WOODALLS VIATICUM: The pathway to the Surgeons Chest CONTAINING CHIRURGICALL INSTRUCTIONS For the younger sort of Surgeons now employed in the service of His MAJESTY for the intended relief of ROCHEL. And Composed by john Woodall, one of the present Masters or Governors of the Company of Barber Surgeons LONDON. Intended chief for the better Curing of Wounds made by Gunshott. Published by Authority: Omnia Terrenae per vices sunt Alienae. August 11. 1628. Imprinted at London. 1628. ¶ THE PREFACE. LOving Brethren, for as much as these times do rather menace War then Peace, men of our calling should be ready ad omne quare, for our King and Country. We and our Country have been long happy in peace, and now it seems the times presage the contrary. Wherefore from the wise heathen Philosopher, let us all learn as followeth, jam tua res agitur pare cum proximus ardet. I desire in brief, to let you know, that our Company were commanded by Authority, to provide sixteen of the best Surgeons at this time to be had for his Majesty's special service, such as are men most expert in the healing of wounds made with Gunshott. And generally, for the most part, I know many of us that would be esteemed good Surgeons, being put to it, at the first will be somewhat to seek therein, how much more than our young men. Wherefore the matter of providing, preparing, and fitting his Majesty's service, being by his Highness referred to our Corporation. And our Company having for the time deputed myself to the work. I am tied in conscience to do somewhat, though I confess, it be little to the better enabling and encouraging our younger men unto their duties in that point. But before my entrance thereunto, I could in my duty do no less then to acquaint you with those especial favours which it hath pleased our gracious King to bestow upon our Corporation in particular, above and beyond his ever-blessed Ancestors, for our encouragement, to enable us the more cheerfully to serve him First, his Highness hath been pleased to augment the monthly wages of each Surgeon and Surgions-mate in his Sea-service, almost to a third penny. He hath also been graciously pleased to give as free a benevolence to the Surgeons in all his Sea-services, which never was given them before, as followeth, viz. to all Surgeons that serve in his Highness own Ships, I mean towards the furnishing of the Surgeon's Chests, for each of them xl. Unto each Merchant's Ship, employed in his service vl. And to each Newcastle Ship iijl. And nevertheless, his Highness is well pleased that the Surgeons may demand and take by the head of all men that are in pay in any of his Ships ijd. of each man by the month, as they did before. And for the Surgeons in his Land-service at present, he alloweth each Surgeon ijs. vjd. the day, which is iijl. xvs. the month, and to each mate iijl. a month: And moreover, provideth, and giveth to each Surgeon appointed to 250. men a Surgeon's Chest of xvijl. value, and over and above a Magazine or store-chest of xlviijl. value, for to supply and furnish upon all wants. His Highness hath further been well pleased to give authority unto the Masters and Governors of our Society, for to have the making, compounding, fitting, and ordering of all the Medicines, as well Physicals chirurgical; together with all other provisions belonging to the Surgeon's Chest, he hath referred to the Masters and Governors of our Society. These favours and privileges our Corporation have received from his Highness, together with his gracious favour and grant unto us of a new Charter, wherein he hath likewise graciously been pleased to promise to confirm all our privileges formerly granted unto us, and to give us diverse new privileges for the better subsistence of our Corporation in future times. And now having acquainted you with his Majesty's favours unto our Corporation, it followeth in my duty that I should acquaint the younger sort of Surgeons with the use of the Surgeon's Chest, I mean the particular medicines therein contained, and that in some methodical manner, were it not that time hastens me to an end before I begin, yet nevertheless I have strained of time to lend the younger sort a word or two for a Viaticum, not to all as a teacher, but as a loving Remembrancer to the elder, which I pray you to peruse, and use as you have occasion. And so in God's name without painting of phrases, or collecting of great Authors, my method you may know by the plainness of the style, and my method is no other than the old beaten pathway of all Surgeons, wherein each Artist ought to be understanding: And if any Artist by forgetfulness err, I desire but to inform his