THE PRESENT ESTATE OF SPAIN, OR A true relation of some remarkable things touching the Court, and Government of Spain, with a Catalogue of all the Nobility, with their Revenues.  
Composed by james Wadsworth, Gent. Late Pensioner to his Majesty of Spain, and nominated his Captain in Flanders.  
Imprinted at London by A. M. for Ambrose Ritherdon, at his Shop, at the sign of the Bull head in Pauls-Church-Yard. 1630.   

TO THE RIGHT HOnourable the NOBILITY, and GENTRY of ENGLAND, addicted to History, or Travail.  
IT is not the worth of the Book, that hath made me presume so far, as to dedicate it to Your Honour's service, supposing it a work, worthy of Your patronage: for it is Your strong defence that can oversway the calumnious obloquys of detractors, as also the world's malignity, so as it may take no injury. That hath made me beseech you, to shadow it under your wings, not esteeming the value of the thing, but the good mind, and meaning of the giver, who is willing to do as Eschines did to Socrates, who having nothing meet to gratify him withal, gave even himself, whom you shall always find ready,  
Your devoted Servant, JAMES WADSWORTH.   

The Index.  
A Relation of all the Dukes Grandes of Spain. 
Page 1.  The Grandes of Italy. 
p. 11.  Marquis' Grandes of Spain. 
p. 14.  Earles Grandes of Spain. 
p. 15.  Marquesses of Spain which are not Grandes. 
p. 16.  Earls of Spain which are not Grandes. 
p. 22.  The high Counstables of Spain. 
p. 30.  The Admirals of Spain. 
p. 30.  The Lords Lieutenants of Spain. 
p. 31.  Viscount's of Spain. 
p. 32.  Archbishops and Bishops of Spain. 
p. 33.  Knights of the Noble Order of the Golden-Fleece in Spain. 
p. 39  Knights of the Order of Saint james in Spain. 
p. 40.  Knights of the Order of Calatrava. 
p. 42.  Knights of the Order of Alcantara. 
p. 43.  Knights of the Order of Christ in Portugal. 
p. 44.  Knights of the Order of Montesa in Valentia. 
p. 45.  Knights of the Order of Saint john. 
p. 45.  A Schedule of the Offices of which the King of Spain allows his Privy Council to dispose of as in their own Donation. 
p. 46.  His Ambassadors abroad. 
p. 48.  Counsels of Spain. 
p. 49.  Privileges of the Nobility of Spain. 
p. 5●.  Privileges of the Constables of Spain. 
p. 54.  The Order which the King of Spain observes in his Chapel, and the government thereof. 
p. 56.  The State of the King and Queen at Meals. 
p. 60.  The Order and manner of the Kings and Queens going abroad in their Coach. 
p. 65.  The Manner of the Kings riding forth on Horseback, to any Public Acts. 
p. 67.  A Schedule of the Parish Churches, and Monasteries of Friars in Madrid. 
p. 69.  Certain other special brief Observations concerning the King and State of Spain. 
p. 71.  The King's audience to Ambassadors. 
p. 72.  The Demeanour of the Spaniards in these times. 
p. 73.  The King of Spain's Revenues, and his forces at Sea and Land. 
p. 75.  Cities in Spain. 
p. 80.  Ports and Circuit. 
p. 82.  The Brasse-Coynes. 
p. 84.    

Errata.  
Pag 2. line 25. read GAcasa for Gacara. Barrameda for Barameda.  
Pag 5. line 26. read Velascos for Vecascos.  
Pag 8. line 22. read Pentaranda for Peniferanda.  
Pag no. read ●elues for Lelues.  
For other faults I entreat the Reader to correct.   

A RELATION OF ALL THE DUKE'S, GRANdes of Spain, Marquesses, Earls, Knights of several Orders, together with the Archbishops, and Bishops, their several Titles, Dignities, Offices, Privileges and yearly Revenues.  
ATedious preamble or a prolix exordium is oftentimes rather offensive, than any way delectable to the Reader: therefore to avoid occasion of distaste in this kind, I will briefly betake myself to the relation of those particulars which shall in due order present themselves to the Readers view and aspect, and first.  

Of the Dukes Grandes of Spain.  
THe first is the Duke of San Lucar the Mayor, or of Alpechin, Earl of Olivares, Lord high Steward to his Majesty of Spain, Sumiller du Corpse, or chief Squire to his body; the said Office belongs to the house of Burgundy, of which the King himself is chief. The said Duke's Mansion or dwelling house is in Seville, his estate and revenues are in Andalusia, 
A Duccate is five shillings sixpences of our money.  valued at sixscore thousand Ducats a year, besides offices. He is lineally descended from the house of the Guzmanes, whose son in law (the Marquis of toral) is head of the said house, and also one of the Grandes of Spain, and master of the King's horse.  
This said Marquis of toral his ancestors did always heretofore refuse all offices, and places of dignity in Court, being expressly forbidden by their progenitors success●iely, holding and accounting it an indignity to their Noble pedigree; this being their motto in their scutcheons. Reyes de nos, y nos node Reyes, (Kings come from us, we not from Kings) His house or mansion of antiquity, is in the Kingdom of Leon; his revenues, in former times were not above eight thousand, but now valued at sixty four thousand Ducats a year beside offices.  
The Duke of Medina Sidonia, Marquis of San Lucar of Basrameda, of Cacara in Africa, and Earl of Niebla his house and estate are in the Kingdom of Seville, his yearly revenues with his fishing of Tunnie, are valued at three hundred thousand Ducats a year. He is one of the prime branches of the house and family of Gusmanes.  
This Duke (being once installed in his Dukedom) frequents not the King's Court, but lives in Courtlike state within his own precinct at San Lucar of Barrameda: his Father was General of the Fleet, Anno Dom. 1588. The son of this great Duke (by virtue of a dispensation from the Pope) hath married his Aunt, both by father and mother, and 'tis doubtful, whether her beauty or riches had greatest power in this unnatural conjunction.  
The Duke of Medina Caeli, Marquis of Cogolludo, Earl of the port of Saint Mary: Is chief of the family of Cerdas: his Mansion or dwelling house is in Cogolludo: his estate in the Kingdom of Toledo, and Seville; and by estimation worth four and forty thousand Ducats a year.  
This Duke is of the blood Royal of Castilia, and lays claim to the Kingdom of Castilia, and his accustomed manner is every year upon Twelve-day to deliver a petition to his Majesty by right of privilege in that behalf, which petition the King favourably receives, and withal answers in these words, Nos lo oymos, We hear you: and so refers it to the Council royal where it ceaseth for the present without any further proceedings in this Case.  
The Duke of Lerma, Marquis of Deniae, Earl of Ampudia, Lord of the house of Sandubal, and Rojas; His houses and Mansions are in Lerma and Denia, his estate and revennewes in Castilia and Valentia, and are worth two hundred and threescore thousand ducats a year.  
This said Duke and his eldest son, (the Duke of Vceda,) Heir apparent to the Dukedom aforesaid, are both dead and the Duke of Cea (grandchild to the Duke of Lerma aforesaid, and Lord Lieutenant of Castilia, enjoyeth all the aforesaid estate which (with his own) amounteth to three hundred and forty thousand Ducats a year.  
The said Lerma, perceiving himself disfavoured by the King, procured a Cardinal's hat for his own safety.  
And the said Duke's favourite, Marquis of Siete, Yglesias, Don Rodrigo Calderon (Captain of his Majesty's Guard) being attainted of high Treason; (according to the accustomed manner of Spain, for execution of such malefactors) had his throat cut in the open Market place at Madrid, and all his goods confiscated to the King: amounting to the sum of three millions of Ducats, or rather more. Moreover his children and successors of his Lineage were proclaimed ignoble, and never afterwards hereditary to the aforesaid demeans.  
This Marquis as he was going to the place of execution, had one going before him with a Bell and a dish in his hand, begging Money for Masses to be said for his soul; saying these words. Doc good for the Soul of this man, who the other day was so rich, and now in so poor and lamentable estate.  
The Duke of Feria, Marquis of Safra, Earl of Villa Alba, Chief of the family of Feigueroas; his house is in Safra, his estate in Estremadura, his rents are fifty thousand Ducats a year.  
This Duke's Grandmother was of the house of the Dormars, here in England, and a Lady of Honour to Queen Mary, who was married to King Philip, the second of Spain, and the said Lady was married to this Duke's Grandfather, at that same time and so went over into Spain.  
The Duke of Infantado, Marquis of Cenete and Santillana, Earl of Saldana, Lord of the Royalty of Mansanares, Chief of the house of Mendosas; his Mansion or dwelling house is in the City called Guadalaxara, and his estate lies in the Kingdom of Toledo, and the mountains of old Castilia: his rents are a hundred thousand ducats a year.  
The old Duke is dead and now the young heir enjoys the Dukedom, being some twenty years of age, this is one of the prime Dukes of Spain.  
The Duke of Frias, Marquis of Berlanga, Earl of Haro, and Lord of the house of the seven Infants of Lara, Constable of Castilia, and justice Maior of Spain: He is Chief of the House of Velascos: His house is in the City Burgos, and his estate in old Castilia, in the mountains of Biscay, and the Hills of Soria, His rents are fourscore thousand ducats a year.  
The Duke of Medina Riosecco Marquis of Modica, Earl of Melgar, Viscount Cabrera, in Catalunia and Esterlin; Admiral of Castilia, and chief of the house of Enriques. His Mansion or dwelling house is in Vallodolid, and his estate in the province of Campos, Catalunia; and Sicilia, his rents are sixscore thousand ducats a year.  

