of Gloucester, & others, which favoured the parts of Maude: whom the king subdued, & part of them were forted to forsake the realm. Anno. 6. Maude the empress came into this land out of Normandy, 1140 by aid of Robert earl of Gloucester, and Ranulph of Chester, King Stephen taken prisoner. made strong war upon king Stephen. In the end whereof the kings party had the worse, and himself taken prisoner, and sent to Bristol, there to be kept in sure hold. But the Kentishe men and Londoners, favouring the king, warred upon the rebels, and in open field took Roberte rle of Gloceter● But shortly after, both the king & the duke were delivered out of prison by exchange. And Stephen without delay assembling a strong army, in such wise pursued his enemies, that he forced Maude with other of her friends to forsake the realm. This war continued a long time, to the great damage of the realm. About this time was founded the abbey of Stratford Langthorn within .4. Stratford abbey builded. miles of London, by a knight called sir William de mount Fichet. Anno. 10. 1144 About this time the jews crucified a child upon Easter day at Norwiche in derision of Christ and his religion. Anno. 11. 1144 Geffrey Plantagenet, the husband of Maude the Empress (who had long continued the wars against king Stephen of England) won from him the duchy of Normandy: and straight thereupon died: and his son Henry succeeded in the dukedom. Anno. 12. 1145 Stephen king of England after long war and much trouble, was again crowned king at Lincoln, but Robert earl of Gloucester made new war upon him: in which he had the upper hand of the king at Wilton, so that the king was like to have fallen into Robert's danger: and escaped with much pain. Anno. 15. 1148 A great frost. This year the river of Thamis was so strongly frozen, that horse and cart passed over upon the ye. Anno. 17. Henry duke of Normandy in the quarrel of his mother Maude with a great puissance arrived in England, 1150 and at the first won the castle of Malmesbury, than the tower of London, and afterward the town of Notyngham, with other holds and castles. between him and king Stephen were fought many battles, whereby this realm was sore troubled. Anno. 18. But at the last peace was agreed between Maude the empress, 1151 her son Henry, and king Stephen: upon this condition that Stephen during his life should hold the kingdom of England: and Henry, in the mean time to be proclaimed heir apparent in the chief cities throughout the realm. King Stephen builded the abbey of Coggeshall in Essex. The abbeys of Coggeshall of furnaces, and Feversham builded He founded an other at furnaces in lancashire, and the third at Feversham in Kente, where now his body resteth, and deceased the xxv. day of October: in the year of our Lord .1154. when he had reigned xviii years ten months and xxiiii days. King Henry the second. Anno regni .1. 1154 HEnry the second of that name the son of Geffrey Plantagenet, and Maude the empress daughter of king Henry the first, began his reign over this realm of England, the xxv day of October in the year of our Lord .1154. and deceased in the year of our Lord .1189. the vi day of july, so that he reigned xxxiiii. years ix months and xii days. He was somewhat red of face, short of body, and therewith fat. Of speech reasonable, well learned, noble in chivalry and fortunate in battle. Of courageous heart, wise in counsel, and one that loved well peace, liberal to strangers, but hard to his familiars, slow of answers, unsteadfast of promise, given somedeal to pleasure, and an open breaker of wedlock. By his great manhood & policy, the crown of England, was much augmented with the annexing of Scotland, Ireland, the Isles Orcades, Britain, Poytow, Guyan, & other provinces of France. Anno. 2. King Henry cast down divers castles which were erected in the time of Stephen: 1155 He went into the north parts, and got from the Scots Cumberlande and Northumberland, which they said were given to them by Maude his mother, and set an order in that country. Anno. 3. In England were seen ii sons in the firmament: 1156 Two sons seen in the firmament. and in the Moon appeared a red cross. King Henry went with a strong army into Wales, The castle of Rutland, and the abbey of Basyngwerk builded. and quieted that country, and after builded the strong castle of Rutland, and founded the abbey of Bassyngwerke. Anno. 4. About this time came into England certain germans, 1157 Thomas Couper. to the numbered of thirty. which taught the abrogation of the Sacraments of the altar, Baptism, and Wedlock. Anno. 6. Lewes' King of France gave his daughter Margaret in marriage to Henry the son of King. 1159 Henry of England. By reason whereof, was pacified the War and grudge, between England and France, for the lands of Poytowe, and others. Anno. 7. 1160 This year (as saith Fabyan) king Heury went into scotland, and made fresh war upon their king William: so that at last he took him, and made him yield the castle of Carlyle, the castle of Bamburgh, with divers other, and received of him fealty and homage. Anno. 8. 1161 Great fire at Canturbery. This year the city of Canterbury was fired by negligence, and a great part thereof brent. Anno. 10. 1163 Thomas Becket bishop of Canturbery. Thomas Becket bishop of Canturbery fled to Rome to complain upon the king to the bishop. Anno. 14. 1167 King Henry caused Henry his eldest son to be crowned king, as he thought to the great quietness as well of himself as of his realm: K. Henry's eldest son crowned, his rather being alive. but as it proved, to the utter disturbance of them both. Anno. 17. 1170 Thomas Becket by the mediation of Alexander bishop of Rome, and jews the French king, was restored to his bishopric: and not long after by certain gentlemen, he was slain at Canturbery. Anno. 18. King Henry sent ambassade to Alexander bishop of Rome to purge himself of the death of Thomas Becket. 1171 Among other things it was enjoined him in his penance, Thomas Gouper. that it should be lawful to his subjects as often as them listed to appeal to the sea of Rome, and that no man should be accounted as King until such time as he were confirmed by the roman bishop. Anno. 19 Thomas Becket was canonized by the bishop of Rome. 1172 Anno. 21. Henry the son of King Henry of England, 1174 The kings son the second time crowned. was crowned the second time with his wife Margarete, the french kings daughter. Anno. 22. King Henry the son by the setting on of the King of France, 1175 Henry the son of king Henry rebel● against his father. Alinour his mother, and certain other nobles, took arms, and raised deadly war against his natural father. divers strong battles were fought as well in England by the deputies and friends of both parties, as also in Normandy, Poytow, Guienne, & Britain: where they were corporally present: but the victory fell always to the father. There took party against king Henry the father, Lewis king of France, William king of scotland, Henry, Geffrey, and john his own sons: Robert earl of Leicester, Hugh of Chester, and other. But in the end the sons with their allies were constrained to yield to their father, and desire peace, which he gently granted and forgave their trespass. Anno. 24. 1177 In England fell great wethering and tempest of thunder and lightning in the mids of winter: and in Summer following fell hail of such greatness that it flew both man and beast. Anno. 2.6 1179 At this time were many jews in England, which against the feast of Easter did use to sacrifice young children in despite of christian religion. Anno. 28. 1181 Henry the eldest son of Henry of England ended his life. The Kings son deceased. Shortly after began the war between king Henry and Philip of France for homage that the French king required to be done for the lands of Poytow, and other, and for the castle of Gysours. Anno. 31. Heraclius Patriarch of Jerusalem, 1184 which had been in divers parts of Europe came to king Henry, desiring him of aid against the Turks, but was denied thereof, as ye made read in Fabian the .239. Chapter. Anno. 32. At Bury the jews crucified a child in despite of Christ's passion. 1185 Anno. 34. richard Earl of Poytowe made war against king Henry his father, 1187 and taking part with the French king won from him divers cities, towns, and castles, and namely the city of Cenomannta. For sorrow whereof shortly King Henrye ended his life the vi day of june, in the year of our Lord 4189. & lieth buried at Founteverard. King Richard the first, called Cueur de lion. Anno regni .1. 1289 RIcharde the first of that name, for his valiantness surnamed Cueurdelyon, being the second son of Henry the second, was crowned King of England. Thomas Couper. He began his reign the vi day of july, in the year of our Lord .1289. and he deceased, the year of our Lord .1199. the vi day of Apryll: so that he reigned ix years and ix months. He was big of stature, and had a merry countenance, in the which appeared as well a pleasant gentleness as a noble and princely majesty: to his soldiers he was favourable, bountiful to his friends, and to strangers a grievous enemy, and hard to be pleased. Desirous of war, abhorring idleness, inclined somewhat to pride, lechery, and avarice: but most of all he was to be blamed, because he seemed unnatural towards his father, as ye have partly heard of him, and his brethren, what wars they raised against him. In his time were many robbers and outlaws amongst the which (as john Maiore in his fourth book De gestis Scotornium, john Maiore writeth) Robert Hood and little John, renowned thieves, continued in woods, Many outlaws in England. despoiling and robbing the goods of the rich. They killed none but such as would invade them, or by resistance for their own defence. The said Robert entertained an hundred tall men, and good archers, with such spoils and thefts as he got. Upon whom four hundred, were they never so strong, durst not give thonset. The tales and gests of this Robert be commonly known by songs and ballads used within this realm: he suffered no woman to be oppressed, violated or otherwise molested. Poor men's goods he spared, abundantly relieving them with that which by theft he got from abbeys, and the houses of rich ●arles. Whom the said Mayor blameth for his rapine and theft: but of all thieves he affirmeth him to be the prince, and the most gentle thief. In the first year of this Kings reign, The first bailiffs in London. the citizens of London obtained two officers to guide their City: which were called Bailiffs, whose names shall follow here under. Anno regni. ●. Bailiffs. Henry Cornhyll 1189 Richard Reinery In this year the jews were very brag here in this realm, for that their number was so great. But the common people, especially about London, Many jews slain in England. fell upon them, and despoiled them without pity or mercy, they so hated them for their usury, and other evil conditions. The king though he were not little disposed with these offenders: yet could he do no execution on them for the fact, the numbered was so great, where by they all escaped without punishment. Also this year the king set at liberty Elinor his mother, Queen Elinor released out of prison. which long before at the commandment of his father hi● husband, had been kept close prisoner. But after her enlargement, the realm was much governed by her. Ranulph of Chester. As saith Ranulph king richard gave over the Castles of Berwyke and Rokesburghe to the scottish King, for the sum of ten M. li. for the charges of his voyage. He also sold to the bishop of Durham his own province, for a great piece of money, and created him earl of the same. Wherefore the king said after in game: I am a wondrous craftsman: I have made a new earl of an old bishop He gave his brother john many dignities, as the provinces of Nottingham, devonshire, and Cornwall, and created him Earl of Lancaster. This year the king was assoiled of the offence that he had committed in rebellion against his father in recompense, Guido. whereof (as saith Guido) he voluntarily took upon him, and promised to war upon Christ's enemies: But other authors affirm that his father had so willed him in his life: whereupon preparation was made toward the performance of this journey. Anno reg. 2. Bailiffs. john Herlyon Roger Duke In this year king Richard betook the guiding of this land to the bishop of Ely then being Chancellor of England, 1290 & sailed into Normandy: & when he had appointed good governors over that country, he went to meet the french King Philip the second, and having made sure league one with an other: went either of them the said year onward of their journey toward jerusalem In this mean time the jews in divers places of this Realm as at Lincoln, Stamforde, and Lynne, were rob and spoiled. The jews in England were robbd, & many of them slew themselves. And at York to the numbered of four hundred and more, had their master veins cut, and so bled to death. Anno Reg. 3. bailiffs. William Havershall 1191 john Bukmotte King Richard in his journey towards jerusalem, subdued the Earl of Cypress, King Richard went to jerusalem, & in his absence his brother rebelled in England. & then joining his puissance with the French Kings in Asia, conquered Acon, where there grew between king Richard and Philip the french King a grievous displeasure. For which cause Philip shortly departed thence. And coming into France invaded the country of Normandy. And john the brother of king Richard took on him the kingdom of England in his brother's absence. King Richard of England restored to the Christians the city of joppa, and in many battles put the turk to great sorrow. Anno Reg. 4. Bailiffs Nycolas Duke Peter Newlay William bishop of Elye, 1192 to whom king Richard had committed the governance of England, Thomas Couper. did many cruel deeds, and oppressed the clergy, and also the laity. He would commonly ride with a thousand horses, and grieved abbeys by mean of his guests and his lodging with them. King Richard erchaunged Cypress, with guy of Lesyngham for the kingdom of jerusalem. Wherefore the king of England a long time after was called king of jerusalem. Anno Reg. 5. Bailiffs. Roger Duke Richard Fitz Alyn King Richard having knowledge that Philip of France invaded Normandy, 1193 and that john his brother had made himself King of England, made peace with the Turks for iii years, and with a small company returning homeward by Thrace, King Richard taken prisoner. was taken prisoner by the duke of Ostriches men, and brought to Henry the Emperor, and there kept in straight prison, a year and .v. months. Where it is said that he slew a Lion, and took out his heart. Anno Reg. 6. Bailiffs. William Fitz Isabella 1194 William Fitz arnold William Longshampe bishop of Ely continuing his cruelty in England was lastly by strength of the lords banished the land. Then he came to the king being prisoner, alleging for himself the best that he could: but when he saw he might not beguile the king with his sugared words: he returned into France there to tarry the kings coming. This year john the king's brother by the setting on of the Frence king, when he herd of the imprisonment of his brother, made great war within the land, & took by strength the castles of Windsor, of Notyngham, and others. And the French king made strong war in Normandy. Anno Reg. 7. Bailiffs. Robert Beysani 1195 joke le joshua Hubert bishop of Salisbury was by king Richard sent into England to have the guiding thereof, and also to treat with the lords & commons for the king's deliverance how he might be set at liberty. The said Hubert was by the monks of Christ's church in Cantorbury chosen archbishop of canterbury. Anno Reg. 8. bailiffs. Gerrad de Anteloche 1196 Robert Durant This year (as saith Fabyan) king Richard was delivered out of prison for the sum of one. C.M. pounds of sterling money: Great ransom paid for the king. for payment of which ransom all the will of white monks & canons was sold, and rings and crosses of prelate's, with vessels and chalices of all churches through the land, and xvii shrines were scraped and spoiled of the gold and silver. etc. King Richard being thus delivered, shortly after landed at Sandwiche, & so came to London: where when he had arrested him: with a certain number of knights, he road to Nottingham, & won the castle: & after that the castle of Tikhil by force● and so called a counsel of his lords at Winchester: where he reposed his brother john then being in France, & crowned himself soon after again king of England in the city of Winchester, King Richard again crowned at Wynchester. & then he called a parliament, where he called again into his hands all such things as he had either given or sold by patents, or otherwise: by which means he gathered a sum of money, and sailed into France, where shortly a peace was concluded between the two Kings for one year. Then john which had taken part with the French King against his brother, made means to Elinor his mother, by whose mediation he was reconciled, and became a true Knight to his brother. A preacher called william with the long beard. In this time there was one William with the long beard, who moved the common people to seek liberty and freedom, & not to be subject to the rich and mighty. By which means he drew to him many great companies, and with all his power defended the poor men's cause against the rich. The King being warned of this tumult, commanded him to cease from those attempts. But the people still followed him as they before had done: and he made to them certain orations openly, taking for his Theme this sentence, Haurietis aquas in gaudeo de fontibus salvatoris, Which is to say: Ye shall draw in joy, waters forth of the wells of your Saviour. And to this he added: I am (said he) the saviour of poor men: ye be poor, and have assayed long the hard hands of rich men. Now draw ye therefore wholesome water forth of my wells, & that with joy. For the time of your visitation is to men. This William was commanded to appear before the kings counsel to answer for himself in such cases as should be laid against him: where he appeared, but with such a multitude of people, that the lords were afraid of him, and remitted him with pleasant words for that time: appointing some privily when he was alone, and then to apprehend him. By whom he was after taken in Bow church in Cheap, but not without shedding of blood: for for he was forced to forsake the church, William with the long beard forced by fire to fly out of Bowchurche in cheap. which they fired about him. And when he was taken, he was arraigned before the judges, and with ix of his adherentes had sentence of death, and he with those ix. were hanged the morrow after. who of the simple people was after honoured as a martyr: in so much that they reserved relics of him, (as it is declared at large by Robert Fabyan. Anno. Reg. 9 Bailiffs. 1197 Roger Blunt Nycolas Ducket This year the war was renewed between king Richard of England, and Philip of France, in which either of them sped diversly. Anno Reg. 10 Bailiffs Constantin Fitz Arnold 1198 Robert le Beau King Richard of England besieged the castle of Galiarde, King Richard wounded to death with a venomous arrow and was wounded with a quarrel that was shot from the wall, and thereof died the vi day of Apryll, in the year of our Lord .1199. when he had reigned ix years, and ix months. His body was buried at Founteverard, his bowels at Carlyle: his heart at Rouen. King john. 1199 Anno regni .1. IOhn, brother to Richard aforenamed, began his reign over this realm of England the vi day of Apryl, in the year of our Lord .1199 and deceased in the year .1216. the xix day of October. He reigned xvii. years vi months, and xiii days. Of person he was indifferent. But of melancholy and angry complexion. He contemned the bishop of Rome's authority, which if he had done constantly with judgement to refrain abuses, as he seemed to do for covetousness, and of a froward mind, undoubtedly he had been worthy commendation. By his cowardness and slothful negligence, the crown of England greatly decayed. Anno Reg. 1. Bailiffs. Arnold fitz Arnold Richard Fitz bartilmewe 1199 Philip king of France (in the quarrel of Arthur duke of britain, whom certain of the Lords had named king of England) made war upon king john, invaded Normandye, and took from him divers castles and towns. King john hearing of this war in Normandye, The king took iii s. of every plough land. assembled a counsel, wherein was granted to him iii s. of every plough land through England beside the subsidy of the spiritual lands: and when he had made ready for his dosage, he sailed into Normandy, where he spent the time to his loss and dishonour. But about Mighelmas a truce was concluded between the two kings of England and of France. King john dueorsed. This year was a divorce between king john & his wife, the Earl of glocester's daughter, because of nearness of blood: and after he was married to Isabel, the daughter of the Earl of Engolesym in France: by whom he had ii sons, Henry, and Richard, and iii daughters, Isabella, Elinor, and jane. An. R. 2. bailiffs. 1200 Roger Dorset james bartilmew alderman Ranulph of ●●ester. In this secoud year (as saith Fabian) Raynulph earl of Chester, by th'example afore showed by king john, left his own wise named Constance, which he before had married, by counsel of Henrys the second, and wedded one Clemens. One Chronicle saith he did so to have issue: but he therewith displeased God so much, that he would suffer him to have none issue, but died without. This year (as is reported in Polychronicon) the king of Scots did homage to king john at Lincoln. An. Reg. 3. Bailiffs. Waiser Fitz Alice Simon de aldermambury 1201 This year in Yorkshire were seen v. Moons, Five Moans seen in the firmament. one in the east, an other in the west, the third in the north, the fourth in the south, and the fifth in the mids of the other: and went compassing the other vi times, as it were the space of an hour, and vanished away soon after. Philip of France invaded Normandy, and took divers castles and towns which he gave to Arthur duke of Britain. But shortly after the same Arthure with many other noble men were taken prisoners by kyuge john, and led prisoners into Englaude. In this year were chosen xxv of the most substantial and wisest men of the City of London, Robert Fabian xxv. Governors of the City chosen. to maintain and keep the Assizes of the same City, of the which yearly the Bailiffs were chosen: and after the Mayre and Sheriffs were taken of the same numbered. Anno Reg. 4. Bailiffs. Normand blundel john de Ely 1202 This year fell exceeding lightning, thunders, Great tempest in England. and other storms of wind and rain with hail of the bigness of henne● eggs, which perished fruit & corn, houses, and young cattle. Also spirits were seen in the air, in likeness of fowls be ring fire in their bills, which set fire on divers houses, as R. Fabian reporteth. Philip of France continually made war upon the duchy of Normandye, till at the last be subdued the same to his dominion, with the provinces of Guienne, Poitiers, & britain, which before pertained to the crown of England. King john sailing into Normandy warred on the borders of France, but of his victories is little written. Anno. 5. Bailiffs. Walter Browne 1203 William Chamberlain This year by means of evil weather, in the year passed, Great dearth of wheat in England. wheat was sold for xu s. a quarter, which was thought an extreme price. King john married his bastard daughter to Lewlyn prince of Wales, and gave with her the castle and lordship of Elyngsmore, being in the marches of South-Wales. In this year the bishop of Rome w●ate to king john friendly and gently requiring him to admit Stephen Langton into the bishopric of Canterbury (who before was chosen by the monks) & the monks by him expelled from their own abbey, to restore them again to the same: but the more his lords advised him so to do, the more was he bend to the contrary. In so much that the bishop of Rome's messengers returned without obtaining of their request. Anno Reg. 6. bailiffs. Thomas Haveril Hamond Bronde 1204 The bishop of Rome denounced king john with his whole realm accursed because he would not admit Stephen Langton to the bishopric of Canterbury. England interdicted. but he little regarded his threatenings, and would not obey him. At this time in Suffolk a fish was taken like to a man, & was kept living vi months upon the land with raw flesh and fish, A monstrous fish taken. and after when they saw they could have no speech thereof, they cast it again into the sea. Anno Reg. 7. bailiffs. john Walgrave Richard de Winchestar 1205 King Philip of France subdued the country of Normandy, Normandye lost. which since the time of Charles the simple (that is to say) the the space of .300. years) was not in the possession of the kings of France. Anno Re. 8. Bailiffs. 1205 john Holylande edmond's Fitz Gerrard About this time the Iryshemen and shortly after the Welshemen rebelled, Wales and Ireland rebelled. for that (as some authors affirm) he levied on them such grievous tasks to war against France: so that the king was fain to raise a great tax throughout this realm of England to withstand their force. He required of the white monks .6000. mark: but they refused the payment of so great a sum, so that the King took great displeasure against them: by reason whereof after his return out of Ireland, he vexed them sore, and exacted of them more than before he had desired: whereby he caused some abbots to forsake their houses. Anno Reg. 9 bailiffs. 1207 Roger Wynchester Edmond Hardell King john sailed into Normandye: where after certain skirmishes, he made peace with Philip of France for ii years. The ii bailiffs above named, were discharged: and in their place & room two. other chosen for the rest of that year. Also this year was granted to the Citizens of London by the Kings letters patents, The first Mayre of London. that they should yearly choose to themselves, a Mayre and ii sheriffs, on S. Mathewes or michaelmas day, whose names were as followeth. Anno Reg. 10. Henry fitz Alwyne More Peter Duke S. 1208 Thom. Nelc S. This year London bridge was begun to be builded of stone, London bridge bnylded of stone. where as before it had been builded of Timber and repaired by a college of Priests, which then stood, where the priory of S. Mary auderis now standeth. And for want of other records, I will declare the opinion of master Fowle, who was the prior of the abovesaid S. Mary auderis, S. Marry Ouerys in Southwark builded. concerning the original both of that bridge, and also of Saint Mary auderis church. first that being no bridge but a ferry to carry and recarye: whereby the Feryar got great wealth: lastly the Ferryman and his wife deccasing, left the same to their daughter, a maiden named Mary Audery: who with the goods left to her by her parents, and also the profits which came by the said Ferry, builded an house of sisters, which is the uppermost end of S. Mary Auderis church, above the choir, where she lieth buried, unto the which house she gave the oversight & profit of the same ferry: but afterward the same house of sisters was converted unto a college of priests: who builded the bridge of timber, and from time to time kept the same in reparations: but considering the great charges in repairing the same, now lastly in the year of our Lord .1209. by the great aid of the citizens of London & other, they begun to build the same of stone: and then the abovesaid college of priests was converted unto a priory of canons, bearing still the name of the maiden, which kept the ferry: and so called S. Marry Auderie. Anno Reg. 11. 1209 Henry fitz Alwyne M. Peterle joshua S William Blound S The Englishmen which were sent by king john to aid the earl of Flanders (as saith Thomas Couper) chased the frenchmen: and in the haven of Sluice compassed and took their whole navy of ships, which was in number .1020. sail. Anno. Reg. 12. Henry fitz Alwine M Adam Whetley S. Stephen le graze S. 1210 This year Pandolph a legate came from the bishop of Rome, A legate from Rome. monishing the king in sharp manner, that he should restore master Stephen Langton to his see of Canterbury & the monks unto their abbey. the king calling to mind the dangers, he was wrapped in, both in his own realm, & also in Normandy, made promise by oath, to be obedient to the court of Rome, The king sworn to be obedient to Rom●● as at large appeareth in Ro. Fabians chronicle. At that time were granted the Peter pence. Anno Reg. 13. Henry fitz Alwyn M. john fitz Pet S john Garland S 1211 This year Stephen Langton archbishop of Canterbury with the other exiles landed in England: the king receiving them joyously: & was there assoiled of the said bishop: & after that, the king making restitution to the bishop & other, according to the third article of his oath, the land was released of the interdiction: The land released of the interdiction. the king being bound that as well he as his heirs should ever after be feuderies to the see of Rome, paying yearly tribute a thousand marks, and to hold the Title of the Crowns by the bishop of Rome. Anno. 14. 1212 Henry fitz Alwayne Mair Randolph Eiland S Constantin joshua S This year fell great discentiion between the king and his lords, Great dissension between the king and his lords. partly for that he would not maintain the laws of King Edward, partly for the displeasure he bore unto them: for that they aided him not against the bishop of Rome, and other causes not here spoken of. Hereupon the king fell at such dissension with his lords, that a great numbered of people were raised on both parties: The Earl of Chester with the other lords took the City of London, and held them there a certain tyme. Caxton his chronicle, with other say, that a great part of this variance between king john and his barons, was for because the King would have exiled the Earl of Chester, who oftentimes had advised the King to leave his cruelness, & his accustomed aduo●try, which he exercised with his brother's wife and others. But by means of the archbishop of Canturbery, and other prelate's a peace was taken for a while. This year (as saith Fabian) on the xi day of july, Great fire in Southwark and London. a great part of Southwark was brent: and in the month of August next following, was much harm done in London by fire. The king and his lords met with great strength on either party upon Baramdowne: The King made a charter to his barons on Baramdowne. where a charter or writing was made and sealed by the king: so that the Barony was with it contented, and departed in peace every man into his country. Anno. 15. Roger fitz Alwyne M Martin fitz alis S. 1213 Peter Bate S. The peace which in the last year was agreed between king john & his barons was this year by the king violated and broken. Wherefore the lords assembled to them great powers, and made sharp and cruel war upon the king: in so much that he was constrained to send into Normandy for aid. The king forced to take the aid of strangers to defend him against his barons. Then came into England, a Normane knight, named Foukis de Brent, which brought with him a company of Normans, Fleming and Picardes, He and his company were so cruel, that they destroyed as well religious houses as other, and did much harm to the land putting the lords to the worse, the king made Foukes & other of his company, wardens of castles and strong holds in England. The lords saying the king persever in his wrong, & that he would in no wise be induced to hold his own grants, but to do all things after pleasure, and nothing after law or justice, cast in their minds how they might bring the realm in a better rule and by one consent wrote to philip king of France, that he would send some noble man into England, and they would yield the land unto him. Piers of Ponfret & his son executed at Warham. This year king john caused to be drawn and hanged at Warham, one Peers of Pomfrette, and his son, for speaking of divers things against the king. Anno Reg. 16. 1214 Roger fitz Alwayne M. Solomon basin S Hugh Basing S King john besieged the castle of Rochester, and won the same King john laying siege to the castle of Rochester, won the same, & took therein certain gentlemen that had conspired against him, & sent them to divers prisons, placing strangers in the same castle. The barons held them together at London abiding the coming of jews son to the French king which landed in England with a great army, & so came to Rochester, & won it with small pain: he caused all the strangers therein to be hanged: and after came to London, where certain alliances and covenants were established and concluded between the lords and him, and received of them homage, as is mentioned in Polycronicon. Then he with the lords departed from London, Reynold of Chester. and got the castle of Rigate, of Gilford, and of Fernham, and from thence to Winchester, where the City was yielded, with all other holds in those parts: and then he with the lords came again to London. At whose coming, the Tower of London was delivered to them: they slew all strangers that had been placed by the king in any place. Roger Fitz Alwine for that he was accused to the Lords to be favourable to the kings party was discharged of that office, The Mayre of London discharged, and an other served the rest of the year. and one called Serle mercer was Mayre in his place, the rest of the year which was viii. weeks. King john being thus overset with his lords sent messengers to the bishop of Rome, showing to him the rebellion of his lords, and how they laboured his destruction. Wherefore the bishop of Rome with all haste sent a Legate into England, A Legate from Rome. called Swalo: The which after his coming, commuanded jews to return into France, and laboured to the uttermost of his power, to appease the King and his barony: but all his labour was in vain. Anno reg. 17. 1215 William Hardel M. john Cravers S. Andrew Newland S. This year king john (the war between him and his lords continuing) died of the flux (as is recorded in Policronicon) at the town of Newarke, Reynold of Chester. he was bowelled in the abbey of Croghton, The death of King john. and buried at Worceter in the quire of monks. To tell the opinions of many auctors, concerning his death, it would in this place occupy to much tyme. To be brief, William Caxton. Caxton affirmeth he was prisoned by a monk of Swinsted abbey in Lincolnshire, for saying, If he might live half a year, he would make a halfpenny loaf worth twenty s. others are of other opinions: some, that he died for sorrow & heaviness of heart, as Polidorus: Polidorus Virgile. some of surfeiting in the night, as Radulphus niger: Radulphus niger. some of a bloody flux, as Hoveden: Hoveden Matthew Paris. some of a burning ague: some of a cold sweat: some of eating apples, pears, or plums, matthew Parisiensis writeth, that as he went from Lyn to Lincolnshire, and there hearing of the loss of his carriage and treasures, upon the washes, fell in great heaviness of mind: and so thereby into a fervent fever, being at the abbey of Swynsted, which ague he increased through surfeiting and naughty diet by eating of peaches & drinking new cider. And when he was thus sick, was carried thence to the castle of Laford, & from thence to the castle of Newark: and there departed this life, & was buried (as afore is said) at Worcestor. It is written by Fabian, and divers other, that he founded the abbey of Bewley in the new forest, The abbey of Bewley builded. in recompense of the parish churches, which he there overturned, to enlarge the forest, and an abbey of black monks in the city of Winchester, The abbey of black monks in Winchester. he deceased in the year of our Lord .1216. the xix of October, when he had reigned .17. years .6. months and .13. days. Henry the third. Anno regni. 1. 1216 HEnry the son of john of the age of ix years (by the counsel of William duke of Gloucester, & the earls of Pembroke & Chester) was proclaimed king of England, who began his reign the .19. day October, in the year of our Lord .1216. and deceased in the year .1272. the vi day of November. So he reigned .56. years. and .28. days. The noble men before mentioned with their retinue kept sharp war with Lewis the french kings son, who by the covenants made before with the englishmen claimed the crown. But after certain skirmishes & battles, Lewis began to desire peace, which lastly was concluded, King Henry crowned at Gloucester. and Henry was crowned at Gloucester. Anno. 1. jacob alderman M. Benet Coventrie S. 1216 willian Bluntivers S. jacob Alderman was mayor one part of the year, and Solomon, Basing the other part of the same year. But the ii sheriffs above named stood the whole year. Small the bishop of Rome's legate accursed Lewis the french kings son: & after, all such as took part with him against Henry. He accursed Lewlyn prince of Wales, and interdicted his land. At the last, Lewis took a● M. marks (or as some authors affirm xu M. marks) of money, & departed this realm. Anno. 2. Serle merser M. Tho. bokerel She. Ralph Holyland She. 1217 When the land was delivered from strangers, inquisitions were made to know what persons assisted Lewis against the king: of which the king pardoned many of the lay men: but the spiritual men were put to such fines, that they were compelled to lay all that they had to pledge to please the King: And also besides that to sue to Rome to be assoiled: This year Raynolffe earl of Chester took his journey to the holy land. Anno. 3. 1218 Serle Merser M. john Wail S. josenus Spicer S. A parliament was holden at London, two. s. of every plough land granted to the king. by virtue whereof was granted to the king ii s. of every plough land through England. The new work of westminster abbey begun. This year as is mentioned in Policronicon, & Thomas Couper) king Henry began to build the new work of the church of Westminster. Anno. 4. Serle merser M. Rich. wimbeldeye S john Wail S 1219 Alexander king of Scots married the lady jane sister of king Henry. Spirits and fiery dragons. This year was great harm done in England by violence of whirlwinds, and fiery dragons & spirits were seen flying in the air, as affirmeth Robert Fabyan. All strangers banished this land, but such as came with merchandise. This year was a proclamation made that all strangers should avoid the realm, except such as came with merchandise, & to make sale of them under the king's saus conduct, which was done to avoid Foukes de Brent, and his complices, who kept the castle of Bedford against the King. This year was king Henry secondly crowned at Westminster. King Henry crowned the second time at Westminster The castles of Chartley, Beston, & the abbey of Delacresse builded. This year Rainolph earl of Chester came out of the holy land into England, & began to build the castles of Charteley and of Beston, and after he builded the abbey of Delacresse. Anno. 5. Serle merser M. Richard Renger S. josence le Ios●e. S. This year was a counsel holden at Oxenford of the bishops of England, 1220 wherein one was condemned, One feigning himself to be Christ, was crucified. which taught that he was jesus Christ, and to confirm the same, he showed the tokens of wounds in his hands body and feet: he was therefore crucified on a Cross at Alburbury, till he died. This year (as some writ) the grey Friars came first into England, and had their first house at Canturbery. Anno. 6. Serle merser M. Richard Renger S. 1221 josens joshua S. A conspiracy was made against king's Henry by one Constantine in the city of London: Execution. for the which he was drawn hanged, and quartered, the morrow after our Lady day Assumption. Which conspiracy so moved the king, that he was in mind to have cast down the walls of the City. Anno. 7. 1222 Serle merser M. Richard Renger S. Thomas Lambert S. This year john king of jerusalem came into England, and required aid of king Henry to win again jerusalem: but he returned again with small comfort. salisbury builded. This year the king began the foundation of Salisbury minster. Anno. 8. 1223 Richard Renger M William joiner S. Thomas Lambert S. The first grant of wards to the king This year the Lords and gentllmen of England first granted to king Henry and his heirs, the ward and marriage of their heirs, which was then by learned men, called the beginning of evils Anno. 9 ●●24 Richard Renger M. john Travers S Andrew Bukerel S Richard the brother of king Henry overcame the frenchmen, recovered poitiers, and kept the gascoins in due obedience. Anno. 10. Richard Renger M. Roger Duke S. Martin fitzwillian S. 1225 This year the pleas of the crown were pleaded in the tower of London. Lewis king of France won certain castles in the country of poitiers: and shortly after spoiled the city of Anjou. Anno. 11. Richard Renger M. Stephen Bokerel S. Henry Cobham S. 1226 In this year was granted by king Henry to the Sheriffs of the City of London, Sheriffwike of London & Midlesex. the sheriffewike of London & Midlesex for the sum of. CCC. pound by the year. It was also granted to the city free warren that is to say, Free wareyn free liberty to hunt a certain circuit about the city. It was also granted that the citizens of London should pass toll free through out all England: Toll free. and also granted by the king, that all weirs in the Thamis should be plucked up, and destroyed for ever. Anno. 12. 1227 Roger Duke M. Stephen Buckerel S. Henry Cobham S. The cities liberties ratified. The liberties of the City were this year confirmed, and to each of the sheriffs was granted to have ii clerks and two officers, without any more. Anno. 13. Roger Duke M. walter winchester S. Robert Fitz john S. 1229 Thomas Couper King Henry sailed with an army in to Britain against jews king of France: where after spoiling the country, a peace was concluded between the ii young princes. Anno. 14. 1229 Roger Duke M. Rich. Fitz William S. john Wodborne S. This year was ordained by the Maior and rulers of the City of London, that no sheriff of that city should continue longer in office then one year, No sheriff in London past one year because that they should not by long continuance of office become covetous bribers Anno. 15. 1230 Roger Duke M. Michael of S. Cleve S Walter Guffilde S Great fire in London. This year was much harm done in Lonndon by fire, which began in the house of a widow named dame jane Lambert. Anno. 16. Andrew Bokerel M Henry Edmonton S. 1231 Gerrard Bate S. variance grew between king Henry and his lords, War in England between the king and his lords. because he put from his service Englishmen, and trusted strangers as well in his counsel as other offices near about him. Anno. 17. Andrew Bokerel M. Simon Fitzmare S Roger Blunt S 1232 In this year the king began the foundation of the hospital of saint john, without the east gate of Oxenford: Saint john's without Oxenford begun. In which year also fell wonderful sore weather, with such thunder and lightning, that the like had not been seen. Great tempests. And there followed an earthquake to the great fear of the inhabitants of Huntyngdon, and near thereabout. Anno. 18. Andrew Bokerel M. Ralph Ashewy S. john Norman S. 1233 This year the king put from him the strangers, and restored the English men to their offices. The jews dwelling in Norwyche were accused for stealing of a child whom they purposed to have crucified. Fredrick the Emperor married Isabel sister of the king of England. Anno. 19 1234 Andrew Bokerel M. Gerrard bat S. Robert Ardell S. King Henry married Elinor the daughter of the Earl of Provence. There appeared as it were hosts of men fighting in the element. The statute of Merton establysht. The statute of Merton was first enacted at the parliament of Merton. Anno. 20. 1235 Andrew bokerel M. Henry Cobham S. Iorden Coventry S. Queen Elynor founded the hospital of saint Katherine's besides the Tower of London for the relief of poor women. S Katherine's by the tower builded. Anno. 21. 1236 Andrew Bokerel M john Thesalan S. Gerard cordinaner S. Octobonea, a legate of the ninth Gregory, came into England, and ordained good ordinances for the Church. But not all to the pleasure of the young clergy of England. Wherefore as he one day passed thorough Oxenford, the scholars sought occasion against his servants, and fought with them, and slew one of the same, and put the legate in such fear, that he for his safeguard took the belfray of Osney, and there held him till the Kings officers coming from Abyndon, delivered him, and conveyed him to Wallyngford: where he accursed the misdoers, and compelled the regents and masters of the university to go barefoot through Cheap to Paul's at London, & there to ask him forgiveness, and so were forgiven. Sir Simon Mountforde married the Kings sister, named Elinor, counties of Penbroke. Anno. 22. Richard Renger M. john Withal S. john Goundresse S. 1237 A clerk of Oxenford, or more verily a soldier) feigning himself mad, King Henry the third like to have been slain by treason. enterprised to have slain King Henry in his chamber at Wodstocke: but he was taken and put to death at Coventrie. This year was borne Edward the kings son called Longshanks. Anno. 23. William joiner M. Reymond Bingley S. Ralph Ashewy S. 1238 This year Simon Fitz Marie, who before had been Sheriff of the city of London, procured the kings letters to the mayor and rulers of the City to elect him again to that same office. Which the Mayor and rulers of the city refused to do, considering it to be a derogation to the liberty of the same City. This year on Candelmas day the king created sir Simon de Mountford Earl of Leycester. Anno. 24. 1239 Gerrard bat Mair. john Gysors S. Michael Tony S. The king subdued the Welshemen which oftentimes rebelled. Anno. 25. 1240 Reymond Byngey M. john Uoile S Tho. Duresyne S The first Aldermen in London. This year were aldermen first chosen in London, which then had the rule of the wards of the city, but were every year changed, as the sheriffs are now. Anno. 26. 1241 Reymond Bongley M. john fitz john S. Ralph Ashewy. S. King Henry sailed into Normandy with a fair company, purposing to recover Poitiers, Guyan, and other countries. but after many bickerings, somewhat to the loss of englishmen, Henry treated a peace. Anno. 27. Ralph Ashewy M. Hugh Blunt S. Adam basing S. 1242 This year the pleas of the crown, were pleaded in the Tower of London. And in this year Griffith which was son of Lewlyn, Griffith of Wales broke his neck in the tower of London. lately prince of Wales, intending to have broken prison, fell over the inner ward of the Tower of London, and broke his neck. Anno. 28 Michael Tony M. Ralph Spicer S. Nicolas bat S. 1243 A jew digging in the ground to enlarge his vinyeard found under a stone a book, Thomas Couper. wherein was written in three languages, greek, Hebrew, and latin, of iii worlds that should be: of the which he appointed Christ to the beginning of the third world, which was expressed in this manner: In the beginning of the third world God's son shall be borne of a maid. By the occasion of this book the jew was turned to the faith of Christ. Anno. 29. 1244 john Gysors M. Robert Cornhill S. Adam Bewley S. A mayor of London and a sheriff were both deposed from their rooms, because they were both proved perjured: and other were chosen in their places: as testifieth Geffrey of Monmouth. Geffrey of Monmouth. Robert Grosthed bishop of Lincoln with other prelate's, complained to the King, of the waist of the goods and patrimony of the church, which daily was wasted by alliant bishops, and clerks of this land, who shortly were avoided Anno. 30. 1245 john Gysors M. Symonfitz mary S. Laurence Frowike S. This year was much strife for the election of the emperor: some elected one, some elected an other: Amongst the rest, some chose the Kings brother Richard King of Almaigne, and earl of Cornwall: But at the last Radulphus Duke of Habspurge in Almaigne was by one assent admitted thereunto. This Richard the Kings brother builded the abbey of Hails. The abbey of Hails builded. Anno. 31. Piers aleyn M. john Uoile S. Nicolas bat S. 1246 In this year was a mighty earthquake in England, An earthquake. that the like to it, was not seen many years before. This year the King seized the franchise of the City of London for a judgement that was given by the Mayor and aldermen against a widow named Margaret Uiell: The king seized the franchise of the city of London. but shortly the Mayor and sheriffs were again restored to their offices: and this year was a new coin, Coin changed. and the old called in. Anno. 32. Michael Tony M. Nicolas joy S. Geffrey winton S. 1247 This year the wharf of Quenebyve in London was taken to ●erme by the commonalty of London, to pay yearly fifty pound for the same. Anno. 33. 1248 Roger fitz Roger M. Ralph Hardel S john tosalan S Robert Fabian. This year died Robert Grossehed a famous clerk and bishop of Lyncoln, who compiled many famous Books, which remain to this day in the latin and the french tongue: the names whereof are partly declared by master Bale in his story of english writers. john Bale. Anno. 34. 1249 john Norman M. Humphrey Basse S William fitz Rich. S The great wind This year was a great wind upon the day of Simon and Jude, which did much harm in many places of England. 1250 Anno. 35. Adam Basing M. Laurence frowike S. Nicolas bat S. The friar Augustins began to build or inhabit in Wales, at Woodhous. King Henry married his daughter Mary to Alexander king of Scots, & received of him homage for the realm of scotland. Anno. 36. 