THE GERMANE HISTORY CONTINUED. THE SEVENTH PART. Wherein is contained the principal passages of the last Summer. Methodically digested into times, places, and actions, and brought down to this present. With the siege and taking of Regenspurg, as also the Siege and Battle of Norlingen, with an exact Map thereof. Lastly is added certain Misselanies of Stories of most parts of Christendom. All which is done not by the former, but another Author.  
Quid suecus vel Cimber agit vis forte videre  
I, fuge sed poteris doctier esse domi.  
LONDON: Printed for Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne. 1634.   

To the Reader.  
He that shall adventure to set forth a Story, is as sure to meet with scoffs, as a soldier is with knocks. The best Historians hath not scaped uncensured: Livy, so much commended by Quintilian, was condemned by one of too much verbosity: by another of affected Patavinity: I am ready to undergo the common fate, armed against ill Language, with that innocency which accompanieth Truth, and my desire of communicating, that Intelligence, (which at first was private) to the public benefit: He that engrosseth all to himself, may think himself wise, but will scarce prove himself honest▪ and they which censure the labours of them, who intent a common good, give evidence against themselves of a snarling Cynicisme, not Scholastical ingenuity. I dare boldly say, I have delivered truth unpartially; and although collected with much labour out of scattered papers, yet it is set down so methodically, that a mean capacity, may run along with the History; apprehend by Jmagination, what was done by Action: I wish it may in the reading work as well upon the generous English spirits, as Xenophons' Cyropaedia upon the African Scipio, that all may be inflamed with a desire of honourable actions, and able to undergo the charge of Commanders, if thereunto required, by their King and Country: so he wisheth who hath exposed himself to your censure, and this work for your information.  
N.C.   

The Contents of the whole Book.  

Chapter 1. The Actions of the King of Hungary, General of the Imperial Army; and the opposition made against him by the Duke Bernhard Weymar, Gustavus Horn, and Otho the Rhinegrave, principal Commanders for the Princes and Swedes.  
Chap. 2. Duke Bernhard Weymar, Gustavus Horn, and Otho the Rhinegrave.  
Chap. 3. The Actions of the King of Hungary, and Duke of Bavaria, in Franconia, and Bavaria, with the proceed of Duke Bernhard Weymar, and Gustavus Horn, two principal Commanders for the Princes of the Union there; or a relation of what hath been done on both sides since july the 20.  
Chap. 4. The continuance of the King of Hungaries' Story, wherein you have the several Relations of the siege and battle of Nordlingen.  
Chap. 5. The Actions of Otho Lodowicke the Rhinegrave.  
Chap. 6. The Actions of the Landtgrave of Hessen, and the Duke of Lunenburgh, in Westfalia, Paderborne, and Brunswickland, and elsewhere.  
Chap. 7. Further Actions of proceeding of the Landtgrave of Hessen, and the Duke of Lunenburgh.  
Chap. 8. The Actions of the Electors of Saxony, and Brandenburg.  
Chap. 9 Saxon and brandenburgh's proceed continued.  
Chap. 10. Further proceed of the Dukes of Saxony and Brandenburg. Certain Missellany Relations. The great Deluge in Holsatia.  
Chap. 11. The Actions of France, Italy, Spain, and the Low-Countries.  
Chap. 12. The magnificent interment of the King of Sweden.  
Chap. 13. Certain passages of Russia, Poland, and Turkey.  
Chap. 14. The siege of La Motta in Lorraine.  
Chap. 15. The return of Monsieur into France, Paris the 12. of Octob. 1634.  
Chap. 16. An Edict of the French King concerning the Duke of Lorraine.    

In the Misselanies, fol. 32. for Persia, read Prussia.   

 depiction of the military camp near Nordlingen 
A true Delineation of the Swedish and Imperial Camp near Nordlingen and in what this City was 〈…〉  
AFter that the King of Hungary after the taking of the Imperial City of Regenspurg, had likewise brought under his power, the City of Donawerth, and other places thereabout, He thereupon took a resolution to march into the Country of Wirttenberg, and to refresh there again his half starved Army. And that the easier he might perform it, he marched first of all directly against the City of Nordlingen, and begun to assault the said Town in a hostile manner. But Duke Bernhard of Weymar, and the Field Martial Horn having few days before conjoined their forces, perceived betimes the King of Hungary his intent; wherefore all their care was, how they might hinder and divert it. To which end they marched the 9.19. day of August, at Leypheimb over the Danubie, & from thence they marched towards Giengen, Heydenhem, Aalen and Bopffingen: where they, after that they had afore cut off and put to the sword about 1000 of the Imperialists, and some 100 taken prisoners, pitched their Camp upon a Hil near a Forest over against the Imperial camp to expect there the Rhinegravish, Wirtenbergish Franconian and D. William of Saxon Weymar his forces, which were commanded to join with them, and then if occasion would serve, to give battle unto the enemy. But that in the mean time the City of Nordlingen might not be mastered by the enemy, Duke Bernhard of Weymar, and the Feeld-Marshall Horn resolved to strengthen the Garrison in the town with more forces, and to impart to the City their intention. For the effecting of this, and if possibly occasion would serve to give battle unto the enemy; being by the prisoners certified, that the enemy was much dispersed, and had sent many troops abroad, they the 14.24. of this month, put their forces in battle array, and perceiving the enemy to lay over a passage near a little River that flows through the City of Nordlingen, and down from the Hill they could not well discern, how the passage was, Duke Bernhard with the right wing advanced till unto the passage, and all the Imperialists which he found on this side, He chased over the River, and thereupon made a stand at the passage, seeing he could not well get over the same in the presence of the enemy, till the Feeld-Marshall Horn had brought the succour into the City. Whes this was successfully performed, the Duke intended to retire again. But as soon as he was gone a little way from the passage, the enemy with all his Regiments of Crabats, Hungarians, and Germane horsemen, sell upon the Arriere-guard, with whom they engaged themselves so much, that it was impossible to part again: wherefore Duke Bernhard was forced to turn ba●e again, and assault them with all his strength, and pu● all the Regiments into a confusion, and to flight, so th●t many of them were slain, & had not the night so suddenly fallen upon them, the slaughter would have been m●ch greater. Thereupon the Duke held all that night nea●e the said passage, till the morning, and then he made h●re treat again to the rest of the Army upon the aforementioned Hill. Mean while Colonel john de Werth be●●an likewise to pursue the Duke, but was quickly beaten ●…cke. In these several skirmishes above 2000 of the Impe●…alists party did run over, and partly were slain or taken prisoners. The Earl of Cratz being also arrived about ●at time in the Camp. The both the Generals advanced the 26. day of Aug. 6 of Sep. with their Army to take● hill which commanded the Imperial Camp, and about evening they routed the Spanish and Italian troops, and obtained 12 Standards, and doubtless they would have obtained a great victory, had not the night overtaken them. The next day following, they begun on both sides to skirmish again, till at last the Feeld-Marshall Horn with the foot forces got a part of the Hill, and brought upon it 6 Pieces of Ordnance, and begun to play with them against the enemy's Camp, and at the same time some Swedish foot-forces got over the trenches into the camp, and took of the Imperialists some Ensigns which they brought back along with them. But at last the charges being often renewed, the Imperialists drew all their forces together, and assailed their enemy's foot-forces, so that after a long fight, they put them into a confusion, and overthrew them. But the most part of the horsemen retired in reasonable order, the Ordnance being taken away by some runneawayes, was lost, and the baggage was most part plundered and taken away by the Swedes themselves.  


A. The City of Nordlingen.  
B. The Church upon the Hill, where two Batteries were raised.  
C. S. Leonhardt, where 1. Regiment had approached already into the Garden.  
D. The Hill where the Gallows stood.  
E. The whole Imperial Camp, upon the Steffel hill.  
F. Two Demicanons.  
G. Three field-pieces.  
H. Three Regiments, and some pieces of Ordnance.  
I. The Head quarter Emerling.  
K. One company of Currassiers, that keep the watch.  
L. One Regiment of foot.  
M. The Tent of the King of Hungary.  


N. Crabats.  
O. German horsemen  
P. Foot forces.   Which presented themselves in battle-array when D. Bernhard of Weymar arrived.  
Q. The River of Eger.  
R. The Lhoe-mill.  


S. Vndermeiningen.  
T. Hollzheim.  
V Ertlingen.  
W. Baldingen.  
X. Topffingen.  
Y. Eringen.  
Z. Bintzenzimmer.  
a. Blaumloh.  
b. Kraulhausen.  
c. Trohtelfingen.  
d. Wallerstein.  
e. Kirchheim.  
f. Osterholtz.  
g. An Imperial Watch.   In these Villages, and thereabouts were the Quarters of the Imperial horsemer  
1. Bopffingen.  
2. The Ipff.  
3. Flohe hill.  
4. Oberduffe.  
5. In the 8. Mill on the River of Eger.  
6. Auff Haysen.  
7. The beginning of the River of Eger.  
8. The Breitwangel.  
9 The Swedish Campe.  
10. The Ordnances.  
11. The House of Hohenberg.  
12. The way to Vlm.  
13. The Forest.  
14. Keckingen.      

The Actions of the King of Hungaria General of the Imperial Army; and the opposition made against him by the D. Bernhard Weymar, Gustavus Horn, and Otho the Rhinegrave, prin●…all Commanders for the Princes and Swedes. CAP. 1.  
THe siege of Ratisbone by the Imperial and Bavarian Armies, with some preparations made by Duke Bernhard of Saxon Weymar, for the defence thereof, concluded our last discourse of his proceed; we must now alter the scene, and follow him into another Province, where he falls upon the Enemy, burning, and wasting his Country, whilst his power is employed in this offensive foreign war.  
It is an Aphorism among Physicians, whose study only tends to the preservation of the Natural body, that if a flux of sharp humours fall upon the eye, or any such tender part, that if by fit purgative medicines they cannot carry it away, the stream must be turned, and the matter transported to the common ordinary neighbour Emunctories: And many wise Commanders, whose care extends itself to the preservation of the body politic in peace, have followed this Rule, That when the Armies of aliens in hostile manner shall invade their territories, the only expeditious way of securing their own, is to fall upon the Enemy's land, that so he may be called home, and diverted from his former counsels. Thus Pericles in the Peloponnesian war, twice, and both times speedily, and happily delivered the Athenians country from the formidable Host of the Lacedæmonians: Thus Agathocles the King, opposing fear to fear, and force to force, conveying his Army by sea into Africa, suddenly raised the Siege of Syracuse, when Amilcar was set down before it, the Carthagenians being constrainedly willing to purchase their safety, with the quiet of their Enemies. Thus Hannibal when the Romans had so strongly planted themselves before Capua, that he esteemed it a matter of extreme difficulty, if not impossibility to remove them by force, brought his Army to the gates of Rome, deeming this the surest way to quit his friends from imminent danger: and this device was so successful, that Fulvius Flaccus one of the Consuls, was instantly sent for home from Capua, for the relief of the City. And the D. attempted about May 27. june 6. to deliver the City of Regensburg from the fury of the besiegers, by an inroade into Bavaria, pillaging and spoiling the enemy's country, blocking up one place, besieging another, and doing him what damage they could in every place. And this course of his was the cause that about june 11/1 some Imperial Regiments were sent back into Bohemia, to assure that Country against the Protestants, & some of the Bavarians Army marched downwards by Strawbingen into Bavaria to secure those coasts from invasion.  

The Fort of Ro●…berg besieged by D. B●….  And yet the D. Weymar at his first going from Rhegensburg, looked not towards Bavaria, but Franconia; and therefore marched by Newmarck a town in the upper Palatinat towards Altorff, where we find him in his head quarter May 31/ june 10. But hence he strait dislodged, marching towards the river of Pegnitz, and thence he first applied himself to the strong Fort of Rottenberge, where he left the Lieutenant Colonel Laverwaldt, with 1500 Musquetiers and sufficient ammunition to besiege it, who so well discharged his office there, that by june 5/15 he had made his approaches to the very walls near the Shiniger steeple, secured his Army from the danger of the Canon, and much discouraged them within the Fort, who were not only hemmed in by Enemies without, but pinched and ready to faint, for want of water within.  
Thence he marched with the rest of his Army to Forchaim, a City which had not only formerly supplied the Castle of Wilsburg, when it was besieged by the Swedish Colonel Sperreuter, and Landgrave john of Hessen: but now also is a nest of trouble some guests to their Neighbours, daily doing much harm about Megeldorff, Gleishammer, and the places thereabouts, by pillaging. 
〈…〉 act of a Swedish S●…  We cannot here pass over a memorable adventure of a Swedish Serjeant, whose name though it be not discovered to us, is worthy to be recorded for his valour and wisdom. Some ordinary men have done strange things casually, but few by praeelection and judgement; but this man showed as much discretion in the prosecution of his design, as boldness in the first undertaking; The story is briefly thus: About june 1/11. 400 foot, and 80 Horse of the Imperialists at Forchaim▪ having laid a bridge over the river of Pegnitz above Megelldorff, went a bootehaling, in the Country thereabouts, and had driven away many of their cattles. This Sergeant accompanied with two Horsemen, as he was coming to the D. understanding of it by chance, associates himself with them immediately, professing himself to be an Imperialist, till the whole company being divided to seek for more prey, be (under pretence of a fair booty) had drawn out a Standard, and an Ensign so far fromt he rest, that he had sufficient opportunity to dispatch his first intended business. And now having thus surprised them, he discloses himself, tells them plainly what he is, a Swede and their enemy; sets upon them when they looked for no such entertainment, and had killed them presently, bade not they craved Quartier. But this sudden unexpected change of his words and behaviour, made them petition for their lives, which he granted upon their disarming, giving up their Pistols, and submitting themselves to his command. This act of his, could not be done so secretly, but that it must needs, and was in the end discovered to the rest of the Imperial party; and therefore about 20 of them presently pursue after him, as well to avenge themselves upon the Swede, who had thus deluded them, as to recover the Standard, and Ensign. But he who had gotten a pretty advantage of way before them, posts on with his prize and prisoners toward Noremberg, whither at last, being happily preserved by the fortunate coming in of some Musketeers from the Suburb of Werth, who were marching against these boot-halers, and the Boors of the Country, who had taken up Arms, and were come together to save their cattles, which by this means were regained: he speedile arrived, bringing in the prisoners, the Standard, and Ensign, which the next day were presented to the Duke, who with the Field-marshal Horn was come thither june 2/12 that with their presence they might honour the funerals of the General Major Corville, who was slain by a wyer-bullet before Regensburg (as we have related in the supplement to the sixth part of this History) and was after the Military manner honourably buried in the Suburbs of Werth, june 5/15. The Standard had on the one side the picture of the Virgin Mary, on the other, an hand reaching out of a cloud, and the Ensign was blue, and white, which this adventurous Sergeant thus achieved. A strange attempt, and hardly to be paralleled in History. Neither the fact of Zopirus in bringing the Babylonians to his master Darius his subjection, nor the stratagem of Hannibal in taking in the Roman Cities by his Africans, whom he had caused to be perfectly entrusted in the Latin tongue, and dressed in the Roman garb; nor the device of our own Countrymen in the year 1388, in the time of Richard the second, by entering and taking the town of Mont-ferrat in the lower Auvergne under the show of merchants, being every way comparable to it: Zopirus by mangling his face, and false tale, had brought the Babylonians into such a fool's paradise, that they could not think, but that he was at terms of enmity with his master, and would take occasion of vengeance; The device of Hannibal was rather an evidence of a cunning, reaching head, than valiant man; and the design of our Nation, was without show of peril, there being many undertakers, and the town unfortified, & without a Garrison, disable to resist them; But this man singly exposing himself to certain death if once discovered, gave a good testimony aswell of his valour as policy. And doubtless he was well instructed in his Shibboleths, being not only perfect in the Enemy's language, but able to conform himself, to their behaviour, & gesture.  

Forchaim blocked up.  And now to return to the D. himself, we find him marching towards Forchaim, a city (if Mercators' report be true) belonging to the Bishop of Herbipolis, commonly called Virtzburg, and having the river of Regnitz on the west, and the Wisent on the east, which emptieth itself into Regnitz at the south point of the City; before this place he sat down with part of his Army, about the 7/17 of june, not only for the causes aforementioned, but also because the Norrimbergers received much damage, as well by the Garrison here, as those in the Fort of Rottenberg, this being not above 15, the other but 9 English miles distant from that city, and having blocked it up, and cut off that stream of the Wisent which watereth the City, left the Field-marshal Crats before it with some Regiments, who as they writ from Norimberge june 7/17 hath raised 5 batteries against it, and makes no spare of powder and shot to batter it, 
Sultzbach taken by Scalado.  and sent Colonel Rosa to Sultzbach, wherein the Ambergers had laid a guard of 150 Dragooners, who by june 10/20 had taken it by Scaladoe, put the Dragooners to the sword, and made good booty there. He went with the rest of his Army towards Bavaria, being joined by the way with Gustavus Horn at Donawerth, where now for a while we shall leave him wasting and spoiling the Country.  

The continuation of the siege of Regensburg.  And now we return to Regensburg, a city not so famous either for her first Founder, which was Claudius Tiberius Nero the third Roman Emperor, or the royal name he gave it, which was Tiberina, or Augusta Tiberii, or the proper name of Ratisbona, given it in after times, for the good ships which were thence set out, or the many names given it by strangers, as Reginoburgum, Rhaetobonna Rhaetopolis, Hyaspolis, Imbripolis, Regnipolis, Taetratopolis, Quadrata, & Germansheim, or that it was once the Metropolis of Bavaria, and principal seat of residence of the Kings and Dukes of that Region, as it is now likely to be by this present siege, wherein the besiegers have hitherto shown no better arguments of their purpose to take it, than the besieged have done of resolution to keep it. Their disputations on both sides are with shot and sword, and the oppositions of the one are not more fierce and fiery, than the answers of the other are round and speedy.  
In what estate the D. Bernhard left the City, we have formerly declared; we will not now look behind us to what was then, but before us to what is done since.  
Divers assaults had the Imperialists made upon the city, before the 17.27. of lune, wherein they gained so little, that as yet they could not be masters of so much as one outwork, though with the loss, and lives of many thousands of men, whereof some part was slain before the town, another taken prisoners, and the third ran away, and starved; it see me that they came on desperately, and were repulsed valiantly. Thus we are informed in general, but to give the Reader the more satisfaction, we shall put down some memorable particulars.  
Whilst the Imperial and Bavarian Armies were jointly set down before this city, with about 150 pieces of Ordnance, they first battered that place of the wall, where D. Bernhard first made the breach, when he took it; but finding the event not to answer their expectation, their Army being thus quartered, in Regiments, in all making 6000, whereof 2000 were Musquettiers, placed on the North side of the Donaw; near the Ship-bridge; 7 Regiments of Foot consisting of 5000 men, under the command of the General Altringer on the Bavarian, or Southside, 6 companies under the command of Gallas; 7 companies of Dragooners under Piccolomini: 9 companies of Pollacks; and 2 of Prench at Kalmuncz; 15 companies of Cuirassiers, at Swandorff, 3 Regiments consisting of 16 companies, 6 companies under the command of Colonel Hummerton, and 8 under the command of Colonel Butler at Smidhalen. Upon Whitsunday May 25. June 4. when they continued playing with the canon upon the City, and the horneworke, till 4 in the afternoon, they made 3 several assaults upon the horneworke, which though it was not built to the full perfection, was courageously defended by Count Thurn and his soldiers, whose valour that day was not so commended by his friends, as admired by his enemies. The loss the Garrison had in these assaults, was not great, compared to that of the Imperialists: they lost not above 12 men, amongst which were none of note: the other many, the number is uncertain; amongst which was the Baron of Teubrize, who had formerly been Commander in that City while it was under the Duke of Bavaria, who with the General Major Dietrichstein, Colonel julidado, and other principal Officers, was slain, Colonel Breuner, who was first wounded in three several places, and afterward with Mariam's Lieutenant Colonel, the Major of Colloredoes Regiment, and other Officers of note in the Army were taken Prisoners.  
These three were the most furious assaults, which the Imperialists have hitherto made against the City: the unhappy events whereof, made them afterwards to go on more warily, and to endeavour by mines and more secure means to compass their desires. And herein the defendants apply themselves to defeat them in their manner of working, unwinding the clue as fast as the other make it up, countermining against them, to undo what the other have done. 
Two sallies made by the Garrison upon the Cam●pe.  And yet these attempts of the Camp, were not altogether unrequited in their own kind by the Garrison, who both upon Whit-munday at night, sallied forth of the city, beat the Enemy out of some of his trenches, took 15 prisoners, got above 100 Muskets, slew many ordinary soldiers, and some Officers, whose swords they carried away with them into the city; and upon june 10.20. appeared again without the Hornworke, as if they meant again to have done the like: whence presently as afraid of their Enemy, they retired purposely toward the town, to draw the Imperialists to pursue them, to the outworks, where they had placed some field-pieces, charged which small shot, for the slaughter of the assailants, if they should chance to follow them. And this device took such effect, that the Camp being encouraged, by this (as they conceived) timorous flight pursued them to the very outworke, where these Murderers being discharged upon them, made such a Massacre, that many of them there lost their lives, to the great discouragement of the Army, and encouragement of the Regensburgers. It is good to look before we leap; policy is often superior to power, and wisdom prevaileth against unregulated might.  
Hitherto we have discoursed but of the beginning of this siege, the proceed whereof (with the want of present provisions for that numerous Army before it) have been terrible, and many Well-willers to the Evangelicall party, have been persuaded, that before this time, the King of Hungary would have risen from before the City: But he who is resolved either to take it or spend himself before it, still maketh great preparations against it, and hath sent for 9 whole Canons, and 2000 barrels of powder, from Brauna, in Bavaria, and 4000 weights of all sorts of Ammunition to be brought unto him out of Bohemia and Austria.  

Kelheim taken by the Imp.  While things are thus carried at Regensburg, Colonel Rosa who was then at Kelheim, a town situated upon the Bavarian side of the Donaw, at the very point where the Altimull comes in, to pay his tribute of waters to that more famous stream, and distant from Regensburg about 10 English miles to the Northward, was besieged there by some Imperial Regiments of the Army, and as if he had lost the courage there, which he shown in the surprisal of Sultzbach, surrendered it upon composition june 6.16. being forced to march out without Ensigns, or weapons, to the great offence of the Duke, both because he had not first burnt the Ship-bridge, as also for that he held not out one day longer; which if he had done, he had certainly been relieved. The surprisal of Sultzbach was quickly avenged by the imperials at Amberg in the upper Palatinat, who presently thereupon set upon 4 companies of the Weymarish Horse, defeated them, and took from them 3 Standards, and the most part of their Baggage: And this action again was requited by the Swedish Garrison in Weygen, which defeated an Imperial convoy, which was going with 40 Wagons loaden with victuals, to the Imperial Army at Regensburg, and carried away the provision: The die falls not always alike, Gamesters must expect to lose, as well as to win, and the fortune of war, doth not always carry the same face: A lowering evening hath sometimes seen him a Captive, whom a glorious flattering morning hath laughed on, as a Conqueror.  
A piece of political discipline shall conclude this Chapter, wherein war appears more illustrious than peace; 
A Swedish Lieutenant hanged.  for that, which in a quiet and settled estate may sometimes without danger be neglected, in a tumultuary hurry cannot safely be omitted. A Swedish Lieutenant having taken upon the Bodensea (a known lake betwixt Helvetia and Schwaben) 2 ships laden with come and wine, left the ship, and went on shore with his soldiers to drink; The Mariners, who were better inclined to the Imperial, than the Prince's party, instantly made use of the time, hoist up sails, and carried the prize to the Enemy. It was then in vain to look after the Sailors, who were gone out of reach; the Council of war therefore made inquiry after him, who was in their power, arraigned, and hanged him. An excellent piece of justice; The very name of treason is abominable, and though it discover a malicious mind, and inclination to do evil, yet it is not always seconded with the occasion, and power of execution; wilful negligence in matters of importance, is almost, if not altogether, as bad; for hereby the adversary hath fit opportunity of doing what mischief he can desire. A good soldier must have a vigilant eye, and an industrious hand, as well as a loyal heart; for otherwise, he exposeth himself, and confederates, to much necessity.   

D. Bernhard Weymar, Gustavus Horn, and Otho the Rhinegrave. CAP. 2.  
OPportunity, whether in peace or war, if not neglected, is the best engine, & most advantageous; in peace, the thriving Merchant, by taking the benefit of wind and tide, makes a quick return, and gainful; and in war, the spoiling bands of the soldiery by seasonable use of their present occasions, load themselves with the prey of their Enemies. The several engagements of the Duke Bern: of Saxon Weymar, and the Field-marshal Horn, and the dis-union of their Armies, which so continued, till july 1.11. when they were united into one body betwixt Donawerth and Augspurg, 
john de Werth pillageth Ortinguen. etc.  gave opportunity to the Bavarian Commander john de Werth, to range about Franconia, plundering and spoiling those places, which had any relation to the Evangelicall party. june 2.12. he shown himself with 50 Cornets of Horse, all Crabats and Hungarians before Hippolstein, Windelstein, Heideck, and some other towns in Franckenland, presuming sometimes to advance even to the Gates of Norimberge. But all this was but a bravadoe, his design lay elsewhere; nor stayed he long to show his bravery, but quickly returning towards Bavaria by Pappenheim, upon the Altimull, and Donawerth upon the river of Danubie, he strait wheeled about again, towards Ortinguen, and Dreutinguen, which he sacked in the absence of these Generals, and the particular Commanders of those places, carrying away a great prize, 2000 heads of Cattles, 300 sacks of meat, and 300 prisoners to Ingolstade. In like manner, the Governor of Aicha, knowing that Horn having other engagements, could not give attendance only upon that place, as soon as he understood, that he was gone from thence with his Army contrary to the agreement, and his promise, returned again, and repossessed himself of the place, from which he had so lately been ejected. 
The town of Aicha retaken by Horn and the Governor hanged.  I know not in this action, whether he was more to be condemned of folly, or falsehood, both these appear plainly in his undertaking, folly, in that he could imagine himself able to hold the place, which was now unfortifyed, (for the gates were demolished, and the fortifications cast down by Gustanus Horus) which he could not keep fortified▪ falsehood in breaking his word and oath, than which nothing ought to be observed more religiously. Peradventure he had learned the doctrine of Jesuitical Equivocation, and only meant to keep his promise of not returning, as long as the Field marshal stayed there; it had been better for him to have dealt plainly, and kept his word punctually, for by the forfeiture of his credit, he lost his life ignominiously, and betrayed the City to desolation utterly: the treachery was soon discovered to the Marshal, who returned instantly, and stayed not to summon the town, but took it by assault, put the most of the to wnsmen and soldiers to the sword, hanged the perfidious Commander before one of the gates, and burned the town to the ground. This was good justice and required by the law of Arms, for he that doth not punish such faithlesnesses, openeth a gap to all perfidiousness.  

john de Werth taken prisoner.  The Army of the Bavarian Werth, who dealt more fairly (for he did nothing but what was lawful for an Enemy) hath since his practice of hostile pillaging, been once defe●●…d by G●shav●… H●rne near Auspurg, whence he had the pursuit of his confused Army, almost to ●achaw, the space of, & Germane miles, and in the end ●…orly ruined by D. B●…burd I●… 7.17. betwixt Landshut and Psaltenhoven, where 〈◊〉 of his Soldier were shine, and himself ●…tly ●s●…ped.  

Dachaw, Frysing, Mosburg, and Landshul taken by Duke Bern●.  And now to pass over the several encamp and remove of these 2. great Commanders before the meeting of their forces, in the first place I find, that by July 8.18. they had taken by composition, Dachaw, upon the river of Amber; Frysing, and Mosburg, upon the Iser, which Cities to save themselves from pillaging, promised to supply the Army with as much come as they could get, and as much provision, as they could conveniently spare; and from thence marched towards Passaw, with intent to relieve Regenspurgh, in which attempt, I shall for a short space leave them; for now, we must looks abroad towards Alsatia, and the Lake of Constans, where the Swedes, and Soldiers of Otho the Rhinegrave are bickering with the Imperialists, and these again, returning of blows to them.  
The Rhinegrave Otho Lodowick, to whose care the war in Alsatia was first committed, being gone from thence towards tyrol, to attend the coming down of the Cardinal Infante with his Italians (whom he waited upon with 7000. men taken out of his Army, and 9000. others sent unto him upon the way, by the direction of the Rixchancellor Oxenstierne) and having deputed his brother john Philip his Lieutenant Generally the Imperials in the garrison near to Rhinefelden, seeing the Leagues thus weakened, entered into a consolation how to deliver the town, and to deliver the Imperial commander Morcye who kept in, from the Swedish Armies. To this purpose, June 5.15. all the horse in Brissuck, and 400 Musketeers, being sent from thence, joined with ●…o ●…in Villinguen, and 1000 Boors, marched directly against the Camp before Rhinefelden. This plot of the enemy, was not carried so closely, but that it was in good time discovered to john Philip the Rhinegrave. And he to secure the Camp, sent out a party of 25. Horse to descry the number of his enemies, and the manner of their March, and upon the view, by shooting off their pistols, to give a general warning to the Leaguer; they were not gone fare from the Camp, but they had espied the imperials upon their march, who at once giving sire upon the Rhinegraves horsemen, did (what they should have done) give notice to the Camp of their approaching; and the volley of shot, was not only harmless, to the 25. horsemen, but beneficial to the Camp, and hurtful to themselves. For they presently perceiving, themselves to be discovered, fled in such disorder and confusion, that not above 100 of them went together any one way, and (as it is probably conjectured) those few horse which were sent out to discover them, might alone have made slaughter of many hundreds of them, if they had pursued them. But they returned to the Camp, and thence some others were sent after them who overtook some straggling Companies, and slew as many as they found.  

4. Companies of Lorraine Horsemen defeated by the Garrison at Ensisheim.  The same night, and to the same purpose, 4. Companies of Lorraine horse intending to have joined with the Brissackers, Villengueners, and Boars of the hart, (the woodland of Alsatia) were discovered in their March by the Swedes in the garrison of Ensisheim (situate upon the Ill, a river, in the edge of the Hart) who presently made after them, overtook them in the Forest within two Germane miles of Ensisheim, and six from-Rhinefelden, set upon them instantly, slew 40. of them, took 16. prisoners, and got 50. fair horses with their saddles, and pistols.  
The first defeat of the Brissackers, had not so much disheartened them, but that within few days after having peeced again their scattered forces, they renewed their former attempt; but how unhappily they proceeded, let this following letter of john Philip, to his brother Otho Lodowicke the Rhinegrave speak; whose tenor is as followeth.  
A Letter sent by john Philip to his brother Otho, etc.  
Noble, etc.  
Whereas I perceived, that the Enemy did strengthen himself more and more, with an intention to relieve Rhinefelden; I consulted with myself (your Excellency by letters having first advised me thereunto) how I might defeat his counsel, and prevent his design. To this end after I had sent abroad many Spies, at last intelligence was brought me that they lay on an hill, which though it was steep, and not to be passed without difficulty, yet then the passage was more open, than it had been formerly, when besides the acclivitie of the place, the way was stopped up, by trees which were cut down purposely, and laid athwart it, to make it unpasseable. Wherefore I dislodged the last wednesday night July 11.21. with six companies of your Life Regiment, the 5. Meckelburghish troops, the 12. companies of Strasborough musketeers; some frenchmen, & 60. Benfeldish Musketeers (in all about 4000 men) and took my way directly against the mountain. Here while the Margyraffish Boors, (who were the first which discovered to me the place of the Enemy's abode) and the Lackeys, fired some houses, opened the passage, and chased away the watch which kept it, the Enemy who lay but 2. hours' march from thence, got notice of our coming, and as well as time permitted, fortified himself against us. Hereupon I commanded the Count of Nassaw, with 6. Companies, to advance against him, but he perceiving our forces, left his Quarters, and went to the cloister of S. Blasius, cutting down the trees in the Forest as he went, to impeach our speedy passage after him. This action of his much hindered, but made us not give over our course, our hard labour undid what he had done, and we followed him, which thought none had pursued him. At the Cloister our Horsemen first appeared, which when the Enemy saw alone, thinking them to be unbackt, and not succoured with foot, he made towards them so furiously, that he caused them to retire, with the loss of 4. of their company. The foot were by this come, and brought in, whom as soon as he had descried, he left the Cloister again, and betook himself to an hill, thinking verily, so to escape, and retire to Villenguen, and in his flight to surprise the Colonel Gassion, who was quartered in a small Dorp, by the way. I suspected his meaning, and followed him at the heels; but by climbing up the hills, our forces, as well as his, especially the Horsemen (a thing to be wondered at) so wearied themselves, that neither man, nor Horse (of which many were killed by hard riding) were able to go a step farther. I know not how it came to pass, (nor can I ascribe it to any other cause, but his providence, which disposeth all things) at last the Enemy craved Quarter, which being granted by us as willingly, as begged by them humbly the Lieutenant Colonel of Shonaw Commander of all the forces, althe Officers, which came from Bryssack (whose names are under written) and above 300. common soldiers, were by us taken prisoners. And thus (God be thanked) this Army which intended the succour of Rhinefelden, is totally ruined, and dispersed, and no offices escaped, except 2. Lieutenants, which still were foremost in the flight, and (I think) would have been last in battle. The Villinguenieres, were pursued by the wearied horse, and men, as fast as they could, and some of them put to the sword, many of them leapt from their horses, and hid themselves in the hedges, and ditches, the rest, (as the Landgrave of Stulingen certifieth) fled as fast as ever they could towards. Villinguen, without so much as looking back. The Forest, and the Hills were the refuges of them which escaped, for could we have brought them into the open field, few, either of horse, or foot, had escaped our hands, though by those Coverts, and flight, some have for the present, avoided us. I shall certify you, upon the first occasion, how the Abbot of S. Bl●sius hath hitherto held correspondence, with the Enemy, and how the Rhinfelders hereafter shall be have themselves.  
Dated before Rhinefelden, June 16.26. 1634.  
P. Script. I have immediately advised the Commander Gassion to have an eye at Villinguen, whether, he hath yet done any thing, I long to hear. To the 3. Zillhartish companies I have given order to march immediately downwards, that none of the Runa way might get into Pryssack.  
The names of the officers, which were take prisoners are these;  

1. Lieutenant Colonel Shonaw which commanded as General.  
2. Fybues a Rittmaster, and a Lieutenant of the Horse.  
3. The Captain Hydeek, who had formerly been prisoner at Ruffach.  
4. William Bergher, Captain of the Commander Mercy his Regiment.  
5. john George Reich of Plaits, Captain of the Ascanish Regiment.  
6. Sebal Meyer of Nieren, Lieutenant of the old Shamburghish Regiment.  
7. john Michael Haller, a Cornet.  
8. Wolff Christoph: of Reinach a Captain of the new Shamburghish Regiment.  
9 Nicolas Horneker a Captain of Colonel Mercies Regiment.   
Thus he expresseth his victory, modestly and religiously, neither extolling his own wisdom in foreseeing the danger, nor valour in conquering the Enemy, but imputing the first to his Brother's care, and ascribing the last, to him, who might challenge it justly; and doubtless, herein he speaks truly, for it was not his own sword, and his bow, but the hand of God which gave him the victory.  
This defeature hath not only much discouraged them at Rhinefelden, but at Bryssack also, for so they writ from Colmar, an Imperial city in the upper Alsatia, distant from Bryssack about 8. English miles. They at Rhinefelden during the absence of the Swedish Army, had gotten-in two small boats loaden with provision; and because it was perceived by the General at his return, that this might make them not come in, therefore about June 24. shilo n●v●, he intended to assault the town on both sides, and had done it, if he had not been that morning assured by some which escaped out of the City, of the great want, and penury therein, that they already were glad of Horseflesh, and had devoured at least 26. Horses, and that the officers had rigged a Ship, and intended to escape by the River; this information diverted him from his first advice; and instead of attempting any thing upon the town, he put forth many vessels well manned to the Rhine, to attend there, if happily they should attempt that way, to evade him. The Bryssackers, though they have a strong garrison, yet knowing that the activity of the Soldiers dependeth upon their leaders, are much dejected, because their chief Commanders are surprised, and may not return from Colmar, (whither they were brought after the last action) to do them service. And now we may briefly see the general estate of the upper Alsatia, much distracted by these wars, and the particular estate of Rhinefelden, much distressed, and that of Bryssack much perplexed.  
About the Bodensea, neither the Swedes, nor Imperialists are idle, in that little corner, both parties are interessed, the one endeavoureth both to keep what he hath gotten by the sword, and enlarge his territories; and the other strives to hold, what he is now, and was, possessed of formerly, and to recover what he hath lost lately. Buckhorne a little town, but of much importance, near this Lake, is daily strengthened, by the Swedes, with new fortifications. Here are many Shipwrights set on work, to make men of war, after the fashion of the Hollanders, twelve whereof were finished about the beginning of June, which since have done so much harm to the Imperialists thereabouts, and put them to such fear, that they dare no longer rove abroad at Sea, as they have done formerly, but are fain to solicit the neighbouring Romishly-affected Sea-townes against these Enemies, who now appear as terrible upon the water, as they have been formerly, at land; 
5. Ships taken by the Swede● upon the Bodensea.  for presently, upon their first lancing, they took from the Imperialists, upon the Lake of Constance, 5. Ships laden with Ammunition, and military instruments, (in one of which they found 1000 Rexdollars, and many Jewels of good value) and put the Soldiers which were in them to the Sword  

Ratolfoe Cell, beleaguered.  The Imperialists to avenge their loss at the Lake, fell soon after, with their united forces, upon Ratolfoes Cell, a town upon the under Lake; this town, the Vberlingers, they of Lindaw, Bregents and Constance conjoining their forces battered out of 5. ships by Sea, while their land men strengthened with a supply of Spaniards, about 4000 strong thought to have penned up the Swedish Commander Shavellskie at Arch, and detained him from either coming to relieve of secure his friends in that town. But he at length, by the Wirtenbergers, and some of the Rhinegraves forces, being delivered, from that restraint, went immediately to the beleaguered place, whence he wrote to the Major of his Regiment john james Fefferling at Ravenspurg, to inform him of the state of the City as followeth. June 26. July 6. P. P. The town of Zell is not yet in danger, the Enemy hath besieged it by water and land, and battered it hard by the space of 3. days on both sides; especially that time, when we arrived, when, though he ceased not to play upon it the whole night, (thankes be to God) he got but little of the town. I am certified, that yesterday they have carried to Constance 2. ships full of dead, and wounded men; that day we sallied forth, and put many of them to the sword, and after our retirement they assaulted us, but to their loss, our soldiers fought courageously and heat them back. This day they stir not, and to morrow (God willing) I shall be supplied with some fresh Muskertiers, and will then try all possible means to chase them away. God grant us good success. Thus far the Colonel, And his actions seem to have kept time with his words, 
The siege raised.  for shortly after being seconded by his friends from the Dukedom of Wirtenberg, he raised the siege and chased the Enemy from that town; which he presently supplied with a garrison of 400. men, victuals, Ammunition, and other necessaries for a whole half year, and himself marched to Buckhorne, still keeping a watch over the Imperialists, and attending their future designs. This misadventure of the Imperial undertaken hath been since that is evil to some of the places from whence they came, as it was then unhappy to the persons engaged in the business. Vberlingen, which a little before was left by the Swedes, and had gotten at least a breathing time of liberty, is now again hereupon blocked up by the Wirtembergers, which lose no time, nor spare no cost to bring their works to perfection, but employ daily 1500 men to labour in their fortifications. At Constance, besides the mutinies of the Soldiers, who are discontented for not receiving their promised pay; there is daily heard the voice of woeful lamentation, and direful exclamation, mothers and children bewailing the loss of their husbands and fathers, and exclaiming against the Commander Wolffegg, who persuaded many of the Citizens to leave their lawful occupations, whereby they got their live, and follow this unfortunate war, wherein they lost their lives.  