This Duke of Alba, riding a hawking in the mountains of Toledo, by Salamanca discovered a Valley amongst the Hills, inhabited by heathenish people, called Patuecoes and before not known which Valley was given to him by the King, about twenty years since, and these people did adore the Sunrising.  The Duke of Alba and Guesca, Marquis of Cori●, Earl of Saluatierra, Viscount of Saldices, and Lord of Valde Corneja, of the family of the Toledoes, Counstable of Navarre by inheritance, his Mansions or dwelling houses are in Salamanca, and Alba: and his estate in old Castilia, Navarre and Andalusia: His rents are a hundred thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Alcada, (of the house of Gansules, Marquis of Tarifa, Earl of Hornos, Lieutenant or Lord precedent of Andalusia, and Lord chief Notary of the same. He is chief of the family of Riveras, His Mansion or dwelling house is in the City of Seville, and his estate in the same Kingdom; His rents are fourscore thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Alburquerque, Marquis of Guelma, and Culiar, Earl of Ledesma, Chief of the family of the Cuevas. His house is in Culiar, and his estate in old Castilia, His rents are fifty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Escalona, Marquis of Villena, Earl of Santistc●an, Lord Garganta, Chief of the family of Pachecos, His houses are in Toledo and Escaloni●, and his estate in the Province of the M●ncha in the Kingdom of Toledo. His rents are worth a hundred thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Osuna, Marquis of Penafiel, Earl of Vrenia, head of the family of Girones, Lord chief Notary of Castilia: His house is in Osuna, his estate in Andolusia and old Castilia: His rents are fourscore thousand ducats a year.  
The Duke of Arcos, Marquis of Cades and Lara, Earl of Marchena, chief of the family of the Ponces of Leon: His house in Seville, and his estate in the said Kingdom; His rents are fifty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Bei●r, Marquis Gibraleon, Earl of Benalcasar▪ Chief of the house of the Sunigas and Soto Maior▪ His Mansion or dwelling house is in Seville, and his estate in the said Kingdom: His rents are threescore and ten thousand Ducats a year, this Duke is of the blood Royal.  
The Duke of Gandia, Marquis of Lombay, Earl of Oliba, head of the family of the Borjas: His house is in Valentia, and his estate in the same Kingdom: his rents are fifty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Cesa, Balna and Soma, Marquis of Poca, Earl of Cabra, Palamos, and Oliveto, Viscount of Disnacar, Admiral of Naples; High Constable of the Castle of Ferxo: He is head of the house of Cordobas; His Mansion or chief dwelling house, is in Cordoba, and his estate in the Kingdom of Naples, and Catalunia. His rents are sixscore thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Maqueda and Naxera Marquis of Elche, Earl of Valentia and Trivinio, chief of the house of the Manrriques' de lara, and Cardenas. His houses are in Toledo, and Naxera: and his estate in the Kingdom of Leon and Estremadura: his rents are fourscore and ten thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Segorbe and Cardona, Marquis of Comares, Lord of Lucena, Earl of Pradas, Constable of Arragon, head of the Arragones' and Cardonas; of the blood Royal of Arragon: His house is in Valentia, his estate in the said Kingdom Catalunia and Andalusia: His rents are sixscore thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke Peniaranda, Marquis of Banesia, Earl of Miranda, chief of the family of the Auellanedas, and likewise allied unto the house of S●niga, his house is in Peniaranda, and his estate in old Castilia: His rents are yearly forty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Yjar, his house is in Saragosa, and his estate in Arragon; his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Duke of Villa Hermosa, Earl of Ribagosa, of the lineage of Arragones', his house is in Saragosa, and his estate in Arragon: His rents are four and twenty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Beraguas, Marquis of jamaica, Admiral of the Indies, allied to the house of Toledo: his house is in Saragosa: and his estate in Arragon, and the Indies, estimated to be worth thirty thousand ducats a year besides his Admiral's place, which is worth twenty thousand Ducats a year more.  
The Duke of Pastrana, Prince of Eboli, of the house and family of Siluas in Portugal: this house is in Pastrana; his estate in the Province of Alcarria, his revenues are worth forty thousand ducats a year.  
The Duke of Villa Franca, is of the house of Toledo, but being not desirous to retain the title of a Duke, assigns it to his son, and is only contented with the name Don Pedro of Toledo. His son is Duke of Fernandina, Marquis of Villa Franca, Prince of Montalban▪ and Earl of Peniramiro.  
This Don Pedro, was he that was taken Prisoner coming for England, in the year 1588. and his son did lately take Saint Christopher's Island. Their Mansions or chief dwelling houses are in Toledo and Villa Franca: and their estates in Naples and Galicia, valued at sixecore thousand Ducats a year.  

The revenues of the Nobil●tie were greater in substance until Philip, the third banished the Moriscoes out of Spain, which Moriscoes were the most industrious people in Spain, and by reason of their banishment the Kingdom is much dispeopled they being in number above a hundred thousand.  All these are Duke's Grandees in Spain, and hold their privileges and dignities successively by inheritance, and so do the Constables and Admirals, within the King of Spain's dominions.  
Now for their estates & yearly revenues, none of them can sell, but may (if necessity and occasion require) Mortgage the same for the payments of their debts (by yearly portions) till satisfaction be made, and then the right owner, or his surviving heir, must repossess the same without any impediment or contradiction.  
Another observation Concerning these Grandees is, that none of them must be married without the King's leave and licence: which if they do obtain, and are married, their espoused Ladies must not lose their virginity within six miles of the King's Court, the first night after they are Married.  
Furthermore no Grandee, Nobleman or Gentleman of worth, may be arrested for debt, but must pay their debts as the abovesaid Grandees.  
Neither can any stranger be arrested for debt if he can but produce two witnesses, that will be deposed and take their oath, that he is descended from the loins of Gentle-parents in his native Country. Also no Soldiers can be billeted upon any of the Nobility, nor Gentry of Spain.   

The Grandees of Italy which may at their own pleasure be covered before the King.  
THe Duke of Paliano, Prince of Sonino, Counstable of Naples; of the house and lineage of Colona Romana: His mansion or dwelling house is in Rome, his estate and revenues are in the adjacent borders called Campana Roma, and are valued at a hundred thousand Ducats a year.  
Marquis Spinola, 
This Marquis is Commander mayor of the Knights of Santiago in Castilia: 〈◊〉 of the Counsel of state and war.  chief Campmaster of the armies in Flaunders and General in the Palatinate; Now governor of Milan: General of the King of Spain's forces there, Knight of the Noble order of the Golden Fleece: his house is at Gen●ua, some estate of land he hath in Spain, but his greatest revenues are in money; by relation two or three millions; but not certainly know●n. His son for the reward of his service at the Palatinate, was made a Cardinal commonly called Cardinal Spinola.  
The Duke of Braciano, Lord of the house of Vrc●●● Romana His house is in Rome; his estate in the aforesaid campana Roma●ia and Tuscana: and is worth fourscore thousand Ducats a year.  
The Prince of Bisiniano, had a fair estate and many titles, but now all are come to nothing but a bare title; although he was heretofore head of the house of Saint Seberina: he is called by the name of Don Tiberio Carasa.  
The Prince of Malfeta, of the house of Gonsaga, grand justicer of Naples, Earl of Guastala, and Campo Bassa: his house is in Guastala; his estate in Naples and Lombardie: his rents are seventy thousand Ducats a year.  
The Prince of Melsi, of the house of Oria, great Protonotario or Pronotary of Naples; His house is at Genova, and his estate lieth in the Kingdom of Naples: His rents are two hundred thousand Ducats a year.  
The Prince of Asinly, Lord of the house of Leyba; his house is at Naples, and his estate in the said Kingdom: His rents are forty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Montalto, Prince of Paterno, is of the family of Moncada and Arragon: His house is at Palermo, and his estate lies in the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily: his rents are a hundred and forty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Terra nova, Prince of Gastelbitrano, is of the house and family of Zallavia and Arragon, his house is at Palermo, and his estate in the Kingdom of Sicily: His rents are seventy thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, is of the house and family of A●alus, his house is at Naples, and his estate in the same kingdom: his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Sexto, of the family of Spinola, his house is at Genova, his estate in the Kingdom of Naples: his rents are seventy thousand Ducats a year.  
The Duke of Monteleon, is of the house and family of Pinatelo, his house is in the City of Naples, and his estate in the same Kingdom and Calabria: his rents are forty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Prince of Castillon, of the house and family of Gonsaga, his house is at Castillon, and his estate in Lombardie: his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Duke of Salmoneta, is of the family of Gaetana, his house is in Rome, and his estate near thereunto adjoining, his rents are thirty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Prince of Butera, is of the House of Brangifort, His house is in Palermo, and his estate not far distant from it: his rents are fourscore thousand ducats a year.  
The Prince of Sulmona, is of the house of Burgense; His house is at Rome, and his estate in the Kingdom of Naples, his rents are twenty thousand Ducats a year.   

Marquis' Grandes of Spain.  
THe Marquis of Astorga, Earl of Trastamara and Santa Maria, of the house of Villa Lobos, head of the lineage of Osorios, he hath his house in Astorga, and his estate in the kingdom of Leon, and in the Province of Campos: his rents are forty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Aguilar, Earl of Casteneda, is of the house of Manrriques' of Lara: his house is in Aguilar, his estate in Leon; and his rents are four and thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Mondesar, Earl of Tendilla, of the lineage of Mendosas; his house is in Mondesar and his estate in the Province of Alcarria: his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Pliego, is of the house of Aguilar, he holds his mansion or dwelling house in Cordoba, and his estate is in Alcarria and Andal●si●, his rents are a hundred thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Veles and Molina Adolantado, or Lieutenant of Murcia, is of the house of Fajardoes; His house and his estate are in Murcia, and his rents are six and forty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Santa Cruz or the Holy-Crosse, is of the house of Bacan: His Mansion or dwelling house is in the Viso, his estate in Andalusia: and his rents are thirty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Velada, of the lineage and house of Toledo and Auila, His house is in Auila, his estate in the Kingdom of Toledo: his rents are thirty thousand Ducats a year.   

Of the Earls Grandes of Spain.  
THe Earl of Benavente, Duke of Villaon, Earl of Luna and Mayorga. He is of the house of Pimentele and holds his mansion or dwelling house in Valladel●d; his estate is in Campos in the Kingdom of Estremadura: and his rents are a hundred thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Lemus and Andrada Marquis of Sarria, Earl of Villalba of the house of the Castres': His mansion or dwelling house is in Monforte Delemus, his estate in Galicia: His rents are fifty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Oropesa, and Deloptosa Marquis Garandilla Lord of Cebolla: he is of the house and lineage of Toledo, His Mansion or chief dwelling house is in Oropesa, his estate lieth in the Kingdom, of Toledo, His rents are seventy thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Albadelista is of the lineage of the Enriques▪ His mansion house is in Camora, and his estate in old Castilia, His rents are thirty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Altamira, is of the house and lineage of Moscoso: his mansion or dwelling house is in Altamira: his estate in Galicia, his rents two and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Monterry, is of the house of Sunigas, his house is in Salamanca, his estate in Galicia, his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.   

Marquesses of Spain, which are not Grandees.  