1252 john Toleson M. William Durham S. Tho. Wimborn S. This year was granted by the king, 1251 that where before this time the citizens of London, The More of London sworn in the schequer. did present their mayor before the king where so ever he were, and so to be admitted, now he should come only before the Barons of the exchequer, and they should admit him, and give him his oath. Anno. 37. Nicolas Batte M. john Northamton S. 1252 Richard Picard S. This year in the month of january though sea rose in such height that it drowned many villages and houses near unto it in divers places of England. The sea arose and drowned many villages in England. This year also Thames sprang so high that it drowned many houses about the waters side, by mean whereof much merchandise was perished and lost. And this year was granted of the king that no citizen of London should pay savage or toll for any beasts by them brought as they before time has used. Anno. 38. Ri. Ha●dell Dra. M. Ro. Belingtoni S. 1253 Ralph Ashwey S. This year also the liberties of London were again seized by the mean of Richard The liberties of London seized. earl of cornwall, because the Mayre was charged that he looked not to the bakers for their syses of bread: so that the city was forced to please the Earl with .600. marks, and so they were restored again. Alphonce king of Castle gave Elinor his daughter in marriage to prince Edward the son of king Henry, to whom his father gave the pryncedome of Wales, The kings eldest son Prince of Wales. and governance of Guyan & Ireland, whereof began that the kings of England ordained their eldest sons princes of Wales. Anno. 39 1254 Rich. Hardel draper M. St. Distergate S Hen. walmode S The liberties of London seized by the king. The king again seized the liberties of the city for certain money which the queen claimed for her right of the citizens, so that they gave unto his grace .400. mark, & then were restored to their liberties again. The .22. day of November, were brought to Westminster .102. jews' Lyncoln, which were accused of the crucifying of a child at Lyncoln, they were sent to the tower of London: Execution of the jews. of these .8. were hanged, and the other remained long in prison. Anno. 40. Rich. Hardel Draper M. Mat. bokerel S. 1255 john Mynour S. This year a peace was made between the citizens of London and the abbot of Waltham, who had been long in controversy for toll, that he demanded of the citizens that came to Waltham fair: but at the last the citizens were set free and bond to no toll. Anno. 41. Rich. Hardel Draper M. Rich. Ewyll S. 1256 willian Ashwy S. Great variance was between the king and the Londoners, in so much that the Mayor and divers Aldermen & sheriffs, The Mayor of London divers Aldermen and the Sheriffs deprived were deprived of their offices, and the governance of the city committed to certain persons of the kings appointing: all the controversy and handling of this matter is at large entreated of by Fabian. This year the king for so much as he had oftentimes promised the restitution of certain ancient laws, but never performed the same, the lords murmuring against him, to appease their malice, he held a parliament at Oxenford, The mad parliament held at Oxenford. which was after called the mad parliament because many things wear there enacted, which proved after to the confusion of the Realm, & death of many noble men. In confirmation of these acts were chosen xii piers called douze piers which had authority to correct the brekers of their ordinances. Twelve piers chosen in England. These piers altered and changed many things according to their own pleasure, greatly to the discontenting of thy kings mind, and disquieting of the whole Realm, as in Fabian and other histories doth at large appear. Anno. 42. 1257 Rich. Hardel Draper M. Th. fitz Rich. S. Ro. Cathelion, S. Bakers punished on the tumbril. This year Hugh Bygot justice, and Roger Turkeley, kept their courts in the guildhall of London, and punished the Bakers upon the tombrell, where in times passed they were punished on the pillory, and they did many other things against the laws of the city, but the city had so be punished of late, that they durst say nothing thereto. Richard the kings brother returned out of Almaigne into England. Anno. 43. 1258. john guysor's Peperar M. john Adrian S. Ro. Cornhill S. King Henry fearing some rebellion of his nobles, Thomas copper. went into France, and there concluded a peace on this condition, that Normandy, Angeow, and Cenomanna, should ever after be in the possession of the frenchmen, and the king of England to have Given: and that Lewis should give king Henry for his expenses in war .150000. crowns & for yearly tribute, a .100000. crowns. After which pear finished, the king returned into England. A jew of Lewkesbury fell into a privy upon the saturday, and would not for reverence of his Saboth day be plucked out, A jew drowned in a prime whereof the Earl of Gloucester, hearing that the jew did so great reverence to his Saboth day, thought he would do as much to his holy day, which is sunday, and so kept him there till monday, at which season he was found dead. Anno. 44. William Fitz Richard M. Adam Brown S. marg 1259 Ri. Coventre S. A folk mote at Paul's cross. In this year the king commanded a general assembly or meeting at Paul's cross where the king in proper person commanded the Mayre that the next day after he should cause to be sworn before his Aldermen every stripling of xii years of age and upward, An oath to the king. to be true unto the king and his heirs kings of England: and that the gates of the city should be kept with harnissed men. Anno. 45. 1260 Wil Fitz Richard M. Io. Northamton S. Rich. Pickard S. King Henry published at Paul's cross the bishops of Rome absolution for him and all his, that were sworn to maintain the articles made in the parliament at Oxford: for which cause the barons of England begun to utter their malice, which they had long before conceived against the king, and caused an insurrection that continued three years. Gylbart de Clare Earl of Gloucester Richard earl of Gloucester decased, and Gilbart de Clare, was earl after him. Anno. 46. 1261 Th. Fitz Thomas M. Phi. Walbroke S. Richard Tailer S. A great frost. This year was so great a frost the men road on horse back over the thames: The barons of England rose 'gainst the king. The barons of England armed them against their king, & all this year hovered about London & other places without any notabe act of rebellion, saying that they rob & spoiled aliens & certain other persons whom they knew to be against their purpose: specially they slew the jews in all places. Anno. 47. Tho. Fitz Thomas M. Ro. Mountpyler S. 1262 Osbern Buckessel S. 500 jews' were slain by the citizens of London, five hundred jews slain at London. because one jew would have forced a christian man to have paid more than ii.d. for the usury of xx. s. for a week. Hugh le Spencer with the citizeus of London, spoiled & burnt the manors of Richard the king's brother, which hither to had been a great stay of the war between the king and the nobles. near to Lewis in Suffer, king Henry and his barons fought a cruel battle, A battle at Lewis. in which the king himself with Richard his brother, sir Ed. his son, & other noble men to the number of .25. were taken: & of the commons were slain above .20000. Anno. 48. Tho. Fit; Thomas M. Tho. Lamford S. 1263 Edward blune S. Debate & variance sell between Simon Mountfort Earl of Leicester, & Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester, chief captains of the barons: which turned to their great evil. For prince Ed. being now set at liberty, allied him with the earl of Gloucester & gathering to him a great power, warred so freshly upon Simon of Leicester, The battle of Euisham in Worcestershyre. that at the end he and Hugh spencer with many others of the nobles, were slain in the battle at Euishan in Worcester shire. A parliament at winchester The same year was holden a parliament at Wynchester, where all the statutes made before at Oxford, were disannulled & abrogate. And all writings made for the confirmation of the same, canceled and broken. London like to have been utterly spoiled. This year the city of London was in great danger to have been destroyed by the king for great ire and displeasure that he had conceived against it, because of the forenamed commotion: of the which the citizens having perfect intelligence, assembled themselves and took advice divers times what was best to be done. At the last it was agreed wholly to submit themselves both lives & goods into the kings bands And for confirmation thereof to make an instrument of their submission, and to seal the same with the common seal of the city They agreed upon viii persons to carry the same and going to wyndsore where the king lay, they met at Colbroke a knight called sir Roger Leyborn, who turned them back again, and after they had discoursed the whole matter with him, he wylled them to deliver to him their submission under seal, and he would move the king in it, which thing they did. And after two days this knight returned to the city, and said the king had received the writings, and would first that they should take away all the chains that were in the streets of the city, and should pull up all the posts out of the ground that the same were fired in, and should bring them all, both posts and chains to the tower of London, and that the Mayre with xl citizens should the next day following attend upon the king at Wynsore, to confirm the grant of their writing, and they should go and come safe. And in witness thereof he delivered to them the kings letter & seal for the term of .4. days. The next day the citizens being at Wynfore, attended at the gate until the king came from hunting, at which time the king would not once look on them. And after the king was entered, they would have followed: but they were forbidden. But shortly after they were called into the castle, where they were locked in a tower all night with homely entertainment & worse lodging, The king gave the maior of London & four aldermen with all their lands & goods to his son prince Edward. & the next day the king gave five of the best of them unto prince Edward, which was the Mayor & four aldermen, and the rest were committed to several places to prisen. Anno. 49. 1264 Tho. Fitz Thomas M. Peter Armiger S. Greg. Rockesle S. The king gave divers citizens of London with all their lands & goods, to his household servants. This year the king came to westminster, & shortly after he gave unto divers of his household servants, upon .60. households and houses within the city, so that the owners were compelled to agree & redeem their houses and household with all their goods or else to avoid, and suffer such persons to enter as the said houses were given unto: & not only that, but also all such lands and tenements, goods & chattels as the said citizens had in any other places of England● and then he made one Cuftoes or garden of the city, Sir Othon Constable of the tower, which sir Othon chose to be bailiffs under him, and to be accountable to him to the use of the king, john Adrian, and Walter Heruye, citizens of the same city. And after this, the king took pledges of the best men's sons of the city, that his peace should be surely kept in the same, the which were put in the tower of London, and there kept at the cost of their parents. And shortly after, by great labour and suit made, all the foresaid persons which should be in the keeping of the bailiff of the castle of Wyndsore, eight only except, and all the other londoners .31. in number, were delivered and came to London. Daily suit was made unto the king, to have his grace and know his pleasure what fine he would have of the city for their transgressions by them done, for the which the king asked xl M. pounds, and stuck at lx M. marks, but the citizens alleged for themselves the unability of the city, as that (many & not of the worst) of their citizens were fled, the rest at home were spoiled and rob of their goods. For which considerations and many other (which were tedious to write) the citizens besought the kings most gracious favour and pity, to take of them as they might bear. This matter thus hanging, the king departed from Westmynster toward Northampton, & before his departing, he ordained sir john Hind knight And master john Waldean Clerk to be gardens of the city and tower, the which were named in the kings writings, seneschals or Stewards of the city. Upon the day following that the king was rydeyn, these two forenamed stewards sent for .24. of the most notable men of the city, and warned them to appear the day following before the kings council at Westmynster, where at their apparens was showed unto them, that the kings mind was that they should have rule of the city in his absence under the aforesaid senescal●es: and that to see good rule kept within the city, they should be sworn there before the Council. Which being done, they departed again to the city. Such continual labour was made to the king, that lastly it was agreed for twenty M marks, to be paid by the city for all transgressions and offences by them done: certain persons excepted. Which the king had given his son, being as afore is said in the tower of Wynsore. For the payment of which some at days by agreement sealed, sir Roger Leyborne, and master Robert warren clerk's, were assigned to take the sureties for the same. After which sureties received and sent to the king at Northampton, the king sent unto the citizens a charter under his broad seal which ye may read in Robert Fabian. Then for the levying of this fine, were cared as well servants, covenant men, as householders. And many refused the liberties of the city for to be quite of the charge: of which number many never returned again to the city. King Henry besieged the castle of Kenelworth, Kenelworth castle besieged which Henry Hastynges defended against him the space of half a year, and then gave it up into his hands. Anno. 50. William Fitz Richard M. T. de la ford S 1265 Gre. Rokesly S The old franchises and liberties of London with a new grant for the shire of Middelser, were confirmed by a parliament at Northampton. A parliament at Northampton. Where all so many noble men that had taken part with the Barons, were dishery●ed of their lands, and therefore fled to Ely, & strengthened it in such wise that they held it long after. Anno. 51. 1266 Allen Zowch Ma. john Adrian S. Lucas Bitencote S. The gentlemen of England which fled to Ely, rob & did much harm to the countries next adjoining, namely Norfolk, Norwiche spoiled. Suffolk, & Cambridge shire, they took the city of Norwich & spoiled it and ransomed the rich men thereof at their pleasure. A legate of the bishop of Rome's laboured to the king, that the said dysherited gentlemen might purchase their lands of him, by fine & ransom. To whose request the king lastly agreed, that the said gentlemen should have their lands again by fine of .v. years valour of their lands. The statute for weights and measures About the li year, was made the statutes of weights & measure, that is to say, that .32. grains of wheat dry and round, & taken in the mids of the ear, should way a sterling penny, john Ras●al. & twenty of those pence should make an ounce, & xii ounces should make a pound troy, and .8. pound troy should weigh a gallon of wine, and .8. gallons of wine, should make a bushel of London, which is the .8. part of a quarter. Also that three barley corns dry and round, should make an inch, and xii inches to a foot, and three foot to a yard, and five yards and a half to a perch or pole. and xl pole in length, & iii in breadth to make an acre of land, & thes standards of weight & mesurs, were confirmed in the xu year of Edward the third. And also in the time of Henry the sixth, and Edward the fourth, and lastly confirmed in the xi year of Henry the seventh. How be it in the time of king Henry the sixth, it was ordained that the same ounce should be divided into xxx parts, called xxx pence: The alteration of the coins, from iiii. pence to xii. pence. and in king Edward the fourth his time into xl parts, called xl pence. And in king Henry the eight his days, into .44. parts, called. 3.ss. S. ●. but the weight of the ounce troy, and the measure of the foot was ordained ever to be at one stint. Anno. 52. Allein Souch M. Thomas basing S. 1267 Robert Cornhyll S. Gylbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester, for unknown displeasure, allying himself with the exiled gentlemen & other nobles of England, rose against the king, The king besieged London and held the city of London, building therein bulwarks, and cast ditches and trenches in divers places of the city and Southwark, and fortified it wondrously. The king lying at the abbey of Stratforde, also assaulted the same city, more than a month: as it is to be red in Fabian, but by diligent labour upon his party, and by the Legate and the king of Romans on the other party. Four persons for robberies put in sacks & cast in the Thames Agreement was made between the king and him: In this mean time many robberies were done, wherefore four that bare the cognisance of the Earl of Derby, were put in sacks and cast in the Thames. Anno. 53. 1268 Aleyn South M. William de Durham S. Walter Haruy S. A great riot in London. variance fell between the fellowships of goldsmiths and ●aylers of London, which caused great rufflying in the city, and many men to be slain. Execution. For which riot xiii of the chief captains were arraigned, cast and hanged. Aleyn South was discharged of his mayoralty by the king, and Stephen Edworthe made constable of the tower, and custos of the city. The disherited gentlemen were this year reconciled to the kings favour. And the five citizens which had remained prisoners in the tower of Wyndsour, the which the King had given to his son Edward, The Mayor of London, & iiii. Aldermen released out of Wynsor castle. when they had made their end with great sums of money were delivered. Anno. 54. Thomas fitz Thomas M willian Hadstock M 1269 Anketil de Aluern M The river of Thamis was so hard frozen from the feast of S. Andrew to Candelmas, A great frost. that men and beasts passed over on foot from Lambeth to Westmynster. The merchandises was carried from Sandwiche, and other havens unto London by land. The city of London with the revenues thereof was given to prince Edward. The City of London given to prince Edward. Anno. 55. john Adrian vintner M. walter Potter S 1270 john tailor S Prince Edward sailing into A●ia against the infidels, by his policy & manly acts so demeaned himself, that often times he put the Turks to great shame & disworship. For despite whereof they suborned a false Sarasyn, by whose treason he was wounded with a venomous dart, and thereof was long sick after. This year the liberties of London were newly confirmed. And this year the steeple of Bow church in Cheap fell down, The steeple of Bowchurche blown down. and slew many people both men and women. Anno. 56. 1271 Io. Adrian vintner M. Greg. Rokesle S. Henry walleis S. This year deceased Richard king of almain and earl of Cornwall, brother to the king, and was buried at Hails an abbey of white monks, by him before time builded. A great riot in Norwiche In June began a great riot in the city of Norwich, wherethrough, the monastery of the Trinity, was burned. And for that fact the king road down, & made inquiry for the chief doers thereof: Execution. whereof xxx young men were condemned, drawn, hanged and brent. This year were divers prodigies and strange tokens seen in divers places of England. Anno. 57 1272 Sir walter Haruy M Richard Pari● S. john Bedill S. In the beginning of this year king Henry sickened: and he called before him sir Gilbert Clare earl of Gloucester, and caused him to be newly sworn to keep the peace of the land, to the behoof of Edward his son, & then died the xvi day of November, in the year of our lord 1272. when he had reigned lvi years, & xviii. days. He was buried at Westminster upon the south side of saint Edward. He builded a great part of the same Church. King Edward the first, surnamed Longshanke. Anno regni .1. EDwarde the first, 1272 after the conquest, surnamed Longshanke, began his reign over this realm of England the .16. day of November, in the year .1272. and deceased the vii day of july, in the year .1307. so he reigned ●4. years vii months, and twenty days. Of stature he was tall and mighty of body, but nothing grosse● his eyes were somewhat black, & in time of anger seemed fiery. Of such a noble and valiant heart, that his courage never fainted, in most hard and dangerous enterprises: Of wit excellent, of great towardness, and apt to every thing, that he himself applied. Anno. 1. 1272 Sir walter Haruy knight M. Io. Horn S walter porter S In the end of this year the king returned into England. There was yet business about choosing of the Mayor: for divers would have made such a Mayor as they had liked. But for that time they were disappointed: which in the year following upon the same day took further effect. Anno. 2. 1273 Henry walleis M. Nicolas wichester S. Henry Coventrie S. On the day of Simon and Jude when Philip Tailor which before was chosen to be Mayor, Great strife for choosing the Maior of London. and should as that day have taken his charge in the guild hall of London, divers citizens put him beside the maires' seat, & set therein sir walter Haruy: the rumour whereof, came tofore the king, who put them both out, and chose Henry Frowike Custes of the city, who continued till Candelmas. At which time Walter Haruy was set in authority as Mayor, and continued the full of that year. The king of Scots did homage to king Edward's for the Kingdom of scotland. The king ordained certain new laws for the wealth of the realm, among the which was one, that bakers making bread lacking weight assigned after the price of corn, should first be punished by loss of their bread, and the second by imprisonment, and thirdly by the correction of the pillory. millers for stealing of corn to be chastised by the tumbril. And this to be put in execution, he gave authority to all Mayres, Bailiffs, and other officers through England, and specially to the Mayor of London. Anno. 3. Gregory Rockesle M. Lucas Batencourt S. 1274 Henry Frowycke S. King Edward builded the castle of Flynt, The castle of flint builded. and strengthened the castle of Rutland, & other against the welshmen. Anno. 4. Gregory Rockesly Maire john Borne S. 1275 Ralph Blunt S. Aliening in mortmain. The statute of mortmain was enacted by king Edward. Execution. Michael Tony was hanged, drawn, and quartered for treason. Anno. 5. 1276 Gregory Rockesle M Robert de Bracy S Ralph Fenour S King Edward gave unto David brother to Lewlyn prince of Wales, the lordship of Froddesham. This David attended in the kings court, and did unto him pleasant service, to the intent to espy the kings secret counsel: and if any thing were done or spoken to the hurt of his brother, that he might give to him warning. Anno. 6. 1277 Gregory Rockesley M. john Adrian S. walter Langley S. The term kept at Shrewesbury. michaelmas term was this year kept at Shrewsbury. Anno. 7. 1278 Gregory Rockesle M. Robert Basing S William Merser S Great execution of jews' Reformation was made for clipping of the kings coin, for which offence 297. jews' were put to execution. In this year began the foundation of the church of the friar preachers or black friars by Ludgate, and also castle Baynarde. The town of Boston was greatly impaired with fire. Anno. 8. Gregory Rockesley M. Thomas box S. 1279 Ralph More S. This year was first coined halfpence and farthings of silver, Halfpens and farthings first coined. where before, other coins of other metal ran among the people to their great loss & noyance. Anno. 9 Gregory Rockesle M William Faringdom S 1280 Nicolas wichester S David the brother of Lewlyn prince of Wales, Rebellion in Wales. unkindly & traitorously moved his brother against king Edward. Anno. 10. Henry Waleis M. willian mazerer S. 1281 Nicolas wichest. S. King Edward sent a company of soldiers into wales, under guiding of the earls of Northumberland & Surrey: Of which company many were slain, and sir Roger Clifford taken prisoner. The welshemen subdued certain castles and holds, & of some towns threw down the walls. Anno. 12. 1282 Henry Waleis M. Ralph Blunt S. Haukyn Betuel S. Execution. Lewlyn prince of Wales was slain by sir Roger Mortymer: and his head set upon the tower of London. Thomas Couper. Marton college builded at Oxenford. William Marton Chancellor of England about this time builded Marton college in the university of Oxenford. Anno. 12. 1283 Henry Waleis M Iorden goodchepe S Martin Box S Execution. David the brother of Lewlyn prince of Wales was taken and beheaded: and divers holds and castles of the Welsh men, given to english lords. A parliament at Shrowesbury. Prince Edward of Caruaruan was born in Wales, at the castle of Carnarvan, & a parliament was held at Shrewsburye. Laurence Ducket, hanged in Bow church. Laurence Ducket a citizen of London, was found dead, and hanged within saint Mary Bow church of Cheap for the which were condemned viii men, which were drawn and hanged: and one woman brent. The great cundite in Cheap begun to be builded. This year the great cononvyte standing again saint Thomas of Acres in Cheap was first begun to be made. This year began a great strife between the King and the Earl of Gloucester: which after grew to the great disturbance of divers towns of England, and specially of the City of London, as after some deal shall appear. Anno. 13. Gregory Rockeslei M Stephen Cornhill S 1284 Robert Rokesley S This year the liberties of the City of London was again seized into the kings hands, The liberties of London seized into the kings hand. and Stephen Sandwiche admitted for Custos, and the Mayor discharged (as some writ) for taking bribes of the Bakers. The new work of the church of Westminster unto the end of the choir begun in the third year of Henry the iii and continued in building .66. years before it was finished. The new work of westminster church. Anno. 14. Ralph Sandwiche M Walter Blunt S. 1285 john Wade S. This year were enacted by the King, parliament at Gloucester. the statutes called Additamenta Gloucestria. Anno. 15. Sir john Bryton M. Thomas cross S. 1286 willian Hautein S. King Edward sailed to Burdeaur, and from thence road into France, where he was honourably received of Philip le-beau king of France. A hot summer and great cheap of corn & other grain This year the summer was so exceeding hot, that many men died through the extremity thereof: And yet wheat was so plenteous, that it was sold at London for iii s four d. a quarter. Anno. 16. 1287 Ralph sandwich M. William Herford S. Thomas stains S. Great hail fell in England, and after ensued so continual rain, that the year following wheat was sold for xvi d. a bushel: and so increased yearly the reign of this king and his son, till it was lastly sold for xl s. a quarter. Anno. 17. 1288 Ralph sandwich M. William Betain S john of Canturb. S Execution for rebellion. Rice ap Meriduck, a welshman, rebelling against pain Tiptoft, warden of the country, was by the Earl of Cornwall in the Kings absence, taken, drawn, hanged, and quartered at York. Anno. 18. Ralph sandwich M. Fulk of. s. Edmond S 1239 Solomon Langford S This year king Edward returned into England, and was honourably received of the citizens of London. Anno. 19 Ralph sandwich M. Tho. Roman S. 1290 William de Lyre S. This year the staple of will was ordained to be kept at Sandwiche. The will staple kept at sandwich. And this year the jews were banished the land: jews' banished. for the which cause the commons gave to the king a fifteen. Anno. 20. Ralph sandwich M. Ralph Blunt S. 1291 Hamond Box S. This year died queen Elian or the kings wife, & was buried at Westminster in the chapel of saint Edward, at the feet of Henry the third. This year also died Elianoure wife unto Henry the third, Queen Elinor deceased. & mother to this Edward, whose heart was buried at the grey friars in London, and her body at Ambresbury, in the house of Nuns. Anno. 21. Ralph sandwiche M. Henry Ball S. 1292 Elys russel S. The King held his parliament at London, to the which with divers lords of his Province, came the king of Scots. This year iii men had their right hands smitten of in Westchepe for rescuing a prisoner, Execution. arrested by an officer of the City of London. Anno. 22. 1293 Ralph sandwich M. Robert Rockesley S. Martin Aubrey S. The xviii day of May fell a wondrous snow, and therewith an exceeding wind: By violence whereof great harm was done in sundry places of England, Great tempest. as overthrowing houses and trees. etc. Anno. 23. 1294 Sir john Bryton M Henry Box S. Rich. Gloucester S. Madocke with the Welshmen rebelled against the king, wherefore he in all hast made against them, & overcame them. This year the frenchmen arrived at Dover, and spoiled the town, and brent a part of it, Dover spoiled by French men. in which skirmish was slain one Thomas of Dover. Anno. 24. 1295 sir john Bryton M john Dunstable S. Adam Harlingbery S. john Baylell was by king Edward admitted to be king of Scots, and he for the same did his homage, and swore unto him fealty. This year was taken Madock or Meridoke captain of the rebels in Wales: Rebellion in Wales. he was drawn and hanged at London. Anno. 25. Sir john Britton M. Thomas Sulff S. 1296 Adam de Fullam S. john Bailell king of Scots contrary to his allegiance, by the setting on of the frenchmen, King Edward won Barwyke. rebelled again king Edward. Wherefore king Edward hasted him thither. He won from him the castles of Berwick and Dunbarre. He slew of the Scots (as saith Fabyan) xxv. M. and took prisoner sir William Douglas, and other noble men. He conquered also Edenbrough, where he found the regal ensigns of Scotland: that is to wit, the crown, the sceptre & cloth of estate. In this time the englishmen sustained many storms in Gascoyn & Guienne. Anno. 26. sir john Britton M. john de stortford S 1297 willian de stortford S King Henry sailed into Flanders to rescue Guy their Earl, which was grievously overset by the French king, so that he had won much of his lands. But shortly after king Edward's commyug, a peace was concluded for ii years: and thence he went to Bordeaux. The Scots by the enticement of the frenchmen, and setting on of one William Wallace rebelled, and put the englishmen to much trouble and loss of many men: among which was sir Hugh Tresyngham. The Tun in cornhill is now the conduit. This year certain persons of the city of London broke up the ton in the ward of cornhill, and took out certain prisoners, that thither were committed by sir john Britton: for the which ix of them were grievously punished by long imprisonment, and great sins. The tun above named is now the conduit in Cornhill. The liberties of London granted again The king coming again into England, and so to Winchester, the citesens of London made such labour unto his grace that they obtained grant of their liberties that had in some part be kept from them by the term of xii years or more. Anno. 27. Henry waleis M. Richard Reshan S. 1298 Thomas Sel● S. This year the king made cruel war upon the Scots, and had of them a great victory, and then they yielded them selves again to his grace and mercy. This year also the king called in certain coins of money called pollardes, Crocardes, and rosaries. Anno. 28. Elis russel M. john Armencer S. 1299 Henry Fringrith S. King Edward hearing of the untruth and rebellion of the Scots, made his third voyage against them, wherein he subdued a great part of the land, and took the castle of Estrivelyn with other, and made the lords swear to him fealty and homage. Anno. 29. Elis Russel M Luke Havering S. 1300 Rich. Champeis S. This year the King gave unto Edward his son, the Princedom of Wales, and joined there unto the Dukedom of Cornwall, and the cry doom of Chester. Anno. 30. 1301 john Blunt M. Robert Caller S. Peter Bosham S. A parliament at Canturbery This year the King held a great parliament at Canturbery. Anno. 31. 1302 john Blunt Mayor Hugh Pourte S. Simon Paris S. This year King Edward made great wars in Scotland, where he had many great victories. Anno. 32. 1303 john Blunt M William Combmartein S. john de Burford S. john Harding. This year the King caused great inquiry to be made of the behaviour of his justices through out his realm, which was called Broyly Baston. Anno. 33. 1304 john Blunt M. Roger Paris S. john Lincoln S. Execution at London. William Wales which had done so many displeasures to King Edward in Scotland, was taken, drawn, hanged, and quartered at London on S. bartylmew's eve, and his head set on London bridge. The nobles of scotland in a parliament at Westmynster voluntarily were sworn to be true to the king of England, and to keep the land of scotland to his use against all persons. Anno. 34. john Blunt M. Raynold Doderil S. 1305 William Causon S. Robert le Bruse, (contrary to his oath to king Edward before made) assembled the lords of Scotland, and caused himself to be crowned. When king Edward heard of this treason, he went with haste into scotland, where he chased sir Robert le Bruse, and all the power of scotland, and took many of the noble men prisoners. Anno. 35. john Blunt M. Simon Belet S. 1306 Godfrey de la conduit S. The wars continuing in Scotland the noble king Edward ended his life the seventh day of july, in the year .1307. King Edward the first deceased. When he had reigned .34. years. ●. months and .21. days. He lieth buried at Westmynster in the chapel of saint Edward upon the south side in a plain tomb of marble at the head of his father. King Edward the second. Anno Regni .1. 1307 EDwarde the second son of of the first Edward, & prince of wales borne at Carnarvan, began his reign over the realm of England, the seven. day of july in the year of our lord, 1307. who was deposed the .25. day of january: and in the year .1326. so that he reigned .19. years. He was fair of body, but unsteadfast of manners, and disposed to lightness: he refused the company of his lords, and men of honour: and haunted the company of villains and vile persous. He gave himself to overmuch drinking, and lightly would disclose things of great council: and beside that he was given to these vices of nature: He was made much worse by the counsel and familiarity of certain evil disposed persons. As Piers of Gaveston, Hugh Spencer, & others, whose wanton counsel he following, gave himself wholly to the appetite and pleasure of the body, not regarding to govern his common weal, by sadness, discretion; and justice. Which thing caused first great varinace between him and his lords: so that shortly he became to his lords audible: and in the end was deposed from his kingdom. Anno. 1. Sir john Blunt M. Nicolas Pigot S. 1307 Michael Drury S. King Edward took to wife Isabel the daughter of Philip the fair, king of France He gave Piers of Gaveston, the earldom of Cornwall, & the lordship of wallingford, & was ruled all by his counsel. Anno. 2. Nicolas faringdom M. William basing S. 1308 john Butler S. The king calling to mind the displeasure done unto him & his familiar, Piers Gaveston, by the bishop of Chester, commanded him to the Tower of London, where he was streightely kept many days after. But the lords perceiving the king given all to wantonness, and that he was much provoked thereunto by the means of Piers of Gaveston, caused the king to banish him the realm, and so he went over into Ireland, where the king notwithstanding comforted him with many rich gifts, and made him chief ruler of that country. Anno. 3. Thomas Romain M. james of s. Ed. S. 1309 Roger Palmer S. The king and his lords were at great strife for the banishment of Piers of Gavestone, in so much that the king would not be pleased until he were again restored. The Rhodes won by christian men from the Turks. This year was the isle of Rhodes recovered from the Turk, by the knights of the order of saint john Baptist. The crouched friars came first into England. This year the crouched friars came first into England. Anno. 4. 1310 Richard Rofham M. Simon Crop S. Pet. Blacknay S. Piers of Gaveston more and more increased: in so much that he had the custody of all the kings jewels and treasure, of the which (as sayeth Fabian and other) he took a table and a pair of trestles of gold, A table with trestles & all of gold, conveyed out of England. and conveyed them with other jewels out of the land. He also brought the king to manifold vices: as adultery and such other. Wherefore the lords again banished him out of England into Flaunders, to the kings great displeasure. Anno. 5. 1311 john Gysours M. Simon Merwod S. Rich. Wylford S. Piers of Gavestone, was again by the king called out of Flaunders. wherefore the lords being confederate, besieged him in the castle of Scarborough, Execution in Gaverside. where they took him, and brought him to Gaversyde beside warwick, and smote of his head, to the great discontenting of the kings mind. This year the kings first son, named Edward, was borne at Wynsore. Anno. 6. john Pountney M. john Lambyn S. 1312 Adam Lutekyn S. This year was many good laws made in the parliament London, where, unto the king and his lords were sworn. Anno. 7. Nycolas Faringdon M. Adam Burden S. 1313 Hugh Bayton S. The English men encountered with Robert le Bruse and his Scots, at Estrivalen, where was fought a strong battle. The battle of Estrivelyn In the end whereof, the englishmen were discomfited and so eagerly pursued by the Scots, that many of the noblemen were slain: as Gylbert de Clare, Guido de columna. earl of Gloucester, sir Robert Clyford, sir Edmond of Manle, with other lords and barons, to the number of xlii knights, and lxvii barons, beside xxii men of name, which were taken prisoners, and ten M. common soldiers slain. After this time Robert le Bruise reigned as king of Scotland. Anno. 8. 1314 john Gysors M. Stephen of abingdom S Hamond Chikwell S john Harding. A villain called john Poydras, a tanner's son of Excester, in divers places of England, named himself the son of Edward the first, and said that by a falsnourse he was stolen out of his cradle, A barkers son made claim to the crown of England in an open parliament held at Oxenford. & Edward that was now king put in his place, which was but a carters son: but shortly after, he was convict of his untruth, and confessed, that he did it by the motion of a familiar spirit, which he had in his house in likeness of a cat, whom he had served iii year, and he for his service was drawn and hanged at Northampton. Execution. Anno. 9 1315 Stephen abingdom M Hamondgoodchepe S William Reading S The castle of Barwike was yielded up to the Scots by the treason of Peter Spalding. Two cardinals being sent from Rome to conclude a peace between the king of England and the scots: as they went through Yorkshire, were rob by two knights called Gilbert Midleton, john Harding. & walter Selby, with .600. men, which ii knigtes had done many robberies in those parts, or they were taken, but they were afterward condemned, drawn & hanged at London. And the king recompensed the Cardinals double so much as they lost. Shortly after sir Gosselyn Deinuile & his brother Robert, with two hundred in habit of Friars, going about as exiled persons or outlaws, john Harding. did many great & notable robberies & despites, they rob & spoiled the bishop of Durhams' palaces, leaving nothing in them but bare walls, and such like robberies, for the which they were after hanged at York. Anno. 10. john wengrave M. William Caston S. 1316 Ralph Palmer S. The scots entered the borders of Northumberland & most cruelly rob & spoiled the country, sparing neither man, woman, nor child. To this mischief was joined so exceeding dearth & scarcity, A great famine. the wheat was sold for four mark the quarter: the common people did eat horse flesh, & other vile beasts, & many died for hunger. Anno. 11. 1317 john Wengrave M. John Prior S. willian Furnex S. The white battle. King Edward assembled a new host, and went into Northumberland, where he laid siege to Barwike. But in the mean time the Scots by an other way invaded the borders of England, & wasted the country even to York, and slew a great number, specially of religious people: wherefore it was called the white battle. King Edward was constrained to break up his siege, and return again into England. Sir Hugh the Spencers, the father, and the son, were of great power in England: and by the favour of the king practised such cruelty, and bare themself so haughty, that no lord in this land, durst contrary them in any thing that they thought good: whereby they were greatly hated of the nobles. Anno. 12. 1318 john Wengrave M john Pountney S. john Dalling S. The Lords and nobles of England detesting the outrageous pride of the Spencers, in such wise conspired against them, that they caused the king half against his mind, to banish them the Realm. Anno. 13. Hamond Chikwel M Simon Abingdom S. 1319 john Preston S. This year king Edward contrary to the mind of his lords revoked the Spencers from banishment, and set them in like authority as they before had been, to the great disturbance of the realms and not long after pursued the barons, and chased them from place to place: as first at Liedes castle in Kent: after in the marches of Wales, where he took the Mortymers, and sent them to the Tower of London. Anno. 14. Hamond Chikwel M Reinold at cundyt S 1320 william Prodhan S This year king Edward overcame the barons of this realm in many battles and took many of them, Great execution. whom he put to death in divers parts of this realm, to the number of xxii noble men. Master john Baldock, a man of evil fame was made Chancellor of England, who extremely peeled the commons of this realm: for the which he was well rewarded after, as ye may read in the nineteen. year. Anno. 15. 1321 Hamond Chikwel M. Rich. Constantin S Rich. Hakeney S This year the son appeared to men's sight as red as blood, The son appeared as red as blood. and so continued the space of vi hours. The last day of October the Irishment by the aid they had out of England, drove the scots out of their land. At which time many noble men of Scotland were slain. Among which was Edward le Bruise the kings brother. Anno. 16. 1322 Hamond Chikwell M. john Granthan S Rich. of Ely S King Edward with a great army entered Scotland: but with sickness and other misfortunes that chanced among the soldiers, he within short space was forced to return into England: whereof sir james Douglas, and the Scots having knowledge, pursued him in such wise, that they slew many english men, and had well near taken the king at an abbey called Beighland, from the which he was forced to flee, and leave his treasure behind him. Anno. 17. Simon Francis M. Adam Ealisbury S. 1323 john of Oxenford S. Charles of France warred upon the lands of King Edward in Gascoigne & Guienne, and took there many towns and castles. Wherefore king Edward sent his wife Isabella to entreat with her brother Charles for peace, or (as Froisard saith) the Queen herself fleeing the tyranny and mischief of the Spencer's, fled with her young son Edward into France, and was gently received of her brother, which made great promise to aid her against the tyranny and injury of the Spencers. Anno. 18. Hamond Chikwel M. Benet of Fulham S 1324 john Causton S Queen Isabella by the aid and help of sir john of Heynald with a small company of Henoways returned into England: to whom the Nobles and the commons gathering in great numbered pursued the king, the Spencers, and other enemies so eagerly, that shortly after they took them, and kept the king in prison at Kenylworthe. King Edward, his Chancellor, the Spencer's, & other taken prisoners. And after at Barkeley they took master Robert Baldok, the Chancellor both the Spencers, the father, and the son, the earl of Arundel, with diveres other, and brought them to the town of Hereford. Anno. 19 1325 Richard Betain M Gilbert Mordom S. john Cotton S. The morrow after Simon and Jude, sir Hugh Spencer the father was put to death at Bristol, Great execution. and after buried at Winchester: and on saint Hugh's day following, was sir Hugh his son drawn hanged and quartered at Herford, and his head sent to London, and set among other upon the bridge. After Robert Baldock the Chancellor was sent to London to Newgate, where he died miserably. The earl of Arundel was put to death at Herford: and king Edward was by parliament deposed from his kingdom, King Edward deposed when he had reigned xix year .6. months and .18. days, and not long after was murdered by sir Roger Mortimer, and was buried at Gloucester. Edward the third. Anno Regni .1. EDwarde the third, 1326 after the deposing of his father was crowned king of England. He begun his reign over this realm the xxv day of januarie: in the year of our lord .1326. and deceased the 21. day of june in the year .1377. so he reigned .50. year, and .5. months lacking .3. days. This man beside all other gifts of nature, was endued with passing comely beauty and favour: Of wit provident, circumspect and gentle of nature: doing nothing without great wisdom and consideration. He was a man of excellent modesty & temperance, and advanced such persons to high dignities, as did most pass other in integrity & innocency of life: in fears of arms he was very expert, as the noble enterprises by him achieved, do well declare: Of his liberality and clemency, he showed many great examples. Briefly, in all princely virtues he was so excellent, that few noble men before his time were to be compared to him. At the beginning of his reign he was chief ordered by sir Roger Mortymer and his mother Isabell. The liberties of London confirmed. In this first year of his reign he confirmed the liberties of the city of London, and ordained, that the mayor of the city of London should sit in all places of judgement within the liberties of the same for chief justice, the Kings person only excepted, and that every alderman that had been Mayor should be justice of peace in all London and Middlesex: and every Alderman that had not been mayor should be justice of peace within his own ward. divers other privileges he granted to the city, which ye may read in Fabian. The king went toward scotland having understanding that the scots were entered into England, as far as Stanhop park. He beset them round about, hoping to have brought them under his subjection. But when he thought to be most sure of them by treason of some of his hoft, the scots escaped clean, and returned back into scotland. King Edward the second murdered. About the xxi day of September Edward the second was murdered in the castle of Barkley by sir Roger Mortymer, & was buried at Gloucester. Anno. 1. Richard Bretain M. Rich. Roting S. 1326 Roger Chancellor S. The king married the lady Philip the earls daughter of Henawde in the city of York. The king held his parliament at Northampton, parliament at Northampton. where through the counsel of sir Roger Mortimer, and the old Queen his mother, he made with the scotts and unprofitable and dishonourable peace: For why he restored to them all their writings, charters, and patents, whereby the kings of scotland had bound themselves to be tributary to the crown of England, with other like unprofitable conditions. Anno. 2. Hamonde Chikwell S. Henry Darcy S. 1327 john Hawden S. David the young prince of Scotland married jane, the sister of king Edward, whom the scots in derision, called jane makepeace. The scotts made many rhymes against thenglishmen (as saith Guido) for the fond disquised apparel by them at that time worn, amongst the which this was one. scottish taunts. Long beards heartless, Painted hoods witless, Gay coats graceless, Makes England thryftlesse. Anno. 3. 1328 john Ganthan M Simon Francis S. Henry Combmarten S. Edward earl of Kent, uncle to king Edward of England, being falsely accused of treason, Execution. was by sir Roger Mortymer put to death at winchester. Prince Edward was borne at Wodstocke. Who in process of time grew to a noble and famous man: and was in his days counted the Flower of chivalry through out the world. The xvii of October, sir Roger Mortimer was taken in Notyngham castle, and sent to the Tower of London. Anno. 4. 1329 Symond Swalond S Richard Lazar S Richard Gisours S Sir Roger Mortimer was accused for divers points of treason, as that he murdered king Edward the second: and that through him the scots escaped at Stanhope park, for receiving sums of money of the Scots: for which accusations he was shortly after drawn and hanged at London. Execution. Edward Baylell, the son of john Baylell late king of Scots, by licence purchased of king Edward, entered into scotland, claiming the crown by the right of his father, where he vanquished the Scots, and was crowned king at Stone. Anno. 5. Symond Swaylon M. Robert Ely S. 1330 Tho. whorwod S. The king with a great army went into Scotland, and at Halidon hill gave the Scots battle, wherein he obtained a triumphant victory, and slew of them viii Earls .900. knights & of barons, and esquires 400. and .32000. common soldiers: he won Edenborow, Berwick, Berwick won. and many other castles, and gave the governance of scotland to Edward Baylell, between whom and the Scots was fought many battles. Anno. 6. john Pountney M. john Mocking S 1331 Andrew Aubery S The king of France sent ten ships toward Scotland, which were so wether driven into Flanders, that they were little worth after that tyme. Anno. 7. 