THE book OF FIVE COLLVMNES OF ARCHITECTVRE, CALLED Tuscan, Dorica, jonica, Corinthia, and Composita: drawn and counterfeited after the right Symmetry and cunning measure of Free-Masons. Gathered with great diligence by Hans bloom, out of Antiquities, for the benefit of Free Masons, Carpenters, Goldsmiths, Painters, Carvers, In-layers, Anticke-Cutters, and all other that delight to practise with the compass and Square. Translated out of latin into English by J. T. printer's device for Nicholas Oakes TAM ROBVR. TAM ROBOR. NI-COLIS arbour jovis. 1610. ♃ N O Printed for William and Robert peak, and are to be sold at their house near holborn Cunduit. 1635. To his especial and kind Friend M. John Land, Merchant, and true favour●● of Art. SIR, I have made bold to choose you for the Patron of this Translation, wherein though I want eleg●●ce, I have kept some form, as well as I could apparel a stranger in English ornaments. Not that he had need of us, but that we all need him, especially all such as affect the excellent Art of Architecture, that giveth beauty to Palaces, decency to Temples, and maketh Cities opulent, by drawing multitudes of strangers to wonder at their buildings. Pardon me, I pray you, that I take in hand to stand under s●●h huge Colossus and so strong columns. I grant( considering my little skill) you would rather think, I should speak somewhat in his praise that makes Flies so subtle, that the breath of any would move: or in his commendation that made a Coach and Horses so small, that a Bees wing could cover. I deny not such labours to be curious, but they are not commedious; they are even as fit to beautify a C●●y i● a time of peace, as the fellowes chain a flay would leap in, was to barricado, or cross a street in the time of war. I have been bold to make choice of you for my Patron, as well for your far travail and speculation, as for that I have heard you have been ever careful and studious in books of Lymning, Painting, Graving, Building, and such like. I beseech you accept my labour, in removing these Pillars, Squares and forms geometrical into English, and assure yourself if you take it acceptably, I shall think myself, as greatly pleased, as was Sixtus the last, who had all the peoples praise and acclamation in Rome for removing Cae●●rs pyramid, from the ruin of the old City to the new. Your affencted friend HANS WOVTNEEL. To the Reader. THough some men be of opinion, books of building are onely necessary for Artificers, yet the ancient Princes of Syria, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, gave example to all men that delight in building, to be experienced in those plots and models they intend to have wrought upon. So Solomon hath praise for giving order to build the Temple. Porsenna the Athrurian King, for the manner of his sepulchre, being in form of a Labyrinth: the egyptians Monarchs for their pyramids: Artemisia for her husbands tomb in Caria, and the ancient Romans for their houses of pleasure and Palaces: whose very ruins are patterns for our builders. Therefore I offer this book as well to Noble Gentlemen, as Richmen, and have chosen a Patron, that hath himself, to my knowledge, intended( if this be acceptable) to set forth the works of Sebastian Serly; and Albertus Durce, and other worthy authors, for the benefit of Masters, Builders, Carvers, Masons, Lymners, and all sorts of men, that love beauty and ornament. My request to you that red, is to accept kindly my labours, to encourage me and others to go forward for your after good. Yours H. M. The Table. A AStragulus a bottle and fillet in any part of the pillar. Abacus the top of the jonica, or Corinthian head. Annuli, or Apohiges, when three fillets come together, one under another. B Basis, all the moulding or foot of the pedestal. C Cimatium, that which some call in English an O. G. Canolicoli, are the Flutes in the Trigliphi. Cornonix, all the moulding standing over the square of the pedestal. Corona; a broad plinth in the comish between two Cimatium. Contractura, the breaking of the Pillar. Caulis, the cods out of which the Helices grow in the Corinthian head. D Deuticuli, abroad plinth in the cornish cut with dents. E Echinus, a bottle cut with edges. Epistilium, the Architrave. F Facia, abroad fillet whereof there are three in the Architrave. G Gutta, are drops sometime round, sometime in Triangle fashion. H Hipotrachelium, the nackc of the capital. Helices, are the scrolls in the Corinthian