This Marquis was lately made a Grand●  THe Marquis of Ayamonte, of the lineage of Sunigas, and Soto Mayor; his house and estate are in Seville: and his rents six and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Tavara, of the house of Pimenteles, his house is in Valladolid; his estate in old Castilia: and his rents sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Carpio Earl of Armuz of the house of Haro; his mansion or dwelling house is in Carmona: his estate in Andalusia, and his rents are four and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Camarasa, Earl of Ricla, of the house of Cobos; his house is in Valladolid, and estate in Arragon: and his rents are five and forty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Cortes, of the lineage and house of Toledo, his house is in Cortes, his estate is in Navarra▪ his rents are fifteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Montemayor, of the lineage and stock of Silhas, he hath his house in Monte-mayor; his estate in the Kingdom of Toledo, and his rents are eighteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Montesclaros of the lineage of Mendosas he holds his chief house for residency in Guadalaxara: his estate lieth in the Province of Alcarria, and his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Navas, Earl of Risco, is of the house and lineage of Auilas, he hath his mansion or chief dwelling house in Auila, and his estate is in Aquella Comarca: his rents are six and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Stepa, of the centurions of Genova, hath his house in Seville, and his estate in the same Kingdom: his rents are fifty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Caracena, of the lineage of Carillos' and Toledo; holds his house in Caracena, and his estate in Castilia: his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Malpica, of the lineage of the Riveras, holds his house in Madrid, and his estate in the Kingdom of Toledo: his rents are forty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Ladrada, of the lineage and house of Cuebas, holds his house in Ladrada, and his estate in the Kingdom of Murcia: His rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis Caniete, of the lineage and house of Mendosas; holds his house in Cuenca, and his estate in Aquella Comarra: his rents are thirty four thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Falces, of the house of Peralta, hath his Mansion house in Mansilla, and his estate in Navarra: his rents are eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Aytona, of the house of Moneada and Cardona; holdeth his chief mansion in Valentia, and his estate in the said Kingdom, his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Delualle, of the house and family of Fernan cortes, his house is in Mesico, in the West Indies, and his estate lieth in Nova Hispania, new Spain, his rents are seventy thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Fromista, of the lineage of Enrriques'; his house is in Fromista▪ his estate in Campos; His rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Cerralbo, of the house of Toledo, and Pachecos, hath his mansion house in Cerralbo, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Ardales' and Algava, of the house of Guzmanes, hath his house and estate in Seville: and his rents are thirty fix thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of P●obera, of the house of Sandas, hath his mansion house in Salamanca, and his estate in old Castilia, his rents are six thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Veteta, of the house of Cardenas his house is in Lerena, and his estate in Estremadora: his rents are fifte●ne thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Alcanisas, of the house of Manrriques' and Almansas; hath his house in Alcanises, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are fifteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Auila-Fuente, of the house of Cunigat, hath his house in Auila-Fuente, and his estate in old Castilia▪ his rents are eighteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Mota, of the house of V●●oas, hath his house and estate in Toro, and his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Villa Manrriques', of the house of Sunig●s, his whole estate is in old Castilia: and his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year,  
The Marquis of Lansarote, Lord of Fuerte-Ventura, of the house of Roj●as and Herreras his house and estate are in the Canarias: his rents six thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Aum●n, of the house of Velascos and Herrer●●, hath his house in Aunion, and his estate in Castilia, his rents are two and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Guadalcazar, of the house of Cordovas', hath both his house and estate in Andalusia: and his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  

Late Ambassador in England lately dead.  The Marquis of Ynojosa, of the lineage of the Mendosas, hath his house in Madrid, and his estate in Gastilla: and his rents are twenty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Villar, of the lineage of Pimenteles and Suniga, hath his house and estate in Gast●lla: and his rents are six and twenty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of jodar, of the house of Carana jales, he hath his house in jodar, and his estate in Andalusias: his rents are ten thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Salinas, of the house of Velascos, hath his house in Madrid, and his estate in the Indies: his rents are fifty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of the Valles, of the house Acunia, hath his house and estate in old Castilia, and his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Flores de Auila, of the house of Cunigas, hath his house in Salamanca, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are eight thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Pobar, of the house of Auilas and Guzmanes, hath his house and estate in Andalusia▪ and his rents are sixteen thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Pardoes, of the house of Cerdas, hath his house in Toledo, his estate in Castilia, and his rents are thirty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Mirabel, of the house of Auilas, hath his house in Placencia, and his estate in Placencia: his rents are fourteen thousand ducats a a year.  
The Marquis of Guardia, of the house of Meijas, his house is in Guardia, and his estate in Andalusia: his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Almacan, Earl of Monteagudo, hath his house in Almacan, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Moya of the house of Pachecos, and Lord of the houses of the Soid▪ hath his house in Valentia, and his estate in Cuenca: his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Fuente, of the house of Sandobal, hath his whole estate in Andalusia: and his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Laguna, of the house of Cerdas, hath his whole estate in Leon; and his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis Calanda, of the house of Alasones, in Arragon: his rents are four thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Navarres, 
This Marquis is now a Grandee and the chief of the order of Montessa.  of the house of Borjas, hath his house and estate in Valentia: and his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Almenara, Earl of Cocentana, his house and estate are in Valentia and Castilia: his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Villamicar, of the house of Rojas, and Sandobal, his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Loriana, his house is in Auila, and his estate in Castilia, and his rents are worth ten thousand Ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Orani, of the lineage of Silu●●, his whole estate is in Cardena, and his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Tabara, of the house of Pimenteles, hath his house in Valladolid, and his estate in Castilia: his rents are worth sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of jelbes, of the house of Pimenteles, his whole estate is in Castilia▪ and his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Malagon, Earl of Villa Lonso, of the house of Vlloas, his house is in Zero, and his estate in Castilia▪ his rents are six and thirty thousand ducats a year.   

The Earls of Spain, which are Grandes.  
THe Earl of Salinas and Ribadeo, Duke of Villa, Franca, of the lineage of Silbas': hath his house in Madrid, and his estate in Galicia, Vizcaya and Naples: his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Aguilar, Lord of Cameros, of the house of Arelanos: hath his house in Aguilar, his estate in Rioja, and his rents are fifteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl Aranda, of the house of Burrcas, hath his house in Saragosa, and his estate in Arragon: his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Almenara, in Valentia, his rents are six thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Alcaudete, of the house of Cordovas', hath his house in Alcaudete, and his estate in the Kingdom of Cordova: his rents are eighteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Alba●da, of the house of Milanes, in Valentia, his rents are six thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Aymon, of the house of Cordovas' and Leon, hath his house in Cordova, and his estate in Granada: his rents are six thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Debelchite, of the house of Ysares, hath his house in Valentia, and his estate in Arragon: his rents are eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Castellar, head of the house of Sahabedras, his house and estate are in Seville: and his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Castro, of the house of Mendosas, hath his house in Castro, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Cifuentes, of the house of Siluas, hath his house in Toledo, and his estate in Alcarria: his rents are eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Chi●chion, head of the house of Bovadillas, hath his house and estate in Toledo: and his rents are forty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Corunina, of the house of Mendosas, hath his house in Guadalaxara, and his estate in Alcarria: his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Fuensalida, Marquis of Val●arrota, of the house of Ayalas, he hath his house in Toledo, and his estate in that Kingdom Estremadura and Andalusia, his rents are seventy thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Gelbes, of the house of Portugals, hath his house in Seville, and his estate in Castilia: his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Gomera of Ayales, Suares, and Castilia, his house and estate are in the Canaries: his rents are fourteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Guirra, of the house of Pachecos and Castillas', hath his house and estate in new Castilia: his rents are six thousand ducats a year.  

Or chief post Master.  The Earl of Villamediana, of the house of Tarsis, Correo Mayor. Hath his house in Valladolid, his estate in Andalusia, and his rents are fourscore thousand ducats a year with his office.  
The Earl of Fuentes, of the house of Heredias, his house is in Caragosa, and his estate in Arragon, his rents are eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Medillen of the house of Portocarreros, hath his house in Medillen, and his estate in Estremadura: his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Ciruela, of the house of Velascos hath his house in Rea, his estate in old Castilia, and Andalucia: his rents are fourteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Morata, of the house of Luna's, hath his house in Caragosa, his estate in Arragon: his rents are eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Casarubios of the house of Chazones, hath his house and estate in Toledo: and his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Onate, of the house of Guebaras, hath his house in Onate, and his estate in Guipuzcoa: his rents are eighteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Puebl●, of Maestre, of the house of Cordonas, his house is in Lerena, and his estate in Estremadura: his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Orgaz of the house of Ayalas and Mendosas, hath his house in San-tollala and his estate in the kingdom of Toledo and Vizcaya: his rents are eighteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Palma, of the house of Portocarreros hath his house in Hecija, and his estate in the Kingdom of Cordeba: his rents are fourteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Pliego, of the house of Carrillos', hath his house in Guadalaxara, and his estate in Cuenca, his rents are eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Punio en rostro, of the house of Arias, hath his house in Madrid, and his estate in the Kingdom of Toledo: his rents are twenty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Paredes, of the house of Manrriques', hath his house in Paredes, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Salazar, of the house of Relascos, hath his whole estate in old Castilia; and his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Ribadabia, of the house of Mendosas, hath his house in Valladolid, and his estate in Galicia: his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Sastago, of the house of Arragon, hath his house in Caragosa, and his estate in Arragon: his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Santistevan, chief of the house of Venavides, hath his house in Vbeda, and his estate in Gaen: his rents are fifteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Galues, of the house of Cerda●, hath his house and his estate in Galicia: and his rents are six thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Varajas, head of the house of Sapatas, hath his house in Madrid, and his estate in Aquella-Comarca: his rents are thirty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Nieva, of the house of Enrriquez, hath his house in Nieva, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Ayamor and Fernandina, Duke of Villa Real in the Kingdom of Naples: and of the house of Diaquez: hath his house and his estate in Vizcaya: and his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Lodosa, of the house of Mendozas and Navarros, hath his whole estate in Navarra: and his rents are nine thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Cantillana, of the house of Vicentelos, hath his house in Cevill, and his estate in Andalusia: and his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Aninober, of the house of Leyvas, hath his mansion or chief dwelling house in Toledo, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Castrillo, of the house of Abellanedas, hath his house in Aranda, and his estate in old Castilia: and his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Villa-nueva of Anuedo, of the house of Vlloas, hath his whole estate in old Castilia: and his rents are eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Arcos, of the house of Figueroas and Mendosa, hath his whose estate in that Kingdoms of Toledo and Andalusia, his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Puebla and Montalban, of the house of Tells and Girones, hath his house in Puebla, and his estate in Toledo: his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Baylen, of the house of Ponces of Leon, hath his house in Baylen, and his estate in Andalusia: his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Osor●●, of the house of Manrriques', hath his house in Osorno, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Graxal, of the house of Vegas, hath his house in Graxal, and his estate in Campos: his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Villamor, of the house of Albarados, hath his house in Madrid, and his estate in Castilia: his rents are two and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Villavor, of the house of Guzmanes, hath his house and estate in Castilia: and his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Villaflor of the house of Enriques, hath his whole estate in Castilia: and his rents are eight thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Fuenti-duenia of the house of Luna's, hath his house in Fuenti-duenia, and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are twelve thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Fuensaldana, of the house of Viveros and Luna's, hath his house in Valladolid: and his estate in old Castilia: his rents are ten thousand ducats a year.  

