Metallica. OR The Treatise of Metallica.  
Briefly comprehending the Doctrine of diverse new Metallicall Inventions, but especially, how to neale, melt, and work all kind of mettle-oares, Irons and Steeles with Sea-coal, Pit-coale, Earth-coale and Brush-fewell.  
Also a Transcript of his majesties Letters Patents of Privilege, granted unto Simon Sturtevant for the said Metallicall businesses, for one and thirty years.  
Published in Print before the last day of this present Easter Term, as the said Simon Sturtevant was by his Highness enjoined.  
Imprinted at London by George Eld.  
Cum privilegio.  
Anno. 1612. May. 22.   

The Preface to the Reader.  
GEntle Reader, I am not ignorant, how they that are willing to apprehend and assist new businesses, are desirous to be satisfied in these points. First concerning the perfect and exact knowledge of that Invention wherein they are to deal and negotiate, for as the common Proverb saith; Ignoti nulla cupido. The second is, touching the worth and goodness of the business, and how the benefit thereof may be raised. The third is the ability of the Inuentioner, to effect and perform his project propounded. The fourth is concerning the manner of contracting or bargaining; In all which, I will endeavour to give the best satisfaction that I may, out of the precepts and grounds of this present Treatise of Metallica. And therefore concerning the first point. The Transcript of his majesties most gracious grant and privilege doth evidently show and inform the Reader, that amongst many other inventions granted for one and thirty years, myself, my Executors, Deputies and Assigns, may only make, practice, and put in use, within any of his majesties Realms and Dominions, the working, melting, and effecting of Iron, Steele, and other Mettles with Sea-coal, or Pit-coale. The principal end of which invention is, that the Woods and Timber of our country might be saved, maintained and preserved from the great consumption and waste of our common Furnaces and Iron-Milnes, which as they are now ordinarily built and framed, can burn, spend, and consume no other fuel but Char coal. The which devise if it may be effected accordingly (as I make no doubt but by God's blessing I shall) will prove to be the best and most profitable business and Invention that ever was known or invented in England these many years.  
For (to speak nothing of the great benefit, and profit which may be raised and made by twenty other Inventions comprised and comprehended under the Patent) the yearly value of this mettle-businesse alone, will amount unto 330. thousand pounds, per annum, after the second or third year, as appeareth by this calculation.  

A Calculation showing how the Mettle Invention or Art, which maketh all kind of Mettles or Metalique substance, with Pit-coale or Sea-coal, will be worth per annum. 330. thousand pounds, immediately after the two first years, which are the allotted times for Trials and Conformities, without any charges, (except the charges of Trials) to the Pattentees, Partners, Assistants, and Dealers.  
THere are planted already in England and Wales, eight hundred Milnes for the making of Iron, for there are four hundred Milnes in Surry, Kent, & Sussex, as the townsmen of Haslemore have testified and numbered unto me, there are also 200. Milnes in Wales, and 20. in Nottinghamshire, as the Author hath been credibly informed.  
Now we may well suppose, that all England, Scotland and Ireland (besides the forenamed shires) will make up the number of 180. Milnes more, being in all 800. Milnes.  
Moreover one Milne alone spendeth yearly in Charcoal 500 pound and more, as diverse Clerks and workmen in Iron business, have credibly testified, which in pit-coale will be done with the charges of 30. or 40. pounds, after the Inuentioners' manner and invention, or at the most with 50. pound, where carriage is far and chargeable.  
So that this new Invention in the 800. Iron milnes, will save and gain de claro the owners of those milnes 320. thousand pounds yearly, over and above their ordinary and annual gains, as it appeareth by this proportion.  
One Milne alone saveth yearly 400. li. Ergo, 800. Milnes save yearly 320. thousand pounds.  
Again the said Metalique invention, being put and converted to Led, Tin, Copper, Brass, and Glasse-mettle, in all the several Minerals of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, will questionless clear yearly, by means of Fuel, above ten thousand pounds more; over and beside the ordinary gains in the said business. So that the yearly Iron revenues, added unto these other Metalique revenues, do amount unto 330. thousand pounds, as was said before.  
Now out of these Metalique gains of 330. thousand pounds yearly, the owners of the Milnes, Hearths, and Furnaces, may have and receive liberal rates and proportions allowed and allotted unto them, over and beside their ordinary gains, only in am of conforming their Furnaces, Fineries and Chafferies to this Invention of Pitt-coale and Earth-coale. And also the Kings most excellent Majesty, the Prince his Highness, the Duke of York, the Lord Viscount Rotchester, and other parties interressed in the Patent, may by their Composition and agreement with the said Owners and Iron-Maisters, yearly receive, by way of rents and licences, the residue of that gains which remaineth over and above that which was allotted and allowed to the Iron-Maisters, for applying of this Invention to their ordinary way of making of Iron, as more fully shall be specified, showed, and proved in the Apendix of this Treatise, which I am now preparing for the Printer and the Press with all convenient speed.  
This may suffice therefore, to give the Reader satisfaction, concerning the two first points, for the knowledge and the worth of the businesses, and concerning the manner how certain yearly annuities may be raised to the dealers and assistants.  
Now to persuade the third point, that the Author is able to effect the work undertaken, in as ample manner as he propoundeth; we plead and allege as followeth.  
First the Inuentioner by his study, industry, and practise, hath already brought to pass and published diverse projects and new devices, aswell Literal as Mechannicall, very beneficial to the commonwealth. His Literare Inventions do appear and are known partly by his Printed Treatise of Dibere Adam, which is a Scholastical engine Aucomaton, and partly in diverse other Manuscripts which he hath to show. His new Mechanics already performed, are to be seen in the Inventions which he calleth by the names of Pressewares, Wood-pleits, Balance, Engine, Baramyha, and Hubla, of all which in private speech he is ready more largely to confer, and to manifest their truth and goodness at his Worke-houses at Islington and Highbury. To conclude, 
1. Sam. 17.34. Thus David reasoneth from the Bear and Lion to Golyah the Giant.  therefore he doubteth not but (by God's blessing & assistance, semblably with success) to effect his Invention of Iron-works, as also all his other Metallique devices and Inventions, here contained in the Patent, or Privilege of Metallica.  
Secondly the consideration of things in the like nature with it, are good inducements to persuade us well of this project, for Brick-making, Brewing, Dying, Casting of Brasse-workes, etc. were (not many years since) done altogether with the fuel of wood and Charcoal; in stead whereof Sea-coal is now used as effectually and to as good use and purpose. Again (that which is somewhat nearer the mark) the Blacksmith long agone forged all his Iron with Charcoal (as in some places where they are cheap they continue this course still) but these many years small Sea-coal hath, and doth serve the turn, as well and sufficiently. Add hereunto, that very lately by a wind-Furnace, green glass, for windows, is made as well with Pit-coale at Winchester house in Southwark as it is done in other places with much waist & consuming of infinite store of Billetts and other Woodfuell.  
Thirdly the Invention hath already experimented and made trial of the chief particular means and Instruments of divers cheap ways of making of Irons in real and substantial moddles to himself (though in small things, according as his means would give him leave.) And this of his credit and honesty he avoucheth and protesteth: wherefore he more confidently presumeth to work the same effects in grander Instruments and means of trial, after that he hath received allowance of the dealers and assistants for it.  
Fourthly there can be no doubt of performing the matter propounded, if the Inuentioner can but make, or cause Sea-coal to become as serviceable for Metallique purposes as wood & Charcoal is: The art and skill whereof consisteth chiefly in three points: The first is to bring Earth-coale to that equality of heat that Wood or Charcoal hath; That is to say, that it make neither hotter nor colder fire than the Wood or Charcoal doth: The second means, is so to order and prepare Pit-coale, that all malignant proprieties, which are aversse from the nature of Metallique substances, may be extracted from it, or at least destroyed in it: The third means is, the addition and infusion of those deficient proprieties, which as they are in Charcoal, so ought they to be found in Pit-coale.  
Now this threefold mystery and secret, the Author can certainly perform and achieve, by the powerful efficacy and means of his dexterous prerogative instruments, devised for this purpose; as more at large is showed, both in this Treatise, and in the Apendix, which very shortly shall come forth, and also shall be further confirmed and justified by his daily experiments and trials, which he will be ready to show to them whom they shall any ways touch or concern, or to them who are otherwise desirous to assist and deal for the experimenting and accomplishing of these so worthy good businesses. And then also they shall know my purpose for Contracting and bargaining by word of mouth, as it is best fitting for private dealings and negotiating.  
And thus (having briefly touched these four premised points) I conclude and shut up this Preface of Metallica. Humbly and unfeignedly beseeching the Lord, who by his holy spirit inspired * Bezaleel, 
Exod. 31.1.2.  Aholiab and * Hiram, with the light of Mechannicall Inventions, 
2. Cro. 2.7.14.  and in all manner of workmanship, for his effectual blessings in these our enterprises, 
Nisi dom. aedificaverit. Psalm. 127  that that which was begun in his fear, may be prosecuted & fully accomplished and built by his heavenly & helpful hands, to the glory of his name, and for the good welfare and emolument of the Kings most excellent Majesty, the Church and the Political estate wherein we live. Amen.  
Simon Sturtevant.    

To the Reader, concerning the Errata.  
TO pretermit the correction of the lesser literare faults, read and place, I pray you, the four first lines. pag. 73. immediately before the 61. question, for they are misplaced.  

Errata.  
Pag. 17. l. 12. 31. parts, for 33. parts. pag. 45. l. 11. Ignimetallica, for In-ignimetallica. pa. 56. l. 17. Instruments for Emporeuticks. ibid. l. 21. Instrument, for Emporeutick. pa. 73. l. 13 consisteth, for consisting. pa. 76. l. 7. divers means for divers things. pag. 77. l. 11. be encroached, for be not encroached. pa. 93. l. 26. edge, for edge-tool. pa. 94. l. 3. fire, colouring, for fier-colouring. pa. 108. l. 10. alter-slagge, for after-slagge.  
In the Epistle to the Reader, in some copies, pag. 1. of A. l. 11. Dibere for Dibre. l. 12. Aucomaton, for Automaton. l. 18. Hubla, for Lubla.    

Metallica.  

CAPUT. 1. The Transcript of his majesties Indenture.  
Reader.  
AS I understand, you have promised and covenanted in your Patent more fully and evidently to express and enlarge in a Printed treatise, to be called Metallica, every point and part of your privileged business, to the intent that the Reader might the better conceive and judge of the Inventions propounded, and might the sooner also be induced to assist, and set forward, so good and worthy works: First therefore I demand of you by what name and appellation you entitle that general head, under the which you reduce and comprehend all the several Arts and Inventions of your Patent.  
Author. The general, that comprehendeth all the other particular Inventions, is called Metallica, which is a word derived and deduced from the Greek and Latin words Metallon, and Metallum, which signify, in English, Mettles, which properly are Mineral substances, digged and taken out of the earth, of which sort, are Iron, Led, Tin, Copper, Brass, Gold, and Silver, etc.  
R. 2. Doth your Patent of Metallica, only contain the making of mettles by the means of Sea-coal and Pit-coale, and with your other Metallicall instruments which you have devised for that purpose.  
A. His majesties gracious grant is very large and ample, for it doth not only comprehend and privilege the making of all kind of mettles, after the manner prescribed, but also equally authorizeth and licenseth any other Mechanic inventions comprehended under the general definition of Metallica which is mentioned in the Schedules or Manuscript treatise annexed to the Patent, which Schedules have the same force and validity as his majesties Indenture itself.  
R. 3. Then that I may certainly know and understand the extent of your privilege, repeat, I pray you, word by word, the definition of Metallica, as it is written in the said Schedules, annexed to your Patent.  
A. Metallica mentioned in the petition, is thus defined. Metallica is an Art or Invention, showing how diverse things and Materials, now made and attained unto, in a very chargeable sort, after the ordinary way, may be made and attained to after a more cheaper manner, and as with the help of common instruments: so more especially by diverse new devised Metallicall instruments and means.  
From these Metallicall instruments, the Art is generally called Metallica.  
R. 4. This summary definition giveth me some general light and understanding into your businesses, but that I may be the more fully satisfied, I pray you rehearse also the tenor of his majesties grant, as it is under the broad seal of England.  

 royal blazon or coat of arms HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE   

