A DISCOURSE CONTAINING A LOVING INVITATION both Honourable, and profitable to all such as shall be Adventurers, either in person, or purse, for the advancement of his Majesty's most hopeful Plantation in the NEWFOUNDLAND, lately undertaken.  
WRITTEN BY CAPTAIN RICHARD WHITBOURNE of Exmouth, in the County of Devon.  
Imprinted at London by Felix Kyngston, dwelling in Pater-noster-Row. 1622.   

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY LORD CARY, Viscount of Faulkland, Controller of his Majesty's household, and one of his Majesty's most Honourable privy Council.  
RIGHT HONOURABLE:  
THe Plantation of Newfoundland, to which my former Discourse, (not unknown to your Lordship) as a Harbinger hath in part already chalked out the way, and so far prevailed with the clearness and solidity of your judgement, that lying on the natural truth of my reasons, I am confident there need no second motives to confirm your Honour's approbation of my first; seeing the same hath been approved by the Lords of his Majesty's most Honourable privy Council, as a Work both profitable and necessary for his Majesty's Kingdoms in general: But because the affections and resolutions of men do sometimes freeze, in stead of heating, and most decline, when, to the eye of the world, they seem most to advance; I have therefore adventured to fortify and assist my former printed discourse, with this second; and by unfolding other reasons unto all such as are willing to be Adventurers in your pretended purpose, whereby to make it apparent that the said Plantation bears its persuasion with it: yea, that it hath all the grounds, and runs on all the feet of good probabilities, as Religion, Honour, Empire, and Profit. For it will propagate Christians, where there are as yet but few. It will adorn the Crown of our Sovereign with a spacious Continent: yea, it will empty England of many people, which may so well be spared, and yearly replenish it with abundance of treasure, which it so much wanteth. And although my ensuing Discourse be plain, yet I affirmatively aver, it is true: for as I have delighted in the latitude of matter, and not in the altitude of words; so I have written it out of my certain experience and knowledge, and not out of any borrowed speculation; as having many years, with much labour, industry and cost, played the practice part in that Country, as well as the theoric: and therefore know well how to reduce my former contemplation, into future action, as it may partly appear by representing your Lordship's several Circuits of land in that Country (to the open view) in her native and natural colours, and by proposing and discovering the means how, and where the Plantation may be made firm, flourishing, and profitable, to all such as will adventure therein. Now as you have undertaken it with much zeal and judgement, so I no ways doubt, but you will be the means to establish and settle it with renown and profit. And even as little Pinnaces do often look when the greater Ships will weigh Anchor, whereby they may pass with the more safety under their conduct, unto their wished Port: So the eyes of many subjects do rejoice, that your Honour gives spirit and life to this Plantation, whereby they may be employed therein. For mine own part, I have received many testimonies of favour from your hands, during my long attendance at Court herein: although, as yet, the Subjects are not possessed with my books, whereby they may be informed of the validity of the reasons they contain for the establishing of this Plantation. And thus I humbly present these my endeavours, as a thankful expression and acknowledgement in part of such great favours, as I have already received from your hands, until the providence of God, and the pleasure of his Majesty command me to make trial of what my two discoveries and narrations have proposed and promised. Thus with hearty desire unto the Almighty for your long life, with increase of great honour, and happiness, I will ever remain.  
Your Lordships, in all duty and humbleness to be commanded, RICHARD WHITBOURNE.   

TO THE READER.  
GOod Reader, I have, in my former printed Discourse, laid open a discovery of the Newfoundland, and purpose (in this my second labours, to acquaint all Undertakers of that Plantation, what particular profit may redound to themselves and posterities, and what honours (through their industry) will accrue to the English Nation; Bear therefore, I beseech thee, with my rough style, and plain meaning, in which I strive rather to show truth in her own brightness, then to heap applause or glory to myself. To crown that Country of Newfoundland with due praises, that she may (by the approbation and favour of his Majesty) be justly called a Sister-land to this great Island of Britannia, Ireland, Virginia, New-England, and Nova-scotia: And that she may claim herself this bold and honourable Title, the world, I think, will be on her side, especially because she, from her own mouth, doth show what infinite and unspeakable benefits for many years together, the negotiation of our Kingdom with her, hath brought to all our people, not only by the increrse of Mariners and shipping, but by enriching of many a subject, and so consequently by the relieving of many thousands of families, which else had lived in miserable wants for lack of honest employments; Our English Nation, having more than fourscore years together, made thriving and profitable Voyages to that Country, the possession whereof began in our late Sovereign of happy memory, Queen Elizabeth, and so continues more strongly now in his Majesty, without the claim, interest, or authority of any other Prince.  
Touching the Island itself: It lieth a great part thereof more to the South than 47. degrees of North-latitude, which is five degrees nearer the Equinoctial line, than the City of London: the distance of it on this side from the Continent of America, bearing the same proportion that England doth to the nearest part of France, and lieth near the course, and half the way between Ireland and Virginia.  
This proper and commodious situation of the place, together with the correspondency of benefits, which not only England, but Scotland, and Ireland may, and do receive from the same, fills me more with an ardent desire, so to have her styled, a Sister-land. And worthily may that Royalty be bestowed upon her: For as great Britain hath ever been a cherishing nurse and mother to other foreign sons and daughters, feeding them with the milk of her plenty, and fatting them at her breasts, when they have been even starved at their own: Even so hath this worthy Country of Newfoundland from time to time given free and liberal entertainment to all that desired her blessings: and chiefly (above all other Nations) to the English. What receive we from the hands of our own Country, which in most bounteous manner, we have not had, or may have at hers? Nay, what can the world yield, to the sustentation of man, which is not in her to be gotten? Desire you wholesome air (the very food of life?) It is there: shall any Land power in abundant heaps of nourishments & necessaries before you? There you have them: What seas so abounding in fish, what shores so replenished with fresh and sweet waters? The wants of other Kingdoms are not felt here, and those provisions which many Country's want, are from thence supplied. How much is Spain, France, Portugal, Italy, and other places beholding to this noble part of the world for fish and other commodities, it is to be admired. Let the Dutch report what sweetness they have sucked from her by trade thither, in buying of fish from our Nation. And (albeit all the rest should be dumb) the voices of them are as Trumpets loud enough, to make England fall more and more in love with such a sister-land. I will not weary thee (good Reader) with leading thee to those famous, fair, and profitable rivers, nor to those delightful, large and inestimable woods, neither over all those fruitful and enticing hills, and delightful valleys, there to hawk and hunt, where there is neither Clown, nor savage people to hinder thy sports. They are such, that in so small a piece of paper, as now my love salutes thee with, I cannot fully set them down as they deserve: and therefore entreat thee, with judgement, with patience, and with desire, for the benefit of they Country, to read over this Discourse, which I trust may encourage thee to further so hopeful a Plantation, as it appeareth to be, and also give thee ample satisfaction, and just cause to answer opposers, if any out of ignorance, or other sinister respect, shall seek to hinder so honourable and worthy designs. So wishing thee all happiness, I rest  
Ever thine, for my Country's good, RICHARD WHITBOURNE.   

A LOVING INVITATION TO ALL his Majesty's loving Subjects, for their general good.  