The Earl is now a Grandee of Spain.  The Earl of Mayalden, Prince of Esquilache, of the house of Borjas, hath his whole estate in the Kingdom of Naples: and his rents are thirty thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Fuente elsauco of the house of Dezas, hath his house and estate in Toro: and his rents are twelve thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Salba-tierra of the house of Ayalas and Sarmientoes; hath his whole estate in Galicia: and his rents are sixteen thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Villa-alba of the house of Ayalas, hath his house and estate in Toledo: and his rents are twenty thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Gondomar, of the house of Sarmientoes and Acunia: hath his house and estate in Galicia, and his rents are nine thousand ducats a year.  
The Earl of Penaranda, of the house Bracamonte; hath his house in Penaranda, and his estate in old Castilia, his rents are eight thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Villa-longa, of the house of Franquesa; hath his house in Villa-longa, and his estate in old Castilia; his rents are six thousand Ducats a year.  
The Earl of Villar, of the house of Torres, and Portugal: hath his house in Ia●n, and his estate in the same Province: his rents are nine thousand Ducats a year.   

The Constables of Spain.  

1. THE Constable of Castilia, the Duke of Frias.  
2. The Constable of Arragon, the Duke of Cardona.  
3. The Constable of Navarra, the Duke of Alba.  
4. The Constable of Naples, Earl of Paliano.   
The certainty of their means, in respect of their offices and privileges is not known and therefore cannot well be truly determined; but they are thought to exceed the Admirals in all respects both of Dignities, Privileges and revenues of their offices.   

The Admirals of Spain.  
THe Duke of Medina of Rioseco, Admiral of Castilia, his revenues of office are five and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
2. The brother to the Duke of Infantado, Bishop of Siguen●a, is Admiral of Arragon, his office is valued at eighteen thousand ducats a year.  
3 The Admiral of Valentia, his estate and revenues by office are valued at sixteen thousand Ducats a year.  
4 The Duke of Beraguas, Admiral of the Indies, his estate and revenues by office are valued at twenty thousand ducats a year.   

The Lords Lieutenants or Precedents of Spain, commonly called Adelantadoes.  
1. THe Duke of Lerma and Zea Adelantado, or Lord Lieutenant of Castilia, his revenues of office are worth six thousand ducats a year.  
2. The Duke of Alcala-Adelantado of Andalusia, his office is valued at eight thousand ducats a year.  
The Marquis of Velez-Adelantado of Murcia, his office is worth seven thousand ducats a year.  
The Cardinal and Arch bishop of Toledo-Adalantado of Cacorla, his revenues are included in his Archbishoppricke, as appertaining to the same.  
The Adelantado of Galicia, his revenues by office are six thousand ducats a year.  
The Prince of Asculi, Adelantado of Canuria his place by office is valued at four thousand ducats a year.   

viscounts of Spain and the value of their Lordships, of which they are Viscount's.  

OF Toriza, at four thousand ducats a year.  
Of Peralta, at four thousand ducats a year.  
Of Rosa, and Earl of Aranda, at six thousand ducats a year.  
Of Sol, Viscount of Castros, at eight thousand ducats a year.  
Of Disnajar, and Duke of Sesar, at eight thousand ducats a year.    

Archbishops and Bishops of Spain, and their yearly Demeans.  
FIrst, the Infanto Don Ferdinando; third brother to the King of Spain, is Cardinal of Toledo, Primate and Metropolitan of all Spain, and next unto the Pope, thought to be the greatest Prelate in all Christendom for wealth and Dignities: insomuch that his Revenues are thought to be worth not so little, as four hundred thousand Ducats a year.  
Don Alphonso, in his time of reigning did Conquer Toledo, with the sword from the Moors, in the year 1083, and was the first King that established this Archbishopric, in this great state and estate; and since his time, it hath been much enriched by the large bounty of Kings and many Noble men of Spain, insomuch that now besides the Primacy, and Chancery of Castilia; it hath been in great Credit and authority throughout all Europe, and is served with fourteen Dignities and Channons, with Prebends: Fifty Portionists and other extraordinary Channons, besides Chaplains, Priests, Clerks, Chanters, and other Officers that have stipends or fees, at the least six hundred. Besides it is exceeding rich in Plate.  

The Archbishop of Seville, his estate is valued at a hundred thousand ducats a year.  
Of Sant-Iago, at fourscore thousand ducats a year.  
Of Valentia at fifty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Granada, at seven and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Burgos, at forty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Saragosa, at thirty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Taragona, at five and thirty thousand ducats a year.    

Bishops within the Precincts and jurisdiction of Toledo, Their yearly Revenues.  
THE Bishop of Guenca is worth in estate fifty thousand ducats a yea●e.  

Of Siguenta, at fifty thousand Ducats a year.  
Of Osma, at thirty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Cordoba, at forty thousand ducats a year.  
Of jaen, at twenty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Segou●a, at six and twenty thousand Ducats a year.  
Of Auila, at four and twenty thousand ducats a year.    

Of Seville.  
THe Bishop of Malaga, his estate is worth thirty thousand ducats a year.  

Of Cadiz, at fifteen thousand ducats a year.  
Of Canar●a, at twelve thousand ducats a year.    

Of Granada.  
THE Bishop of Almeria, is worth six thousand ducats a year.  

Of Guadix, at eight thousand ducats a year.    

Of Valentia.  
THe Bishop of Cartagena, is worth ten thousand Ducats a year.  

Of Origuela, at eight thousand ducats a year.  
Of Segorbe, at ten thousand ducats a year.  
Of Balbastro, at six thousand ducats a year.    

Of Burgos.  
THe Bishop of Caloborra, is worth twenty thousand ducats a year.  

Of Palentia, at sixteen thousand ducats a year.  
Of Pamplona, at thirty thousand ducats a year.    

Bishops within the Precincts and jurisdiction of San-Diago, Their yearly Revenues.  
THE Bishop of Coria, is worth four and twenty thousand ducats a year.  

Of Astorga, at twelve thousand Ducats a year.  
Of Samora, at twenty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Salamanca, at twenty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Oriense, at eight thousand ducats a year.  
Of Tuy, at four thousand Ducats a year.  
Of Vadajoz, at six thousand ducats a year.  
Of Lugo, at eight thousand ducats a year.  
Of Ciudad-Rodrigo, at twelve thousand ducats a year.    

Of Taragona.  
THe Bishop of Lerida, is worth ten thousand ducats a year.  

Of Tortosa, at fourteen thousand ducats a year.  
Of Barcelona, at eight thousand ducats a year.  
Of Girona, at twelve thousand ducats a year.  
Of Vrgel, at seven thousand ducats a year.  
Of Viqui, at five thousand ducats a year.    

Of Caragosa.  
THe Bishop of Taragona, is worth six thousand ducats a year.  

Of jaca, at eight thousand ducats a year.  
Of Guesca, at ten thousand ducats a year.  
Of Valuastro, at nine thousand Ducats a year.  
Of Albacarin, at six thousand ducats a year.    

These following are exempted and free of themselves.  
THe Bishop of Leon, is worth fourteen thousand Ducats a year.  

Of Obiedo, four and twenty thousand ducats a year.  
Of Vallodelid, at fourteen thousand Ducats a year.   
The Bishopric of Placentia although it fall vacant in the Pope's month of Election, yet not withstanding it is at the King's disposure: where ye are to note that the King of Spain, and the Pope, do divide the year between them by Monthly course, for the donation of Bishoprics and other Spiritual livings: but yet this of all the rest is excepted to be only in the King's gift, although it happen to fall void in the Pope's month.  
Now upon the election of any Bishop, either by the King or the Pope, the said Bishop must enter into bond to pay such yearly pensions as he shall be appointed by the King or the Pope, which of themsoever give his Bishopric.  
These Pensions do most commonly amount unto a third part of the Bishop's yearly revenues, and must be paid to such persons as they shall think fitting to receive the same.  
These Pensioners must be apparelled in black, and unmarried, and so must continue: some of them are of Gentle birth, and education, and must ●e well disposed to Piety, and Religion, upon which approbation they are admitted.   

Knights of the Noble Order of the Golden-Fleece.  
PHilip, Duke of Burgundy, and Earl of Flaunders, was the first Institutor of this order, in the tenth year of his Dukedom, upon an oath which he had taken to wage war with the Infidels of Syria, and to conquer Iury.  
This said order had (for Patron and Protector) Saint Andrew; and the remembrance of this Order was and is to be solemnised for the space of three days together once every year.  
The first day of which solemnity the Knights of that order were to be apparelled with Scarlet, or red coloured Robes, in token that Heaven is purchased by effusion of blood and Martyrdom.  
The second day they were to be clothed in black, representing mourning for the defunct, which have died in the wars.  
The third day they were to be clad with White Vestures, in honour of the purity of the Virgin Mary.  
These Knights (to show that they are distinguished from other orders of Knighthood) do wear a Chain of Gold made after the fashion of Fuzells, with a Fleece Ram, hanging at it.  
The King of Spain, is chief of this Order, as he is head of the house of Burgundy.  
There are four and twenty Knights in number of the said order, which are Princes of the most Noble families, in Burgundy, Spain, Flaunders and Netherlands.  
In Spain, Charles the King's Brother and the Duke of Alba, The Duke of Osuna, the Duke of Arcos, The Duke of Escalona, The Duke of Medina, Sidonia, The Duke of B●jar, the Duke of Cardona, and the Marquis of Pescara and Bastos.  
In Italy, Marquis Spinola, and other noble Princes.  
In Germany, Divers of the house of Austria, and other Princes, as the Duke of Bavaria, and the Duke of Nubourke.  
In Flaunders, the Duke of Ascott, and some others.   

Knights of the Order of Saine james.  
THe Master and chief of this Order, is the King of Spain, as annexed to his Crown, and he is the only perpetual Governor and administrator of the same order.  
The original cause of the institution of this Order, was, to secure those which went in Pilgrimage to Santiago in Galicia, who in former times had been much oppressed and molested by the Moors. Also the Nobility of Spain, did join with the Monks of Saint Augustine, for the establishing of that Order: and they did get it Confirmed by Pope Alexander, Anno. 1175. The principal agent for the obtaining of this Confirmation was Pedro Fernandes de Puente O Fuente Calada, who afterwards was Master of the said Order.  
This order hath ninety four Lordships, or Dignities belonging to it of different reveneves, but in all they are worth three hundred thousand Ducats a year.  
These Dignities are bestowed (upon certain Knights of the said Order) (by the King) according to his favour, and their deserts.  
The Patron of this Order is Santiago, and they are governed by the rule of Saint Augustine.  
The badge by which the Knights of this Order are known, is a Cross made of red Velvet in the fashion of a sword.  
When any Knight of this Order, is Installed, it is performed with great solemnity; the Master of the Order, investing him with a white Robe (or his deputy in his absence) and giving unto him a Sword, the rest of the Knights always giving their attendance at the performance of such acts.  
This is done at some Church or religious House, belonging to the Patron of the same Order.  
These Knights (in case of necessity) are bound to serve their King in the Wars seven years, upon his Majesty's command, and so are the Knights of all other Orders.   