James R.  
THIS Indenture made, the xxix. day of February, in the years of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord james, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, etc. of England, France and Ireland the ninth, & of Scotland the xlv. Between our said Sovereign Lord, of the one party, and Simon Sturtevant Gentleman of the other party. WHEREAS the said Simon Sturtevant, by long his study & great charge, hath attained unto diverse new exact Mechanic Arts, Mysteries, Ways and Secrets of his own Invention, whereby all kind of mettles, works, and other things and materials, as namely Irons, Steeles, Leads, Tins, Coppers, Brasses, and such like. Secondly all kind of Metalique concoctions, as Sand-mettles, Ash-mettles, Ammels, and such like. Thirdly, all kind of Burnt-earths', as Tiles, Paving-stones, Bricks, and such like. Fourthly all kind of Pres-wares, as Prest-tiles, Prest-bricks, Prest-monions, Prest-stones and such like, with diverse other things and materials now made after the ordinary course, with Wood-fewell and Charcoal, may be aswell made, wrought, and effected, as the said Simon Sturtevant affirmeth, with Sea-coal, Pit-coale, Earth-coale, and Brush-fewell, whereby the Woods now generally wasted, in all the chief woodland countries of this realm of England by Iron milnes, and such other Metallicall Furnaces and hearths, may be preserved from the great consumption thereof, and saved from like inconvenience in other his majesties dominions, all which premises, so by this new Invention to be made, the said Simon Sturtevant hath undertaken, shall be in substance and for use as sufficient and as good as the other like Materials now made and wrought with the chargeable and excessive waste of Wood and Charcoal. AND whereas also the said Simon Sturtevant, for the better making, working, effecting, beating, burning, melting and effecting, the said metals, works, things, and Materials, by and with Sea-coal, Pit-coale, Earth-coale, and Brush-fewell, hath by his said Invention and skill, invented divers Furnaces, hearths, tests, tools, engines, milnes, and other instruments and means, new, and of his own Invention, never heretofore used or put in practice by any other. And hath also by his said Inventions and skill, attained to the knowledge how to use and employ diverse other common instruments, to the making, working, and effecting the said mettles, works, materials, and things, which other common instruments have been heretofore, and are used in other arts, sciences, and manuel occupations, but were not, nor have been as yet converted, used, or employed, to, for, or about the making, working, effecting, & producing the said mettles, works, materials and things: which said skill & Inventions of the said S. Sturtevant, & the said mettles, works, things, and other Materials, and the means and instruments whereby to work and effect the same, are in some measure mentioned and expressed in the Schedule or Schedules, to these presents annexed, and shall be more fully, amply, and particularly demonstrated, specified, described, and contained in a large treatise, which the said Simon Sturtevant hath already conceived, and shall be put in Print, and so published before the last day of Easter term next ensuing the date hereof, which Treatise so to be Printed, shall be entitled, A Treatise of Metallica: which said Inventions of the said Simon, may and will prove beneficial to the commonwealth, both in regard of the abundant plenty of the said things and materials which it daily will bring forth, as also because it saveth and preserveth abundance of Timber, Charcoal, Wood-fewell, and other things and commodities wastefully consumed and spent, the general want whereof already is felt. AND, for as much as our said Sovereign Lord is given to understand, that this art, skill, industry and inventions of the said Simon Sturtevant, of making, casting, founding, working, and acquiring of the aforesaid mettles, works of Iron, materials, & things by Sea-coal, Pit-coale, Earth-coale and Brush-fewell, and all and every, or any of them, and also the making of the said new devised engines, hearths, furnaces, and other means and instruments, and the employing of the said instruments, used in other sciences and Arts, to the making, working, effecting, and producing the said Mettales and other works, materials and things, is a thing not yet practised nor brought into any trade, occupation or mystery, within any of his kingdoms, but is an Invention in substance new, and which shall not prejudice or cross any from privilege or grant by his Majesty heretofore made or granted under the great seal of England, for the using and making of any former Invention, and therefore fit to be privileged for a certain time, the rather for that his Highness conceiveth, that the said inventions and skills, may and will become profitable and good for the commonwealth of these realms, and also augment his customs and impost, in regard it bringeth forth great and abundant store of the aforesaid Materials and things, not only for the use of his highness realms and dominions here at home, but also for traffic and Merchandise into foreign countries abroad, which are customeable. In regard whereof and also for, and in consideration of the good, faithful and acceptable services heretofore done and performed unto his said Majesty, by the said Simon Sturtevant, As also to the end that the said Simon Sturtevant may receive some convenient recompense, benefit and profit for his said services, as also for his studies, labours and charges in perfecting these Inventions, to the Common good, which may ensue hereby to his highness Realms and Dominions. THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH that our said sovereign Lord the King, of his especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, and of his prerogative royal, hath given and granted, and by these presents for him, his heirs and successors doth give and grant, unto the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators and assigns, and his, and their Deputy and Deputies the sole, full, absolute and free power, liberty and authority, to make, work, produce, accquire and bring forth, all kind of the aforesaid mettles, and other the materials, and things, by, and with Sea-coal, Pitt-coale, Earth-coale, Brush-fewell, and all, every, or any of them, in all parts and places of his majesties realms of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, and also within all the same places and dominions, to make, frame, erect, acquire, and provide, or cause to be made, framed, erected, acquired, and provided, all necessary Instruments and means. As namely, all Worke-houses, Furnaces, Hearths, Milnes, Structures, Engines, Vesels, Tests, Tools, Instruments, Devises, or things of Iron, or other stuff or substance whatsoever, which are already in use, in any other trade, mystery, art, or occupation, and as yet not exercised or used, in, or about the making, working, casting, founding, acquiring, and producing of the said mettles and other materials and things, for, and to the end and purpose aforesaid, viz. to make, work and effect the said mettles, and other materials, and things, by, and with Sea-coal, Pit-coale, Earth-coale and Brushfewel, and all, every, or any of them. And also in all the said places and dominions, to make, frame and erect, use, and employ, or cause to be framed and erected all the said new Furnaces, hearths, devices, instruments and means, which are merely of the new Invention of the said Simon Sturtevant, to, for, in, or about the making, working, casting, founding, acquiring, and producing of the said mettles, and other the said Materials and things, and to all or any other purpose or purposes use or uses, whatsoever, in as ample sort and manner as they or any of them are described, expressed, or mentioned in the Schedule to these presents annexed, or shall be more fully demonstrated, specified, or mentioned in the Treatise of Metallica, which shall be as aforesaid Printed, before the last day of Easter Term next ensuing. AND our said Sovereign Lord doth further by these presents, for him, his heirs, & successors, assign, appoint, ordain, constitute, licence and authorize the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators, and assigns, to have the sole power, liberty, and authority, by and with Sea-coal, Pit-coale, Earth-coale, and Brush-fewell, and all, every, or any of them, and by his said Inventions, arts, and skills invented and devised for the making of all kinds of the said mettles, and other the Materials and things, and also for the making, framing, and erecting of all such Instruments and means, as Worke-houses, Furnaces, Milnes, Quernes, Structures, Engines, Vessels, Tools, Instruments, Devises, and things heretofore used in any other Arts or Sciences, to be employed or used in or about the making, working or producing the said metals, things, and materials, or any of them, as aforesaid, and also to have the sole power, liberty, and authority, for the making, framing, erecting, or producing of all the said new devices, instruments, and means Metallicall, as aforesaid, in what sort, or about what thing soever the same or any of them shall be used or employed: and that the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators, assigns, and his & their deputy & deputies, & none other, without his, or their special licence or toleration, shall or may make any kind, or kinds of the said metles, & other the materials & things, by, or with sea-coal, pit-coale, earth-coale, & brushfewel, or all, some, or any of them, by means of, or by using & employing the said Inventions of the said Simon, or any part or parcel of them, or any of them, or make, frame & erect, any the said workhouses, furnaces, hearths, milnes, structures, engines, tests, vessels, tools, instruments, devices & things heretofore used, in any other arts, or sciences, which by the said inventions of the said Simon, shallbe transferred or converted, or turned to be used, exercised & employed, in, or about the making, casting, founding, working, acquiring and producing of the said mettles or materials, things and devices, by, or with Sea-coal, earth-coale, pit-coale, and brush-fewell, or all, some, or any of them, or to make, frame, or erect, any of the said new devised instruments and means of the said Simon, either to the making, casting, working, or effecting, all or any the said works, metles, or materials, by or with sea-coal, earth-coale, and brush-fewell, or all, some, or any of them, or to any other end or purpose whatsoever. TO have and to hold, use, exercise and enjoy, the sole making, casting, founding, working, tempering, acquiring, and producing of all and every the said mettles, and other the said premises, in manner & form aforesaid, and to the end & purposes aforesaid, unto the said S. Sturtevant, his executors, administrators and assigns, and by his and their deputy & deputies, for & during the time and term of 31. years, now next coming, immediately from & after the date of these presents. Yielding, rendering & paying therefore, yearly & every year immediately, from, and after the date hereof, for, and during the said term of 31. years, to our said Sovereign Lord, his heirs and successors, at the receipt of his highness Exchequer at Westmin. always in the term of S. Michael, ten parts of such sum or sums of money, and other clear yearly profits, in 33. parts to be divided, as he the said Simon Sturtenant, his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall yearly have or receive, during the said term of one and thirty years, by way of composition or otherwise, for, or by making, framing, or erecting, casting, founding, and acquiring, or otherwise, for licensing or authorizing any person or persons whatsoever, to make, frame, cast, erect, found, or acquire, any of the said Materials, Worke-houses, Furnaces, Hearths, Milnes, Stuctures, Engines, Vessels, Tests, Tools, Instruments, devices, and things aforesaid, The charges and expenses in and about the same, and every of them, expended out of the said thirty three parts, always deducted and allowed to the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators and assigns, And likewise yielding, rendering, and paying, unto the most excellent Prince Henry, eldest son of our said Sovereign Lord, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester, & his executors or administrators, yearly and every year, during the said term of one and thirty years, in the same terms of Saint Michael five parts of the said sum and sums of money, and other clear profits in thirty three parts to be divided, to be always paid and delivered to such person or persons as the said most excellent Prince shall appoint to receive the same, at his highness Palace of Saint james in the County of Middlesex. And also yielding, rendering, and paying unto the most high and mighty Prince Charles Duke of York; second Son of our said Sovereign Lord, unto his executors and administrators during the said term of thirty one years in the same terms of Saint Michael the Archangel, two parts of the said sum and sums of money and other clear profits afore said in 31 parts to be divided to be always paid and delivered, at the said Palace of Saint james, to such person or persons as our said Sovereign Lord the King, during the Mynority of the said Duke of York, and after his full age he the said Duke shall appoint to receive the same: And moreover yielding, rendering, and paying unto Robert Viscount Rochester Baron of Wainick his executors and administrators in the same terms of Saint Michael and at the said, Palace of S. james one part of the said sum and sums of money, and other clear parts to be divided. AND as concerning the residue of the said sum and sums of money, and other clear profits to be divided, it shall and may be lawful, to, and for, the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators, and assigns, to retain and keep one part thereof to his or their own proper use and uses, and for the other fourteen yearly parts of the said thirty three parts of the said yearly sum and sums of money, and other clear yearly profits; It shall, and may be lawful, to, and for the said Simon Sturtenant, his executors, administrators, and assigns, at his, and their discretion, and in such manner and form, and by such rates and proportions, as he, and they, shall in their discretions think meet to dispose thereof and to expend and distribute the same, and every part and parcel thereof, amongst such person, or persons, as shall adventure, join, be assisting, aiding or helping to the advancing, or setting forwards of the works and inventions aforesaid, or any of them, and amongst such person or persons as shall be owners of the said workhouses, furnaces, hearthes', milnes, structures, engine, vessels, tests, tools, instruments, devices, and things before mentioned, or any of them.  
And the said Simon Sturtevant, for him, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns and for every of them, doth covenant, and grant, by these presents, to, and with, our sovereign Lord, his heirs, and successors, that he the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall, and will, yearly and every year, during the said term of one and thirty years, well and truly yield, render, satisfy, content and pay, or cause to be contented and paid, the said ten parts of the said clear profits, in manner and form aforesaid, unto our Sovereign Lord, his Heirs, and Successors, and shall, and will likewise, during the aforesaid Term of one and thirty years, well and truly yield, render, satisfy, content and pay unto the said Prince of Wales, his executors or administrators the said five parts of the said clear profits, in manner and form aforesaid, And also to the said Duke his executors or administrators the said two parts of the said clear profits in manner and form aforesaid, And also to the said Lord Viscount Rochester, his executors or administrators the said one part of the clear profits in manner and form as the same one part is formerly in these presents appointed to be yielded, rendered and paid to the said Lord Viscount Rochester, his executors and administrators; AND for as much as when the said skill, work, and Inventions of the said Simon Sturtevant, which he by his great industry, cost and expenses hath attained to, shall appear and be made commonly known, it is very likely that many persons will without the privity of the said Simon Sturtevant his executors, administrators or assigns, make, frame, and erect the like, and peradventure having his Platform, add thereunto some further new invention for their gains, or otherwise put the same in practice at their pleasure, and make the said mettles, and other materials and premises aforesaid, thereby reaping the fruits of the labours of the said Simon Sturtevant, and so defraud, both our said Sovereign Lord, and the said Prince, and the said Duke of York, and the said Lord Viscount Rochester, and also the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators and assigns, and such others, as shall adventure therein, of a great part of the benefit and profit which might otherwise accrue unto our said Sovereign Lord, and to the said most excellent Prince, and Duke of York, and to the said other parties by such skill, work, and Invention aforesaid. Our said Sovereign Lord therefore, favouring the good endeavours and studies of the said Simon Sturtevant in the premises, and his former service done unto his Highness, for him, his heirs and successors, for the better encouraging of him the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators and assigns, in the same, and the better to enable him to undergo and bear the burden and charge thereof, and to avoid all deceit that any way may hinder our said Sovereign Lord, or the said most excellent Prince, or Duke of York, or any of the said parties aforesaid, doth by these presents declate and signify, that his majesties Royal will and pleasure is, and our said Sovereign Lord doth hereby straightly will, and command, all, and every person or persons, of what state, degree, or condition soever, that they, nor any of them, during the said term of one and thirty years, shall not presume or attempt, by any art, devise, skill, or cunning, directly or indirectly, without the special licence, allowance, and consent of him the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators, or assigns, or of his, or their deputy, or deputies, thereunto by him, or them lawfully authorized, to make, frame, erect, contrive, or perform any kind, or kinds of the aforesaid mettles, and the other Materials and things, or any of them, by, or with Sea-coal, Pit-coale, Earth-coale and Brush-fewell, or all, some, or any of them, by all, or any the said Inventions, or means, invented or devised by the said Simon, or by using or exercising any part, or parcel of the same, or to utter, or sell the said mettles, or other materials, or things so made, framed, or performed, or any of them, or to make, frame, work, erect, use or employ, within any the said Realms and Dominions of our said Sovereign Lord the King, any such or the like engines, instruments, or works heretofore used in any other Arts or Sciences, for, or to the making, founding, or effecting the said mettles, things and materials, by and with Sea-coal, Pitt-coale, Earth-coale, and Brush-fewell, and all, or any of them, or any of the said new devised Instruments and things, either too, or about the making or working the said mettles, things, and materials, as aforesaid, or to any end or purpose whatsoever, or to make or do, any act or thing, whereby, or by means whereof, our said Sovereign Lord the King, or the said most excellent Prince of Wales, or the said Duke of York, or the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators or assigns, or other the said parties, shall or may sustain any prejudice, loss or detriment, in the said Inventions or works, or in any profit or commodity which they, or any of them, may or might otherwise have, receive, or enjoy, by means of the same inventions or works, or any of them, upon pain of the high displeasure of our said Sovereign Lord the King, and upon pain of imprisonment of their bodies, and forfeitures of all, and every the said materials, instruments, and things aforesaid, which shallbe wrought, framed, or made, by any person or persons, contrary to the tenor of these presents, and Royal prohibition therein, with such further penalties, pains, and forfeitures, as by the laws and statutes of the said Realms, can, or may be inflicted, upon them, or any of them, for their wilful and obstinate disobedience, and contempt of his Highness said commandment and prerogative Royal. And if it shall happen that any person or persons, contemptuously neglecting this his majesties will and pleasure, in these presents declared, after notice thereof given, shall make or acquire any kind or kinds of the aforesaid mettles, and other the materials and things, by, or with seacoal, Pit-coale, Eearth-coale & Brushfuell, or all, some, or any of them, by any of the said means and Inventions, or any part or parcel of them or any of them, or shall frame, work, erect, use or employ any such or the like engines, instruments, tools, implements or works, for, and to the purpose and purposes aforesaid, the same, and all, and every of them shall be taken and seized, by the Constable or other officer, dwelling nearest thereunto, to, and for the only use and behoof of our said sovereign Lord the King, his heirs and successors, AND further our said sovereign Lord the King of his more abundant grace, certain knowledge and mere motion doth by these presents for him, his heirs and successors, give and grant full power and authority to the said Simon Sturtevant, his executors, administrators, and assigns, and his and their Deputy and Deputies and every of them with the assistance of a Constable, tithing-man, Headborough, or any other ordinary officer in any City, town, place, or places, as well within the liberties as without, within the said Realms and Dominions, at all and every time and times, to have access and entry into any house, place, and places, where such mettles and other the premises shall be made and wrought or otherwise laid up contrary to his majesties grant, and there to search, provide, and see, that during the said term of 31. years, no manner of such or the like Inventions, works, or practises, of making, or erecting, any kind, or kinds, of the said mettles and other the premises to be made, wrought, sold, used, or employed, within the said Realms contrary to the true meaning of these presents, and by all lawful and convenient ways and means to search, see examine and find out, all offences during the said time that shall be committed contrary to any gift, licence, authority, commandment, prohbition, or other thing in these presents mentioned, specified, and to seize, as aforesaid, such instruments and other things whatsoever, made, framed, or erected, used, exercised or occupied contrary to the true intent of these presents or any clause herein contained. And his highness will and pleasure is, and by these presents for him, his heirs and successors, his Majesty doth straightly charge and command all justices of peace, Majors, Sheriffs, bailiffs, Constables and all other Officers, ministers and subjects of his Highness, his heirs and successors for the time being, that they and every of them, during the said term of 31. years, or the duplicate exemplification or the enrolment thereof, shall be aiding & assisting to the said S. Sturtevant, his executors, administrators, assigns & deputies & every of them in the due execution of all and every the said grants, authorities, commandments, licences, privileges, inhibitions, prohibitions, and every other thing in these presents mentioned and specified, or any of them. PROVIDED always, that this Indenture, nor any thing therein contained, shall extend, or be construed to extend, to restrain or hinder any person or persons, for using, or exercising any their own Inventions or Arts heretofore exercised, put in use, and privileged, by any his majesties Letters Partents, heretofore made and granted to them or any of them, but that it shall, and may be lawful, to and for all and every the said person or persons, to exercise, use, and put in practice all and every the said inventions heretofore practised, put in use, exercised, and privileged by any of the said Letters Patents, to them, or any of them, made or granted, in as ample sort, and manner, as they might, or may, exercise, practice, or use the same, if these presents had never been had, or made any in these presents to the contrary notwithstanding. IN WITNESS whereof, to the one part of these Indentures remaining with the said Simon Sturtevant, our said Sovereign Lord the King's Majesty, hath caused the great Seal of England to be put, and to the other part thereof remaining with our said Sovereign Lord the King, the said Simon Sturtenant hath put his seal. Yeoven the day and year first above written.  
Exam. Henry Hubbert.   