memory, and crave his charitable acceptance. And for the younger sort, I know it is charity to show them, for they have need, and aught to desire and seek knowledge, according to an old doctrine of that sweet Lily in his Grammar rules, viz. Qui dubitat, qui sepe rogat mea dicta tenebit. Is qui nil dubitat, nil capit inde boni. I knowing you could not have the learned advice of the grave Doctors at hand to advise you, made me presume I confess somewhat beyond my scope: Wherefore in want of the aforesaid helps, consult with good Authors in their wants, with the Surgeon's mate, and this poor Extempore. Vale. A HELP TO THE SURGEON'S Chest. The first dressing of Wounds made with Gunshott. AFter extraction of unnatural things forced into the wounds with the Bullet, which ought with all circumspection, care and possible ease to the patiented to be effected, for fear of hurting the offended Arteries, Veins, Nerves, etc. As also such fractured bones greater or less, broken by force of the Bullet be taken out. I say of all such of them as may without danger of life and limb be removed. For the first dressing, Draw not fractured bones out at first without Caution. wherein note, that a fractured bone, though wholly divided from the greater fixed part thereof, is not as by a general rule always to be cut or forced out at the first dressing, except it doth apparently endanger a Gangrena, or other fearful accidents, by pricking of Nerves, and the like, but you should do well rather to forbear such bones for the first dressing at the least and furthest, until either nature or other just Tarry if you may until nature help. reasons in the true art of healing offer the work, and to the dressing as followeth. In the more simple sort of Gun-shot wounds, as followeth. I mean in wounds where no Gangrena may be expected, neither Fiux nor Furtive Hemorage may be feared, dress the Patient either with artificial Balm, or Oleum bipericonis Balm in the Chest. cum gummis, & de Aperisi, oleum Cattellorum, or Arceus Linament, or one of these, and apply it warm, and somewhat warmer than the patient would willingly suffer it, and cover the wound with an Emp: of melilot, Stipt: Paracelsi, Minium, or any Emplasters fitting. other according to art, namely, according to the temper of the grief, with convenient bandage, I mean due legature, and so proceed in God's name as in all contused wounds is most convenient to the end of the work, I mean first to supperate and digest, Order in Curing. then to mundify them, then to incarn, and so on to sigillate or siccatrise with due respect, if occasion be, to temper and fit the body by good regiment. Only in Gun-shot wounds almost in all dress the spirit of Wine doth well with some of the aforesaid Spirit of w●●● Balms, until the wound be well mundefied at the least. But in wounds where great danger of Gangrena is Dressing of great wound. to be feared, the Surgeon hath nothing more safe for the first dressing then Vng: Aegiptiaticum, and a little spirit of Wine, somewhat to warm, put in upon soft lint or fine tow, pledgents, or by a Serringe to be carried in at first into the bottom of the wound, which done, with some good astringent defensative medicine and fit bandage, let it be bound up. And if the Surgeon be not forced thereunto, let not the wound be opened again until forty-eight hours be past. Then at the next dressing, if Fluxes hinder not, Second dressing. have ready (if it may be) white Wine and Honey for a fomentation, or fair water and mell for necessity if better cannot be had, and with a little Aqua vitae added if you think fit, and with the Stupes very warm, foment the wounded part a pretty space. Then apply unto the wound if the Flux be stayed one of the forenamed Balms warm, or with the ordinary digestive of Terebinth, Vitallorum, Ovorum, etc. And cover it with an Emp: and embrocate, the part about which Ol: Rosarum, Camom: Anethi: or the like, and bind it up, and after dress the wound but once a day without urgent necessity. But fail not to Time of dressing. dress it once every day and more, if the Surgeon see cause. But I hold it fit, that the Surgeon leave off Ol: hypericon cum gummis, for that it hath Oleum Terebinth therein, and may be too quick: And rathor use Arteus Linament, Oleum Catullorum, or some digestive of your own practice, until perfect digestion. And if accidents chance not, the Surgeon's method may be to proceed as in all contused wounds. Only let the Surgeon make use of pure Aqua vitae, or rather spirit of Wine, as is said, with the Egiptiaticum, where he findeth not a just cause to the contrary. Cautions, Advises, and Instructions for the younger