THE HISTORY OF the present Wars of GERMANY.  
A sixth PART.  
Gathered out of the best Intelligences, and reduced into times, places, and actions.  
Briefly Brought down from October last passed, to our Lady day 1634.  
LONDON, Printed by THO. HARPER, for Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne. 1634.   

The Bookseller to the Reader.  
COurteous Reader, the continuation of this our Germane Story had come forth immediately upon our Lady day, but that we expected (for the more perfecting of the same) certain papers from beyond the Seas. For the more delight of the Reader we have in this Part observed this method, we have drawn each Commanders several actions to its own proper head; therein observing both time and place, and paralleling their actions together, as near as we could collect, giving to each side what to them belongeth. If we have failed in any thing, impute it to our want of better information. If either side can, and will hereafter supply us with better intelligence, we shall willingly embrace it, and give due satisfaction. If what we now publish you shall well accept of, we shall then be encouraged to continue this History, and give you ere long something more.   

The Contents of the Book.  

CHap. 1 The History of Duke Bernard Weymar, page 1  
Chap. 2 The History of Gustavus Horn. page 21  
Chap. 3 More of Gustavus Horn, and the Palatine Birckenfelt page 29  
Chap. 4 The History of the Rhinegrave, with the actions of Alsatia page 49  
Chap. 5 The taking and reducing the City of Hagenaw with the Castle of Aubar page 58  
Chap. 6 The continuation of the Rhinegrave page 72  
Chap. 7 The actions of the Landgrave of Hessen page 83  
Chap. 8 More of Hessen and Kniphausen, and something of the Chancellor Oxenstiern, and his Propositions for a Diet. page 102  
Chap. 9 The Conclusion and Articles agreed upon at Halberstat page 124  
Chap. 10 Of the affairs in Silesia, and of the Generalissimo (the Duke of Fridland) his death page 134  
Chap. 11 Of the Elector of Saxony and Arnheim page 159    

THE HISTORY OF DUKE BERNARD WEYMAR.  

CHAP. 1.  
AFter the taking of Regensburg, was Colonel Ros sent to take in Burlengenfeld; 
Ros sent to take in the Fort of Burlengenfeld.  a Fort of the Duke of newburgh's, three leagues above Amberg, in the upper Palatinate; this being done about November 20. he found 21. Pieces of Ordnance in it: Chamb, Nabpurg, and Weyden, were about that time also recovered, with other places, Deckendorff; namely upon the Danuby, towards Passaw. Duke Bernard's head Quarter was at Albeng, Nou. 24. to make way (it seemed) for the Boors of over Ens in Austria; he laboured to open all the passages, and had already opened those upon the River Iser. But the Town of Passaw, and Walenstines sending forces thither, defeated the Boors conjoining with him. Towards the end of the month, a revolt was attempted in Strawbing, near unto Regensburg, which Duke Bernard took in soon after Regensburg, whereupon 18000 barrels of salt, diverse of the chief revolters, and the best of the town riches, were removed unto Regensburg, Nou. 28. 200. imperially-affected Regensburgers, and 60. Friars, were sent out, to go for Ingolstad: diverse Friars were also kept in arrest, till those Protestant Regensburgers, which are prisoners in Bavaria and Austria, are released. Donawstauff Fort, having some while been besieged by the Duke's forces: more troops by this time were sent against it. Decem. 1. the Duke came into Regensburg to reside. Decem. 3. the Regiments of Stenbock and Ros came to him out of Franconia. Now the Duke disperses his Army into several places of Bavaria; for their winter quarters, about Klingen, diverse of the Bavarian Boors meeting with a party of Imperialists, and mistaking them for Swedes, killed 200 of them. Some believe, that the Boors knew them to be Imperialists, and that being discontented with their quartering amongst them, 
The discontent of the Boors of Saltzburg.  they at other times knocked down diverse stragglers of them. The Boors of the neighbour Bishopric of Saltzburg, were now also discontented with Althringer, who had already sent some troops through Munchen and Wasserburg, to lie upon the Saltzburgers. About the middle of December, Duke Bernard went by boat, under the wooden and stone bridge, to view the under and over Werth, and gave order for the building a powder Mill. Decemb. 27. he went to Kelberin and Bergen, to meet privately with the Palatine Birkenfield, and Gustavus Horn. And Decem. 29. he was again to return to Regensburg. Towards the end of Decemb. the Imperialists of Donawstauff Castle, by laying a Ship bridge over the Danow, sallied out, and intercepted thirty or forty Wagons of Salt, going to Regensburg. Notice was given of this Salt convoy to the Danowstauffers by some Papists of Regnesburg, which treachery being discovered, they were examined, and some arrested: thirty Friars thereupon with as many servants, were sent away to Ingolstadt. The Bishop of Regensburg also was constrained to quit his house in the town, and to lodge at the golden Star in the Corne-market; those of Donawstauff want water within the Fort, which whilst they are fain to fetch at the Danow, many of them become like Pitchers, which go so oft to the water, that at last they come broken home.  
The Fort of Donawstauff thus being not able to hold out, 
Donawstauff rendered to D. Bernard Weymar.  nor to be relieved by john de Werth (who now attempted to make some diversion of Duke Bernard's Forces by appearing about Deckendorff, towards Austria) was fain to come to a composition, and to surrender. Duke Bernard being thus master of it, and considering that it would require a perpetual care, charge, and garrison, to keep it from those of Ingolstadt, resolves to ruin & demolish it. For which purpose it was begun to be undermined, which in February after was effected: So that the Fort being blown up, the other buildings in the small town were set on fire Ferbuary 14.  
In the mean time (that is, in the month of january) did the Duke send his Captains abroad against other places in Bavaria: Colonel Kerberg (a Swede) was commanded towards Hohen Aldach a strong Cloister, 
Hohen Aldach a strong Cloister, taken.  near unto Kendorff in Bavaria, which was kept by a Lieutenant Colonel and 100 soldiers; Kerberg surprised the place, slew and took prisoners the most of the Bavarians, but the Governor escaped. Since this, by a fire that burst forth, 
Hohen burned  was the Cloister quite ruined, and the Swedes enforced to quit so strong a place, which was the key to all those quarters of Bavaria. The Boors which were risen in the lower Bavaria and the Bishopric of Saltzburg, were indifferently well quieted by this time, but at the first sight of any soldiers that should offer to enquarter themselves among them, they would ring out their bells, and assemble together to resist them. And thus indeed the Boors of Saltzburg did about the end of january, when as they enforced two Regiments to retire with some loss, that volens nolens would have thrust themselves upon them. About the 20 of january Duke Bernhard, for the case of Regenspurg, and the refreshment of his own people, sent 100 Cornets of Horse, and 148 foot Companies to be laid in garrison in the towns of Franconia. Great store of all manner of provisions were taken order for to be sent into Norimberg for the making of a magazine in that City.  

A defeat given the Swedes.  In the end of the month, did john de Werth, with his Imperial Leaguers and Bavarian forces, gather together about Deckendorff about 3000 strong, Horsemen and Dragooners; where he fell unawares into the quarters of the Swedish. The chief spoil he did, was unto the Satlerish Regiment, which indeed they did great harm unto. The Regiment of Kerberg they likewise assaulted, but the greatest mischief which they did to that was, the spoiling of their baggage, and the taking prisoners of some of the Officers. This happened in the time that the most of the Swedish forces were gone out of Deckendorff upon other employments. At which time this john de Werth was known to be going upon another way towards the relief of Weyden in the upper Palatinate; which hearing to be taken by Vitzdumb, he all on the sudden turns with his Horse and Dragooners upon Deckendorff. Having done the aforesaid spoil, he retired in good time, for that the ways were hilly. In the mean season did those few Swedish Horsemen and Dragooners that were in the town, get them to their Arms and Horses, and in several parties made out after their pillagers. Colonel Berekhefer with one Company had the fortune to light upon john de Werths' Regiment, 
The Swedes recovery of their former loss.  consisting of a 11 Companies, all which he wholly routed and dispersed. Some prisoners they took, and 200 well mounted Horses, all which were brought into Deckendorff. According to the relation of some prisoners, john de Werth himself received a dangerous shot, whereof some (though falsely) supposed that he died. At the same time the Sergeant Major of the Satlerish Regiment brought back 3 of john de Werths' Ritmasters, 3 Lieutenant's, 2 Cornets, and above 80 prisoners, which were all sent into Straubingen: In both these conflicts were full 300 Imperialists slain, the Bavarian Colonel Schwartz taken prisoner, and the most of the Swedish baggage recovered.  
Duke Bernard in the mean time being at Regenspurg, was busied in fortifying the City, in this very beginning of February, setting upon the fortification at the Hoff and the Drawbridge at the stone Bridge. By this also was the Lieutenant Colonel Waldan sent by the Duke to besiege the Castle of Falkenstein, which belongs to the Colonel Haslanger: who together with Colonel Sbnetter, that was Governor of Ingolstadt, was lately taken prisoner about the Castle of Wilsburg in Franconia, and now in durance within Regenspurg. In this Falkenstein Castle lay some troops of Haslangers, which much molested the neighbour Country with their boothaling. Therefore was it besieged, and about the first of February were some Ordnance and Petards set to Waldan, then lying before it, with all violence to hasten the conquest of it. By this means was it in a few days brought to a composition, 
Falkenstain taken by the Swedes.  wherein was much Ammunition and other provisions taken. It was resolved that this Castle should be demolished, like as that of Donawstauff had been served. The Bavarian Boors in the Market towns hereabouts were now up in arms, and did some shrewd turns now and then unto the Swedish: but most especially were they strong and troublesome in the fair Market town of Kitringen in the Forest; which when the Swedish summoned, they would by no means surrender it. 
Kitringen taken by the Swedes.  Hereupon it was fain to be taken by assault, in which the Boor's throats were cut, and the town burned. In this mean time was Duke Ernestu of Saxen Weymar, younger brother to Duke Bernard, gone from Regenspurg to Wultzburg upon the Main in Franconia; whither he was come by the 10 of February. He had been convoyed thither by a Regiment of horse, with which there were other Regiments to conjoin that lay thereabouts; who were all to keep their Rendezvouz at Hasfurt. The intention was, that they should block up Forcheim in the Bishopric of Bamberg.  
About the tenth of February went Duke Bernhard from Regenspurg unto Straubingen to put all things therein good order. Before this time did Duke Francis Albert of Saxon Lawenburg arrive at Regenspurg: he came from Pilsen in Bohemia, where Walstein then lay, to whom he had been employed by the Elector of Saxony, 
D. Francis Albert, negotiates for a peace.  to treat upon those Articles of peace which the Emperor and Walstein had propounded unto him. There he came now to tender unto Duke Bernhard from the same Walstein. General Arnheim was also expected to be sent to Leutmaritz in Bohemia, which was the place where the treaty was appointed to be held; At which Walsteins' self was purposed to be present upon the sixth of February, which was the time agreed upon, by which Duke Francis Albert was to have returned again to him, with Duke Bernhards' answer. They at Regenspurg supposed, that Walsteins' first proposition was to have a cessation of Arms for three months, till the treaty of peace might go forward, There might indeed be some colour for that, Because that the Lord of Hoff was with some Swedish forces about the Town of Eger upon the frontiers of Bohemia: whose General Major Corvile did about this time certify Duke Bernhard that he had a hope within eight days to take it. What ever Duke Bernhards' answer was unto his Cousin Francis Albert, himself did in the mean time go forward with his preparations. For now causes he his Ship bridge to be carried down the Danuby, which was to be laid over at Olderhausen. All the Army likewise that was to be enquartered about Regenspurg were warned also to draw together and to march: At Waldmunshen also, Schonsee and other places many hundreds of Wheelbarrows, pickeaxes, shovels and Iron bullets were made ready, and all for some warlike expedition. Febr. the 19 did the blue Regiment with 5 pieces of Ordnance march out of Regenspurg, Duke Bernard himself following after, who was that night to lodge at Schwandorff. In Regenspurg was General Major Chog, (a Swede) left for Governor. After the blue Regiment did the Berghaverish Regiment of Horse march thorough Regenspurg, And the black Regiment was laid into the City in stead of the blue one, which heretofore had been the Garrison to it. Now was Duke Bernard's Army said to be 15000. men, if there be no mistaking in the figures, and his way was towards the Upper Palatinate, and so unto Bohemia to see what Wallenstein intended; who being very eager of the peace had sent 13 posts in a few day's space unto Regenspurg to Duke Bernard. Within a few days, 
Thirteen posts sent from Walstein to D. Bernard. Walstein murdered.  and as the Duke was then upon his march, had he news of Walsteins' being murdered: For which reason he hasted by all means to get into Bohemia before the confusion among the Imperialists should be appeased. In the mean time Colonel Dubatell had good success in other parts of Bavaria where he took three indifferent strong places, 
Three towns in Bavaria taken by the Swedes.  as Forth, Eshelcham, and Newkirchen, in which he found above 4000 quarters of Corn, 30 pieces of Ordnance, much ammunition and other good provisions. Which done, he Febr. 12/30 arrived again at Regenspurg.  
By this was Duke Bernhards' main Army gotten to Nappurg in the way to Egra. Himself with 3000. Horse going before unto Weyden. To this Weyden (which is a good place of importance) he came Feb. 20/30. whence he dispatched the Colonels Rosse and Karpfen with a good strength of Horse towards Egra to listen how businesses were there carried. About Turschenreyt did these two Colonels light upon Colonel Corpus with his Regiment of Crabats, 
Colonel Corpus an Impedefeated.  whom falling upon unawares they put them to flight, killed 300. and took 200. prisoners, and about 600. well mounted horses. By the 25. of Febr. were these two expected again to be back at Weyden, where the report was, that the Crabate Corpus himself should have been slain in the late conflict. Duke Bernhards' Foot arrived at Weyden Febr. 22. And now was order given for better fortifying of the town. For now he thinks best to provide for the securing of this upper Palatinate where he now was. Hereupon he desired of the City of Norimberg to send in some provant bread, and Ammunition to the Towns of Herspruch and Vilseck lately taken by the Birckenfelders. He gives order also unto Clous Hastoort (a Swede) to lay a Swedish Garrison into Sultzbach: For that the Imperial Garrison of Amberg had threatened to pillage that City, and that the other Towns were in danger of john de Werth and Gallas.  
From Weyden did Duke Bernhard send a strong party towards Danaw: 3000. Birckenfelders he also sent towards Forth with whom Dubatell was to join from Regenspurg. This town being lately taken by this Dubatell, was now again besieged and taken by john de Werth who passed the river Iser in Bavaria 6000. strong, as it was reported. This Forth was taken the day before the Swedes came, 
Forth taken by the Imperialists.  and john de Werth having put a garrison into it was retired with the rest of his Army. The Swedes supposing the enemy had retired for fear of them, and that the Town had not been taken, Dubatells Lieftenant-Colonell going too near the walls was shot in the arm, of which he afterwards died. This so enraged the Swedish that they burned down the Town: but being not able to master the Castle on the sudden they retired unto Duke Bernhards' army unto Averbach. For the Duke, at the same time that he commanded the Birckenfelders towards Forth, went with his own Army into Kemnath in the beginning of March; which Town immediately yielded upon composition, Thence went he towards Averbach aforesaid, fully now resolving to besiege the Town of Cronach, in the Bishopric of Bamberg.  
Whilst this was there a doing, john de Werth, and the Duke of Bavaria, took the opportunity of the absence of Duke Bernard, & began to make some menaces about Regenspurg. Straubingen therefore in doubt to be besieged, laboured might and main upon their new fortifications. The Count of Thurn, and Colonel Kevenhiller, being their directors. These two came from Straubing, into Regenspurg, March 4. who were followed the next day by the black Regiment, which was thence forward to be enquartered in that City. It was doubted john de Werth, with 6000. men, as was reported, meant to go against Abensperg and Mewstettlein, and that for his assistance, there were great preparations of Boats and ships made in Ingolstadt, whither the Duke of Bavaria was by this time arrived.  

Deckendorf and Falkenstein burned down by the Swedes.  The Swedish therefore perceiving that the Town of Deckendorff was not to be maintained, burnt down the gates, and forsook it. The Castle of Falkenstein, which belonged unto Colonel Haslangar, they for the same reason demolished and leveled all the out works of the Castle of Werth, 
The outworks of Werth demolished.  bringing the soldiers out of both of them into Regenspurg. Ketheim being an indifferent strong Town, had a stronger garrison laid into it. In Regenspurg was there likewise an exchange of prisoners taken on both sides: Colonel Schnetter the Governor of Ingolstadt was set at liberty about the 10. of March, and suffered to return into his government. As for Colonel Haslanger, he was sent into Norimberg, whence he was to beesent into Frankford on the Main. The Bishop of Regenspurg also some few days before this was sent to be kept in Norimberg.  

Cronach besieged by D. Bernard Weymar.  Duke Bernard is all this beginning of March, upon his way towards Cronach, which strong town had for a long time been the very den of thiefs and robbers, to the great molestation of the whole Country. The trained bands of the marquis of Brandenburg, Bairrent, (next neighbour to the Bishopric of Bamberg) were now also sent against Cronach with Duke Bernard's Forces. From Coburg and Schwemfurt also was there much Ordnance and Provant bread carried towards the Duke's Army: But the Cronachers being confident upon their own walls, and the strength of their friends in Bavaria (who would be able as they hoped to divert their enemies) were resolved to defend their Town to the last man. Hereupon they not only gave no courteous answer unto Duke Bernard's summons, but a braving and a despiteful one. They also killed him some 50 men upon a sally; among which, were one Lieutenant Colonel, one Sergeant major, and two Captains, and hurt him above 2 hundred.  
About this time was to be the funeral of the Duke of Saxen-Coburg, Uncle unto Duke Bernard: at which solemnity, Duke Bernard of necessity was to be present, as being Heir unto the deceased: and at this funeral he was about mid March, when as it was given out that he should have been killed before Cronach.  
In his absence the siege went not on with such earnestness; yea the Duke himself perceiving it more necessary for him to look to other places now endangered by the enemy, 
The siege of Cronach raised.  of his own accord he raised his siege of Cronach about the 20. of March, retiring with his Army betwixt Averbach and Norimberg. For this Averbach by which Duke Bernard first passed unto Cronach, 
Averbach taken by Vitzdumb.  was in the mean time taken by General Maior Vitzdumb, and the Birkenfeldish forces being by a furious battery constrained to yield upon discretion.  
The Imperialists being indifferently well pacified in Bohemia, after the death of Walstein were (during Duke Bernard's absence) now fallen into the upper Palatinate, where they had burned Weydhausen into ashes, which had resisted, and began to recover one town after another, which Vitzdumb and Duke Bernard's self had lately taken in: Straubingen likewise (by Regenspurg) was by this time also hard besieged by john de Werth and the forces of Bavaria. The Swedish Colonel Berghaver who defended the town, was resolved to maintain it to the last man: and he about the tenth of March had 400 hand Granades, and some more soldiers sent unto him from Regenspurg. About the 18 of March did 6000 Bavarians present themselves before it, 4000 more being rumoured to be coming out of the upper Palatinate. March 21 by 8 in the morning did the Bavarians begin their battery; 11 pieces of greater Canon they had now mounted, and beat the town in three several places. Three several assaults did the Swedish beat off bravely: but before the fourth came, the Townsmen had appeared for the besiegers against their own soldiers, and constrained them to hearken to a composition: and thus upon Saturday March 22, were the Straubingers enforced to yield upon Articles; the chief of the Agreement being, 
Straubingen taken again by the D. of Bavaria.  That the Swedish Horsemen should march out on foot; and the foot go out with no other arms than their Muskets only. But neither were these conditions kept with them, for that as they were marching forth of the town, the perfidious enemy fell to charge them; yea, and contrary to the accord made, they took all such of them for prisoners who refused to give up their names to serve under them.  
The Duke of Bavaria pillaged not the town, for that the Burghers were all Papists, who by flinging of letters over the walls, had both discovered the weakness of the garrison to the besiegers: and invited them after three repulses received, to fall on again. The Duke of Bavaria and john de Werth went not at all to besiege Regenspurg, as it was supposed they would have done; but sending their Ordnance and carriages down the river Danuby, and so into the river Iser; they quit Straubingen again, and retired with all speed to Lanshut in Bavaria, for now was Duke Bernard lose from his siege of Drovach: and Horn was upon his march into Bavaria.  

Chamb taken by Gallas  In the mean time Gallas his troops being as hard the siege of Chamb in the upper Palatinate, in few days took the same.  
Turn we back now to the Palatine of Birkenfelts Army in the upper Palatinate. After the taking of Weyden by the Lieutenant Vitzdumb, the Imperial garrison of Amberg, had a purpose to have recovered Vilseck. Hereupon in january 29. Febr 8. came 18. of their horsemen to the Gates of the said Vilseck, with a counterfeit Swedish Pass or Certificate. But the true Swedish within the Town, suspecting some such matter, gave fire upon them from the walls, insomuch that they were fain to retire from the Gate into the Field. After which there came one troop of Ambergers after another into the field, and presented themselves 400 strong. By which those of Vilseck perceived what ascowring they had scaped. The Swedish horsemen issued out of the town to skirmish with them, with the loss of one Sergeant that was taken prisoner: The Ambergers afterwards retired also into their town. They still keep a Count of the Swedish partee there in arrest; as also two Ritmasters, and one Captain Lieutenant. But Lieutenant Dyvell, with other officers and soldiers before taken by them, were sent home freely by them. The said late taken Sergeant was dismissed too: Febr. 7/17. on which day he came to his own fellows into Sultzbach. He reported that the Imperial garrison of Amberg was 1000 strong, horse and foot, of which the half part longed for the coming of the Swedes before the town, for that they would presently give up their names to serve on their side.  
From Weyden went the Colonel Vitzdumb to siege Kemnath, which (as one writing says) he had also taken by the 2/17 of Febr. The Fort of Waldeck made him a very strong resistance, 
The Fort Waldech taken by the Swedes.  beating the Swedish twice from their walls; but the place was at last taken by main force, and all the soldiers put to the sword that were found in resistance. From thence the Birkenfeldish forces went towards Averbach where the Imperial Garrison marched out against them: but because they were not above 50 strong, they were all put to the sword except 15 that escaped. Thence went the full march toward Nappurg where their store of Ordnance lay. And the soldiers longed very much till they might go before Amberg. It should seem (if our writings be true of the former taking of Kemnath) that this town of Kemnath was again taken by the Walsteiners, when the Birckenfelders were gone from it. Sure I am, that Duke Bernard did with some ado take it afterwards. Presently upon this was Walstein murdered: upon which occasion Duke Bernard came into this upper Palatinate; For which reason the rest of the Birckenfelders' actions are referred to the Chapter of his Story.  
And now as an Appendix unto Duke Bernard's actions may the siege of the Castle of Weisenburg be added; both for that it was done by his directions and a part of his Army; as also in the Neighbourhood of Bavaria, where himself was, and of Overland, where his Felt Marshal Horn warred. The place of this Wilsburg Castle is by the Imperial City of Weisenburg in the Bishopric of Aichstat, and very edge of the Circle of Franconia. It had been some months blocked up by the Swedish Colonel Sperrentter, and the Count john of Hessen, the troops lying at and about Weissenburg, a mile beneath the high placed Castle: which the Author of the Swedish Intelligencer in his second part tells you to have been sometimes attempted by the King of Sweden: nor hath it since his time been gotten in, several small encounters, ever and anon passed about it, but I come to the chiefest and the latest.  