SEeing it hath pleased the Kings most excellent Majesty, long since, to grant a Patent unto some right Honourable and right worshipful persons, and others, for a Plantation in the Newfoundland: my often travels to that Country, and many wrongs which I received there, gave me cause to take some notice, and observe the unfitness of the place where the said Plantation was first begun; as also how in several years, Pirates, and erring Subjects were there entertained; which as I conceived, was a dishonour to his Majesty, an abuse to the Undertakers of that worthy purpose; as also a general wrong to all his Majesty's subjects which adventure thither. And likewise often seeing great abuses committed there yearly by the traders thither, I was thereby emboldened to compile my former discovery of that Country as now it is. The which when I had so done, I did not trust only to my own judgement, that the same was fit to be presented unto his Majesty, until I had the approbation of some judicial Lords, and other right worshipful Knights, that it was a business of worth to be so presented, as it hath been. Since which time, I have not seen any reason to the contrary in myself, neither have I hitherto found any judicial contradiction in others, but that to inhabit and plant several Colonies of his Majesty's subjects in that Country, will be both honourable and profitable to them all in general. Whereunto seeing your Honour is led by your own proper virtues and generosity: as also the right Honourable Sir George Caluert Knight (one of the principal Secretaries to his Majesty) and diverse others right worshipful Knights and Esquires in some other several parts there, whereby it appears that your Honours, nor any of the other Undertakers are dis-heartened therein, by reason the same hath not been as yet so orderly proceeded on as ye both intent. For there is no doubt, but that other men's errors will make you and yours the more curious in the conduction thereof; like expert Pilots, who by the discovery of rocks and shelves, know how to avoid them, and by sight of other men's shipwrecks, perfectly know how to prevent their own. Of which Country, considering his Majesty, out of his Princely care and understanding, hath taken such deep and singular notice; by which both ye, and diverse others are, as also partly by my discoveries, encouraged thereunto to make it famous unto all posterities; And sith Plantations as well as reformations begin by degrees: so you have all the pregnant reasons of the world to rest assured; that when you have begun to settle your directions and designs well therein, you have half ended: and because the attempt and enterprise hereof is as full of assurances, as hopes, the issue thereof will undoubtedly prove fortunate, and the success glorious. And although your judgements & reasons have already made you, not only credulous, but confident hereof, yet to inform and prepare the knowledge of those who shall be willing to assist the same with you both, in the honours and profits which will accrue thereby, I have adventured to compile and divulge this ensuing Treatise, which tends and leads that way; although I know well, that the work deserves a more curious pen to make it pass currant with the judicious Reader: Yet my sincerity and integrity in penning it, will, I trust, supply the defects, or at least the truth thereof; which is indeed the only proper foundation, structure, and ornament herein. And thus fearing, lest I should make this my introduction over tedious: I will proceed and lay open the matter and reasons for the performance thereof, to the sight and censure of whomsoever hath seen that Country, or shall be willing to assist your so noble and worthy designs.  
The two several circuits of land in that Country, which is so granted unto your Lordship, & your heirs in fee for ever, I have here plainly expressed in what a temperate Climate it lieth; As also in what manner the bounds thereof extend: Likewise the commodious lying of some good Harbours, Bays, and Roads within the same; where great store of Shipping hath long time used to ride at Anchor, for making of their fishing Voyages: As also partly the pleasantness of some parts of the said several Circuits: And what the particular charge may amount unto, for victualling forth a Ship of one hundred Tun burden to that Country with forty persons, provided with all necessaries for the fishing voyage, and for the good of the said Plantation: As also what yearly benefit may accrue unto the Adventurers thereby: And withal, by God's assistance, the said Plantation to be proceeded on with much facility: As also in what liberal manner you will be pleased to entertain such as shall be willing to adventure with you therein. The reasons which I shall deliver, to perform what I have written herein, I humbly submit unto your favour and judgement: the defects and things needless, to your honourable censure and pardon. So shall I not fear, any who hath seen that Country, shall be able justly to disprove the same.  
The Southmost part of your Circuit in that Land, which is now called by the name of South-Fawlkland, lieth near in forty six degrees and a half of Northerly latitude, beginning on the East side of that Island, at a certain Harbour called Renowze: And from thence West unto a certain Bay in that Island, called by the name of Pleasaunce: And from the foresaid harbour of Renowze towards the North, so far as half the way between another certain Harbour there, called Agafort, and another Harbour called Formosa: And from thence towards the West, so far as the foresaid Bay of Pleasaunce: And so from the said West line towards the South, unto the abovesaid West line, which cometh there from the aforesaid Harbour of Renowze: And all that which is inclusively within the said Circuit.  
From the said Harbour of Renowze, unto the middle way between the said Agafort and Formosa: it is in breadth South and North, above 6. English miles: And in length no less than 50. East and West.  
Formosa is a Harbour fit for any Ship, of what burden soever, there to ride well at Anchor, and stretcheth towards the West from the entrance thereof, near four miles; into which Harbour there yearly comes above 20. sail of English Ships, which have commodious places to salt and dry fish on: and also diverse Portugal Ships; It is a Harbour that with small charge may be well defended, so as no Pirates might come in there, but by leave. The Land on the North side of the said Harbour, near a mile in length by the Harbour's side, is fit for drying of fish, and other purposes; the rest of the North side of the said Harbour, to the innermost part thereof, by the Harbour's side, is something rocky, where grow store of Fir and spruce trees, and other fruits. There are diverse commodious places on the South side of the said Harbour, for salting and drying of fish, and building of houses, and many more such convenient places may very fitly be made there, when people begin to inhabit that place. For the fertility of the soil, in diverse places between Formosa and Renowze, I think it to be so good as any other Land in all that Country, not only for the pleasantness of the Climate it lies in; but also for the goodness, commodious and level lying of many hundred acres in large valleys of good deep earth, open and clean, without rocks and trees, which (questionless) is fit for Wheat, Rye, Barley, and other grain: As also for Flax, Hemp, Woad, Tobacco, and many other purposes. How the goodness of that Circuit is towards the West, from the innermost parts of these two harbours, I cannot directly write of; more than five miles. The which Land further into the Country, as I did often observe it, standing on the hills, it seemed to me, so far as I could descry, to be very pleasant, and promise well. There are large ponds, and a fair, broad, and long river of deep fresh waters upon the hills, between the said two harbours; wherein are store of good Trout taken some times; And the Fir and spruce trees growing round about the said Ponds and River fresh and green, Winter and Summer, with such flagrant shows, as no trees in such a Climate can make a more delightful sight of greenness, than those do there; whereon the Thrush, Thrussels, Nightingales, and other birds do often sit and sing so pleasantly, as if they were never pinched with cold, or want of food, as such birds are in England diverse winters.  
Between the harbours of Formosa and Renowze, it is three English miles, where ways may be commodiously and easily made both for man and beast, to travel from one of the said harbours to the other: And in my opinion (which I submit to better censures) the fittest place within that Circuit, first to settle a Colony, is near unto the harbour of Renowze, which lieth five degrees more towards the South, than the City of London; which is is no less than 280. English miles: It is a very pleasant place for that purpose, having several large valleys, which are more than three hundred acres of good open land, deep earth, clean without rocks and trees, lying under the hills on the Northside of them very commodiously; which are fit to be employed (with little labour) for corn, meadows, pasture, or whatsoever. And there are several brooks of fresh water which fall into the said harbour, where comes yearly great store of good Salmon, Salmon-peales, Trout, and other fish, of which kinds there are taken great store.  
Look into the woods, and open lands near unto Renowze; there comes often great store of Deer, and other beasts, which are fit for profit and delight: As also in and near thereunto infinite numbers of land-fowle, and sea-fowl: and in Summer time, there are abundance of fruits, as there are not better of such kinds elsewhere: As also herbs, and pleasant flowers which grow there naturally very plentifully. And diverse Fishermen have carried thither seeds, and sowed them in convenient places; whereby they have often had good Cabbage, Lettuce, Beets, Carrots, and such like, very fair and good: and for Turnips, I never saw better than there, both for greatness, relish, and goodness; I esteem them to be equal with any Potato roots which are growing elsewhere. There is also store of spruce, Fir, Pine, and Birch trees fit for many serviceable purposes: And many long rushes which are fit to cover houses withal, as the reed of wheat or rye, wherewith diverse men's houses of good ability are covered: And I am also of opinion, upon some proof which I made, that there are lime stones, which is a special necessary to begin a Plantation withal.  
There come yearly to that harbour of Renowze above twenty sail of English Ships, to fish, besides other Nations, and there are commodious places for them all to salt and dry fish on; and much better, in time, may those places be made for that purpose: And there come also into those two harbours, Ships and Barks yearly from England, and other places, to load fish, and train oil, from the Fishermen: In which Ships great store of people and provisions; as also beasts may be cheaply carried thither.  