The Docquet to the Patent.  
THis is your majesties part of the Indentures, whereby your Highness doth grant, licence, and privilege unto Simon Sturtevant Gentleman. That be, his executors, deputies, and assigns only, and none other, shall and may, during the term of 31. years, make, practice, and put in use, within any your majesties Realms and dominions, certain Inventions, Furnaces, and Instruments, devised and invented by himself, for the working, and effecting with Sea-coal, Pitt-coale, Earth-coale, and Brush-fewell, divers things and works heretofore done with Wood-fewell, as namely Irous, Steeles, Leads, Tinnes, Coppers, Brasses, Glassemettles, Mines, Tiles, Bricks, Potter-ware, and such like. And there is reserved to your Majesty upon this grant, ten parts in thirty three parts, to be divided of the clear yearly profits that shall be made by the said new Inventions: and to the Prince his Highness, five of those parts: and to the Duke of York two of those parts, and to the Lord Viscount Rochester, one of those parts; and to the said Simon Sturtevant one other of those parts, and to the disbursers of the moneys for the trial and effecting of the said Inventions, fourteen such parts, and the declaration and discovering of this Invention, is partly set down in a certain sckedule, which is to be annexed to these Indentures. And the full and plain manifestation thereof is to be set forth in Print, by the said Simon Sturtevant, before the last day of Easter term next, and containeth a proviso, that this new grant shall not cross any former grant, heretofore made to any others.   


And is done upon signification given unto me by Christopher Perkins, Knight, of your majesties good pleasure in that behalf.  
Exam. Henry Hubbert.   

It is his majesties pleasure, that these do pass by immediate warrant.  
Robert Salisbury. Received 29. of February 1611.   

An Indenture between the King's Majesty, and S. Sturtevant.  
COPPIN.     

The Manuscript Treatise of Metallica. CAPUT. 2.  
Reader.  
5. IN the Transcript of his majesties Indenture, which you have rehearsed, there is further reference unto a manuscript Treatise, or certain schedules which are annexed unto the grant, which I pray you also rehearse unto me, according to the Tenor of the words in the original.  
A. The manuscript Treatise of Metallica, which otherwise is termed by the names of schedules in the Indenture, is comprehended in these ten Sections following.  

SECT. 1. Metallica, the general of all Metallicall Arts.  
MEtallica, mentioned in the petition, is thus defined.  
Metallica is an Art or Invention, showing how divers things and materials, now made and attained unto in a very chargeable sort, after the ordinary way, may be made and attained unto after a more cheaper manner, and as with the help of common instruments, so more especially by divers new devised Metallicall Instruments and means, as in the printed treatise of Metallica, more at large shall be mentioned and expressed.  
From these Metallicall Instruments the Art is generally called Metallica.  
The doctrine of Metallica cannot distinctly be known or methodically expressed, except that the Art which prescribeth precepts, general to all Arts & inventions called Heuretica be first precognized.  
R. Define Heuretica.  
Heuretica is the Art of inventions, teaching how to find out new, and to judge of the old, and so forth, as followeth in the printed treatise of Metallica.  
Metallica, thus generally described is of two sorts, Ignemetallica, which worketh with fire and hearth, or Inignemetallica, which useth not the means of fire, for to attain to the thing or material intended, yet it useth the other Metallicall Instruments, whereupon it is called more properly Metallorganica.  
Ignemetallica, comprehendeth many general inventions, which are reduced into these 7. heads, first Metallica, propriae dicta, secondly Pressoria, thirdly Terrica, four Hydrelica, fifthly Hydrometallica, sixthly Hydropressoria, Seventhly Hydroterrica.   

SECT. 2. Metallica proprié dicta.  
MEtallica, in the proper and strict signification is thus defined.  
Metallica is an Ignick invention, for the cheaper making of all kinds of mettles or Metalique concoctures, by the means of cheap firing, and other Metallical, instruments, whereupon the materials and things made by this Art, are called Metaliques.  
The contents of Metallica, proprie dicta, in the several Materials which the Art maketh.  
The Metalique Materials are as 

1. All kind of Mettles as 

1. Prepared or roasted oars, Mine-stones, or Mettle-stones being the fit matter of Metallique liquors.  
2. Irons, Steeles.  
3. Leads.  
4. Tins.  
5. Coppers, brasses.  
6. Any other new kind of mettles, which may hereafter be found being made and wrought after the said Simon Sturtevant his manner and Invention.  
7. All compounded mettles of the same kind, as Pewters, Belmettles, Sodars, Candle-stickmettle, being made and wrought after the said Simon Sturtevant his manner and Invention.    
All kind of Metalique concoctures & their concreats, as 

1. All kind of Sand-mettles, or Ash-mettles.  
2. All kind of Ammels, Beugles, or such commixtures.  
3. All kind of Metallique slagges or cinders, if (perhaps) they may be turned to some profitable use.  
4. Other compounds of the forenamed concoctures, being made and wrought after the said Simon Sturtevant his manner and Invention.      
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned and enlarged in the Printed treatise of Metallica.   

SECT. 3. Metallicall Instruments.  
THe Instruments and means Metallicall, which are used for the producing of metallique materials or things, are of two sorts, common or peculiar.  
The common instruments are such which are borrowed from other trades, occupations and mysteries, amongst which we have especially use of joiners, Smiths, Turner's, not only of their Instruments and Tools, but also of their Emporeuticks which they ordinarily make, as Presses, Vices, Screwes, bellows, Tongues, etc. made either of Iron and Wood, or of both together.  
The peculiar instruments are those that are of the Author's Invention, being of chief and principal use, for the working of Metallicall effects.  
The peculiar Instruments of invention, are principally of three sorts, Lenick, Plegnick and Caminick.  
Lenicks are peculiar Metallicall instruments, which work their operation and effect by pressing, impressioning, or moulding, and that either by thrusting or drawing.  
All the kinds of these Lenick instruments, are at large described in the doctrine of the art Pressoria, which is part of the Printed treatise of Metallica.  
There is great use of these Lenick instruments, for the tempering and commixing of Sea-coal and Stone-coale.  
Plegnicks are peculiar Metallicall instruments, which perform their operation and effect, by their dexterous and artificial joint-mooving.  
All the kinds of Plegnick instruments, are at large described in the doctrine of the art Plegnica, which is part of the Printed treatise of Metallica.  
There is great use of the Plegnick instruments for the making of Eumechanick and reformed Milnes & Bellowses.  
Caminicks are peculiar Metallicall instruments, which perform their operation and effect, by the new kind of Furnacing and Hearthing.  
All the kinds of Caminick instruments, are at large described in the doctrine of the art Caminica, which is part of the Printed treatise of Metallica.  
The instruments Metallicall, although they are of chief use in all the Metallicall arts, yet are they more peculiarly belonging to Metallica, proprie dicta, and for this cause they are annexed to it.  
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned, and enlarged in the printed treatise of Metallica.   

SECT. 4. Pressoria.  
PRessoria is a kind of Ignick Invention, which by the means of cheap firing, and by other Metallicall Instruments and means, maketh all kinds of Presswares or Mould-wares.  
Pressware or Mould-ware is any thing that can be made, wrought, or form of clay and earth, not by hand, and the round table (as the Potter's use) but by Press and Mould, or by pressing and moulding, and that by the help of Metallicall Instruments and means.  
There be many sorts and kinds of Presswares by reason of different figures and divers uses unto which they are to be applied, all which kinds are reduced to these two heads of Rude-ware and Polished ware.  
Rude-ware are such sorts of Pressware, which after they are pressed and moulded, require no further ornament; as Prest-pipes, Prest-tiles, Prest-brickes, Prest-stones: and such like, expressed in the printed treatise of Metallica.  
Pollisht-ware, are such sorts of Presswares, which after they are pressed and moulded, do receive further ornament or beauty, as prest-monions for windows, and prest-columnes, and such like, described in the Printed treatise of Metallica.  
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned and enlarged in the printed treatise of Metallica.   

SECT. 5. Terrica.  
TErrica is an Ignick invention, for the cheaper making of all kinds of Burnt-earths', by means of Metallicall instruments, whereupon the Materials made by this Art, are called Terricks.  
The contents of Terrica, in the sever all Materials which the Art maketh.  
The Terrick Materials, are all kind of burnt-earth, as 

1. All bricks burnt or baked, after the said Simon Sturtevant his manner and invention, though made and moulded according to common order of Brick-makers.  
2. All kind of Tiles burnt or baked, after the said S. Surtevant his manner and invention, though made, and moulded according to common order of Tile-making.  
3. All kind of Potter-ware, burnt or baked after the said S. Sturteu. his manner & Invention, though moulded according to common order.  
4. All kind of limbs, plasters, allablasters burnt, after the said Simon Sturtevant his manner and Invention.  
5. All kind of Way-stones, Way-gravels, Way-earths', burnt and made after the said Simon Sturtevant his manner and Invention, This art is called Itineraria.  
6. Lastly, any other kind of burnt-earths', that hereafter may be devised, as good and profitable for the commonwealth, being made, , and wrought, after the said Simon Sturtevant his manner and Invention.    
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned and enlarged in the Printed treatise of Metallica.   

SECT. 6. Hydrelica.  
HYdrelica, is an Ignick invention, for the cheaper making of all kinds of hot liquids, or liquoures, by the means of Metallicall instruments, whereupon the materials made by this art are called Hydrelicks.  
The contents of Hydrelica in the several Materials which the Art maketh.  
1. The Hydrelick materials are, as 

All kind of Hydrelick waters and their concreats, of which there are diverse sorts, as 

1. All bathing waters, for washing of the body.  
2. All kind of washing, scouring waters, for washing of foul vessels, foul linen and other cloth.  
3. All kind of hot-borne, or liquor, for making of bear or ale, or any other kind of Beavoridge.  
4. All kind of hot or warm waters for dying of cloth, silk, or leathers, etc.  
5. All kind of hot-waters for Felt-making.  
6. Lastly, all hot-waters for other trades, occupations or mysteries, as the Treatise further expresseth.    
2. All kind of Hydrelick unctions, liquids, or liquors, which flame or burn, and their concreats, as 

1. Oils, Tallowes, Fats, Marrows, and such like.  
2. Waxes, Rossens, Pitches, Tarres, Turpentines, brimstones, & such like unctions, gums.    
3. All kind of Hydrelick liquors which are mixed and compounded of waterish and unctuous liquids & their concreats, as. 

1. All kind of Sopes', whether they be blacksopes, sweet-sopes, or white-sopes.  
2. Any other compound Hydrelick, which hereafter may be devised or found out, by the said S. Sturtevant his invention.      
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned and enlarged in the printed treatise of Metallica.   

SECT. 7. Hydrometallica.  
HYdrometallica is an Ignick invention, which with the same furnace, maketh at the same time, Metalique Materials, and Hydrelick Materials, both together, by means of Metallicall instruments, whereupon the Materials, made and brought forth by this Art, are procreated as pares, twins and couples, and are called from hence Hydrometalicks.  
The contents of Hydrometallica, being an Invention compounded of two kinds, is diverse and manifold, according to the several coupling and joining of the opposite simples together.  
As for example 

2. Mettle-stones prepared and hot-waters.  
1. Irons and hot-waters.  
3. Leads and hot-waters.  
4. Tins and hot-waters.  
5. Glasse-mettle & hot-waters, and so other couples of opposite Metaliques and Hydrelicks.    
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned, and enlarged in the Printed treatise of Metallica.   

SECT. 8. Hydropressoria.  
HYdropressoria, is an Ignick invention, which with the same fire, and the same furnace, maketh at the same time Pres-wares & Hydrelick Materials both together, by the means of the Metallicall instruments, whereupon the Materials made and brought forth by this Art, are procreated, as pares, twins, or couples, and are called from hence Hydro presswares.  
The contents of Hydropressoria, being an Invention compounded of two kinds, is divers and manifold, according to the several coupling and joining of the opposite simples together.  
As for example.  

1. Prest-pipes and hot-waters.  
2. Prest-tiles and hot-waters.  
3. Prest-bricks and hot-waters.  
4. Prest-monions and hot-waters.  
5. And such like combination & couples.   
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned and enlarged in the Printed treatise of Metallica.   

SECT. 9 Hydroterrica.  
HYdroterrica is an Ignicke invention, which with the same fire, and the same furnace, maketh at the same time, Terricke materials, and Hydrelicke materials both together, by means of metallicall instruments, whereupon the materials made, and brought forth by this art, are procreated as pares, twins, or couples, and are called from hence Hydroterrickes.  
The contents of Hydroterrica, being an Invention compounded of two kinds, is divers and manifold, according to the several coupling, and joining of the opposite simples together, as.  
Burnt-earth, and hot-water.  
As for Example. 