Aichstat taken by Hessen.  On Monday january 27. the Landgrave john of Hessen took in the City of Aichstat, in which (a 'mong the rest) lay 60 Musketeers, 40 Dragooners, and 60 Crabats that had been sent thither out of Wilsburg. The Town was taken by assault, and therefore all these put to the sword, excepting the Crabats, who got up into the Castle. This was immediately besieged, and was then hoped it could not hold out long: In such manner also our Writer then comforting himself concerning Wilsburg Castle. But this piece being the chiefest pass to all that Country, the Imperialists had more care of, and put hard for the new victualling of it, protecting at one and the same expedition to have recovered the town of Aichstat, to have surprised Weissenburg, and supplied Wilsburg. Out of Ingolstadt therefore and the Garrisons of the Bishopric of Bamberg and Bavaria they draw near upon 4000 adventurers for the feats aforesaid, Colonel Schnetter the present Covernour of Ingolstadt and Colonel Haslanger led them, and 300 of the Boors had they provided with their Hatchets and Teams of horse to serve them in removing of the trees about Witsburg which the Swedish had cut down and laid a cross to hinder sallies of horse and all sudden supplies to be carried by Cart to it.  
Early in the morning Febr. 3/13 do the Imperialists come about their business, and whilst the Boors were busy in removing of the trees aforesaid Schnetter with his soldiers falls upon the Swedes of Weissenburg. At Helft did the Imperialists cut of the Swedish Sentinels some thirty men in all and so came forward to the Town. By which time Captain Simon Rammell Lieftenant-Colonell unto Sperreuter; and the Landgrave john had gotten some Horse together dispersed before in many quarters. With 700 Horse they fall out upon the Imperialists, with whom they began the skirmish till their own foot forces would come in to second them. In the mean time did the Boors get open the passage in the woods and on horseback made shift to get in 15 wain loads of victuals into the Castle: Schnetter having notice that the chief of his errand was now dispatched, and for that the Swedish began to press so hard upon him, retired to wards Aichstat. The Landgrave and Rammell followed, and within a league of Aichstat withal their forces overtook and charged them. Three hundred Dragooners and Musketeers they presently cut in pieces and took 800 prisoners. 
Colonest Schnetter and Haslanger taken prisoners.  Amongst which prisoners were the Colonels Schnetter and Haslanger which were after sent unto Duke Bernard at Regenspurg. The rest of the Imperialists fled, leaving two pieces of Ordnance, four Ensigns, and the most of their baggage, together with four Captains, four Ancients, 
A great defeat given the Imper.  one Ritmaster, and one Lieutenant, and 25 wagons of Ammunition.  
This was a great victory for that these forces were supposed to be of the bravest of the Imperial Regiments of those parts; which the Weissenburgers were the gladder of for that they had by this means gotten so many good prisoners, as might ransom their chief Citizens heretofore carried away captive by the Imperialists; The Landgrave john perceiving the Town of Aichstat likely to be a bad neighbour to them should the enemies at any time surprise it, as they now intended, burned it quite down to ashes; A pitiful prevention! which it had heene fare more humanity to have defended than to have destroyed. The Imperial prisoners paid their own ransoms and had money to boot by taking pay under the Swedish.  
In the end of February did Colonel Sperreuters Horsemen fly out upon Heydeck where they brought all the Friars and the jesuites. In the beginning of March had those of Ingolstadt another resolution for the victualling of Wilsburg Castle, upon Saturday; therefore March 8/18 did they again attempt it which was by Sperreuters Horsemen in Weissenburg both discovered and prevented. These sallying out upon the Imperial Convoy killed one Lieftenant-Colonell and eighteen soldiers, taking some sixteen prisoners and fourteen Wagons of provision.  
And this is the state of Wilsburg Castle, which is likely enough so long to hold out as Ingolstadt in Bavaria, and Cronach and Forcheim in the Bishopric of Bamberg are able to relieve it.   

THE HISTORY OF gustavus HORN. CHAP. 2.  
WHilst Feria and Altringer being hindered in their design, to fall into the Dukedom of Wertenburg, marched leisurely back again towards Bavaria, about the middle of Novem. and about the 21. sat down at Hufingen, and Donaw Estbinging. Gustavus Horn enquartered about Weylar, and the diocese of Horneberg, whither he had come from Offenburg, near Alsatia, and through the Kitzinger valley. Novem. 19 his head Quarter was at Retweill, and Altringers at Donam Esthinging. Horn desired the Wertembergers troops to join with him, that at next rising of the enemy, he might fall upon their marching. Feria and Altringer perceiving Horn's nearness, rose; and whereas their intent was to have wintered in Wirtemberg land, they now make towards the Danow, which the pass at Dutlengen. Novem. 21. Altringers heard quarter was at Miskirking, some of their struglers, and others that could not march so fast, were cut off by Horn: and Nou. 23. Colonel Brinck, and Colonel Wrangle, being sent out by him, cut off 300 Musketteeres that were dispersed about the Dorps, to get in victuals. Horn with the main of the Army, stayed for the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowick, that with both their forces, they might take their way through the Elbinger valley towards Riethlingen on the Danubie, to pursue the enemy.  

A thousand of Altringers men cut off, and he like to be taken.  The Rhine-grave being come, both the Swedish Generals passed Danubie in the end of the month: and the Rhinegraves horse regiment falling upon some of Altringers, about Weissenhorn, Botzheim, Dietenheim, and Brandenburg, cut off near 1000 enemies. And had not two Boors given warning to Altringer, himself had been surprised at Dietenheim, as he sat at table, whereupon he fled, leaving his victuals all behind him.  
In the beginning of December, both the Rhinegrave, and the Palatine Berkenfelt, met at Vlus: whence they went to Weissenhorne, where Gustavus Horn then held his chief quarter. Every day the Swedish cut off some Imperialists, & one day took a pragmatical jesuit of Ingolstadt, who undertook to espy & survey the country passages of advantage concerning which intention of his, the notes and instructions being found about him, he was hanged up with his fellows, at the Pfallinger passage near Reitlingen. In the mean time, while Altringer and the Duke de Feria advanced, Horn's army braved their rear, but they would not accept of battle: however now and then were two or three hundred stragglers cut off at a time; and at Reutlingen, a whole foot company yielded to the Swedish, and took pay of them, and in the next town to it, were a troop of Crabats surprised, and the Ritmaster with his Lieutenant taken prisoners. 
A troop of Crabats taken.  Herereupon some few of those Crabats that escaped, giving the alarm to their main Army that then lay at Munderkingen and Emerkingen, the Catholic Generals being assured of Horns coming to Renthingen, rose with all haste, and went towards Bavaria. Hereupon did Horn follow them upon the other side of the Danubie, which is on the Wirtenbergers' side: for that he doubted by the enemies offering to repair some Bridges betwixt ulm and Munderkingen, that they purposed to pass again the Danubie. Horn to prevent this, march something before the enemy from Ehingen, as fare as Erbach: by which the enemy perceiving himself to be waylaid every where, turned from the Danuby, towards the River Iller, where at Brandenburg, he caused the Bridge to be repaired; intending there to pass over towards Wurtenberg: Of this, Horn having notice, sends out two strong parties of horse, one of the Rhine graves regiment, commanded by Mayor Goldstein, the other under the command of Colonel Wutenberg, with order to pass over the Danubie to disturb the enemy. One of these Commanders passed over at ulm, and the other at Erbach, and both hasted towards Brandenburg. 
Two hundred Imprialists slain, two Ritmasters taken, and two slain.  At Weisenhorn, did Goldenstein rout 200. horse of Aldtbrandini and Gonzagaes' regiment, who came to fetch away a company of their own Dragooners that lay there. Two Imperial Ritmasters were then slain; a young Lord Fugger (who was a Ritmaster, and had lately given out Patents for new levyes) and Maior Vernemont, were made prisoners. Colonel Wutenberg on the other side of the Iller, in the Village of Mangen, fell upon some Crabats, killed 60. and took a Ritmaster, and had he been stronger, (for he was not above 200) he had done more spoil. This was upon the fourth of Decem. In this mean time, did Horn's Army of foot, pass the Danubie at Erbach, and his Cavalry march all night towards Brandenburg; hoping there to have surprised the enemy in their passing of the River Iller; but they being terrified by what Wutenberg had done to their Crabats, durst not now pass over at Brandenburg, but marched away to Egelsee, and there went over the Iller. 
Horn passeth the Iller after Feria, and cuts off 200. of his rear.  After them did Horn send out some horse, who cut off some 200 of their rear, that had not yet passed the River. After that, did all Horn's foot pass the Iller too, and marched into Weissenhorn, where he made his head quarter, and his horse he inquartered about Memingen and those places: Decemb. the sixth very early, his Army broke up to follow the enemy: but having notice that they were gone towards Kauffhauren, and gotten into the advantageous country of Algow; he returned back to Weissenhorn. Wutenberg was again sent out, who in the Village of Apfeldrang, defeated some more of Gonzaga's regiment, and had surprised a troop of Crabats in the next village, had they not run away very manfully. The Catholic Generals are now glad to make towards Bavaria: into which by the river Lech, they enter at Schonga and Fnessew: having (as is believed) scarce brought away the third part of their Army; Spanish, Italians, Germans, and Burgundians. Horn's people were supposed to have killed 600 Crabats in a few days, 
Feria brings scarce a third part of his army alive into Bavaria.  and so many of the Duke de Feria's men died by the way, by frost and famine: that betwixt ulm and Bibrack, were found 1000 dead carcases. Some prisoners reported likewise, that some horse regiments were not above 30 strong, for that their horses being dead, their men were fain to go on foot Before that Feria and Altringer parted from Raufbauren, they left that town with Kempten and Memmingen, very well garrisoned: after which they passed the Lech upon the 8 of Decemb. Then goes Horn and the Palatine Christian of Berkenfeld, from Gunsburg to Lawgingew and Dillingew. 
Wedle dispossesses two Regiments of the Imperialists.  The Imperialists being now gotten into Bavaria, Colonel Wedle was sent from Augsburg, with two regiments of horse, and one regiment of Dragooners against them. He going towards Landsberg, Decem. 9 dispersed two regiments of them: but the main of their Army coming on, he retreated without harm taking. 
Feria and Altringer part.  Now doth the Duke of Feria part from Altringer; whom leaving in Bavaria, he goes with his weak Spanish and Italians, to take up his winter quarters in tyrol. Altringer, as it appeareth, kept himself a while about the banks of the Lech: for marching at his first entrance, with part of his Army towards Dachaw, he returned eftsoons towards Furssen. Gustavus Horn and Birckenfeld in the mean time, take up their quarters in the Bishopric of Aichstat; and about Ostingen, Nordlingen, and those places on the edge of Schwabland towards Bavaria. A little before this, was the Rhinegrave gone from Horns Army back again towards Alsatia, where new troubles were created. Altringer after a week or two, sought to have his winter quarters in the Bishopric of Saltzburg; which the Boors (so well as they could) resisted. About Christmas time, did Gustavus Horn send part of his Army towards the upper Palatinate, to keep Wallenstein from joining that way with Altringer and Feria.  
'tis further written from Franckfurt by letters of the 13/23 of january, that whereas Gustavus Horn and Palatine Berkenfelt, were with a great part of their forces about the upper Palatinate, that Duke Bernard was to come and join with them, for the clearing of that Country. Altringer in the mean time, is still scuffling with the Boors of Saltzburg, and to hinder Weymars and Horns joining; he and Walenstein threaten to besiege Regenspurg, but that is not much feared. Altringer since this, hath laid about Landshut and those places: and hath had a month's mind to break into the upper Palatinate: but Horns sending in Forces, hath prevented him: and Major General Vitzdumb bath there recovered diverse places from the Bavarians. As for Gustavus Horn himself he made again to the Frontiers of Schwaben towards Bavaria, and Novem. 28. Old Style, himself, lodged in ulm: at which time his foot had their head quarter at Ouer-Rottingen, and his horse at Weissenhorn, whence they are going to besiege Bibrach.  
The Duke of Bavaria in person hath some while laid at Brauna in the further edge of his own Country: whence be would very fain have gone for fear of intercepting, but that the Estates of the Country entreated him to stay, fearing a confusion, which his flight and absence might put his subjects into. The Boors of Saltzburg have lately defeated Altringers Regiment of Furstenberg, and pillaged the baggage of Colonel Salis: to restrain whom, the Duke of Bavaria was fain to send some Regiments. 'tis written out of Schwaben, january 9 that the Duke of Feria died at Munchen, and indeed his body was afterwards carried into Italy: 
The death of Feria.  and his Army decreaseth very much, because diverse have been slain, and others do starve daily with frost and hunger. And out of Schwaben again, jan. 12. No man here doubteth of the death of the Duke of Feria.  
In the upper Palatinate about the beginning of the new year, did Generall-Major Vitzdumb recover the Town of Sultzbach; where were 11 Soldiers only left by the Bavarians. 
Sultzbach taken.  Amberg the chief City of the upper Palatinate hath a good while also expected to be besieged, and for that Colonel Illo was rumoured to be coming from Walstein out of Bohemia with 6000 men to relieve it and the Country: Vitzdumb therefore leaving Sultzbach well provided with 8 troops of Horse and 300 Foot; made haste to take in Hirschaw, Vilseck and Averbach. He set forth from Sultzbach january 8 but it was the 11 by that time he could get to Vilsech; for that the ways were so dirty that their carriages could march but slowly, and they were enforced to leave two Demi cannons behind them.  

Vilseck taken by the Swedes.  In Vilsech was there a Bavarian ancient only with 18 soldiers, who making some show of resistance, when he perceived the Castle gates blown open, and an assault prepared, yielded. The Friars and chief Citizens went to Hirschaw, which was defended by another Ancient and 40 Musketeers of Amberg; And these offering to resist Vitzdumb at his coming, 38 Citizens sons ran together upon the Ancient and compelled him to lay down arms and agree with the Swedish. General Major Whal who is Governor in Amberg was now sending 300 Dragooners and 2 Wagons of Ammunition to the relief of this Hirschaw, but the town was taken before their coming, and the Dragooners with their Wagons taken by the Swedish.  
Whal hath entertained some more forces into Amberg sent unto him from Rottanberg and Forcheim, and expects from Walenstein to be relieved.   

CAP. 3. More of Gustavus Horn and of the Palatine Birckenfelt, that is, The Action of Horn in Schwabland after his return from the frontiers of the upper Palatinate where he left the Palatine Birckenfelts forces.  
THE suspicion growing stronger that Walstein when he should come into those parts would earnestly attempt Norimberg, was one of the reasons for Duke Bernard's taking in of Regenspurg, and of the sending the Palatine Christian of Birckenfeld with the half of Gustavus Horns Army into the upper Palatinate. Had the King of Sweden had but time enough, when he conquered the rest of Bavaria, to have taken in Regenspurg, Walstein the last year could never have cooped him up about Norimberg, nor could the Generalissime there have lain, had he not been Master of the upper Palatinate. The safety of this most considerable City therefore is the cause why Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymar (who is now General for the Crown of Sweden of that which sometime was the King's army) went and took it: And the Feltmarshall Horn went about to take those parts of Schwabland, betwixt the Lech, the Danuby, and the Bodensee, where Altringer, Ossa, and the Duke of Feria lately left some garrisons. At which time the Palatine Birckenfelt was (as aforesaid) directed into the upper Palatinate. What the Colonel Vitzdumb (who in the Palatines absence had the leading of the Forces) had there performed by the 11 of january is before told you. He going from Hirshaw, attempts next unto Sultzbach belonging originally to a younger brother a Protestant) of the Catholic Duke of Newburg. This Town making some resistance, was with the loss of 4 men only taken in january 13/23 for that for all their great countenances at first the Garrison came timely enough to a composition. Thence went Vitzdumb to Newburg in the Forest: where finding more opposition, he (though with some blood of his own party) was put to it, to take the town by main force: 
Newburg taken by assault.  For this obstinacy, the resisters were in danger to have had the law of Arms passed upon them, had they not yielded at the mercy of the Conquerors. The Imperial Captain that lay in it having but 120 men with him. Upon the 14/24 of january stood it out till some Cannon shots were made upon him, and the town gotten by a Petard blown open and entered by his enemies; nor would he so give it over, for having a slight Castle to retire unto, thither he withdrew himself and his companies. At that now go the Brunswickfilders, threatening to hang every man of them if they presently yield not. Thus when the Imperial Captain might have yielded upon Soldierly conditions, he holding out but a very little longer was fain to yield at mercy; laying down both Arms and Ensigns, to have their bare lives saved. This was no such strong piece to make such a stir about, had not the Captain been desperate; seeing one of the Counts of Pappenheim who now lay in it with his Regiment bad for his better safety retired himself into Parckstein, a league beyond this Weyden.  
Vitzdumb in his marching towards this last taken town, had lighted upon General Major Whal, Governor of Amberg, who was abroad at that time in his Coach, attended by 40 horsemen, to view some pass or other of the Country. The place of meeting is named to be the high Warth, near the new mill: where Vitzdumb having an inkling of his being to come that way, had reasonably enough dressed a fine Ambuscado for him. Whal with his troop coming now in sight, there are 18 Swedish horsemen let fly upon him: against these he sends out his 40, who being trained into the Ambush, are there for the most part cut in pieces: Whal himself was fain to quit his Coach, and get upon horseback: in doing of which a Swedish horseman had gotten him by the arm, to have made him prisoner, but that some three or four Dragooners rescued him. Thus fled he into Amberg, where he expected within two or three days to have been besieged; but the season presently fell so snowy, with so extreme a frost after it, that no good could be done against him on the sudden, it being reported for the hardest winter that hath these many years been known in Germany.  
The report was, that Prince Philip Lodowick, Administrator for the young Elector Palatine, did a little before this time, send unto the Duke Bernard, the new Swedish General, requesting to have these new conquered towns of the upper Palatinate, restored unto his cousin according to promise and agreement: Unto whom Duke Weymars' answer was, that the whole country was not yet recovered, which when it should be, then should it altogether be restored. In the mean time was there sufficient store of provisions sent daily into Norimberg, which seemed about this time to be more threatened out of the air, then from any land enemies. Writings report of many strange apparitions in the air, over and near unto this City, mentioning among the rest, the spectacles of several dead carcases and funeral processions, to their great terror and affrightment.  
We left the Lord Feit-Marshall Horn at ulme, january 8. old style, whence upon the 11. in the morning, he set forwards towards Bibrach: 40 Pieces of Ordnance, and much ammunition being sent after him. His head quarter he took up at Over Summerding, or Simaringen, as others writ it, where he still lay, jan. 15. being unable to do any thing towards the siege of Bibrach, by reason of the great frost and snow. Besides which hindrance, Altringer upon the suspicion of Horn's intention, for Bibrach had with all speed sent in some troops to that towneward thereabouts, to make good the chiefest advantages of the country.  
Horn's lying thus at large, and un-engaged upon the siege of any place, made the whole Country in amazement, and the strong town of Lindaw, especially upon the Bodensee. The Governor Konig (it appeareth) being a suspected person to his party; there was a pretence made for the outing of him under colour of strengthening his garrison. Upon New years day, therefore does Colonel Vitzthumb (an Imperialist) go from the neighbour Bregents with 100 soldiers, to put into this Lindaw. Konig refuses to admit them, and thereupon does Vitzthum draw out an Imperial commission to arrest him. He thinking to resist, his soldiers forsake him, and repair to their general Court of guard upon the market place. And thus Konig not able to resist, nor escape, was there clapped up in irons, and together with his wife, carried to Ebrach in Tirol; his officers with four Citizens, being for his sake likewise arrested. The opinions of the Country were diverse upon this action. Some gave it out that Konig had intended to kill Ossa; others, that he had correspondency with the Duke of Rohan, concerning the surrendering of his City: and some again, that he was only arrested for a matter of money, which was owing to the Imperial Pagador or Paymaster. However the matter was so ill taken in the town, that the new Governor was fain to disarm all the Citizens, for fear they should have beaten him out and his Garrison, and have opened their Ports to Rohan, or the Swedish Feltmarshall.  
Horn perceiving no good to be done upon Bibrach, draws off his troops towards the Neighbour river of Danuby enquartering his people for the time about Reit●tling, Simeringen and those places Taking a resolution at this time to try whether he might part asunder the new-come Imperialists, that so he might lie the quietlyer afterwards in his winter quarters. He goes towards them with the most part of his Horse forces. january 15/25. That same night towards evening he came to Waldsee betwixt Bibrach and Ravenspurg, whence he sent some to Middle Bibrach. Here was the quarter of four Imperial Horse troops, although the most of them had the day before been commanded into Bibrach. Those that were left behind were assaulted by the Swedish, and some of them there killed: 2 Ritmasters and some Horsemen yielding themselves prisoners. 
Little Bibrach taken by Horn.  Hereupon the same night was the small Town of middle Bibrach taken, and in it 2 Quarter-masters with the Major of the City of Bibrach.  
At Waldsee had the Swedish Feltmarshall intelligence that the Quartermaster of the Gronsfeldish Regiment had lodged the same night at Reutta; yea and had made quarter within the same town. Hereupon the Lord Martial goes with the Avantgard towards Reutta, surprised the Quarter and about 200 Horsemen in it, took all the officers prisoners together with some Horsemen, causing the rest together with some Boors to be put to the sword. By the prisoners here he understood, how that there had been six Regiments newly come out of Bavaria over the Lech at Schonga into those parts of Schwabland, and that four of them were Dutch Regiments commanded by john de Werth, and two of Crabats, over whom Colonel Luyrs was chief Commander, and that these six together with the Vitzthumbish Regiment, and that of Konigs which had laid all this while in this Over-land, were now enquartered at Vberlingen, Ravenspurg, Leutkirchen, Isne, Wangen, and the Villages near about them towards the Lech and the Bodensee. His Excellency hereupon sends Colonel Plato with all speed with his own and Colonel Cratzensteins' Regiment to go with their Horse towards Ravenspurg to surround and coop up the Imperial Regiment that lay in it until himself could come up to them with the Foot forces. Himself at the same time road back to Waldsee unto the rest of the forces; From whence he dispatched the General Major Rostein with a strong party unto Leutkirchen where Colonel Konigs Regiment lay, and Colonel Kanofsky he sent to Wangen where the Pleskewish Regiment of Crabats lay. These Colonels had order that if they sped well, they should then conjoin their forces together at Isne; where Vitzthumbs Regiment then lay, and together to try whether they could destroy that Regiment also. All these three Colonels had very good fortune. In Ravenspurg, against which Colonel Plato was sent, lay the Imperial Colonel Kesseler with the Regiment of Granichfield, and some of Cronbergs that newly escaped in thither. Plato keeping them in for a while, and Horn himself coming upon them with his Foot: 
Ravenspurg taken by surprise by Horn  this Imperial City of Ravenspurg was then taken. Kesseler being thus surprised before he could provide for defence, was forced to accept of such terms of composition as the Swedish Martial would allow him. Great riches were found in the Town, Kesseler himself was made prisoner, 
Great riches in the Town taken, and 300 Imperialists turned Swedish.  together with two Counts of Zeil and their Ladies. So also were the Abbot of Wissenaw, the Baron of Vlaw, a Lord of Middle Bibrach, the Provost of the Town, a rich jesuite with a great sum of money about him, together with 2. Ritmasters, 3. Lieutenants of horse, 1. Cornet, 4. Quartermasters, and other chief persons. Three hundred Imperial Soldiers now turned unto the Swedish.  
Colonel Kanoffsky that was sent to Wangen (another Imperial City) had as good fortune also upon the Plesknowish Regiment of Crabats whom he there surprised. The Lieutenant Colonel he took prisoner, besides some other officers, and some horsemen, the rest being put unto the sword. Thus was the whole Regiment so destroyed, that few of them escaped. The Imperialists of Isne and Leutkirchen hearing the Swedish to be abroad, fled out of the Towns towards Kempten and Bavaria, before General Major Rostein who was sent against them, could come where they were; nevertheless, hearing which way the birds were flown, he cast off his Hawks after them for pursuing them, even to the very gates of Kempten, he slew and took prisoners about some thirty or forty of them. Of all these three Regiments thus wholly ruinated, there was not one Ensign gotten, for that the Imperialists meaning but to winter in those parts, and to prevent Gustavus Horns wintering places, had sent their Colours beforehand into Lindaw, to be kept there in that strong Town, as in a place of safety. And all this was done, namely, three Imperial Regiments ruinated, the rest put to flight, and the Country of Overland, which they late possessed, 
Overland Cleared of Imperialists, with the loss of three whole Regiments of theirs.  cleared of them before or about the 24 of january. After this did john de Werth return over the Lech into Bavaria again, where finding no safe wintring place, he went over to Deck●●dorff beyond Regenspurg, which is towards Austria. General Altringer also passes from about, over the river Iser, and so also crosses Bavaria to go towards Austria, for that there being some discontents betwixt him and the Duke and subjects of Bavaria, there would no quartering be allowed him.  
In the pursuit of this victory did Gustavus Horn make himself master of these towns, namely Reutta, middle Bibrach, Ravenspurg, and Wangen, the two last being Imperial. 
Wangen, Leutkirken, & Isne taken  Wangen was taken by assault; Leutkirchen (another Imperial City) yielded upon composition; as Isne did also. Thence the Swedish march directed towards Vberling on the other end of the Bodensee, contrary to Wangen and Lindaw. In the way the Swedish were said to light upon some Imperialists that were carrying a golden Image into Constance, which they took for booty Horn made his head quarter at Ravenspurg, where he still was the 8 of February. Before which time he had sent to Ausburg for some of his Commanders, being then believed to have some great enterprise in hand; which was supposed to be intended against the strong town of Lindaw upon the Bodensee, some few leagues beyond Wangen. All this business the Governor of the said Bibrach understanding, was minded (as is reported) to have burnt down all the villages about the City, for prevention of the Swedish lodging in them. But this he was persuaded against, by the much entreating of Major Brandenburger.  
john de Werth (as 'tis said) thus making towards Deckendorff, was also there beaten off with some loss, as you shall hear the actions of Duke Bernard Weymar. As for General Altringer, he also was disabled (about this time) for not being so active as otherwise (perhaps) he might have been, by some accusations now laid against him. And the speech than was, that he either actually was, or was in danger to be put out of his Generalship. The presumptions for this report prevailed so fare, that Colonel Reinacher was voiced to succeed him in the Command. One of his enemies was said to be the Duke of Bavaria, and the accusation, for that he had been cross unto the Duke of Feria. For whereas the design of Ferias and Altringers armies was, to maintain the places in the Empire not yet taken by the Swedes, to recover what they could, and to open the passage towards the Low Countries: Altringer ('twas objected) envying the glory of it unto a stanger, under whose greater title, and the name of the Spanish Army, his own actions should be overclouded, he had never well accorded with the projects of the said Duke, and had dealt but somnolently and improvidently in the business. By which negligence and bad correspondency the design had not only been defeated, but the corpus and body of a brave Army ruinated. 
Altringer sent for to Vienna to clear himself.  Hereupon was Altringtrer sent for into Austria: where I find him at Vienna, Feb. 12/23. and it was the beginning of Mar. ere he could clear himself of the allegations, and be dispatched to his charge again in Bavaria. In his absence john de Werth commanded. The General and Commissary Ossa was about this time said to be in disgrace too, and to be arrested in Inspruck in Tyrole. The Citizens of Lindaw also were mightily now discontented with Colonel Vitz. dumb, who had sent 100 of their chiefest Citizens, prisoners after the former Governor Konig into Bregentz, where they were all hard examined concerning the aforesaid objected correspondency with the Swedes or French men. These distractions gave Gustavus Horn a hope to get in Lindaw, and to determine to move towards it: but the Townsmen were presently kerbed, and Gustavus Horns hopes prevented by the receiving of some new come Italians into his Lindaw.  