The state and actions in the upper Palat.  The stream of the story should now run to Regensburg, where the Cyclopes in Vulcan's forge labour not so hard to make Mars his Arms, as his followers do the●… to mar them; but that, the upper Palatinat never so glorious by the famous City of Norimberge, (Quâ non Germanis est ulla celebrior oris) as now unhappy by war, commands the quill to distil a few black drops in remembrance of her misery. 
Bruck & Reitenbach burned.  The Ambergers are still ready to deface some part of the beauty thereof with fire; Bruck and Reitenbach a fair marker towns, being already by their voluntary hostility, consumed by that devouring Element, and Chamb a town of note in the Eastern part thereof threatened with the like fa●e for hospitality, and ●…ertaining (the Swedes) strangers. And yet, why should accuse the Ambergers' 〈◊〉 it was not the natives or in●…itants which did this evil, but the Soldiers in the Garrison▪ 〈◊〉 since that time, being visited with the plague of pestilence, whether by contagion of air, putrefaction of their victuals, these secundary means, or the immediate h●nd of God. 
The Garrison at Amberg visited with the plague, quit the place.  I dispute not: having willingly left this refuge, and held it safer for themselves to adventure upon the sword of their Enemies abroad, then to hazard the deadly shot of that arrow which flies at noon day, and strikes mortally before it appear visibly.  

Colonel Corpus defeated.  But besides the harms done in those parts by the Garrison, the Baw●rian Colonel Corpus, ranged about the Country, and did much violence; Him, the Weymarish Lieutenant Colonel met withal about Tachaw, June 15.25. (that very day, wherein Aicha was first taken by the Field-marshal H●…u●) and though he was attended with his Regiment of 800 Horsemen, fought with him, foiled him, put a great part of the Horshmen to the sword, amongst which were some Ritmasters and Officers, and took many prisoners; in the number whereof, was one Lieutenant, and 2 Rittmasters. And thus this Country is for the present relieved a little, but if long it will so continue, it is not in us to determine, that is only known to him, who disposeth of times and seasons at his pleasure: we may pray for the peace thereof, which is likely so long to be uncertain, as the warring parties stand in any opposition.  

The story of Regens. continu●….  The designs formerly mentioned, are but as light skirmishes to a fet battle, or as those Myrmitoleones in Pliny, to the Lybian Lion, in respect of the service at Rhegensburg: The King of Hungary is yet resolved to take it, or lose his Army, and the besieged have still concluded to hold it, or spend their bloods in the quarrel.  

2 Burgundian Regiments ruinated by a sally.  While part of the Imperial Army was before Ketheim, the Citizens and Soldiers made a sally upon the Camp, and utterly ruinated 2 whole Regiments of Burgundians, took the Officers prisoners and brought them into the City, and ●…ew the rest with the edge of the sword. This wound in the Army went fo●…c●hing near the quick; the King himself (who is said once to have laughed, when he heard that 3 or 400 men had lost their lives in a desperate assault) was sensible of the loss, and sent to Vienna for fresh supplies, 
6000 fresh men sent from Vienna.  whence he was shortly furnished again with 6000 new soldiers, which hoped in 3 weeks at the furthest, to have their quarter, not without in the trenches, but within the walls and houses of the City. This was about june 16.26. 
The D. of Bavaria in the Camp.  Some few days after the D. of Bavaria in his own person came into the Camp, and with his presence and large promises much encouraged the assailants: 
Other 4000 men come to the Camp.  and within a week after that, the Commander What went down from Amberg with 4000 men, and 4 fire morterers, the better to finish this work, which at the first they thought so easy, and at last found so difficult. And now began that flame to burst out, which was not to be extinguished, but with rivers of blood, the swords of these adversaries clashing together strike fire, and a springing fountain from their own veins must quench it.  
The D. of Bavaria who had taken up his quarter at Degenheim above Donawstauff, perceiving the Prebunner steeple in the wall to be boared in many places with the canon, but not battered down, promised the Canoniers a sum of money, if they did so beat it down, that it might fall into the moat, supposing the rubbish thereof would fill up the ditch, and make a plain way for an assault. The Gunners in the Leaguer laboured tooth and nail to effect it, and they in the town did their best endeavour to prevent it, who sallied out upon the Camp june 22 being Sunday, set upon the Boeckish Regiment at Brull, and brought it to utter ruin.  

The Boeckish Regiment ruinated.  In these manners of attempts, wherein they have since that time been frequently practised, the Boors of the upper Palatinat (of which sort of people there were many in the town) did good service. 
The Boors within do much hurt with their morning star.  These rustic fellows, being first well lined with liquor, ofttimes fell upon the imperials in their trenchees, where with an instrument, called by them the morning star, (it is a short club armed with pikes, the same weapon the Boors of the upper Austria used, when they rebelled against the Emperor) they knocked them down with mortal strokes, every blow they gave being as deadly, as their adventure was desperate. This unkind entertainment did yet no whit abate the courage of the besiegers, the Bavarian on the one side of the Danubie, and the imperials on the other, still continued their batteries, and making their approaches nearer to the Outworks, 
4000 shot made upon the City.  by june 30 had made 4000 great shot upon the City: and yet, the besieged shown no token of dejection, themselves by letters presently after certify the D. Born. that they could yet with conveniency expect his succours, that yet there was no want of provision within the town, that though they had lost some number of men in the Enemies a ●…ulte, and their own sallies, yet they could make of Boors, Cit●…ns, and Soldiers, 8000 able fight men, and that they would rather sacrifice their lives in defence of the city, then leave it to the Enemy for a prey; and the Imperialists themselves testify, that for all that which had been done hitherto, the Garrison and City would hear of no agreement; though they believed they would quickly change their minds, when they found their friends, for w●nt of ability, failing them; and themselves pinched with those miseries, which must necessarily fall upon them.  
The happy proceed of the Saxon, and Swedish forces in Silesia, and a flying report of Duke Bernhard, and Gustavus Horn their coming down (which was afterwards confirmed by the Dukes own letter●, directed to Count Thurn, and intercepted be the Imperialists) by this was brought to the Camp; and then the General's thinking it necessary to send some Auxiliaries to their Army in Bohemia and Silesia, (for a Currier which came post from thence, brought Letters which certified, that ●…lesse they did so, and did it speedily, all was lost) and ●…willing to have this Swedish Army come upon their backs▪ they intended to make short work of this siege, that so they might anticipate D. Bernhards' counsel, and after they had done here, make speed against the Saxon, and Brandeburgher, with a sufficient force to encounter them, though both their Armies should join together: and now, they play at all, their batteries are multiplied, their assaults more frequent, and resoluter, than they had been formerly; their fire morterers are employed, and Granades cast into the City, that so every way they might impeach it, and bring it to their subjection.  

The City assaulted on both sides.  About july 3.13. four Regiments at once assaulted the Earl of Thurne his quarter, behind and before, and forced him to retire from his Horne-worke, with the loss of 30 men which were ●laine out right, 10 Soldiers, 1 Captain, and 1 Lieutenant which were taken prisoners, and carried to the Camp; and on the other side of the City, the Bavarians set upon the Overwerth and Vnderwerth at once, and took the first, with the Sconce belonging to it, but were repulsed from the other, the Soldiers within behaving themselves manfully, to defend the Mills upon the Danuby, and building again by night, what was beaten down by the Canon in the day: 
Count Thurn in d●nger.  In the first assault it was reported, that Count Thurn himself was brought into captivity, but the relator was misadvised, it was his Lieutenant Colonel, not himself; who, though he was in such peril that he craved quarter, yet that being denied him, he escaped by flight, avoiding a great volley of shot, made after him by lying prostrate on the earth, and his captivity, by speedy rising, and running before the Enemy could well charge again. This was the day when the letters sent by D. Bernhard (as is formerly mentioned) were intercepted; and now they set all their instruments at work, a furious battery, which lasted the space of 2 whole days was the first course, and this being seconded by an assault, which lasted from morning till night, about july 8.18. wherein the Imperialists were beaten off, with the loss of 400 men; the Granades were set on work, and they from the City, with their hand Granades, and hot pitch, returned the like violence to the Camp; and thus they still continued, neither the imperials having as yet got any assurance of winning the City, nor the besieged of keeping it.  

The last assault  july 10.20. was the day which was indicatory, if not critical to the City; then the Imperial Army assaulted it on all sides, than the besieged shown their inclination and power of resistance. Blood was then spilt like water upon the earth; and the ammunition, hardly got, and dear purchased, was prodigally wasted and spent in smoke, nothing remained of their Saltpetre and brimstone, but an unsavoury fume, whose natural stench was increased by the ungrateful savours of dead carkeises, many of the beleaguered that day (if many may be extracted from few) being forced to pay the debt of mortality, and 4000 Imperialists buying the reputation of valiant men, with the loss of their lives.  
Courage, if it be not well ordered, is rashness; A true valiant man looketh not behind him to what is past, but about him, and before him, weigheth his business in the scale of wisdom, is confident while there is probability, not presumptuous, when he seethe impossibility; the Garrison and Citizens had for a long time behaved themselves in defence of the City stoutly, even to the admiration of the Imperialists, who had lost before it (by their own relation) 8000 men, slain upon the place, 6000 others who had run away, made 15000 Canon shot upon the town, cast above 2000 Granades into it, the most part whereof weighed severally 150 pound weight; and endured (if the figures be not misplaced) 465 several sallies from within the City. But now, the die was turned, the besieged wanted powder, and were not able to fight without weapons, they might sit down to eat, and drink (there was still in the City belly timber enough, 4000 simmers of corn, 2000 heads of cattles, 500 barrels of beer, 300 hogsheads of wine) but could not well imagine themselves able to hold out longer against the Imperialists, their powder being totally spent, to 700 pound weight; a small proportion, for so great opposition, and the City undermined in 7 several places, all which were likely with the touch of a March, to have been as so many several Gates to give the Imperialists entrance. The white flag was hereupon hung out, and after some few day's treaty, the City was surrendered upon these Honourable Articles (which express as much good nature in the young King of Hungary, as wisdom on the other side) concluded betwixt his Majesty the King of Hungary and Bohemia, etc. to the use of his Imperial Majesty King of the Romans, etc. and his princely Grace the Elector of Bavaria, etc. on the one side, and betwixt the Crown of Sweden; the Protestant confederates appointed General Major the Lord Kagge, and the rest of the Commanders; as also the City of Regensburg, the Chamberlain, Senate, and Citizens on the other side, as followeth.  

1. The City, as it now standeth, shall be surrendered unto his Majesty, the King of Hungary and Bohemia, to the use of his Imperial Majesty.  
2. All damage done, either to the Ecclesiastical or Civil persons, in the time of the two last sieges, whether in their buildings, goods movable, or , corn, cattles, or otherwise, shall totally be forgotten, nor shall any thing in lieu of it, be desired of the City, the Chamberlain, or Senate of the same.  
3. The City, Chamberlain, Senate, Citizens, Ministers, and Schoolmasters of either religion, shall not contrary to the conclusions at Passaw, and against the quality of either a religious, or profane peace, be pillaged or molested, but the City shall be left to her Imperial liberties, privileges, and old customs, free, safe, and without any hindrance.  
4. No other, but an Imperial Garrison shall be laid into the City, nor shall any other command there, but such an one as hath his immediate dependence upon his Imp: Ma.  
5. All Citizens, strangers, and inhabitants in the City, which have served under the Crown of Sweden, or the Confederate princes, shall in no sort be punished for it, nor shall any damage accrue to them thereby.  
6. If any Citizen, inhabitant, or stranger, Merchant, or other, which hath trafficked unto this City, shall desire to go forth with the Garrison, himself, and all that belong to him, shall have free leave so to do, without any impediment.  
7. All those of the Senate, all Officers, Ministers, Citizens, Inhabitants, Strangers, Widows, and Orphans, shall have liberty to departed free, and without hindrance, either in respect of Office, or pretence of common debt to the City, whatsoever it be, and as many as desire it, shall have a Pass, and Convoy, either by water or land; and if any Merchant or Chapman have occasion to abide still in the City for sale of his wares, he shall have two months assigned him to that purpose, and shall afterward enjoy the benesit of a Pass and Convoy, as well as they which depart away presently.  
8. The Soldiers, and all which belong unto them, their chief and inferior Officers of Horse and Foot, Masters of the Artillery, and others, shall march forth free, with displayed Ensigns, erected Standards, Trumpets sounding, D●… beating, high and low Arms Bullets in the mouth, and Pistols in the hand, with drawn Cocks, with bag and baggage, and whatsoever belonged unto them, they shall be conveyed to Newmarch; and from thence, without any hostile hindrance, shall have liberty to go towards Norimberg.  
9 It shall be permitted to the Garrison to carny along with them 6 pieces of Ordnance, 4 great ones, and 2 lesser, which themselves should choose, and they shall have 6 Wagons to carry their ammunition and other materials.  
10. Because there is great want of victuals in the Country, the Garrison shall have leave to take out of the City, as much as will suffice the Soldiers upon the way, and there they should be provided of all other necessaries.  
11. Provision shall he made for the sick, and maimed, certain ships shall be provided to carry them to Donawerth, and some officers of the garrison, shall be left at Regenspurg as Hostages, till the ships and Convoy shall return, who afterward shall be sent in safety to Donawerth.  
12. No officer, or soldier, who had served under the Crown of Sweden, or any of the confederate Protestant Princes, of what condition or quality soever he be, shall upon any pretence be stayed, for any space of time, or be compelled or enticed, by word or deed, to forsake his colours, and if any of them shall revolt, it shall be lawful for the Commanders of the Protestant Army, to punish him, either in life, or body at their discretion.  
13. If any officer, or soldier shall be found in the garrison, which hath served formerly under his Imperial Majesty, or the Elector of Bavaria, he shall not be attached for it, but remain still in the Company where he now is, and not be drawn out of the troops.  
14. If any sick or wounded soldier be found in the garrison, which cannot conveniently, and without prejudice of his health, be brought forth immediately, he, or they shall be left in the City, be well attended, and provided of necessaries, till his or their recovery, and then have a free pass to go to his, or their own Regiment, without any hindrance.  
15. None shall search the wagons, or carriages, appointed for the garrison, either by water, or land, not take any thing away from them upon any pretence, nor molest them for their customs.  
16. All prisoners on both sides shall be mutually set at liberty without ransom, and permitted to go to their Regiments; and all Citizens and inhabitants of the City of Regenspurg, which be arrested by the Imperialists, or Bavarians, and imprisoned to nomine, shall be set free without ransom, and suffered to return to their houses.  
17. This present day July 16.26. before night one gate shall be surrendered, namely the outmost gate, near the Eastgate, together with the Zuinger, and horneworke near it, and on the morrow, the other ports shall be surrendered, without any secret hidden fire in the gates, or in the city, and without further losing of time, all the contents of the concluded Articles, be performed.   
And now besides the promise made by the Camp, upon the dignity, word, and faith of his Majesty the King of Hungary, the Elector of Bavaria, and all the Cavaliers, that all these Articles, with all their clauses, right sense, and meaning, should be kept firm, constant, and without breach; for their more confirmation, there are 4. several copies drawn after one and the same form, one to be kept by his Majesty the King of Hungary, another by the Duke of Bavaria, a third by the garrison, and the fourth by the Chamberlain and Senate of the City; all which were subscribed by his Imperial Majesty's Councillor of war, Lord Chamberlain, Lieutenant General, and appointed Commander, the Lord Mathias Earl of Gallas, deputed for his Majesty the King of Hungary; by his Imperial Majesties and the Duke of Bavaria his Counsellor, Lord Chamberlain, master of the Artillery, and ammunition, and appointed Commander, the Lord Otto Henry Fugger, Earl of Kirchberg, and Weissenhorne, Knight of the golden fleece deputed for the Duke of Bavaria, the Lord General Major Lar Kaggen, and the Lord Hieronymus Bergen the governing Chamberlain of Regenspurg, for the City and garrison. Signed before, and within the City of Regenspurg. July 16.26. 1634.  
These were honourable terms wisely concluded, the Commanders being as careful of the City in their composition, as their Army, and faithfully performed, the King of Hungary showing no less justice in his action, than clemency in a willing yielding to all demands, as if he meant to win the hearts of the Germans, not their towns, and held it more glorious and sure, to overcome them with courtesy, then to conquer them with his sword. Questionless it is the more thriving way, and worketh powerfully upon the affection of men, to reduce them to a willing obedience, when cruelty and bloodthirstiness, harden them in rebellion, and obstinacy. The gracious proclamation, and pardon, granted by his Majesty the King of Hungary to the City is a full testimony of his goodness, and the letters testimonial subscribed by the Chamberlain and Senate of Regenspurg, sealed with the City seal, and given the General Major Kagge, before his departure is a witness beyond exception, of his wisdom, and valour, in managing the war, wherein he was especially trusted, the Copies of both which, we have here inserted, as followeth.  


The K. of Hung: Proclamation of pardon to the City.  WE Ferdinand the third by the grace of God, King of Hungary, Bohemia, etc. Make it known to all men generally, by these presents, That, whereas the Chamberlain, and Senate of the City of Regenspurg have again with all humility submitted themselves to his Imperial Majesty, as their natural Lord, and have promised to continue in all subjection, obedience, and devotion to his Imperial Majesty, (as it becometh the faithful subjects of the Empire, and the house of Austria) and have humbly requested, that we would be pleased to defend and protect them, with the Citizens, Ministers, and Officers, & that we would graciously pardon all misdemeanours, and behaviour, passed, since the taking of it by the Swedes, according to the Articles agreed upon; We as appointed high General by his Imperial Majesty, our most gracious, and loving father, and in the name of his Imperial Majesty, fully, and graciously forgive, and pardon the Chamberlain, Senate, and Citizens, and all which belong unto them their misbehaviour passed, and will so take them into the Imperial grace, favour, and protection, that the often mentioned his Imperial Majesty, and We also will protect, the aforesaid Chamberlain, and Senate, against all sorts of men in general, and every one in particular. For the better assurance whereof, we have subscribed to these presents, and sealed them, with our Royal hand, and privy signet. Dated in our head quarter at Brielen, July 16.26. in the year 1634. in the years of our reign over our Kingdom of Hungary the ninth, and of Bohemia the seventh.   

The Letters testimonial given to the General Major Kagge.  
WE the Chamberlain, and Senate of the Roman Imperial City of Regenspurg, make it known to all, and every one; That where as after the taking of our City, and departure of the Bavarian garrison, the Noble Lord Lar Kagge appointed general Major, and Commander by his Majesty the King of Sweden of ever blessed memory, was laid into this City, with 4. regiments of foot, and 200. Horse, as the chief Commander in the garrison, in the name of the Crown of Sweden, and the Protestant confederate Princes, by the Illustrious and high borne Prince, and Lord, the Lord Bernhard, Duke of Saxony, Gulick, Cleve, Bergk, etc. He, the said general Major after the City was beleagueted by his Majesty the King of Hungary his Army, and the Army of the Duke of Bavaria, behaved himself, as a careful, and faithful Commander, did as much in fortifying the City, as could be advised by humane wit, opposed himself stoutly in resistance, of the Assailants forces, feared no danger, spared no labour, day or night, but performed all duties required of abrave hardy and valiant soldier, the other Commanders, Officers, and Soldiers doing the like in their several charges, and places. But because we neither had assurance, nor intelligence, either by word or letter of relief, because our ammunition was wasted, even to a days spending, if we had been again assaulted, and for that the Enemy, had made all his preparations so ready, that he might easily and without resistance, again, and again attempt upon us, hereupon, and upon our declaration, consent, and request, He, being willing to spare the shedding of innocent blood, agreed with his Majesty, the King of Hungary, and the Duke of Bavaria upon honourable conditions, wherein respecting principally our good, and benefit of our Citizens, he gave no way to the impeachment of our privileges, immunities, and free exercise of religion, but concluded for us as happily, as we ourselves could have desired. F●… all which we acknowledge ourselves much bound to the General Major, all the Commanders, and Officers, and shall ever extol, their valour, wisdom and sincerity; In confirmation of the assurance whereof, we have given them these our letters testimonial, sealed with the seal of our City, Dated in Regenspurg, july 17.27. 1634.  
How excellent a thing is it, to be faithful in a matter of trust? What a sweet savour doth the name of an upright wise man leave behind him? True virtue needs no trumpet to blazon out her fame; The friends of a good man, unasked will load him with favours, and his enemies, though they gain only by his imperfections, and weaknesses, not by his ability, and wisdom, will admire his graces, extol his merit, shake the hand of love with him upon occasion, as the Imperialists in their ranks did with the garrison, when it went forth of this City, july 18.28.   
The Duke Bernhard, and the Field-marshal, seeing the apparent danger, whereunto they should expose their Army, if they should attempt upon the Leaguer, that being secured from hazard, by the many maeanders and windings of the trenches, thought it better to adventure upon some pieces of importance abroad, where there was probability of a proportionable gain, then to hazard all upon a doubtful battle, where there was no likelihood, but of loss. 
Landshut taken by assault.  Landshut, a City upon the Iser, built by Lodowick Duke of Bavaria, in the year 1208. famous for the excellent Architecture of the private houses, one goodly Church beyond all the rest, and the new palace of the Duke of Bavaria, was the first place they fell upon, after the taking in of the places abovenamed. 
Altringer slain.  Hither was Altringer, the Bavarian Field-marshal, sent with some troops to secure it, a man known to the world, for a prudent and wary, ●…ldier, but he in a battle being slain, with a shot through the head, his Army was routed, and the town laid open to invasion of the Evangelicall Army, who July 12.22. took it by assault, fired the Castle, and Suburbs, pillaged the City, and put as many as they found in Arms, to the Sword. 
Dingelfing, and Landaw yielded by composition.  Thence they passed down the river to Dingelfing, Landaw, both which yielded upon reasonable composition.  
I willingly omit the Actions of the Leaguer before Forchaim, and the untimely death of the Lord Vngnad, basely murdered by his own servant, as he was in the way thither, about the end of June; Let this one suffice for all, upon Tuesday July 15.25. when the funeral of the Lieutenant Colonel Frederick William Ebleben, who was slain before Forchaim, was kept at Norimberge, the Commander within conceiving that without doubt all the horsemen, would be commanded, to attend the procession, and honour the funeral rites at Norimberg, 
The Commander in Forcheim attempteth upon the Camp, ●nd is overreached in his own design.  he purposed with all his forces, to make a sally upon the trenches, and bring the remnant of the Army, which was left behjnde to utter ruin; This Counsel being either suspected, or discovered to the Fieldmarsht Cratz, he caused some Companies of horse, the same day, with their displayed colours, to march as towards Norimberge so openly, that the besieged might only have a sight of them, and no more; but then to wheel about again, when the Enemy could not perceive them, and place themselves in a convenient ambuscadoe, whence they might have opportunity to return with violence upon the backs of the Enemy, if he should adventure to sally forth upon the Army; It is a masterpiece to kill a man with his own weapon, and to overreach a contriving head, in his own way. The counterplot must in all circumstances answer the ground, if it fail in the least particular, it is probable to be defective in the total; and here, as the Fieldmarshall had cast it, all things fell out accordingly. The glimpse of the horsemen's march animated the garrison to the enterprise, they stayed but to Arm, and then fell so furiously, and pressed so hardly upon the Leaguer, that many of the Swedes were hurt, and wounded; but the horsemen quickly arose from the Ambush to their succour, and fell so close to their tackling, that they slew 130. of these adventurers, took some prisoners, and made the rest to take their heels; and now they keep close within their walls, they neither being forward to start out, nor the Fieldmarsh: to assault it, having determined not to undertake that course with those small forces (which were rather left to block it up then besiege it,) but to force it to yield, for want of necessaries, the river being cut off, as is related formerly, and he by this means having a hope to take it.  
About the same time the Captain of the Dragooners in Weyden a town of the upper Palatimate, understanding that the Imperial Commander Husman, by reason of the plague at Dachaw, was retired fro thence to one of his Farms, near Frawenburg: 
Colonel Husman and his family surprised▪  He and his Dragoniers, being then occasionally at Flossenburg, marched from thence by night, early in the morning surprised the Country house, took the Commander, and his wife and child, with a Countess of Guttensteine, his brother in law Colonel Klepping, the Jesuit Father Federle (who before that Weyden was taken in by the Swedes, had openly delivered in the pulpit, that the Lutherans deserved to be tied together in bundles, like birds upon a stick, and to be hanged) and all their servants, pillaged the farm, and brought the prisoners into Weyden, where they are close kept, and under a strict watch. And now having taken this short view of the actions in Bavaria, the upper Palatinate, and Alsatia, we will pause a while, before we are weary, in following the Evangelicall, and Imperial Armies, whose succeeding actions must now be referred to another discourse.   

The Actions of the King of Hungary, and D. of Bavaria, in Franconia and Bavaria; with the proceed of D. Bernhard Weymar, and Gustavus Horn, two principal Commanders for the Princes of the union there: Or, A Relation of what hath been done on both sides, since July 20. CAP. 3.  
WHen the K. of Hungary, after his victory at Ratisbone or Regensburg, had appointed a guard of 1000 men under the command of Col: Goltz to defend it (which Soldiers, as they writ from Franconia, July 29. were not then lodged in the City, but the Out. works, because of an infectious disease which reigned within, whereof there died daily ten or twelve persons) and the D. of Bavaria had laid the Regiment of the Colonel Comargo, who was slain before Regenspurgh, into Strawbingen, the King himself (it is said from Auspurg) July 28, went towards Passaw, his Lieutenant Gen: Gallas marched towards Bohemia with 11 Regiments, and the rest of the Imperial Army was conjoined with the Bavarian. And this report though it was at the first confirmed from diverse places, yet at last they all conclude generally, that both the King himself, and the Earl of Gallas, returned speedily towards Bavaria, intending to pursue their fortune which had been so favourable to them in those parts. His first design was against Donawerth, wherein the Lieutenant Colonel Termo lay and commanded. The manner of the Kings march thitherward, is thus expressed by Letters from Nordlingen, a city upon the borders of Wirtemberg, in the mid way betwixt Donawerth, and Bopffingen, distant from each about; Germane miles, who had it by relation of two Soldiers which ran away from the Imperialists, and came to Nordlingen, Aug. 5.15. two soldiers which were of the Field-Marshal Horns Life-Regiment, and had been taken prisoners by the Imperialists betwixt Moseburg and Landshut, when they had been kept in fetters by the space of certain days unransomed, and unexchanged, were constrained to take pay under Colonel Fugger, but yesterday morning, when the Imperialists were measuring out the Camp for the foot forces near the town of Rain (a place upon the Bavarian side of the Danubie, upon the Lech, almost opposite to Donawerth, and distant thence about two Germane miles) feigning as if they went to fetch wood to build their tents, came hither, and reported that the Imperial Horse 15000 strong, and the Infantry consisting of 20 Regiments, were within but little more than an hour's journey from Donawerth; that they had with them 60 pieces of Ordnance, & 2 fire morterers; A true relation, the like being reported from Auspurg Aug. 6.16. and made manifest by the consequence, which was the taking in of Donawerth Aug. 7.17 by composition but afterwards pillaged.  
From Donawerth the Imperial Army marched against Nordlingen, as appears by these Letters under-written.  
Weysenburg. Aug. 12.22.  
THe Enemy before Nordlingen goeth very slow to work, it is in a manner only blocked up, for the Imperialists cannot bring their Canons near the town, they within the City wherein the blue Regiment is lodged, so strenuously oppose them.  
And this Story was confirmed by 2 Letters from Bopffingen, and one from Franconia, the first whereof bearing date Aug. 13.23. is thus.  
THe Enemy assaulted the City of Nordlingen but few days since with some selected troops, thinking to surprise it unawares, but the Commander there is a brave Soldier, never had his eyes hurt with smoke, and by watchfulness prevented them. Hereupon the King of Hungary, with his whole Army marched before it, and hath battered it without intermission the space of 3 whole days. Now the besieged have need of present succour and relief, assoon as the Rhinegraves Army, which is expected hourly: some forces from the Bodensea, which the Field-marshal Horn hath sent for, and the Wirtembergers shall arrive, (all which may well be within these 2 days) than Duke Bernhard, who this day with the Foot-forces and Artillery is arrived here, and the Field-marshal Horn who was come with the Avantgard yesterday, are resolved to try their fortune, and to relieve the City, and to give battle to the Enemy.  
The second is thus:  
Assoon as the Enemy before Nordlingen heard of the coming of our forces, he dislodged from before it, and sent all his baggage towards Donawerth; It is reported that he standeth in battle array within 1 hours march of this place, that he hath called unto him the Commander Isolan, that he hath sent for those troops which were left about the Danubie, and the river of Lech, & the Commander john de Werth with his Horsemen. We never were so near the Enemy, as now.  
The last bearing date Aug. 17.27. is thus:  
Even now we receive Avisoes, that Duke Bernhard and Gustavus Horn assaulted the Enemy upon Friday last, Aug. 15.25 before Norlingen, and in the fury out off 2000 Imperial Curassiers The particulars we expect hereafter.  
They wrote from Auspurg, july 30. Aug. 9 the D. Bern: marched from thence over the Danubie, and the Field-marshal towards Landsperg and Gongaw, to have an eye upon the Enemy. And yet this division of these Commanders, exposed the Cities and Country of Franconia, and about the Danubie, to the spoil of the Imperial Army, 14 days the D. spent in strengthening his Army with new supplies, being forced for that purpose to raise the siege of Forcheim, and recall the Field-marshal Cratz from thence, to send for some other troops which lay in the lower Palatinat, the trained hands of Franconia and Wirtemberg, all which required time, and gave the Imperialists much advantage.  