1. Bricks, and hot-water.  
2. Tiles, and hot-water.  
3. Potter-ware, and hot-water.  
4. And such like combination, & couples.     
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned and enlarged in the Printed treatise of Metallica.  
Note also that the compound arts, being rightly and discreetly performed, are far more profitable, than the practice of the single arts alone, and the reason is, because that by such a compound furnace, two different works are done at once, and in a manner with the same charge.  
And these are the seven several heads, and kinds of inventions: The general whereof is called Ignimetallica.  
There are also divers other new Arts, and inventions, which work not with fire, all which arise (in respect of the means and instruments) from the former, And therefore, the general of them all, is called Ignimetallica, or Metallorganica, as was specified before.   

SECT. 10. Metallorganica.  
Metallorganica is an invention Ignicke, for the cheaper making, & acquiring of diverse profitable things, works, and materials, by the means of the Metallicall instruments, fire only excepted, whereupon, the things made and acquired by this art, are called Metall-organickes.  
Metallorganica, comprehendeth many worthy inventions, whereof these seven are principal, every one of them making royalties a piece, excepting the wood pleite art.  
First, than there is a new art and invention, Metallorganicke, with chiefly, by means of Plegnicke instruments, maketh a new kind of water-milnes, windmilnes, and wind water milnes, and a new kind of horse-milnes, and handmilnes, for the grinding of corn, tanner's bark, brazill, for the sawing of woods, making of oils, battering of Irons and coppers, and for tuckeage, and fulleage of  cloth, or yellow oiled leathers, or for any other use or purpose whatsoever, which other milnes are ordinarily turned into. And these Metalorganicke milnes, are less chargeable to make, set up, keep and repair, and yet more necessary and convenient, than the ordinary sort of milnes, which be now in use.  
Secondly, there is another new art and invention, Metallorganicke, which chief by means of Plegnicke instruments, maketh also an artificial kind of waterwork, for the abundant raising and mounting of water, after an easier order, than those that are already in use in the common wealth.  
Thirdly, there is another new art and invention Metallorganicke, which chief by means of Plegnicke & Lenick instruments, jointly together, maketh singular, effectual and most excellent devices. and means for the dreyning and drying of marshes, fens, and low-grounds.  
Fourthly, there is another new art and invention Metallorganicke, which chief by means of Plegnike and Lenicke instruments, jointly together, maketh singular, effectual & most excellent devices & means for the ridding, clearing, and mounting of waters out of Coalpits & Minerals, the like was never in use or practise before.  
And here the Balance engine, made of presswares, is of great and worthy good use.  
Fiftly, there is another new art and invention Metalorganicke, which chiefly by means of Plegnicke, Lenicke, and Caminicke instruments, jointly together maketh singular, effectual and most excellent devices for the firtelizing, heartening, and improving of pasture ground, corn ground, and all other barren grounds whatsoever.  
Sixtly, there is another new art and invention Metallerganicke, which chiefly by means of the Plegnicke instuments, maketh very effectual and beneficial instruments of fishing, as new kind of Burces, new kind of Nettage, and Bateage, by which new devised means great abundance of fish may be caught with far less charges, and in shorter time, then by the ordinary arts of fishing.  
Seventhly, there is another new art and invention, Metallorganicke, which chief by means of the Plegnicke instruments maketh diverse kinds of household movables, as artificial Doors, Windows, Curtains, Presses, Tables, Stools, Beadsteds, Hang, Chests, and divers other things, handsomer & more convenient than heretofore is done by the ordinatie way of other stuff.  
Where note, that the Materials made by this Mechanic art, are called wood-pleits.  
And so forth, as it shall be further mentioned and enlarged in the Printed treatise of Metallica.    

CAP. 3. Heuretica defined and divided into his real and Tecknick parts.  
R.  
6. SIR yoù having thus set down both the Transcript of his majesties Indenture and the Schedules annexed, I pray you proceed more fully to entreat of the doctrine of Metallica, which seemeth to be handled in the next place.  
A. It appeareth out of the first Section of the Schedules, annexed to the Patent, that the doctrine of Metallica cannot distinctly be known or Methodically expressed, except that the art which prescribeth precepts, general to all arts and Inventions, called Heuretica, be first precognized.  
R. 7. Define therefore briefly Heuretica.  
A. Heuretica is the Art of Inventions, teaching how to find out new, and to judge of the old.  
R. 8. What division is there for Heuretica?  
A. The doctrine of Inventions hath two parts Real and Technick.  
R. 9 Define the Real part.  
A. Real is the first Part of Heuretica, which treateth of the Instruments and Real things, which belong to the Inventions.  
R. 10. How is the real part divided;  
A. The Real part spreadeth itself into two branches, whereof the first is called Organic, and the other Emporeuticall or Polecall.  
R. 11. Define the Organic part.  
A. The organic is a part of Heuretica, which setteth down the means and Instruments, whereby the work of Art, intended, is brought forth, made and effected,  
R. 12. Define the Emporeuticall or Poleck part.  
A. The Emporeutick is an Organic part of Heuretica, which treateth of the work of the art, which are commodities and wares for use and sale, whereby profit is raised.  
Where note that the commodities, wares and things of every invention, for general use, are called from this part Emporeuticks.  
Note also, that Emporeuticks, being things artificial, are also fitly called materials, but if they be natural, they are called things accquired by the art. So fish and foul are the Emporeutick things, acquired by the art of fishing and fouling, but lead and Iron are Emporeutick Materials made & wrought by Metallicque art.  
R. 13. Define the Technick part.  
A. The Technick is that habitual part of Heuretica, which treateth of the dexterous habit and faculty wherewith all the Artizands are to be qualified and endowed, who are appointed to make the Emporeutick works of Inventions,   

CAP. 4. Another partition of Heuretica and an Invention Mechanic defined.  
R.  
14 WHat other division is there for Heuretica?  
A Heuretica in respect of the work intended is divided into two parts, namely, into the Scientiffick part and Mechanic part.  
R. 15. Define the Scientiffick part.  
A. The Scientiffick is that part of Heuretica which prescribeth prceepts general to all liberal arts, the end of which Arts, is chiefly Science or knowledge and not any real visible work, or sensible thing.  
R. Define the Mechanic part.  
A. The Mechanic part is that part of Heuretica which prescribeth precepts general to all illiberal arts, the end of which arts is chiefly a real visible work or sensible thing.  
And the Invention in this kind is called an Invention Mechanic.  
R. 16. Define therefore an Invention Mechanic.  
A. A Mechanic Invention is the art of the Inventor, which by effectual Instruments and means bringeth forth some new visible or sensible work good and profitable to the commonwealth.  
So the Invention of printing is the skill and art of Faustus Guttenbergius, which mystery (by the effectual devised means of the Press, the Ink, the Characters and paper) bringeth forth impressions and Books, which Mechanic works are profitable and good for man's use.  
Where note, that, First the Mechanic Art, secondly the Instruments and means, thirdly the work of the art, made by those Instruments, and means, are all called Mechanics, and are all Inventions in respect of the Author that devised them.  
R. 17. Express further every word and clause of this definition, to the intent that I may the better understand them.  
A. Your desire shall be satisfied. First then to speak of the thing defined, you must note that any other device, course or way which bringeth forth no external or Material work, are also in respect of the Inventor termed Inventions.  
So the first discovery of the west Indies by Columbus, (in respect of him) is fitly called his Invention, and the turning point of Navigation called the Cape of bona Sperança is Gaymus his invention the like may be said of fretum Magellanicum, and fretum Davies, which although they are laudable Inventions, discovered by ingenious & venturous persons, yet cannot they be said to be Mecanicks. because they produce or leave behind them Mechanic work, nor had any Mechanic instruments made by hands of man directly, and of purpose for the performance of them, for these Mechanics are only proper to these kinds of inventions which we treat of.  
R. 18. Wherefore call you an invention a Mechanic Arte.  
A. To put a distinction between these inventions Mechanical, and other inventions of the liberal Arts and Sciences, of which sort are Logic, Rhetoric, Grammar, and the Mathematical sciences, all which had their first Authors and Inventors.  
R. 19 Wherefore say you the art of Inuentioner.  
A. To show that there is no Invention without relation to the Inuentioner.  
R. 20. Why then it seemeth that all Arts, sciences, mysteries, trades, crafts, things and devices, which are now extant in the commonwealth, are, and may be called Inventions.  
A. Yea verily so they may, if we respect the Inuentioner, and first Authors of them, but if we respect the persons that use and put in practise the said Inventions at the second hand, as we say, such as are the Artificers, Tradesmen and others that make the said Mechanic works, in respect of these secondary persons they are called Arts, Trades, Crafts, Syences, Mysteries, Occupations, Professions, and slights, etc.  
So the printing, as also the Press, the Paper, the Characters, together with the works done, as impressions, books, and volumes, in respect of Faustus are his Invention, but in respect of Printers, which now a days work by his invention, Printing is rightly called an art, trade, or mystery, the like may be said of all other Mechanical trades now extant in the commonwealth, and of all other profitable inventions, which hereafter may be brought to light in the commonwealth.  
R. 21. To what use serveth the knowledge of this.  
A. This fitly serveth to refute the erroneous folly of such shallow simple persons, which cannot abide any new invention, which this our age bringeth forth, they utterly distaste both the projects and Inventors, they forsooth (as they say) will give no assistance, they will not meddle nor deal with them, they will not use their new work, though never so good and profitable, nay they say more, after their fond fashion, it will never prove good, or come to pass, with a hundred such like speeches, tending to the dispraise both of the Inuentioner, and of things devised by him, but being demanded for their reason, they have none to allege, except only a woman's reason, like unto that of the Epigrammatist: 
Non amo te Volusi, non possum dicere quare,  
Hoc tantum possum dicere, non amo te.   
But if these men, who so much spurn at inventions, did well consider, that all ancient Mechanic trades, occupations, professions and works, which now are in use in the commonwealth, were new at the first, and had their beginning and infancy, and how they were then the peculiar inventions of some ingenious wits, who traveled with all their endeavours to bring forth the said inventions, to the good of that age wherein they lived. If I say they did well, consider and ponder this, they would not be so averse and bitter against laudable, and good projects, brought forth now a days, for with as good reason they might enueigh against printing, shipping, milning and buildings, against the ordinary ways of making of salts, alloms, coppresses, and saultpeeter, against the trade and art of making of hats, and knit-stockings, shoes, boots, and apparel, against the art and trade of making of saddles, carts, ploughs, harrows, and against the art of melting, founding, and casting of mettles, of forging, hammering, and battering of irons, brass, peuters, silver, and gold; and finally against all other trades, occupations, vocations, and professions in the commonwealth, as so basely to regard and esteem the profitable and new inventions of our days. Again, in scorning, and contemning of profitable business of late invention, they set themselves not only against man, but also against the spirit of God, who is the author of the said gifts, and first work of them in man, as it is expressly taught in the 31. of Exodus: in the example of two worthy inventioners, and artificers, the words of the text are these. Behold (saith God to Moses) I have called by name Bezaleele the son of Vri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of juda, whom I have filled with the spirit of God in wisdom and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all workmanship, to find out curious works, to work in gold, in silver, and in brass. Also the Art to set stones, and to carve in timber, and to work in all manner of workmanship. And behold I have joined with him Aholiab, the son of Ahisamah of the tribe of Dan, and in the hearts of all that are wise-harted, I have put wisdom to make all that I have commanded thee.  
Out of which words of holy Scripture it is apparent that all Mechanic Arts and Inventions, as well as the graces of salvation, are the peculiar works, and gifts of Gods holy spirit in man, which bloweth where, and when he listeth, and poureth out his spirit, upon some men in every age.   

CAP. 5. Transient instrumental means.  
R. 22. In the definition of the Organicke part, you say that the work is produced by instruments and means, I would therefore know of you, how many kinds of instruments and means there are to effect a new business.  
A. The Organic things for the effecting of a new Invention are of two sorts, Permanent or Transient.  
R. 23. Describe the Transient Instrument and means.  
A Instruments and means are said to be Transient, when in respect of their use, they serve but once for that employment for which they were appointed, so fuel and oar are Transient, because they wast and consume in that Material which they make.  
R. 24. How many kinds are there of this Transient sort  
A. Two: Efficientall, or Material.  
R. 25. Describe the Efficientall Instruments.  
A. Efficientall are such Transient Instruments and means as vanish and consume away in their first use, whilst they are performing their operation and efficiency to produce the pretended Mechanic work, as namely the fuel or firing in every business.  
R. 26. Describe the Material Instruments.  
A. Material, are such Transient Instruments and means whereof the Instruments consist and are made, not vading or vanishing away, but remaining transformed or altered in the substance of the thing effected, as namely the stuff and matter of every Mechanic instrument.   

CAPUT. 6. Permanent Instruments and means.  
R.  
27. I understand well the Transient instruments, with their several kinds, pray you describe the permanent.  
A. Instruments and means are said to be permanent when as they serve to perform their operations diverse times (to wit) in this thing, in that thing, and in many others, of this sort are all tools in every trade, all kilnes, furnaces, ovens, hearthes', in every trade. If we respect the first making and creation of permanent instruments, then must we consider their efficientall, and material means also.  
R. 28. How many kinds are their of this sort.  
A. Two, for these permanent means, are either personal, as namely the workman and artificers in every action; or else impersonal, of which sort are all other instruments of the business.  
R. 29. How many sorts of workmen are there for every invention.  
A. Two, primary, and annual, primary as the inventioner to guide, and artificers to make, the annual are the daily workmen which make the Mechanic.  
R. 30. How many artificers are necessary for the prymarie, and first foundation of mechanic inventions.  
A. These subsequent are most necessary, as namely; joiners, Carpenters, Smiths, Brickelayers, Masons, whereunto in several inventions, diverse other Artificers are to be added, as occasion serveth, as Shoemakers, glovers, Bellowes-makers etc.  
R. 31. How many sorts of annual workmen are necessary for the yearly managing of an invention.  
A. Two, the master and overseer, or his apprentices, or servants, which make the mechanic work, And secondly, the repairationers, which maintain and mend the instruments and means which at the first they made and form.  
R. 32. What distribution have you for impersonal instruments.  
A. The impersonal instruments, are either general or special, the general is the workhouse wherein other instruments do their operations, work and employment, and under this head we comprehend the ground, place, yard, or room, where the Mechanic business is wrought or done. The special impersonal instruments, are all other impersonal instruments, besides the workhouse or place. Amongst which impersonal instruments furnacing may here be briefly touched as being a necessary instrument in most inventions.  
R. 33. How define you a furnace.  
A. A furnace is the artificial receptacle, which beareth and containeth fuel and the fire.  
R. 34. How may kinds are comprehended under this head of furnacing.  
A. diverse, as namely all kind of ovens, lamps, stoves, kilnes, hearths, all which we generally comprehend under the name of Furnacing.   