Moerspurg taken by assault.  Before the 20 of February, they writ from Ausburg, that he had taken Moerspurg upon the Bodensee, near unto Vberlingen, where the most of the Garrison were put unto the sword; and that his men beat the Campagnia, and roaved up and down as far as the gates of Lindaw. The neighbour Marckdorff belonging to the Bishop of Constance, he put a Garrison into. Vberlingen was held blocked up. Kempten had been summoned by his Trumpet, upon Febr. 11/25. And Lindaw, Constance, and Bregentz, were all in equal suspicion, which should be first fallen upon.  
About Febr. 26. he had his head quarter at Stockach upon the Northwest end of the Bodensee towards the Danubie, and the land of Wirtenberg. The passage, fort, and bridge of the town of Stein, upon the Rhine, (which hereabouts runs thorough the Bodensee, and so goes to the Westward) was now said to be delivered up unto the Swedish Marshal by the Protestant Swissers.  
The Imperial town of Pfullendorff, upon the Northern side of the Bodensee or Lake of Constance, he put a Garrison into, 
Horn prevails much by the Bodensee.  and so scoured the Coast up and down all along the Lake side (which is 40 miles long) towards Bavaria and the Lech, that he cut off all passages and intercourse betwixt Kempten, Memmingen, and Lindaw; so that they of Lindaw were fain to have all their provisions come to them upon the back side thorough the Lake or Bodensee out of Switzerland. And thus near Italy did this Gustavus advance the terror of the Swedish Arms, even to the very frontiers of Tyrole, and of Switzerland, one, at the Southeast end, and the other on the South side of the Bodensee. By this also was he gotten near unto the Rhinegrave to whom upon occasion, he might march up, and receive succours from him. The Protestant Swissers were now his friends, as appeareth by their rendering up the Fort of Stein to him, and they had now a good Army of 6000. or 8000. (15000. I find it written) in a readiness; so that there was nothing enemy unto him on that side of the Lake, but the town and Bishopric of Constance, who being in league with the Catholic Swissers, they perchance might unseasonably have been provoked by Gustavus Horns meddling too fare that way. And especially now that the 7 Cantons of the Catholic Swissers had some difference with the other 6 Cantons of the Protestant Swissers, as having lately joined in League with the Spaniards. Besides all this, there were 2500 new Italians come thorough tirol, into this Constance and Lindaw.  
In the end of February did our Swedish Feltmarshall receive a good strength of new raised horse into his Army. And there was need of them, for the Imperial Colonel Luyrs who had before commanded the Horse which came into this Schwabland with john de Werth, together with him had (as you have heard) been beaten out with him, did now again begin to appear upon the further side of the Country, all along upon the Schwabland side, between the Rivers of Iller and the Lech at Fuessen, namely Frenlaw, Kempten, Mundelheim, Frenten and other places.  
To take order with these his Excellency, the Feltmarshall, sent command unto Colonel Rostein, who then lay at Waldsee, something near unto them, to go against them, who being now sick dispatched away his Regiment and the Baron Hoffkircks against those about Fuessen. Hear the success in the Letter of the said Frederick of Rostein, dated from Waldsee, March 8/18.  
Consulting earnestly with myself how the four Imperial Regiments that were enquartered about Fuessen, which were commanded by Colonel Luyrs, might be assaulted and surprised. At last I sent against them the Lieutenant Colonel of Hoffkirks' Regiment, together with mine own Regiment and Lieutenant Colonel, myself being then so weak, that I was not able to go along with them. Besides this, the enemy at that time also began to appear about Isne. 
Four Regiments of the Imperialists surprised and ruinated.  The Lieutenant Colonel which I sent against them, invaded their Quarters an hour before day light, where he sorely ruinated the four Regiments, and took the Colonel Zuyrs, with many officers prisoners, putting a great many to the sword. It chanced that some 600 of them having been abroad that night, were by that time this execution was done, now returning towards their Quarters: These being met withal by some that escaped, and certified how matters went with their fellows, were about to retire back again; but our forces also hearing where about they were, made out after them, overtook and killed the most of them. Thus were there not above 50 or 60 which were better mounted then their fellows, that escaped killing or being made prisoners; and perchance these had not so gotten away neither, but our men were too weary to pursue after them. All the Imperialists that lay thereabouts, are routed by this means. As for Ensigns, they had none to lose; as having at their first coming into the Country in january before, sent them into Lindaw, where if they please, they may make use of the Colours in stead of Flags, to put into their Ships and Boats upon the Bodsea. To morrow we shall go against Bibrach, to besiege that Imperial City, in which lie 1300 men in Garrison. And thus were these four Imperial Regiments, who now came again to seek their Quarters in this Overland or upper Swabland utterly disappointed and dispersed; so that the Coast being thus cleared on the backside, as fare as the gates of Lindaw, and on the foreside to the banks of the River Lech and Bavaria, there remained no more to be done in Overland, but the taking of Bibrach, Memmingen, Kauffbeuren, and Kempten, and to these now turns our Field-marshal. That he was to go against Bibrach, March 9/19. you heard by the former letter, the taking whereof, and the manner of it, as also some more particulars of the ruining of the four fore named Regiments, you shall with best assurance, receive out of his own Letter to Duke Bernard, dated March 16/26.  
Your Excellency hath understood out of my former Letter, how that for many considerations, 
Horns ●●●ter to D. Ber. Weymar.  but especially for the promoting of your Excellency's design, I had laid siege to the City of Bibrach, my purpose in it being to divert and hinder the enemy in Bavaria from coming upon the back of your Excellency. For this purpose did I command two several strong parties towards the Lech; both of which (God be thanked for it) became very successful. The Lieutenant Colonel Pesbick, whom I sent to surprise the enemy's Regiments at Frenten, performed his charge most successfully: For he not only quite ruinated the four Regiments of Kesler, namely, Gronsfield, Luyrs, and Konig, but moreover, hath taken Colonel Luyrs prisoner, together with the most of his Officers, and many common soldiers. This Colonel Luyrs was the man that had the command of all the Cavalry, which had been sent by the enemy into Swaben. Colonel Plato was also sent unto Mundelheim, to surround the Crabats Regiment of Budianis in it, and to hold them so long cooped up till the foot forces might be come up to him, as also the Ordnance which I had sent for unto Ausburg, might be brought to him. Plato had very good success, for the town he took in by assault, and put some 300 that lay in it to the sword. The Lieutenant Colonel he took prisoner, together with many other officers: although a many other birds so soon as they received this alarm at Mundelheim, had taken their timely flight into the Imperial City of Kauffbeuren.  
For performance now of my foresaid purpose & design, I upon this day seventhnight (which was the 9/19 of this month) dislodged from Ravenspurg, arriving the next day before the town of Bibrach, together with the troops which I led along with me. The same night I began my approaches, and the next day after, I gave summons unto the City. I profferred unto Colonel Stralsoldo, Governor in the town, a fair agreement, but he would not hearken unto it, saying he was resolved to defend his town to the uttermost. The third day I got my Ordnance to me, which sooner I could not, for that the ways were so deep and dirty. The Ordnance being mounted, I battered the town so long, till I first won the Breastwork from the enemy, and had made a saultable breach into the walls. This done, the foresaid Colonel then sent a Trumpet to me, together with some Protestant Citizens, to desire a reasonable agreement of me; which was, that himself might march forth with all his forces. The Trumpet moreover then signified unto me, that if his Colonel might not march forth freely, that he would defend the town to the last man. And that first of all he would burn and blow up all the Prostestant Citizens which he had already locked up into the Town house, and into a Cellar. Notwithstanding all this, for that I supposed the Governor would never offer to deal so barbarously with the poor innocents, and for that he had already denied my first good offer, and especially indeed for that I had a mind to ruin the said garrison, I refused to grant him any such agreement, propounding again to him, to yield upon discretion. After all this, when as all things were now ready for the assault, and that the troops appointed for the scaling were already now advanced towards the Breach, the Evangelicall Ministers, together with diverse women, came forth of the town, making a most pitiful cry and entreaty to me, signifying it would cost all their lives, for that the Town house was already undermined, and the Mine filled with powder, and that they certainly cxpected to be blown up immediately. Out of commiseration therefore to those poor people, I offered another agreement unto the Governor, propounding to have Host ages sent out unto me. This he then did, so that the next morning I sent in the Articles of agreement in writing to him, wherein I granted to him to march out freely, though with no other weapons than their swords only. To leave all their Colours behind them, upon a promise to be conveyed into Ingolstadt upon these terms, he the same day marched forth. Of all this whole garrison, which was the Regiment of the said Colonel Stralsoldo, consisting of to Companies, together with 300 commanded men of the Archish and Goish Regiments, in all 1500 men of foot, and one troop of Horse, there went none away with their Colonel but his Lackey only, and some few Officers. All the rest of them took service of us, to which they were no ways constrained, but did it willingly. Thus fell it out better for us, than I could have imagined, for which we have great cause to thank God Almighty, and beseech him to continue his favour and fatherly affection towards us.  
A punctual letter. Gustavus Horn surely makes his pen with his sword, for that he writeth with the same pulse and spirit with which he fighteth, and is equally happy in either of them.  
'tis written from this Bibrach March 1●/●8, that after taking of their City; the Feltmarshall went towards Kempten, 
Kempten taken by assault.  the head town of the Bishopric of that name in the very edge of Swabland towards Bavaria. 'twas then supposed that the town could not hold out long against him; for that victuals and all other provisions were very scarce and dear within the City. And indeed he hath since taken Kempten, which town by assault March 20/30. And whereas the Imperial Colonel with his Garrison had retired themselves into the Castle of Burckhalden, both place and men were enforced the next day to yield upon Composition. These were the 5 Articles of Agreement.  
1. That the soldiers should march forth Soldierlike, that is, with their Swords and Muskets, And the Colonel have leave to take three Wagons of baggage along with him.  
2. The Colonel shall restore all the Swedish prisoners together with those Soldiers that had run from their Colours, and that he should not forbid his own Soldiers to take service on the Swedish side, if themselves had a mind to it.  
3. The Colonel should leave some certain hostages behind him till such time as those Protestant Citizens should be set at liberty again without ransom which had thence been carried Captives.  
4. All pretences whatsoever which the Colonel might make against the City should be annulled and acquitted.  
5 His Excellency, the Felt-Marshal should Convoy the Colonel into Aicha near Ausburg.  
And these good terms was Gustavus Horn the willinger to afford, both for that he was desirous to lose no time, and also because the rumour went of the Duke of Bavariaes' coming to relieve it.  
Towards his Country now goes Horn, but the Bavarians not desirous to abide it, retired from Straubingen, which they had even now taken back again unto Landshut whence the Duke last came when he went to Ingolstat. Of which in Duke Bernard's Chapter.   

THE RHINEGRAVE: With the Actions of Alsatia and about Vdenheim or Philipsburg: With the coming up of the French Forces.  

ABout the midst of November, the Duke of Feria withdrew his Forces out of the upper Alsatia; himself and Altringer purposing to have their wintering in the Dukedom of Wirtenberg, according as order was given out from Wallstein and the Emperor.  
Feria and Altringer thus gone out of Alsatia; the Rhinegrave his Regiment set out after them upon Monday following, within a while conjoining with Horn again, until that Feria and Altringer were gone over the Danuby, and about parting. Both Swedish and Imperialists had left such Towns as either of them had in possession in Alsatia well enough garrisoned. In the mean time, about the end of the month, the Imperial Garrisons of Hagenaw and Elsaszabern, make out 500 Soldiers, and 1000 of the Country Boors to take in Buschweiler, a town in the said Alsatia, but belonging to the Count of Hanaw; four Canons the Imperialists carry with them, and a mortar Piece: Summoning the Town, they are refused by the Hanawish trained bands within, being encouraged by a Swedish Lieutenant newly come into the Town to raise Forces. Some shorts are made against the walls, and some Granades shot and fling into the Town, though with no great operation; their Petards did most damage, by force of which, one of the gates was blown open: Against that the townsmen cast up a trench of earth or Vau-mure. Hereupon the Imperialists sent in a Drum, with Articles of agreement, if the Town would yield to them; but the Conditions were impossible, for that the whole Imperial contribution was now demanded, which (according to the imposition) was behindhand since last Easter. This if it might not be satisfied, man, woman and child were threatened to die for it.  
The Town Counsellors and Lieutenant perceiving themselves not able to resist these threatenings, condescend to pay what they were able, and send out some of theirs to be Hostages for it.  
Betwixt this and the time of payment, certain Swedish Horse troops (both unawares and unexpected) under the command of Abel Moda were heard of to be coming to the rescue, 
Buschwiler happily relieved by the Swedes.  whose approaching the besiegers not desirous to abide, forsake Buschweiler in all haste, only carrying the poor Hostages along with them. The Town is now better provided for, as also its neighbour Ingweiler, some troops of Meckle-burgish horse being put into them.  
This news being sent unto the Rhinegrave, some of his Horse had order to put into Oberkirk, (three leagues from Strasburg) for prevention of these Hagenawers.  
By this time also were the French forces come up to Lutzelstein, within six Leagues of Strasburg, and they also had an eye to those Imperialists. For now had the French King given order to the Marshal de la Force, to march up into the Bishopric of Tryers, to hinder the joining of the Spaniards, in the country of Luxenburg, with the Duke de Feria. The marching of these French forces, was one of the causes for Altringers and the Duke of Feria's former quitting of Alsatia.  
Before this time had the French King consented unto the conclusion with the Crown of Sweden, and the confederate Protestant Princes, made at Heilbrun: to whom he now promised his assistance.  
Another cause, for the sending up of his army towards those parts of the Rhine, was, to take the Town and Castle of Vdenheim or Philipsburg into his protection; according as the Lord of it, the Bishop of Spyers (Elector of Tryers) had desired. The cause why these French forces could not effect this, was, for that this Philipsburg had a long time been besieged by the Rhinegraves' forces.  
By the 11. of December was the French army come as fare as Landaw and Germersheim, in the edge of the Palatinate; and the same night diverse of their officers lay in Spyers City.  
The 12 th'. day, a part of them marched towards Heydelberg, but did nothing: They were presently received into Buschweiler, Ingweiler and Nieuweiler, the Count of Hanaw putting his Country into the French Kings protection.  
The 8. of December those Imperialists of Elsaszabern, went again towards their consorts of Hagenaw, and the next day some Ordnance followed them; what they did we hear not.  
The Imperialists of Brisack, about this time, making out 700. Musketeers and 4. troops of Horse under Colonel Eisher, laid siege to Kentzingen, in the Kentzinger dale towards Wirtenberg.  
These Brisackers also took in the Castle of Litchteneck, 
Lichteneck taken by the Imperialists.  even but a few hours before the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowick's coming: This was about the 20. of December, by which time the Rhinegrave having parted from Gustavus Horn, was again passed the Rhine to look to the business of Philipsburg and Alsatia. He had 18. troops of Horse, besides Foot forces; and his coming was so sudden, that Eisher with his Brisackers, were fain to thrust themselves into Endingen, not being able to recover back again into their own Garrison.  
divers of Eishers' soldiers were overtaken and killed by the Rhinegrave; who sent for some Ordnance with all speed, to be brought from Hochburick to batter Endingen. The town, as Lichtentck Castle likewise, came presently to composition; and the Garrisons at their coming forth, enrolled themselves under the Swedes service.  
The Rhinegrave presently upon this, went to Strasburg and Erstein, with the most part of his Forces, which for a while were laid in Breysgaw about Emmedingen: The rest he immediately sent into the upper Alsatia. About Christmas time he passed the Rhine again, by the bridge of Strasburg, to go against the Imperialists of Hagenaw, Elsaszabern, and Brisack, who often came abroad together. In his way he found some 100 Boors, who had undertaken the keeping of a passage: But they were quickly either slain, or scattered. Some of the Rhinegraves' troops had a long time lain before Vdenheim, to block it: Over whom Colonel Smidberger commanded. November the 21. The Vdenhemers or Philipsburgers issued forth lustily upon Smidberger, seeking to get by him into the Country for Provisions; a sign they within wanted it: By the middle of December, Smidberger (to prevent the French) had pressed nearer upon the Town, and made a siege of it; and being encouraged by the neighbourhood of the Rhinegrave, he had by Christmas time, put them harder to it. The besieged (the week before) to show they had some courage yet left, sallied forth, both ●orse and foot, and skirmished two hours with the Swedish; Being at last put to a plain flight; the Swedish followed them so hard, that they got into the fisher-houses by the Rhine's side, hard by the Fort: But the Ordnance from the walls presently beat them out of it. Upon this, the town accepted of a parley, which was about Christmas time. The agreement being in a good forwardness, was presently broken off again by the besieged. Hereupon the last Saturday of the old year, was Captain Tobias de Bulaw commanded to assault the Customhouse; in doing of which, he put 15. keepers of it to the sword, and took the rest Prisoners. He went about to set the house on fire, but it would not kindle; insomuch that the Swedes believed verily, that there was Witchcraft in it. To hasten the siege, were more forces called. The Town treated again, making proposition to render the place up to the French forces: But Smidberger having had a long Winter siege of it, would not give the honour of taking in of the Town to such as had taken no pains about it. The town seeing no remedy, concluded upon the third of january, new style; to yield up unto the Rhinegrave. The conditions were, 
Vdenhelm or Philipsb●rg rendered to the Swedes.  to march out upon the fift with colours flying, full arms, drums beating, bullets in the mouth, double matches burning, two pieces of Ordnance, four barrels of Powder▪ a sufficient Convoy, and 30. Wagons for the Baggage and sick Soldiers. Some hindrance there was in it; so that they marched not out till the thursday following; yet in the mean time did the Swedes keep the watch in all the ports of the Castle. Letters from Franfurt relate, that the Philipsburgers at their coming forth, did the most of them take pay of the Swedish. So soon as the conditions were agreed, the Rhinegrave commanded an inventory to be taken of all the goods in the Castle, to find out by that means such as belonged to those that had fled in thither. Good store of wealth was found in it, but small quantities of provisions; for the besieged had already eaten up 100 Horses; and the Italians had made venison of Dogs and Cat's flesh. 
The Articles or Conditions  The Clergy had liberty to go where they pleased, the Citizens had protection without ransom paying▪ all privileges were confirmed; Prisoners on both sides released, and freedom of the Popish religion tolerated, both in the Castle and country belonging to the Bishopric of Spyers. As the Imperial garrison (which were about 800. men, under 7. Ensigns) were about to march out; they the wednesday before, grew very much discontented: For so soon as 300. Swedish were come in to take possession, the Imperialists fell to such a mutiny, that they care the Ensigns from the staffs, and would needs have pillaged their own Governonrs and Captains.  
But Smidbergers Regiment, with some other forces, coming into the Town, appeased the tumult, and took the tome Ensigns. The 700. Imperialists hereupon turned to the Swedish; Don Piedra, 7. Captains, 4. Lieutenants, and some other Officers and few Soldiers remaining only constant to their party. These went to Spyers, where they obtained leave to stay some few days, as being afraid to go into Brisack, (whither by agreement they were to have marched) being in doubt that the Town will shortly be besieged by the Rhinegrave: Colonel Bambergers Wife therefore was convoyed from Vdenheim unto Spyers, january 6. new style, with 8. Wagons; and her Husband to Heilbrun 4. days after: So uncertain are the Imperialists of those parts which way to betake them. Whereas those within Philipsburg or Vdenheim had in the beginning 13000. quarters of Corn, some 100 quarters of meal, and 1500. loads of Wine, they had no more left at their rendering but bread for one week, and 12. bottells of Wine, Smidberger now found many fair Pieces of Ordnance in the Castle, reasonable quantity of Ammunition; 26. Bells; 13. Chests of goods sealed up, which belonged to Colonel Metternick, sometimes Bavarian governor of Heydleburg; with which the Swedish will make merry. The Castle was with all speed refurnished, and the battered Works made up again: Those of Colonel Smidbergers Regiment have the keeping of it; And the Sunday after there was a Sermon of Thanksgiving; and Te Deum sung.  
It is written out of Alsatia, january 3.13. that so soon as the Count of Salm, who is Deane of Strasburg, and State-holder; which is Vicar or Lord Deputy of the Lands of the House of Austria in Alsatia, (whose usual residence was in Elsaszavern) heard of the taking in of Philipsburg, and of the Marshal de la Force his drawing down that way with his French army, and that the Count of Hanaw-Buschweiler had consigned the protection of his Country to him; that despairing of strength sufficient to resist both the Rhinegrave and the French, he resolved to leave Elsaszavern and Hagenaw well garrisond; and attempted, with the rest of his little army, to retire himself into Burgundy or the Franche County; which how he was prevented in, may appear by the following French Relation.   