There is a small Island of stones and Beach, at the innermost part of the harbour of Renowze, whereon a ship of sixty ton burden may well labour to make his fishing voyage on; which is near the circuit of two acres of ground, and it doth ebb and flow in and out by both sides of the said Island, six foot of water upright every tide, and that tide runs half a mile above the said Island, where it is very deep water, and of a good breadth: diverse Ships do yearly salt, and dry their fish, above the said Island on both sides of that River; although there is not water for any Boat to pass in or out by the said Island at every low water, for the space of more than an hour. And there may be commodiously a Bridge made on either side, in less than half a day, fit to pass at all times, both for man & beast, from one side of the harbour to the other, upon any occasion, which is a greater commodity, for that purpose, than any other harbour in that land, which I know that hath the like. And from thence to the harbours mouth, a piece of Ordnance will shoot a Bullet level; and so the like above, to every place where men use to salt and dry fish: so that if a sortification be made in that Island, where the fresh Rivers are so pleasant, it will not only offend any enemy, from coming into that harbour; but also defend such Ships and men which come yearly there a fishing, or to trade.  
And if any enemies should at any time come thither by land from any other place, to pretend hurt to any man there; he cannot be at any place on either side of the said harbour, where men use to labour about their fish; but that a piece of Ordnance, being placed on that Island, will shoot a Bullet to any such; so that by such a fortification, every man which comes there, may in more security reap the benefit of their labours, than some men have done in that Country in former times. And then there may fitly be some shelters builded, whereby to succour such Beasts as are carried thither at the first, so as no devouring beast of that Country may spoil them by night: and in the day time, they may feed in the pleasant valleys, and upon the hills, even close by the said Island, on both sides of the said harbour, where a piece of Ordnance will shoot a Bullet unto them if there be cause.  
There usually come every year in the fishing trade, unto the harbours of Formosa, and Renowze, above eight hundred English men; which men may, to assist one another upon any occasion, come together in less time than two hours' warning, either by Sea or Land. And there is yearly all the Summer time, great fishing near unto both the said harbours mouths, where men may, when they think good, stand upon the land, and call unto the Fishermen to come into the said harbours unto them; which is also such a good commodity for security, as few harbours in that land have the like.  
In both which harbours, there is store of Lobsters, Crabs, Muscles, and other Shellfish; And above the foresaid Island, it is the most commodious place for Geese, Ducks, and other Waterfowl, winter and summer, as there is not the like in any other harbour on the East side of that Land, to the Southward of the Bay of Conception; whereof those men, which I left there all the winter season, in Anno 1618. made good proof, and so likewise the winter before that time, and sithence.  
THus having expressed a part of the commodiousness of the Land and Sea, near unto the harbours of Formosa and Renowze; I will also relate a part of the commodiousness, and great hope of good, which may come unto such as will be Adventurers with your Lordship, in your other circuit of Lands in that Country, now called by the name of Trinity Land, which beginneth at the middle way of the entrance into the Bay of Trinity in 48. degrees, and two terces of Northerly latitude; and from thence towards the West, unto the inmost part of the said Trinity Bay, and from the inmost part of Trinity Bay, unto the bounds of the Sea, on the West side of that Land. And from the foresaid latitude, at the entrance into the said Trinity Bay, directly from thence towards the North, so far as the Northmost part of a certain small Island, lying near the latitude of 51. degrees, called by the name of Penguin Island; And from thence to the Westermost part of the Newfoundland, in that latitude; And from that latitude on the West side of the said Trinity Land, so far to the South, as the foresaid West line, which cometh from the inmost part of the foresaid Trinity Bay; And all the Lands, Harbours, Bays, Roades, Lands, and whatsoever, which is inclusively within the said circuit.  
The Cape Bona vista, is the head land on the North side of the entrance into Trinity Bay, and there is a reasonable good harbour, where Ships do yearly use to fish, called the harbour of Bona vista, and diverse small Lands are near thereunto; where yearly breed great abundance of diverse sorts of Sea-fowles, of which birds and their eggs, men may take so many of them as they list; and from the harbour of Bona vista, unto a little harbour called S. Catalina, on the North side of Trinity Bay, where fisher Boats do often harbour, upon some occasions; it is near six leagues West South-west in, towards the said Bay; And from thence unto a Road for Ships, called English Harbour, towards the Northwest, it is two leagues, where some years 6. or 7. sail of good Ships have made their fishing voyages; And from thence to the Northwest, half a league, lieth a harbour, called Salmon Cove, wheresome years 10. sail of good Ships have made their voyages; And from thence to the West a league, lieth a good Road, called Robin Hoods Bay, where some years 6. good Ships have made their voyages; From thence unto the West, half a league, lie the best harbours in that Land, called by the name of Trinity Harbour, where some years, above 20. sail of good Ships have made their fishing voyages; And from Trinity harbour towards the West two leagues, lieth the harbour of Bonauenter, where some years, 5. or 6. good Ships make their voyages; And from thence to the West near two leagues, lieth a River or Inlet navigable, fit for any ship to sail in, stretching towards the North, which I may well call the River of Bonauenter, because it is supposed to run into the Bay of Flowers, which lieth on the North side of Trinity harbour; At the entrance of of which River, some years, diverse Ships hau● rid there at anchor, to make their voyages; And from thence West 4. leagues, lieth a harbour called Hearts-ease, where diverse good Ships have made their voyages; And between the foresaid River of Bonauenter, and the said harbour of Hearts-ease; there is a very good harbour, stretching towards the North, above 6. leagues, called Hayleford Haven, where Ships do not use to fish, by reason there are no convenient places to dry their fish on, near the entrance into the said harbour. And above the said harbour of Hearts-ease, to the Westermost part of Trinity Bay, it is no less than twelve leagues: And there is also good fishing far into the Bay, within the said harbour of Hearts-ease, as by good proof hath been often made.  
Between the said harbour of Hearts-ease, and the foresaid English harbour, there are many delightful and fruitful Lands, none of them above a mile from the Land; And the Bay of Trinity is in breadth, at the nearest place, which is right over against the harbour of Hearts-ease, above 5. leagues; And those that fish on the South side of the said Bay, do yearly send their Boats to the North side, for bait to take their fish withal; because such bait is there in great abundance; And on those foresaid Lands, there yearly breed innumerable store of Geese, Ducks, Gulls, and other Sea-fowle, to which places the natives of the Country do often come from the North, and fetch those Fowls and their eggs, as they have been often seen so to do.  
There have diverse years been above sixty sail of good Ships fishing in the foresaid Trinity harbour, and those foresaid Bays, Roades, and harbours, and they have all made as great thriving voyages there, as any other Ships have made at any other place in that Country; all that North side of Trinity Bay lieth pleasantly against the South, being near in the latitude of 49. degrees, by which it may be well conceived, the Climate of itself should be very pleasant, considering that the City of London is more than three degrees to the North, than that place, which is no less than 180. English miles; and there is all such fruits in great abundance, as are formerly recited in my discovery of that Country, and all such sorts of fish of what kind soever, so plentiful, as in any other part to the Southward on that Coast; and the Fir, spruce, Pine, and Birch trees are there much greater, and longer, and the Country fuller of woods, than it is to the Southward; and if some people do once begin to inhabit there, questionless, there is great hope in doing much good, not only in fishing, and manuring of land, but also in sawing of boards, and squaring of Timber, fit to be transported from thence into other Countries; as also for making of Iron, Salt, Soap, Pitch and Tar; whereby good profit may be gotten; considering what commodities in all Europe do more decay than wood, whereof there is no likelihood (in the opinion of man) ever to be any want thereof in that Country. So that it may be well conceived, it is a good neighbour Country to lay hold on, seeing it may be possessed so fitly.  
Thus according to my certain knowledge, I have partly showed how your several Circuits lie in that Country; and partly the great hope whereby it may encourage diverse worthy men to become suitors unto your Honour, to be Adventurers to further the same, when they shall also be made acquainted with such bountiful conditions, as you will be pleased to grant unto every such Adventurer.  
Which conditions, are as it hath pleased your Lordship something to acquaint me withal, That any who will adventure 100 pounds to settle a Colony near unto the foresaid harbour of Renowze, and towards the setting forth of such shipping thither yearly in the fishing trade, as it may please you; and such as shall adventure therein to think good, whereby to advance the said Plantation, and also to defray the charge in setting forth such shipping with good profit.  
So that such shipping so employed, shall carry people yearly, and provisions, for all such as shall continue there, and such beasts, and all other necessaries as may be thought fit, and not to hire any other Ship for that purpose only: And that any Adventurer shall not only have his equal part, proportionably of the benefit which may be yearly gotten there, by the fishing; but also such part of the benefit as may be gotten by the labours and industry of those which shall yearly be sent to remain there, as servants to you and the Adventurers, who are to provide for them.  