CAP. 7. Instruments and means procured and merely opperative, moneys and charges of a business.  
R.  
35. WHat other distribution have you of instruments, and means of a business, in respect of charges.  
A. Organicke means of a Mechanic, are either procuring, or merely opperative.  
The procuring means is money to be impended and disbursed in charges.  
It is the instrument of instruments, and mean of means, procuring all other instruments and means merely opperative, and when once they are procured and provided by it, it measureth their worth and valluation, whereupon Aristotle calleth it, communis mensura omnium.  
R. 36. What is generally to be known and considered, concerning the moneys to be disbursed in a business.  
A. Monies or charges of a business, are either primary and once impended, or else annual, and at certain times to be renewed.  
R. 37. What differences are their of primary moneys.  
A. Primary moneys are either disbursements about the first foundation, or about the trial.  
R. 38. What call you fundamental charges.  
A. Charges of foundation are all such primary moneys which are to be disbursed at the first erection or setting up of a new business, or of grand Mechanickes, in some one convenient place, whereby a workhouse is furnished with all permanent necessary tools and instruments.  
R. What call you charges of trial.  
A. Charges of trial are the primary moneys which are bestowed and disbursed about the trial and experimenting of an invention or new business.  
R. 40. Wherein consisteth the chief charges of trial.  
A. The trial moneys are to be disbursed first about the Theoric instruments, and means of an invention, that is the whole description of an invention. Whether it be by way of manuscript writings, or printed treatises.  
Secondly, about the moddles of an invention, whether they be superficial, or real, motional or directionall.  
And lastly about the erection and foundation of the Protoplast, unto which all the other grand mechanickes are to be conformed.  
R. 41. Concerning the charge of trial, what is fittest for an Inuentioner to demand of them that are willing to deal in a new business.  
It is the wisest, safest, and most credible course for the Inuentioner, not to ask underhand, whereby he shall be driven to repair to them again the second time, but rather at the first let him ask and agree for more money, and not for less than will serve the turn.  
R. 42. What other chief rules ought an Inuentioner carefully to observe in the practice and trial of any new invention.  
A. That he may make trial and put in practise his new devise and invention with good success and to purpose, let him always well remember these subsequent rules.  
1. Make things stronger, than that exact strength which the thing is to have.  
2. Make things greater than that exact greatness which the thing is to have.  
3. And therefore make things longer, broader, thicker and wider, than that exact length, breadth, thickness and wideness that the thing is to have.  
4 Make more in number then that exact number which is required to serve the turn.  
5. Take longer time for a new business than will serve the turn.  
6 For qualities as hardness, softness, dryness, moistness, stiffness, toughness, etc. observe this Rule.  
Let things be tempered to a greater quality than will serve the turn.  
7. Yet if the Inuentioner can make the thing in the exact truth, then let him do it accordingly, for this is always least chargeable.  
R. 43. In the first trial of things can the Inuentioner perfectly hit on the exactness of every particular instrument and means belonging to the new business.  
A. The Undertakers and dealers are to expect some loss in trial of new businesses, be the Inuentioner never so perfect in his Theoric; for although he do his best endeavour, and give perfect directions to his workmen and Artificers, yet they will often fail and err in their work, by which means the instrument being experimented and put to trial, becometh insufficient, for the appointed use, and many times the Inuentioner in some one point may fail himself; for which there is no help but only to redress and amend the fault in the instrument, or else to make a new instrument in the others stead, neither of which can be done but with further charge.  
R. 44. What call you the Annual charges of an invention.  
A. Annual, are such moneys which from time to time, upon occasion, are bestowed after the first Plantation upon the repairing, maintaining, and continuing the said primary instruments belonging to the said new business.   

CAPUT. 8. Inventions intermixtand pure moddle, Protoplast and grand Mechanic defined.  
YOu have handled the doctrine of the general means and Instruments of Inventions, proceed I pray you to speak of the differences and divers kinds of Inventions, and First therefore I desire to know.  
R. 45. How many sorts or kinds of Invention are there being compared or considered one with another?  
A. Two, An Invention is either pure or intermixed, an Invention is said to be pure and entire within itself, when as none of the parts essential are common to any other Invention for the same use.  
Intermixed when as some of the parts are found in some other former invention.  
So a Windmill is an intermixed Invention, because some of the parts, as namely the Milne stones, the rong-wheeles and the Cogg-wheeles were first extant in awater-milne or horse-milne and quernes.  
But a hand-Querne was a pure and simple Invention because none of the parts there of were formerly extant in any other Mechanic.  
And so printing is a pure and simple Invention, because none of the essential parts thereof were taken from any former Invention, where they were applied to the same use.  
Where note that the common parts of an intermixed Invention are to be esteemed as proper and peculiar to the same Invention, when as they are conjoined and mixed in with other new things Instruments and means, which are the essential parts of the new devise.  
R. 46. What other distribution have you of an invention in respect of magnitude.  
A. In respect of greatness or quantity, there are three sorts of inventions, namely the Moddle, the Protoplast, and the grand Mechanic.  
R. 47. Describe the Moddle.  
A. The Moddle is a Mechanic, which only representeth and decyphereth, in some little platform, the true part and lineaments of the Mechanic invention, being insufficient to yield any Emporeutick use of the invention.  
So the Moddle of a windemilne, representeth the fails and other parts of Fabric and structure, but grindeth no corn.  
Where note, that some times the moddle is to be made greater than the Mechanic, esp ecially in small curious things, as in a watch, and such like.  
R. 48. How many sorts of moddles are there.  
A. Two, Superficial and Real.  
The Superficial describeth only the parts and line aments in paper, boards or pastbords, by limning, drawing, or painting, showing no action or operation, nor corporal dimensions of the parts.  
A Real moddle is that which showeth every part of the greater Mechanic, in a true and lively (though little) proportion, having his parts fitted for motion, action, or operation: Nevertheless it is not so effectual or fully useful, being only representative, as was touched before.  
So a little ship, which you have hanging up in a merchants house, is the Real moddle of a grand ship or sea vessel, because it representeth every part and action thereof.  
R. 49. What is the principal use of a Real Moddle.  
A. The chiefest use of a real moddle is that the Invention may thereby more perfectly and exactly direct both himself, and also guide his workmen for the finishing of any grander Mechanic of the same kind, thereby the better to produce and bring forth the Theoric conceived in his mind into the grand Real Invention.  
So the use of a small real moddle of a Windmilne serveth very fitly to direct both the Inventor himself and likewise all his Carpenters and other workmen, to proceed infallibly to build and set up a real and grand windmilne intended to be made.  
R. 50. How many sorts of real moddles are there.  
A. There are two sorts, for either they are merely directionall or also motional.  
Directionall is that moddle which is made only to direct and guide the Artificer in the dimensions of all the parts, as also for to direct them for the kinds of the matter and the stuff that they are to have to make the engine intended.  
R. 51. What is the fittest and cheapest stuff to make a directionall moddle of.  
A. Past-boordes and reeds are the fittest either for Iron-works or woodworks, whereof the Pastbords are in stead of boards, planks and bedsides.  
And the Reeds are to represent round Cylindriack timber, as also other square timber, as namely single quarters, double quarters, puncheons, rafters, transummes etc.  
So that of these the Inuentioner may fitly and speedily make and contrive the fabric and structure of any directionall moddle.  
R. 52. What call you a motional moddle.  
A. A motional is that moddle Real which is made complete in every part, having his true use, operation and motion, as in the grander Mechanickes, yet having no Emporeuticke commodity, but only for show and trial, and not for sale and use.  
There are three degrees in this motional moddle, the mean moddle, the lesser than the mean, the greater than the mean.  
The mean moddle is a motional, which hath his magnitude and greatness between the other extremes, being the least chargeable to be made. And it is always greater than the lesser motional, and lesser than the greater motion all: and there is but one mean model to be found in the progression of the same degrees  
Where note that it belongeth principally to the Inuentioners' skill and care to set forth the dimensions and parts of his moddle, intended with the least expense of charges that may be, and in the easiest and readiest manner for his workmen to understand and imitate, or else he hitteth not upon the mean moddle, but upon some other extreme.  
R. 53. Define the Protoplast.  
A. The Protoplast is an Invention mechanic which first is set up of that kind, and serving to profitable Emporeuticke uses, having all the principal parts, actions, and perfections, which all other subsequent grand Mechanics ought to have of the same kind, which afterward are to be made and framed by it.  
So the first windmilne that the inventioner ever set up to grind corn was the Protoplast and example from whence all other windmilnes sprang and were derived, the like may be said of the first of every kind of Mechanic, as of Faustus his first Printing Press, etc.  
R. 54. Define a grand Mechanic.  
A. The grand Mechanic, is that which is set up after the form and type of his Protoplast, for the same use and purpose, only differing from the Protoplast in greatness, or with some profitable additions which later experience hath taught.  
So the Windmilnes in morefield's are Mechanics of that kind of invention, for they are builded after the Archerype of the Protoplast which the inventor first invented and erected, serving to the same use of grinding of corn; they differ only in this, they have a devise called the Cramp, which will suddenly stay (in the face of the storm) the violent motion or circumgyration of the wheels, until the sales are taken down or fartheled up.   

CAP. 9 Innentions Heterocresious and Homocresious, primitive, and derivative, defined.  
Reader.  
55. WHat other distribution have you of a Mechanic invention, considered one with an other.  
A. Inventions considered compasatively one with another, have two differences, for they are either Heterocresious, or else Homocresious.  
Heterocresious, are inventions which produce different Mechanic works, wares and commodities. So milning and shipping are two Heterocresious inventions, because the work of the one is meal or flower, and the work of the other is carriage or transportage.  
R. 56. Define Homocresious Inventions.  
A. Homocresious inventions, are such which produce and bring forth Emporeuticall works for the same use.  
So a horse-milne, a water milne, a windmilne are Homocresious, because they all grind flower, though after different manner and ways.  
R. 57 What distribution have you for Homocresious.  
A. An Invention Homocresious, is either primitive or derivative, the primitive is that which was the first in use in the world of the same kind.  
So a Pestle and a Mortar is a primitive invention, because it was first used for to beat and bruise corn into meal and powder, and at this day it is still used to grind eaten groats, but a hand-querne, a hors-milne, a windemilne, and a water-milne, are Inventions derivative, all which were found out in succession of time, long after the pestle and the mortar.  
R. 58. Give some other illustrious examples of primitive and derivative inventions.  
A. In matters of literature, the Art of writing with the pen, is a worthy primitive invention, both for writing and reading, found out by Moses, that learned Levite and thrice holy Prophet, the derivative invention, whereof is Printing, a far more exquisite mystery devised of late years by Faustus Guttenbergius.  
So in husbandry the Spade, the Rake, and shovel, was a worthy primitive invention of Adam, for the tillage and sowing of the ground, according to that ancient and old proverb.  
When Adam digged, and Eve span,  
Who was then a Gentleman.  
But the Plough and the Harrow are their derivative inventions, which for the uses of husbandry do far exceed them, for by them more work of tillage of the ground may be done in one day with the same charge, than could be done by their primitive inventions in twenty days.  
Again the Barrow which carrieth burdens from places is a primitive invention, but the Cart with wheels is a far more excellent derived Mechanic, because it carrieth more in one day, than the primitive can do in ten days with the same charges.  
And this Invention of round wheels to draw and carry loads with a small strength undoubtedly was grounded on this Geometrical axiom, Circulus tangit planum unico puncto, for if the wheels should have been made square, trencher wise, or in any other poly-angle, forty horses would not so easily draw them being laden, as two doth now with both speed and ease. And thus much for the example of primitive and derivative Inventions.  
Where note, that the derivative must always be of a greater use, and do more good in the common wealth, than the primitive, or else it is not to be received.  
Note also, if there be many derivatives in the same kind, the latter invention must always better the former, and being all of them compared and ranked with their primitive, they make an Inuentionall progression, one exceeding an other, in goodness and use, amongst which, the last of all aught to be the best, and is therefore called the Eumechanick in the progression of that kind.  
R. 59 Give some examples of Inuentionall progression.  
A. I will satisfy your desire, and first in matter of husbandry, for the making of bread, which maintaineth the life of man, there is a progression of these five Inventions.  
First the Mortar, secondly the Hand-querne, thirdly the Horse-milne, four the Water-milne, fifthly the Windemilne.  
To which if we add the invention of the Plegnick Milne, it maketh up the sixth, and is the Eumechanick of that kind.  
Secondly, in hose or stockings, there is a progression of three, cloth or kersey stockings, which were first in use: Secondly in knit stockings with Needles: Thirdly, and lastly, in knit stockings with loom, which is a late Invention of one Master Lee.  
Thirdly, in vessels of drinking, there is a large progression. For first, to pretermit the cup of the hand, out of which Adam and Gedeons' three hundred Soldiers drank, judg. 7.6. There is secondly the earthen Pitcher, which the Samaritane woman had at the Well: and the third room came up the use of the black Leather jacks, an ancient drinking vessel of our native countrymen, and the fourth place sprung up the use of Tankards and Wooden Khans, in the fift out of Horns, in the sixth Silues, Gould, greene-Glasse, Venice glass, and Pewter.  
All inventions, for the most part, of latter times, are derivative, & the Inuentioners are to make choice of this kind, and needeth the less to spend his time about any primitive device.   