1332 john Preston M. Nicolas Pike S. john Husband S. King Edward went again into Scotland, and laid siege to the castle of Kylbridge: He won it by strength, and set the country in quietness, and came back to the castle of Tyne, where shortly after Edward Baylell king of Scots, came and did him homage, and swore unto him fealty and fidelity, and returned again into scotland. Anno. 8. 1333 john Pountney M. john Hamond S. William Hansard S. Ambassadors were sent from Philip de Valois king of France, for to conclude upon certain articles of variance between their lord and the king of England, but it took none effect. Anno. 9 1334 Reignold at cundyt M. john Kyngston S. Walter Turk S. This year king Edward sent ambassadors into France, to conclude a peace, which likewise took none effect. Anno. 10. 1335 Reignold at conduit M. walter mordon S. Richard Upton S. This year king Edward made claim to the crown of France, and therefore proclaimed open war between England and France. Anno. 11. john Pountney M wil brickelsworth S 1336 john Northehall S In this year (as saith Fabian) the king considering the charge he had with wars in scotland, and also that he intended to have against the frenchmen, for the obtaining of his right, gathered together treasure by divers and sundry ways, whereof the manner is not expressed: but such great plenty came to his hands, that money was very scant throughout the whole realm: by reason of which scarceness, victual and other merchandise were exceeding good cheap: for at London a quarter of wheat was sold for ii s. & fat ox for vi. s viii d. A fat sheep for vi d. and viii d. six pigeons for one penny, Great cheap of vitaye. a fat goose for ii d. a pig for a penny: & so all other victuals, after the rate. This year appeared a blazing star. Anno. 12. Henry Darcy M. Walter Neale S. 1337 Nicolas Grave S. King Edward for the expedition of his wars against the french King sent ambassadors into the parties beyond the sea, to ally with him the earl of Heynault, and other lords, which obeyed not the french king: of whom by the means of jaques Dartnell, he had great comfort both of the Flemings & divers lords & princes of those parts. This year the king granted, that the officers of the Mayor and Sheriffs of London should bear maces of silver. Anno. 13. 1338 Henry Darcy M. William of Pomfret S Hugh Marbre S King Edward for more establishment of amity between him and the Hollanders, Selanders, and Brabanders, sailed to Andwarpe, where he concluded the matter with his alliances, and by the consent of the emperor Lewis was proclaimed vicar general of the empire. Southampton rob by Frenchmen. In this mean time certain French men had entered the haven of Southampton, and rob the town, and brent a great part thereof, and upon the sea they took ii great ships, called the Edward, and the Christopher. Anno. 14. Andrew Aubery M. William Thorney S. 1339 Roger Frosham S. King Henry held a parliament at Westminster: A great subsidy. and there toward his great charges, he demanded the fifth part of every man's goods. The customs of the wols to be paid ii years before hand: and the ninth sheaff of every man's corn. Which was granted unto him. But before it were all paid, the love of the people did turn into hatred and their prayer into cursing, etc. The king changed his coin, Coin changed & made the noble, and half noble: The noble at vi. s viii d. which is now ten s. King Edward over and beside a great army of English soldiers, having with him well near the power of the hole Empire, The arms of England and France intermeddled. entered the borders of France and made claim to the whole realm of France, as his rightful inheritance. and for more authority named himself king of France, and intermeddled the arms of France, as it remaineth to this day. Anno. 15. Andrew Aubery M. Adam Lucas S. 1340 Bertholo. maries S. john of Gaunt borne at Gaunt. The queen of England wife to king Edward being at Gaunt, was delivered of a son, which afterward was called john of Gaunt, which was first earl of Richemont, and after Duke of Gloucester. A battle on the sea. This year K. Edward sailing into Flanders nigh to the town of Sluice met with the French kings navy, where was fought a cruel battle. whereof the king of England had the victory and the French fleet that was in number .400. sail, was well near destroyed, and the soldiers taken, slain and drowned, so that of .33000. four escaped alive Shortly after this victory, king Edward besieged Tourney, and the town of saint Omers, during the time of which siege, divers out ridings and enterprises were adventured by the Heynawes, Almains, and other his friends, to the great hurt of both parties. At the end of xi weeks after the siege, a peace was concluded for xii months, and the king returned to Londou. Anno. 16. 1341 john Oxenford M. Rich. barking S. john Rokesley S. This year came into England ii cardinals to treat a peace between the kings of England & of France, who concluded it for .3. years, but it lasted not so long. This year the queen was delivered of a man child at Langley: which was named Edmund of Langley, & was king Edward's third son. Anno. 17. Simon Francis M. john Luskyn S 1342 Rich. Kyslingbery S This year died john duke of Britain by reason of whose death, war & strife grew, and parts taking by the French king and king Edward. Anno. 18. john Hamond M. john steward S. 1343 john Ayseshan S. This year the king called a parliament at westminster: In time whereof, Edward his eldest son was created prince of Wales. This year the king made a coin of fine gold, A new coin. and named it the florentine, that is to say, the penny of the valu of vi s viii d. the halfpenny of the valu of iii s four d. and the farthing of the value of xx. d. which coin was ordained for his wars in France, for the gold thereof was not so fine as was the noble before named. Anno. 19 1344 john Hamond M. Geff. wichinghan S. Thomas Legget S. This year the king held a solemn feast at his castle of Windsor: The order of knights of the garter. where he devised the order of the Garter, and established it as it is at this day. Then king Edward sailed into Sluice, & so into little britain with a strong army. But for that he was disappointed of the Fleming, by reason of the death of his trusty friend jaques Dartnell, he turned again into England, leaving behind him the Earl of Salisbury with a strong company, to aid john earl of of Mountford against Charles de bloys Which john by the aid of Englishmen won divers towns & holds in Britain. This year the king sent the Earl of Derby with a strong army into Guienne for to aid the earl of Northampton. Anno. 20. 1345 Richard Lacer M. Edmond Hempnall S. john Gloucester S. This year king Edward made great preparation for the wars of France: and Philip de Valois king of France made as great preparation to defend his land against king Edward. Anno. 21. Geffrey wichinghan M. john Croyden S. 1346 willian Clopton S. This year king Edward sailed into Normandy with .1100. sail great and small, and with him his son prince Edward, they over road, spoiled & destroyed the country before them unto Paris: and gathered wonderful riches of pray which he sent into England. Shortly after, he encountered the french king nigh the forest of Cress, when he had not in his host the eight man in comparison of the French army, and obtained of them a triumphant victory. Where was slain the king of Bohem with ten other great princes .80. banners .1200. knights, and .3000. common soldiers. After this victory king Edward went toward Caleys, and besieged it. In the mean while David of Scotland by procurement of the French king, made war upon the borders of England: but the bishop of York with other lords gathered a great company, aswell spiritual as temporal, and near unto Durham did hid the king of Scots battle, where was fought a cruel and fierce battle. But in the end the victory fell unto the queens side. and there was taken the king of Scots, The king of Scots taken with many of his greatest lords, & there was slain one & other above .15000. soldiers. Anno. 22. 1347 Thomas Legget M. Adam Bramson S Rich. basingstoke S This year, after king Edward had lain afore Caleis a year & more, Caleis yielded to Edward the third. it was yielded up to him, as ye may read at large in john Frosard his chronicles. Anno. 23. 1348 john Lufkin M. Henry Picard S. Simonwoseley S. A great plague In the end of this year about August the pestilence begun in divers places of England, and specially at London, and so continued till that time twelve month Anno. 24. 1349 William Turk Maior Adam Bury S. Ralph Lynne S. This year was Calais like to have been betrayed, but the king in time prevented it. The King caused to be coined groats and half groats, Alteration of coin to a smaller value. the which lacked of the weight of his former coin ii s vi d. of a pound troy. And about the end of August ceased the death in London, which was so vehement and sharp, A great pestilence. that over the bodies buried in churches and church yards, monasteries, and other accustomed burying places, was buried in the Charter house yard of London (as saith Fabyan l M. persons. And also many persons of good credit yet living in the city of London affirm that they have red the like, written on a plate of laton fastened on a cross of stone in the same Charter house church yard: and also to have seen recorded in one old Book of the said Charter house, that at that time the said mortality was so great, that there remained not the tenth person alive throughout the realm. Anno. 25. Richard Killingbury M. john Notte S. 1350 wil wocester S. This year king Edward had a goodly victory upon the sea, against Charles the constable of France where he took xxii. of their ships. Anno. 26. 1351 Andrew Aubery M. john wroth S. Gibbon staindrop S. This year the castle of Guynes was yelden unto the englishmen, dwelling in Calais, by treason of a French man. Also this year the englishmen being in britain, had a goodly victory over the frenchmen, where they took many noble men prisoners. Anno. 27. 1352 Adam Francis Mayor john peach S john stodeney S This Summer was so long dry, that it was called after, the dry summer: The dry summer. for from March till the latter end of july, fell little rain or none: by which reason corn that year following was scant. Anno. 28. 1353 Adam Francis Mayor john Welde S. john little S. The Duke of Brunswick made an appeal against Henry duke of Lancaster: for which was waged battle in the french kings court, and being both ready within the lists to fight, the french king stayed the matter, and took the quarrel into his hands, so that either of them departed the field without any stroke stricken. Anno 29. Thomas Legget M. willian Totinghan S. 1354 Richard Smert S. For so much as the towns in Flanders broke their promise before time made by jaques Dartnell, The will staples kept at Westminster, Chichester, Lyncoln, Bristol and Canturbery. and now favoured the french party, king Edward removed the market and staple of will out of Flanders into England: as to Westminster, Chichester, Lyncolne, Bristol, and Canterbury. Prince Edward the son of king Edward passed into Gascoyn, where he made sore war, and destroyed castles and towns before him, and took the town of Remorentine with other. Also this year was the house of the Friars Augustine's in London finished: The friar Augustins church in London builded. which was re-edified by sir Humphrey Bobune earl of Hertforde and Essex, whose body lieth buried in the quire of the said house before the high altar. Anno. 30. Symond Francis M. Thomas Forster S 1355 Thomas Brandon S Edward prince of Wales, nigh to the city of Poitiers joined battle with king john of France: of whom the prince by his martial policy won a noble victory, notwithstanding that he had in his army but 800. soldiers: & on the french part were 6000. fight men. In this conflict King john was taken with his young son Philip, and many of his nobles, & brought into England. Anno. 31. 1356 Henry Picard M. Rich. Nofinghan S. Thomas Dosel S. Great and royal jousts were holden in Smythfield before the king of England (the french king being prisoner) the king of Scots, A great jousts in Smithfielde. and divers other nobles. Anno. 33. 1357 john Stody M. Stephen Candish S. Barthol. Frostling S. This year David le Bruise king of scots was set at liberty, when he had put king Edward surety of .10000. mark for his ransom. Anno. 23. 1358 john Lufain M. john Barnes S. john Burys S. The englishmen in Britain took the town of Ancore, and divers other, and put them to great ransom. Anno. 34. 1359 Simon Duffild M. Simon Bedinghan S. john Chichester S. King Edward with his son the prince passed the sea to Calais, and from thence road through France by Picard, Artois Rouen, champain, and so forth to Britain, ever destroying the country before him, his garrisons also made war in Beauvoisin, in Picardye, in Brye, in Campayn, and spoiled well near all the counntrey. Moreover the king of Navarre vexed sore the marches of Normandy. Thus was the realm of France miserably beset at this time on all sides. At the last a final peace was concluded between the kings of England & of France, on this condition, that king Edward should have to his possession, the countries of Gascoyn and Guienne, Poitiers, Lymosyn, Balevile, Exantes, Calais, Guynes, and divers other lordship's castles, towns, & all the lands to them belonging, without knowledge of any sovereignty or subjection for the same: and the king of France should pay for his ransom 300000. crowns: & so King john returned into France. Anno. 35. john Wroth M. john Denys S. 1360 Walter Burney S. King Edward returned from Caleys into England, and brought with him many noble men of France for hostages. This year men and beasts perished in England in divers places with thunder & lightning: and fiends were seen in man's likeness, and spoke unto men as they travailed by the way. Anno. 36. 1361 john Peche M. William Holbeche S. james Tame S. The second pestilence This year was great death and pestilence in England, which was called the second mortality: in which died Henry duke of Lancaster: & then was john of Gaunt the king's third son, which had married the duke's daughter, made duke of Lancaster. Also there were seen this year in the air castles, and hosts of men fight (as saith Fabian.) Anno. 37. 1362 Stephen Candishe M. Io. of S. Albon's S. james Andrew S. This year was a great wind in England, A great wind. wherewith many steeples and towers were overthrown. King john of France came into England, and shortly after died at the Savoy in London. Also this year was a great frost in England, which lasted from the midst of September to the month of April. Anno. 38. john Notte M Richard Croyden S. 1363 john Hiltofte S. Prince Edward sailed into Bordeaux, and received the possession of Guyan that king Edward had newly given unto him. Anno. 39 Adam of Bury M. Simon Mordant S 1364 john of Motford S This year the king began the foundation of saint Stephen's chapel at Westmynster, S. Stephen's chapel at westminster begun. which was finished by richard the second, & son of prince Edward. Anno. 40. john Lufkyn M. Io. Bukylsworth S 1365 john Oreland S This year the king commanded that Peter pence should no more be gathered nor paid to Rome. This year Prince Edward had his first son, whose name was Edward, but he died at seven years of age. Prince Edward entered Spain with a great puissance, where he overcame the spaniards and French men, and expelled Henry the bastard, and set Peter in his former estate, as kig of Spain. But not long after the princes return home again, Henry repaired his army and warred upon his brother so fiercely, that in the end he utterly vanquished him and put him to death: and then without resistance possessed the kingdom of Spain. Anno. 41. 1366 john Lovekyn M. john Warde S William Dickman S This year was borne the second son of Prince Edward, named Richard. Anno. 42. 1367 james Andrew M. Rich. Torgold S. William Dickman S. This year appeared Stella cometa, A Comet or blazing star that is a blazing star. And this year the earls of Armenak, of brett, & of Perygort, with other nobles of the duchy of Guyan, appealed the Prince of Wales in the French kings court, that he had broken the peace, and wronged them, as in exacting of them over great sums of money, etc. But the French king deferred it for certain causes to long here to rehearse. Anno. 43. Simon Mordon M. Adam wymbinghan S. 1368 Robert Gyrdler S. This year the king of France proceeded in judgement upon the appellation before made by the earl of Armenak, the lord of Bret, and earl of Perygort, against Prince Edward. Whereupon, discord & variance began to take place between the two kings: and those lords, which before were sworn to king Edward, did now yield divers towns of the country of Poitiers unto the French king. The Duke of Lancaster arrived at Caleis, and entered France with a company of soldiers, where not far from Arde, the Duke of Burgoyne lodged, within a mile of his army, with a great power, the space of xviii days, and never proffered battle. But lastly went away by night, and then the Duke passed further into France. Anno. 44. john Chichester M. john Pyell S. 1369 Hugh hoiditch S. This year died Queen philip wife to Edward the third, The queens College in Oxford builded she builded the college in Oxenford, called queens college The third pestilence. In this year was the third mortality or pestilence, whereof died much people. Anno. 45. 1370 john Bernes M. Wil Walworth S Robert Gayton S john Barnes Mayor of London, gave a chest with three locks, A chest in Guyldehaule having three locks, and never a penny therein. and a. 1000 marks, to be lent to young men upon sufficient gage, so that it passed not one 100 marks: and for the occupying thereof, if he were learned to say at his pleasure Deprofundis for the soul of john Barnes: if he were not learned, to say Pater noster. But how so ever the money was lent, at this day the chest standeth in the chamber of London, without either money or pledges for the same. This year the country of Lymosyn with other, became obeisant to the French king, and fell from the king of England: by reason that Prince Edward had lately assessed upon the inhabitants of the country, a great and grievous task: by means whereof, he lost the love of the people. Anno 46. 1371 john Barnes M. Robert Hatfild S. Adam Staple S. The Earl of Penbroke, as he passed the sea to rescue the castle of Rochel, was encountered with a fleet of spaniards, which king Henry of castle had sent to aid the French king. Of these spaniards after cruellfyght, the Earl was taken, and sir Guystarde de Angle and other, to the number of .160. persons, and the more part of his men slain and drowned. Anno. 47. john Pyel Maior john Phylpot S. Nycolas Brember S. 1372 john Duke of Lancaster, entered by calais into France, & passed throughout the Realm, by Uermendoys and Campaign, nigh to turdeaux in Aquitane without battle: not withstanding the great hurt and damage they did to the towns & countries as they passed. Anno. 48. Adam of Bury M. john Aubery S. 1373 john Fisshye S. divers entreaties of peace were made between the king of England & France, by mean of the bishop of Rome, but none was concluded. Anno 49. William Walworth M. Richard Lions S 1374 W. wodhous S The entreaty of peace continued, but not concluded but for four months at the most: in which time, of entreaty the French king won many holds, & towns of the englishmen, as well in guian as in britain, and in other places. Anno. 50. 1375 john Warde M. john hadley S. Wil Newport S. Many wonderful sicknesses fell among the people, as well in Italy as in England, whereof there used an exceeding great number. Anno. 51. Adam staple M. john Northampton S Robert land S Prince Edward departed out of this life, who was in his time the flower of chivalry. He was buried at Caunterbury, and then king Edward created Richard son of prince Edward prince of Wales: and because the king waxed feeble and sickly, he betoketh: rule of the land to sir john of Gaunt duke of Lancaster, who so continued during his father's life. Edward the third deceased This year king Edward the third ended his life at Rychemonde, the xxi day of june, in the year of our Lord, 1377. When he had reigned .50. years five months lacking four days, and was buried at Westmynster: he left behind him four sons, Lewes' duke of Clarence, john of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, Edmond of Langley duke of York, and Thomas of Wodstocke earl of cambridge. Richard the second. Anno regni .1. RIchard the second, 1377 son of Prince Edward of Wales, was ordained king of England, being as yet but eleven years of age. He began his reign the xi day of june, in the year of our lord .1377. and left the same the xxix day of September, in the year .1399. so he reigned xxii years iii months and eight days. In bounty and liberality he far passed all his progenitors: but he was over much given to rest & quietness, and loved little deeds of arms, and martial prowess, & for that he was young, he was most ruled by young counsel, and regarded nothing the advertisements of the sage and wise men of his Realm, for the chief about him were of no wisdom nor estimation: which thing turned this land to great trouble, and himself in fine to extreme misery. Of him john Gower writeth (as Harding affirmeth) these verses in latin following. john Gowre in his book entitled vox clamantes, which treateth of the infortunate time of Richard the second. Principio Regis oritur transgressio legis, Quo fortuna cadit & humus retrograda vadit Quomodo surrexit populus, quem non bene rexit, Tempus ad huc plangit, super hoc quod Chronica tangit Stultorun vile cepit consilium juvenile Et sectam senium decrevit esse reiectam, Tunc accusare quosdam presumpsit avare, unde catallorum gazas spoliavit corum. Which may be englished thus. When this king first began to reign, the laws neglected were, Wherefore good fortune him forsook and th'earth did quake for fear, The people also whom he poled, against him did rebel, The time doth yet bewail the woes, that Chronicles do of sell, The foolish council of the lewd and young, be did receive: And grave advice of aged heads, he did rejects and leave, And then for greedy thirst of coin, some subjects he accused, To gain their goods into his hands, thus he the Realm abused. Anno Regni .1. Nycolas Brymber M. Andrew pickman S 1377 Nyco. Twyford S By the enticement of the French men, the Scots began to rebel, 1 froissart, Barwick taken by xl persons. and a squire of theirs, called Alexander Ramsey, with xl persous, in a night took the castle of Barwyke: which was rescued & recovered by th'earl of Northumberland. Anno. 2. john Philpot M. john Boseham S. 1378 Tho. Cornwalis S. This john Philpot Mayor of London above named, gave to the city of London certain tenements, for the which the Chamberlain of London, payeth yearly forever, to xiii poor people of the same city, every of them. seven. pence the week, which is paid to them at the four quarter feasts of the year, & as any of those xiii. persons die, the Mayor appointeth one, and the Recorder of London an other in their roomths. This year the war was again renewed between the king of France and Navarre, who shortly after allied with king Richard of England. The lord Nevile was sent with a company of soldiers, to raise the siege before Fortayne in Poytow, and to aid the king of Navarre, against the spaniards of Castill. Anno. 3. 1379 john Hadley M. john Heylisdom S. William Barret S. The French men with galleys and other ships, Grauesende spoiled by Frenchmen. entered into the Thames and burned divers towns, & at the last came to Grauesende, where they spoiled the town, and set it on fire, and returned into France with much riches. This year as john Harding writeth, alleging john Gower, john Harding alleging Gower was such a pestilence in England that most people died. A parliament at westminster, where was granted, that all men and women, being of the age of xiiii years or upward, should pay to the king. iiii.d. by reason whereof great grudge and murmur grew among the commons: and this was granted towards the wars in France. Anno. 4. William Walworth M. Wal. Ducket S. 1380 Wil ●mg●thod S. This year the making of guns was first found, Gonnes' first invented. in this manner: a certain Almaigne (whose name is not known) chanced to have in a mortar, powder of brimstone that he had beaten for a medicine, and covered it with a stone, and as he struck fire, it fortuned a spark to fall in the powder, by and by there rose a great flame out of the mortar, and lift up the stone wherewith it was covered, a great height: and after he had perceived that, he made a pipe of Iron, and tempered the powder and finished this deadly engine, and taught it to the Venetians, when they warred against the Genuates, which was in the year of our lord .1380. For this invention he received this benefit, that his name was never known, lest he might for this abominable devise, have been cursed and evil spoken of whilst the world standeth: so sayeth Polldore. By the mean of the payment above named, this year the commons of this land, specially of Kent and Essex, suddenly rebelled and assembled together upon black Hethe, to the numbered .60000. and above which had to their captains, Watte Tyler, jack Strawe, jack Shepherd, Tom miller, Hobbe Carter, and such other: which were animated to this rebellion, by one john Wall or ball, a very seditious preacher. As ye may read at large in john Froysard, the first book the .381. chapter. They caused much trouble and business in the Realm, and chief about the city of London, where they practised much vyllanie, in destroying many goodly places of the nobles, as the Savoy, The Savoy burnt, & S. johnes in Smithfielde spoiled. saint john's in Smythfielde and other. They let forth all prisoners and set them at liberty: they spoiled all the books of law in the Inns of court, the Records of the Counters and other prisons. They set the king forth of the tower of London, compelling him to grant all bondmen freedom, and that he should never demand tribute or tax of his commons: and also required jack Straw, and Wat Tyler to be made Dukes of Essex and Kent, and governors of the kings person from thenceforth, both in peace and war, which things he granted: for he durst in no point deny them: But William Walworth Maior or London being in Smithfielde, near unto the kings person, and saying him stand hoodlesse afore jack straw, jack Straw slain. rebuked the said Straw of his great lewdness, and with a dagger slew him, and brought the king into the city: Why the city of London giveth the dagger in arms. Whereupon the rude company was dispersed, and fled as sheep, some one way and some an other: so sayeth Harding. In memory of this deed the city giveth the dagger in their shield of arms. Anno. 5. john Northampton M. john Rote S. 1381 john Hind S. This year was a terrible earthquake throughout all England, An earth quake. which threw down many castles, steeples, houses, & trees. Which john Harding saith he saw the twenty day of may. Anno. 6. john Northampton M. Adam balm S. 1382 john Self S. This year was a combat fought at the kings palace of Westminster, A combat. between one Garton Appellant, and sir john Ansley knight defendant, the knight was Victor, and Garton was from that place drawn to Tyborn, and there hanged for his false accusation. Anno. 7. 1383 john Northampton M. Sy. Winthcombe S john More S Execution at S. Albon. This year was one Wall, or Ball, taken at coventry, by Robert Trevillian, and judged to be hanged at saint Albon, for that he was the anymator of the Rebels spoken of in the fourth year of this kings reign, of whom ye may read at large in john Frosard. Anno. 8. 1384 Nycolas Brember M. Nycolas Exton S. john French S. The king went toward, scotland with a great army, but when he drew near the borders, such means was songht that a peace was concluded. Anno. 9 1385 Nycolas Brember M. john Organ S. Io. Churchman S. King Richard married the daughter of Uinceslaus, Emperor of Almaigne. Anno. 10. 1386 Nycolas Exton M. W. Stondon S. William More S. The Earl of Arundel went into the Duchse of Guyan, for to strengthen such soldiers as the king at that time had in those parties, or to stour the sea of Rovers. The earl keeping his course, encountered with a mighty fleet of flemings laden with Rochel wine, and set upon them, took them, and brought them to divers ports of England: whereby wine was then so plenteous, that it was sold for. xiii.s.iiii.d. &. xx.s. a ton of the very choice. Anno. 11. Nycolas Exton M. William Uenour S. 1387 Hugh Fostalse S. This year Thomas of woodstock duke of Gloucester, Robert Fabian the earls of Arundel, warwick, of Derby, and of Notyngham, considering how this land was misgoverned, by a few persons about the king, intending reformation of the same, assembled at Radecocke bridge, where they took their counsel, and raising a strong power, came to London, where they caused the king to call a parliament, whereof hearing Alexander nevil Archbishop of York, Sir Lionel Vere Marquis of Develen, & sir Mychael de la Poole Chancellor & earl of Suffolk, fearing punishment, fled the land and died in strange countries. The king by counsel of the above named lords during the parliament, caused to be taken sir Robart Trivilian, chief justice of England, sir Nycholas Brembre, late Mayor of London, sir john Salysbury knight of household, sir john Beauchampe, Steward of the kings house, sir Simon Burley, sir james Bernes and sir Robert Belknappe knights, and a sergeant of arms, named john Uske, the which by authority of the said parliament, were convict of treason, and put to death at the tower hill, & at Tyburn. And john Holt, john Locton, Richard Grace, William Burgth, and Robert Fuithorpe justice, with the other foresaid lords, which before had voided the land, were banished and exiled for ever. Anno. 12. 1388 Sir Nych. Twyford M. Tho. Austen S. Adam Gathill S. A jousts in Smithfielde. This year the king kept a great jousts in Smythfielde, which continued xxiiii. days. This year on the fifth day of August, was the battle of Ottyrborn, The battle at Ottyrborn where sir Henry Percy slew the earl Douglas of Scotland, and after was taken prisoner. Anno. 13. William Uenour M. john Walcot S. 1389 john Loveney S. An esquire of Navarre accused an english esquire called john Welsh of treason: A combat. for the trial whereof, a day of fight was between them taken, to be fought in the kings palais at westminster: where they fought a strong fight, but john Welshe was victor, and constrained the other to yield. Where he was despoiled of his armour, Execution. and drawn to Tyborn, and hanged for his untruth. Anno. 14. Adam balm M. john Francis S. 1390 Tho. Uivent S. The duke of Lancaster uncle to king Richard sailed with a company of soldiers into spain, to claim the realm of Cast●le: for so much as he had taken to wife the eldest daughter of king Peter, that was expelled his kingdom by Henry his bastard brother: be conquered the country of Galice, and made league with the king of Portugal: but by great mortality, which fell among his people, he was fain to dismiss his army, and shortly after lost all that ever he had won. Anno. 15. 1391 john Hind Draper M. Io. Chadworth S Henry Uamer S A bakers man bearing a basket of horsebread in Fleetstreet, A fray in Fleetstreet. one of the bishop of Salisburies' men took out a loaf, that baker requiring his loaf, the bishops man broke the bakers head: whereupon followed such parties taking, that the Mayor and Sheriffs and all the quiet people of the city, could not order the unruliness of the multitude there gathered together, but that they would have him delivered to them, who broke the bakers head, or else to break open the gates of the said bishops palace, who was the kings high treasurer: for the which the king seized the liberties of the City, and discharged the Mayor and Sheriffs of the rule of the City, and committed the government thereof to a knight of the court called sir Edward Dalingerige. The citizens making great suit and labour to obtain the kings favour, could not this year obtain it. Anno. 16. William Stonden Grocer M. Gilbert Manfield S 1392 Tho. Newington S This year by the great suit & labour of doctor Gravesend then bishop of London, The liberties of London restored. the liberties were shortly restored in reward of which pains, he desired the Mayor with the citizens of London in their liveries to resort yearly on their ix. principal days to the Church of Paul's unto the grave of the same bishop, after his decease, who lieth in the middle of the west end of the said church, and there to say De profundis. etc. As ye may read in Robert Fabyan. Anno. 17. john Hadley Grocer M. Drew Barentin S. 1393 Rich. whittington S. A truce prolonged between France and England for four years. This years died Queen Anne wife to king Richard. Anno. 18. Io. French Mercer M Wil Bramton S. 1394 Tho. Knolles S. john Wiklef About this time was Wikliffe famous in England. King Richard made a voyage into Ireland, which was more chargeable than honourable. And this year was great tempest of wind in England. Anno. 19 1395 Wil More Uintener M Roger Elys S wil Sheringhan S A truce for xxx years was made between England and France: and king Richard took to wife Isabella the daughter of Charles the French king. Anno. 20. 1396 Adam bame goldsmith M Tho. Wilford S. willian Parker S. The duke of Gloucester king Richard's uncle with the Earl of Arundel, and other, was put to cruel death: Execution. for so much as they rebuked the king in certain matters over liberally. Anno. 21. 1397 Richard Whittington Mercer M. willian Askhan S. Io. woodcock S. This year deceased john of Gaunt duke of Lancaster: He was buried in Paul's Church, on the north side of the choir. The Duke of Hereforde and also the Duke of Norfolk were both banished the land. The duke of Hereford banished this land. Anno. 22. Drew Barentin Goldsmith M. john wade S 1398 Io. warner S King richard let the realm of England to farm to sir William Scrope Earl of Wyltshyre, England let to feruie. and to iii knights, Bushy, Bagot and Grene. And then in april he went with an army into Ireland, leaving for his lieutenant in England, sir Edmund of Langley his uncle, and Duke of York. King richard being occupied in Ireland, Henry Bolynbrooke, Duke of Hereforde, and of Lancaster: which was banished into France, being sent for of the Londoners, came into England with a small power, and landed in holderness in yorkshire, to whom the Communes gathered in great number, whereof King richard hearing, about September he returned, and landing at Mylforde haven, he went to the Castle of Flynt in Wales, where he rested him, intending to gather more strength: In the which time, Henry Duke of Lancaster came unto Brystowe, where he took sir William Scrope, Ealre of Wylteshyre and treasurer of England, sir john Bushy, and sir Henry Greene. Sir john Bagot was there taken, but he escaped and fled, the other iii were judged and put to execution. King richard taken prisoner by Henry Duke of Hereforde and of Lancaster. King richard being in the castle of flint (his noble men forsaking him) was taken: and by Henry duke of Lancaster, sent to the tower of London: where shortly after he yielded up and resigned to the said Henry, all his power and kingly title to the Crown of England and France, knowledging that he worthily was deposed for his demerits and mysgoverning of the Common weal. King Henry the fourth. Anno Regni .1. HEnry the fourth was ordained King of England more by force, 1399 as it appeared, then by lawful succession or election: Which thing turned him to much unquietness, and caused often rebellion in this Realm: of courage he was noble and valiant, and after the Civil wars were appeased, showed himself very gentle and loving to his subjects. He began his reign over this Realm, the xxix of September, in the year of our Lord .1399. and left the same the twenty day of March, in the year .1412. So he reigned thirteen years, six months, lacking nine days. Henry, the son of King Henry was chosen Prince of Wales, and duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, and heir Apparent to the Crown: he deposed three Dukes, joh. Harding following M. Norham, doctor in theology. that is to say, of Albumarle, Ercester, and Surrey, and the marquis of Dorset. Anno. 1. 1399 Tho. Knolles Grocer M. wil waldern S willian Hyde S The lord Morley appealed the Earl of salisbury of treason, A gage of battle. and cast his hood for a gage to try with him battle: the which saying he replied, and cast from him his gloves for gage, to prove his sayings untrue, which were sealed, and delivered to the lord Martial. Sir john holland Duke of Ercester brother to King richard, the Duke of Aumarke, the duke of Surrey with the Earls of Salisbury and Gloucester, and other that favoured Richard of Burdeur, conspired against King Henry, A conspiracy against king Henry the fourth. and appointed privily to murder him at a feast, which should be holden at Wyndsore: Execution. but their treason was disclosed, and they all put to death, with as many knights and esquires, as were of that alliance and confederacy. King Richard murdered. King Richard was put to death in Pomfret castle, by a knight called sir Piers of Exton, and after brought to the tower of London, and so through the city of London to Paul's barefaced, and there stood iii days for all beholders: and from thence to Langley, and there buried in a house of Friars: but he was since removed by Henry the .v. and lieth at Westmynster. Upon the death of this King richard, john Gower in his book named Vox clamantis john Gower doth write these verses in Latin, as followeth. O speculum mundi, quod debet in auro refundi, Ex quo provisum sapiens acuit sibi visum. Cum male viventes, Deus odit in orb regentes Est qui peccator, non esse potest dominator. Richardo teste, finis probat hoc manifest, Sic diffinita fuit regia sors stabilita, Regis ut est vita, Chronica stabat ita. Which may be englished thus. O mirror for the world meet, Which shouldst in gold be bet, By which all wise men, by foresight. Their prudent wits may whet: Lo God doth hate such rulers as Here viciously do live: And none ought rule, that by their life Do ill example give. As this king Richard witnesseth well, His end this plain doth show, For God allotted him such ends, And sent him so great woe. As such a life descrude: as by The chronicles thou mayst know: Anno. 2. 1400 john Francis goldsmith M. john wakell S. willian Ebot S. While the King was in Wales, certain persons envying that he had so shortly obtained and possessed the Realm, blazed abroad amongst the vulgar people, that king richard was yet living, and desired aid of the common people to repossess his realm and royal dignity. And to the furtherance of their invention, they set upon posts, and cast about the streets railing rhymes, malicious metres and taunting verses against King Henry and kiss proceedings. He being nettled with those uncourteous pricks and thorns, searched out the au●tours: Execution. and amongst other were found culpable of this crime, sir Roger Claryngdon knight, with two of his servants, the prior of land, and viii friars Mynoures or grey Friars, who were drawn, hanged and quartered at Tyburn in the month of February. Owen Glendour of Wales rebelled, rebellion in Wales. and king Henry went thither with a strong army, but could not win to them, they fled so to their mountains. This year was great scarcity of wheat and other grain, Great dearth of corn. so that wheat was sold at London for. xvi.ss. a quarter. Anno. 3. john Chadworth M. will. Uenour S 1401 I. Freminghan S This year the Cundite standing upon Cornhill in London was begun to be made (where as before time it was a prison for priests called the Ton in cornhill. The cundite in cornhill builded. A great battle at Srewesbury, A battle at Shrewesbury. began by sir Thomas Percy, earl of worcester, and other against the King, where sir Thomas percy was taken and beheaded, Execution. & sir Henry Percy slain, with many other noble men. Anno. 4. john Walcot Draper M. Richard Marlowe S. 1402 Robert Chicheley S. The Emperor Robert came into England, only to see the country and commodities thereof, where he was received with great triumph. The Lord of Castille in britain landed within a mile of Plymmouthe, Plymmouth spoiled by frenchmen. with a great compavye, he lodged all night in Plymmouth, and on the morrow rob and spoiled the town, and returned again to their ships. Anno. 5. 1403 William Alkham M. Tho. Fauconer S. Tho. Poole S. The britains and frenchmen, which the year before had spoiled and rob the town of Plymmouth, were discomfited and slain of the englishmen, in a battle on the sea, near the town of Dartmouth. This year one willyam Serle was taken in the marches of scotland, Execution. and brought to London, and there hanged, drawn, and quartered for the murdering of the duke of Gloucester at Calais. Anno. 6. 1404 john Hind Draper M. Wil Lowsche S Stephen spilman S Sir richard Scrope then archbishop of York, and the Lord Mowbraye then marshal of England, with other, gathered great strength to have put down the king (as the fame went) but they were taken, and presented to the King at York, Execution. where they were both beheaded. Anno. 7. Io. woodcock Mercer M. Henry Barton S 1405 wil Croumer S This year was the bridge and Chapel of Rochester finished by sir Robert Knolles, Rochester bridge builded who also new re-edified the body of the church of white friars standing in Fleetstreet, and there was buried: That Church was first founded by the ancestors of the Lord Grace Cotner. Anno. 8. Richard Whittington Mercer M Nic. wotton S. 1406 Geffrey broke S. This year sir Henry Earl of Northumberland, Execution. and the lord of Bardolfe coming out of Scotland, with a strong company to the displeasure of the King as they intended, were met and fought with, and discomfited, and their heads were stricken of, and scents to London. This Richard Whityugton Mayor of London above named, Whityngton college builded. builded the house in London, named whittington's college. He builded a great part of the hospital of Saynete Bartholomewes' in west Smithfielde: he builded the library at the Grey friars in London, now called Christ's hospital: he also builded a great part of the east end of the guilded hall in London, beside sundry other notable works done by him. Anno. 9 1407 Wil sconden Grocer M. Henry Ponfret S Henry Halton S This year was a great frost which began in December, A great frost. and lasted fifteen weeks. Edmond Holland Earl of Kent was by the king made admiral of the sea, who scouring and skimming the sea, at the last landed in britain, and besieged the Castle of Briake and won it: but he was there wounded with an arrow, whereof he died soon after. Anno. 10. 1408 Drew Barentin goldsmith M. Tho. duke S wil Norton S This year in Smithfield was held a great jousts between the Henowayes and englishmen, A great jousts ●● Smithfield in the which were many feats of arms done. Anno. 11. Richard Marlowe iron-monger M. john Law S 1409 wil Chichley S john Badley tailor was brent in Smithfielde for the Sacrament of the Altar. Execution in Smythfield. This year the market house called the Stocks in London was begun to be builded. The market house called the Stocks builded. Anno. 12. Tho. Knolles Grocer M. Io. Pen S. 1410 Tho. Pike S. This year a squire of Wales named Rice ap Dee, Execution. which had long time rebelled against the King, was brought to London, and there drawn, hanged, and quartered. This year was the guilded Halle of London begun to be new built: The guild hail in London new builded. and of an old and little cottage, made into a fair & goodly house as it now appeareth. Anno. 13. Robert Chicheley Grocer M. john Rainewel S 1411 William Cotton S This year the xii day of October, the Thames flowed thrice in one day. And this year the king caused a new coin of nobles to be made which were of less value than the old by. iiii.d. in a noble. Anno. 14. 1412 William waldrens Mercer M Ralph Levenhind S. willian Sevenoke S. This year after the great and fortunate chances happened to King Henry, being delivered of all civil division and dissension, he minded to make a voyage against the infidels, and especially for the recovery of jerusalem: and for that cause prepared a great army, and gathered much treasure, intending to set forward in the same spring. When he had thus prepared all things necessary for his voyage: he was taken with an Apoplerie, of the which he languished till his appointed hour. During which sickness (as authors write) he caused his Crown to be set on the pillow at his bed's head, and suddenly his pang so sore troubled him, that he lay as all his vital spirits had been departed: such as had cure of his body, thinking him to be dead, covered his face with a linen clothe. The prince his son being thereof advertised, entered into the Chamber, and took away with him the crown and departed: the father being suddenly revived out of his trance, quickly perceived the lack of his crown, and having knowledge that the prince had possessed it, caused him to repair to his presence, requiring of him for what cause he had so misused himself. The Prince answered, sir to my judgement you seemed dead, wherefore I as your next heir, took it as mine, and not as yours: well son said the king, what right I had to it and how I enjoyed it, God knoweth. well quoth the Prince, if you die king, I will have the garland, and trust to keep it with the sword as ye have done: well said the king, I commit all to God, and remember you to do well, and with that turned himself, and shortly after departed, in a chamber of the abbots of Westmynster, called Jerusalem, the xx. day of March, in the year of our lord .1412. When he had reigned .13. years, six months and nine days, and was buried at Cauntorbury. King Henry the fifth. Anno Regni .1. 1412 HEnry the fift, began his reign the twenty day of March, in the year of our lord .1412. and deceased the last day of August in the year .1422. so he reigned ix years five months and ten days. He was a Prince of great nobleness & prows, of stature and parsonage tall and slender, of nature gentle and liberal, in deeds of arms expert and cunning, whereby he conquered manfully his enemies, and brought France to his subjection: before the death of his father he applied and gave himself to all vice and insolency of life, and drew unto him riotous and wildly disposed persons: but when he was admitted to the rule of the land, suddenly he became a new man, and turned all that rage of wildness into sober and wise behaviour, and vice into virtue: and that he might not be again corrupted, he charged all his old companions, that upon pain of their lives, none of them should come within ten miles of the place that he was lodged in. joh. Lidgate, He caused john Lidgate monk of Bery, to translate certain verses of the psaltar into english mitre, which he used in his divine service. This year about harvest time, Sir john Oldecastell. was sir john Old castle knight, appeached for an heretic, and committed to prison, but he broke out of the tower, and went to Walis, where he lived four years after. Anno. 1. Wil Crowmer Draper. M. joh. Sutton S. 1413 john Mycol S. Certain adherentes of the forenamed sir john Oldecastel, Eduvarde Haule. intending the destruction of this land and subversion of the same, Rebellion. assembled them in Thickettes' field, near unto saint Gyles in great number, whereof the king being informed, took the field afore them, and foke of them so many, that all the prisons, in and about London, were filled. The chief of them which were xxix were condemned by the Clergy of heresy, and attainted of high treason, as movers of war against their king, by the temporal law in the guildhall, Execution. & adjudged for treason, to be drawn & hanged, and for heresy to be consumed with fire, which was executed accordingly in january following. The chief of these rebels was sir Robert Acton knight, john Browne Esquser, and john Beverley priest, as testifieth Edward Hal. Anno. 2. 1414 Thomas Fauconer Mercer. M. john Michael S. Tho. Allyn S. This year the king made great provision to sail into France with an army, & while he was shipping of his people, sir Richard earl of cambridge, sir Richard Scrope treasurer of England, and sir Thomas gray knight, were arrested for treason, and so straightly examined, that it was confessed that they were purposed to have slain the king, by the corrupting of the French men: Execution. wherefore they were all three adjudged to die, and were headed at Hampton. Then king Henry took shipping with a great power, joh. Harding following M. Norham, doctor in theology. and sailed into Normandy, & took the town of Harflewe, where he was compassed about with a great host of french men, to the number of .40000. He having but .13000. footmen, and 2000 spears. He slew of his enemies, 10000 and took prisoners, nigh as many. This was called the battle of Agyncourt, The battle of Agincourt. of the which ye may read more at large, in Fabian and Hall. Anno. 3. Nycholas Walton Draper M. Wil Cambridge S 1415 Allein Euerard S This year the Emperor Sigismond came into England, to entreat a means of peace between the kings of England and France: but all was in vain, for in the end no peace could be concluded, and king Henry went again into France. Anno. 4. Henry Barton Skinner M. Ro. Wodyngton S 1416 john Coventry S This year in France king Henry obtained many victories, and got all the towns and holds in Normandy, saving Roban, which he strongly besieged. This year on Easter day, was a great fray in saint Dunston's church in the East: Robert Fabian. the beginners thereof was the lord Strange, A fray in S. Dunston's church. and sir john Trussell knight, through the quarrel of their two wives, through the which fray many people were sore wounded and hurt, A fray in S. Dunston's church. and one Thomas Petwarden fishmonger, slain out of hand, wherefore both the frayers were brought to the Counter in the Pultrye, and the lord Strange for beginning the said fray, was the next sunday accursed at Paul's cross. Anno. 5. 