sort of Surgeons in wounds of Gunshott. Conceal from the Patiented the great danger of the wound, except just cause urge to acquaint him with it. Fomentations are very good medicines in wounds Fomentation. with Gunshott, but foment not at any time, except you can have fire at hand, and let ever your fomentation be very warm applied. Foment not too long at any one time, neither use it but upon urgent occasions. Embrocate often if no Gangrena be at hand, whether Embracation. you have fire or not. Let all your Vehickes for your Medicines, as Tents, Dorsells, Plegents, etc. be soft and pleasing to your patient, as much as may be, and cram not the wound too full. If you can come to the work enlarge not, otherwise Enlarging of wounds. do it warily, observing that you do it not to thwart any member, neither any Vein, Artery, Nerve, or Muscle. No wound of Gunshott can be said to be a simple Gunshott wounds ever compound. wound, neither ever was there any Artist that could truly say, that he healed any Gun-shott-wound by the first intention of unition, without due supperation. For the composition of Gun-shott-wounds are ever real, and very substantial, witness the poor patient, where Fibres, Nerves, Membrances, Veins, Arteries, et quid non, suffer together, so that such wounds in their recency resemble Ulcers rather than wounds. And the difference of these from other contused Difference 〈◊〉 contused wounds. wounds, is that other contused wounds for the most part suffer but by way of contusion only, and these by contusion and delaceration, if not fraction of bones, etc. and thereby all the whole member suffereth together, and the parts adjacent in the highest degree. If discolouring, blistering, or other apparent shows Beware a Gangrena of a Gangrena appear, give the patiented a Diaphoretic Cordial, then scarify gently at the first, and deeply afterwards, as cause shall urge, and have ready a Lixivims, made of water and ashes, to the height of an ordinary ley, that Women use to drive Bucks with: And put a reasonable quantity of common Salt into it, and when it is cleared, if you have herbs, as Scordium, Wormwood, Centaney, Hypericon, Camomile, melilot, or the like, or Lupins, make use of them, according to Art, it will be much the better, if not, use it without, & apply it very warm with Stupes often shifted and wrong out: and if that cannot be had, use Salt water rather than want a medicine. Aqua vitae is also precious in all Lixivims against Gangreanes. But you may not boil the Aqua vitae, but put it in when you will use your medicine. You may never in any case boil Aqua vitae without error; For the spirits will evaporate, and the virtue resteth in them. Observe in great lacerated wounds, as followeth, viz. If you find by the wound that the one half of the member be taken away, there is no hope to save on the rest. But you are rather to make present Amputation, for that the rest is contused, and must therefore Just cause of Amputation. admit, by consagument some loss of substance by supperation, and then the remaining part can do no service to the body, but will endanger the life of the patiented, and be a hindrance. Nay, I dare say, if but half of any member be taken away, with the fracture of the bone, it is impossible to save it on to do service. If you have Hemoragie, I mean bleeding or weeping of Veins or Arteries in your work, search for that Vein or that Artery that bleedeth. If you cannot make legature, which seldom or never you can in Gun-shott-wounds, then apply to the end of the Vein an actual Cautery, a small one will serve, but apply it very hit, and not all over the wound, only to that Vein if you can which bleedeth; you may if the Flux be not great, use burning hit Egiptiaoum upon Lint dipped and neatly brought to the place, and then well boulstered, But a small actual Cautery is safer. Or the Surgeon may use strong restrictive Actual Cautery Restrictive powder. powder, adding thereunto burnt Vitriol a little, or burnt Alum, and Precipitate mixed maketh a strong Esker: and often restraineth a great Flux applied thereon. But take heed of an old received error of unwise Observe at old error. Practitioners, whose use is to cram the wound full of Bole, or restringent powder, or some other stuff, and then thrust in Plegeants, or Dorsells, into each corner of the wound, yea sometimes forgetting to take all out, yet thinking they have done all workemenlike, not considering the harm that often ensueth thereby. I dare say, that in contused wounds of Gunshott, they force and draw a Gangrena, if not death thereby, by but thening nature, by obstructing the parts, and grieving the patiented. It