The siege of Forcheim raised.  The Field-marshal Cratz as it is written from Franconia july 27. Aug. 6. had so ensconced himself, that he was secure from danger by assault of the Enemy, and brought the Garrison to that extremity, that they within were much scanted of victuals, and in such want of ammunition especially, that the Citizens were constrained to give them their Pewter dishes (as some prisoners reported) to make bullets, and began to speak of yielding by composition, but the sudden rising of the Camp eased them of these necessities, and brought much vexation to the neighbouring territory. During the time of the siege, as they of Norimberge not without joy delivered it, the ways were passable, the Country delivered from Boot-halers, and the price of food brought down to a reasonable rate; yet that siege was no sooner raised, but the Garrison straggled again abroad, pillaged the Country, till with in half a Germane League of Norimberge, burnt to ashes many Villages, which had not paid contribution in that time, as namely, Cros-r●…th, Klein-re●th, Lo●e, Malms-hoffe, Crafts-hoffe, Neun-hoffe, Hewltzberg, and Fa●h, omitting to do nothing there, which had a relish of hostile insolency.  
This was a time of sorrow and lamentation to all that Province, which longed for deliverance, but had not as yet strength to bring forth. The Imperial army ceased not from doing whatsoever might any way molest, or offend their adversaries. 
Hippolstein assaulted.  Upon Monday Aug. 3.13.130 Imperial Horse suddenly assaulted Hippolstein, beat down one of the Ramparts, broke open the outmost gate, & had thought to have plundered the town, 
Greding & Dietfurd plundered.  as before they had done at Greding, and Dietfurd, but the Citizens quickly betaking themselves to their Arms, and the hindrance by the drawbridge which was then taken up, did then frustrate that attempt, which is reported to have been performed the Thursday following. But that very Monday (though the fortune of war smiled a little upon the Evangelicall there) was more unfortunat to this party about Norimberge, 
A Swedish company of 25 Horse surprised  for them 25 Swedish Horsemen, going from thence to the Army, were suddenly set upon by 2 Imperiall-troopes, which being hidden in a thicket, sallied upon them in the way, slew some of them, and took all the rest prisoners, except the Captain, who alone with his wife escaped; 
15 Wagons loaden with Merchant's goods, taken by the Imperialists.  then 15 Wagons which came from Vlin and Nordlingen, loaden with Merchant's goods towards Norimberg, were surprised by 200 Imperial Horsemen, the Convoy for the most part slain or wounded, & all the Wagons but one, which was loaden with bedding, carried away towards Deversdorff, and little Abenberg.  
About the same time they of Forcheim sent out a party almost as far as the Imperial City of Winshaim, which burned Newstat a City in Franconia, upon the River of Aisch, Daxbach, and many other places; the Imperialists surprised Kaufforyern in Schwabenland, carried away the Garrison soldiers, which were about an hundred Foot, and 25 Horse, prisoners; plundered Ottingen, and Wendlingen; 
Onspach taken, & the Marquisate given to john de Werth.  and john de Werth the Bavarian, lately a prisoner, but then ransomed, took-in the City of Onspach, laid into it three Imperial Regiments for a Garrison, and was rewarded for his service with the honour of the Marquisate thereof, by the K. of Hungary, who in requital of his action, conferred that honour freely upon him.  
Barreuch, a City in the upper Palatinat, was assaulted by the Imperialists of Averbach by night, Aug. 5.15. but the Lieutenant Colonel that conducted this Army, and commanded in Averbach, lost himself there, being slain with many others which followed him, and so they were forced to return without any honourable achievement  
The City of Weyden in the upper Palatinat was twice assaulted by the forces in Amberg, Tershenrent, Partestein, and other places Friday 8.18. August especially, but then they were va●…ly ●…a●en off, and forced with great loss to return from whence they came.  
●otenberg an Imperial City upon the Ta●ber in ●…oma, was summoned Aug. 10. ●…. by the King's Army, and threatened, that if it would not surrender, they would put all both young and old to the sword, but the Citizens having received into the City 130 Swedes the day before, resolved to stand out to the last man; and on Monday morning about 7 of the clock, sallied forth with some selected Boors, whereof there were 600 in the town, cut off 6 of the Army, without the loss of one man, recovered 150 great cattles, which the Imperialists had got by pillage thereabouts: whereupon the Enemy the next day following departed thence.  
The Swedes at D●…gelspiell Aug. 12.22. under the command of Colonel Ros●, sallied out, took 100 prisoners, slew 200 men, and recovered the greatest part of the Cattles, Horse, and other booty, which the King's Army had gotten in Pranconia.  
Three or some days before, some Regiments of Horse and Foot were sent against Ger●…n●, an Imperial City in Schwabenland, in the frontier of the Dukedom of Wirtemberg, but few of them returned back and thereabout as they writ from Bopffingen, Aug. 13.23. in the space of two or three days, were flame outright above 1200 Imperialists, whereof many were hanged because of their insolencyes, and almost as many taken prisoners, the greatest part whereof were Officers, Lieutenants, Comets, and the like. To this estate matters were brought before the coming down of the Evangelicall armies, alter they were once divided; 
The taking of Landsh●…, and death of Altringer.  Turn we now back to the taking of Landsh●…, and death of the General Altringer, which though it be ●…ched before, yet because it is now more fully discovered by out latter intelligence, though it was first in time, may fitly be here inserted, and it is thus set down in a Letter out of D. Bernhards' Camp in Bavaria, july 26. Aug. 5. We were fully resolved, if it had been possible, to have relieved Ratisbone, but being herein disappointed, we marched towards Landshut, and came before it july 10.20. we hoped that the City would have yielded upon fair terms, but the Inhabitants were too confident of their own strength, which consisted of 3 new Regiments of Dragoniers, besides the ordinary Garrison, and relief by the Bavarian Field-marshal Aleringer, who appeared on the other side of the Iser, within a Canons shot of the City, and therefore refused to hearken unto any terms of composition, The Duke Bernhard hereupon assaulted the Castle, and Gustavus Horn the City, the walls whereof being battered, were broken down by violence of the Canon, and the breach entered by the Soldiers, who destroyed many in the fury, took prisoner the Commander Hinderson, a Lieutenant Colonel, and many other Officers of note, chase the remainder over the bridge, and through the Iser.  
The Bavarian General, which came to rescue the besieged, was himself so put to it, that he perceived no way of safety left him, but by flight, and this way he would have used, but his Army being routed, the bridge was thronged with clusters of men, and the passage so barricadoed with the crowd of his flying soldiers, that he was forced to leap into the stream, where the mortal shot of a musket overreached him, the watery Element did not cover his head, on which the bullet smote him so deadly, that thereon he died immediately.  
The Imperial Horse posted then with all speed towards Regensburg, being pursued by the Prince's forces no farther than Eckenmuhl, because the Foot could not easily pass the Laber  
The Citizens and Soldiers in Landshut spared no pains to defend the breach from invasion, thither they carried hay, straw, brush faggots, and the like fuel, which they kindled, thinking by that means to keep the Swedish Soldiers from scaling the walls, but the sire catching some houses near, quickly increased so violently, that the Castle and half the City was burned to the ground, while the other half became a prey to the Army.  
And now we return to see the passages of those 2. great Armies in Franconia, upon which the eyes of Germany are more specially fixed, the flower of the Empire, being set to play together, for no less a stake, than a large and goodly Country. Both parties are now busied in making up their Armies full, the Bavarians rejoined themselves with the imperials, from whom they were gone for a little space, to look homeward, upon the desolation of their own Province, and to avenge themselves as occasion offered itself, upon their enemy; The Spanish forces, 12000. strong, under the Cardinal Infants (who had stayed so long at Inspruck, to strengthen his Army, with the remnant of those which served lately under the D. of Feria, & some fresh Germans and Millainers) repaired to the Imperial colours at Nordlingen, Duke Bernhard, and the Fieldmarshall Horn, bring their Armies together, that so they might jointly oppose them. The first intention of the Evangelicall Commanders, was, to relieve the city of Nordlingen, which the King aimed at in the first place, and then to give battle to the whole Imperial party. The beginning of these enterprises was prosperous, for as it is written from Weysenburg; Colonel Plato, and the Lord of Hoffkirchen, having dispersed 500 Imperial Curiasseirs, which were set to keep the passage to the City, the Fieldm: Horn, brought in 300. Musquetiers, conferred with the Governor the L. Ebrahed Dacbitz, and the Citizens, and returned back, before the Imperial Arm● was ware, this was done August. 14.24. The Commander in the town encouraged by this new supply, the same night about 2. of the clock, sallied forth to assault one of the King's works, thinking to burn it, but the baskets and wood being green, would not take fire; and so miss this design; yet the next day about 3. of the clock in the afternoon, he sallied forth again, betwixt the Rimlinger, and Deininger gare, assaulted another battery, made of dry wood, so large, that 6. Canon's might be well planted upon it; chased the Imperialists out of the trenches, in which they lay insconsed thereabouts, slew some, and took 4. prisoners, and burned the battery to the ground.  
The City thus fortified, the Evangelicall Commanders make preparation to assault the Imperial army, the more encouraged hereunto, by their good success in many skirmishes, betwixt some Regiments of both Armies, wherein the Swedes had always the best, the alacrity of their own soldiers, which expressed a cheerful desire to fight, the multitude of prisoners they had lately taken, all which reported, that there was such a famine in the Imperial Camp, that a little loaf of bread was sold for 2. Rixdollars, that the sickness was very hot amongst them, that the Enemy was so far retired from Nordlingen, that he could scarf reach it with the Canon, that though it was reported, that the whole Imperial, Bavarian, and Italian Armies were 40000. strong, yet in truth they were not above 30000. for so it is written from Dunkelspiel Aug: 20.30. that when the roll of the Imperial Army was lately examined, it was found that above 3000. men had been lately lost; that the Hungarians would not fight, because john de Werth had opprobriously called them scurvy dogs, that they believed verily, that if the Imperial Army was put to it in earnest, they would not stand to it, because they wanted necessary provision, and ammunition, and the like; the truth of which appeareth for the most part, and the manner by the extract of a letter, written in the swedish camp, at the Imperial City of Bop●in●en, Aug. ●…. ●0. as followeth.  
When we had passed by Keipheim over the Danubie, the next day after in the afte●…on●, we matched by Gieng●n, who●e Duke Ear●hands Life guard, and the Chu●la●dis● Regiment, which had the Van, Aug: 10.20. defeated 6●0. of the Imperial Curi●ssi●rs, and took many prisoners, which related that the King's Army was in great perplexity, and that john de W●rth, with 7. Regiments, had made an invasion into Franconia.  
Hereupon a Council of war was called to advise, whether it was ●ot be●t in the absence of this Commander, to t●●e the advantage, and give present battle to the Enemy, but it being resolved on, that it was best first to secure the Country of Wi●tenberg, and then to Attach the Enemy, we marched the same evening to Heyde●heim a frontier City of the Dukedom, and thence the next day Aug: 11.21. Duke Bernh: marched betimes with the horse men, to Aw●en, where he eat off above 1000 straggling Imperialis, and took 300. prisoners, thither we also arrived at night, and the next day the Avantguard under the Fieldmarshall Horn arrived here at Bopsingen, took a passage (which opened the way to the Imperial City of Nordlingen) from the Crabats, Hungarians, and Pollacks which kept it, before the Duke Bernh: could reach hither, who came not to us till the next day, with the main body of the Army.  
The report of the prisoners, that john de Werth, with his 7. Regiments was not yet returned out of Franconi●, and that the Imperial Army was very weak, encouraged us not a little to put some thing to an adventure, and thereupon resolved to dislodge betimes the next morning Aug: 14.24. that we might take the high ground, which lay before us, and as occasion did present itself, fight with the Enemy.  
The day following Aug: 15.25. we stood betimes in the morning in battle array, when the Duke Bernhard, with the Avantguard, and some selected Musque●…rs, beat off the Hungarian●, and Crabats, from their station, upon the mentioned Hill, and became master of it. Hence we perceived that the Imperial army kept another passage near a little river, which runneth through the City of Nordlingen, but could not well discern how it stood, and with what conveniency we might pass that way. The Duke himself therefore advanced thitherward, with the right wing of his army, and chased the Imperialists headlong through the River; and then perceiving it to be dangerous to attempt any further that way, in the presence of the Enemy, they all concluded with one general vote, only how to secure the City of Nordlingen, to furnish it with more soldiers, and to advise the garrison, & citizens of their full intention, and thereupon we stood armed upon the passage, to hinder the Enemy, from marching over it, whiles the Fieldmarsh. Horn might go in safety to the City, which he did without hindrance, and aswell as could be wished. Below the City, some of the Enemy's troops, attempted to go over, but were encountered by the Lord of Hoffkirchen, who beat them back▪ and made them turn headlong through the River. By this the Fieldmarsh: Horn had relieved the City, and was upon his return, and then the Duke beginning to draw back his forces from the passage; the Enemy with all his Regiments of Crabats, Hungarian, and German Horsemen fell upon his Excellency's Rear, and forced the Duke himself to return, who thereupon assaulted them so furiously, that he put them to a confused flight, wherein many were slain, and more, out of all question, if the darkness of night had not suddenly hid them, had lost their lives. The Duke then sounded the retreat, and kept upon the passage till the dawning of the day; at which time he repaired to the Army, the which, whilst he would have lodged securely, john de Werth set upon him with 2. Squadrons, but was beaten back by his Life Regiment, whilst the rest of our Army were brought to their Quarter. In these skirmishes there was slain of the Imperial Army, and taken prisoners, above 3000. and many revolted, and came on our side.  
The forces from Wirtenberg, consisting of 500 men, with the Ranzovish Regiment, as also 600. horsemen, and 400. Dragooners are arrived here with Colonel Shaffelitzkie; we only expect the coming down of the Rhinegrave, with his troops, and then we intent to reassaile the Imperial army, with whom we are already so far engaged, that they must sight of necessity. The Wirtembergers deal with us both faithfully, and friendly, they spare not to send us store of provision, to the great encouragement of our army. Yesterday the Duke Beruh: caused a young Gentleman of Shonefeldt, to be hanged, who was sent by the Enemy to view our army, and yesterday the Swedish Commander at Wallerstein, slew 60. Imperialists, and the Commander in Giengen 50. and took many other prisoners. Thus much speaks this letter which shows the confederate princes in these attempts to have been till then, if not victorious, yet not unhappy.   

THE CONTINVANCE of the King of HUNGARIES' Story to be annexed to the former.  
BUt the fairest morning is quickly overcast, the wheel soon turneth about, and this fortune which smiled thus at the first aspect, almost in a moment changed his visage, to teach us, (may it be lawful for a Christian historian to make this application) not to trust to the arm of flesh, in these, and the like occurrences, but refer all to his discretion, and ordinance, which changeth the times and seasons at his pleasure, suffereth the brittle vessels of clay to be dashed in pieces, when they presume too much of their own temper.  
The outrages done by the Imperialists at Hochstatt in Swaben, if there had been nothing else, could not but move the Protestant Generals, to engage themselves in fight with the King's army that either by victory they might secure their friends from the like cruelties afterwards, or by the adventure, they might give a testimony of their zeal to the Country of which they had undertaken the protection. The bloody dealing of the Polakes, and Crabats sent by the Imperial Commander Isolani to Heckstat, to summon the City, is scarce credible, yet it is thus reported by letters from thence, July 21.31. The 12.22. of this month when this City was first summoned by some troops of Polakes, and Crabats, the inhabitants in general both Protestants and Catholics, ran to the Gates immediately to set them open, to the commanding soldiers. But the Crabats not staying the time while this might be done, cut down the gates, and furiously plundered the City from 9 in the morning, to 6. in the evening, torturing many of the inhabitants most barbarously. They ravished of the women, even to death; poured dunghill water, and vinegar into the thr●at● of seven men, and women, tied chains, and cords about their heads, and twisted them so hard, that they fell down dead upon the ground; some they hanged up by the privy members, sawed off the legs of some; rubbed off the flesh from the legs of others to the very bones, tied the arms of others backwards, and so hanged them up by those distorted parts, drew many through the streets of the City stark naked, beat and wounded them with axes and hammers, and generally used them with such barbarous cruelty, that every man begged to be shot, or slain instantly, rather than to live and be partaker of such misery. The Master of the Hospital they roasted alive, and sacked the City so miserably, that they spoilt what they could not carry away, as if their intention, was only for waste, and devastation. All the corn and provision of victuals, they took away with them, and left the place so bare, that many of the best rank for the space of 8. days after, saw not one bit of bread, but were glad to feed upon unripe fruit, and water, and yet, as if all this had been too little, they spoilt the inhabitants of their garments also, and exposed them to that nakedness, that neither man, woman, nor child had clothes to put on, but all went up and down, in their shirts and smocks, having nothing else to cover them. Thus writeth our discoverer. But this was not all, the Fieldmarshall Horn had given his word to the Commander in Nordlingen, to secure him, the King played fiercely upon the City, and it could not hold out, the Swedes must put forward, if they intent to stay the conquest, and on they went, though unfortunately, as will be more particularly discovered by what followeth. I find the battle expressed diversely, as the relators stood affected, the best relation is full of horror, both in the present fact and consequents, and have here set them down, that the readers may be fully informed of each particular.  
The first of these is set out by a Germane Catholic, and is titled Victory, etc.  

A True Relation, and as the same is delivered unto the Elector and Archbishop of Main●z, by his Noble Counsellor and Governor of Pri●…lar, Christoph Heinrich of Griesheim, Sept. 2.12. Concerning The great and glorious Victory which was obtained by His Majesty the King of Hungary and Sohemia, against the Swedes and their adherents near Nordlingen the 26 of Aug. the 6. of Sept. An. 1634. where the afore mentioned Governor himself was present.  
Illustrious Archbishop and Elector my Gracious Lord,  
THough both the Lieutenant General Earl of Gallas, and the Field-marshal Altringer pro●…ed to gratify my desire, in sending some auxiliary Regiments with me, yet I was forced to wait all this summer, from one week to another, till the day of the happy surrendering of the City of Regensburg; after the ●…ng whereof, I again desiring the afore 〈◊〉 inned Lieutenant Gen equal Gallas ●o 〈…〉, ●ee answered, that at the coming of the Italian forces, sufficient mean● would be to secure us: I therefore conferred about it with the Imperial Commissary Ossa, who desired me to go down with all speed, and 〈◊〉 sten the coming of some of our Regiments towards the P●ontiers of Alsa●ia, and then we could be succoured again by the Italians.  
Now in respect of the long and dangerous journey through Burgundy and Lorraine, I sent from Lindaw with consent and knowledge of the Colonel Vi●…th●mb a Trumpeter to Ravenspurg, to the Swedish General Major Colonel Shafflitzky my near kinsman, and desired of him a Pass to travail into Th●ringen to mine own, which he not only granted, but likewise suffered me to go first to Ulm and Goppingen: But when the aforesaid Colonel Shaffelitzkie came to the Duke Bern●ard of Saxon Weymar, and had there made mention of me, the Duke was some what displeased at it, and commanded him that he should bring me back again to him: He came to me just at that time, when I was taking Post, and called me back, but promised me by the faith of a Cavalier, that no harm should be done unto me, and the licence of ●asse which he had given me, should be faithfully observed; which was done according to his promise; & 〈◊〉 was not (as it was here rumoured) held as a pilso●…?  
A●…oone as I came into the Swedish Camp, about ●opssingen, the Field marshal Horn sent for m●t● 〈◊〉 and dine with him, and entertained me very honourably: but amongst other discourses he said, that we did long very much to come into the Country of Wirtemberge, and we had been about 〈◊〉 th●se ● year's, we should be patiented only, for the Children of Israel had wandered 40 years in the wilderness, before they came into Canaan. The next evening I was called again to supper, where the Duke Bernhard of Weymar spoke in this manner to me, Master Griesheim, how come you hither? whereupon I answered him, that he had graciously commanded it, else certainly I would not have come into the Camp, for my journey was for Thuringen: whereupon he said, that you knew how despised and hated you are, and can you think to come safely thither? Yes I answered, by the Pass which the General Major Shaffelitzkie had granted unto me; a little while after Duke Bernhard said, that three days ago he had caused a young Noble man to be hanged, which did come thither to descry the Camp: which discourse I did not like very well, notwithstanding the Field-marshal Horn, laughing, said, it was not spoken to me, my Pass should faithfully be kept; I must only expect, till this occasion was passed, and they might see what the issue thereof would be.  
Notwithstanding I remained somewhat perplexed, and the next morning following I made an humble supplication to his Excellency, and promised in it that I would sit still in Thuringen, if so be I could enjoy the liberty of mine own Religion; if a peace should be treated of therein, 〈…〉 do profitable service, being ●…inted with all the Counsellors in the Imperial and Catholic Electors and Princes Courts. In the mean time I would be quiet, and employ my service no further, hoping that I should be set at liberty. The Duke Bernhard of W●y ma●…●enie audience the space of an hour and a half hare headed, spoke about many things with me, especially about a peace, and made mention of the Duke of Freidland, saying, he would not have trusted him, and although he had come unto him: moreover he told me how much I was bound to his Electoral and Princely house, and yet I had been so zealous in the Imperial service; my Religion he would put unto mine own conscience, only he had ●work● remember, that in the time of Charles the Great, the Pope was only a Patriarch, like unto the Grecian Patriarch. He asked me how strong the Imperial and Bavarian Armies were, whereupon I told him, that the Imperial Army was at least effective 28000 strong, and the Italian 12000 complete; at which he laughed, and answered some what roughly, he did well enough perceive what I had yet in my heart, I should only tell it none of his men, because none of them would believe it: for both the Imperial and Bavarian Army were not above 9000 Horsemen, and 8000 Foot, and the Italian Army were likewise not so strong, and that the King of Hungary had done very ill to engage himself again with the siege before Nordlingen, he could not now well leave the siege with reputation, and if so be he intended to retire again, he would be very nimble to attend him. Further he told me, that the Elector of Tryer had done very ill in taking into his Fort the Frenchmen; he was verily persuaded that they would rather see the Swedes in it; for perhaps they 〈…〉 the Imperial Cou●… that the Swed● could so 〈◊〉 ●e go out of 〈◊〉.  
During this discourse the Swedish Weymarish H●…n● General the Lord of 〈…〉 hein cometh into the T●…, 〈◊〉 certifies, that ●is Co●…n the King of Hungary his Marshal of the Court the Lord of S●…b●ry des●…red to confer with him upon Cavallions P●…la, which was likewise done; and the Sweder reparted that their conference had been about a treaty of a peace: Moreover 〈…〉 said, that his Majesty the King of Hungary was very desirous to confer with the Duke Bernhard of Weyma● himself▪ But Duke Bernhard said always, Ye Papis●… never keep faith and promise, ye hold still to your old rule, Quod Herelicis non sit servand● sides, but I replied, if that were thus presupposed, than no treaty of peace could over be instituted; further I said that his Excellency know very well, that if on our side it could not be effected by the Germane forces, but must be done by the help and assistance of outlandish Potentates, than our dear native Country must still remain the miserable Theatre, whereupon all o●…er nations played their bloody Tragedies, and thus must needs come to an utter mine.  
The conclusion of all was, I must tarry and see how this occasion would fall out, if so be he obtained the victory, they would notwithstanding be ●…lined to a peace, for his part he never thought to keep the Bishoprich of Wertzburg, if so be any other satisfaction had been made unto him, and the contributions which were expressed by the imperialists in the Country, were 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 again by the Bishops of Wertzburg and Hamberg.   
Last Saturday was seven-night, the 22. of Aug. the 2. of Sept. the Italian forces arrived in the Imperial Camp, whereupon the City of Nordlingen was very hard battered with the Cannons, the besieged sent forth a Post, and desired succour else they could not longer hold out: the next day following being the 23 of Aug. the 2. of Septemb. the Swedes held counsel of war, 
Well advised, and perhaps it had been better if they had followed this counsel.  and it was concluded, that they should not fight, but rather lose Nordlingen, then endanger the common affairs of Germany, they should rather stay till the Rhinegrave with his troops was arrived. On Monday following, being the 24. of August. the 4. of Septemb. the Fieldmarshall Cratz, together with the General Major Kagge, and some Durlachish forces arrived not fare from the Swedish Army, whereupon Duke Bernhard took again the resolution to fight; On Tuesday, being the 25. of Aug. the 5. of Septemb. they conjoined their forces, and sent the Baggage somewhat back, and about Evening they advanced into the Valley under Goppingen, half a league from the Imperial Camp, whereupon I entreated and obtained it, that I might go to the Baggage, for if so be that any of the Imperialists should see me, they should not know, in what manner I had come hither; this day the Mechelburgish Regiment was defeated by the Crabats, and the half part of the Fieldmarshall Cratz his Baggage was plundered. This day was seven-night being the 26. of Aug. the 6. of Septemb. on the day of Zepherene Pope and Martyr, the Swedes very early before 6. of the clock assaulted the Imperial entrenched Army with great fury, obtained 2. Standards, and 2. Ensigns, together with some pieces of Ordnance, and took one of the Sconces in which the Vitzthombish and Limpachish Regiment took their lodging but to their small profit, for the Sconces were either undermined, or by themselves, in not looking well to the ammunition, were fired, and thus both the Regiments flew up into the air towards Heaven: the Imperialists had covered all their ordnances great and small, which were charged with hail or small shot, and when the Swedes came e some what nearer, they discharged and shot them off all at one time, which did incredible harm amongst them, and caused such a confusion, and made partitions amongst them like streets, in so much that our Currassiers assaulted them with all their force, and within the space of two hours, rather by the clear assistance of GOD, than by humane hands obtained the victory; on our side not many have been slain, For as the Swedes themselves confess, although one of their Regiments presented itself to fight, it was immediately assaulted by 6. Imperial Regiments, and ruinated. As for the horsemen, the Duke of Wirttenberg himself writes to his Officers, that 2000 of them were slain upon the very place: of the Foot-forces, few or none escaped, except those that remained about the Baggage, which took the horses from the wagons, and saved themselves upon them, the rest were either put to the sword or taken prisoners; and besides the Swedes, above 4000 Wirttenbergs of the trained band were put to the sword, the enemy's Ordnances, ammunition, and all their wagons together with Duke Bernhards' best goods were apprehended about Neressen: and they themselves confess, that they have lost above 4000 wagons, loaden with Baggage, provision, and ammunition; hence it may eastly be judged, how many 1000 horses our forces obtained. The whole Swedish Army together with the Wirttenbergs Boors was strong about 22000. men, of which some 1000 horsemen fled to the Coppinger Valley, where the Rhinegrave arrived, and conjoined his troops with them, and made up an Army of 5. or 6000. horsemen without Foot-forces, ordnances, Baggages, or ammunition, of which they nothing left; which way the same turned, and what end it took, with the pursuit after them, I do not know, for when I saw all soldiers to betake themselves to flight, I did the like, and the same night I came to the Fort of Shorendorff, in the Country of Wirttenberg, where the General Commissaries Offenburgers servant, and both the Commanders Tupadels and Obms wives were yet the same night fetched and carried to Strasburg, in so much that they are not confident to maintain that strong Fort.  
On Thursday in the morning, the relation was brought of those high officers that were slain and wounded, which I will relate not for certain, but as I have heard it. Duke Bernard of Weymar was shot through one of his arms, the Landtgrave John of Hessen, was wounded in his face and in his neck, and fled bloody to ulm, Field-marshal Horn is dead or taken prisoner, because he is not found amongst them. Field-marshal Cratz is dead, General Major Vitz dumb dead, General Major Kagge dead, Colonel Watchtmaister dead, which was very famous amongst them, Colonel Liebenstein dead, Colonel Lieutenant Grun dead, Colonel Lieutenant Willibardt dead. When I road forward on Thursday, I found the high ways towards Stutgard, full of fleeing soldiers and inhabitants. The Duke of Wirttenberg posted yet the some day in all haste towards Strasburg, all Noble and rich men followed him thither, the inhabitants ran out of the Cities, carrying only their children in their arms, with great lamentation and crying, and when I asked them, whither they intended to go, they answered, God knows it, we do not know whither to run in such a haste: they cried still woe and ever woe that the Swedes came into the Empire, afore we could treat with composition; now all goes to ruin: the Imperialists had behaved themselves very well in Shorendorff, but the Swedes now and the Counsel at Frankford had their moneys and goods, and would now departed and leave them in such a misery.  
Our Army doubtless possesseth now the most part of the Country of Wirttenberg, they find in it an incredible quantity of Corn and Wine, of which they have now more to drink, than they had fresh water to drink 10 days ago. The Field-marshal Horn himself spoke to me, that in the Country of Wirttenberg, 1500000 Commisse bread were baken for them, which will do now much good to the Imperial Army. Nordlingen must now needs surrender on discretion, in which are about 3000 horses which were brought thither from the Country to save them, of which our soldiers will make good booty, and the great quantity of corn that is in it, will serve for the victualling of Ingolstatt. In Augspurg is already great famine, they eat dogs and cats. The Granary of the City of ulm namely the Country of Wirttenberg is no so exhausted, that those Cities will be forced to creep to the Cross: all the Garrisons were taken out of all places about the Rhine, except Philipsburg, and the soldiers sent to the Swedish Army, and now they are massacred, and they themselves confess, that they cannot bring together again so many foot-forces to form a new Army. All this I have partly seen with mine own eyes, partly heard it of many chief men of their own, which I thought to relate accordingly. Thus this Catholic Gallant with a large preface of himself, writes gloriously of his own adventure, and the victory, adding something peradventure to the tale, which is delivered otherwise in the next discourse, which is as followeth.  

The Battle and bloody Encounter, which happened the 26. and 27. day of August; before the City of Nordlingen.  
WHereas by the long hoped surrendering of the Imperial City of Regenspurge, and the taking of many other places on the Danubie, the courage of the Imperialists was some what increased. The King of Hungary thereupon, after that he had likewise brought under his power the City of Donawerth, took an absolute resolution to march forward towards the country of Wittenberg, and there to refresh his halfe starved Army. Now whereas he thereupon marched against Nordlingen. pitched his camp before it, assaulted the said town with all his force, and likewise drew all his Spanish and Italian forces together. The Swedish forces in the mean time form their Camp about Bopffingen, expecting there the conjunction of the Rhinegravish, and Cratzish troops, as also the trained band out of the Palatinate and Swaben. But when in the mean time the Imperialists continued assaulting the aforesaid City more and more, and putting the besieged daily harder to it, and surrounded the city in such a manner that the Swedish forces feared that the Commander in it, although he had beaten off manfully diverse assaults, and done great harm to the enemy in his works with his continual sallying forth, would not be able to hold out longer, against so great force, which the enemy used before it. Here▪ upon they, after that the Cratzish troops, and some troops of the Swabish trained bands were arrived, resolved in God's name to approach nearer unto the enemy, & to try, whether they could get any advantage of him, or constrain him to abandon the siege And thereupon after a precedent deli●…ration, advanced the 26. day of this month in the ●…r noon towards the enemy. Where the Avan●g●a●d of our horsemen, before the Forest throrow w●i●h they must needs pass, lighted upon five tro●pes of the enemy's Currassiers, which they charged and put them to flight, and afterwards assaulted three Regiments of the enemy's horsemen in a valley, which they dispersed, put above a hundred to the Sword. Amongst which the Commander Aldobrundini, together with four Captains was slain, and obtained likewise 7. Standards. But because the Swedish foot forces with the Ordnances, by reason of the situation of the place, and the inconvenience of the narrow passage, could not march forward so speedily, & the evening drew night; the same day nothing more was attempted against the Imperialists by the Swedes which stayed behind in a village, and put their forces in battle array; yet at night they mastered one of the enemy's works, in which lay 300 musketeers, which they put to the sword: many likewise of the enemy's soldiers, which were hidden here and therein the Forest, they chased out of the same, and put them to the sword. In the mean time, the enemy on the right hand of the Hill planted his Ordnances, and put his foot forces in his entrenched camp in Battle array. Now when the next morning following, at the dawning of the day, the Swedes laboured to get up the Hill; they at last mastered an high ground on the left side, although somewhat lower than the enemy's ground was. Whereupon they could plant the Ordnances, and thus they visited one another with the Canons, the horsemen likewise making diverse encounters. In the mean time a part of the Swedish foot forces laboured to master a Sconce, in which the enemy had planted three Demicanons together with some small pieces, and did with them more harm to the Swedes, than the Swedes could do unto them, by reason they had the lower ground, after many sharp and bloody skirmishes, the Swedish forces did beat the enemy out of the said sconce. But being by reason of their improvidence, the powder that was present there happened on fire against all hope: the Swedish soldiers received not a small hurt by it; yea, such a harm, that they were forced to abandon the same again; and upon the fierce assaulting of the enemy, to retire again to the Swedlish army, that stood in battle array. Whereupon the enemy with his continual shooting out of his ordnances from his batteries, put the Swedes so hard to it, that after that they had lost a great many of their officers and soldiers, it was thought best of all to retire in good order a little way off from the hill, down into the valley, where they might be free a little of the force of the ememies' Canons.  
In the mean time 100 men of every Brigade or Regiment of foot with a good Officer, and horsemen adjoining on both sides were commanded to maitaine the place, where the Swedish stood, till under the favour of the same, they had gained a firm ground in the unlley, and then these that were left behind to maintain the place, might the better retire towards them. But the enemy perceiving their intent, commanded on the right side some Regiments of Crabats, and on the left side the Spanish forces to out off the passage from them which assaulted them, who were left to maintain the place so furiously, that by reason of the situation of the place, none could second the other, but fell into a confusion, and every one began to save himself as well as he could, and retire towards the woods. By which confusion, they lost together with the Ordnances, the most part of the Ensigns and Baggages. The enemy pursued after the fleeing Swedes with some 1000 Crabats; but because his Excellence the Rhinegrave Otto Ludwig with his forces was nigh at hand to conjoin with the Swedish forces, the Crabats retired, and put up the pursuit of the Swedish forces.  
What and how many of the Commanders, Officers, and Soldiers on the Swedish side were slain, we have not yet any certainty of it, except what we hear by the relation of some Officers and others that were taken prisoners by the enemy, and now released again, and by other intelligences we understand, that the Field-marshal Horn, together with the Field-marshal Cr●tz, the General Maior Rostein, the General Maior Shaffelitztry, and other high and under Officers are taken prisoners. The young Maronesse Frederick, the Lord of Cherolin, the Commander Shneidwind, which commanded as General Maior, Colonel Wettverger, and diverse other Officers were slain. The Lord of Hoff, Kirchen, and many others were wounded and hurt.  
After this unhappy accident, Duke Bernhard retired first to Constate, from thence to Heylbronne to recollect again the dispersed troops, where the Rhinegrave yet continueth, and formeth an Army to keep the enemy a little back, till the Swedish forces are rallyed, and then they will oppose the enemy with all their power.  
After the battle was ended, the enemy turned again towards Nordlinge●, and after that he had battered the same again very hard, the said Town was surrendered the next day following. Thus this battle is related diversely, and wherein the more probability of truth is set down, we can only discern by consequents, doubtless a great blow was then given to the Swedes.  
After so great a letting of blood, we have reason here to conclude this part of our History, and to give time and leave an●o the weakened party to recollect strength again. Therefore hoping to get both matters and encouragement for the continuation of these relations of German affairs, and to begin again here where now we break off; we will but slightly touch such actions as being befallen since the battle, may require the first place in the next book.  
They are contained in a letter written from Mentz the ●…. of Novemb. 1634. which saith thus much.  
Nordlingen being yielded unto the King of Hungary, he turned with the best part of his Army towards ulm, and summoned, or rather commanded, the same to yield. But upon an answer, whereby these of ulm, declared faithfully to stand to their word given to the united Princes and States. The King took his march into the Dukedom of Wirtemberg. There Lieutenant Colonel Gronway (of General Horn's Regiment) having been left to command the garrison in Geppingen, he with four Companies (being the garrison) entered into the King's service, and delivering that Town, was in recompense made Colonel.  
There was a Garrison also in Kirchei●…; an other reasonable strong Army which the Commander there (named Link) did likewise surrender to the King. This example was followed by all other Towns of that Country, they being (though wailed not fortified, and especially by the two Imperial Cities, Eslingen and Reutlingen. But Shorndorf, Ashberg, Aurach and other strong places and Castles, (being well provided with Garrisons and necessaries) doth both hold out and much annoy the enemy. All the open Country of that Dukedom hath been put under contribution, notwithstanding that all such goods (especially Corn and Wine) as was sound, hath been transported to Ingolstat, Brissach, Lindaw, and other places. And to express the cruelties there committed without respect of sex or condition, would require a whole Book.  
The Imperial Army came from thence before Heilbronne, and troubled the same with no ordnance but only with granadoes; in such manner; that at once there were put on fire and burned to the ground above 140. houses. Lieutenant Colonel Senger of Smidbergs Regiment, commanding in the City, being slain in a sally; The Magistrate began to hearken to, and correspond with Wolfgang Rudolf of Ossa, persuading the Inhabitants to forsake their own Soldiers: who, upon threatenings of the Magistrate and Burghers, were forced to make a composition with the imperialists, which was not better kept than that of Nordlingen, both garrisons being forced to serve under the King of Hungary. At Heilbren order is taken by the King to establish a Magazine, and to fortify the City. This being done, the Army was divided into three: Whereof the Spanish and Italian Army, commanded by the Insant Cardinal, marched directly by the Forest called Odenwals' towards Miltenberg, which they took, as likewise Ashaffenburg, both upon composition, but kept as the former. Thence they went on to Frieberg, and so past the Rhine: using in their march all possible hostility and eruelties. Five Imperial Regiments of Horse, and diverse Regiments of Crabats and Hungarians (commanded by Isolani) did conduct the said Army; by reason whereof these said light horses did infinitely trouble the ways and country about Francfort and Hanaw; The garrisons whereof (especially of Hanaw) have by frequent sallies often requited their unkindness. In Francfort commandeth General Major Vitzdumb, and Colonel Dewitz, who did command in Noralingen, and Colonel Forbus.  
The second Army (being Bavarian and Leaguish) is now commanded by the Duke of Lorraine, as General and marched from Hailbr●… into the Marquisat of Durlach, and into Alsatia, where▪ once the Rhinegrave O●ta Lewes was almost ●…en had ho not cast himself with his horse into the river. The said Duke having sent monitory letters to the City of Strasburg, and received thereupon a cold answer. He went back agains to Durlach, and there he yet remaineth, gathering contributions, and appointing some Rendyvous, as he doth likewise in Wirtenberg.  
The thirdand, pri●…pall Army of the King of Hungart, commanded under him, by Gall●… and Pice●lamini, passed into Fran●…, and took there partly by composition, partly by treasons, and partly by the revolt, of some Boors and other inhabitants, several places, especials E●…tenburg Master g●…thal, Onspach, ●uenfurt, Kitzing●…, the Town of Witzburg, and lately Swinefort. Although it was thought, that Army would go on directly against Bannier, or hinder him and the Lan●gr●… of H●ss●…, to join or to make any recto●…s and ●…deavo●…. Yet it is discovered, that the said a●…y inten d● to retur●…backe in to Wirtenb●rg, le●uing only Isola●… with the Hung●…ions and ●…aha●…in those pag●… especially in the Country of Fulds, 〈◊〉 second the garrisons left in the new reconquered places. Whether they intent to take their Winte qua●…ers, or to join agains into on● body with the Duke of Lorraine, and make ye● some no table ●…p●ise,, is novas yet known.  
Concerning the Swedish and Pro●…tant●imy, the said General Rhinegrave, having b●…ught his forces back towards Spire, he fell ●…ke and died at Spire, of a pestilent all feaves, ●n the 〈◊〉 of October last passed and in this pince did presently succ●…d the the old Rhinegrave Ott●e. Rhinegrave. john ●hilip being made his Lieu●…ant General, Colonel Canofsky General Major of the Horse, and Colonel Rantzow Major of the foot.  
Duke Bernhard hath kept a rendezvous, and the Army (both Officers and soldiers) have been sworn again to him. But whether these armies of the Rhine grave and the Dukes shall be joined, is not yet known.  
The army of General Bannier, having passed into Thuringia, hath been inquartered about Magdeburg, and Anhault, there to be refreshed; until some recrewtes be levied, which goeth so well forward, that that army is shortly to march again.  
Touching the Landgrave of Hessen, he hath order to 〈◊〉 if need be) either the Duke of Luneburg, or Duke Bernard, or Bannier. and he now hath marching diverstroups of horse, to follow the leaguish army, which the Intant Cardinal, with other Germane troops hath sent back under the Count of Mansfield: who seems to intent to ●ade the country about Mentz.  
The French are levying an army of Germans, which is to be commanded by the young Duke of Wirtenberg, who is now Lieutenant for the French King at Philipsburg: And Monsieur de la Force lies with an army of 20000 men, at and about Landaw; almost whole Alsatia and diverse other towns of the Rhine, and neighbouring countries, being in the French protection.  
Mean while the Elector of Saxony doth treat of a peace, his Deputies being with the Imperial Deputies still at Pirna. God grant a good and universal Peace; for 
Pax una Triumphis  
Inumeris potior.     