head, being in number 8. I Icnographia, is the ground plate. L Licis or Sima, the Cimatium turned upward. M Mutils, that which we commonly call in English a cartouse. Modulus, half the thickness of the pillar. P Plinthus, commonly called in English a plinth. Proiectura, the sail of every moulding. R Regula, any small fillet. S Scapus, the body of the Pillar. Spira, the base of the Pillar. Stilobata, the pedestal. Scotia, a hollow casement. Supercilium, a small fillet in the top of the cornish. Semicanolicola, half Flutes on each side Trigliphi. Stria, the flat lying between the Flutes. T Torus, any bottle. Trigliphi, a kind of ornament in the frise. Trochilus, the same which Scotia. Tenia, the top of the Pillar. Trabeatio, the highest top of the Cornish. V Voluta, the Ionicke scroll. Z Zophorus, the frise. FINIS. I. Tuscana. PLiny being witness, saith it is an ancient sort of column for the Tusci are reported to haue their beginnings of the Greekes: Wherefore for the most part it agreeth with the Doricke: But the Architector thinketh this was made of Tuscanus, who is reported to bee general Author of the germans: But the Tuscan is the strongest of them all, having the first place in order: Therefore marvel not that the Stilobata of this Tuscan doth want the parts of the Cimatium: for seeing it is strong, and may haue use in great buildings, forts, Castles, and Towers, &c. whereby it may take vplesse room, and to the end it may be no hindrance to carriages in or out. The whole height of this Pillar, divide in 9 parts, give 2 of those parts to Stilobata with Basis and the vpper Cimatium: divide these two parts into six, as appeareth on the right side of Stilobata, one of the six parts is for Basis Cimatium, one other to Stilobata Cimatium divided into 6 parts, the four remaining maketh the square of the great base, crossed with two Diagonal lines: In this great square is made a circled, and look where the circled crosseth the diagonal lines, there make another Square: in which square you shall make an other circled, whose circumference shall touch the side of the said Square, being the thickness of Scapi Cimatium, and the space between the two Squares, shall bee for the standing forth of the foresaid Scapi Cimatium: The last Square spoken of, divided into eight parts: give six of those parts to another circled, which is the bigness of Scapi at Tenia or top of the Pillar. The great Square Basis at Cimatium, divide into seven parts, give one of the Projectura of Basis Cimatium, as appeareth on the left side, which also maketh the hight of Cimatium before spoken on the right side in two equal parts: one of these parts divide in four, give the last of the four to Regula Basis: the first of the four divide in two, one of which parts is for the small Regula under Sima or Lisis: then Sima itself will be made in a true Square. For Stilobata Cimatium divide in four parts, one whereof give Sima, two other to Plinthus, the last fourth part divide into three, give two for Astragulus, and the other two for Regula. For Scapi Cimatium, standing vpon Stilobata, whose height being one Modulus of the Pillar, divide in two parts, as appeareth on the right side of Scapi Cimatium, one of which parts is for ●h●th●s, the other part divide in three, give Torus two, Regula one. diagram of column proportions Ichnographia. Trabeatio. Coronix. Zophorus. Epistilium. capital, Tenia. The height of Scapus being 6 times the thickness of the Pillar which is Scapi Cimatium and capital, as may be perceived on the right side: The capital shall be the same Modulus as is Scapi Cimatium: which Modulus divide in three parts, one of which parts give Abacus, another to Echinus, whose fourth part maketh Regula under Echinus: the last third part of Hypotrachelium: which part of Hypotrachelium divide in two, marked with ✚, one of these parts give to Tenia: that part of Tenia divide in three, give two to Astragulus, the third to Regula, one eight part of the thickness of Scapus shall be the Projectura of the capital, and Tenia must be made in a true square. Epistilium vpon the capital, being the same Modulus, divide in six parts appearing on the right side: give one part to Sima being made true Square: Now for the left side, divide that one part of Sima in three, give one of those to Regula above Sima, the other five divide in nine, give parts to the higher Facia, and four to the lower Facia. Zophorus standeth vpon Epistilium, and is