is a safe and fair way at the first dressing ever to strive to join together the parts of all incised wounds, and unite the wounded parts, if it may be, with this cuation to order that fit breathing be left to evacuate the peccant humours, then to apply apt and fit astringent medicaments outwardly over all together, with apt and due ligature, and by that course to stay a Flux. But in contused and lacerated wounds of Gunshott, the Surgeon hath unto that benefit, but must trust to other helps not so ready, namely, as is said in the lesser wounds, to very warm Balms, astringent, defensatives, and good ligature, and in greater wounds to caustic Medicaments, Cauteries, and forcible helps. But in the Surgeon his careful desire to restrain A Caveat. Fluxes, let him ever beware of hard binding as much as is possible, which is also a common dangerous error, and certainly draweth on evil accidents, as Flegmon, Gangrena, etc. Also on the other side, overslacke binding is as bade; due, comely, and smooth ligature, with the due composing the parts wounded with soft and smooth boulstering, greatly honoureth the Artist, and cureth the Patient almost as much as the medicine. Observe also, that you put never one caustic or Eskaroticke Medicine after another too son, namely, not until the first Eskar: hath been gone at the least three days. If in a contused wound of Gunshott any slough or putrified part, as of the head, of the Muscle and Artery, or Vein, or the like appear in the wound, which needeth an Eskaroticke Medicine. And the Surgeon do desire to cleanse that part, strive to use your caustic Medicine, namely, your hit Egiptiacum, or a Cautery if you can apply it only on that place, and not all over the wound. For you are to consider, that as too much gleeting, Over-drying Medicines dangerous. weeping, or expense of humidity from wounds of Gunshott is dangerous many ways; so too much use of drying Medicaments in wounds made with Gunshott, is no less dangerous by stopping the pores, repelling the peccant humours by reason of the contusion collected, being choked in the wound, aptly endanger a Gangrena, and all other deadly accidents, incident thereunto. Now a word or two in want of the grave Physician, Advice touching the gen●rall regiment of wounded men. how the young Surgeon may in part demean himself being put to it, for the more happy performance of the cures made with Gun-shot, which are very much regulated, by the government of the Patient touching his Diet; as also in the careful keeping his body Diet. in temper from much costiveness; and also to stay inordinate fluxes, thereby to prevent accidents, as favours, etc. And further also to meet with an help to cure evil accidents when they happen: to the effecting whereof good diet and other fitting helps are to be wished, might attend valiant men which fight for their countries' defence; which failing much with Soldiers, there the Surgeons must take it as they can have it and make use in necessity of what the Surgeon's Chest affordeth: viz. if the Patient before his wound had not a lose body, let the Surgeon give him a Suppository or Glister, & if he seem disposed to a favour Suppository or Glist. though he hath bleed by his wound, yet if his strength be answerable, open a vein on the contrary side of his grief: but purge him not being wounded, without very just cause, rather keep him by gentle means, to have the benefit of nature, either by Glister, or Suppository. If he be distempered with heat, make him a Barleywater: viz. water two gallons, Barley six ounces, Liquirise one ounce, or juice of Liquirise two drams: boil it gently a little, then cast away the first waters, if water be plentiful, else not; and boil it in fresh waters till one third part be spent: and being boiled and clarified to the said decoction, add some few drops of oil of Vitriol, to make it somewhat sour in taste, but not too much, but if to this six grains of Confectio Alkermis, with one spoonful of Rosewater were added, the drink would be much the more grateful in taste, and more prefitable. I conceive it will be needless to urge a course for a sparing diet, for I fear gluttony will not be their sin. But if fullness of body be a hindrance, the Surgeon hath means to evacuate, as for a vomit by Stibium, the A vomit. infusion of six or eight grains, if such be fitting in able bodies by laxatives; as Conf. Hamech. six drams for a dose, Diaphenicon or Diacatholicon the dose to an able body is a full ounce. The pills in the invoyce of this pill. Chest upon their several occasions one dram is a dose of any one sort of them; of Pull. Sanctus may be given two drams, of Pull. Artheticus