And also any such shall likewise have (which adventures 100 pounds to be employed as aforesaid) the one half part and preogative of one of the foresaid Harbours, Bay, or Road on the Northside of Trinity Bay, and the circuit of two thousand acres of such land and woods as is next adjoining thereunto, in fee for ever to be holden of your Lordship, by the rent of a penny by the year for every such hundred acres of land and woods, which is twenty pence by the year for two thousand acres.  
And also he shall have in fee for ever, to him and his assigns, a convenient place to build a Stage, and necessary rooms to salt fish on, and to build a dwelling house, and other convenient houses, near unto the harbours of Formosa and Renowze, with a sufficient circuit of ground to dry fish on, and for some other purposes, fit for a Ship of fouresore Tun burden.  
So that any such undertaker do within a fit time limited, settle and maintain there to inhabit eight persons at least: and so many more as he shall think good; and take the benefit of their labours to his own particular account, which may be worth yearly a great profit to any such Adventurer, and to pay for the same as a rent by the year 10. s. And for default of not continuing there yearly, after a fit time limited, eight persons; or for non payment of the foresaid rents of ten shillings by the year; and the abovesaid rent of twenty pence by the year: then any such undertaker shall forfeit his right, title and interest in all such land and woods; and likewise in the said place for salting and drying of fish (but not the benefit of such a sum as he shall so adventure.) And if any such adventurer, or any of his servants or assigns, shall at any time find within your said lands there, any mines of gold, silver, or what metal soever, he shall yield unto your Lordship or assigns an indifferent part thereof.  
And whosoever will adventure 200. pounds, may not only have a whole Harbour, Bay, or Road to himself in fee for ever, and four thousand acres of land, and woods thereunto adjoining on the North side of Trinity Bay; but also a convenient place, and ground to build Stages and houses, and for drying of fish fit for a Ships fishing voyage of 160. ton burden, near unto the harbours of Formosa and Renowze; so that any such Undertaker, or his assigns do, within such a convenient time as shall be set down in his grant, maintain there sixteen persons, as his servants or tenants, and to pay double so much rend by the year, as whosoever adventures but 100 pounds as aforesaid: And likewise he shall receive double so much of the benefit and good, which may come by the adventure of any such sum, in setting forth of such shipping as are to be employed as aforesaid; and also the like by the labours of those which shall be employed in the intended Plantation.  
And whosoever shall adventure less than 100 li. be it 80. li. 60. li. 50. li. 30. li. or 20. li. shall have less proportionably in every respect, what he shall have that adventures 100 pounds: And whosoever shall adventure 200. pounds or a greater sum, or but 100 pounds or a less sum, should disburse the one moiety or half part thereof this first year, whereby to make provisions for the fishing voyage, and shipping to be in perfect readiness in fit time.  
And any man which shall thus adventure 200. pounds or a greater or less sum, he should bring in the other half part of such a sum as he doth promise, and subscribe to adventure the second year at convenient time, whereby to make fit provisions in readiness of all necessaries, as shall be then thought fitting for the year following, and then by God's assistance, there is great hope of gain to be made, and good proceedings in the said Plantation.  
Some of those which will be Adventurers in this manner, may be as Committees, to give their best opinions, what they should conceive to be most fitting in every respect; whereby there may be the more orderly proceedings therein, and whatsoever any 4, 5, 6, or a more number of them may think fit: one, or more of them may at convenient times acquaint your Honour withal, whereby it may the more speedily be put in action, and you so little troubled withal, from your other weighty occasions as possible may be: And so one of the said Committees to be as Treasurer, who may keep the books of accounts, of whatsoever may be so adventured, and likewise to be received, which will give a good content to every Adventurer.  
And as concerning the manner how Ships and men should be employed in this intended Plantation, I shall as followeth acquaint you; whereby there may be hired some industrious men, which are most pliable for the fishing voyage, agreed withal in time to fail in such shipping, and with such men some others may go to be as Servants in the voyage, which may be Tradesmen, and their wives; who will labour fitly in the fishing, whiles it lasteth, and afterwards continue there to plant.  
It is to be understood, that a Ship which usually carrieth there in an ordinary fishing voyage 30. men and boys, and returns yearly with them, should not, that is thus employed, carry above 34. men, women and some Youths of 13. or 14. years of age, whose victual and wages, for more than three quarters of the year, will be even defrayed upon the ordinary charge of the fishing voyage; for any such Ship may well be sailed thither, and home again, with less than twenty men; So that those other fourteen may be accounted unprofitable passengers to be carried, and so recarryed from thence as usually is done.  
And therefore it is requisite, that such as shall remain there to inhabit, should be agreed withal in time, whereby to prepare themselves for that purpose, and not to seek after such in haste, for than should you not only have those which are not so fit as I do wish, for that purpose; but also they will be much more dearer (as I have often proved what they will be) if they be taken when they proffer their service.  
And he that is either a fit house-Carpenter, Mason, Smith, Brick-maker, Lime-burner, Turner, Tyler, Husbandman, Gardener, or what trade soever, and will carry his wife with him, should be so agreed withal at first; so that notwithstanding their trades, they should help to fish, and labour diligently about the same, when time serves for all building of houses, which is a thing will fitly be done at all times, very commodiously, with little labour and less charge, when the fish faileth.  
And if any Adventurer will send thither a kinsman, friend, or servant, to be employed in the said Plantation, which will take pains, he may have a fit hire allowed him by the year, as the Treasurer, and one, or more of the Adventurers may think fit: And any such so employed, may see such lands and woods allotted out for his said Master or friend, and yearly certify him from thence what fit proceedings there are in the said Plantation.  
And also any that shall serve their 5. years industriously, may not only be well paid, as he shall be agreed withal, but you will then also give him 100 acres of land and woods in the South part of that Country in fee for ever to him, his heirs and assigns, if he will continue there to live, or any other man for him; which is to be holden of your Honour, paying at the sealing of his Deed, 8. shillings, and ever after but a penny rend by the year for the said hundred acres: which will be a good encouragement to such as will go there to live; and be also a fit means to people the Country, with such as may be well spared from all his Majesty's Kingdoms. And thus in time they may find out diverse good commodities there, which as yet lie undiscovered, whereof there is great hope in some special thing, which I omit to write of.  
By this it may be partly understood, what great hope of good there may come unto his Majesty, and all his Majesty's Kingdoms, by settling people to inhabit there, seeing it is a Country already so well approved, to be so healthy and warm in winter as England, and yields yearly, as the trade is now in fishing only above 150000. li. into this Kingdom, besides the great maintenance and increase of shipping, and Mariners; and the relieving of many families, the which trade only may well, in little time, be worth double so much yearly to his Majesty's subjects, then now it is, besides the great hope of gain which is there to be gotten otherways.  
In the year of our Lord God 1615. being there with a Commission directed unto me out of his Majesty's high Court of Admiralty, for the reformation of abuses, and settling of fit orders amongst such as yearly trade to that Country, wherein I did spend much time, and was at great charge; and then sailing from harbour to harbour; I found the masters of English Ships then there, willing to have such abuses reform, and thereunto above 170. of them being impanelled in several inquests for that service, they did deliver unto me their several presentments under their hands & seals, to the use of the King's Majesty; which were the first juries that ever were impanelled there, to the use of any Christian Prince; In which presentments are contained diverse orders, which upon my return from thence, I did present into the high Court of Admiralty; in which service I took notice there was on that Coast above 250. sail of Ships great and small of our Nation, with above 6000. Subjects in them.  
Now if it may please his Majesty, and that but 200. of such Ships which yearly sail thither a Fishing, will leave there in the end of the year, when their voyages are made, but four persons from every of them, there to inhabit with fit provision for them, until the next Summer that the said Owners Ships repair thither again, and take the benefit of their labour in that time: then after that proportion there will be above 800. persons fitly and cheaply left there, and maintained the first year: and so every year some people so left, both men and women, will not only be a great ease to this Kingdom, but also save a great charge in carrying thither, and in returning yearly from thence so many persons, and they will be also worth unto such Adventurers, as will so leave them there, in diverse labours, whiles the Ships are wanting from thence, a great benefit, and also the greater security unto every such Ship and company, that have people so left in the Country, to provide against their coming; whereby they need not then sail thitherward bound so timely in the year, and in such casual and so desperate a manner, as yearly now they use to do. And if such a beneficial course be taken for peopling of that Land, how may there be a fitter Plantation settled there, or elsewhere, let any man judge; and so fit to be united unto his Majesty's other Kingdoms, without charge, bloodshed, or usurpation. Any man that will thus adventure, shall not only have a great quantity of land there to him & his heirs, with many other privileges, upon fit conditions; but also he shall have the yearly benefit of such a sum as he shall so disburse, for the setting forth of any such shipping, and the labours of such as shall be so employed; so that your Lordship intends not to have the benefit of any such sum, as shall be thus adventured therein by any other man, but only your equal part, of such a great sum as you pretend, by God's assistance, to adventure therein likewise.  