of the same height. The great Trabeatio standeth vpon Zophorus of the same height also: so that from the top of the capital to the highest part of Trabeatio is three even parts, such as is Scapi Cimatium, and his Projectura shal be as much as is one of those parts. Trabeatio divide in fours parts, the first of those divide in three parts, give one to Regula, and two to Sima: give two other of those four parts to Corona: and the last four parts divide again into four, give three to Torus, and one ▪ to Regula, as appeareth on the right side. Corona which containeth two parts in height, and of the same Projectura divide in eleven, give two to Regula, and one to Canaticulus, as appeareth on the left side three of these may bee taken for the breadth, and three such parts for the depth. The Contractura of Scapus, you may make after this manner, divide the Pillar into six parts, between Tenia and Scapi Cimatium, vpon the second lower part, being the third part of his height: make a circled to the outward part of Scapus, and look where the circled crosseth the pricked line of one eight part of Scapus divide in four parts vpon the side of the said circled, and drawing lines strait from side to side of the said circled, the lines are brought up to Tenia for his Entasis. This description of Tuscana hath just proportion in all parts which the Romans and Venetians use. diagram of column proportions Scapi Cimatium, Stilobata Cimatium. Stilobata. Basis Cimatium, II. Dorica. THe first and ancient columns called Dorica, taking beginning of Dorus, Prince of Achaia and Poloponnesus, building a Church after that order at Argos, and in other Cities of Achai●, when true proportion and reason was not known, afterwards the Athenians making war upon Asia, choosing for captain IONVS the son of Xuthus, whom Car●a called that after their Captaines name: erecting Temples to their Gods, began first with Apollos Temple, and building one in Achaia, called that Dorica, because being the first of that order in the cities Doricon: when they would haue placed those columns in that Temple, having ne● true proportion, and seeking by all means they might bring it to pa●r, and fittest to bear the burden, with allowable strength, measuring the foot of a strong fashioned man, & finding his height, fix times the length of his foot, by that measure finished all the parts of this Pillar, for the Temple of Apollo. The whole height divide in S parts appearing on the left side: give 2 of those parts for the height of Scilobata, and the 2 parts divide in 3 other parts, appearing on the right side of Stilobata: one of these parts shall bee the thickness of Scapus, and 7 such parts shal be the height of the said Pillar with Scapi Cimatium and capital, and so Scapus with Stilobata consisteth of 10 even parts. The thickness of Scapus divide in 4 parts, marked with a ✚, 2 of these being joined with Stilobata maketh the breadth of 6 even parts 2 such other joined to Stilobata, maketh the whole breadth, 8 parts maketh with B. 2. The height of Stilobata on the left side, divide in 7 parts, give one to the upper Cimatium, another to Basis Cimatium of the other 5 parts, a square being made in the breadth of Stilobata. Basis Cimatium on the right side divide into two parts, give one to Plinthus: divide the other in three parts, give 2 to Torus, and one to Regula, Basis Cimatium and the left side divide in 2 parts, give one to Plinthus, the other divide in 2 parts, give one to the lower Torus: divide th● other in 3 parts, give two to the higher Torus, and one to Regula, the Proiectura may be made square: the Proiectura of both the Cimatium containeth the sixth part of the breadth of Stilobata, Stilobata Cimatium on the right side, divide in 5 parts, give one to Astraguls, 2 for Lisis, and the other two to Plinthus. Stilobata Cimotium on the left side divide in 4 parts, give one to Astragulus, two for Lisis, the last for Plinthus. Scapi Cimatium standing upon Stilobata being one Modulus, divide in 3 parts, give on to Plinthus, the 2 other divide in 4 parts, give one to the higher Torus, divide these 3 parts in 2, give one diagram of column proportions to the lower Torus, the other divide in 7 taking one of these for the lower Regula, another for the higher Regula, the 5 remaining give Trochitus: the Regula of Scapus is made of the 28 part thereof, and is Projectura square. The Contractura of Scapus spoken in Tuscan. capital standing on the top of