Knights of the Order of Calatrava.  
OF this Order his Majesty of Spain is head, as he is of the Order aforesaid.  
To this Order, do belong fifty Lordships or dignities: but in regard some of them are but of small allowance, two of them are joined together, so that now they are bestowed but upon five and thirty persons: the yearly revenues of all do amount unto a hundred and twenty thousand Ducats a year; and they observe the rule of Saint Benedict as their Patron. This order had its beginning, Anno, 1158 in the time of the King Don Sancho the desired.  
The badge whereby these Knights are known, is a red Cross with a waving or cheverne circle about it.   

Knights of the Order of Alcantara.  
THE King is likewise Master of this Order and unto it are belonging eight and fifty Lordships and Dignities: but because some of them are united two in one, there are but one and forty of them: they are worth a hundred thousand ducats a year: and they do also observe the Order of Saint Benedict as their Patron.  
This Order had its beginning in the year, 1212. When the King of Leon, did win the City of Alcantara, from the Moors, he gave it to the Knights of this Order to defend the same.  
This Order had its adoption or filiation from that of Calatrava, but since they were exempt from it by a Bull, from Po●e julio the second.  
The badge whereby these Knights are distinguished from them of Calatrava, is, in that these wear a green Cross in fashion, but not in colour like to that of Calatrava, because that is red.  
His Majesty of Spain, is perpetual administrator of these three aforesaid Orders. Now the benefit of these three Mastershipps' of the aforesaid Orders, the King often lets them to the Fucares, (the great Merchants of Spain,) for three hundred thousand ducats a year, which goes into his own purse. Moreover, these said Fucares, are to pay unto those which are professed Knights of these Orders and have no dignity, to each of them twelve thousand Maravedis yearly, to buy them bread and water. This authority is confirmed to the King by the Pope's Apostolical Bull.   

Knights of the Order of Christ  
THe King himself and the Duke of Beragansa, are the Chief heads of this Order, unto which belong fourteen Lordships or Dignities, by estimation worth four and twenty thousand ducats a year and more.  
This order had its beginning in the year 1320. and was both approved of, and established by the authority of Pope john's Bull, and in the year 1323. the demeans and revenues thereof were increased and bettered by the King Don Manuel.  
The Knights of this Order, do acknowledge only Christ, to be their supreme Patron and Protector: but under him the Pope, and the King as his Vicegerent.  
The Badge these Knights wear, is a red Cross, with a white line, drawn through the middle of both parts of it.   

Knights of the Order of Montesa in Valentia.  
THE Chief of this Order, is the Marquis of Navarres: and unto this Order belong thirteen Lordships or Dignities, which are estimated to be worth twenty thousand ducats a year. This Order is much decayed in respect of what it hath been: thy follow the rule of Saint Benedict, and it was confirmed by Pope Benedict the thirteenth.   

Knights of the Order of Saint john.  
THe Chief of this Order, is the great Master of the Island of Malta, and the Knights of this Order have for their Revenues (with the Priorates) eight hundred thousand ducats a year, in demeans unto them appertaining, their Lordships are, 134.   

A Schedule of the Offices of which the King of Spain allows his Privy Counsel to dispose of, as in their own Donation.  

THE Viceroy of Naples.  
The Viceroy of Sicilia.  
The Viceroy of Arragon.  
The Viceroy of Valentia.  
The Viceroy of Portugal.  
The Viceroy of Navarra.  
The Viceroy of Sardinia.  
The Viceroy of Peru.  
The Viceroy of Mexico.  
The Viceroy of the East Indies.  
The viceroy of Catalunia.  
Generalissimo of the Sea.  
General of the Galleys of Naples.  
General of the Galleys of Genova.  
General of the Horse of Spain.  
General of the Artillery of Spain.  
General of the Horse of Flaunders.  
General of the Artillery of Flaunders.  
General of the Horse of Milan.  
General of the Hombres, or Men at Arms of Milan  
General of the plate Galleones.  
General of the Fleets.  
Admiral of the Fleets.  
General of the galleys of Sicily.  
General of the galleys of Portugal.  
General of the galleys of Catalunia.  
Campmaster general of Spain.  
Campmaster general of Flaunders.  
Campmaster general of Portugal.  
Governor of Milan, with the title of Generalissimo.  
Governor of Galicia, with the title of General.  
General of the forces of the lower Palatinate.  
Governor of Oran, in Africa.  
Governor of Alarache.  
Governor of Mammora.  
Governor of Brasill.   
Governors of diverse places in the East and West Indies, and Lands, in the Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, and other Frontiers in Barbary.  
Governors of the strong Castles of the Spaniards in Flaunders viz. Antwerp, Gaunt, and Cambray, with diverse other petty governments throughout the King of Spain his Dominions.   

Ambassadors.  
THe King of Spain his Ambassador at Rome.  

The Ambassador in Germany.  
The Ambassador in England.  
The Ambassador in France.  
The Ambassador in Flaunders.  
The Ambassador in Venice.  
The Ambassador in Genova.  
The Ambassador in Savoy.  
The Ambassador in Florence.   
Besides these Ambassadors he hath diverse others Agents in Germany, and elsewhere.  
Also the Council have the choosing of Spia Maior, or grand Spy, which is a place of Dignity in Spain.  
All these places and offices of worth, Dignity, and eminence, are (by the King's permission) in the power and donation, (upon Consultation) of the Council of State: but the rest which do not principally concern the State, they are referred to the Council of War, to the Council of Italy, the Council of the Indies, the Council of Portugal, the Council of Navarre, the Council of Arragon, the Council of Galicia, which are all depending on the Council of State.  
There are certain other Counsels, which are not subordinate to the Council of State, but are absolutely subsisting of themselves, by virtue of their own authority, as  
First, the Council of Inquisition. The Precedent of which is called the grand Inquisitor, and most commonly is the King's Confessor, and by his order a Dominican Friar.  
This Council is rather superior then inferior, to the Council of State for they determine matters of themselves (Concerning matters of Religion) without imploring the assistance of the King's prerogative) only acknowledging the Pope's supremacy as Christ's Vicar-general.  
Next unto this is the Council royal of Castilia, on Court Royal of justice: The Precedent of which Court in many respects (as the equity of Causes requires) is equal with the King.  
He hath continual insight, into the government of Spain, and hath full power and authority in himself to rectify and reform by justiciary correction, any delinquent that shall transgress against the laws of the Kingdom.  
Moreover if any Magistrate, or any others that bear office in the Kingdom (upon Complaint made unto him, and sent for by virtue of his warrant) be found faulty in the administration of justice; it is in his power to punish the Magistrate, or Officer according to his delict and offence in that behalf.  
There are subordinate to this Counsel, the Chaunceries of Valladolid and Granada, and the Audi●ncia, or Court of justice in Seville: and moreover it hath the ordination of threescore and odd Corrigidores, or governors of Provinces, Cities, and Towns in Spain. In a word, it is a Council of the greatest privilege and authority in Spain, and therefore the King prefers none to be Precedent of that Council, but such a one as he is well assured of his Loyal allegiance to himself; and his fidelity and uprightness of Conscience in the Administration of justice, for the good and tranquillity of his Common weal.  
The next is the Council of Camera, or the King's Privie-chamber, which Council by the King's special direction and licence withal, have the privilege to dispose of, and bestow all Church-livings, which are in the King's gift, as Archbishoprics, Bishoprics, Denaries, Rectories, etc. The King himself having the same authority from the Pope of Rome.  
Also the Council of Orders, which do only treat of the several orders of Knighthood, and their Privileges, and likewise have power and authority to question and decide Controversies, if there be any such occurrences between the said Knights of Orders.  
Next is the Council of Hacienda, commonly called the King's Exchequer.  
Next the Council of accounts, which do only meddle with the King's Revenues, Rents, and Subsidies.  
Also the Council of Crusada, commonly called the Pope's Bull, by virtue of authority whereof, in the Pope's name the King of Spain, do●h yearly send out a privilege throughout his kingdom of Spain, that the inhabitants therein from the age of seven years to threescore, shall have free leave and liberty to eat grossura, that is gross meats, viz. livers, lights, necks, and such like parts of any kind of flesh; on Saturdays all the year long, and likewise Whitemeates in Lent, as butter, Cheese, Milk, Eggs, and the like; and upon all fasting days throughout the year: Also by virtue of the said Bull they obtain divers Pardons, Indulgences, ●nd grace● from the Pope, for one whole year: and so from year to year: paying for the same dispensation yearly to the King, one shilling in silver: all this the Pope gives to the King, as an extraordinary token of his loving favour to him: the sum in all amounting to above two Millions of ducats a year. All this the aforesaid Council doth order; and receive the said Moneys from the Collectors thereof to the King's use.  
Lastly, the Council of Descargos called the Council of discharge, doth at the death of any King of Spain, treat of the King's debts (if he oweth any) and likewise, they do take care to see the last Will and Testament of the said deceased King performed.   

Privileges of some of the Nobility of Spain.  
THe Duke of Igar, doth every New-year's day dine with the King, by virtue of his privilege granted to that Posterity, by the former Kings of Castilia; as a requital of their good service done in the Wars against the Moors: and likewise he is to have the same suit of apparel that the King wears the same day.  
The Duke of Arcos, is to have the same suit the King wears upon our Lady day in September, although he be not that day at the Court.  
The Marquis of Villena, is to have the Cup the King drinks in every twelfe day, if he be then at Court.  
The Countess of Cabra, as customary and by right of privilege due unto her, is to have yearly the same apparel that the Queen wears upon Easter day: 
Thirty four Maravedis, makes Sixepen●● English.  or else fifty thousand Maravedis in lieu of it.  
The Countess of Palma, hath the same privilege upon our Lady day in September.  
The Earl of Oropesa, by his place is to bear the King's naked sword before him throughout all the Kingdom of Castilia, upon occasion of Parllaments, public acts or meetings: and in the Kingdom of Arragon, the Earl of Sastago enjoys the same privilege: but in their absence, the Master of the King's Horse is to perform the same office.  
Amongst the Grandes of Spain, 
Next unto the Precedent of Castilia, who takes his place always next to the King.  there is no precedency of place in public acts, but only the Constable of Spain is to have the first place, and next unto him the Admiral, and the rest (according to our English Proverb) first come, first served.  
The Admiral of Castilia, (when he hath any occasion to go to the Council Royal) hath his sword by his side; which is not lawful for any of the Grandes to do besides himself, and the Precedent of the said Council placeth him on his left hand.  
The Duke of Medinacoeli, his privilege is every year upon Twelve day to petition to the King by way of claiming right and title to the Kingdom of Castilia, as heir apparent to the same, which his Majesty graciously receives, and gives answer in these words, We hear you: and so refers it to the Council Royal of Castilia, where it rests without any further proceedings.  
The libertyes of the Province of Biscaj, have this privilege that when the King in progress, or upon any other occasion cometh into the same, he is to have one foot bare, and his only style of that Province is Lord of Biscaj, and not King.  
Likewise the Nobility and Gentry, of the said Province, are not to be attainted nor attached upon any crime, or default, but by virtue of a warrant under his Majesty's own hand.   