The taking and reducing of the most important City of Hagenaw, and the Castle of Aubar, (in Germany) under the obedience of the King: Bianca Mounsieur the Marshal de la Force, General of his Majesty's Army: With the Articles agreed upon by the one and the other Partee, with the Count of Salm.  
MOunsieur the Marshal de la Force, General of the King's Army in Germany, being at Saint Auan with his Majesty's troops, had intelligence that the Count of Salm was in Hagenaw, and that he was deliberating to put himself into the field with his troops for to march towards the Franche County. Upon this advice, this prudent General gave speedy order throughout the Army, for all things necessary to oppose himself against the designs of the said Count de Salm, and to impeach the effect of his enterprises. To this end the said Marshal writ to the Rhinegrave, (who held part of the passage on that side, with the Swedishes forces) giving him advice of the Count of Salm's proceed: And the better to hinder the execution of them, advising him to keep firm, all the passages of his quarters; in such sort, that no enemies troops might in any case whatsoever pass by him. All this the said Rhinegrave performed withal diligence.  
At the said time also, the Marshal gave order also to his son the Marquis de la Force, to divide the army with him; giving him the charge of Marshal of the field in the said army; and to march towards the said City of Hagenaw, for to stop up, and cut off the passages on that side. And for to effect this, he gave him these forces which followeth,  

Of Cavalry: The Master of the Camp, his troop, 

The Count of Guiche, his troop,  
The Marquis de la Lucerne, his troop,  
The Baron de la Fert'e, his troop.  
Lansac his troop,  
The troop of Colonel of the Blocquiers,  
The Marquis of Terrail his troop.  
The Baron of Crossonneir, his troop,  
The Count of Vattimont his troop.    
Of Infantry: The regiment of Navarre, 

The regiment of Piedmont,  
The regiment of Hauquincourt,  
The regiment of Menillet,  
The regiment of the Blocquiers.     
The Marquis de la Force, not degenerating from the valour of that great Captain his father marched valerously with his troops day and night, directly to Bacara, preferring the service of the King, above the discommodities of the waters and unseasonableness of the weather, which he endured day and night all the march thorough.  
Being arrived at Bacara, (the pass by which of necessity the Count of Salm and his troops must come to put in practise their design) the Marquis dispersed his Foot into all the passes, and made his Horse continually to scour up and down the coast, the better to discover all such as should pass by those neighbour places.  
The Count of Salm being advertised of the arrival of the Marshal de la Force with his troops, and of the proceed which he used, to impeach his passage: Now seeing himself discovered, and that by this way he could not effect his designs, he resolved to write to the Marshal de la Force, to obtain of him some agreement concerning the liberty of his passage: His Letter was by one of his own trumpeters brought unto the Marquis his son, who seeing the superscription of the Letter to be directed to his father and not to himself, would not engage himself to take any overture of agreement, but delivered back the Letter to the same trumpet, without yielding to his demand made by word of mouth to him.  
The trumpeter having no order to pass further, returned to the Count of Salm, acquainting him with the resolution of the Marquis de la Force, and how that he advanced continually to assault him. The Count considering the great danger which might happen to him upon so furious an approach, returned quickly and a fast pace sheltered himself in a little Dorp called Rovure (between Hagenaw and Zaverne) fortifying himself the best he could possibly: Hoping that in case of necessity he might be quickly succoured by the Imperial Garrisons, which were in Hagenaw and Zaverne.  
During the time that the Rhinegrave made good the passes on his side the Marquis de la Force advanced valourously within a League and a half of the Quarter of the Count of Salm, whom he hemed in so well on all sides, that he bereavest him of all hope of being relieved from the Cities of Hagenaw and Zuaverne, which were within two or three leagues of his Quarter.  
The Count now seeing himself in all the necessities of the world, both out of all hope to be relieved, and no ways able to resist them, and that the said Dorp into which he was now forced for his refuge, was stripped bare of Victuals, and all other commodities by the Swedes to furnish the besiegers of Hagenaw; he dispatched a Trumpet towards the Colonel of the Blocquiers (which was the nearest to him) with a bit of a Letter, which consisted of nothing but compliments of all sorts, and of prayers that by his means he might come to some agreement; The Colonel of the Bloequiers could not determine any thing of himself, concerning what he desired; but sent with all diligence toward the Marquis de la Force, who was returned to Bacara, after he had once established and taken order for to hold besieged the said Count of Salm, and his troops; to make them the sooner to come to composition: To the request of the Count of Salm, this answer was returned; that he should send the Breviat of that which he desired, by some persons of credit, to whom he should give power to determine of the one and the other party, the Articles which should be propounded, to this the Count of Salm readily condescended, as being now hard put to it.  
It was then concluded (Monday the 30. of january last) as followeth. That the Count of Salm should deliver the City of Hagenaw, and all the fortifications of the same to the obedience of the King, into the hands of Martial de la Force.  
That the morrow being Tuesday, january 31. the Imperial troops which were in Garrison in the said City, should march out the same day in the morning; and leave the place free to the French Troops.  
That the Magazines of Arms and Ammunitions should be delivered, and put into the hands of such persons as the Marshal should please to name, to take possession of them.  
That the Garrisons which were in the Castle of Aubar, near Zavern, should departed the same day.  
And whereas the Marquis de la Force had now all the authority of his Farher, he promiseth to the Count of Salm, to give him free passage into the Franche County; which he desired.  
The which Articles were the said day the 31 day of january, sealed by the one and the other party.  
About eight a Clock the same morning, there marched out of the City of Hagenaw, 6. companies of Foot, and 4. of Horse of the Emperor's Troops; which were in Garrison in the City: And about ten a Clock after, there entered the Quarter-masters of the French Army: And incontinently upon that, 2. French Regiments which took possession, and made themselves masters of the Ports and principal places of the said City.  
Mounsieur the Marquis de la Force entered about two or three a Clock, after dinner, with a number of Gentlemen, and his Horse troops; where he was received with a very good entertainment by the inhabitants, who all cried in their language, God save the King.  
Upon the finishing of this treaty, Mounsieur the Marshal de la Force made good the promise of the Marquis his Son, and gave passage to the Count of Salm for to go (as is said) into the Franche County: Nevertheless he was convoyed along thorough the Lands possessed by the King, by the Regiment of Navarre, and Auquincourt, and two Troops of Horse.  
Concerning the City of Zavern, distant 4. Leagues from that of Hagenaw: The Garrison which is in the same for the Duke of Lorraine, upon the Summons by us made, hath demanded 4. days respite for to give advice to his highness. This city cannot hold out (as it is reported) the Castle of Aubar, which commands most of the said City, is under the obedience of the King: And he hath in it 2. French Companies.  
Thus the City of Hagenaw, which in War seemed able to resist all the forces that would adventure themselves against it, came into the power of the French.  
And this is a matter of very great consequence: For that the French grow very strong in those parts, by having this Town, and the Count of Hanaws country: By this is Lorraine hemed in on that side, and the edge of Germany open to them: And had they gotten Vdenheim too, they had been great masters upon the edge of the Palatinate.  
Thus have you already heard what the French Nation hath reported of this action, in honour of their own Nation. But whereas the author of that relation hath quite left out the Rhinegrave, as if his part had been no other but the blocking up of some passages (and that by the Marshal de la Forces direction too) we shall now afford you a more punctual story of the same business received from a better hand, and delivered from an abler judgement: From a Gentleman, I mean of the Scottish-Gensd'armes, or completely armed Horsemen and Men at Arms, then having their share in the action, as part of the French Army.   

From St. Blayse january 5./ 15. 1633.  
Upon Friday 1. 13. of this present january 1633. advertisement was brought to our General the Marshal de la Force in his Quarters at St. Auan (12 leagues beyond Metz) that some Imperial troops were marched out of Hagenaw with 4. Pieces of Canon, towards Zavern, 
A French League is 3. miles English, and a Germane League of the middle sort (which is most commonly used in maps and Stories) is 4. of our Miles.  which is a place in the edge o● Lorraine and Alsatia, belonging to the Duke or Lorraine; but in the Emperor's name kept by the Count of Salm, who there resided as Governor of it: This being in the way ot the French Army; and the Marshal de la Force, having received order from the Court not to suffer any of the Emperor's Forces to get ooting in Lorraine, which upon the late Treaty was under the King's protection; the Marshal was the more obliged to look to it. For this reason sent he his son, the young Marquis de la Force with the Foore Regiments of Navarre, Piedmont, Hauquincourt, Menillet, with 8. troops of Horse unto Lore, where the Scottish Gensd'armes were then enquartered, with order also to take them along with him, which he did: Upon Sunday being the 5. were some spies sent out to make discovery of the enemy's forces and intentions, who were then appointed to meet the Army by midnight up-upon Monday at Freiburg, which was a long march from Lore aforesaid: The Spies made their observations very punctually, and brought certain intelligence to the Marquis, that the enemies exceeded not 2500. Foot with five Troops of Horse, and that their intention was to pass either into Luxemburg, or into the Franche County; And that they had been constrained to forsake Hagenaw, for scarcity of Victuals; for that the garrison there had found themselves overcharged by the feeding of them, they being left there by the Duke of Feria, in some disorder as he passed that way out of Alsatia into Germany. Upon this intelligence, it was disputed among the French, how many ways there were by which the Count of Salm might get into the Franche County: The young Marquises order being to cross that part of his design, whilst his Father the Marshal lay with the body of the Army betwixt him and Luxemburg. It was discovered that they had three ways to go, one by Zavern, another by St. Blayse, and the third thorough Alsatia; which last passage was sufficiently stopped up by the Swedish, who lie thereabouts in Garrisons. Hereupon it was resolved to march towards Blamont, some 8. Lorraine leagues from Nancy, upon the road of Strasburg; it being within half a League of the Zavern way, and not so fare siom St. Blayse, but that the French could reach it as soon as could the Imperialists. Friday night which was the 10th. the French arrived at Blamont, where finding no quarters, and provision for entertainment, they the next day removed a League off to Baccara with intention to remain some few days there for refreshing of their horses, and for returning of their Spies, which they looked not for until the Tuesday after. Upon Sunday january the 12. about noon the Spies came, bringing certain intelligence with them, that the enemy having heard of the Frenches intention to stay at Blamont, had put themselves upon their march, upon Saturday in the very beginning of the Night, to go towards S. Blayse, and could not fail of coming to it before Monday in the evening. Hereupon was order sent abroad into all the French quarters to march presently towards Badenwiller, and that the Baggage should be sent unto Baccara, to be guarded there altogether. This was instantly put in execution, and the whole troops were upon their march by two a Clock after dinner. At 4. they came to Badenwiller, where new order was given for holding on the march unto Raon-Sur plain. At 6. a Clock they entered the Hills▪ and Woods, which continued until within half a League of Raon, where by 9 a Clock they arrived. The French having there fed their horses, march thence again continuing until midnight, all through the Hills and Woods till Monday noon, the 13.23. By that time had they reached St. Blayse, where they light upon diverse of the Imperial Avaunt Curriers which were come thither to take up lodgings for the Army against night; They being taken prisoners, confessed unto the French, that the Count of Salm, whom the French then sought for, was then with his Army at Rhode, a Town about 2. Leagues off; and that certainly he would by so ne of the peasants be advertised of the Frenches being at St. Blayse, the town belonging to the Count aforesaid; so that it was not to be expected, but that upon these tidings, the Imperialists would presently counter march towards Zavern, and thus indeed it proved; for that within an hour of the Frenches coming to St. Blayse, the Imperialists marched away with all diligence, but without any Baggage.  
And thus did the young Marquis de la Force perform the business he came thither for; which was the hindrance o● the Imperialists going into Lorraine, or through it into the Franche County; of which he the same day fent advertisement to the King.  
This punctual journal and relation, is thus seconded by another from the same gentleman, to a friend of his in England, and dated from Hagenaw the 21. of Ianuar● old style.  
The French, having upon the 13.23. of january, driven the Imperialists back over the mountain's Zavern, upon the 17.27. they were set upon in their quarters, by the Swedish of Alsatia under the command of the Rhinegrave, who chased them into a castle, but half a league from Zavern called Aubar, and that with the loss of some men, and a part of their baggage.  
The 18.28. came there a messenger from the Count of Salm unto the Marquis de la Force, with offer to surrender the aforesaid Castle of Aubar into his hands, together with the Town of Hagenaw, and his retention to the Citadel of Zavern, upon condition, to be safely conducted through Lorraine into the Franche County.  
Upon the 19.29. two hours before day the Marquis de la Force, marched with the Regiments of Navarre, and Hauquincourt with six troops of horse and the Scottish Gensd'armes, who altogether having passed the hills, came two hours within night, to a quarter within half a league of Zavern. There stood the French embattled all that night, which was occasioned by an Alarm given by the Swedish, 
The Swedish not well pleased with the rendering of Hagenaw to the French. The Castle of Auber rendered to the French!  who were then encamped within a league on the other side of the Town▪ and were something now displeased, for that Hagenaw was to fall into French-singers, which Swedish were fain for all that the next day, to behold the Castle of Aubar received bv de la Force so the King his Master, and the Count of Salm with his whole troops to be conducted hard by their quarters, and betwixt the two Regiments of Navarre and Hauquincourt to be conveied over the hills into Lorraine, for the Franche County. The French troops of Horse stayed in the quarters a while, to go forwards towards Hagenaw. The Count of Salm being gone, the Garrison of Zavern were summoned by the French to take in the King's troops, 
Zavern rendered to the French.  because of the Count of Salm his resignation of the Fort thereof, which he lately had commanded for the Emperor.  
But they of the Town holding for the Duke of Lorraine, desired 6. days respite for their answer, that is, until their Prince's pleasure might be known, or the Cardinal of Lorraine (his brother, at leastwise) the Duke himself having indeed left his own Country.  
The French granted them 4. days liberty, marching immediately to a quarter within two Leagues of Hagenaw; thither they arrived late at night, after 39 hours hard march; horse and man being all that time fasting.  
january 20.30. was the surrender of Hagenaw capitulated, 
Hagenaw rendered to the French.  after which the Town was entered.  
The 22. were the French to return back to their last quarter, and then to go onwards to Zavern, to know their resolutions.  
And thus far these two accurate Relations of the Scottish Gentleman, by the end of whose former letter it appeareth further that Mounsieur de Harpaiou was heretofore left about Philipburg to receive in the Town under the French Kings protection: And that about the midst of january he still was about it: But the Swedish who had taken in the Town, would by no means consent unto his entering of it, until they should from the said French King, receive some valuable consideration and composition, for their late pains and charges in the siege and reduction of it.  
By comparing of the French Relation with these two latter ones, may the truth and circumstan- of the action be collected.    

THE CONTINUATION of the Rhinergrave.  
The French Army after this, fell into the Dukedom of Lorraine, 
The French block up La Motte.  blocking up the strong and high seated Castle of La Motte; and the rest of the Duchy they totally not long after subdued under the obedience of the French Crown. The Duke of Lorraine having by Treaties aswell as Arms, been enforced the year before to make over his Country into the French Kings hands, had now quitted the government of it to the Cardinal of Lorraine his brother, (who now married a wife) and was himself gone towards Germany with a small Army, in aid of the Emperors. The Cardinal Duke of Lorraine also, was not long after made a French prisoner in Nancy, the chiefest City of Lorraine, whence he escaped.  
To hasten the subduing therefore of Lorraine, did the Marshal de la Force march with all speed into it, leaving the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowicke in Alsatia to grapple there with the Imperialists, the Count of Salm, and the new come Duke of Lorraine, with the French Garrisons now put into Hagenaw, Zabern and Reichshofen, had the Rheinegrave so good correspondency, as emulous Captains of strange Nations, that are of the same side, use to maintain one with another.  
The great Town of Strasburg also, about the beginning of February, sent some deputies of their own, together with Mounsieur de Lisle, the French Ambassador, to treat with them also, upon terms of amity, and good neighbourhood.  
The Duke of Lorraine, about the time of the former surrender of Hagenaw, was upon his coming into Germany, not to meet with de la Force, but seeking another way to avoid him; he was not reported to be above 700. strong, both horse and foot; and with these he passed the River of Rhine at Newenburg, staying some few days at Bintzheim the upper Marquisate.  
His intentions were either to get through the walled Cities (as they called them) to the strong Town about the Bodensea, or Lake of Constantz, or else over the Gottharde Mountains into Italy, upon Saturday therefore january 25. February 3. he sent his Ambassador into the City of Bassell in Switzerland, desiring that State to grant him free passage through Rurheim: This being with good words denied him, he thereupon took the higher way through Kensach, and so to Rhinfelden.  
january 30. the said Duke, all unlooked for, presented himself with 200. Horse, conducted by the Count of Lichtenstein, by the City of Basell, supposing his own presence to be more effectual to the obtaining of the afore desired passage, but being the second time denied, he marched on the other side towards Sievertz, to conjoin with the rest of the ImperialI forces under the Count of Salm in Alsatia; de la Force being by this time gone out of the Country, into Lorraine, as is aforesaid.  
About this time fell there out a dissension between the Imperial Garrison of the sconce of Hunegin which lies close upon the North-side of Basell; some of these Imperialists going out a plundering, fell upon some sheep and small cattles, and some loads of Wine belonging to the Townsmen of basel, with whom before that they had no enmity: The Citizens hearing of it, immediately gave order to their Lieutenant Colonel Zornleim with 200. Musquetires, & 50 Horsemen to pursue after them; he doth so, overtakes and surrounds them; kills some, taketh 8. prisoners, and recovers all the Booty; this done, the said Lieutenant Colonel commands presently to let fly some Pieces of Ordnance out of St. john's Bulwark, against the fort of Hunigen, the Governor of which Fort nor understanding the meaning of it, hung out a white flag of parley, and sent to desire to know the reason of the Towns shooting at him, he was certified what his Soldiers had committed, wherein he excused himself, as being done without his privity: This may be noted both to show the terms of neutrality (or something like it) which the Swissers City of Basell bath with the Emperor; As also to give you to understand how near in those parts the Emperor hath any Garrison.  
All this time is the Rhinegrave busied in taking in of places in the upper Alsatia, where he had by this time very fare advanced into, beyond Colmar, and those parts where Gustavus Horn left conquering the last year, even some 5. or 6. German Leagues to the South-west of Colmar, as high up into the Country as the height of Basell, though some 5. or 6. League's distant to the West of it; There took he in the Towns of Sultz, and Gebweiler, 
Sultz and Gebweiler taken by the Rhinegrave.  and nearer to Colmar he drove the Castle of Ruffach unto a composition; after he had taken the City by assault: This was done by the beginning of February; In Rufach he took prisoners the old Earl of Lichtenstein, together with many other Officers, and good booty, among the rest a Mule laden with plate, as also the Coach of Herman Marquis of Baden, and his young son in it; the Lady Mother hardly escaping over the Rhine; Above 500 common Soldiers of Rufach, gave up their names to the Rhinegrave, but the Boors were all put to the sword, within a week or 10. days space (about this time) were there a full 1OOO. Imperialsits cut off in several places thereabouts, the partners also of Ensisheim, and those parts to the Eastward, being called up with all speed to Danu and Sennen upon the South of Sultz and Gebweiler, to stop the Rhinegraves' passage any further to the Southwestward: After them did the Rhinegrave pursue, making himself Master of the forsaken Ensisheim, which stands upon the River Ills towards Basell.  
By this time was the Duke of Lorraine conjoined with the Count of Salm, who having gotten all the Imperialists of the Country together, marched now with great confidence against the Rhinegrave; To whom were some few also sent from Strasburg, and such other Neighbour places as could best spare them: All these together could not make him above 2000 men in Field; in the day of the succeeding battle, the adverse party were full 6000. men, horse and foot, who made no other account at all but to hembe in the Rhinegraves' small number, and to cut them all in pieces; And now did the Imperialists assemble their strength together about Danu aforesaid, being said to be 7000. men, that is to say 1000 Foot, and 500 Horse, of the Count of Psalms own; 300. Foot and 600. Horse of the Duke of Lorraines, whom some writings make mention to be now in Burgundy in person, levying more forces, and others make to be present in the following battle of the Lorraine Colonel Mercies regiment, there were 6oo. and out of the Garrisons there about were drawn 500 more, the rest of the Imperial Army were Boors, and country people; These were drawn together about mid February; about which very time the Colonel Esher marched out of the strong Town of Brisack, upon the Rhine; who led along 500 Soldiers, and 1200. Boors gathered out of the Brechler-valley, Elsacke and Seiswaldt, not leaving above 400. Soldiers for the guard of Brisack, his expedition was said to be intended towards Waldkirck, and afterwards to assault Kentzingen, in the Kentzinger-valley, in the edge of Alsatia and Wirtemberg, so to open if it might be the passages of the Forest Schwartzwaldt, that succours might come through the Dukedom of Wirtemberg again into Alsatia, and to divert and employ for the time the forces of the Rhinegrave, for by this time had the Emperor thought to have laid it on thereabouts, and to have recovered his own Lands, and his son's Bishopric in Alsatia; To this purpose about this time was there a Captain (native of Tirole, and Reich by name) come with a Post directy from Viena to Brisack, with a straight command in the Emperor's name to the Field-marshal Shawenburge, to betake himself into the field; immediately hereupon did shawenburge cause 12. Pieces of Ordnance to be made ready to march, which he meant to take along with him: This Captain (as it was given abroad) made promise that john de Werth should come into those Countries with 1500. horse, and 3. Regiments of Foot, who should try to break through the Schwartzwaldt over the Mountains: And for the better show of the truth of this intention; there was some store of provant bread at that time sent into Fryburg: The Captain also related, how that the Emperor was very much altered with the loss of those Countries of Alsatia (which as he said) his Majesty would by no means forsake, or so give over; He said moreover, that he would strain himself to maintain Silesia, and his own hereditary Countries, and that he would conclude an honourable peace with the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg, but as for the rest of the Empire, he did less regard it; for seeing they had been always disobedient and cross unto him, he would find means well enough to keep them under; perchance indeed it was the meaning of john de Werth to have broken through into Alsatia, seeing that he two several times appeared in Overland which was the way out of Bavaria to it; both which times were his Troops and purposes defeated by Gustavus Horn; as you may read in the chapter of his Story.  
By the end of February, did the Count of Salm, suppose himself to be strong enough, to have wrought his will, upon the Rhinegrave, especially, seeing he could not on the sudden be assisted with his own forces from other parts of the Country: which the Imperial parties, now gone out of Brissacke, put to the defensive; upon Sunday therefore March 2. 12. the Lorraines and the Imperialists 6000. or 7000. strong, set upon him, that was little above 2000 and betwixt the Town of Sennen, and the Dorp of Ochsenfeldt, about two of the clock in the afternoon; they thought to have surrounded him.  