CHAP. 5. The actions of Otho Lodowick the Rhingrave.  
THe care of the Country about the Lake of Constance, was committed by the Princes of the union to the Rhingrave, who in discharge of that trust which was reposed in him, used all means possible to keep what they had, and to win upon the Imperialists; what was done by the forces under his command at Ratolfoes Cell is declared in a former history, where the siege of Renfelden a strong Fort upon the Rhine, five Germane miles from the famous University of Basell, was also mentioned, and yet but mentioned, because our intelligence was not then so full, as to bring it to a period; Now it is surrendered, and shall be the first thing we shall pitch upon in this discovery. Five months siege the Garrison and inhabitants there had endured with much extremity, while john Philip, brother to Otho Lodowick the Rhingrave lay before it with a little Army, the particulars whereof are remembered in the forenamed history; in the end Otho himself marched thither-wards in person, Aug. 1. intending briefly to finish this enterprise speedily, that he might the more conveniently join his forces which those of Saxon Weymar to oppose the King of Hungary who made havoc of the Protestant towns about the Danubie. 
A combat betwixt the Rhinegrave and the Bryssackers.  He then had been in the Dukedom of Wirtenberg to leavy new forces, and having sent 2000 fresh Musketeers to Rhinfelden; for the more dispatch, himself lodged one night with 40. horsemen only at Frybourg, within two Germane miles of Bryssac, from whence going the next day to the Leaguer, he was set upon by 50 Brissackers, who thought to have surprised him in his journey. But this experienced soldier suspecting what might peradventure, and afterwards came to pass, was prepared to battle, and with his retinue entered into combat with the assailants. The fight was long and sharp, the Brissackers were armed cap a pre, and pressed hard upon him, as if secure from danger because of their Armour: his horsemen were stout and well disciplined soldiers and knew how to come on, and give fire, to endamage their adversaries, and how to traverse their ground, and retire orderly for their own safety. A good while the battle lasted, and in the end, the victory fell to the Rhingrave, who slew 10. of these assailants outright, took 20 prisoners, yet had not one of his own men deadly, though he that scaped best was lightly wounded.  
Thence he posted with his prisoners back to Fribourg, and sent to the Camp, whence he heard that the City was in an agony, so distressed for want of victuals, that at all the prisoners related, they had nothing but what they got by stealth in the darkness of the night, and this was a great extremity; though yet was it more necessitated by relation of a Clerk of the band to Captain S●…mid●, a Commander in the Fort, who was taken as he was swimming down the Rhine with two Burgesses of the City, to look out for succours. His name was Theobald Frederick, borne in the Diocese of Altkirken; he was taken Aug. 7/17. and then made this relation. That for the space of 7. days before, there had been no bread in the City, that they had spent what could be made of Akorn●…, that the Commander Mercy had given all his horses for meat to the Garrison, only one excepted, to incite the other Commanders by his example to do the like, that amongst the whole troops, there were but 11. horses left, that the soldiers would be glad to have the Town surrendered or taken by assault, for they rather desired to dye valiantly, than be starved; that if they did not receive succour the next day at the farthest, the Commander would be forced to surrender, yet that he hoped to have good conditions, in respect that he before time had done a courtesy to the Rhingrave, and that there was no Ammunition left, except one barrel of powder. All this was truth, and the next day the Colonel Mercy sent a letter to the Rhingrave, in which he entreated him, that himself, his Officers and Soldiers, the Clergy, Citizens, and inhabitants, might freely departed without restraint or molestation, which was answered respectfully, and Aug. 9/19. articles of composition were signed in the Camp, and the Town surrendered accordingly; the tenor whereof followeth. Whereas the high borne Earl and Lord, the Lord john Philipsen, Wildt and Rhinegrave, Earl of Salm, Lord of Vlushingen, etc. General Major and Commander of the horse by order of the Crown of Sweden, and the confederate Princes, was humbly requested by the Noble and valiant Otho Ludolfen, and Captain jeande Seines, agents for the Noble and valiant Frantz Mercy, a Colonel of foot, and chief Commander in Rhinfelden, to grant him a fair quarter, and honourable terms of composition, in that the said Mercy had done nothing during this siege, which sorted not with the honour and dignity of a soldier. Hereupon he the said john Philipsen, etc. propounded, and the said Mercy accepted these conditions. 1 That the soldiers in garrison, should march out with swords at their sides, bag and baggage be safely conveied to Constance, & in the way be accommodated with necessaries, lodging, and victuals. 2 That at their departure they should not pillage the Citizens, nor Boors, nor receive any goods to carry them away privately, and for the performance of this Article, the Commander Mercy should give a caution upon the faith of a soldier. 3 The Clergy men shall enjoy the liberty of conscience in the free exercise of Religion, and not be troubled therefore, as in all places where there is the like toleration. 4 None of the soldiers shall be compelled to leave the Imperial Colours, and serve under the Crown of Sweden, or the Princes. 5 The Citizens shall have the same freedom in matter of Religion, which is granted to the Clergy, and their privileges shall be maintained. 6 The sick and wounded soldiers shall be left in Rhinfelden till they be recovered, and in the mean season be provided for, as if they served under the Rhinegrave. And lastly for the accomplishment of these conditions, the Commander Mercy shall this present day surrender the place, and all the Forts thereunto belonging, with all the pieces of Ordnance great and small, the ammunition and other provision to the Rhinegrave, if there were any secret mines, or hidden fire he should discover it, dealing sincerely in all points, as it becometh a Noble Soldier. Dated in the Camp before Rhinfelden, Aug. 9/19. 1634.  
During the time of this siege, nothing was done in Alsatia but what is expressed elsewhere, and would be in vain repeated; only the fortification of the Imperial small Town of Buckhorne is worth the recording, which in this time the Swedes so surrounded with water, and strengthened with walls and bulwarks, that it is now held impregnable, and that they built a ship there after the Holland fashion, which carrieth 22. pieces of Ordnance, to scour the Bodensea or Lake, and called it after the name of the Queen of Sweden, Christina; and that the garrison at their departure uncompelled (for herein the Rhine-grave observed the conditions propounded) voluntarily, and of their own accord took service under the Princes, the Commanders only and the Officers excepted. Assoon as he was gone, the garrisons in Lindaw, Brigents, Constance, and thereabout, as is written out of Schwaben, and the Bodensea, August 21/●…. had an enterprise against Buckhorne, but were defeated by the Lord Kanoffskye, who slew the most part of the cavalry dispersed the rest, took many Officers prisoners, and forced the Imperial Colonel Vitz-thumbe to leap into the water for safeguard of his life, where after he had endured by the space of an hour, or thereabouts, he got into a small ship, and so escaped.  
The neighbouring Cantons, whose union hath been kept inviolable for many ages, during this time fell into a difference, the Catholics disagreed with the Protestants about the march of the Infante, the one yielding him, the other denying his passage thorough the country, and about the Commander Kesselring, whom the Catholic Cantons had condemned to death, but the Protestants and the French King by his agents desired to have restored to the government of Torgaw, holding him worthy of that Province which the other did esteem him deservedly deprived of, for some pretended offence. The contention was so sharp, that two Diets were called to compose the grievance, the one by the Catholics, at Lucerne, the other by the Neutrals and Protestants, at Solethrane. At Lucerne these two questions were propounded, upon what grounds they should persuade the Protestant Cantons to keep the Swedes out of their defenced Towns; and how the strong Fort made by the French near the Rhine in the Grisons country, might be demolished; and at Solethrane, it was questioned whom they should make their General in the daily expected war, and concluded upon the Rhinegrave, whose faith or valour they did not doubt of, in redressing those injuries to which they saw themselves exposed, they are the words of my Relator, by the. Catholics confederation with the King of Spain.  
All this business in Switzerland, was only yet in conception, things were not yet brought to maturity, some hope of agreement was yet remaining, both parties were allied to two puissant Princes, the Protestants, to the French, who had commanded his agents to divide his pensions only to the Protestants, the other to the Catholic K. who as it is remembered formerly in the larger history, had made a special league with them; Otho Lodowicke was not yet called, to the assistance of the Protestants but engaged by order from the director General to stay at home, and join with the Duke of Saxon Weymar and the Feeld-marshall Horn, to oppose the Imperialists in the confines of Swaben, and Franconia, for the victorious proceeding of the King of Hungary, troubled the Peers, and Estates assembled at Francfordt, who as they writ from Frankford, August 28. September 7. willing to have the French their friend, concluded that the fort of Philipsburg should be surrendered to the King of France upon these conditions. 1. That the Governor therein should be a Prince of the Empire. 2. That the Garrison should make their oath of fealty to the King of France, the Crown of Sweden, and the Estates of Germany. 3. The Christian King should have possession of it during his life time only, and that at his death, it should return again to the Estates of the Empire; and in lieu thereof the King of France should maintain, to the advantage, and use of the Princes 10000 men; yet this was not all, Otho was presently enjoined to assist the other two forenamed Generals, but how he sped there, it is not here to be repeated, it is set down in the King of Hungaries' history.  
For conclusion of this Chapter, we have here set down the list of the Princes, assembled in the Diet either in person, or by proxy, they are thus marshaled by a French Discoverer. The Princes Frederick marquis of Baden. William Landgrave of Hessen, and Christian Count Palatine of Berken field. And Oxenstiern Rixe-Chancelcellour of the Crown of Sweden, Philip Maurice of Hanaw, Minsberg, William of Solius; Henry Volrad of Stolberg, john of Nassaw Sarbrug, and his brethren. Wolfgang Henry of Isamburg, and Philip Earnest of Isamburg. The Deputies of the Electoral Houses those of the Electoral House of the Prince Palatine, of the Palatine of the two Bridges. The Palatine of Lautreich. Those of the Electoral house of Saxony, of the Dukes of Cobourgh, and Isenach, of Sax-weymar, and Sax-Altenbourgh. Those of the Electoral house of Brandenburg, of the Dukes of Brandenbourg, Culmach, and Brandenburg Onolshack. The Agents of the other Princes which have place in this honourable assembly, the Agents of D. Frederick Vlrich of Brunswick. D. Augustus of Luneburg, of the D. of Wirtenberg, the Landgrave of Hessen cassel, the marquis of Baden, the Duke of Pomerania, the Bishop of Breme, the D. of Mechlinburg Gustraw, Schuerin, Christian and George Ariberth of Auhault, the Deputies of Silesia, of the Counts George Frederick of Hohenloe, and his brother. Of the Counts of Hanaw Dillembourg, and Hanaw Lichtenbourg, of john and james Counts of Eberstein Philip, and Lewes Emich, Counts of Leningben; Lewes Wolfgang Earnest, and Frederick Lewes Counts of Levenstein and Verten, and of Lewes Count of Erbach. The Deputies of the Nobility of Franconia, Swaben, the Rhine, and Weteraw, and to conclude the Agents or Burgesses of the confederate Cities of the four Circles of Swaben Franconia the Higher and Lower Rhine; to wit, the Burgesses of Strawsbourg, Norimberg, Spire, Frankford, Worms, ulme; Sweinford, and Ratisbone, though it is conceived that the last had not now any suffrage at this meeting.   

CHAP. 6. The actions of the Landgrave of Hessen, and D. of Lunenburgh.  
AFter the Battle with the army of the Catholic Leaguers under the command of Boninghausen the Lieutenant General, and the Field-marshal Gehlen, and the taking of Hamme: these two Princes May. 27/27, marched directly towards Munster, the chief city of Westphalia, situate upon the Amisis, or River of Eems, and distant from Ham (Northward) about sixteen English miles, to prosecute their victory. The estate of the Catholic army at that time the distractions of the Commanders, the hope of succours from the D. of Newburg, who was then mustering of Forces about Wermes-kircken, Linnep, and other places, the distress of Munster and the summons thereof, with the propositions made by the D. of Lunenburg, and the request of the Elector of Collen to the Lords estates of Holland, to take the Bishopric of Munster into their possession, to continue the Neutrality, and to send no succours to the Landgrave and Duke; put a full point to the discourse of these two Princes proceed in the supplement. The issue of the Leaguish hopes, the effects of the Embassage, the Military actions on both parts, and the Fortunes attending them, as fare as they have gone, and we have understood of them since, must be the subject of this relation.  
Philip of Mansfield, Generalissimo of the leaguish army, being come in person to Boon, May 25, june 4, was sent for thence with a strong convoy to come to Collen, to confer with the Elector, about relieving the army, which being hemmed in at Munster, by the Hassians and Luneburghers were as much necessitated by famine, as threatened by their enemy's sword. And here was no time for a long consultation, an expeditious action was the only means to rescue them; and to do this affectually, more power was required, than could be levied by the Leaguers instantly. Therefore the Earl who had a general Imperial Commission to leavy Forces (if occasion required) to oppose the Princes, and to call to the Catholics to assist him with their auxiliary powers, having given order to his Commissaries to muster up the soldiers enquartered about Hauff, upper cassel, and the places adjoining. 
Philip Earl Mansfield soliciteth the D. of Newburg to transmit his forces to the Catholic League.  Himself went in person to the Duke of Newburg, then at Dusseldorp, to desire him, to transmit his army which he had now ready into Westphalia, where being seconded by Augustine Spinola, a near Kinsman to the Archdutchesse her late General, who was come thither from Brussels to the same purpose; he spoke to the Duke to this effect, I come not to compliment, it neither suits with my vocation, a rough soldier brought up in the camp, not in the Court, nor can it be suffered by mine occasion, which requires my quick explication, and your speedy resolution. Your Highness cannot be ignorant of the miserable condition, not of Westphalia only, but all Germany, and the sacred Roman Empire. I cannot think of it myself without a sorrowful passion; nor can I conceive that any other, who hath not put on the Stoics stupidity can hear it without compassion.  
The enemies of the Roman Church and Empire, having made a confederation against his Imperial Majesty, his Catholic friends and Allies, do not only make their inroads into our territories, but strive to lay our dwellings waste and deprive us of our inheritance; and whether it was through our fear and sluggishness, or their courage and forwardness, I know not, their attempts against us have been so unfortunate to us that our armies have turned their backs to these enemies: the same troops which once were fed with the prey, and clothed with the spoil of these Adversaries, have lately been made a prey to them, and Victory which formerly attended the Roman Eagles, now waits upon their Standards, and hath taken up an Habitation in their Pavilions. I need not tell you, how since the first coming in of the Swedes, we have been encroached upon in Silesia, wasted in Franconia, ruined in Pomerania, and other places, by the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg, the D. of Saxon Weymar, and Otho the Rhinegrave, the Dukes of Mecklenburg, and the united forces of these Swedish strangers: It is too well known to the Christian world, I wish it never had been published in Gath, or Askelon among the Turks and Mahometan Haggarenes. But in these regions, myself had no particular engagement, I am only bound to pity their deplorable condition, nor to give account of them. Let them answer for it, to whose custody they were deputed. Westphalia is my particular Province, committed to my trust, as well by his Sacred Imperial Majesty, as the Spiritual Lords, the Electors and Princes of the catholic League. For the defence of this Country; I shall willingly hazard mine own person, and employ my forces, not doubting of the best assistance of my Catholic friends, (whereof your Highness is not the least) who professing with me one and the same religion, cannot (in probability) be divided from me in affection. And now by the file of my discourse, you may easily perceive the intent of my coming hither, not to before a formal visitation, but the transmission of your army to our Leaguish forces, who being much distressed at this present, might themselves soon be relieved, by the coming in of your auxiliaries, and the Bishoprics of Paderhorne, and Isnabrug lately lost by us, and gained by the Swedes and Hassians, peradventure be happily recovered. I have said, and now expect a quick and effectual answer, without delay or denial, if not in political respect of your own conservation; for assure yourself in this Neutrality, whether we stand or fall, you cannot be safe; yet in respect of piety, for I know your Highness to be no Meroziris, and would not be liable to the curse of the Angel, for not going forth to the battle which is for the propagation and defence of our Catholic Religion.  
This was the speech of the Count Philip to the Duke, who after a short pause thus replied. 
The Duke of Newburg answer,  I am too well acquainted with the sad history of this bleeding country, where every gash which hath been made by the sword of the enemy cryeth louder than the mouth of a Lazer by the way begging relief, 〈◊〉 more moveingly; then the tongue of an elegant Orator can pers●…ade. I should long ere this willingly have given my helping hand, to extinguish that Flame, were not mine own Dominions, in perpetual danger of combustion. But compassion must not r●…e, but be governed with discretion; and wisdom first looketh that all be well at home, before she engageth herself in any foreign adventure. What you would persuade me unto by policy, and piety, experience and reason dissuade me from: The extremities which a neighbour Prince, the Bishop of Wirtzburg, lately suffered, by conjoining his forces with the Imperial, when in providence he should have kept them for conservation of his own estate, may teach all after ages to stand upon their own guard, and not to weaken themselves, to support a Confederate; it was not the titular dignity of the Duke of Franconia, nor his defenced City fortified with ditches, walls, and bulwarks, nor his (supposed impregnable) Castle, that could secure him against foreign invasion, so long as his soldiers continued with him, he was free from danger, but their absence disarmed him, and exposed him to that misery, which strait pursued him eagerly, and overtook him speedily. I have resolved, from this precedent, to ward close, and not to lie open, when I may prevent it; if unexpected mischief attend this resolution, it is but in doubtful expectation: time, friends, and means may make my peace; which I am certain would belost by (your advised) alteration. And yet I would have my policy to serve, not overrule my piety, and may they sow wheat, and reap briars, which will not go forth to the battle of the Lord with the mighty, if it be required by necessity, and may be done with safety: but the first condition of these (I hope) is not yours, the last (I am sure) is not mine: my Country is little, and not so populous as thence to raise two Armies, one to attend you, and another to guard it, and if I could raise them, I have not means to keep them, it being no fit season to plant, or sow, or reap, during the time of such warlike preparation. I must conclude, I speak it sorrowfully, I cannot, I speak it positively, I will not herein condescend to your desire; My good wishes shall go along with you; may the stars from Heaven fight for you, may the stars fight in their courses against the Enemies of the Roman Church, and Empire, but mine Army, I must, and will keep at home, for mine own conservation.  
The Duke of Luneburgh was all this while before Munster with 8000. horse, and 7000. foot, which were increased with 5000. Hollanders, under the command of Pinsen, 
Colonel Pinsen joined to the Duke of Lunenb. at Munster.  who having first taken his oath of faithfulness to the Lants-grave of Hessen was advanced by him, to the office of his Lieutenant General, while his Excellency at Franckefort negotiates himself, with good success, in the friendly correspondence and agreement of the Circle of the Lower Saxony, and the rest of the Circles at the Diet there.  
The time thus spent was not lost; His recess from the Army was not frivolous, it had been vain either for himself, or the other Princes, to have fought abroad in the General cause, if there had been dissension at home: But by his endeavours the Evangelicall States, were accorded at Frankford, and an universal hope of prosperous success in the war, was conceived to follow this union.  
At Munster, the Duke of Luneburg rested without doing any thing till the sour days, the time set down, for the City's answer to his propositions was expired; and then finding that the Articles were not accepted (as in all probability they would not) the strength which was left of the Leaguish Army, being then in and about that place, and the City flattering itself, that the States of Holland would take it into their protection, (as they had vainly desired) and knowing the wants of provisions which they within suffered, as also the differences betwixt the Clergy and lay-citizens; the Clergy being much offended, that the remnant of Boninghaush and Geleens forces was to be maintained, at their sole charge, thought that this City would not long hold out, and therefore first attempted by battery, to shake it, and afterwards by blocking up the passages, and cutting off their carriages, and convoys of victuals to starve it, himself in the mean time not being careless to provide food for his Camp, without which the soldiers would have as small courage to go on, as ability of body to do him service: Famine began to show his deformed meagred visage quickly within, the public Magazine was not so stored, as to afford every man his proportion, and those private men which had stored up any thing more than need required, sold what they could spare at an excessive rate; cheese, stockfish, and oats by the eighth of june were amounted to u quadruple piece of what they were before. 
Rashfeld and L'Eremite routed.  In this distress, two Imperial Colonels, Rashfeld, and L'Eremite assayed with three Regiments to break thorough the Hassian Army, and so deliver themselves from that lingering necessity. And the issue partly answered the Attempt, present death acquitted them of their fear, of languishing misery, which is a worse evil, than a speedy ruin. They knew, that they must pass the pikes, and fight before they could pass the Army, and had no hope of victory, but by a tumultuous conflict to purchase their own liberty, and fight they did valiantly, though unfortunately. The Hassians who expected such an adventure, stood in Battalia, and notice being given them, by their Sentinels, of the coming on of these Colonels, they entertained them so roughly, that with the loss of seven Standards, the most of them lost their lives, upon their hope of liberty, they two Commanders only, and some few horsemen escaping, to report the death of the soldiers to their friends at Collen.  
This beginning put a good hope into the friends of the Evangelicall General, that the City could not long hold out, but would certainly be quickly taken in without much time, or labour. But the accidents in war are most uncertain, the events here do not always suit themselves to man's hope or desire: the same fate which waited upon the Roman Consul Metellus, in the Spanish war against Sectorius, seemed to attend the Lanenburger at Munster. The Roman presumed to take the City of the Lagobietes, within five days the Roman, unfurnished of provision for his Army, sent out a strong party to fetch in forage for his horses, and food for his men, but they being surprised by the vigilancy and valour of Sectorius, he was constrained to raise the siege, and this General himself conceiving, that this City would quickly submit, being thus necessitated, to relieve his own Army, 
Welfer the Hassian Ritmaster surprised by the garrison, at W●rendorff, and 40. wagons of victuals taken from him  he sent out the Rittmaster Gechard Welfer, to fetch in provisions, but he in his return with 40. wagons, laden with victuals, being surprised by the Imperial garrison at Warendoff, and the food intended for the Hassian and Luneburgish Army carried thither; the Duke in the end was forced also to rise from Munster, and leave it; dividing his Army for a time to several expeditions, one to be employed abroad, and the other to continue yet, and wait upon the Leaguish Army, which would not be drawn from under the Cannons, though there was fair occasion offered to fight.  
The surprisal of the Hassian Riemaster was partly recompensed by the State's forces in the Netherlands, who being advertised of the return of Augustine Spin●la from Dusseldorp to Bru●ells, set upon his Convoy, defeated them, and carried away 80. good Horse●. And yet as if this bad been too little to repaite the Hessish honours, as not done by themselves but their confederates, or to make amends for their loss, this prize being no way equal to the others; the fortune of war, twice gave them opportunity to avenge themselves, which they both times apprehended quickly, and prosecuted happily. The one was thus.  

Paul Dawben taken prisoner by an Hassian Ritmaster.  Baltazar Rudiger, an Hassian Ritmaster, having conveyed some goods from Pader●…rne in Westphalia, to cassel, (a prime City in Hessen land) as he was coming back, light upon Paul Da●ben, an Imperial Lieutenant Colonel, with whom he encoun●ted, and the fight was not long ere Dauben himself was taken prisoner, his Standard-bearer and many others of that regiment slain, and the rest so dispersed, that they will scarce piece together again.  
Another thus. L'Eremite, the Colonel, after he had a little breathed himself at Collen, accompanied with the Commanders Lohh, and Shartzenburg, and attended with then Regiments, posted from thence into Saverland, where he intended to repair his forces, 
L'Eremite joh. & Shwarzenburgh defeated by the Earl of Eberstein.  and having made up his Companies to follow his former intentions against the Hassian Army, his coming thither, and his counsel was revealed to the Earl of Eberstein, than Commander under the Landgrave in cassel, and he not deserting time, having mustered up his forces, sought after them, and found them near Medenbach in the County of Waldecke. His expedition was so speeds, that his Infantry was a great way behind the Horse, when he first discovered them, and yet he set upon them with his weatie Horsemen (which had been ranging over the Mountains there about, and almost tired themselves before they could spy out their enemy) with such courage and resolution, that he routed them totally, and followed them in execution, till night had drawn a black curtain over them, and the fainting Horses could not longer follow them. Whether through haste, misinformation or modesty, this defeature is but slenderly reported from them of Medebach, who by letters bearing date June 23/23. the next day alter this conflict, report only of the gaining of 200 Horses by the Hassians, the taking of diverse prisoners, amongst whom was the Leaguish Ritmaster Waldecker, and the winning of 4 or 5 Corne●s. They of Collen, who are more sensible of the lo●e, and were spectators of the Gallantry of these Cavalli●… at their going from thence, and eye-witnesses of their miserable return, which was Tune 12/2●. relate it though briefly, yet more fully. These are the few words they deliver this story in. Last night arrived here the Colonel's L'Eremite, Shwartzenburgh, and Loh, very poorly, with 25 Horsemen, which were all that escaped in the last encounter with the Hessish forces in Saverland: a great hindrance to Count Philip his levies, for the Soldiers are hereby much disheartened: 60 Horsemen are already fled to the Enemy, and it is believed more will follow. Thus this misfortune of these Catholic Soldiers is described by them shortly, I will not stand to enlarge it, which neither love to do it, nor would be thought to have a delight in insulting over misery. These two defeats given by the Hassians to the Leaguish, might stand for a sufficient requital of the loss which they sustained by the Garrison of Warendorp, in surprising of their Convoy of victuals: yet a third occasion presented itself, to make them the more full amends, which they neglected not, to their own advantage, and much hurt to the Enemy. An Imperial convoy was going out of Westphalia to Collen, with 40. Lasts of corn, some hundreds of men were appointed to guard and secure it from the Luneburghers' fingers. But they by their scowts being informed thereof, made after them presently, overtook them in the way, beat the convoy, and carried away the provision, to the supplying their own wants, and disfurnishing of their adversaries. And thus by the beginning of july (the time wherein this last action was done) they had again recovered the damage, and restored their honour (if it had been any way impaired by the misfortune of the Ritmaster Gerard Welfer.)  
But the seizure made upon the convoy, much availed the besieged in Munster, where the Luncherger proceeded not in that rigid manner afterward as he had done formerly. The camp wanted victuals, and so greats body as an Army of 20000 men, could not, be sustained with that little which was left; the General therefore held it fit to dispatch away a part of his Army to a more convenient place, where the Horses might find pasture, and themselves take repast, and with the other to stay before the City, and expect the issuing out of Boninghausen from under the Canons, with whom he had a desire to meet in open champagni: and though his course was prosperous the one way, yet it was not so fruitful the other: for the Leaguish Commander durst not yet put his fortune to the Hazard, which he knew was safe while he lodged under the Ordnance at Munster, but was questionable if he attempted to range abroad. Once indeed he endeavoured to break thorough the Leagner, but being driven back to his former Hold, till the Army was quite risen from thence, he held it no part of wisdom to undertake the like adventure. The forces employed abroad, sped better. 
Ludinghausen taken by assault.  Upon Whitsunday May 25. june 4. they left the Camp, and sat down before the strong Fort of Ludinghansen, where after a few hours the Town was taken, and the Fort of Fishering adjoining unto it, the Castle only, wherein the Imperial Soldiers lay, still held out, whether incited thereunto by expectation of relief, or trusting to the strength of the place, the Hold therefore was first battered by the Hassians, with 4 pieces of Ordnance, by the space of two days, and then taken by assault May 29. june 8. when all the Soldiers within were put to the sword, and the Hassians much comforted, by finding much of that provision which was taken from the Convoy, the Warrendorffers having sent part of it to this Fort, (such piety is amongst Soldiers) to the sustentation of this Garrison.  
This design proceeding thus happily, the Generals advised that four men should be selected out of each company in the Army to march against Limburg upon the Leghne, 
Limgburg forsaken by Went, and burned.  where the Imperial Commander Went, (unfurnished of victuals for a siege) lay with his troops to keep it, if yet, we may believe that he lay  the preservation of the Fort. Who not staying the coming of his enemy, confirmed the place by fire.  
This desolation thus happening at Limburg and Boninghansen, being not to be drawn into the field, there was a counsel of war called in the Protestant Army at Munster, and a consultation held about the next expedition. Some of the Colonels propounded a march over the River of Lip into Saverland, to prevent the Leaguish attempts there but the major part concluding it more necessary and honourable, first to take in the other Towns in the Bishopric of Munster, 
Borkem besieged and taken by composition.  the D. of Luneburgh and the Lieutenant General Pinsen marched directly against Borkem, where the Commander Neginger lay with a Garrison of 800 old Soldiers; Milander in the mean time watching about Warendorp to prevent the excursions of the Imperial Soldiers there. At Borkem the batteries being raised june 11/21. they played upon the Town the whole day, with 4 whole Canons, and the Soldiers replied to the Camp in the same language, showing their strength consisted not so much in their walls and Bulwarks, as wills and valour. The next day many Granades, and fireworks were thrown out of the Camp, into the Town, and the Swedes toward evening began to assault it but were repulsed by the resolute Imperialists within. The Army for all this, was not daunted, here they had pitched, and hence they would not departed, they again renewed their Batteries, made their approaches, and omitted nothing which was required for the effecting of their design; the besieged seeing how the Camp was bend to the business, for 3 or 4 days made as much preparation for their defence, as the other did to offend them; but than whether enforced thereunto by necessity, or persuaded by reason (it is not yet come to our understanding) they yielded the Town to the Swedes upon this composition, that the whole Garrison should march out, with their full Arms and Baggage, and be conveyed to Keyserswerth; and thence to pass the Rhine all which was faithfully performed, save only the stay of the Garrison at Keyserswerth, which should not have abode there, but passed further, as it is thought they would, had they not been commanded to the contrary by the Generalissimo, who perceiving the Duke of Luneburg, Milander, and Pinsen jointly and directly marching thitherward, placed these Soldiers as praesidiaries there, to defend that City, if these Commanders should attempt to take it.  
This action at Borkem, gave Boninghausen an occasion to escape the pursuit of the Hassians; for he seeing the coast clear about Munster, stood not to dispute the case, whether it were fittest for him to abide still in the Bishopric, or to go whilst he might to his friends at Collen, 
Boninghausen e●capeth to Collen.  but with his 10 Regiments of Horse which were left, the number whereof was about 2500. the medietie of what they were formerly, made such haste towards Collen, that for the space of 12 hours, they lighted not from their horses, and were fain to leave many wagons, and 200 horses behind him. A speedy flight, they only stayed to bait their Horses a little in the Corn before Wipperfurde.  
But this flight preserved him; Grasse-Divell the Imperial Commander in the Bishopric, by a little time of abode there, met with a mischief which Boninghausen thus avoided, 
Grasse-Devill defeated by Geise.  Geise and Hassian Commander understanding that this Imperial Gallant abode in the Diocese of Padorborne, and not fare from the Episcopal Sea, with 500 horsemen, mustered up immediately 150 musketeers, and 120 horse, experienced Soldiers, and marched directly towards him. He met him quickly, just at the Town's end, where he had billeted his men, as he was going from thence: and here began the skirmish; the Imperialists outwent him in number, his forces only excelled them in hardiness, and well practised discipline. The Imperialists seeing the odds betwixt themselves, and their adversaries, went on bravely, and their Dragoones at the first, gave a fierce charge upon his Musketeers, who, attending till the storm had spent itself, and getting a little advantage by their enemy's carelessness, returned their pellets amongst them like an Hayle-storme; the fury whereof dis-ranked the horse, and brought them to a confused flight. The Hassian Horse, as well instructed to use, as to get a victory, slipped not this advantage, they made after them with all speed, and in the flight of the Enemy, took 22 prisoners, amongst whom was one Lieutenant Colonel, two Sergeant majors, and one Captain; slew about 30 men outright, wounded many others, themselves all this while having but one mortally hurt, and that with a shot, an invisible dart, not to be discovered, till it be felt, and so not to be avoided. God's blessing (questionless) protected them, for had not he covered their heads in the day of this battle, the issue had been desperate, which by his assistance was thus fortunate.  
Here I would stay my pen, (for I mean not yet to follow the Landgrave, who went from the Diet to his Army, july 7/17, and the duke of Lunenburgh towards the Rhine, but that Hildesheim in Brunswicke-land not so famous, either for antiquity, or the famous Temple there, the Tower whereof (if Hondius his report be truth) is covered with gold, or the Episcopal Sea, or that it was the native Country of Ludulphus Coloniensis, that excellent Mathematician as the great opposition these six months made against the Swedes deserves and requireth not to be forgotten.  
They which know the miseries of war, can better conceive than I can express, what extremities this place during the time of this siege hath endured. The time for ever since it first began, hath been a time of anguish and sorrow, affrights from without, and fears within, have still prosecuted the Inhabitants, that their time of repose hath been nothing else, but a tumultuary dream; if they found any rest, it was afearefull one; the rest from their trades and occupations, whereby they should get their living. They which had any relation to them, in this distress, could not but show some tokens of their commiseration, and their Allies about june 1●/21, in this consideration did their best to secure them. The event of that attempt, shall conclude this Chapter. 
The Imperialists attempring to relieve Hilde sheim defeated.  The Camp before the City was conceived to be much weakened; as well because it was thought to be much wasted before this city, as also because of the absence of the Commissary General Anderson, who was reputed then not to have returned to the Army, because he had lately gone from thence. Hereupon the Imperialists which were about the River of Weser conjoined their forces, intending to surprise the Brunswickers in their quarters, before they were ware. But the Commissary, who was no Carpet Knight, and went from the Leaguer not to follow his pleasures, but had an eye to the main still, had already brought to the Armiefoure fresh Regiments, and was himself in person present at that time, though they supposed him absent. To his Quarter, their Fortune, and way led them, where they shown as much bravery in their loss, as he in his Victory. The assault was so furious, and their sudden coming so terrible, that the Bruswickers hopes had failed them, had not the Courage of their Leader something quickened them. But he breaking out like sire coped up in a watery cloud, with more imperiousness, at that time again reanimated his men to fight. And now behold another storm falleth violently upon the besiegers, the Garrison sallied out to the succour of their friends, and renewed a Combat that was not ended but with the deaths of many of both parties. The Brunswick General Mayor, was here in danger to have been taken, a Lieutenant Colonel had caught him in his arms, and was carrying him into the City, when his soldiers enraged at that disaster, and scorning this affront, as they conceived, not prising their lives, as their Glory sell upon them so desperately, as if their own liver had been too small a ransom for his liberty. Armed with this resolution, they recovered the Commander, & with a gr●… s●…ughter of the besieged, drove them back into their City. The Candle blazeth most when it burneth in the socket: the Rivers there are greatest where they lose their names, and their glory is buried; and this was then supposed by the assailants, the last attempt which the besieged would make upon the Leaguer: 
Hostages given & a treaty of Agreement.  for within two days after, they desired a conference and exchange of Hostages, till by conference they might make their composition.  
But the conclusions of soldiers in war are only conjectural, not demonstrative: there was good probability of agreement, and yet the success answered not the expectation of the Camp punctually, and upon the instant the Hostages were kept on both parties, and the treaty continued till july 5/1●, the camp and the City herein only differing, That the Leaguer would exclude the jesuites and Friars, whom they conceived (perhaps not without cause) to have been abettors of the soldier's obstinacy; the Garrison unwilling to have them forgotten in the treaty, and left to the mercy of the Conquerors: the Swedes would have proceeded against them as they thought they had deserved in justice; the Garrison protected them against their displeasure, in a religious observance and respect of pierie. But their respective reverence, to their Order of Priesthood, was not the only thing which prolonged the Treaties the soldiers were as loath to lose the opinion which the World had of their Valour, in so long with standing the Sweadish army, as to forsake their sooting in H●ldesheim, they wanted power and provision to keep is longer by force, and because they could fish no longer in the troubled wat ●us, they would cast one hook in ●ou the●eleare stream▪ Some relieve they expected from the in friends abroad, and till that came, they subtly delayed the time, by propositions of Articles of peace, which would otherwise have●…in too lavishly spent in wan: and their confederates july 7/17, again endeavoured to have delivered them, by making a suddenassault upon the Sweads in the trenches though, as appeareth by the sequel it could not be done either so secretly or so fortunatly, as they imagined: the Story is thus. Three Imperial Garrisons, one at Neustatt upon the river of Glein, two other at Ny●nbourg and Mynden, both upon the Weser, conjoining with two Spanish Regiments, which came from Munster under the command of the Colonels Waldecken and Shelhamer, 
A second attempt of the Imperialists upon the Army.  brought together about 4000 horse and foot to Neustatt, the place for their Rendezvouz, the day , with a purpose to fall upon the Camp before Hildesheim, before the Leaguers should know of their intention. But the Swedish, Commissarie Erich, Anderson, and the General Major Albrecht of Vstar, being informed the same day by their scouts, of their meeting, and suspecting the cause of their banding thus together, immediately called a Council of War, and concluded without delay the same night, before these troops of strangers could come thither, to make an assault upon the City about midnight, and so try whether they could prevent the enemy's counsel, in taking that by force, which they had been about by the space of almost a for tningh● by conference and composition. All things, against the hour appointed were provided for the business, the forces were drawn out of all the three quarters before the City, lodged, covered, and all things made ready for the assault, save only the watchword was not given, which a sudden rain fell so violently, that the Soldiers could neither conveniently handle their ●…pons, nor take firm footing upon the slippery ground, which made the Commissary give order to the Army, to defist from that course, and to conclude upon another, which was (thus) put in practise the day again appearing.  
The Commanders, first suspecting, by the squibs and fire works within the City, and hanging out of lanterns upon the steeples, as a sign to their Imperial friends, and afterwards assured by the spies, that their enemies were upon their march, gave order immediately that the Soldiers should march forward speedily, and meet together, near the Stier-waldt, and so encounter the Enemy. What the Commanders had enjoined, the Soldiers of the Camp quickly performed, no time was lost, for early in the morning they were gone forward as fare as Sachstatt, a City upon the River of Inder, about five or six English miles from Hildesheim, where, hearing the Enemy's Drums beating a fare off, the General major Vslar set the Army in battle array, planted the Ordnance upon the high ground near Hilperbercke, commended the protection of himself, and his forces to God, gave the Army the word JESUS, and presently discovering the Imperialists nearer approaching, began the battle with the Cannon, the Ordnance of each side playing upon the opposite party: and this manner of sight continued by the space of three hours. The Evangelicall Commanders then perceiving, that the Imperialists would not willingly move out of that posture, commanded the Major of Shonaich with 400. Musketeers of the white Regiment, and some troops of horse, to wheel about, and gall them in their flankers, that so he might either provoke them to join in a nearer battle, or break them of their order, wherein they stood, and were yet as well guarded by observation of their ranks, as protected from the Cannon by conveniency of the place which they were possessed of. It was done accordingly, and the first attempt made against them, was performed so bravely, that the wary Imperialists expecting that the main body of the Evangelicall Army would second the first onset of the Major, and suspecting, their own power, to be disable to oppose their united force, retired suddenly, but orderly, to Heyfede, a neighbouring Village in the Diocese of Lawenburgh, and fired the same, thinking by the smoke to hide themselves from sight of their adversaries, and so to avoid them. But the General Major, with the main body of his Army, was already advanced forward, come so near them, that he had them in his eye, and pursued them so fast, that within an English mile, or little more, they were fain to make a stand, and put it to trial, whether they might save themselves by battle, when they could not escape by flight. The Avantguard of the Evangelicall had the first bout with the Imperial Rear, wherein, though at first the Imperialists stood to it stoutly, yet their power of resistance was soon so much weakened by the courage of the Swedes and Brunswickers, and the diverse charges made upon them, that within one hour, they fled in a disorderly confusion, and the rest of the Army within as short a space, was so utterly routed, that of 2500. horse, scarce 250. returned to Newstatt: their foot forces being at the first 1500▪ were almost all slain upon the place, save some few which hide themselves in the Forest, the moorish ground, and the corn. About 1000 prisoners were taken, and carried to Sachstatt, Collenberge, Pattensen, and Hanoner (three Cities upon the Gleine) amongst which were two Lieutenant Colonels, two Majors, seven Ritemasters, three Captains, eleven Lieutenants, and nine Cornets, and the Evangelicall carried away 13. Standards, four great pieces of Ordnance new cast, and all their Ammunition. This was a memorable victory, as advantageous to the Swedes, as pernicious to the Imperialists (the Cities of Mynden, and Nyenburg were hereby weakened, and the state of Hildesheim, which before was but languishing, hereby grew desperately evil, and out of hope of remedy) was not to be passed over, without an Hymn of thanksgiving in the public Congregation, which was done so religiously by the whole Army, in the great Church at Sach-stat, the same evening, whence, as soon as they had performed this Christian Office, they returned speedily, and without stay to Hildesheim, to end that work, which they had been so long in doing.  
The absence of the Camp this short space, was some hindrance to the Brunswickers before the City, and might have been much more, had not their return been speedy; the garrison, and Citizens within, in this short vacation, had burned some of the Leaguers works, filled up their trenches again, and were endeavouring to have brought a new store of provision into the City, but the industry of the Swedes and Brunswickers quickly repaired the works, and scoured the Trenches anew; and their speedy return prevented the victualling and new furnishing the City with Ammunition; of both which, when they within saw themselves deprived, they quickly yielded upon composition: their agreement being in effect the same which was made at Hammelin, when it was taken in; subscribed to the Articles july 13/23. being Sunday: And upon Thursday, july 17/27, (having first delivered up the Swedes, and Brunswickers, whom in the time of the siege they had taken prisoners, and a Regiment of the Evangelicall horsemen, and two Companies of their foot, being first laid into the City) marched forth, and took their way towards Munster with a sufficient Convoy to guard them, according as it was concluded upon in the Articles of agreement, the tenor whereof was as followeth.  