Scapus, being the same Modulus of Scapi Cimatium on the left side, divide in 3 parts, give 1 to Zophorus, 2 to Echinus, the third to Quadra, the half to Zophorus give Tenia, or top of Scapus: the lower 3 parts of Echinus shall be for Anulas: In like manner the third part of Quadra gave Sima & Regula, so that every Projectura may show itself. Epistilium standing vpon the capital being the same Modulus, divide in 7 parts, on the left side give one to Tenia, and is fitting ever as much as the Contractura of Scapus. Zophorus standing vpon Epistilium, containeth of 3 such parts as Epistilium hath 2, one of those 3 parts of Zophorus divide in 3, give one of those to Regula above the Trigliphus, which may bee made after this manner: divide the height from Epistilium to the higher Regula before spoken of in 3 parts: 2 of those parts shall be the breadth of Trigliphus: one of these parts divide in 6, give one to Facia, 2 to Plinthus, 2 to Simicanolicola: the thickness expressed in the figure marked with ●x under Trigliphus, there are 6 Gutta, the breadth of these being the sixth part of Epistilium: the Regula from whence they hang, is the fourth part of one Gutta. Coronix standing vpon Zophorus, the same height of Epistilium, which divide in 2 parts: the 1 whereof divide in 4, give one to the lower Sima, 2 to Coronix, the last 4 part to the Sima above, Coronix, the other of those parts give the great Sima, which djuide in 7, give one to Regula above Sima. Now the measures on the right side, from the top of the capital to the highest part of Trabeationes, may be thus dispatched: divide Epistilium in 3 parts, four such parts give Zophorus, 4 more to Coronix, so that Epistilium Zophorus and Coronix contain of 11 parts. Zophorus divide in 10 parts, give one to Regula above the Trigliphus, the height of Cororix divide in 9 parts, 2 give to the two Facia, one to Echinus, 2 to Mutili, 2 to Corona, & 2 to Sima: the Mutily divide in 3 parts, give the small Sima above the Mutili one part, and so for Sima above Corona: the 2 lower parts given to Facia divide in six, give 2 to the lower Facia, and 3 to the higher Facia, and the last to Regula under Echinus. Mutili is made in this manner, Echinus divide in 6 parts, from the middle column to the outward part of the capital, give 2 of those parts to Mutilus, 3 such parts between the Mutilus, all other parts bee made square. If you would round the colunme to make 24 Canalicolis you shall make them in that manner set. diagram of column proportions III. jonica. 1. AFterward they builded the Temple of Di●na, seeking a new Sinnetry for that Temple, and fashioned the just measure of a woman, that it should be more beautiful and slender, making eight Diameters for her height, and put Basis Spira for her foot: her head and hair which trussed up with a lace on every side: then set Voluta for the pleates of her garments: they adrned Canalicoli & Striaes: so they found out the invention of the Collumnes by two differences: the one after mans shape, without fashion or show: the other with womans subtlety with fashion and just proportion: This went forward with wisdom, & cunning judgements, and they added another diameter to Dorica going before, and made him seven Diameters in height, and eight Diameters to jonica: but that which the jones made first is called Ionicum. The height of this Pillar divide in seven parts, as appeareth on the left side: divide one of those parts in 22, which is the breadth of the lower Plinthus give 16 of those parts to the thickness of Scapus, and the other six for the Projectura of Basis Cimatium, three parts on either side. The height of Scapus, with his Cimatium & capital, consisteth of 8 Diameters, as appeareth on the right side. Basis being a Modulus of Seapus, divide in three parts, give 1 of those parts to Plinthus, the other 12 parts divide in 7, give 3 of those to the higher Torus, the four remaining divide in 8. give two of those parts to the double Astragulus in the middle, half one of those parts for Regula, and the rest to Trochilus, as appeareth on the right side, marked with 3. The Regula of the Pillar being put to Torus, is the 24 part of Scapus, & the Contractura of Scapus is the 12 part, as in the ground plate of Cimatium is set down. The capital shall be declared at large in the great Capital: The Contractura of Scapus is made in this manner: divide the Pillar from Basis Cimatium unto Tenia in six parts, two whereof maketh the third