A great victory obtained by the Rhinegrave.  'tis written, that the Rhinegrave, by a desperate charger, beat quite through his enemies, and forced his own liberty. At which time assuming a new courage, from his experience of the possibility, to pierce die Enemies, he returned again upon them afresh, and utterly, with small loss of his own party, defeated them. The Generals of which Victory, are thus reported out of the Conquerors own writing, thus divulged by another hand, to whom the Rhinegrave himself writ it.  
From Colmar, March 3./ 13. 1633.  
BY this occasion I give you to understand, that within this hour, his Excellency, the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowick hath sent me a most welcome letter by his own Trumpet: how that yesterday in the afternoon, about two of the clock, his ExcelIencie lighted upon the Enemy, about Sennen, whom by God's special help and assistance, he immediately, and without any considerable loss of our forces, hath utterly routed and dispersed. The old Earl of Salm, that was Vicar at Zabern, the Marquis Bassompier, General over the Lorraine forces, with the Colonel Mercy, he took prisoners; Colonel Philip a gentleman very much esteemed amongst the Loraines, was shot and killed by a horseman, of the Rhinegraves' life Regiment. The most part of the horsemen, hath he put to the sword, or taken prisoners: diverse Ensigns and Cornets were obtained, together with all their Ordnance. The foot forces he pursued through the Vineyards, which he is still in chase of: the rest of the Officers, and Commanders, that are taken prisoners and slain, he will certify me of, by the next occasion: thus fare out of the Rhinegraves' own letter.  
Other writings inform us, that those three great Prisoners, were brought into Colmar, and Colonel Philip, was shot by one that knew him: that there were slain full 2000 men upon the place, whereof very few of the Rhinegraves': the reason of the suddenness, and greatness of the victory was, for that the foot, so soon as ever they perceived their horsemen to be routed, they took flight, and thought to have saved themselves in the Vineyards: nevertheless they were pursued thither, and cut down, and the Italians especially, who obtained no quarter. And whereas 800. soldiers, took conditions of the Rhinegrave, and whereas the baggage of the defeated was thrust into the Town of Sennien, that is now hard blocked up. The Duke of Lorraine was supposed to be gotten into Dann, others imagining, that he retired amongst the 2. Regiments that fled from Brissack. After this, the Rhinegrave sent his own life regiment with the Nassawish, who cut off a great many of them, and brought back 600. more Prisoners; which is a very great victory, and especially considering the odds of 3. to one, and that the enemy presumed to hue him all in pieces: I here was presented 10. Cornets, and as many Ensigns unto the Chancellor Oxenstein, upon March 27. when he was at Francford.  

The Castle of Befo●t and Altkirch taken by the Rhinegrave.  Presently upon this did the Rhinegrave send the Bohemian Colonel Schavalitzki, to take in waldshut, one of those which they call the waldt Cities; This is a passage above Bazell, and the Colonel performed it happily; The Rhinegrave himself also in the pursuit of his victory, took in one Town after another in Alsatia, among the rest the City of befor'rt, together with the Castle Brimtraut, and Altkirch, and the Fort of Hunnigen, close by Bazell, yea the whole Bishopric of Bazell was brought under contribution; This was done within 10. days after the victory; About which time there was 5. troops of The Rhinegraves', of Zillards Regiment, set over the Rhine not fare from Bazell, who surprised and cut in pieces a troop of Imperial Horses, which they found in a near Market-town together with some others, insomuch that they sent back above 100 Prisoners into the sconce of Hunnigen: At Rhinefelden were diverse Rhine Ships, already loaden with Victuals and Ammunition, to have been sent down the River unto Brisack; But the Imperialists were fain to unloade the Ships again, because that the passage was already blocked up by the Swedish, soon o this provision they notwithstanding sent by land thither.  
Some writings relate of another great victory which the Rhinegrave should have gotten since the former, and 6. Ensigns in it, but these Ensigns might rather be gleaned up in the several small defeats, then in any one great Conflict that we have particular of.  
And thus had the Rhinegrave by mid March advanced his Conquests as fare as the City of Bazell; at which Town (being Protestants, and Well-willers to his proceed) I find him now in person, and that there he passed his Army over to Rhine-bridge to go towards Brisack; This very strong and most considerable Town of Brisack had the French offered many treaties unto, to surrender up into his protection, but the Imperial Governor had wit enough to refuse it; And now do the two Rhinegraves' go several ways with their Armies, the Rhinegrave john Philip marching against the Waldt Cities; and our General the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowicke advancing along the Rhines side, and Eastern bank of it towards Brisack, which standeth on the same shore of the Rhine to the North of Bazell; Otto Lodowicke goes to Newenburg;; by the way on the same side of the River with Brisack.   

The Actions of the Landgrave of Hessen, and his Lieutenant General Molander: As also of the Swedi●h Field-marshal, the Lord Dod● Baron of Kniphausen.  
THe Catholic Leaguers having made a new Confederation betwixt them. And in the Cathedral Church of Cullen, with great solemnity and laying their hands upon the Golden-Fleece, new sworn this Confederation: Then did their new raised forces march out of Cullen; They put over the Rhine unto Deutz, whence they went into westphalia, to join with Boninghausen.  
These Leaguish forces made the first show of themselves upon the River of Roer, near which Melander lay, upon the other side of a bridge, which the Hassians for preventions sake, but lately had burnt down.  
This was about the middle of November; At which time the Eelt-marshall Kniphausen lay with his forces about the River Lip, some two leagues from the River Roer, near the Duke of Newburgs' Land of Berg: As namely at Lune, Werne, and those places.  
Lieutenant general Melander, with half the Hassian troops, lay to watch the River Roer: and to hinder the conjunction of those of the Bishop of Munster, with Colonel Schellhammer, who was the man that now brought the new Army from Cullen.  

Werle taken by Melander.  The Hassian Lieutenant Melander, upon the 11. of November, took in Werle: which upon the coming o● these new Leaguers, he fortified after the modern fashion. For he had found good store of Ammunition in it: that is to say, 12. tons of gunpowder, 7. barrels of Musket bullet, a good quantity of Iron bullets for field-pieces; half a barrel of hand Granades, one great one, some sheaves of Arrows, some chain-bullets, 7. brass pieces, and 3. broken ones: 4. of Iron, and 5. Chambers, besides a great quantity and provision of meal, fruits, and other necessaries.  

Amoenenberg taken by Hessen.  About this time, was the Landgrave himself, before Amoenenberg, which after much battery, and burning part of the Town, with flinging in of fireworks and granadoes, was taken.  
Boninghausens' garrison in it, being forced to yield upon composition. This was done about the middle, or towards the 20. of November, and the garrison being 12. ●oote Companies, and one troop of horse, they marched forth upon the 19 with bag and baggage. But for that Boninghausen, at his former inroade into those parts, had carried away some Hassian Officers, which he still kept prisoners: therefore were some of his now kept under arrest by the Landgrave, till the others should be released.  
November 21. old style, did Melander make himself master of the liberty of Roerort upon the river Roer, and enquartered his people in it, and in the Country betwixt the Rivers of Roer and Lip. And by that time, 
Hamm Soest and Lip taken by Kniphausen.  had Kniphausen taken in all the places about Hamm, Soest, and Lip, and made his quarters in that Country.  
The chief Landlords thereupon assembled at Dortmund, to consult what contribution to give unto him. Upon this news, was Boninghausen costrained to a retreat towards Cullen: And the Duke of Neuburg went from Cullen to Brussels, to desire aid and counsel from the Spanish. Kniphausen and Melander followed Bonninghausen; and Melander gave summons to the Town of Duisburg; which Town pretending to be under protection of the Hollanders, they were commanded within 10. days to bring certificate of that; or else to take in Garrison.  
The Swedes pursued the retreat upon Boninghausen, as fare as the Country of Berg, some of them: And others unto Andernach, near the Rhine, who attempting upon that Town, were beaten off in the night time, about the end of November; on which very night had Boninghausens' men an enterprise upon the Findland Colonel Stalhansh his quarters, who lay on the other side of the River Roer, with 12. troops of Horse, and some Dragonners.  
The Boninghusers put over the Rhur at Wenigeren, with most part, or all their horse and Dragonners: Colonel Lohe being sent with 600. horse to assault Stalhansh on the back also. The Boninghausers being come up to the first watch of Stalhanshes, a Finland Ritmaster, who guarded there with 60. horse, took the alarm upon their coming, and charged the foremost of them: two troops he routed and put to the sword, himself in the conflict being deadly wounded. The Boninghausers supposing Stalhanshes himself had been there with all his Regiment, immediately thereupon retired; as upon the same fear Colonel Lohe also did on the other side. Boninghausen recollecting his men thereupon, and encouraging them to fall on again, by vowing his own readiness to live and die with them, could not for all that persuade them to their danger again; Instead of which, they now cried out for pay and money, and he that last received means at Cullen let him now fight. Thus went they over the Roer again very much discontented, crying on all hands for their winter quarters.  
Boninghausen before his retreating from about Raedu●rmwalt Schwelen, Remsheil, Wermerskircken and those places about Sollingen had left 7. Cornets of horse to burn down the bridges at Hattungen and other Towns upon the Roer, that their evemie might go the further about, ere they could pursue them.  
After this, they came towards Dusseldorp upon the Rhine; which made the Country people much afraid, wishing these friends of theirs further off them.  
But of this fear they were discharged, for that Boninghausen marched back again presently; and sent some up into the Bishopric of Munster in Westphalia, whither Feltmarshall Kniphausen sent after him.  

Hildesheim besieged by Lunenburg.  The great Town of Hildesheim in Brunswickland, wherein there was an Imperial Garrison, had some while now been besieged by the Duke of Lunenburgs' forces, and some of the Boors of the Country. The Horsemen within it towards the end of November, sallying out upon the Boor's quarters, foully ruinated and burnt them; but the Lunenburgers Horsemen made the salleyers to retire presently.  
The Earth was so hard frozen, that the besiegers could not work as they would have done upon their approaches: However November 27. the besieged were beaten out of a mill without the Town, which they possessed; and all things were so prepared for an assault, that the Townsmen sent an Officer to Colonel Chlern at Munden, for his directions how to behave themselves in the surrendering of the City.  
The Landgrave of Hessen about this time was come before Bracken in the diocese of Paderborne, whereinto Colonel Paul Daub with 300. men was retired, which town he shortly brought into obedience.  

The Town of Munden sallying out, give a great defeat to the Brauneckish Regiment.  The Imperial Garrison of Munden, in the mean time fell out upon the Brauneckish regiment about Vffelne, which they so utterly defeated, that they carried away 7. Ensigns and 500 horse back with them into Munden.  
Feltmarshall Kniphausen toward the middle of December, went into the Dukedom of Westphalia, and presented his army before the Town of Saltshoten, belonging to the Elector of Cullen.  
Hither also came the Landgrave of Hessen: but because upon the taking of the Town there was some treachery used by the besieged, and fury enough and too much by the conquerors, which hath been taxed of cruelty by those of Cullen, you shall have the manner of it related by order of Kniphausen.   

The manner of the Siege, and taking in of Saltzkoten, with three Letters Concerning it.  
Paderborne, December 13./ 23. 1633.  
SIR I here give you to understand that so soon as the Lord Feltmarshall Kniphausen had intelligence how the Imperialists under the leading of L'Eremite, and Tauben, having first defeated Colonel Seakireken, with his Hassian Regiment in the Town of Brilon, were now advanced to Brackel in the Bishopric of Paderborn; his Excellency the Feltmarshall having notice likewise of the Hassian General Major Dalwigs being ready to march up into those parts after them, with a good part of the Cavalry, he also with some Horse-troopes and Draggoners advanced up thither-wards, hoping thereabouts to light upon the Enemy.  
But having advice now brought him that L'eremite, having first of all drawn the Colonel Osterholt with his 5. companies unto him (which The said Osterholt had new levied in Brackel) were both together again retired towards the mountains; his Excellence upon the desire of the Landgrave of Hessen, would not let slip the fairness of opportunity.  
In the mean time, therefore that Colonel Stalhansh was a coming up to him back again out of the Land of Marck; he put on resolution by all means to tempt out the Enemy into the field, and to come out of the mountains and lurking corners; The best way to do this he supposed to be the besieging of Saltzkoten, one League distant from Paderborne.  
The Garrison within the Town consisted of 340. Foot of Colonel Westphalens' Regiment, which had heretofore done spoil enough in the Country thereabouts, both in their march and Countermarch.  
The Feltmarshall hereupon the 19 9 of the same December, took his first view of the said City, immediately preparing to assault it. The next day were the Ordnance planted against it, and the Commander and Governor within the Town, by these Letters summoned to Surrender.  
THe Commander in the City of Saltzkoten may sufficiently, by his own understanding, make judgement of my main intention in thus near approaching unto himself and Garrison: His own estate moreover, and the case he presently is in, himself cannot but be sensible of; How, namely, he is at present left in a lonely place; where, besides the feebleness of his walls, there is no relief to be expected from him; nor will I conceal it from him, how that he is already environed with a Swedish army-royal, and that another Hassian Army is even now hard at hand to come against him: And therefore do I now desire him to resolve himself upon these points of War:  
Whether he hath not had honour enough in it, that I have not only caused the Canon to be planted, but have already played with them likewise upon his Town?  
Or whether he desires to see more Forces brought against him?  
Or whether to have a Breach shot in his walls before he would surrender?  
To which extremity if he suffers it to come, I then assure the Commander and his Soldiers, that I will make such an example of them, that he shall have cause enough given unto him, how in time to bethink himself, in good time to deliver up the Town's Keys unto such an Army so well furnished with Artillery: And this I thought good to let him understand; His answer whereunto I will expect by this present Trumpeter, unto whom (according to the custom of Wars) I desire you to give pass and repass freely.  
Given in the head quarter at Verneburg, December, 10. 20. 1633. His Majesties of Swedens' appointed Feltmarshall, Dodo, Baron of Inhausen and Kniphausen.  
The Town's answer.  
To the Illustrious and Noble Lord Dodo Baron of Kniphausen, Lord Lutzburg, Bergum, Jnnelt, and Vpplewert: By his Majesty, and the Crown of Sweden appointed General Felt-Martiall.  
YOur Letter of the 10. 20. of this month, was safely delivered unto our hands, by this bearer the Trumpeter, and the Contents thereof we have seriously considered: whereupon we here send this our answer unto you; which is, That although we be somewhat fare off from our Army, yet nevertheless, have we Sufficient signs and assurance given us, in very good time to be relieved. For this cause do we hold ourselves obliged, seriously to consider upon our oath, and to maintain this our Town so long as possible we are able. At this moreover we rejoice, that so renowned a Cavalry is already presented before our Town; And that more are coming after: As also that there be Articles of agreement already propounded unto us, and these firmed with his Princely Eccllencies Seal manual. That the Lord Feltmarshall hath vouchsafed us a Salve with his Canon, we have not been able to withstand it. But as for showing so much honour unto him and to his Army, as to present the Town Keys to him, we entreat him to spare us at this present: For whereas we have no greater thing to lose then our honours and good names, we should in doing otherwise, endanger both of them; especially, seeing at this present time we are not reduced to the necessity of coming to a composition. We are therefore resolved to do our best; B ourselves and soldiers fully being purposed to defend ourselves unto the uttermost of our abilities, until our succours may come up to us. And thus we take our leaves, being otherwise very ready to do our best service unto the Lord Feltmarshall and all his Cavallers.  
Zaltzkoten, December. 11./ 21. 1633. Elmerhus of Nihusen, Captain and Commander of the Town. john james of Stotzingen, Governor.  
Upon receipt of this Letter, the Feltmarshall kept his men quiet all this day, expecting with patience a more considerate answer from them; as also whilst the Landgrave of Hessens Army might be come up nearer to him. In the Evening was order given by the Feltmarshall for the mounting of all his Canons; which by break of day next morning, December 12.22. began to play. The whole Army likewise, horse and Foot, was presented in Battaglias, before the noses of the besieged: And that it might plainly appear how unwilling he was to have the matter brought unto extremities; His Excellency the said Feltmarshall, so soon as he perceived his Canon to have made the breach, saultable for the avoiding of Christian bloodshed, once again sent into the Town; as in this Letter following.  
I Understand by the Answer of the Commanders and other Captains, which is yesterday received, that the City Saltzkoten resolved to hold out until their reliefs be come up to them. Their humours in truth I must very well approve off; but I would have them withal to understand, that there was no such thing as reliefs to be expected. For mine own part, I would give 1000 Ducats to their Armies, that they once had but the courage to show their faces, and to present themselves before Saltzkoten; seeing both their Armies, yours within the City, and your reliefs without, should by God's assistance find breake-necke entertainment enough from us. What you mean by the agreement by you mentioned I understand not. But if you forthwith conclude not upon a reasonable agreement with me, there shall no composition be ever again offered: And of this let you and your be well assured, as God liveth. But if your pleasures be to see more Forces, you may easily obtain that favour, but to your own ruin it will prove, for that you shall not have so much as any hope of mercy ever after it. And thus by this present Trumpet you shall send me your direct and categorical answer, and withal, grant free pass and repass unto him, withal according to the custom of Arms.  
Given at the head quarter at Vrneburg, Decem. 11.22. 1633. By his Majesty and the Crown of Swedens' appointed Feltmarshall, Dodo, Baron of Inhausen and Kniphausen.  
This Trumpeter did the Commander Nihausen detain above two hovers in the Town: Whereupon was order given to his Army by the Feltmarshall, that every man should do his uttermost.  
The Trumpeter being at last dismissed, and he after his coming out, giving Summons to the Town by sounding o● his Trumpet: The Commander sent out his Drum after him to excuse his own delay unto the Felt-Martiall: His pretence for it was, that he must first call a Council of War of all his Officers, that he might be able to answer the better for himself hereafter, for all these his behaviours.  
Hereupon was the same Trumpet dispatched back again, to signify to the Commander, how that his Excellency would lose no more time; and therefore must the Commander now absolutely declare himself, whether or no he would set open his gates presently? Upon the coming of this messenger to the gates, the Governor john james Stotzingen, desired conference with some Officer of the field of the Swedish partee; Upon which news, the Feltmarshall sends his own Sergeant Major to him. A cessation of Arms being commanded upon it: The Governor coming forth of the Town unro the Swedish Mayor, tells him that his Commission was personally to treat with the Felt-Martiall; and in the mean time is the Trumpet detained in the City.  
By this time was his Princely Excellency the Landgrave of Hessen, come to his own Troops before the Town, whose opinion was, that the best way were to go to the House of Verneburg (as being the head quarter) and there in writing to set down the agreement, and that in the mean time, the truce should be continued: Whilst this was a doing, the Citizens and Soldiers of the Town, invite the Swedish Soldiers to a cup of their own Beer; telling them that very shortly they should be good friends together.  
The Swedish and Hassian Soldiers giving credit to their fair invitation, approach unto the very gates, and there drink with them. His Excellency hearing this, gave command unto his Officers to keep their Soldiers well together, and to take heed of coming too near the gates of an enemy, and to shun all occasion of confusion.  
The Officers hereupon going to perform their charge, and to bring off the Soldiers; A Captain of the Dragonners, was by a Citizen shot thorough and thorough the body; 
Those of Saltzkoten deal treacherously with the Swedes.  At which instant there was such hot fire given upon the unarmed Swedish (both horse and foot) that a great many were then wounded, and a many more killed right out upon the place; Yea, the besieged not contented herewith, were so impudent as to revile and give base words unto those whom they dealt thus treacherously with, saying; Thus must the Heretic Swedes be fetched over, this is the way to handle them.  
News being brought of this Barbarism unto the Landgrave and Kniphausen, just as they were setting down the Articles of Agreement; They were not to be blamed if they were thoroughly enraged to see such a cheat, and affront put upon them.  
Immediately hereupon, they both riding to their Troops, gave order to let fly their Ordnance, and to make the breach wider, and that their whole Army should turn into it.  
To perform this were the Soldiers now most eager, not only out of courage and hope of Booty, but to revenge withal the death of their fellows and comrades, thus basely murdered. But before the Soldiers fell on, there was another Trumpet sent into the Town, to desire them to leave shooting till the Swedish might fetch off their dead and wounded fellow Soldiers. This would not the besieged hearken unto, but answered with their Muskets again, and an hideous shooting.  
But so soon as they by and by perceived the Swedes and Hassians to be falling in among them, and without mercy eager to have begun the execution, than they caused one Drum to beat a Parley here, and another there: Then could they hang a white Flag and a Hat in the mouth of their breach; and then on all hands they could cry for quarter, and for mercy. But now were the Victor's ears as close slopped, as the others had been heretofore: For by this time had the Felt-Martiall lead on, and encouraged his people to the Assault, put them into the breach, and had given them this watchword, Thus Fortunate.  
And now did both Citizens and Soldiers think how to save themselves; some leaping over the Town Walls on the further sied, others getting into the Church, and turrets of the Gates; but so there could but few escape away, and the most of them were put unto the sword.  
The Governor of the Town (who went upon two Crutches) having hid himself in the Church Steeple, was upon promise of a great ransom taken prisoner by a Lieutenant. But it is believed verily that the Landgrave will put him upon a Martial Court, for the trial of his life; to see whether he had behaved himself in this Action according to the Law of Arms, or not; For assured it is by those prisoners that were saved, that he had not above half a Tun of Powder left to hold out the Town withal; so that he had neither reason, nor policy with him, to be thus obstinate, but hath to answer rather (and that very deeply) for so much bloodshedding, and for the destruction of such a City.  

Saltzkoten's set on fire, and then taken.  A little before the assault had been given, was the Town set on fire, by heaving and shooting in of Granades in two several places; which burned so fiercely, that had the besieged been never so well provided and resolved to have holden out, yet had they never been able to have stayed in the breach, the heat of the burning City was so vehement. And this hath added unto the obstinacy of the besieged.  
By this fire was the whole Town (excepting some few houses) quite consumed unto Ashes, and the whole provision of Corn spoiled.  
The Salt-coates, or Salt-houses from whence this Town had her name, and did get her living, were not at all touched by the fire. The most part of the Soldiers found good booty both in the Houses, and under ground, so that they could be contented to have such a day every week.  
That Evening did the Landgrave and the Felt-Martiall draw off their Troops, causing them to stand the whole night following in the open field, in Battaglias: The reason for which was, for that the Governor of the Town had very confidently given it out, that Boninghausen would be there that night to relieve him. But this proving false, the Victor's next morning marched again to Paderborn, leaving a small garrison only in Saltzkoten to keep those few houses that are yet standing: And now was the whole Bishopric of Paderborn quite freed from Imperialists.   

CHAP. VIII. More of Hessen and Kniphausen, and something of the Chancellor Oxenstiern, and of his propositions for a Diet.  
As also of Boninghausen, and the new Spanish Army of Celada.  
Much complaint was made amongst the Catholics of Cullen, concerning the hard Usage and burning of Saltzkoten, which belonged unto their Elector, as a Town of his comendam Bishopric of Paderborn. The ordinary Auisoes also printed at Cullen, Number 1. and 2. to make the Protestants more odious; had invented I know not what miracle of a Cross, which was repaired again by some of the Hassians, with the cruelty of Magdenburg, and of the dead Protestants, then cast into the Elbe, who contrary to the course of Nature, swum up the stream with hands folded up and erected. The Catholic tholike Miracle-monger, was also put in mind of the late cruelty used by his Partee at the taking of the City of Munden, situate upon the River Fulda and Weira; And to justify the burning of Saltzkoten, the former Relation divulged, with the Letters to it.  
Saltzkoten being thus taken, Kniphausen and Stalhansh made toward the City of Warburg, whereabouts were some of Boninghausens and L'eremites men, as if they had come so far to relieve the lost City; these retiring upon the coming of the Swedish Kniphausen, intended not to follow them, leaves the Landgrave of Hessen to look to them, and to those parts; And at the Town of Huxter, passeth the Weser into Brunswickland, with 14. Regiments. Now the intention was to take in the great City of Hildesheim, which had sometimes been weakly blocked up by the Lunenburg and Brunswick forces.  
To go the roundlier to work with that siege, was the Finish Colonel Stalhansh reported to be sent away with some 2000 horse, and 1000 foot, which if they should prove too weak to force Hildesheim then was Gonrtzen (the second man of the army unto Kniphausen) to follow with other 4. Regiments. But Stalhanshes went not forwards, for that he went back to the Landgrave. And whereas the Garrison of Hildisheim had towards the end of December, fallen out into the neighbour Bishopric of Osna, and had pillaged Quackenburg, Padburg, Bramshe, and other places thereabouts; against these in person advanceth Kniphausen. And at this Town of Osnaburg I find mention of him january 9.19. where the belief than was, that he would very shortly set forward against Hildesheim: The Garrison of which Town, upon his coming upon them retired home with all speed unto their Quarter.  
As for Stalhansh he either went not at all to Hildesheim, or else was quickly countermanded; for the Lord Chancellor Oxenstiern, general director of the war, having been at Erfurt and Duringen, to meet there with the great personages and Ambassadors of these parts and Princes, to prepare them for the appointed Diet at Frankford, to be held the first of March follow-this Lord Chancellor going from Erfurt january 14.24. towards Hall and Magdenburg; by his direction was Stalhanshes sent back to Erfurt: And there (as the Letters from thence assure) was he with 7. regiments arrived, a few days after the 20th. of january: What his design was the said Letters could not guess. And by that time was the Lord Kniphausen himself gone before Hildesheim in Brunswickland, the siege whereof, he hoped in a short time to bring unto perfection.  