1. The Commander in the Garrison shall next Thursday in the forenoon (if the Trumpeters which are sent to Minden with the Evangelical hostages be by that time returned) or upon the first return of the Trumpets, surrender the City to the Lord General Major Tylo Albert of Vsler, to the use of the high and mighty Prince, Frederick Vlrich, Duke of Brunswick, and then give up the keys of the gates thereof, should have no hidden fire, or private mines, to the danger of the City, and that presently upon the subscription of the Articles before the Garrison departed; the Ravelin before the East-gate, shall be guarded by the Brunswick General Major his forces, 200, men only being to be appointed to that service, as few as necessity requireth.  
2. All the Ordnance, Ammunition, and whatsoever else appertained to the Artillery, shall be delivered to him whom the General Major shall assign to receive it, and nothing shall be concealed from him.  
3. There shall be granted to the aforesaid Commander, the Commissary Speck, all Officers and common Soldiers, horse and foot, none excepted, free liberty to march out, with their drums and kettledrums beating, their Trumpets sounding, displayed Ensigns, open Standards, high and low Arms, bandeliers filled with powder, bullets in the mouths, burning matches in the cocks, with their own baggage, and none other: and to as many Citizens, their wives, widows, servants, and children as would, freedom of egress with the soldiers, and all jointly to be conveyed with four troops of horse the next way to Munster, that they shall be transported over the Weser, betwixt Rintelin and Hammelin, be provided of victuals and fodder (that is to say, Grasse-green Oats, Fitches, and Beans) as is convenient for them on the way, they should not be compelled to march above three Germane miles in a day. That if it was possible, they should be lodged at night during their journey, in houses, not in the open field: that for the safeguard of the Convoy, one Imperial Ritmaster, and one Captain, should be left in the Camp as Hostages, and till the garrison was safely arrived at Munster, an Evangelicall Ritmaster, and one Captain should be sent to Minden, and as soon as this Article was performed, the Hostages on each side should be set at liberty.  
4 That all the prisoners taken by either party during this siege, should be set free, without any ransom. That those soldiers of the Garrison, which through hunger, or by some other accident were constrained, or otherwise had willingly served in the Leaguer should be sent back to their first Colours, and the revolters pardoned.  
5. Free leave of departure with the garrison, shallbe granted to all, and every one of the Colonels, Councillors, their officers, and servants, to the Thumb or Chapter, and all the Clergy in general, Monks, Friars, males or famales, by what name soever they are called, as also all those, which are professors of the Roman Catholic Religion, and have lived for some time in the City, shall have licence to departed, and carry away their proper goods; But if any one, or more, or all of them (except the jesuites, who shall be gone and are excluded from any benefit of this clausein the Article) would stay in the City as private men, and pay their contributions, and impositions, they shall herein have their desire, upon condition, that they abstain from giving intelligence, holding correspondence, and practising to and with the enemy, and live upon their goods, and lands; and then they shall be protected In juribus & actionibus, in the right of Law, and suits commenced according to Law; not be condemned upon any man's accusation, without due examination, and orderly trial, be held as the other Subjects, and upon their occasions to travel abroad upon their private business, have a licence to pass and repass, without contradiction. But as for toleration of the public exercise of their Religion, the assigning of one Church to that purpose, and an yearly revenue to the use of the Friars, for their maintenance, this cannot now be granted, for they must petition his Princely grace F. Vlrich Duke of Brunswick, from whom they may hope for a gracious answer, the General Maior promising to promote their cause, and to be an intercessor for them.  
6 They shall not carry away any, but deliver up to the officers appointed to receive them, all the Church Ornaments, the Records, Chantries, and Registers of this Bishopric, the Cloisters, Colleges, Diocese and City; all the Doc●es of inheritance, and other conveyances belonging to the Church, Hospitan, and Mils, and other possessions and jurisdictions particularly, those which they had taken away from the Senate of the City, and some private persons, Widows and citizens, namely Captain German, Doctor Anthony Walthausen, Doctor Susserman, Doctor Ifflands' Widow, Ludolften Berling, Henry Hansen, and others: all the Efcrits sent thither from the Bishopric of Eglem, Magdeburg, and Halberstadt, and now remaining there, the instructions, reversals, obligations, and certificates beloging to the same; much less shall they export or carry with them any goods of the Citizens, or any other stranger which brought them thither for the more safety, only the Clergy shall have liberty to take along with them out of each Cloister, one habit, with all thereunto appertaining, as it is used before the Altar.  
7. If any that departeth thence, whether he be a Clergy man, or citizen, or soldier, shall leave any of his own goods in trust with any remaining to be kept for his use, they shall not be diminished, embezzled, or detained from him, upon any colour or pretence, but restored when it is sent for, and have a free pass for it.  
8 The officers Counsellors of the City, and others, shall not be taxed, for what they perform, and subscribe ratione officij, nor be accountable to the Imperial Garrison, for the Corn in the Magazine. The jews shall remain in the City, till the General Major receive order for them from his Princely Grace, the Duke of Brunswick, and in the mean time be protected from pillage and plundering.  
9 Lastly, to those which march forth, is promised upon the dignity and honesty of the Commanders (to which purpose the Hostages are also given) that they shall not be assaulted or molested in their way, either by any Swedish troops, or any troop of the confederate Princes, Elector, Peer, or State, and that all feigned letters which the Imperialists had formerly used by way of stratagem, especially those under the seal of the Senate and City, should not now be questioned, or be prejudicial to any instrument used in the action, whether 〈◊〉 was a Senator or ordinary Citizen. These Articles dated in the Camp before Hildesheim, for their better confirmation, were sealed and subscribed on both sides, july 13/23. 1634.   
The Trumpeters were in the end returned, and the people which went from Hildesheim, in number about 2000 were brought to Munster, about July 26 old style. I know not whether to the greater comfort of their Princely friends there, to see them thus happily delivered from restraint, or grief of the city in general, which being formerly pinched with hunger, and not able to provide for itself, must now relieve these guests, especially, being disappointed of the provision which was there expected, 
33. Wagons taken by the Hassian Commander in Rhenen.  the Hassian Commander in Rhenen, by name Raubenhaushampt, having about a day or two before the yielding of Hildesheim, intercepted 33 Wagons laden with victuals, which should have been carried thither, but were thus occasionally with their Convoy brought to Rhenen.  
The Armies under the Commands of George Duke of Lunembourg, Melander Lieutenant General to the Lants grave of Hessen, and the Netherlander Pinsen, were now disjoined: Pinsen by command of the States, under whom he served, being enjoined: Melander with his forces entertained for the space of five months in the State's service: and the Duke required by order of the Director, to look back toward Westphalia. The first thing the Duke intended at his return, was to join with the Swedish Commissary at the Camp before Hildesheim, and to hasten the Siege. Being upon his March thitherward with five whole Regiments of Horse, as namely the life Regiment, the Commander King's Regiment, the Bremish Regiment, Kniphausens old Regiment, and the Commander Kaggen his Dragoniers, and his own life Regiment, and Burgsdorffe his Regiment of foot: he received intelligence about july 10/30, of that Victory at Sachstatt, and suddenly changed his course, going with his foot, and the Artillery towards H●…meline, directing his Horse towards the Lage, and Gofelder-bridge: with which army he is now set down before Minden, a city much weakened by the late overthrow of their forces, by the Swedes, 
Minden blocked up by the D. Lunch. Wolfenbottle by Lohehausen.  and now having in Garrison, only 200 men which he hath blocked up. The General Major Lohehausen having done the like before to Wolfenbottle, a City of strength upon the East-side of the river Alre; in which actions they were still busy; but how successful, we must refer it to another discourse. Let this suffice for this time to close up the Chapter, and to make a conclusion of these Prince's actions, the Hassians before were engaged to the States, took in Armsberg, a City in the Archbishopric of Collen betwixt the County of Waldecke and the Mark, being one of the five Servi or Milites Imperij, Servants or Soldiers of the Empire (for so I find them reckoned; Waldeck, Hinten, Fulchen, Arnsperg and Rabnaw) and so a place of much importance, and consequence.   

CHAP. 7. The actions of the Landgrave of Hessen, Duke of Luneb. etc.  
THe Generalissimo of the Leaguish Army preparing himself to make head against the Hassians, Swedes, and Luneburghers in Westphalia, sent out some straggling troops to pillage the Countries which were under either their protection, or in confederation with them, but stayed in person at Collen to make up the main body of his Army, and to furnish himself with money. He had often laboured in vain to persuade the Duke of Newburgh to transmit the forces which he had levied, to the Leaguish Army, and seeing that labour lost, he desired to be supplied by him, and the Colleiners with money: 
A placard made by the Generalissimo against the Duke of Newburgh.  and entreaties not prevailing with the Duke, he sent a Proclamation in the name of his Imperial Majesty, to the Officers, States, and Countries under the Duke of Newburgh, to this effect. Whereas, upon the complaint made to his Majesty by the Estates and towns of the principalities of Gulick, Berg, and the incorporated Country, that the Palatine of Newburgh, against their privileges, & without their consent, hath lately laid upon them, many grievous and unsupportable impositions, and especially one monthly contribution; his Imperial Majesty hath given us an especial commission to examine and redress these grievances; for due execution of which, we have lately summoned the said Estates to appear at Collen. We now give you to understand, and seriously charge you, by virtue of that power given unto us, that you pay nothing of those contributions, which willingly, or by enforcement you have already subscribed unto, and yielded to pay to the Duke of Newburgh, and that you restrain your hands from disposing of the money already collected, or to be collected upon the monthly contributions, and to keep the sums in deposito, till you receive order from us for the payment thereof. In which case you may be assured of the favour and protection of his Imperial Majesty, as if you do the contrary, of his anger and displeasure. This I have advised you of, as being and desiring to be accounted your affectionate and well wishing friend. Mansfield.  

The Duke's Countermand  This placard being published, july 22. was countermanded by another from the Duke, who certified his subjects thereby, that the Generalissimo had no Commission from his Imperial Majesty to take this course, that it was only a device to affright them, and make them pliant to his motion, and advised them to continue in their faithful obedience to him whom they had always found their gracious Prince, assuring them also, that he would never behave himself otherwise to them, than lovingly. The people were not more distracted with these charges and countercharges, than the Generalissimo was perplexed with the Duke's refractory and unperswadable obstinacy, and that he might bring something to effect, in the end he again summoned the States of Gulick and Berg to appear at Collen about the beginning of August, where he renewed his first propositions; but as it is written from Collen, Aug. 10/20. could not prevail.  
From these treaties it proceeded to hostile actions, the Generalissimo forced the City of Mulhem, a Germane mile or thereabout distant from Collen, on the East side of the Rhine, to receive an Imperial Garrison, and Boninghausens' soldiers began to pillage the Dukedom of Gulick, as if it had been the enemy's land, and would have proceeded to an higher pitch of violence, if the Boors had not with all their might withstood them; but they bade them welcome in a churlish manner, not stroking them lovingly, but striking rudely, beating them down with clubs, when they saw a fit opportunity. And these dealings, as it is related by the Coloners, made the Duke after many treaties with the marquis de Aitona to require the assistance of the States of the Netherlands to defend his territories.  
He that hath no enemy, hath no friend; and they which would comply with all, provoke him to be an adversary, which would willingly embrace his love. The States of Gulick and Berg, it is thought, and so expressed directly from Collen, would have yielded to mansfield's propositions, had not the Landgrave in the time of the treaty, sent them an admonition not to do any thing which might prejudice the Crown of Sweden, and the confederate Princes, lest they smarted for it: and this Menace made them suspicious of their friends too, not daring to entrust themselves with those who had not formerly, (and it is to be hoped) will not hereafter offer them any violence. Some Agents for the D. had conference with the Commander in Sirburg, and it was thence conceived that the Palatine would have joined his forces with the united Princes; but this was but a conceit, for yet he hovereth uncertainly, and hath not declared where he will fasten. Letters from Collen and Dusseldorp affirm, that not only, while he was mustering one company at Mulheim upon Tuesday, july 25. Aug. 4. himself was shot either casually or wilfully, by some of the trained band thorough the Hat, a Soldier in the side, and a Trumpeter thorough the neck, whereof he died the next day following. Another strange accident is related by a letter from Dusseldorp, Aug. 2/12. the contents whereof are thus.  
july 31. Aug. 10. betwitxt the hours of 10. and 11, we had here exceeding great Thunder and Lightning; the Lightning strooke into a steeple behind the Cloister against the Cathedral Church, in which stood above 300 barrels of powder: the powder presently took fire, and made such a terrible noise, that it was generally thought in the City, that the end of the world was come. This one stroke in a moment beat in pieces about forty, or fifty houses, and there was scarce one house in the City, which felt not the violence thereof.  
The great Church and the upper part of the steeple, were totally ruined. In the Castle the glass windows were all shattered to pieces, and many houses utterly demolished, by this one blow; a great canon was thrown from the Walls of the city quite over the Rhine. At Rollingen and Kaysers Werth it hath likewise done much harm. The people of this City were for the most part then in bed and at rest, but many of them rose no more to see another day. We have already found by digging above 60 men dead, & many wounded: and many more we still hear crying pitifully under the buildings, which are beaten down. In the beginning, the City began to burn in three several places, but the flame was quenched by the industry of some people, who if they had not bestirred themselves, the City had been utterly ruined. The mayor part being so astonished, that they had lost the use of reason. A strange accident, the most Highest sometimes speaks in Thunder, and happy are they which understand that language.  
The Count of Mansfeld thus disappointed of his expectation in the D. of Newburgh, desired of the city of Collen 37500 Rixdollers to pay his army, and the city of Deutz (divided from that archiepiscopal Sea, only by the Rhine, as Southwark is from London by the Thames) for the service of his Imperial Majesty, and a retiring place for his Army; but the Senate gave way to neither, being unwilling to have the Hassian fall upon them, who lay at Dirlaken with 5000 horse, 4000 Dragoniers, and six Regiments of foot. And then the Abbot of Seeburg, taking occasion by his necessity, offered him a sum of money to take Seeburg, then, and now possessed by the Swedes. It is a strong Abbey upon the river of Se●g, which falls into the Rhine at Bonne; but he viewing the place, and considering the fortification of it, returned thence without assailing it. The Generalissimo as it is written from Collen, is now upon his march into the field, but yet we find him not there, only some of his troops have been late abroad, to plunder the Protestant countries. The main army is not yet come to invade them. July 30. Aug. 9, as it is reported from the Westerwaldt, 200 Colennish horse, & some foot, made an invasion upon the Nassew Dilling berghish, & Saynish villages, as namely Kirspell, Grand Burhach, & Neunkirchen, carried away their , victuals, horses, and cattles; forbore not the Churches, took some noble Personages prisoners, slew some of the Inhabitants and spoiled what they could not carry along, to the great terror of the country people, and about August 12/22, some of the Generalissimo's Horse plundered the Earldom of Henneberg, and carried away some cattles, but that Province being under the Protection of the B. of Wertzburg, upon the complaints of the inhabitants to him, and his negotiation with the count, they were promised to be restored, though it be yet uncertain whether this promise be performed; and to continue the Story of the Generalissimo, it is written from Collen Aug. 5/15, that two Regiments which he had thought should have served under him, namely that belonging to the Prince of Barbanson, and that of the Count of Isenburgh, marched that present day over the Rhine, towards the Spanish camp near Mastrich, as being appointed to the King of Spain's service.  
The Lantgraves' army was not yet returned from the Rhine, August 2/12, he kept his head quarter at Dinslaken, where he expected the return of his Lieutenant General Melander, whom he had sent to the Prince of Orange, who was then with the State's Army, at the common Rendezvous, Niemegen; The Duke of Luneburg in the mean time slacked not the time of action, but having blocked up the City of Minden, as it is mentioned elsewhere, sent part of his forces from thence to Buckenburge, which took the Town july 21/●1. The garrison upon the Luneburgers first coming betaking themselves to the Castle, which they surrendered also; july 28. Aug. 7. all the Soldiers which lay in it taking pay under the Duke, except the Commander job Henstman who was a Captain, and his Lieutenant, one Sergeant, and a few of his servants, which were conveyed to Mynden. This City famous for its first foundation, as being given by Widekind Duke of Saxony, upon his conversion to Christianity, to Charles the Emperor, to build there a Bishop's Sea, and now of note both for traffic, being accommodated with the Weeser whereon it stands, and strength, was fully, after the taking of Buckenburge, besieged by the Duke; who, july 26. August 4. caused many bottoms to be brought from Hammeln to Rintelin, that he might make a bridge of boats over the River near the fort of Berg, for the service of his Army. The Commander Shelhammer, to impeach the Duke's progress, sallied forth upon him, and gave him fierce charge, but was beaten back with much loss by the Swedes, and Luneburgers, who entertained him with hostile fury. This is a valiant Gentleman, and it is thought even by the Duke's Army, would have done more for the defence of the City than he hath done hitherto, had he not been crossed in his course by the Earl of Wartenberg, which lieth in the City also, who being ambitious of supremacy in command standeth upon terms of competition with the Colonel, which being a known expert Soldier, and deputed to this Province by authority, will not submit to the Count, nor be overtopped by him. Such heartburning, and differences betwixt men of Authority, seldom breeds good blood, they spring from undigested conceits, and these evil humours, make the whole body liable to sickness.  
The Duke hereupon caused the Zigell hoff or Tile host before the City to be assaulted, which he took, together with one of the Redoubts, and then immediately assaulting the great Sconce upon the Bridge, he took that also with little loss. Where he presently raised a battery, and planted his ordnance, and was before mid-August come under the Cannons, and secure from hurt by shot of Cannon.  
From Brunswick the letters bearing date the 23. of August, report that it cannot long hold out. Here it is fit to add some other letters, which writ thus: Upon Monday last August 11/21 about 4. in the afternoon, Frederick Vlrich Duke of Brunswick, after he kept his bed 6. weeks, because of a broken leg, died, and now it is thought, the Duke of Luneburg who is the next heir to the principality, will be more forward in the business to clear his country.  
The Landgrave of Hessen after he had visited the Rhine, and conferred with the Prince of Orange a weasel, returned to the Ruhr, and I find him in his head-quarter at Blanken-stein, August 4 14. thence he marched to Shwierdt, and came from thence in person upon Monday, Aug. 11.21. to Hamme (which was taken by his forces in the end of May last) where he mustered the 4. Companies consisting of 500 men which lay in the City, joined to them 2. Companies more consisting of 260 men, for whom the Citizens must provide meat, and drink, because the common contributions of the Country are not paid orderly, and returned to his quarter at Shwierdt in the Westhoven, whither he summoned the Governors of the Earldom of Ham to appear, and had with them some private conference, the effect whereof is not yet discovered. I find not either himself, or the main body of his Army yet in the field, only some Hessish forces I meet withal under the Earl of Eberstein besieging Stathergen, and those again as it is written from Collen were raised by the Leaguish Colonel Wendt of Cratzenstein, and Perseus, who marched against them with two small field-pieces, and 2000 men: and that Colonel Giesen having possessed himself of the lower City of Marsberge, spareth not by battery, to attempt the winning of the higher City, but with what success, it is yet uncertain; time is mother of truth, and will discover it.  
The actions of the Electors of Saxony, etc.   

❧ The Actions of the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg. CHAP. VIII.  
THe Army of the Saxon Lieutenant General Arnheim, after the battle at Liguitz, being refreshed with two days r●st at Liessa, and provisions for Viands at Broslaw (as hath been related in our former book) was divided, by his direction, into two bands, aswell to make the more quick dispatch, as also because be knew that the powers of the Imperial party, being sca●rered, and much impaired by his former victory, were not able to make any strong resistance. One part of the Army passed the Oder-bridge at Breslaw, and went directly Westward toward Oels' and Namslaw, the other, which himself commanded in person, marched East-award towards Olaw, a place distant from Namslaw 7. German as English miles. Neither of the Armies, at either of the places, found the least opposition▪ only, 
Olaw burnt by the Imperialists  at Olaw the Governor Rostick being advartised of the Saxons coming, burned the town, and betook himself to the Castle.  

Namslaw and Oles taken by the Saxons.  At Oels', the Go●…rnour, D●n 〈◊〉 Languiall yielded presently to the merry of the Saxons, and was taken prisoner with his 100LS. soldiers. From Namslaw the Imperialists were fled before the Saxons could come thither, yet upon pursuit were overtaken, and 100 of them made captives and brought to the Campe.  
The Saxons expeditions were so quick and fortunate, that within 20 or 22 days they had recovered, besides the places aforenamed, Steinaw, Drachenberg▪ Micl●ts, Beinstat, and others; almost cleared Silesia of Imperialists, opened the way into Poland, thence to fetch provision of Victuals: and the price of Cattles, Salt, and other necessaries for sustentation of life, was fallen to the moiety of what it had been formerly.  
In the time that the Saxon is thus busied in Silesia, General Banniere marched from Frankford upon the Oder, 
Crossen besieged by Banniere.  where, with the Town, he had taken 20 Standards and Ensigns) against Crossen, a place of note in the Marquisare bearing the none of Dunehy; and the region about it called by that general name, being one of the 7 Provinces of this Elect o'er dominion Here being set down about May 27 june 3. he sent away the Swedish Col●hell Borgsstorff, into Silesia, to the General Arnheim, to advertise him of therecou●rie of Frankford, and to aduse with him, about further proceed. Nothing was wanting to serve him in his journey, had not himself been too secure a sufficient co●…oy of hardie Soldiers, as well armed and provided of weapons to offend an enemy, as resolved to fight upon occasion, and as well disciplined, as either armed or resolved; was sent to attend him: With this Guard he passed b●y●…d great Glegaw, when thinking himself out of changer he●… miss his safeguard (a certain evidence that he was more adue●…ons then wise) for his friends had no sooner left him, 
Colonel B●rgsstor taken by Crabats.  but the Crabats▪ or Croatians (for they have not this name from any peculiar service wherein they are employed, but their Country) met him, set upon him, wounded, and carried him prisoner to great Glogaw. Hence, some sew days after, as he was to be transported to Lignitz; the same fortune which appeared in so many forms to the old Romans in the second punic war, seemed also to play in the like manner with this Commander.  
There (to speak in the phrase, though not in the language of Sabellicus) she● strooke the Roman Commonwealth at Ticinum, broke it at Trebie, laid it flat down at Thrasimene, afflicted it at Crunae, began to lift it up, and cherish it at Nola, raised it in Spain, restored it at Metaurus, and proclaimed it victorious at Zama: and here she affrighted the Colonel by the unexpected assault of his enemies, wounded him by his captivity, comforted him again by the sudden coming in of his friends, 
Collo. Borgsstorff delivered by the Saxons.  some Saxon troops, as he was on the way towards Liguitz, and restored him to his former liberty, and dignity, by means of his valiant confederates, which beat the Guard that carried him, delivered the prisoner, and brought many of them which erst insulted over him, to his late restrained estate.  

Crossen surrendted to the Swedes and Brandenburguish, by composition.  The City of Crossen at the first seemed as if it meant to hold out, and was assured of succours, doing some damage with their Ordnance to the Army▪ But this resolution held not long, in a few days their Powder and Shot was spent, and the place surrendered to the Swedes and Brandenburgers, upon these Articles following, which were first subscribed by David Dromand, on the behalf of the Leaguer; and Maximilian of Stegken, on the behalf of the Imperialists, june, 2.12. for their further confirmation.  

I That the Imperial Garrison, should march forth with white staffs, and the Soldiers, as many as would, should take pay under the Swedes.  
II. That the Commander and the Captains, should have each man a Wagon laden with baggage, and with the Lieutenants▪ Ancients, and Sergeants, should be safely conveyed towards Morania.  
III. That they should not dare, or attempt, to carry away Neyle, or spoil any of the Ordnance, Ammunition, or other instruments of war, which did not belong unto them.  
FOUR They should not pillage, oppress, or rob any of the Citizens, by taking away their goods, much less do any disparagement to their persons.  
V That they should deliver all the prisoners they had in their custody, and set them at liberty without any exception.  
VI That the Convoy was returned safe again to the Army, they should leave two sufficie ●e men for Hostages, which afterwards should be carried to places of safety.  
Lastly, that the Capitulation being subscribed, they should instantly surrendes their Ourworkes, and the innermost gates, to the Camp, they should guard them that night with their own men, and early in the morning march forth.   
All this was done accordingly, and the next day, june 3.13. 900 of the Soldiers taking pay under the Swedes, as they writ from Leipsig june 13.23. the rest of the Garrison marched from thence, according to the order of the first Article, leaving behind them, besides their Ordnance and Ammunition, 10 Ensigns; and took their way through Poland, to go into M●rania.  
This place thus happily taken in, 
Glogaw besieged.  the Swedish Bauniore marched directly against the great Glogaw in Silefia, there to join his Forces with the Saxon Lieutenant General, because this was a Town of strength, and had formerly done them much annoyance: Here these two Commanders having enquartered their Armies, one on the East side of the Oder, and the other on the West: Nothing was omitted by the which was either for their own defence or offence of the enemy; and the besieged showed as much care in fortifying themselves, to the measure of their means, as courage in opposing their weak forces against such warlike preparations: The besiegers planted their Batteries, and made their approaches so near the City, and so speedily, that within less than five days, they were so nigh the walls, that they might cast stones into the Town, and the beleaguered (forcing the Lutheran citizens within to help them) strengthening the walls with palisadoes, to prevent the scaladoe, threw many boards into the ditches, through which they had driven many nails, to lame the the feet of the Soldiers, if they should attempt to assault them, and shot fiercely from the Town, upon the Camp, as though they intended to pay them in their own coin, fight it out to the last, and never come to terms of composition: But their resolutions altered with the occasion; discretion commanded them to yield to necessity, which had broke them utterly, if they had not bowed of their own accord, and willingly; succours they expected, and that at the first encouraged them, and four regiments of Imperial horse endeavoured to relieve them, but sailing of their purpose, the spirit of the Garrison drooped, 
Glogaw yielded to the Saxons.  and the City was given up by composition, june 7.17. upon these Terms following.  

I. That the Governor should march out of the City, Castle, and Thumb, or Cathedral Church in the Evening, about 4 of the clock; and surrender the same to the Saxons.  
II. The Commander should neither himself, pillage, do any injury or violence, to the poor Citizens, nor permit any of the Soldiers, at his departure to do it. A good proposition, and well advised of, it showeth that the Army came not against the City to oppress it as an enemy, but relieve it as a friend.  
III. That if there were any private Mines, or secret fires hidden in the earth, the Commander before his going out, should discover and reveal them.  
FOUR That all the Canons and Ammunition should be left in the City, be delivered to the Saxon Lieutenant Colonel of the Artillery, no Piece should be concealed from him; if any were hidden in the earth, or any other secret place, the Commander should disclose it.  
V That all the prisoners which heretofore had served in the Saxon, Brandenburgish, or Swedish Army, whether they were taken during the time of the Siege, or before, should be set at liberty.  
VI That all the Ensigns and Standards should be delivered to the Saxons.  
VII. That, because it was sufficiently known, that some Wagons loaden with Baggage, and belonging to diverse Regiments which were beaten at Lignitz, were brought into that City; therefore the Commander should be bound to deliver them to the Saxon forces.  
VIII. That none of the Garrison Soldiers should be compelled to take pay under the Swede, Saxon, or Brandenburger; but that as many as would willingly serve under these colours, should not be hindered.  
Lastly, that the Commander, his Officers, and Soldiers, should march forth safely, with high and low Arms, their Drums beating, their Bandeliers full of Powder, Bullets in the mouth, and burning Matches in the Cock, with all their own Horses, and Baggage, and whatsoever else appertained unto them properly, and for their better security in the way, should be guarded with a sufficient convoy to Glatz.   
This is the sum of the Articles of agreement, and it was an honourable composition on both sides; the Evangelicall Generals did hereby give a good remonstrance of piety, neither thirsting after blood, nor insulting over the enemy, by propounding any thing which might be prejudicial to his honour and reputation: And the Imperial Commander gave a good testimony of his wisdom, not being obstinate, when his estate was desperate, and courage in the two last Articles, whereby he kept his own good name untainted, and the Soldiers credit unviolated.  

The Imperial Boot-halers of Lignitz surprised.  During the time of this siege, a troop of 500 Imperialists which came forth of Lignitz, had plundered some Villages, and little Towns the labours, intending to return with the spoil to Lignitz▪ these the Colonel Gersdorff, Commander of the garrison as G●rlitz, surprised with his Regiment; sl●w most of them and recovered the booty again. 
The General Arnheim at Dresden, acquaints the Elect. with his good success.  And so fortunate have the Saxons lately been in Silesia, that upon june 11. when the Lie●…enant General Arnheim was come in person to Dresiden, to acquaint the Elector with his good success, and the General major D●…mer the same day had pre●e●…ed to the Prince the Cornet● and Ensigns which were gotten in the battle or Lignitz▪ The Elector strait gave order to have the some day, both in his Chapel at the Court, and in the City Church a Sermon of thanksgiving for the former blessings which GOD had bestowed upon him, 
Public prayers & thanksgiving.  and solemn prayers for continuation of his mercies hereafter. A good evidence of a religious grateful heart, comm●ndable in all sorts of men, but especial in a Prince, whose example gives life to his actions.  

A Treaty of Peace at Leuthmaritz.  May 20.30. in that very time when this Elector was so victorious with his Army in Silesia, the King of Hungary sent him a kind Letter; whereby he ga●e him to understand, that his Imperial Majesty, his father, had given him full power and authority, to Treat with him of a Peace; that he doubted not of the good issue of the T●ea●y, the propositions on the Emperor's part, being so reasonable, and the means he had to effect it so likely and probable, that he had sent to Leuthmaritz (a Town bordering upon the Lower-Saxony) his Commissioners, the Earl of Tran●mansdorff, the Lord of Qu●s●…nberg, and Doctor Ge●herd, with full instructions and authority, and did therefore desire him to send his Ambassadors or Deputies, to the same place, that so this negotiation might be brought to some conclusion.  
The name of Peace is so glorious a name, that the Heathens, in their blindness, esteemed it as a Deity; and the Christians yet account it, as a principal Temporal blessing, when every one with security, and dreadless of an enemy, may repose himself under his own Vine and Figtree. He that will not seek it, hath the character of an unwise man; but he that shall refuse it, if offered sincerely and without fraud, hath put off all humility; man, by his  inclination, being a sociable creature not armed by Nature, out by ●…ightinesse of heart● malice, and desire of revenge: And most true is that Apothegme of Augustus Caesar, mentioned by Caspinian, It is the only evident taken of an ambitious Spirit, for the pomp of a vain triumph, or a La●rest Wreath, is hazard the 〈◊〉, and security of the people. This motion therefore was not unwelcome to the Elector, who, according to the King's desire, june 2.12, sent his Commissioners, The Lord Nicholas Gebbard of Mel●itz, a Pricy Counsellor; the Lord Frederick of Metsh, Precedent of the upper consistorial Counsels Doctor Oppell, Counsellor of the Count, to the place appointed, to hear the points of reference; where they were brought in, and entertained by the imperial delegates, in such pomp, and mignificence, as was fit for his dignity whom they represented.  
The Treaty was then immediately begin, but the good ●…cesse is much to be feared, for they writ from Dresd●…, june 7.17. that the Elector had c●lled his Agents back again from Leuthmaritz, the Imperial Commissioners not descending a● any particular, but insisting upon universal propositions, or, if they came to any, it was only this:  
That his Imperial Majesty would presently exempt this Elector from the execution of the decree (whereon the whole business refled) and leave the Ecclesiastical goods which he had in his hands hareditary to him; but the rest of the Electors and Princes, should suffer the execution to go on, till the expiration of 100 years.  
If this report be true, out of question, this Elector hath not forgotten the conclusions in the Diet at Heilbrun, and will not for his own private interest, neglect his Confederates; but thinketh it more sure and honourable, to promote the public good, and advance in common, then to stand or fall alone.  
The Imperialists about May 25. june 4. being 3000 strong, Horse and Foot, marched out of Bohemia towards Annaberg in Misnia, to make an invasion and spoil the Country thereabouts, but were encountered by the Saxon Colonel Dauben, who fell upon them with his horsemen, beat them back, and with the loss of 3. Soldiers and one Lieutenant, slew above 20 of them, whereof one was a Rittmaster, and took 15. prisoners. And this Elector, as they writ write from Dresden, May 31. june 10. had then levied a fresh Army of 1200 men, furnished with all things necessary, which he late kept in readiness, with 200 lusty and able pioneers, Horses and Carriages for the Artillery, to he employed upon the next occasion; and thus they treat of Peace, with their swords in their hands; and while they speak of it, on both sides they prepare to battle.  
Nor was it a time indeed to lay down their Arms, for the Saxon Forces were no sooner gone from Glogaw, but the Imperialists and Crabats began to appear again, and to do much harm in Silesia, where besides their frustraneous attempt, for the surprisal of Bernstat, wherein they were prevented by the vigilancy of the Governor Keep. june 6.16. ten Cornets of their Horse came a Boothailing to the very gates of Breslaw, fired two villages, and carried away much Booty, so prevent which inconveniences, 
The Lieutenant General Arnheim sent back to the Army.  the Elector having honoured his General, with a costly gold chain, which he gave him, advised him to confer with Banni●r, about their further proceed, supplied him with 3. Companies of the life Regiment, and two other whole Regiments; one under the command of Colonel Losen, the other under Colonel Wickstorff, and appointed all the forces lately levied, to follow him; remitted him to the army, where Banni●r and he divided their forces, the one taking upon him the charge of Silesia, the other setting forward to Moravia and Bohemia; a country so torn and ruined with these late wars, that the face of it is now so much altered, that it appeareth wretched; so poor, that it can call nothing his own, the the very rest and motion of it, depending upon the rest and motion of others.   

Saxon and Brandenburgs' Proceed continued. CHAP. IX.  
THe first design of this new raised Army, honoured by the presence of the Saxon Elector himself, who hath engaged his own person in the expedition was against Lignitz, 
Lignitz forsaken by the Imperialists.  which had formerly been an harbour of Imperialists in the lesser gusts of War, but was now conceived by themselves, to be no sufficient shelter against this violent storm which threatened them; yet here the Saxons stayed not, before they came hither; the Imperialists had pillaged the City, and forsaken it, so without stay, hence they marched in a strait line toward Sittaw, a Town in the upper Lusatia, situate upon the River Nisse, and distant 4 German miles from G●rlitz. This was a town of strength, better manned, and of more importance, and not to be got without strokes. The Garrison here was 1200. foot, and two regiments of horse, and were so fare from yielding to the first summons, that Sunday night, june 29, new style, as soon as the elector was set down before it, they made a sally upon the Army, so courageously, that they had much endamaged the Saxons, had not they behaved themselves in that en counter bravely; but 30, of their adventerers were slain outright, and 80, of them taken Prisoners, by the Saxon Colonel Gristow, upon whose quarter they fell in this enterprise.  
This action of the besieged, so much incensed the Elector, that he having made his way a little open by battery; upon Thursday night, july 4.14. about 10. of clock, gave order to assault it in three several places; the word was no sooner spoken, but his forward Soldiers went to the business cheerfully, and by one in the morning, though not without strong opposition, scaled the outworks, beat the Imperialists into the City, and followed them so close, that they thrust themselves in at the gates after them; 
Sittaw taken by assault.  and so took possession of what their enemies striven to detain from them.  
The issue of the assault was bloody on both sices, the Saxon Lieutenant Colonel Wanger, was slain near a Gabeon, by a bullet of four pound weight, and the one half of his head erased from the other, by violence of the shot; the Inginere Peter Hart, who was appointed to have fastened the Petards to the gates, if need required it, was was likewise slain▪ with 50. common Soldiers, which atended upon that service: and the Master of the Horse to the Duke Francis Albert of Saxon Lawenburg, received a mortal wound, whereof he died within few hours after: This loss had the Saxon, in his winning. But beside, that, the death of these men of note in the Army, was partly avenged, with the like fate of the chief Commander within, Lieutenrant Colonel Fuchs, who in the beginning of the assault, was deadly wounded, the slaughter of two Captains, and 50 or 60 Soldiers, and captivating of the rest; the prize there taken, made some amends for the loss (if the life of men, and men of emenencie may be valued) the City being plundered by the Souldi●…s in the fury, and the Elector not more strengthened, or enriched with the Ordinance, and plentiful store of Ammunition. 70000 measures of meal, and corn, and other neccessaries which he found there; then honoured with the tokens of a Trophy, twelve Ensigns, and two Standards, the spoils of the Enemy, and retords of his Victory.  
Before the Saxons had thus taken in Zittaw, the Swedish Bannier, General for the Brandenburger, and deputed to the province of Silesia, upon the 29. of june (Saint Peter and Paul's day,) it seems that the Catholics tutelary Saints were at that time otherwise busied; then to look after them) entered into a set battle with 15000. Imperialists, under the conduct of their General Coloredoe, and got a noble victory.  