one dram. If Cordials be required, the Surgeon hath in his Chest to provoke rest in favours, several ones, as more particular; there is Diascordium which he may give to the full of two drams for a dose, to a strong body, either in wine or water as he please, or in a bolus or lump of itself. Also he hath Laudanum, which he may safely give Use of Laudanum. three or four grains to assuage pain in painful wounds, to give rest in favours, to stay fluxes, and in diverse other cases, being used with judgement, and provided that the party which taketh it be not costive: Likewise in fluxes of the belly often accompanied with crude nautiousnesse of the Stomach, as also against venomous or pestelentiall infection of the blood, there is in the Chest Phylonium Persicum, of which the patiented may take from one scruple to half a dram, & to one dram safely in a reasonable body: & this is a safe medicine which causeth rest, and corroborateth the stomach and mightily prevaileth to stay a flux of the belly, and doth also correct venomous and malign humours, and is therefore very fit to be used in fluxes that be contagious or pestelentiall, after some fitting evacuation if occasion so be. What I here write it is of mine own practice, you may take it on my word for truth, for you shall find it to be so, if with due caution you make right use of them. These there cordials suage pain, (viz. Diascordium, Laudanum 〈…〉 and Phylonium) or either cool or contemporate the blood. The Surgeon's Chest containeth also diverse Cordial Of Cor●●●●● generally medicines which may be profitably administered each upon due occasion, viz. Conf. Alkermis either giuen alone or to aromatize any purgative or Cordial medicine from 4. grains to a scrupell for a dose. Aqua Celestis, and Cinnamon water to refresh the spirits, half a spoonful, or one spoonful for a dose and so of spirit of wine, and also Aqua Vitae made of wine, which so much as it containeth of the spirit of wine, is, quasi spiritus vitae. Also the Surgeon's Chest hath against contagion Against Plague 〈…〉 of the Ayr. and the Plague Mithredate, Ther. Londinensis, Diatesseron, Elec. de ovo; as also Diascordium, Conf. Alkermis, and Laudanum mentioned; all these being proper for Pestelentiall occasions, the uses and virtues of which I would touch, though but in a word: And for example, if the Surgeons desire a Cordial to be made to cause rest, it is made either of Laudanum to 3. grains as it is said, or Diascordium to 2. drams, or Philonium to one dram mentioned; & Note, that Laudinum 〈◊〉 is best to be taken in a pill, because of his ungrateful taste, and Philonium in a bolus, or lump for the like reason; and so also may Diascordium be used well, and especially in War; where neither the advice of the learned Physician, nor the help of the Apothecary's shop is at hand; but if the Surgeon be occasioned, and that he would have Diascordium given in a Potion, then let him take of Diascordium 2 drams, of White Wine, or fair Water 3. ounces or 4. of Sir. Violarum half an ounce. Conf. Alkermis 8. grains, Oleum vitriol gut 4. and let the Patient incline himself to rest. Also if a Cordial to comfort the spirits be required, than the foresaid Cinnamon water, Aqua Celestis, or Cordial. comfortive. Aqua vitae, of wine is at hand without mixture or addition, or with some addition, half a spoonful or a spoonful for a dose. If against malignity of the blood, or any Pestilential Contagion feared; then the patient may take as followeth: Re. Diatessaron 2. drams, Mithridate 1. dram, Elect. de ovo half a dram, dissolve or mix A Cordial Diaphoreticon. them together; and take it in White Wine, Claret, or Sack, or in Cardus, or fair water for need, of any of these to the quantity of 4. ounces, and sweat thereupon, and if the Contagion be fierce, the patient may reiterate such a sweeting medicine each 4. hours safely for three times. These or any of these other Cordials may be given in other waters, and other mixtures, according to the discretion of the Surgeon, the time, place, and different occasion considered, and for need in a bolus or lump: likewise Mithridate, or Andromaches Treakel, a dram or 2. drams in White Wine, in Cardus water, or in beer or water for a need, may safely be taken for a Cordial or in a bolus. Also Theriaca Diatessaron, three drams for a dose, taken either as it is in a bolus or lump, to be swallowed For torsions or gripings of the stomach or bowels down, is an excellent Cordial to provoke sweat, to remove Torsions, Stitches, or gripings of the stomach, or lower belly, or any pains therein; also it resisteth putrifactious and pestilential vapours, and is the most