1417 Richard Marlowe Iremonger M. Henry Read S. john Gedney S. This year sir john Oldecastell was sent unto London by the lord Powes out of Wales, the which sir john for heresy and treason was convict, and for the same was draweu to saint Gyles field, Execution. where he was hanged on a new pair of Gallows with chains, and after consumed with fire. The parson of Wrothan with his concubine About this time the parson of Wrotham in Norfolk, which had haunted new market heath, and there rob and spoiled many of the kings subjects, was with his concubine brought up to Newgate where he lastly died. Anno. 6. 1418 Wil Sevenoke Grocer M. Rau● Barton S. john Parnesse S. King Henry conquered Rone, subdued all Normandy, and was proclaimed Regent of France for term of the life of Charles being then king. And after his decease the crown of France with all rights belonging to the same: to him and his heirs. For confirmation whereof, he took to wife Catheryne the daughter of Charles. Anno. 7. Richard Whittington Mercer M. R. Whittinghan S 1419 john Butler S This year king Henry returned into England and so to London and at west minster Catheryn his wife was crowned the xxiiii day of February. Anno. 8. Wyl. Cambridge Gro. M. john Butler S. 1420 john Welles S. The Duke of Clarence king Henry's brother, was over set by the dolphin of France, and slain, to the kings great displeasure. King Henry went again into France and made war upon the dolphin. Anno. 9 Ro. Chichely grow. M. Richard Gosselyn S. William Weston. S. 1421 The beginning of this year, O. Catherine was delivered at windsor of a young prīe●, whose name was Henry: and the tenth day of August was the new weather cock set on Paul's steeple. And this year the Queen returned into France to king Henry, where was a joyful meeting, but after followed sorrow: for shortly after the king being at Bofes in Uincent, he were sick and died, the last day of August, in the year of our lord .1422.. when he had reigned nine years five months & ten days, he builded the Shene and Zion, Shene and Zion builded. and lieth buried at westminster. King Henry the sixth. Anno Regni .1. 1422 HEnry the sixth being an infant of viii months of age, began his reign over this realm of England the last day of August, in the year of our lord .1422. he was deposed the fourth day of March in the year .1460. So he reigned xxxviii years six months and four days, continuing the time of his youth, he was committed to the governance of Duke Humphrey of Gloucester his uncle: when he came to man's state, he was of wit and nature, simple, gentle, and meek, and loved better peace than war, quietness of mind than business of the world: honesty then profit, rest & case, than trouble and care: all trouble, vexation, unquietness, & injuries, that ever happened to him (which were many & great) he suffered so patiently that he reputed them to be worthily sent to him of God for his offences. Tho. Coper. He favoured good letters excellently well: in token whereof be erected two famous Colleges, The kings college at cambridge, & the College at Eton builded. the one at cambridge, called the kings college, the other at Eton: by means whereof good learning greatly increased. In the beginning of this his reign, died king Charles of France, by reason whereof, joh. Harding after master Norham. the kingdom of France should come unto king Henry, and the nobles of France (except a few that held with the Dolphin) delivered the possession thereof unto the Duke of Bedford Regent of France, to the use of king Henry. Anno. 1. William Walderne M. Will. Estfield S. 1422 K. Tattarsale S. A subsidy was granted for three years, five nobles of every sack of will that should pass out of the land. Execution. A priest was burned for heresy, called William Tailor. Newgate builded. This year the West gate of London, now called new gate, was newly builded by the executors of Richard Whittington late Mayor of London. Anno. 2. 1423 William Crowmar Draper. M. Nicho. james S. Th. Wadford S. This year the Duke of Bedford won from the dolphin of France, many strong holds and towns, and near to a town called Uernell, be discomfited the Dolphins whole power, for in that fight were slain iii earls and many other noble men, & .5000. common soldiers. Execution. Sir Roger Mortimer, for treason was condemned by act of parliament, and hanged and quartered. The king of Scots married at saint Mary Adries in Southwark. This year james king of Scots, was delivered, who had remained prisoner in England xviii years, and he married in saint Mary Adries in Southwark, the lady jane daughter to the earl of Somerset, cousin to king Henry. Anno. 3. john Michael M. Simon Seman S 1424 john Bywater S This year the king of Portugal came into England, and was honourably received. This year by the parliament holden at Westminster, The first custom paid by the merchants. was granted to the king for three years, to help him in his wars, a subsidy of xii. d. in the pound of all marchaundyzes brought in, or carried out of the Realm, Robert Fabian. and iii s of every ton of wine, the which was then called tonnage and poundage, but since it hath been renewed at sundry parliaments, and now is called custom. Furthermore, it was enacted that all merchant strangers should be lodged within an english host, within xu days of their coming to their port sale, and to make no sale of any merchandise or they were so lodged: & then within xl days following, to make sale of all that they brought, and if any remained unsold at the said xl days end, that then all such merchandise so unsold, to be forfeit to the king. Anno. 4. john Couentre Mercer M. Wil Milrede S 1425 john Brokle S A parliament at Leicester, where the duke of bedford endued king Henry the sixth with the order of knighthood, & then the king dubbed near 40. knights Grudge and variance between the Duke of Gloucester protector of England, and his half brother the bishop of Wynchester, which was appeased by the regent of France, and debated by a parliament at Leicester, as ye may read at large in Edward haul. Anno. 5. 1426 john Raynewell Fishmonger M. john arnold S. Io. Nightham S. This john Raynewell Mayor of London before named, gave certain lands or tenements to the city of London, for the which the same city is bound to pay for ever, all such fifteens as shall be granted to the king (so that it pass not three fifteens in one year) for three wards of the same, that is to say, Dougate ward, Bellynsgate ward, and Algate ward. This year the english men besieging orleans, the noble & valiant knight sir Thomas Montague, was slain by a great misfortune, whose death was the beginning of all mischief to the English men: for after this mishap they lost by little and little, all their possessions in France. Anno. 6. john Gidney Draper M. Hen. Frowick S. 1427. Rob. Otley. S. This year a woman dwelling in white Chapel parish without Algate of London, was in the night murdered by a Britain or Frencheman, whom she had cherished and brought up of alms. Who conveying such jewels & stuff as he might carry, A murder quit with murder. was taken in Essex, and brought up to London: but a son as he came in the parish where he had committed the murder, the wives cast upon him so much filth and ordure of the street, that not withstanding the resistance made by the Constables, they slew him out of hand. Anno. 7. Henry Barton Skinner M. Th. Dushous S 1428 john Abbot S This year the Duke of Norfolk was like to have been drowned, passing through London bridge, his barge being set upon the piles whelmed over, so that he and very few escaped, being drawn up with ropes, the rest were all drowned. Anno. 8. 1429 William Estefield Mercer. M. William Russee S. Ranfe Holland S. This year was king Henry crowned at Westmynster, of whom john Lydgate munke of Bury, made many goodly verses in praise and commendation of him and his coronation, john Lidgate as ye may read them in Robert Fabian, both of this coronation, and also of his coronation at Paris in France. Anno. 9 1430 Nicholas Wotton M. walter Chertsey S Robert Large S A commotion at Abyngton. This year at Abyngton, began an insurrection of certain light persons, that intended to have wrought much mischief, but they were quieted by the lord protector, and the chief author being bailie of the town, named William Maundeuyll, a weaver, otherwise naming himself jack sharp of wygmores land in Wales, with other were put to death. Execution at Tyburn. This year was one Richard Russel, a will man, drawn, hanged, & quartered at Tyburn for treason. Anno. 10. 1431 joh. Welles Grocer M. john Adyrlee S. Step. Brown S. This john Wells of his goods, The Standard in cheap builded. caused the conduit named the Standard in cheap, to be builded in Anno .1442. This year king Henry was crowned at Paris by the Cardinal of Winchester. The king of England crowned at Paris in France. And this year the king returned into England, and so to London, where he was received with great joy & triumph. Anno. 11. Io. Parneis fishmonger M. john Olney S. I. Paddesley S. 1432 This year was seen in the south-west, a star called a Comet or blazing star. A comet. Anno 12. joh. Brokley Draper M. Tho. Chalton S. john King S. 1433 The Earl of Huntyngton, was sent with a company of soldiers into France, where he achieved many great feats of arms. Anno. 13. Roger Otley Grocer. S. Th. Barnwel S Simond Eyre S 1434 This year was a great frost, A great frost. that such merchandise as came to the Thames mouth, was carried to London by land. This frost endured from the xxv. day of November unto the ten day of February. which was ten weeks. And this year deceased john Duke of Bedford regent of France, after whose decease, all things went backward with the englishmen in France. Anno. 14. 1435 H. Frowick Mercer M. T. Catworth S. Ro. Clopton S. Charles of France, recovered the city of Paris, and wan by force the town of Harflewe, and of saint Denis expelling & murdering the englishmen in great number. caleis besieged. The Duke of Burgoyne besieging Calieis, was fain to fly & leave much of his ordinance behind him, at the coming of Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, who pursued him eleven days, and destroyed the country as he went, unto saint Omers. Anno. 15. 1436 john Mychel M. Tho. Morsted S. William Gregory S. This year on the third day of january, died Queen Catheryne mother to king Henry the sixth, and wife to Henry the fifth, and lieth buried at Westmynster. This year on the fourteen day of january, the gate on London bridge with the tower upon it next to Southwark fell down, A part of London bridge fell down. and ii of the furthest arches of the said bridge: but as God would no man therewith perished. This year it was enacted by a parliament, Every stranger paid to the King xvi d. the week. that every alien householder in this realm should pay weakly to the King xvi d. This year all the lions in the tower of London died, which had been there a long tyme. Anno. 16. William Eastfield Mercer M. Wil Chapman S. William halis S. 1437 The king caused a great obyte to be kept in Paul's church, for Sigismond the Emperor, who was knight of the Garter. Anno. 17. Stephen Browne Grocer Mai. Hugh Dyker S. Nicolas Yod S. 1438 This year on new years day, Three hundred men slain. a stack of wood fell down at Baynard's Castle, and slew .300. men, and hurt many other. There was so great a dearth in England, Great dearth that the poor people made them bread of fetches, peason, & fern roots. Xviii. persons murdered. This year by the fall of a strayre at Bedford xviii persons were slain. Robert Fabian. In this year the conduit in Fletestrets was begun by sir William Eastfield late Mayor of London: The Condyt in Fleetstreet builded. and finished of his own cost, without any one penny charge to the City. This year died Roberte Chicheley grocer, An obyte for master Roberte Chicheley. and twice Mayor of London, who willed in his testament, that upon his Mind day, a good competent dinner should be ordained for .2400. poor men, householders of the City, if they might be found, and twenty li. in money distributed amongst them, which was to every man ii d. Anno. 18. 1439 Robert Large Mercer M. Robert Martial S. Philip Malyas S. Execution at Tower hill. A priest was burned at the Tower hill on the xvii day of june, which of the common people was counted an holy man, for that he said, the poster n should sink (as afterwards it did) and such like things: they made their prayer to him, and arreared a great heap of stones, and pight there a Cross by night, until a commandment was given by the king to the contrary. The postern of East Smythfielde against the tower of London sank by night the xviii of july. The postern sank. Anno. 19 john Paddisley goldsmith M john Sutton S. wil Wetynhale S. 1440 Elinor Cobham, wife to Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, and other persons namely master Roger Bolynbroke, Robert Fabian. a cunning necromancer, and Margerye jourdemayn, commonly called the witch of Eye were accused, Edward Hal Thomas couper. that by sorcery and enchantmentes, they practised the kings death: as by an image of ware, which through their devilish incantations should little and little waist and consume, and so like wise the King to wear out of his life. Wherefore being examined & convict, Elinor Cobham was judged to do penance, as to bear a taper iii days, through the chiefest streets of the City of London, and so to be exiled to the isle of Man, under the keeping of sir Thomas Stanley knight, Roger Bolyngbroke was drawn hanged and quartered at Tyburn, Execution. and Margerye jourdemayn the witch, was burnt in Smythfielde. Anno. 20. 1441 Ro. Clopton Draper M. Wil Combis S Richard rich S This year the Town of Deep was besieged by the Lord Talbot, and rescued by the frenchmen. A great fray in Fleetstreet This year was a fray in Fleetstreet between the Inns of Court, and the inhabitants of the same street: which fray began in the night, and continued till the next day, where were many men slain and hurt on both parties. Anno. 21. 1442 john Thirley Irommonger M. Tho. bewmount S Rich. Nordon S Paul's steeple a fire. The steeple of Paul's church in London was set on fire with lightning, and lastly quenched by great diligence of many men: but chief through the labour of a priest of Bow in cheap. Anno. 22. Thomas Carworth Grocer M Nicolas wilford S john Norman S 1443 An act was made by the common coum sail of London, that upon the sunday should no manner of thing within the franchises of the City be bought or sold Anno. 23. Henry Frowicke Mercer M. Stephen Foster S Hugh Wyche S 1444 King Henry by the advice of the earl of Suffolk took to wife Margaret, the kings daughter of Sicily, and refused the daughter of the Earl of Arminake, with whom he had made his first contract: which thing was cause of much misery and trouble in England: as first the losing of Normandy: the division of the lords within the realm, the rebellion of the Commonalty against the Prince: and finally the King deposed, and the Queen with the prince fain to flee the realm. Henry Chicheley bishop of Canturbury died, Alsoulne college & bernard college builded in Oxenford. who in his life time builded two houses for students in the university of Oxenford, called Alsolne college, and bernard college. Anno. 24. 1445 Symond Eyre Draper M. john Derby S Godfrey Filding S Leaden Halle builded. This Simon Eyre afore named, builded the Leaden hall in London, and also a beautiful chapel in the east end of the same: Over the gate whereof was written, as followeth: Dextera Domini exaltavit me, That is to say: The Lords right hand hath exalted me. Whereby be doing so notable a work for the common weal, also left a notable example to other citizens coming after him, whom God likewise exalteth with such temporal blessings, that they be not unthankful to God, and their common weal, wherein they have received them. This year was a peace concluded with France for one year. Anno. 25. 1446 john Only Mercer M. Robert Horn S. Godfrey Boloyne S. Humfrey duke of Gloucester arrested at bury. Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, and protector of England was at the parliament of Bury, arrested, and vi days after he was found dead in his bed: of his death are diverse opinions, which I overpass. He was huryed at Saint Alban's. William Wamflete a man of great devotion, Marry Magdalen college builded in Oxenford. wisdom, and justice, was made bishop of Winchester and chancellor of England: this man to the furtherance of letters, and studious young men, erected the famous college of mary Magdalene in Oxenford. Anno. 26. john Gidney Draper M. William Abraham S. Thomas Scotte S. 1447 This year was taken the town of Fogers from the englishmen, which was the cause that all Normandye was lost after ward. Anno. 27. Stephen Browne Grocer M. William Catlow S. William Marrow S. 1448 This year Rouen was yielded to the French King. Roan yielded to the French Anno. 28. Thomas Chalton M. William Hulyn S. Tho. Canynges S. 1449 The Marquis of Suffolk was banished the land for .v. years, to appease the rumour of the commons of England, for the death of the duke of Gloucester: who sailing toward France, A Murder. was met on the sea by a ship of war, and there presently beheaded, by the capitain called Nicholas of the tower, and the dead corpse cast up at Dover upon the sands the first day of May. A commotion in Kent by jacke Cade on Black heath. The commons of Kent in great number assembled on Black Heath, having to their captain jack Cade, naming himself Mortimer. Against whom the king sent a great army, but by the said captain and rebels they were discomfited, and sir Humphrey Stafford & William his brother with many other slain: After this victory the captain and rebels came to London and cut the ropes of the draw bridge, and entered the city, and struck his sword on London stone, saying: Now is mortimer lord of this city. Upon the third day of july, he caused the lord Say to be brought to the guild Hall of London there to be arraigned. Which before the Kings justices, desired to be tried by his peers but the capitain perceiving his delay, by force took him from the officers, and at the standard in Cheap smote of his head. He also beheaded sir james Cromer at the mylls' end: And pitching these two heads on two poles entered the City: and in despite caused them (being borne before him) in every street to kiss together. After this murder, succeeded open robbery within the City: But the Mayor and other sage Magistrates, perceiving themselves, neither to be sure of goods nor life, determined to expulse this ungracious company, and sent to the Lord Scales, keeper of the tower, who promised his aid, with shooting of ordinance: and matthew Gough was appointed to assist the Mayre: so the captains of the City took upon them in the night to keep the bridge, prohibiting the kentish men to pass. The rebels hearing the bridge to be kept, ran with great force to open that passage: where between both parts was a fierce encounter. The rebels drove the Citelyns from the stoulpes at the bridge foot, to the draw bridge, and set fire in divers houses: In conclusion, the rebels got the draw bridge, and drowned and slew many. This conflict endured till ix of the clock in the morning, in doubtful chance: so that both parts agreed to desist from fight till the next day, upon condition, that neither Londoners should pass into Southwark, nor the Kentishmen in to London. Then the archbishop of Canturbury being Chancellor, with the bishop of Winchester, passed into Southwark, where they showed a general pardon for all offenders, under the kings great seal, which they caused to be proclaimed, whereupon the whole multitude retired home: but through a proclamation being made, that who so could apprehend the said jacke Cade, should have a M. marks, one Alexander Iden found him in a garden, who in his defence slew the said jack Cade and brought his body to London, where his head was set on London bridge. The bishop of Salisbury was murdered by the commons of the west country. Anno. 29. 1450 Nicolas Wiford grocer M Io. Middleton S William Dear S The whole duchy of Normandy was yielded to the french king, by means of the Queen, and the duke of Somerset: which caused so much trouble in England, that mortal war ensued. Anno. 30. William Gregory skinner M Matthew Philip S. Christop. warton S. 1451 A commotion began this year by the duke of York, The duke of York began a commotion. and other noble men, which was appeased for a time, and the malice dissembled. Anno. 31. Godfrey M. Felding M. Richard Lee S. Richard Alley S. 1452 This year the Queen was delivered of a Prince, who was called Edward. Anno. 32. john M. Norman M. Draper M. john Waldern S. Thomas Coke S. 1453 Before this majors year, the Mayor, sheriffs, and commons were wont to ride to Westmynster, when the Mayor should take his charge: but this Mayor was rowed thither by water: For the which, the water men made of him a song, beginning, Row the boat Norman etc. The fire of envy that a good space had covertly smouldered between the Duke of York, and the Duke of Somerset, with other of the queens counsel, at this time broke out in hot and fierce flames of wars. In so much, that between the King, who defended these persons, and the Duke of York, with his allies, A battle at saint Albon. at Saint Albon a cruel battle was fought: In the end whereof, the victory fell to the Duke of York. And on the kings party was slain the Duke of Somerset, the Earl of Northumberlande, the Lord Clyfforde, with many other honourable men knights and squires. After which time, the Duke with great reverence brought the King from Saint Albon to London. Where by a parliament, he was made Protector of the realm, the Cry of Salisbury Chancellor, and the Earl of warwick captain of Calais. Anno. 33. 1454 Stephen Maf. Foster Maf. john Field S. willian Tailor S. This year in London was a great fray at saint martyn's le grand, A great fray in London by sanctuary men by sanctuary men, who issued forth and hurt divers citizens: but it was appeased by the Mayor and other. There was such grievous complaints made thereof to the King by the dean of Saint martin's, that the liberties of the city were in peril to be seized. Anno. 34. William M. Marrow M. Grocer M. john Young S. 1455 Tho. Dulgrave S. By means of the Queen and other lords, A riot in London against the lombards. the duke of York was discharged of his protectorship: which thing was cause of new grudge and malice. A great riot committed in London against the lombards and Italians, because a mercer's servant was cast in prison for striking an Italian. Anno. 35. Thomas M. Caninges M. Grocer M. john Steward S. Ralph Uerney S. 1456 At Erith within xii miles of London were taken four wonderful fishes: Great fishes taken. whereof one was called Mors Marina, the second a sword fish, the other two were whales. A fleet of frenchmen landed at Sandwich, Sandwich spoiled. and spoiled the town with great cruelty. Anno. 36. Godfrey M. 1457 Boleyne M. Mercer M. William Edward S. Tho. Rayner S. A feigned agreement was made between the King, the Queen, and the Duke of York with his retinue: A great procession. for joy whereof, a general procession was celebrated in saint Paul's at London. At which solemn feast, the King in habit royal and his diadem on his head, kept his state in procession: before whom went hand in hand, the Duke of Somerset, the Earl of Salisbury: the Duke of Excester, and the Earl of Warwick: and so one of the one faction, an other of the other sect. And behind the king, the Duke of York led the Queen, with great familiarity to all men's sights. But woe worth dissimulation: for their bodies were joined by hand in hand, whose hearts were far in sunder, as appeared shortly after. Anno. 37. Tho. Scot M Draper M Ralph josselyn S. Rich. Medthan S. 1458 The noble scyenco of printing was found in Germany at Magunce by one john Cuthenbergus, The Science of printing a knight: he found moreover the Ink by his device, that printers used xvi year after printing was found, which was the year of our Lord .1458. one Conradus an almain brought it into Rome: & Nicolas johnson a french man did greatly polish & garnish it. And now it is dispersed through the whole world, as saith Poliedore Virgile. William Caxton mercer of London first brought it into England: about the year of our Lord .1471. and practised the same in the abbey of saint Peter at Westmynster. The Duke of York, the Earls of salisbury and Warwick, with a great host met the King and other lords of England upon Bloreheath near to London: Bloreheathe fyeide. where because Andrew Trollop a captain of Calais, the night before the battle should have been, fled with a company of the best soldiers to the Kings part. The Duke of York, the Earls of March, Salisbury, and warwick, mistrusting themselves to be to weak, departed with a privy company, and fled: The Duke into Ireland, the iii Earls into Gernesey: and after to Calais, without any notable battle. Symond Eyre deceased. This year deceased the famous citesen of London Symond Eyre: Who (as before is said) builded the Leaden hall in London: and in the chapel of the said hall was written in Latin, as followeth in english: The honourable and famous merchant Symond Eire founder of this work, once Mayor of this City, Citizen and draper of the same, departed out of this life, the xviii day of September, the year of the Incarnation of Christ .1459. and the .38. year of the reign of King Henry the vi Anno. 38. 1459 William M. Hulyn M. Fishmonger M. Io. Plummar S. Io. Stocker S. The iii Earls coming from Calais with a pussaunt army, the ix day of julie met King Henry at Northampton, and gave him strong battle. A battle at Northampton In the end whereof the victory fell to the earls, and the kings host was dispersed, chased, and many slain: among which was the Duke of Buckingham, the earl of Shrewesburie, the lord Egremount, with other, and the king taken in the field. The Duke of York returning into England, The Duke of York made claim to the crown. made such claim to the crown, that by consent of a parliament he was proclaimed heir apparent, and all his progeny after him. Margarete the Queen, in this mean time in all haste possible, had gathered a company of Northern men: and near to a town in the North, called Wakefield, in a cruel fight discomfited and slew the Duke of York, A battle as Wakefield. with his son the earl of Rutland, the earl of Salysbury, was taken prisoner with diverse other noble men. Anno. 39 Rich. Lee M. Grocer. M. Rich. fleming S 1460 john Lambard S The Queen with her retinue near saint Albon, The second battle at S. Albon. discomfited the earl of Warwick and the Duke of Norfolk, & delivered king Henry his husband. Edward earl of March, & eldest son to the Duke of York: came up to London with a mighty power of Marchmen, accompanied with the earl of warwick, and by agreement of a council, was proclaimed king of England, and called Edward the fourth: shortly after, he pursued king Henry toward York, where he gave a sore battle to the king and his company. A battle at Sherborn on Palmesondaye. This fight was so cruel and fierce, that in the field and chase were slain xxx thousand of the commons besides men of name: of the which were the earls of Northumberlande, and Westmerlande, the lord Clyfford, Androwe Trollep, and other, to the number of eleven. King Henry the sixth fain to fly the land And king Henry lost all, and was fain to flee the land, when he had reigned eight and thirty years vi months, and four days. And Queen Margaret with the young prince fled to her father the Duke of Angeowe. King Edward the fourth. Anno Regni .1. EDwarde the fourth, 1460 began his dominion over this Realm of England, the fourth day of March, in the year of our lord .1460. and left the same the ix day of April, in the year 1483. so he reigned xxii years one month and five days. He was a man of noble courage, and great wit: but in his time was much trouble and unquietness in the realm. Anno. 1. Hugh Wiche M. john Look. S. 1461 George Ireland. S. This year the Staplers of Calless demanded of king Edward .18. thousand pounds, which they had lent him to maintain his wars against king Henry, but their suit was smally regarded, and lastly denied. Anno. 2. Thomas Coke M. Wil Hampton S 1462 Barth james S Margarete the Queen, and wife to Henry the sixth, landed in England about the beginning of November, but having small succour and evil fortune: was fain to take the seas again, and by tempest of weather, was driven into Scotland. Anno. 3. 1463 matthew Philippe goldsmith M. Robert Basset S Th. Muschampe S The lord Montague, having the rule of the North, A battle at Exham. discomfited king Henry, coming out of scotland with a great power, to recover the crown: this is called the battle of Exhan, in which were taken the Duke of Somerset, the lord Hungerford, the lord Roas, which were after put to death with many other. King Edward secretly married. King Edward was secretly married to Elizabeth Grace, late wife of sir john gray: at which marriage was none present, but the king, his spouse, the Duchess of Bedford, the priest, two gentle women, and a young man to help the priest to mass. For which marriage rose great variance between the king and the earl of Warwick, his chief friend and maintainer. King Henry taken prisoner This year was king Henry taken in a wood in the North country, by one named Cantlowe, and arrested by the earl of Warwick, and presented to the king Edward, and sent to the tower, where he remained long after in the Dungyon. Anno. 4. Ralph josselyn Draper M. john Tate S. 1464 john Stone S. This year the king ordained a new coin, A new coign as the rial, the angel, the half angel, and the farthing: rials were x. s. the angel vi s. viii. d. And the grots were made of less value than they were by viii d. in an ounce. The silver that before was at ii s. viii. d. the ounce, was now enhanced to iii s. iiii. d. the ounce, and fine gold that before was xxx s. the ounce, was now enhanced to xl s. the ounce. And this year was Queen Elizabeth crowned at westminster on whitsunday, or the xxvi day of may. Anno. 5. Ralph Uerney Mercer. M. Sir Hen. Wever S Wil Constantin S 1465 This year the xi day of February, the Queen was delivered of a daughter, who was named Elizabeth. Anno. 6. S. Io. Young Grocer. M. john Brown S 1466 Henry Brice S john Derby Alderman, for that he refused to pay for the carriage away of a dead dog lying at his gate, and for unmeet language, which he gave unto the Mayor, was by a court of Aldermen assessed with the fine of five pound, which he paid every penny. Anno. 7. 1467 Thomas Owlegrave M. Hunf. Heyford S Th. stalbroke S Sir Thomas Cook, alderman of London, was accused of treason, and arraigned of the same, and found not guilty: but yet by reason of the Lord Treasurer, who was not his friend, he was detained in prison, and could not be delivered until he had fined with the king for .8000. pounds which he paid. A great jousts was in Smythfyelde between the lord Scales, and the bastard of Burgoyne. Anno. 8. 1468 Wil Tailor Grocer. M. Simon Smith S. Wil Hariot S. This William Tapler Mayor of London afore named, gave to the city of London certain tenements, for the which the city is bound to pay for ever, at every fifteen to be granted to the king, for all such people as shall dwell in Cordwayner street ward, that shall be sessed at xii d. the piece, or under. Which charitable work ought not to be forgotten, but remain in remembrance to the example of them who are able to do the like. The grudge which the earl of warwick had conceived against king Edward for the foresaid marriage, declared itself openly, so that he adjoined him with the Duke of Clarence the kings brother, and by their means stirred so the Northern men, that they divers times rebelled and turned the king and the realm to much trouble. A battle at Banbery. But shortly the king so demeaned himself, that the rebels were suppressed. Wherefore the earl of Warwych, perceiving his part to be weakened, fled with the duke of Clarence, and other into France. Anno. 9 Rich. Lee Grocer. M. Rich. Gardiner S. 1469 Robert Drop S. The Duke of Clarence, the earls of warwick, Penbroke, and Oxenford, landed at Darthmouth, to whom by means of proclamations, that were published in the name of king Henry, the commons gathered in so great companies, K. Edward's fled into Flanders. that Edward fearing his part, fled into Flaunders to the Duke of Burgoyne. Then was Henry the sixth set at liberty, and again proclaimed king by means of the earl of Warwyck and other, and Edward proclaimed usurper of the crown: but that continued not long. Execution. The earl of Worcester was beheaded at the tower hill, and his body with the head was buried in the black friars church. Anno. 10. 1470 Io. Stockton Mercer M. john Crosby S. john Warde. S. Queen Elizabeth wife to Edward the fourth, being in the sanctuary of westminster, was delivered of a prince, who afterward was Edward the fifth. King Edward being returned out of Flaunders, arrived in the North part of England, with a very small company of soldiers: but by means that he used and through his brother the Duke of Clarence, who turned now to his part, he came so puissant to London that he entered the city, and took king Henry in the bishops palace, and than went against the earl of Warwick, Barnet find on Easter-Day. whom he vanquished and slew with his brother Marquis Mountag●e, on Glademoreheath near Barnet, ten miles from London. Shortly after, at Tewksbury, A battle at Teukesbury. he overthrew Queen Margaret, the wife of Henry. In which battle was taken the said Margaret with Edward the Prince her son, the Duke of Somerset, and divers other. King Edward again received his royalty, and was taken for king, and uncourteously slew prince Edward son of Henry the .6. after he had taken him prisoner: Cruelty. as by smiting him on the face with his gauntlet: after which stroke, his servants suddenly fell upon him, and slew him out of hand: so saith Halle, Fabian, and Raistall. A commotion stirred by the bastard Fawcombrydge, The suburbs without Algate and Byshopsgate burnt. and the commons of Kent, and Essex, who rob and spoiled the suburbs of the city of London, and fired Bishops gate and Algate. Henry the sixth was murdered in the tower of London, Murder. and buried at Chertsey, and after removed to windsor: he founded the College and school at Eton, nigh to windsor. Anno. 11. 1471 William Edward Gro. M. john aleyn S. joh. Chelley S. The earl of Oxenford was sent prisoner to Guynes, where he remained prisoner, so long as Edward the fourth reigned, which was twelve years in all, which time the lady his wife, might never come to him, nor had any thing to live upon, but what people of their charities would give her, or what she got by her needle. Anno. 12. 1472 William Hampton Fyshmon. M. john Browne S Th. Bledlowe. S This Mayor was a good justicer, he punished in his year many Bawds and strumpets, and caused them to ride with ray hoods, and made a pair of Stocks to be set in every ward of the city. Anno. 13. 1473 john Tat Mercer M. William Stocker S Robert Bellisdon S In this year the earl of Excester was found dead in the sea, between Dover and calais. One john Goose, was burned at the tower hill for heresy. Execution ●● tower hill. Anno. 14. Ro. Drop Draper. M. Edmund Shaw S. Thomas Hill S. 1474 This Robert Drop Mayor of London, The conduit in cornhill enlarged. afore named, builded the east end of the conduit in cornhill. King Edward required of his subjects a benevolence, which they gave him, and so he sailed into France with a great army, to aid the Duke of Burgoyne: but by suit of the French king, a peace was concluded for seven years. Anno. 15. Robert Basset Salter. M. Hugh prince S. Ro. colwich S. 1475 This Mayor did sharp correction upon Bakers, for making of light bread, in so much that he set divers of them on the pillory, whose names I pas●e over. And a woman named Agnes dainty, was also there punished for selling of false minged butter. Anno. 16. Rauf josseleyn Dra. M. Rich. Rawfon S. 1476 Wil Horn. A part of London wall new builded. This year by the diligence of this Mayor, the new wall of London, from Creplegate to Byshopsgate, was made as it now is, the Mayor with his company of the Drapers, made all that part betwixt Alballowes church in the same wall and bishops gate, of their own proper costs: and the other companies made the other deal, which was a great work to be done in one year, considering the purveyance of the stuff. Anno. 17. 1477 Humphrey Heyford Goldsmith M. Henry Colet S. john Stocker S. This year the Duke of Clarence second brother to the king, Murder. being prisoner in the tower, was secretly put to death, and drowned in a barrel of malvesey, within the said tower. Anno. 18. 1478 Richard Gardyner Mercer M. Rob. Herding S. Robert Byfeld S. A great pestilence. This year was a great dearth, and also a great death at London, and in dy●ers other parts of this Realm. Anno. 19 Bartholo. james Draper M. Thomas Ilam S. john Warde S. 1479 This Thomas Ilam sheryffe afore named, newly builded the great conduit in Cheap of his own proprecostes. This year at the tower hill were Execution. .4. felons hanged and burned for robbing of a church. Anno. 20. john Brown M. William Daniel S. William Bacon S. 1480 This year the king required great sums of money to be lent him of the citizens of London, who after diverse assemblies granted to lend him .5000. mark, which was repaid again in the next year following. Anno. 21. William Hariate Draper M. Robert ae S Wil Wyking S 1481 Rich. Chawry. S This year the Scots began to stir, against whom king Edward sent the Duke of Gloucester, and divers other, which returned again without any notable battle. Anno. 22. 1482 Edmond shaw goldsmith M. Wil white S. john Matthew S. This Edmund Shaw builded Cripple gate in London. King Edward making great provision for war into France, ended his life the ix of Apryll, in the year of our Lord .1483. when he had reigned .22. years i month and v. days. He was buried at windsor, leaving after him two sons, Edward the prince, & richard Duke of York, with .v. daughters, as Elizabeth that after was queen Cicelie, Anne, Katherine, and Bridget. King Edward the fifth. Anno. 1. 1483 EDward the fift of the age of xi years began his reign over this Realm of England the ix of Apryll, in the year of our Lord .1483. and was murdered by Richard Duke of Gloucester the same year, the .22. day of june. so he reigned .2. months and xi days. This Edward was never crowned, but cruelly murdered by Richard Duke of Gloucester his unnatural uncle: who after usurped the Crown, and was called Richard the third. King Richard the third. Anno Regni .1. RIchard the third brother to Edward the fourth, 1483 through many cruel deeds lastly obtained the Crown of England: first to compass his wicked and devilish purpose: he put to death those noble men, which he thought would not consent to his mind in all things: the other he corrupted with rich gifts: then by his untruth and falsehood, Queen Elisabeth took sanctuary at west minster. he wrested from the queen Elizabeth (being than in sanctuary:) Richard her younger son, and brother to the Prince: Thirdly he caused to be published at Paul's Cross, by one doctor shaw that Edward the fourth, his elder brother was not rightly begotten of his mother, but by adultery: and therefore that neither he, nor his children had right to the Crown: or as some write, he caused to be published, that the prince & his brother were not rightfully begotten of Queen Elizabeth: and therefore the right of the crown to be his, which in fine he took upon him, and to make a perfect work of his cruelty, shortly thereupon shamefully murdered the two young children in the tower of London, Murder. and usurped the crown two years and two months. Anno Regni .1. 1483 Robert Bylisdom Habardasher. M. Tho. Norland S. W. Martin S. Grudge began between king Richard the third, and his near friend the Duke of Buckyngham: in so much that for displeasure thereof, the Duke conspired with divers other noble men against him, and intended to bring into the land Henry earl of Rychmonde, as rightful heir to the crown. This Henry had fled into britain, fearing the cruelty of Edward the fourth: for which conspiracy, the said Duke of Buckingham with divers other, was shortly after taken and put to death. Henry earl of Rychemounte, aided with the britains, intended to arrive in Wales: but his navy was so scattered with a contrary wind, that he was fain to retire back again into britain for that tyme. divers noble men detesting the tyranny of king Richard, fled into Britain. and there adjoined them with the Earl of Richemount. Anno. 2. Thomas Hill Grocer M. Richard Chester S Tho. Britain S 1484 Ralph Astrie S This Thomas Hill builded the conduit in Gracious street. The noble prince Henry earl of Richmount, with a small company of frenchmen, landed at Mylford haven, nigh Pembroke, whose coming when it was heard of in Wales, divers noble men with their retinue, forsaking Richard, gathered to him in great number: so that his strength in short space greatly increased. At a village near to Leicester, called ●osworthe, he met with his enemies; where between them was fought a sharp battle: A battle at Bosworth. In conclusion, king richard with divers other, was slain, and Henry obtained a noble victory: After which conquest, he was immediately crowned king of England in the field: K. Richard slain in the field. and the dead corpse of king Richard was brought to Leycester and there buried at the Grey friars church. King Henry the seventh. Anno Regni .1. 1485 HEnrie the seventh began his reign over this realm of England the .22. day of August in the year of our Lord .1485. and deceased in the year .1509. the xxii day of Apryll: So he reigned xxiii years, and viii months: he was a prince of marvelous wisdom and policy, and of great justice, temperance, and gravity. He so behaved him in the time of his Reign, that not withstanding many and great occasions of trouble unquietness and war. He kept his Realm in right good rule and order. Wherefore he was greatly esteemed & reverenced of foreign princes. Anno. 1. 1485 Hugh Brice M. goldsmith M. john Tate S Io. Swan S This year master Thomas Ilam Alderman of London and merchant of the Staple at calais new made the great Cundite in Cheap, The great conduit in Cheap new builded. of his own goods. The King ordained a numbered of chosen Archers, The first yeomen of the guard. and other strong and hardy persons, to give daily attendance on his person, whom he named yeomen of his guard. This year was the sweating sickness, A sweeting sickness. of the which a wonderful multitude died: and in London besides other there died ii Majors, within viii days, and vi aldermen. This year the beautiful Cross in Cheap was new builded and made. Arnolds' chronicle of London. The Cross in Cheap builded. Toward the building whereof, Thomas fisher mercer, gave vi C. marks. Anno. 2. Sir Henry Colet mercer M. john percival S. 1486 Hugh Clopto● S. This year the king married Elisabeth elder daughter of Edward the fourth: King Henry the vii married lady Elisabeth, daughter to K. Edward the four by which means the two families of York and Lancaster, the which had long caused division, was knit together in one. About this time Francis Lovel, and Humphrey Stafford rebelled in the north: with them was Martin Swart. Which commotion was quieted by the policy of the Duke of Bedford, A battle at Stoke the 16 day of june but not without blood shed: For there was slain the Earl of Lyncoln, the lord Lovel, Martin Swart, & other, above four thousand. And this year was borne prince Arthure, in the month of September. Anno. 3. 1487 William Horn Salter M. john Fenkyll S. willian Remington S. This year was queen Elizabeth crowned at Westmynster upon saint Katherine's day. Anno. 4. 1488 Robert Tate Mercer M. willian Isake S Ralph Tinley S This year was a task of the ten penny of all men's goods and lands: A great tax, the Earl of Northumberlande slain. through which the commons of the north slew the Earl of Northumberlande, wherefore chamberlain their capitain with other was hanged at York. Anno. 5. William white Draper M. willian Capel S 1489 john Broke S This year one Roger Shavelocke slew himself: Desperation. For whole goods was much business between the kings amner and the sheriff. Anuo .6. john matthew mercer M. Henry Coot S. Ro. Revel S. 1490 Hugh Hemberton S. Sir Robert Chamberlain beheaded. Execution. This year the King required a benevolence, which was to him granted toward his journey into France. This year Creplegate of London was new builded at the costs and charges of sir Edmund Shaw goldsmith late Mayor of the same city. Creplegate of London builded. In july was Henry the kings second son, borne at Grenewiche. This year the beautiful conduit in Gracious street, Arnoldes chronicles of London. was begun to be builded: The stone work whereof was finished in the year .1494. The Condite in Gracious street. But the first water ran out thereof, on the xix day of March, in the year .1503. the xix year of Henry the vii and not before. Which conduit was builded at the costs and charges of sir Thomas Hill grocer: as it doth appear by certain verses, written on the same conduit, as hereafter followeth. Thomas Hill knight, late Mayor of this city, with his wife dame Elisabeth, of their charity For the love of God, & weal of the commonalty Of their costs only, this thing did edify, Out of the ground with all things necessary. Anno. 7. 1491 Hugh Clopton mercer M. Tho. Wood S. Wil Brown S. This year king Henry took his voyage into France with a great army to aid the Britons against the french king Anno. 8. 1492 Wil Martin skinner M. Wil Purchas S wil Welbecke S This year was a peace concluded between the kings of England & France, and king Henry returned again into England. A fray in London against the Styliard men. And this year was a fray or riot made upon the Easterlynges or Stillyard men, by Mercer's servants, and other: For the which divers of them were sore punished, and the chief authors were kept long in prison. Anno. 9 Ralph ●stry fish monger M. Robert Fabian S 1493 john wynger S This year wheat was sold for. 6d.. the bushel, Good cheap wheat and bay salt. and bay salt at. iii.d. ob. the bushel. Anno. 10. Rich. Chawry salter M. Nicol. Alwin S. 1494 john warner S. This year was white hearing sold at. xl.d. a barrel being good. Herrynges at three s.iiii.d. the barreli. divers gentlemen in England were appeached of treason, and for favouring the conspiracy of Parkyn Warbeck: of which some were pardoned, and some put to death. Perkyn Warbeck, which by the counsel of Margarete of Burgoyne, Perkyn warbecke. naming himself richard of York: King Edward's second son, arrived in Kente: where he was driven back by the Uplandyshe men, and other of the inhabitants of the country, with the loss of divers of his men: Great execution of .160. persons. and shortly after were hanged an hundred and three score persons of the forenamed Rebels, in diverse and sundry coasts of England. The .v. captains were Mountford, Corbet, Whitebelt, Quintin, and Genyne. Anno. 11. 1495 Sir Henry Colet mercer M. Tho. Kneisworth S Henry Summer S The Scots broke into the north parts of England by the setting on of Perkyn Werbecke, and did much harm to the borderers. Anno. 12. 1496 john Tate mercer M. john Shaw S Rich. Haddon S This john Tate builded saint Anthony's in London: a goodly foundation, as shall hereafter be declared. Where king Henry made preparation for war into Scotland, Black heath ficide. by means of a payment that was granted to the King by act of parliament, a new commotion was made by the Commons of Cornwall: which under the leading of the lord Audeley, with Mighell joseph the Black smith, and divers other came to Black heath, where the king met with them, and discomfited the rebels, Execution. and took their Captains, which were shortly after, drawn, hanged, and quartered: The lord Audeley was beheaded at the tower hill, the xxviii day of june. King Henry sent an army into scotland under the guiding of the Earl of Surrey, and the lord Nevell, which made sharp war upon the Scots. A marriage concluded between prince Arthur, and lady Katherine the kings daughter of spain. Perkyn Werbecke landed again in Cornwall, Perkin Warbeck besiegeth Excetor. and assaulted the town of Excetour and other places: but finally he took the saintuarie of Beaudly, and was after pardoned his life. Anno. 13. William purchase mercer M. Bartholo. Reed S. 1497 Tho. windought S. A peace proclaimed between the kings of England and scotland for the term of both their lives. Perkyn Warbeck endeavoured to steal away secretly out of the land: but he was taken again by his keepers, and by the kings commandment cast in the Tower of London: where after he was showed at westminster, & in Cheap on scaffolds, and stocked, to the great wonderment of many people. This year one Godfrey a carpenter, took down the Weathercock of Paul's and set it up again. Edward Haule. English merchants received with procession. This year the English merchants (being long absent out of Flaunders) coming into Flaunders with merchandise, were received into And warp with general procession: so glad was the town of their returning, which was by their absence sore hindered and impoverished. Anno. 14. 