Coloredo, his Army routed near Griffenburg,  The place where this battle was fought, was near Griffenburg, a City in Silesia, which the Imperialists had burnt, and were going forward to make havoc of the Country, when the Army of Bannier met them, and by a prosent fight, prevented the outrages which they intended: in this battle, the Imperialists are said to have lost three or four thousand men slain upon the place, many Officers were taken Prisoners: thirty Cornets, 70 Ensigns, and 38 pieces of Ordnance, which were gotten by the Swedes from this puissant Army, it was a terrible blow to the Imperial Partee, their hopes of recovering Silesia, being set upon those forces, which being thus ruinated, have in part secured the tenure of Silesia, to the Saxon, and exposed the Kingdom of Bohemia, to the invasion of the Swedes, and Saxons, which at Sagaw, june 25. july 5. concluded a joint expedition against it; and which our narration must now follow them.  
The fortune of a day doth sometimes change the fortune of a Kingdom. But in the way, I find young Maximilian of Wal●enstein, (whom because, I might rather reckon ●…ngst the B●ndetties, th●… noble Souldi●…, making ●ill●g● both upon his friends, and enemies, rebelling against his ●ate Master, for the death of the Duke of Friedland, and yet in Hostility with the Evangelicall: 
Maximilian of Wallst●in defeated by the Saxon Domer.  I should willingly pass ou●t as not worthy to be reckored amongst these noble Spirits, which without any finister respects, but persuasion of their conscience (as I think) ●n both sides, fight for their religion, and Country, but that the Saxon Lieutenant Colonel D●nner, deserves an Honourable mention for the defeature of his roving troops; let this suffice for him briefly.  
As this young Walstei● 〈◊〉 ●…ging ree●… Glat●, where he holds his Randeue●…z, the Saxon Gommander, who was gunded with 400. Horse, lighted upon him, routed his trooper, carried away 300 good Horses, and two of his Captain's Prisoners.  
After the di●…at●h of the former business in Silesia, ●an●… 〈◊〉 with his Armyco Sit●…, whether he came 〈…〉 the next day after the Town was taken; and 〈◊〉 he ●ooke his way by appointment of the Elector, into Bob●…mia. Leuthmer●… which erst was appointed the place of treaty for peace, being now the first mark he ayme●…at. 
A Scirmish near Luthmar●…z.  Thither he came about▪ july, 7.17. and after a small ski●…ish betwixt part of his Auantguard, and six Imperial troops of Horse; under the command of Don Balchasar, and the General Maior▪ Lamboy, which had been abroad, and not yet returned into the City; his for●…●…ing defeated them, pursued those that fled, soclose, 〈◊〉 they had not eseaped, had not the Horsemen overwent them, and out off two of the arches of the Beidge▪ which before they could be repaired, for the Army to follow after (though the work was hastened as much as might be by the General) got them so much advantage of the way, that they were not again to be overtaken.  
The Elector having set led things at Zittaw, joined hi● own Lieutenant General Arnh●…, to steer his course 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 pear occasionally.  
Ba●…, 〈…〉 foured a yes 〈◊〉 this ●…ing to Beutlment● had take 〈◊〉 G●…st●in, the place of 〈…〉 of the ●ate General 〈…〉 a City there sited, where the River of Mol●… burieth itself, in the chai●… of the E●… and part of Ar●…ei●… Army, by july, 16.20. was 〈…〉 to the gates of Prague, which being no O●… of defence and weakly manned, was conceived could not hold out, but here for the present we must leave them.  

Two Pro●…gies, the first at Berlin, the second are Dresden.  I cannot here conceal two too prodigies, which (a●●…ey writ 〈◊〉 those pa●…) 〈◊〉 happened in the Marc●…●ate of Bra●…d●…, and Duked one of Sa●…y, and at Berlin; where about mid june, it rained Blood and Bri●…stone; the other at Dros●…, june 23. july 3. where towards Enening; at five of the clock, the S●n was first● 〈…〉 white as 〈◊〉, and then sudd●…ly 〈…〉 dark, 〈◊〉 if a mist went over it; It appeared first in form of 〈◊〉 Crow●…, and then like a ●eather, red as 〈◊〉, in which postures, when it had continued by the space of ha●se 〈◊〉 nodre, it returned to 〈…〉 the sanguine new till it went down; 〈…〉 he●…sing, retained the 〈◊〉 bloody ●spect, till 〈…〉 be ●eere in that Hor●…on.  
I ●…ow that whatsoever the Physiolog●… 〈◊〉 of ●…rall causes, yet such 〈…〉 bodies, is always prodig●… 〈…〉 but expect them, a 〈…〉 play on either side, and presage probably, good or ●…ll to ●…ther party.  
I dare not meddle here: My wish is— 〈…〉 hosts Convert●…— and my Prayer shall 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 out thine indignation (O LORD) upon 〈…〉, and ●hy wrath upon them, which have not called upon thy Name.  
If 〈…〉 it might pear harm been almost ●…at; the Country was 〈◊〉 free of the misery of War, only 700. Imperialis● Lignitz, and fifty or 〈◊〉 Soldiers at Ola●; under the command of a Sparnish Gol●n●ll ●here something molested that Province; and now the ●…otor of Sanity, (like that Larian King reported by ●…bulous an●…quitie to have two faces, because of his pro●…derce, and 〈◊〉 circumspection) looked at once, as well behind him 〈◊〉 before him; provides both for the f●ture quiet of Sile●…a, and the extending of his victories in Bohemia.  

The Diet at Bres●….  About that time, at Breslaw, was called a Diet, where the P●eres of the Country being met together, they concluded th●●u●tomes of that Territory, should for ever be p●…d to the Elector of Saxony; committed the direction of all things to the Commander, and general field Commissary, the Lord Da● Vitz●thumbe, and adjourned their mee●ing againetill the month of August; when upon the coming 〈◊〉 of the Princes and Dukes of Brieg▪ and Lig●…, wh●…aue promised then to mere; a full conclusion should be made, and the business of that Province dispa●…ed.  
The General Commissary was faith full in his trust, and first, ha●…ing 〈◊〉 the Lieu●…ant Colonel Tronsdorff to view the Castle of Olaw, mustered ●p the Saxon forces, left in that Territory, whereof there were siue Regiments, left under the Commander S●b●…der, by the Elector; supplied them with 60●… others drawn out of the City; and Th●… o● Br●s●…▪ ●…ed them with Ordnance, taken from the Imperialists by his Excellency, the General Arnheim, in the ●…ell a● Lig●…tz, and left by his command in Breslaw; assigned them two Morterers, and other materials, and appointed them to assault Olaw first, and Lignitz, afterwards, where what their proceed have been, shall be known ●…fter.  

The Saxons and Swedes Proceed in Bohemia.  Th●… Elector of S●…y, 〈◊〉 thus ordered the affairs of that 〈…〉 with his design for the Kingdom of Bohemia; he●… he expected strong opposition: there●ort being common that 〈◊〉 (who for all that, was still at Regenspi●…g) was marching thither, with a great part of the 〈◊〉, to assist Color●do, loined with a strong suspicion▪ that the King of 〈◊〉 himself, would have an eye thither ward, where he clained the Crown, and professed himself to be a Sou●raigne King: and 7. Imperial regiments being already P●…zell, and Fratenaw, to stay the conquest● of the S●edes, and Saxons, or hinder them in the course of their victories. This made him strengthen his Army with a new supply of Ammunition, and access of new forces; at length having prepared a 100 Pieces of Ordnance, and sitted them upon their carriages, and joined his own forces with the Swedes and Brandenburgers, under the General Bannier, whose own Army consisted of 108. Companies of Horse, 24. whereof were levied by the marquis Elect or of Brandenburg; 5. Companies by the Duke of Pomerania: 8. Companies by the Dukes of Mechkleburg; 9 Companies belonging to, and under the General himself immediately. 8. Companies under Colonel Wedel. 4. under the Earl of Hoditz. 8. under Krackhawen. 4. under the Lord of Fels. 6. under the Commander Boy; and 32. Companies of Swedes and Finlanders, all Cavallary. 126. Companies of Foot, to wit, 30. Companies of the Elector of Brandenburg. 16. Companies of the Duke of Pomerania. 12. Companies of Mechkleburg. 12. Companies under the Commander Karr. 12. under Colonel Dromond. 12. under Porr Sanson. 12. under the Command of Weduss. 8. under the Earl of Hoditz, 12. under Lohausen: and 18. Companies of Dragonneers. 6. under Lohausen. 6. under Colonel Muller, and 6. under Porr Sanson: About july 15.25. having formerly (as they writ from Vienna) taken Shlun, Leuthmaritz, La●…, Brundeise, and other places, marched over the 〈…〉 M●l●… 〈…〉 which 〈◊〉 is now for●ifie● 〈…〉 as ●e●…r●y it hath b●… when it was ●…ine to ●…br●it to the Ma●… of the Field, and t●… 〈◊〉 not to be taken but by Arms and a ●…og●, the Armies, ha●… 〈◊〉 yglewed, with what success, it is yet vncert●…e, but doubtless, it is not to be expected that it should 〈◊〉 so easily gained as the ●axon Commander Paul Daub, took the 〈◊〉 of El●…g●…, upon the Eager: He● by a strata●…me though 〈◊〉 was both well fortified, and manned, and had but one way of ●o●ming to it, quickly entered, ●nd put the Garrison to the s●…d.  
And now to ●…mo●… the of ●…o●eedings of the● Princes, from May, ●…ll the 20. of july; you may ●ee them come from Fra●…keford upon the Oder, to Prague, the sp●… of of 120 miles, no enemy yet stopping them; a quick expedition done in a sho●…●me, and yet as ●…ppi●, a●…peedie.   

Further Proceed of the Duke of Saxony and Brandenburg. CHAP. X.  

The Saxon: and Swedes actions at Prague.  THe Saxon and Swedish Armies being advanced from Silesia into Bohemia, found more opposition at Prague then was expected; 12 Regiments of Horse, and 7 of Foot, every Regiment consisting of 12 or 1400 hundred men, were there under the command of Coleredue and Don Balthasar, two expert and valiant soldiers, which neither omitted the fortification of the City against assauls, nor shunned the danger of fight, to annoyed their adversaries. The hands of all the inhabitants, whether Christians or jews, Priests, or lay men, upon the first report of the approaching of the Saxon Army, were employed about Redouts, Sconces, Horneworke and the like pieces for defence, and the Arms of the Imperial soldiers were practised to offend the Swedes and Saxons upon their first coming.  
The Saxon General being satedowne about july 15.25, upon the one side of the City, and Bannier upon the other, th●… 〈…〉 upon the C●ty 〈…〉, by the ●…a●… of 〈…〉 and were replied 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 in the like kind, not 〈◊〉 out some ●osse on both ●…les; 8 ot ●00 men of the Saxons and Swedes being ●la●…e, and 600 〈◊〉 criali●…e, who had the advantage in height of ground and fortification.  
The City, in this short space, had been so liberal of their Ammunition; that they had spent their shot, and were brought to such an exigent, that they forced the jews to deliver them 4000 weight of Tin to make bullers: But the besiegers were brought to a greater want, of Victuals; the Imperialists having before pillaged the Country about, from whence they sought for provision of which, they were by this means disappointed. This made the Generals unwillingly rise; Arnheim marching towards Leuthmaritz, to refresh his Army in the Konigritz Circle, and Bannier towards F●ger.  
This sudden change caused a general suspi●…on in the United Princes, that the Elector had mad● a ●ruce for 4. weeks with the Emperor; and this jealou●… could not be concealed, but burst forth into a ru●…our and the tale was augmented by often repetition, the shadow of the truth thereof being confirmed by report of Trumpets sounding, and Heralds proclaiming a cessation from Arms, during such a season. Icalousie is still projecting, and works commonly upon the worst; It appeared quickly, that all this report was grounded but upon imagination for the Swedes and Saxons still prepared to war; ●id the Ambassadors of the Emperor, perceiving the fruitless hopeless issue of the Treaty, desired leave to departed, and a Connoy to V●….  

The Duke Electors daughter married to the Prince of Denmark.  The Elector himself was by this re●…ned unto Dresden H●… ●…ed his company at home● aswell as Bellona abroad; his daughter was espoused to the Prince of Denmark and the solemnity of the Nup●…alls requited his personal presence. And yet the time thus spent, was not upon 〈…〉 and R●… the common graces of such hono●…ble actions: In the mid●… of these sports, he ●…st a serious eye, upon the main ●y●…esse; an as if, these usual exercises, at such an extraordinary time, had been but rememb●…rs of what must be done in ea●…est; he le●…ed new F●… to strengthen his Army, which, August 6.12. as they writ from Drosden, marched to the Army in Bohemia, which was afterwards said to be complete of 30000 Swedes and Saxons, lasty able men, trained up is discipline and desir●… to sight. His Lieutenant General upon this occasion, retired himself thither also, for the space of 3. or 4. days; but as one which mooned out of his properelement, while he was not in war, in this short space dispatched his business at Court, and having given the Bride a chain, worth 8000 Rixdollars, as an acknowledgement of gratitude to the Saxon Family, returned to the Camp at Melnick.  
This occasion, though it thus removed the persons, who had the prime charge in direction, did not call aside those who were deputed to the devout attendance of the Array in religion; the Chaplains, appointed to the worship of GOD, remained behind them, and were still busied in their ministry.  

A strange apparition in the Air at Melnick.  At Melnick was the Rendezvous of the Saxon Army; and here, in time of prayer, july 24 August ●, was a strange token in the Air, which is thus delivered by Letters, bearing date the same day.  
This day about Evening, when our Electors Chaplain was at Prayers, there appeared a sign in the Sky, liken fiery Beam: when he had finished his course and the Lieutenant ●…enerall Arnheim his Chaplain did his offices, there appeared another in the form of a Sceptre fiery-r●d, just over the house where he made hi● Sermon, asso●…e us Prayers were d●…e, and the Chaplain had spoke Amen; the sign vanished: It was seen of many, etc.  
〈…〉 to from 〈…〉 his 〈…〉, and 〈…〉 o● th● 〈…〉 where they 〈◊〉 the 〈…〉 to preach again; and having 〈◊〉 things there▪ 〈…〉 are kingdom, reso●…d en●… 〈…〉 in 〈◊〉 with the ●…iall Army there, or by 〈◊〉 the chief C●ses and p●…ces of 〈◊〉, to bring the people to obedi●…. Their march begot a gener●… 〈…〉 throughout the whole ●…gdome of Bohe●…, at 〈◊〉 e●…lly, from w●… the ●e●…, and all the 〈◊〉 and Tryars ●led, except a few 〈◊〉 which abode still in the old City.  
At Melnick there had been lately abridge of Boats 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 for the convenient passing, and repas●… of the 〈◊〉; but the 〈◊〉 rising high, whether by 〈…〉, 〈◊〉 might 〈◊〉 the South pair of the kingdom of Boh●…, o● by the opening of some Sinces, as some conjectured, the Bridge was broken in pieces, and made useless; and a new one was fain to be made, here 〈◊〉, not without great charge to the Election▪ both ma●… and wor●…en being brought out of M●… 〈◊〉 this work.  
The Armies are now jointly mar●…ing forward (〈◊〉 about 10000 men which were 〈◊〉 towards Z●ickaw and 〈…〉 passage) and August 6, 1●, they came 〈◊〉 the of L●miburg, which ●…h upon the Ell, about 〈…〉 from Pragas, and s●…oned it to 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 and Garrison, standing too stiffly 〈…〉 to re●…is acmy, 
Li●…g taken by a●…lt.  it was straightway 〈…〉 〈◊〉 by the Canon, a breach made in the walls, ●…ed by the Swedes and Saxons, who ca●…ed the place before them, and in the heat of fury▪ forgot to show any mercy. In the City, th●… ●ay 〈◊〉 Co●… of I●… Drago●…neers, and three companies of foo●e, these ●ou●…ers, assisted with the Ci●…ons, and 〈◊〉 (of which there were many is the City) and Women, which out of a d●sporate madness, threw burning pitch, & scalding w●…er upon the Army: made what resistance they were able, thinking thereby to save themselves, but their unadvised actions provoked the invaders to anger, which was not pacified but with the death of above 2000, persons in that City The principal Commander, in the midst of the slaughter, with 150. Soldiers retired into the Castle, and 〈◊〉 called down to the Evangelicall Commanders, ●raued quarter, offering to pay a great ransom. But the same tongue, which then begged basely, had formedy railed against the persons to whom it was now a Petitioner, despirefully; they stopped their cares against the Petitioner, and put him to the Sword also, with all those which were with him, except some few which obtained quarter. Some Imperial succours were coming to relie●… this place, but those the Army encountered also, slew many, took the Wagons, and carriages, and form the rest to confused flight; it was a crue● victory, but what also can be expected from an offerded and enragedie●… There is a fate in Mortality; and foolish men by their w●rds, and works, call upon themselves a swift destruction.  
This City is a place of importance it yields a free passage to the Army, either for Mora●…, or Austria, and as themselves write, they can how at their pleasure, cut off all provision from their enemy, and force him to come into the open field.  
After this victory, the Cenerall Bannier posted to the Elector at Bresden, whither he arrived, August 12.22. and his Army marched towards Br●…deise, where they first got the bridge from the Imperialists, and broke it down, then ●…t in pieces 200. ●…abats, which were hindered in their flight, by reason of the ●…uec, and lastly took the City.  

joachims'. Thal yielded by composition.  〈…〉 is, about I●ly ●7. August 〈◊〉 the Saxon Com●…es Barshe●…, which 5. Companies of Horse, and 100LS. Masque●ires, affaulted the Castle of joachims-thal, in which lay one Company of Imperial foot. They within desen●ed themselves well for the space of 3. hours; but then the Saxon being got under the palisadoes, and secured from the Musquet-shot, they came to agreement, marched forth with Bag and Baggage, high and low weapons, and were conducted by 3. Companies of Horse 〈◊〉 Shleckendmald.  

The Diet at breslow.  The second Sessions of the Provit crawl Diet for Silesia, was held about this time at Breslaw, and thither his Imperial Majesty sent an Agent to advice the Princes, and Poeres that they would continue in his Imperial protection, assuring them that upon their obedience all things should be and remain in their former state, and dignity. The answer of the Poeres in unknown; yet they writ from Silesias August 4.14. that they consulted principally how to descend themselves, and aid the Confederate Princes; in the mean time it is certain, that there was on neither part any cessation of Arms; 
Hirtshberg burned by the Imperialists.  Hertshberg a fair Town in Silesia, upon then river Bober, had afforded much Corn, and other provision unto the Imperial Army, when it went, from that Provine into the King doom of Bohemia, and had obtained a special safeguard from the Field-marshal Coloredoe, under his hand, and seal, yet 2000 Imperialist afterward, without respect, either of the benefit they had formerly received from thence, or the condition made by their principal Commander, assaulted it about july 19.29. and after a small resistance, made by the inhabitants; set the Suburbs on fire, which was so increased by the whistling wind, that it took hold of the Town also; where the flames so prevailed, that not so much as one house escaped free, but 341. Dwelling-houses, and 56. Barnes were burned to ashes, and there perished in the fire 36. men, and 2000 beasts. 
Goltz taken by Vitzthumb  About the same time the Saxon Commissary, Vitz-thu●be went with some forces against Goltz, a place of strength upon the river of Oder, and having forced it to yield to the discretion of the Saxons, 100 Soldiers that were therein, took pay under him, but the Commander, which was a Lieutenant Colonel of Rostocks regiment, 2. Captains, and other Officers were sent as Prisoners to Breslaw, and then as they writ from Breslaw, was the Oder totally cleared, till beyond Oppelen: about which time also, one Partee went from Brieg, towards Neuse, where the Imperial General Mayor, lay with 600. men, and brought away above 400. head of Cattles, and other booty: and another Party apprehended a Captain of Rostocks regiment, with his 20. horsemen, and brought them Prisoners to Brieg; 
Lieba taken by Onslat.  and the Commander Bosen, which lay in garrison at great Glogam, took the City of Lieba by Onslat, in the night; put 70. Imperial Musquetires to the sword, and obtained a rich booty: so that now as they writ from Breslaw, Silesia is fully clear of Imperialists, save only at Neuse, Lignitz, and Olaw, which last, is thought, will quickly be surrendered, because the Colonel Roland, who commandeth therein, had some conference about july 24. August 3. with the Saxon Lieutenant Colonel Pebitz, to that purpose.  

AN Extract of some principal Letters from Holstein; as namely from Husem, Bredstadt and Shlesewick, in which is described an perfect relation, of the terrible and great Flood; and what harm it hath done at Fundren, and in the same Circuit and Countries; as also at Bredtstedt and in the same Circuit and Countries, and what Villages, Churches, Schools, together with an innumerable multitude both of men and Cattles perished, and were drowned in this Flood; as also of the overwhelming of the Nordtstrandt; all which happened the 12.22. of October. 1634.  
Imprinted at Shlesewick. 1634.  
Dear Brother,  
I Cannot but write unto you of our sorrowful and miserable state and condition in these parts, namely, of the late great deluge of water, which subverted our whole Country; washed away and overwhelmed both Villages, Churches and Schools, insomuch that it is not known where one or other neighbour dwelled, and it is not known what became of Friends,; Father, Mother, Sister and Brother: So that the misery of this our Country is so great, that it cannot sufficiently be decribed. Many Market Towns and Villages were drowned and overwhelmed, together with many thousand men, some few which escaped, saving themselves upon the great and high walled houses. The Ocheholmer Church was whole carried away by the water, and left in the Long Horn; and in Ocheholm were drowned above three hundred men young and old, together with the Minister of the said Town, and above six hundred heads o● Cattles, besides Sheep and Hogs: Moreover, you shall know, that the most part of the Town of Earoltofft, together with the Ministers and Inhabitants thereof are drowned: the Repshlegers Tents, together with all the people that were in them are likewise driven away and overwhelmed; Further, our good friend Peter Shlusen-Bawer, together with his tent and sixty men is carried away and drowned, and the water did flow over all Diecke; hence ye may easily judge how high the water hath been in these parts: In Bargain Kirchspiel were drowned above 250 men, together with all the Cattles; Steady, Sandt, the whole Kirchspiel, Sublomers' Brugge, and both Krugen, together with all the People, Children and Cattles are also likewise drowned and overwhelmed, and no man can see where a dwelling house hath been: Wideken-hardl and Mohr, and all the Country of Hardl are overwhelmed, and almost all the people and cattles in it drowned; and betwixt Wannegardt and the old Dicek, in the way towards the Mohr the country is so spoiled, that the ground will hardly be tilled any more. The 1828 of October, the Breitsleders went abroad with Boats, and rowed up & down the country, they carry along with them, fresh water, Beer, and Bread, and victuals, thereby to save some folks, if they can find any yet alive. At Ro●rbeck in one of the Kirchspiels, were drowned above 1000 persons, together with all the Cattles both small and great: Further you shall know, that the whole Nordstrandt is drowned, and all the Goods, Wares, Woods, Forms: Chests, Trunks and other Wares lie on our side in such a quantity, that if some hundred Wagons carried all the year long, they could not carry all away: there were likewise ships on the othen side of the Nordstrandt, which sailed quite over the land, and lie now here in the Geest upon the dry land in the Sand, and must be carried away again in pieces. The flood also hath done so great harm in Windinghard and Ries●mohr, in Eyderstade and Nordw●…t Dilma●…h●…, that in the m●st places, of 100 men, there escaped not above 8 of 10. and of the cattles not about 2 or 3. The loss is so great, that no man is able to express it; and Churchyards here are daily used for burial of the dead bodies; and they have every day enough to do to bury them. In S●entebull is not one man lest alive. There happened likewise a strange example, for there was found a dead man, which was very well known, and near him was found lying a great Dog, whom the people chased away, and afterwards went for a Wagon to carry him to the Churchyard, but when they came back again to fetch away the dead corpse, and to bury it, they found there again the  Dog, which had digged a hole with his feet, and put the dead man's head into the hole, and covered it with earth, what he meant by it, or what the signification of it was, we do not know, notwithstanding the people carried the said dead man away, and buried him. The miserable and doleful estate and condition of ●…d●…stadt and Stablehalm, for brevity's sake, and because I am in haste, I will not describe; By reason of the great sorrow and sadness, I can write no more.  
H●…sen. October. 19 29. 1634.   

CERTAIN MISCELLANY RELATIONS, OR PASSAGES, Concerning Rome, Italy, France, Spain, the Low-countrieses, Turkey, Poland, Rushia, Swedland, and elsewhere. Containing many very remarkable things, done this last Summer, and since.  Written, by the same Author. 
Imprinted. 1635.  
THE ENTERTAINMENT OF THE CARDINAL INFANTE INTO BRUSSELS.  
THe fourth of November, about four or five in the afternoon, the Cardinal Infante entered into Brussels by the Louvain gate, though he had been entreated to stay a little longer, that the Citizens might have time to make there preparations.  
He was clothed in crimson veluer, trimmed with plate lace, he had his sword by his side, mounted upon a white horse, attended with Torches of white wax, and accompanied with above a hundred Gentlemen of the Country, richly suited.  
Betwixt the two gates, in a Basin of Gold inammelled, they presented to him the Keys of the Town, which he took, but restored them again immediately, and it was observed that he did it with his left hand.  
The Queen-mother stood at her window to see him pass by, whom as soon as he perceived, he put off his hat ten paces before he came before the window, and did not put it on again, till he was passed by the like distance.  
He made his first descent at Saint Argoule, where they sung Te Deum: and thence passing by the Town-house, where triumphant P●ge●…s wo●e errected for his entertainment; 
Queen-mother of France.  he went to the house of the Queen-mother, who received him with all respect.  
As soon as she was advertised of his Higenesse approaching, she came from her private Chamber, into the Presence-Chamber, whence as she was making a step or two into the Hall, which looketh down the stairs, the Jnfante himself came up, did her reverence, and saluted her, so they entered into the Queen's Chamber, where he stayed about a quarter of an hour. 
The Mounsiers Wife.  The Princess Margarite was there before him, and because he did not salute her at this interview, the Marquis d' Aytona excused him saying, that the Infante deferred it only till he should come to her House.  
From thence his Highness went to the Court, where he supped with the Duke, of Newburg, and the prince Thomas, who left a void space betwixt themselves and him; this night, and two other following nights Bonfires were made in all the streets of Brussels.  
The 5. day he was before Saint Argoule, in the habit of a Cardinal, accompanied with the whole Court.  
The 6. the prime Courtiers came in pomp to compliment with him; and the Magistrate of the Town, presented him with the best Wine of the Country, according to the custom. All the Provinces also prepared by their deputies, to congratulate his welcome.  
The Chapiters' and Churchmen did the like, and they of Tourney sent their Bishop and Deane for the same purpose. But it fell out unhappily at Milotet, the Guard of the Queen-mother were forbidden to wait, by father Campagne companion of father Chanteloupe, for not keeping the window before the Queen.  
The 8. about noon, the Sieur d' Amontot, Lieger of France, went to salute him, and to have audience, attended with twenty French Gentlemen: But his Highness having told him, that he must enter alone, he answered, That it was not the custom of France, and that he would not come in without his attendants. This was granted, and he complemented with the Prince, who was then in a red Hat, and a Cloak of the same colour.    

CHAP. XI. The Actions of France, Italy, Spain, and the Low Countries.  
HOw happy are we here, which under a blessed King, enjoy the blessed fruits of peace? ☜ the people of foreign Nations speak of it with admiration (for so I find it in a French abstract of the present affairs of the World, dated july 6. Stilo novo, Come l'Angleterre est détachèe de tout le monde, etc. As England is divided locally from all the world, so is it also disburdened, of those afflictions, with which other people are encumbered) and we ourselves cannot think of it, without thankfulness to God, by whose mercy: and to his Vicegerent our Sovereign, by whose wisdom, & justice religiously grounded in himself concionable & indifferently ministered to us, divinely blessed, and happily continued, we reap that Harvest, which other Realms would feign but see in the blade and cannot; they which know him, may see in him the true character of Kings in the beginning, whom the Historian witnesseth not to have been raised to the height of Majesty by popularity, but their known moderation; and they which can look back to almost 80 years past, if they but consider, how mercifully for so long time together, the Lord hath dealt with this Nation, may conclude that observation of Bodin to be false, that there is commonly an intermixture, and successive vicissitude of good, and evil Princes; ever since the first entrance of our Deborah, by whose hand the Gospel was so planted, that it took root in this land, we have lived in the Sunshine of true quiet, by the means of those two nursing Fathers of our Israel, the royal Father now which God, and his Son our anointed King now (and may this Now be long) with us whose prosperity, we have just cause to pray for, our safety depending upon his, to whom that Elogium given to Charles the great, the Roman Emperor, suits properly tantae est integritatis ut nulla aetas superiorem, nedum parem habuerit, Look about the world, inquire into all ages past, and present, in respect of his integrity, it will be hard to find his equal, impossible to find his superior. We that be his subjects must needs confess this truth; We under him, find that easy access to true sanctimony, by the free passage of the Gospel, which while Rome boasts of, is a Nursery of treason, and conspiracies, the venomous effects of cankered souls.  
But to come to our Narration. The City of Rome challengeth a superiority of power (how justly or unjustly, it is not here to be controverted) and precedency in place over and before all the world, and in this History I shall be so favourable to her suit as to record her first, though I find her not so active as passive adorned with robes of triumph, but mourning. The death of the Cardinal Virile, and his superstitious burial in the habit of Saint Francis, put the City for a time to some lamentation, but his large Legacies, and pensions bequeathed by his Will 12000. crowns to one, 100 crowns yearly pensions to others, and 60 crowns given in the same nature to a third sort of people, made them quickly pull the onions from their eyes and forget the fate, which was natural to him, and so beneficial to them. The only memorablething, which is worthy of record is this About May 13. a Friar of Ancona, named Cherubin Saraphim, of the age of 38. years, of the order of the Minorites, being clapped in prison by the Commissaries of the inquisition, broke out of his chains, and by slipping down by his bed-cords, for a time escaped. Notice hereof being brought to the Bishop of that Sea, a Proclamation was presently published, menacing death, confiscation of goods, and Excommunication to all persons; which should conceal him, and promising 500 crowns to him that should reveal him, and deliver him into the hands of justice; The people upon this promise, were very careful in the search after him, the ways were laid every where, the marks given out, whereby he might be easily known; and it was almost impossible, but that he should be again apprehended. 
A Franciscan attempteth to murder the Pope by Sorcery.  And yet for all this, five days he travailed undiscovered, and was gone as farre'as Rietti, a Village within two Italian, or English miles from Naples, 100 miles from Rome, when presently he returned to Folegni, where he had a familiar friend, in whom he reposed much confidence, and from whom he had received many kind letters and presents, during the time of his late imprisonment; The acquaintance between the Friar and the Folignian, was not unknown to one Martinengoe a Commissary of the Inquisition, who suspecting what the Friar intended, took Post, and came to Foligni; about the same time this Friar entered into the gates of that City. At his first arrival he published the Proclamation made at Rome, against the Minorites, set a strong Watch, at all the gates of the City, which artested the Friar, as he would have fled from thence, upon the marks which he was set out by, and there he was lately in prison, loaden with irons, and watched narrowly, for they proceeded against him, saith the French relation, from whence I had this story, leutement, not speedily, but softly as in matter extraordinary, and of great importance. I know not whether this Franciscan was more wicked, or unfortunate, more wretched by his execrable mischief, or last apprehension; (if yet, that may be any way ascribed to fortune, which is done by the providence and finger of God) the powers of Heaven, appeared to be offended at his former escape, a sudden tempest of thunder and hail, falling at the same minute of time, when he broke lose so furiously, that it beat down four houses at Bracciano, to the astonishment of the people. The crime whereof he was accused is this; He and certain others (amongst whom was the Nephew of the Cardicall d' Alcoli) having plotted the death of the present Pope, conspired by Necromantie and Witchcraft, to take away his life, intending to have the Cardinal of Alcoly Elected to the Papacy, whom this shaveling affected, especially as being one of his Order, and supposed would easily attain to that dignity by his faction in the Consistory of Cardinals. To effect this cursed design, the Conspirators made a sacrifice to the Devil; and offered, that some one of them upon whom the lot should fall, should emancipate himself, to the service of the prince of darkness, and make him Lord, both of his body and soul. The Lots were drawn, and he to whose lot it fell to he thus made a vassal to Satan, trembling at the horror, either of the fact, or his own mishap, fled presently, discovered the practice to the Inquisition, who thereupon apprehended these malefactors, clapped up the Nephew of the Cardinal, (for his safer custody) in the Castle Saint Angelo, and the rest in several prisons. There leaving them, let us look upon the preparations for war made in Italy by the Catholic King, and the progress of his brother the Cardinal Infanta.  

Marquis Spinola made Viceroy of Sicily.  The Catholic King, whose dominions in Italy are governed by Viceroys and Deputies having deputed the government of Sicily to marquis Spinola for the space of six years, upon condition that he should relinquish his Generalate of the Horse in the Dukedom of Milan, 
Don Carlo de Collonna Governor of Milan.  and appointed the Government of Milan, to Don Carlo de Coloma in the absence of his brother the Cardinal Infanta, about the beginning of May, began to raise an Army of Italians, who being joined with some Spanish forces, were to be commanded by the said Infant Cardinal as their General. Whether these forces should be bound, the neighbour Princes which had heard of the preparation knew not the Rhingrave as it is related formerly, attended their coming in the higher Germany, the States provided for them in the netherlands, and the French King mistrusting which way they would rake, 
Piguarola fortified.  caused Pignarola a town in the East part of Piedmont upon the river Poe, and cassal another strong Town there to be fortified with five new Regiments. The time of their stay about Milan and Naples increased, the Prince's suspicions, for the Army was six weeks in readiness before it set forward, the Catholic King having commanded, that they should not go forward, till he had taken order with the Catholic Cantons in Switzerland, (with whom he was to make an offensive and defensive league) for the safeguard of the Dukedom of Milan.  

The consederation betwixt the King of Spain, & the Catholic Cantons.  To this purpose the Catholic Cantons sent their Ambassadors to Milan 24, in number, who arrived there june 21. old style, where they took an oath to continue firm friends to the Crown of Spain, during the life of the King, and the Cardinal Infant his brother; promised to furnish out an army of 12000. foot, for the securing of the Dukedom of Milan, against all foreign invasion, and were Princely feasted, and entertained, suitably to the Dignity of so great a King, and the weightiness of the negotiation, The relation of the particulars is thus; The Confederation betwixt his Majesty of Spain, and the Cantons being ratified with much solemnity, in the great Church, a magnificent Banquet, was made for the Ambassadors in the Infanta's Palace, where the Cardinal first began, and the Swissers afterwards pledged the health of the King of Spain, in a large bowl of wine, and after the feast was ended, the silver plates, were given as a token of Princely bounty, to the Waiters, every one of them being permitted to catch what he could, and to appropriate it to himself. Nothing was omitted here, which did but relish of royalty, the walls of the Palace were as much beautified, with Symbols and artificial inventions, to give the Helvetians delight and contentation, as the Table was stored with rarities to please the palate. Upon the porch of the Palace stood the Arms of the Catholic King, as in a centre, the circle whereof was made of diverse Scutcheons, of the achievements of the Catholic Cantons; which there was drawn the picture of two hands joined, with these words Sic Concordia stringit. the Eyes, and palates of the Ambassadors, being thus pleased with these several objects, the Cardinal did also delight their ears, with the promise of the full payment of the remainder of their private and common pensions within the space of five years, and the organ of feeling, with the delivery of some ducats in ready money, the free gift of a chain of gold worth 300 crowns, and 100▪ crowns in coin to each Ambassador for their expense in their journey, and of a lesser chain of gold, and five Pistolets to each of their servants.  