part where you begin Contractura: upon the which diagram of column proportions line make a half circled, & look where that circled cutteth the 12 part of Scapus, divide above the bow thereof within that twelne part in four, drawing lines from side to side of the said circled, as appeareth: These lines being made for Contractura, & drawn to every of these parts before divided, this Pillar is broken perfectly. Epistilium standing upon the capital, being the same Modulus of Scapus Cimatium, divide in 7 parts: give one part of Sima,( whose third part maketh Regula above Sima) the sieve remaining divide in twelve, give 5 of those parts to the higher Facia, give 4 to the middle Facia, and the three last to the lower Facia, appearing in the figure marked with a ✚ Zophorus standing upon Epistilium of the same Modulus, divide in 10 parts, give one to Sima under Dentilium, and is 3 parts to Regula above Sima, being divided on the right side. Denticuly is of the same height of the middle Facia, marked with a ✚, and is Projectura as much, which divide in six parts, appearing in the Quadranglo, give 3 unto his breadth, the other 2 maketh Denticuly: which Denticuly divide in six, give one of those to Sima, and his 3 parts maketh Regula above Sima. Corona of the same height marked with the ✚, and is third part for Sima, Coronix being the highest part of the column of the same measure marked with a ✚, divide in eight parts, give one part to Regula above Sima, the other 7 for Sima: If you please to garnish the Pillar with Canaliculus, divide the circumference into 24 parts, the five part of one such part maketh Stria, and the other 4 Canaliculus. This being done, is the just measure and proportion of this Pillar, which the most excellent Architecture, Marcus Vitruvius used at Rome and Corinth. diagram of column proportions IIII. jonica 2. THis jonica made with his Stilobata, the whole hight divide in 14 parts, appearing on the left side: 3 of those parts maketh all Stilobata: divide those 3 parts in 8 appearing on the right side, give one part to the lower Cimatium, one other part to the higher Cimatium of Stilobata: the six parts remaining is for the height of Stilobat, and 4 for his breadth. The second Cimatium on the right side, are made after this manner: Basis Cimatium divide in three parts: give 1 of those parts to Plinthus, 1 other part to Sima: which divide in six parts, give Regula under Sima one of those parts, Regula above Sima another of those parts the other 3 part divide in 2, give one of those parts to Torus, the 2 to Troclilus: and the 3 part of Torus maketh the Regula under him; and their Proiectura bring the sixth part Stilobata. Stilobata Cimatium on the right five divide in 2 parts: the second divide in 3 parts, give 2. of those parts to Facia, & the third maketh Sima, t●● 3 part of Sima maketh Regula above Sima: The first part divide in 4 give one of those parts to Regula under the lower Sima: the other 3 divide in six parts, gi●ing one of those 6 to Regula under Facia, the rest remaining give Sima, whose Proiectura is like to Basis Cimatium. Basis Cimatium on the left side, divide in three parts, give one of those to Plinthus: the other 2. divide in five: give 3 to Sima, and 2. for ●orus, the lower 6. part of Sima maketh Regula, and the higher third part of Torus is Regula, whose Proiectura and also Stilobata Cimatium, is vpon the left side before spoken. Scapi Cimatium, divide the breadth of Stilobata in 22 parts, 16 of these parts give the thickness of Scapus, the six other parts give for the Proiectura of Scapi Cimatium, bring 3 on each side: and 8 of those parts give for the whole height of Scapi Cimatium: which 8 divide in 3, give 1 part to Plinthus, and the 2 remaining, divide in 3 give the last third part to Torus: divide the other 2 parts in 12 give 2 of those parts to the middle Astragulus, and one to Regula under Torus: but half one of those 〈◇〉 maketh Regula above Astragulus the Regula under Astragulus containeth of one part and Regula above Plinthus one half part: the ●●st for the 2 Trochilus, appearing by the letter H. The Contractura of Scapus, being shewed in the first jonica, and the capital, shall be finished in great capital hereafter, whose height contriueth 8 Diameters, appearing on the right side. diagram of column proportions Epistilium, Zophorus and Coronix standing vpon the capital, whose height being 2 Diameters, of the eight before spoken: so the Pillar with