The Privileges of the Constables of Spain are these.  
IF in former times there happened any difference betwixt party and party, either concerning Religion, or Public affairs, the parties at Controversy were to try themselves in the cause by dint of Sword (the King himself being present) and the Constable was only to be judge in the cause, as it happened in Seville, in the time of the Catholic King Ferdinando and Elizabeth his Queen, betwixt two in Combat: of which Don Ferdinandes of Vellasco was judge.  
Also when there is any open war in Spain, and that the King gives battle, the Constable in his own person is to be in the for front of the army, and to lead them in the field, and upon a retreat he is to bring off the rear, although in former times the Lords of Biscaj had the same place: and after them the Masters of Santiago, bu● now it only and properly belongs to the Constables of Spain.  
Moreover the Constable in time of War is to quarter the army for their lodging, and likewise to prise the victuals for the Camp; for assistance wherein he is to appoint certain Marshals and other officers to see the same performed.  
Also all Proclamations do issue forth in the name of the King and his Constable, which privilege none of the Nobility have but himself.  
Also the said Constable in time of War hath his Kings at Arms, Heralds, and Sargeans at Arms; and he himself may wear an Estoque or Tuck, which none else wear but the King: and for his fee he is to have one days pay in a Month throughout the whole Army of Soldiers: and this Money is paid by the King out of his own purse, and not by the Soldiers.  
Also▪ the Constable although he be neither Duke nor Earl, yet he may wear a Coronet in his Scutcheon of arms, by virtue of the privilege of his place.  
Lastly, 
Which none hath but himself.  Olivares the King's Favourite hath this by right of privilege from the King, that if any of his Majesty's servants have any occasion to speak with him, they must kneel; and most commonly they have access to him as he lieth in his bed.   

The Order which the King observes in his Chapel, and the Government thereof.  
NOne are to sit with their Hats on in the King's Chapel but Grandes, Bishops, Ambassadors of Kings: and of Savoy and Venice; together with the Chaplains of Honour, and his Majesty's Preachers.  
At the right hand of the High-Altar, there is a Bench covered with Carpets, standing close to the wall, which affronts the body of the Church, upon which form or bench the Bishops have their places when they are present at Service.  
near unto the Altar (on the same side) is placed a fair canopy with Curtains, in which the King's Chair is set, having a short form or stool before him, with a Cushion to lean upon, as also upon the ground to kneel upon, but first there is a Carpet spread upon the ground, which are all suitable to the colour, of the colour of the Altar, unless the King mourneth.  
Next to the King's curtain is set a stool covered with Velvet, whereon the Lord high Steward of the King's house sits, (with his hat on) although he be no Grandee: and behind him do stand two archers of the Guard.  
A little lower on the same side is a long bench covered with velvet or tapestry for the Grandes to sit upon.  
On the left hand of the High-Altar standeth a Cathedral chair for the King's chief chaplain, which chair also serves for ●he bishops (which celebrate Mass) to be invested in.  
Right over against the King's feat is a rich chair of State, placed for the Pope's Nuncio if he be a Cardinal: if he be none then either Cardinal Sapata, or Cardinal Spinola, possess that place being present.  
Next unto this is a long form covered with velvet for the Pope's Nuntio, (if he be not a Cardinal) and the Ambassadors from other Countries, and before them is set another form covered with velvet for them to lean upon when they kneel.  
Below this are two long forms standing one before another, and reaching almost to the end of the Chapel; and these are also covered with velvet for the Chaplains of Honour to sit upon with their Surplesses, and the King's Preachers to sit upon with their heads covered.  
Behind these forms next to the wall stand the Nobility (which are not Grandes) and Gentry with their heads uncovered, amongst whom do stand the retainers to the Ambassadors.  
near unto the King's Canopy, do stand two Deans of the Chapel, and Masters of Ceremonies; who are to give notice to the Dignity that celebrates Mass; to carry the Gospel and Pax to the King to kiss, which when they are brought, the curtains are drawn: and before the Dignity (which bringeth these to the King) do walk four Stewards or Controulers, with their staffs in their hands, and so conducting him in the same manner to the Altar again, return to their places behind the Ambassadors where they stand.  
The King doth oftentimes give way to his Brother to sit with him under the Canopy: and also to some one of the Blood-royal, who is near allied unto him to sit in a back chair behind his: who also hath the honour of kissing the Gospel and Pax, with the King and his brother.  
At the lower end of the Chapel ●ight against the High-Altar are four tribunals or casements one above another in order.  
In the lowest the Queen sits to hear Mass being accompanied with her children, Infants of Spain, the Ladies of Honour, and others her attendants.  
This her Casement or Tribunal is made so close that she may see, and yet not be seen as she sits in it.  
In the second Tribunal next above the Queens, made in form and fashion like to the first, there are certain forms on which the Nobility and Gentry take their places, where they may sit covered, because it is not accounted as part of the Chapel.  
In the other two above these, do sit the Ladies and others of the Queen's servants, where also strange Ladies and Gentlewomen, which come to hear Mass may take their places.  
There is no passage to the two uppermost Tribunals, but through the Queen's quarter.  
Yearly upon Twelve day (in Memorial of the three Kings of the East) the King offers at the High-Altar, three silver Chalices gilded with gold: of which one is dedicated to the Escurial, the second remains in the Chapel, and the third is given to some poor Parish Church at his Majesty's pleasure and direction.  
Likewise it is a Custom in Spain, for the King after the first year of his Coronation, yearly to offer at the High-Altar so many Crowns as he is years old, which money is distributed to the poor by his Majesty's Almesmoner.  
When the King goes to the Chapel, his guard of Spaniards, and Germans▪ with their Holberts in their hands do make a Guard for his person, from the Presence to the Chapel: the Spaniards taking the right hand file as the King goes to the Chapel, and the Germans at his return back.  
Now for his order of going to the Chapel, first go the Deans of the Chapel, and Masters of the Ceremonies: next unto them the Gentrey of the Court: then the titulars, and after them the stewards and Controwlers with staffs in their hands, next again unto them go the Grandes two and two together, then next (if there be any) some of the blood Royal, than the King and his Brother, or if his brother be absent, and a Cardinal present, he goes on his left hand. Now in order follow the Pope's Nuntio, and the Ambassadors: and after them the Master of the Horse, the Lord high Steward, and Captain of the Guard: and last of all the Guard of Archers, or pensioners, follow without observing any order.  
In the same manner likewise the King cometh from the Chapel, only the King (as he comes out) hath his hat in his hand, till he cometh to the midst of the Chapel, and then puts it on: which done stepping two paces forward, speaks to those of the blood Royal (immediately going before him) to be covered, and going forward two paces more, turns about and biddeth the Ambassadors be covered, so going to the Chapel door beckons to the next Grandee unto him, to be covered; which Grandee being observant with low obeisance puts on his hat, and after him all the rest of the Grandees. And so the King goes to Dinner.   

The State of the King, and Queen, at Meals.  
Always at Festival times they use to Dine in public.  
First, for the Queen's Service, her Table is placed at the upper end of the presence, the place being a Boarded ascent a foot higher, than the other part of the floor; and over the Table hangs a rich canopy of State.  
This Table is covered with a Carpet, upon which a Cloth is laid, and upon this a Leather Carpet, and also a Cloth upon that: at the upper end of the Table a service is laid for her Majesty, upon the first napkin are two loaves set, one white, and another somewhat courser, which most Commonly she eats of.  
These two loaves are covered with a napkin, and a Plate dish upon that, and then all is again covered with a wrought Tablecloath of needlework, her Meat is brought up in this manner;  
First, go before three Corporals of the three Guards of the Spaniards, Germans and Burgundians: after them two Seargeants at Arms, with their Mases of silver, and gilt, in which are ingraved the Arms of Castilia and Leon: next unto them go four Stewards or Controulers with staffs in their hands, and then the Lord High-Steward with his hat on; now the first course is brought up by the Guard, and being brought to the Queen's Table the Lord High-Steward placeth it thereon: which done the Queen cometh out herself, and sitting down one of the Chaplains says grace, and hereupon there is access granted to all strangers into the presence, to see her dine, whilst she is at dinner there are three Ladies of Honour attending upon her person, as they all do in their daily courses.  
One of these Ladies uncovering of the meat dishes, delivers them to a second, who presents them to the Queen, and if the Queen be silent thereat, the second Laid delivers the dish of Meat (and so one after another in due order) unto the third who carves thereof to the Queen, and so gives it to a Minino a Nobleman's son, though somewhat less in person, yet in degree above the Pages, who carrieth away the same out of the Presence, which first and second dishes are most commonly for the Chaplain of Honour, who doth weekly wait in his turn.  
These Ladies are richly attired, with towels upon their shoulders. Now if the Lady aforesaid presenteth a dish of meat to her Majesty, which she doth not desire to eat of, she lifteth up her head, in token she likes it not, and thereupon it is taken away.  
For every dish of meat that the Queen doth taste of, she hath a clean trencher and napkin delivered unto her: and the number of dishes doth not exceed above twenty upon a festival day.  
When her Majesty hath any desire to drink, she beckeneth with her head to one of the three Ladies then attending, who (understanding her meaning by the sign) beckons to one of the Mininos to go for it: who presently goes, being conducted by one of the Controulers, or Stewards, to the presence door, where he departs from him; and then a Yeoman-usher attends him to the Plate-cubboard, where he takes a Glass or Cup of Water, (with a bearing plate whereon it stands) and returns back to the aforesaid Lady in the same manner that he went from her; and then the Lady and he do both kneel down to the Queen; and the Lady taking the bearing plate and Cup in her right hand, and uncovering the Cup with her two middle fingers of her left hand: and the bearing plate with her forefinger and thumb of the same hand, holds the Cup or Glass still in her right hand, pouring forth a little water out of the Cup into the bearing plate; which she doth taste of, and then presents it to the Quern, who drinks thereof which done the Lady with due obey san●● rising, takes the Cup from the Queen, covering it in the same manner as before she did uncover it, and she so delivereth it to the Minino, who carrieth it back in the same manner he brought it.  
The second Course is brought in as the first; with which when the Queen hath ended, her fruit and banquet is in like manner served in by the Mininos, who deliver it into the Lady's hands to place upon the Table, of which when the Queen hath with content tasted, the Mininos take it away.  
Then the Ladies and Mininos take away all but the first cloth that was laid, and then a Basin and Ewer is brought by one of the Ladies, who poureth out the water while the Queen washeth, and one of the Grandes attending with a Towel, doth cast one end of it to the Queen, and so departs, and thus Dinner being ended, all depart to their own repasts, or Dinners.  
But we must note that all the while the Queen is at Dinner all the Grandes (then present) do stand covered with their backs against the wall, and so do the Ladies on the other side, which do not for the present attend the Queen's person, each Lord in the mean time courting and conferring with his beloved Ladies: and likewise the Ladies with their affected Lords; and so the Ladies that wait, do sometimes take occasion to greet and salute their lovers, whom they intent to make their Lords and Husbands.  
Now all this while Drums are beating, Trumpets Sounding, and loud Music playing below in the great Court.  
The King is served in the same manner of State, Ladies attendants only excepted, in whose place the Gentiles hombres de La Boca, or Gentlemen-tasters, do perform their offices: but if the King and Queen dine together then the attendants wait on both sides.   