Monsieur betaketh himself to the protection of the K. of Spain.  About the time of this League thus confirmed, the Monsieur of France made an agreement at Brussels in the Netherlands with the same King of Spain upon these Articles following: 1. Monsieur doth betake himself wholly to the protection of the King of Spain, and will not enter into any treaty with the King of France; within one year and an half, without order and consent of the King of Spain; nor when that time is expired, shall he make any agreement with the French King but by consent, and approbation of the King of Spain. 2. Monsieur shall command an Army of 12000. foot and 3000. horse. 3. The same Army shall consist of 6000. French, and 6000. strangers, the Officers and inferior Commanders, for the strangers to be appointed by Monsieur, and for the French by the King of Spain. 4. There shall monthly be paid to Monsieur 45000. crowns for the pay of the 6000. French men. 5. This Army shall be ready and complete in the month of September. 6. The aforesaid Army shall be enquartered upon the Borders of France, till a fit time shall come to conduct the same into the Country. Lastly, if it should happen that there should be a difference or breach betwixt these two Crowns of Spain and France, than Monsieur should adhere to the Spanish party.  
This done june 16. the Avantguard of the Cardinal Infant, betook themselves to their March toward Como a City in Lombardie upon the Lake de Como, distant from Lecco Westward about 8. English miles, himself being to follow them july 11. with the other part, which as some say, made about 10000 or as other 12000 men. And here arose some dispute among the Commanders, about the way they should take, the difference being grounded upon a suspicion of the French designs, the Christian King, 
The Cardinal Infant's March.  having by his special Ambassador the Lord D'Emmery not only procured the Duke of Savoy (of whom before he stood in some jealousy) to lay down his levies, but had obtained of him also 10000 sacks of corn for the victualling of Pignaroll & cassal, and liberty for the passage of some thousands of men into Montferrat, which way the Italian army intended to have gone; and projecting also the danger whereinto himself and his Allies were liable by the Spanish confederation, which the Cantons and Monsieur had entertained the States extraordinary Ambassadors the Paw and Knuill bade them welcome, given them audience, promised to continue his alliance with them, resolved the next August to send a puissant Army to the relief of his confederates, and already published his Patents, to levy 20. Regiments of foot, 12. Cornets of House, and four Companies of men at arms. But the Controversy was ended by the coming in of the Cardinal himself, who without pause took his way through the Veltoline into Tyroll, and so passed to Insprucke. The beginning of the voyage was somewhat untoward, a storm upon the Comer sea somewhat distempered his body, and caused him to repose himself in the Veltoline for the space of three or four days to recover his health: upon the march some part of his Army ran away by 20. or more in a company, whereof some being taken suffered exemplary punishment of death for a warning to the rest. But I must now look to the actions of the Spaniard, and Hollander first in the West Indies, and then in the Netherlands, whither the Cardinal is going to take upon him the Government, in place of the defunct Infanta Isabel Archducheffe of Austria.  
Every particular man is best able to tell his own story; Though there are few which will extenuate their glory, or relate their own actions too modestly, but swelled with the timpanous wind of ambition, make mountains of molehills. Yet in the American business we will permit the Dutch to tell their own tale, which I must desire the Reader to take it as themselves have delivered it in a letter from the Reciff of Farnambuco dated April 8. as followeth.  

The Spanish & Lowe-Countrey actions in America.  After the taking of the famous Castle of Riogrande the Deputies of the West-Indian Companies seeing themselves strengthened with a good number of shipping, well manned with soldiers, thought it good to make a new attempt upon the Spaniard; and gave command to Giseling, and the Colonel Sigismond, to sail towards the Cape of Saint Augustine, where they arrived the fourth of March last, upon the end of Winter. The day following Lichard a Dutch Captain came on bravely, and put in first with his ship into the Haven, and was followed with 9 others of the same squadron, which entered happily also; notwithstanding the thunder of the Cannon, and hailshot of the Muskets from the Fort, and landed their soldiers to the great discouragement of the Spaniards, who presently fired their Sugar-houses, and retired into the Fort Nazarett. The haste of the Spaniards to get into the Fort was such, that they were constrained to leave in the Haven fifteen Carvels and Barks loaden with 1300. chests of Sugar and Brasill wood, as a prey to the Hollander, (who being first seized of that prize) Colonel Sigismond went down the his Soldiers to the point of land near the Fort, the Spaniards sallying out to make resistance, were constrained to return with the loss of some men, who were slain and deadly wounded, beyond the power of chirurgery to recover them; This retreat brought time to the Colonel to entrench himself in that Island, which is called New Valkere, for the resemblance it hath to an Island of that name in Holland, and is so fortifird since, that it is master of the Haven, the Spaniards in the Fort being brought to a desperate estate, and without hope of succours; If you now demand what the Spaniards which are in the Country do, while we of Holland are blocking up the Cape of Saint Augustine they thought to have surpr●z●d this Peninsula de Reciff, which is a Colony of Hollanders, and lies at the very mouth of Fernambuck; but the plot held not. Queleun the Governor here, was informed of their design, expected their coming, attended upon the Haven with all his souliders well appointed, and two Companies of the inhabitants of the place, made them take their going for their coming; so they returned upon their departure, having given order to Captain Byma his Lieutenant, to assault the Spanish Fort Royal in the next Island, the Lieutenant wtih a 1000 soldiers, some granadoes and two Morterers marched thither according as he was directed, repulsed the Spaniards, who sallied out upon him from the Fort, summoned it to yield, but getting no other answer, than what was delivered by the mouth of the Ordnance, he returned, content to have thus recovered the honour of the Nation, which was supposed somewhat blemished, by the Spanish adventure in Reciff  
It now only remains, that I give you an account of what hath passed lately at the Castle of Riogrande in Brasill. The Captain Gersman who commanded there, having diverse times gone abroad, to see if he could find any Spaniards remaining in the Country, (for upon them only he cast his eye) finding the coast clear, came from thence of his own accord with all his Ammunition. He sent us word, that Rotelet de Tapoier an Indian and native of Brasill (being one of them who had stood in opposition with the Spaniards) first sent unto him an Ambassador some few days since to give him notice, that he was coming to the Commander, and desire his amity, and himself followed immediately after a Company with 300. men, and that they have made together a fast alliance and confederation: For assurance whereof, the Indian sent his Son 18. leagues from hence with 160. soldiers of his own, and 30. Hollanders who have slain all the Spaniards they could find; and afterwards when himself departed from the Commander, promising to return quickly with 1700. men, which should be at the Hollanders service, he left his Son behind him (as a pledge of his truth) with forty Savages, which give remonstrance either of their affection towards the Spaniard now, or hope of reconciliation hereafter. Thus much writes the Dutchman; And it is written, this Sugar and Brasil to be lately brought to Amsterdam, where the Sailors confirmed this Letter. And thus much for their actions abroad.  
Now we come to take a short view, of what they have done on both sides lately at home; the place is nearer to us, and the intelligence something fuller; I shall only look upon their public acts of Hostility, not the private quarrels, which have been betwixt some Spaniards and the French belonging to Monsieur; Such as presume to take the sword of vengeance into their hand, without lawful authority, aught to be punished with the hand of justice, and to have their names forgotten, and they only which fight for the maintenance of their Religion, and defence of their Country lawfully warranted, are worthy to be recorded to eternity.  

An Edict against the payment of Contribution to the States.  The marquis of Aitona began this year, with his Pen and Paper to oppose the purposes of the States, he published an Edict, forbidding the subjects of the King to give any more contribution to the Estates, and was replied unto by a Counter-placart, or Proclamation by the States of the United Province, and the tenor of the first of them runneth in our English tongue, thus:  

A Copy of a Proclamation written by his Excellency to the receivers of the Contribution, for his Majesty of Spain particularly in the Quarters of South- Holland, Althen, Bommels-Weerd, Huesden, Maeswael, and Nimmegen.  
RIght Wellbeloved, you know that the King in the behalf of his Subjects, to ease them, and to bring those, who are separated from us to obedience; hath contented himself with any indifferent Subsidies and Contributions; But the rebellious States foolishly behaving themselves, have to his Majesty's hindrance, and the grief of those which pay Contribution, exacted six times more, than his Majesty hath done, although his Majesty hath both right and power, to receive as much as they, especially in those parts where his lawful title to the royal Government is acknowledged. It is also manifest, that the Enemy (not contenting himself herewith) pretendeth himself to be Lord and Master, of the greater part of the aforesaid Contributary Provinces, and not long since endeavoured with a new trick, never heard of before, to forbid the Inhabitants of the Marquisate of Bergen-op-Zome, and the majoralty of Shertogen-bosche, to pay the duties to his Majesty, concluded by the last meeting of the Counsel of Brabant, to be due unto him, themselves, (by assaulting of their safeguards, and attaching the King's Officers) exacting from his Majesty's Subjects, in the quarter about Antwerp twice as much, as his Majesty in the process of the said Counsel had eased them of, which inhabit in the forenamed Marquisate and majoralty. And though his Majesty (who can do no less then maintain, and defend his true and loyal subjects) hath used all means to hinder those rebels, from doing any violence to the inhabitants of the Marquisate of Bergen-op-zome; and majoralty of Shertogen-bosch, yet we have lately seen (which is strange,) many Priests and religious persons imprisoned and haled away, as well in the Dukedom of Brabant, as in the Earldom of Flanders, upon an order made by the enemy, to imprison all Spiritual persons, as Bishops, Abbot's &c. (except those of the said Marquisate and majoralty, Over Mase, and Knicke) whom he pretendeth to be his Subjects, against all reason, against the will and well-liking of the King and Clergy, and the other inhabitants of those parts. It would be a great grief unto us, to find that our enemies should insult over our Subjects and our Sovereignty, and to do it upon the terms of a lawful war, and as though they had right so to do; It is therefore requisite that they should now stand to us and obey our command, paying their Subsidies, and Contributions to us, as they have done formerly to the Enemy, and according to the same rates paid the last year to the States by the majoralty of SH' Hertogenbosch denying to give way, or make payment of Contribution to the Receivers, or Deputy receivers of the Enemy, according to that good reason which we hope to manifest, and make known to all, which shall speak against it.  
We therefore, as well to uphold our Religion as Sovereignty, and for the security of our loyal Subjects, and to defend them from so many injuries and wrongs, by a List made by us, and sent to all the Governors of our Frontiers, charge all prisoners, and other persons which pay Contribution to the Enemy; to be careful, that our Authority be maintained, and that this inhibition of the said payment be observed by the inhabitants of the said Marquisate and majoralty within 14. days after the Date hereof upon Penalty, that if they take in a safeguard from the Enemy, we shall carry ourselves towards them, as his Majesty hath commanded; and ye shall make this our pleasure known to the inhabitants of the said Contributary Countries, and other Frontiers, by all the expeditions, ways, and means which may be; and so Well-beloved I commit you to God's protection.  
From Brussels the 6. of june 1632. Signed and Subscribed by the marquis de Aitona, and by Seignieur Della Failla.   
THis was the Effect, and the full tenor of the Spanish Edict, which was Countermanded with another from the States, as followeth:  


The States Counter-plachard.  The General States of the United Provinces of the Neatherland to all those, which shall see, hear, or read these send Greeting. We give you to understand, that whereas the Enemy, after the Victory gotten by us at SH' Hertogenbosch hath (without ground or foundation) pretended a title to the majoralty thereof, and after a kind of unlawful Usurpation, as well over the Spiritualty as Temporalty, done what is directly against all the Conditions observed, between us and them in these Neatherland wars, making themselves Lords, over all which belonged to the said Province, claiming a jurisdiction over the said Countries, forcing them to pay Contribution, against the usual custom here, and reason, and under pretext of a Title of right to the majoralty, disannulling us of our Sovereignty and Government thereof; We therefore thinking it fit to maintain ourselves and Dominions, by all means We can devise against them (which begun with unreasonableness and tyranny, and since continuing to heap wrong upon wrong, are grown to such excess, that at this present, they extract both from the Spiritualty and Temporalty, all that they have, without giving any reason or account of what they do; by which proceed, it appeareth clearly that the Spanish Government tendeth not to the conservation of the Inhabitants and Subjects of the said Country under Contribution, but rather desires their ruins, that so they may maintain their tyrannous Usurpation) have thought good upon mature deliberation, and advise, (which we have used the rather, to bring the enemy fairly to reason) to forbid all Clergy men, and the other inhabitants of our majoralty of Shertogen-bosch, and by these presents do forbidden them, and all others in those Frontiers, to exercise the Romish religion, either in private Conventicles, Churches, or other public assemblies; upon penalty of arbitrary correction to be inflicted upon all them, which shall transgress in that kind. And because the Enemy hath formerly banished the Ministers, and Preachers appointed to God's service, from the said majoralty, our will and meaning is, that not only there should be any exercise of the Roman religion there, until the said Ministers and Preachers be restored, but also that the Romish Cleargie-men which live under we, and go to other places to exercise their Religion, shall be held, and counted as Romish Priests of that place where they practise in that Religion, and not as our Subjects. And because it appeareth by the Copy of a Brief dated the 6. of this Month, and directed by the marquis of Aitona, particularly to the Receivers of Contribution for the King of Spain in the quarters of South Holland, Althen, Bommells-weerd, Heusden, Maes-Well, and Nimmegen, that their intent is after few days to break up all our safeguards in the countries' aforesaid; Therefore we can do no less but make it appear by a sudden example, that we shall do the like in other quarters, where there is any resort of the Enemy, and that we hold ourselves discharged of any condition made betwixt us and the Enemy, in the said majoralty. And because no man shall hereafter plead ignorance, but that they may the better know our intention and meaning, this our declaration shall be set up in all places expedient, with all speed written at the Hage, under our Seal by our special Secretary, june 20. 1634. Signed by Van-Beaumont the Precedent; according to the Decree & ordinance of the high and mighty Lords the Estates General, subscribed by Cornelius Much, Sealed with red Wax, and imprinted by the Lords the Estates Printer, at the Hage.   
The several Edicts distracted the people, no man thought himself safe in those parts, to which these tempests tended, and though as yet there was no Sword drawn thereabouts, the people fled with their goods to places of more security, all suspecting that this proceeding was but the Prologue to a Tragedy, and not to be concluded with light words, but mortal strokes.  
It had been well with this Country, if there had been no other but a Paper war; words cannot wound, but when the Quill and Parchment are turned to fire and sword, than Horror appeareth in its proper Image; dreadful to look upon, even with the eye of imagination. But mischief grows quickly to the height; a spark of fire produceth a flame sometimes, which doth not blaze for a while, but like that conserved at Rome by the care of the Vestal Virgins doth last to after-ages. And yet I do not foretell, but fear the continuance of War in that Region, which after the publication of these Edicts, as much cried out to her friends, to deliver her from her enemies; 
The Princess of Orange delivered of a Daughter.  as the the Princess of Orange did at the same time for a Lucina to discharge her of her Princely Burden. It was with this excellent Lady, after the course of Women, the pangs of her childbirth were soon forgotten, by the birth of a young Princess, which was Baptised with all solemnity; june 7. in the Court Chapel at the Hage, and named Albertina Agneta; the particular Witnesses, or Gossips being the Eldest Daughter of the Queen of Bohemia. The Lords the Estates of Zealand and Over-Ysell, the Count William of Nassaw; and the Deputies of the Cities of Amsterdam and Leyden, which the same afternoon were feasted by the Prince of Orange in Princely state, according to his and their Dignities.  

Preparatie made by 〈◊〉 and sand.  The Country is still in travail, by Sea, and land preparation is made for War; the Spanish and Holland ships like the Trojan Horse, are stuffed with armed men; the one bringing fresh forces to Dunkirk, to be employed in the King's service, and the Hollanders Admiral being sent to Sea with his men of War to encounter that Navy, which consisting of 11. great ships landed at Dunkirk before the Admiral could reach them; The Spanish Soldiers as they writ from Antwerp, being 2000 in number, were very poorly apparelled, but the Catholic King to show his own Magnificence, and not to have them despised because of their outward habit, gave them 10000 crowns to furnish them, that they might appear as brave men outwardly, as perhaps they were valiant minded, for virtue is often clothed in rags and course garments, when fools and cowards strut in the Poppinjayes feathers, having nothing to be proud of but a gaudy outside, and gay clothing.  
This new supply of Forces being thus brought to the Spanish Army, the marquis sent his forces in the field in the end of May, which because they appeared first about Axle in the Earldom of Flanders, the Prince of Orange sent thither Count William of Nassaw, with 60. Companies of men, in all about 6000 to attend upon their doings, to raise some Sconces and redoubts against the strong Sconce upon the Polder, thereby to secure the City of Hulst, which lies from Axle about 7. English miles, if the Spaniards should happily attempt any thing there. But the Scene where Mars was to be an Actor, lay not here; Thence the Spanish Army marched toward Gulich-land, & first enquartered themselves in the little City of Berber situate upon the River Erp, belonging to the Earl of Reifensheid, the Hollander having a suspicion, but very uncertain of what the Spaniard then intended.  
There was sometime spent, before the Counsel of the marquis was discovered, they of the Catholic league, hoped that this Army had been raised for their succour, that it should march over the Rhine into Westthalia to withstand the Luneburgher, and Hassian, which had so distressed the Leagnish there, the Prince of Orange suspecting, what in the end proved true, that it would make some enterprise upon Lemburg or Mastrick in the Bishopric of Liege, marched after with his Forces, caused 400. hundred men to be laid in Lemburge, to the 400. which were there before, claptin 4000 head of great Cattles into Maestrick, gave order that every housekeeper should provide victuals for a year and an half, and put as many as could not so do out of the town, the Garrison there being strong fifty four Companies of foot, and eleven Regiments of Horse, and so thought sufficient (if provided of necessaries) to keep the town, though the marquis should besiege it.  

The Fort of Argentill taken by the Spaniards.  The first design of the Spanish Army was against the Castle of Argentill, a Fort strong by nature, and art but weakly manned, and it is to be thought worse commanded, 35. Soldiers only were in it, and these might peradventure have kept it if their Leader junius had not been either a coward or worse, but he yielded upon the first summons, and was arrested afterward at Mastrick by command of the States of the United Provinces, and not undeservedly; a tempest at Sea proves a Pilot, and the affront of the Enemy, discovers the Soldier.  
And now the Army being passed the Maese by a Bridge of Boats laid over the River by direction of the marquis, they busy themselves in making a Fort upon the River near Eisden, to block up the City Maestrick; and this was finished by july 16. the interim of time being spent unhappily in two attempts upon Limburg and Rhineberge, for june 27. july 7. 400. Spanish Horsemen going to make booty of the Cattles about Lemburge, the Garrison there having some notice of it sallied forth with six or seven hundred Musquetiers preserved the beasts from plundering, and made the Horsemen fly, having some of their company dead behind them. At Rhinberge their hap was somewhat worse; I shall relate the story as it cometh from Brussels, though the Hollander make the loss somewhat more, it is thus. 
The defeat of the Spaniards at Rhinberg.  A Bourgesse of the town, having discovered to the Spanish Commander in Guelderen, a way whereby he might pass the Moat, and come into the City secretly, he revealed it again to the Count john of Nassaw, who thereupon giving out, as though he would go to Collen with his Cavallary, marched directly towards Rhinberge, intending to take it by Onstaught, upon St. james his day at night; But a power beyond that of the Spanish (supposed) tutelar Saint protected the City, and their design was prevented by the care of the Governor Colonel Winbergen, who being informed by a Corporal which was privy to the plot of the Spanish project, doubled the Guards that night with his men at arms, and expected when the Spaniard would give the onset. The night was dark, like the sad fate which attended the adventurers; When Count john and the Spanish Commander came before the Town with 48. Cornets, 2000 Harquebuses a Crock, and six Canons; 200. Spaniard's passed the ditch, were clambered upon the Ramparts, and come into the City, when some other which followed with more haste then good speed, had no sooner cried out, The Town is ours, but the Guards within set upon them, and being as much encouraged by the bruit of the Alarm as the Spaniards were disheartened by darkness, and hindered by the rain which then fell abundantly, beat them back, slew 40 soldiers and two Captains, as many more in the ditch, and took 50. prisoners, the Count himself escaped not without a wound, being shrewdly hurt at the Gates as he attended upon the retreat of his soldiers; And thus was that attempt prevented; the States thereupon strengthening the Garrison, and rewarding the Corporal for his service, with 100 Rixedollers paid presently, and a pension of 12. Franks to be paid him monthly, as long as he shall live.  
The Fort being finished by the marquis, the siege of the City of Maestrick was expected daily, but though it was blocked up, it could not be said to be beleaguered july 20. New Style, (at which time this History for the present concludeth generally) no Enemy being to be seen in the field from the highest steeple in the City, nor no Mount or bank as yet cast up against it; 
Three Frenchmen taken by the Garrison, dismissed without ransom by the Duke of Bovillon.  this is only memorable here, that upon july 8. a footman of Monsieurs and two servants of the Seigneur de puylauren's, being taken by the Garrison at Maestricke, as they were straggling from the Spanish Camp; when they were brought into the City, were made to drink by the Duke of Bovillon, who dismissed them without ransom, and sent them back by a Trumpeter because they were Frenchmen; A noble Act, and showeth that the Duke loveth his Nation, and was not unrequired by Monsieur in the same kind, within less than a week after, the chance of war than ministering occasion to the French Prince, 
The like Noble favour showed by the Monsieur to some of the Garrison.  to show the like courtesy to some of the Garrison; it was thus, july 23. The marquis de Aitona had sent some of his Horse to make a bravadoe before the works of the City; but suddenly the Garrison sallied forth, took some of them, and slew five others: Fleshed with this spoil, they proceeded further to pursue the Spaniards, but were suddenly fallen into ae Ambuscado of foot, laid by the Commanders, who slew 7. of the Garrison, and took six others prisoners, amongst whom were one Scottish Cornet and a Frenchman, whose ransoms Monsieur paid, and sent them back to the Duke, giving each of them three Pistols, that he might not seem to come behind the Duke in Nobleness.  

The Prince of Orange in hand with a great design.  The Prince of Orange during this action of the Spaniards, was not idle, he still keptan eye over their actions, and leaving his Army for a time at Nimmegen, returned to the Hage, where after a serious Consultation with the Lords the States, he appointed a general day of fasting and prayer to be observed through all the United Provinces upon the second of August, and then came back to his Army, where he caused the Bridge laid over the Rhine at Wesell, to be brought to Rhinberge, for the commodious passage of some Hassian and Swedish troops, whom the States had retained in service, and with them, and fifty two Regiments of his own Army departed from Nimmegen about some great adventure; The Duke of Lerma hereupon came into Consultation with the marquis de Aitona and they concluded to send some Forces towards Dunkirk to strengthen the places thereabouts, and the young Count of Feria went from the Camp july 27. with the Regiment of the marquis de Sfondrat, and a Wallon Regiment, to abide in the Vaces for the conservation of that Province, which was deputed to his government. The mistake of the forty five Spaniards of the Regiment of Rouroy, which skirmished with fifty others of the same party, and charged home, holding them for Enemies, till an Italian Ensign was slain, and many of the rest wounded, is not worthy of this Story▪ It is usual in the state of War, to suspect all men, and ofttimes a misprision surpriseth friends in stead of foes, either by accident, or providence of the all directing power, I shall conclude with the Spanish proceed against some Noble personages formerly trusted in the managing of the affairs of State, and now suspected of disloyalty, and either mercifully pardoned, or meritoriously punished. The first is the Duke of Arschot, a Brahantine (for so his title speaks him) who was imprisoned at Pinto, kept under a strict watch: accused of speaking lavishly, convicted upon his own Examination, and condemned by the Commissaries appointed thereunto, (which were in number twelve, amongst whom was the Precedent of Castille, Italy, and Arragon, the Secretary Rocas, and the Father Confessor to his Catholic Majesty) yet afterward mercifully pardoned by the King, and so had not the sentence of condemnation brought to execution; The next is Don Bona-fides, which lost the Plate fleet about four years since, and is now condemned▪ and executed; The third the marquis De Catarita, who (as some say) being Admiral of the Indian Fleet, is imprisoned, because he fought with the Hollanders men of War without order, notwithstanding that he had the victory; but as others more probably, for imbeaz●lling, or concealing the King's part, there being found in his Navy four hundred thousand Crowns worth of uncustomed goods, which were thereupon confiscated.  
And now in this Story, I am come to the Pillars of Hercules, where I find a Nil ultrà Hereafter we may perhaps adventure upon a further discovery, and eraze that inscription which now forewarns us to pass no further.   

CHAP. XII. The Magnificent Interment of the King of Sweden.  
IF the death of Gustavusses were frequent (to wit, the triumphant Angustusses of the North) their foot in the stirrup, their Sword in their hand, and in gaining of Battles, I might then expect some other occasion might present itself, to demonstrate unto the world the manner of their Interment; and from the vanity wherewith the greatest part in these times are infected; who affect not to hear one thing twice, easily furnish myself with an execuse. But intruth all that hath yet been written concerning the Interment of this great King of Sweden, were but the preparatives to the true Pomp: the Reader therefore that desireth an exact Relation of the affairs of these times, may one day justly accuse me of negligence; if by forgetting the last act of his tragedy, I rather apply myself to please some particular persons, then by the recital thereof, satisfy the just curiosity of all others.  
The 34. Provinces of the State of Sweden, not thinking it enough to have undergone the extremity of grief: for this year and an half, since the doleful news of their King's death; having decreed by the common consent of their three Estates, to render unto him their last devotions, assembled for that purpose the 15. of june last at Meoping, either in person, or by their Deputies; that great City being fare too small to receive the multitude, which from all parts flocked thither. The Ceremony was first disclosed in the great Regal Hall of the Palace, where the Lord john Skite, Governor general of Livonia with a masculine eloquence opened again the wounds, which time seemed to have salved up; whose powerful Oration was seconded by the Exposition of the History of King josias, made by the Bishop of Westeras, the people often with their heavy sighs, making doleful periods: But all this was nothing in comparison of the mournful, and not studied accents, which the whole multitude made, when they heard the pitiful rumbling of the Coffin, being shaken as they conveyed it down the stairs of the Hall into the great street. The Coffin was made of Silver, and covered with black Velvet, which trailed on the ground, with a great Cross of white Satin, charged with Scutcheons of all the Provinces, richly embroidered in gold, silver, and silk; from the Hall it was carried to the Gate of the City tending towards Stockholme, by 24. Gentlemen, and there put into a Chariot, a 100 other Gentlemen marching before, each one bearing in his hand a Table, wherein all the Victories of this Prince were most accurately represented, as well those by him obtained against the Danes, Polanders, and Muscovite, as his other great Feats of Arms in Germany, the Forts, Cities, and Castles, by him conquered; and the Battles by him gained: two Regiments of Foot, and as many of Horse, made the Van. and Reare-gard, and in the front of the train were 8. great Cannons taken from the Enemy, each being drawn by 20. Horses. Before and on each side of the Chariot wherein the Corpses lay, being drawn by six white horses covered with black cloth hanging to the ground, than marched a 100 Gentlemen in mourning, and mounted on Horseback, next followed the Counselors of Estate, and company of the Guards, and last of all, the Count Palatine with the two Queens, both Mother and Daughter, bathing their cheeks in unfeigned tears. From Meoping this Convoy went to Sitrosta, distant but two Leagues from thence, and in the Church thereof was the Corpse laid, and guarded by the Soldiers and a 100 Gentlemen. The next day about noon they parted from thence and lodged two leagues further, continuing this order and time in their daily marches. Until the 20. of june, when they arrived at the Town of Brewkyekya, distant but half a mile from Stockholme; then began the great preparation for the Funeral show, which on the two and twentieth day of the said month entered in this manner into Stockholme.  
The Colonel Claz Horn marched in the head of a Regiment of Swedish Horse, and two Regiments Nobility and Gentry all in Armour, and their horses in mourning, being followed by two Regiments of foot, lead by the Lords Axel Lily and Otho Sparling likewise in black, their arms, and trailing their Pikes. Next followed two hundred Gentlemen which were Officers of War, and had assisted the defunct King in his Battles, every one bearing an Ensign gained in Germany. After them came the eight Cannons; And next came Gabriel Gabrielson Oxensterne, Rector, and eight hundred Scholars of the University of Vpsall, with all the Officers of the City, both Bishops, Doctors, judges, Ministers, and then came the great red Ensign borne by Frederick Stenbock, Colonel of the Cavalry; Then 34. Ensigns of the several Provinces borne by as many Gentlemen; Next followed a Horse led by two Pages, and covered with black Taffeta hanging to the ground; each of them trailing after them an Ensign; then came the Baron Charles Horn clad in the gilt Arms of the dead King, mounted upon a lame Horse covered with black Velvet, holding in his hand the King's Sword as yet all bloody since the Battle of Lutzen, attended by his Pages and Lackeys; Next followed the General Tortenson trailing along the streets the great mourning Ensign; Then came the King's horse for battle, covered with black Velvet, and crossed with white Satin, and the Arms of Sweden led by the Pages of the Chamber, assisted by john de Rothkerke Master of the Horse; Then followed Charles▪ Morner great Chamberlain, and Gasper Otho Sparling Marshal of the Camp in the head of 400. Courtiers; Next came the Heralds of Arms with their silver Maces and after them Gabriel Kell Colonel of the fort clothed in violet, and Otho Sak Colonel of the horse clothed in Red: next came Colonel Knut soop, carrying the garter: and Otho Van Sheyding Governor of Smaland bearing the Chain of Diamonds and the Ensign of Saint George; next came the five Principal officers of the Crown to wit the Lord Gabriel Oxensom great treasurer of Sweden bearing the key of Gold than Peter Bannier Vicechancellor bearing the Ball of Gold personating the absent director, than Charles Guildenheim Great Admiral bearing the Sceptre, and james de la Gardiner great Marshal bearing the great Sword and last of all another Oxenstern chief justice of Sweden bearing the Regal Crown, next follows the king's body borne by an hundred gentlemen twenty and five at a time supporting the Coffin by which four great Lords went; then followed the Count Palatine with his two young sons and George Guldensterne and after him came another troop of an hundred Gentlemen two heralds and two masters of the king's household, then came the Queen mother to the Princess now reigning led by two of the ancient Councillors in the kingdom Asiles Bisike, and john Shytte and after her the young Queen, conducted by the Lords john de la Gardiner Governor of Stockholme and Vpland. And Achatis Aceeli Councillors of Estate, also then followed Princess Palatine and her two daughters, each being led by two other Lords, the rest of the Ladies and gentlewomen followed after in white robes, and lastly Burghers and their Wives without order or number this train was closed up with two Regiments on foot and horse, and in this order were the Corpses conveyed unto the Grey Friar's Church, which is situate in the Island which was hung all over with black, Doctor john Bothvidi, Bishop of Lincoping made the funeral sermon taking his text from the death of judas Machabeus, which was ended by a Volley of fifty Cannons from one side, and threescore from the other, all cast in Germany, and transported them thither for other uses, which was answered by Nymes, so many by all the Vessels in the Port, which is the Capital of the Kingdom; for they spared not Salt Peter at the death of that Prince, who living so much delighted to see it burn.   

CHAP. XIII. The Russian, Polander, and Turks.  
THus fare we have made an Historical contexture of several Prince's actions; and would have gone forward in the like kind, with the Polonians and Muscovites, but that themselves have made an happy conclusion of peace. That controversy which is resolved satisfactorily on both sides, was well undertaken, and it is a blessed war which produceth so sweet an issue, and is the decision of all quarrels, and ground of friendly Union, such was that betwixt his Majesty of Poland, and the great Duke of Moscow which at first though it was prosecuted with all eagerness, May 29. a peace (some report it for 25. others for forty years, others for ever) was made betwixt the Princes, Pro regis Poloni, & reip. dignitate, to the honour of the Polonian, and not much to the prejudice of the Dukedom of Muscovia. 
The siege of Bielha.  The Scene for the War was Bielha a City in Bielskia a Province of Muscovia, situate upon the West side of the River Hinissa, upon the North side of the great Forest Wolknoske, & distant from Moscow about 100 English miles. Within the City was a very strong Garrison, and well furnished Magazine of provision of victuals and ammunition. The Poles were forty thousand strong, conducted by a valiant and wise General, well furnished with Military instruments, and would not for all the preparation otherwise desist from that design, which they were resolved on, but by Mines and their Ordnance went about to effectuate their intendment, for taking of this City. The whole passages on both sides, from the beginning of the War to the end, might perhaps (if well known) make up a little Volume, but I was not as Polybius in the Wars of Hannibal, an eyewitness of the Guests there; nor must I transcend my intelligence by imagination of what might be done occasionally (that might suit with the Poet, whose fancy hath liberty to play in shape of truth not with an Historian tied to his tedder, and limited without addition or substraction to relate things truly) nor must I look backward to any time before May, at which time this presented discovery hath its first beginning. In this space I find some assaults made by the besiegers upon the City, but unhappily being still beaten back with loss, to the grief of the King of Poland, who was not used thus to be repulsed, when he had undertaken a thing formerly. The besieged made some sallies upon the assailants more happily; but of all, this is the most memorable; About the end of April, when they had played upon the Camp all day with their Ordinance, at night they sallied forth by a Grotte, or Cave under the ground, fell upon the Poles in their trenches, and having slain many of them, retired into the City, by the same way, which they came out, the Earth over them being better than Armour of proof to defend them from the injury of the shot made out of the Trenches against them. This was but the first Act which they then performed; this was presently seconded with another of greater consequence, and had the Russians either not neglected, or gone on prudently to pursue the occasion, might probably have drawn the King to have offered them more honourable terms of agreement, than such as they were glad to accept afterwards: The King had raised a Fort before the City, as desensive for his own Army, as offensive to the Muscovites; in this he had placed two whole Regiments, one under the command of the Colonel Donhoffe, the other under Rade Welson, this Seonce the Garrison understanding to be at that time weakly manned, the most part of the Regiments being gone abroad a bootehaling, they set upon the next, put the Soldiers to the sword, demolished the Sconce, and carried away the Ensigns, and all which was there remaining. A prosperous beginning, and might have given resolvedmen hope of a wished End; but opportunity once slighted, is not easily recovered, and the Crown of a Soldier is made of Mulberry leaves; called by the Naturalists Arborum sapientissime, and Primroses discretion must be mixed with forwardness, they must be valiant in undertaking, and wise in the prosecution of their victory. Thus much they did, and did no more afterwards, as if their only aim was to gain their liberty; and had no hope of victory.  
The King much displeased with this-unsuspected mischief, put forth the work with all means and speed possible, besides the batteries with which he played continually upon the City, he prepared then three Mines to blow up the Walls thereof, which being hindered of their work by fortune, want of skill in the Miners, and the industry of the besieged, (for the first was filled up by a violent shower of Rain, and so made useless the second, when it was sprung, recoiled backward, and slew four hundred Poles in the Leaguer, without endamaging the City, the last though it wrought its effect, was prevented by the Byelthers, who had raised some other works within, just-against the place where the breach was made, and the King after wards assaulting the City, being repulsed by the valour of the Soldiers, who in the fight became Masters of the Colonel Weyers baggage, the Wagon appointed for the carriage of the Silver plates, and some Standards which they carried into Byala; 
A Peace concluded betwixt the Pole and Muscovite.  His Majesty offered conditions of peace to the Russians, which they accepted in the Name of the great Duke, and are here set down as followeth. First, that the City and Territory of Smolenskoshouk remain for ever to the kingdom of Poland; 2. The King of Poland should have free liberty to pass with his Armies, and repass at all times through the Dukedom of Muscovia into Swedland. 3. Because his Majesty the King of Poland, doth relinquish the title of the Duke of Moscow, the said Duke shall pay unto him two hundred thousand Rubells (every of these is about a Mark English) and one hundred Zimmer-zobels. 4. His Majesty the King of Poland, and the great Duke of Muscovia shall aid and assist each other at all times, when necessity requireth it. Lastly, all the soldiers which are willing to serve his Majesty of Poland, shall have freelibertie to be in pay underhim, and fight for him. The news of this Treaty, and conclusion was welcome to the neighbour Countries, the Towns of trade especially Dantzick in Prussia and Lubeck; In Holst gave tokens of joy for the friendly amity of these two Princes, by singing Te Doum, Bonfires, and discharging their Ordnance; But the Duke himself was not so well pleased, the relinquishing of Smolensko a City upon the Boristhenes or Nieper a place of importance, and the payment of so much money, upon so small a consideration so distasted him, that it is said he beheaded the Field-marshal, for descending, and yielding to such dishonourable conditions. The execution of this soldier, begot by consequence another mischief; He had a Nephew of a rash fiery spirit, who in revenge of his Uncle's death, hired some lewd fellows made for nothing but evil, to set the City of Moscow on fire in diverse places, which complying with his wicked desire kindled that flame which could not be extinguished, until the greatest part of that great City was burned to ashes; An horrid fact; and it so incensed the great Duke to anger, that he now threatened vengeance upon all the tribe, imprisoned the Field-Marshalls son, Nephew, and all the kindred, and (if our intelligence be true) hath already executed many of them; so procreative is mischief, that it seldom is without issue, and though the first Parent be pernicious, yet the child is commonly worse.  
This conclusion was fare more grateful to the King of Poland who besides the benefit of disengagement from this War, had now time (and it was high time so to do) to look homeward for the security of his own Country, 
The Turkish and Poles preparations.  which was threatened with an invasion of Turks and Tartars, a more populous Army than could be found in Russia, and a more formidable Enemy. Preparing therefore all possible opposition the King sent the Grand Seignieur an Ambassador, to whom though there was at first a fair tale told, that these forces were not levied to be employed against the Pole, but the Persian who had taken jerusalem from the Grand Seignieur, yet in the end, it proved a tale indeed, for the Turkish Vanguard by the beginning of july New Style. were come over the Nepper, but were hindered of their present purpose by the polack Field-marshal and Cossacks, which surprised them before they were ware, put two thousand of them to the sword, and going further entered the Turks Dominions, pillaging and wasting the Country, upon hope of present supplies from his Majesty, whereby they might be the better enabled to encounter so potent an adversary. This fortune of the poles, so enraged the Grand-Seigneur, that he presently sent out his whole Army to oppose them 60000. Tartarians, and 30000. Wallachians were appointed to invade Polonia, whom the Field-marshal again encountered but not with like fortune, as formerly his Vanguard was then cut off by the mahometans, and himself hardly escaped from being made (if not their slave) their prisoner. This news put a quickness, to the dispatch of business at home, 
The Diet at Warshaw.  A Diet was called before this at (Warshaw, and the Peers assembled; where the King hastening the business propounded only three general things to this assembly, and enjoined them to give a speedy answer; 1. Granting of Subsidies for payment of his Majesty's debts, which were occasioned by the Muscovian War; 2. the managing and preparation for this Turkish War, both with men and money; Lastly, a treaty of peace with the Swedes with whom the time of a former Truce was shortly to be expired; and these three were as quickly answered, Subsidies were granted, the managing of the War referred to his Majesty, and promise made to furnish him with the sinews thereof, money and Commissioners appointed to Treat with the Crown of Swedland, about settling of peace betwixt these two warlike Kingdoms.  
And by the last Letters From Danzike, arrived here the 16. of this Month of November 1634. it is assured, that that brave King Vladislaus came no sooner with a great Army towards the Swedeners, but he made and concluded a Treaty of peace (wholly to his own advantage and honour) with the Turk; and thereupon caused his Army to march backwards towards Persia, there to make as glorious Peace with the Swedes.   