1498 Sir john percival mar. tailor M. Tho. bradbury S Stephen jenins S Execution at saint Thomas watrynges. At saint Thomas Watering a stripling was put to execution, which called himself Edward Earl of warwick, and son of George Duke of Clarence: which George since the beginning of King Henry's reign was kept secretly in the tower of London. S. Antony's church in London builded. This year master john Tate alderman of London began to edify S. Anthony's church in London with a notable free school to the same adjoining, and also one alms house for poor people. The xvi day of july, being sunday, and the next sunday following xii persons bare faggots at Paul's cross. Anno. 15. Nicholas Alwyn mercer M. james wilford S. 1499 Richard Bronde S. This year the xvi day of November was arraigned at Westmynster, Perkin werbecke & other hanged, drawn and quartered at London. Perkyn Warbeck and iii other, which Perkin, and one john a Water, were executed at Tyburn, the xxiii day of the same month of November. Execution at London. And soon after, on the xxviii day of November was the Earl of Warwick put to death at the Tower hill, and one Blewet and Atwood at Tyburn. This year was a great death in London: A great pestilence. Whereof (after Fabyan) died twenty thousand, but after Halle his Chronicle xxx thousand. In may the King and Queen sailed to calais: The king & queen sailed to Calyce. and at saint peter's, they met with the Duke of Burgoyne, Anno. 16. 1500 William Remington Fishmonger M. john Dawes S. willian Stede S. Arnolds' chronicles. Richmonde Baynard's castle & Greenwich builded This year the King builded new his manor at Shene, & changed the name thereof, and named it Richemont: and he builded new his place called Baynard's castle in London, and repaired his place at Grenewiche, with much other building. Sir Edmund de la Poole, Duke of Suffolk, departed secretly: by mean of whom, was like to have been a new insurrection. King Henry trouthplighted his daughter Margaret to james the King of Scots: and the .4. day of October landed at Plymmouth, Katherine daughter of the king of Spain: s. Anthony's church finished. and this year was finished by master Tate the church of saint Anthony's. Anno. 17. 1501 sir john shaw goldsmith M. Sir Lau. Ailmer S Henry Heed S This sir john shaw mayre of London before named, caused the kitchens and other houses of office to be bnylded at the guild hall of London, and since that time the Mayor's feasts hath been there kept: where as before that time they were kept either at the Grocers or the merchant Tailors Halle. On saint Erkenwalds' day, prince Arthur, Prince Arthur married. being but xu year old, was married unto Katherine, daughter to Ferdinando King of Spain, the xiiii of November, arnold. which Arthur shortly after departed this mortal life at Ludlow and was buried at Worcester. The dyche from Thames to Holborn bridge was new cast. Anno. 18. Bartho. Reed Goldsmith M. Henry Keble S 1502 Nico. Nines S In this year began the new work of the Kings chapel at Westmynster, The death of Queen Elisabeth. and Elizabeth Queen of England died at the Tower of London in chyldebed, and was buried at westminster. Shortly after was dame Margarete the Kings daughter, The king of Scots married. married to the King of Scots. This year the fellowship of Tailors in London purchased a grant of the King to be called merchants Tayloures. Anno. 19 1503 sir willian capel Draper M. Christo. Hawes S. Robert wattes S. Tho. Granger S. The xxi day of November, was a dreadful fire upon the north end of London bridge. Fire on London bridge. And upon the vii day of january were certain houses consumed with fire against saint Botulphes church in Thames street: and the xxvii. day of March was an house burned against saint martin's le grand, and the same day was hurt done with fire in the parish of saint Peter the poor. This year was holden a parliament where was ordained a new coin of silver: A new coin as groats, half groats, and shillings with half faces: and in the same parliament was granted to the King the loan of .36000. li. Anno. 20. 1504 john Winger Grocer M. Roger Achilley S William Browne S This year the liberties of the City of London were again confirmed. Anno. 21. Thomas Kneisworth Fishmonger M. Rich. Shore S. Rog. Grove S. 150● This Thomas Kneysworthe Maior of London, The cundite at bishops gate builded. of his own goods, builded the conduit at bishops gate. Moreover, he gave to the company of the Fishmongers, certain tenements, for the which they be bound to find iiii. scholars that study art: two to be at Oxenford, the other two at Cambridge: every of them to have four li. the year for their exhibition. They be bound also to give to xiii aged poor people of their company, to every of them every week. viii.d. & to every of them at Bartylmeutide a winter garment of frise, or such like for ever. And also to give to the prisons of Newgate & Ludgate, every year. xi.ss. whose notable works by him done, are well worthy of remembrance, and to be followed of others. Edmonde dela Poole was conveyed through the city unto the tower of London, and there left as prisoner. This year Philip king of Castille and his wife, The king of Castyle landed in England. were weather driven into England, as they were passing toward Spayn●, who were honourably received by the Earl of Arundel at the kings appointment with iii C. horses all by torchelyght. Anno. 22. 1506 Sir Rich. Haddon mercer M. wil Copinger S Tho. johnson S wil fitz william S Prisoners delivered. This year the king of his goodness delivered out all prisoners in London, which lay for xl s. and under. Anno. 23. 1507 William Brown mercer M. William Butler S. john Kyrkeby S. In the end of April died william Brown mayor, and for him was chosen Laurence Ailemer draper, who served out that year. This year sir William capel was put in suit by the King for certain things by him done in the time of his Mayoralty. Anno. 24. 1503 Stephen Genings M. M. tailor M. Tho. Ermeu S. Rich. Smith S. This year was finished the goodly hospital of the Savoy, The hospital of the Savoy builded. near unto Charing cross, which was a notable foundation for the poor done by king Henry. the seventh. This year died this most noble and famous prince king Henry the seventh which was in the year .1509. the xxii day of April, The new chapel at Westminster builded by king Henry the vii when he had reigned .23. years, and eight months, and was buried at Westminster in the new chapel, which he had caused to be builded: and left behind him Henry prince of Wales, which after him succeeded, lady Margaret queen of Scots, and lady Mary promised to Charles king of Castille. King Henry the eight Anno Regni .1. THe renowned prince Henry the eight, 1509 being xviii years of age, succeeded his father in the governance of this realm, and began his reign the xxii day of April, in the year of our Lord .1509. and deceased in the year .1546. the xxviii day of january: so he reigned .37. years ix months and vi days. Of parsonage he was tall and mighty, in wit and memory excellent: of such majesty tempered with humanity and gentleness, as was comely in so great a prince. Margaret mother to Henry the viii builded ii colleges in Cambridge: and William bishop of Lyncolne builded Brasenos in Oxenford. King Henry married lady Katherine his first wife. King Henry married the lady Katherine late wife to prince Arthure. Richard bishop of Wynchester builded Corpus Christi College in Oxenford. Anno. 1. 1509 Thomas Bradbury mercer M George Monoxe S john Doket S This year sir richard Empson knight, and Edmund Dudley Esquire, who had been great counsellors, to the late king Henry the seventh, were beheaded at the tower hill the xvii day of August: Whose attachment (whereupon followed the execution) was thought to be procured by the malice of them, who with their authority, in the late Kings days were offended, or else to shift the noise of the strait execution of penal statutes in the late Kings days, by punishment of those persons, so saith Halle. This Edmonde Dudley compiled one notable book, and named it the tree of common wealth: The original copy whereof, I have seen, though rudely written, worthy (for the excellency thereof) to be written with letters of gold. A copy whereof, I have given to the right honourable lord, the Earl of Leicester. Sir William Fitz wyllians was disfranchised because he would not be sheriff. This year master doctor Colet dean of Paul's erected a free school in Paul's church yard in London, Paul's school builded. and committed the oversight thereof to the masters and wardens of the company of Mearcers: because himself was borne in London, and son of Henry Colet, who was a Mearcer, and Mayor of London. Anno. 2. Henry Keibell mercer M. john Milborn S john Rest S 1510 Henry, the first son of king Henry the right, was borne on new years day: for joy whereof, a great jousts was kept at Westminster: & on saint Mathewes day following the child died. Anno. 3. 1511 Roger Achiley Draper M. Nico. Shelton S Tho. Mirfyn S King Henry sent the lord Darcy with a goodly company of men into Spain to aid the king his father in law against the moors: but ere he arrived, a peace was concluded between them: wherefore shortly after he returned home again. The same time sir Edward Poynyngs (accompanied with the lord Clinton, and divers other, was sent into Gelderland, with xu C. archers, to aid the prince of Castille, at the request of Margaret Duchess of Savoy, and Regent of Flanders. Sir Edmond Haward and the lord Thomas Haward took Andrew Barton, and .150. Scots, with ii great ships. The king of Scots required his ships that were lately taken to be restored, according to the league: but answer was made by king Henry, that the matter pertained nothing to the league because that Andrew Barton was a pirate, and robber on the seas. The xu day of january was holden a parliament, in the which two fifteens and two tenths of the clergy were granted to aid the king in his wars, that he intended against the French king. Anno. 4. William Copinger fishmonger M. Rob. Holdernes S Rich. Haddon S 1512 Rob. Fenrother S This year was finished the beautiful steeple with the lantern of Bowechurche in cheap. The lord Marques Dorset (with divers other lords and knights) was sent into Spain with an army of .13000. men, who (a good part of the summer) did much harm in Guyon by spoiling the countries. But in winter returned by means of a flux, which fell among his men. Sir Edward Haward admiral of England, with a great navy scoured the seas, and then went toward Britain. King Henry sent forth a navy of xxv ships: among the which the Regent a ship royal was chief. Sir Edward Haward lord admiral of England through his to much hardiness was slain in britain, after whom his brother sir Thomas Hawarde was made admiral by the King. The navies of England and France meeting at Britain Bay, A battle on the sea. fought a cruel battle, in the which the regent of England and a Caricke of France, being crappled together, were burned and their captains with their men all drowned, the english capitain was sir Thomas Kneuet, who had with him 700. men, in the french carrack was sir Piers Morgan with .900. men. Anno 5. 1513 William Brown mercer M. john Dawes S. john Bridges S. Roger Basforde S. King Henry being confederate with the Emperor and the king of spain, passed with a great power into France, where having in wages under his banner the Emperor Maximilian, & all the nobility of Brabant, Flaunders & Holland: he discomfited the whole power of France, Turney and Turwyn. & conquered Turwyn and the great city of Turney. In this time the king of Scots, not withstanding that he was sworn on the sacrament to keep peace, invaded this land with a mighty Army: but by the good diligence of the Queen, and the policy and manhood of the Earl of Surrey the kings lieutenant, he was himself slain, with xi of his earls, and the Scots discomfited, but not without great loss of Englishmen. Before this time the towns about London, Edward Haule. as Islington, Horton, & such other had so enclosed the common fields with hedges and dyches, that neither the young men of the city might shoot, nor the ancient persons walk for their pleasure, except either their bows and arrows were broken or taken away, or the substantial persons arrested or indited, saying: That no Londoner should go out of the city, but in the high ways. This saying sore grieved the Londoners, and suddenly this year a great number of the City, assembled in a morning, & a turner in a fools cote came crying through the city, shovels & spades: & so many people followed, that it was wonder and within a short space all the hedges about the towns were cast down, and the dyches filled, and every thing made plain. The kings counsel hearing of this assembly, came to the grey friars, and sent for the Mayor and counsel of the city to know the cause, which declared to them the noysance done to the citizens, and their commodities and liberties taken from them, though they would not, yet the commonalty which were annoyed would pluck up and remedy the same. When the kings counsel had heard the answer, they dissimuled the matter, and commanded the Mayor to see that no other thing were attempted, and to call home the citizens, which when they had done their enterprise, came home before the kings counsel, and the Mayor departed without any more harm doing: and so after the fields were never hedged. Sir john Wallop burned divers towns and villages in Normandy. Anno. 6. 1514 George Monore Draper M. james Yarforde S. john Mundye S. A peace concluded between England and France, & jews the french king coupled in marriage with lady Mary the kings sister: on new years day following, he ended his life: wherefore king Henry sent again for his sister by the duke of Suffolk and other. This year Richard Hun a merchant tailor of London was found hanged in Lollards' tower. Anno. 7. sir willian Butler grocer M. Henry worley S. Richard Grace S. 1515 William Baily S. Lady Mary king Henry's daughter was borne at Greenwich in February. Lady mary borne at Grenewyche. Lady Mary the kings sister before married to the French king, returned into England: and shortly after was married to the duke of Suffolk. Margaret Queen of Scots, king Henry's eldest sister, fled into England, and lay at Harbottell, where she was delivered of a child, called Margaret. In May she came to London, where she tarried a whole year before she departed into scotland. Anno. 8. john Rest Grocer M. Tho. Seimer S. Rich. Thurston S. 1516 A great frost. This year, was such a frost, that all men with carts might pass between Westminster and Lambeth. All May day. On May even this majors year, the beginning of the ix year of king Henry was an insurrection of young persons, against aliens: of the which divers were put to execution, with their captain john Lincoln, a broker, and the residue came to Westminster with halters about their necks, and were pardoned. This was called Evil May day, whereof ye may read in Edward Hall. And in May the Queen of Scots returned to her country again. Anno. 9 1517 Sir Thomas Erme● Goldsmith M Th. Balorie S. Rich. Simon S. Many died in England of the sweeting sickness, The sweating sickness. and in especially about London: wherefore the term was one day kept at Oxenford, and adjourned again to westminster. The admiral of France came into England as ambassador with a great company of gentlemen. The city of Turney was delivered again into the French kings hand: The City of Turney yielded french. for the which he should pay vi. C. thousand crowns: and for the castle that the king builded four C. thousand and 23000. pounds turnoys. A peace was concluded between the kings of England France and Castille for term of their lives. Anno. 10. Thomas Myrfyn Skinner M. john aleyn S. 1518 james Spencer S. This year the Earl of Surrey was sent into Ireland as deputy, and the Earl of kildare was of his office discharged. Anno. 11. sir james Yarforde Mercer M. john wilkinson S. Nicol. partridge S. 1519 This year was great preparation made for the kings going into France to meet the french king at Arde. As King Henry was at Canterbury with the Queen, in a readiness to have passed the sea, he heard of the Emperors coming, with whom he met at Dover, and accompanied him to Canterbury: where after the Emperor had saluted the queen his aunt: he took shipping into Flanders: the last day of May king Henry passed over to Calais, and met with Francis the French King, at the camp between Arde and Guysnes: where was great triumphs and many goodly sights, in so sumptuous manner, as the like had not been seen. Immediately after he met with the Emperor, with whom he went to Gravelyn, and the emperor returned with him to Calais, where he had great cheer: after which time they departed, and king Henry returned into this realm. Anno. 12. 1520 sir john Bruge Draper M. john Skevington S john Remble S In this majors year the xvii day of May, which was in the .13. year of the King, The duke of Buckingham beheaded. was the duke of Buckyngham beheaded at London for treason: as ye may read at large in Edward Hall his chronicles, the .12. and .13. year of Henry the viii his body with the head was buried at the friar Augustins at London. King Henry wrote a book against Luther, and therefore the bishop of Rome named him defender of the faith. To which book Luther answered very sharply, nothing sparing the authority or majesty of the king. The french King attached all english men's goods at Bordeaux, and detained the kings tribute, and the French queens dower. All frenchmen were attached in the city of London, and cast in prison. The .v. day of july the cardinal road through London to Dover to meet with the Emperor, being accompanied with two. Earls xxxvi knights, a. C. gentlemen viii bishops ten abbots xxx chaplains all in velvet and satin, and .700. yeomen. This year was a great pestilence and death in London, Edward Halle. and other places. Anno. 13. Sir john Milborne Draper M. john Britain S. 152● Tho. Pargeter S. This sir john Mylborne (to his great commendation and the ensample of other the worshipful of this city, builded certain almost houses, wherein be placed xiii aged poor people, who have their dwellings rent free, and also ii shillings vi d. the piece paid to them the first day of every month, for ever. King Henry first nawed defender of the saith. The second day of February, the Cardinal declared, how the bishop of Rome had sent king Henrye the fife of defender of the christian faith, and to his successors for ever. The emperors coming to London. This Charles the fifth Emperor of Rome came into England, and was honourably received into London, by the Mayor, the Aldermen, and commons of the City, the syrt of june, the king himself accompanying him: from thence he went to Wyndsour, and sat in the stall of the garter. At this time was talk between the Emperor and king Henry, for the marriage of Lady Mary the kings daughter, being about the age of vii years, after great feasts jousts and honourable entertainment, he departed to Hampton, and sailed from thence into spain. During this time, the Earl of Surrey Lord admiral brent Morles in Britain, and than retuurned into the Realm. Not long after (having an army appointed to him by the King) he passed over to calais, and entered Pycardye, and brent divers towns and castles. He besieged Hesding, but because winter drew near, he raised his siege, and returned home. The Duke of Albany began to enter this land with a great army: but hearing that the Earl of Shrewesbury was coming, he took a truce for vi. months. Anno. 14. Sir john Mondye goldsmith M. john Rudston S Jo. Champneis S 152● The lord Rosse and lord Dacres of the north, burned the Town of Kelsey in scotland, with four score Uyllages, and also did overthrow eighteen towers of stone, with all their bulwarks. The Emperor Charles King Henry of England. Ferdinando, duke of ostrich, the bishop of Rome, the city of Venice, and divers other in Italy were confederate against the french men. The Rhodes taken by the turks. The Turks besieged Rhodes, and on Christmas day took it, to the great shame and rebuke of Christian men. The lord Marques Dorset warden of the East marches, brent divers villages, holds, and other places in scotland. The king of Denmark came into England. The xu day of june the King of Denmark, and his Queen arrived at Dover, and the xxii day of june, they came to London, and lay at the bishop of Baths place. King Henry by letters complained unto the princes of Germany of Luther, who had written to sharply against him, and desired them that he might not translate the new Testament into the vulgar tongue. Sharp war and often skirmishes between the borderers of England scotland and France. The Earl of Surrey burned .37. villages in Scotland, & despoiled the country from the east marches to the west, and overthrew divers holds and castles. Anno. 15. Sir Tho. Baldrie Mercer. M. Michael English S Nich. Ienyngs S 1523 In December, at the city of Coventry one Philip Schoolmaster to the kings henxmen Christopher Pykering clerk of the Larder, and Anthony Maynuile gentlemen, intended to have taken the kings treasure of his subsidy, as the Colectors of the same came toward London, & therewith to have araised men and taken the Castle of Kylyngworth, and then to have made battle against the king: for the which they were drawn, hanged, and quartered at tyburn. The xi day of February, the rest that were taken were executed at Coventry. The Duke of Suffolk, with many other lords and knights, was sent in to France by king Henry, with an army of .10000. men: who passing the water of Some without battle, took divers towns and castles, and destroyed the country before him. In December he returned again into England. The earl of Surrey brent jedworth in scotland, and took divers holds. The Duke of Albany, besieged the castle of Work, and had in a readiness a great army to invade England, but when he heard the earl of Surrey was coming, he fled back into Scotland. The soldiers of Guynes took a great booty at a fair in the town of Morguyson, and sir Robert jernyngham, and certain demilances of Calais, took divers French prisoners. Anno. 16. 1524 Sir Wil Bailie Draper. M. Ralph Dodmer S William Roche S The first week of Lent, the Lord of Camphier and other, came from the Emperor to king Henry. The bishop of Dunkell and other Ambassadors, came out of Scotland, and a legate from the bishop of Rome, to entreat a peace between England and France. Sir Ralph a Fanwycke, Leonarde Musgrave, and bastard Hearon, were slain in scotland, by to much hardiness in pursuing their enemies: at which time .300. Scots were taken prisoners by the englishmen. Clement bishop of Rome, sent unto king Henry in token of great love, The golden rose sent from Rome. the golden rose, that he useth every year to consecrate before Easter. Great triumph in England for the taking of the French king by the Emperor. The Cardinal obtained licence of the bishop of Rome, The Cardinal first suppressed abbeys to suppress certain abbeys, to the intent to erect two colleges, one at Oxenford, an other at Ipswyche, and to endue than with lands: which colleges he began so sumptuously, that it was not like they would come to good end. King Henry was like to have been drowned by leaping over a ditch in following his hawk. King Henry in jeopardy to have been drowned. This year was the castle or tower, set up at Grenewyche. This year the coin was enhanced in England. The coin enhanced. Luther by the counsel of Christerne king of Demmarck, & certain other, wrote very humble letters unto king Henry of England, acknowledging a fault in himself, that he had written before so sharply unto him: but when the king in his answer blamed Luther much, and noted him of lightness and inconstancy, Luther repented his doing, and wrote that he was deceived when he thought to find john Baptist in princes courts and among them that were arrayed in purple. A murmuring was in all parts of the realm for payment of money, and in Suffolk .4000. men rose against the Duke and other commissioners, which were appeased by the Duke of Norfolk and other. A truce between England & France for a certain space, and Ambassadors were sent into Denmark for restoring of their king (which was then in England) but the Danes would grant nothing, they did hate him so extremely for his cruelty. Anno. 17. 1525 Sir john Allen Mer. M. john Calton. S. Christ. Askew S. The xi day of February being shrofe sunday, five men of the Styliarde, did penance, three of them bare faggots at Paul's, and two of them bare tapers of wax. And an Austen friar, called doctor Barnes of cambridge, bore a faggot at Paul's the same day, and there was present at that time the lord Cardinal with a xi bishops, the bishop of Rochester made the sermon against Martin Luther and his doctrine. The same year the vi day of September, The gold enhanced. was a proclamation for gold, the French crown was valued at four s. vi. d the Angel at. vii.ss. vi. d. the Ryall at. xi.s.iii.d. and so every piece after that value. Anno. 18. sir Tho. Seymer Mercer M. Ste. Peacock S 1526 Nich. Lambert S The third day of july, which was in the xix year of king Henry, the lord cardinal of England with great pomp road thorough Cheap, and so toward France, where he concluded a league between king Henry and the French king, which both sent their defiance to the Emperor, and a strong army into Italy, to deliver the bishop, & drive the emperors power out of that country. The great master of France, came to London with great triumph, for the conclusion of the ●ornamed league. The xu day of july, was one Harman drawn from newgate to tyburn, Execution at Tyburn. and there hanged for coyninge of false gold. Also in july and August, was the sleweis made in Fynsebury field, to convey the ill waters over the town ditch by pipes of lead into the river of Thames. Great scarcity of bread. In the same year was such scarcity of bread at London, and all England, that many people died for default thereof. And the bread carts that came from Stratforde to London, were met by the way at miles end by the citizens of London, that the lord Mayor and sheriffs of London, were fain to go and rescue the said bread carts, and see them brought to the markets appointed for the same. Anno. 19 1527 Sir james Spencer Uyntener. M. john Hardy S. Wyl. Hollis S. General peace proclaimed. The first day of November, the lord cardinal with the Ambassadors of France, were at Paul's, & there was proclaimed a general peace between king Henry of England and Frances the French king, during their lives, & a twelne months and a day after. The viii day of December, three scholars of Cambridge, & one Forster a gentleman of the court, bare faggots at Paul's. The fifth day of january, the Cardinal with many bishops, abbots, and prior's, went a procession at Paul's, General procession. and sang Le deum, for the escaping of the Pope from the Emperor. The xiii day of january, was a great fire at Andrew Moris' key in Thames street, Fire in Thames street. and at an other key by it, where was much harm done. This year a french Crayer of xxx ton, being manned with xxxviii french men, A ship chased to the tower wharf. and a flemish crayer of xxviii ton and xxiiii flemings, meeting at Margate, the one chased the other along the river of Thames to the tower wharf of London: where sir Edmond Walsyngham, lieutenant of the Tower, stayed them both, and took both the captains and their men. The seven. day of April, the lord master of the Rhodes, came to London and lay at saint johnes in Smythfielde. The .17. day of june, the term was adjourned to Mighelmas after, A sweeting sickness. because of the sweating sickness that then reigned in London, & other places of this Realm. This year because of the sweating sickness there was no such watch in London at Midsummer, as beforetime had hem accustomed. The seven. day of October, came to londom a legate from Rome, A legate came from Rome. called Cardinal Campegius, who afterward with Cardinal Wolsey, sat at the Black friars in London, where before them was brought in question the kings marriage with Queen Katherine, as to be unlawful, but they long time protracted the conclusion of the matter, which delay king Henry took very displeasantly: in so much that shortly after, the Cardinal Wolsey was deposed from the Chauncelorshyp of England, etc. as ye may read in Edward Haule. Anno. 20. 1528 S. john Rudstone Draper. M. Ra. warren S. john Long S. The xxix day of November, the parish priest of honey lane, and a young man that some time was usher of saint Anthony's school, bare faggots at Paul's, and two other, one a ducheman, the other an englishman, bare tapers of ware. The viii day of May, a pouchmaker bore a faggot at Paul's. The vi day of September, one john Scot woodmonger did penance in Cheap, and other places of the city, going in his shirt bore legged & bare footed, and proclamation made at the standard, at Leden hall, & at Erace church upon his demeanour against the Mayor Aldermen, and the sheriffs. The xviii day of October, was the cardinal discharged of his Chauncelorshyp, The Cardinal discharged of the chauncelorshyp. & the king seized all his goods and his palace at Westmynster, called York place into his hands, and the 25. day of the same month, the Cardinal went from York place to Ashere with thirty. persons and no more, and there to abide till he knew further the kings pleasure. The xxvi day of October, S. Thomas More made chancellor. was sir Thomas More made chancellor of England, and sworn & kept his room all one day. William Tyndale translated the new testament into english, The new testament printed in english. and printed the same beyond the seas. A peace was agreed upon, between king Henry of England, the Emperor, the French king, the king of Boheme, and Hungary. The third day of October, the king came to his place of Brydewell, A parliament at the Blackfriars. and there he and his nobles put on their robes of parliament, & so came to the black friars, and there sat in their robes, & began the parliament. Anno. 21. 1529 Sir Ralph Dodmer Mercer M. Mich. Dormer S Wal. Champion S Commandment was given by king Henry to the bishops, that Tyndales translation of the new testament should be called in, and that they should see an other set forth to the profit of the people. Fire in the Uyntrie. The xiii. day of january, was a great fire in the Uintry, and much hurt done. Execution at the tower hill The .24. day of january were iii men one a Gascoigne, and two Irish men, drawn from newgate to the tower hill, and there hanged and quartered, for counterfeiting the kings coin. Execution in Finsbury field. The xvi day of May, was a gibbet set up in Fynsbury field, and a man hanged in chains for murdering doctor miles vicar of saint Brides. Execution. The .v. day of july, was one hanged in chains in Fynsbury field, for murdering mistress knevet's maid at saint Antolins' parish. To send to the court of Rome forbidden. King Henry, upon occasion of delay that the bishop of Rome made in his controversy of divorcement, & through displeasure of such reports as he heard made of him, by the Cardinals to the court of Rome, and thirdly pricked forward by some councillors, to follow the example of the germans: lastly caused proclamation to be made in September, forbidding all his subjects to purchase any manner of thing from the court of Rome Anno. 22. sir Th. Pargitour Salter M. wil Dauncie S 1530 I. chopping S The .v. day of April, was a cook named Richard Rose, One boiled in Smythfield. boiled in a cauldron of brass in Smythfield, for poisoning the bishop of Rochester's servants & other. The Cardinal being before cast & convict in a praemunire: The cardinal deceased. in November was arrested by the earl of Northumberland at Cawood, and died at the abbey of Leicester, the .28 day of November, & was there buried, as he should have been brought to the tower of London. The whole clergy of England, The Clergy condemned in the praemunire being judged by the kings learned counsel, to be in the praemunire, for maintaining the power legative of the Cardinal, were called by process into the kings bench to answer: wherefore in their convocation, they concluded a submission, The king first named supreme head. wherein they called the king supreme head of the church of England, and were contented to give the king .100000. pounds to pardon them their offences, touching the praemunire by act of parliament. The kings palace builded at S. james This year the king purchased (at his pleasure) the whole house of saint james and all the meadows about the same. And there made a fair mansion and a park, and builded many costly and commodious houses for great pleasure. The xix day of August, the bishop of Norwich burned a bachelor of law called Thomas Bilney. The xxii day of October, one Paitmer a merchant and a glazier, bare faggots at Paul's cross. Anno. 23. 1531 S. Nich. Lambert Grocer. M. Ri. Gresham S Ed. Altam. S Execution in Smythfield. The xxvii day of November, was a monk of Bury burned in Smithfielde. Execution at Tybornd. The four day of December, was one Rice Grifyn a gentleman of Wales, beheaded at the tower hill, and his man hanged drawn and quartered at Tyburn for treason. The xxvii day of january, a Duche man bore a faggot at Paul's cross. Execution in Smithfield. The last day of April, was one Baynam burned in Smithfield. The xxv day of May, Great fishes taken. was taken between London and Grenewiche, two great fishes called Herlpoles, both a male and a female. This year, The Clergy sworn to the king. the oath that the clergy was wont to make to the bishop of Rome, was made doyde by statute, and a new oath confirmed, wherein they confessed the king to be supreme head. Sir Thomas More, S. Thomas More discharged of the chancelorshyp. after suit made was discharged of the Chauncelorshyp the xvi day of may. And the fourth of june, the king dubbed Thomas Audeley knight, and made him keeper of the great seal. And not long after, lord chancellor of England. Thomas Cromwell master of the kings jewel house, S. Thomas Cromwell. began to be in great favour with king Henry, & was now of his counsel. The xv day of june, Execution at the tower hill were five men drawn from newgate to the tower hill, and there hanged and quartered for coining of silver, and clipping of gold. The fifth day of july, was a priest dwelling at saint andrew's beside the wardrobe, Execution at the tower hill drawn from newgate to the tower hill, and there hanged and quartered for clipping of gold. The priory of Crichurche put down. Also in july, the king put down the priory of Chrichurche in London, and all the Canons of the same place: the king sent to other places of the same Religion. The tower of London repaired. This year in August and September, the king repaired the tower of London, and made there much building. The first of September, was my lady Anne Bulleyne, made Marquis of Penbroke at Wyndsore. The vii day of October, the king went to Caleys and to Bulloyne, and came over again the xiii day of November following. Anno. 24. 1532 Sir Steven Peacock Haberda. M. Rich. Rainold S. john Martin S. Nich. Pynchon S. The xu day of December, Great fire at Holborn. was a great fire at the bishop of lyncoln's place in Holborn, which did much hurt. Haule the famous chronicler, common Sergeant of London. The xvii day of March, was Edward Haule gentleman of Gray'S Inn, chosen to be common sergeant of the city of London. Which Edward Haule made the notable book of Chronicles. The ten day of April, was a dole given at saint Marie Audries in Southwark: Four men ii women and a boy smouldered. at the which was so much press of poor people, that there was smouldered iiii. men ii women, & a boy stark dead. This year on saint Erkenwaldes day king Henry had married the lady Anne Bulloyne at Caleyce, King Henry married the lady Anne Boleyne. and the xii day of April being Easter eve, next following, she was proclaimed Queen of England. The .12. day of May, one Paviar being the town clerk of London, Desperation. hong himself. This year on Whitsonday, being the last day of May, Queen Anne crowned. was the lady Anne Bulleyn solemnly & honourably crowned at Westminster. The xvii day of july, were two merchants slain on the water of Thames toward Westminster, A murder. by one Wolf & his wife, who suffered for the same, as ye shall here after. The .7. day of September, was the lady Elizabeth daughter to king Henry, Lady Elizabeth born. borne at Greenwich, & there christened at the friars church the ten day of September. The .5. day of October, was a great fire at Baynard's castle, A fire at Bernard's castle & did great hurt. The .24. day of October, being sunday there was a scaffold set up at Paul's cross and thereon stood a nun, Anne Barton. named Anne Barton of Courtopstrete beside Canterbury, and two Monks of Canterbury, and two observant friars, and the parson of Aldermary in London called master Gold: an other priest-confessour to the said nun, and two lay men: and there preached at that time the bishop of Bangor, called the abbot of Hyde, where he showed their offences, and so from thence they were sent to the tower of London. Anno. 25. 1533 sir Christoper Askew Draper. M. Wil Forman S. Tho. Kitson. S. This year Pope Clement cursed king Henry and the realm of England. This curse was hanged on a church-door at Dunkirk in Flaunders, and taken down by one William Locke, a Mercer of London. A great fish taken. The xxviii day of january, was a great fish taken at Blackwall, called a whale, and was brought up to westminster to the king to see, & so brought down to broken wharf, and there cut out. Commissioners were sent all over England, to take the oath of all persons to the act of succession, An oath to the king. for the refusal of which oath, doctor fisher bishop of Rochester, & sir Thomas More late lord Chancellor of England were sent to the tower of London. The first day of April were Wolf and his wife hanged on two gybets, Wolf & his wife hanged at Lambeth. at the turning tree in Lambeth marsh, for murdering of the two merchant strangers afore named. The twenty day of April were ii monks of Canturbery ii observant friars, Execution at Tyburn. the person of Aldermary in London, and the Nun called the holy Maid of Courtopstrete in Kent: all these were drawn from the tower of London unto Tyburn, and there hanged and beheaded, and their heads set on London bridge, and other gates of the City of London, and their bodies buried. The twenty day of April all the crafts and companies in London were sworn to the King, Oath to the king. and to the Queen Anne, and their heirs. The xxvi year of the kings reign, the xu day of May was a great fire at Salter's hall in Breadstrete, and much harm done. The .v. day of june were all servants and apprentices of the age of .20. years, or above, sworn to the King, and Queen Anne his wife, and to the issue of them. Lord Dacres of the north. The ix day of july was the lord Dacres of the north, arraigned at Westminster of high treason, where he so wittyly and directly confuted his accusers, that to their great shame he was found by his peers, not guilty. Edward Halle. john Frith brent in smithfielde. The xxii day of july, was one john Frith a young man of excellent wit and learning, burned in Smythfield for his opinions concerning the sacrament, and with him a young man called Andrew Hewet a tailors servant. The xi day of August was all the places of the observant Friars, Friar houses suppressed as Grenewyche, Canterbury, Rychmounte, Newarke, and new castle put down, and Austen Friars set in their places, and the same observants were put in places of grey friars. The xiii day of August was a great fire at Temple bar, A fire at temple bar. and much hurt done, and certain persons burned. The xvi day of August was burned the kings stable at Charing cross otherwise called the mews, The kings stable brent. wherein was burned many great horses, & great store of hay. The xxi day of September doctor tailor, Master Thomas Cromwell master of the Rolls. master of the Rolls was discharged, and for him master Thomas Cromwell was appointed and sworn, the ix day of October, who afterward bore great rule. Anno. 26. Sir john Champneis skinner M Nicol. Lewson S. Wil Denham S. 1534 In November was held a parliament wherein the bishop of Rome with all his authority was clean banished this realm, The bishops of Rome's authority abrogated. and commandment given, that he should no more be called Pope, but bishop of Rome, & that the king should be reputed and taken as supreme heads of the Church of England, having full authority to reform all errors, heresies and abuses in the same. The first fruits given to the king. Also the first fruits and tenths of all spiritual dignities and promotions, were granted to king Henry by act of parliament. The xxix day of April, the prior of the Charter house of London, the prior of Beval, the prior of Exham, and a brother of the same called master Reignoldes, and a priest called master john Hail, vicar of Thistilworth were all condemned of treason, and judged at westminster to be drawn, Execution at Tyburn. hanged and quartered at Tyburn, who were there executed the fourth day of May, and their heads and quarters set on the gates of the city of London, and at the Charter house of London was set one quarter. The viii day of May the king commanded all about his court to poll their heads, Polled heads & to give them ensample, he caused his own head to be polled likewise. The xxv day of May was a great examination of heretics, Examination of Hollanders. borne in Holland, there was examined xix men, and vi women of the same country borne. The second day of june Edward Halle the famous Chronicler was chosen an under sheriff of London by the Mayor and common counsel, Master Halle under sheriff of London. who was before the common sergeant of London as is aforesaid. The four day of june a man and his wife borne in Holland were burned in Smithfield for the arrians heresy. Execution in Smythfield. The xviii day of june were iii monks of the Charterhouse, Execution at Tyburn. named Ermewe, Midlemor, & Nudygate, drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. The xxii day of june was doctor fisher bishop of Rochester, The bishop of Rochester beheaded. beheaded at tower hill, his head was set on London bridge, and his body buried within Barking church. The vi day of july sir Thomas More was beheaded at the tower hill for denial of the kings supremacy. Sir Thomas Moor beheaded. The earl of Kyldar died in the tower of London: and his son Thomas Fitzgarret, rebelling in Ireland, slew the bishop of Develing, and took the kings ordinance. Wherefore king Henry sent thither sir William Skevington, with a company of soldiers. In October the king sent doctor Lee to visit the abbeys, A visitation of the abbeys priories and nunneries in England, & to put out all religious persons that would go, and all that were under the age of xxiiii years, and all such monks, canons, & friars that were so put out, the abbot or prior should give every one in stead of their habit, a priests gown, and xl s. of money. And the nuns to have such apparel, as secular women wear, and to go where they would, he took out of monasteries and abbeys their relics and chiefest jewels. Anno. 27. 1535 sir john Alleyne mercer M. Hunfr. Monmothe S john Cottes S A general procession. The xi day of November was a great procession at London by the kings commandment, wherein the waits of the City going foremost, followed the children of the grammar school of the mercer's chapel with their master, the scholars of Saint Antony's with their master and usher, the scholars of Paul's school, with their master & usher, & then all the minstrels of London in their best apparel, and the master of the said minstrels, with his collar next went the crouched friars, the Austen friars, the white friars, the grey friars, the black friars, all in copes, with their crosses and Candelsticks: The canons of saint Mary Auderies, of saint Bartholomewes', of Esing Spittle, of saint spittle, with the priors of the same houses, with their Crosses, candlesticks, and vergerers before them, than the clerks of London in copes, the priests of London in their copes. And then the Monks of new abbey, of Berdmondsay abbey, and of Westminster, all singing the Litany with Faburden, their Crosses, candlesticks, and Uergerers before them. After them came Paul's quire with their residensaries, The bishop of London, and the abbots mytered in their Pontificalibus. After them came the Bachelors of the company of the lord Mayor in their best apparel: After them, the Lord Maior in a gown of black velvet, with a hood of the same, and the aldermen in their gowns of scarlet: after them the crafts of London in their degrees: The numbered of copes that were worn in this Procession, was vii C. and xiiii The last day of December, the Lord Maior of London gave commandment to all parishes in the same, The names of all chantries taken. to bring in before him the names of all the chantries in their parishes, and who had the gift of the same. Lady Katherine deceased. The viii day of januarie died lady Katherine do wager at Kymbalton, and was buried at Peterborowe. Queen Anne ware yellow for the mourning. The small houses of religion given to the king. In February were given to the king by a parliament with the consent of the abbots all religious houses that were of .300. mark, and under. On May day being the xxviii year of king Henry, he being at a jousts at Grenewiche, to the admiration of all men, suddenly departed to Westmynster, having only with him vi persons. The next day lady Anne Bullein Queen was had to the tower: Edward Halle. and there for things laid to her charge, shortly after beheaded the xix day of May. Execution. And on the ascension day following, the king ware white for mourning. The same time were apprehended the lord Rocheforde brother to the said Queen, Execution. Henry Noris, Mark Smeton william Brierton, and Francis weston all of the kings privy chamber, which also about matters touching the Queen were put to death the xxii day of may. The week before whitsontyde being the .20. day of may, the king married Lady jane daughter to sir john Seymor knight, The king married lady jane. which at Whytsontide was openly showed as Queen. The viii day of june the King held his high court of parliament. In the which parliament time the bishops & clergy of this realm held a solemn convocation at Paul's church in London: where after much disputing and debating of many matters, they published a book of religion, entitled, Articles devised by the kings highness. In this book is specially mentioned but iii sacraments, A commotion in Lincolneshyre. with the which the Lincolneshice men were offended, and fearing the utter subversion of their old religion, which they had lived in so many years, raised a great commotion, and gathered together well near .20000. men: against whom the king did send a strong power, whereof when the rebels had knowledge they desired pardon, broke up their army, and departed every man to his home: but their captains were apprehended & executed. This year the xix day of june being saint Peter's day, the king held a great jousting and triumph at Westmynster, A triumph at westminster. where were ordained ii lighters made like ships to fight upon the water, the one of them burst in the midst, and a servant of master Kneuets in his harness, leaping between both ships, was drowned. And in the other ship a gun burst her chamber, and maimed ii of the mariners. The men of Lincolnshyre being pacified and quieted, as ye have heard: immediately within six days after, began a new Insurrection in yorkshire, A commotion in yorkshire. for the same causes: But the rude people were more incensed thorough tales which were spread by certain persons, as that all their silver Chalices, Crosses, ●ewelles, and other ornaments should be taken out of their churches. That no man should be married, or eat any dainty meat in his house, but he should pay a tribute for the same to the king. These people were gathered together, to the number of forty thousand, having for their badges, the .v. wounds, with the figure of the Sacrament, and jesus written in the midst, and called their rebellion, a holy pilgrimage, in token that they intended to fight for the maintenance of christian religion. Anno. 28. Sir Ralph Warren Mercer M. Rich. Paget S. 1536 Will. Bowyer S. The xii day of November, sir Thomas Neweman bore a faggot at Paul's Cross for that he sang Mass withgood ale. The xiii day of November, one master Roberte Pagyngton, Master Pagyngton slain a Mercer of London, was slain with a gun, as he was going to Mass at saynet Thomas of Akers, now called the Mercer's chapel, but the murderer was never openly known. Against the rebels of yorkshire above named, the King sent the duke of Norfolk, the Duke of Suffolk, the Marquis of Excester, and other with a great army, by whom after the day and place was appointed to fight, suddenly the night before the battle should have been, the water that was between them, rose in such wise, that the two armies could not come together, by occasion whereof, the captains of both parties had communication of peace: and promise was made to the rebels, that such things as they were grieved with, should be redressed by the kings authority, wherewith they being contented (by the providence of God, departed without bloodshedding. Ask that was chief of this rebellion, in December came to London, and was not only pardoned, but also received and rewarded with other gifts of the king, but he did not long enjoy his prosperity. Execution at windsor. About the same time a priest & aboucher were hanged at wyndsor, for speaking in the behalf of the yorkshire men. A great frost. This year in Decembre the Thames at London was all over frozen: Wherefore the king with his beautiful spouse Queen jane road through London to Grenewyche. Execution at Tyburn. The third day of Februarye was Thomas Fitzgarret late Earl of kildare, and five of his uncles, drawn, hanged, and quartered at Tyburn for Treason. Also in this month of February Nicolas Musgrave, A new commotion in yorkshire. Thomas Gilby, and other, steered a new rebellion, and besieged the City of Carlisle, from whence they were driven, and many of them taken and put to death. In the same month of February, sir Francis Bygot, sir Robert Constable, and other, began an other conspiracy, and for the same were attainted, and executed in the month of june. The xxix day of March being Mandy thursday, Execution at tyburn. were xii men of Lincoln drawn from Newgate to Tyborn: and there hanged and quartered .v. were priests, and vii were lay men: one was doctor Makerel, a white canon, an other was the vicar of Louth in Lincolneshyre. The .15. day of May, in the .29. year of Henry the viii the lord Darcy and the lord Hussey were had from the tower of London, unto Westminster, & there condemned of treason. In june the Lord Darcye, Execution for treason. the lord Hussy, sir Robert Constable, sir Thomas percy, sir Francis Bigot, sir Stephen Hamelton, sir john Bulmer & his wife, William Lomley, Nicholas Tempest, & the abbots of jerney and Rivers, & Robert Ask were all put to death: sir Roberte Constable was hanged on Beverley gates, Ask was hanged in chains on a tower at York: Sir john bulmer's wife burned in Smithfield, the lord Darcie beheaded at Tower hill, the lord Hussey at Lincoln, and the other suffered death at Tyburn. Cromwell knight of the garter. This year at the feast of saint George the lord Cromwell was made knight of the Garter. The birth of prince Edward. In October on saint Edward's eve, was borne at Hampton court, the noble Prince Edward, and shortly after, Queen jane left her life, the .14. day of October. Anno. 29. 