The order and manner of the Kings and Queens, going abroad in their Coach.  
FIrst a little before they go to their Coach, the Drums beat and Trumpets sound to give notice to the Nobility, and Gentrey at Court, to be ready with their attendance, than not long after the King and Queen go to their Coach in this manner.  
The Queen goes on the King's right hand, and before them go the Grooms of his Majesty's Bedchamber, and the Gentiles hombres de la Boca, or tasters to the King, with the Stewards, Controulers, and the rest of the officers of his Majesty's household with the Mininoes and Pages.  
After them, next follow the Lord and Lady high Chamberlains, and the Ladies and Maids of Honour, and at their going into the Coach, one of the Quirries puts down the Boot, & then going to the Coach side, the King himself arms the Queen into the Coach, and placeth her on his right hand; and after going in himself, is helped in by the Chief Sumillier du Corpses, Gentleman, or Squire of his body. Sometimes the King's Brothers & Sister's (being present) and the King's chief Favourite do ride in the Coach with them: and the boot of the King's Coach being put up again by one of the Quirries: They which before did attend the King and Queen (going into their Coach) take another Coach by themselves and ride next before the King; and after the King's Coach, doth ride the Lady High-Chamberlaine, and other Ladies, and Maids of Honour in other Coaches, those Noblemen which are the best beloved friends affording them their willing and ready assistance upon such occasions, which at other times is not usual with them, neither permitted: After they are all settled in their Coaches, this order is observed.  
First, rides the Captain of the Guard, with a truncheon in his hand and often without his cloak.  
Then follow the two Guards of Spaniards and Germans, after them the Stewards, and Masters of the Horse in their Coaches: and next to them the King's Coach with six Horses, and his footmen on both sides; and his Pages with their hats in their hands, en querpo or without cloaks next to the Boot of the Coach of each side: and oftentimes with their hands upon the same.  
After the King's Coach ride some of the Mininoes on Horseback without Cloaks also, some two of them each carrying a piece of Taffeta for the King's hat, and some things of the Queens.  
After these follow the Lady Chamberlains and other Coaches of Ladies, with their Guardians or Keepers (which are old men on horseback by them) and so the rest of the attendants as they follow.   

The Manner of the Kings Riding forth on Horseback, to any Public Acts, Meetings and Assemblies.  
FIrst, warning given of his going abroad as before, his horse is brought from his stable to the Court gate in this manner.  
First of all before the Horse, go all the Masters, Grooms, Lackeys and other officers of the Stable on foot, and uncovered, in number about a hundred persons.  
Next is the King's horse led by a lackey, and on each side two Quirries bore headed.  
After the horse next follows the Master of the King's horse, well mounted, and having his head covered: and after him followeth his Lieutenant with his hat off, and then the three Guards, of Spaniards, Germans, and Burgundians.  
When his Majesty is on horseback he goeth out of the Court in this manner.  
Foremost of the company go all the subordinate or inferior officers on foot, and uncovered; and if it be to any Feasts (as juego de Zor●s and juego de Cavias', 
Viz: Wild Bulls.  as the baiting of Bulls, and dar●ing of reeds (on horseback) there ride before him Trumpeters and Drummers, with kettle drums upon Mules.  
At such times and upon such occasions the Queen rides abroad with him: both of them being royally attended with the P●●●es and Gentrey belonging to the Court.  
But if he goeth to any other Public meetings, then attend upon him all the Gentlemen of his House and Court.  

There are other houses of Pa●●●ament viz, Arragon, Portugal, Valentia and Catalunia, etc.  The Magist●●●e of the Town●●●th●ll the Titulars, Burgesses of Parliament▪ (w●i●● in Castilia, are but six and thirty) Kings at Arms, Mace-bearers, with the Arms of Castilia and Leon: the Lords Stewards or Controulers, next after all these the Lord-high-steward with his Ensigns: next to him the Earl of Aropesa▪ (who still bears the naked sword before the King) last of all follow the Grandes accompanying his Majesty, his Querries going along by his stirrup uncovered.  
After the King, rides the Master of the Horse, than next the Council royal of Castilia, and if there are any more Counsels (than present) they ride before amongst them of the Nobility, according to their places.  
Also at this time two of the Guards, viz. the Spanish and Germans, do walk with their halberds on both sides of the King's Coach, and the Guard of Burgundians on Horseback with ●hei● Petternels.  
When the King goeth not to any of these P●blicke acts or meetings, he rides more privately and less attended.   

A SCEDULE OF THE Parish-Churches, and Monasteries of Friars, in MADRID.  

SAint mary's the prime Church.  
Saint Saluador.  
Saint john's.  
Saint Nicholas.  
Saint Michael.  
Saint just.  
Saint Fines.  
Saint Lewis Chapel of ease to Saint Fines.  
Saint Martins a Parish and Conventicle of Benedictine Friars.  
Saint Placedo a Chapel of ease to it.  
Santa Cruza.  
Saint Seb●stians  
Saint Andrew's.  
The Parish of the Passion, Chapel of ease to the same.  
Saint Peter.    

The Conventicles of Friars, or Monasteries.  

SAint jerems.  
Saint Bernard's.  
Saint Martin's.  
Saint Nonuerto.  
Our Ladies of Atochia.  
Saint Thomas his College.  
The College of Donia Maria of Arragon.  
The College of the Jesuits, Casa Professa of the Jesuits.  
The Noviciade of the Jesuits.  
The Monastery of Saint Philip.  
The Monastery of Saint Francis.  
The Caputchins. 

Sandiego.  
De Mercede.  
Santa Barbara.  
The Recolets.    
The Carmen which go not barefooted.  
The Carmen which go barefooted.  
Saint Basil.  
The Holy-Trinity.  
The Recolett Trinitarians.  
The Victoria.   
Besides diverse Chapels or Cells, and almost as many Monasteries of Nuns.   

Certain other special brief Observations concerning the King and state of Spain.  
FIrst the King of Spain, (for his Privacy and secret overseeing the Council, and hearing of their particular Allegations, Determinations, and Censures, concerning matters in causes brought and discussed before them) hath his private Window where he may see and hear, yet neither be seen nor heard, the cause of which first invention was imagined, and likely to be in the King for the upright administration of justice..  
Also his Majesty reserveth two days in the week, to receive petitions with his own hands, from the petitioners in his chamber of presence: and on those days any one may more freely have access to his royal person then to his favourite.  
Also there are petitions to be delivered to the Council of state, which are not first delivered to the King: but received by the Secretary of State, and so read to the Council to consider of: but if any petitions concern a weighty cause, appealing to the King's examination and censure, than the Council make referment thereof to his Majesty, who calleth unto himself four more (with his favourite) & so give satisfaction to the petitioners as the equity of their causes requireth. Now the Council themselves seldom give an absolute denial to any petitioners but hold them in suspense with demurs and procrastinations.   

The King's audience to Ambassadors.  
When any Ambassador cometh with an Embassage to the King of Spain, he is brought to the Court by some Noblemen, (as it shall please the King to give direction) and so to have access to his presence where he sits in his Chair of State, and his Grandes only standing on both sides of him: now upon the delivery of the Embassage and the King's approbation thereof, his Majesty graceth the Ambassador with a seat near himself, or some such like not ordinary favour. Now the consideration of the Embassage is referred to the Council of State, or to such amongst them as his Majesty shallbe pleased to nominate and appoint, and upon his dispatch, the king gratifies him either with a Chain of Gold, or some such like free gift.   

The demeanour of the Spaniards in these Times.  
THese generally are of an apt and quick apprehension, soon coming to maturity of policy: their allegiance to their King is faithful; are sober and vigilant, but miserable and coverous: yet both temperate and hardy in time of war.  
They desire much to be curiously apparelled in black, and their chiefest delights for recreation and pleasure are feats of Arms and Horses for service.  
They use often to stand much upon and boast more of their Gentility, and Pedigree, otherways very civil in their Conversation.  
They in no wise affect a Country life, but are much addicted to Courtlike residency and habitation.  
Also they are full fraught with Complemental Verbosity:  
They hate Duels, but often use private quarrelling in the streets, and are much given to sudden desperate stabbing: as also to Venery and Women.  
Nothing is more fearful to them then the terror of the Inquisition, and nothing almost more desired by them then a King of a black complexion.  
Their Women are sober, and of a decent proportion, but of a swarthy complexion: amiable, and loving to their husbands, and kind to their friends, in doing good unto them, according to their ability.  
They are stately in carriage, and much addicted to painting and perfuming of themselves.  
Neither they, nor their children, drink any wine, but water.  
The purest and best language is in Castilia, which comes very near to the Latin.  
They of the Province of Biscaj, do still retain their old accustomed language or speech: so doth Portugal, Galicia and Catalunia.  
The Language of the Kingdom of Seville, Murcia, Valentia, and Granada are much corrupted with the Atabian, and Moriscos speech, but chiefly, by the common sort   