Oxenstien●ns propositin to the diet of Halberstat.  About january 25. was the Lord Chancellor Oxenstiern at Magdenburg, to attend there upon the States of the great circle of the Lower Saxony, who january 27. were to begin their diet at Halberstat, whether the Lord Cancellor repaired. The Chancellor's main proposition to them was to come into the union of Heilburn, with those 4. Circles of the Empire which had leagued there together the last April, and acknowledged the Prince Palatine for elector. The intended diet of Frankford was also to be a general one for all the Protestants, and would the lower Saxony give a good answer, it would be a fair induction to the Electors of Saxony, and Brandenburg to come in also. Saxony had not appeared at Erfurt as was expected, but Brandenburg was said to have given contentment.  
But whereas it was reported that Saxony was unwilling to have the Lord Oxenstiern to continue the Office of Directorship, and that himself began again to hearken to a Treaty with the Emperor, the fear was, that either it would put off the diet of Frankford until the first of May following, or else that the backwardness of so great a Prince, would be a great hindrance either unto the dispatch or good resolution which was expected from it, whereof we shall speak more hereafter.  
To return to the Landgrave of Hessen in the Bishopric of Paderborne: The Swedes being thus passed the Weser, the Landgrave presently gave summons unto the Country of Lip, commanding in particular the Deputy of the Town of Lipstat to appear before him, and to treat about receiving of a tolerable Garrison from him. They pretended neutrality, and he pressed for their categorical answer the next morning. Whereupon on Wednesday, 
Lipstat surrendered to Hessen upon composition.  December 18. he advanceth from Paderborne Town with his own people, and some Swedish led by Stalhansh. That night he presented himself on both sides of Lipstat, and made himself Master of a Port or two: Whereupon after summons given, and a long dispute about neutrality, they were fain to admit of conditions, and the next day received the Landgrave into their City. That day did Melanders Regiment light upon a horse troop of Colonel Wendles, where killing the Lieutenant and Cornet, they took some 30. Prisoners, and 40. horses.  
Hear at Lipstat the Landgrave stayed some days to treat with the Towns of the Mark, as Ham, Sorst Lunen, and the rest whom their Lord the Elector of Brandenburg was willing for a time to put under the Landgraves' protection; And by the putting in of Hassian garrisons into these towns is Munster quite blocked. This was concluded about the Christmas holy-days; Stalhanshes in the mean time assaulted some of Bonninghausens' forces, and driven them into Wipperfurd; and about this time the City of Lemburg in Westphalia was taken by the Swedish. Others of Boninghausens' people in the mean time, fell upon Patherg, and Bernighausen, on the Country of Walbeck to fetch from the Earl thereof, the remainder of the old contribution, Boninghausens' advantage was, for that Hessen was at that time to the further and lower parts of the Country, but he having notice of it, sent some good forces to encounter them, besides which there were four Regiments of Horse and Foot to defend the Country, besides the Trayne-bands.  
In the end of December, the Landgrave sent messengers to the Town of Brielon, with whom it was agreed to turn out the Imperial Garrison in the Town, and to take in a Hashish. To take possession of this Town, was the Horse regiment of Nassaw sent, & two weak foot companies, December 27. These marching along sent their Quartermaster towards the Town before them: Him the Imperialists light upon, and by him learned the strength and purposes of the Hassians, whereupon they divided themselves into two Ambushes, disposing of them in the Gardens before Brielen, and the other into the Forests. The Hassians mistrusting something by the not returnihg of their Quartermaster, part themselves immeditely into 4. bodies, and so advanced. That divison which was to go by the Gardens were let fly at by the Imperial ambush, who so readily returned their fire, and lead again to them, that with the loss of some lives, and 30. Prisoners, the rest were chased into Brielen. Of these prisoners did the Hassians learn out the other Ambush in the forest, and that they were two strong for them; retreating thereupon, two companies of theirs were set upon by the others and beaten, many of the Hassians there lost their liberties, and one Ensign: The others 2. companies that went another way, heard nothing at all of this bickering, but returned safely to their appointed rendezvous with 14 prisoners of the enemy.  
In the end of December, or beginning of january, went the Landgrave himself back into Hessen, being at his Palace of Cassel to entertain the young Baron Oxenstiern, eldest son unto the Chancellor who was come thus fare onward of his way to go Ambassador into England. There was a French Ambassador also coming to the Landgrave, with offer to make him first Marshal of France, and 12000. French crowns yearly pension. These the Landgrave accepted of, yet upon condition not to serve the French King a 'gainst the Protestants.  
The Landgrave being thus absent, and Kniphausen gone fare enough off, then begin the Imperialists to peep abroad again. Osterholtz, Paul Daub and Ermite, about the 22. of january comes out of the Bishopric of Munden, with a purpose to recover Ibaderborne, but being beaten back by the Garrison in it, they went towards Warburg, where finding no Hassian Garrison, they pillaged the Town, and took all the provisions along with them, going into Flota upon the river Weser, where they sat down. Boninghausen also about the same time put abroad again; He understanding of 9 companies of Hassians then lying in the Town of Ruden, in the Bishopric of Cullen, and close upon the Bishopric of Paderborne, thought unawares to have surprised them. january 29. very early in the morning, from about the river Roer he falls upon them of Rinden, but they having notice of his coming, prepared so well to entertain him, that they killed him 300. men, & took 200. prisoners. Amongst the rest was La Molli said to be slain, a man of great esteem. Boninghausens' friends of Cullen (who writ this) suppose, that if he had led on his troops presently, and not kept them so long in the frost, the enterprise might have taken his effect. From thence went Boninghausen back again towards the Roer, enquartering at the Towns of Iserlon, Altena, and Aeusperg. Boninghausen kept to these parts, both to prevent the Hassian Lieutenant general Melander, who lay now upon the Bishopric of Cutten, some few leagues to the left hand of him, betwixt the rivers Roer, Lip and Rhine; he there expected also to have some 7. regiments of the Spanish Marquis of Celeda to come over the Rhine to him, which having been levied about Cullen with the King of Spain's money, had laid some time already in the Country of Luxemburg: But they could not so soon be gotten over the Rhine; for want of money, (as some writ) they were also uncertain which way to be led, either to join with Boninghausen, or to fall into the Westerwalt by Frankford, or upon any other place, where there was least appearance of opposition.  
About the end of january, had the Imperial or Leaguish Colonel Grimberger, Governor of Andernach, a design of retaking the Town of Roroert upon the Rhine, before taken by Melander; but his coming was not so sudden as to surprise the garrison; who very ill entertained him and his people; himself they deadly wounded, whereof he shortly after died at Ordingen: This was a valiant Gentleman, and his loss very much bemoaned at the court of the Elector of Cullen. In his place was Captain Pafman made governor of Andernach, by the said Elector. Presently upon this did the Imperialists which had been turned pout of the garrisons of Hagenaw and Zabern, by the Marshal de la Force, come to the River of mosel, sending for entertainment under the Bishop of Cullen. These also, together with some others cashiered by the Duke of Lorraine, were said to be appointed to be joined to Boninghausen. The report at Cullen now, was, that Count Wolff of Mansfield was there expected, and that he was to be General over Boninghausens' forces, and of the 7. Regiments of Celada; which last, at this time were no nearer to fassing the Rhine then about Reymbach; and the Horse troops about Munstereyfell in the edge of Luxemburg; nor were they very hasty to go further, for that there were some Swedish drawing together on the other side the Rhine. To requite Colonel Grimbergers former visit of the Swedish and Hassians in Roeroert; they about the first week of February put over the Rhine, and surprised 25. horsemen of the Elector of Gullens own life guard, whom they carried away prisoners with them. The 12. or 14 of February, the 7. Celadish Regiments were come to Meienfeldt behind Andernach; to which Town diverse flat-bottomed Boats were come together from Boon and Cullen, to transport them over the Rhine. The marquis of Celada was now treating with the Culleners: His 7. Regiments were now said to be 1600. Horse, and 300. Foot, to which were added those of Zabern and Hagenaw, 5. Companies; consisting of 300. a piece, were also to be sent from Cullen after them. To confront them, were the Hassian troops drawn together about Geissen. And now was the Protestants diet of Frankford, which was first appointed to have begun the first of March, put off for a while; not so much for fear of these 7. Regiments, as because the diet of the lower Saxony, & the treaties which the Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony detained the Lord Director Oxenstiern for a while, yet about those parts. About the 24. of February, the 7. Regiments passed over the Rhine; and of the way they took, we shall speak by and by.  
The Hassian Lieutenant Melander, in the mean time took in the City of Essen, betwixt the Rhine Lip, and Boer, notwithstanding the Boninghausen was so near to him: this was in the beginning of February. After which, that the Imperialists of Dorken, in the edge of the Bishopric of Munster, had surprised the Castle of Raeswelt, and taken the Swedish Commissary Dorhorff in it: He passed the River Lip at Dorsten, to go against them; for the hindrance of their further progress in Munsterland; upon this did Colonel Ketelar Governor there for the Emperor, assemble all his forces together to oppose him. The Imperialists of Munster also, about 2000 strong, sallied forth Northward, and plundered the little country or Lordship of Steeneford; which belonged unto the Earl of Bentheim.  
In the mean time went the Felt-Martiall Kniphausen, to hasten on the siege of Hildesheim; before which it is said that he arrived, january the 22. it was written from the Neighbour town of Hamelen upon the Weser, that Duke George of Lunenburg, who had till then been General over that Army; did at that time give over and surrender unto Kniphausen.  
And whereas the Catholic Leaguers at Cullen, had appointed their Colonel Paul Daub to go to the relief of Hildesheim, he durst not pass the River Weser to do it; but retired again from Flota, into the Bishopric of Paderborne.  
By mid February, had Kniphausen made himself master of one great Ravelen before Hildesheim; and was said to labour hard about drawing the water out of the town ditch.  
By this time, the Imperialists in Munster and Weydeburg, took the House or Castle of Ludinhausen from the Hassian: In which action they lost Captain Bergun before it, together with 200. men; which Bergun was sometimes Governor in Osnabrug. This Osnabrug being the chief Town of the great Bishopric of that name, which joins with ●he Bishopric of Munster upon the North, was now ●n possession of the Swedish; yea and the Lord Gustaveson, Natural Son to the deceased King of Sweden; was by this time installed Bishop of Osnaburg. The solemnity of it was performed upon Wednesday, january 29. the Lord Resident Diechman giving him possession. The Gentry and Commons of the Bishopric then also took their oaths to him, and the next day was the first Evangelicall Sermon preached in the jesuites College.  
Boninghausens' people in the mean time, were fain to range about the Earldom of Waldeck for their victuals: and some of them about Mid February, hoping to pillage Brenna, lost 12 men before it. Attempting upon Mengerickhausen, they were worse used: losing a Ritmaster among the rest, who was slain: by a stone thrown from the Town-wall upon his head. Boninghausens' head quarter was still, Febr. 23. about Arusperg upon the Roer; where he had now lain a whole month together: The Imperialists under Eremite and Osterholtz, now fall in with Boninghausens' rangers to plunder the said Earldom of Waldeck: yea, Eremites people had like to have pillaged the Earls own Castle of Aeolfe. Others fell upon the Town of Roden: but the subjects every where beat them from their walled places. But by that time that the 7 Spanish Regiments of Celada, were set over the Rhine at Andernatht, a great part of them under the leading of Colonel Roveroy, marching North-East-ward thorough the country of the Westerwaldt, fell likewise into this Country of Waldeck; where they pillaged all the Western side and middle of it, for 14 or 16 miles about. So that in this Country about this end of February, lay the most part of the Leaguers forces: which North and South is contiguous with the Land of Hessen: Out of which Hessen, there came 3000 or 4000 men, into the Westerwaldt by the principality of Beylsteim, to confront them. Another part of these 7. Spanish Regiments, put themselves Southward, into the Bishopric of Triers, to recover that from the French and Swedish. They took their way to the river Lh●n or Leave, but the Swedish break down all the Bridges, to hinder their passage.  
The French Governor of Hermansteyne, sent 800 men unto the Swedish Commander Laenstein, to secure them against the Spanish. And whereas the Swedish (which were but 200 strong in the town of Limburg) supposed themselves too weak to maintain the place, they therefore for the time surrendered it up unto the French, who were better able from Hermansteyn, to maintain and secure it. The Spaniards coming before this Limburg, fell to assault the bridge, but the French gave so fierce fire upon them, that they were constrained to retire again, without doing what they came for: Hence returned they over the Rhine, into their former quarters in Lawemburg. The other 4 Regiments likewise, that had done so much mischief in Waldeck, being not able to get further, either into Hessen or Paderborn: were enforced to retire again towards Cullen: to conjoin with whom, Boninghausen was said to march Southward from the River of Roer, clean thorough the land of Berg, in the beginning of March. About this time Boninghausen, indeed, came towards them with 1500 men as fare as Wipperford, upon the river Wipper, but he did not yet march up to them.  
He being gone from about the Roer; some Hassians of Melanders men than lying in Hattingen, upon the same river, March 12/22 sally out upon some which he had left behind him: and slew 50 men, and gate Booty some 200 Horses. Now were 1500 fresh men, together with 2 great fire mortars, and 2 other pieces of Ordnance, sent from Cullen to the 4 Spanish Regiments: with which they after a while laid siege unto the town of Sieberg, on the River of Sieg not fare from the Rhine: against Boun, almost. March 19/29 betwixt 3 and 4 in the morning they strooke up the Alarm before the gates of Sieberg: but the Swedes within having notice of their coming, beat them off again. Other Swedes and Hassians also coming down upon them, which had made them to retire out of the Earldom of Waldeck: they were sane to put over the Rhine again, into the Bishopric of Cuilen.  
In this mean white was Marshal Kniphausen, at the siege of Hildesheim: but he leaves his command there, about the beginning of March, or end of February: and resigns his army: notwithstanding which, the siege is continued by Albert Vssler Lieutenant of the Horse, and by General Major Stolhansh: Colonel Gonig also, after a while, was sent with 3000 men to reinforce the siege of Hildesheim; and General Major Leslie as the report was, should succeed in the Felt-Marshals place unto Dodo Kniphausen. Some new Swedish, out of the Marck or land of Brandenburg, were about mid March, sent against Hildesheim: the Garrison whereof was so strong, that they were able to sally out still: Turn we now to the Hessians.  
Melander, being in Munsterland in the mean time, sends out the Ritmaster Motzpach with two troops of 150 Horse, to discover out some lose Companies of the enemies. He brought word home again, that Colonel Schwartzburger was at that time enquartered in the small City of Brackenfeld, with five troops of Horse, & 80 Musketeers. A short resolution was thereupon taken, to assault him; which was done so successfully about the 6 of March, that the Hassians slew one Lieutenant Colonel, one Captain Lieutenant, and some other Officers, with many horsemen and soldiers. Three cornets, and some prisoners were brought away, with about 300 horses. The Colonel himself, with the rest of his Officers and Horsemen fled, but the Hassians had not time enough to pursue them; contenting themselves to have thus ruinated so great a part of the Regiment. March the 7 went Melander towards the town of Werne, upon the river of Lip; where there lay some 60 horse and 200 foot of Boninghausens. Upon the Heath before the town did the Hassians draw out into battaglias; which the Boninghausens' perceiving, betook themselves to their heels and horses immediately, and forsook their garrison. After them, was the Count of Hanaw sent off, by Melander, who overtaking them the same night betwixt Herbaren and the City of Munster (whither they thought to have escaped) killed Captain Shenking, with many other Officers and common soldiers: He likewise brought away 70 prisoners, two Lieutenants, two Ancients, and a good booty.  
About the 10 or 12 of March did some 140 Companies of the States of the Low Country's soldiers, led by Pinsen, come up the Rhine, and landed betwixt Rhineberg and Orsoy; marching presently into Hammecken betwixt Wesel and Dinxlaken. This was close at the back of Melander; and gave great offence (says my Writer) at the Court of Cullen, that the States should give any assistance unto their enemies the Hassians, which were in the Bishopric of Munster.  
Melander after this, clearing some other towns about the river Lip, went and besieged Dulmen, a good strong town, about two leagues North of the river Lip, towards Munster City. This made all the Leaguers and Imperialists to look about them. Gelehn that was Governor of Munster, he makes towards it; and so does Boninghausen, and the four Spanish Regiments; all were said at Cullen, to be a going to the relief of Dulmen. Gelehn marched first of all into the Bishopric of Osnabrug, to stay for Paul Daub and Eremite with their forces; that so they might go the stronger against Melander. The Swedish Commissary General Erich Anderson, having now intelligence about the 13 of March, how that Gelehn was at that time in the little City of Melle in the Bishoprik of Osnabrug, with 800 Musketeers, and 400 Horse; and that the troops of the two other Colonels were enquartered in the villages next unto Melle; he went out himself with a good strong party to surprise some of them. He fell upon those that lay in the village called Rimsel; which he so surrounded, that but a few of them escaped: above ●30 men (but the most of them Boors) he had the slaughter of, and obtained 250 horses, with a good booty, Gelehn in the mean time marched away by a narrow passage; in which the Swedish were not able to hinder him, for that their foot forces could not get to it time enough. The Swedish Horse nevertheless, skirmished with him, though they could make nothing of it. Hence went Gelehn over the mountains towards Werendorff, two leagues to the East of Munster; whence he prepared to go to the relief of Dulmen. The four Celadish Regiments began also to march against Melander, March 22; after they had 10 days of provant bread sent them from the City of Cullen; the most of which they sold again for half the worth, pretending they had enough to do to carry their own weapons.  
Upon the 20 of March, about the town of Munster, the Hassian Colonel Merode, surprised the Quarters of the Imperial Colonel Eremite; of which he dispersed four Companies, and took three Cornets, with the most part of their horses. The same Letters that writ this from Hervorden, affirm withal, that they then (March 23) received it from all places, how that there had lately happened an encounter betwixt the Hassians and Imperialists about Munster, and that the Hassians obtained the victory, and had taken Colonel Osterholtz prisoner. But of this (say they) we expect the confirmation.  
Melander for all these petty victories, perceiving their whole strength to come upon him, was fain to raise his siege of Dulmen, towards the end of March, and to retire himself into the Bishopric of Reclinhusen, betwixt the Lip and the Roer, which had been his former Quarters. Hereupon they writ from Cullen, Apill 3/13, that Boninghausen had by that time taken in the towns of Paderborne and Rogen again: and that he was marched 16000 strong to the relief of Hildesheim. The same letters also affirm, that Melander, Stolhansh, and all the Hassian forces, were conjoined to go against him.  

Of the Duke of Newburg  And whereas something hath been before spoken concerning the Duke of Newburg, (a Prince Palatine by birth, whose house of residence is at Dusseldorp at this time; near unto the place of the wars now last spoken of) it shall not be from our matter to bring in him into the action. And this will also be the more pertinent, because of the late mention of these Hollanders, which landed about Rhineberck, and went to lie in Hammecken.  
This Duke of Newburg hoping to obtain Neutrality from the Swedish, was very secret in his proceed. It was by some supposed that he had accepted of the invitation of the Catholic Princes of the Germane League; who offered him to be Generalissimo of their forces. And that this title (upon confidence perhaps, he had in the Duke of Feria then coming into Germany) after he had solemnly accepted of, yet upon the thriving of the Swedes and Hassians above in Germany, (and especially, seeing that after the Duke of Feria and his Army were come to nothing, and that the strong and most important town of V denheim or Philipsburg in the Palatinate was taken; and the French marched up into Germany) upon all these considerations, 'tis believed, the Duke of Newburg fell off again from his Generalissimo-ship, and sent no soldiers along, either with the Culleners, or the 7 Spanish Regiments. He was afraid, withal, of the Hollanders: with whom he had Neutrality for his lands in the Dukedom of Cleve. And whereas he had suffered some of these new levied Spanish forces, to quarter in this his Country, he sent an Ambassador unto the States to excuse this, as no breach of the Neutrality; because though the Spanish nation be enemies to the Hollanders; yet were not these very Spanish forces, intended against them. The State's answer was said to be to this purpose: That they saw the Duke of Newburg was a good hospitable Prince: and therefore they will send him some guests too. Therefore ('tis said) that Pinsen went up to his Country, with forces: who had instructions from the Lords the States, to have an eye unto the Duke's levyes and motions. They also sent their Ambassadors to him, to disarm again: and to give over his levies. For notwithstanding his Neutrality, both with the Swedes and Hollanders; yet gave he out Patents for the levying of 12000 men: yea and imposed contributions upon his subjects, proportionable to the maintenance of those numbers. Yea he had already, in the beginning of February, made some Musters; and baked provant bread. Thus much also he put his subjects unto; that such as were not able to pay for others, must serve personally. The Lords the States thereupon, sent their 2 Ambassadors, (the Lord of Arnheim, and Ripperoda, as their names are written) about mid February, to advise him to disband his new forces; and those especially which he had levied upon Spanish pay. His answer was, That he did it to secure his Country against the Swedish: to which their reply was, That they would be his warrant for it. And whereas, all this notwithstanding, the Duke continued his levies: then did the States send up their Pinsent, in March following, both to have an eye to him; and to be near at hand with his land of Cleve; upon the least breach of the Neutrality, or aiding of their enemies. And this, (for the general) is the present estate of the Duke of Newburg: who arms, and yet does nothing: who would fain aid his fellow Catholics; pretends to fear the Swedes; does actually fear to offend the Hollanders: and therefore, (openly) dares not aid the Catholics.  

Of the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Director, Oxenstiern.  And now for the Lord Director Oxenstiern: Of whose preparations for the Diet of the Lower Circle of Saxony, first: and then for a more general Diet of the Evangeliacalls to be held at Frankford, afterwards: we have before said something in the title to this Chapter.  
This Circle of the Lower saxony, is one of the potentest, and most considerable, of all the Empire. The Princes, Cities, and States, of it, be most Lutherans▪ It contains, the two Archbishoprics of Bremen and Magdenburg: the five Bishoprics of Hildesheim, Lubeck, Swerin, Ratzenburg, and Schleswick. Of secular Princes, these be the chiefest. The King of Denmark, for these lands here, which be of the body of the Empire. The Dukes of Saxon-Lawenburg, of Brunswick, of Lunenburg, of Mecklenburg; and of Holstein; with the Counts of Roffayn and Delmenhorst. Of free Cities and Hanse towns, these five, Hamborow, Mulhausen, Northansen, Goslar, Rostock, and Gottingen: besides those of the Bishops and Dukes before mentioned. All these be States of the Circle; and of their Land-dayes or general Diets.  
That those of this Circle had before leagued together (excepting the town of Hamborow) and had raised a joint army for their own defence, which was commanded by the Duke of Lunenburg; the author of the Swedish Intelligencer hath told you in his second part. The Union, therefore, which the Lord Director now desired in this Diet, was not a strengthening of their own league only; but to bring them in to agree with the Crown of Sweden, and the Union of the 4 Circles; made last year in the Diet of Heilbrun: The place of the Diet, was Halberstat: and the day of the beginning, was january 27, February 6. These were said to be some of the first Propositions, to be consulted upon.  
1. In what manner the Circle might be brought about, to the Heilbrunish conclusions.  
2. How the Army might be raised for their own defence, in case of necessity, against the enemy.  
3. What recompense and thankes should be given to the Crown of Sweden.  
4. How there might be a straighter confederation made among the Protestant German Princes; so that they might be able best to defend themselves and secure one another.   