1537 Sir Rich. Gresham Mercer M. john Gresham S. Tho. Lewen S. The viii day of November the corpse of the Queen was carried to Windsor, and buried with great solemnity. The kings majesty kept his Christmas at Grenewyche in his mourning apparel, and so was all the court till the morrow after Candelmas day. The xviii day of january a salter of London was set on the pillory for packing and selling of rotten herring, and using of false weights. The xviii day of February a servant of my lady Pargetours was drawn, Execution at tyburn. hanged, and quartered for clipping of gold. The xxv day of February sir Allyn a priest and a gentleman were drawn to Tyborn, Execution at tyburn. and there hanged and quartered for treason. The xxi day of March Henry Harffam customer of Plymmouth was drawn from Newgate to Tyburn, Execution at Tyburn. and there hanged and quartered for treason. And one Thomas Ewell likewise was hanged and quartered. The xxii day of May in the .30. year of Henry the viii friar Forest was hanged and brent in Smithfield for denying the kings supremacy: Execution in Smythfield. with him was brent the Image of Daruell Gathern of Wales. The xxvii day of may was a great fire at saint Margaret Pattens called Rood Lane, A fire in Rode lane. where were many houses burned: and ix persons were there burned to death in that fire. In july was Edmonde Conyngslie attainted of treason for counterfeiting of the kings sign manuel. And in August was Edward Clyfforde for the same cause attainted, Execution at tyburn. and both put to execution as traitors at Tyburn. The hangman hanged. The first day of September being the sunday after Bartilmew fair was one Cratwell hangman of London, and two persons more hanged at the wrestling place on the backside of Clerkenwell beside London, for robbing of a bouthe in Bartylmewe fair: at which execution was above .20000. people, as it was judged. Edward Halle. The images in churches taken down In September by the special motion of the lord Cromwell, all the notable images, unto the which were made any special pilgrimages and offerings were utterly taken away, as the Images of Walsyngham, Ipswyche, Worcester, the Lady of wilsedon, with many other and likewise all shrines. The abbeys suppressed. In October and November the abbeys were suppressed, & all friars, monks canons, nuns, and other sects of religion, were rooted out of this realm. Anno. 30. Sir Wil Forman Haberda. M. Wil Wilkinson S 1538 Nicho. Gybson S This Nicholas Gibson sheriff and Grocer of London afore named, build a free school at Ratclyffe, near unto London, appointing to the same school for the instruction of lx poor men's children in learning and virtuous education, a school master and an usher, with a stipend of ten pound by the year to the master, and vi pound. xiii.ss. iiii.d. to the Usher. He also builded certain alms houses, adjoining to the said school, for xiiii. poor and aged persons, such as through impotency and age are not able to sustain the travel and toil of the world: who quarterly do receive vi. s. viii.d. a piece for ever. And the said worshipful and devout gentleman, during his life, disdained not in his own person, many times to visit them. Adding to their living in the time of his abode and house keeping there, relief of his own board: whereby appeared the great zeal he bore to the relief of the poor, and not only by words (after the manner of many in these days,) but in works, he manifested the fruits of charity, according to such example as many of his predecessors had left to the posterity. And like as of his own free liberality he hath begun this commendable monument, I mean the maintenance of this poor house of christ: so I pray that some of his successors, or other of ability will add to the same some further relief and increase of living, whereby (in these dear days wherein things be at great prices) not only learning, the honour of all common wealths, but also those needy & impotent persons, may be better furnished of necessaries. The friars in London suppressed. The xvi day of November, was the Black friars in London suppressed, and the next day the white friars, the next day the gray friars, and the Monks of the Charterhouse, and so all the other immediately after. Lambert burnt in smythfield. The xxii day of November, was one john Nycholson, otherwise Lambert a priest, burnt in Smythfielde. Also in November, were Henry Marquis of Excester, and earl of Devonshire, and sir Henry Pole knight, the lord Montague, and sir Edward Nevell, brother to the lord of Burganysent to the tower. The two lords were arraigned the last day of December at Westminster, before the lord Audley of Walden, lord chancellor, & high steward of England, & there found guilty: the third day after, was arraigned sir Edward Nevell, sir Geffray Pole, & two priests called Croftes and colyns, & one Holland a mariner, and all attainted, & the ix. day of December, were the said two lords and sir Edward Nevel beheaded at the tower hill: Execution at the tower hill the two priesies & Holland were drawn to tyburn and there hanged and quartered, and sir jeffray Pole was pardoned. The .22. day of December, a priest, Henry Dance a Brycklayer, & an Organ maker, bare faggots at Paul's cross. On Ashwensday, Execution in Paul's churchyard. were john johnes, john potter, & William Manering; hanged in the prince's liveries (because they were the prince's servants) on the south side of Paul's churchyard, for killing of Roger Cholmeley Esquire in the same place of malice pretended. The third day of March, was sir Nicholas Carewe of Bedington in Surrey, Execution at lower hill. knight of the gartar, and master of the kings horse, beheaded at tower hill. The third day of March, the king created at Westmynster, sir William Pawlet knight, treasurer of his household Lord saint john: and sir john russel controller of his household, lord russel. The same time, the king caused all the havens to be fortified, and road to Dover, and sent commissioners through out all the Realm, to have his people muster: and at the same season on Easter day, was there ix unknown ships lying in the downs, wherefore all Kent arose, and mustered in harness the same day. The xxviii day of Apryll, being in the xxxi year of Henry the eight, began a parliament at Westmynster: in the which Margaret Countess of Salisbury Gertrude wife to the Marquis of Excester, Execution. Reinold Pole, sir Adrian Foskewe, and Thomas Dingley knight of saint Ihons', and divers other, were attainted of treason: Folkewe and Dingley were beheaded the ten day of july. The great mustar at London. This year, the viii day of May, the citizens of London mustered at the miles end, all in bright harness, with coats of white silk, and cloth and chains of gold, in three great battles, the number was xu thousand, beside wyffelers and other waiters: who in goodly order passed through London to Westmynster, and so through the sanctuary, and round about the park of S. james: and so up through the field, and came home through Holborn. The viii day of july, Execution at S. Thomas Watering. the vicar of Wandsworth, with his chaplain, and his servant, and friar Wayre, were all four drawn from the Marshalsey, unto saint Thomas a waterings, and there hanged and quartered for treason. In August, the great Only & Odonele of Ireland, invaded the english pale, and burned almost twenty miles within the same: wherefore the Lord gray being deputy there, assembled a strong power and drove him back. The xvi day of September, Duke Frederick of bavarie, the Palsgrave of Rhine, the Marshal of duke john, Frederick elector of Saxony, with other, came to London, by whom the marriage was concluded between king Henry & the lady Anne, sister to William the Duke of Cleve. Anno. 31. 1539 Sir William Hollis Mercer. M. Tho. Feyrie S. Th. Huntlow S. This Thomas Huntlow shrive, before named, gave to the company of the Habardashers certain tenements, for that which they be bound to give to ten poor alms people of the same company every one of them viii d. every friday, for ever. And also at every quarter dinner to be kept by the masters of the same company, to be genen to every one of those ten poor people before named, a penny lose of bread, a pottle of ale, a piece of beef, worth .4. d. in a platter with porridge, and .4. d. in money. Execution at reading. The .14. day of November, Hugh Feryngdon, abbot of Reding, & ii priests: the one called Rug, & the other named Onion, were attainted of high treason, for denying the king to be supreme head of the church, were drawn, hanged, & quartered at reading. The same days was Richard Whiting abbot of Glastonbury, likewise attainted, hanged and quartered on tower hill beside his Monastery, Execution at the tower hill. for the same cause. Execution. The first day of December, was john Beche, abbot of Colchester, put to execution for the like offence. In December, The pensioners first began. were appointed to wait on the kings highness person .50. gentlemen, called pensioners or spears, like as they were in the first year of the king. The third day of january, was the lady Anne of Cleve, King Henry married the lady Anne of Cleve. received at Black heath, and brought to Grenewych with great triumph: and the sixth day of the same month, she was married to king Henry. The .18. day of Apryl, Thomas Cronwell earl of Essex. was Thomas lord Cromwell, created earl of Essex, & made great chamberlain of England, which ever the earls of Oxenford had before that tyme. In A parliament which began the xviii. day of Apryll, The order of the Rhodes put down in England. the religion of S. johnes in England, which of most men was named the knights of the Rhodes, was dissolved, whereof hearing sir William Weston knight, Edward Haule. prior of S. Ihones, for thought died on the Ascension day, being the fifth day of May. In may, the xxxii year of his reign was sent to the tower, doctor Wilson & doctor Samson bishop of Chichester, for releving certain prisoners, which denied the king's supremacy: and for the same offence, was one Richard Farmer Gro. of London, a rich and a wealthy man, and of good estimation, Edward Haule. committed to the Marshalsey, and after in Westmynster hall was arraigned and attainted in the praemunire, and lost all his goods. Thomas Cronwell sent to the tower, and be headed at tower hyil. The ix day of july, Thomas lord Cromwell, late made Earl of Essex, being in the counsel chamber, was suddenly apprehended, and committed to the tower of London. The xix day of the same month, he was attainted by parliament, and never came to his answer: which law, he was the author of, he was there attainted of heresy and high treason. And the xxviii day of july, beheaded at the tower hill, with the lord Hungerforde. Queen Anne divorced and called lady Anne of cleave King Henry by authority of parliament & convocation, was divorced from his pretenced marriage made with the lady Anne of Cleve: and it was enacted that she should be taken no more as Queen, but called, the lady Anne of Cleve. Execution both in smithfielde and at Tyburn. The xxx day of july, Robert Barnes, Thomas Gerrard, William Jerome priests, were burned in Smythfield. The same day, Thomas Abel, Edward powel, and Richard Fetherstone, were drawn hanged and quartered, for denying the king to be supreme head of the church of England. The fourth day of August, Execution at Tyburn. were drawn from the tower to tyburn, six persons, & one led between two sergeants, and there hanged and quartered: one was the Prior of Dancaster, an other a Monk of the Charterhouse of London, master Gyles Horn, a monk of Westmynster, one Philpot, & one Carewe, and a friar, all were put to death for treason. This year the ditches about London were new cast. The viii day of August, was the lady Katherine Haward showed openly as Queen, King Henry married lady Katherine Hawarde. at Hampton court: which dignity she enjoyed not long. The latter end of this year was great death of hot burning agues & flixes, & such a drought, A great drought that wells and small rivers were dried up, and many cattle died for lack of water: the salt water flowed above London bridge. Anno. 32. Sir Wyl. Roche Draper M. Wyl. Laxton S. 1540 Mart. Bowes S. Execution. The xxii day of December, was Egerton and Harman, put to death for counterfeiting the kings great seal. In other commotion in yorkshire. In April, the .33. year of Henry the eight, certain priests and lay men, began a new rebellion in yorkshire, which were shortly taken and put to execution in divers places: of which Leigh Tatorsale and Thornton, were put to death at London the .28. day of may: Execution. and sir john Nevel knight, was executed at York. The same day the countess of Salisbury, was beheaded in the tower of London, Edward Halle. she was the last of the right line and name of Plantagenet. Execution at Grenewiche. The ix day of june, were Damport and Chapman, two of the kings guard hanged at Greenwich, for robberies, in example of all other. Execution at the tower hill. The xxviii day of june, the lord Leonard Gray, which before was deputy general of Ireland, was beheaded at the tower hill, for certain treason which he had committed. Execution at S. Thomas of waterings The .28. day of june, were hanged at S. Thomas a waterynges, mantel, Royden and Froudes, gentlemen, for a spoil and murder that they had done in one of the kings parks upon May morning, the lord Dacres of the South, being in company with them: and on the morrow which was saint Peter's day, the lord Dacres was led from the tower a foot between the two sheriffs, through the city to tyburn, Execution at tyburn. and there put to death for the same offence. This summer the king took his progress to York. The kings progress into York. The first day of july, was a Welsheman drawn, Execution. hanged, and quartered, for prophesying the king's majesties death. Anno. 33. Sir Michael Dormer Mercer M. sir Roland Hil S 1541 Henry Suckley S The lady Katherine Haward, whom the king had married, for her unchaste living committed with thomas Culpeper & Francis Dereham, was by parliament attainted. Culpeper and Dereham, were put to death at tyburn, Execution at tyburn. the x. day of December. The xiii. day of February, were beheaded within the tower, Execution at tower hill. the lady Hawarde (otherwise called Q. Katherine, john Sleidan and the lady Rocheforde. And shortly after, king Henry married the lady Katherine Parr, King Henry married his sixth wife. that had been wife to the lord Latimer, & sister of the Marquis of Northampton. King Henry first named king of Ireland. At this parliament the king was proclaimed king of Ireland, which name his, predecessors never had, but were called lord of Ireland. In the beginning of March, died sir Arthur Plantagenet, Uicecounte Lis●e, bastard to king Edward the fourth, in the tower of London unattainted. I maid boiled in Smithfielde. The ten day of March, a maid was boiled in Smythfielde, for poisoning many persons. In May, the xxxiiii year of his reign king Henry took a loan of money of all such as were above the value of .50. pound and upward. The fourth day of july, the Scots began to invade the borders, spoiling & burning, as it had been in open war: for which cause a garrison was sent thither, than the Scots pretended a peace, and yet nevertheless in the mean space spoiled the borders. In revengement whereof, sir Robert Bows made a road into Scotland, where he with other were taken without putting to ransom. Then the king sent the Duke of Norfolk with an army royal, but at York the army was stayed. And after long consultation, the Scots would not agree to any reasonable conditions, wherefore the Duke went forward, burning and wasting all the marches, and there tarried without any battle proffered by the king of Scots, until the midst of November following. Anno. 34. Io. Coates Sal. M. Hen. Hoblethorn S. 1542 Hen. Hancotes S. After the departure of our army from Scotland, the king of Scots made a road into England, and did much harm: but at the last, sir Thomas Wharton, and sir Wyliyam Musgrave, with a few of the borderers, met with the Scots on saint Katheryns' eve, the xxiiii of November, where (by the great power of God) they being in number .15000. were overthrown, in which conflict was taken the lord Maxwel, the earls of Glencarne and Sassilles, with all the captains of the army. And on saint Thomas even the apostle, they were brought to the tower of London, where they lay that night: the next day following, they were by the kings charge appareled all in silk, and road through the city to Westmynster, where they were sworn to be true prisoners, and then were they delivered to the custody of diverse noble men, which honourably entertained them. Execution for slaying an Herald. In this season, an Harold of England riding on the borders side to do a message, was met by certain rebels, which cruelly against all law of arms, slew him in his cote armour, but they for this deed, were sent to the king the year following, who executed them for the offence. At newyears' tide, the Scots that were taken by Carlyle, were by the king sent home again with great gifts upon condition to agree to certain articles, for the wealth of both Realms. The third day of june, in the .35. year of Henry the eight, the Abrine a lord in Ireland, with divers of the wild irish submitted them to king Henry. And in july, the said Abrine was created Earl of Clawricarde. The going to Laundersey. This year in july, king Henry sent over .6000. men to Landersey, whether also came the Emperor in proper person with a great army, and shortly after came down the French king in proper person with a great army, and offered to give battle to the Emperor, by reason whereof the siege was raised. The .28. day of july, Execution at Wyndsore. were burnt at Wyndsore three persons, Anthony person, Robert Testwood, & Henry Filmer. This year was a great death in London of the pestilence: A great pestilence. & therefore Mighelmas term was adjourned to saint Albon, and there was kept to the end. Anno. 35. Sir Wil Bowyer Draper. M. john Toules S 154● Rich. Dobbes S Sir William Bowyer deceased the xiii. day of April, about Easter, and sir Ralph Warren, served out the residue of that year. The beginning of this majors year, that is to say, at Alhallontyde, a road was made into Scotland by the garrison there, who burned .60. villages, and took great preys both of men & beasts. In November, the englishmen that were sent to Laundersey, came home again. A little before Christmas, the viceroy of Sicill, came from the Emperor to king Henry in Ambassade, of whom he was honourably entertained, & shortly returned again. This year being leap year, chanced four Eclipses, Four eclipses in one year one of the Son the xxiiii day of january, and three of the moon: a strange thing, and such as had not happened since the time of Charles the great. In the beginning of lent, lord Edward Seymer earl of Hertforde, was made lieutenant of the north parts, and sent thither with an army, for the defence of that country. Execution at Tyburn. The beginning of March, Germine Gardyner, Lark parson of Chelsey beside London, and Syngleton, were executed at Tyburn, for denying the king to be supreme head of the church: and shortly one Ashbee was likewise executed for the same. The xxii day of March, the lord Admiral with a great navy, departed from the port of London towards scotland. Houses blown up with gunpowder. The fourth day of Apryll, a gone powder house called the black swan, standing upon east smythfielde, was blown up with other houses nigh adjoining: and therein were burned five men, a boy, and a woman. Upon May even, in the .36. year of Henry the eight, died the lord Thomas Audeley high Chancellor of England: After whom succeeded lord Thomas Writhesley. Upon May day the navy sent by the Lord admiral, which until this time had no good wind, took their voyage into scotland from Tynmouth: with whom was the lord Edward Seymor Earl of Hertford, the kings lieutenant and general captain of the army, which the fourth day of May arrived at Lyth, Lyth and Edinburgh taken. the haven of Edinburgh, and took the town of Lyth, and spoiled it: after which they made toward Edenboroughe, where at a certain bridge the Scots had laid their ordinance: but by the policy and manhood of our captains and soldiers, the Scots ordinance was won, and discharged against themselves, and thereby were put to flight: after this, the town of Edinburgh sent unto the army, pretending to deliver the town upon certain conditions, to the behoof of our King: But when the army entered, they were invaded by them: for which cause the Town was destroyed, and clean wasted. King Henry and the Emperor agreed jointly to invade the realm of France with two great powers. About this time king Henry made great provision for a voyage into France. The coins enhanced. A proclamation made, enhancing the value of gold to the rate of. xlviii.ss. and silver to four shillings the ounce. It is to be noted, that at this time the king caused to be coined the base moneys, The base money coined. which was called down the fifth year of Edward the vi and called in the second year of Queen Elizabeth. After the whitsun holy days, the Duke of Norfolk, and the Lord privy seal, with a great army took their voyage into France, and besieged Mutterell, where they lay until the King had won Boloygne: Not long after, the Duke of Suffolk with many other noble men passed the seas, and encamped before Boulogne on the East side. King Henry went to Boulogne. The xiiii. day of july king Henry himself with a goodly company passed from Dover to calais, and the .26. day encamped on the north side of Boloygne: after whose coming the town was so sore battered with gonneshott, and certain of their Towers being undermined so shaken with force of gun powder, that after a months siege the captain sent word to the king, that he would yield the town to his behoof, upon condition that all which were within might depart with bag and baggage: Boulogne won. which conditions King Henry mercifully granted, and the Bulleynors departed one and other to the numbered of .4454. The xxv day of Septembre the king entered into high Boulogne, with the nobility of his realm, and the trumpets blowing, that it rejoiced all the whole host to hear. The first day of October king Henry departed from Boulogne toward Dover: and at his going, he dubbed four knights at the water side. Ambassadors were sent both from the Emperor and the french King for peace to King Henry: but for so much as he would not give up Boulogne, nothing was concluded. The ix day of October in the night the french men came unwares uponth english men in base Boulogne, and slew of them a great number. Howe beit they were shortly chased from thence, and the base town holden after in good quiet. Anno. 36. 1544 William Laxton grocer Mai. john Wilford S. Andrew judde S. This year was taken by the Kings ships of the west country, and of the English coast, the numbered of .300. french ships, and more. The xxvi day of january, there camped on the west side of Boulogne, beyond the haven, an army of frenchmen, to the number of xviii thousand, and lay there ten days, and the vi day of February, they were all put to flight, by the Earl of Hertforde, and the lord admiral then being Lord deputy of Boulogne. The vii day of june in the .37. year of king Henry the viii a great army of Frenchmen came near to the haven of Bulleyne, and skirmished with the englishmen: and this army began to build a fort, which before they departed, they did accomplish. The French king prepared ii great armies against the Englishmen, one by sea, an other by land, that upon the sea was above .200. ships beside galley: This navy made show divers times to have landed in the Isle of wight, at Portesmouth, and other where: but ever they perceived such provision made by king Henry, that nothing was done worthy memory, but that their sort by Boloine was in the mean time finished. word was brought that the french men intended to land in the Isle of Wight. Wherefore the king went to Portesmouthe. The king went to Portsmouth, where was drowned the Mary Rose At which time of the kings abode there, a goodly ship of England called the Mary Rose, with sir George Carewe the captain, and many other gentlemen, were drowned in the midst of the haven, by great negligence and folly. Certain french men landed in the Isle of Wight, frenchmen landed at the isle of Wight but they were driven away with loss of their captain, and many soldiers. In August the lord Edward Seymor earl of Hertforde was sent by the King into Scotland, with an army of xii. thousand men, where he destroyed divers towns, and the middle marches and greatly endamaged the Scots. This year in August died Charles duke of Suffolk, a very noble gentleman, and full of activity. This year the xii day of September the Church of saint Gyles without Creplegate was brent. Saint Gyles church brent. Anno. 37. 1545 sir Martin Bowes goldsmith M. George barns S Ralph aleyn S The xxiiii day of November a parliament begun at Westminster, where was granted to the King a subsidy of. ii.s. viii.d. of the pound of movable goods, and four shillings the pound in lands to be paid in two year, and all Colleges, chantries, Chantries given to King Henry. and hospitals were committed to the kings order during his life, to alter and transpose, which he promised to do to the glory of God, and the common profit of the realm. About this time the Lord admiral landed in Normandye, and brent the suburbs of Traiport, & divers villages along the sea coast, and destroyed and took almost all the ships in the haven, which was a rich and a goodly pray, & so returned without any damage. Mounsyre de Bees invaded the english pale beside Gravelyn. King Henry sent the lord Edward Seymour Earl of Hertforde, and the Lord lisle high Admiral with a company of vii thousand men to prevent the Frenchmen, which intended to build an other fort at S. john's Road, at which time they entered into the haven two days before the frenchmen had appointed to be there, and so defeated them of their purpose. Often skirmishes were between the English garrisons in Bulleyne, & the French fort, greatly to the loss of both parts, and at one time especially were slain sixteen English gentlemen and .80. other, and sew or none of the frenchmen. The stews & other like borthell houses were by the king's commandment put down in all parts of the realm. The stews put down. The .24. day of December the kings majesty came into the parliament house, to give his royal assent to such acts as there had passed: where was made unto him by the speaker, an eloquent oration, which the king himself did very eloquently and wittyly answer. In February should a woman have been burned in Smithfield, for clipping of gold, but the Kings pardon came, she being at the stake ready to be burned. In Aprille were divers assemblies made to entreat a peace between England and France, but as yet took none effect. This .38. year of Henry the viii the citizens of London, levied in the City two fifteens for the conveyance of more water to the City: and then was the Cunduites at Algate, The conduit at Algate and Lothberye builded. and at Lothbery begun to be builded. And the cunduites at bishops gate, was taken down, and set lower as it now standeth. A general procession in Loudon. This year the xiii day of june, being Whytsonday, a continual peace was proclaimed in the City of London between the king of England and the French King, with a solemn Procession, at the time of proclamation, giving laud and praise to God: and at night throughout the City, great bonfyers were made. The xxvii day of june doctor Crome recanted at Paul's Crosse. The xvi day of july were burned in Smithfielde these four persons, Anne Askewe gentylwomanne, Execution in Smythfield. john Lasselles gentylmanne. Nicholas Otterden Priest, and john Handlande tailor: And Doctor Shaxton sometime bishop of Salisbury, preached at the same fire, and recanted his opinion, persuading them to do the like but they would not. The xxi day of August, The aduryra●t of France landed at the tower wharf. came into England to do his duty from the French King, Mounsyre Deneball high admiral of France, with great Triumph, and also brought with him the Sacre of deep, and xii. galley well beseen in divers points, and landed at London at the tower wharf, where he was honourably received with many nobles and peers of this Royalme, with great shooting of guns, and so brought to the bishop of London's palace, and laid there two nights. On Monday the xxiii. day of August, he road to Hampton Court, where the King lay: and before he came there, Prince Edward received him with a company of five hundred coats of velvet: and the prince's livery were with sleeves of clothe of gold, and half the coat embroidered with gold. And there were to the number of eight hundred horses royally appareled, which brought him to the manor of Hampton court to the prudent Prince his father, and queen Katherine. Anno. 38. 1546. Henry Noble-thorne merchant tailor M. Rich. jarbis S. Th. Curtise S. Execution at tower hill. In januarie Thomas Duke of Norfolk was sent to the tower of London; and condemned to perpetual prison. And shortly after his son the Earl of Surrey was condemned, and beheaded the xix day of januarie. These things being done about the end of januarie, King Henry departed out of this life: appointings his first heir to be his young son prince Edward, and the second lady Mary his daughter by his first wife Queen Katherine, and the third, Lady Elisabeth by his second wife Queen Anne Boulogne. Edward the sixth. Anno Regni .1. THe gracious prince Edward the sixth, 1546 began his reign the xxviii. day of januarie, in the year .1546. when he was but ix years old. He deceased in the year .1553. the vi day of july, so he reigned vi years .v. months and viii. days, by his father's will were appointed xvi governors and overseers of this young prince, the chief whereof, was his uncle Earl of Hertforde, who by the consent of the residue, shortly after was made Duke of Sommersette, and proclaimed protector of the King and realm. The xix day of February, he road solemnly with his uncle, sir Edward Seymour Lord Governor and protector, Duke of Somersette, with the nobility of the realm, from the tower to Westmynster, through the City, which was richly hunged with coverlettes and carpets of tapistry and arras, Cheap being richly hanged with cloth of gold and silver, every cundite running with wine: with pageants, being richly appareled to receive him at every place, with Orations of his praise: And on the Southesyde of Paul's churchyard, S. Paul's church lay at anchor. an Argosy came from the Battilment of Paul's church, upon a Cable, being made fast to an anchor, at the Deans gate, lying upon his breast, aiding himself neither with hand nor foot, and after ascended to the midst of the same Cable, and tumbled and played many pretty toys, whereat the King with the nobles of the Realm laughed right heartily. The five and twenty day of Februarye, he was crowned King at Westmynster with great solemnity. In the month of March sir Andrew Dudley Vice admiral, with the Paunce and the Heart, being but single manned, had a great conflict with three scottish ships, being double manned, and obtained the victory, and took many prisoners, and brought the ships into Orwelle Haven, where they did remain. The Lord Protectoure with the rest of the Counsel, Images commanded to be taken down. sent Commissioners into all parts of the Realm, willing them to take all Images out of their Churches for the avoiding of Idolatry, with them were sent divers preachers, to persuade the people from their beads, and such like. At the same time, Procession was commanded to be no more used: Procession forbidden to be used And shortly after was a parliament, wherein beside other things, chantries were given into the Kings hands, The chantries given to the king to be used at his pleasure. And also an order taken for the use of the lords supper, that it should be in both kinds of bread and wine. This year in August, the Duke Somersette and the Earl of Warwick with a noble army were sent into scotland: and near to Edinburgh at a place called Muskelboroughe, Muskleborough field. the englishmen and Scots met, where between them was fought a cruel battle: The victory (by the only providence of God) fell to the English men, and the Scots were slain (as writeth master Patten in his book) above xiiii thousand, Paten. and taken prisoners of lords, knights, and gentlemen xu C. Anno. 1. 1547 Sir john Gresham mercer M. Thomas white S. Robert Chersey S. This second year of king Edward the vi the watch which in London had been used at midsummer, Anno .2. and of long time before had been laid down, was now again used, both on the even of saint john at Midsummer, and on the even of saint Peter next following, in as beautiful manner, and in as good order, as it had been accustomed before tyme. The last day of july, Stephen Gardyner bishop of Winchester, was for a sermon made before king Edward, and the Counsel, with the nobility sent to the tower of London, where he remained all this kings reign. This year in London was great mortality by the pestilence. A great pestilence. Wherefore a commawndement was given to all Curates, and other, having to do therewith, that no corpse should be buried before vi of the clock in the morning, nor after vi of the clock at night, and that there should at the burying of every corpse be rung one bell at the least, the space of three quarters of an hour. Anno. 2. sir Henry Amcottes fishmonger M. William Locke S. 1548 john Olive S. Sir Thomas Seimour high Admiral of England, brother to the Lord Protector, and the Kings uncle, had married Queen Katherine late wife to King Henry, she conceiving a stomach against the Lord Protectors wife. And there upon also in the behalf of their wives, displeasure and grudge began between the two brothers, which at the length broke out to the trouble of the whole realm, and the confusion of them both: For the twenty day of March, in the third year of Edward the syrt, Anno .3. was the lord admiral beheaded at Tower hill. Execution at tower hill And it was then said of many, the fall of the one brother, would be the ruin of the other, as afterward it happened. This year about Whitsuntide, and so forth until September, the commons in most part of this realm, Commotion in Cornwall & devonshire mads sundry insurrections and commotions. Amongst whom, divers of the commons of Cornwall and devonshire, rose against the nobles and gentlemen: and in sundry Camps besieged the town of Excester, which was valiantly defended. Also they of Norfolk and Suffolk encamped themselves in a wood, Commotion at Norwiche called saint Nycholas wood, near unto Norwiche, declaring themselves to be grieved with parks, pastures, and enclosures made by the gentlemen: who required the same to be disparked & set among the commons. They of devonshire did not only require that, but also their old religion, and the art of sire articles to be restored. Into devonshire against Humphrey Arundel and his rebels, was sent the lord russel, lord privy seal, with a number of soldiers. The lord Gray was also sent with a number of strangers, which were horsemen, where in divers conflicts they slew many people, and spoiled that country. Into Norfolk against captain Kite a Tanner, and his company, sir john Dudley earl of warwick, went with an army: where both he himself and a great number of gentlemen that were with him, meeting with the rebels, were in such danger, as they had thought all to have died in the place: but God that confoundeth the purpose of rebels, brought it so to pass, that as well there as in all other places, they were partly by power constrained, partly by promise of their pardon persuaded to submit themselves to their prince, and delivered their chief captains to punishment, but yet after the loss of many thousands of Englishmen. The king of France perceiving such sedition and trouble in England, as is before mentioned: and taking grievously the loss of Bulleyne, did not omit the occasion, but in the mean time, assaulted certain holds about the town, builded of the englishmen for the defence of the same, and namely took the fort called new haven, and thereby much endamaged the english garrison that lay at Bulleyne. The loss of this was laid to the lord Protector, because he having the chief government of the Realm, did not see those parts better furnished: in conclusion the Earl of warwick as chief, with the consent of other nobles of the Realm, by open proclamation accused him of misgovernment, as well in this as in divers other matters. The Duke of Somerset sent to the tower of London Wherefore when he fled with the young king to Wyndsour castle, they caused him to be set from thence, and brought as a traitor to the tower of London, the xiiii day of October. Anno. 3. Sir Roland Hill Mercer M. john York S. 1549 Rich. Turk S. This sir Roland hill, to the great praise of his vocation, and to the singular comfort of the weal public of his country, erected many notable monuments and good deeds, which here are not to be unremembered, so many at the least as be come to my knowledge, to the intent that like as such (without doubt) be immortalised in the everlasting world, they may not also be forgotten in this transitory passage, where they be used and practised, as well to the relief of the poor, as to the great commodity of travelers, and maintenance of learning, which amongs other be these. At his costs and charges he caused to be made a causye, commonly called overlane pavement, in the high way from Stone to Nantwiche, in length four miles, for horse and man safely to pass with also divers lanes on both sides the same causye: he caused likewise a causye to be made from Dunchurche to Bransen in Warwickshyre, more than two miles of length, and gave twenty pound in money toward making of a bridge, called Roytten bridge, three miles from Coventry. He made the high way to Kylborne, near unto London: he made four bridges, two of them of stone, containing xviii. arches in them both: the one of them over the river of Severne, called Acham bridge, the other turn bridge, for that the water of Terne runneth under it, the other two of timbar at Stoke, & built new a good part of Stoke church. Moreover he builded one notable free school in Drayton in shropshire, of continuamnce for ever, with master & Ushar, and sufficient stipends for them both, besides convenient lodgings for the the same: and one yearly rend to maintain and repair the same school house and other the rooms for ever. For the maintenance whereof he hath assured lands to the parish of Drayton, of .22. pound by the year: he also purchased a free fair to the said town, with a free marked weakly, and a free market for cattle every xiiii days. He gave to the Hospital of Christ's church in London, in his life time five hundred pound in ready money, and one hundred pounds at his decease, to the poor of the same city of London, beside the finding of certain scholars at the universities of Oxenford and cambridge, and students in the Inns of court. etc. Upon a sunday being the xix day of january, A murder committed by Charles Gavaro. were murdered in London between Newgate and Smythfielde, two captains that had served the king in his wars at Bulleyne, and other where: the one was called Gamba, the other Filicirga, both Spaniards: this murder was committed by Charles Gavaro a Fleming, who came in post from Barwyke to London to do that act. And being hanged for the same with his three men in Smythfielde, Execution in Smithfielde. said at his death, he would never repent it: they were all four hanged on the friday next after, which was the xxv day of january. The xxvii day of january, Execution at Tyburn. Humphrey Arundel captain of the rebels in devonshire, was hanged, drawn, and quartered at tyburn, with divers other, as Wynslade, Holmes, & Bery, etc. About the same time, Robert kite captain of them that rose in Norfolk together with his brother William, was condemned and sent to Norwiche, where the said Robert was hanged in chains upon the top of Norwyche castle. The two captains, Arundel and Kite, were brought to London about one time: and so was the prophecy fulfilled, that they and their company had great affiance and trust in: that is, that they should meet at London, which they interpreted to prosperity as conquerors and not to punishment as traitors. Anno. reg. 4 About the beginning of February, in the fourth year of Edward the sixth, the Ambassadors of England and France, consulted of a peace to be had between both Realms, which after was concluded. The Duke of Somerset delivered. The vi day of February, the Duke of Somerset king Edward's uncle, was delivered out of the tower, & the same night be supped with the earl of Warwick at the sheriffs house called master York. The ten day of February, One Bel a Suffolk man, was drawn from the tower to tyburn, Execution at tyburn. and there hanged and quartered for moving a new rebellion in Suffolk and Esser. On monday, being the last day of March, a general peace was proclaimed between the kings of England and France, & in the same peace were included the Emperor & the Scots. The .25. day of April, Bulloyne yielded to the french king. the town of Bulleyn was yielded up unto the French king, and his captains took the possession, which was so great comfort to the Frenchemen, that at their entering of the town, many of them kneeled down and kissed the stones of the streets. The two. day of May, joane Butcher burnt in Smythfield. one joane Knel, otherwise called joane Butcher, or jone of Kent, was burned in Smithfield for heresy, that Christ took no flesh of the virgin Mary, but passed through her body as through a conduct. Not long after, certain lewd persons attempted a new rebellion in some part of Kent, but they were soon repressed, & certain of the chief, as Richard Lion, Goddard Gorran, and Richard Ireland, Execution. were apprehended and put to death for the same, the xiiii day of May. Anno. 4. sir Andrew jud Skin. M. August. Hind S 1550 john Lion S This sir Andrew judde (afore named) erected one notable school at Tunbrydge in Kent, wherein be brought up and nourished in good learning, great store of youth, as well bred in that shire as brought from other countries adjoining. A noble act, and correspondent to those that have been done by like worshipful men and other in old time, within the same city of London. This year upon a thursday, being the xvii day of December, the Thames beneath the bridge did ebb & flow three times within ix hours: and the same day & time, the bishop of Wynchester (who had lain in the tower from the morrow after saint Peter's day, the first year of Edward the sixth, was brought unto Lambyth by water, before the bishop of Canterbury, & other the kings commissioners, where were objected unto him certain articles on the kings behalf, and day assigned him to answer. Tho. Coper. The xxiiii day of january, was a parliament held at Westmynster, and was continued until the xu of April. At this time besides divers other things, it was enacted that priests children should be legitimate. Anno reg. v. This year on saint Valentins day, being the fifth year of Edward the sixth, at Feversham in Kent, A murder at Feversham. one Arden a gentleman, was killed by the consent of his own wife. For this act, just punishment was afterward taken upon those that were the doers and consenters to the same. The wife herself was burned at Canterbury the xiiii day of March, the same day two other were hanged in chains at Feversham, and a woman brent: Mosby and his sister, Execution. were hanged in Smithfielde at London. And Black will the ruffian that was hired to do the act, after his first escape, Execution at Flyshing. was apprehended and burnt on a scaffold at Flyshing in Sealande. The xiiii day of February, being saturday, D. Stephen Gardiner bishop of Wynchester, was deprived of his bishopric, and so committed to the tower again. Into his place was translated doctor poignet, who before was bishop of Rochester. The .24. day of Apryll, being Frydaie, An Aryan burned in Smythfield. a duche man was burned in Smithfielde for heresy, who held the detestable opinion of the Arrians. The viii day of may, a proclamation was made, that from and after the last day of August than next ensuing, our shilling of the value of xii d. should be currant but for ix d. and a groat for three pence: by reason of which proclamation ensued great dearth of all things, for the people coveting to raise the loss of their money, upon such kind of wares or victual as they occupied, did daily enhance the price, most miserably appressing the poor. An earthquake. The .25. day may, being Monday, between the hours of eleven and one of the clock at after noon, was an earthquake of half a quarter of an hour long at Blechynglye, at Godstone, at Croyden, at Albery, & at divers other places in Southery & Myddlesexe. The ix day of july, being thursday, the foresaid proclamation, which was appointed to take effect the last day of August next coming (by reason of the infaciable covetousness of the people, oppressing the poor) was shortened unto this present day, and took effect immediately upon the publishing of the same, which was done between ix & ten of the clock before noon, The first fall of the money. so that immediately, a shilling went for ix pennies, and a groat for iii d. and no word spoken of the small money, as pennies & half groats, by reason whereof, there was no small money to be gotten to give the poor people. The sweeting sickness begun in London the viii day of july, A sweating sickness. & the x day of july it was most vehement: which was so terrible, that people being in best health were suddenly taken, and dead in xxiiii hours, or xii or less, for lack of skill in guiding them in their sweat. And it is to be noted, that this mortality fell chief or rather only on men, and those also of the best age, as between xxx and xi. years of age: also it followed English men, as well within the Realm as in strange countries: wherefore this nation was much afeard of it, and for the time began to repent, and remember God, from whom the plague might well seem to be sent among us. But as the disease in time relented, so our devotion also in short space decayed: the first week died in London .800 people & then it ceased. The xvii day of August, being monday, was proclamation made, The second fall of the money. that the shilling, which of late was called down to ix d. should be currant for vi d. the groat two. d. the half groat i d. a penny, a ebb. The xi day of October, being sunday, the Lord Marques Dorset, was created Duke of Suffolk, the lord earl of warwick, was created Duke of Northumberlande, and the earl of Wilshere, was created Marquis of Wynchester, and sir William Herbert, the master of the horse, was created earl of Penbroke, & divers men made knights. The Duke of Somerset committed again to the tower. The xvi day of October, being friday, the duke of Somerset was brought again to the tower of London, and in the next morning the duchess his wife, was brought thither also: and there went also with the Duke the lord gray of Wylton, sir Ralph Uane, and sir Thomas Palmer, and divers other gentlemen of his familiars. Anno. 5. 