Then who will not be willing to employ a part of his estate, or to go himself, or send a friend to inhabit that Country, though he have but small means; or but only his merit to advance his fortune, there to tread and plant that Land, he shall so purchase by his good endeavours, if he have the taste of virtue and magnanimity? What to such a mind can be more pleasant, then building a foundation for his posterity, so to be gotten without prejudice to any, if he have any zeal in Religion? What can he do less hurtful to any, or more agreeable to God, then to seek to convert the poor Savages (which live in the North part of that Country) to know their Creator and Redeemer? What so truly suits with honour and honesty, as by informing the ignorant, and reforming things unjust, teaching virtue, and gain to our native mother Country, another Kingdom, near as spacious as Ireland to attend her, where there may be found employments for those that now live idly? Which is so far from wronging any, as to cause posterity to remember them, and remembering them, ever to honour that remembrance with praise.  
Then who would live at home idly, that may be there employed, or think himself worthy to live, only to eat, drink, and sleep, and so die; having consumed that carelessly, his friends got worthily, or by using that talon miserably, which may thus maintain virtue honestly?  
Now my hope is, that gain will make some to affect that, which Religion, charity, and the common good cannot: I having for my own part no other purpose herein, but for the general good of all his Majesty's Subjects, and not any desire to persuade any man to adventure thither, but for honour and profit: neither is my purpose by these persuasions, to draw children from their parents, men from their wives, nor servants from their masters; but only such as with a free consent will go, or may be spared from such Cities and Parishes, that will but apparel some of their fatherless children of fourteen or fifteen years of age; and some such young married people, as have but small means, to set themselves forth; who by their good industry, may live there pleasantly, and grow rich in little time; And if any man, which shall be willing to adventure thither, desire to be further satisfied, they may read my discovery of that Country, & what defect is found in either, they shall find supplied in me to further their good desire therein, that have thus freely thrown myself, with my mite, into the treasury of my Countries good, which I esteem worth much more than Columbus could certainly give the Spaniards at his first enterprise of any such certainties of great wealth, by his designs in the West Indies, as since hath been there found: and although I cannot now at first promise to have such Mines of gold in Newfoundland, yet let us in that Plantation something imitate our near neighbours the Hollanders, whose wealth and strength gotten in few years only by fishing, are good testimonies, whereby they have in little time gotten their wealth & strength; and if the Plantation at Newfoundland, be orderly proceeded on, the trades thither, & at other of his Majesty's Western Plantations, would questionless in time afford yearly a greater quantity of gold and silver into all his Majesty's Kingdoms, than all the Mines of the West Indies do now yearly yield to the King of Spain, and with less hazard, & more certainty & felicity. And thus I descend to the charge of victualling forth a Ship of 100 Tun, with 40. persons, to be employed for the more orderly proceeding in the said Plantation.  

THE CHARGE AS FOLLOWETH.   li. s. d. IN primis, eleven thousand weight of Biscuit bread, bought at XV. shillings the hundred weight 082 10 0 Twenty six Tun of Beer and Cider, at 53. shillings 4. pence the Tun 069 07 0 Two Hogsheads of very good English Beef 010 00 0 Two Hogsheads of Irish Beef 005 00 0 Ten fat Hogs salted, Cask and Salt 010 10 0 Thirty bushels of Pease, at 006 00 0 Two Firkins of Butter 003 00 0 Two hundred weight of Cheese 002 10 0 One bushel of Mustardseed 000 06 0 One Hogshead of Vinegar 001 05 0 Wood to dress meat withal 001 00 0 One great Copper kettle 002 00 0 Two small Kettles 002 00 0 Two Frying pans 000 03 4 Platters, Ladles, and Cans for Beer 001 00 0 A pair of Bellowes for the Cook 000 02 0 Locks for the bread Rooms 000 02 6 Tap, Boriers, and Funnels 000 02 0 One hundred weight of Candles 002 10 0 One hundred and thirty quarter of Salt, at 2. s. the bushel, 15. gallons to the bushel, is 16. shillings the quarter 104 00 0 Mats and dynnage to lie under the salt in the Ship 002 10 0 Salt shovels 000 10 0 More in provisions for the foresaid 40. persons, to keep 8. fishing boats at Sea, with three men in every boat, is, 24. men, for which eight Pinnaces, it is fit to carry 500 foot of Elm boards, of an inch in thickness, at 8. s. the hundred 002 00 0 Two thousand nails for the said boats and Stages, at 13. s. 4. d. the thousand 001 06 8 Four thousand nails, at 6. s. 8. d. the thousand 001 06 8 Two thousand nails, at 5. d. the hundred 000 08 0 Five hundred weight of Pitch, at 8. s. the hundred 002 00 0 A barrel of Tar 000 10 0 Two hundred weight of black Ocome. 001 00 0 Thrums for Pitch mab's 000 01 6 Bolles, Buckets, and Funnels 001 00 0 Two brazen Crocks 002 00 0 Canvas to make boat sails, & small ropes fitting for them; at 25. s. for each sail 012 10 0 Ten Boats, Anchors, Ropes, which contain 600. weight, at 30. s the hundred 010 00 0 Twelve dozen of fishing lines 006 00 0 Twenty four dozen of fishing hooks 002 00 0 Squid hooks and stems for them 000 02 0 For Squid line 000 03 0 For Pots and liver Mands 000 18 0 Iron works for ten fishing Boats Ruthers 002 00 0 Ten keipnet Irons 000 10 0 Twine to make keipnets', and gainge hooks 000 06 0 Ten good Nets, at 26. s. a Net 013 00 0 Two Saines, a greater and a less 012 00 0 Two hundred weight of Sow Led 001 00 0 Two couple of small Ropes for the Saines 001 00 0 Dry Fats 000 06 0 Flaskets, and bread boxes 000 15 0 Twine for store 000 05 0 For so much haircloth as may cost 010 00 0 Three Tun of Vinegar Cask, for fresh water 001 06 8 Two barrels of Oatmeal 001 06 0 One dozen of Deale boards 000 10 0 One hundred weight of Spikes 002 05 0 Headding and splitting Knives 001 05 0 Two good Axes, four hand Hatchets, four short Wood hooks, two drawing Irons, and two Adizes 000 16 0 Three yards of good woollen Cloth 000 10 0 Eight yards of good Canvas 000 10 0 A grinding stone or two 000 06 0 An Iron pitch pot and hooks 000 06 0 One thousand five hundred of dry fish, to spend thitherward 006 00 0 One Hogshead of Aqua vitae 004 00 0 Two thousand of good Orlop nails 002 05 0 Four arm Saws, four hand Saws, four thwart Saws, three Augers, two Crows of Iron, & two Sledges, four Iron Shovels, two Pickaxes, Four Mattocks, and four Cloe hammers 005 00 0 More for some other small necessaries 003  4 The total sum of which particulars is, 420 1 4  
ALICE these former provisions, the Master of the Ship, or the Purser are to be accountable unto your Honour and the other Adventurers in every voyage, what is spent thereof, and what is left of the same, with those which shall continue there to plant; of which number, if but ten persons remain there, they may well have reserved for them of the former victuals & provisions, these particulars following, viz.  