ancients Treacle of all other: myself have had very much, true, and good experience of it, and would trust my life upon it, before the 2. aforesaid Alexifarmicks and the Lond. Treacle, in the like manner is to be used and is a very good Cordial. El. de Ouo, is also of itself a sure good Cordial, a Scruple, I mean 20. grains thereof in a bolus, or in wine given, it resisteth pestilential venom, and refresheth the spirits, and either alone, or as is aforesaid mixed with other Cordial Electuaries is also a true A Cordial. Cordial: for it comforteth the heart, provoketh sweat, and by the poors of the skin, expelleth poisonous vapours. Cons. rosarum, is used to resresh and strengthen the stomach, either alone, or if you intent to cool and contemperate the blood; add a few drops of oil A contemperative Cordial. of Vitriol to a little thereof, and if to warm the stomach, mix Mithridate, or Treacle one part, and cons. Roses 2. parts, and give it in a bolus. Cons. Barbar. you should keep either to mix with Of Cooling julaps. your cooling, barley waters, or julaps to refresh the appetite, & the apalled spirits in favours, or sometimes to give a little of it in a bolus, to give a relish to the mouth, to cause appetite in favours and nautious distempers. There is also in the Chest Oximell Simplex which I use in the Surgeon's Chest, in want of Sir. Diamoron, or rather being nothing inferior for lotions in Virtue of Oximell. the mouth & throat orderly used, as also for the other virtues, it hath exceeding Diamoron, as namely outwardly in the asswaging tumours and pains, this is a singular medicine, and also in Hernia humoralis, 〈…〉 tumours of the testicles, it excelleth, if it be mixed with a Cathaplasme of bean meal, boiled in beer with a little oil of Elders or Roses, and a little wax, so that the whole quantity of the Cathaplasme being by guess 2. pound, if so, then put about 6. or 7. ounces of Oximell thereunto, and boil it to a body, and it is an admirable good medicine, for it discusseth, and safely repelleth such tumours in their increase, with the help of Phlybothomine and a vomit where the patiented is strong, which tumours by error of the Surgeon will otherwise come to supperation & prove fistulas incurable, but he that will cure such tumours, must have an artificial sacke-trusse, and be sure that the grief be truly and easily borne up at all times of the whole cure: and Oximell inwardly administered, purgeth the stomach and intrals, openeth obstructions, and yet without any manifest sign of heat, and thereby helpeth much in fevers engendered of gross Phlegm. Of Lotions generally used in the Surgeon's Chest, the most common is of sanative herbs made in the summer, with water or wine, and honey; but at Sea if a lavative or washing Lotion, in need be required, fair Lotion at Sea for a need. water, with as much allumne therein, as will make it tart, & so much honey as will give it a grateful taste, & there is a Lotion: Or if in the diseases of the Scurfie, a Lotion be required, then use Coper as instead of allumne, or sometimes Vng. Aegyptiacum, for ulcers of the mouth or throat, the grieved part touched hot may suffice. And to wash and cool the mouth in fevers, I often take fair water 4. ounces, of Rose-water half a spoonful, a little syrup, Sugar, or mell for a need, and a few drops of Wine-vinegar or Oximell a little, or oil of Vintrioll a few drops. I have been taxed, that my proportion hath not sufficient contained therein for wounds with Gun-shot, but if any please to look into the particulars, and well consider them, he will find that the whole scope of the Surgeon's Chest, is of purpose contrived to that end, and that there is not any one medicine therein, but upon the main or upon the by, tendeth that way; for a wound of Gun-shot at the first view, representeth a A true description of a wound with Gun-shot at the lust view. wound, an ulcer, a fistula: Yea and sometimes a fracture and a dislocation, and by Accedents calleth to it a favour, an imposthume, a gangrenne, & quid non; yea without God's mercy joined to the great care of the discreet Surgeon, death followeth. judge then if ought be in a Surgeon's Chest, which in such a wound upon some occasion be not fit. And for an Instance, the Chest containeth, for the Medicines ready for the first intention curative of wounds by burnings of Gunpowder. first intention curative of Burn with Gunpowder. Vng. Populeon. 3. lb Album. 1. lb Triapharmacon. 2. lb Diaponpholigos, lb ss. Mellsaponis 4. lb oleum lini. 4. lb Ceruse. 3. lb Mell-depurat. 