CAP. 10. Inventions organical and emporeuticall: The parts and adjuncts: The Theoric and practic of an Invention Organical.  
R.  
60. What other distribution is their of an invention Mechanic.  
A. An invention Mechanic, in respect of use is either Organical or Emporeuticall.  
An Invention Organical is that artificial fabric or structure compacted of all impersonal instruments and means which make the Emporeuticke commodities.  
So the windmilne considered in itself is the compact, structure or fabric, which comprehendeth all permanent instruments and means which produce, yield, and bring forth meal or flower.  
But the flower and meal thus ground and made by the windemilne Engine is fitly called the invention emporeuticall.  
So likewise the whole structure and complement of all the permanent, and impersonal instruments, and means which make up the ferrical furnace, is termed the invention.  
R. 61. What differences have you for the parts of an Invention Organical.  
A. The parts of an invention Organical, are either essential or inessentiall, common or peculiar Organical.  
But the earth-coale iron which is made by the said complement, and panoply of instruments is fitly called the Emporeuticall invention of the Author or Inventor.  
R. 62. Describe the essential parts of an invention Organical.  
A. The essential part of an invention Organical is any main and chief member, whereby the engine is well enabled to perform his work and operation, which being lacking, the other parts of the engine become ineffectual, and inoperative, for the producing the Emporeuticke intended.  
So a windmilne consisteth of all hisessential parts, besides his cross sales is ineffectual and not able to grind corn, the like may be said if it lack a cogwheele, a rung wheel, a milnestone, or any other essential part.  
R. 63. Describe an inessentiall part of an Invention Organical.  
A. An inessentiall part is an additament, which indeed somewhat bettereth and helpeth the Invention, when it is added to the main complement of the Machine, or Engine, yet being lacking and not used, it taketh not away the operation or work of the invention or engine: of this sort, is the cramp of a windmilne, which is a very good and worthy addittament, found out by some ingenious Milner of late, and it is able to hold the cross sales immovable, even in the very blast of a storm.  
Yet windmilnes which have not nor had not this later addition of the cramp do daily grind corn aswell as other windmilnes which are there withal furnished.  
But in a storm they are driven to this inconvenience: that three or four must presently go down to turn their cross fails out of the wind, that they may take down and farthel up their sails.  
So likewise the brass plate and the rolling girth are necessary and convenient additions in the engine of the Printing Press, and both of them were of late years first devised (as it is said) by one Master Harvey an ingenious Printer in London.  
Yet before they were added or used in the mystery of Printing, Faustus his invention was absolute and complete of itself.  
R. 64 Describe the common parts of an invention Organical.  
The common parts are such as are borrowed from other trades, occupations and mysteries formerly invented and in use, and now adjoined and mixed in, amongst the new parts of the Invention.  
R. 65. What call you the peculiar parts of an invention.  
A. The peculiar parts are such as are proper and of the essence of the invention, not being taken from any other Mechanic, formerly in use.  
So the sails, the milne-post, the spurs of a windmilne are his peculiar parts, but the cogge-wheeles, ronge-wheeles, and millstones are common parts as being assumed and borrowed from the horse-milne and water-milne formerly in use.  
R. 66. What differences have you for the adjuncts of an invention Organical.  
A. The adjuncts of an invention Organical have the same differences, which the parts of an invention had before.  
For the adjuncts are either essential or inessentiall, common or peculiar, the nature and distinction of which differences may be easily conceived and understood by the descriptions of the former several parts.  
R. 67. What other differences have you for the adjuncts of an invention Organical.  
A. The adjuncts of an invention Organical are also necessary or less necessary.  
Necessary adjuncts are all such which of necessity are to be used for the producing of the intended Mechanic.  
And the less necessary are all such which brings some small help to make and bring forth the Emporeuticke.  
R. 68 What distribution have you of an invention Organical.  
A. An invention is said to have a Theoric or a practic.  
R. 69. What call you Theoric Invention.  
A. The Theoric of an invention is the declaration of the contents thereof by a plain and familiar description, and that either by manuscript writings or by printed treatises.  
R. 70. What Arguments are chief for the description of an Invention.  
A. The arguments of the parts and adjuncts, or the Arguments of Instruments and means.  
R. 71. Do the parts, and adjuncts, and Instruments, and means, express divers means.  
A. No, for by parts and adjuncts are understood the self same things, which are meant by instruments and means, but yet in divers and different respects: for they are called parts and adjuncts in respect that the Mechanic Engine subsisteth & consisteth of them, but in respect of the Emporeutick, which is made by them, the said parts and adjuncts are fitly called Instruments and means.  
So a printing Press hath his several parts, whereupon it doth consist, as the screw, the nut, the pare-tree and the chase, etc. it hath also his adjuncts belonging to it, as the Ink and the Inck-bals etc. which said parts and adjuncts of the Press considered, with the printed papers, books and impressions which are the saleable Emporeutick works. I say in this respect they are called Instruments and means whereby printed Books are attained unto.  
R 72. Define a practic of an Invention.  
A The practic of an Invention is that which is made in real parts and adjunct, according to the description of the Theoric of an invention.  
So if you describe an Iron furnace by every part and adjunct which belongeth thereunto, such a description is called the Theoric of a Furnace, but afterward if you make a real Furnace, either of moddle, stuff or of brick, clay, or earth, according to the description & Theoric proportions, than such a Furnace is called the practic of a Furnace, the like may be said of any other Mechanic or Engin.  
R. 73. What cannons have you of an invention in respect of the Theoric.  
A. The Theoric of an Invention is to be described by his parts and adjuncts that other men's labours and endeavours be encroached upon or forestalled thereby.   

CAP. 11. An Invention triable and untriable conformable and inconformable, Royal and Copyhold.  
R.  
74 WHat other kinds or sorts have you of an Invention.  
A. An Invention is two fold, An Invention of discovery, or an invention of experiment, or an Invention is triable, or untriable.  
R. 75. What call you a triable Invention.  
A. A triable Iwention is an invention whose worth and goodness cannot certainly appear before trials and experiments be made, not only in the moddles thereof, but also in the Protop last itself.  
Of this sort, are all the Inventions Metallicall, comprised in the Patent and also the Invention called the Register for general commerce.  
R. 76. Define an invention untriable.  
A. An untryable invention is a new project or discovery, whose worth and goodness requireth no trials, but may be judged and discerned only by the description or declaration of the plot and project.  
Of this sort are all Monopolies, new customs, imposts, taxations, subsidies, statutes, with fines, and divers other state businesses, discoveries and inventions, which are ordinarily propounded or petitioned of his Majesty.  
Of this sort is Sepherica, a late invention of the Authors, the project and contents whereof shall be handled in a treatise called Sepherica.  
R. 77. How many sorts of tryable inventions are there.  
A. An invention tryable is either conformeable or inconformeable.  
R. 78. Define a conformeable invention.  
A. A conformeable invention is an invention tryable which reformeth and bettereth a former invention (requiring but some small and not chargeable alteration) after that the new is united to the old.  
So the Iron furnaces, fineries and chafferies may be much reform and bettered with small charges, having our ferrical invention united to them, and therefore the ferrical invention is fitly called a conformeable invention.  
R. 79. What Cannons or rules have you for a conformeable invention.  
A. Conformeable invention being privileged is far more beneficial and commodious to the Pattentees & the dealers in that business, them an inconformable invention, and the reason is because that immediately after the grand trials are brought to pass and performed in the Protoplast, they may choose whether they will be at any further charge, and yet they may raise present rent and benefit by conforming of the former inventions to the Protoplast, and not at theirs, but only at the charges of the owners of former works and inventions.  
R. 80. Define an inconformable invention.  
A. An invention is said to be inconformable whose Protoplast being erected and set up, cannot be conformed to any former invention in use, where by yearly profits of conformity may be raised without charges to the Pattentees and dealers.  
So the presseware invention maketh tiles and bricks, and all other clayworks, after a far more gainful and beneficial manner then by the ordinary course, yet nevertheless it is an inconformable invention, because that the ordinary Arts of tilemaking and brick-making cannot be conformed unto the Presseware Protoplast with some small alterations and small charges.  
R. 81. What Cannons or Rules have you of an inconformable invention.  
A. An inconformable invention requireth a great stock and great disbursements for the Pattentees, to lay out, aswell for the Protaplest as also for some two or three grander Mechanics thereof.  
Secondly an inconformable invention after the erection and perfection of the Protoplast in continuance of time, may raise great rents and fines by licences, leases and devices though no by present conformity.  
R. 82. What other distribution have you for an invention Mechanic.  
A. An invention Mechanic, is either privileged or unprivileged, again it is either a royalty or a coppy-hould.  
A royalty is such a new business, which in regard of the greatness thereof belongeth peculiarly to the King.  
Or a royalty is an invention Mechanic which produceth extraordinary and worthy yearly profits and revenues, whose valuation exceedeth the sum of ten thousand pounds. per annum.  
R. 83. Define a coppy-hould invention.  
A. A Coppy-hould is an invention whose yearly valuation and worth exceedeth not the sum of ten thousand pounds. per annum.  
84. What cannons or rules have you concerning royal or coppy-hould Inventions.  
A. These Cannons belong to a Royal Invention, first, no subject or subjects, of what estate or degree soever by his service or demerit, except the Queen mother, the King's children, is capable of a whole entire royalty, and therefore if the King have passed away way a royalty, ignorantly, he may justly recall and revoke his grant.  
Secondly, a subject may by his service to his Prince and Country, demerit part or portion of a royalty, it being no greater than a Coppy-hould.  
R. 85. What Cannons or Rules belong to a Mechanic in respect of privilege or impriveledge.  
A. First, it is most reasonable and fitting that a Mechanic invention should be privileged for a certain time wholly to the Inuentioner & Author, if so be it be but of the yearly value of a Coppy-hould.  
Secondly, the first Inventor of a Royalty though of mean degree hath as great demerit in the invention, as any other subject of what estate or degree soever, excepting Royal persons.  
R. 86. What Cannons or rules have you concerning Royalties.  
A. There are divers other rules and observations which I spare to speak of at this time, because at further leisure I purpose to Print a little Tractate of Royalties and coppy-houlds, which is a parcel of this treatise of Metallita.   

CAP. 12. Cannons or rules serving to judge of the goodness of a derivatine Invention Emporeuticall.  
R  
87 How may those who are willing to deal in the trial of new inventions judge of their goodness.  
A. There are many infallible Rules by which if a dirivative Invention be examined, we may easily judge of the goodness thereof, but to reduce this doctrine to some head, we are to consider both the general virtues, and general faults in inventions.  
R. 88 What are the general virtues by which an Invention is to be examined.  
The virtues of an Invention are of two degrees, the lesser and the greater, and each degree is threefould.  
R. 89. Which are the lesser virtues of a derivative Invention.  
A. These three, Equi sufficiency, Equicheapenes, Equi excellency.  
R. 90. What mean you by Equi-sufficiencie.  
A. Equal sufficiency is when the new Invention or Emporeuticke is as sufficient and as good for use as the old.  
So Printed books are as sufficient and as good to read as written Manuscripts, and the meal grinded by the windemilne, is as good and sufficient to make bread as that which is grinded by the water-milnes, and earthen pipes by the Pressorian Art, being well made are as strong to hold and convey water as leaden pipes or potters pots, which two kinds of water conveyances were in use long before presseware pipes were invented.  
R. 91. What mean you by the second virtue which you call equi-cheapenesse.  
A. The new Emporeuticke is said to have equicheapenes, cheapness, when as it may be sold and uttered as cheap as the old commodity or invention which was in use before.  
So if Printing books be but as cheap to be sold as manuscript books, than they are said to have equicheapenes.  
And if Tiles made by the Pressorian Art may be afforded to be sold and uttered as cheap as the tiles made by the old and ordinary way, than the Presseware Tiles may well be said to have Equi cheapness with ordinary Tiles.  
R. 92. What mean you by the third virtue which you call Equi-excellency.  
A. The new Invention is said to have Equi-excellencie with the old, when it hath in it the same beauty and perfection that the old commodity of sale hath, and in the same degree, measure and equality.  
So if Muscovie glass be as clear, transparent and excellent as green glass for windows, then in regard of the beauty and perfection of the substance it is said to be Equi-excellent.  
R. 93. Which are the greater virtues of an invention.  
A. These three, more sufficiency, more cheapness, more excellency, all which are easy to be understood, by their lower degrees described before.  
R. 94. Which are the lesser faults of an Invention derivative.  
A. There are three in number, less sufficiency, less cheapness less excellency.  
R. 95. Which are the greater faults of an Invention.  
A. There are also three, insufficiency, exceeding dearness, exceeding baseness, ugliness or ill favouredness,  
R. 96. What Cannons or rules have you to judge of a derivative Invention, by comparing these virtues and faults together.  
A. There are many, whereof these following serve to judge of the unworthiness.  
R. 97. What is the first Cannon.  
A. If an Emporeutick have only in it all the smaller virtues, although it may be esteemed commendable for a new invention, then surely it will do no good to be set up and followed:  
So if any clay-worke made by Presseware art, as namely tile, slate, freestone, paning stone, arching. etc. or green glass made by Sea-coal, If these two new inventions fall out to be but Equi-sufficient, Equi-cheape and Equi-excellent, with old Inventions of tiles, slates, free stone, paving stones, arching &c. then surely there will be no good to be done by them, because they yield no benefit to the common wealth.  
R 98. What is your second Cannon to judge of the worthlessness of an Invention.  
A. If a new Invention of sale have in it but all the smaller faults only, it is not to be commended nor ever will prove good, for example, if one should devise a Waterwork, to raise waters, which is less sufficient for that purpose, and more chargeable to be erected, and in regard of excellency more imperfect than the ordinary raising of waters in use, I say such an Emporcutick is to be judged a worthless Invention.  
R. 99 What is the third directory Cannon.  
A. If a new invention, compared with the old, be found to have in it but one of the grander faults, although it be accompanied with some one or two of the grand, virtues, yet is it to be rejected for stark nought, for there can no good be made of it, for instance sake say that one hath devised to make windowing of the pure mettle of Venice-glass, or of the pure substance of Crystal, which is not impossible to be done, This his sale Mechanic will be exceeding dear and costly, And therefore although it be more excellent or stronger, or more sufficient than the ordinary kind of windowing by green glass, yet the Inuentioner will never do good of it, except it be to beggar himself, and all that shall deal in it: for a scrap of coloquintida, I say, marreth a whole mess of good pottage.  
R. 100 How many directory triplicities is there of this Rule.  
A. There are, 

First exceeding dearness, more sufficiency, more excellency.  
Secondly insufficiency, more cheapness, more excellency.  
Thirdly unsightly baseness, more sufficiency, more cheapness.    
This last triplicity although it hath two good grand virtues, yet the buyers of this Emporeutick will not deal with it, because they cannot abide to behold it.  
R. 101. What other triplicities are there of this Cannon.  
A. Three by one grand virtue, and three by another, which for brevities sake I omit.  
R. 102. What other Cannons have you to judge of the worthlessness of an Invention.  
A. If an Invention contain all the grander virtues, and yet tend to the utter confusion of Kingdoms and Civil Estates, then is it by no means to be attempted or enterprised by any Inuentioner, Of this kind is the Invention to walk invisible, if such a device may be attained unto, to make a barge or ship to fly as well in the air as to sail upon the water.  
R. 103. What Cannons or Rules have you to judge of the goodness and worth of a derivative Invention.  
A There are many Cannons likewise for this purpose, all which are grounded upon triplicities of the former virtues or lesser faults, or intermixed of both.  
R. 104. What is the first Cannon.  
A. An Invention that hath none of the grand faults and hath at the least one of the grand virtues, or more in his triplicity, then is it to be esteemed good and valuable as it appeareth by all these subsequent triplicities.  
R. 105. Recite the triplicity of this Cannon.  
1. A. More sufficiency, Equi-cheapnesse, Equi-excellency.  
As for example, earthen tileage is more sufficient and durable, equi-cheape and equi-excellent than the old way of covering of houses by wooden pannells, when wood and timber was then as plentiful in England as is now in Virginia or new found land, and therefore a very good Invention.  
2 Equi-sufficiency, more cheapness, Equi-excellency.  
3. Equi-sufficiency, Equi-cheapnesse, more excellency.  
4. Equi-sufficiency, more cheapness, less excellency.  
5. Lesse-sufficient, more cheap, Equi-excellent.  
Of this sort is Lees Invention of loom stockings, and the tillage of ground by Plough and harrow, comparing it with Adam's old tillage with spade and Iron rake, which Gardeners still use.  
6. More sufficiency, Equi-cheapnesse, less excellency.  
7. More Excellency, lesse-cheapnesse, Equi-excellency.  
8. Equi-sufficiencyl, esse cheapness, more excellency.  
9 Lesse-sufficiency, Equi-cheapnesse, more excellency.  
10. More sufficiency, more cheapness, Equi-excellency.  
11. More sufficiency, more cheapness, less excellency.  
12. Equi-sufficiencie, more cheapness, more excellency.  
13. Less sufficiency, more-cheapnesse, more-excellency.  
14. More sufficiency, Equi-cheapnes, more excellency.  
15. More sufficiency, lesse-cheapnesse, more-excellency.  
16. More sufficiency, more cheapness, more-excellency. Which is the best and most eminent of all other triplicities.   