Five hundred weight of the Biscuit bread, five hogsheads of beer, or cider, half a hogshead of beef, four whole sides of dry bacon, four bushels of pease, half a firkin of butter, half a hundred weight of cheeses, a peck of mustardseed, a barrel of vinegar, twelve pound weight of candles, two pecks of oatmeal, half a hogshead of aqua vitae, two copper kettles, one brass crock, one frying pan, a grinding stone, and all the axes, hatchets, wood-hookes, augers, saws, crows of iron, sledges, hammers, mattocks, pickaxes, shoovels, drawing irons, splitting knives, haircloth, pinnaces sails, pinnaces anchor ropes, a sayne, some nets; and keep all the eight fishing boats, and the iron works appertaining to them, in perfect readiness there, from year to year; and many of the other small necessaries, when the fishing voyage is made, as pikes, nails, and such like, which may serve to help build houses, cleanse land, and such like services fitly for the Inhabitants to labour withal in the winter time, whiles the Ships are wanting from them.  
Now to make an estimate what fish all the 40. persons fit for such a voyage, may well take, and keep eight fishing boats all the Summer time there at Sea, with three good Fishermen in every of the said boats; and so many men do usually kill above twenty five thousand fish for every boat, which may amount unto two hundred thousand, six score fishes to every hundred: and diverse Ships being so well provided, have yearly taken there above thirty five thousand, for every boat: so as they not only load their Ship, but also sell great quantities, besides their loadings yearly to Merchants; and if such Ships which are so well manned for that purpose, cannot make sale of such fish as they take over and above their loading; then they give over taking of any more in diverse years, when there is great abundance easily to be taken, because there are no fit houses to lay up the same in safety for another year.  
Now to make an estimation but of twenty five thousand of fish, for every of the eight boats, it will amount unto two hundred thousand; which may be a fit quantity to fill and load a Ship of an hundred Tun burden, if the fish be not very small; if it be large, a Ship of that burden will not load so much, besides the water, wood; victual, and other provisions, fit for so many men as shall sail in the said Ship from thence, to make sale and employments of the said fish, which, as I conceive, will be a fit course so to do, and thereby great charge, and some adventure will be saved in carrying the same directly to a market, in regard what it would be, if it should be returned home into England, and then afterwards relade the same again and send it to a market.  
Wherein my opinion is, that the said Ship, having her voyage at Newfoundland, should sail from thence directly to Marseiles or Talloon, which places lying within the Straits of Gibraltar in the French Kings dominions, where the customs upon Fish are but little, and the Quintal less than ninety English pounds weight; and the price of such Fish there I have not known, to be sold for less at any time, then twelve shillings of currant English payment for every Quintal, and commonly a far greater price; and there speedy sales are usually made of such Fish, and good returns had: and if any man will return his money from thence, he may have sure bills of exchange, for payment thereof here in London, upon sight of any such bills.  
The foresaid two hundred thousand of Fish, loading the said Ship, it will then make at Marseiles above two and twenty hundred Kentalls of that weight; which being sold but at twelve shillings the Quintal, amounts to thirteen hundred and twenty pound sterling, and is— 1320. pounds.  
A Ship of that burden to serve the voyage, being hired by the month, when she is there unloaded, may be then there paid for her hire, and so discharged; or being hired for a longer time, may return from thence unto some other place in Spain, to be reloaded home with some Merchandise, which may be well performed, & the said Ship return in fit time to sail again unto Newfoundland the year following, with less charge than the first year; and then greater hope of benefit it will be to the Adventurers than the first year, when people are there beforehand, and all things in fit readiness against their coming.  
There may well be of the foresaid two hundred thousand of Fish, twelve Tun of train Oil, or a greater quantity, the which being sold and delivered in Newfoundland at ten pounds the Tun, as commonly it is the price there, it will amount to the sum of six score pounds, and is— 120. pounds.  
And also there may be well made over and above the foresaid quantity of two hundred thousand dry fish, ten thousand of large green fish; which being sold in Newfoundland, but at five pounds the thousand, it will amount to the sum of fifty pounds; I say, 050. l. which green fish being brought into England, it may yield above ten pounds the thousand; and the twelve Tun of train Oil, being likewise brought home, is usually sold at some places in this Kingdom, for above eighteen pounds the Tun, and sometimes at twenty; which overprices of the said Oil and green fish, I do here omit to sum the same, what it may be more.  
Now if the foresaid two hundred thousand of Fish may be sold at Marseiles, at sixteen shillings the Quintal, as often such Fish is, and much dearer; the two thousand two hundred Kentals, will then amount to the sum of seventeen hundred and threescore pounds.— 1760. pounds.  
And it is very likely that the foresaid eight fishing boats being well manned, and stay continually fishing in the Country, until the 15. day of October, as they may well, they may then take above thirty five thousand of Fish for every boat, as diverse years many men have done: which will then amount to fourscore thousand more than the former two hundred thousand.  
The which fourscore thousand so gotten over and above the Ships loading, may be otherwise disposed of at Newfoundland; be it more or less, it may yield there four pounds the thousand, allowing to that price all the train Oil and green Fish which may come thereof: so that there may be well gotten over and above the Ships loading, fourscore thousand of Fish, and much more; the which at four pounds the thousand, will amount to the sum of-0320. li.-s.-d.  
Adding thereunto the former sum of-1320. 0.-0.-0.  
And also for the aforesaid Oil.—- 0120. 0.-0.-0.  
And also for the 10000 green Fish. 0050.-0.-0-0.  
And also for the overprice at Marseiles, being sold at sixteen shillings the Quintal, it will be some— 0440. 0.-0.-0.  
Totall Sum— 2250. 0.-0.-0.  
OF which sum, be it more or less, whatsoever is gotten in the voyage; if victuals, Salt, and the other former provisions, be provided at reasonable cheap prices: Then the Master and Company have a third part thereof, allowing some small matter from the same, towards the victualling; and there is another third part likewise to be allowed, towards the Ships travel and charge, deducting something likewise thereof towards the Master of the Ship, for taking the charge, and for some other of the better sort of men, which they usually have over and above their shares of the former third: and the other third remains unto the Victuallers forth of the Ship.  
So that the voyage amounting as aforesaid, to the sum of two thousand, two hundred & fifty pounds: A third will be the sum of seven hundred and fifty pounds for the victualling part; from which deducting the former charge of 420. li.— 01. s.— 04.d. which is to be for the victualling forth of a Ship with forty persons; there may remain to the Adventurers for the bearing the Adventure, and all Charges discharged, the sum of— 331. li.— 11. s. And in some years, when salt, bread and beer is dear bought; the victualling part is allowed the one moiety or half part of what is gotten in the voyage, and the Company and Ship the other half part.  
Now omitting to write of any greater price, which may be gotten upon the sales of the two hundred thousand of Fish at Marseiles, or the benefit which may be made upon the returns of the money for the same from thence, or what may be gotten by the employments of the foresaid sum, at the place where the sales are made:  
Likewise what may be more gotten upon the train Oil and green Fish, if it be not sold in Newfoundland, but brought home, and sold here at the best hand:  
And if a Ship be hired by the month to perform this voyage, which may be ended in less than nine months, the Ship to be free at Marseiles, when the Fish is unloaden there; and being hired at forty pound a month or much cheaper; it may then be esteemed what may be gotten by hiring of a Ship in that manner, if the Fish and train Oil amount unto the prices, as it is valued: if it yield more, than the greater benefit will come by hiring of a Ship; if less, after the rate accordingly.  
And if Pans be provided for the making of Salt in the Newfoundland, as fitly and cheaply it may be, then will the charge in setting forth of any Ship by the Adventurers, be much less, and the benefit much the greater.  
Now whereas there are but twenty four men of the forty nominated to fish; the other are to labour the Fish at land, (of which sixteen) seven are to be skilful headders, and splitters of fish; two boys to lay the fish on a table, and three to salt the fish, which labour, three women may fitly do; three men may fetch aland salt, and tend to wash fish, and dry the same; which may be two house Carpenters and a Mason, the other may be a woman, which makes up sixteen to be aland, who may be fit to provide meat, and to wash, and dry fish so well as men, and other labours also.  
And those persons which remain there, should be hired by the year, whose yearly wages will not be above 8. or 9 pounds a couple one with the other, and apparel themselves; which apparel the adventurers are to provide; and those which are thus hired, to allow for the same again out of their yearly wages. The which yearly wages, for every couple of those which should continue there, will be borne yearly on that part of the fish and oil, which may come to the Companies part, as aforesaid, if the business be orderly carried; So that the victuals of those persons which should remain there to plant, from the 20. day of March, unto the 20. day of November; and their whole years pay should every year be, as it were charged and raised out of the Companies third part, from year to year; Neither should the adventurers be any other way charged for them, but only for some fit quantity of Meal, Malt, Beef, Pork, Butter, Cheese, Aqua vitae, and some other fit things to serve them in winter, until the Ships return to them again, in the beginning of every Summer; and then they are to be again as of the Ships company.  