al his ornaments, containeth of 10 Diameters: divide those two Diameters into 10 paris, shewed on the sight side, give 3 to Epistilium, 3 to Zophorus, and the other sour to the great Trabeationes. Those 3 parts given Epistilium, divide in a give one part to Sima, ●hose into part give Regula abo●● Sima ● the other five parts divide in 12, give 3 to the lower Facia, give 4 to the middle Facia, & 5 to the third Facia: Zophorus as before spoken, and is Eutasis taken from the Triangle, as you may see in the figure: Coronix consisteth of 4 parts, divided in six, give the first to Denticulus, whose fourth part maketh Sima under Denticulus, the second give Echinus, whose 4 part maketh Regula under Echinus, and 2 parts for Mutili: whose fift part make to Sima above Mutili, being so of high, as the breadth: give 1 other of those parts to Corona, whose 3 part maketh Sima above Corona: the last 6 part give the highest Sima, whose sixth part maketh Regula: the Proiectura of all Coronix is equal to his hight. The measure on the left side, for the great Trabeationes are thus divided; Those 4 parts of Coronix before ●poken, divide in eleven parts, give 1 to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above himself: give 3 other of those parts to Denticuly and Echinus, and the 4 part of Denticuly, give Regula under Echinus: and the 7 part of Echinus maketh the Regula under Mutili: give 3 of those parts to Mutili, give a for Corona, and the last 2 give the higher Sima: which two parts divided into six, give on to Astragulus, 3 other to Sima, the two last to Abacus: and the Proiectura of the Mutili is double to his height, whose 5 part maketh Sima over himself, and may be made hollow, as you see in the figure, Scapus being garnished with 24 striges. diagram of column proportions V. Corinthian 1. THe third sort, having the shape of a maides slenderness: for Virgins by the tenderness of their age, are figured with comely members, and beautiful in apparel: the first finding the beauty of the capital, was by a maid of the city Corinthia, being marriageable, detained with sickness, dyed: after whose burial, the flowers she loved being alive, her nurse gathered, and setting them in order, brought them in a Basket to the tomb, setting them in the highest part thereof, and that they might remain the longer, covered them with a flat tile or ston, from the air: by chance that Basket of Ofiares, she placed vpon the roote of the herb Acanthus, or Bearfoote: about spring time the roote of that herb did spread her leaves and tender stalks, increasing against the side of the baket, & pressed down with the weight of the flat tile or ston, were compelled to turn themselves to the out ward parts of the flat ston. Then Calimachus, who for his wit and subtlety in the Art of working in ston, was surnamed Catatechnos, of the Athemius passing by that grave, seeing the leaves growing in that sort, reached unto himself the Basket, being delighted with the strangeness and newness thereof, fashioned the same for the capital of the column, to that which he made at Corinthia. There are other Capitals, which are put to these columns of diuers sorts, which do take beginning from Corinthia, jonica and Dorica. The whole height divide into 8 parts, the fist part of the higher 8 part being taken away, all the measures are to bee found in the example appearing on the left side. The first 8 part marked with the letters a, b, give to the breath of Plinthus: which divide in 22 parts: give 16 of those parts to the thickness of Scapus, and 8 of those parts for the Modulus of Basis Cinatium, the rest make for the Projectura, which is 3 of those parts on each side, as appeareth. The Basis Cimatium, with Scapus & his capital, shall be 9 Diameters in height, as appeareth in the figure on the lest side. The Basis Cimatium being a Modulus of Scapus, divide into 4 parts: give the first part to Plinthus: the other threé parts divide into 5, give one of those parts to the higher Torus, but the lower Torus is one fourth part more of the 5 even Storis before spoken, higher then the vpper Torus: the space between the two Torus, divide into 12, give 2 of those parts to the two Astragulus, in the middle, the third part of one 12 part make Regula under the higher Torus, and one half part, give Regula above Astraguly diagram of column proportions and the Regula under Astraguly is equal to the square: but Regula above the lower Torus, is the 2 third parts of