1551 Richard Dobbes skinner M. john Lambert S john Cowper S The xxx day of October being friday, was proclaimed a new coin of money, A new coin both silver & gold: sovereigns of sign gold at xxx s. Angels of fine gold at ten s. and divers other pieces of gold of lesser value: a piece of silver of v. s. and a piece of two. s. vi. d. the sterling shilling xii d. & sundry other smaller pieces of money. The vi day of November, being friday, the old Queen of Scots, The queen of Scots road through London. road through London & Cheap, with a great company of englishmen waiting on her, after she had lain four days in the bishops place beside Paul's church. The first day of December, The Duke of Somerset arraigned. being tuesday, the Duke of Somerset was arraigned at Westmynster haul, & was there acquitted of treason, but condemned of felony, by virtue of an act of parliament, made against conventicles and unlawful assemblies. The vii day of December, being monday, was a general muster of the horsemen, A muster of horsemen. which were in the wages of the nobles of the Realm: and for the which the kings majesty allowed yearly for every man .20. pound, the which muster was made upon the causey over against the kings palace at saint james. the number of horse was esteemed to be a thousand. The xxii day of january, being friday, Edward Duke of Somerset, Execution at tower hill. king Edward's uncle before mentioned, was beheaded at the tower hill: the people being there to behold the execution, were suddenly in a great fear, few or none knowing the cause, but this I saw: the Duke being on the scaffold by viii of the clock in the morning, enclosed with the guard, the warders of the tower, and other, the people of a certain hamlet, which were warned to be there by vii of the clock, to give their attendance on the Lieutenant: now came through the postern, and perceiving the prisoner to be already on the scaffold, the foremost began to run with their bills on their shoulders, & cried to their fellows to follow fast after: which suddenness of these men so weaponed, thus running caused the people being next, & which best saw them, to think that some power had come to have delivered the Duke from execution, which caused them to cry, away, away, whereupon the people ran, one end way, not knowing whether, and they which tarried to know some cause of this, had thought some pardon had be brought, some said it thundered, some said the ground shaken, but the occasion was as I have said. Anno. reg. 6. This sixth year of Edward the sixth, on the twenty day of February, the merchants of the Stylyarde at London, were put from their privilege of occupying, which they of long time before had used. The xxvi day of February, Execution at the tower hill being Friday, Sir Ralph a Uane, and six Miles Partryge, were hanged upon the gallows at tower hill: and sir Mychell Stanhope, with sir Thomas Arrundell, were beheaded upon the scaffold, which four were condemned as accessary in that which the Duke was condemned for. This year the sea broke in at Sandwiche, in so much that it did overflow all the Marshes there about, it overflowed the marshes beside Wolwich & beyond saint Katheryne's. The last day of April, through negligence of the gone powder makers, A house blown up with gunpowder. a certain house with three last of powder, was blown up & burnt, the said gunpowder makers, being xu in number, were all slain at the tower hill, a little from the Minoris beside London, on the back side of new abbey. The iii day of August, was borne a marvelous strange monster, A monster. at a place called Myddelton xi miles from Oxenford, a woman brought forth a child, which had two perfect bodies from the navel upward, & were so joined together at the navel, that when they were laid in length, the one head and body was eastward, and the other west, the legs for both the bodies grew out at the mids where the bodies joined: and had but one issue for the excrement of both the bodies, they lived xviii days, and when they were opened, it appeared they were women children. The viii day of August, Great fishes taken. there were taken about Nuynborough three great fishes called Dolphins, or by some called Kygges: and the week following, at Blackwall, were six more taken and brought to London, and there sold: the least of them was greater than any horse. The same month the commons of the city of London, chose three sheriffs, either after other, and every one of them refused the office, and fined for it as it was thought, two hundred pound a piece, and then the commons chose one john Mainarde, who took it upon him, which about ix or ten years before, had given out wares and jewels, as it was thought, to the sum of .2000. marks to be paid him when he were sheriff of London. The same month of August, began the great provision for the poor in London, towards the which every man was contributory, and gave certain money in hand, and promised to give a certain weakly. The grey friars in London converted to an hospital. The first house which was begun was at the gray friars in Newgate market, which went forward with all speed. The vii day of October were two great fishes taken at Gravesend, Great fishes taken. which were called whirlpools, they were afterward drawn up above the bridge. The xiiii day of October the bishop of Durham called Cuthbert Tunstall was brought before the Commissioners, at the place of sir Arthur Darcy knight upon tower hill, where he was deprived from his said byshoprike. Anno. 6. George Barnes haberdasher M. will. Garret S Io. Mainarde S 1552 This sir George Barnes gave the wind mill which standeth toward the east in Finsbery field to the company of the haberdashers of London, to that intent that the profits rising thereof, should be distributed to the poor almose people of the same company. And also he gave to the parson and church wardens of saint Bartholomew the little, certain tenements, for the which they be bound to distribute to the poor people of the same parish xviii d. in bread every sunday for ever. The first children taken in to Christ's hospital at London. The xxi day of November, being monday, the children were taken into the Hospital at the grey friars called Christ's Hospital to the number of four hundred. In the summer past the other year, king Edward went in progress into the west country, where he had so much exercise of hawking and hunting, as was thought by some at that time to be dangerous unto his health. Toward winter he returned to London, & from thence to Grenewitche, where all the Christmas season was passed with much pleasantness and mirth, until at length in januarie he fell sick of a cough, Anno. 7. which ended in a consumption of the lights. The sunday before Candelmas which was the xxix day of januarie, in the seven. year of Edward the vi came a commission to the Church wardens of all parishes in London, that all their linen, as albes, chesebels, and surplices, which were not occupied (reserving necessary linen for the church, should be given unto the Hospital above named. The twenty day of May by the encouragement of one Sebastian Gabota iii great ships well furnished were set forth for the adventure of the unknown voyage to moscovia, A voyage to Moscovy. and other east parts by the north seas. And about the same time ii other ships were sent forth to seek adventures southwards. In May whiles king Edward lay dangerously sick, Lord gilford the duke of northumberlands fourth son, married lady jane the Duke of Suffolk's daughter, whose mother being then alive was daughter to Mary king Henry's sister, which first was married to the french king, and after to Charles duke of Suffolk. In this time many were punished in England for talking rashly, that the King should be dead, and divers also for saying that he was poisoned: for that rumour was spread throughout the Realm. The .22. day of june, a great thunder began about a xi of the clock, A great thunder. and dured almost the space of two hours, and about xii of the clock was a wonderful terrible clap, at which clap the little door of saint Denyse church in London was driven open, and the lock thereof with a great part of the lining of the same door was torn away. King Edward deceased. King Edward being about the age of xvi years, as is said before was long sick of a consumption of the lights, and the vi day of july ended his life. he was in this his youth, a prince of such towardness in virtue, learning, and all goodly gifts, as Europe seldom times or never hath seen the like: and therefore no marvel, considering the state of the realm, if all true english hearts die much lament so untimely death in so tender youth, and so toward a prince. The ten day of july being monday, the death of King Edward was published: Lady jane proclaimed Queen. The same day in the after noon about four of the clock, the Lady jane daughter of the lady Frances, the Duchess of Suffolk, which Lady jane was married unto the Lord Gyiford Dudley the fourth son unto the Duke of Northumberland was conveyed by water to the tower of London and between vii and viii of the clock in the evening, proclamation was made throughout the city, whereby was declared by sundry circumstances, that king Edward being deceased, by his will had assigned the said lady jane to be queen, and thereupon so proclaimed Queen of England. This matter was very grievously taken of the common people, and a great numbered of gentlemen, for the love they bore to Lady Mary, and the right of her title. At this time the state of this realm might well seem most miserable, wherein the nobility and counsel on the one part, and the gentlemen and commons of the other, appeared to be fully bend to maintain two contrary titles. For when it was heard that the lady Mary was fled to Framingham castle in Suffolk, the people of the country almost wholly resorted unto her, and in Oxenford sir john Williams, in Buckinghamshire, sir Edmund Peckham, and in divers other places many men of worship, offering themselves as guides to the common people, gathered great powers, and with all speed made toward Suffolk, where lady Mary was. In this mean time the xiii day of july, by appointment of the counsel the Duke of Northumberland, the Earl of Huntingdon, the lord Grey of Wilton and divers other, with a great numbered of men of arms, went to fetch her by force, and was on their way as far as Bury but not long after, the counsel, partly moved with the right of her cause, partly considering that the most of the realm was wholly bend on her side, changed their minds, and assembled themselves at Baynard's castle, and there commoned with the earl of Pembroke, and immediately came into Cheapside, with the king of heralds, where they proclaimed the lady Mary daughter to king Henry the viii and queen Katherine, Lady mary proclaimed queen of England. queen of England, France, and Ireland defender of the faith. etc. the nineteen. day of july: keeping as prisoners in the tower lady jane lately proclaimed, and Lord gilford her husband. When this was heard in the duke's camp, many of his soldiers forsook him, and be returning to Cambridge, proclaimed the Lady mary Queen, and on the twenty day at night, being apprehended of the guard, he with other, was brought to the Tower of London, the five and twenty day of july. Thus was the matter ended without bloodshed, which men seared would have brought the death of many thousands. Queen Mary. Anno Regni. 1. Marry, the eldest daughter of king Henry the viii began her reign over this realm of England the vi. day of july, 1553 in the year of our Lord .1553. & deceased in the year of our Lord .1558. the .17. day of November, so she reigned .v. years .v. months & xi days: she was proclaimed Queen at London, the xix day of july, and the twenty day at the castle of Framingham: Queen Mary having to the numbered of 30000. men, the earl of Sussex being lieutenant of the army, when she dissolved her camp at Framingham victuals was of such plentithe, that a barrel of bier was fold for vi. d with the cask and iiii. great loaves of bread for a penny. and afterward being accompanied with a goodly band of noble men, gentlemen, and commoners gathered out of all parts of the realm, came to London, and entered the tower the iii day of August. In her father's time and brother's time, divers noble men, bishops, and other were cast into the tower: some for treason laid to their charge, as the Duke of Norfolk, and the Lord Courtney, son to the Marquis of Excester: some for maintaining the Pope's supremacy, as D. Lonstall, bishop of Durham, and other: which continued there prisoners at the queens coming to the tower, to all these and many other, she granted pardon, and restored them to their former dignities. Likewise did she unto doctor Gardener bishop of Winchester, whom she did not only set at liberty, but also made him high chancellor of England. For the great favour that she showed to the lord Courtney, whom she made Earl of devonshire, many men were in opinion, that she purposed to have married him, but in the end it proved otherwise. As all sorts of men almost did rejoice, that Queen Mary had recovered the crown: so many notwithstanding much feared alteration of religion by her. For manifest signification thereof, was given daily, as well by the Queen herself, who oftentimes had mass and Latin service before her in the tower: as also by divers sermons made of them that at that time were appointed to preach about London. The xi day of August certain gentlemen minding to pass through London bridge in a wherry, A wherry overturned. were there overturned by violence of the water, and seven of them drowned. The xiii day of August, master Bourn canon of Paul's, preaching at Paul's cross said as followeth: This same day v. years the reverend father in God, Edmund bishop of London our diocesan, preaching in this place, and this same gospel which I now preach, for the same was cast in prison, and hath there remained till this time, that the queens most excellent majesty hath delivered and set him at liberty: which saying of the preacher so offended the audience, that they breaking silence, said, the bishop had preached abomination: other some cried (meaning of the preacher) pull him out, pull him out: and some being next the pulpit, began to climb toward the preacher to have pulled him out, wherewith the preacher stepped back, and one master Bradforde, a preacher of King Edward's time, stepped forth into the preachers place, most mildly and gently persuading the audience to quietness and obedience, whose presence liked the people well: A dagger thrown at Paul's cross but nevertheless Bourne standing by Bradford one threw a dagger at him which hit one of the side posts of the pulpit, and rebounded back again a great way: whereupon master Bradforde was fain to break of his speech, & forced himself with the help of john Rogers, an other preacher, to convey Master Bourne out of the audience, which with great labour they brought into Paul's school. Doctor Boner that was deprived in king Edward's time, was now again (as ye have heard) restored to his bishopric and divers other bishops for Religion were displaced: as Cranmer of Canterbury: The archbishop of York Poynet of winchester, Barlow of Bath, Farrar of S. davis: Harley of Herford: Houper of Gloucester: Coverdale of Excester: Scory of Chichester. etc. And all other benefieed men, that either were married or would not forsake their opinions, were put out of their livings, & other known to be of the contrary part were set in the same, especially if any were alive, that in the time of king Henry or Edward were put out of the same bishoprics or benefices: as bishop day of Chichester: Heth of worc. turbervile of Excest. etc. The .22. day of August that duke of Northumberland was beheaded & with him were put to death sir john Gates, Execution at Tower hill. and sir Thomas Palmer called Buskin palmer knights. Peter martyr, who in king Edward's time was reader of divinity in Oxford obtained licence and safe conduit of the queen, and departed out of England to Argentine whence he came. In this time the people showed themselves so ready to receive their old religion, that in many places of the realm, understanding the queens pleasure, before any law was made for the same, they erected again their altars, and used the Mass and latin service, in such sort as was wont to be in king Henries tyme. The great Harry brent. The xxvi day of August in the evening, the notablest ship in the world was burnt at wolwich, called the great Harry, by the negligence of mariners, she was of burden a M. tun. The last day of September the queens highness road through the city to Westminster in most goodly manner, A man stood on the wether cock of Paul's. the pageants in all places accustomed being moste gorgeously trimmed: And as her grace passed by Paul's, a certain dutch man stood upon the weathercock with an ensign in his hand, flourishing with the same, and under him upon the cross, a scaffold garnished with ensigns banners and streamers, and under that upon the holle an other scaffold with ensigns & streamers, very strange to the beholders. And the morrow which was the first day of October her grace was crowned at westminster by doctor Gardiner bishop of Winchester. The .v. day of October began the parliament at Westminster, and mass of the holy ghost was song. The xxv day of October the barge of Gravesend by great misfortune of a ratche running upon her, Grauesende barge overturned. was overthrown and xiiii persons drowned, and xvi. saved by swimming. The xxiii the xxv the xxvii days of October were certain disputations in the long chapel at the north door of Paul's concerning Transubstantiation but nothing thoroughly determined. Anno. 1. Tho. white merchant tailor M. Tho. Offley S. Wil Hewet S. 1553 The same sir Thomas White, a worthy patron and protector of poor scholars and learning, renewed or rather erected a college in Oxford, S. john's college in Oxenford erected that was in great ruin and decay, now called S. john's college, and before Bernard college, indowing the same with lands & revenues, to the great preferment of learning and comfort of poor men's children. Renewing by that ensample, the worthy monuments and deeds done by the like godly disposed of ancient time in both the universities, which may well be called, the two Eyes of the realm, whose sight begin to grow dim, through the coldness of charity and want of devotion late crept into the hearts of men. God grant they may be restored to the clearness of their wont sight, that learning may flourish, through abundance of scholars, with maintenance for the same. And that the able and rich may liberally imitate therample of this virtuous gentleman, who both there and in many other places, as by erection of Schools at Bristol and Reading, hath planted the roots of learning: the fruits whereof no doubt in time to come shall flourish, to the great commodity and singular ornament of the realm. Trinity coledge erected. The like College also now called trinity college, the right worshipful sir Thomas Pope knight deceased to his great praise and singular commendation erected, which some time was called Durham college, also ruinous and in great decay he re-edified: appointing for the maintenance of the fellows and scholars like possession. By which fact he declared, that like as God had endued him with great richesse and revenues by policy and the princes service acquired and gotten, even so he thereby meant to dedicate some portion thereof to the honour of learning, and gifts of the mind, that his natural country might attain that honour, which is or aught to belong to every christian realm. For he remembering what benefits learning doth conduce and bring to a well governed common wealth, thought not to beslack in distributing his portion, to thaugmentation of the same. Cardinal Poole, who fled out of England in the time of King Henry, and was in great estimation in the court of Rome, was sent for by Queen Mary to return into his country. About this time the parliament did conclude, that the Service of the church should from and after the twenty day of December next ensuing, be used in all places, in such manner and form as it was used in the last year of king Henry the viii The xiii day of November D. Cranmer Archbishop of canterbury, lady jane that was before proclaimed Queen, and the lord gilford her husband were openly arraigned & condemned for treason. This year the xxv of November being saint Katherine's day, after evensong began the quire of Paul's to go about the steeple, singing anthems with cresset lights, after the old custom at vi. of the clock at night. The last day of November being saint Andrew's day, began the procession in latin, the bishop, curates, persons, and the whole choir of Paul's, with the Mayor and aldermen, and the prebends in their grey amyses, etc. The .v. day of December the parliament was dissolved, in the which parliament all statutes that were made either of Praemunire in time of king Henry the viii or concerning religion and administration of the sacraments under king Edward the sixth, were repealed, and communication was had of the queens marriage with king Philip the emperors son. The beginning of januarie the emperor sent a noble man called Ecmondane and certain other ambassadors into England to make a perfect conclusion of the marriage between King Philip and Queen Mary. The twenty day of january the lord Chancellor with other of the counsel, declared openly unto the queens majesties household, that there was a marriage concluded, between her grace and the king of Spain, which should be a great strength, honour, and enriching to the realm of England. The purpose of this marriage was so grievously taken of divers noble men, and a great numbered of gentlemen and commoners, that for this, and religion, they in such sort conspired against the queen, that if the matter had not broken out before the time appointed, men thought it would have brought much more trouble and danger. For sir Thomas Wyatt in Kente, being one of the chief, A commotion in Kent. fearing that the matter was by certain persons bewrayed, suddenly about the twenty day of january gathered a certain company, and much incensed the people of those parts against the queen, saying: That she and the counsel intended not only by alteration of religion to bring in the pope, but also by marriage of a stranger to bring the realm into miserable servitude and bondage. When report of this was brought to London, the Queen, with so much speed as might be, sent the duke of Norfolk with a company of soldiers into Kent against Wyatt, where the duke meeting with Wyatt, not far from Rochester bridge, was forsaken of his soldiers, and returned to London. The duke of Suffolk's, again proclaimed his daughter queen. In this mean time Henry duke of Suffolk father to lady jane lately proclaimed Queen fleeing into Leycestershyre, and Warwikeshire with a small company in divers places as he went again proclaimed his daughter: but the people did not greatly incline unto him Wherefore when the earl of Huntyngton, that was sent to pursue him, came to Coventrie, and was received into the city: the duke, having no great power or strength of men about him, was brought thereby into a straight, and hiding himself in a park of his own by Coventrie, was bewrayed by one of his servants, and so taken, and by the earl of Huntingdon brought prisoner to London: The Duke of Suffolk taken. while this stir and trouble was, the emperors ambassadors for fear of danger departed out of the realm, and the same day being the first of February, the Queen came from Westminster to the guilded hall in London: The Queen came to the guild hall in London. and there after vehement words against Wyate, declared that she meant not otherwise to marry, than the Council should think both honourable and commodious to the realm. And if they thought good, that she could continue unmarried, as she had done the greatest part of her age: and therefore willed them truly to assist her in repressing such as contrary to their duties rebelled. When she had done, understanding that many in London did favour Wyat's part, she appointed lord William Haward lieutenant of the city, and the Earl of Pembroke general of the field which both prepared all things necessary for their purposes, with great provision of men and artillery. While this provision was making, Wyate came near unto the city, and was entered into Southewarke, the third day of February, and the morrow after Candlemas day. wherefore the draw bridge was broken down, ordinance bend to that part, general pardon proclaimed to all them that would give over and forsake the rebels, and a great reward appointed to him that took Wyate prisoner. After Wyatt had lain ii days in Southwark, he turned his journey to Kyngston on shrove: tuesday in the morning, being the sixth of February. where he passed over the Thames, and purposed to have come to London in the night: but by means that the carriage of his chief ordinance broke he was so letted that he could not come before it was far day. At that time the earl of Pembroke, and divers other were in saint james field with a great power, and their ordinance so bend that Wiate was feign to leave the common way, and with a small company came under saint james wall from the danger of the ordinance: and so went by Charing cross unto Ludgate without resistance, and there thought to have be let in. But perceiving that he was defeated of his purpose, he returned, and about temple bar was resisted, and yielding himself was taken prisoner. Wyatt taken. Proclamation was made in London, that no man under pain of death should keep in his house any of Wiat's faction. Wherefore they were all brought forth, and shortly after, about the number of fifty were hanged on twenty pair of gallows made for that purpose in divers places in and about the city. The xii day of February lady jane the duke of Suffolk's daughter and her husband lord gilford, which hitherto had been kept in the tower, Execution. were now be headed, for fear lest any other should make like trouble for her title, as her father had attempted to do. The .17. of February was proclamation made that all strangers should void the realm within xxiiii days next ensuing, Execution at the tower of London. upon pain of confiscation of their goods (all free denizens, merchants, ambassadors and their servants except.) The xvii day of February Henry Duke of Suffolk was condemned of reason, & the fourth day after beheaded at the tower hill, Execution at tower hill. and his body buried in the tower. The .23. of February, about .240. prisoners of Wiat's faction went with halters about their necks toward Westminster, who had their pardon in cheap. The xu day of March the Earl of Devonshire, whom the Queen at her first entering delivered out of the tower and lady Elisabeth also the queens sister were both in suspicion to have consented to Wyat's conspiracy: and for the same were apprehended and committed to the Tower. The ten of April Cranmer archbishop of Canturbury, Ridley of London, and Hugh Latymer once bishop of worcester, were conveyed as prisoners from the tower of London to windsor, and after from thence to the university of Oxford, there to dispute with the divines and learned men of the contrary opinion. Execution at tower hill. The xi day of April sir Thomas Wyatt chief capitain and ringleader of the rebels was beheaded at tower hill, and after quartered, his quarters were set up in divers places, and his head on the gallows at Hay hill, where it was soon after stolen away, and his fingers and toes cut of from his quarters and conveyed. The .27. of April the lord Thomas Grace, Execution at Tyburn. brother to the late duke of Suffolk, was beheaded. William Thomas a gentleman, and certain other persons were apprehended for conspiring Queen Mary's death the same William Thomas for that offence the xviii day of May was drawn hanged and quartered at Tyburn. The xix day of May the lady Elizabeth was brought out of the Tower by water, and so conveyed to Richemount, from thence to Wyndsore, and so by my lord Williams to Rycote in Oxfordeshyre, and from thence to Woodstock, where she remained. The xxiiii day of may, being the feast of Corpus Christi, a joiner that dwelt in Colman street, called john Strete would have taken the Sacrament out of the priests hands in Smithfield, in the time of procession, but he was resisted, taken and put in Newgate, and then he feigned himself mad. The fourth day of june was taken down all the gallows that were about London. The same day began the cross of Cheap to be new gilded. Anno. reg. 2. A spirit in a wall at London. The xxii day of june was a proclamation made concerning shooting in handguns and bearing of weapons. The xu day of july in the seconds year of Queen Mary, Elisabeth a young wench of the age of xvi or xviii years, did open penance at Paul's cross, standing upon a scaffold all the sermon time where she confessed openly, that she being enticed by lewd council, had upon the xiiii day of March last passed counterfeit certain speeches in an house, near unto Aldersgate in London, about the which, the people of the whole city were wonderfully molested. Some saying it was an angel, some the holy ghost, speaking in a walls: On this manner she behaved herself, she lay and whistled in a strange whistle made for the nonce, than were iii or four companions confederate with her, which took upon them to interpret what the spirit said, expressing certain seditious & opprobrious words against the queens highness. The xix day of july king Philip the emperors son, King Philip came to Winchester. passing out of Spain came into England, & arrived at South hampton. the four day after he came to Winchester in the evening, and there going to the church, was honourably received of the bishop, and a great number of nobles, for that purpose appointed: the next day he met with the quens with whom after he had long and familiar talk. The second day being saint james day, the marriage was in honourable manner solemnized between him and queen Mary. At this time the emperor's ambassador being present, openly pronounced that in consideration of that marriage, the emperor had granted & given unto his son, the kingdom of Naples. Shortly after, king Philip and queen Mary, departed from Winchester, and with a goodly company were brought to London, & there with great provision were received of the Citizens the xviii day of August. At that time a man came as it were flying upon a rope from Paul's steeple to the deans wall. In October the emperor sent ambassadors into England to yield unto his son king Philip the Dukedom of milan. Anno. M .2. P .1. 1554 john Lion grocer M. David Wodroffe S. William Chester S. Cardinal Poole came into England. The xxiii of November Cardinal Poole came out of Brabant into England, and was received with much honour in all places as he passed. At the same time he was by parliament restored to his old estate and dignity that he was put from by king Henry the queens father: and shortly after came into the parliament house where the king, queen, and other states were all present. Then he declaring the cause of his legacy, first exhorted them to return to the communion of the church, & restore to the most holy father and pope, his due authority: secondly he advertised them to give thanks to God that had sent them so blessed a king and queen: finally he signified, for so much as they had with great gentleness restored him to his honour and dignity, that he most earnestly desired to see them restored to the heavenly court and unity of the church. The next day the whole court of parliament drew out the form of a supplication, the sum whereof was, that they greatly repented them of that schism that they had lived in: And therefore desired the queen and the Cardinal that by their means they might be restored to the bosom of the holy church and obedience of the sea of Rome. The next day, the King, queen, and Cardinal being present, the lord Chancellor declared what the parliament had determined concerning the Cardinal's request, and offered unto the king, and Queen the supplication before mentioned, which being read: the Cardinal in a large oration, declared how acceptable repentance was in the sight of God. etc. Immediately he, making prayer unto God, by authority to him committed, absolved them, and restored them to the church of Rome. When all this was done, they went all unto the chapel: and there singing Te Deum, with great solemnity declared the joy and gladness, that for this reconciliation was pretended. The ii day of December being sunday, the kings majesty, the Lord cardinal, and divers other of the nobility, repaired to saint Paul's church in London, and so unto a window of the same, directly against the cross, where the bishop of winchester being lord Chancellor of England made a sermon, declaring how this realm was again restored and united unto the church of Rome. The .27. of December the prince of Piamont duke of Savoy, with other lords were received at Gravesend by the lord privy seal, & other, & so conveyed along the river of Thames thorough London bridge to Westmin. to the kings palace. In the beginning of january the parliament was dissolved: Wherein among other things it was enacted, that the statutes before time made for the punishment of heretics, and the confirmation of the pope's power should be revived, and in so good force as ever they had been before king Henry's reign: and that such acts as were made against the supremacy of the Pope should be clean abrogated and abolished. The ix day of januarie the prince of Orange being received at Grauesende, The prince of Orange came to London. was conveyed along the river of Thamis through London bridge, and landed at the duke of Suffolk's place. The four of February being monday, john Rogers vicar of S. Sepulchres, was burned in Smithfield. Execution in Smithfielde. The vii of February, the lord Strange being married at the court, the same day at night was a goodly pastime of juga cana by cresset light, there were lxx cresset lights. The xviii of February the bishop of Ely, with the lord Montacute & divers other, well appareled road forth of the city of London towards Rome ambassadors from the king, queen & council. The xvi day of March a weaver, Execution in Smithfielde. which dwelled in Shorditche, was burned in Smithfield. The xiiii. day of April in Anno .1555. being Ester day, a certain desperate person named William Flower, with a wood knife, wounded a priest, as he was ministering the sacrament to the people in S. Margaret's church at Westminster: for the which offence, Execution in Westminster the said William Flower was burned at westminster in saint Margaret's church yard the xxiiii day of Apryll. In may the Lord cardinal Poole the lord chancellor of England, the Earl of Arundel, high steward of England, and the lord Paget, went over sea to Calyce, and near unto Mark treated with the emperors and French kings commissioners, for a peace to be had between the said princes, Cardinal Poole being precedent there, who returned again into England, about the midst of june, without any agreement making. On the tenth day of May, a lad called William Fetherstone, about the age of eighteen years, who named himself to be king Edward the vi. was taken about Eltham in Kente, and conveyed to Hampton court, & there brought before the counsel, who examined him why he named himself to be king Edward, he requiring to be pardoned, said he witted not what he did, but as he was counseled, appearing manifestly to be a desperate fool, and so was committed to the marshalsea. The xxviii day of May the aforesaid lad was had out of the Marshalsey in a cart, and so carried through London to Westminster, with a paper on his head: wherein was written, that he named himself king Edward. And after that he had been thus carried round about Westmynster hall before all the judges and others, he was then whipped about the said Hall, and after set at liberty. The later end of june, was a certain muttering traitorously attempted about Wadehurst in Suffex, but it was speedily perceived and wittily repressed. About the first of july john Bradforde was burned in Smithfield. Execution in Smythfielde. This Bradforde was a man of very sober and honest life, and therefore the bishops would have been very glad to have had him recant and abjure his opinion. The xii day of August the .3. year of queen Mary was a terrible fight on the sea, Anno .3. between the Duchemen and frenchmen near unto Romney marsh, where as xi ships were brent and sunk, that is vi french ships, and five great hulks, and certain hulks taken by the French men. In the beginning of September the king went over sea to Calais, The four of September king Philip arrived at calais. and so forth to Brussels in Brabant to visit the emperor his father. The beginning of October fell such rain, that for the space of vi. days men mought row with boats in saint George's field, the water came into westminster hall, and there stood half a yard deep. Also into the palace of westminster, and into Lambeth Church, that men mought row about the church with a whirrie. The xvi day of October doctor Ridley, and doctor Latymer were burned at Oxenford. Anno. M .3. P .2. 1555 wil Garret haberdasher M Thomas Lee S. john Machan S. In October and November a parliament was holden, in the which the queen being persuaded (of the clergy) that she could not prosper so long as she kept in her hands the revenues of the church, yielded up unto the spiritual men, the first fruits and tenths of all bishoprics benefices, and ecclesiastical livings, which in king Henry's time were by parliament annexed to the crown: before the end of this parliament, died Stephen Gardener Chancellor of England on the ix day of November, and was buried at Wynchester, and in his place was appointed doctor Heath archbishop of York. Philpot was burned the xviii day of Novembre. Execution. King Philip, beginning to govern the low countries, committed unto him by his father about the xviii day of januarie entered into Andwerpe, and was received with great solemnity. The four day of March appeared a blazing star, A blazing star. and continued the space of xii. days. William Fetherston who before had named himself to be king Edward (as you have herd in the year last passed) now said, he had of late seen and spoken with king Edward: for the which he was drawn to tyburn, and there hanged & quartered the xiii day of March. The xxi day of March D. Cranmer archbishop of Canterbery was burned at Oxford: and the same day the lord Cardinal Poole song his first mass at Greenwich in the friars church: on sunday next following, he was consecrated archbishop of of Caunterbury, at the same friars church with great solemnity: and on the xxv day of March, being the feast of the annunciation of our Lady in the year .1556. he was stalled at Bowechurche in Cheap. On Palmsonday even being the .28. of March, part of the prison house of Newgate at London was burnt by casualty of fire. This year a certain conspiracy was made by certain mean persons in England: whose purpose was to have rob the queens exchequer, to this intent that they might be able to maintain war against the queen. This matter was uttered by one of the conspiracy: whereby Udall, Throgmorton, Peckham, Daniel, and Stanton were apprehended for the same, and divers other fled into France. The xxviii day of Apryll, Throgmorton, and Richard Udall were drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. The xix of may Stanton was likewise executed at Tyburn. The viii day of june one Rossy, Dedyke, and beadle, were also drawn to Tyborn, and hanged & quartered. The xxvii day of june were xiii persons brent at Stratforde the bow, for matters of religion. The viii day of july Henry Peckham and john Daniel were hanged and headed at the tower hill, and their bodies buried at Barking church. Anno. M .4. P .3. sir Tho. Offley merchant tailor M. Wil Harper S. john white S. 1556 About this time began the hoof burning fevers and other strange diseases, whereof died many old persons, Seven aldermen deceased in London. so that in London there died from the last of November; unto the last of December vii Aldermen, whose names were Henry Herdson, sir Richard Dobbes late mayor sir William Larton late mayor, sir Henry Nublethorn late mayor, sir john Chapneis' blind late mayor, sir john Olive late sheriff, & sir john Gresham late mayor The .16. of December a smith being a stranger borne was arraigned at Newgate for making counterfeited keys, wherewith to have opened Newgate in the night, and so to have slain the keeper, and let forth the prisoners, at which time of his arraignment, having a knife about him, he thrust him in, who gave witness against him, so that he died thereof: for the which act after that xii men had given their verdict against him, and judgement passed, he was immediately taken from the bar and in the street before the justice hall, his hand being stricken of, his body was hanged on a new gibbet set up for that purpose: the same time, the keeper of newgate was indicted for that the said prisoner had weapon about him. The four of januarie a ship passing before Grenewiche (the court being there) shot of her ordinance, and one piece being charged with a pellet of stone, was shot into the court: but thanks be unto God it did no hurt: but passed through the walls. An ambassador from Moscovy. The xxvii day of february an ambassador came to London from the emperor of Cattay, Moscovy, and Russee land: who was honourably met and received at Tot●ham by the merchants ventures of London, riding in velvet coats and chayves of gold, and by them conducted to the bars at Smithfield, and there received by the lord mayor of London, with the aldermen and sheriffs: and so by the lord Maior, aldermen and merchant ventures, conveyed through the City, unto master Dimokes place in Fanchurch street, where he lodged until the .12. of May next following in the year .1557. at the which time he took his journey to Gravesend, & there took shipping with the primrose, and three other ships to sail to Moscovy. The lord Sturton with much injury and cruelty murdered two men: A murderer. and for the same was arraigned and condemned at Westminster: the ii day of March: he was conveyed through London to salisbury, Execution at Salisbury. and there hanged with four of his servants, the vi day of March. King Philip, who had been a good season in Flaunders to take the possession and government of the low countries, ●● March returned into England, and the xxii day he passed through London, being accompanied with the Queen, and the nobles of the realm, but because great trouble was toward between him and the king of France: he tarried not long here, but about the third of july next following, passing the seas again into Flanders made great provision for war against the French king. The queen thinking her husbands quarrel to be hers also, Englishmen sent to saint Quintin's. proclaimed open war against France: and not long after sent over an army of one thousand horsemen four thousand footmen, two. M. pioneers, to aid king Philip, whereof the earl of Pembroke was general. The .24. day of April in the year .1557. Thomas Stafford & other englishmen to the numbered of xxxii persons coming out of France took the castle of Scarborough, Scarbrough castle taken by xxxii persons. which they enjoyed ii days, and then were taken and brought to London: where on the xxviii day of May the said Thomas Stafford was beheaded at the Tower hill: Execution at tower hill. and upon the morrow were three of his company drawn to Tyhorne, and there hanged and quartered. The tenth day of August in the fifth year of Queen mary were taken of France the chiefest captains that the French king had, as followeth. The duke of Mo●tmorency Constable of France, and his son called, Monsieur de Meru, the duke of Monpencier, the duke of Longueville, the Mareshal of S. Andrew, the Ringrave Coronal of the Almains, Roche du Main, the Conte of Roche foucault, The Vicont of Touraine, the Baron of Curton, the Prince of Man●us, beside many gentlemen and Capitains. This year on the xu day of july died the lady Anne of Cleve at Chelsey, The lady Anne of Cleve deceased and was buried at Westmynster, the viii day of August. The xviii day of August was taken the town of saint Quintine by king philip, with the help of English men, at the siege whereof, the Lord Henry Dudley, youngest son to the Duke of Northumberland, was slain with a gun. This year before harvest, Both deart●● and plenty or corn in one year. wheat was sold for four mark the quarter, Malt at four and forty shillings the quarter: Beans at forty shillings the quarter. Rye at forty shillings the quarter, and pease at xlvi shillings viii d. But after harvest, wheat was sold for .v. s. the quarter: malt at vi s viii d ●ye at iii s four d. and in the country, wheat was sold for four s. the quarter, malt for four s. viii. d. and in some place a bushel of rye for a pound of candles, which was four d. Anno M. 5. P .4. 1557 Thomas Curteys' fishmonger S. Rich. Malarie S. james Altam S. calais lost. The first of january the frenchmen came to calais with a great army, and laid siege thereunto: and within four or v. days were masters thereof: and shortly after won all the pieces on that side the sea: To many it seemed strange, how that town, which so many years had been fortified with all munitions that could be devised, should now in so short space be taken of our enemies. It is to be noted, that the counsel of England raised great power to have gone to the defence of that town: but such tempest rose, as the like in many years had not been seen, whereby no ship could broke the sea, and such of the ships, as adventured, were wonderfully shaken, and forced by the said tempest to return again with great danger. The French king also invaded Flanders, and spoiled and brent Dunkirk, before king Philip could come to the rescue: but before the french men returned out of Flanders, the flemings and the english ships meeting with them upon the sands between Dunkirk and Gravelyne slew of them a great numbered. Against summer great preparation was made both on king Philip and the French kings parties, and they retained still mighty armies, of purpose to invade each other: but nothing being done, toward winter they broke up their camps. This Winter the quartern aques continued in like manner, or more behementely than they had done the last year. At this time also died so many priests that a great numbered of parishes in divers places of this realm were unserved, and no curates could be gotten for money. This year in june were vii burned at one stake in Smythfield, Execution. and in july were two bnrned at Brainforde at one stake, and divers other in other places. Anno M. 6. P. 5. 1558 Sir Thomas Lee mercer M. Tho. Hawes S. Rich. Champion S. King Philippe being absent out of this realm, Queen Mary being dangerously sick, ended her life, the xvii day of November, when ●he had reigned vi years four months, and xi days. The same day died cardinal Pool, and a little before two of her phifitions, and divers bishops and noble men, whom the Queen had esteemed greatly. Queen Elisabeth. Anno regni .1. 