In which time of winter, their labours upon the land, in building of houses, sawing of boards, squaring of timber, manuring of land, and doing other services, may well defray the said charge, with good benefit over and above the same.  
And then the second year, every of those persons, which so shall remain there, may have their equal shares with the Fishermen, which may well pay their wages and charge that the Adventurers should be at for them.  
This is the order and course, which I have long time had an opinion, that an orderly and beneficial Plantation in the Newfoundland, is to be at first proceeded on, and not by carriage of beasts thither to till the land, before such time as provisions be made for them to live in winter, which will require some time to fit Meadows at first for hay, and fit houses for them.  
A Ship of a hundred Tun burden, being thus employed, may also well carry in her the first year for increase, Hogs, Goats, and Poultry, which will not be chargeable, nor pester much room in the Ship, and they will prove and increase exceeding well there, as I have often proved, and be at very little or no charge in keeping of them there; And after the first year, the said Ship sailing thither with a less number of people, provision being made there in readiness, she may carry in her great store of Beasts and provision for them.  
And for the better proceeding in this Plantation, it will be good for the Adventurers to hire two small Barks, near the burden of 30. Tun apiece by the month, to be victualled and manned by them, which should serve as in a fishing voyage, with ten persons in each Bark, and they should have in every of them, all provisions fit to keep two Fisher boats at Sea, either of them all the summer, and then those Barks may also well carry some beasts for increase; and they should depart hence before the Ship of a hundred Tun burden, for some special services, and then the Ship of a hundred Tun, with 40. persons, need not depart out of England, before towards the end of March, which Barks being there timely in the year, may be in many respects worth much more, for the good of the fishing voyage, and the said Plantation, than their hire by the month will amount unto, as for many reasons which I can deliver.  
And then taking that course, there may be some sales made beforehand of a hundred thousand of fish or a greater quantity to some Merchants, to be delivered in Newfoundland, and to receive money for the same here in London, upon Bills of Exchange; All which, by God's assistance, may be well performed, and the bigger Ship also, well laden, to sail from thence to some good market, to make sales of the same.  
And then one of those Barks may load all such train oil as may be gotten in the voyage, and return with the same, where it may be thought best to make sale thereof; And the other Bark may then load all such green fish as may be made, and return home to England or elsewhere to dispose thereof.  
Thus it may be all well performed, and store of fish left for the provision of those which are to stay in the Country to inhabit: and also for the hogs and waterfowl to feed on in winter when there is cause.  
Now whether it may be best to buy a Ship of 100 Tun burden, or bigger, to serve for the said voyage, or to hire such a one by the month, for that purpose; I leave it to the consideration of your Lordship, and the other Adventurers.  
THus I have showed in what a temperate climate your several circuits of land do lie in that Country, as also how the bounds thereof extend; and also partly what good Harbours, Bays, and Roads for shipping to ride safe at Anchor, are within the same; as also such conditions as you will be pleased to grant unto any that will be an Adventurer with you therein; and also partly the great hope, both of honour and profit to all those that shall be willing to be Adventurers with you, to further the same.  
Whereby it may be well understood, that by an orderly settling of the said Plantation, it will be for the general good of all his Majesty's Subjects, and not hurtful to any; And it will be also a most special benefit, and good for all those which yearly trade there in fishing, what now it is, though they settle no people there to plant, whereby to keep and maintain their certain places, there to salt and dry their fish on: by reason that those which shall inhabit there, will upon request, and some small gratuity, preserve their fishing Boats yearly from spoiling, so as they may have them and their Stages, and all commodious and necessary rooms in such perfect readiness, yearly against their coming thither, which may undoubtedly be worth unto them in their fishing voyages, many thousands of pounds more yearly than now it is, as it cannot be denied by any that knows the manner and order of these Newfoundland voyages.  
Now having thus plainly expressed with what facility this Plantation may be orderly proceeded on; I will also make known my opinion and certain knowledge, how some such Adventurers to that Country, of his Majesty's subjects may yearly make much greater benefit of trade, in returning from thence, than any man that I have ever heard of, or known, which hath as yet put in practice, leaving it to those that will make trial thereof.  
IT is well known, that from the foresaid harbour of Renowze, unto a place called the Bank, which lieth East from thence towards England, near 25. leagues in the like altitude as the said harbour of Renowze is, which Bank is a sand, in most places near twelve leagues broad; and in length Northeast, and South-west, above 100 leagues; on which Bank, there is no less than 20. fathom of water at any place: & there fish above 100 sail of French Ships, Winter and Summer, some of them making two voyages there in a year, and another voyage to some other place also in the same year.  
I have often (sailing towards the Newfoundland) met with some French Ships, coming from thence, deep laden with fish, in the first of April, who have taken the same there, in january, February, and March, which are the sharpest months in the year for storms and cruel weather.  
To which Bank our Nation may do great good in fishing, such as will sail from the Newfoundland in the later part of the Summer, when the fish begins to draw from that coast, as commonly it doth when the Winter comes on; I mean, such shipping as are to be employed by whomsoever may undertake to plant there, and likewise any other Ships that sail thither a fishing, as now they use to do, who having disposed away such fish and train oil as they take there in the Summer time unto Merchants, as usually every year some have done, they may then (salt being made there) as it may be fitly and cheaply, take in thereof a fit quantity, and freshwater, wood, fresh fowls great store, and other victual, and likewise a sufficient quantity of Herrings, Mackerel, Capeling, and Lawnce, to bait their hooks withal for taking of fish; because such bait the Frenchmen are not able to have, that sail purposely to fish at the said Bank, but are constrained to bait their hooks with a part of the same Codfish they take there, wherewith they load their Ships.  
The which fish so taken there, are larger, thicker, and sweeter, than the same kind of fishes that are taken on the coast of Newfoundland. Whereby it may be well understood to be more necessary, for such as will sail there to fish, to carry such kind of bait as aforesaid, with them, and then they shall more speedily load their Ships then the Frenchmen do, who have there no such bait to take fish withal, neither any other fresh victual of flesh kind, wood, or fresh water to dress their meat withal, but only such as they carry with them from France.  
Whereby it may be well conceived, that the fishing which the Frenchmen have there, is a very profitable trade; seeing they not only sail thither in the hardest time of Winter, which is above 650. leagues distance from the nearest part of France; and in all which time to live upon the Sea in a cold place, with but little wood, wherewith to make sometimes a good fire to dress their meat, and to sit by to warm themselves.  
All which hardness of living so on the said Bank, the gain which they make by the said fishing trade, doth make them delight therein: whereby it may be well understood, to be a far better trade for our Nation: such as fish the Summer time at Newfoundland, and do provide for that purpose, they may there reload their Ships again with good fish, in twenty days, coming thither, so well provided as aforesaid: and so they may then at times sit by a good fire, when they have laboured hard all day; whereby they will be the better able to take more fish in a day, than so many Frenchmen shall be able to take in two.  
And thus may any perform the said voyage homeward bound in fit order, & be at no charge about trimming of any Ship, which shall serve in such a voyage, but only as is used every year for the Newfoundland voyage only, and with a small addition of bread and beer to be allowed more thereunto.  
Neither need the Masters and Sailors of any Ships that will undertake the said voyage, prepare themselves with any other apparel or necessary provisions, than they yearly use to do for the Newfoundland voyage only.  
Which voyage, I am of opinion, diverse men will gladly undertake, when those Plantations, now lately intended, are orderly settled; which is likely to prove very profitable, for any that will prepare themselves for that purpose, seeing it will be unto such, as a double voyage, and all under one charge.  
And whosoever will so employ Ships, they may sail with their loading so gotten there, unto France, Portugal, or Spain, where that kind of fish doth usually sell at a great price; and return loaden from thence (by God's assistance) yearly against Christmas, with some Salt, Oil, Wine, Fruit, and some royals of Plate; and so make four voyages in three quarters of a year, and all under one setting forth.  