3. lb the weight of all this amounts unto 20. lb and a half, being all directly fitting; for the first Intention, namely for taking out of the fire; and yet the Chest hath diverse other helps as a Linament made of Minium or Diacalsithios, and oil either of linseed oil, or of Roses. And for all the rest as is said of wounds of Gun-shot, so I say of Ulcers made by Gun-shot, the whole scope of all the Sanative medicines in the Chest, according to their several intention and times suit fitly to finish the cures, and wherein the rest wanteth; there is a Magazine Chest, stored with the like medicines, to the A Magazine Chest. value of 48. lb. to supply each Surgeon's wants; but saith some others, the proportion is very much wanting of of restrictive or astringent medicines, to stay fluxes, or to Amputate upon occasion; wherefore to satisfy the benevolent young Surgeon desirous to be informed: I answer, first that there is Pulueris Restring. Maius 3. pounds, also Bolus 6. lb. Wine Vinegar, 2. lb. Myrrhae A stringent or Restringent or Restrictive medicine. 4. ℥. Alluminis 2. lb. Vitrio. Crudae, 2. lb. Vitriol. Combusta, lb ss. Mercury. precipitat. 2. ℥. Sublimat. 1. ℥. Beane and Barley meal 6 lb. Galls, 1 lb. Pomegranate Rinds 4. ℥. and whites of eggs, besides good ligature & bolsters ready, all which, with judgement and discretion used: I dare say are sufficient. And for one instance, namely that the restrictive powder is sufficient in quantity: I can produce witness if need were, that upon the 24. of july, 1628. I took of 2. members, whereof one above the knee, with one 1. ℥ ss. of the powder to both, and had a fourth part to spare of the made medicine. There is also an astringent defensative powder prepared, and made ready for use as hereafter followeth. And if all what is said, (together with the supply in the Magazine Chest, with also the help of Phlebottomie ligature, actual and potential Cauteries,) will not suffice; then I am I confess mistaken. Note in burnings with Gunpowder, that if the face Nota. or hands be burned, I have found it best from the first Common practice. to the last, namely to the end of the cure, to use Vng. Album, either mixed with Populeon or with Linseed oil, or Vnguentum Diapompholigos is fully as good made A note in the cure of burnings in the face. into a very thin linament, and warm laid on the face, with a feather & no clouts at all, nor ought else to cover the face; this healeth excoriations or scorchings best: or that the Surgeon take Ceruse ground in a mortar with Linseed oil, and apply it as the former; I have approved it to be very good: Triaphormicon is also very good so used. I spoke but now of honey for burnings, and who so Of honey. shall prove it, shall find it safe to take out the fire, and after to heal the grief, but it is somewhat more painful than some other medicines are, it being once or twice a day applied upon brown paper, being first rubbed soft, and the medicine spread thereon, and in that manner applied, it healeth without any scarce. Also Mell Saponis, and all other medicines appropriate, may be applied upon paper at Sea, partly for sparing Linen. Moreover, I find a great weakness in young Surgeons, that I have just occasion to question, in that their Masters that bred them, have not taught them the true knowledge of our usual weights and measures, but chiefly they fail in the weights, which doth even great danger to their poor patients, whose life hangeth dangerously in the balance by a grain; too much given when the Surgeon knoweth not how many grains are in a scruple, or in a dram; no nor scarce that there is a weight so called; wherefore let young Surgeons note as followeth: the Physicians, Surgeons. and Apothecaries have two sorts of weights in use, namely, Troy weights, which likewise are the Goldsmith's weights; and that containeth 12. ounces to the pound; and Haberdepoys weight, which containeth 16. ounces to the pound; and is, that common weight which the Grocers and all other tradesmen use; and indeed which we most use: for though myself sometimes buy Musk, Civet, or Ambergreese & Drugs by Troy weight; yet I dispense, and administer all by Haberdepoys weight, which is 16. ounces to the pound, so I will only for brevity speak thereof: A pound Haberdepoys, hath 16. ounces, an ounce hath 8. drams. A dram hath 3. scruples. A scruple hath 20. grains, and by that account, a dram hath 60. grains, and a full grain of barley is a reasonable grain, and a pepper Corn or a wheat Corn may be used. And our Measures agreeing with our weights, most Of Measures. usual are as followeth; a wine gallon of water, containeth 8. pound, a pottle four pound, a quart 2. pound, a pint 1. pound, etc. and of ordinary salad oils 7. pound and a half is accounted