one 12 part, the rest remaining maketh the vpper and lower Trochilus: but Regula above the higher Torus, is made of the 24 part of Scapus, and the 12 part is for the Contractura of Scapus, the Projectura of these divisions marked with R. The capital placed in the top of Scapus, being one Diameter in hight, divide the same Diameter into 7, give one of those parts, to Abacus, and his Projectura being equal to the base. The ground plot of the capital, the manner of his leaves and Voluta, shall be handled in the great capital. In the end of Scapus, Tenia hath the 12 part of his height & Projectura, and his third part give to his Regula. The Contractura of this Pillar made after the first jonica: but his Canaliculus in the manner of the last jonica: the first third part are filled with Baculus, appearing in the figure. Epistilium standing vpon the capital, being one Modulus in height, whose 7 part give to Sima: divide that 7 part into 3, give one to Regula: 2 for Sima: divide the other 6 parts into 12, give 3 to the lower Facia, 4 to the middle Facia, 5 to the vpper Facia: also the 8 part of the vpper Facia maketh Astragulus under Facia: also the 8 part of the middle Facia maketh Astragulus under himself, marked with ✚, appearing in the figure: Zophorus followeth the height of Epistilium, being divided into 4 parts: five such parts is the height of the same Zophorus, which divide into 8 parts above Zophorus, give one such part to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above Sima: Denticulus being of the same measure of the middle Facia, marked with a ✚: his seventh part maketh Regula above Denticulus, and his Projectura being square, the manner of their opening being shewed in jonica. Echinus vpon Denticulus, whose measure is the same of the lower Facia marked with O. The corona vpon Echinus, being the same measure of the middle Facia, divide into 3 parts, give one to Sima, whose third part maketh his Regula above Sima. The great Sima of Trabeationes equal to the middle Facia, marked with a ✚, divide into 8, give 1 of those to Regula above Sima, his Proiectura being square. This being the just measure of this Pillar, the which ancient Architectures used at Corinthia, at Rome, at Venice and other places. diagram of column proportions VI. Corinthia the second manner with Stilobata. THis for proportion is like to the former, but it beareth a stronger and seemelyer show. The whole height being divided in nine equal parts, appearing in the left side, give two parts to Stilobata, those two divide into nine shewed on the left side of Stilobata Cimatium: The other seven parts remaining, divide into five, give 3. parts for the breadth of Stilobata: the which breadth divide into six parts, four of those parts give for the Diameter of Scapus: the two other parts remaining for the Projectura or standing foot: and two such parts give for the Projectura of Stilobata Cimatium or standing foot of the same: one of those nine parts before spoken, given to Basis Cimatium, which divide into five give two of the same parts to Plinthus, the remainder divide into four, give one part to the lower Torus, two other to Sima, and his fifth part maketh Regula above Torus, and the last to Astragulus, which third part maketh Regula, the Projectura before spoken, as in the right side you may see. The Stilobata Cimatium divide into two parts: the first for Facia with Sima being his third part, and the third part of Sima maketh Regula, the other part divide into four, give one to the lower Sima: the other three divide in two, give one part to Echinus, and the other part give to Facia, whose fourth part maketh Regula under Eoninus, his Projectura, being the same of Sulobata, regard the figure. Scapus with his S 〈…〉 Cimatium, and capital, 〈◇〉 nine Diameters in height ●●ewed on the left side, one Modulus of those maketh for Scapi Cimatium: whose measure before shewed in the first Corinthian pillar marked with R. The Contractura of the pillar and the measure of Tenia hath been before taught. diagram of column proportions The capital shall bee shewed at large in the great Capital. The Pillar may have Baculus, as the former Corinthian, or jonica, with Canaliculus, Epistilium, Zophorus, and Coronix, placed on the top of the capital, being the fourth part of the height of Scapus shewed on the right side: divide the said part into ten, give three to Epistilium, whose measure are before receited in the first Corinthian: other