CAP. 13. Metallicall Instruments defined with their several kinds. Lenicks, Pressewares and moulds described.  
Reader.  
106. THe Manuscript Treatise or Schedules annexed to the Indenture, as it seemeth, comprehendeth many worthy matters and excellent inventions, but it is somewhat obscure and obstruce, both by reason that some points are implicitly set down, and also in respect of some strange and hard words which I do not perfectly conceive or understand: I pray you therefore enlarge and describe the same Material points, in a more familiar phrase and style, that such plain men as myself, who are willing to deal and adventure in these your inventions, may more fully understand the purport and goodness of your business.  
A. Sir you need not be offended with the scholastical terms, for it hath always been lawful to the Authors of new Arts and inventions at their own pleasure to give names to their new Arts, instruments and devices which are not so vulgarly known. Go but to a Printer, and you shall hear many strange words of his invention and mystery, as namely Charrecters, the Compositer, the Long-primer, the Pica, the Italica, the Chase, etc., the like terms you shall find in diverse other trades in London.  
I hope therefore I shall not be barred or denied of that liberty of making choice of words of Arts, for new matters, which is given and allowed unto every tradesman in his own science and mystery.  
Indeed I confess that some points are more closely and briefly touched of purpose, and the reason was, because I had often promised to explain and illustrate them in the printed treatise, and it would have been both tedious and more chargeable to have drawn the manuscript in a prolix and ample sort.  
Nevertheless to the intent that no just exceptions may be taken, and that the meanest capacity may perceive my meaning, I will be ready to explain and amplify the several contents of my Patents in as plain and easy manner as I can think or devise.  
R. 107. It is evident by your Patent, that all Mechanic Arts and Inventions which perform their work by the help and operation of Metallicall Instruments, are all of them privileged businesses unto you. Wherefore I pray you describe at large all the sorts of Metallicall Instruments and means, which are the strength, nerves, and sinews of your privilege.  
A. The Instruments and means Metallicall, which are used for the producing of Metalique Materials, or things are (as it was showed before) of two sorts, Common and Peculiar.  
The Common Instruments are such which are borrowed from other trades, occupations, and mysteries, amongst which we have especially use of Smiths, joiners, Turner's, not only of their instruments and tools, but also of their Emporeuticks which they ordinarily make, as Presses, Vices, Screwes, bellows, Tongues, etc. made either of Iron and wood, or of both together.  
R. 108. What call you the peculiar Metallicall Instruments.  
A. The Peculiar Instruments are those that are of the Author's Invention, being of chief and principal use for the working of Metallicall effects, when they are used and conjoined with other Common Instruments, and they are of two sorts, Principal, and Less principal.  
The principal are those which in the Manuscript are called by the names of Lenick, Plegnick, & Camminicks.  
R. 129. Define the Metallicall Instruments, which are called by the name of Lenicks.  
A. The Lenicks are peculiar Metallicall instruments, which work their operation and effect, by pressing, impressioning or moulding, and that either by thrusting or drawing.  
R. 110. What call you the Emporeutick materials which are made by these Lenick Instruments.  
A. The Materials that are made and brought forth by these pressing & moulding instruments, are called Presswares or mould-wares.  
R. I pray you set down the definition of Pressewares or Mould-wares together, with their several sorts or kinds.  
Presseware or Mould-ware, is any thing that can be made, wrought, or form of clay and earth, not by hand and the round table, as the Potter's use, nor after the common manner of Tile-making and Brick-making, but by press and mould, or by pressing and moulding.  
There be many sorts or kinds of Press wares by reason of different figures, and diverse uses unto which they are to be applied, all which kinds are reduced to these two heads: Rude-ware and Pollisht-ware.  

Rude-ware.  
RVde-ware are such sorts of Presseware which after they are pressed and moulded, require no further ornament.  
Pipeage is the principal branch of Pressware, and it is nothing else but the making of earthen pipes, for the conducting and sweeter conveying of fresh waters, for the serviceable use of houses.  
Field Pondeage, is a kind of Pipeage, which from higher springs and fountains conveyeth and distributeth water into several pastures, closes and fields, and in every one of the said places, maketh and leaveth a pond of water for cattle and beasts to drink in, this kind is very necessary for country towns, where there are but some few springs, and many hundred of enclosed pastures, which in the heat of Summer want waters.  
And Kennellage is one of the chief kinds of Pipeage which passeth and voideth away the stinking and filthy waters of cities and towns under earth into the common ditches or sewers, and this kind is very necessary for the avoiding of noisome and infectious airs, especially in the heat of Summer.  
Of Pressewares also are made Pumps, as sufficient as those of Lead or Wood, and far less chargeable.  
Welleage is a kind of Press ware for the speedy making of Wells, far cheaper than the rounds, which are made of Brick to keep the earth from falling down.  
Privy Funnels or Vaults, may also be made by the Pressware Art so close and so sweet that there can no annoyance or unfavory smells evapoure out or press through them. This kind of Presseware is very necessary for many houses in the city, which are much annoyed by the leaking and sinking through the funnels of Brick.  
As Walls are made of ordinary Bricks, so may they be made of Presswares more handsome, cheaper and durable.  
Open Gutters are made by the Pressware way, which may serve between houses instead of Lead, or in Fields to conduct and lead away water, or on the eves of houses or Penthouses.  
The Press ware Arte-likewise, ministrech a kind of Tiling and Slates for the covering of houses more substantial and durable than those that are made by the ordinary way of Tiling, or then those blue and hewn Slates which are digged out of the Slate Quarries.  
Spouts ordinarily are made of Lead, and hanged on the outside of the walls, but Spouteage may more conveniently be made of pipes, brought down within the midst of the Brick walls, for to coweigh rain water into the sinks under the earth.   

Pollisht-ware.  
POllished-ware, are such sorts of Pressewares, which after they are pressed and moulded, receive further ornament and beauty, by Turner's, joiners or engravors tools, or by Turning, Planing, or engraving, and there are three degrees of this ornament, for else it is merely by cutting off the edge, when the Presseware of Clay is liver dry, or else by repressing again, which is when they Presseware is figured or fashioned the second or third time with the mould again. The third degree is by fire, colouring, which is the glaring, glazing or leading of the Presseware, this addeth a superexcellent grace and lustre to the work, if it be well and curiously done and performed, and it hath in it this singular prerogative. For whereas freestone greeneth presently with the first wet and rain and after in continuance of time becometh overgrown with moss, or else moulteth or crometh away, but this sort of Polished ware continueth always in his native and lively hue, never tainting or altering with any weather, no more than the stone jugs or Cruses, which we usually drink out of.  
Of Pressewares' also we may make all kind of pavingstones larger and greater than those which are made by Potters or Tilers, which kind is very serviceable. for paving of houses, galleries, ovens, courts, and furnaces.  
Fishponds may be both flored in the bottom and wainescotted on the sides by the Presseware Art, so sufficiently, that neither the earth can fall down, nor the ouse or mud to swell up within. So likewise for baths and baynes.  
Spouts, ordinarily are made of lead, and hanged on the outsides of the walls, but they may be made of turned Pipes being also beautified with glazing, leading, or other ornaments, stamps or impressions.  
The like may be said of Windowing and Menyons for windows, which may be made and cast of white clay, as sufficiently and substantially as of hewn brick or Freestone.  
Gardens, Squares, and Walks are usually compassed and environed with rails and pales of wood or stone, this may also be done by Presseware, cheapor, stronger and handsomer.  
In a word there is no part or appurtenances in buildings, which is made either of Brick, Tile, Led, Wood, Terrace, or Freestone, which cannot more conveniently be made by the Pressing Art of casting, and the reason thereof is, because that moulds may be made to cast all kind of Solid shapes, figures, and bodies whatsoever.  
So that from hence also we may make Bullets, Globes, Coping stones, Arching, Pillars, Columns, Finishing Chimney Fannels, Mantletrees, or Clavels for Chimneys, Cisterns, Coppers to brew in, Wainescoaring for Chambers, and such other like things, and Utensils.  
R. 112. What are the general and chief instruments of making of Pressewares'-  
A. The instruments of Pressing and moulding, which are usually called by the names of Press and mould.  
R. 113. How many kind of Presses or Pressing Instruments are there.  
A. Pressing or impressioning of things is performed by divers means, as namely by beating, stamping, knocking, or falling.  
Secondly, by screwing or viceing. Thirdly by the drawing of flexible girths or cords. Examples of all which sorts, are to be seen at my workhouse at Highbury, in the parish of Islington near London.  
R. 114. What call you a moulding instrument, mould or moulder.  
A. A Mould or Moulder, is an artificial instrument which mouldeth, figureth, and proportioneth the tempered earth, which being forced, passeth through the mould.  
R. 115. How many sorts are there of Moulds or Moulders.  
A. Moulds are of two sorts, for either they are as long as the Pressware, which they make and figure, of which sort are all those which are called by the names of scouring moulds at the Work house at Highbury, or else they are shorter than the pressewares which they make, whereupon they are called Short Moulds. divers sorts both of long moulds and short moulds, are to be seen at the said work-house, and therefore I will not further enlarge or describe them hear, but refer the Reader to see them at the place aforenamed.  
R. 116. When a press and a short mould are in one frame united together, what is the fittest name to call that instrument by.  
A. It may aptly in a word be called a Presse-mould, which is further described and handled in the next chapter.    

CAPUT. 14. The Pressmould: and the Plegnick Instruments defined.  
R.  
117 DEscribe therefore the Pressmould by his end and use.  
A. A Pressmould is a pressing and moulding Instrument for the making of all kind of Presswares, that is to say, all kind of tiles, bricks, paving-stones, furnace-stones, or any kind of clay-worke or tempered earths whatsoever.  
R. 118. Describe the Pressmould by his parts and adjuncts.  
A. The Pressmould consisteth of these general parts.  

1. Two clay-boxes.  
2. Two Receipt tables.  
3. One Screw.  
4. Two Pressours.  
5. Four Anti-pressoures.  
6. Two Nutboxes.  
7. Two squeeze tables.  
8. Two Coane spits.  
9 Two Screw posts.  
10. Frames for the said parts.  
11. Driers and Rammers, which are adjuncts.   
There are many sorts and differences of Press-moulds, every sort consisting of different parts and adjuncts, All which shall be at large described in the second edition of Metallica, or in the Appendix, or addition unto this treatise called Pressoria.  
In the meanwhile if any be desirous to see both this Presse-mould, Engine and the working thereof, at Highbury, and at Islinton, he may have diverse sorts of them, which in an Artificial manner do make all kind of Clayworkes with extraordinary speed and readinsse.  
R. 119. I understand what you mean by Lenicke Instruments, I pray show what use they have in Iron business.  
A. First, the Lenicke Instruments serve very fitly for the tempering, stamping, and comixing of seacoal, or Stone-cole, that a kind of substance being there made of them like unto past or tempered clay, the Presse-mould may form and tranfigure that claylike substance into hollow pipe. coal as it doth earthen pipes.  
Now this pipe-coale is of very good use for the making and working of some kinds of Irons and steels.  
Secondly the Lenicke Instrument serveth very fitly for the breaking and bruising, stamping and beating, tempering and impastening of all kind of Iron oars, whereby they are prepared for the Furnace in a very beneficial manner and course, for when this impasted oar is by the-engin of the Presse-mould Intubated and form into pipes, as if it were Day or loam, These oare-pipes being made hollow and full of holes are sooner melted and consumed by the heat of the furnace and with far smaller charges of fuel or firing then the ordinary oar which Founders put into their furnace in pieces or gobbets as great as walnuts.  
R. 120. You having handled sufficiently the doctrine of the Lenickes or Pressing instruments, I pray you proceed end show me what you mean by Plegnickes, which your Maunscript maketh the second kind of your Metallicall Instruments.  
A. Plegnicks and Metallicall instruments which perform their operation and effect by means of their dexterous and artificial joint-moving.  
R. 121. How many kinds of Plegnicke instruments be there.  
A. There are five kinds of Plegnicke engines or machines, the Plegnicke bellows, the Plegnicke Milne the Plegnicke Schrew, and the Plegnicke Rombus, and the Reciprocal Plegnicke.  
R. 122. What odds and prerogative differences is there between the ordinary bellows (which Smiths and Mettle-founders daily use) and your new devised Plegnicke bellows.  
A. There are many differences, first the Plegnicke bellows is more handsomely and strongly made, then ordinary refining bellows, and with far less expense of leather, for here the leather is not closely nailed upon the wood, but strongly grasted and incorporated into the very substance of the timber, so that by this means the ioytning of the leather and the wood together, is as thite and close as the substance of the boards themselves.  
Secondly the Plegnick bellows may be made to blow and stream forth not only could wind and air (which is all that ordinary bellows can do) but also to blow and send forth flames of fire, water, vapours and dust, all which is very necessary for the blowing of Metallicque substances, as shall be at large showed in the second Edition or in the Appendix called Plegnica.  
Thirdly the Plegnick bellows may so be made and contrived, to blow ten times more than the ordinary bellows, and that either by moving ten times faster, or else by being made ten times greater.  
R. 123. What odds and prerogative differences is there between the ordinary Milnes and your new devised Plegnick Milnes.  
A. The Plegnick Milnes have many prerogatives and conveniences which the ordinary Milning lacketh: and to begin with the Wind milne.  