CHAP. 14. The Siege of La Motta in Lorraine.  
THe great preparation made by the Christian King, for his own expeditions, and help of his friends is mentioned formerly; but advise without execution is frivolous: Consultations must be produced into Actions, the Hand must second the Heart, that is the Instrument of Instruments which worketh effectually; what else but notional, and concluded in the Fantasy? The King upon his first determination was resolved to proceed accordingly, and unwilling to omit any occasion, having formerly given liberty to the Captains, and Officers of his army to retire themselves upon their own private occasions, july 4, new style, 
A proclamation that all captains should repair to their several charges.  by a public proclamation, he gave warning to all the Camp Masters, Captains, and Officers of his troops of Horse and Foot, in his Army and Garrisons in Picardy, the Frontiers of his kingdom, and other Places, Principalities and Dominions, that within 8. days after the publication of this Decree, without colour or pretence of excuse, they should repair to their several charges, upon pain of being casheared, and loss of their offices. Enjoining the Marshal de la Force his Lieutenant General in Germany and Lorraine, all his Governors and Lieutenants Generals of the several Provinces of the kingdom, the particular Governors of his towns in Picardy, the frontiers of the Realm of France, and other places, that their soldiers should be presently in their Garrisons, that themselves should out of hand take notice of his pleasure to publish it by their common cries, and sound of the trumpet, and to affix it to their gates and eminent places of their cities, that no man might plead ignorance of his Majesty's pleasure, and so think to excuse himself.  

The siege of La Motta in Lorraine.  Here I must leave the King in the midst of his preparations at home, and set down his proceed abroad; and his conquest of La Motta in Lorraine, being the principal; thither our story now bends (omitting the negotiation of his Ambassadors in the Court of Rome, which was only for confirmation of that Bishop's love to the Nation, and comprotection of the Crown of France, both which though strenuously opposed at first, at last were granted. The Cardinal Barberino being designed by the Conclave to the last, and this we shall relate no otherwise, than it is set down by a French discoverer intwo several Letters, which being taught to speak our language, thus delivereth it.  
july 19 1634. That I may not yet be ranked among the old men, which can better distinguish of things a far off, than those which be near. I give you not a nosegay of diverse flowers gathered out of the common Garden of the World, but a particular flower, the siege of La Motta; the sprigs whereof will fill the hand, and give full satisfaction to the nicest curiosity.  

The situation of the place.  The town of La Motta (the strongest piece of Lorraine and as hard to be won as all the towns of that Dukedom beside, so verrifying that description of it made by the Historians and Topographers which aver it to be impregnable) is 12 leagues from Nancy; scituaned upon an high and strong rock, from whence it hath its denomination. This is that which makes it command the Country; there being no hill near it so high by 500 paces, and the inhabitants lately having fortified, an adjacent rock, at this present joined to the town, and called the Garden of his Highness. The hill is only a little declining upon the side towards the East, and there only to be batrered with the Canon. It is fortified by Nature 1000 paces in length, and three or four hundred broad, compassed with a Mote or ditch 18 paces broad, and seven foot only deep because it is upon a Rock, without water, save in one place only deeper digged than the rest to that purpose. 
Four mounts east against the town.  The Sieuxd ' Ische a Loriner hath the command there of 500 men in the Garrison, and others the Inhabitants. The second week of Lent last, the Viscount of Arpajoux, and the field Martial de la Force, gave order to block it up, at which time the Sieur de Bussi, quartered with his light horse upon the Northside of the town, repulsed some of the Garrison, which sallied out upon the Scottish quarter, and planted three batteries; one upon the next hill on the East side, against the place where the mountain on which the town standeth a little declineth, & two other upon the North-side, whence we have played with our Ordnance, and made a breach. Our trenches are generally about 400 paces from the town, and contain near 4000 in their utmost extent. We have raised here four mounts, one against the port of the town which alone is open. The second upon the West side near the same gate, which two are commanded by the Viscount d' Arpajoux, and have upon them three batteries: the first of seven pieces of Canon, the third of five, and the third of four. The second mount is upon the South side of the town commanded by the marquis de la Force: and here are two batteries, one of four pieces of Canon, and another of three. The fourth upon the North side of the town betwixt his Highness' Garden, and the town, commanded by the Colonel Hebron, and hath two batteries, one of three and another of four pieces of Ordnance, besides five mines in the bowels of the earth, so that in the earth and air with the help of the third Element of fire, we are now labouring to bring it to obedience. 
Five mines made in the earth.  The first mine is in the quarter of the Viscount d' Arpajoux, 32 paces in length good earth, fit for the use of the Potter. Here we are constrained to dig 35 perches deeper than in other places, because of the hardness of the Rock, and yet herein we go forward two perches every day. Here we make five several chambers or cells, every one of which shall be charged with 10000 weights of powder, & this is the Mine which in the end must give the fatal blow, being not to be prevented with a countermine, and sufficient alone to blow up the fourth part of the Town. The second Mine is in the quarter of the marquis de la Force, all Rock, of white and hard marble, and some pieces of it have been sent this week to his Majesty by the Sieur de Vignoles, who was sent to relate our proceed in this siege. This is 25. perches long, and is divided into two branches. The third is in the quarter of Colonel Hebron, full of veins of slate, and rocky, and is 26. perches in length. The fourth is also in the quarter of the Viscount d Arpajoux, all rock, and harder than the rest, in length 8. or 10. perches. The fifth and last in the quarter of the marquis de la Force, a Rock also, and of twelve or fifteen perches long. These two last have their mouths near the verge walls of the City, and are governed by the direction of the Sieurs Sexce, and S. Aman. We cannot above ground peep so narrowly into the bowels of the earth, as to prefix a certain day, when these works will be ready for the intended service, but it is probable, it will be in the beginning of the next month. The Sieur de Serre beside his other employments, is also busy in making furnaces in the Dock, wherein he is much eased by the crevices which be therein. Some of our forces, though they are already in the Ditch, which they are become masters of by their trenches, and approaches, yet they were there lately subject to many inconveniences by the musket-shot from the City, and broken pieces of the Rock, which are cast upon them so abundantly, that the 6. of this month (a thing almost incredible) a religious man, strong and valiant, or other to the Governor, cast from a Gabeon in less than three hours more than six cartload of stones upon the Regiment of Tonneins, every stone weighing 150. pound; the continuation whereof would have much endamaged our Army, the place naturally yielding to the besieged these offensive weapons plenteously: but the night following the Campe-master the Viscount de Turenne won the Gabion, and planted there a counterscarpe which he defended against the besieged as courageously, as dangerously. The Viscount in this design got himself much honour, as well by his wise direction, as valiant action; and though it was but a short combat, yet it was of much consequence, the hearts of the besieged hereupon so failing them, that they did no more appear near the brink of the ditch. Perpouctier Lieutenant of the Regiment of Turenne, Chelle the Sergeant Major, and Ferriere and Ensign of the same did bravely in defence of their quarter, though the two last were wounded, the Sergeant Maior with a musket-shot in the shoulder, the Ensign with a blow of a stone in the head. Lartigole, and Falaiche, 2. Sergeant Mayor, the one of the Regiment of Normandy, the other of Tonenis were mortally wounded, one with a shot in the thigh, the other in the arm. The Count of Poillea scaped more happily, a shot from a Falcon broke his saddle and pistols, threw him to the earth, bruised his thigh, and did him no more harm. There are at this present before the Town 15. Regiments, besides those of Pieardie, Navarre, and others which be not fare off, and 28. Cornets of Horse which are entered into the guards. The 7 and 5. pieces of the two first batteries upon the second mount, play at this present upon the Ravelin by the gate, and the neighbour Bastion, and it is thought they will make a breach, because there is no Rock to defend them. Here are also prepared 3. or 400. scaling ladders, to be used in assault as soon as the mines have plained the mountain, the soldiers being forward to the business, granadoes of 250. and 300. pound weight being also in readiness, and the besieged lately much daunted, and not daring to peep out of the walls, since the Lackey of the Governor was taken, as he was going forth with letters, which could not be concealed from us, though he using a strange invention, to hide them, made them up in form of a suppository, and put them into his fundament. Victuals are here good cheap; the Army is well paid; and the providence of the King is such, that he hath sent diverse brethren of the Charity, and other expert men, to cure the Soldiers of their wounds, and maladies. The besieged cannot suppose the French want courage, they see they have no other hope of succours but in the King's clemency, and know it dangerous to continue in his displeasure, to whom it is all one to have any man his friend, or his enemy: Thus the French makes his first discourse of the siege in his first letter, the event of which work he expresseth fully in another, bearing date july 18.28. as followeth.  
The hearts of the inhabitants of La Mothe, are no less appalled within, than their walls are valiantly assaulted without by the King's Army, who with patience and courage have finished their works under ground. But when the Marshal de la Force perceived that the main design of the besieged, was to deprive him of receiving any intelligence out of the City, he resolved to try what effect his Mines would work, beginning with the least of all, which was one of the three guided by the Commander Serres, which on the 26 of july, the Marshal then assaulting the place, was blown up two hours before day. The marquis of Tonneins being that night in guard in the trenches, who relieved the Baron of Montsvil, and who was to be relieved by the Viscount de Turenne. This Mine, though little in respect of the other five Mines, was nevertheless filled with 4500 weight of powder, and sprung with such impetuosity, that it blew up all the forepart of that great Bastion, except about a fathom, which the Marshal de la Force assaulted, together with a corner of the Flancher of the said Bastion, the earth which by the violence of the powder, was blown up into the air, fell into the ditch, making the access to the breach, so easy, that 25 men might enter abrest; there was on the Bastion when the Mine wrought, but one Sentinel, whose body the next day was found bruised amongst the ruins. The blow was so furious, that there was found an infinite number of huge stones a full quarter of a mile, which stuck deep in the earth with violence of the fall, yet this Mine wrought so favourably for the besiegers, that there was but one Sentinel of Monsieur de Franciers company slain thereby, who was 800 paces from thence. The design of the besiegers, besides the enforcing the breach, was to lodge themselves at the foot of the ruins thereof; for which cause the sprung it so soon, that by the favour of the night (which was prolonged for the space of an hour by the clouds of dust) they might accomplish it. As soon as the Mine had wrought, the defendants appeared in the breach, armed with swords, and shooting incessantly with Muskets, being favoured by their Cannon which played on the same place. The besiegers placed a great many Muskttiers on both sides the breach for to favour their lodging, the time on both sides being entertained with continual skirmishes. The assaylents being thus ordered; first a Sergeant with 6 Soldiers armed, advanced to discover the breach, at the top whereof, two of them were slain: but in case these had been able to force the work, there was appointed to second them 120 more, commanded by a Lieutenant, whom also all the Voluntieres, to the number of six score followed, who were men chosen out of the Army by the Commanders du Pont, de Courlay, and du Tetrenne: this troop of Voluntieres was the flower of the Army; for the greatest part of those Officers that were not that day in guard in the trenches, were of the number: after all these followed a gross of a 100 Pikes and Musketeers, but the breach by reason of the obscurity, being not to be plainly discovered, every man kept his standing in the trenches, expecting the morning light, which no sooner appeared, but it manifested unto the assailants, that the advantage they had, was beyond their expectation, wherefore they resolved to force them presently, advancing for that purpose, but the besieged seeing the breach so easy to be forced (which by the extreme darkness of the night, they were not able to discern before, although they had cast a great many fireworks in the ditch, as well for that purpose, as also to short on the assailants with greater facility) they resolved to parley, and demanded for that purpose of the Commander Vandreour, who was in the quarter of the Viscount Arpajon, if some of them might come forthwith security, which being granted unto them, they were received by the said Viscount, who questioning with them concerning their Commission, and understanding that they went only with some compliments to the Marshal de la Force, answered them, that if their business was for nothing else, they might save that labour, and consider by what means they might resist the King's forces, but they finding themselves surprised, with a necessity of treating, demanded an hours respire, promising in that time to return with full power, which they did; three of the City coming forth for that purpose, to wit, the Sieur de Stinuill, son to the Governor, a Sarjeant Major, and one of the principal Gentlemen of the country (who was to remain as hostage for those that should go into the City) the sieur de Vandecour being commanded to enter at the same time (as hostage for them) whilst the Deputies made their propositions (which for your satisfaction I will procure you) but considering the strength of the one part, and feebleness of the other, it is believed that they shall be such as it shall please his Majesty to set down, wherefore I speak unto you as of a place already taken: for beside the marquis de Tonnins (the ability of whose Regiment (regard we either the conduct of officers or courage of soldiers) assure us an easy entrance at that breach. There was fire to be put the same day unto a new Mine made in the quarter of Colonel Hebron, and the Town to be assaulted in two places together. The Sieur de Manican, master of the Camp of Normandy, who entered that day in guard, having made all things ready for that purpose, insomuch that the place is already in the King's power, in one fashion or other; which news the Chevallrie de Roches is gone this evening to carry unto his Majesty from the Marshal: for affairs were reduced unto their terms, that the King's Commissioners were appointed to enter the City the 28 of this present. The besiegers have lost only seven men in this last action, to wit, the Sieur de Vaux, one of the Viscount de Turrenne's Gentlemen, who was slain as the assailants endeavoured to lodge at the foot of the breach, he being first Sergeant of that Regiment, the three Soldiers that mounted the top of the ruined Bastion, and two others▪ There was 25 hurt, amongst whom was the Sieur Madallie, one Captain and Lieutenant of the same Regiment. The besieged acknowledge the loss of some brave men that day, amongst whom was that great caster of stones, that Ecclesiastic of whom I spoke in my last extraordinary named brother Eustall; for until then, presenting himself upon all occasions in the greatest danger, he had not been so much as hurt, but being then shot through the arm, he was therewith no whit discouraged, but retiring for to have it dressed, (which no sooner was done) but he presently returned unto the breach, on the top whereof he stood dreadlesly in sight of the assailants, which were there placed to make good their work begun at the foot of the said breach. The chief cause that hath seduced the Garrison unto this extremity they are in, was the death of their Governor, the Sieur de Is●he, slain six weeks since by a Cannon that made against the parapet of the great Bastion, a splinter from thence hitting him on the stomach, the Sieur de Vattervill succeeded him, a Swiss by nation, a man of approved valour, but inferior unto the precedent in reputation amongst the Garrison. Now if you ●…y take my Prognostication is not pre●…c●y accomplish, which promised the taking of La Mo●… 〈◊〉 beginning of his month) you may see it readered before the end of the same, which is wholly to be attributed unto the good fortune and conduct of the King's Armies, who faciliate their victories beyond expectation; and for to teach the enemies of this State, that his Majesties is no less redoubted in peace, than war, seeing the destiny of his Reign is such, that those that refuse the effects of his clemency; are not able to escape his force.  
This following Letter, translated out of the French doth express the manner of the siege of La Morre. The cause why the Christian King invaded the Duke of Lorrains' territories, and the terms upon which this strong place was surrendered.  

The cause why the King besieged La Motta.  Whereas the Christian King could not longer keep off the Duke of Lorraine from plotting and practising with the Spaniares, against his confederates, and allies, and had 〈◊〉 notice and good entrance, that he intending to join his forces with those of the Catholic King would arm his subjects, and employ them against the friends of his Majesty, as also that he meant to keep the sort of La Morta, as a place of safety for he Burgundian Army to retire unto. Hereupon his Majesty caused the place aforesaid which was held impregnable) to be besieged by 〈◊〉 Marshal 〈…〉 Force, and in fire places to be unders●…, one of which mines being spring effectually july ●…6/●…, Monsieur de Tho●eins assaulting the sort im●e●…tly thereupon, and taking one of the Bastions, the Governor d' I●… being formerly slain, with a shot from a great Ordnance, this agreement following was offered by 〈…〉 ●…sey, and St. Yo●, Commanders there, and accepted july ●…/●…; upon which day a Regiment of Normans to 〈◊〉 possession of the place, to the use of his Majesty, and the General de la Force, entered into the town● 〈◊〉 day following. The Articles are these.  


The Articles of the surrender.  1 That the Governors, Captains, and Soldiers which lay there, should march out with such furniture as was necessary for soldiers: their Drums beating, Matches burning, displayed Ensigns, and be safely conveied to Luneville.  
2. That the movable goods of the widow of the deceased Governor, the Captains and O●… 〈…〉 which they were at that present seized (of whi●… 〈…〉 give in the particulars upon their faith and 〈…〉 be left unto them peaceably, without res●… 〈…〉 passed in the time of the siege, yet they sh●… 〈…〉 to any part of their goods which they had 〈◊〉, and were gotten by the army from the beginning of the siege to that day.  
3. That all the Inbabitants & the Clergy men should have liberty to remain there, and hold their lands quietly, or leave to departed at their own choice, without hindrance, and in all safety.  
Lastly, That the garrison should have 20 wagons, & a sufficient convoy to carry away their goods & Baggage. Dated in the Camp before La Motta, july ●…/27. Signed Chaumont La Force, Steinville, Prinsey, and St. Yo●.    

CHAP. 15. The return of Monsieur ●…to France, Paris 12. of Octob. 1634.  
SIr, by my last I advised you of his Majesty's rest. ●on for sending his puissant Army into Germany, under the conduct of the Marshal de la Force, at present I shall give advice more advantageous for France; which is, that the Lord d' Elbene atrived yesterday in Court from Monsieur with letters to the King, which report that Monsieur resolving to retire himself out of the hands of the Spaniard, and return into France, taking opportunity of the Marquis of Ayetone his absence, communicating his design unto some few of his most confidents, who with others to the number of about 15. were ready provided. The 18. of this present about 8. a clock in the morning, they parted from Brussels under pretence of going a hunting, each man leading an horse in his hand beside that he rid upon, as indeed there was need; for Monsieur spoiled two in riding 25. leagues, for in all the journey he baited but once, by which you may guess at his haste, Monsieur the same night about nine a clock arrived at Capelle a frontier City, and from thence next day went to Soissons, in perfect health, as he testified by the rejoicings he made for having escaped out of the power of Spain.  

The Interview of the King and Monsieur.  
Saturday last the 21. of this present, an hour after noon, Monsieur the King's brother arrived from Ecovan at St. Germin, where the Lord of St. Simon chief Es●…ire unto his Majesty, received him in the first Court, the King had then dined, believing that Monsieur would have deferred his journey until next day, because the weather was very windy and tempestuous. But when his Majest●… was advertised of his arrival, he went forth of his Cabinet into his Bedchamber, being accompanied by the Dukes of Longeville, Monthazon, and Dechans, the Count de Soyssons, the Marshals of Chastillon, D'Estre, 
The Keeper of the great Seal  and De Bresse, the keeper of the Seal, the great Master of the Artillery and Superintenderie of the Finances, his Secretaries of State, Captains of his guard, and other Lords, and Gentlemen, which either their duty of their charge, or curiosity to see that famous action had drawn thither in so great number, that that spacious Chamber was not able to contain them, although the Ushers would admit none but those they could not refuse. All the passages unto the lower end of the stairs were full, and the press so great, that Monsieur was almost a quarter of an hour in breaking through it, which in the end having passed, he bowed himself very low before the King, who attended his coming near the door, and said unto his Majesty, Sir, I know not whether it be fear or joy that hath bereft me of speech, for at present I can do no more than demand your pardon for all that is past. The King embracing him very streitly, said unto him, My brother, I have pardoned you, speak no more of what is past, but only of the great joy I conceive by seeing you here: then embracing him twice more with such tenderness that it drew tears of joy from all the spectators. The Lord of Puyllaurans rendered his most humble obeisance unto his Majesty, who embracing him, acknowledged the remembrance of the dexterity he used in bringing back the said Monsieur. This done, the King led Monsieur his brother into his private Chamber, whither the Lords and Gentlemen aforesaid followed them. The Cardinal Duke coming from Cruel, entered in also a little after, and saluted Monsieur: who embraced him with great demonstrations of affection. The King saying unto his brother, My brother, I pray you love my Lord the Cardinal. The M●…sieur answered, Sir, I love him as myself, and am resolved to 〈◊〉 his counsels. This done, the Monsieur caused the Ushers of the privy Chamber to bring in the rest of his train that had accompanied him to this interview, to wit, the Lords of Davaille Captain of his guard, Lafoy f●…-imb●… du fargis Briancon, du Coudray, Montpensier, la Plesse Viscount d'Autel, the Barons de Rare and Baugefroy de Neves, de Verderonne la Vanpot, Count de Montresor, the Baron de Cire, Somerne, Drovart his Esquire, St. Urinal Lieutenant of his guards Charni●… and divers others who being presented unto the King did their obesance unto his Majesty, who graciously received them. These passages were so pleasing unto all, that they lasted almost 2. hours, until one said unto Monsieur, that it was time for him to go to dinner: (but he answered him, these four years have I dined without seeing the king, I can do no less than prefer this days good fortune, before any dinner) which being prepared for him in the king's secret Chamber, at length he sat down to table, being served by his Majesty's Officers; the aforesaid multitude still following him, that by the violence of their thronging the screen of the door was thrown down, which had 〈…〉, but 〈…〉 of heads & shoulder 〈…〉, and by that means made this happy 〈◊〉 guilty of no ominous disaster. Presently after Dinner, Monsieur went again to see his Majesty, but his visit was interrupted by the extraordinary Ambassadors of the King of Sweden and Ger●… who had that day assigned them for audience: so 〈…〉 Chamber, he 〈…〉 of the afternoon 〈…〉 of Courtiers; he also ●…ted the Queen, who that day arrived at Paris. That night he supped with the King at his own table, and the next day was entertained at 〈◊〉 by the Cardinal Duke, to 〈…〉 he would needs go, where he was received with great magnificence, and his Majesties Monsiers and the Cardinal's health● remembered. At night he returned unto Saint German, from whence on the 23 of this present, he parted for to go to his fair house of Limours, where at this present he now is.    

CHAP. 16.  

LEWIS, by the grace of God, King of France and Navarre, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting. We having for a long time since, many just causes of suspicion, that Charles, Duke of Lorraine hath taken advice, and practised with them which repine at the greatness of the Crown of France, and that afterwards he many times gave entertainment to the Rebels of this Realm, and drew our Brother the Duke of Orleans into his Country, where, not only the said Duke was engaged with strangers, the enemies of this estate, to enter into Arms, to the confusion of the Authors of that design, the end whereof was most unhappy, but also soulely neglecting his respect to us, and abusing the disloyalty of the servants of our said Brother, hath caused him clandestinely, and without our knowledge, to be espoused to the Princess Margaret his sister, again shall order, as well Ecelesiasticke as civil, against his own precise word often times given to us in his name by persons directly sent unto us; and against the treaty lately agreed upon betwixt us, and him, wherein he promised not to intermeddle in the affairs of our Brother, nor to adhere to those designs, to which those Rebels who had gotten into his good opinion, had drawn him to our prejudice, to cease from all correspondence with strangers ill affectioned to this State, and not to do any hostile act against us, our friends and allies: and for the assistance of this promise, had put certain places of his, into our hands, notwithstanding that he ever persisted in his evil behaviour towards us, continuing his practice and intelligence with the said strangers, enemies of this Realm & using diverse hostilities against us and our allies, and in the end caused the pretended marriage betwixt our Brother the said Duke of Orleans, to be published by the Cardinal his Brother, though he always before kept it secret from us. The which caused us the last year upon a just resentment to transport our Arms into his Country, and besiege the City of Nancye, which the Duke seeing himself unable to defend, by a late treaty at Charms, put into our hands, promising as well then and there, as formerly, to abstain from practising with the said strangers, from hostility against our allies, and to do what was possible to dissolve the pretended marriage betwixt our said Brother, and his sister; which promise he thought himself no more bound unto, than was his Brother Nicholas Francis, late Cardinal of Lorraine, each of whom refusing being required of our part upon that occasion, to do some things both just and easy, have thereby, and by many other actions testified, that they would maintain the said pretended marriage; so that seeing the said Duke to stand off from giving us satisfaction, and to renew this enterprise, than which nothing could be attempted more in juriously by a vassal of this Crown (such as he is) against us his sovereign Lord.  
Now we resolving seriously (as we have done) to give him such a just ca●…gation, as he hath merited, by the means which God hath put into our hands, to the end, that posterity may know, that in this action we have done what we ought, for the good and greatness of our State, and that during our Reign, we will not suffer the breach of the principal and fundamental Laws of this Crown to escape unpunished. In which God hath blessed our just intentions, having on the one side given such an happy success unto our Armies, that they have brought all Lorraine under our subjection: and on the other, the course we took in our Court of Parliament, for punishment of the crime of Rape committed by the D. of Lorraine, upon the person of our said Brother, the D. of Orieance, was found so just and lawful, that our said Court by an Act of the fifth of this month, declared the foresaid pretended marriage of our Brother with the Princess Margaret not to be contracted valuably, and adjudged the said D. Charles, vassal of our Crown, for the attempt and Rape committed by him, as also the said Nicolas Francis, and Henrietta of Lorraine to be guilty of Treason, felony, and Rebellion: that the condemned. Duke for his restitution, should confess unto us (as to his Sovereign) in a place we should choose before the Princes, Dukes, Peers, and Officers of this Crown, That by treason and conspiracy he attempted to make a contract, of the said pretended marriage not only against our Will, against the assurance he had given unto us, against his promise to undertake nothing without our consent, and the prejudice of his fealty due unto us, as being our vassal, but also against the Laws of France, the Ordinances of the Kings our predecessors, the honour of our Crown, and the security of the estate, of which he now repenteth, and humbly craveth pardon. To which declaration, the said Nicolas Francis and Henrietta of Lorraine, should also stand: and our Court also banished the said Charles, Nicolas Francis, and Henrietta of Lorraine, out of the Realm for ever; declaring, that all the Estate they held of the Crown mediately or immediately should return, be reunited, and reincorporated unto it; and that whatsoever goods they had in France, whether movable, or , should be confiscate unto us; and to the end that the memory of justice done upon such an attempt, Rape, Felony, and Rebellion, might be conserved to all posterity, a Pyramid should be raised in some place of the City of Bar, where on an engraven plate of Brass shall be fixed, containing the Arrest, and the just causes thereof. And because the said D. Charles hath infringed the treaty, broke his word, and violated his Faith, We were humbly entreated by the said Arrest of Parliament, by the way of Arms to satisfy ourself upon his other lands and goods not being in France, which we also judged to be more advantageous for the good of our State, the quiet of our Subjects, and glory of our Crown. For all which causes, we had just reason to conquer the said places, which we put into our hands: and upon the occasion, the rest of the country formerly in his obedience, which we have done by our Arms, the country being now totally subjected to us. And because we are desirous to keep the people in peace and tranquillity, in their franchises and accustomed liberties, with all sweetness and equity: We have advised hereafter, to administer justice in our own Name, and under our Authority. For these causes, & for other good considerations us thereunto moving, we have declared, willed, and ordained, declaring, willing, and ordaining, and it is our pleasure, that hereafter for the Dukedom of Lorraine, and all other places late in the said Duke's obedience, except the liberty of the parts adjoining to the Court of Parliament, established in the town of S. Michael, justice shall be administered at Nancy, by one supreme Council, and for the parts adjoining to the said town of S. Michael, it shall be rendered by one intendant of justice & Policy, whom we shall depute to that Office, who shall also be Precedent of the said Council. The supreme Council we will, shall be composed of two Precedents, 17. Counsellors one Advocate, one Procurator General, and one Secretary; giving to the said Council, all jurisdiction and cognisance of all affairs, Civil and Criminal, of Policy, Domain impositions, Aides, Tails, Finances, and all other generally whatsoever; of which the Council of Estate, the Parliament of S. Michael, the Chambers of accounts, the Court of Aides, and other supreme judges in the tertitory of Lorraine formerly settled, were wont to take notice; that is to say, for the justice and policy in Lorraine, & other places, (except the liberty of the borderers upon the said Parliament of S. Michael) and for all affairs of Domain impositions, Aids, Tails, and Finances, in all Lorraine (except the liberty aforesaid) and the Duchy of Bar with full power and authority of supreme judicature: and in the last place, all the said affairs, as well those of the first instance, as which shall be brought upon appeal, to the Council of Bailiffs, their Lieutenants and other judges, whose appeals have been to the Council of State, Parliament, Court of Aides, and other supreme jurisdictions, observing the Customs, and usage of the places, as near as may be.  
To this end we enjoin all Bailiffs, their Lieutenants, and other judges to bring the appeals, which shall be interiected, upon their sentences, and judgements to the said supreme Council, to pass nothing to the prejudice thereof, upon pain of nullity of their sentences, costs, and damages to the interessed party, and interdiction and suspension from their offices, to which they were deputed by the said Council. We also will, and require, that immediately after the election of such Bailiffs, their Lieutenants, and other judges, they shall be called to take their oath of fealty to us, and so be admitted to their offices; otherwise, and for default hereof, they shall be put out, and others put into their places by the said Council, which shall admit of none, to be established in those functions until they have taken the said oath; after which as well the said Bailiffs, as others, shall execute their places only provisionally, and until some other order be made by us. The said supreme Council shall have authority to take the oath of fealty, of all Ecclesiastical persons, Gentlemen, and others, which were formerly subjects to the Duke of Lorraine, and shall generally take notice, of all things (as it hath been said) concerning the justice, polity, and finances of the said Country of Lorraine, and other places, which have been formerly subject to the said Duke, and all this, with a proviso, till it be ordered by us otherwise. We have also given in charge to our dear, and faithful Signior, and Knight, the Keeper of the Seal of France, and our loving, and faithful Councillors, which shall be appointed by us to compose, and hold the said supreme Council. That every one of them have these presents transcribed, to cause them to be read, published, and observed, according to their form, and tenure: Commanding also, and enjoining all the said Bailiffs, their Lieutenants, and other judges, and generally all Ecclesiastical persons, Gentlemen, and others of the said Territory of Lorraine, and other places subdued, to recognise, and obey the said Council, and the Arrests, and judgements which shall be made there: For such is our pleasure. In testimony whereof, we have made our Seal to be affixed to these presents. Given at Monceaux the 17. of Septemb. in the year of grace 1634. And of our reign the 25. Signed Lewis. And upon the reply Bouthillior. Upon which Reply it is also written, Read, and published by the ordinance of my Lord Signier, Dautri Knight, Keeper of the Seal of France, Moi Councillor to the King in his counsels, and great Audiancer of France. And registered in the Register of the Audience of France, at Paris Septemb. 16. 1634. Signed Olier.   

The King's Commission.  
LEWIS by the grace of God, King of France, and Navarre, to our beloved and trusty, the Sieurs, Charp●…er, Councillor in our Council of State, and Precedent in our Court of Parliament at Metz: Gobelin, Councillor also of our Council of State, Master of Requests in ordinary of our Household, and Intendant of justice in our Army of Lorraine, the Masters of Bullion, M●…oso●…; Fremin, Merault, Mallebranche, Gaultier, 〈◊〉, Fo●quet, Royer, Arnold, jolly, le Feure Treasurer of France, Intendant of our Finances in Lorraine, Machault, Collomibell, Corberon, de la Motta, le Ragois, greeting. We having by our letters of declaration, bearing date this day, and for the causes and considerations therein contained, created, and erected by provision, and until we can order it otherwise, one supreme Council, in the City of Nancy, the chief City of Lorraine, as well for distribution of supreme justice, under our Authority, as to take cognisance of polity, affairs of Domain, impositions, aids, tailles, Finances, and all things whatsoever generally, the cognisance whereof appertained to the Council of State, Court of Parliament, Chamber of Accounts, Court of Aids, and other supreme jurisdictions, formerly established in Lorraine, which appeareth by our letters of declaration. Which said Council is to consist of 2. Precedents, 17. Councillors, our Advocate, and Procurator general, and one Secretary; for which purpose it was needful to choose personages of sufficiency, and known honesty, and integrity, which would discharge their places, according to our intention, to the benefit and encouragement of the inhabitants of the said City of Nancy, and Country of Lorraine: We adjudging, that we could not fall upon persons more worthy than yourselves for this occasion, and trusting to your fidelity, and affection, sufficience and experience, to promote our service, for these causes we have authorized and appointed you, and by these presents signed with our hand do authorise, and appoint you, the Sienrs, Charpentier, and Go●eli● to bear the Offices of Precedents of the said supreme Council: you of Bullion, Marescot, Fremin, Merault, Mallebranche, Gaultier, Morilon, Fouquet, Royer, Arnand, jolly, le Faure Treasurer of France, Intendant of our Finances in Lorraine, Machault, Collombell, le Ragois, de la Mothe, Corberon, the offices of Councillors, your Fourer●y, the office of our Advocate General, Rigault, that of Procuraton General, and C●thert to do the office of Secretary. Commanding, and enjoining you to repair with all speed to the City of Nancy, for the establishment and settling of the said Council; giving you full power and authority to hear all matters, and actions Civil and Criminal; appeals for causes criminal, when there shall be any question of corporal punishment, or torture, of the officers of judicature, or Graduates, if then you be assembled to the number of seven, and with you the Sieurs, Charpentier, and Gobelin, Councillors of our Court of Parliament at Metz, and to proceed (there being the number of seven of you) to judgement upon them accordingly. In like manner, to hear and judge all matters of polity, Domain, Impositions, Aides, and finances, the cognisance whereof appertained to the court of Parliament, Council of Estate, Chamber of accounts, Court of Aides, and other supreme jurisdictions of the country of Lorraine, and all this, until we shall order it otherwise, and according to the purport of our Letters of declaration. To do this, we have given you, and do give you power, authority, commission, & especially command by these presents, commanding the inhabitants of the city of Nancy, & all others whom it may concern to acknowledge, and obey you in all things, touching, and concerning the premises, for such is our pleasure. Dated at Monecaux, Sept. 16. The year of Grace, 1634, & of our reign the 25. Signed, Lewis. And a little lower, By the King, Bouthilier, and sealed. Read, published, & registered. Herd and required by the King's Procurator General, to be observed according to this form and tenure: Done, at the supreme Council at Nancy. Octob. 17. 1634.  
Colbert.   
The declaration being read and heard by Four croy the K procurator general, the prime Precedent having collected the Counsel, pronounced the Arrest following.  

The supreme Counsel hath ordered, and doth order, that upon the reply, letters shall be drawn, which having been read, published, and registered, heard, and required by the King's procurator general, to be executed according to their form and tenure, Copies shall be sent to the Bailiffs of the liberty, to be there likewise read, published, and registered. The said Counsel doth expressly forbid, all Bailiffs, their Lieutenant's, and other judges and officers, as well of the City of Nancy, as the liberty, to exercise their offices, until they have taken the oath of fealty to the King, either in the chamber of the Counsel, or before the Commissaries which shall be appointed to that purpose, under pain of a Fine. Made at the supreme Counsel at Nancy, Octob. 17. 1634.   

The form of the oath of fealty, which all Ecclesiastical persons, Gentlemen, Officers, and others the late subjects of Charles, D. of Lorraine shall make to the King.  
YOu shall swear and promise by God well and faithfully to serve our sovereign Lord the King in all things, and against all men, in the cause of his Duchy and Country of Lorraine, the Duchy of Bar, and the Country of Barrois, and to attempt nothing against his service, or against the security and conservation of the Towns of his said Dutchies and Country in his Majesty's obedience; but to obey him, his Ministers, and Officers, and to do all things which good and loyal subjects ought to do. Also you shall swear and promise with the heart, as well as the mouth, without any exception, subtlety, or mental evasion.   

An arrest of the said Counsel, enjoining public prayers to be made for the King in the extents of his D. of Lorraine.  
Upon that, it is showed to the Counsel by his procurator General, that all the towns and places of the D. of Lorraine by the power of God being brought to the King's obedience, it is just and requisite, that public prayers should be made for his Majesty in all the Churches of the Country. Requiring also that commandment should be given to all the Curates of parishes, and other persons having charge in the Churches of the said Duchy, and Country of Lorraine, of what rank and quality soever they be, to satisfy him herein, like good and loyal subjects, upon consequence of the oath made to his Majesty, and under such a penalty as the Counsel shall be pleased to order. And that the Arrest to be made, should be published in the open congregations, and affixed to the gates of the Churches. The Counsel doth hereupon enjoin all Curates of Parishes, Primats, Provosts, or Deans of collegiate Churches, Canons, Chapiters', and Communities, and all persons having the administration of religious houses, as well in this City of Nancy, as in the whole Country of Lorraine, to make public prayers for the King in their Liturgies and Masses, upon pain of losing their temporalties, and be proceeded against as Rebels and disturbers of the public peace. The said Counsel hath also ordained, that this Arrest shall be read at the public meeting of the Parishes in their Churches, and be affixed to the Church doors. Injoining all the deputies of the procurator general to put their hand to the execution hereof, and to certify the Counsel within three weeks, upon pain of losing their places. Made at the supreme Counsel, Octob. 19 1634. Signed. Colbert.   
They have since made an Arrest against five religious persons, who would not take the oath of fealty to the King, by which they are commanded to avoid the City of Nancy this present, and the Dukedom of Lorraine, within three days, and forbidden them to come into the Kingdom, upon pain of death.  
FINIS.