three parts to Zophorus, 4. to Coronix: which last four divide into 9, give 1. part to Sima above Zophorus: two give to Echinus: two makes Mutili: two makes Corona, and two maketh the higher Sima: divide Echinus into seven parts: two give to both the Regula: the fourth part of Mutili maketh the lesser Sima ever the same: But the fourth part of the highest Sima maketh the small Sima above Corona, but the sixth part of the greatest Sima, maketh the highest Regula, the Proiectura of Coronix may be square, the Mutili shall be as broad as their height, and so far distant as they hang over. In the left side divide Coronix into five parts, give one part to Echinus, his third part maketh Regula under Echinus: two maketh the Mutili, one to Corona, and one to Sima: divide the Mutili into eight parts, give one of those parts to the one part of Corona: whose third part maketh Sima over Corona. The Facia of the Mutili shall bee square in hight, breadth, & thickness, the distance shal be such that the square of Corona may stand between. The sixth part of the great Sima maketh Regula, the Projectura before shewed. This Corinthian hath just measure, and was found at Rome in the Temple name Maria Rotunda, or Panthon. diagram of column proportions VII. Composita the fifth. THis Pillar is comprehended of all the rest, and the best of their ornaments adorneth the same, his height divide into 13. parts: on the right side, give three to Stilobata, divide those three parts into ten: one part for Basis Cimatium, and the other part for Stilobata Cimatium: four other of those parts give to the breadth of Stilobata: the sixth part whereof is for the Projectura of the Basis, and four such parts for the thickness of Scapus, whose Projectura is equal to Stilobata, being of the whole six parts: Basis Cimatium divide into seven, give two unto Plinthus, two unto Torus, two to Sima: which two parts divide into six: give one to Regula under Sima, and one other of those to Regula over Sima: one other of the seven parts give Trochilus: & the last seventh part to Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula under Astragulus: but the higher Regula of Stilobata, hath half the breadth of Astragulus: Stilobata Cimatium, divide into five, give one to Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula: two maketh Hypotrachelium, which two divide into four, one maketh Regula above himself: two maketh Corona: and those two divide in three, give one for Sima, whose third part maketh his Regula. The left side of Stilobata Cimatium, divide in seven: give 1. to Astragulus, whose third part maketh Regula: two maketh Hypotrachelium, one maketh Echinus and his third part maketh the Regula, under himself: two parts to Corona, and the last part to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above himself. The Projectura of every one must bee square like Scapus standing on Stilobata, whose Diameter before spoken, his height with Scapi Cimatium, and Capicall are ten Diameters appearing on the right side. The Contractura of Scapus, being the twelfth part of the same: The capital and Tenia is taken from the same measures of Corinthian or Jonica. The Canaliculus or Baculus may be done in Scapus as the former Pilla● sheweth: the same Diameter as is under Tenia Epistilium being in height, and his parts and making, being taught in the former Corinthian: or as you may see on the left side of Zophorus diagram of column proportions with his Mutili doth follow: Epistilium being of the same Diameter, which divide into six parts, give one part to Sima, whose third part maketh Regula above Sima, the Mutili is square, and are made hollow as doth appear in the figure, and the space between the square appearing on the riyht side. Coronix of the same Diameter, which divide into two parts on the right side, give one part to Corona, the other divide into six parts, give one to Echinus, three maketh Sima, and two maketh Abacus: but every part of the Coronix shall be square. The measure in the left side, divide in two: the fifth of those two, divide in four, give three parts to Corona, and one to Sima over Corona, whose third part maketh Regula above himself: the other second part, divide in seven, give 6. parts to the great Sima, and one other part to the highest Regula, & every part made square. This column being in the Amphitiater at Rome, but showing the making of Sima, look on the figures marked with H. M. N. diagram of column proportions