a gallon. Of Cathaplasmes. OF all other necessaries in the Surgeon's Chest, I confess my deficiency therein, for I ought to have had dried herbs of all sorts sitting, some store, but I pray you accept of my excuse, I had Surgeon's Chests, and parts of Chests, 40. at once, and had but ten days respite to make and to fit them all, and yet the said Chests contain herbs of diverse sorts, as also bean and barley meal, Lineseeds, Foenigreeke, Camomill-flowers, Cummen-seeds, Fennell-seeds, and diverse other things that are helps that way, but what shall I say to some contentious persons, my best things fall too short for them? but to benevolent understanding Artists, they can many ways make use of fitting helps in a ship, and not always charge the Surgeon's Chest: viz. If myself were at sea, and put to If a Surgeon be put to it it, I would find waste crumbs of biscuits, and I would boil them in ship-beere, and with some fat of the beefe-kettle, or of the porke-kettle, I would make up a supperative Cathaplasme and if it had not a fit consistence or body, I would deal with the Steward for a little meal, or take of my own store, and according to my store, enrich that with other helps from the Chest. And if I need a discutient Cathaplasme, and the Chest had not to help me to my will being put to it, I would as I said make my ground of the medicine to be of crumbs of biscuit or of soft bread decocted in beer, adding when it had well sod, vinegar and honey a fit quantity, these things with other rational additions according to several occasions do much comfort the weak patiented and also grace the Artist: Nam frustra fit per plura, quod fieri potest per pauciora. And to put young Surgeons in mind what other supperative medicines are in the Surgeon's Chest, there are either Unguents, Oils, or Emplastic medicaments, (diverse) which my time will not admit me to inform you off, though I confess I should advice young men Of Supperative medicines in their necessities, but to be short, they shall find Vnguentum Bazillicon spread thick and applied to an Aposteme doth well, and the better if the place Embrocated with some Oleum Lili. Lini. or the like, and you shall find that Arceus Linament is good: and likewise Emplastrum Mellilote, and who knoweth not that shippe-pitch and a little fat mixed, ripeneth a Tumour duly applied, or Pix Graeca with fat, or Turpentine and diverse other the like good things may be found, where the discreet Surgeon is put to his shifts: but no more of that, for whereas Bees may suck honey, enen there Spiders will convert a plain style into poison and gall. Nonomnibus dormio. A ready defensative powder to be applied where just cause is for a defensative; either for wounds with gunshot or other wounds which I have long made use of, and will impart the secret to young practitioners as followeth. ℞ Terra Sigillata. Aluminis. Vitrioli. Tartarae. Cerussae ana 1. Ib. Boli Armeni 2. Ib. Aque 1. Ib. ss Take a new earthen pot of almost a gallon and an half, put the water into the pot, and thereunto at the first put the Allom and the Copperas, then powder the Tarter and put that in also, and then have ready the other ingrediences in powder, put them in by little and little, stirring them very well until all be incorporated, and without seething, keep the medicine on the fire till it be hard, and if you cannot make it hard enough in that manner so that being cold it will powder, than put it into some dripping pan or the like, and into an oven when the bread is drawn and it will be hard: then being cold powder it, and keep it to your use; it will not decay nor alter his virtue in many years. And when you would use it for a defensative, take of this powder about half an ounce, of Posca, I mean water and vinegar mixed four ounces, put the powder therein, which will almost all melt, then dip clouts therein and apply them. This medicine with moderation used is a true and excellent defensative and very Anodine. Also it healeth all Itchings, Smarting, gauling, or any Erisiphilas, or other Excoriations speedily, and safely and mightily preventeth accidents either in great wounds or fractures, and being in small quantity used with fair water to bathe used with fair water to bathe ulcers, it cleanseth them well and healeth them. And if you have whites of eggs mixed with Posca it were the better, or in fractures with yelke and whites together it is very good, only let the care of the Surgeon be that he apply it in his true nature, namely as a defensative in fit time, and so touching the rest of the uses thereof, and he may presume he hath a sure good medicine, and so for this time I make my leave. FINIS.