First the ordinary Windmilne hath nor only his sails mounted up in the wind, but also the workhouse wherein the Millstones and the Cogg-wheeles grind the corn, by which means they are subject to be blown down with storms, but the Plegnick Windmilne hath his workhouse upon the firm ground, by means whereof you may make your Rooms as wide and as large as you will without any hazard or danger of blowing down.  
Secondly the cross sails of the Windmilne do move verte callter, as they call it, or through the zeneth or the nader; whereupon ariseth this inconvenience that the Windmilne must be turned and haled about continually as the wind changeth, but the Plegnick Windmilne hath his crosse-sailes over the top of the workhouse, and they fly round about with a circular motion, parallel to the Horizon: whereby it is ready for all winds without turning or haling about.  
Thirdly this Plegnick devise may be made to go with three or four pair of Millstones at once, whereas the windmilne can go only but with one pair, and by this means the Plegnick Windmilne will grind three or four times more meal in an hour, especially in a good gale of wind.  
Fourthly the Windmilne grindeth only corn, and cannot be made to do any other work, as the water-milne doth, but the Plegnick engine doth all manner of works, it will grind corn as well as the Windmilne, it will serve for the Iron furnace to blow the bellows as well as the ordinary Water-milne, and finally to do any other work which the Water-milne or Horse-milne doth.  
Fiftly the Wind milne standeth still in a calm and when the wind serveth not, for there is no means to make it go but by wind, but the Plegnick milne is perpetual, for when the wind serveth not, it is made to go with horse, and in a small gale of wind the horse may help to draw and move it faster.  
Sixtly there are also many other conveniences in the Plegnick Water-milne over and above the ordinary water milne as more at large shall be showed in the second edition of this treatise.   
R. 124. How many sorts of Plegnick milnes are there in regard of the force that moveth the Engine.  
There are five sorts of Plegnick milnes, The first is called the Horswin because it moveth both with horse and wind, the second kind is called the Horsewater because it goeth both by horse and water, The third kind is called the windwater, because the Wind and the water moveth the engine jointly together.  
The fourth kind is called the Horswinwater because it is moved with horse, wind and water altogether, and at one time. The fist kind is called the water Plegnick which moveth either invisibly and secretly under the water and by the water with one rung wheel or else with two horizontal wheels above the water.  
R. 125. Did you ever make any of these Plegnick milnes to experiment their goodness by trial.  
A. I have made divers milne engines to go both by wind and water, in the moddle, but not in the grand Mechanic, and I have at this present a horswin now framing at Highbury, which the next term God willing shall stand upon some Turret in London near unto the Thames side, where all passengers by water may see it go and move continually. I have also at Pickle herring over against the Tower a water. legnick which moveth only by the water, and goeth very swift with two pair of Millstones, whosoever is desirous to see it may have it there at a ship-Carpenters yard upon the Wharfe. And thus much of the Plegnick milne.  
R. 126. Define the Plegnick Screw, the Plegnick Rhombus, and the reciprocal Plegnick, which are the three last kinds of your Plegnick Engines.  
A. The plegnick screw is an engine whose spiral line moveth with one motion, two vice nuts or Matrices at the same time, which no other screw did before, This plegnick screw is very available in Metallicall works, above any other ordinary screw, which hath been usually in the common wealth, but especially it is very convenient for tempering, beating and impastening of all kind of oars and pit-coales  
The plegnick Rhombus is an Engine of extraordinary and admirable power and faculty, and in regard of quick and speedy motion there was never any Machine yet devised, which cometh near unto it.  
The Reciprocal Plegnick is an Engine that hath wheels running reciprocally, turning backwards and forewards by one great wheel that moveth but one way at the same time which kind of reciprocal motion was never done or performed before by any other Engin.  
This reciprocal is of great use for the battering and beating of Iron, latin, plate, copper, or any other mettles.  
If any be desirous to be further certified concerning the truth of the admirable motions, operations and works of these three engines, let them repair to Highbury, and it shall be enidently showed and demonstrated unto them, in divers real moddles and examples.   

CAP. 15. Caminicke instruments, as fuels, liquors and furnaces defined.  
127. Having described the Lenicke and Plegnicke instruments, I pray you proceed to the third kind of Metallicall instruments, which you call by the name of Caminicks.  
A. Caminicks are peculiar Metallicall instruments, which perform their operation and effect by their new kind of furnacing and hearthing.  
R. 128. How many kinds of Caminicke instruments be there which serve for the making of all kind of Irons and other mettles and materials.  
A. There are three kinds, the fuel, the liquor, and the furnace.  
R. 129. Define fuel.  
A. fuel is any substance combustible being apt or fit to burn, or to make, or take fire.  
R. 130. Rehearse the several kinds and sorts of fuel.  
A. There are three sorts of Fuel, whereof fire is made: Wood-fewell, which is either Charcoal or unburnt Wood-fewell. Secondly Pit-coale or Earth-coale, and thirdly Brushfewel.  
Charcoal is the Principal and best for use, but by reason of scarcity it is grown very dear in our country.  
Earth-coale is that kind of fuel of siring, which is digged out of the bowels of the earth, or else upon the superficies of the earth, of which sort also there are many kinds, having difference in their burning. The Scottish coal is the best flamer, and consumeth away into white ashes, as having in it more unctiousnesse than sulpharousnesse. The Newcastle coal, usually called Sea-coal, is more lasting and durable than the Scottish, for being stirred up, it will make a secondary or third fire, whereas the Scottish-coale consumeth at once; For which cause all Brewers and artificers of London rather use this sort. Howbeit it is not so fit for some Metalique purposes as Scottish-coale, by reason of the more abundant heavy sulphuroous substance remaining in it.  
Turf and peat maketh a third kind of earth-coale, and if they have any sulpharousnesse in them, it is not so heavy and fretting as that which is in the Sea-coal and Stone-coale, the Low-countries use for the most part this kind of fuel, instead of wood & sea-coal.  
Brush-fewell is the third kind of firing, which is neither of the inward substance of the earth, nor of the upper superficies as Sea-coal and Turf is, but groweth upon the earth in a brushie or twiggie manner, of this sort is all kind of stubble, Baveings, Straw, Furs, Fearne, Ling, Heath, with other stalks, of herbs, weeds, and under-shrubs, all which burn with great flames, yet are they of no great heat or long continuance. Under Brush-fewell, we comprehend also an other sort, which is not so much used for firing, as for lights, as namely, oils, tallowes, waxes, which are used in lamps and candles. Secondly, pitch, rossen, turpentine, tar, mastic, with such like liquids and gums, as issue and proceed from trees being combustible. This kind of fuel is most fit for the Ventignoll Mechanic, which hath good and profitable use for many purposes, where other fuel is not so fit.  
R. 131. What means are to be used to make earth-coale as serviceable for Metalique purposes, as wood or Charcoal.  
A. There are three sorts, the first is to bring earth-coale to that equality of heat, that wood or charcoal hath, that is to say, that it maketh neither hotter nor colder fire than wood or Charcoal doth: the second means, is so to order and prepare pit-coale, that all nocive proprieties, which are aversse from all Metalique substances, may be abstracted from it, or at least destroyed in it. The third means is the Addition and infusion of those deficient proprieties, which as they are in charcoal, so ought they to be found in pit-cole.  
R. 132. What mean you by Caminicke-liquores.  
A. By Caminicke-liquores I understand divers kinds of intermixed and compounded waters for the laving, washing and steeping of all kind of mettle-Ewres to cause them the better to yield and give down their liquid mettle from their slaggs and cinders.  
So that as the Goldsmith hath his waters which will segar gold from silver, and the Allom-maker his urines for the segaring and bringing down of his allomes, so these Caminicke-liquoures are very behoveful and effectfull for the steeping and tempering of oars, which being thereby prepared, they will the more easily let down their pure mettle being severed and abstracted from the recrement and dross of the cinder and the slagg.  
R. 133. Define a furnace.  
A. A surnace is a Caminicke instrument made and built of furnace-earth; or a furnace is the Artificial receptacle of fire and fuel, for boiling, nealing, and backing of all kind of Rawe-materials or Rawe-matters.  
R. 134. How many kinds of Rawe-matters are there for furnaces to work upon.  
A. There are five sorts of Rawe-matters, the mettle-matter, the liquour-matter, the fiery earth-matter, the dry matter and compounded-matter.  
R. 135. Describe more plainly these several kinds of Rawe-matters.  
A. The Mettle-matter is that Mettellar substance which is put into the Furnace to be baked, boiled or nealed, which in one word may be called the Mettellar.  
R. 136. How many kinds of Mettellars are there  
A. There are three sorts of Mettellars.  
The first is the raw or baked oar, as it is digged out of the earth, which being put into the furnace melteth down into two substances, the one is called the Glass-slag, and th'other the Sowe-liquour.  
The Glasse-slage is a liquid material of a glassy substance being tough, thick, and ropy, like bird-lime, it swimmeth upon the superficies of the sow liquor, as barm doth upon bear, or cream upon milk.  
The second kind of Mettellar is the sow of Iron which when the hearth or furnace hath received it, it melteth down into two substances, whereof one is called Ferrica substantiae, or the Iron substance, the other is called the cinder or after-slagg.  
The after-slagg is a liquid material which inhereth in the Ferrica-substantiae, as whey doth in a posset, or crudds.  
The Ferrica-substantiae is tougher than the liquor of the alter-slagg, which when it is battered under the stroke and press of the hammer, the after-slagg is squeezed and pressed out, and so the substance is made and becometh good Iron, even as the whey is wrung out by the violence of the Press, and so the cruds are made into a cheese.  
The third kind of Mettellar is the could Iron, which when the forge, furnace or hearth receiveth it, it is nealed and heated into glowing Iron, which glowing Iron afterward is forged by the Smith into divers Emporeutickes for manyfould uses and purposes, as namely into knives, horseshoes, Iron-weapons, window bars, window casements, and into a thousand such like Emporeuticks, whereby Smiths get their living and maintenance.  
R. 137. In the definition of your Furnace, you make mention of Furnace-earths', I pray you what mean you by them.  
A. Furnace-earth, is any earthy substance, being made and prepared of stone, clay, or lome, that so it may become the fit and sufficient matter for the Caminick Furnace.  
R. 138. How many kinds of Furnace-earths' are there where, withal you build up your Furnaces.  
There are three sorts of Furnace-earths'. The first is the clay-pipes made of white clay, being tempered, wrought, and impastned with the dusts and powders of divers other things. The second kind of Furnace-earth, is the clammy mortar, which is of the same substance and temper that the Clay pipes are. The third kind of Furnace earth, is the Furnace-stone, which is made into divers figures, forms and proportions by the Pressmould Art, and of the same matter that the other two kinds were made of before.  
R. 139. Define the second kind of Rawe-matters, which you call the Liquour-matter.  
A. The liquor matter is any kind of liquor or liqueable, whether it be cold or hot, which is put into the Furnace Pot, Kettle, Cauldron or Copper, to be further heated, and boiled, as namely, all kinds of fats, tallows, oils, and all kinds of waters, whether simple or compound, as freshwater, Sea-water, Alloms-water, Coppresse-water, and a thousand such kinds of liquors.  
R. 140. Define the third kind of Rawe-matters which you call fiery-earths'.  
A. Fiery-earth is any kind of earth or earthy substance besides the Mettler which before was described, as namely all kind of Raw Pressewares and burnt-earths', before they are burned, baked or nealed, nevertheless the Raweoare if it be but nealed or baked belongeth to this kind.  
R. 141. Define the fourth kind of Rawe-matters which you call dry-matters.  
A. Dry-matter is any kind of Rawe-matter besides the three former which were described before, under this head we comprehend all kind of pastes for bread, malts, safrons, papers, wet clothes etc.  
R. 142. Define the fift kind of Rawe-matter which you call compounded matter.  
A. Compounded matter is any two or more of the former kinds, coming and issuing from one furnace and from one fire, together, and at the same time.  
R. 143. Having thus handled and described the several sorts of Rawe-matters, which are the things that the stomach of the Furnace worketh upon, labouring to digest boil, and concoct them, I pray you now proceed to the distributions of the Frunace.  
A. The Furnace in respect of the several kinds of Raw-matters which it boileth and baketh, is likewise of five sorts and kinds, namely the Mettelar-furnace, the liquor-furnace the fier-earth-furnace; the dry-matter-furnace, and the compounded-furnace.  
R. 144. Define these five several sorts.  
A. The Mettallar-furnace heateth, melteth & nealeth all kind of Mettallers, and so worketh them into their Emporeutick Materials, under this head is comprehended all kind of Iron Furnaces or hearths, for any other kind of mettles.  
The descriptions of the other four kinds of furnaces may easily be gathered by this, and therefore I refer the further explication of them until some other time.  
R. 145. What odds and prerogative differences are there between the ordinary furnaces which refiners and mettle-founders daily use, & your new devised Caminick furnaces. A. There are many differences both in regard of the form & figure of making of them, as also in respect of other conveniences and prerogatives, whereof these are principal.  

1. First our Caminick Furnace is made and built up of such durable Furnace-matter, and continually maintained with such fier-resisting means, that it cannot possibly melt or burn down by any reverberating flames or heats whatsoever.  
2. Secondly, our Caminick Furnace is always built with some movable part, as namely the doors, Fewel-beare, matter-beare and the Ash-beare, or any other part as we please.  
3. Thirdly our Caminick Furnace is built up with glass windows for every several room, so that thereby the Furnar may continually see and behold both his Rawe-matters and his Emporeutick Materials, and how his fire and Furnace worketh upon them, which is a singular convenience which our ordinary Furnaces want.   
These forenamed differences and conveniences, with many others, shall be truly showed and demonstrated in the several examples of our Caminick Furnaces, which very shortly (God willing) shall be raised and built up at Highbury and at Islington.  
R. 146. What & how many are the general parts of your furnace, which are to be found in every kind of your Camin.  
A. These five, the doors, the windows, the fewell-beare, the Matter-beare, and the Ash bear.  
1.2. The Doors are to shut and open, and so are also some of the Windows.  
3. The Matter-beare is a general part of the Furnace, which beareth & holdeth the substances of the Raw-matters.  
4.5. The Fewell-beare, is a general part of a Furnace which beareth and holdeth the fuel and fire, and the Ash-beare beareth the Ashes.  
R. 147. What and how many are the rooms of your Furnace which are to be found in every kind of your Caminicks  
A. There are four several rooms, which are to be found in every Furnace, the Ashroome, the Fewell-roome, the Matter-roome, and the Vent-holes.  
The ashroome receiveth and holdeth the ashes, the fuel room, the fuel and firing. The matter-roome receiveth and holdeth the raw-matter. The lower-vent holes receive and take in the air, and the upper vent-holes lets out the smoke  
R. 148. Having thus described your three principal Metallicall Instruments called by the names of Lenicks, Plegnicks, and Caminicks, I pray you describe your other Metallicall Instruments which you called before the Less-principall.  
A. There are indeed divers other Metallicall Instruments which are proper and peculiar of the Author's Invention, all which shall be showed and described unto you in the second Edition.  
R. 149. To what end and purpose do you publish the treatise of Metallica in print, which describeth and discovereth all the chief Instruments of your Inventions.  
A. There are divers reasons which moved the Author to describe publicly to the view of the world these his Metallicall Arts and Inventions.  
Frst that it might appear that his inventions are new, and of his own devising, and not stolen from any other.  
Secondly it is fit and reasonable that that which was granted in the Patent by general words and in an implicit manner should be so specially expressed and defined, that the endeavours and Inventions of other men being different from his, might not be prevented by him.  
Thirdly that none hereafter should presume to petition or trouble his Majesty concerning any kind or kinds which are described and comprehended in his printed treatise of Metallica, which are all privileged businesses unto himself.  
And lastly because the Author by Indenture from the Kings most excellent Majesty is tied and enjoined to print and publish his book of his new Metallicall Inventions before the last day of Easter Term, whereas he is not tied to any time for the trial of his Inventions.