The King of Spain's revenues, and his Forces at Sea, and on Land.  
THe King of Spain, his revenues (within his Dominions) are esteemed to be no less worth than twenty Millions of ducats a year: but in regard of the long continuance of War in Flaunders, (which since the beginning thereof hath cost the King more than threescore Millions) and the continual charge he is at of Garrisons in Africa, besides his Sea forces and sundry great erterprises, he is much impoverished and indebted: for he oweth above twenty Millions of ducats to the Genovesses, besides diverse other several engagements, for which he payeth yearly interest: so that most commonly he is so much behind hand as the full value of his Plate-fleet comes to, if it return safe home to him, now the King's part of that fleet cometh not to above seven Millions, or thereabouts, the rest being the Merchants, amounting to so much as the King's Share or rather more.  
The King's part is most commonly transported for payment of his debts to Genova, so soon as it is brought home.  
His revenues of estate doth more consist of Customs and taxes, than Crown land or proper means of his own.  
The taxes and impos●s, are more heavy levied upon Castilia, than any other part of his Dominions, and some Provinces are free by right of privilege, as Biscay, Valentia, Arragon and Catalunia.  
In Portugal the King hath given (for term of some lives) most part of his revenues to retain their fidelity to his Crown.  
For the Kingdom of Naples, the King doth yearly give unto the Pope on good Friday (for his absolution from excommunication (on the same day) which is Customary) a jennet (most commonly of Colour white) which is taught to kneel down, and the same jenner in the same manner upon the said day is presented to the Pope with a purse of gold about his neck: which the Pope accepts as a token of his Majesties. Fealty to his holiness: but the King of France doth not acknowledge any such matter, but do●h lay claim to the Kingdom of Naples, as hereditary to his Crown.  
This Kingdom of Naples for wealth (in respect of the continent do●h exceed most Kingdoms of Christendom. For this Kingdom with Sicily, Milan, Sardinia, Majorca, Minorca, ●launders and Burgundy do yield the King above eight Millions a year, none of which is put into the King's Coffers except a little from Naples and Sicilie● the rest and more is disbursed for the maintenance of his Viceroys, Governors, Captains, Garrisons, Officers, and other charges in th●t behalf.  
The Kingdom of Spain in imposts, Bulls of Crusada, and Ecclesiastical first fruits, doth yield unto the King at the least six Millions of ducats a year: which are disbursed for the maintenance of his Court, payment of Pentions, and defraying of Charges in Martial affairs.  
For men at Arms the King is able to furnish, and hath ready upon very short warning (if there should happen any sudden invasion) fifty thousand foot, and twenty thousand Horse or rather more, all which have continually complete Arms in a readiness as they themselves are, to serve the King in land service.  
For Sea forces beside the Plate fleet (which most commonly with Merchant's Ships are threescore sail) he hath at Cales and Gibraltar, sixteen stout men of War to maintain the straits and clear the Coasts.  
Also at Lisbon, for the maintenance of the Coast of Portugal, he hath twelve men of War, the Admiral of which is of a thousand Tun burden.  
Likewise in Biscaj, he maintains ten men of War more, for the safeguard of those parts and Galicia.  
Now besides all these he hath some four and thirty Galleys for clearing of his Coasts, in the summer time especially.  
In the Kingdom of Naples, his Majesty hath nine or ten great Ships for Sea service, besides four and twenty Galleys, and fifteen more in the Kingdom of Sicily, besides those of Genova.  
Now as the Mariners are not very skilful so they most commonly take with them no more provision for Anchors, Cables, and Tackle, than need requires for the present, and few good Gunners they have of their own Nation, but are beholding to English, and other strangers.  
Indeed few do desire to be Sailors or Mariners, in regard the land Soldiers, have always the pre-eminence over them, and their Ships are full furnished wi●h them.  
Now when there is any doubt of the safety of the Plate fleet, most of the above said Kings Ships go to meet them for their safe Conduct, and Convoy home.  
The several Kingdoms or Provinces in Spain, are these, Toledo, Seville, Cordova, jaen, Leon, Navarre, Valentia, Gibraltar, Granada, Murcia, Castilia, Galicia, Arragon, Catalunia, Portugal the signory of Biscaj, the algarves of Algezira.  
When any Proclamation issueth from his Majesty upon any public occasion, his titles prefixed are these. Philip by the grace of God, King of Castilia, Leon, Arragon, the two Sicily's, jerusalem, Portugal, Navarre, Granada, Toledo, Valentia, Galicia, Majorca, Seville, Sardinia, Cordova, Corcica, Murcia, jaen, the Alga ve of Algezira, Gibraltar the Canarie-Ilands, the East and West Indies, and all the islands, and firm Land of the Ocean Sea; Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgandie, Brabant, and Milan, Earl of Asbourg, Flaunders, Tiroll and Barcelona, Lord of Biscaj, Molina, else now after these Titles, and Proclamation expressed, he in Spain, only useth, I the King. But when upon any occasion he writeth to the States of Flaunders, he writes, I Philip Earl of Flaunders.  
The Cities in Spain are these, 
There are only two Parliament men chosen in every City which stand for the whole Pr●uences.  Seville, Granada, Guenca, Soria, Auila, Cordova, jaen, Toledo, Guadalajara, Segovia, Salamanca, Camora, Vallodolid, Burgos, Toro, Leon, Murcia, all these are to tender their service to his Majesty upon any occasion of Parliament, being thereunto called, and also Madrid, although it be no City, but the only place of the King's residence in Court.  

Cities in Galicia.  
Compostella.  
Tuie.   

In Austria of Ouiedo.  
Mondenedo.  
Leon.  
Pomperado.   

In Austria S. Ellene.  
S. Ellene.   

In Biscaj.  
Victoria.   

In Navarre.  
Pampelone.   

In Catalunia.  
Barcelona.  
Tarragone.  
Mouson.  
Seguenca.   

In Andalusia.  
Seville.  
Cadiz.  
Medina Sidonia.  
Esica.  
jaen.  
Mallega.  
Zxeres.  
Cordova.  
Vbeda.  
Bacca.  
Adujar.   

In the County.  
Aymonte.   

In Castilia.  
Burgos.  
Taragone.  
Guadalajara.  
Segovia.  
Calohorra.  
Zamora.  
Toro.  
Medina del Campo.  
Salamanca.   

In Arragon.  
Saragosa.  
Tarrell.  
Durago.  
Valentia.   

In Valentia.  
Cuenca.  
Segoruia.  
Oraguella.   

In Mancha.  
Alacantie.  
Segure.   

In Granado.  
Granado.  
Almerie.  
Carthagena.  
Murcia.  
Gudix.   

In Toledo.  
Cuidad royal.  
Alcala de He●ares.  
Toledo.   

In Estremadura.  
Placenta.  
Auyla.  
Badajos.  
Merida.   

In Portugal.  
Lisbon.  
Euora.  
Coimbra.  
Porto.  
Braga.  
Bragance.  
Cuidad Roderigo.  
Beiria.  
Cono.  
Olivensa.  
Eluas.  
Guarda.  
Settwall.  
Lelues.  
Leria.    

A note of all the Havens, Ports and Fishing Towns, upon the Coast of Spain, from Fontarabie in Biscaj, to Barcelona in the Mediterranean Sea.  

In Biscai.  
Fontarabie, a bard Haven.  
Passage and Rend●rie, an open Haven.  
S. Sebastian's, a bay Haven.  
Suinaj and Guittari●, bard.  
Montrica and Deva, Fishing towns.  
Mondac and Alequito, Fishers.  
Vermeo and Placentia, Fishers.  
Bilbao and Portugalete, bard.   

In Asturies.  
Aluredo a Key Haven.  
S. Ander an open Haven.  
S. Vincent de la Barkera Fishers.  
Ariba de Sella Fishers.  
Villa vitiosa Fishers.  
Chinchon a Key.  
Torre Fishers.  
Peva Fishers.  
Loarca bard.  
Auiles bard.   

In Galicia.  
Riba deo bard.  
Vuiero and Sidera Fishers.  
Farroll open.  
The Groin open.  
M●ngea bard.  
Corcaviava bard.  
Muros bard.  
Porta Vietra bard.  
Vigo and Bajone open.   

In the County.  
Aymonte a bard haven.  
Selua and Palos Fishers   

In Andaluzia.  
S. Lucar de Barameda, stands in the entrance of the river Guadalquivir, which goes up to Seville, and doth consist most of Fishers.  
Seville a bard haven.  
Rota a key.  
Cadiz open.  
S. Marry port bard.   

Streits toward Barcelona.  
Gibraltar an open Rode and Key.  
Grand Malega a Key Rode.  
Maruela an open Rode.  
Velez Malega a key Rode.  
Almerie Fishers.  
Carthagena a Haven.   

In Valentia.  
Alicante the port of Valentia a Haven.  
Velentia a Creek.  
Empullas.  
Taragona. all Fishers.  
Palamos. all Fishers.  
Empurias. all Fishers.  
Rosas.  
Barcelona an open Haven.   

In Portugal.  
Camina bard.  
Viana bard.  
Villa de Gonde bard.  
Avero bard.  
Porto de Portugal bard.  
Caso●is Fishers.  
Lisbon open.  
Sensembrie ●ard.  
Setun open.  
Lagos a Key.  
Villa-novas bard.  
Farovillas' bard.  
Figera. Fishers.  
Tavilla. Fishers.  
Castromariti. Fishers.   
I only touch the great inconvenience that Bra●●e Coins, 
The Brass Coins of Spain.  hath and doth daily produce in Spain. Philip the second being straitened in Moneys, to supply his present necessities in War, gave birth to this Monster, in Coining five Millions of Brass in several pieces, the greatest pieces are called Quartillos', of the which eight and a half make two royals, which is twelvepences English, one pound of Brass makes threescore and odd of them. Since which time they have been Coined by Philip the third, and Philip the fourth now reigning, above eight M●llians more. The Easterlings discovering the benefit and profit thereof, have at several times fraughted the king of Spain's Dominions with thirty Millions more being brought in under hand. At the first it past as currant as their silver, only one Royal in a hundred royals abared: but since (to the great detriment of the Subjects) it hath raised to two, and so to sixty in the hundred exchange, which occasioned the State of Spain, to search into the secret, and to redress the error, the care as dangerous as the sore. For the better sort of people having got (through the scarcity of Silver which hath been in Spain this seven years) the most part of this Brass coin into their hands, which caused his Majesty's Treasury to receive their rents in Brass in stead of Silver. Now for the prevention of future inconveniences, and to frustrate the Easterlings, the State of Spain have decreed that this Coin shall pass currant but for half the value, which loss falling upon the better sort of people, they to save themselves have enhanced their Commodities to the double value thereof, so that the poorer sort of people are not only deprived of all commerce, but straytned in their provision of daily sustenance, to the hazard of their lives, the Exchange holding still to twenty in the hundred.  
The circuit of Spain, is five hundred and forty Leagues by Sea, and fourscore by land, in all above eighteen hundred English Miles, many more particulars I could here recite, as of their Customs, and transportable commodities which the Kingdom affords, but I presume they are already divulged, and therefore I will not trouble the Readers patience with any more at this time.  
FINIS.