THE CONCLUSION and Articles agreed upon at Halberstat the 17/27 of February, 1634. betwixt the General Ambassador and Rixchancellour of the Crown of Sweden, Axel Oxenstiern, and the Protestant Princes, Peers, and Cities of the Circle of Lower Saxony.  
BEE it known, etc. Whereas the present Princes and States, and also the Counselors, Ambassadors, and Deputies of such as could not come themselves, of the Circle of Lower Saxony, being upon weighty and urgent reasons and motives, here assembled, have carefully and ripely considered, in what great danger, disorder, and extreme ruinous condition, this famous Circle hath been in for this longtime; and moreover, taken it into especial consideration, how their adversaries have in their-possession and power diverse chief, strong, and well fortified towns; and withal do still continue their great levies and preparations for war, both within and without this Circle, bending all their endeavours wholly to conquer this Circle▪ and to make the same the seat of war, thereby to hasten the undoubted oppression and ruin of all the Evangelicall States and Religion; Therefore they could not do otherwise, but to think and to resolve upon Christian, honest, excusable, and by all Laws, but especially by the Statutes and Constitutions of the Roman Empire, permitted and approved means, whereby the said States might recover what hitherto both against God and the humane Laws, hath been taken and with holden from them; and withal redress and deliver their poor oppressed and distressed subjects from the miseries and calamities which this great while they suffer: defend and maintain them from all wrong, unlawful force and power; and thus leave behind them to the posterity, a true testimony of the dutiful care they have for the glory of God, for the preservation of the true Religion, and of the liberty of their Country, and their own protection, and of their friends.  
1 And accordingly having in the name of God, well considered and maturely weighed the first, second, third, and fourth Article of the proposition, they have found it very necessary, to make before all things among themselves, the Princes and States of this Circle, a true, faithful, and unfeigned conjunction, confederation, and union of their Counsels, Minds, and Arms; And therefore as they are already bound together as united members of the said Circle, according to the Constitution of the Empire; so now by these presents they do conjoin and bind themselves together in the firmest sort, to stand and to keep faithful together, and none to forsake the other, but willingly to spend together their blood, goods, and lives; and withal patiently to undergo and suffer together, what prosperity and adversity the war usually doth afford.  
2 And calling to mind how the Circle of Upper Saxony (as their nearest neighbours) hath always kept a good correspondence with this Lower Circle, They do think fit with all possible speed to invite the same to the like straighter conjunction and union, not doubting, but the Elector, Princes, and States of the said Circle, will not dislike, but rather approve of this well intended care, and resolution; and as they hitherto (to their immortal honour) have done, so hereafter they will assist the Evangelicall affairs, advancing the same with an unanimous and constant counsel and assistance: and to the same end shall also the Evangelicall States of the Circle of Westphalia be invited.  
3 Whereas it cannot be denied, what the daily experience more than sufficiently doth witness, namely, that it doth much concern all the Evangelicks to join and frame by their good intelligence, love, and conjunction, one body together; and withal to direct all their intentions, counsels, actions, and affections, to one and the same end: Therefore the Princes and States of this Circle of Lower Saxony, have concluded to enter into a Christian, most just, and reasonable confederation, alliance, and conjunction with the four confederate Upper Circles, and withal with the renowned Crown of Sweden, and instead thereof, with the Chancellor and authorized Ambassador of the said Crown in Germany, the Lord Axel Oxenstiern, Baron, etc. And they intent to agree and conclude about the manner and conditions of the said conjunction, at the next intended meeting or assembly at Franckfort.  
Mean while, because the Catholic league and her adherents are not idle, but still labouring and endeavouring with their uttermost power, to go on in their warlike preparations, and to advance their bloody designs both within and without the Empire:  
4 Therefore it is agreed and concluded, to prevent and avoid the extreme danger which hangs (as it were) over our heads, and also to free and assure this Circle from further peril, that forthwith there shall be raised and brought together, the eighteen times double Roman army, amounting to the number expressed in the last Matricular book of the Circles: and to this effect, assignation, and order is to be given for the levying both of the Recrewhes and other Regiments, unto every member of this Circle: And concerning the money, it is also agreed, that there shall be paid monthly into the common treasure of the Circle, the contribution contained under the title of the twelve times double Roman army.  
5 In consideration whereof, all other subsidies and contributions, promised and agreed upon in former particular alliances or treaties, are to cease, all exemptions be taken away: and also all troops both of horse and foot, now enquartered in the Dominions of the Princes and States of this Circle, especially in the Earldoms of Hohn and Reinstein, are to be withdrawn without any exactions, except the foresaid assigned Regiments of the new intended army; Item the towns of Muhlhausen and Northausen are to remain in the liberties of the Circle, and be henceforth freed from the impositions laid upon them by the orders made at Erfort.  
6 The general direction of the said army, having been presented unto the Lord Rixchancellour: his Excellency both upon the earnest instance of these States, and out of the affection he bears to the Evangelic affairs, hath accepted thereof: and upon his advice, the most illustrious Prince, George Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, hath been named and appointed General; and the Right honourable john Banier Knight, Counsellor of the Crown of Sweden, Field marshal of the said army. Other particularities touching this matter are referred to the said assembly at Franckfort.  
7 And that in the mean time all things might the better speed, a reasonable equality observed, none more than his neighbour charged or troubled, and all mis-intelligence removed; there is presently established a Council of this Circle, carefully to observe, provide, and take order in all that shall be done, that it do tend and turn to the good of this Circle, and of the common cause: And particularly, that in all the marchings, pass, and enquartering of the forces, the fittest times and places be observed, all misbehaviours and unruliness avoided, and punished; all possible and equitable equality kept: And therefore no State or member of this Circle shall be bound hereafter to receive or give passage or quarter to any troops, without express order from the said Council of the Circle: and whensoever any such passing and enquattering shall be requisite, the States and members of the Circles shall then first be advertised by the said Council, the better and in good time to provide all necessary victuals and other things.  
8 Particularly it is found most necesary, that henceforth there be not suffered any superfluity of baggage, nor visctualers horses, the same being most prejudicious & cumbersome to the expedition and army, and most harmful by reason of the forage: and therefore the Council of the Circle is well to consider and resolve to reform and use the Lord Directors advice and help in the same.  
9 There are appointed certain towns for the Magasins, and the treasure or contributions; and withal there hath been made a consent and agreement by the States for the gathering of all needful and requisite provision of victuals, ammunition, and other things; wherein every one will not fail to do his duty: and for the receipt thereof there are now named a general Treasurer and other officers for the said corn, money, and munition.  
10 The Law of war, and whatsoever concerns the same, shall not serve against any amongst the confederates; but whatsoever shall be taken or gotten from the enemy at common expenses, and by general assistance, not belonging either properly or by reason of treaty or alliance unto some other State, and where other Evangelic States have no right nor interest in, the same shall be converted to the common good and use of the war.  
11 It is also agreed upon and concluded, whatsoever the Evangelic States of the neighbouring Circle of Westphalia, whether they be Cities, Towns, or Dominions, Castles, or houses of Noblemen, shall pay and be obliged to contribute unto this war, wholly intended for the common good, and for the deliverance and defence as well of the said Circle of Westphalia, as of the States of this Circle of Lower Saxen.  
12 Item, whatsoever shall be recovered and gotten, whether by way of contribution, conquest, or other advantage, from the enemy's countries; that the same shall be brought into the Treasury established for this Circle, whereby the same may be relieved: as also the quarters that shall be gotten from the enemies by our said army, shall ease and supply those of this Circle.  
13 Whereas unevitable necessity hath enforced this Circle to lay siege before the City of Hildesheim, and to block up both the strong town of Wolfenbuttel, and other places lying on the Weeser; therefore, according to the sessing and appointment made of the necessaries thereunto belonging, every Prince and State of this Circle is to pay his quo●● or portion with all expedition; and deliver or send without miss, the said imposition and assignation for the maintenance of the Regiments employed in the said siege, as long is it shall last.  
14 Forasmuch as it will be needful, and doth much concern the desirable general conjunction and alliance of all the Evangelic States (which is to be hoped and looked for at the said universal assembly at Franckfort) principally to think and conclude upon a conformity and equality. Therefore the States of this Circle of Low-Saxen do esteem it both behooveful and necessary, to commumunicate, advise, and conclude about all these most important and weighty matters, that the fittest resolution be taken in whatsoever shall be thought good to do, to change, to amend in, or to add to this conclusion.  
15 And because this arming is by our enemies enforced upon us, and only undertaken by us for our defence and safety, and especially for the recovering and reestablishing a Christian, honest, and assured general Peace in the holy Roman Empire: Therefore upon mature deliberation of the fift Article of the Proposition, the Princes, and States, and Deputies here assembled, have been very glad to understand, that his royal Majesty of Denmark, etc. doth intent to reassume and take again in hand, and go on in his former laudable interposition, and Treaty of Peace; and for the same reason, it is desired that both the present Princes and States, as also those that are absent (being advised by their Ambassadors and Deputies) do carefully consult and communicate their opinions together about the manner, means, and assurances, concerning the said desired Peace; that with the more hope and success they may thereof sufficiently open their minds unto and confer with the rest of the Evangelic Electors, Princes, States, at the said general assembly at Franckfort, whereby may appear both their great inclination to a good peace and quiet, and also their grateful affection towards the Crown of Sweden, for the great merits and deserts in Evangelick affairs.  
16 And forasmuch as the house of Holstein and the City of Lubeck have neither been invited, nor present by their Deputies at this assembly of this Circle; it is concluded that the conclusion thereof shall be dispatched unto them by the present Princes and States, who do not doubt, but that they also will not refuse to contribute, cooperate, and to pay their due portion (according to the Constituons) in this most dangerous condition and perilous state of this Circle.  
Lastly, the Princes and States of this Circle of Lower Saxen, do here unanimously attest and protest, that this their conclusion and resolution, taken by them upon urgent occasions and reasons, is not meant to offend or trouble in any wise any Evangelic Elector, Prince, or State; much less to prejudice or hinder any of them in their Sovereignty's, Principalities, Highness, Liberties, jurisdictions, Rights, or justices; and particularly, the holy Roman Empire, or the fundamental Laws, Rights, Constitutions, or other wholesome and laudable Conclusions and Orders of the said Empire or Circles, or the dignity and pre-eminence thereof.  
In witness whereof, the present Princes, States, and Ambassadors, and Deputies, and Counsellors of this Circle have signed and confirmed this Act with their own hands and seals. Given at Halberstat the 17 of February. 1634.  
The Diet being ended, with this good conclusion, namely to raise 22000 men, whereof it was said Lunenburg should be General, and Banier Feltmarshall, the Lord Director went from thence to Stendel, to meet with the Elector of Brandenburg, who went from his Court of Berlin on Thursday February 6/16 towards the same Stendel, to treat with the Director. This Elector likewise had already sent his Chancellor God's, with other Deputies, onwards to the future Diet of Frankfort on the Main. 'tis said that the Elector agreed very well to the Diet of Halberstat and the Lord Director. From thence went the Lord Director homewards towards Franckfort, treating by the way at Wittenberg, with the Elector of Saxony; whereupon Arnheim sent some Regiments to join with Duke Bernard. Thence went he to Erfort, and so to Franckfort; where he was pompously entertained, March 24: and on our Easter eve, the Diet took his beginning. There was the Landgrave of Hessen in person; with many other Princes.   

OF THE AFFAIRS IN Silesia, and of the Generalissimo (the Duke of Fridland) his death. CHAP. X.  
WHereas it will not be amiss (we hope) to bestow here some few leaves or lines on the lamentable death of him, who by the actions of his life hath oftentimes afforded us many a discourse. Therefore we will present unto you a short view, of what past a little before, at, and after, the murder committed on the person and friends of that great Imperial Generalissimo, the Duke of Friedland; as things coadherent to what we treat of.  
About such time as the Duke of Friedland pretended a peace with the Swedes and Princes of the Union, (whereof we have spoken in our fifth part) certain Letters written at Vienna in Austria Sept. the 13 were intercepted, by which not only the end of the Treaty of peace in Silesia, but other plots, and counsels of the Popish party were also clearly discovered. The tenor of which letters was as followeth;  
P. P. I have privately learned by some principal Officers, that as long as the chief commanders in Silesia and Saxony are Masters of the field, the Imperial army is secure from danger. For by our promises and late devised treaties of peace, we have already gained more than we could have done with 20000 soldiers, which putteth us in hope that the blessed Mother Mary, will both be present with us, and further us in our designs. For the forces of the Duke of Fridland, by these actions, are not only much increased, but the Heretics are also so troubled, and divided amongst themselves, that now they will scarce trust each other, but every man looking to his own private ends, gapeth after his own peculiar gain, his own particular pacification, like so many snarling Curs, snapping each at other. The Swedish government, beginneth to be so odious to the Heretics, that it is no question but like a ship without a Pilot, they will quickly split upon the Rocks, and lose themselves. The Elector of Saxen (as things now stand) will much promote the business. The King of Denmark will attempt the destruction of Swedland, and persuade the other Princes to his opinion. The most Christian King shall shortly be sent to his grave, and his brother advanced to the Kingdom. The Catholic King will give the Hollanders more than their hands full; his Plate-fleet returning yearly laden with treasure from the Indies, and the King of Denmark hath raised the Custom in the Sound, the Elve and Weser, to the great offence of the people, which yet he intendeth to continue, and by all means assist our party.  
Into the County of tyrol, and the Country of Swaben, the Duke of Feria joining with the Bavarians, shall first take the places near the Danube, and then break thorough the Dukedom of Wirtemberg into the Palatinate, to disperse the scattered handfuls of the enemy there, and deliver the Duke of Lorraine. The Duke of Fridland with one part of his Army shall invade Thuringia, Franconia and Hessen, with the other, passing the Oder, the Ell, and the straits of Upper and Lower Saxony, shutting up the passages after him, shall bring these parts to his subjection. It is almost incredible, how happily our counsels go forward, and with what earnestness, our Pensioners weary of the Swedes, prosecute their intentions. The heavens at last, will take away these troubles, better things will follow, that after the conquest of the Heretics, we may render thankes to all the Saints.  
N B. The Elector of Cullen, supported with the help of the Spaniards will not cease, till he have restored the whole Country of Westphalia, with the other Bishops into their former estate. This is our general peace, one Shepherd, one Sheepfold, and one Monarch.  
Thus much said those intercepted letters. But how the said last treaty betwixt the Duke of Fridland and Arnheim did proceed, and how on a sudden it broke off to the great confusion of the protestants in Silesia, that you have understood formerly, in the latter end of the fifth part of our Germane History; Where even as the unexpected breaking of that false treaty did almost break the neck of the protestant army and affairs: So the unlooked for taking of Ratisbone broke the neck of the Duke of Fridlands prosperous proceed in Pomerania and Silesia; for the advices that were brought of the loss of the said City, made Fridland to change his mind, and forced him to speed his march back again towards Bohemia and Austria, Where Duke Bernhard caused great fear. But the year being fare spent, snow and frost did freeze Fridlands further designs; Who having, by the sending of 4 Regiments into Passaw, assured that passage and country to the Emperor, retired himself to Pilsen; Where, instead to assault others, he was assaulted (and almost carried away) by the gout.  
Notwithstanding this sickness, was Friedland careful enough to give and receive dispatches, and to advance the Emperor's service. About the beginning of january last, the troops which he had left under Gallas and Shafgotz in Silesia, took the town of Wartenberg upon composition, but contrary to the same, they took and detained all the Swedish garrison prisoners there. Some few days after they also took by assault the town of Namslaw. But least the Swedes might be blamed of unthankfulness, in not requitting those new-yeeres-gifts, which the Imperialists in the said two places had bestowed on them: Therefore Colonel Transtorf, commanding the Swedish troops that lay in St. john and Sanda, sent some troops of Dragoons and other horse towards Zedlitz (about 3 leagues from thence) there to visit the enquartered Imperialists under Colonel Hesenburg. This Colonel being advertised of the Swedes coming, drew his troops together, and with some 4 companies came out or the town into the field, where meeting too soon with the said Swedes, he was in the beginning of the skirmish slain by a bullet, whereby the Swedes got the advantage, that they put the Imperialists to flight, and slew of them about 200. The like new-yeers-gift did the Swedish Garrisons of Oppeln and Brieg bestow on the Imperial troops that lay enquartered in the places near about them; Whereof in the space of 14 days by diverse visits they overthrew 14 companies. This befell betwixt the tenth and five and twentieth of january last.  
And about the very same time, Friedland, who hitherto had always played both the Fox and the Wolf, well to serve his Master, could not escape the trap, which envy and slander had laid for him at the Imperial Court.  
But because the causes of his disgrace and death, by several relations, are made as different, as divers are the affections of the relators: We therefore (without any partiality) will here impart unto you some of the one and the other party. The first taken out of Mercurius Gallobelgicus, lately come over, saith thus.  

Friedlands Story and death.  
THe Duke of Fried. hitherto with all care and faithfulness had both opposed the Swedes and to his power promoted the welfare of the house of Austria, yet could not avoid the informations, and accusations of some malicious persons, for some there were, 
The Duke of Friedland is suspectea of treason.  who charging him with suspicion of treason, as plotting the destruction of the Austrian family, not only persuaded, but also prevailed with Caesar to remove him from his office and to appoint another General; all which was to him discovered not unseasonably. Therefore having called his Colonels, and prime Officers together at Pilsen the 22 of jan. he shown them, that now he would relinquish his place of General, not concealing the reasons which moved him thereunto. But at the earned request of the Commanders, and Officers he altered his mind, adiourning the Abdication of his Office, until he got means to satisfy his soldiers, they again by writing assuring him, that they would still attend him with all faith and diligence, that they would omit nothing, which should be for the benefit and safety of himself and the army▪ that if need required, they would spend their blood and lives for him, and punish them as traitors, and perjured persons, which should forsake his party, and do otherwise.  
The relation of which proceed being brought to the Emperor by the adversaries of the Duke, 
The Emperor absolveth his soldiers from the oath of fealty to the Duke of Friedland  who left out no argument of exaggeration to make the thing more odious, He presently by a proclamation affixed to the Gates and sent to the principal Officers of the army, absolved the soldiers from the oath of fealty made to the Duke, and commanded them to yield their obedience to Mathias Gallas the Lieutenant▪ General, till there was another General ordained, under penalty of an heavy punishment to them, which should do otherwise, proclaiming also a pardon to all them which at Pilsen had obliged themselves to the Duke if they would return to his obedience, two only excepted, whom he had understood, to have been principal agents in this rebellion.  

A Proclamation against the D.  The former Proclamation against the Duke was seconded by another, the purport and effect whereof, was as followeth: That he doubted not but that it was sufficiently known to all the Colonels, Officers, and all the soldiers of what rank soever, to what honours and dignities he had advanced, what benefits he had done to the Duke of Fried. and contrariwise, what pernicious conspiracies the 12 of jan. the Duke had made against the house of Austria, persuading the principal Commanders of the army, to subscribe to the combination. But now since this confederation was of no effect, ipso jure, he by this present proclamation did nullify and annihilate it. And that whereas he certainly understood, that the Duke gaping after his Empire, and Kingdoms, did traitorously devise the destruction of him and his family, and strive to draw the Officer▪ of the army to his party, he was now resolved to cashier him of his Office, and did therefore will and command, that the whole army, should give their obedience, to Mathias Gallas, the Count Altringer, Ballhasar de Marradas, Francis Octavius Piccolomini, Rodolph Collorede, and their under Officers, and obey their commands.  
By this Proclamation thus published, the Duke easily perceived the danger which hung over his head; for avoiding whereof, he resolved to join with the evangelical party, and not only undertaketh a treaty with Francis Albert Duke of Saxon Lawenburg, the Saxon Field-marshal, but sendeth his Chancellor also to Christian marquis of Culmbach, who upon admittance spoke as followeth.  

The D. determineth to take part with the Evangelicall party.  Although the Duke of Fried. as it is evidently known to all men, neglecting his own profits and private occasions, only endeavoureth to settle a peace in Germany and to put a period to the late bloody wars, he hath now to his great grief understood, that (his faithful offices hitherto done, altogether unrespected) he is enviously accused, and with cunning calumniations traduced in the Emperor's Court, that his soldiers are enjoined no longer to be under his command, and that Gallas is deputed to his office and charge; who with his complices, labour to take the Duke prisoner, and bring him captive to Vienna;. Yet nevertheless he not desisting from his first determination of establishing a peace, would desire the marquis first to nominate the time, and place, when, and whither he himself might come with a small retinue, for conference, and afterwards if he would send any man to Egra, whither he knows, Arnheim and Duke Bernard would both come, he would further declare his intention, and then, when he had spoke with the marquis himself; he would give a meeting to the Chancellor of Sweden and the French Ambassador, with whom he would consult for what was to be done afterwards.  
A little time before Francis Albert Duke of Saxen Lawenburg, at Ratubon had informed Duke Bernard of Fridlands intention, desiring him without delay to post to Egra, Fridland himself also by his letters, and some Curriers, urging him to make haste thither with all his army But Duke Bernard not thinking it wisdom to believe him easily, who had formerly deluded others with fair pretences; though his forces were ready, yet still provided against all casualties, and made no expedition thither, until the unexpected murder of the Duke and his followers was openly known and divulged.  

The Duke of Fried. and some of his followers slain at Egra.  For when the Duke of Fridland Febr▪ 14, with the Camp marshal Illow, the Counts Tersky, and Kinsky, Butler a Colonel, Newman a Captain of horse, and other officers, guarded with 5 troops of horse, and 200 foot, were come from Pilsen to Egra, john, Gordon Lieutenant to Count Tersky, than Governor there, and Walter Lesley Captain of the Court of Guard, both Scots, and Butler, who was afterwards of their combination conspired to murder them, because they understood they would turn to the Evangelicall party, which they thus effected, Febr. 15. The conspirators invited Illow the Fieldmarshall, the two Counts Tersky and Kinsky Newman Captain of horse, and 3 other officers to supper in the Castle, who suspecting no evil came accordingly. But supper being done, at the time appointed by the conspirators, betwixt nine and ten of the clock, the number of the Guard, both in the Castle and Market place was augmented with a new supply, and the upper gate of the Castle being opened (no man observing it) there entered suddenly a company of Irish Muskeriers, Dragoons, which served under Butler, who presently enter into the chamber where the guests were still suspecting nothing, and with their swords drawn, cry out, Who is for Caesar, who? Gordon, Butler, and Lesley return this acclamation for an answer, Long live Ferdinand, long live Ferd. and drawing their swords, stand aside. This done, the Irish fall upon the two Counts, Tersky and Kinsky, Illow, Newman, and the rest, so impetuously, that Illow & Kinsky were instantly slain: Tersky who was reputed to be fortified by enchantment, as careful of his safety, flieth into another room, but there was shot, and died; Newman deadly wounded, crawled into a Storehouse, and there fell down dead. The attendants of the slain were purposely carried to another room under colour of supper, which made this massacre the more easy for the conspirators, of whom Gordon and Butler were chief.  
When these murders were done in the Castle, Gordon had charge of the Castle, and Lesley of the Court of Guard. But Butler with the Captain of his Musketeers, and twelve Harquebushers, and many other which followed him, set upon the Duke's lodging, where breaking up the gates, and wounding the Cupbearer in the shoulder, as he was bringing his Lord a Bowl of Beer, the Captain with his partisan runs the Duke through standing in his shirt at the table, who not speaking one word, fell down and gave up the ghost. Thence the Duke's corpse was carried into the Castle, and they which were slain, were given to be pillaged by the soldiers, who left them not so much as a rag besides their shirts. A wonderful tempest without ceasing, lasted all the time of the massacre, the very firmament (it seemed) detesting such execrable villainies.  
And yet this Butchery was not intended to be done at Egra only, but at Prague also many of the principal Officers who adhered to the party of Fridland, were slain, and many captivated. Then Piccolomineus having gotten into Pilsen by a wile, having slain the Captain of the Garrison, because he favoured the Duke of Fridland, took in the town, and subjected it to Caesar.  
Thus much relates Mercurius of this matter: now we will give you what soon after this execution was published thereof at Brussels, whereof the title is:  The later, truer, and more particular report of what passed from the 14 of Febru. until the end of that month, concerning the rebellious & traitorous Albert of Walstein, late Duke of Fridland etc.  