And then such may afterwards spend the time at their homes, until it be towards April in every year, which is timely enough to set forth again in the said voyages.  
And if any Ship so employed, do return from thence directly home to England, that kind of fish will sell so well here, and is so good as any powdered Cod which is taken in the North Seas, or upon the coast of England or Ireland.  
Thus briefly and plainly, but not curiously, I have run thorough my intended task of my second motives and reasons, which leads to the advancement of his Majesty's most hopeful Plantation in the Newfoundland; not that my resolution is any way to insinuate with the capacity, either of the highest, or meaner sort of people, thereby to invite them to the setting forth of this great and happy enterprise, further than the solidity of the truth, and well grounded probabilities, shall direct and lead them; but rather to inform their judgements of the natural state, condition, benefits, and trade to that Country, which promiseth so many hopes; and these hopes so much assurance of a most flourishing and successful issue, that indeed, to use but few words for all, we need only desire to know the Newfoundland, and to love it as we should.  
But as the smallest terrestrial action cannot possibly prosper, without God's divine assistance, to perfect and finish it: so this great work, so pious and noble of itself, as tending to the propagation of so many Christian souls to God, will (by his eternal providence and great mercy) be both furthered and blessed in the attempt, preservation, and establishing thereof.  
As for myself, who out of mine own experience, and the integrity of my thoughts, am confident, that the end will crown the beginning of this most hopeful Plantation, I shall ever, like a true hearted Englishman, and his Majesty's humble and faithful Subject, religiously desire, and wish to see it in a fair forwardness and good proceeding: howsoever, as virtue is subject and incident to be crossed, and maligned by the followers of vice; and that we sometimes see many excellent and noble projects strangled or made abortive in their births: Even so this great work may (perhaps) be either blasted by nipping whirlwinds at home, or decay and die, through some fatal and disastrous misfortune, in the miscarrying or unskilfulness of such as may seek, and be employed in the managing and conduction thereof, as many worthy attempts have been, by taking unfit agents and proceedings.  
And if it should so happen (which God defend) either in your Lordship's good purpose therein, or the right Honourable Master Secretary Caluerts: who having already (partly by my information) sent some people there to plant; and that shortly ye both intent to send greater numbers thither to your several Colonies:  
That then, for the better proceeding in both your good resolutions, it cannot be gainsaid but that it may do well, that those people which are to be sent thither at first, are to be directed by such as well understand how to employ every several person there at all times; not only in the fishing trade, when the times serve; which (indeed) is the only instrument and sinew that is best like at first to give comfort, and hold life unto this so pious work: For even as it is a special good rule, and most fit, in time of Harvest, to be industrious and careful to reap and gather the sheaves into some places of safety: So is it also requisite, that a provident course be taken with all those which are to be employed to that Country, that they should be either skilful in such things as shall be fitting, when time serves, or directed by those which are well experienced therein; Because that in the Summer time, when those great Shoales of the Codfish draw to that coast to spawn, and take his fill on multitudes of smaller fishes, which they follow there close to the cliffs and sands; commonly thirty days together, before they hale off from the shore again, and in such manner, there come three several Shoales of the Cod-fish in the Summer time: The one of them follows on the Herrings: the other follows the Capling, which is a fish like the Smelled: And the third follows the Squid, which is a fish something like the Cuddell.  
Now at those times there usually go many Boats forth a fishing from that coast, only with three men in each Boat; And those three being fit Fishermen, will daily take at those times above 1200. of those Cod-fish, six score to the hundred, and every of those fishes with the Oil which comes of them, being valued but at a penny for every such fish, which is a cheap rate, it will amount to be worth six pound starling, being split, salted, and dried, as the same aught to be; wherein there is good industry, experience, and much judgement to be used; otherwise there is but little hope that such fish can be taken and fitly preserved, whereby to defray the charge, and bring profit withal to both your Honours, and all other Adventurers with you, as I much desire that ye and they all may have.  
By this it may be well understood, it is good angling with the hook and line there, when a single man may take in that employment above forty shillings worth of fish a day: for I have often seen there, that those who are most industrious in taking and well handling of such fish, have certainly been most willing, fittest and readiest to build, and do any other service there, at such times whilst the fish fails; when some others that are unskilful in the one, will stand and talk with their hands in their Gloves or Pockets, and do but little to any purpose in the other; like those that come on the Stage to act their part in a Comedy, but perform it not sufficiently: so that they are not only scoffed and hist at; but also those which are at the charge, and chief Actors thereof, receive some disgrace and wrong thereby: for I have often known there some proper men, which have not been well acquainted with those affairs; yet have had some other good parts in them, and would speak well when they have come from thence, yet never performed any thing there worthy of great commendations.  
THus I have endeavoured with much travail, great expense, and loss of time, to make it plainly appear, that it will be pleasing, honourable, and beneficial unto all those that shall be willing to advance the said Plantation; which, praised be God, is now partly by my several relations, come unto a fair forwardness.  
And although I have but little hope to receive any benefit by the said Plantation to myself; or for my endeavours, great expense, and loss of time herein: yet by God's blessed assistance, I shall, among many other great losses and discontents which I have had, as it is well known, bear this one content to my grave, that I have ever been a true loving Subject to my Prince and Country; and in the solicitation by these my two several Treatises, and otherwise, I have dealt truly with his Majesty, carefully and uprightly with either of your Honours, and sincerely with all those which shall be willing to assist either of your good purposes therein.  
Now if any which shall not be willing, or is not able to perform a part, for the perfecting of this great and most hopeful work, should dislike that I have thus laid open a gap into those grounds, which some do seem to challenge, and appropriate, as it were unto themselves, and so would not have all others of his Majesty's Subjects made acquainted with the trade and benefit, which is there like to be obtained:  
Such (as I conceive) may be compared to be something like unto Esop's dog, which could eat no Hay, neither would he suffer the hungry Ass to feed thereon.  
Yet my hope is, that such may well understand by what I have written, that my true desire is, to show unto any of them, that by the said Plantation and trading to that Country, being so well followed, as it may orderly be, that all his Majesty's Kingdoms, which now are beholding unto other Countries for some necessary commodities, might not only be furnished with the like from thence, but also in taking of such fish, as those Seas do yield at an easier rate than now we use to have them: whereby we may serve France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and other places, much cheaper with that sort of fish, than any of these other nations shall be able to fetch the same from thence, and thereby have and retain all the trade of that Country, unto his Majesty's Subjects hands only.  
For whereas there sail yearly to that Country above 250. sail of Ships from England only, with above 5000. English men in them; by whose labours, there is yearly gotten into this Kingdom, above the sum of 150000. li. and also thereby many families set on work and relieved: than it may be well understood, what a great benefit and strength it will be, when there shall fail thither 500 sail of Ships, & above 10000 serviceable Subjects in them, which will be able to gain, with the help of such numbers of other men, women, and children, as may yearly be so commodiously carried thither few years, when the Subjects are made acquainted with such an orderly course, as both your Honours have already taken for the advancement of the said Plantation.  
Whereby there may be thus yearly gotten, not only much wealth, but also great strength against such time, as any other Prince should break league with his Majesty, that then to have in such readiness 500 sail of his Subject's Ships, so ready to come from thence, with more than 10000 serviceable Seamen in them, in less time than 15. days warning, if the wind serve, which is so short a time, as Sailors may be pressed in some part of this Kingdom, and be able to come from thence unto his Majesty's Navy Royal at Chattam, upon any occasion of service.  
The like strength by Sea, there is not any other Prince in the world able to call home unto him in so short a time of his own subjects, from any one place of trading, if he have never so great occasion.  
Thus, God blessing the said Trade and Plantation, it will be, not only a great augmentation to his Majesty in his revenues and customs, but also a general good unto all his Highness' Kingdoms and Subjects, both in enriching of adventurers in particular, and also in strengthening the wall of defence, which God hath set about our native nest, Great Britain, namely, Navigation, which must needs be much cherished and furnished by this Seminary of Fishers, employed in such Colonies, and out of that shoal, will be always in readiness & of ability to be translated higher, from fishing vessels, into fight Ships Royal; and so are always useful for peace or war, merchandise or defence, as the occasions of our estate and welfare shall require.  
And so I leave the success thereof to the good pleasure of God: to whom be all the glory. RICH. WHITBOURNE.