1558 AFter the decease of Queen Mary, our gracious and sovereign lady Elisabeth, to the great comfort of England, was with full consent proclaimed queen the xvii day of November, in the year 1558. Not long after she came from Hatfielde in Hartefordshyre, where she than abode, unto the Charterhouse in London: and went from thence to the tower, there she remained until the xiiii. day of january following: at which time (the Londoners having made sumptuous provision) she passed through the city to her palace at westminster, showing very comfortable and gentle countenance unto the people: the next day following, her grace was crowned in saint Peter's church at Westminster by doctor Oglethorpe bishop of Carlisle. The report of this was very joyful to such as in Queen Mary's time for religions sake fled into Germany, and other countries, whereupon they now shortly returned home again. The twenty day of january next following, began a parliament at Westmynster: A parliament at Westmynster. And in this parliament, the first fruits and tenths were restored to the Crown, and also the Supreme government over the state ecclesiastical, the which Queen mary had taken away, and given to the Pope: likewise the book of common prayer and administration of the sacraments in our vulgar tongue was restored. In this parliament time, shortly after Easter the queens majesty appointed a conference or disputation to be had at Westminster church, concernynnge matters of religion, but the matter came to none effect. The vii of April was a joyful peace proclaimed betwixt our sovereign lady Elisabeth queen of England, and prince Henry the french king. And the like peace between her majesty, & the king and queen Dolphiners of Scotland. The viii day of may the queens highness road to the parliament, and gave her royal assent to all such acts as there were made, with high thanks to all the estates for their great travel and diligence therein. The xxiiii day of june being the feast of saint john baptist, the service in the mother tongue was fully established throughout this realm, and the Mass with other latin service was clean abolished from that day forward. In August about Bartholomew tide the Church wardens of churches in London with their persons and ministers, brought forth the roods and other images of their Churches, and brent them before their church doors, throwing in their copes and vestiments, altar clothes, banners, crosses, books, and all other such things as had been accounted ornaments of churches, and some burned rood lofts also. Anno regni .1. sir wil Hewet clothworker M. Tho. Lodge S. 1559 Roger Martin S. The second year of Queen Elisabeth many men of war were conveyed out of France into Scotland, Anno. reg. 1. It is to be noted, that the Mayor of London beginneth his year the 28. day of October, which is in the first year of the queens majesties reign. And the queens second year beginneth on the 17 day of November next following. and there placed in towns and fortresses: whereby it was to be suspected, that they would suddenly invade this realm, whereupon the Queen's majesty sent the Duke of Norfolk towards Scotland, as general with an army, who remained at Berwyke, and the lord Grace of Wilton being lieutenant, entered Scotland with a sufficient power to join with the Scots and French men. And in the end her grace sent sir William C●●cill knight, her majesties principal Secretary together with master doctor Wotton to treat with the french men, who by their wisdom's so well ordered themselves, that they enforced the frenchmen to departed, to the great quietness and safety both of England and scotland: and there upon her majesty revoked her army after the forts there were razed, without any seizure or holding of any piece within the ground of scotland. The .v. day of july through shooting of a gone which broke in the house of one Adrian Arten a ducheman, Houses blown in crooked lane. in crooked lane, and setting fire on a firkin & a barrel of gunpowder four houses were clean blown down, and divers other sore scattered, there were slain ix persons men and women, and divers other sore hurt and bruised. This year on Michaelmas even before noon, The base moneys called in it was published by proclamation that the teston of the best sort being marked with the porteuleys should then forthwith be taken for four d. ob. and the second sort being marked with the greyhound for ii d. q. the third and worst sort not being marked with one of those marks afore named, not to be taken for any value, the three penny piece which was coined for four d. should be but i d. ob. the ii d. piece, for i d. etc. New coins And shortly after, her grace restored unto all her subjects fine and pure sterling money, both of gold and silver for their corrupt and base coin, calling in the same to her majesties mints, according to the rates before mentioned. This year also the queens majesty by the advice of her honourable council made great preparation of armour, munition and powder to be in a readiness to defend her majesties Realm from the enemy, if need should happen. Anno. 2. Sir Wil Chester Draper M. Thomas Roe S. 1560 Christo. Draper S. This majors year began in the xi month of the second year of the queens majesties reign, that is to say the .28. day of October, and the .17. day of November next following, beginneth the third year of her majesties reign. Anno. reg. 3. This third year the xxi day of March A notable grammar school was founded by the master, wardens, and assistentes of the right worshipful company of the merchant tailors of the city of London in the parish of S. Laurence Pounteney of London, the right worshipful Emanuel Lucar, Robert Rose William Merike, john Spark, and Robert Duckyngton then being master and wardens of the same company. The ten day of April was one William Geffrey whipped from the Marshalsey in Southwark, to Bethleem, without bishops gate of London, for that he professed one john More, to be Christ our Saviour: he was very sore whipped, and on his head, & about the cart were set papers, wherein was written as followeth: William Geffrey, a most blasphemous heretic, denying Christ our Saviour in heaven. The said Geffrey being stayed at Bethleem gate, the marshals officers caused john Moor to be brought forth: and then where as the said Geffrey had till this time for all his sore whipping still professed john Moor to be Christ, now he forsook him, and confessed Christ to be in heaven. Then the said john More, being examined & answering them very overthwartely was commanded to strip himself, One feigning himself to be Christ was whipped. which he seemed to do very willingly, who was after tied to the cart, & whipped an arrows shoot from Bedlam, where at the last he confessed Christ to be in heaven, and himself to be a sinful man. Then was More sent again into Bedlam, and william Geffrey to the Marshalsey, where they had lain prisoners nigh a year and a half before that time the one for professing himself to be Christ, the other an apostle or disciple of the same Christ. The four day of june being wednesday between four and .v. of the clock in the after noon, Paul's steeple a fire. the steeple of Paul's in London, being fired by lightening, braced forth as it did seem to the beholders ii or iii yards beneath the cross, and so brent round about in the same place, that the top with the cross fell of, and lighted on the south side of Paul's church, and so the spire brent downward like a cresset or a bekon to the stone work, and the bells (which was from the top ii hundred foot) and so brent downward so terribly and vehemently, that within less space than four hours, the same steeple, and all the roofs of the same church were consumed to ashes: which was a lamentable sight, and pitiful remembrance to the beholders thereof. Anno. 3. 1361 sir Wil Harper mar. tat. M. Hunf. Baskervile S. Alexander Auenon S. In the beginning of this majors year and the later end of the third year of the queens majesties reign, the. xv. day of November, the queens majesty published a proclamation, wherein her grace restored to the realm divers small pieces of silver money, ● new coin. as the piece of vi d. iiii. d iii d ii d. and i d. three halfpenny, & three farthyngs. And also forbade all manner of foreign coins to be currant with in the same realm: as well gold as silver, except two sorts of crowns of gold, whereof the one was the freuche. crown, & the other a flemish crown. This fourth year in England were many monstrous births, Anno reg. 4. as in March a mare brought forth a foal with one body being in good proportion, Many monstrous births this year in England. and two heads, having as it were a long tail growing out right like a horn between the same two heads. Also a sow farrowed a pig with four legs like unto the arms of a man child with hands and fingers, moute and ears disfigured. etc. About April a sow farrowed a pig which had ii bodies viii feet, and but one head, many calves and lambs were monstrous, and one calf had a collier of skin growing about the neck, like to a double ruff, which to the beholders seemed strange and wonderful. The xxiiii day of May a monstrous child was borne at Chichester in Suffer, A monstrous child. which may not so plainly be declared with the pen, as in picture. The head arms and legs like unto an Anatomy, the breast and belly very monstrous big, from the naville, as it were a long string hanging: about the neck a great collar of flesh and skin growing like the ruff of a shirt or neckerchief, coming up above the ears pleyting or folding. etc. This year the Queen's majesty in September addressed a band of her subjects to the town of Newhaven in Normandye: The going to Newhaven. who were embarked at Portesmouthe, because that haven is most apt for transportation to that place. Upon whose arrival the towns men and inhabitants joyfully surrendered themselves and their town into the possession of the Queen's Majesty. which was kept by Englishmen from September .1562. to the .29. day of july than next following, which was in the year .1563. the governor of which band was the right honourable, the Earl of warwick, who with the captains serving there (which were of great experience) and soldiers trained by them to knowledge of service, together with part of the old approved garrison of Barwike, did at that time both manfully defend the piece, and valiantly encountered by sundry skirmishes & conflicts with the county Ringrave and his band, the most part whereof were happily achieved to the great overthrow of the adversaries part, and singular commendations of ours. Anno. 4. sir Tho. Lodge grocer M. William aleyn S. 1562 Rich. Chamberlain S. This majors year began the xxviii day of October in the year .1562. which was in the latter part of the fourth year of our sovereign lady Elizabeth. And the fifth year of her majesties reign began the .17. day of Novembre next following. Now this fifth year when the french men with huge armies assembled out of all parts of France to recover the place of passage: Anno reg. 5. the stopping whereof, by our power, was the double woe of their common wealth, there bred through the heat of time and putrefaction of the air, a miserable and infortunate plague among our men, which marvelously increased with the death of divers of the best captains and soldiers, wherewithal there followed a cruel and quick siege, whereat was present the yang king himself, the queen his mother, the Constable, and the best tried number of warlike soldiers with in the whole country, besides an other sort of young & old that cared not for life or land, so their own adventure might win again the cause of their distress: with this general aid, the marshes were made passable and firm ground, which by men of great experience was thought impossible. And with common help the Canons were placed, the castle & walls were battered, & sundry breaches made beyond expectation. Howbeit they were rewarded by our gunners, and made to taste the bitter fruit of their desperate approach, to their great terror and annoyance. The earl of warwick with the remnant of our captains and soldiers in courageous order, standing at the several breaches ready to defend their assaults: which perceived by the enemy, they caused their trumpets to sound the blast of emparle, that composition of either part might be made to avoid the imminent slaughter and effusion of blood. New haven delivered to the french. This offer seemed not unmeet, both parts concluded, the town was delivered the xxix day of july. When the town in this sort was surrendered to the frenchmen and the greatest part of our garrison shipped many sick persons were left behind impotent and unable to help themselves. The misery whereof Edward Randolffe esquire, high marshal of the town, who was appointed to tarry and see the uttermost of our composition accomplished perceiving, moved with natural pity of his country men, relinquished without comfort, caused the said sick persons to be carried aboard, not sparing his own shoulders at that time full feeble and full of the plague, himself and his men still bearing and helping the poor creatures on shypboord. A rare fact worthy of worldly reward, and no doubt in remembrance with God himself, the true recorder of merciful deserts. This year as ye have heard, the plague of pestilence being in the town of Newhaven, and many soldiers afected with the same, returning into England, the infection thereof spread in divers parts of this realm, Great pestilence at Lon but especially the city of London was so infected therewith, that in the same whole year; that is to say, An hundred & eight parishes in London. from the first of januarie .1562. until the last of December .1563. there died in the City and liberties thereof (containing .108. parishes) of all diseases twenty M iii C lxxii so that there died of the plague (being part of the number before named) xvii. M four C. and four persons. A seven parish churches called the out parishes. And in the out parishes adjoining to the same City, being xi. parishes died of all diseases in the whole year aforesaid iii M ii C lxxx & viii. persons, & of them of the plague being a part of the said numbered last before named ii M vii C xxxii so that the hole total sum of all those that died of all diseases in the whole year, aswell within the city of London, and liberties of the same as in the out parishes nigh adjoining unto the same City was xxiii M vi C lx and of them of the plague, being part of the total sum before named) died in all twenty M i C xxxvi This year for so much as the plague of the pestilence was so hot in the city of London there was no term kept at Michaelmas: to be short, the poor citizens of London were this year plagued with a triple plague, as with the pestilence, scarcity of money, and dearth of victuals: A triple or a three fold plague. the misery whereof; were to long here to write: no doubt the poor remember it. God be merciful unto us, and defend us from the like, if it be his will. Anno. 5. sir john White grocer M. Edward Banks S 1563 Roland Haiward S This Mayor beginning his year the xxviii. day of October kept no majors feast at the guilded hall, No majors feast kept at the Guild hall as it had been accustomed before time: Also he took his oath at the uttermost gate of the tower of London. The vi year of the queens majesties reign, Anno reg. 6. beginning the .17. of November (thanks be given to God) was a peaceable year, and the plague of pestilence well ceased in London, yet nevertheless for fear thereof, Hilary term was kept at Hertforde castle, beside Ware. This year .1564. the .23. day of Apryll was a joyful peace proclaimed with the sound of trumpets between England and France. Peace proclaimed between England and France. And now the plague being (thanks be to God) clean cessed in London, both Easter and midsummer terms were kept at Westminster. This year through the earnest suit of the armourers, The watch on S. Peter's even at London. there was on the Uigile of Saint Peter a certain kind of watch in the City of London, which did only stand in the highest streets of Cheap, Cornhyll, and so forth towards Algate, which was to the commons of the same city (for the most part) as chargeable as when in times passed, it was most commendably done, where as this being to very small purpose, was of as small a number of people well liked. The second day of October in the after noon was a solemn Obsequy kept at Saint Paul's Church in London, for Ferdinando the Emperor, late being departed out of this mortal life, and likewise the morrow next after, in the forenoon where was a goodly hearse erected in the uppermost choir of the same Church, garnished with scutchins and banners of his arms very costly and sumptuous. The whole doing thereof with the sermon, are at large set forth in a Book of that matter in print. Anno. 6. Rich. Malary mercer M. Edward jackman S Lionel Ducket S 1564 The twenty day of November, Anno reg. 7. being monday in the morning about vi of the clock through negligence of a maiden with a candle, Houses shatered with gunpowder. the snuff falling in an hundred pound weight of gunpowder, three houses in Bucklers bury, were sore shaken, and the backer parts of the same houses, were blown and shattered in pieces: the maiden was so burnt, that she died thereof within ii days after. It is to be noted, that if this powder had lain in a cellar or lower part of the house, as it lay in a garret, it had done much more harm: Wherefore I advise men to look warily to such ware. The Thames overfrosen. The .21. day of December being S. Thomas day began a frost, which continued till the iii day of january: on new years even, people went over the Thames on the ice, & along the Thames from London bridge to Westminster, and agaynward, great number of people played at the foot ball as boldly and (thanks to God as safely as on the dry land: on New years day, being monday, on tuesday and wednesday, divers gentlemen, & others, set up pricks on the Thames, and shot at the same, and great numbers of people standing at either prick, beholding the same. And the people both men and women went on the Thames in greater numbers then in any street in London: The costardmongers stood in divers places and played at the dice for apples on the ice: on the wednesday at night it began to thaw: but men went over and along the Thames on thursday all day: but on friday being the .v. day of january at night, was no Ice on the Thames to be seen, but that all men mought row over and along the same, it was so suddenly consumed: which sudden thaw caused such great floods and high waters, that it bore down many bridges and houses and drowned many people. The .26. day of january being friday at night time were ii tides in the space of ii hours at London, eight tides in ii nights and a day. on the morrow being saturday was likewise ii in the morning, and ii at night: on sunday being the .28. day of januarie were likewise ii tides in the morning, and at night but one, as orderly it had been accustomed. This year in the city of Chester was a wonderful cure wrought by the power of god in his minister master Lane upon a maiden named Anne Milner, The work of god upon a maid in Chester. of the age of xviii years, who had been possessed with an horrible kind of torment and sickness, about the space of .18. or .19. weeks: All which time of her sickness her torments being terrible, and her sustenance very small, or almost nothing now suddenly the .16. day of February, she was restored to her perfect health, (thanks be given to god) as ye may read more at large in a letter imprinted of the same, subscribed by the hands of divers worshipful knights and gentlemen of that city. An escape out of the tower. The xxix day of April the archbishop of Almacarne (a bishopric in Ireland) made an escape out of the tour of London, who had lain there prisoner about three quarters of a year: There was great search made for him, but he could not be found within the realm. The twenty day of june the Lady Lineur was sent prisoner to the tour of London This year on S. Peter's even at night was the like standing watch in London as was the same night xii months or very little better. Great tempest. The xvi day of july about ix of the clock at night, began a terrible tempest of lightning and thunder, with showers of hail, which lightning and thunder continued until iii of the clock on the next morning. In the which tempest much harm was done in and about Chelmsford in Essex, as by destroying of .v. C. acres of corn, the heating down of all the glass windows on the east side of the said town, & of the west and south sides of the church, the beating of the tiles of their houses, throwing down divers barns and attorneys with the battilments of their church. etc. The hail stones being measured, were found to be vi. inches about: as ye may read more at large in a book of the same matter imprinted. At the same time was much harm done in many other places of this realm, as at Ledes, at Crambroke, at Dover ink ent etc. This year Christopher prince & margrave of Baudon, with Cicelie his wife sister to the king of Swethland, after a long & dangerous journey, wherein they had travailed almost xi months, sailing from Stokholme in Swethland, to Finland then crossing the seas over to Lyffland, from whence they came by land all the voyage about by Pole land, Fryseland, Russye, Mahelbrig, thoroughs Saxon land, so to Antwerp in Brabant, then to calais: at the last in September they landed at Dover, and the xi day of the same, they came to London, and were lodged at the earl of Bedford's place, near unto ivy bridge, where within four days after, that is to say, the xu day of September, she travailed in childbed, and was delivered of a man child: which child the last of September, was baptized in the Queen's majesties chapel of the White Halle of Westmynster, the queens majesty in her own person being godmother, the archbishop of Canburye, and the duke of Norfolk godfathers, the Queen gave the name Edwardus Fortunatus, for that God had so graciously assisted his mother, in so long and dangerous a journey, and brought her so fate to land in that place, which she most desired, and that in so short time before her deliverance. reach. Champion draper M john Rivers S. jam. Hawes S. Thus (good reader) I have brought as thou seest, this small abridgement or summary of our english Chronicle, to these our present days: meaning as time shall increase, so to increase the same, if I be not discouraged of thee in these my simple beginnyngs. Wherefore I beseech thee to judge favourably, and to correct friendly, so as thy correction may rather be an Instruction than a condemning of me. The ages of the world, after the account of the Bible, the hebrews, and after the most veritable writers, are in numbered .7. as followeth. THe first age of the world took his beginning at the creation of Adam, and was finished at the flood of Noah, which continued 1656. The second age took his beginning at such time as Noah came out of the ark, and continued till the nativity of Abraham, which was years 292. The third age continued from the birth of Abraham, till the departing of Israel out of Egypt which was years 503. The fourth age continued from the departing of Israel out of Egypt, till the building of the temple, which was years 481. The .5. age continued from the building of the temple till the captivity of Babylon, which was years 414. The sixth age continued from the captivity of Babylon till the birth of our Lord and saviour jesus Christ, which was years 614. The .7. age of the world took his beginning at the birth of our saviour jesus Christ, and hath continued till this present year of our Lord, and shall last till the worlds end. 1565. The age of the world at the birth of Christ was .3962. The age of the world this present year of our Lord. 1565. is .5527. FINIS. Here is showed how a man may journey from any notable town in England, to the City of London: or from London to any notable town in the same realm. ¶ Here followeth the way from Walsingham to London. FRom Walsingham to Pyknam. xii. miles. From Pyknam to Brandonfery. x. miles. From Brandonfery to newmarket. x. mile. From new market to Babrain. x. mile From Babram to Bark way. xx. mile. From Barkeway to Puchryche. seven. mile. From Puchryche to Ware, v. mile. From ware to Waltham, viii. mile. From Waltham to London, xii. mile. ¶ Here followeth the way from Barwyke to York, and so to London. FRom Barwyke to Belforth, xii. miles From Belforth to Anwyke, xii. mile. From Anwyke to Morpit, xii. mile. From Morpit to Newcastle, xii. mile. From Newcastle to Durham. xii. mile. From Durham to Daryngton, xiv. mile From Darington to Northalerton. xiv. mile From Northalerton to Topclyfe, seven mile From Topclyfe to York. xuj mile From York to Tadcaster, viii. mile From Tadcaster to Wentbrydge, x mile From Wenthrydge to Dancaster, viii mile From Dancaster to Tutford, xviij mile From Tutford to Newarke, x mile From Newarke to Grantham, x mile From Grantham to Stanford, xuj mile From Stanforde to Stylton, xii mile From Stylton to Huniyngton, ix mile From Huniyngton to Boyston, xv mile From Royston to Ware, xii mile From Ware to Waltham, viii mile From Waltham to London, xii mile ¶ Here followeth the way from Carnarvan to Chester, and so to London. FRom Carnarvan to Conway, xxiv mile From Conway to Dynbygh, xii mile From Dynbygh to Flynt, xii mile From Flynt to Chester, x mile From Chester to Wyche, xiv mile From Wyche to Stone, xv mile From Stone to lichfield, xuj mile From Lychfield to Colfill, xii mile From Colfyll to coventry, viii mile And so from coventry to London, as hereafter followeth. ¶ Here followeth the way from Cokermouth to Lancaster and so to London. FRom Cokermouth to Kyswyke, uj mile From Kyswyke to Grocener, viii mile From Grocener to Kendale, xiv mile From Kendale to Burton, seven mile From Burton to Lancaster, viii mile From Lancaster to Preston, xx mile From Preston to Wygam, xiv mile From Wygam to Waryngton, xii mile From Waryngton to New castle, xx mile From New castle to Lychfield, xx mile From Lychfield to coventry, xx mile From coventry to Danetre, xiv mile From Danetre to Tocester, x mile From Tocester to Stony Stratforde, uj mile From Stony Stratford to Brychyl, seven mile From Brychyl to Dunstable, seven mile From Dunstable to S. Albon, x mile From S. Albon to Barnet, x mile From Barnet to London. x mile ¶ Here fololoweth the way from Yermouth to Colchester and so to London. FRom Yermouth unto Becclis, viii mile From Becclis to Blybour, uj mile From Blybour to Snapbrydge, viii mile From Snapbrydge to Wodbridge, viii mile From Wodbrydge to Ipswyche, v mile From Ipswyche to Colchester, xii mile From Colchester to Eastford, viii mile From Eastford to Chelinesford x mile From Chelinesford to Brentwod, x mile From Brentwood to London. xii mile ¶ Here followeth the way from Dover to London. FRom Dover to Canterbury, xii mile From Canterbury to Sittingborn, xii mile From Sittyngborn to Rochester, viii mile From Rochester to Grauesende, v mile From Grauesende to Datford, uj mile From Datford to London, xii mile ¶ Here followeth the way from S. Burten in Cornwall to London. FRom S. Burten to the mount, xx mile From the mount to Thury, xii mile From S. Thury to Bodnam, xx mile From Bondain to Launston, xx mile From Launston to Ocomton, xv mile From Ocomton to Crokehornewell, x mile From Crokehornewell to Exeter, x mile From Exeter to Honiton, xii mile From Honiton to Charde, x mile From Charred to Crokehorne, seven mile From Crokehorne to Shyrborne, x mile From Shyrborne to Shaftisbury, x mile From Shaftisbury to Salysbury, xviij mile From Salysbury to Andevor, xv mile From Andevor to Basyngstock, xviij mile from Basingstocke to Harford, viii mile from Harford to Bagshot, viii mile from Bagshot to Stanes, viii mile from Stanes to London, xv mile ¶ Here followeth the way from Brystowe to London. FRom bristol to Maxfelde, x mile from Maxfelde to Chypnam, x mile from Chypnam to Marleborow, xv mile from Marleborow to Hungerford, viii mile from Hungerford to Newberry, seven mile from Newberry to reading, xv mile from reading to Maidenhead, x mile from Maidenhead to Colbroke, seven mile from Colbroke to London, xv mile ¶ Here fololoweth the way from S. David's to London. FRom S. David's to Axforde, xx mile from axford to Carmarden, x mile from Carmarden to Newton, x mile from Newton to Lanbury, x mile from Lanbury to Brecknock, xuj mile from Brecknock to Hay, x mile from Hay to Harford, xiv mile from Harforde to Roso, ix mile from Roso to glocester, xii mile from glocester to Cicester, xv mile from Cicester to Faryngton xuj mile from faryngton to Habyngton, seven mile from Habyngton to Dorcester, seven mile from Dorcester to Henly, xii mile from Henly to Maidenhead, seven mile from Maidenhead to Colbroke, seven mile from Colbroke to London, xv mile Hereafter followeth the names of all the kings and chiefest governors of this realm of England, in what leaf ye shall find them. BRute the first king of this realm, folio. 9 Locrine fo. eo. Guendoline queen .10. Madan eodem Mempricius fo. codem Ebranke fo. codem Brute Grinshiled 11. Leill. fo. eodem. Lududribas fo. eodem Bladud fol. ibidem Leire. fol. ibidem Cordyla queen fo. 12. Morgan fo. ibidem Conedagus fo. ibi. Rivallo fo. ibidem. Gurgustus ibidem Scicilius ibidem jago or Lago fo. 13. Kynymacus fo. ibid. Gorbodug fo. ibidem Forrex & Portex ibi. Mulmutius Dunwalls' fol. ibidem Belinus and Brennus. fol. 14. Gurgostus fol. 15. Guinthelinus fo. ibi. Cecilius ibi. Kymarus ibidem. Elanius ibidem Morindus ibidem Gorbumannus ibid. Archigalio folio. 16, Elidurus fol. ibi. Uigenius & Peredurus fo. ibidem Gorbonian fo. ibid. Morgan fo. ibid. Emerianus ibidem Ival folio .17. Rymo ibidem Geruntius ibidem Catilius ibi. Coilus fo. ibidem Porex fo. ibi. Chirunnus fo. ibidem Fulgen ibidem Eldred ibidem Androgius ibidem Uarianus ibidem Eliud ibidem Dedantius fo. ibidem Detonus ibidem Gurgincus ibidem Merianus ibidem Bladunus ibidem Duinus ibid. Silius ibid. Bledgabredus ibid. Archemalus ibid. Eldeius fol. eodem Rodianus fol. 18 Redargius eodem Samulius eod. Peniselus eod. Pirthus eod. Caporus eod. Dinellus eod. Helius eod. Lud eod. Cassivelane eod. ☞ Under julius Cesar. THeomancius 20 Cymbalinus eod. Gwiderius eod. Aruitagu● 21 Marius eod. Coilus eod. Lucy eod. Basianus 21 Carassus 23 Alectus eod. Asclepiodatus eod. coil eod. Constantius eod. Constantine 24. octavius 24, 25 Maximus 25 Constantine 27 Constantius 27 Uortyger 28 Uortymers 29 Aurelius Ambrose 30 Uther Pendragon eod. Arthure eod. Constantine 32 Aurelius Conanus 32 Uortiporus eod. Malgo 32 Caretieus 33 34 Ladwaiyne 35 Ladwaladar eod. jew 36 Ethelard eod. Cutherede eod. Sygeberte 37 Kenulphus eod. Brithericus eod. Egbarte 38 Ethelwolphus 38 Ethelwaldus 39 Ethelbert eod. etheldred eod. Alured 40 Edward the senior 41 Adelstane 42 Edmond eod. Eldrede eod. edwin eod. Edgare 43 Edward. eod. Egelred fol. 44. Edmond Ironside 47 Canucus fo. 48. Harold. fol. 48. Hardikenitus fo. 48. Edward fo. 49. Harolde fol. 50. VUilliam bastard Duke of Normandy fol. 51. William Rufus fo. 55. Henry Beauclerk 59 Steven fol. 62. Henry ii fo. 65. Richard first fo. 68 john fol. 7●. Henry third fol. 81. Edward i fo. 99 Edward ii fo. 105. Edward iii fo. 111. Richard ii fo. 124. Henry four fol. 132. Henry .v. fol. 137. Henry vi fo. 140. Edward four fo. 154. Edward .v. fo. 161. Richard iii fol. 162. Henry vii fol 163. Henry viii fol. 171. Edward vi fol. 208. Marry queen. fo. 222. Elizabeth queen. 239. The Table of all the principal matters contained in this book. AUxolme an pland fo. 3. Albion. foli. 9 Archflamyn. fo. 9 Adrians' wall fo. 22. Albon martyred fo. 24. Ambreshuey builded fo. 29. Abyngton builded fo. 35. Abbey at Saint Albon builded fol. 37. Ambery builded fo. 44. A barkers son claimed the crown. fo. 107. Arms of England & France joined fol. 115. justen friars church in London builded fo. 119. All Souls college builded 147. Anne barton, called holy maid of Kent fo. 186.187. Abbeys visited fol. 189. Abbeys suppressed fol. 194. Andrew judde his charitable deeds fol. 214. A mylners' son feigned him to be King Edward the sixth. fo. 233. fo. 235. Ages of the world. fo. 248. BIsshoprickes in England folio. 1. Britain fol. 9 Bambrough builded 10 bath builded fo. 11. Bladud in flying brake his neck fol. 11. Bangor in wales builded 12. Blonde reigned fo. 12. fo. 38. Blackwell hall builded fo. 13. Belyns gate builded fo. 14. britons chased into Wales fol. 33. Bishops see of Wynchester builded fol. 35. Berking in Essex builded 35 Brithricus poisoned by his wife. fol. 38. Blazing stars. fol. 36.44. 58.60.61.121.144.235. Battle abbey builded. 55. Barmondsey abbey builded 55 Brystow castle builded 60 Bassing work abbey builded fol. 66. Bewley abbey builded fo. 81 Beston castle builded fo. 83. Battle at Lewes' fo. 92. Battle at Euisham fo. 92. Bow steeple in Cheap blown down fol. 97. Black Friars by Ludgat: builded fol. 100 Barwyke won. fo. 103.113. battle at Estrevelyn. 107. Battle on the sea. fo. 115.173 Berwick taken by xl persons. fo. 12●6 Battle at Otterborn. 128. Battle at Shrewsbury 134 Battle at Agincourt fo. 139 Barnard college in Oxford builded fol. 147. Bishop of salisbury murdered fo. 149. Battle at S. Albon's 150 Battle at Bloreheth fo. 152 Battle at Northampton. 153 Battle at wakefield. fol. 153 Battle the second at saint Albon's fol. ibidem. Battle at Shirborn. ibidem. Battle at Exam fo. 154 battle at Banbery fo. 156. Barnet field fo. 157 battle at Teukesbury 157 Battle at Bosworth. 163. Battle at Stoke 164 Black heath field fo. 166. Baynard's castle builded 168 Brasenose in Oxford builded folio. 171. Bow steeple in cheap builded fol. 173. Bishop of Rome's authority abrogated fol. 188. Boloygne won fol. 204. C COunties of England fo. 1. Cornwall described fo. 5 Compass of England 7.8. Carleile builded 11. Canterbury builded ibidem Carlion builded 14. Cambridge builded 16. Caesar's first voyage into this land fo. 18. Caesar's second voyage. fo. 19 Cesar a bakers son ibidem Cesar slain with book insibi. Castle at Canterbury builded. ibidem. castle at roche. built. ibi. Chichester builded ibidem. Christ his birth fo. 20. Chester builded fol. 21. Colchester builded ibidem. Close crowns wherefore kings of England wear them 24. Constantin slain by a Pict 27 Constantius slain by picts. ibi. Constantius a monk made king. ibidem Chertsey builded fol. 35. College of wells builded 36 Crowland abbey builded 37 chastity of women defended 39 Couentrye abbey builded 49 Castles at York builded 53 Castle at Notyngham builded ibidem. castle at Lincoln builded ibi. Chester abbey builded 57 Cicester builded 62. Combremore abbey builded 6● Coggeshall abbey builded 65 Castle of Rutland builded 66 Canturbery a fire ibid. Charter made to the barons 79 Charteley castle builded 83 Coin altered. fo. 88.96.115. 116. 118. 136. 155. 169. 180.203.216.241 Castle of Flynt builded 99 castle Barnard builded 100 Cheap corn 101. Crouched friars 106. Cardinals rob 107. Cheap of victual 114. Caleys won 117. Chest in guilded hall of London fo. 112. Combat fo. 127. 129. Cheap wines fo. 128. Conspiracy fo. 132 Cundyie in cornhill builded 134. College of Eton builded 141 Custom first paid 142 Commotion at Abyngton 143 calais besieged 144 Cundite in Fleetstreet builded 145. Commotion in Kent 148. Cruelty of Edward the fourth 157. Commotion by the bastard Fauconbridge 157. conduit in cornhill enlarged. 158 Cundyt in Cheap called the great Cundite new builded 164. Cross in cheap new builded. ibi Ceyple gate builded 165 conduit in gracious street builded ibidem Cheap wheat & salt 166 Conduit at bishops gate builded. fol. 170. Charles the .v. emperor came into England 177 Conspiracy at Coventry 179 Cardinal first suppressed abbeys fol. 180. Cardinal discharged of chancellorship 283 Cardinal deceased 184. Clergy condened in premu. ibi Clergy sworn to K. H. 8. 185 Commotion in Lincolnshire 191 Commotion in Yorkshire. 191. 193.199. Chantries given to the king 205. 209. Cundytes at Algate & Lothbury builded 206. Commotion in Cornwall and devonshire 210 Commotion at Norwich 211 Charles Gavaro commytied murder 213 Commotion in Kent by Thomas Wyatt 227 Counterfeit speech in a wall 240 Cardinal Poole came into England 231 Conspirators minded to have rob the exchequer 235 calais lost 238 Description of England 1. Dune a river 3. Dunbrytayne builded 10 Dover castle builded 10 Danes first entered this land 38 Danes second entering. ibid. Danes third entering 39 Danes besieged London 45 46 Danes suddenly murdered 45. Danes driven out of this land 49 Dearth of wheat in England 75 Death of King john 80 Delacresse abbey builded 83 Dover spoiled 102. Drye summer 118 Dukes of Herford & of Norfolk banished 131 Dearth of corn 134 Duke of Norfolk like to have been drowned 143 Duke of Suff. murdered 148 Duke of York began a commotion 150 D. of york claimed the Cr. 153 D. of Clarence murdered 158 Dyches sylde and hedges cast down about London 174 Duke of Buckyngham beheaded 176 Dagger thrown at Paul's cross 223 dearth and plenty of corn in one year fo. 238. E ENgland described fol. 1. Edinburgh builded. 10 Ely how it took that name fol. 18 England first tributary to Cesar fo. 19 Excester builded fo. ibidem England first baptized 22 England first so named 36 Etheldred slain by the Danes 40 Ethelyngsey builded 41 Eight kings rowed Edgar up and down the river of Dee 43 England tributary to the Danes 44 Edmond Ironside murdered 47 Earthquake in England 57 61 88 127 215. Euisham abbey builded 61 England interdicled 76 Enterdiction released 78 Edward the second murdered 111 England let to farm 131 Elinor Cobham 146 Edward the fourth fled the land 156 Elisabeth wife to Ed. the .4. took saintuarye at Westmynster 156 Earl of Northumberland slain 164 Excester besieged 167 english merchants received with procession 167 Evil May day 175 Execution in Paul's church yard 196 Ambassador of Moscovy 236 Eight tides at London in ii nights and one day 247 F first King that ware crown of gold 13 Form of the island 7 First christian emperor 24 Fortiger sent for the Saxons 28 First saxons entered this land 28 Fortiger divorced ibidem. Fortiger married Rowane, daughter of Hengist ibi. Fortiger was deprived 29 Fortiger burned 30 Fourth kingdom of the Saxons 31 fifth kingdom of the Saxons 32 first war between the saxons 33 First school in Cambridge 35 first Tithes given in England 38 First grammar school in Oxford 41 Fountains abbey builded 62 Fourntiss abbey builded 65 Feversham abbey builded 65 First bailiffs in London 69 five moons seen in the firmament 75 first mayre of London 77 Frewarren granted to London 84 Fre toll granted to London 84 first alderman of London 86 Folkmote at Paul's cross 91 Famyn 108. 145 Fray in Fleetstreet 129. 145 Fray in S. Dunston's church in London 139 Fall of a stair slew .18. persons 145 Fray in London by saintuarye men 151 first yeomen of the guard 164 Fray in London against the Stylyard 165 first merchant tailors of London 169 Fire on London bridge ibi. Friar houses suppressed folio 187 folio 195 First fruits given to K. Henry the viii 188 Fire in Rood lane 194 first pensioners 198 Fall of money 215 216 241 GLamorganshyre, how it took that name 12 Game of Chess devised 13 Grantham builded 16 Gloucester builded 21 Gurmondchester builded 33 Great church at Lyncoln builded 34 Glazing first brought into England 35 Glastenbury new builded 36 Great fire at London fo. 46. fol. 84. 79. Great flovodes in England fol. 58.89. gray friars came into England 62 Great wind 88 120 Great conduit in cheap first builded 100 Great hail 101 Grauesende spoiled 125 Guns first invented 126 guilded hall in London builded 136 Grenewyche builded 168 Golden Rose sent to K. Henry the .8. 180 Gold enhanced 181 General procession 189 206 George Barnes his charitable deeds 19 Great Harry a ship brent 224 Gone shot into Grenwich 236 Grammar school builded by the merchant tailors 242 Great frost. fo. 91 57 64 97 120 135. 144. 175. 192. 246. H HUmber a river fol. 3. Humber how it took that name 9 Hot baths builded 11. Holy Gyldas 32 Hospital at Rome for english men 38 Herford castle builded 41 harold body cafte in Thames 48 Hospital of S. Bartholomew builded 59 Hyde abbey builded 61 Hails abbey builded 88 Half pens & farrhinges coy●●ued 100 Hot summer 101 Henry Duke of Hertford landed in Holdernes 131 Henry the sixth crowned at Paris 44 Humphrey duke of Gloucester arrested at Bury 147. Henry the vi fled. the land 153 Henry the .6. murdered 157 Herring .3. s .4. d. the barrel 166 Houses of office builded to the guilded hall of Lon. 168 169 Henry the .7. builded the new chapel at Westminster 171 Hospital of the Savoy builded ●bidem Hangman hanged 194 Houses blown up with gunpowder. 202. 218. 241. 246. I Irlande situate 7 Island divided 9 Iron cups fastened by wells 35 jews crucified children 64 67. 68 jews' slain in Engl. 69. 9● jews rob & spoiled 70 jews executed 89. 99 jews' banished 102 jousts in Smythfielde 119. 128. 135. 155. john Philpot his charitable deeds 125 john ●ycklefe 130 john Oldcastell 158. Images taken down in churches. 194.209. joane Butcher 214 Images brent 241 john Raynewell his charitable deeds 14● john Moor feigning himself to be Christ, was whypt 242 King devoured by a monster 15 King deprived. 16. 17. 41. King Edmond slain 39 King counterfeited to be a minstrel 40 King Edward murdered by his stepmother 44 Kings hose cost three ●. 56 Kings children drowned 63 K. sevn taken prisoner 64 King Richard taken prisoner 70 King richard wounded to death 73 King john divorced 74 King john sworn to the see of Rome 78 Keni●worth castle besieged 95 King Henry the three besiegeth London 96 King Ed. the ii prisoner in Kenilworth castle 110 King Richard the second taken prisoner 131 King Edward deposed 110 Knights of the gartar 116 K. Ri. the two murdered 132 Kings College at cambridge builded 141 K. of Scots married at S. Mary Audryes' 141 King Henry the uj taken prisoner 154 King Richard the three slain in the field 163 K. of Scots married Margaret, daughter to Henry the vij 169 King of castle landed in Enlande 170 King of Scots slain at Scots field 174 King H. the eight first defender of the faith 177 King & queen of Denmark came into England 178 King H. the eight first named supreme head 184. Kings palace at S. james builded 184. Kings stable called the mewe●, brent 188 King Henry the eight first named king of Ireland 200 K. Henry. the. viii. went ta Boleyne 203 King philip of spain arrived at Southampton 231 K●yes counterfeit to have spoiled Newgate 236 L LOndon described 2 London bridge described 3 lug a river 4 Length of this Island 7 London builded 9 Leicester builded 11 London enlarged 18 Ludgate builded eod. London named Ludstone eod. London, York, and Carlion, archbishops 22 little britain conquered 25 Laws against quaffing 43 Little john an outlaw 69 London bridge builded 77 London like to have been spoiled 92 London given to prince Edward 97 Laurence Ducket hanged in Bowechurche 100 Liberties of London seized 129 Liberties of London restored 130 Leaden hall in London builded 147 Lord Say beheaded at the cross in cheap 148 Lord Aud●ley beheaded 107 Lady Anne of Cleve received 198 Lyth & Edenborow taken 203 M Mulmutius laws 13 Malmesbury builded 14 Marcian laws 15 Mordred slain 31 Mahomet'S first beginning 34 Money of abbeys brought to the kings treasury. 54 Monstrous fish fo. 76. 151. 185 185 186 218 219. Mad parliament 90 Mayre of London prisoner at Wyndsore 93 Mayre of London and four aldermen given to the prince 93 Men put in sacks thrown in Thames 96 Martin college in Oxford builded 100 Market house called the stocks builded 136 Murder in Whitchapel 143 Mary Magdalein college in Oxford builded 148 Margaret queen of Scots K. Henry the .8. sister fled into England 175 Muster at London called the great muster 195 Mary Rose drowned 205 Muskleborough field 209 Murder at Feversham 215 Murder by the lord Sturton 237 Monstrous births 242 Maid of Chester 247 N New Troy fo. 9 Notable ways made fo. 14. New abbey in Wynchester builded 41 New forest made 54 New castle upon Cyne builded fo. 57 Noble men that came in with William conqueror 52 Normandye lost 67 New work of Westmynster 82. 101 Norwiche spoiled 95 Newgate builded 141 New Testament printed in english 183 Nicholas gybson his chartable deeds 195 Newgate on fire 235 New haven 242. 243. O Oppressers of the poor hanged 17. Oxford builded 38. Outlaws in England 6● One crucified. 83 Oath to the King 91 Order of the Rhodes put down 198 One hundred and lx persons hanged 166 P Porrex slew his brother Forrce 13 Porrex slain by his mother ibidem. Picts first inhabit scotland. 15 Pickering builded 16 Prodigious signs fol. 17. 97. 66. 109. Peter and Paul crucified 21 Plenty of corn 28 Pelagius heresy in England fo. 29. Porismouthe how it took that name 30 Peter pence first paid 30 Priorye at Excester builded 40 peter's bury builded 43 parliament at Oxenford 48. People of England numbered 55 Plagues in england 5● Paul's church a fire 55. 146. 141. Pestilence in England 28. 58. 117. 118. 120. 122. 125. 158. 168. 177. 202. 210. 241. Priorye of saint Bartholomewes' builded 59 Priory of saint james at Bristol builded 60 Priorye of Norton builded 62 Pierce of Poumfret 79 parliament at Wynchester 92 Parliament at Northampton 95. 112. parliament at Shrewesbury 100 parliament at Gloucester. fol. 101. Parliament at Canforbury 104 parliament at Oxenford. fol. 107. Peter penny forbidden to be paid 128 Plymmouth spoiled 134 Person of wrotham 13● parliament at Leycester. fol. 142. Part of London bridge fal● down. 145 Postern by the tower sank by night 146 Procession 151 Printing first invented 152 Part of London wall new builded 158 Perkin Watbecke. 166. 167. 168. Prince Arthure married. fol. 169. Prisoners delivered 170 Paul's school builded 172 parliament at Black friars 183 Priory of Christechurche in London put down 185 Polled heads 188 Paul's Church lay at an anchor 208 Procession forbidden 209 Prince of Orange came into England 233 parish churches in London 244 Q queens college in Oxenford builded 122 queens College in Cambridge builded 171 R Rome builded 12 romans refuse to defend England 27 Ramsey builded 43 roof of Bow church blown down 57 roof of Salisbury church consumed 57 Rufus slain with an arrow 58 Reading abbey builded 61 Robert Hood an outlaw's fol. 69. Ransom paid for king Richard 71 Rochester castle besieged 79 Robert Grossehead 81 riot in London 96. 151 Riot in Norwyche 97. Rhodes won from the Turks 106 rebellion in Kent 116 Rochester bridge builded. fol. 135. Robert Acton 138 Robert Chesley his charitable deeds 145 Rychmont builded 168 Rhodes taken by the Turkess. 178 Roulande hill his charitable deeds 218 S Shires in England fo. 1. Severne a river 4 Severne, how it took that name 20 Shaffesbury builded 11 Stamford builded ibide. Saint john's town in Scotland builded 12 spaniards first inhabit Ireland 15 Salysbury builded 19 Southampton how it took that name 21 Saint Helen an english woman 24 S. Ursula of: England 26 Scots and Pyets invade England eod. Scots and Pyets spoil this land 28 Saxons stew four C. ix. barons and earls 29 second kingdom of the Saxons 30 Saxons had the whole possession of this realm 34 Saint Augustine came into England eod. S. Augustine at Canterbury builded eod. Saint Paul's at London builded eod. S. Andrew's at Rochester builded eod. S. Peter's at Westminster builded eod. Seventh kingdom of the Saxons eod. Saint Beda an english man 36 Segebart deprived & slain by a swine heart 37 Shaftsbury builded 41 Saint peter's at Gloucester builded eod. S. Edmond'S bury built 46 S. Edward's laws 50 Shrewesbury abbey builded 55 Sir hundred houses blown down 57 Strange sights in the air 58 Smythfielde a leystaw 59 Stratford abbey builded 64 Saint Mary Auberies in Southwark builded 77 Strangers banished 82 Salysbury minster builded 83 Saint johns without Oxford builded 85 S. catherin's nigh London builded 85 Symond Mountford earl of Leicester 92 Southampton rob 114 S. Steuens chapel at Westmynster builded 221 Savoy brent by rebels 126 Saint john's by smythfield brent eod. Shine and Zion builded, folio 140 Strangers to be lodged in an english host 124 Standard in cheap builded 144 Simon eyre his charitable beads 147.152 sandwich spoiled 151 Suburbs without Algate and byshope gate brent 157 Sweeting sickness 164. 175. 182. Saint Anthony's in London builded 167 Scarcity of bread 181 Ship chased to the tours' wharf 182 Small houses of Religion given to king Henry the eight 190 S. Gyles church at Crepis gate brent 205 Stews put down 206 S. john's college in Oxford builded 225 Saint Quintin's 237. 238 Scarborowe castle taken 237 T THamys described 2 tweed a river 3 Trent a river 3 Trojan laws 9 Tower of London first builded 14. 19 Temple nigh to temple bar builded 14 Third kingdom of Saxons fol. 30 Thorney builded 41 Tribute to the Danes discharged 44 Tempest in England 57.67.75.82.247.85.110 Tewksbury abbey builded 61 Twenty governors of London 75 Twelve years in England 91 Term kept at Shrewesbury 99 Tun in cornhill 101 Treasure conveyed out of England 101 thieves in apparel of friars 101 Three hundred men slain by misfortune 141 Two Majors and six Aldermen of London dy● within eight days 164 Thomas Kneysworth his charitable deeds 171 Turney and Turwyne won 171 Tower of Grenewyche builded 180 Thomas Moore Chancellor 181 Thomas Cromwell, 185. 188. 193. 198. Tower of London repaired 185 Thomas ●unflow his charitable deeds 167 Thomas white his charitable deeds fo. 225 trinity college erected 225 Three fold plague of London 245 U Ueye a river 4. University at Stamforde fo. 11. Uies builded 14. Uortymer poisoned by his stepmother. 29 villages and towns drowned 89 Uisytation of the abbeys fol. 189. voyage to Moscovy 220 W Wales described 4. Welshemen fo. 4. Wolves devoured kings fol. 10. Wynchester builded 11 Walbrooke how it took that name 23 Wall of stone between England and scotland 26 Wyndsore castle first builded 31. Wynchecombe abbey builded 37 Wolves destroyed in Englaude 43. Warwell builded 44 Waltham abbey builded. 50 Wenloke abbey builded 55 Westmynster Halle builded 58 Wyndsore builded 62 Wodstocke builded ibid. William with the long beard 72.73. Wynchester abbey builded 81 Wards granted to the king 83. weights and measures 95 Wool staple kept at sandewyche 102 white battle 108 wol staple kept at Westmynster 119 Wolstaple kept at chichester ibide Wolstaple kept at Lincolm bristol; and Canterbury ibidem William Walworth slew jacke straw 127 Whityngton college builded 135 William tailor his charitable deeds 155 Wyatt taken 229 Y York builded 10 FINIS. Imprinted at London in Fletestreete, nigh unto S. Dunston's church, by Thomas Marsh. Anno Salutis. 1565.