FREIDLANDS STORY AND DEATH.  
IN the year 1634. in the month of February, Fridland being at Pilsen, sent order to all the Imperial Forces to be present on the 22 of that month with Arms and Baggage on the White hill near to the City of Prague, and there he intended to make them to take an oath, and swear to acknowledge none but him, & afterwards to make his entry into Prague, and be crowned King of Bohemia, and whilst he should be busied in making this assembly of forces, and his rendezvous, the enemy should enter into the Kingdom of Bohemia, there to join with him, and effect his designs. And believing that the said soldiers were already at the appointed place, to wit, on the White Hill, he sent the Count of Tertzki his brother in law from Pilsen, to prepare all necessaries; take possession of the said City of Prague, & to take the charge over the Garrison, which consisted of two Regiments of infantry: Tertzki being arrived three leagues near the town, understood the Emperor's soldiers had order not to suffer any to enter, nor to receive any body, or command from Freidland, and that they had already sworn to his Imperial Majesty; for which cause he returned towards Pilsen, and advertised Freidland thereof, who answered him: Our designs are discovered, since neither Gallas, Altringer, nor Piccolomini come, and that the Regiment of Deodati marcheth towards Budweis. And therefore he commanded those Regiments which were about Pilsen, & on the borders of the enemy, to wit, the Regiment (of a thousand dragons) of Colonel Butler an Irish man, the Regiment of Cavalry, of the Count of Tertzki of 600 horse, and the Regiment of jules Henry of Saxen, 600. horse more, leaving the said Duke's Regiment of infantry in the said City of Pilsen; and caused the Lieutenant Colonel to swear that he would never deliver the place without his order, and that the Artillery consisting of 70 Pieces, with all the ammunition, should be ready to march whither, and when it should be commanded. And in case the Imperialists should come and besiege the said Town of Pilsen, that he should set the ammunition on fire, and nail the Ordnance, and then render themselves upon composition. Thus Freidland took his journey towards Egra, with the aforesaid Regiments, where his two best Regiments of foot did expect him; the one of the said Tertzki, whose Lieutenant Colonel Gordon a Scotchman, was lodged in the said town; the other of Colonel Preiner, without the town.  
Mean while Colonel Butler considering apart with himself how he might do a worthy service (with the Officers of his Irish Nation, on whom he most trusted) both to God, to the Emperor, and to the house of Austria and a public good to all Christendom, to take the said Fridland prisoner, and so to send him to his Imperial Majesty: on the other side considering the great difficulty of such an attempt, because he trusted no other Nations, he did delay his enterprise until he came to Egra, where he imparted the business to the said Gordon, Governor of that Town, who was his great friend; as likewise gordon's Sergeant Major named Walter Lesley, foreseeing all the peril which threatened them, for as much as Fridland himself had formerly informed them, that the King of Hungary would go into the field against the Emperor his Father's will, with intention to take the chiefest forces of the Army; and that therefore he was resolved to assist the Emperor; that he had yet ready money enough to levy 30000 men; and likewise that he expected the enemy, for his succours, praying them to remain with him, and that he would largely recompense them, showing them thereupon a letter of Frances Albert Duke of Saxen. They having heard him thus discover his treason, secretly met together and joining with them the Sergeant Major of the said Butler named Robert Giraldine, an Irishman, and these Captains Walter d' Ebrox, Dionysius Macdaniel, Edmund Bierk, and Captain john Braun, who had order to keep and watch the streets, and let none go out of doors, whilst they made the premeditated execution, having first sworn to one another, to perform it or to dye, choosing amongst them a Sergeant Major and two Captains; to wit, the said Captain Robert Geraldin, with order to go with a certain number of Irish soldiers, to the house of Illo, and Captain Dionysio Mac-daniel with twenty Irish men towards Fridlands; Captained d' Ebrox with other twenty Irish soldiers, to Tertzki's and Kinsky's lodging, who were lodged together, not trusting any other Nation, nor the soldiers of the Garrison. Afterwards considering that so many separations might occasion some uproar or tumult in the City, they deliberated to invite to supper into the Castle these four, Tertzky, Kinsky, Illo, & Tertzki his Captain of the Guard, who heretofore had been Secretary and Chancellor to Fridland, named Newman. And as indeed they were invited by Sergeant Major Lesly in the name of Coll. Butler, and of Lieutenant Colonel Gordon, so they all came in a Coach, and being at Table at the dessert, those three Captains entered, who had undertaken that execution, causing the said Irish soldiers to come also in, two and two, three and three, and in greater number together, till they came to the number of forty, as well Officers, as soldiers, and amongst them was one Spaniard, passing through the Guard of the Germane soldiers, who was at the Castle gate, trusting the Dutch Lieutenant would let them enter without contradiction, who notwithstanding knew not to what end they came, because they had all their Arms and Muskets hid. Some amongst them went to keep the second gate, and others in diverse places to make themselves masters of the Castle, if there should arise any noise or tumult at the first gate. Sergeant Major Geraldine took eight soldiers, Captain d' Ebrox 12, and Dionysio twenty to keep the said first gate (if it should be need) and presently to kill the first that would go forth. Then the said Sergeant Major entered with his men at the one door (for there were two doors to go into the great room) and likewise Captain d' Ebrox came with his twelve soldiers into the other; When the said Sergeant Major standing with his men under his door, said, Live Ferdinand; and the said Captain answered, And the whole house of Austria: whereat they at table being troubled, arose and went to take their swords, but Butler and the others who supped with them did kill Kinsky and Newman; and Illo thinking to defend himself, was also presently slain. Tertzky fled towards the door, where he met Captain Dionysio with his men, of whom craving quarter, the Captain asked him the word, and he answered Fridlands watchword, which was, S. james: To which the Captain replying, that for the present that word availed nothing, but only that of Austria, whereupon he with his men environed & killed him. Some servants of the dead men would have defended their Masters, and came with naked swords and hurt two soldiers, but two of the said servants were presently killed; whereupon all was appeased in the Castle.  
After this execution finished, Sergeant Major Lesley went towards the gate of the city to let in 100 dragons, with two Irish Captains, and a Scotch one, whom he trusted, to keep the streets, & not to suffer any soldier or Burger to go out of their houses: That being done he went towards the Guard on the Market place, and there gave order that they should not move out of their places, although they heard some noise, and he remained with them, keeping watch, being of the same Regiment, until Fridlands execution was finished, who was not lodged in the said Castle. To his execution went Colonel Butler, Sergeant Major Geraldino, Captain Debrox, and Captain Dionisio. Lieutenant Coll Gordon, keeping watch in the Castle, until they returned from the execution. And going towards Fridlands house they heard a great noise of the cries and lamentasions of Tertzky & Kinsky their Ladies, who had already understood the cause of their grief from a Page. Which the said Colonel hearing, presently commanded the Captains to hasten and finish the service of his Imperial Majesty, and divided them; appointing Captain Dionysius to go to the Market place to Sergeant Major Lesley, and to cause him in the Colonels name to command the rest of the dragons to go watch and guard the streets, for it was time; and to bid Captain Debrox to go to Fridlands quarter, who was up and at the window, hearing the cries & lamentations of the said two women: and because the house had diverse doors, Colonel Butler commanded Giraldine to place about it Guards of his Nation, that no body should get out. The said captain Debrox going up, the Colonel stayed below, and captain Dionysio returning from the market, was by Colonel Butler presently commanded to go up to assist at Fridlands execution, and take heed that he did not escape, because the chamber had two doors. Being gone up, he found both the chamber open, and that captain Debrox had already fulfilled the execution, having heard the body of the Traitor Fridland fall to the ground with a great noise, who had been killed with a Partisan, in this manner. When Debrox went up he found two servants of his chamber, whereof the one asked him what he would have? saying further, that his Highness rested, and that they must not make a noise: whom a soldier presently thrust thorough, which caused all the other servants to fly away, leaving his Highness all alone. The said Captain advancing to the door of the chamber, which was locked, with his foot quickly opened it, and found Fridland right against the door in his shirt; to whom he said, Thou Traitor to the Emperor, now thou must dye: to which he answered nothing, and was thrust thorough with a broad and two edged Partisan; and as he was falling an Irish soldier, as tall as a Giant, named Nielcarf, embraced the body, to cast it down out of the window, but the Captains who were present, would not consent thereto, but having wrapped it up in a Table Carpet, caused it to be brought down and laid into a Cart, and carried to the Castle. Afterwards the Colonel went to the Chancery, where he seized upon all the Papers, leading a good Guard there; as likewise in Illo's lodging, and in the Fridlands Chamberlains lodging, (the Baron of Shaffenberg, brother to him that is prisoner at Vienna.) At last they all retired, after this execution, into the Castle again, where Lieutenant Colonel Gordon was with his Guard: And to them came also Sergeant Major Lesley, who during Fridlands execution, kept watch in the Market place. This was done on Saturday the 25 of February this present year, 1634.  
The next day being Shrove-Sunday, the gates of the Town of Egra remained locked up, not any one being suffered to go out; and the aforesaid Officers held counsel what would be most convenient to be done, because they trusted not the soldiers of the Garrison, nor the Burghers: at last they resolved to bring in one hundred Musquetiers more, with the Officers of Colonel Preiner's Regiment, who stayed all the said day in Arms, with bullets in their mouths, and burning matches.  
The 27 of February (being Monday) Colonel Butler, accompanied by some others, went out of the Town, and conferred with the Officers of the Count of Tertzki his horse Regiment, telling them what was past, & ask them whether they would be faithful soldiers to his Imp: Majesty: who answered unanimously, that they would live and dye in his service. That being done, he went with fifty horse, as well of his own, as of the said Regiment, to descry somewhat of the enemy about Egra, on the Frontiers, but he returned the same day, without learning any thing.  
The 28 and last of February went out a troop of Dragons, and of Cavalry, with a Lieutenant, to hear news of Duke Frances Albert of Saxen, or some other enemy: and having met with the said Duke, a League from Egra, with his train of servants and two Trumpets, thinking to come (as he had done formerly) with all assurance to Fridland his great friend, of whose death he knew as yet nothing. The said Lieutenant asked him by the way, What would you say, sir, if Butler should sent you prisoner to the Emperor? Whereat he did but laugh being ignorant of the business, but they seizing on his person, visited his Coach, searching for papers, where they found some, with letters of importance, which they delivered to the said Colonel Butler. And the said Duke seeing them remove▪ his baggag told them, they should at least leave him some linen to change himlelfe. After this visit was done they brought him to Egra, and put him into the hands of the said Butler, who had already sent with letters to his Imperial Majesty Captain Dionysio, particularly advising him of the execution performed on the persons of Fridland, and his Complices; but seeing that they had brought him the said Prisoner, He sent to recall the said Captain Dionysio▪ (who was not gone very far off) that he might jointly carry news to his said Imperial Majesty of the taking of the person of the said Duke Frances Albert of Saxen, field Martial General of the Army of the Prince Elector of Saxen, who plotted the Treason with the said Fridland. Captain Dionysio being come, Colonel Butler who was at table with the Prisoner Duke said, You may tell his Imperial Majesty, that we have here the bird in the Cage, that you likewise have seen him with your eyes, that for fear of delay I did not write of that particular, and that I send him the letters which you have.  

The names of the Persons who have been Conductors and Actors in this execution.  
Colonel Butler.  
Lieutenant Collenel Gordon, Governor of Egra.  
Sergeant Major Walther Lesley.  
Sergeant Major Robert Geraldino.  
Captain Walther Debrox, who killed with his hand Fridland.  
Captain Dionysio Macdoniel.  
Captain Edmund Bierke.  
Captain John Braun.   

Names of them that were killed.  
Fridland.  
Tertzki.  
Kinsky.  
Illo.  
Newman.  
Two of the Colonels servants.  
One of Fridlands servants.   
Thus having given you a double relation of that renowned Generalissimo the Duke of Fridlands death, we leave him and pass over to those with whom he was said to have too familiarly treated.    

CHAP. XI. ❧ Of the Elector of Saxony and Arnheim.  
Saxonies' constancy to the Protestants.  
ABout November 16.26. doth the Elector send his Lieutenant General Arnheim out of Misnia, towards Frankford on the Order, in the edges of Silesia and Brandenburg; which Wallstein had lately recovered.  
Thereabouts doth Arnheim defeat 300. Horse, and blocks up the City.  
November 15. doth Buckersdorff, who is general for the Elector of Brandenburg, recover Coppenick in Brandenburg-land. The Counts of Tertzki, and of Mansfeld, are within Frankford on the Oder; a company of whose, being now abroad, are defeated by the Saxish Colonel Forchawer, with 50. of his Horsemen. Arnheim now had 11. Regiments of Horse, and 9 of Foot, with him; but nothing near complete ones. November 22, old style, he comes in sight of Frankford; and about the 26. he began to besiege it: To help forward which, he had 16. Canons sent him from Custrine, by the Elector of Brandenburg.  
Duke William of Saxon-Weymar, came likewise with some forces to help Arnheim; About November 31. the Brandenburgish supplies being at hand too. Moreover there were 3000. new Swedes arrived at Wolgast in Pomerland, which came out of Prussia; 3500. more, being then at Piritz in the said Pomerania. Arnheim sending half of his Army to take in the strong City of Landsburg, towards Polonia, with the rest, intends the siege of Frankford. He sets up 1000 burning marches upon sticks in the night season: Which the besieged taking for men, shot all night at. In the mean time, Arnheim on another side, casts up two Batteries; Summoned the Town the next day; and is refused: Thereupon he passeth the Oder with two regiments of Horse, to the Towne-bridge, which he hoped to master: But the Imperialists sallying out, put him to the repulse. He perceiving the Garrison to be very strong, and the frost so hard, that his people could not work the earth for Trenches or Approaches: He was fain to raise his siege upon the 10 th'. of December.  
Those that were sent against Landsburg, did only beat a convoy going into the Town: And perceiving the same inconveniences which Arnheim did, they could not besiege it. Arnheim hereupon, goes to the Elector of Brandenburg, to get order for Winter quarters for the Army, intending after the frost, to go against Frankford the second time.  
About Christmas, part of Arnheims' Army went homewards towards Dresden, The rest being quartered in the Towns of Brandenburg.  
In the end of December, doth General Maior Lesle send Colonel Crakew out of Berlin with 500 Horse, and 2. Foot Regiments; who cut in pieces 10. foot Companies, and one Cornet of Imperialists, coming from Landssperg towards Frankford, and took all their Ensigns from them.  
And now doth the Elector of Brandenburg, and the two Dukes of Mecklenburg, begin to make new levies; being sure of the Elector of Sazonies' constancy.  
The General Bannier likewise, hath a great strength of Swedish in the lands of Pomerland and Mecklenburg.  
Arnheims' Army being now in the Winter-quarters, part in their own Countries, and part in mark of Brandenburg; Arnheims' self goes also home to Dresden: For thither unto his master the Elector of Saxony, had the Emperor now sent about the propositions of a peace. These having some time been consulted of at Dresden: Arnheim goes to Berlin, the Elector of Brandenburgs' Court, with them, and his master's resolution: Where he arrived january 29. and was lodged in the Palace, The speech than went at Berlin, how that Arnheim would deliver up his charge, and return with his forces yet left in those parts, unto Misnia.  
There was a resolution now it seems, that the Elector of Brandenburg should go to the City of Brandenburg, and Arnheim with him; whilst the Elector was to go to Stendel to the Lord Director Oxenstiern. And he, it appears, by hastening or the resolution of the diet of the lower Saxony, more than half spoilt the two Electors, further listening to a peace oF treaty: Notwithstanding the Duke julius of Saxon Lawenburg, had frequent excess to his Cousin of Saxony, with new propositions from the Emperor.  
In this mean time (that is, about january 22.) did there more Imperial forces thrust themselves into Frankford on the Oder: Yea 600. Crabats more, arrived at the Neighbour little City of Cotbus, which like Crabats indeed, disturbed all the Country with their pillages.  
There was believed to be some wants in Frankford on the Oder; but their long keeping of the place, shown it to be otherwise. In the beginning of February, those Swedish forces which at present were in the Dukedom of Pomer-land, under General Banniers Charge, part of which were but lately come over out of Sweden, begun to move: A list also was given out of their numbers; And of the several places they were to be distributed into, for their Winter Quarters,  

A List of the Forces that came out of Pomerania, in 60. Companies strong, and shall be enquartered in these countries'.  
IN the Earldom of Querfurt, two Companies.  
In the upper and lower Diocese, three Companies.  
In the Principality of Seaburg, three Companies of Findlanders.  
In the Principality of Gruppenhagen, eight Companies of West Goths.  
In the City of Brunswick, four Companies of Axlandes.  
In Eysfield, two Companies.  
In Northausen, two companies of Suddermanlanders.  
In the Dukedom of Weymar six Companies.  
In the Dukedom of Altemburg, two Companies of Wallds.  
In Eysenach, Gotha, and the Earldom of Hohenstein, some Companies of Plestners.  
In the upper and lower Earldom of Schwartzburg, five Companies.   
They now also write from Leipsich, that the whole Saxon army was now again, February 8, enquartred about the Marcks of Brandenburg; but they stayed not long there: By this time was the Colonel Bem (and du Verge with him) tried by a Martial Court at Setin in Pomerland, where it was believed they would hardly get off with their lives; for having surrendered up Landsberg last year unto the Wallsteiners, before there was necessity.  
By mid February, are the Saxon forces recalled out of the land of Brandenburg; and the Wars in those parts, against Frankford and Landsberg, were to be pursued by Lieutenant General Banniers, and Sergeant Maior General lesly.  
And now (as they writ from Berlin) do the Swedish forces, together with the Pomerish, and the Mecklenburgish trained bands march strongly against Landsburg; this is much stronger than Frankford; although there were said to be but 300. men in it, and 1700. in Frankford on the Oder.  
In the end of February were 8. Field-pieces which stood in the Castle of Berlin, and belonged to the Elector of Saxony, sent homewards towards Misnia, together with the rest of the Saxon Forces; so that Arnheim had now no more to do in the land of Brandenburg.  
After Wallsteins' murder, the Emperor hath better hopes of making peace (or of doing himself good with the show of it) with the Elector of Saxony: About the 13 th'. of March, therefore comes Duke Frances julius of Saxon Lawenburg, from Vienna unto Dresden.  
For all this treaty of peace, the Wars went forward in the mean time.  
On Saturday, March 8.18. a Partee of the Elector of Saxonies own life regiment, fell into Bohemia, out of which they returned the Wednesday after. They had killed 70. Imperialists there, and brought away a booty of 500 head of Cattles: And still (say these Letters of Dresden) do our levies go on very strongly. For by this time were the Ambassadors as the lower Circle of Saxony, arrived at Dresden, with the resolutions of the Diet at Halberstat: They passed through Leipsich March 6.16. and there coming was seasonable enough, to prepossess the Elector of Saxony against the Spanish Ambassador Paradies, who was to come to him from Vienna; for whose admission (it appears) Duke Francis julius of Lavenburg had made way for; And now the talk of Peace began to be something turned: The noise now was of Arnheims' preparing to send 7. or eight Regiments to Duke Bernard Weymar, and of his own personal going to speak with him.  
They writ from Berlin at this time, that 12000. new Swedes and Finlanders were now arrived in the Dukedoms of Mecklinburg and Pomerland, and that more were expected daily.  
The news of this, too, would something drown the whisperings of the peace treaties.  
Add to this that the Elector of Brandenburg now made some great preparations to go himself into the field: The town of Landsberg was by this time so straightened, that by the 10. of March it began to hearken to a Treaty: But it appears that then it came to nothing, it held out so long after; and whereas there was a convoy of Men and Victuals, now a coming to the relief thereof; it was beaten by Lieutenant Colonel Vorhawer, about March, 13.23. who took 40. of the Convoy Prisoners, and obtained much provisions: About this time do 8. Companies of fresh Soldiers put themselves into Frankford on the Oder; whom the Country supposed to be of the factious of the Wallsteiners, for that they attempted nothing by their sallies against the Country people: But now was this Town resolved upon to be blocked up too: 800. Swedes which then lay on the other side of Spandaw, were to be employed against it. To whom were 12. Companies of the Brandenburg new levied Foreste to be conjoined.  
Of the Saxon forces some were now sending towards Egra in Bohemia, where Wallstein had been murdered: And othersome were marching towards Duke Bernard.  
Those within Frankford now build Forts and works in the Vineyards; and against Landsberg, is Verhawer employed to block it up, near Liar, which till this time had not been done, but only by watching it with parties: For this service were the Ordnance and Ammunition shipped up the River Oder, General Bannier, about mid March sends Colonel King with 3. regiments, to hasten on the siege of Hildesheim in the land of Brunswick, after that Kniphausen had given over his charge there; these were some of those Swedes, that were come as fare as Spandaw, and were to go for Landsberg or Frankford, but they turn the other way in all haste, being accompanied with those Horsemen that lay in Brandenburg, Britzen, Bolitz, and Sarmond.  
Upon the Tuesday March 11.21. some of the Swedish then lying in Pomer-land, set forward towards Landsburg: Marching first to Stargard and Arnswald, where the Earl Casper of Eberstein, with Colonel Proke, than kept their Rendezvous; within a day or two, did the General Maior Lesle follow them to carried a strong Bridge of Cables and Shippe-reapes along with him, he was to besiege Landsberg; which town if it could be taken, Frankford could not long hold out, and then should the Swedish of all those parts of Brandenburg-land, go into Silesia.  
Of the Saxon business, they writ from Dresden; That Arnheim bade spoken with Duke Bernard; and before the end of March, was returned again to Dresden: That there were 12000. Saxon forces (all strong and lusty bodies) there inquartered about Leispsich, and those places of Misnia; and that all the Saxon forces, were to keep their general Rendezvous at Targau, upon the 10 th'. of April, (of which they reported) that some should go to Duke Bernard, some be sent towards Lusatia, and others stay upon the frontiers for the safeguard of the Country.  
At Dresden, they daily consulted concerning the going on of the Wars: Where they made ready great store of Granades.  
A 1000 Horse, with 3000. Musquitires, were in the end of March, sent towards Chemnitz, who as it was thought should also go to take in Bautzen▪ in Alsatia.  
They writ out of the Country likewise, that the Imperial Ambassador, Duke Francis julius of Lawenburg, received but a slight answer, concerning his hopes in peace making.  
In Brandenburg-land, towards this end of March: these were the Actions. About the twentieth of the Month, did young Colonel Buckersdorff, surprise 200. Imperialistes, in the little City of Seklen, whom he put unto the sword. In another Markett Town, the same day, he surprised Colonel Wins, taking 700. horses from him, and put the Soldiers to the sword. Wins himself escaped narrowly. And thus in one day, did young Buckersdorff make prize of about 300. horses.  
By this time, were the Swedish gotten so near to the walls of Landsberg, that the besieged offered to come to an agreement; But whereas they desired 4. days Cessation of Arms upon it, the respite was denied them.  
Where upon, after an hour and halves parlance, the besieged, began again to discharge their Ordnance; but the besigers were gotten so near them, that their great shot could do them little injury.  
And thus they writ out of the neighbour Country, of Newmarke.  
March 23. or April the 2, new style. and again April 7.17. It is certain, that Landsberg, is taken by the general Major Lesle, to whom the Ditector hath given command over Kniphausens' Army: but he will not take it upon him till he hath first spoken with the said Rix Chancellor, to know in what case the Army standeth.  
The Swedes are now going against Frankford on he Oder: And as soon as that is taken, all the Swedish shall march into Silesia.   
FINIS.